Wikipedia http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lonk%C3%A1s%C3%A1_ya_libos%C3%B3 MediaWiki 1.9alpha first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk Image Image talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk HomePage 2 3574 2004-01-25T13:56:30Z Brion VIBBER 1 moved to "Main_Page" #REDIRECT [[Main_Page]] 6691 2005-11-05T10:31:41Z Moyogo 11 #REDIRECT [[Lonkásá ya libosó]] MediaWiki:Categories 3 sysop 115 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Categories 842 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Categories 1542 2004-06-29T12:22:12Z MediaWiki default Categories 2532 2004-12-23T04:20:26Z MediaWiki default Categories 2533 2005-04-02T16:19:51Z Bombo 12 molɔngɔ ya bilɔkɔ ya ndenge mɔkɔ / catégories 3575 2005-04-02T16:19:48Z Bombo 12 molɔngɔ ya bilɔkɔ ya ndenge mɔkɔ / catégorie 6227 2005-09-15T12:13:55Z Bombo 12 molɔngɔ ya bilɔkɔ ya ndenge mɔkɔ 6876 2005-11-11T22:57:17Z Moyogo 11 molɔngɔ ya bilɔkɔ ya ndenge mɔkɔ -> loléngé Loléngé 6877 2005-11-11T22:57:54Z Moyogo 11 singulier Ndéngé 8773 2006-07-03T14:35:56Z Bombo 12 {{PLURAL:$1|Loléngé|Ndéngé}} MediaWiki:Category 4 sysop 116 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default category 843 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default category 1543 2004-06-29T12:22:12Z MediaWiki default category 2802 2004-12-23T04:20:26Z MediaWiki default category 3576 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default category 6945 2005-11-21T06:23:47Z Moyogo 11 loléngé MediaWiki:Category header 5 sysop 117 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Articles in category "$1" 844 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Articles in category "$1" 1544 2004-06-29T12:22:12Z MediaWiki default Articles in category "$1" 2566 2004-12-23T04:20:26Z MediaWiki default Articles in category "$1" 2567 2005-04-02T17:11:28Z Bombo 12 bikakoli o molɔngɔ ya bilɔkɔ ya ndenge mɔkɔ "$1" articles dans catégorie "$1" 3577 2005-04-02T17:12:23Z Bombo 12 bikakoli o molɔngɔ ya bilɔkɔ ya ndenge mɔkɔ "$1" articles dans catégorie "$1" 6368 2005-09-28T10:32:59Z Bombo 12 ln bikakoli o molɔngɔ ya bilɔkɔ ya ndenge mɔkɔ "$1" MediaWiki:Subcategories 6 sysop 595 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Subcategories 1322 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Subcategories 2028 2004-06-29T12:23:58Z MediaWiki default Subcategories 3375 2004-12-23T04:22:00Z MediaWiki default Subcategories 3578 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Subcategories MediaWiki:Linktrail 7 sysop 290 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default /^([a-z]+)(.*)$/sD 1017 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default /^([a-z]+)(.*)$/sD 1719 2004-06-29T12:22:47Z MediaWiki default /^([a-z]+)(.*)\$/sD 2994 2004-12-23T04:21:05Z MediaWiki default /^([a-z]+)(.*)$/sD 3579 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default /^([a-z]+)(.*)$/sD MediaWiki:Mainpage 8 sysop 323 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Main Page 1050 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Main Page 1753 2004-06-29T12:22:51Z MediaWiki default Main Page 2478 2004-12-23T04:21:12Z MediaWiki default Main Page 2479 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2004-12-23T04:20:12Z MediaWiki default About 3582 2005-03-16T00:22:28Z Bombo 12 elɔkɔ elobamí MediaWiki:Aboutwikipedia 11 sysop 8 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default About MediaWiki 770 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default About Wikipedia 3583 2004-06-29T12:21:58Z MediaWiki default About Wikipedia MediaWiki:Aboutpage 12 sysop 7 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia:About 769 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia:About 1469 2004-06-29T12:21:58Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia:About 2714 2004-12-23T04:20:12Z MediaWiki default Project:About 3584 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Project:About MediaWiki:Help 13 sysop 231 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Help 958 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Help 1659 2004-06-29T12:22:40Z MediaWiki default Help 2520 2004-12-23T04:20:49Z MediaWiki default Help 3585 2005-04-02T15:36:00Z Bombo 12 Bosungi / Aide 6232 2005-09-15T12:17:36Z Bombo 12 Bosungi 6486 2005-10-14T10:12:13Z Bombo 12 Bosálisi MediaWiki:Helppage 14 sysop 232 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Help:Contents 959 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Help:Contents 1660 2004-06-29T12:22:40Z MediaWiki default Help:Contents 2932 2004-12-23T04:20:49Z MediaWiki default Help:Contents 3586 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Help:Contents 6487 2005-10-14T10:13:06Z Bombo 12 Bosálisi:Contents MediaWiki:Wikititlesuffix 15 sysop 752 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default MediaWiki 1440 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia 2148 2004-06-29T12:24:24Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia 3556 2004-12-23T04:22:10Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} 3587 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} MediaWiki:Bugreports 16 sysop 102 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Bug reports 829 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Bug reports 1529 2004-06-29T12:22:10Z MediaWiki default Bug reports 2788 2004-12-23T04:20:23Z MediaWiki default Bug reports 3588 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Bug reports MediaWiki:Bugreportspage 17 sysop 103 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia:Bug_reports 830 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia:Bug_reports 1530 2004-06-29T12:22:10Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia:Bug_reports 2789 2004-12-23T04:20:23Z MediaWiki default Project:Bug_reports 3589 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Project:Bug_reports MediaWiki:Sitesupport 18 sysop 582 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Donations 1309 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Donations 2013 2004-06-29T12:23:56Z MediaWiki default Donations 3356 2004-12-23T04:21:59Z MediaWiki default - 3590 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default - 5121 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default Donations Template:Sitesupportpage 19 sysop 3591 2004-01-29T14:51:51Z MediaWiki default &lt;sitesupportpage&gt; MediaWiki:Faq 20 sysop 211 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default FAQ 938 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default FAQ 1639 2004-06-29T12:22:37Z MediaWiki default FAQ 2909 2004-12-23T04:20:44Z MediaWiki default FAQ 3592 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default FAQ MediaWiki:Faqpage 21 sysop 212 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia:FAQ 939 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia:FAQ 1640 2004-06-29T12:22:37Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia:FAQ 2910 2004-12-23T04:20:44Z MediaWiki default Project:FAQ 3593 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Project:FAQ MediaWiki:Edithelp 22 sysop 181 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Editing help 908 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Editing help 1609 2004-06-29T12:22:32Z MediaWiki default Editing help 2876 2004-12-23T04:20:41Z MediaWiki default Editing help 3594 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Editing help 6485 2005-10-14T10:10:14Z Bombo 12 Editing bosálisi 8777 2006-07-03T14:47:12Z Bombo 12 Kobalusa bosálisi MediaWiki:Edithelppage 23 sysop 182 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Help:Editing 909 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Help:Editing 1610 2004-06-29T12:22:32Z MediaWiki default Help:Editing 2877 2004-12-23T04:20:41Z 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2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Edit 1220 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Edit 1926 2004-06-29T12:23:30Z MediaWiki default Edit 2553 2004-12-23T04:21:36Z MediaWiki default Edit 3599 2005-04-02T16:45:16Z Bombo 12 kobalusa MediaWiki:Qbpageoptions 28 sysop 497 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default This page 1224 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default This page 1930 2004-06-29T12:23:35Z MediaWiki default This page 3230 2004-12-23T04:21:36Z MediaWiki default This page 3600 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default This page MediaWiki:Qbpageinfo 29 sysop 496 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Context 1223 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Context 1929 2004-06-29T12:23:34Z MediaWiki default Context 3229 2004-12-23T04:21:36Z MediaWiki default Context 3601 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Context MediaWiki:Qbmyoptions 30 sysop 495 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default My pages 1222 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default My pages 1928 2004-06-29T12:23:33Z MediaWiki 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MediaWiki:Lastmodified 61 sysop 282 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default This page was last modified $1. 1009 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default This page was last modified $1. 1711 2004-06-29T12:22:45Z MediaWiki default This page was last modified $1. 2986 2004-12-23T04:21:03Z MediaWiki default This page was last modified $1. 3633 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default This page was last modified $1. MediaWiki:Viewcount 62 sysop 725 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default This page has been accessed $1 times. 1413 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default This page has been accessed $1 times. 2121 2004-06-29T12:24:20Z MediaWiki default This page has been accessed $1 times. 3529 2004-12-23T04:22:06Z MediaWiki default This page has been accessed $1 times. 3634 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default This page has been accessed $1 times. 8669 2006-07-01T18:57:59Z MediaWiki default This page has been accessed {{plural:$1|one time|$1 times}}. Template:Gnunote 63 sysop 3635 2004-01-29T14:51:51Z MediaWiki default All text is available under the terms of the <a class=internal href='/wiki/GNU_FDL'>GNU Free Documentation License</a>. MediaWiki:Printsubtitle 64 sysop 476 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default (From http://ln.wikipedia.org) 1203 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default (From http://ln.wikipedia.org) 1909 2004-06-29T12:23:26Z MediaWiki default (From http://ln.wikipedia.org) 3208 2004-12-23T04:21:32Z MediaWiki default (From {{SERVER}}) 3636 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default (From {{SERVER}}) MediaWiki:Protectedpage 65 sysop 480 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Protected page 1207 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Protected page 1913 2004-06-29T12:23:27Z MediaWiki default Protected page 3212 2004-12-23T04:21:33Z MediaWiki default Protected page 3637 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Protected page MediaWiki:Administrators 66 sysop 55 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia:Administrators 782 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia:Administrators 1482 2004-06-29T12:22:00Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia:Administrators 2729 2004-12-23T04:20:16Z MediaWiki default Project:Administrators 3638 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Project:Administrators 8522 2006-07-01T18:57:56Z MediaWiki default {{ns:project}}:Administrators MediaWiki:Sysoptitle 67 sysop 602 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Sysop access required 1329 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Sysop access required 2035 2004-06-29T12:23:59Z MediaWiki default Sysop access required 3383 2004-12-23T04:22:00Z MediaWiki default Sysop access required 3639 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Sysop access required MediaWiki:Sysoptext 68 sysop 601 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default The action you have requested can only be performed by users with "sysop" status. See $1. 1328 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default The action you have requested can only be performed by users with "sysop" status. See $1. 2034 2004-06-29T12:23:58Z MediaWiki default The action you have requested can only be performed by users with "sysop" status. See $1. 3382 2004-12-23T04:22:00Z MediaWiki default The action you have requested can only be performed by users with "sysop" status. See $1. 3640 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default The action you have requested can only be performed by users with "sysop" status. See $1. 5814 2005-07-29T10:52:04Z MediaWiki default The action you have requested can only be performed by users with "sysop" capability. See $1. MediaWiki:Developertitle 69 sysop 167 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Developer access required 894 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Developer access required 1595 2004-06-29T12:22:19Z MediaWiki default Developer access required 2862 2004-12-23T04:20:32Z MediaWiki default Developer access required 3641 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Developer access required MediaWiki:Developertext 70 sysop 166 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default The action you have requested can only be performed by users with "developer" status. See $1. 893 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default The action you have requested can only be performed by users with "developer" status. See $1. 1594 2004-06-29T12:22:19Z MediaWiki default The action you have requested can only be performed by users with "developer" status. See $1. 2861 2004-12-23T04:20:32Z MediaWiki default The action you have requested can only be performed by users with "developer" status. See $1. 3642 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default The action you have requested can only be performed by users with "developer" status. See $1. 5774 2005-07-29T10:52:02Z MediaWiki default The action you have requested can only be performed by users with "developer" capability. See $1. MediaWiki:Nbytes 71 sysop 378 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default $1 bytes 1105 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default $1 bytes 1808 2004-06-29T12:23:10Z MediaWiki default $1 bytes 3093 2004-12-23T04:21:22Z MediaWiki default $1 bytes 3643 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default $1 bytes 8596 2006-07-01T18:57:58Z MediaWiki default $1 {{PLURAL:$1|byte|bytes}} MediaWiki:Ok 72 sysop 439 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default OK 1166 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default OK 1871 2004-06-29T12:23:20Z MediaWiki default OK 3168 2004-12-23T04:21:27Z MediaWiki default OK 3644 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default OK 9135 2006-08-19T13:41:39Z Bombo 12 Ɛɛ Ɛɛ 9216 2006-08-31T10:18:36Z Bombo 12 Nandimi Nandimi MediaWiki:Sitetitle 73 sysop 583 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default MediaWiki 1310 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia 2014 2004-06-29T12:23:56Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia 3358 2004-12-23T04:21:59Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} 3645 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} MediaWiki:Sitesubtitle 74 sysop 581 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default The Free Encyclopedia 1308 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default The Free Encyclopedia 2012 2004-06-29T12:23:56Z MediaWiki default The Free Encyclopedia 3355 2004-12-23T04:21:59Z MediaWiki default The Free Encyclopedia 3646 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default The Free Encyclopedia 7433 2005-12-22T07:25:05Z MediaWiki default MediaWiki:Retrievedfrom 75 sysop 528 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Retrieved from "$1" 1255 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Retrieved from "$1" 1962 2004-06-29T12:23:46Z MediaWiki default Retrieved from "$1" 3266 2004-12-23T04:21:47Z MediaWiki default Retrieved from "$1" 3647 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Retrieved from "$1" MediaWiki:Newmessages 76 sysop 382 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default You have $1. 1109 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default You have $1. 1812 2004-06-29T12:23:10Z MediaWiki default You have $1. 3099 2004-12-23T04:21:22Z MediaWiki default You have $1. 3648 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default You have $1. MediaWiki:Newmessageslink 77 sysop 383 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default new messages 1110 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default new messages 1813 2004-06-29T12:23:10Z MediaWiki default new messages 3100 2004-12-23T04:21:22Z MediaWiki default new messages 3649 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default new messages 6374 2005-09-28T10:45:21Z Bombo 12 monɔkɔ ya sika monɔkɔ ya sika MediaWiki:Editsection 78 sysop 185 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default edit 912 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default edit 1613 2004-06-29T12:22:33Z MediaWiki default edit 2882 2004-12-23T04:20:41Z MediaWiki default edit 3650 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default edit 6468 2005-10-10T19:00:34Z Moyogo 11 kobalola MediaWiki:Toc 79 sysop 617 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Table of contents 1344 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Table of contents 2051 2004-06-29T12:24:00Z MediaWiki default Table of contents 3400 2004-12-23T04:22:01Z MediaWiki default Table of contents 3651 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Table of contents 5815 2005-07-29T10:52:04Z MediaWiki default Contents 6503 2005-10-14T11:07:05Z Bombo 12 Etápe MediaWiki:Showtoc 80 sysop 577 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default show 1304 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default show 2008 2004-06-29T12:23:56Z MediaWiki default show 3316 2004-12-23T04:21:59Z MediaWiki default show 3652 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default show MediaWiki:Hidetoc 81 sysop 234 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default hide 961 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default hide 1662 2004-06-29T12:22:40Z MediaWiki default hide 2934 2004-12-23T04:20:49Z MediaWiki default hide 3653 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default hide 6372 2005-09-28T10:41:24Z Bombo 12 kobomba kobomba MediaWiki:Thisisdeleted 82 sysop 612 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default View or restore $1? 1339 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default View or restore $1? 2045 2004-06-29T12:23:59Z MediaWiki default View or restore $1? 3394 2004-12-23T04:22:01Z MediaWiki default View or restore $1? 3654 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default View or restore $1? MediaWiki:Restorelink 83 sysop 526 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default $1 deleted edits 1253 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default $1 deleted edits 1960 2004-06-29T12:23:46Z MediaWiki default $1 deleted edits 3264 2004-12-23T04:21:46Z MediaWiki default $1 deleted edits 3655 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default $1 deleted edits 8634 2006-07-01T18:57:58Z MediaWiki default {{PLURAL:$1|one deleted edit|$1 deleted edits}} MediaWiki:Nosuchaction 84 sysop 413 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default No such action 1140 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default No such action 1845 2004-06-29T12:23:17Z MediaWiki default No such action 3137 2004-12-23T04:21:26Z MediaWiki default No such action 3656 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default No such action MediaWiki:Nosuchactiontext 85 sysop 414 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default The action specified by the URL is not recognized by the wiki 1141 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default The action specified by the URL is not recognized by the wiki 1846 2004-06-29T12:23:17Z MediaWiki default The action specified by the URL is not recognized by the wiki 3138 2004-12-23T04:21:26Z MediaWiki default The action specified by the URL is not recognized by the wiki 3657 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default The action specified by the URL is not recognized by the wiki MediaWiki:Nosuchspecialpage 86 sysop 415 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default No such special page 1142 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default No such special page 1847 2004-06-29T12:23:17Z MediaWiki default No such special page 3139 2004-12-23T04:21:26Z MediaWiki default No such special page 3658 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default No such special page MediaWiki:Nospecialpagetext 87 sysop 412 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default You have requested a special page that is not recognized by the wiki. 1139 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default You have requested a special page that is not recognized by the wiki. 1844 2004-06-29T12:23:17Z MediaWiki default You have requested a special page that is not recognized by the wiki. 3136 2004-12-23T04:21:26Z MediaWiki default You have requested a special page that is not recognized by the wiki. 3659 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default You have requested a special page that is not recognized by the wiki. 5081 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default You have requested an invalid special page, a list of valid special pages may be found at [[{{ns:special}}:Specialpages]]. MediaWiki:Error 88 sysop 200 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Error 927 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Error 1628 2004-06-29T12:22:36Z MediaWiki default Error 2898 2004-12-23T04:20:43Z MediaWiki default Error 3660 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Error 6339 2005-09-27T16:35:25Z Bombo 12 Mbéba MediaWiki:Databaseerror 89 sysop 146 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Database error 873 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Database error 1575 2004-06-29T12:22:15Z MediaWiki default Database error 2837 2004-12-23T04:20:28Z MediaWiki default Database error 3661 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Database error MediaWiki:Dberrortext 90 sysop 148 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default A database query syntax error has occurred. This could be because of an illegal search query (see $5), or it may indicate a bug in the software. The last attempted database query was: <blockquote><tt>$1</tt></blockquote> from within function "<tt>$2</tt>". MySQL returned error "<tt>$3: $4</tt>". 875 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default A database query syntax error has occurred. This could be because of an illegal search query (see $5), or it may indicate a bug in the software. The last attempted database query was: <blockquote><tt>$1</tt></blockquote> from within function "<tt>$2</tt>". MySQL returned error "<tt>$3: $4</tt>". 1577 2004-06-29T12:22:15Z MediaWiki default A database query syntax error has occurred. This could be because of an illegal search query (see $5), or it may indicate a bug in the software. The last attempted database query was: <blockquote><tt>$1</tt></blockquote> from within function "<tt>$2</tt>". MySQL returned error "<tt>$3: $4</tt>". 2839 2004-12-23T04:20:28Z MediaWiki default A database query syntax error has occurred. This may indicate a bug in the software. The last attempted database query was: <blockquote><tt>$1</tt></blockquote> from within function "<tt>$2</tt>". MySQL returned error "<tt>$3: $4</tt>". 3662 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default A database query syntax error has occurred. This may indicate a bug in the software. The last attempted database query was: <blockquote><tt>$1</tt></blockquote> from within function "<tt>$2</tt>". MySQL returned error "<tt>$3: $4</tt>". MediaWiki:Dberrortextcl 91 sysop 149 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default A database query syntax error has occurred. The last attempted database query was: "$1" from within function "$2". MySQL returned error "$3: $4". 876 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default A database query syntax error has occurred. The last attempted database query was: "$1" from within function "$2". MySQL returned error "$3: $4". 1578 2004-06-29T12:22:15Z MediaWiki default A database query syntax error has occurred. The last attempted database query was: "$1" from within function "$2". MySQL returned error "$3: $4". 2840 2004-12-23T04:20:28Z MediaWiki default A database query syntax error has occurred. The last attempted database query was: "$1" from within function "$2". MySQL returned error "$3: $4". 3663 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default A database query syntax error has occurred. The last attempted database query was: "$1" from within function "$2". MySQL returned error "$3: $4". 6113 2005-09-05T09:37:03Z MediaWiki default A database query syntax error has occurred. The last attempted database query was: "$1" from within function "$2". MySQL returned error "$3: $4" 6815 2005-11-09T22:45:11Z MediaWiki default A database query syntax error has occurred. The last attempted database query was: "$1" from within function "$2". MySQL returned error "$3: $4" 7054 2005-11-29T21:17:24Z MediaWiki default A database query syntax error has occurred. The last attempted database query was: "$1" from within function "$2". MySQL returned error "$3: $4" 7084 2005-12-02T02:29:53Z MediaWiki default A database query syntax error has occurred. The last attempted database query was: "$1" from within function "$2". MySQL returned error "$3: $4" 7121 2005-12-02T04:04:50Z MediaWiki default A database query syntax error has occurred. The last attempted database query was: "$1" from within function "$2". MySQL returned error "$3: $4" MediaWiki:Noconnect 92 sysop 396 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Sorry! The wiki is experiencing some technical difficulties, and cannot contact the database server. 1123 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Sorry! The wiki is experiencing some technical difficulties, and cannot contact the database server. 1827 2004-06-29T12:23:14Z MediaWiki default Sorry! The wiki is experiencing some technical difficulties, and cannot contact the database server. <br /> $1 3117 2004-12-23T04:21:23Z MediaWiki default Sorry! The wiki is experiencing some technical difficulties, and cannot contact the database server. <br /> $1 3664 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Sorry! The wiki is experiencing some technical difficulties, and cannot contact the database server. <br /> $1 MediaWiki:Nodb 93 sysop 401 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Could not select database $1 1128 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Could not select database $1 1833 2004-06-29T12:23:15Z MediaWiki default Could not select database $1 3123 2004-12-23T04:21:24Z MediaWiki default Could not select database $1 3665 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Could not select database $1 MediaWiki:Cachederror 94 sysop 111 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default The following is a cached copy of the requested page, and may not be up to date. 838 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default The following is a cached copy of the requested page, and may not be up to date. 1538 2004-06-29T12:22:11Z MediaWiki default The following is a cached copy of the requested page, and may not be up to date. 2797 2004-12-23T04:20:24Z MediaWiki default The following is a cached copy of the requested page, and may not be up to date. 3666 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default The following is a cached copy of the requested page, and may not be up to date. MediaWiki:Readonly 95 sysop 512 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Database locked 1239 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Database locked 1946 2004-06-29T12:23:43Z MediaWiki default Database locked 3249 2004-12-23T04:21:42Z MediaWiki default Database locked 3667 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Database locked MediaWiki:Enterlockreason 96 sysop 199 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Enter a reason for the lock, including an estimate of when the lock will be released 926 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Enter a reason for the lock, including an estimate of when the lock will be released 1627 2004-06-29T12:22:36Z MediaWiki default Enter a reason for the lock, including an estimate of when the lock will be released 2897 2004-12-23T04:20:43Z MediaWiki default Enter a reason for the lock, including an estimate of when the lock will be released 3668 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Enter a reason for the lock, including an estimate of when the lock will be released MediaWiki:Readonlytext 97 sysop 513 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default The database is currently locked to new entries and other modifications, probably for routine database maintenance, after which it will be back to normal. The administrator who locked it offered this explanation: <p>$1 1240 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default The database is currently locked to new entries and other modifications, probably for routine database maintenance, after which it will be back to normal. The administrator who locked it offered this explanation: <p>$1 1947 2004-06-29T12:23:43Z MediaWiki default The database is currently locked to new entries and other modifications, probably for routine database maintenance, after which it will be back to normal. The administrator who locked it offered this explanation: <p>$1 3250 2004-12-23T04:21:44Z MediaWiki default The database is currently locked to new entries and other modifications, probably for routine database maintenance, after which it will be back to normal. The administrator who locked it offered this explanation: <p>$1 3669 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default The database is currently locked to new entries and other modifications, probably for routine database maintenance, after which it will be back to normal. The administrator who locked it offered this explanation: <p>$1 5096 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default The database is currently locked to new entries and other modifications, probably for routine database maintenance, after which it will be back to normal. The administrator who locked it offered this explanation: $1 6133 2005-09-05T09:37:07Z MediaWiki default The database is currently locked to new entries and other modifications, probably for routine database maintenance, after which it will be back to normal. The administrator who locked it offered this explanation: $1 MediaWiki:Missingarticle 98 sysop 357 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default The database did not find the text of a page that it should have found, named "$1". <p>This is usually caused by following an outdated diff or history link to a page that has been deleted. <p>If this is not the case, you may have found a bug in the software. Please report this to an administrator, making note of the URL. 1084 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default The database did not find the text of a page that it should have found, named "$1". <p>This is usually caused by following an outdated diff or history link to a page that has been deleted. <p>If this is not the case, you may have found a bug in the software. Please report this to an administrator, making note of the URL. 1787 2004-06-29T12:23:07Z MediaWiki default The database did not find the text of a page that it should have found, named "$1". <p>This is usually caused by following an outdated diff or history link to a page that has been deleted. <p>If this is not the case, you may have found a bug in the software. Please report this to an administrator, making note of the URL. 3067 2004-12-23T04:21:20Z MediaWiki default The database did not find the text of a page that it should have found, named "$1". <p>This is usually caused by following an outdated diff or history link to a page that has been deleted. <p>If this is not the case, you may have found a bug in the software. Please report this to an administrator, making note of the URL. 3670 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default The database did not find the text of a page that it should have found, named "$1". <p>This is usually caused by following an outdated diff or history link to a page that has been deleted. <p>If this is not the case, you may have found a bug in the software. Please report this to an administrator, making note of the URL. 5069 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default The database did not find the text of a page that it should have found, named "$1". This is usually caused by following an outdated diff or history link to a page that has been deleted. If this is not the case, you may have found a bug in the software. Please report this to an administrator, making note of the URL. 6124 2005-09-05T09:37:06Z MediaWiki default The database did not find the text of a page that it should have found, named "$1". This is usually caused by following an outdated diff or history link to a page that has been deleted. If this is not the case, you may have found a bug in the software. Please report this to an administrator, making note of the URL. MediaWiki:Internalerror 99 sysop 264 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Internal error 991 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Internal error 1693 2004-06-29T12:22:43Z MediaWiki default Internal error 2968 2004-12-23T04:20:57Z MediaWiki default Internal error 3671 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Internal error MediaWiki:Filecopyerror 100 sysop 214 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Could not copy file "$1" to "$2". 941 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Could not copy file "$1" to "$2". 1642 2004-06-29T12:22:37Z MediaWiki default Could not copy file "$1" to "$2". 2913 2004-12-23T04:20:44Z MediaWiki default Could not copy file "$1" to "$2". 3672 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Could not copy file "$1" to "$2". 6490 2005-10-14T10:30:42Z Bombo 12 Could not koákisa file "$1" to "$2". MediaWiki:Filerenameerror 101 sysop 219 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Could not rename file "$1" to "$2". 946 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Could not rename file "$1" to "$2". 1648 2004-06-29T12:22:38Z MediaWiki default Could not rename file "$1" to "$2". 2920 2004-12-23T04:20:46Z MediaWiki default Could not rename file "$1" to "$2". 3673 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Could not rename file "$1" to "$2". MediaWiki:Filedeleteerror 102 sysop 215 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Could not delete file "$1". 942 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Could not delete file "$1". 1643 2004-06-29T12:22:38Z MediaWiki default Could not delete file "$1". 2914 2004-12-23T04:20:44Z MediaWiki default Could not delete file "$1". 3674 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Could not delete file "$1". 6491 2005-10-14T10:32:33Z Bombo 12 Could not kosíma kásá-kásá "$1". MediaWiki:Filenotfound 103 sysop 218 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Could not find file "$1". 945 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Could not find file "$1". 1647 2004-06-29T12:22:38Z MediaWiki default Could not find file "$1". 2919 2004-12-23T04:20:46Z MediaWiki default Could not find file "$1". 3675 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Could not find file "$1". MediaWiki:Unexpected 104 sysop 680 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Unexpected value: "$1"="$2". 1369 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Unexpected value: "$1"="$2". 2076 2004-06-29T12:24:07Z MediaWiki default Unexpected value: "$1"="$2". 3447 2004-12-23T04:22:03Z MediaWiki default Unexpected value: "$1"="$2". 3676 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Unexpected value: "$1"="$2". MediaWiki:Formerror 105 sysop 223 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Error: could not submit form 950 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Error: could not submit form 1652 2004-06-29T12:22:39Z MediaWiki default Error: could not submit form 2924 2004-12-23T04:20:48Z MediaWiki default Error: could not submit form 3677 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Error: could not submit form MediaWiki:Badarticleerror 106 sysop 75 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default This action cannot be performed on this page. 802 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default This action cannot be performed on this page. 1502 2004-06-29T12:22:02Z MediaWiki default This action cannot be performed on this page. 2759 2004-12-23T04:20:18Z MediaWiki default This action cannot be performed on this page. 3678 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default This action cannot be performed on this page. MediaWiki:Cannotdelete 107 sysop 113 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Could not delete the page or image specified. (It may have already been deleted by someone else.) 840 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Could not delete the page or image specified. (It may have already been deleted by someone else.) 1540 2004-06-29T12:22:11Z MediaWiki default Could not delete the page or image specified. (It may have already been deleted by someone else.) 2799 2004-12-23T04:20:26Z MediaWiki default Could not delete the page or image specified. (It may have already been deleted by someone else.) 3679 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Could not delete the page or image specified. (It may have already been deleted by someone else.) 4730 2005-07-03T13:06:22Z MediaWiki default Could not delete the page or file specified. (It may have already been deleted by someone else.) MediaWiki:Badtitle 108 sysop 82 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Bad title 809 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Bad title 1509 2004-06-29T12:22:04Z MediaWiki default Bad title 2766 2004-12-23T04:20:20Z MediaWiki default Bad title 3680 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Bad title MediaWiki:Badtitletext 109 sysop 83 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default The requested page title was invalid, empty, or an incorrectly linked inter-language or inter-wiki title. 810 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default The requested page title was invalid, empty, or an incorrectly linked inter-language or inter-wiki title. 1510 2004-06-29T12:22:04Z MediaWiki default The requested page title was invalid, empty, or an incorrectly linked inter-language or inter-wiki title. 2767 2004-12-23T04:20:20Z MediaWiki default The requested page title was invalid, empty, or an incorrectly linked inter-language or inter-wiki title. 3681 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default The requested page title was invalid, empty, or an incorrectly linked inter-language or inter-wiki title. 6110 2005-09-05T09:37:03Z MediaWiki default The requested page title was invalid, empty, or an incorrectly linked inter-language or inter-wiki title. 7740 2006-02-26T01:55:29Z MediaWiki default The requested page title was invalid, empty, or an incorrectly linked inter-language or inter-wiki title. It may contain one more characters which cannot be used in titles. MediaWiki:Perfdisabled 110 sysop 452 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Sorry! This feature has been temporarily disabled because it slows the database down to the point that no one can use the wiki. 1179 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Sorry! This feature has been temporarily disabled because it slows the database down to the point that no one can use the wiki. 1885 2004-06-29T12:23:21Z MediaWiki default Sorry! This feature has been temporarily disabled because it slows the database down to the point that no one can use the wiki. 3182 2004-12-23T04:21:30Z MediaWiki default Sorry! This feature has been temporarily disabled because it slows the database down to the point that no one can use the wiki. 3682 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Sorry! This feature has been temporarily disabled because it slows the database down to the point that no one can use the wiki. 6129 2005-09-05T09:37:07Z MediaWiki default Sorry! This feature has been temporarily disabled because it slows the database down to the point that no one can use the wiki. MediaWiki:Perfdisabledsub 111 sysop 453 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Here's a saved copy from $1: 1180 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Here's a saved copy from $1: 1886 2004-06-29T12:23:21Z MediaWiki default Here's a saved copy from $1: 3183 2004-12-23T04:21:30Z MediaWiki default Here's a saved copy from $1: 3683 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Here's a saved copy from $1: 6130 2005-09-05T09:37:07Z MediaWiki default Here is a saved copy from $1: MediaWiki:Wrong wfQuery params 112 sysop 756 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Incorrect parameters to wfQuery()<br /> Function: $1<br /> Query: $2 1444 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Incorrect parameters to wfQuery()<br /> Function: $1<br /> Query: $2 2152 2004-06-29T12:24:24Z MediaWiki default Incorrect parameters to wfQuery()<br /> Function: $1<br /> Query: $2 3560 2004-12-23T04:22:10Z MediaWiki default Incorrect parameters to wfQuery()<br /> Function: $1<br /> Query: $2 3684 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Incorrect parameters to wfQuery()<br /> Function: $1<br /> Query: $2 6154 2005-09-05T09:37:09Z MediaWiki default Incorrect parameters to wfQuery()<br /> Function: $1<br /> Query: $2 MediaWiki:Viewsource 113 sysop 727 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default View source 1415 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default View source 2123 2004-06-29T12:24:20Z MediaWiki default View source 3531 2004-12-23T04:22:06Z MediaWiki default View source 3685 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default View source MediaWiki:Protectedtext 114 sysop 482 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default This page has been locked to prevent editing; there are a number of reasons why this may be so, please see [[Wikipedia:Protected page]]. You can view and copy the source of this page: 1209 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default This page has been locked to prevent editing; there are a number of reasons why this may be so, please see [[Wikipedia:Protected page]]. You can view and copy the source of this page: 1915 2004-06-29T12:23:27Z MediaWiki default This page has been locked to prevent editing; there are a number of reasons why this may be so, please see [[Wikipedia:Protected page]]. You can view and copy the source of this page: 3214 2004-12-23T04:21:33Z MediaWiki default This page has been locked to prevent editing; there are a number of reasons why this may be so, please see [[Project:Protected page]]. You can view and copy the source of this page: 3686 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default This page has been locked to prevent editing; there are a number of reasons why this may be so, please see [[Project:Protected page]]. You can view and copy the source of this page: 8622 2006-07-01T18:57:58Z MediaWiki default This page has been locked to prevent editing. You can view and copy the source of this page: 9341 2006-09-11T13:09:40Z Bombo 12 E/F not L This page has been locked to prevent editing do to vandalism. Create an account to edit this page. Cette page a été vérouillé à cause de vandalisme. Inscrivez-vous pour éditer cette page. You can view and copy the source of this page: MediaWiki:Logouttitle 115 sysop 315 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default User logout 1042 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default User logout 1745 2004-06-29T12:22:50Z MediaWiki default User logout 3020 2004-12-23T04:21:12Z MediaWiki default User logout 3687 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default User logout MediaWiki:Logouttext 116 sysop 314 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default You are now logged out. You can continue to use MediaWiki anonymously, or you can log in again as the same or as a different user. Note that some pages may continue to be displayed as if you were still logged in, until you clear your browser cache 1041 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default You are now logged out. You can continue to use Wikipedia anonymously, or you can log in again as the same or as a different user. Note that some pages may continue to be displayed as if you were still logged in, until you clear your browser cache 1744 2004-06-29T12:22:49Z MediaWiki default You are now logged out. You can continue to use Wikipedia anonymously, or you can log in again as the same or as a different user. Note that some pages may continue to be displayed as if you were still logged in, until you clear your browser cache 3019 2004-12-23T04:21:12Z MediaWiki default You are now logged out. You can continue to use {{SITENAME}} anonymously, or you can log in again as the same or as a different user. Note that some pages may continue to be displayed as if you were still logged in, until you clear your browser cache 3688 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default You are now logged out. You can continue to use {{SITENAME}} anonymously, or you can log in again as the same or as a different user. Note that some pages may continue to be displayed as if you were still logged in, until you clear your browser cache 5059 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default You are now logged out.<br /> You can continue to use {{SITENAME}} anonymously, or you can log in again as the same or as a different user. Note that some pages may continue to be displayed as if you were still logged in, until you clear your browser cache. 5791 2005-07-29T10:52:03Z MediaWiki default You are now logged out.<br /> You can continue to use {{SITENAME}} anonymously, or you can log in again as the same or as a different user. Note that some pages may continue to be displayed as if you were still logged in, until you clear your browser cache. 6010 2005-08-19T23:24:04Z MediaWiki default You are now logged out.<br /> You can continue to use {{SITENAME}} anonymously, or you can log in again as the same or as a different user. Note that some pages may continue to be displayed as if you were still logged in, until you clear your browser cache. 6122 2005-09-05T09:37:06Z MediaWiki default You are now logged out.<br /> You can continue to use {{SITENAME}} anonymously, or you can log in again as the same or as a different user. Note that some pages may continue to be displayed as if you were still logged in, until you clear your browser cache. 6828 2005-11-09T22:45:14Z MediaWiki default You are now logged out.<br /> You can continue to use {{SITENAME}} anonymously, or you can log in again as the same or as a different user. Note that some pages may continue to be displayed as if you were still logged in, until you clear your browser cache. 7059 2005-11-29T21:17:26Z MediaWiki default You are now logged out.<br /> You can continue to use {{SITENAME}} anonymously, or you can log in again as the same or as a different user. Note that some pages may continue to be displayed as if you were still logged in, until you clear your browser cache. 7091 2005-12-02T02:29:54Z MediaWiki default <strong>You are now logged out.</strong><br /> You can continue to use {{SITENAME}} anonymously, or you can log in again as the same or as a different user. Note that some pages may continue to be displayed as if you were still logged in, until you clear your browser cache. 7124 2005-12-02T04:04:51Z MediaWiki default <strong>You are now logged out.</strong><br /> You can continue to use {{SITENAME}} anonymously, or you can log in again as the same or as a different user. Note that some pages may continue to be displayed as if you were still logged in, until you clear your browser cache. MediaWiki:Welcomecreation 117 sysop 743 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default <h2>Welcome, $1!</h2><p>Your account has been created. Don't forget to change your MediaWiki preferences. 1431 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default <h2>Welcome, $1!</h2><p>Your account has been created. Don't forget to change your Wikipedia preferences. 2139 2004-06-29T12:24:22Z MediaWiki default <h2>Welcome, $1!</h2><p>Your account has been created. Don't forget to change your Wikipedia preferences. 3547 2004-12-23T04:22:08Z MediaWiki default == Welcome, $1! == Your account has been created. Don't forget to change your {{SITENAME}} preferences. 3689 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default == Welcome, $1! == Your account has been created. Don't forget to change your {{SITENAME}} preferences. MediaWiki:Loginpagetitle 118 sysop 306 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default User login 1033 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default User login 1736 2004-06-29T12:22:48Z MediaWiki default User login 3012 2004-12-23T04:21:09Z MediaWiki default User login 3690 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default User login MediaWiki:Yourname 119 sysop 760 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Your user name 1448 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Your user name 2156 2004-06-29T12:24:25Z MediaWiki default Your user name 3565 2004-12-23T04:22:11Z MediaWiki default Your user name 3691 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Your user name 5205 2005-07-03T13:06:27Z MediaWiki default User name 5837 2005-07-29T10:52:05Z MediaWiki default Username MediaWiki:Yourpassword 120 sysop 762 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Your password 1450 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Your password 2158 2004-06-29T12:24:25Z MediaWiki default Your password 3567 2004-12-23T04:22:12Z MediaWiki default Your password 3692 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Your password 5207 2005-07-03T13:06:27Z MediaWiki default Password MediaWiki:Yourpasswordagain 121 sysop 763 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Retype password 1451 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Retype password 2159 2004-06-29T12:24:25Z MediaWiki default Retype password 3568 2004-12-23T04:22:12Z MediaWiki default Retype password 3693 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Retype password MediaWiki:Newusersonly 122 sysop 389 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default (new users only) 1116 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default (new users only) 1819 2004-06-29T12:23:12Z MediaWiki default (new users only) 3106 2004-12-23T04:21:22Z MediaWiki default (new users only) 3694 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default (new users only) MediaWiki:Remembermypassword 123 sysop 520 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Remember my password across sessions. 1247 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Remember my password across sessions. 1954 2004-06-29T12:23:44Z MediaWiki default Remember my password across sessions. 3258 2004-12-23T04:21:45Z MediaWiki default Remember my password across sessions. 3695 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Remember my password across sessions. 5804 2005-07-29T10:52:04Z MediaWiki default Remember me 9609 2006-10-25T19:01:10Z MediaWiki default 90 Remember my login on this computer MediaWiki:Loginproblem 124 sysop 307 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default <b>There has been a problem with your login.</b><br />Try again! 1034 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default <b>There has been a problem with your login.</b><br />Try again! 1737 2004-06-29T12:22:48Z MediaWiki default <b>There has been a problem with your login.</b><br />Try again! 3013 2004-12-23T04:21:09Z MediaWiki default <b>There has been a problem with your login.</b><br />Try again! 3696 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default <b>There has been a problem with your login.</b><br />Try again! MediaWiki:Alreadyloggedin 125 sysop 62 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default <font color=red><b>User $1, you are already logged in!</b></font><br /> 789 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default <font color=red><b>User $1, you are already logged in!</b></font><br /> 1489 2004-06-29T12:22:01Z MediaWiki default <font color=red><b>User $1, you are already logged in!</b></font><br /> 2743 2004-12-23T04:20:17Z MediaWiki default <font color=red><b>User $1, you are already logged in!</b></font><br /> 3697 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default <font color=red><b>User $1, you are already logged in!</b></font><br /> 6002 2005-08-19T23:24:02Z MediaWiki default <strong>User $1, you are already logged in!</strong><br /> 6109 2005-09-05T09:37:03Z MediaWiki default <strong>User $1, you are already logged in!</strong><br /> 6805 2005-11-09T22:45:09Z MediaWiki default <strong>User $1, you are already logged in!</strong><br /> 7051 2005-11-29T21:17:24Z MediaWiki default <strong>User $1, you are already logged in!</strong><br /> 7081 2005-12-02T02:29:53Z MediaWiki default <strong>User $1, you are already logged in!</strong><br /> 7119 2005-12-02T04:04:49Z MediaWiki default <strong>User $1, you are already logged in!</strong><br /> MediaWiki:Login 126 sysop 303 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Log in 1030 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Log in 1733 2004-06-29T12:22:48Z MediaWiki default Log in 2524 2004-12-23T04:21:08Z MediaWiki default Log in 3698 2005-04-02T15:58:05Z Bombo 12 kokɔtɔ (log in) MediaWiki:Loginprompt 127 sysop 308 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default You must have cookies enabled to log in to MediaWiki. 1035 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default You must have cookies enabled to log in to Wikipedia. 1738 2004-06-29T12:22:49Z MediaWiki default You must have cookies enabled to log in to Wikipedia. 3014 2004-12-23T04:21:09Z MediaWiki default You must have cookies enabled to log in to {{SITENAME}}. 3699 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default You must have cookies enabled to log in to {{SITENAME}}. MediaWiki:Userlogin 128 sysop 718 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Log in 1406 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Log in 2114 2004-06-29T12:24:19Z MediaWiki default Log in 2562 2004-12-23T04:22:06Z MediaWiki default Create an account or log in 3700 2005-04-02T17:02:46Z Bombo 12 kokomisa nkombó to kokɔtɔ (log in) MediaWiki:Logout 129 sysop 313 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Log out 1040 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Log out 1743 2004-06-29T12:22:49Z MediaWiki default Log out 2525 2004-12-23T04:21:11Z MediaWiki default Log out 3701 2005-04-02T15:59:33Z Bombo 12 kolongwa (log out) MediaWiki:Userlogout 130 sysop 719 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Log out 1407 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Log out 2115 2004-06-29T12:24:19Z MediaWiki default Log out 2561 2004-12-23T04:22:06Z MediaWiki default Log out 3702 2005-04-02T16:57:10Z Bombo 12 kolongwa (log out) MediaWiki:Notloggedin 131 sysop 424 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Not logged in 1151 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Not logged in 1856 2004-06-29T12:23:18Z MediaWiki default Not logged in 3149 2004-12-23T04:21:26Z MediaWiki default Not logged in 3703 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Not logged in MediaWiki:Createaccount 132 sysop 141 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Create new account 868 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Create new account 1569 2004-06-29T12:22:14Z MediaWiki default Create new account 2828 2004-12-23T04:20:28Z MediaWiki default Create new account 3704 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Create new account 7083 2005-12-02T02:29:53Z MediaWiki default Create account MediaWiki:Createaccountmail 133 sysop 142 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default by email 869 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default by email 1570 2004-06-29T12:22:15Z MediaWiki default by email 2829 2004-12-23T04:20:28Z MediaWiki default by email 3705 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default by email 6539 2005-10-18T12:26:09Z Bombo 12 by mokánda 6948 2005-11-21T06:32:17Z Moyogo 11 na mokánda MediaWiki:Badretype 134 sysop 81 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default The passwords you entered do not match. 808 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default The passwords you entered do not match. 1508 2004-06-29T12:22:03Z MediaWiki default The passwords you entered do not match. 2765 2004-12-23T04:20:19Z MediaWiki default The passwords you entered do not match. 3706 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default The passwords you entered do not match. MediaWiki:Userexists 135 sysop 716 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default The user name you entered is already in use. Please choose a different name. 1404 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default The user name you entered is already in use. Please choose a different name. 2112 2004-06-29T12:24:18Z MediaWiki default The user name you entered is already in use. Please choose a different name. 3481 2004-12-23T04:22:05Z MediaWiki default The user name you entered is already in use. Please choose a different name. 3707 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default The user name you entered is already in use. Please choose a different name. 7111 2005-12-02T02:29:56Z MediaWiki default Username entered already in use. Please choose a different name. MediaWiki:Youremail 136 sysop 759 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Your email* 1447 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Your email* 2155 2004-06-29T12:24:25Z MediaWiki default Your email* 3563 2004-12-23T04:22:11Z MediaWiki default Your email* 3708 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Your email* 5203 2005-07-03T13:06:27Z MediaWiki default Email² 5836 2005-07-29T10:52:05Z MediaWiki default Email * 6545 2005-10-18T12:33:39Z Bombo 12 en > ln Mokánda * MediaWiki:Yournick 137 sysop 761 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Your nickname (for signatures) 1449 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Your nickname (for signatures) 2157 2004-06-29T12:24:25Z MediaWiki default Your nickname (for signatures) 3566 2004-12-23T04:22:11Z MediaWiki default Your nickname (for signatures) 3709 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Your nickname (for signatures) 5206 2005-07-03T13:06:27Z MediaWiki default Nickname 6875 2005-11-09T22:45:21Z MediaWiki default Nickname: MediaWiki:Emailforlost 138 sysop 188 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Fields marked with a star (*) are optional. Storing an email address enables people to contact you through the website without you having to reveal your email address to them, and it can be used to send you a new password if you forget it.<br /><br />Your real name, if you choose to provide it, will be used for giving you attribution for your work. 915 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Fields marked with a star (*) are optional. Storing an email address enables people to contact you through the website without you having to reveal your email address to them, and it can be used to send you a new password if you forget it.<br /><br />Your real name, if you choose to provide it, will be used for giving you attribution for your work. 1616 2004-06-29T12:22:33Z MediaWiki default Fields marked with a star (*) are optional. Storing an email address enables people to contact you through the website without you having to reveal your email address to them, and it can be used to send you a new password if you forget it.<br /><br />Your real name, if you choose to provide it, will be used for giving you attribution for your work. 2886 2004-12-23T04:20:41Z MediaWiki default Fields marked with a star (*) are optional. Storing an email address enables people to contact you through the website without you having to reveal your email address to them, and it can be used to send you a new password if you forget it.<br /><br />Your real name, if you choose to provide it, will be used for giving you attribution for your work. 3710 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Fields marked with a star (*) are optional. Storing an email address enables people to contact you through the website without you having to reveal your email address to them, and it can be used to send you a new password if you forget it.<br /><br />Your real name, if you choose to provide it, will be used for giving you attribution for your work. 4763 2005-07-03T13:06:22Z MediaWiki default Fields marked with superscripts are optional. Storing an email address enables people to contact you through the website without you having to reveal your email address to them, and it can be used to send you a new password if you forget it.<br /><br />Your real name, if you choose to provide it, will be used for giving you attribution for your work. 6543 2005-10-18T12:30:01Z Bombo 12 Fields marked with superscripts are optional. Storing an address ya mokánda enables people to contact you through the website without you having to reveal your address ya mokánda to them, and it can be used to send you a new password if you forget it.<br /><br />Your real name, if you choose to provide it, will be used for giving you attribution for your work. MediaWiki:Loginerror 139 sysop 305 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Login error 1032 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Login error 1735 2004-06-29T12:22:48Z MediaWiki default Login error 3011 2004-12-23T04:21:09Z MediaWiki default Login error 3711 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Login error MediaWiki:Nocookiesnew 140 sysop 399 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default The user account was created, but you are not logged in. MediaWiki uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them, then log in with your new username and password. 1126 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default The user account was created, but you are not logged in. Wikipedia uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them, then log in with your new username and password. 1830 2004-06-29T12:23:15Z MediaWiki default The user account was created, but you are not logged in. Wikipedia uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them, then log in with your new username and password. 3120 2004-12-23T04:21:24Z MediaWiki default The user account was created, but you are not logged in. {{SITENAME}} uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them, then log in with your new username and password. 3712 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default The user account was created, but you are not logged in. {{SITENAME}} uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them, then log in with your new username and password. MediaWiki:Nocookieslogin 141 sysop 398 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default MediaWiki uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them and try again. 1125 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them and try again. 1829 2004-06-29T12:23:15Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them and try again. 3119 2004-12-23T04:21:24Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them and try again. 3713 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them and try again. MediaWiki:Noname 142 sysop 410 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default You have not specified a valid user name. 1137 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default You have not specified a valid user name. 1842 2004-06-29T12:23:16Z MediaWiki default You have not specified a valid user name. 3133 2004-12-23T04:21:25Z MediaWiki default You have not specified a valid user name. 3714 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default You have not specified a valid user name. MediaWiki:Loginsuccesstitle 143 sysop 312 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Login successful 1039 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Login successful 1742 2004-06-29T12:22:49Z MediaWiki default Login successful 3018 2004-12-23T04:21:11Z MediaWiki default Login successful 3715 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Login successful MediaWiki:Loginsuccess 144 sysop 311 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default You are now logged in to MediaWiki as "$1". 1038 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default You are now logged in to Wikipedia as "$1". 1741 2004-06-29T12:22:49Z MediaWiki default You are now logged in to Wikipedia as "$1". 3017 2004-12-23T04:21:11Z MediaWiki default You are now logged in to {{SITENAME}} as "$1". 3716 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default You are now logged in to {{SITENAME}} as "$1". 7090 2005-12-02T02:29:54Z MediaWiki default '''You are now logged in to {{SITENAME}} as "$1".''' MediaWiki:Nosuchuser 145 sysop 416 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default There is no user by the name "$1". Check your spelling, or use the form below to create a new user account. 1143 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default There is no user by the name "$1". Check your spelling, or use the form below to create a new user account. 1848 2004-06-29T12:23:17Z MediaWiki default There is no user by the name "$1". Check your spelling, or use the form below to create a new user account. 3140 2004-12-23T04:21:26Z MediaWiki default There is no user by the name "$1". Check your spelling, or use the form below to create a new user account. 3717 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default There is no user by the name "$1". Check your spelling, or use the form below to create a new user account. 7097 2005-12-02T02:29:55Z MediaWiki default There is no user by the name "$1". Check your spelling, or create a new account. MediaWiki:Wrongpassword 146 sysop 757 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default The password you entered is incorrect. Please try again. 1445 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default The password you entered is incorrect. Please try again. 2153 2004-06-29T12:24:24Z MediaWiki default The password you entered is incorrect. Please try again. 3561 2004-12-23T04:22:11Z MediaWiki default The password you entered is incorrect. Please try again. 3718 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default The password you entered is incorrect. Please try again. 5201 2005-07-03T13:06:27Z MediaWiki default The password you entered is incorrect (or missing). Please try again. 7116 2005-12-02T02:29:57Z MediaWiki default Incorrect password entered. Please try again. MediaWiki:Mailmypassword 147 sysop 320 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Mail me a new password 1047 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Mail me a new password 1750 2004-06-29T12:22:50Z MediaWiki default Mail me a new password 3025 2004-12-23T04:21:12Z MediaWiki default Mail me a new password 3719 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Mail me a new password 7092 2005-12-02T02:29:54Z MediaWiki default E-mail password MediaWiki:Passwordremindertitle 148 sysop 449 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Password reminder from MediaWiki 1176 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Password reminder from Wikipedia 1882 2004-06-29T12:23:21Z MediaWiki default Password reminder from Wikipedia 3179 2004-12-23T04:21:30Z MediaWiki default Password reminder from {{SITENAME}} 3720 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Password reminder from {{SITENAME}} MediaWiki:Passwordremindertext 149 sysop 448 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Someone (probably you, from IP address $1) requested that we send you a new MediaWiki login password. The password for user "$2" is now "$3". You should log in and change your password now. 1175 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Someone (probably you, from IP address $1) requested that we send you a new Wikipedia login password. The password for user "$2" is now "$3". You should log in and change your password now. 1881 2004-06-29T12:23:21Z MediaWiki default Someone (probably you, from IP address $1) requested that we send you a new Wikipedia login password. The password for user "$2" is now "$3". You should log in and change your password now. 3178 2004-12-23T04:21:30Z MediaWiki default Someone (probably you, from IP address $1) requested that we send you a new {{SITENAME}} login password. The password for user "$2" is now "$3". You should log in and change your password now. 3721 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Someone (probably you, from IP address $1) requested that we send you a new {{SITENAME}} login password. The password for user "$2" is now "$3". You should log in and change your password now. 6128 2005-09-05T09:37:07Z MediaWiki default Someone (probably you, from IP address $1) requested that we send you a new {{SITENAME}} login password for {{SERVERNAME}}. The password for user "$2" is now "$3". You should log in and change your password now. If someone else made this request or if you have remembered your password and you no longer wish to change it, you may ignore this message and continue using your old password. 8609 2006-07-01T18:57:58Z MediaWiki default Someone (probably you, from IP address $1) requested that we send you a new password for {{SITENAME}} ($4). The password for user "$2" is now "$3". You should log in and change your password now. If someone else made this request or if you have remembered your password and you no longer wish to change it, you may ignore this message and continue using your old password. MediaWiki:Noemail 150 sysop 403 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default There is no e-mail address recorded for user "$1". 1130 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default There is no e-mail address recorded for user "$1". 1835 2004-06-29T12:23:16Z MediaWiki default There is no e-mail address recorded for user "$1". 3125 2004-12-23T04:21:25Z MediaWiki default There is no e-mail address recorded for user "$1". 3722 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default There is no e-mail address recorded for user "$1". MediaWiki:Passwordsent 151 sysop 450 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default A new password has been sent to the e-mail address registered for "$1". Please log in again after you receive it. 1177 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default A new password has been sent to the e-mail address registered for "$1". Please log in again after you receive it. 1883 2004-06-29T12:23:21Z MediaWiki default A new password has been sent to the e-mail address registered for "$1". Please log in again after you receive it. 3180 2004-12-23T04:21:30Z MediaWiki default A new password has been sent to the e-mail address registered for "$1". Please log in again after you receive it. 3723 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default A new password has been sent to the e-mail address registered for "$1". Please log in again after you receive it. MediaWiki:Loginend 152 sysop 304 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default &nbsp; 1031 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default &nbsp; 1734 2004-06-29T12:22:48Z MediaWiki default &nbsp; 3010 2004-12-23T04:21:08Z MediaWiki default &nbsp; 3724 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default &nbsp; 7089 2005-12-02T02:29:54Z MediaWiki default MediaWiki:Bold sample 153 sysop 96 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Bold text 823 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Bold text 1523 2004-06-29T12:22:09Z MediaWiki default Bold text 2782 2004-12-23T04:20:22Z MediaWiki default Bold text 3725 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Bold text MediaWiki:Bold tip 154 sysop 97 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Bold text 824 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Bold text 1524 2004-06-29T12:22:09Z MediaWiki default Bold text 2783 2004-12-23T04:20:22Z MediaWiki default Bold text 3726 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Bold text MediaWiki:Italic sample 155 sysop 277 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Italic text 1004 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Italic text 1706 2004-06-29T12:22:45Z MediaWiki default Italic text 2981 2004-12-23T04:21:00Z MediaWiki default Italic text 3727 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Italic text MediaWiki:Italic tip 156 sysop 278 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Italic text 1005 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Italic text 1707 2004-06-29T12:22:45Z MediaWiki default Italic text 2982 2004-12-23T04:21:02Z MediaWiki default Italic text 3728 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Italic text MediaWiki:Link sample 157 sysop 285 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Link title 1012 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Link title 1714 2004-06-29T12:22:46Z MediaWiki default Link title 2989 2004-12-23T04:21:03Z MediaWiki default Link title 3729 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Link title MediaWiki:Link tip 158 sysop 286 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Internal link 1013 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Internal link 1715 2004-06-29T12:22:46Z MediaWiki default Internal link 2990 2004-12-23T04:21:03Z MediaWiki default Internal link 3730 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Internal link MediaWiki:Extlink sample 159 sysop 209 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default http://www.example.com link title 936 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default http://www.example.com link title 1637 2004-06-29T12:22:37Z MediaWiki default http://www.example.com link title 2907 2004-12-23T04:20:43Z MediaWiki default http://www.example.com link title 3731 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default http://www.example.com link title MediaWiki:Extlink tip 160 sysop 210 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default External link (remember http:// prefix) 937 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default External link (remember http:// prefix) 1638 2004-06-29T12:22:37Z MediaWiki default External link (remember http:// prefix) 2908 2004-12-23T04:20:43Z MediaWiki default External link (remember http:// prefix) 3732 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default External link (remember http:// prefix) MediaWiki:Headline sample 161 sysop 229 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Headline text 956 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Headline text 1657 2004-06-29T12:22:39Z MediaWiki default Headline text 2930 2004-12-23T04:20:48Z MediaWiki default Headline text 3733 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Headline text MediaWiki:Headline tip 162 sysop 230 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Level 2 headline 957 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Level 2 headline 1658 2004-06-29T12:22:39Z MediaWiki default Level 2 headline 2931 2004-12-23T04:20:49Z MediaWiki default Level 2 headline 3734 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Level 2 headline MediaWiki:Math sample 163 sysop 344 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Insert formula here 1071 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Insert formula here 1774 2004-06-29T12:23:00Z MediaWiki default Insert formula here 3054 2004-12-23T04:21:18Z MediaWiki default Insert formula here 3735 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Insert formula here MediaWiki:Math tip 164 sysop 346 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Mathematical formula (LaTeX) 1073 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Mathematical formula (LaTeX) 1776 2004-06-29T12:23:02Z MediaWiki default Mathematical formula (LaTeX) 3056 2004-12-23T04:21:18Z MediaWiki default Mathematical formula (LaTeX) 3736 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Mathematical formula (LaTeX) MediaWiki:Nowiki sample 165 sysop 426 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Insert non-formatted text here 1153 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Insert non-formatted text here 1858 2004-06-29T12:23:18Z MediaWiki default Insert non-formatted text here 3152 2004-12-23T04:21:26Z MediaWiki default Insert non-formatted text here 3737 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Insert non-formatted text here MediaWiki:Nowiki tip 166 sysop 427 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Ignore wiki formatting 1154 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Ignore wiki formatting 1859 2004-06-29T12:23:18Z MediaWiki default Ignore wiki formatting 3153 2004-12-23T04:21:27Z MediaWiki default Ignore wiki formatting 3738 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Ignore wiki formatting MediaWiki:Image sample 167 sysop 244 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Example.jpg 971 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Example.jpg 1673 2004-06-29T12:22:41Z MediaWiki default Example.jpg 2945 2004-12-23T04:20:51Z MediaWiki default Example.jpg 3739 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Example.jpg MediaWiki:Image tip 168 sysop 245 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Embedded image 972 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Embedded image 1674 2004-06-29T12:22:41Z MediaWiki default Embedded image 2946 2004-12-23T04:20:52Z MediaWiki default Embedded image 3740 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Embedded image MediaWiki:Media sample 169 sysop 349 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Example.mp3 1076 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Example.mp3 1779 2004-06-29T12:23:05Z MediaWiki default Example.mp3 3059 2004-12-23T04:21:18Z MediaWiki default Example.mp3 3741 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Example.mp3 5064 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default Example.ogg MediaWiki:Media tip 170 sysop 350 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Media file link 1077 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Media file link 1780 2004-06-29T12:23:06Z MediaWiki default Media file link 3060 2004-12-23T04:21:18Z MediaWiki default Media file link 3742 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Media file link MediaWiki:Sig tip 171 sysop 578 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Your signature with timestamp 1305 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Your signature with timestamp 2009 2004-06-29T12:23:56Z MediaWiki default Your signature with timestamp 3317 2004-12-23T04:21:59Z MediaWiki default Your signature with timestamp 3743 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Your signature with timestamp MediaWiki:Hr tip 172 sysop 240 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Horizontal line (use sparingly) 967 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Horizontal line (use sparingly) 1669 2004-06-29T12:22:41Z MediaWiki default Horizontal line (use sparingly) 2940 2004-12-23T04:20:50Z MediaWiki default Horizontal line (use sparingly) 3744 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Horizontal line (use sparingly) MediaWiki:Infobox 173 sysop 262 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Click a button to get an example text 989 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Click a button to get an example text 1691 2004-06-29T12:22:43Z MediaWiki default Click a button to get an example text 2965 2004-12-23T04:20:57Z MediaWiki default Click a button to get an example text 3745 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Click a button to get an example text MediaWiki:Summary 174 sysop 599 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Summary 1326 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Summary 2033 2004-06-29T12:23:58Z MediaWiki default Summary 3381 2004-12-23T04:22:00Z MediaWiki default Summary 3746 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Summary MediaWiki:Subject 175 sysop 596 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Subject/headline 1323 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Subject/headline 2030 2004-06-29T12:23:58Z MediaWiki default Subject/headline 3378 2004-12-23T04:22:00Z MediaWiki default Subject/headline 3747 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Subject/headline MediaWiki:Minoredit 176 sysop 352 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default This is a minor edit 1079 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default This is a minor edit 1782 2004-06-29T12:23:06Z MediaWiki default This is a minor edit 3062 2004-12-23T04:21:18Z MediaWiki default This is a minor edit 3748 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default This is a minor edit 5068 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default This is a minor edit. 5793 2005-07-29T10:52:03Z MediaWiki default This is a minor edit MediaWiki:Watchthis 177 sysop 741 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Watch this article 1429 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Watch this page 2137 2004-06-29T12:24:21Z MediaWiki default Watch this page 3545 2004-12-23T04:22:08Z MediaWiki default Watch this page 3749 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Watch this page 6349 2005-09-27T16:50:13Z Bombo 12 Kobáta lonkásá óyo MediaWiki:Savearticle 178 sysop 547 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Save page 1274 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Save page 1981 2004-06-29T12:23:48Z MediaWiki default Save page 2529 2004-12-23T04:21:52Z MediaWiki default Save page 3750 2005-04-02T16:13:17Z Bombo 12 kokósoli / enrégistrer 6234 2005-09-15T12:19:02Z Bombo 12 kokósoli 6501 2005-10-14T11:02:36Z Bombo 12 kobíkisa ekakoli 8061 2006-04-25T09:38:23Z Bombo 12 kobíkisa > kobómbisa (educ-rdc.org) kobómbisa ekakoli MediaWiki:Preview 179 sysop 471 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Preview 1198 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Preview 1904 2004-06-29T12:23:25Z MediaWiki default Preview 3201 2004-12-23T04:21:32Z MediaWiki default Preview 3751 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Preview MediaWiki:Showpreview 180 sysop 576 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Show preview 1303 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Show preview 2007 2004-06-29T12:23:56Z MediaWiki default Show preview 3315 2004-12-23T04:21:59Z MediaWiki default Show preview 3752 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Show preview MediaWiki:Blockedtitle 181 sysop 86 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default User is blocked 813 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default User is blocked 1513 2004-06-29T12:22:06Z MediaWiki default User is blocked 2771 2004-12-23T04:20:21Z MediaWiki default User is blocked 3753 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default User is blocked MediaWiki:Blockedtext 182 sysop 85 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Your user name or IP address has been blocked by $1. The reason given is this:<br />''$2''<p>You may contact $1 or one of the other [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrators]] to discuss the block. Note that you may not use the "email this user" feature unless you have a valid email address registered in your [[Special:Preferences|user preferences]]. Your IP address is $3. Please include this address in any queries you make. 812 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Your user name or IP address has been blocked by $1. The reason given is this:<br />''$2''<p>You may contact $1 or one of the other [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrators]] to discuss the block. Note that you may not use the "email this user" feature unless you have a valid email address registered in your [[Special:Preferences|user preferences]]. Your IP address is $3. Please include this address in any queries you make. 1512 2004-06-29T12:22:05Z MediaWiki default Your user name or IP address has been blocked by $1. The reason given is this:<br />''$2''<p>You may contact $1 or one of the other [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrators]] to discuss the block. Note that you may not use the "email this user" feature unless you have a valid email address registered in your [[Special:Preferences|user preferences]]. Your IP address is $3. Please include this address in any queries you make. 2770 2004-12-23T04:20:20Z MediaWiki default Your user name or IP address has been blocked by $1. The reason given is this:<br />''$2''<p>You may contact $1 or one of the other [[Project:Administrators|administrators]] to discuss the block. Note that you may not use the "email this user" feature unless you have a valid email address registered in your [[Special:Preferences|user preferences]]. Your IP address is $3. Please include this address in any queries you make. 3754 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Your user name or IP address has been blocked by $1. The reason given is this:<br />''$2''<p>You may contact $1 or one of the other [[Project:Administrators|administrators]] to discuss the block. Note that you may not use the "email this user" feature unless you have a valid email address registered in your [[Special:Preferences|user preferences]]. Your IP address is $3. Please include this address in any queries you make. 6538 2005-10-18T12:18:32Z Bombo 12 mokánda Your user name or IP address has been blocked by $1. The reason given is this:<br />''$2''<p>You may contact $1 or one of the other [[Project:Administrators|administrators]] to discuss the block. Note that you may not use the "email this user" feature unless you have a valid mokánda address registered in your [[Special:Preferences|user preferences]]. Your IP address is $3. Please include this address in any queries you make. MediaWiki:Whitelistedittitle 183 sysop 748 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Login required to edit 1436 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Login required to edit 2144 2004-06-29T12:24:23Z MediaWiki default Login required to edit 3552 2004-12-23T04:22:08Z MediaWiki default Login required to edit 3755 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Login required to edit MediaWiki:Whitelistedittext 184 sysop 747 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default You have to [[Special:Userlogin|login]] to edit articles. 1435 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default You have to [[Special:Userlogin|login]] to edit pages. 2143 2004-06-29T12:24:23Z MediaWiki default You have to [[Special:Userlogin|login]] to edit pages. 3551 2004-12-23T04:22:08Z MediaWiki default You have to [[Special:Userlogin|login]] to edit pages. 3756 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default You have to [[Special:Userlogin|login]] to edit pages. 8678 2006-07-01T18:57:59Z MediaWiki default You have to $1 to edit pages. MediaWiki:Whitelistreadtitle 185 sysop 750 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Login required to read 1438 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Login required to read 2146 2004-06-29T12:24:24Z MediaWiki default Login required to read 3554 2004-12-23T04:22:10Z MediaWiki default Login required to read 3757 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Login required to read MediaWiki:Whitelistreadtext 186 sysop 749 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default You have to [[Special:Userlogin|login]] to read articles. 1437 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default You have to [[Special:Userlogin|login]] to read pages. 2145 2004-06-29T12:24:23Z MediaWiki default You have to [[Special:Userlogin|login]] to read pages. 3553 2004-12-23T04:22:08Z MediaWiki default You have to [[Special:Userlogin|login]] to read pages. 3758 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default You have to [[Special:Userlogin|login]] to read pages. MediaWiki:Whitelistacctitle 187 sysop 746 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default You are not allowed to create an account 1434 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default You are not allowed to create an account 2142 2004-06-29T12:24:22Z MediaWiki default You are not allowed to create an account 3550 2004-12-23T04:22:08Z MediaWiki default You are not allowed to create an account 3759 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default You are not allowed to create an account MediaWiki:Whitelistacctext 188 sysop 745 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default To be allowed to create accounts in this Wiki you have to [[Special:Userlogin|log]] in and have the appropriate permissions. 1433 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default To be allowed to create accounts in this Wiki you have to [[Special:Userlogin|log]] in and have the appropriate permissions. 2141 2004-06-29T12:24:22Z MediaWiki default To be allowed to create accounts in this Wiki you have to [[Special:Userlogin|log]] in and have the appropriate permissions. 3549 2004-12-23T04:22:08Z MediaWiki default To be allowed to create accounts in this Wiki you have to [[Special:Userlogin|log]] in and have the appropriate permissions. 3760 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default To be allowed to create accounts in this Wiki you have to [[Special:Userlogin|log]] in and have the appropriate permissions. MediaWiki:Accmailtitle 189 sysop 50 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Password sent. 777 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Password sent. 1476 2004-06-29T12:21:59Z MediaWiki default Password sent. 2722 2004-12-23T04:20:14Z MediaWiki default Password sent. 3761 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Password sent. MediaWiki:Accmailtext 190 sysop 49 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default The Password for '$1' has been sent to $2. 776 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default The Password for '$1' has been sent to $2. 1475 2004-06-29T12:21:59Z MediaWiki default The Password for '$1' has been sent to $2. 2721 2004-12-23T04:20:14Z MediaWiki default The Password for '$1' has been sent to $2. 3762 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default The Password for '$1' has been sent to $2. 5764 2005-07-29T10:52:01Z MediaWiki default The password for '$1' has been sent to $2. 7415 2005-12-22T07:25:01Z MediaWiki default The password for "$1" has been sent to $2. MediaWiki:Newarticle 191 sysop 380 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default (New) 1107 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default (New) 1810 2004-06-29T12:23:10Z MediaWiki default (New) 3095 2004-12-23T04:21:22Z MediaWiki default (New) 3763 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default (New) MediaWiki:Newarticletext 192 sysop 381 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default You've followed a link to a page that doesn't exist yet. To create the page, start typing in the box below (see the [[Wikipedia:Help|help page]] for more info). If you are here by mistake, just click your browser's '''back''' button. 1108 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default You've followed a link to a page that doesn't exist yet. To create the page, start typing in the box below (see the [[Wikipedia:Help|help page]] for more info). If you are here by mistake, just click your browser's '''back''' button. 1811 2004-06-29T12:23:10Z MediaWiki default You've followed a link to a page that doesn't exist yet. To create the page, start typing in the box below (see the [[Wikipedia:Help|help page]] for more info). If you are here by mistake, just click your browser's '''back''' button. 3096 2004-12-23T04:21:22Z MediaWiki default You've followed a link to a page that doesn't exist yet. To create the page, start typing in the box below (see the [[Project:Help|help page]] for more info). If you are here by mistake, just click your browser's '''back''' button. 3764 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default You've followed a link to a page that doesn't exist yet. To create the page, start typing in the box below (see the [[Project:Help|help page]] for more info). If you are here by mistake, just click your browser's '''back''' button. 8598 2006-07-01T18:57:58Z MediaWiki default You've followed a link to a page that doesn't exist yet. To create the page, start typing in the box below (see the [[{{ns:help}}:Contents|help page]] for more info). If you are here by mistake, just click your browser's '''back''' button. MediaWiki:Anontalkpagetext 193 sysop 67 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default ----''This is the discussion page for an anonymous user who has not created an account yet or who does not use it. We therefore have to use the numerical [[IP address]] to identify him/her. Such an IP address can be shared by several users. If you are an anonymous user and feel that irrelevant comments have been directed at you, please [[Special:Userlogin|create an account or log in]] to avoid future confusion with other anonymous users.'' 794 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default ----''This is the discussion page for an anonymous user who has not created an account yet or who does not use it. We therefore have to use the numerical [[IP address]] to identify him/her. Such an IP address can be shared by several users. If you are an anonymous user and feel that irrelevant comments have been directed at you, please [[Special:Userlogin|create an account or log in]] to avoid future confusion with other anonymous users.'' 1494 2004-06-29T12:22:01Z MediaWiki default ----''This is the discussion page for an anonymous user who has not created an account yet or who does not use it. We therefore have to use the numerical [[IP address]] to identify him/her. Such an IP address can be shared by several users. If you are an anonymous user and feel that irrelevant comments have been directed at you, please [[Special:Userlogin|create an account or log in]] to avoid future confusion with other anonymous users.'' 2748 2004-12-23T04:20:17Z MediaWiki default ----''This is the discussion page for an anonymous user who has not created an account yet or who does not use it. We therefore have to use the numerical [[IP address]] to identify him/her. Such an IP address can be shared by several users. If you are an anonymous user and feel that irrelevant comments have been directed at you, please [[Special:Userlogin|create an account or log in]] to avoid future confusion with other anonymous users.'' 3765 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default ----''This is the discussion page for an anonymous user who has not created an account yet or who does not use it. We therefore have to use the numerical [[IP address]] to identify him/her. Such an IP address can be shared by several users. If you are an anonymous user and feel that irrelevant comments have been directed at you, please [[Special:Userlogin|create an account or log in]] to avoid future confusion with other anonymous users.'' 7739 2006-02-26T01:55:29Z MediaWiki default ----''This is the discussion page for an anonymous user who has not created an account yet or who does not use it. We therefore have to use the numerical [[IP address]] to identify him/her. Such an IP address can be shared by several users. If you are an anonymous user and feel that irrelevant comments have been directed at you, please [[Special:Userlogin|create an account or log in]] to avoid future confusion with other anonymous users.'' 8527 2006-07-01T18:57:57Z MediaWiki default ----''This is the discussion page for an anonymous user who has not created an account yet or who does not use it. We therefore have to use the numerical IP address to identify him/her. Such an IP address can be shared by several users. If you are an anonymous user and feel that irrelevant comments have been directed at you, please [[Special:Userlogin|create an account or log in]] to avoid future confusion with other anonymous users.'' MediaWiki:Noarticletext 194 sysop 394 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default (There is currently no text in this page) 1121 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default (There is currently no text in this page) 1825 2004-06-29T12:23:13Z MediaWiki default (There is currently no text in this page) 3115 2004-12-23T04:21:23Z MediaWiki default (There is currently no text in this page) 3766 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default (There is currently no text in this page) 6838 2005-11-09T22:45:14Z MediaWiki default There is currently no text in this page, you can [[{{ns:special}}:Search/{{PAGENAME}}|search for this page title]] in other pages or [{{fullurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} edit this page]. 8601 2006-07-01T18:57:58Z MediaWiki default There is currently no text in this page, you can [[{{ns:special}}:Search/{{PAGENAME}}|search for this page title]] in other pages or [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} edit this page]. MediaWiki:Updated 195 sysop 696 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default (Updated) 1385 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default (Updated) 2092 2004-06-29T12:24:16Z MediaWiki default (Updated) 3463 2004-12-23T04:22:04Z MediaWiki default (Updated) 3767 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default (Updated) MediaWiki:Note 196 sysop 421 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default <strong>Note:</strong> 1148 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default <strong>Note:</strong> 1853 2004-06-29T12:23:17Z MediaWiki default <strong>Note:</strong> 3146 2004-12-23T04:21:26Z MediaWiki default <strong>Note:</strong> 3768 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default <strong>Note:</strong> 7759 2006-02-26T01:55:30Z MediaWiki default <strong>Note:</strong> MediaWiki:Previewnote 197 sysop 473 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Remember that this is only a preview, and has not yet been saved! 1200 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Remember that this is only a preview, and has not yet been saved! 1906 2004-06-29T12:23:25Z MediaWiki default Remember that this is only a preview, and has not yet been saved! 3203 2004-12-23T04:21:32Z MediaWiki default Remember that this is only a preview, and has not yet been saved! 3769 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Remember that this is only a preview, and has not yet been saved! 6845 2005-11-09T22:45:16Z MediaWiki default <strong>This is only a preview; changes have not yet been saved!</strong> MediaWiki:Previewconflict 198 sysop 472 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default This preview reflects the text in the upper text editing area as it will appear if you choose to save. 1199 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default This preview reflects the text in the upper text editing area as it will appear if you choose to save. 1905 2004-06-29T12:23:25Z MediaWiki default This preview reflects the text in the upper text editing area as it will appear if you choose to save. 3202 2004-12-23T04:21:32Z MediaWiki default This preview reflects the text in the upper text editing area as it will appear if you choose to save. 3770 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default This preview reflects the text in the upper text editing area as it will appear if you choose to save. 8617 2006-07-01T18:57:58Z MediaWiki default This preview reflects the text in the upper text editing area as it will appear if you choose to save. MediaWiki:Editing 199 sysop 183 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Editing $1 910 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Editing $1 1611 2004-06-29T12:22:32Z MediaWiki default Editing $1 2878 2004-12-23T04:20:41Z MediaWiki default Editing $1 3771 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Editing $1 8778 2006-07-03T14:47:57Z Bombo 12 Kobalusa $1 MediaWiki:Sectionedit 200 sysop 559 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default (section) 1286 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default (section) 3772 2004-06-29T12:23:52Z MediaWiki default (section) MediaWiki:Commentedit 201 sysop 121 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default (comment) 848 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default (comment) 3773 2004-06-29T12:22:12Z MediaWiki default (comment) MediaWiki:Editconflict 202 sysop 179 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Edit conflict: $1 906 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Edit conflict: $1 1607 2004-06-29T12:22:30Z MediaWiki default Edit conflict: $1 2873 2004-12-23T04:20:39Z MediaWiki default Edit conflict: $1 3774 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Edit conflict: $1 MediaWiki:Explainconflict 203 sysop 205 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Someone else has changed this page since you started editing it. The upper text area contains the page text as it currently exists. Your changes are shown in the lower text area. You will have to merge your changes into the existing text. <b>Only</b> the text in the upper text area will be saved when you press "Save page". <p> 932 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Someone else has changed this page since you started editing it. The upper text area contains the page text as it currently exists. Your changes are shown in the lower text area. You will have to merge your changes into the existing text. <b>Only</b> the text in the upper text area will be saved when you press "Save page". <p> 1633 2004-06-29T12:22:36Z MediaWiki default Someone else has changed this page since you started editing it. The upper text area contains the page text as it currently exists. Your changes are shown in the lower text area. You will have to merge your changes into the existing text. <b>Only</b> the text in the upper text area will be saved when you press "Save page". <p> 2903 2004-12-23T04:20:43Z MediaWiki default Someone else has changed this page since you started editing it. The upper text area contains the page text as it currently exists. Your changes are shown in the lower text area. You will have to merge your changes into the existing text. <b>Only</b> the text in the upper text area will be saved when you press "Save page". <p> 3775 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Someone else has changed this page since you started editing it. The upper text area contains the page text as it currently exists. Your changes are shown in the lower text area. You will have to merge your changes into the existing text. <b>Only</b> the text in the upper text area will be saved when you press "Save page". <p> 5008 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Someone else has changed this page since you started editing it. The upper text area contains the page text as it currently exists. Your changes are shown in the lower text area. You will have to merge your changes into the existing text. <b>Only</b> the text in the upper text area will be saved when you press "Save page".<br /> 7417 2005-12-22T07:25:03Z MediaWiki default Someone else has changed this page since you started editing it. The upper text area contains the page text as it currently exists. Your changes are shown in the lower text area. You will have to merge your changes into the existing text. <b>Only</b> the text in the upper text area will be saved when you press "Save page".<br /> MediaWiki:Yourtext 204 sysop 765 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Your text 1453 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Your text 2161 2004-06-29T12:24:25Z MediaWiki default Your text 3570 2004-12-23T04:22:13Z MediaWiki default Your text 3776 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Your text 6346 2005-09-27T16:46:35Z Bombo 12 nkomá na yɔ̌ 6348 2005-09-27T16:49:05Z Bombo 12 Nkomá na yɔ̌ MediaWiki:Storedversion 205 sysop 593 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Stored version 1320 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Stored version 2026 2004-06-29T12:23:58Z MediaWiki default Stored version 3373 2004-12-23T04:22:00Z MediaWiki default Stored version 3777 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Stored version MediaWiki:Editingold 206 sysop 184 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default <strong>WARNING: You are editing an out-of-date revision of this page. If you save it, any changes made since this revision will be lost.</strong> 911 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default <strong>WARNING: You are editing an out-of-date revision of this page. If you save it, any changes made since this revision will be lost.</strong> 1612 2004-06-29T12:22:33Z MediaWiki default <strong>WARNING: You are editing an out-of-date revision of this page. If you save it, any changes made since this revision will be lost.</strong>\n 2880 2004-12-23T04:20:41Z MediaWiki default <strong>WARNING: You are editing an out-of-date revision of this page. If you save it, any changes made since this revision will be lost.</strong> 3778 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default <strong>WARNING: You are editing an out-of-date revision of this page. If you save it, any changes made since this revision will be lost.</strong> 4759 2005-07-03T13:06:22Z MediaWiki default <strong>WARNING: You are editing an out-of-date revision of this page. If you save it, any changes made since this revision will be lost.</strong> MediaWiki:Yourdiff 207 sysop 758 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Differences 1446 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Differences 2154 2004-06-29T12:24:25Z MediaWiki default Differences 3562 2004-12-23T04:22:11Z MediaWiki default Differences 3779 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Differences MediaWiki:Copyrightwarning 208 sysop 139 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Please note that all contributions to MediaWiki are considered to be released under the GNU Free Documentation License (see $1 for details). If you don't want your writing to be edited mercilessly and redistributed at will, then don't submit it here.<br /> You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource. <strong>DO NOT SUBMIT COPYRIGHTED WORK WITHOUT PERMISSION!</strong> 866 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Please note that all contributions to Wikipedia are considered to be released under the GNU Free Documentation License (see $1 for details). If you don't want your writing to be edited mercilessly and redistributed at will, then don't submit it here.<br /> You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource. <strong>DO NOT SUBMIT COPYRIGHTED WORK WITHOUT PERMISSION!</strong> 1567 2004-06-29T12:22:14Z MediaWiki default Please note that all contributions to Wikipedia are considered to be released under the GNU Free Documentation License (see $1 for details). If you don't want your writing to be edited mercilessly and redistributed at will, then don't submit it here.<br /> You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource. <strong>DO NOT SUBMIT COPYRIGHTED WORK WITHOUT PERMISSION!</strong> 2428 2004-12-23T04:20:28Z MediaWiki default Please note that all contributions to {{SITENAME}} are considered to be released under the $2 (see $1 for details). If you don't want your writing to be edited mercilessly and redistributed at will, then don't submit it here.<br /> You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource. <strong>DO NOT SUBMIT COPYRIGHTED WORK WITHOUT PERMISSION!</strong> 2429 2005-03-16T00:13:53Z Bombo 12 <div class="plainlinks" style="margin-top:1px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#aaaaaa;padding:2px;"> Caractères spéciaux : <charinsert> à À á </charinsert> · <charinsert> € é É ê Ê è È </charinsert> · <charinsert> ɛ ɛ́ </charinsert> · <charinsert> í </charinsert> · <charinsert> ó ɔ ɔ́ </charinsert> · <charinsert> ù Ù ú </charinsert> · <charinsert> ç Ç </charinsert> · <charinsert> — – ’ | … ~ </charinsert> · <charinsert> ¹ ² ³ ½ </charinsert>· <charinsert>„+“ → «+» – † ß</charinsert> · <charinsert> ʃ ʒ ŋ </charinsert> · <charinsert><nowiki>&amp;nbsp;</nowiki> «+» “+” [[+]] | {{+}} <nowiki>--~~~~</nowiki></charinsert> </div> <div style="border-width:2px; background-color:#ffeedd; border-style:solid; border-color:#0000bb; padding:6px"> Toutes les contributions à Wikipédia sont considérées comme publiées sous les termes de la GNU Free Documentation Licence, une licence de documentation libre (Voir $1 pour plus de détails). Si vous ne désirez pas que vos écrits soient modifiés et distribués à volonté, ne les envoyez pas. De même, merci de ne contribuer qu'en apportant vos propres écrits ou des écrits issus d'une source libre de droits. <b>N'UTILISEZ PAS DE TRAVAUX SOUS COPYRIGHT SANS AUTORISATION EXPRESSE&nbsp;!</b> </div> 3780 2005-03-16T00:17:37Z Bombo 12 <div class="plainlinks" style="margin-top:1px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#aaaaaa;padding:2px;"> Caractères spéciaux : <charinsert> à À á </charinsert> · <charinsert> € é É ê Ê è È </charinsert> · <charinsert> ɛ ɛ́ </charinsert> · <charinsert> í </charinsert> · <charinsert> ó ɔ ɔ́ </charinsert> · <charinsert> ù Ù ú </charinsert> · <charinsert> ç Ç </charinsert> · <charinsert> — – ’ | … ~ </charinsert> · <charinsert> ¹ ² ³ ½ </charinsert>· <charinsert>„+“ → «+» – † ß</charinsert> · <charinsert> ʃ ʒ ŋ </charinsert> · <charinsert><nowiki>&amp;nbsp;</nowiki> «+» “+” [[+]] | {{+}} <nowiki>--~~~~</nowiki></charinsert> </div> <div style="border-width:2px; background-color:#ffeedd; border-style:solid; border-color:#0000bb; padding:6px"> Toutes les contributions à Wikipédia sont considérées comme publiées sous les termes de la [[Wikipedia:GNU_Free_Document_License|GNU Free Documentation Licence]], une licence de documentation libre. Si vous ne désirez pas que vos écrits soient modifiés et distribués à volonté, ne les envoyez pas. De même, merci de ne contribuer qu'en apportant vos propres écrits ou des écrits issus d'une source libre de droits. <b>N'UTILISEZ PAS DE TRAVAUX SOUS COPYRIGHT SANS AUTORISATION EXPRESSE&nbsp;!</b> </div> 6947 2005-11-21T06:31:30Z Moyogo 11 <div class="plainlinks" style="margin-top:1px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#aaaaaa;padding:2px;"> Caractères spéciaux : <charinsert> á Á ǎ Ǎ â Â</charinsert> · <charinsert> € é É ě Ě ê Ê </charinsert> · <charinsert> ɛ Ɛ ɛ́ Ɛ́ ɛ̌ Ɛ̌ ɛ̂ Ɛ̂ </charinsert> · <charinsert> í Í ǐ Ǐ î Î </charinsert> · <charinsert> ó Ó ǒ Ǒ ô Ô</charinsert> · <charinsert> ɔ Ɔ ɔ́ Ɔ́ ɔ̌ Ɔ̌ ɔ̂ Ɔ̂</charinsert> · <charinsert> ú Ú ǔ Ǔ û Û</charinsert> · <charinsert> — – ’ | … ~ </charinsert> · <charinsert> ¹ ² ³ ½ </charinsert>· <charinsert>→ – † </charinsert> · <charinsert><nowiki>&amp;nbsp;</nowiki> «+» “+” [[+]] | {{+}} <nowiki>--~~~~</nowiki></charinsert> </div> <div style="border-width:2px; background-color:#ffeedd; border-style:solid; border-color:#0000bb; padding:6px"> Toutes les contributions à Wikipédia sont considérées comme publiées sous les termes de la [[Wikipedia:GNU_Free_Document_License|GNU Free Documentation Licence]], une licence de documentation libre. Si vous ne désirez pas que vos écrits soient modifiés et distribués à volonté, ne les envoyez pas. De même, merci de ne contribuer qu'en apportant vos propres écrits ou des écrits issus d'une source libre de droits. <b>N'UTILISEZ PAS DE TRAVAUX SOUS COPYRIGHT SANS AUTORISATION EXPRESSE&nbsp;!</b> </div> 9310 2006-09-01T08:59:25Z Bombo 12 <div class="plainlinks" style="margin-top:1px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#aaaaaa;padding:2px;"> Caractères spéciaux : <charinsert> á Á ǎ Ǎ â Â</charinsert> · <charinsert> € é É ě Ě ê Ê </charinsert> · <charinsert> ɛ Ɛ ɛ́ Ɛ́ ɛ̌ Ɛ̌ ɛ̂ Ɛ̂ </charinsert> · <charinsert> í Í ǐ Ǐ î Î </charinsert> · <charinsert> ó Ó ǒ Ǒ ô Ô</charinsert> · <charinsert> ɔ Ɔ ɔ́ Ɔ́ ɔ̌ Ɔ̌ ɔ̂ Ɔ̂</charinsert> · <charinsert> ú Ú ǔ Ǔ û Û</charinsert> · <charinsert> — – ’ | … ~ </charinsert> · <charinsert> ¹ ² ³ ½ </charinsert>· <charinsert>→ – † </charinsert> · <charinsert><nowiki>&amp;nbsp;</nowiki> «+» “+” [[+]] | {{+}} <nowiki>--~~~~</nowiki></charinsert> <charinsert>[[Category:+]] <ref>+</ref> <references/></charinsert> </div> <div style="border-width:2px; background-color:#ffeedd; border-style:solid; border-color:#0000bb; padding:6px"> Toutes les contributions à Wikipédia sont considérées comme publiées sous les termes de la [[Wikipedia:GNU_Free_Document_License|GNU Free Documentation Licence]], une licence de documentation libre. Si vous ne désirez pas que vos écrits soient modifiés et distribués à volonté, ne les envoyez pas. De même, merci de ne contribuer qu'en apportant vos propres écrits ou des écrits issus d'une source libre de droits. <b>N'UTILISEZ PAS DE TRAVAUX SOUS COPYRIGHT SANS AUTORISATION EXPRESSE&nbsp;!</b> '''Sources:''' Vous pouvez mentionner vos sources directement dans le texte avec des notes en bas de page en les écrivant entre <nowiki><ref> et </ref></nowiki> et en ajoutant <nowiki><references/></nowiki> là où les notes devront être crées automatiquemet par Wikipedia. </div> MediaWiki:Longpagewarning 209 sysop 318 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default WARNING: This page is $1 kilobytes long; some browsers may have problems editing pages approaching or longer than 32kb. Please consider breaking the page into smaller sections. 1045 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default WARNING: This page is $1 kilobytes long; some browsers may have problems editing pages approaching or longer than 32kb. Please consider breaking the page into smaller sections. 1748 2004-06-29T12:22:50Z MediaWiki default WARNING: This page is $1 kilobytes long; some browsers may have problems editing pages approaching or longer than 32kb. Please consider breaking the page into smaller sections. 3023 2004-12-23T04:21:12Z MediaWiki default WARNING: This page is $1 kilobytes long; some browsers may have problems editing pages approaching or longer than 32kb. Please consider breaking the page into smaller sections. 3781 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default WARNING: This page is $1 kilobytes long; some browsers may have problems editing pages approaching or longer than 32kb. Please consider breaking the page into smaller sections. 5060 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default <strong>WARNING: This page is $1 kilobytes long; some browsers may have problems editing pages approaching or longer than 32kb. Please consider breaking the page into smaller sections.</strong> MediaWiki:Readonlywarning 210 sysop 514 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default WARNING: The database has been locked for maintenance, so you will not be able to save your edits right now. You may wish to cut-n-paste the text into a text file and save it for later. 1241 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default WARNING: The database has been locked for maintenance, so you will not be able to save your edits right now. You may wish to cut-n-paste the text into a text file and save it for later. 1948 2004-06-29T12:23:43Z MediaWiki default WARNING: The database has been locked for maintenance, so you will not be able to save your edits right now. You may wish to cut-n-paste the text into a text file and save it for later. 3251 2004-12-23T04:21:44Z MediaWiki default WARNING: The database has been locked for maintenance, so you will not be able to save your edits right now. You may wish to cut-n-paste the text into a text file and save it for later. 3782 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default WARNING: The database has been locked for maintenance, so you will not be able to save your edits right now. You may wish to cut-n-paste the text into a text file and save it for later. 5097 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default <strong>WARNING: The database has been locked for maintenance, so you will not be able to save your edits right now. You may wish to cut-n-paste the text into a text file and save it for later.</strong> MediaWiki:Protectedpagewarning 211 sysop 481 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default WARNING: This page has been locked so that only users with sysop privileges can edit it. Be sure you are following the <a href='/w/wiki.phtml/Wikipedia:Protected_page_guidelines'>protected page guidelines</a>. 1208 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default WARNING: This page has been locked so that only users with sysop privileges can edit it. Be sure you are following the <a href='/w/wiki.phtml/Wikipedia:Protected_page_guidelines'>protected page guidelines</a>. 1914 2004-06-29T12:23:27Z MediaWiki default WARNING: This page has been locked so that only users with sysop privileges can edit it. Be sure you are following the <a href='/w/wiki.phtml/Wikipedia:Protected_page_guidelines'>protected page guidelines</a>. 3213 2004-12-23T04:21:33Z MediaWiki default WARNING: This page has been locked so that only users with sysop privileges can edit it. Be sure you are following the <a href='/w/index.php/Project:Protected_page_guidelines'>protected page guidelines</a>. 3783 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default WARNING: This page has been locked so that only users with sysop privileges can edit it. Be sure you are following the <a href='/w/index.php/Project:Protected_page_guidelines'>protected page guidelines</a>. 5094 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default <strong>WARNING: This page has been locked so that only users with sysop privileges can edit it. Be sure you are following the [[Project:Protected_page_guidelines|protected page guidelines]].</strong> 8621 2006-07-01T18:57:58Z MediaWiki default <strong>WARNING: This page has been locked so that only users with sysop privileges can edit it.</strong> MediaWiki:Revhistory 212 sysop 536 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Revision history 1263 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Revision history 1970 2004-06-29T12:23:47Z MediaWiki default Revision history 3274 2004-12-23T04:21:49Z MediaWiki default Revision history 3784 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Revision history MediaWiki:Nohistory 213 sysop 407 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default There is no edit history for this page. 1134 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default There is no edit history for this page. 1839 2004-06-29T12:23:16Z MediaWiki default There is no edit history for this page. 3129 2004-12-23T04:21:25Z MediaWiki default There is no edit history for this page. 3785 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default There is no edit history for this page. MediaWiki:Revnotfound 214 sysop 538 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Revision not found 1265 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Revision not found 1972 2004-06-29T12:23:47Z MediaWiki default Revision not found 3277 2004-12-23T04:21:49Z MediaWiki default Revision not found 3786 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Revision not found MediaWiki:Revnotfoundtext 215 sysop 539 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default The old revision of the page you asked for could not be found. Please check the URL you used to access this page. 1266 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default The old revision of the page you asked for could not be found. Please check the URL you used to access this page. 1973 2004-06-29T12:23:47Z MediaWiki default The old revision of the page you asked for could not be found. Please check the URL you used to access this page. 3278 2004-12-23T04:21:49Z MediaWiki default The old revision of the page you asked for could not be found. Please check the URL you used to access this page. 3787 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default The old revision of the page you asked for could not be found. Please check the URL you used to access this page. 7432 2005-12-22T07:25:05Z MediaWiki default The old revision of the page you asked for could not be found. Please check the URL you used to access this page. MediaWiki:Loadhist 216 sysop 293 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Loading page history 1020 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Loading page history 1723 2004-06-29T12:22:47Z MediaWiki default Loading page history 2999 2004-12-23T04:21:05Z MediaWiki default Loading page history 3788 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Loading page history MediaWiki:Currentrev 217 sysop 145 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Current revision 872 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Current revision 1574 2004-06-29T12:22:15Z MediaWiki default Current revision 2834 2004-12-23T04:20:28Z MediaWiki default Current revision 3789 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Current revision MediaWiki:Revisionasof 218 sysop 537 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Revision as of $1 1264 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Revision as of $1 1971 2004-06-29T12:23:47Z MediaWiki default Revision as of $1 3275 2004-12-23T04:21:49Z MediaWiki default Revision as of $1 3790 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Revision as of $1 MediaWiki:Cur 219 sysop 143 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default cur 870 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default cur 1572 2004-06-29T12:22:15Z MediaWiki default cur 2832 2004-12-23T04:20:28Z MediaWiki default cur 3791 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default cur 9132 2006-08-19T13:32:59Z Bombo 12 sika sika MediaWiki:Next 220 sysop 390 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default next 1117 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default next 1821 2004-06-29T12:23:12Z MediaWiki default next 3108 2004-12-23T04:21:23Z MediaWiki default next 3792 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default next 6377 2005-09-28T11:01:57Z Bombo 12 bolɛngɛli bolɛngɛli MediaWiki:Last 221 sysop 281 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default last 1008 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default last 1710 2004-06-29T12:22:45Z MediaWiki default last 2985 2004-12-23T04:21:02Z MediaWiki default last 3793 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default last MediaWiki:Orig 222 sysop 441 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default orig 1168 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default orig 1873 2004-06-29T12:23:20Z MediaWiki default orig 3170 2004-12-23T04:21:28Z MediaWiki default orig 3794 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default orig MediaWiki:Histlegend 223 sysop 236 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Diff selection: mark the radio boxes of the versions to compare and hit enter or the button at the bottom.<br/> Legend: (cur) = difference with current version, (last) = difference with preceding version, M = minor edit. 963 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Diff selection: mark the radio boxes of the versions to compare and hit enter or the button at the bottom.<br/> Legend: (cur) = difference with current version, (last) = difference with preceding version, M = minor edit. 1664 2004-06-29T12:22:40Z MediaWiki default Diff selection: mark the radio boxes of the versions to compare and hit enter or the button at the bottom.<br/> Legend: (cur) = difference with current version, (last) = difference with preceding version, M = minor edit. 2936 2004-12-23T04:20:50Z MediaWiki default Diff selection: mark the radio boxes of the versions to compare and hit enter or the button at the bottom.<br /> Legend: (cur) = difference with current version, (last) = difference with preceding version, M = minor edit. 3795 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Diff selection: mark the radio boxes of the versions to compare and hit enter or the button at the bottom.<br /> Legend: (cur) = difference with current version, (last) = difference with preceding version, M = minor edit. MediaWiki:Difference 224 sysop 169 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default (Difference between revisions) 896 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default (Difference between revisions) 1597 2004-06-29T12:22:19Z MediaWiki default (Difference between revisions) 2864 2004-12-23T04:20:32Z MediaWiki default (Difference between revisions) 3796 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default (Difference between revisions) MediaWiki:Loadingrev 225 sysop 294 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default loading revision for diff 1021 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default loading revision for diff 1724 2004-06-29T12:22:47Z MediaWiki default loading revision for diff 3000 2004-12-23T04:21:07Z MediaWiki default loading revision for diff 3797 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default loading revision for diff MediaWiki:Lineno 226 sysop 284 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Line $1: 1011 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Line $1: 1713 2004-06-29T12:22:46Z MediaWiki default Line $1: 2988 2004-12-23T04:21:03Z MediaWiki default Line $1: 3798 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Line $1: MediaWiki:Editcurrent 227 sysop 180 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Edit the current version of this page 907 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Edit the current version of this page 1608 2004-06-29T12:22:31Z MediaWiki default Edit the current version of this page 2874 2004-12-23T04:20:41Z MediaWiki default Edit the current version of this page 3799 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Edit the current version of this page MediaWiki:Searchresults 228 sysop 556 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Search results 1283 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Search results 1988 2004-06-29T12:23:50Z MediaWiki default Search results 3292 2004-12-23T04:21:53Z MediaWiki default Search results 3800 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Search results MediaWiki:Searchhelppage 229 sysop 553 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia:Searching 1280 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia:Searching 3801 2004-06-29T12:23:49Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia:Searching MediaWiki:Searchingwikipedia 230 sysop 554 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Searching MediaWiki 1281 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Searching Wikipedia 3802 2004-06-29T12:23:50Z MediaWiki default Searching Wikipedia MediaWiki:Searchresulttext 231 sysop 558 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default For more information about searching MediaWiki, see $1. 1285 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default For more information about searching Wikipedia, see $1. 1990 2004-06-29T12:23:52Z MediaWiki default For more information about searching Wikipedia, see $1. 3294 2004-12-23T04:21:53Z MediaWiki default For more information about searching {{SITENAME}}, see [[Project:Searching|Searching {{SITENAME}}]]. 3803 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default For more information about searching {{SITENAME}}, see [[Project:Searching|Searching {{SITENAME}}]]. 8639 2006-07-01T18:57:58Z MediaWiki default For more information about searching {{SITENAME}}, see [[{{ns:project}}:Searching|Searching {{SITENAME}}]]. MediaWiki:Searchquery 232 sysop 555 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default For query "$1" 1282 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default For query "$1" 1987 2004-06-29T12:23:50Z MediaWiki default For query "$1" 3291 2004-12-23T04:21:53Z MediaWiki default For query "$1" 3804 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default For query "$1" MediaWiki:Badquery 233 sysop 79 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Badly formed search query 806 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Badly formed search query 1506 2004-06-29T12:22:03Z MediaWiki default Badly formed search query 2763 2004-12-23T04:20:19Z MediaWiki default Badly formed search query 3805 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Badly formed search query MediaWiki:Badquerytext 234 sysop 80 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default We could not process your query. This is probably because you have attempted to search for a word fewer than three letters long, which is not yet supported. It could also be that you have mistyped the expression, for example "fish and and scales". Please try another query. 807 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default We could not process your query. This is probably because you have attempted to search for a word fewer than three letters long, which is not yet supported. It could also be that you have mistyped the expression, for example "fish and and scales". Please try another query. 1507 2004-06-29T12:22:03Z MediaWiki default We could not process your query. This is probably because you have attempted to search for a word fewer than three letters long, which is not yet supported. It could also be that you have mistyped the expression, for example "fish and and scales". Please try another query. 2764 2004-12-23T04:20:19Z MediaWiki default We could not process your query. This is probably because you have attempted to search for a word fewer than three letters long, which is not yet supported. It could also be that you have mistyped the expression, for example "fish and and scales". Please try another query. 3806 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default We could not process your query. This is probably because you have attempted to search for a word fewer than three letters long, which is not yet supported. It could also be that you have mistyped the expression, for example "fish and and scales". Please try another query. MediaWiki:Matchtotals 235 sysop 336 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default The query "$1" matched $2 article titles and the text of $3 articles. 1063 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default The query "$1" matched $2 page titles and the text of $3 pages. 1766 2004-06-29T12:22:53Z MediaWiki default The query "$1" matched $2 page titles and the text of $3 pages. 3046 2004-12-23T04:21:16Z MediaWiki default The query "$1" matched $2 page titles and the text of $3 pages. 3807 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default The query "$1" matched $2 page titles and the text of $3 pages. MediaWiki:Nogomatch 236 sysop 406 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default No page with this exact title exists, trying full text search. 1133 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default No page with this exact title exists, trying full text search. 1838 2004-06-29T12:23:16Z MediaWiki default No page with this exact title exists, trying full text search. 3128 2004-12-23T04:21:25Z MediaWiki default No page with this exact title exists, trying full text search. 3808 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default No page with this exact title exists, trying full text search. 5078 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default No page with [[$1|this exact title]] exists, trying full text search. 7758 2006-02-26T01:55:30Z MediaWiki default '''There is no page titled "$1".''' You can [[$1|create this page]]. MediaWiki:Titlematches 237 sysop 616 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Article title matches 1343 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Article title matches 2050 2004-06-29T12:24:00Z MediaWiki default Article title matches 3399 2004-12-23T04:22:01Z MediaWiki default Article title matches 3809 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Article title matches MediaWiki:Notitlematches 238 sysop 423 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default No article title matches 1150 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default No page title matches 1855 2004-06-29T12:23:18Z MediaWiki default No page title matches 3148 2004-12-23T04:21:26Z MediaWiki default No page title matches 3810 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default No page title matches MediaWiki:Textmatches 239 sysop 611 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Article text matches 1338 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Page text matches 2044 2004-06-29T12:23:59Z MediaWiki default Page text matches 3393 2004-12-23T04:22:01Z MediaWiki default Page text matches 3811 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Page text matches MediaWiki:Notextmatches 240 sysop 422 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default No article text matches 1149 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default No page text matches 1854 2004-06-29T12:23:18Z MediaWiki default No page text matches 3147 2004-12-23T04:21:26Z MediaWiki default No page text matches 3812 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default No page text matches MediaWiki:Prevn 241 sysop 474 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default previous $1 1201 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default previous $1 1907 2004-06-29T12:23:25Z MediaWiki default previous $1 3206 2004-12-23T04:21:32Z MediaWiki default previous $1 3813 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default previous $1 6497 2005-10-14T10:56:00Z Bombo 12 $1 ya liboso 6499 2005-10-14T10:56:28Z Bombo 12 $1 ya liboso 7158 2005-12-03T23:02:50Z Moyogo 11 liboso → libosó $1 ya libosó MediaWiki:Nextn 242 sysop 391 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default next $1 1118 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default next $1 1822 2004-06-29T12:23:12Z MediaWiki default next $1 3110 2004-12-23T04:21:23Z MediaWiki default next $1 3814 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default next $1 6496 2005-10-14T10:50:23Z Bombo 12 bolɛngɛli $1 MediaWiki:Viewprevnext 243 sysop 726 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default View ($1) ($2) ($3). 1414 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default View ($1) ($2) ($3). 2122 2004-06-29T12:24:20Z MediaWiki default View ($1) ($2) ($3). 3530 2004-12-23T04:22:06Z MediaWiki default View ($1) ($2) ($3). 3815 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default View ($1) ($2) ($3). MediaWiki:Showingresults 244 sysop 573 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Showing below <b>$1</b> results starting with #<b>$2</b>. 1300 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Showing below <b>$1</b> results starting with #<b>$2</b>. 2004 2004-06-29T12:23:55Z MediaWiki default Showing below <b>$1</b> results starting with #<b>$2</b>. 3312 2004-12-23T04:21:59Z MediaWiki default Showing below up to <b>$1</b> results starting with #<b>$2</b>. 3816 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Showing below up to <b>$1</b> results starting with #<b>$2</b>. MediaWiki:Showingresultsnum 245 sysop 574 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Showing below <b>$3</b> results starting with #<b>$2</b>. 1301 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Showing below <b>$3</b> results starting with #<b>$2</b>. 2005 2004-06-29T12:23:55Z MediaWiki default Showing below <b>$3</b> results starting with #<b>$2</b>. 3313 2004-12-23T04:21:59Z MediaWiki default Showing below <b>$3</b> results starting with #<b>$2</b>. 3817 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Showing below <b>$3</b> results starting with #<b>$2</b>. MediaWiki:Nonefound 246 sysop 411 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default <strong>Note</strong>: unsuccessful searches are often caused by searching for common words like "have" and "from", which are not indexed, or by specifying more than one search term (only pages containing all of the search terms will appear in the result). 1138 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default <strong>Note</strong>: unsuccessful searches are often caused by searching for common words like "have" and "from", which are not indexed, or by specifying more than one search term (only pages containing all of the search terms will appear in the result). 1843 2004-06-29T12:23:16Z MediaWiki default <strong>Note</strong>: unsuccessful searches are often caused by searching for common words like "have" and "from", which are not indexed, or by specifying more than one search term (only pages containing all of the search terms will appear in the result). 3134 2004-12-23T04:21:26Z MediaWiki default '''Note''': unsuccessful searches are often caused by searching for common words like "have" and "from", which are not indexed, or by specifying more than one search term (only pages containing all of the search terms will appear in the result). 3818 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default '''Note''': unsuccessful searches are often caused by searching for common words like "have" and "from", which are not indexed, or by specifying more than one search term (only pages containing all of the search terms will appear in the result). 9283 2006-08-31T18:54:15Z MediaWiki default '''Note''': Unsuccessful searches are often caused by searching for common words like "have" and "from", which are not indexed, or by specifying more than one search term (only pages containing all of the search terms will appear in the result). MediaWiki:Powersearch 247 sysop 460 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Search 1187 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Search 1893 2004-06-29T12:23:23Z MediaWiki default Search 3190 2004-12-23T04:21:31Z MediaWiki default Search 3819 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Search 9139 2006-08-19T13:53:31Z Bombo 12 Boluki Boluki MediaWiki:Powersearchtext 248 sysop 461 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Search in namespaces :<br /> $1<br /> $2 List redirects &nbsp; Search for $3 $9 1188 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Search in namespaces :<br /> $1<br /> $2 List redirects &nbsp; Search for $3 $9 1894 2004-06-29T12:23:23Z MediaWiki default Search in namespaces :<br /> $1<br /> $2 List redirects &nbsp; Search for $3 $9 3191 2004-12-23T04:21:31Z MediaWiki default Search in namespaces :<br /> $1<br /> $2 List redirects &nbsp; Search for $3 $9 3820 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Search in namespaces :<br /> $1<br /> $2 List redirects &nbsp; Search for $3 $9 8612 2006-07-01T18:57:58Z MediaWiki default Search in namespaces:<br />$1<br />$2 List redirects<br />Search for $3 $9 MediaWiki:Searchdisabled 249 sysop 552 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default <p>Sorry! Full text search has been disabled temporarily, for performance reasons. In the meantime, you can use the Google search below, which may be out of date.</p> 1279 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default <p>Sorry! Full text search has been disabled temporarily, for performance reasons. In the meantime, you can use the Google search below, which may be out of date.</p> 1986 2004-06-29T12:23:49Z MediaWiki default <p>Sorry! Full text search has been disabled temporarily, for performance reasons. In the meantime, you can use the Google search below, which may be out of date.</p> 3290 2004-12-23T04:21:52Z MediaWiki default <p style="margin: 1.5em 2em 1em">{{SITENAME}} search is disabled for performance reasons. You can search via Google in the meantime. <span style="font-size: 89%; display: block; margin-left: .2em">Note that their indexes of {{SITENAME}} content may be out of date.</span></p> 3821 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default <p style="margin: 1.5em 2em 1em">{{SITENAME}} search is disabled for performance reasons. You can search via Google in the meantime. <span style="font-size: 89%; display: block; margin-left: .2em">Note that their indexes of {{SITENAME}} content may be out of date.</span></p> 5110 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} search is disabled. You can search via Google in the meantime. Note that their indexes of {{SITENAME}} content may be out of date. MediaWiki:Blanknamespace 250 sysop 84 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default (Main) 811 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default (Main) 1511 2004-06-29T12:22:04Z MediaWiki default (Main) 2768 2004-12-23T04:20:20Z MediaWiki default (Main) 3822 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default (Main) MediaWiki:Preferences 251 sysop 462 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Preferences 1189 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Preferences 1895 2004-06-29T12:23:23Z MediaWiki default Preferences 3192 2004-12-23T04:21:31Z MediaWiki default Preferences 3823 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Preferences MediaWiki:Prefsnologin 252 sysop 468 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Not logged in 1195 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Not logged in 1901 2004-06-29T12:23:24Z MediaWiki default Not logged in 3198 2004-12-23T04:21:32Z MediaWiki default Not logged in 3824 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Not logged in MediaWiki:Prefsnologintext 253 sysop 469 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default You must be <a href="/wiki/Special:Userlogin">logged in</a> to set user preferences. 1196 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default You must be <a href="/wiki/Special:Userlogin">logged in</a> to set user preferences. 1902 2004-06-29T12:23:25Z MediaWiki default You must be <a href="/wiki/Special:Userlogin">logged in</a> to set user preferences. 3199 2004-12-23T04:21:32Z MediaWiki default You must be <a href="{{localurl:Special:Userlogin}}">logged in</a> to set user preferences. 3825 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default You must be <a href="{{localurl:Special:Userlogin}}">logged in</a> to set user preferences. 5090 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default You must be [[Special:Userlogin|logged in]] to set user preferences. 5802 2005-07-29T10:52:04Z MediaWiki default You must be [[Special:Userlogin|logged in]] to set user preferences. MediaWiki:Prefslogintext 254 sysop 467 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default You are logged in as "$1". Your internal ID number is $2. See [[Wikipedia:User preferences help]] for help deciphering the options. 1194 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default You are logged in as "$1". Your internal ID number is $2. See [[Wikipedia:User preferences help]] for help deciphering the options. 1900 2004-06-29T12:23:24Z MediaWiki default You are logged in as "$1". Your internal ID number is $2. See [[Wikipedia:User preferences help]] for help deciphering the options. 3197 2004-12-23T04:21:32Z MediaWiki default You are logged in as "$1". Your internal ID number is $2. See [[Project:User preferences help]] for help deciphering the options. 3826 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default You are logged in as "$1". Your internal ID number is $2. See [[Project:User preferences help]] for help deciphering the options. MediaWiki:Prefsreset 255 sysop 470 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Preferences have been reset from storage. 1197 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Preferences have been reset from storage. 1903 2004-06-29T12:23:25Z MediaWiki default Preferences have been reset from storage. 3200 2004-12-23T04:21:32Z MediaWiki default Preferences have been reset from storage. 3827 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Preferences have been reset from storage. MediaWiki:Qbsettings 256 sysop 498 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Quickbar settings 1225 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Quickbar settings 1931 2004-06-29T12:23:37Z MediaWiki default Quickbar settings 3231 2004-12-23T04:21:36Z MediaWiki default Quickbar settings 3828 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Quickbar MediaWiki:Changepassword 257 sysop 118 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Change password 845 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Change password 1546 2004-06-29T12:22:12Z MediaWiki default Change password 2805 2004-12-23T04:20:26Z MediaWiki default Change password 3829 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Change password MediaWiki:Skin 258 sysop 586 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Skin 1313 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Skin 2017 2004-06-29T12:23:57Z MediaWiki default Skin 3361 2004-12-23T04:21:59Z MediaWiki default Skin 3830 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Skin MediaWiki:Math 259 sysop 337 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Rendering math 1064 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Rendering math 1767 2004-06-29T12:22:53Z MediaWiki default Rendering math 3047 2004-12-23T04:21:16Z MediaWiki default Rendering math 3831 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Rendering math 5063 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default Math MediaWiki:Dateformat 260 sysop 147 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Date format 874 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Date format 1576 2004-06-29T12:22:15Z MediaWiki default Date format 2838 2004-12-23T04:20:28Z MediaWiki default Date format 3832 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Date format 9831 2006-11-21T21:26:19Z Bombo 12 *format ya mokɔlɔ MediaWiki:Math failure 261 sysop 340 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Failed to parse 1067 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Failed to parse 1770 2004-06-29T12:22:54Z MediaWiki default Failed to parse 3050 2004-12-23T04:21:16Z MediaWiki default Failed to parse 3833 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Failed to parse MediaWiki:Math unknown error 262 sysop 347 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default unknown error 1074 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default unknown error 1777 2004-06-29T12:23:03Z MediaWiki default unknown error 3057 2004-12-23T04:21:18Z MediaWiki default unknown error 3834 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default unknown error MediaWiki:Math unknown function 263 sysop 348 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default unknown function 1075 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default unknown function 1778 2004-06-29T12:23:04Z MediaWiki default unknown function 3058 2004-12-23T04:21:18Z MediaWiki default unknown function 3835 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default unknown function 7756 2006-02-26T01:55:30Z MediaWiki default unknown function MediaWiki:Math lexing error 264 sysop 342 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default lexing error 1069 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default lexing error 1772 2004-06-29T12:22:57Z MediaWiki default lexing error 3052 2004-12-23T04:21:17Z MediaWiki default lexing error 3836 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default lexing error MediaWiki:Math syntax error 265 sysop 345 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default syntax error 1072 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default syntax error 1775 2004-06-29T12:23:01Z MediaWiki default syntax error 3055 2004-12-23T04:21:18Z MediaWiki default syntax error 3837 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default syntax error MediaWiki:Math image error 266 sysop 341 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default PNG conversion failed; check for correct installation of latex, dvips, gs, and convert 1068 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default PNG conversion failed; check for correct installation of latex, dvips, gs, and convert 1771 2004-06-29T12:22:56Z MediaWiki default PNG conversion failed; check for correct installation of latex, dvips, gs, and convert 3051 2004-12-23T04:21:16Z MediaWiki default PNG conversion failed; check for correct installation of latex, dvips, gs, and convert 3838 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default PNG conversion failed; check for correct installation of latex, dvips, gs, and convert MediaWiki:Saveprefs 267 sysop 550 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Save preferences 1277 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Save preferences 1984 2004-06-29T12:23:49Z MediaWiki default Save preferences 3288 2004-12-23T04:21:52Z MediaWiki default Save preferences 3839 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Save preferences 5106 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default Save 6502 2005-10-14T11:03:50Z Bombo 12 Kobíkisa 8063 2006-04-25T09:39:42Z Bombo 12 kobómbisa kobómbisa MediaWiki:Resetprefs 268 sysop 525 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Reset preferences 1252 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Reset preferences 1959 2004-06-29T12:23:44Z MediaWiki default Reset preferences 3263 2004-12-23T04:21:46Z MediaWiki default Reset preferences 3840 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Reset preferences 5101 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default Reset MediaWiki:Oldpassword 269 sysop 440 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Old password 1167 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Old password 1872 2004-06-29T12:23:20Z MediaWiki default Old password 3169 2004-12-23T04:21:27Z MediaWiki default Old password 3841 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Old password 6842 2005-11-09T22:45:15Z MediaWiki default Old password: MediaWiki:Newpassword 270 sysop 387 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default New password 1114 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default New password 1817 2004-06-29T12:23:11Z MediaWiki default New password 3104 2004-12-23T04:21:22Z MediaWiki default New password 3842 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default New password 6837 2005-11-09T22:45:14Z MediaWiki default New password: MediaWiki:Retypenew 271 sysop 530 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Retype new password 1257 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Retype new password 1964 2004-06-29T12:23:47Z MediaWiki default Retype new password 3268 2004-12-23T04:21:47Z MediaWiki default Retype new password 3843 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Retype new password 5104 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default Again 5805 2005-07-29T10:52:04Z MediaWiki default Retype new password 6850 2005-11-09T22:45:16Z MediaWiki default Retype new password: MediaWiki:Textboxsize 272 sysop 610 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Textbox dimensions 1337 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Textbox dimensions 2043 2004-06-29T12:23:59Z MediaWiki default Textbox dimensions 3392 2004-12-23T04:22:01Z MediaWiki default Editing 3844 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Editing MediaWiki:Rows 273 sysop 546 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Rows 1273 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Rows 1980 2004-06-29T12:23:48Z MediaWiki default Rows 3285 2004-12-23T04:21:51Z MediaWiki default Rows 3845 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Rows 6851 2005-11-09T22:45:16Z MediaWiki default Rows: MediaWiki:Columns 274 sysop 120 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Columns 847 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Columns 1549 2004-06-29T12:22:12Z MediaWiki default Columns 2808 2004-12-23T04:20:26Z MediaWiki default Columns 3846 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Columns 6807 2005-11-09T22:45:10Z MediaWiki default Columns: MediaWiki:Searchresultshead 275 sysop 557 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Search result settings 1284 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Search result settings 1989 2004-06-29T12:23:50Z MediaWiki default Search result settings 3293 2004-12-23T04:21:53Z MediaWiki default Search result settings 3847 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Search result settings 5112 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default Search 9145 2006-08-19T14:05:24Z Bombo 12 Boluki Boluki MediaWiki:Resultsperpage 276 sysop 527 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Hits to show per page 1254 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Hits to show per page 1961 2004-06-29T12:23:46Z MediaWiki default Hits to show per page 3265 2004-12-23T04:21:47Z MediaWiki default Hits to show per page 3848 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Hits to show per page 5103 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default Hits per page 6849 2005-11-09T22:45:16Z MediaWiki default Hits per page: MediaWiki:Contextlines 277 sysop 132 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Lines to show per hit 859 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Lines to show per hit 1560 2004-06-29T12:22:13Z MediaWiki default Lines to show per hit 2819 2004-12-23T04:20:27Z MediaWiki default Lines to show per hit 3849 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Lines to show per hit 4745 2005-07-03T13:06:22Z MediaWiki default Lines per hit 6812 2005-11-09T22:45:10Z MediaWiki default Lines per hit: MediaWiki:Contextchars 278 sysop 131 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Characters of context per line 858 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Characters of context per line 1559 2004-06-29T12:22:13Z MediaWiki default Characters of context per line 2818 2004-12-23T04:20:27Z MediaWiki default Characters of context per line 3850 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Characters of context per line 4744 2005-07-03T13:06:22Z MediaWiki default Context per line 6811 2005-11-09T22:45:10Z MediaWiki default Context per line: MediaWiki:Stubthreshold 279 sysop 594 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Threshold for stub display 1321 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Threshold for stub display 2027 2004-06-29T12:23:58Z MediaWiki default Threshold for stub display 3374 2004-12-23T04:22:00Z MediaWiki default Threshold for stub display 3851 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Threshold for stub display 6854 2005-11-09T22:45:16Z MediaWiki default Threshold for stub display: MediaWiki:Recentchangescount 280 sysop 516 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Number of titles in recent changes 1243 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Number of titles in recent changes 1950 2004-06-29T12:23:43Z MediaWiki default Number of titles in recent changes 3254 2004-12-23T04:21:44Z MediaWiki default Number of titles in recent changes 3852 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Number of titles in recent changes 5099 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default Titles in recent changes 6846 2005-11-09T22:45:16Z MediaWiki default Titles in recent changes: MediaWiki:Savedprefs 281 sysop 548 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Your preferences have been saved. 1275 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Your preferences have been saved. 1982 2004-06-29T12:23:48Z MediaWiki default Your preferences have been saved. 3286 2004-12-23T04:21:52Z MediaWiki default Your preferences have been saved. 3853 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Your preferences have been saved. MediaWiki:Timezonetext 282 sysop 615 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Enter number of hours your local time differs from server time (UTC). 1342 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Enter number of hours your local time differs from server time (UTC). 2049 2004-06-29T12:23:59Z MediaWiki default Enter number of hours your local time differs from server time (UTC). 3398 2004-12-23T04:22:01Z MediaWiki default Enter number of hours your local time differs from server time (UTC). 3854 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Enter number of hours your local time differs from server time (UTC). 5126 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default The number of hours your local time differs from server time (UTC). MediaWiki:Localtime 283 sysop 295 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Local time display 1022 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Local time display 1725 2004-06-29T12:22:47Z MediaWiki default Local time display 3001 2004-12-23T04:21:07Z MediaWiki default Local time display 3855 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Local time display 5058 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Local time MediaWiki:Timezoneoffset 284 sysop 614 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Offset 1341 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Offset 2048 2004-06-29T12:23:59Z MediaWiki default Offset 3397 2004-12-23T04:22:01Z MediaWiki default Offset 3856 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Offset 5125 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default Offset¹ MediaWiki:Servertime 285 sysop 566 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Server time is now 1293 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Server time is now 1997 2004-06-29T12:23:54Z MediaWiki default Server time is now 3303 2004-12-23T04:21:54Z MediaWiki default Server time is now 3857 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Server time is now 5114 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default Server time MediaWiki:Guesstimezone 286 sysop 228 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Fill in from browser 955 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Fill in from browser 1656 2004-06-29T12:22:39Z MediaWiki default Fill in from browser 2929 2004-12-23T04:20:48Z MediaWiki default Fill in from browser 3858 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Fill in from browser MediaWiki:Emailflag 287 sysop 187 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Disable e-mail from other users 914 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Disable e-mail from other users 1615 2004-06-29T12:22:33Z MediaWiki default Disable e-mail from other users 2885 2004-12-23T04:20:41Z MediaWiki default Disable e-mail from other users 3859 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Disable e-mail from other users MediaWiki:Defaultns 288 sysop 152 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Search in these namespaces by default: 879 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Search in these namespaces by default: 1581 2004-06-29T12:22:17Z MediaWiki default Search in these namespaces by default: 2845 2004-12-23T04:20:29Z MediaWiki default Search in these namespaces by default: 3860 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Search in these namespaces by default: MediaWiki:Changes 289 sysop 119 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default changes 846 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default changes 1547 2004-06-29T12:22:12Z MediaWiki default changes 2806 2004-12-23T04:20:26Z MediaWiki default changes 3861 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default changes MediaWiki:Recentchanges 290 sysop 515 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Recent changes 1242 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Recent changes 1949 2004-06-29T12:23:43Z MediaWiki default Recent changes 3252 2004-12-23T04:21:44Z MediaWiki default Recent changes 3862 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Recent changes MediaWiki:Recentchangestext 291 sysop 518 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Track the most recent changes to the wiki on this page. 1245 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Track the most recent changes to the wiki on this page. 1952 2004-06-29T12:23:43Z MediaWiki default Track the most recent changes to the wiki on this page. 3256 2004-12-23T04:21:44Z MediaWiki default Track the most recent changes to the wiki on this page. 3863 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Track the most recent changes to the wiki on this page. MediaWiki:Rcloaderr 292 sysop 508 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Loading recent changes 1235 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Loading recent changes 1942 2004-06-29T12:23:43Z MediaWiki default Loading recent changes 3243 2004-12-23T04:21:40Z MediaWiki default Loading recent changes 3864 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Loading recent changes MediaWiki:Rcnote 293 sysop 510 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Below are the last <strong>$1</strong> changes in last <strong>$2</strong> days. 1237 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Below are the last <strong>$1</strong> changes in last <strong>$2</strong> days. 1944 2004-06-29T12:23:43Z MediaWiki default Below are the last <strong>$1</strong> changes in last <strong>$2</strong> days. 3245 2004-12-23T04:21:41Z MediaWiki default Below are the last <strong>$1</strong> changes in last <strong>$2</strong> days. 3865 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Below are the last <strong>$1</strong> changes in last <strong>$2</strong> days. 8626 2006-07-01T18:57:58Z MediaWiki default Below are the last <strong>$1</strong> changes in the last <strong>$2</strong> days, as of $3. MediaWiki:Rcnotefrom 294 sysop 511 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Below are the changes since <b>$2</b> (up to <b>$1</b> shown). 1238 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Below are the changes since <b>$2</b> (up to <b>$1</b> shown). 1945 2004-06-29T12:23:43Z MediaWiki default Below are the changes since <b>$2</b> (up to <b>$1</b> shown). 3246 2004-12-23T04:21:41Z MediaWiki default Below are the changes since <b>$2</b> (up to <b>$1</b> shown). 3866 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Below are the changes since <b>$2</b> (up to <b>$1</b> shown). MediaWiki:Rclistfrom 295 sysop 506 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Show new changes starting from $1 1233 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Show new changes starting from $1 1940 2004-06-29T12:23:42Z MediaWiki default Show new changes starting from $1 3241 2004-12-23T04:21:39Z MediaWiki default Show new changes starting from $1 3867 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Show new changes starting from $1 MediaWiki:Showhideminor 296 sysop 572 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default $1 minor edits | $2 bots | $3 logged in users 1299 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default $1 minor edits | $2 bots | $3 logged in users 2003 2004-06-29T12:23:55Z MediaWiki default $1 minor edits | $2 bots | $3 logged in users 3311 2004-12-23T04:21:58Z MediaWiki default $1 minor edits | $2 bots | $3 logged in users | $4 patrolled edits 3868 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default $1 minor edits | $2 bots | $3 logged in users | $4 patrolled edits 7770 2006-02-26T01:55:30Z MediaWiki default $1 minor edits | $2 bots | $3 logged in users | $4 patrolled edits MediaWiki:Rclinks 297 sysop 505 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Show last $1 changes in last $2 days<br />$3 1232 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Show last $1 changes in last $2 days<br />$3 1939 2004-06-29T12:23:42Z MediaWiki default Show last $1 changes in last $2 days<br />$3 3240 2004-12-23T04:21:39Z MediaWiki default Show last $1 changes in last $2 days<br />$3 3869 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Show last $1 changes in last $2 days<br />$3 MediaWiki:Rchide 298 sysop 504 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default in $4 form; $1 minor edits; $2 secondary namespaces; $3 multiple edits. 1231 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default in $4 form; $1 minor edits; $2 secondary namespaces; $3 multiple edits. 1938 2004-06-29T12:23:42Z MediaWiki default in $4 form; $1 minor edits; $2 secondary namespaces; $3 multiple edits. 3239 2004-12-23T04:21:39Z MediaWiki default in $4 form; $1 minor edits; $2 secondary namespaces; $3 multiple edits. 3870 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default in $4 form; $1 minor edits; $2 secondary namespaces; $3 multiple edits. MediaWiki:Rcliu 299 sysop 507 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default ; $1 edits from logged in users 1234 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default ; $1 edits from logged in users 1941 2004-06-29T12:23:42Z MediaWiki default ; $1 edits from logged in users 3242 2004-12-23T04:21:39Z MediaWiki default ; $1 edits from logged in users 3871 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default ; $1 edits from logged in users MediaWiki:Diff 300 sysop 168 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default diff 895 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default diff 1596 2004-06-29T12:22:19Z MediaWiki default diff 2863 2004-12-23T04:20:32Z MediaWiki default diff 3872 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default diff MediaWiki:Hist 301 sysop 235 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default hist 962 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default hist 1663 2004-06-29T12:22:40Z MediaWiki default hist 2935 2004-12-23T04:20:50Z MediaWiki default hist 3873 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default hist 6373 2005-09-28T10:42:31Z Bombo 12 likambo likambo MediaWiki:Hide 302 sysop 233 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default hide 960 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default hide 1661 2004-06-29T12:22:40Z MediaWiki default hide 2933 2004-12-23T04:20:49Z MediaWiki default hide 3874 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default hide 5787 2005-07-29T10:52:03Z MediaWiki default Hide 6371 2005-09-28T10:40:37Z Bombo 12 kobomba kobomba MediaWiki:Show 303 sysop 571 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default show 1298 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default show 2002 2004-06-29T12:23:55Z MediaWiki default show 3309 2004-12-23T04:21:56Z MediaWiki default show 3875 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default show 6137 2005-09-05T09:37:07Z MediaWiki default Show MediaWiki:Tableform 304 sysop 603 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default table 1330 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default table 2036 2004-06-29T12:23:59Z MediaWiki default table 3384 2004-12-23T04:22:01Z MediaWiki default table 3876 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default table MediaWiki:Listform 305 sysop 291 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default list 1018 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default list 1721 2004-06-29T12:22:47Z MediaWiki default list 2996 2004-12-23T04:21:05Z MediaWiki default list 3877 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default list MediaWiki:Nchanges 306 sysop 379 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default $1 changes 1106 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default $1 changes 1809 2004-06-29T12:23:10Z MediaWiki default $1 changes 3094 2004-12-23T04:21:22Z MediaWiki default $1 changes 3878 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default $1 changes MediaWiki:Minoreditletter 307 sysop 353 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default M 1080 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default M 1783 2004-06-29T12:23:06Z MediaWiki default M 3063 2004-12-23T04:21:19Z MediaWiki default m 3879 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default m MediaWiki:Newpageletter 308 sysop 385 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default N 1112 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default N 1815 2004-06-29T12:23:11Z MediaWiki default N 3102 2004-12-23T04:21:22Z MediaWiki default N 3880 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default N MediaWiki:Upload 309 sysop 697 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Upload file 1386 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Upload file 2093 2004-06-29T12:24:16Z MediaWiki default Upload file 2518 2004-12-23T04:22:04Z MediaWiki default Upload file 3881 2005-04-02T15:30:02Z Bombo 12 Kokumbisa (elilingi) / importer (image) 6238 2005-09-15T12:22:38Z Bombo 12 Kokumbisa (elilingi) MediaWiki:Uploadbtn 310 sysop 698 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Upload file 1387 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Upload file 2094 2004-06-29T12:24:16Z MediaWiki default Upload file 2560 2004-12-23T04:22:04Z MediaWiki default Upload file 3882 2005-04-02T16:55:38Z Bombo 12 kokumbisa / importer 6239 2005-09-15T12:22:56Z Bombo 12 kokumbisa MediaWiki:Uploadlink 311 sysop 704 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Upload images 1393 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Upload images 2100 2004-06-29T12:24:17Z MediaWiki default Upload images 3470 2004-12-23T04:22:05Z MediaWiki default Upload images 3883 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Upload images MediaWiki:Reupload 312 sysop 531 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Re-upload 1258 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Re-upload 1965 2004-06-29T12:23:47Z MediaWiki default Re-upload 3269 2004-12-23T04:21:48Z MediaWiki default Re-upload 3884 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Re-upload MediaWiki:Reuploaddesc 313 sysop 532 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Return to the upload form. 1259 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Return to the upload form. 1966 2004-06-29T12:23:47Z MediaWiki default Return to the upload form. 3270 2004-12-23T04:21:49Z MediaWiki default Return to the upload form. 3885 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Return to the upload form. MediaWiki:Uploadnologin 314 sysop 708 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Not logged in 1397 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Not logged in 2104 2004-06-29T12:24:17Z MediaWiki default Not logged in 3474 2004-12-23T04:22:05Z MediaWiki default Not logged in 3886 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Not logged in MediaWiki:Uploadnologintext 315 sysop 709 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default You must be <a href="/wiki/Special:Userlogin">logged in</a> to upload files. 1398 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default You must be <a href="/wiki/Special:Userlogin">logged in</a> to upload files. 2105 2004-06-29T12:24:17Z MediaWiki default You must be <a href="/wiki/Special:Userlogin">logged in</a> to upload files. 3475 2004-12-23T04:22:05Z MediaWiki default You must be <a href="{{localurl:Special:Userlogin}}">logged in</a> to upload files. 3887 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default You must be <a href="{{localurl:Special:Userlogin}}">logged in</a> to upload files. 5147 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default You must be [[Special:Userlogin|logged in]] to upload files. MediaWiki:Uploadfile 316 sysop 703 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Upload images, sounds, documents etc. 1392 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Upload images, sounds, documents etc. 2099 2004-06-29T12:24:17Z MediaWiki default Upload images, sounds, documents etc. 3469 2004-12-23T04:22:04Z MediaWiki default Upload images, sounds, documents etc. 3888 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Upload images, sounds, documents etc. MediaWiki:Uploaderror 317 sysop 702 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Upload error 1391 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Upload error 2098 2004-06-29T12:24:17Z MediaWiki default Upload error 3468 2004-12-23T04:22:04Z MediaWiki default Upload error 3889 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Upload error MediaWiki:Uploadtext 318 sysop 710 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default <strong>STOP!</strong> Before you upload here, make sure to read and follow the <a href="/wiki/Special:Image_use_policy">image use policy</a>. <p>If a file with the name you are specifying already exists on the wiki, it'll be replaced without warning. So unless you mean to update a file, it's a good idea to first check if such a file exists. <p>To view or search previously uploaded images, go to the <a href="/wiki/Special:Imagelist">list of uploaded images</a>. Uploads and deletions are logged on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Upload_log">upload log</a>. </p><p>Use the form below to upload new image files for use in illustrating your articles. On most browsers, you will see a "Browse..." button, which will bring up your operating system's standard file open dialog. Choosing a file will fill the name of that file into the text field next to the button. You must also check the box affirming that you are not violating any copyrights by uploading the file. Press the "Upload" button to finish the upload. This may take some time if you have a slow internet connection. <p>The preferred formats are JPEG for photographic images, PNG for drawings and other iconic images, and OGG for sounds. Please name your files descriptively to avoid confusion. To include the image in an article, use a link in the form <b>[[Image:file.jpg]]</b> or <b>[[Image:file.ogg]]</b> for sounds. <p>Please note that as with wiki pages, others may edit or delete your uploads if they think it serves the encyclopedia, and you may be blocked from uploading if you abuse the system. 1399 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default <strong>STOP!</strong> Before you upload here, make sure to read and follow the <a href="/wiki/Special:Image_use_policy">image use policy</a>. <p>If a file with the name you are specifying already exists on the wiki, it'll be replaced without warning. So unless you mean to update a file, it's a good idea to first check if such a file exists. <p>To view or search previously uploaded images, go to the <a href="/wiki/Special:Imagelist">list of uploaded images</a>. Uploads and deletions are logged on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Upload_log">upload log</a>. </p><p>Use the form below to upload new image files for use in illustrating your pages. On most browsers, you will see a "Browse..." button, which will bring up your operating system's standard file open dialog. Choosing a file will fill the name of that file into the text field next to the button. You must also check the box affirming that you are not violating any copyrights by uploading the file. Press the "Upload" button to finish the upload. This may take some time if you have a slow internet connection. <p>The preferred formats are JPEG for photographic images, PNG for drawings and other iconic images, and OGG for sounds. Please name your files descriptively to avoid confusion. To include the image in a page, use a link in the form <b>[[Image:file.jpg]]</b> or <b>[[Image:file.ogg]]</b> for sounds. <p>Please note that as with wiki pages, others may edit or delete your uploads if they think it serves the project, and you may be blocked from uploading if you abuse the system. 2106 2004-06-29T12:24:18Z MediaWiki default <strong>STOP!</strong> Before you upload here, make sure to read and follow the <a href="/wiki/Special:Image_use_policy">image use policy</a>. <p>If a file with the name you are specifying already exists on the wiki, it'll be replaced without warning. So unless you mean to update a file, it's a good idea to first check if such a file exists. <p>To view or search previously uploaded images, go to the <a href="/wiki/Special:Imagelist">list of uploaded images</a>. Uploads and deletions are logged on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Upload_log">upload log</a>. </p><p>Use the form below to upload new image files for use in illustrating your pages. On most browsers, you will see a "Browse..." button, which will bring up your operating system's standard file open dialog. Choosing a file will fill the name of that file into the text field next to the button. You must also check the box affirming that you are not violating any copyrights by uploading the file. Press the "Upload" button to finish the upload. This may take some time if you have a slow internet connection. <p>The preferred formats are JPEG for photographic images, PNG for drawings and other iconic images, and OGG for sounds. Please name your files descriptively to avoid confusion. To include the image in a page, use a link in the form <b>[[Image:file.jpg]]</b> or <b>[[Image:file.png|alt text]]</b> or <b>[[Media:file.ogg]]</b> for sounds. <p>Please note that as with wiki pages, others may edit or delete your uploads if they think it serves the project, and you may be blocked from uploading if you abuse the system. 2493 2004-12-23T04:22:05Z MediaWiki default '''STOP!''' Before you upload here, make sure to read and follow the [[Project:Image use policy|image use policy]]. To view or search previously uploaded images, go to the [[Special:Imagelist|list of uploaded images]]. Uploads and deletions are logged on the [[Project:Upload log|upload log]]. Use the form below to upload new image files for use in illustrating your pages. On most browsers, you will see a "Browse..." button, which will bring up your operating system's standard file open dialog. Choosing a file will fill the name of that file into the text field next to the button. You must also check the box affirming that you are not violating any copyrights by uploading the file. Press the "Upload" button to finish the upload. This may take some time if you have a slow internet connection. The preferred formats are JPEG for photographic images, PNG for drawings and other iconic images, and OGG for sounds. Please name your files descriptively to avoid confusion. To include the image in a page, use a link in the form '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:6}}:file.jpg]]</nowiki>''' or '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:6}}:file.png|alt text]]</nowiki>''' or '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:-2}}:file.ogg]]</nowiki>''' for sounds. Please note that as with wiki pages, others may edit or delete your uploads if they think it serves the project, and you may be blocked from uploading if you abuse the system. 2494 2005-03-31T13:06:17Z Bombo 12 [[Image:CommonsLogo.png|right]] '''S'il vous plaît:''' importez les images, les sons et les films sur Commons.wikimedia! * disponible pour tous les Encyclopaedies Wikipédia du monde * moins de problème de capacité sur la wikipédia lingála * Wikipédia cherche les images toujours d'abord sur commons.wikimedia, donc c'est plus rapide! '''Importez les documents ici:''' [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Premiers_pas]http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Premiers_pas L'image sur Commons est disponible pour tous les Wikis. Vous pouvez utiliser un fichier Commons comme n'importe quel autre, en utilisant des liens [[Image:]] or [[Media:]]. ''Informations disponible aussi en Česky, Dansk, Deutsch, English, Español, Interlingua, Italiano, Lëtzebuergesch, Nederlands, Polski, Português, Română, Svenska. (même lien, same link, gleiche Verknüpfung)'' ---- '''STOP!''' Before you upload here, make sure to read and follow the [[Project:Image use policy|image use policy]]. To view or search previously uploaded images, go to the [[Special:Imagelist|list of uploaded images]]. Uploads and deletions are logged on the [[Project:Upload log|upload log]]. Use the form below to upload new image files for use in illustrating your pages. On most browsers, you will see a "Browse..." button, which will bring up your operating system's standard file open dialog. Choosing a file will fill the name of that file into the text field next to the button. You must also check the box affirming that you are not violating any copyrights by uploading the file. Press the "Upload" button to finish the upload. This may take some time if you have a slow internet connection. The preferred formats are JPEG for photographic images, PNG for drawings and other iconic images, and OGG for sounds. Please name your files descriptively to avoid confusion. To include the image in a page, use a link in the form '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:6}}:file.jpg]]</nowiki>''' or '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:6}}:file.png|alt text]]</nowiki>''' or '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:-2}}:file.ogg]]</nowiki>''' for sounds. Please note that as with wiki pages, others may edit or delete your uploads if they think it serves the project, and you may be blocked from uploading if you abuse the system. 3890 2005-03-31T13:28:10Z Bombo 12 [[Image:CommonsLogo.png|right]] '''S'il vous plaît:''' importez les images, les sons et les films sur Commons.wikimedia! * disponible pour tous les Encyclopaedies Wikipédia du monde * moins de problème de capacité sur la wikipédia lingála * Wikipédia cherche les images toujours d'abord sur commons.wikimedia, donc c'est plus rapide! '''Importez les documents ici:''' [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Premiers_pas]http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Premiers_pas L'image sur Commons est disponible pour tous les Wikis. Vous pouvez utiliser un fichier Commons comme n'importe quel autre, en utilisant des liens [[Image:]] or [[Media:]]. ''Enrégistrement (upload) disponible aussi en Česky, Dansk, Deutsch, English, Español, Interlingua, Italiano, Lëtzebuergesch, Nederlands, Polski, Português, Română, Svenska. (même lien, same link, gleiche Verknüpfung)'' ---- '''STOP!''' Before you upload here, make sure to read and follow the [[Project:Image use policy|image use policy]]. To view or search previously uploaded images, go to the [[Special:Imagelist|list of uploaded images]]. Uploads and deletions are logged on the [[Project:Upload log|upload log]]. Use the form below to upload new image files for use in illustrating your pages. On most browsers, you will see a "Browse..." button, which will bring up your operating system's standard file open dialog. Choosing a file will fill the name of that file into the text field next to the button. You must also check the box affirming that you are not violating any copyrights by uploading the file. Press the "Upload" button to finish the upload. This may take some time if you have a slow internet connection. The preferred formats are JPEG for photographic images, PNG for drawings and other iconic images, and OGG for sounds. Please name your files descriptively to avoid confusion. To include the image in a page, use a link in the form '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:6}}:file.jpg]]</nowiki>''' or '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:6}}:file.png|alt text]]</nowiki>''' or '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:-2}}:file.ogg]]</nowiki>''' for sounds. Please note that as with wiki pages, others may edit or delete your uploads if they think it serves the project, and you may be blocked from uploading if you abuse the system. MediaWiki:Uploadlog 319 sysop 705 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default upload log 1394 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default upload log 2101 2004-06-29T12:24:17Z MediaWiki default upload log 3471 2004-12-23T04:22:05Z MediaWiki default upload log 3891 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default upload log MediaWiki:Uploadlogpage 320 sysop 706 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Upload_log 1395 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Upload_log 2102 2004-06-29T12:24:17Z MediaWiki default Upload_log 3472 2004-12-23T04:22:05Z MediaWiki default Upload_log 3892 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Upload_log 8667 2006-07-01T18:57:59Z MediaWiki default Upload log MediaWiki:Uploadlogpagetext 321 sysop 707 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of the most recent file uploads. All times shown are server time (UTC). <ul> </ul> 1396 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of the most recent file uploads. All times shown are server time (UTC). <ul> </ul> 2103 2004-06-29T12:24:17Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of the most recent file uploads. All times shown are server time (UTC). <ul> </ul> 3473 2004-12-23T04:22:05Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of the most recent file uploads. 3893 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of the most recent file uploads. MediaWiki:Filename 322 sysop 217 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Filename 944 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Filename 1646 2004-06-29T12:22:38Z MediaWiki default Filename 2918 2004-12-23T04:20:46Z MediaWiki default Filename 3894 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Filename MediaWiki:Filedesc 323 sysop 216 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Summary 943 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Summary 1644 2004-06-29T12:22:38Z MediaWiki default Summary 2915 2004-12-23T04:20:44Z MediaWiki default Summary 3895 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Summary MediaWiki:Filestatus 324 sysop 221 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Copyright status 948 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Copyright status 1650 2004-06-29T12:22:39Z MediaWiki default Copyright status 2922 2004-12-23T04:20:46Z MediaWiki default Copyright status 3896 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Copyright status MediaWiki:Filesource 325 sysop 220 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Source 947 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Source 1649 2004-06-29T12:22:38Z MediaWiki default Source 2921 2004-12-23T04:20:46Z MediaWiki default Source 3897 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Source MediaWiki:Affirmation 326 sysop 56 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default I affirm that the copyright holder of this file agrees to license it under the terms of the $1. 783 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default I affirm that the copyright holder of this file agrees to license it under the terms of the $1. 1483 2004-06-29T12:22:00Z MediaWiki default I affirm that the copyright holder of this file agrees to license it under the terms of the $1. 2730 2004-12-23T04:20:16Z MediaWiki default I affirm that the copyright holder of this file agrees to license it under the terms of the $1. 3898 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default I affirm that the copyright holder of this file agrees to license it under the terms of the $1. MediaWiki:Copyrightpage 327 sysop 137 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia:Copyrights 864 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia:Copyrights 1565 2004-06-29T12:22:14Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia:Copyrights 2824 2004-12-23T04:20:27Z MediaWiki default Project:Copyrights 3899 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Project:Copyrights MediaWiki:Copyrightpagename 328 sysop 138 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default MediaWiki copyright 865 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia copyright 1566 2004-06-29T12:22:14Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia copyright 2825 2004-12-23T04:20:27Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} copyright 3900 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} copyright MediaWiki:Uploadedfiles 329 sysop 700 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Uploaded files 1389 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Uploaded files 2096 2004-06-29T12:24:17Z MediaWiki default Uploaded files 3466 2004-12-23T04:22:04Z MediaWiki default Uploaded files 3901 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Uploaded files MediaWiki:Noaffirmation 330 sysop 393 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default You must affirm that your upload does not violate any copyrights. 1120 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default You must affirm that your upload does not violate any copyrights. 1824 2004-06-29T12:23:13Z MediaWiki default You must affirm that your upload does not violate any copyrights. 3114 2004-12-23T04:21:23Z MediaWiki default You must affirm that your upload does not violate any copyrights. 3902 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default You must affirm that your upload does not violate any copyrights. MediaWiki:Ignorewarning 331 sysop 241 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Ignore warning and save file anyway. 968 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Ignore warning and save file anyway. 1670 2004-06-29T12:22:41Z MediaWiki default Ignore warning and save file anyway. 2941 2004-12-23T04:20:50Z MediaWiki default Ignore warning and save file anyway. 3903 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Ignore warning and save file anyway. MediaWiki:Minlength 332 sysop 351 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Image names must be at least three letters. 1078 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Image names must be at least three letters. 1781 2004-06-29T12:23:06Z MediaWiki default Image names must be at least three letters. 3061 2004-12-23T04:21:18Z MediaWiki default Image names must be at least three letters. 3904 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Image names must be at least three letters. 5792 2005-07-29T10:52:03Z MediaWiki default File names must be at least three letters. MediaWiki:Badfilename 333 sysop 76 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Image name has been changed to "$1". 803 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Image name has been changed to "$1". 1503 2004-06-29T12:22:02Z MediaWiki default Image name has been changed to "$1". 2760 2004-12-23T04:20:18Z MediaWiki default Image name has been changed to "$1". 3905 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Image name has been changed to "$1". 5769 2005-07-29T10:52:01Z MediaWiki default File name has been changed to "$1". 6493 2005-10-14T10:45:07Z Bombo 12 Kásá-kásá name has been changed to "$1". MediaWiki:Badfiletype 334 sysop 77 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default ".$1" is not a recommended image file format. 804 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default ".$1" is not a recommended image file format. 1504 2004-06-29T12:22:03Z MediaWiki default ".$1" is not a recommended image file format. 2761 2004-12-23T04:20:18Z MediaWiki default ".$1" is not a recommended image file format. 3906 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default ".$1" is not a recommended image file format. MediaWiki:Largefile 335 sysop 280 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default It is recommended that images not exceed 100k in size. 1007 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default It is recommended that images not exceed 100k in size. 1709 2004-06-29T12:22:45Z MediaWiki default It is recommended that images not exceed 100k in size. 2984 2004-12-23T04:21:02Z MediaWiki default It is recommended that images not exceed 100k in size. 3907 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default It is recommended that images not exceed 100k in size. 5056 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default It is recommended that images not exceed $1 bytes in size, this file is $2 bytes 8587 2006-07-01T18:57:58Z MediaWiki default It is recommended that files do not exceed $1 bytes in size; this file is $2 bytes MediaWiki:Successfulupload 336 sysop 598 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Successful upload 1325 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Successful upload 2032 2004-06-29T12:23:58Z MediaWiki default Successful upload 3380 2004-12-23T04:22:00Z MediaWiki default Successful upload 3908 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Successful upload MediaWiki:Fileuploaded 337 sysop 222 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default File "$1" uploaded successfully. Please follow this link: $2 to the description page and fill in information about the file, such as where it came from, when it was created and by whom, and anything else you may know about it. 949 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default File "$1" uploaded successfully. Please follow this link: $2 to the description page and fill in information about the file, such as where it came from, when it was created and by whom, and anything else you may know about it. 1651 2004-06-29T12:22:39Z MediaWiki default File "$1" uploaded successfully. Please follow this link: $2 to the description page and fill in information about the file, such as where it came from, when it was created and by whom, and anything else you may know about it. 2923 2004-12-23T04:20:46Z MediaWiki default File $1 uploaded successfully. Please follow this link: $2 to the description page and fill in information about the file, such as where it came from, when it was created and by whom, and anything else you may know about it. If this is an image, you can insert it like this: <tt><nowiki>[[Image:$1|thumb|Description]]</nowiki></tt> 3909 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default File $1 uploaded successfully. Please follow this link: $2 to the description page and fill in information about the file, such as where it came from, when it was created and by whom, and anything else you may know about it. If this is an image, you can insert it like this: <tt><nowiki>[[Image:$1|thumb|Description]]</nowiki></tt> MediaWiki:Uploadwarning 338 sysop 711 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Upload warning 1400 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Upload warning 2107 2004-06-29T12:24:18Z MediaWiki default Upload warning 3476 2004-12-23T04:22:05Z MediaWiki default Upload warning 3910 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Upload warning MediaWiki:Savefile 339 sysop 549 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Save file 1276 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Save file 1983 2004-06-29T12:23:48Z MediaWiki default Save file 2514 2004-12-23T04:21:52Z MediaWiki default Save file 3911 2005-04-02T15:10:34Z Bombo 12 kokósoli / enrégistrer 6236 2005-09-15T12:20:08Z Bombo 12 kokósoli 6500 2005-10-14T11:00:08Z Bombo 12 kobíkisa kásá-kásá 8062 2006-04-25T09:39:07Z Bombo 12 kobómbisa kobómbisa kásá-kásá MediaWiki:Uploadedimage 340 sysop 701 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default uploaded "$1" 1390 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default uploaded "$1" 2097 2004-06-29T12:24:17Z MediaWiki default uploaded "$1" 3467 2004-12-23T04:22:04Z MediaWiki default uploaded "$1" 3912 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default uploaded "$1" 5145 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default uploaded "[[$1]]" MediaWiki:Uploaddisabled 341 sysop 699 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Sorry, uploading is disabled. 1388 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Sorry, uploading is disabled. 2095 2004-06-29T12:24:17Z MediaWiki default Sorry, uploading is disabled. 3465 2004-12-23T04:22:04Z MediaWiki default Sorry, uploading is disabled. 3913 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Sorry, uploading is disabled. 7781 2006-02-26T01:55:31Z MediaWiki default Uploads disabled MediaWiki:Imagelist 342 sysop 247 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Image list 974 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Image list 1676 2004-06-29T12:22:41Z MediaWiki default Image list 2948 2004-12-23T04:20:52Z MediaWiki default Image list 3914 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Image list 5040 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default File list MediaWiki:Imagelisttext 343 sysop 248 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of $1 images sorted $2. 975 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of $1 images sorted $2. 1677 2004-06-29T12:22:42Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of $1 images sorted $2. 2949 2004-12-23T04:20:52Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of $1 images sorted $2. 3915 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of $1 images sorted $2. 5042 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of $1 files sorted $2. 8571 2006-07-01T18:57:57Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of '''$1''' {{plural:$1|file|files}} sorted $2. MediaWiki:Getimagelist 344 sysop 225 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default fetching image list 952 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default fetching image list 1653 2004-06-29T12:22:39Z MediaWiki default fetching image list 2926 2004-12-23T04:20:48Z MediaWiki default fetching image list 3916 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default fetching image list 5012 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default fetching file list MediaWiki:Ilshowmatch 345 sysop 242 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Show all images with names matching 969 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Show all images with names matching 1671 2004-06-29T12:22:41Z MediaWiki default Show all images with names matching 2943 2004-12-23T04:20:50Z MediaWiki default Show all images with names matching 3917 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Show all images with names matching MediaWiki:Ilsubmit 346 sysop 243 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Search 970 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Search 1672 2004-06-29T12:22:41Z MediaWiki default Search 2944 2004-12-23T04:20:50Z MediaWiki default Search 3918 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Search 9143 2006-08-19T14:03:03Z Bombo 12 Boluki Boluki MediaWiki:Showlast 347 sysop 575 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Show last $1 images sorted $2. 1302 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Show last $1 images sorted $2. 2006 2004-06-29T12:23:55Z MediaWiki default Show last $1 images sorted $2. 3314 2004-12-23T04:21:59Z MediaWiki default Show last $1 images sorted $2. 3919 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Show last $1 images sorted $2. 5119 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default Show last $1 files sorted $2. MediaWiki:All 348 sysop 57 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default all 784 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default all 1484 2004-06-29T12:22:00Z MediaWiki default all 2438 2004-12-23T04:20:16Z MediaWiki default all 2450 2005-03-17T21:33:57Z Bombo 12 yɔnsɔ 3920 2005-03-18T21:20:44Z Bombo 12 nyɔnsɔ MediaWiki:Byname 349 sysop 109 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default by name 836 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default by name 1536 2004-06-29T12:22:11Z MediaWiki default by name 2795 2004-12-23T04:20:24Z MediaWiki default by name 3921 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default by name MediaWiki:Bydate 350 sysop 108 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default by date 835 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default by date 1535 2004-06-29T12:22:11Z MediaWiki default by date 2794 2004-12-23T04:20:24Z MediaWiki default by date 3922 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default by date MediaWiki:Bysize 351 sysop 110 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default by size 837 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default by size 1537 2004-06-29T12:22:11Z MediaWiki default by size 2796 2004-12-23T04:20:24Z MediaWiki default by size 3923 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default by size MediaWiki:Imgdelete 352 sysop 251 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default del 978 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default del 1680 2004-06-29T12:22:42Z MediaWiki default del 2953 2004-12-23T04:20:54Z MediaWiki default del 3924 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default del MediaWiki:Imgdesc 353 sysop 252 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default desc 979 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default desc 1681 2004-06-29T12:22:42Z MediaWiki default desc 2954 2004-12-23T04:20:55Z MediaWiki default desc 3925 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default desc MediaWiki:Imglegend 354 sysop 255 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Legend: (desc) = show/edit image description. 982 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Legend: (desc) = show/edit image description. 1684 2004-06-29T12:22:42Z MediaWiki default Legend: (desc) = show/edit image description. 2957 2004-12-23T04:20:55Z MediaWiki default Legend: (desc) = show/edit image description. 3926 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Legend: (desc) = show/edit image description. 5789 2005-07-29T10:52:03Z MediaWiki default Legend: (desc) = show/edit file description. MediaWiki:Imghistory 355 sysop 254 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Image history 981 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Image history 1683 2004-06-29T12:22:42Z MediaWiki default Image history 2956 2004-12-23T04:20:55Z MediaWiki default Image history 3927 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Image history 5044 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default History 5788 2005-07-29T10:52:03Z MediaWiki default File history MediaWiki:Revertimg 356 sysop 534 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default rev 1261 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default rev 1968 2004-06-29T12:23:47Z MediaWiki default rev 3272 2004-12-23T04:21:49Z MediaWiki default rev 3928 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default rev MediaWiki:Deleteimg 357 sysop 158 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default del 885 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default del 1587 2004-06-29T12:22:18Z MediaWiki default del 2852 2004-12-23T04:20:30Z MediaWiki default del 3929 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default del MediaWiki:Imghistlegend 358 sysop 253 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Legend: (cur) = this is the current image, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. <br /><i>Click on date to see image uploaded on that date</i>. 980 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Legend: (cur) = this is the current image, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. <br /><i>Click on date to see image uploaded on that date</i>. 1682 2004-06-29T12:22:42Z MediaWiki default Legend: (cur) = this is the current image, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. <br /><i>Click on date to see image uploaded on that date</i>. 2955 2004-12-23T04:20:55Z MediaWiki default Legend: (cur) = this is the current image, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. <br /><i>Click on date to see image uploaded on that date</i>. 3930 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Legend: (cur) = this is the current image, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. <br /><i>Click on date to see image uploaded on that date</i>. 5043 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. <br /><i>Click on date to see the file uploaded on that date</i>. MediaWiki:Imagelinks 359 sysop 246 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Image links 973 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Image links 1675 2004-06-29T12:22:41Z MediaWiki default Image links 2947 2004-12-23T04:20:52Z MediaWiki default Image links 3931 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Image links 5039 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Links MediaWiki:Linkstoimage 360 sysop 289 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default The following pages link to this image: 1016 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default The following pages link to this image: 1718 2004-06-29T12:22:46Z MediaWiki default The following pages link to this image: 2993 2004-12-23T04:21:05Z MediaWiki default The following pages link to this image: 3932 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default The following pages link to this image: 5057 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default The following pages link to this file: MediaWiki:Nolinkstoimage 361 sysop 409 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default There are no pages that link to this image. 1136 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default There are no pages that link to this image. 1841 2004-06-29T12:23:16Z MediaWiki default There are no pages that link to this image. 3132 2004-12-23T04:21:25Z MediaWiki default There are no pages that link to this image. 3933 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default There are no pages that link to this image. 5080 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default There are no pages that link to this file. MediaWiki:Statistics 362 sysop 592 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Statistics 1319 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Statistics 2025 2004-06-29T12:23:57Z MediaWiki default Statistics 3372 2004-12-23T04:22:00Z MediaWiki default Statistics 3934 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Statistics MediaWiki:Sitestats 363 sysop 579 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Site statistics 1306 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Site statistics 2010 2004-06-29T12:23:56Z MediaWiki default Site statistics 3353 2004-12-23T04:21:59Z MediaWiki default Site statistics 3935 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Site statistics 5810 2005-07-29T10:52:04Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} statistics MediaWiki:Userstats 364 sysop 722 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default User statistics 1410 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default User statistics 2118 2004-06-29T12:24:19Z MediaWiki default User statistics 3499 2004-12-23T04:22:06Z MediaWiki default User statistics 3936 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default User statistics MediaWiki:Sitestatstext 365 sysop 580 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default There are '''$1''' total pages in the database. This includes "talk" pages, pages about MediaWiki, minimal "stub" pages, redirects, and others that probably don't qualify as articles. Excluding those, there are '''$2''' pages that are probably legitimate articles. There have been a total of '''$3''' page views, and '''$4''' page edits since the wiki was setup. That comes to '''$5''' average edits per page, and '''$6''' views per edit. 1307 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default There are '''$1''' total pages in the database. This includes "talk" pages, pages about Wikipedia, minimal "stub" pages, redirects, and others that probably don't qualify as content pages. Excluding those, there are '''$2''' pages that are probably legitimate content pages. There have been a total of '''$3''' page views, and '''$4''' page edits since the wiki was setup. That comes to '''$5''' average edits per page, and '''$6''' views per edit. 2011 2004-06-29T12:23:56Z MediaWiki default There are '''$1''' total pages in the database. This includes "talk" pages, pages about Wikipedia, minimal "stub" pages, redirects, and others that probably don't qualify as content pages. Excluding those, there are '''$2''' pages that are probably legitimate content pages. There have been a total of '''$3''' page views, and '''$4''' page edits since the wiki was setup. That comes to '''$5''' average edits per page, and '''$6''' views per edit. 3354 2004-12-23T04:21:59Z MediaWiki default There are '''$1''' total pages in the database. This includes "talk" pages, pages about {{SITENAME}}, minimal "stub" pages, redirects, and others that probably don't qualify as content pages. Excluding those, there are '''$2''' pages that are probably legitimate content pages. There have been a total of '''$3''' page views, and '''$4''' page edits since the wiki was setup. That comes to '''$5''' average edits per page, and '''$6''' views per edit. 3937 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default There are '''$1''' total pages in the database. This includes "talk" pages, pages about {{SITENAME}}, minimal "stub" pages, redirects, and others that probably don't qualify as content pages. Excluding those, there are '''$2''' pages that are probably legitimate content pages. There have been a total of '''$3''' page views, and '''$4''' page edits since the wiki was setup. That comes to '''$5''' average edits per page, and '''$6''' views per edit. 7772 2006-02-26T01:55:30Z MediaWiki default There are '''$1''' total pages in the database. This includes "talk" pages, pages about {{SITENAME}}, minimal "stub" pages, redirects, and others that probably don't qualify as content pages. Excluding those, there are '''$2''' pages that are probably legitimate content pages. There have been a total of '''$3''' page views, and '''$4''' page edits since the wiki was setup. That comes to '''$5''' average edits per page, and '''$6''' views per edit. The [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Job_queue job queue] length is '''$7'''. 7913 2006-03-28T06:12:41Z MediaWiki default There are '''$1''' total pages in the database. This includes "talk" pages, pages about {{SITENAME}}, minimal "stub" pages, redirects, and others that probably don't qualify as content pages. Excluding those, there are '''$2''' pages that are probably legitimate content pages. '''$8''' files have been uploaded. There have been a total of '''$3''' page views, and '''$4''' page edits since the wiki was setup. That comes to '''$5''' average edits per page, and '''$6''' views per edit. The [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Job_queue job queue] length is '''$7'''. MediaWiki:Userstatstext 366 sysop 723 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default There are '''$1''' registered users. '''$2''' of these are administrators (see $3). 1411 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default There are '''$1''' registered users. '''$2''' of these are administrators (see $3). 2119 2004-06-29T12:24:19Z MediaWiki default There are '''$1''' registered users. '''$2''' of these are administrators (see $3). 3500 2004-12-23T04:22:06Z MediaWiki default There are '''$1''' registered users. '''$2''' of these are administrators (see $3). 3938 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default There are '''$1''' registered users. '''$2''' of these are administrators (see $3). 5158 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default There are '''$1''' registered users, of which '''$2''' (or '''$4%''') are administrators (see $3). 9304 2006-08-31T18:54:17Z MediaWiki default There are '''$1''' registered users, of which '''$2''' (or '''$4%''') are $5. MediaWiki:Maintenance 367 sysop 326 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Maintenance page 1053 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Maintenance page 1756 2004-06-29T12:22:51Z MediaWiki default Maintenance page 3030 2004-12-23T04:21:13Z MediaWiki default Maintenance page 3939 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Maintenance page MediaWiki:Maintnancepagetext 368 sysop 328 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default This page includes several handy tools for everyday maintenance. Some of these functions tend to stress the database, so please do not hit reload after every item you fixed ;-) 1055 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default This page includes several handy tools for everyday maintenance. Some of these functions tend to stress the database, so please do not hit reload after every item you fixed ;-) 1758 2004-06-29T12:22:52Z MediaWiki default This page includes several handy tools for everyday maintenance. Some of these functions tend to stress the database, so please do not hit reload after every item you fixed ;-) 3032 2004-12-23T04:21:14Z MediaWiki default This page includes several handy tools for everyday maintenance. Some of these functions tend to stress the database, so please do not hit reload after every item you fixed ;-) 3940 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default This page includes several handy tools for everyday maintenance. Some of these functions tend to stress the database, so please do not hit reload after every item you fixed ;-) MediaWiki:Maintenancebacklink 369 sysop 327 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Back to Maintenance Page 1054 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Back to Maintenance Page 1757 2004-06-29T12:22:52Z MediaWiki default Back to Maintenance Page 3031 2004-12-23T04:21:14Z MediaWiki default Back to Maintenance Page 3941 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Back to Maintenance Page MediaWiki:Disambiguations 370 sysop 170 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Disambiguation pages 897 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Disambiguation pages 1598 2004-06-29T12:22:21Z MediaWiki default Disambiguation pages 2865 2004-12-23T04:20:32Z MediaWiki default Disambiguation pages 3942 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Disambiguation pages 8694 2006-07-01T19:57:44Z Bombo 12 Bokokani Bokokani MediaWiki:Disambiguationspage 371 sysop 171 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia:Links_to_disambiguating_pages 898 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia:Links_to_disambiguating_pages 1599 2004-06-29T12:22:23Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia:Links_to_disambiguating_pages 2866 2004-12-23T04:20:36Z MediaWiki default Project:Links_to_disambiguating_pages 3943 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Project:Links_to_disambiguating_pages 5775 2005-07-29T10:52:02Z MediaWiki default Template:disambig 8695 2006-07-01T19:58:23Z Bombo 12 Template:Bokokani Template:Bokokani 9185 2006-08-28T14:23:45Z YurikBot 76 Listed disambig templates. PLEASE REVIEW! Admins, please maintain this page by including links to all disambiguation templates and any redirects to them. The list is used by [[Special:Disambiguations]] to show any pages linking to disambiguation articles. The list will also be used by various bots. <small>Note: This page may be translated and reformatted. Any links to '''<nowiki>[[template:...]]</nowiki>''' will be treated as links to disambiguation templates.</small> * [[Template:Bokokani]] MediaWiki:Disambiguationstext 372 sysop 172 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default The following articles link to a <i>disambiguation page</i>. They should link to the appropriate topic instead.<br />A page is treated as dismbiguation if it is linked from $1.<br />Links from other namespaces are <i>not</i> listed here. 899 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default The following pages link to a <i>disambiguation page</i>. They should link to the appropriate topic instead.<br />A page is treated as dismbiguation if it is linked from $1.<br />Links from other namespaces are <i>not</i> listed here. 1600 2004-06-29T12:22:24Z MediaWiki default The following pages link to a <i>disambiguation page</i>. They should link to the appropriate topic instead.<br />A page is treated as dismbiguation if it is linked from $1.<br />Links from other namespaces are <i>not</i> listed here. 2867 2004-12-23T04:20:36Z MediaWiki default The following pages link to a <i>disambiguation page</i>. They should link to the appropriate topic instead.<br />A page is treated as dismbiguation if it is linked from $1.<br />Links from other namespaces are <i>not</i> listed here. 3944 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default The following pages link to a <i>disambiguation page</i>. They should link to the appropriate topic instead.<br />A page is treated as disambiguation if it is linked from $1.<br />Links from other namespaces are <i>not</i> listed here. MediaWiki:Doubleredirects 373 sysop 175 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Double Redirects 902 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Double Redirects 1603 2004-06-29T12:22:27Z MediaWiki default Double Redirects 2870 2004-12-23T04:20:39Z MediaWiki default Double Redirects 3945 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Double Redirects 5776 2005-07-29T10:52:02Z MediaWiki default Double redirects MediaWiki:Doubleredirectstext 374 sysop 176 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default <b>Attention:</b> This list may contain false positives. That usually means there is additional text with links below the first #REDIRECT.<br /> Each row contains links to the first and second redirect, as well as the first line of the second redirect text, usually giving the "real" taget article, which the first redirect should point to. 903 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default <b>Attention:</b> This list may contain false positives. That usually means there is additional text with links below the first #REDIRECT.<br /> Each row contains links to the first and second redirect, as well as the first line of the second redirect text, usually giving the "real" target page, which the first redirect should point to. 1604 2004-06-29T12:22:28Z MediaWiki default <b>Attention:</b> This list may contain false positives. That usually means there is additional text with links below the first #REDIRECT.<br /> Each row contains links to the first and second redirect, as well as the first line of the second redirect text, usually giving the "real" target page, which the first redirect should point to. 2871 2004-12-23T04:20:39Z MediaWiki default <b>Attention:</b> This list may contain false positives. That usually means there is additional text with links below the first #REDIRECT.<br /> Each row contains links to the first and second redirect, as well as the first line of the second redirect text, usually giving the "real" target page, which the first redirect should point to. 3946 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Each row contains links to the first and second redirect, as well as the first line of the second redirect text, usually giving the "real" target page, which the first redirect should point to. MediaWiki:Brokenredirects 375 sysop 100 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Broken Redirects 827 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Broken Redirects 1527 2004-06-29T12:22:10Z MediaWiki default Broken Redirects 2786 2004-12-23T04:20:22Z MediaWiki default Broken Redirects 3947 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Broken Redirects 7742 2006-02-26T01:55:29Z MediaWiki default Broken redirects MediaWiki:Brokenredirectstext 376 sysop 101 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default The following redirects link to a non-existing article. 828 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default The following redirects link to a non-existing pages. 1528 2004-06-29T12:22:10Z MediaWiki default The following redirects link to a non-existing pages. 2787 2004-12-23T04:20:23Z MediaWiki default The following redirects link to a non-existing pages. 3948 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default The following redirects link to a non-existing pages. 7743 2006-02-26T01:55:29Z MediaWiki default The following redirects link to non-existent pages: MediaWiki:Selflinks 377 sysop 563 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Pages with Self Links 1290 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Pages with Self Links 1994 2004-06-29T12:23:54Z MediaWiki default Pages with Self Links 3299 2004-12-23T04:21:54Z MediaWiki default Pages with Self Links 3949 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Pages with Self Links 7766 2006-02-26T01:55:30Z MediaWiki default Self-linking pages MediaWiki:Selflinkstext 378 sysop 564 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default The following pages contain a link to themselves, which they should not. 1291 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default The following pages contain a link to themselves, which they should not. 1995 2004-06-29T12:23:54Z MediaWiki default The following pages contain a link to themselves, which they should not. 3300 2004-12-23T04:21:54Z MediaWiki default The following pages contain a link to themselves, which they should not. 3950 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default The following pages contain a link to themselves, which they should not. 7767 2006-02-26T01:55:30Z MediaWiki default The following pages link to themselves: MediaWiki:Mispeelings 379 sysop 354 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Pages with misspellings 1081 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Pages with misspellings 1784 2004-06-29T12:23:07Z MediaWiki default Pages with misspellings 3064 2004-12-23T04:21:19Z MediaWiki default Pages with misspellings 3951 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Pages with misspellings MediaWiki:Mispeelingstext 380 sysop 356 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default The following pages contain a common misspelling, which are listed on $1. The correct spelling might be given (like this). 1083 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default The following pages contain a common misspelling, which are listed on $1. The correct spelling might be given (like this). 1786 2004-06-29T12:23:07Z MediaWiki default The following pages contain a common misspelling, which are listed on $1. The correct spelling might be given (like this). 3066 2004-12-23T04:21:20Z MediaWiki default The following pages contain a common misspelling, which are listed on $1. The correct spelling might be given (like this). 3952 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default The following pages contain a common misspelling, which are listed on $1. The correct spelling might be given (like this). MediaWiki:Mispeelingspage 381 sysop 355 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default List of common misspellings 1082 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default List of common misspellings 1785 2004-06-29T12:23:07Z MediaWiki default List of common misspellings 3065 2004-12-23T04:21:20Z MediaWiki default List of common misspellings 3953 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default List of common misspellings MediaWiki:Missinglanguagelinks 382 sysop 359 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Missing Language Links 1086 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Missing Language Links 1789 2004-06-29T12:23:07Z MediaWiki default Missing Language Links 3069 2004-12-23T04:21:20Z MediaWiki default Missing Language Links 3954 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Missing Language Links MediaWiki:Missinglanguagelinksbutton 383 sysop 360 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Find missing language links for 1087 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Find missing language links for 1790 2004-06-29T12:23:07Z MediaWiki default Find missing language links for 3070 2004-12-23T04:21:20Z MediaWiki default Find missing language links for 3955 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Find missing language links for MediaWiki:Missinglanguagelinkstext 384 sysop 361 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default These articles do <i>not</i> link to their counterpart in $1. Redirects and subpages are <i>not</i> shown. 1088 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default These pages do <i>not</i> link to their counterpart in $1. Redirects and subpages are <i>not</i> shown. 1791 2004-06-29T12:23:07Z MediaWiki default These pages do <i>not</i> link to their counterpart in $1. Redirects and subpages are <i>not</i> shown. 3071 2004-12-23T04:21:21Z MediaWiki default These pages do <i>not</i> link to their counterpart in $1. Redirects and subpages are <i>not</i> shown. 3956 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default These pages do <i>not</i> link to their counterpart in $1. Redirects and subpages are <i>not</i> shown. MediaWiki:Orphans 385 sysop 442 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Orphaned pages 1169 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Orphaned pages 1874 2004-06-29T12:23:20Z MediaWiki default Orphaned pages 3171 2004-12-23T04:21:28Z MediaWiki default Orphaned pages 3957 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Orphaned pages MediaWiki:Lonelypages 386 sysop 316 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Orphaned pages 1043 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Orphaned pages 1746 2004-06-29T12:22:50Z MediaWiki default Orphaned pages 3021 2004-12-23T04:21:12Z MediaWiki default Orphaned pages 3958 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Orphaned pages MediaWiki:Unusedimages 387 sysop 692 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Unused images 1381 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Unused images 2088 2004-06-29T12:24:16Z MediaWiki default Unused images 3459 2004-12-23T04:22:04Z MediaWiki default Unused images 3959 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Unused images 5143 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default Unused files MediaWiki:Popularpages 388 sysop 455 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Popular pages 1182 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Popular pages 1888 2004-06-29T12:23:22Z MediaWiki default Popular pages 3185 2004-12-23T04:21:30Z MediaWiki default Popular pages 3960 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Popular pages MediaWiki:Nviews 389 sysop 438 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default $1 views 1165 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default $1 views 1870 2004-06-29T12:23:20Z MediaWiki default $1 views 3167 2004-12-23T04:21:27Z MediaWiki default $1 views 3961 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default $1 views 8607 2006-07-01T18:57:58Z MediaWiki default $1 {{PLURAL:$1|view|views}} MediaWiki:Wantedpages 390 sysop 729 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Wanted pages 1417 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Wanted pages 2125 2004-06-29T12:24:20Z MediaWiki default Wanted pages 3533 2004-12-23T04:22:06Z MediaWiki default Wanted pages 3962 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Wanted pages MediaWiki:Nlinks 391 sysop 392 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default $1 links 1119 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default $1 links 1823 2004-06-29T12:23:13Z MediaWiki default $1 links 3113 2004-12-23T04:21:23Z MediaWiki default $1 links 3963 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default $1 links 8599 2006-07-01T18:57:58Z MediaWiki default $1 {{PLURAL:$1|link|links}} MediaWiki:Allpages 392 sysop 60 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default All pages 787 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default All pages 1487 2004-06-29T12:22:00Z MediaWiki default All pages 2737 2004-12-23T04:20:16Z MediaWiki default All pages 3964 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default All pages MediaWiki:Randompage 393 sysop 502 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Random page 1229 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Random page 1936 2004-06-29T12:23:42Z MediaWiki default Random page 3236 2004-12-23T04:21:39Z MediaWiki default Random page 3965 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Random page MediaWiki:Shortpages 394 sysop 570 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Short pages 1297 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Short pages 2001 2004-06-29T12:23:55Z MediaWiki default Short pages 3308 2004-12-23T04:21:56Z MediaWiki default Short pages 3966 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Short pages MediaWiki:Longpages 395 sysop 317 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Long pages 1044 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Long pages 1747 2004-06-29T12:22:50Z MediaWiki default Long pages 3022 2004-12-23T04:21:12Z MediaWiki default Long pages 3967 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Long pages MediaWiki:Deadendpages 396 sysop 150 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Dead-end pages 877 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Dead-end pages 1579 2004-06-29T12:22:16Z MediaWiki default Dead-end pages 2841 2004-12-23T04:20:28Z MediaWiki default Dead-end pages 3968 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Dead-end pages MediaWiki:Listusers 397 sysop 292 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default User list 1019 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default User list 1722 2004-06-29T12:22:47Z MediaWiki default User list 2998 2004-12-23T04:21:05Z MediaWiki default User list 3969 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default User list MediaWiki:Specialpages 398 sysop 588 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Special pages 1315 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Special pages 2021 2004-06-29T12:23:57Z MediaWiki default Special pages 3368 2004-12-23T04:22:00Z MediaWiki default Special pages 3970 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Special pages MediaWiki:Spheading 399 sysop 589 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Special pages for all users 1316 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Special pages for all users 2022 2004-06-29T12:23:57Z MediaWiki default Special pages for all users 3369 2004-12-23T04:22:00Z MediaWiki default Special pages for all users 3971 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Special pages for all users MediaWiki:Sysopspheading 400 sysop 600 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default For sysop use only 1327 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default For sysop use only 3972 2004-06-29T12:23:58Z MediaWiki default For sysop use only MediaWiki:Developerspheading 401 sysop 165 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default For developer use only 892 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default For developer use only 3973 2004-06-29T12:22:19Z MediaWiki default For developer use only MediaWiki:Protectpage 402 sysop 485 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Protect page 1212 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Protect page 1918 2004-06-29T12:23:27Z MediaWiki default Protect page 3218 2004-12-23T04:21:35Z MediaWiki default Protect page 3974 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Protect page MediaWiki:Recentchangeslinked 403 sysop 517 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Related changes 1244 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Related changes 1951 2004-06-29T12:23:43Z MediaWiki default Related changes 3255 2004-12-23T04:21:44Z MediaWiki default Related changes 3975 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Related changes MediaWiki:Rclsub 404 sysop 509 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default (to pages linked from "$1") 1236 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default (to pages linked from "$1") 1943 2004-06-29T12:23:43Z MediaWiki default (to pages linked from "$1") 3244 2004-12-23T04:21:41Z MediaWiki default (to pages linked from "$1") 3976 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default (to pages linked from "$1") MediaWiki:Debug 405 sysop 151 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Debug 878 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Debug 1580 2004-06-29T12:22:17Z MediaWiki default Debug 2842 2004-12-23T04:20:29Z MediaWiki default Debug 3977 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Debug MediaWiki:Newpages 406 sysop 386 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default New pages 1113 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default New pages 1816 2004-06-29T12:23:11Z MediaWiki default New pages 3103 2004-12-23T04:21:22Z MediaWiki default New pages 3978 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default New pages 6242 2005-09-15T12:54:47Z Bombo 12 Ekakoli ya sika MediaWiki:Ancientpages 407 sysop 64 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Oldest articles 791 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Oldest pages 1491 2004-06-29T12:22:01Z MediaWiki default Oldest pages 2745 2004-12-23T04:20:17Z MediaWiki default Oldest pages 3979 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Oldest pages MediaWiki:Intl 408 sysop 265 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Interlanguage links 992 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Interlanguage links 1694 2004-06-29T12:22:43Z MediaWiki default Interlanguage links 2969 2004-12-23T04:20:57Z MediaWiki default Interlanguage links 3980 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Interlanguage links MediaWiki:Movethispage 409 sysop 373 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Move this page 1100 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Move this page 1803 2004-06-29T12:23:09Z MediaWiki default Move this page 3083 2004-12-23T04:21:21Z MediaWiki default Move this page 3981 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Move this page MediaWiki:Unusedimagestext 410 sysop 693 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default <p>Please note that other web sites may link to an image with a direct URL, and so may still be listed here despite being in active use. 1382 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default <p>Please note that other web sites may link to an image with a direct URL, and so may still be listed here despite being in active use. 2089 2004-06-29T12:24:16Z MediaWiki default <p>Please note that other web sites may link to an image with a direct URL, and so may still be listed here despite being in active use. 3460 2004-12-23T04:22:04Z MediaWiki default <p>Please note that other web sites may link to an image with a direct URL, and so may still be listed here despite being in active use. 3982 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default <p>Please note that other web sites may link to an image with a direct URL, and so may still be listed here despite being in active use.</p> MediaWiki:Booksources 411 sysop 98 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Book sources 825 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Book sources 1525 2004-06-29T12:22:09Z MediaWiki default Book sources 2784 2004-12-23T04:20:22Z MediaWiki default Book sources 3983 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Book sources MediaWiki:Booksourcetext 412 sysop 99 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of links to other sites that sell new and used books, and may also have further information about books you are looking for.MediaWiki is not affiliated with any of these businesses, and this list should not be construed as an endorsement. 826 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of links to other sites that sell new and used books, and may also have further information about books you are looking for.Wikipedia is not affiliated with any of these businesses, and this list should not be construed as an endorsement. 1526 2004-06-29T12:22:10Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of links to other sites that sell new and used books, and may also have further information about books you are looking for.Wikipedia is not affiliated with any of these businesses, and this list should not be construed as an endorsement. 2785 2004-12-23T04:20:22Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of links to other sites that sell new and used books, and may also have further information about books you are looking for. {{SITENAME}} is not affiliated with any of these businesses, and this list should not be construed as an endorsement. 3984 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of links to other sites that sell new and used books, and may also have further information about books you are looking for. {{SITENAME}} is not affiliated with any of these businesses, and this list should not be construed as an endorsement. 5771 2005-07-29T10:52:01Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of links to other sites that sell new and used books, and may also have further information about books you are looking for. MediaWiki:Alphaindexline 413 sysop 61 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default $1 to $2 788 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default $1 to $2 1488 2004-06-29T12:22:01Z MediaWiki default $1 to $2 2742 2004-12-23T04:20:16Z MediaWiki default $1 to $2 3985 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default $1 to $2 MediaWiki:Mailnologin 414 sysop 321 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default No send address 1048 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default No send address 1751 2004-06-29T12:22:51Z MediaWiki default No send address 3026 2004-12-23T04:21:12Z MediaWiki default No send address 3986 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default No send address MediaWiki:Mailnologintext 415 sysop 322 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default You must be <a href="{{localurl:Special:Userlogin">logged in</a> and have a valid e-mail address in your <a href="/wiki/Special:Preferences">preferences</a> to send e-mail to other users. 1049 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default You must be <a href="{{localurl:Special:Userlogin">logged in</a> and have a valid e-mail address in your <a href="/wiki/Special:Preferences">preferences</a> to send e-mail to other users. 1752 2004-06-29T12:22:51Z MediaWiki default You must be <a href="{{localurl:Special:Userlogin">logged in</a> and have a valid e-mail address in your <a href="/wiki/Special:Preferences">preferences</a> to send e-mail to other users. 3027 2004-12-23T04:21:12Z MediaWiki default You must be <a href="{{localurl:Special:Userlogin">logged in</a> and have a valid e-mail address in your <a href="{{localurl:Special:Preferences}}">preferences</a> to send e-mail to other users. 3987 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default You must be <a href="{{localurl:Special:Userlogin">logged in</a> and have a valid e-mail address in your <a href="{{localurl:Special:Preferences}}">preferences</a> to send e-mail to other users. 5061 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default You must be [[Special:Userlogin|logged in]] and have a valid e-mail address in your [[Special:Preferences|preferences]] to send e-mail to other users. MediaWiki:Emailuser 416 sysop 198 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default E-mail this user 925 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default E-mail this user 1626 2004-06-29T12:22:35Z MediaWiki default E-mail this user 2895 2004-12-23T04:20:43Z MediaWiki default E-mail this user 3988 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default E-mail this user MediaWiki:Emailpage 417 sysop 191 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default E-mail user 918 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default E-mail user 1619 2004-06-29T12:22:34Z MediaWiki default E-mail user 2889 2004-12-23T04:20:42Z MediaWiki default E-mail user 3989 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default E-mail user MediaWiki:Emailpagetext 418 sysop 192 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default If this user has entered a valid e-mail address in his or her user preferences, the form below will send a single message. The e-mail address you entered in your user preferences will appear as the "From" address of the mail, so the recipient will be able to reply. 919 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default If this user has entered a valid e-mail address in his or her user preferences, the form below will send a single message. The e-mail address you entered in your user preferences will appear as the "From" address of the mail, so the recipient will be able to reply. 1620 2004-06-29T12:22:34Z MediaWiki default If this user has entered a valid e-mail address in his or her user preferences, the form below will send a single message. The e-mail address you entered in your user preferences will appear as the "From" address of the mail, so the recipient will be able to reply. 2890 2004-12-23T04:20:42Z MediaWiki default If this user has entered a valid e-mail address in his or her user preferences, the form below will send a single message. The e-mail address you entered in your user preferences will appear as the "From" address of the mail, so the recipient will be able to reply. 3990 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default If this user has entered a valid e-mail address in his or her user preferences, the form below will send a single message. The e-mail address you entered in your user preferences will appear as the "From" address of the mail, so the recipient will be able to reply. MediaWiki:Noemailtitle 419 sysop 405 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default No e-mail address 1132 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default No e-mail address 1837 2004-06-29T12:23:16Z MediaWiki default No e-mail address 3127 2004-12-23T04:21:25Z MediaWiki default No e-mail address 3991 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default No e-mail address MediaWiki:Noemailtext 420 sysop 404 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default This user has not specified a valid e-mail address, or has chosen not to receive e-mail from other users. 1131 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default This user has not specified a valid e-mail address, or has chosen not to receive e-mail from other users. 1836 2004-06-29T12:23:16Z MediaWiki default This user has not specified a valid e-mail address, or has chosen not to receive e-mail from other users. 3126 2004-12-23T04:21:25Z MediaWiki default This user has not specified a valid e-mail address, or has chosen not to receive e-mail from other users. 3992 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default This user has not specified a valid e-mail address, or has chosen not to receive e-mail from other users. MediaWiki:Emailfrom 421 sysop 189 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default From 916 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default From 1617 2004-06-29T12:22:34Z MediaWiki default From 2887 2004-12-23T04:20:41Z MediaWiki default From 3993 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default From 9690 2006-11-11T18:29:41Z Bombo 12 Na MediaWiki:Emailto 422 sysop 197 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default To 924 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default To 1625 2004-06-29T12:22:35Z MediaWiki default To 2894 2004-12-23T04:20:43Z MediaWiki default To 3994 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default To MediaWiki:Emailsubject 423 sysop 196 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Subject 923 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Subject 1624 2004-06-29T12:22:34Z MediaWiki default Subject 2893 2004-12-23T04:20:42Z MediaWiki default Subject 3995 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Subject MediaWiki:Emailmessage 424 sysop 190 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Message 917 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Message 1618 2004-06-29T12:22:34Z MediaWiki default Message 2888 2004-12-23T04:20:41Z MediaWiki default Message 3996 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Message MediaWiki:Emailsend 425 sysop 193 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Send 920 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Send 1621 2004-06-29T12:22:34Z MediaWiki default Send 2535 2004-12-23T04:20:42Z MediaWiki default Send 3997 2005-04-02T16:24:28Z Bombo 12 kotinda / envoyer 6230 2005-09-15T12:15:27Z Bombo 12 kotinda MediaWiki:Emailsent 426 sysop 194 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default E-mail sent 921 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default E-mail sent 1622 2004-06-29T12:22:34Z MediaWiki default E-mail sent 2891 2004-12-23T04:20:42Z MediaWiki default E-mail sent 3998 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default E-mail sent MediaWiki:Emailsenttext 427 sysop 195 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Your e-mail message has been sent. 922 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Your e-mail message has been sent. 1623 2004-06-29T12:22:34Z MediaWiki default Your e-mail message has been sent. 2892 2004-12-23T04:20:42Z MediaWiki default Your e-mail message has been sent. 3999 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Your e-mail message has been sent. MediaWiki:Watchlist 428 sysop 733 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default My watchlist 1421 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default My watchlist 2129 2004-06-29T12:24:20Z MediaWiki default My watchlist 3537 2004-12-23T04:22:07Z MediaWiki default My watchlist 4000 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default My watchlist 6344 2005-09-27T16:42:08Z Bombo 12 na ngáí 6414 2005-10-09T15:49:23Z Moyogo 11 Nkásá na ngáí Nkásá na ngáí MediaWiki:Watchlistsub 429 sysop 735 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default (for user "$1") 1423 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default (for user "$1") 2131 2004-06-29T12:24:21Z MediaWiki default (for user "$1") 3539 2004-12-23T04:22:07Z MediaWiki default (for user "$1") 4001 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default (for user "$1") MediaWiki:Nowatchlist 430 sysop 425 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default You have no items on your watchlist. 1152 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default You have no items on your watchlist. 1857 2004-06-29T12:23:18Z MediaWiki default You have no items on your watchlist. 3151 2004-12-23T04:21:26Z MediaWiki default You have no items on your watchlist. 4002 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default You have no items on your watchlist. MediaWiki:Watchnologin 431 sysop 739 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Not logged in 1427 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Not logged in 2135 2004-06-29T12:24:21Z MediaWiki default Not logged in 3543 2004-12-23T04:22:07Z MediaWiki default Not logged in 4003 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Not logged in MediaWiki:Watchnologintext 432 sysop 740 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default You must be <a href="/wiki/Special:Userlogin">logged in</a> to modify your watchlist. 1428 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default You must be <a href="/wiki/Special:Userlogin">logged in</a> to modify your watchlist. 2136 2004-06-29T12:24:21Z MediaWiki default You must be <a href="/wiki/Special:Userlogin">logged in</a> to modify your watchlist. 3544 2004-12-23T04:22:07Z MediaWiki default You must be <a href="{{localurl:Special:Userlogin}}">logged in</a> to modify your watchlist. 4004 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default You must be <a href="{{localurl:Special:Userlogin}}">logged in</a> to modify your watchlist. 5195 2005-07-03T13:06:27Z MediaWiki default You must be [[Special:Userlogin|logged in]] to modify your watchlist. 5835 2005-07-29T10:52:05Z MediaWiki default You must be [[Special:Userlogin|logged in]] to modify your watchlist. MediaWiki:Addedwatch 433 sysop 52 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Added to watchlist 779 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Added to watchlist 1479 2004-06-29T12:21:59Z MediaWiki default Added to watchlist 2725 2004-12-23T04:20:16Z MediaWiki default Added to watchlist 4005 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Added to watchlist MediaWiki:Addedwatchtext 434 sysop 53 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default The page "$1" has been added to your [[Special:Watchlist|watchlist]]. Future changes to this page and its associated Talk page will be listed there, and the page will appear '''bolded''' in the [[Special:Recentchanges|list of recent changes]] to make it easier to pick out. <p>If you want to remove the page from your watchlist later, click "Stop watching" in the sidebar. 780 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default The page "$1" has been added to your [[Special:Watchlist|watchlist]]. Future changes to this page and its associated Talk page will be listed there, and the page will appear '''bolded''' in the [[Special:Recentchanges|list of recent changes]] to make it easier to pick out. <p>If you want to remove the page from your watchlist later, click "Stop watching" in the sidebar. 1480 2004-06-29T12:21:59Z MediaWiki default The page "$1" has been added to your [[Special:Watchlist|watchlist]]. Future changes to this page and its associated Talk page will be listed there, and the page will appear '''bolded''' in the [[Special:Recentchanges|list of recent changes]] to make it easier to pick out. <p>If you want to remove the page from your watchlist later, click "Stop watching" in the sidebar. 2726 2004-12-23T04:20:16Z MediaWiki default The page "$1" has been added to your [[Special:Watchlist|watchlist]]. Future changes to this page and its associated Talk page will be listed there, and the page will appear '''bolded''' in the [[Special:Recentchanges|list of recent changes]] to make it easier to pick out. <p>If you want to remove the page from your watchlist later, click "Stop watching" in the sidebar. 4006 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default The page "$1" has been added to your [[Special:Watchlist|watchlist]]. Future changes to this page and its associated Talk page will be listed there, and the page will appear '''bolded''' in the [[Special:Recentchanges|list of recent changes]] to make it easier to pick out. <p>If you want to remove the page from your watchlist later, click "Stop watching" in the sidebar. 6001 2005-08-19T23:24:02Z MediaWiki default The page "$1" has been added to your [[Special:Watchlist|watchlist]]. Future changes to this page and its associated Talk page will be listed there, and the page will appear '''bolded''' in the [[Special:Recentchanges|list of recent changes]] to make it easier to pick out. <p>If you want to remove the page from your watchlist later, click "Unwatch" in the sidebar. 8521 2006-07-01T18:57:56Z MediaWiki default The page "[[:$1]]" has been added to your [[Special:Watchlist|watchlist]]. Future changes to this page and its associated Talk page will be listed there, and the page will appear '''bolded''' in the [[Special:Recentchanges|list of recent changes]] to make it easier to pick out. If you want to remove the page from your watchlist later, click "Unwatch" in the sidebar. MediaWiki:Removedwatch 435 sysop 522 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Removed from watchlist 1249 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Removed from watchlist 1956 2004-06-29T12:23:44Z MediaWiki default Removed from watchlist 3260 2004-12-23T04:21:46Z MediaWiki default Removed from watchlist 4007 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Removed from watchlist MediaWiki:Removedwatchtext 436 sysop 523 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default The page "$1" has been removed from your watchlist. 1250 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default The page "$1" has been removed from your watchlist. 1957 2004-06-29T12:23:44Z MediaWiki default The page "$1" has been removed from your watchlist. 3261 2004-12-23T04:21:46Z MediaWiki default The page "$1" has been removed from your watchlist. 4008 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default The page "$1" has been removed from your watchlist. 8633 2006-07-01T18:57:58Z MediaWiki default The page "[[:$1]]" has been removed from your watchlist. MediaWiki:Watchthispage 437 sysop 742 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Watch this page 1430 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Watch this page 2138 2004-06-29T12:24:21Z MediaWiki default Watch this page 3546 2004-12-23T04:22:08Z MediaWiki default Watch this page 4009 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Watch this page 6350 2005-09-27T16:50:41Z Bombo 12 Kobáta lonkásá óyo MediaWiki:Unwatchthispage 438 sysop 695 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Stop watching 1384 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Stop watching 2091 2004-06-29T12:24:16Z MediaWiki default Stop watching 3462 2004-12-23T04:22:04Z MediaWiki default Stop watching 4010 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Stop watching MediaWiki:Notanarticle 439 sysop 418 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Not an article 1145 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Not a content page 1850 2004-06-29T12:23:17Z MediaWiki default Not a content page 3143 2004-12-23T04:21:26Z MediaWiki default Not a content page 4011 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Not a content page MediaWiki:Watchnochange 440 sysop 738 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default None of your watched items were edited in the time period displayed. 1426 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default None of your watched items were edited in the time period displayed. 2134 2004-06-29T12:24:21Z MediaWiki default None of your watched items were edited in the time period displayed. 3542 2004-12-23T04:22:07Z MediaWiki default None of your watched items were edited in the time period displayed. 4012 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default None of your watched items were edited in the time period displayed. 5834 2005-07-29T10:52:05Z MediaWiki default None of your watched items was edited in the time period displayed. MediaWiki:Watchdetails 441 sysop 731 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default ($1 pages watched not counting talk pages; $2 total pages edited since cutoff; $3... <a href='$4'>show and edit complete list</a>.) 1419 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default ($1 pages watched not counting talk pages; $2 total pages edited since cutoff; $3... <a href='$4'>show and edit complete list</a>.) 2127 2004-06-29T12:24:20Z MediaWiki default ($1 pages watched not counting talk pages; $2 total pages edited since cutoff; $3... <a href='$4'>show and edit complete list</a>.) 3535 2004-12-23T04:22:06Z MediaWiki default ($1 pages watched not counting talk pages; $2 total pages edited since cutoff; $3... <a href='$4'>show and edit complete list</a>.) 4013 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default ($1 pages watched not counting talk pages; $2 total pages edited since cutoff; $3... <a href='$4'>show and edit complete list</a>.) 5191 2005-07-03T13:06:27Z MediaWiki default * $1 pages watched not counting talk pages * [[Special:Watchlist/edit|Show and edit complete watchlist]] 5833 2005-07-29T10:52:05Z MediaWiki default * $1 pages watched not counting talk pages * [[Special:Watchlist/edit|Show and edit complete watchlist]] 6026 2005-08-19T23:24:05Z MediaWiki default * $1 pages watched not counting talk pages * [[Special:Watchlist/edit|Show and edit complete watchlist]] 6152 2005-09-05T09:37:08Z MediaWiki default * $1 pages watched not counting talk pages * [[Special:Watchlist/edit|Show and edit complete watchlist]] 6873 2005-11-09T22:45:20Z MediaWiki default * $1 pages watched not counting talk pages * [[Special:Watchlist/edit|Show and edit complete watchlist]] 7075 2005-11-29T21:17:27Z MediaWiki default * $1 pages watched not counting talk pages * [[Special:Watchlist/edit|Show and edit complete watchlist]] 7114 2005-12-02T02:29:57Z MediaWiki default * $1 pages watched not counting talk pages * [[Special:Watchlist/edit|Show and edit complete watchlist]] 7134 2005-12-02T04:04:52Z MediaWiki default * $1 pages watched not counting talk pages * [[Special:Watchlist/edit|Show and edit complete watchlist]] 8671 2006-07-01T18:57:59Z MediaWiki default * $1 pages watched not counting talk pages * [[Special:Watchlist/edit|Show and edit complete watchlist]] * [[Special:Watchlist/clear|Remove all pages]] 9631 2006-10-25T19:01:15Z MediaWiki default 90 * {{PLURAL:$1|$1 page|$1 pages}} watched not counting talk pages * [[Special:Watchlist/edit|Show and edit complete watchlist]] * [[Special:Watchlist/clear|Remove all pages]] MediaWiki:Watchmethod-recent 442 sysop 737 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default checking recent edits for watched pages 1425 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default checking recent edits for watched pages 2133 2004-06-29T12:24:21Z MediaWiki default checking recent edits for watched pages 3541 2004-12-23T04:22:07Z MediaWiki default checking recent edits for watched pages 4014 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default checking recent edits for watched pages MediaWiki:Watchmethod-list 443 sysop 736 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default checking watched pages for recent edits 1424 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default checking watched pages for recent edits 2132 2004-06-29T12:24:21Z MediaWiki default checking watched pages for recent edits 3540 2004-12-23T04:22:07Z MediaWiki default checking watched pages for recent edits 4015 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default checking watched pages for recent edits MediaWiki:Removechecked 444 sysop 521 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Remove checked items from watchlist 1248 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Remove checked items from watchlist 1955 2004-06-29T12:23:44Z MediaWiki default Remove checked items from watchlist 3259 2004-12-23T04:21:46Z MediaWiki default Remove checked items from watchlist 4016 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Remove checked items from watchlist MediaWiki:Watchlistcontains 445 sysop 734 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Your watchlist contains $1 pages. 1422 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Your watchlist contains $1 pages. 2130 2004-06-29T12:24:20Z MediaWiki default Your watchlist contains $1 pages. 3538 2004-12-23T04:22:07Z MediaWiki default Your watchlist contains $1 pages. 4017 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Your watchlist contains $1 pages. MediaWiki:Watcheditlist 446 sysop 732 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Here's an alphabetical list of your watched pages. Check the boxes of pages you want to remove from your watchlist and click the 'remove checked' button at the bottom of the screen. 1420 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Here's an alphabetical list of your watched pages. Check the boxes of pages you want to remove from your watchlist and click the 'remove checked' button at the bottom of the screen. 2128 2004-06-29T12:24:20Z MediaWiki default Here's an alphabetical list of your watched pages. Check the boxes of pages you want to remove from your watchlist and click the 'remove checked' button at the bottom of the screen. 3536 2004-12-23T04:22:06Z MediaWiki default Here's an alphabetical list of your watched pages. Check the boxes of pages you want to remove from your watchlist and click the 'remove checked' button at the bottom of the screen. 4018 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Here's an alphabetical list of your watched pages. Check the boxes of pages you want to remove from your watchlist and click the 'remove checked' button at the bottom of the screen. 5192 2005-07-03T13:06:27Z MediaWiki default Here's an alphabetical list of your watched content pages. Check the boxes of pages you want to remove from your watchlist and click the 'remove checked' button at the bottom of the screen (deleting a content page also deletes the accompanying talk page and vice versa). 6484 2005-10-14T10:04:34Z Bombo 12 Here's an alphabetical list of your watched content pages. Check the boxes of pages you want to remove from your watchlist and click the 'remove checked' button at the bottom of the enómisi (deleting a content page also deletes the accompanying talk page and vice versa). 8058 2006-04-25T09:29:39Z Bombo 12 enómisi>emɔ́nisi Here's an alphabetical list of your watched content pages. Check the boxes of pages you want to remove from your watchlist and click the 'remove checked' button at the bottom of the emɔ́nisi (deleting a content page also deletes the accompanying talk page and vice versa). MediaWiki:Removingchecked 447 sysop 524 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Removing requested items from watchlist... 1251 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Removing requested items from watchlist... 1958 2004-06-29T12:23:44Z MediaWiki default Removing requested items from watchlist... 3262 2004-12-23T04:21:46Z MediaWiki default Removing requested items from watchlist... 4019 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Removing requested items from watchlist... MediaWiki:Couldntremove 448 sysop 140 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Couldn't remove item '$1'... 867 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Couldn't remove item '$1'... 1568 2004-06-29T12:22:14Z MediaWiki default Couldn't remove item '$1'... 2827 2004-12-23T04:20:28Z MediaWiki default Couldn't remove item '$1'... 4020 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Couldn't remove item '$1'... MediaWiki:Iteminvalidname 449 sysop 279 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Problem with item '$1', invalid name... 1006 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Problem with item '$1', invalid name... 1708 2004-06-29T12:22:45Z MediaWiki default Problem with item '$1', invalid name... 2983 2004-12-23T04:21:02Z MediaWiki default Problem with item '$1', invalid name... 4021 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Problem with item '$1', invalid name... MediaWiki:Wlnote 450 sysop 753 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Below are the last $1 changes in the last <b>$2</b> hours. 1441 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Below are the last $1 changes in the last <b>$2</b> hours. 2149 2004-06-29T12:24:24Z MediaWiki default Below are the last $1 changes in the last <b>$2</b> hours. 3557 2004-12-23T04:22:10Z MediaWiki default Below are the last $1 changes in the last <b>$2</b> hours. 4022 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Below are the last $1 changes in the last <b>$2</b> hours. MediaWiki:Wlshowlast 451 sysop 755 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Show last $1 hours $2 days $3 1443 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Show last $1 hours $2 days $3 2151 2004-06-29T12:24:24Z MediaWiki default Show last $1 hours $2 days $3 3559 2004-12-23T04:22:10Z MediaWiki default Show last $1 hours $2 days $3 4023 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Show last $1 hours $2 days $3 MediaWiki:Wlsaved 452 sysop 754 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default This is a saved version of your watchlist. 1442 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default This is a saved version of your watchlist. 2150 2004-06-29T12:24:24Z MediaWiki default This is a saved version of your watchlist. 3558 2004-12-23T04:22:10Z MediaWiki default This is a saved version of your watchlist. 4024 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default This is a saved version of your watchlist. MediaWiki:Deletepage 453 sysop 159 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Delete page 886 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Delete page 1588 2004-06-29T12:22:18Z MediaWiki default Delete page 2854 2004-12-23T04:20:30Z MediaWiki default Delete page 4025 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Delete page MediaWiki:Confirm 454 sysop 123 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Confirm 850 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Confirm 1551 2004-06-29T12:22:12Z MediaWiki default Confirm 2810 2004-12-23T04:20:27Z MediaWiki default Confirm 4026 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Confirm MediaWiki:Excontent 455 sysop 204 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default content was: 931 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default content was: 1632 2004-06-29T12:22:36Z MediaWiki default content was: 2902 2004-12-23T04:20:43Z MediaWiki default content was: 4027 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default content was: 4772 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default content was: '$1' MediaWiki:Exbeforeblank 456 sysop 202 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default content before blanking was: 929 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default content before blanking was: 1630 2004-06-29T12:22:36Z MediaWiki default content before blanking was: 2900 2004-12-23T04:20:43Z MediaWiki default content before blanking was: 4028 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default content before blanking was: 4771 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default content before blanking was: '$1' MediaWiki:Exblank 457 sysop 203 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default page was empty 930 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default page was empty 1631 2004-06-29T12:22:36Z MediaWiki default page was empty 2901 2004-12-23T04:20:43Z MediaWiki default page was empty 4029 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default page was empty MediaWiki:Confirmdelete 458 sysop 125 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Confirm delete 852 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Confirm delete 1553 2004-06-29T12:22:13Z MediaWiki default Confirm delete 2812 2004-12-23T04:20:27Z MediaWiki default Confirm delete 4030 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Confirm delete MediaWiki:Deletesub 459 sysop 160 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default (Deleting "$1") 887 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default (Deleting "$1") 1589 2004-06-29T12:22:18Z MediaWiki default (Deleting "$1") 2856 2004-12-23T04:20:30Z MediaWiki default (Deleting "$1") 4031 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default (Deleting "$1") MediaWiki:Historywarning 460 sysop 239 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Warning: The page you are about to delete has a history: 966 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Warning: The page you are about to delete has a history: 1668 2004-06-29T12:22:40Z MediaWiki default Warning: The page you are about to delete has a history: 2939 2004-12-23T04:20:50Z MediaWiki default Warning: The page you are about to delete has a history: 4032 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Warning: The page you are about to delete has a history: 7748 2006-02-26T01:55:30Z MediaWiki default Warning: The page you are about to delete has a history: MediaWiki:Confirmdeletetext 461 sysop 126 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default You are about to permanently delete a page or image along with all of its history from the database. Please confirm that you intend to do this, that you understand the consequences, and that you are doing this in accordance with [[Wikipedia:Policy]]. 853 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default You are about to permanently delete a page or image along with all of its history from the database. Please confirm that you intend to do this, that you understand the consequences, and that you are doing this in accordance with [[Wikipedia:Policy]]. 1554 2004-06-29T12:22:13Z MediaWiki default You are about to permanently delete a page or image along with all of its history from the database. Please confirm that you intend to do this, that you understand the consequences, and that you are doing this in accordance with [[Wikipedia:Policy]]. 2813 2004-12-23T04:20:27Z MediaWiki default You are about to permanently delete a page or image along with all of its history from the database. Please confirm that you intend to do this, that you understand the consequences, and that you are doing this in accordance with [[Project:Policy]]. 4033 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default You are about to permanently delete a page or image along with all of its history from the database. Please confirm that you intend to do this, that you understand the consequences, and that you are doing this in accordance with [[Project:Policy]]. 8539 2006-07-01T18:57:57Z MediaWiki default You are about to permanently delete a page or image along with all of its history from the database. Please confirm that you intend to do this, that you understand the consequences, and that you are doing this in accordance with [[{{ns:project}}:Policy]]. MediaWiki:Confirmcheck 462 sysop 124 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Yes, I really want to delete this. 851 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Yes, I really want to delete this. 1552 2004-06-29T12:22:12Z MediaWiki default Yes, I really want to delete this. 2811 2004-12-23T04:20:27Z MediaWiki default Yes, I really want to delete this. 4034 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Yes, I really want to delete this. MediaWiki:Actioncomplete 463 sysop 51 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Action complete 778 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Action complete 1478 2004-06-29T12:21:59Z MediaWiki default Action complete 2724 2004-12-23T04:20:14Z MediaWiki default Action complete 4035 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Action complete MediaWiki:Deletedtext 464 sysop 157 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default "$1" has been deleted. See $2 for a record of recent deletions. 884 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default "$1" has been deleted. See $2 for a record of recent deletions. 1586 2004-06-29T12:22:17Z MediaWiki default "$1" has been deleted. See $2 for a record of recent deletions. 2851 2004-12-23T04:20:30Z MediaWiki default "$1" has been deleted. See $2 for a record of recent deletions. 4036 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default "$1" has been deleted. See $2 for a record of recent deletions. MediaWiki:Deletedarticle 465 sysop 156 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default deleted "$1" 883 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default deleted "$1" 1585 2004-06-29T12:22:17Z MediaWiki default deleted "$1" 2849 2004-12-23T04:20:30Z MediaWiki default deleted "$1" 4037 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default deleted "$1" 4753 2005-07-03T13:06:22Z MediaWiki default deleted "[[$1]]" MediaWiki:Dellogpage 466 sysop 163 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Deletion_log 890 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Deletion_log 1592 2004-06-29T12:22:18Z MediaWiki default Deletion_log 2859 2004-12-23T04:20:32Z MediaWiki default Deletion_log 4038 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Deletion_log 8543 2006-07-01T18:57:57Z MediaWiki default Deletion log MediaWiki:Dellogpagetext 467 sysop 164 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of the most recent deletions. All times shown are server time (UTC). <ul> </ul> 891 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of the most recent deletions. All times shown are server time (UTC). <ul> </ul> 1593 2004-06-29T12:22:19Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of the most recent deletions. All times shown are server time (UTC). <ul> </ul> 2860 2004-12-23T04:20:32Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of the most recent deletions. 4039 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of the most recent deletions. MediaWiki:Deletionlog 468 sysop 162 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default deletion log 889 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default deletion log 1591 2004-06-29T12:22:18Z MediaWiki default deletion log 2858 2004-12-23T04:20:32Z MediaWiki default deletion log 4040 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default deletion log MediaWiki:Reverted 469 sysop 533 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Reverted to earlier revision 1260 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Reverted to earlier revision 1967 2004-06-29T12:23:47Z MediaWiki default Reverted to earlier revision 3271 2004-12-23T04:21:49Z MediaWiki default Reverted to earlier revision 4041 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Reverted to earlier revision MediaWiki:Deletecomment 470 sysop 155 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Reason for deletion 882 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Reason for deletion 1584 2004-06-29T12:22:17Z MediaWiki default Reason for deletion 2848 2004-12-23T04:20:30Z MediaWiki default Reason for deletion 4042 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Reason for deletion MediaWiki:Imagereverted 471 sysop 250 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Revert to earlier version was successful. 977 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Revert to earlier version was successful. 1679 2004-06-29T12:22:42Z MediaWiki default Revert to earlier version was successful. 2952 2004-12-23T04:20:54Z MediaWiki default Revert to earlier version was successful. 4043 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Revert to earlier version was successful. MediaWiki:Rollback 472 sysop 542 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Roll back edits 1269 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Roll back edits 1976 2004-06-29T12:23:48Z MediaWiki default Roll back edits 3281 2004-12-23T04:21:51Z MediaWiki default Roll back edits 4044 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Roll back edits MediaWiki:Rollbacklink 473 sysop 545 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default rollback 1272 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default rollback 1979 2004-06-29T12:23:48Z MediaWiki default rollback 3284 2004-12-23T04:21:51Z MediaWiki default rollback 4045 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default rollback MediaWiki:Rollbackfailed 474 sysop 544 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Rollback failed 1271 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Rollback failed 1978 2004-06-29T12:23:48Z MediaWiki default Rollback failed 3283 2004-12-23T04:21:51Z MediaWiki default Rollback failed 4046 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Rollback failed MediaWiki:Cantrollback 475 sysop 114 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Cannot revert edit; last contributor is only author of this article. 841 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Cannot revert edit; last contributor is only author of this page. 1541 2004-06-29T12:22:12Z MediaWiki default Cannot revert edit; last contributor is only author of this page. 2800 2004-12-23T04:20:26Z MediaWiki default Cannot revert edit; last contributor is only author of this page. 4047 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Cannot revert edit; last contributor is only author of this page. MediaWiki:Alreadyrolled 476 sysop 63 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Cannot rollback last edit of [[$1]] by [[User:$2|$2]] ([[User talk:$2|Talk]]); someone else has edited or rolled back the article already. Last edit was by [[User:$3|$3]] ([[User talk:$3|Talk]]). 790 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Cannot rollback last edit of [[$1]] by [[User:$2|$2]] ([[User talk:$2|Talk]]); someone else has edited or rolled back the page already. Last edit was by [[User:$3|$3]] ([[User talk:$3|Talk]]). 1490 2004-06-29T12:22:01Z MediaWiki default Cannot rollback last edit of [[$1]] by [[User:$2|$2]] ([[User talk:$2|Talk]]); someone else has edited or rolled back the page already. Last edit was by [[User:$3|$3]] ([[User talk:$3|Talk]]). 2744 2004-12-23T04:20:17Z MediaWiki default Cannot rollback last edit of [[$1]] by [[User:$2|$2]] ([[User talk:$2|Talk]]); someone else has edited or rolled back the page already. Last edit was by [[User:$3|$3]] ([[User talk:$3|Talk]]). 4048 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Cannot rollback last edit of [[$1]] by [[User:$2|$2]] ([[User talk:$2|Talk]]); someone else has edited or rolled back the page already. Last edit was by [[User:$3|$3]] ([[User talk:$3|Talk]]). 7737 2006-02-26T01:55:29Z MediaWiki default Cannot rollback last edit of [[$1]] by [[User:$2|$2]] ([[User talk:$2|Talk]]); someone else has edited or rolled back the page already. Last edit was by [[User:$3|$3]] ([[User talk:$3|Talk]]). MediaWiki:Editcomment 477 sysop 178 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default The edit comment was: "<i>$1</i>". 905 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default The edit comment was: "<i>$1</i>". 1606 2004-06-29T12:22:29Z MediaWiki default The edit comment was: "<i>$1</i>". 2872 2004-12-23T04:20:39Z MediaWiki default The edit comment was: "<i>$1</i>". 4049 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default The edit comment was: "<i>$1</i>". MediaWiki:Revertpage 478 sysop 535 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Reverted edit of $2, changed back to last version by $1 1262 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Reverted edit of $2, changed back to last version by $1 1969 2004-06-29T12:23:47Z MediaWiki default Reverted edit of $2, changed back to last version by $1 3273 2004-12-23T04:21:49Z MediaWiki default Reverted edit of $2, changed back to last version by $1 4050 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Reverted edit of $2, changed back to last version by $1 8635 2006-07-01T18:57:58Z MediaWiki default Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/$2|$2]] ([[User_talk:$2|Talk]]); changed back to last version by [[User:$1|$1]] MediaWiki:Protectlogpage 479 sysop 483 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Protection_log 1210 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Protection_log 1916 2004-06-29T12:23:27Z MediaWiki default Protection_log 3215 2004-12-23T04:21:33Z MediaWiki default Protection_log 4051 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Protection_log 8623 2006-07-01T18:57:58Z MediaWiki default Protection log MediaWiki:Protectlogtext 480 sysop 484 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of page locks/unlocks. See [[Wikipedia:Protected page]] for more information. 1211 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of page locks/unlocks. See [[Wikipedia:Protected page]] for more information. 1917 2004-06-29T12:23:27Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of page locks/unlocks. See [[Wikipedia:Protected page]] for more information. 3216 2004-12-23T04:21:34Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of page locks/unlocks. See [[Project:Protected page]] for more information. 4052 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of page locks/unlocks. See [[Project:Protected page]] for more information. 8624 2006-07-01T18:57:58Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of page locks and unlocks. MediaWiki:Protectedarticle 481 sysop 479 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default protected [[$1]] 1206 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default protected [[$1]] 1912 2004-06-29T12:23:26Z MediaWiki default protected [[$1]] 3211 2004-12-23T04:21:33Z MediaWiki default protected $1 4053 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default protected $1 5093 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default protected "[[$1]]" MediaWiki:Unprotectedarticle 482 sysop 689 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default unprotected [[$1]] 1378 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default unprotected [[$1]] 2085 2004-06-29T12:24:15Z MediaWiki default unprotected [[$1]] 3456 2004-12-23T04:22:04Z MediaWiki default unprotected $1 4054 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default unprotected $1 5142 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default unprotected "[[$1]]" MediaWiki:Undelete 483 sysop 669 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Restore deleted page 1358 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Restore deleted page 2065 2004-06-29T12:24:01Z MediaWiki default Restore deleted page 3435 2004-12-23T04:22:02Z MediaWiki default Restore deleted page 4055 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Restore deleted page 6145 2005-09-05T09:37:08Z MediaWiki default View deleted pages MediaWiki:Undeletepage 484 sysop 676 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default View and restore deleted pages 1365 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default View and restore deleted pages 2072 2004-06-29T12:24:02Z MediaWiki default View and restore deleted pages 3443 2004-12-23T04:22:03Z MediaWiki default View and restore deleted pages 4056 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default View and restore deleted pages MediaWiki:Undeletepagetext 485 sysop 677 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default The following pages have been deleted but are still in the archive and can be restored. The archive may be periodically cleaned out. 1366 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default The following pages have been deleted but are still in the archive and can be restored. The archive may be periodically cleaned out. 2073 2004-06-29T12:24:02Z MediaWiki default The following pages have been deleted but are still in the archive and can be restored. The archive may be periodically cleaned out. 3444 2004-12-23T04:22:03Z MediaWiki default The following pages have been deleted but are still in the archive and can be restored. The archive may be periodically cleaned out. 4057 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default The following pages have been deleted but are still in the archive and can be restored. The archive may be periodically cleaned out. MediaWiki:Undeletearticle 486 sysop 671 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Restore deleted article 1360 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Restore deleted page 2067 2004-06-29T12:24:01Z MediaWiki default Restore deleted page 3437 2004-12-23T04:22:02Z MediaWiki default Restore deleted page 4058 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Restore deleted page MediaWiki:Undeleterevisions 487 sysop 679 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default $1 revisions archived 1368 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default $1 revisions archived 2075 2004-06-29T12:24:05Z MediaWiki default $1 revisions archived 3446 2004-12-23T04:22:03Z MediaWiki default $1 revisions archived 4059 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default $1 revisions archived MediaWiki:Undeletehistory 488 sysop 675 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default If you restore the page, all revisions will be restored to the history. If a new page with the same name has been created since the deletion, the restored revisions will appear in the prior history, and the current revision of the live page will not be automatically replaced. 1364 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default If you restore the page, all revisions will be restored to the history. If a new page with the same name has been created since the deletion, the restored revisions will appear in the prior history, and the current revision of the live page will not be automatically replaced. 2071 2004-06-29T12:24:02Z MediaWiki default If you restore the page, all revisions will be restored to the history. If a new page with the same name has been created since the deletion, the restored revisions will appear in the prior history, and the current revision of the live page will not be automatically replaced. 3442 2004-12-23T04:22:03Z MediaWiki default If you restore the page, all revisions will be restored to the history. If a new page with the same name has been created since the deletion, the restored revisions will appear in the prior history, and the current revision of the live page will not be automatically replaced. 4060 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default If you restore the page, all revisions will be restored to the history. If a new page with the same name has been created since the deletion, the restored revisions will appear in the prior history, and the current revision of the live page will not be automatically replaced. MediaWiki:Undeleterevision 489 sysop 678 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Deleted revision as of $1 1367 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Deleted revision as of $1 2074 2004-06-29T12:24:03Z MediaWiki default Deleted revision as of $1 3445 2004-12-23T04:22:03Z MediaWiki default Deleted revision as of $1 4061 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Deleted revision as of $1 MediaWiki:Undeletebtn 490 sysop 672 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Restore! 1361 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Restore! 2068 2004-06-29T12:24:01Z MediaWiki default Restore! 3438 2004-12-23T04:22:02Z MediaWiki default Restore! 4062 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Restore! 8657 2006-07-01T18:57:59Z MediaWiki default Restore MediaWiki:Undeletedarticle 491 sysop 673 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default restored "$1" 1362 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default restored "$1" 2069 2004-06-29T12:24:02Z MediaWiki default restored "$1" 3439 2004-12-23T04:22:02Z MediaWiki default restored "$1" 4063 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default restored "$1" 5141 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default restored "[[$1]]" MediaWiki:Undeletedtext 492 sysop 674 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default The article [[$1]] has been successfully restored. See [[Wikipedia:Deletion_log]] for a record of recent deletions and restorations. 1363 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default [[$1]] has been successfully restored. See [[Wikipedia:Deletion_log]] for a record of recent deletions and restorations. 2070 2004-06-29T12:24:02Z MediaWiki default [[$1]] has been successfully restored. See [[Wikipedia:Deletion_log]] for a record of recent deletions and restorations. 3441 2004-12-23T04:22:03Z MediaWiki default [[$1]] has been successfully restored. See [[Special:Log/delete]] for a record of recent deletions and restorations. 4064 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default [[$1]] has been successfully restored. See [[Special:Log/delete]] for a record of recent deletions and restorations. 6865 2005-11-09T22:45:17Z MediaWiki default [[:$1|$1]] has been successfully restored. See [[Special:Log/delete]] for a record of recent deletions and restorations. MediaWiki:Contributions 493 sysop 135 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default User contributions 862 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default User contributions 1563 2004-06-29T12:22:14Z MediaWiki default User contributions 2822 2004-12-23T04:20:27Z MediaWiki default User contributions 4065 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default User contributions MediaWiki:Mycontris 494 sysop 374 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default My contributions 1101 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default My contributions 1804 2004-06-29T12:23:09Z MediaWiki default My contributions 3090 2004-12-23T04:21:22Z MediaWiki default My contributions 4066 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default My contributions 6343 2005-09-27T16:41:15Z Bombo 12 na ngáí 6370 2005-09-28T10:37:25Z Bombo 12 Ntako na ngáí Ntako na ngáí MediaWiki:Contribsub 495 sysop 134 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default For $1 861 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default For $1 1562 2004-06-29T12:22:14Z MediaWiki default For $1 2821 2004-12-23T04:20:27Z MediaWiki default For $1 4067 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default For $1 MediaWiki:Nocontribs 496 sysop 397 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default No changes were found matching these criteria. 1124 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default No changes were found matching these criteria. 1828 2004-06-29T12:23:15Z MediaWiki default No changes were found matching these criteria. 3118 2004-12-23T04:21:24Z MediaWiki default No changes were found matching these criteria. 4068 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default No changes were found matching these criteria. MediaWiki:Ucnote 497 sysop 663 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Below are this user's last <b>$1</b> changes in the last <b>$2</b> days. 1352 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Below are this user's last <b>$1</b> changes in the last <b>$2</b> days. 2059 2004-06-29T12:24:00Z MediaWiki default Below are this user's last <b>$1</b> changes in the last <b>$2</b> days. 3427 2004-12-23T04:22:02Z MediaWiki default Below are this user's last <b>$1</b> changes in the last <b>$2</b> days. 4069 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Below are this user's last <b>$1</b> changes in the last <b>$2</b> days. MediaWiki:Uclinks 498 sysop 662 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default View the last $1 changes; view the last $2 days. 1351 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default View the last $1 changes; view the last $2 days. 2058 2004-06-29T12:24:00Z MediaWiki default View the last $1 changes; view the last $2 days. 3426 2004-12-23T04:22:02Z MediaWiki default View the last $1 changes; view the last $2 days. 4070 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default View the last $1 changes; view the last $2 days. MediaWiki:Uctop 499 sysop 664 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default (top) 1353 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default (top) 2060 2004-06-29T12:24:00Z MediaWiki default (top) 3428 2004-12-23T04:22:02Z MediaWiki default (top) 4071 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default (top) MediaWiki:Notargettitle 500 sysop 420 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default No target 1147 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default No target 1852 2004-06-29T12:23:17Z MediaWiki default No target 3145 2004-12-23T04:21:26Z MediaWiki default No target 4072 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default No target MediaWiki:Notargettext 501 sysop 419 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default You have not specified a target page or user to perform this function on. 1146 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default You have not specified a target page or user to perform this function on. 1851 2004-06-29T12:23:17Z MediaWiki default You have not specified a target page or user to perform this function on. 3144 2004-12-23T04:21:26Z MediaWiki default You have not specified a target page or user to perform this function on. 4073 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default You have not specified a target page or user to perform this function on. MediaWiki:Linklistsub 502 sysop 287 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default (List of links) 1014 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default (List of links) 1716 2004-06-29T12:22:46Z MediaWiki default (List of links) 2991 2004-12-23T04:21:03Z MediaWiki default (List of links) 4074 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default (List of links) MediaWiki:Linkshere 503 sysop 288 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default The following pages link to here: 1015 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default The following pages link to here: 1717 2004-06-29T12:22:46Z MediaWiki default The following pages link to here: 2992 2004-12-23T04:21:04Z MediaWiki default The following pages link to here: 4075 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default The following pages link to here: 9273 2006-08-31T18:54:14Z MediaWiki default The following pages link to '''[[:$1]]''': MediaWiki:Nolinkshere 504 sysop 408 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default No pages link to here. 1135 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default No pages link to here. 1840 2004-06-29T12:23:16Z MediaWiki default No pages link to here. 3131 2004-12-23T04:21:25Z MediaWiki default No pages link to here. 4076 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default No pages link to here. 9282 2006-08-31T18:54:15Z MediaWiki default No pages link to '''[[:$1]]'''. MediaWiki:Isredirect 505 sysop 276 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default redirect page 1003 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default redirect page 1705 2004-06-29T12:22:45Z MediaWiki default redirect page 2980 2004-12-23T04:21:00Z MediaWiki default redirect page 4077 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default redirect page MediaWiki:Blockip 506 sysop 87 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Block user 814 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Block user 1514 2004-06-29T12:22:06Z MediaWiki default Block user 2772 2004-12-23T04:20:21Z MediaWiki default Block user 4078 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Block user MediaWiki:Blockiptext 507 sysop 90 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Use the form below to block write access from a specific IP address or username. This should be done only only to prevent vandalism, and in accordance with [[Wikipedia:Policy|policy]]. Fill in a specific reason below (for example, citing particular pages that were vandalized). 817 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Use the form below to block write access from a specific IP address or username. This should be done only only to prevent vandalism, and in accordance with [[Wikipedia:Policy|policy]]. Fill in a specific reason below (for example, citing particular pages that were vandalized). 1517 2004-06-29T12:22:07Z MediaWiki default Use the form below to block write access from a specific IP address or username. This should be done only only to prevent vandalism, and in accordance with [[Wikipedia:Policy|policy]]. Fill in a specific reason below (for example, citing particular pages that were vandalized). 2775 2004-12-23T04:20:22Z MediaWiki default Use the form below to block write access from a specific IP address or username. This should be done only only to prevent vandalism, and in accordance with [[Project:Policy|policy]]. Fill in a specific reason below (for example, citing particular pages that were vandalized). 4079 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Use the form below to block write access from a specific IP address or username. This should be done only only to prevent vandalism, and in accordance with [[Project:Policy|policy]]. Fill in a specific reason below (for example, citing particular pages that were vandalized). 8531 2006-07-01T18:57:57Z MediaWiki default Use the form below to block write access from a specific IP address or username. This should be done only only to prevent vandalism, and in accordance with [[{{ns:project}}:Policy|policy]]. Fill in a specific reason below (for example, citing particular pages that were vandalized). MediaWiki:Ipaddress 508 sysop 267 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default IP Address/username 994 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default IP Address/username 1696 2004-06-29T12:22:43Z MediaWiki default IP Address/username 2971 2004-12-23T04:20:59Z MediaWiki default IP Address/username 4080 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default IP Address/username 5050 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default IP Address MediaWiki:Ipbreason 509 sysop 271 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Reason 998 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Reason 1700 2004-06-29T12:22:44Z MediaWiki default Reason 2975 2004-12-23T04:21:00Z MediaWiki default Reason 4081 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Reason MediaWiki:Ipbsubmit 510 sysop 272 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Block this user 999 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Block this user 1701 2004-06-29T12:22:44Z MediaWiki default Block this user 2976 2004-12-23T04:21:00Z MediaWiki default Block this user 4082 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Block this user MediaWiki:Badipaddress 511 sysop 78 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Invalid IP address 805 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Invalid IP address 1505 2004-06-29T12:22:03Z MediaWiki default Invalid IP address 2762 2004-12-23T04:20:19Z MediaWiki default Invalid IP address 4083 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Invalid IP address MediaWiki:Noblockreason 512 sysop 395 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default You must supply a reason for the block. 1122 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default You must supply a reason for the block. 1826 2004-06-29T12:23:13Z MediaWiki default You must supply a reason for the block. 3116 2004-12-23T04:21:23Z MediaWiki default You must supply a reason for the block. 4084 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default You must supply a reason for the block. MediaWiki:Blockipsuccesssub 513 sysop 88 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Block succeeded 815 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Block succeeded 1515 2004-06-29T12:22:07Z MediaWiki default Block succeeded 2773 2004-12-23T04:20:22Z MediaWiki default Block succeeded 4085 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Block succeeded MediaWiki:Blockipsuccesstext 514 sysop 89 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default "$1" has been blocked. <br />See [[Special:Ipblocklist|IP block list]] to review blocks. 816 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default "$1" has been blocked. <br />See [[Special:Ipblocklist|IP block list]] to review blocks. 1516 2004-06-29T12:22:07Z MediaWiki default "$1" has been blocked. <br />See [[Special:Ipblocklist|IP block list]] to review blocks. 2774 2004-12-23T04:20:22Z MediaWiki default "$1" has been blocked. <br />See [[Special:Ipblocklist|IP block list]] to review blocks. 4086 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default "$1" has been blocked. <br />See [[Special:Ipblocklist|IP block list]] to review blocks. 5770 2005-07-29T10:52:01Z MediaWiki default [[{{ns:Special}}:Contributions/$1|$1]] has been blocked. <br />See[[{{ns:Special}}:Ipblocklist|IP block list]] to review blocks. 7741 2006-02-26T01:55:29Z MediaWiki default [[{{ns:Special}}:Contributions/$1|$1]] has been blocked. <br />See [[{{ns:Special}}:Ipblocklist|IP block list]] to review blocks. MediaWiki:Unblockip 515 sysop 665 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Unblock user 1354 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Unblock user 2061 2004-06-29T12:24:01Z MediaWiki default Unblock user 3429 2004-12-23T04:22:02Z MediaWiki default Unblock user 4087 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Unblock user MediaWiki:Unblockiptext 516 sysop 666 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Use the form below to restore write access to a previously blocked IP address or username. 1355 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Use the form below to restore write access to a previously blocked IP address or username. 2062 2004-06-29T12:24:01Z MediaWiki default Use the form below to restore write access to a previously blocked IP address or username. 3430 2004-12-23T04:22:02Z MediaWiki default Use the form below to restore write access to a previously blocked IP address or username. 4088 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Use the form below to restore write access to a previously blocked IP address or username. MediaWiki:Ipusubmit 517 sysop 273 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Unblock this address 1000 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Unblock this address 1702 2004-06-29T12:22:45Z MediaWiki default Unblock this address 2977 2004-12-23T04:21:00Z MediaWiki default Unblock this address 4089 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Unblock this address MediaWiki:Ipusuccess 518 sysop 274 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default "$1" unblocked 1001 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default "$1" unblocked 1703 2004-06-29T12:22:45Z MediaWiki default "$1" unblocked 2978 2004-12-23T04:21:00Z MediaWiki default "$1" unblocked 4090 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default "$1" unblocked 5055 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default "[[$1]]" unblocked MediaWiki:Ipblocklist 519 sysop 270 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default List of blocked IP addresses and usernames 997 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default List of blocked IP addresses and usernames 1699 2004-06-29T12:22:44Z MediaWiki default List of blocked IP addresses and usernames 2974 2004-12-23T04:20:59Z MediaWiki default List of blocked IP addresses and usernames 4091 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default List of blocked IP addresses and usernames MediaWiki:Blocklistline 520 sysop 92 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default $1, $2 blocked $3 (expires $4) 819 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default $1, $2 blocked $3 (expires $4) 1519 2004-06-29T12:22:08Z MediaWiki default $1, $2 blocked $3 (expires $4) 2777 2004-12-23T04:20:22Z MediaWiki default $1, $2 blocked $3 (expires $4) 4092 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default $1, $2 blocked $3 (expires $4) 6003 2005-08-19T23:24:02Z MediaWiki default $1, $2 blocked $3 ($4) MediaWiki:Blocklink 521 sysop 91 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default block 818 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default block 1518 2004-06-29T12:22:08Z MediaWiki default block 2776 2004-12-23T04:20:22Z MediaWiki default block 4093 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default block MediaWiki:Unblocklink 522 sysop 667 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default unblock 1356 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default unblock 2063 2004-06-29T12:24:01Z MediaWiki default unblock 3431 2004-12-23T04:22:02Z MediaWiki default unblock 4094 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default unblock MediaWiki:Contribslink 523 sysop 133 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default contribs 860 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default contribs 1561 2004-06-29T12:22:14Z MediaWiki default contribs 2820 2004-12-23T04:20:27Z MediaWiki default contribs 4095 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default contribs MediaWiki:Autoblocker 524 sysop 74 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Autoblocked because you share an IP address with "$1". Reason "$2". 801 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Autoblocked because you share an IP address with "$1". Reason "$2". 1501 2004-06-29T12:22:02Z MediaWiki default Autoblocked because you share an IP address with "$1". Reason "$2". 2758 2004-12-23T04:20:18Z MediaWiki default Autoblocked because you share an IP address with "$1". Reason "$2". 4096 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Autoblocked because you share an IP address with "$1". Reason "$2". 5768 2005-07-29T10:52:01Z MediaWiki default Autoblocked because your IP address has been recently used by "[[User:$1|$1]]". The reason given for $1's block is: "'''$2'''" MediaWiki:Blocklogpage 525 sysop 94 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Block_log 821 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Block_log 1521 2004-06-29T12:22:09Z MediaWiki default Block_log 2779 2004-12-23T04:20:22Z MediaWiki default Block_log 4097 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Block_log 8532 2006-07-01T18:57:57Z MediaWiki default Block log MediaWiki:Blocklogentry 526 sysop 93 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default blocked "$1" with an expiry time of $2 820 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default blocked "$1" with an expiry time of $2 1520 2004-06-29T12:22:09Z MediaWiki default blocked "$1" with an expiry time of $2 2778 2004-12-23T04:20:22Z MediaWiki default blocked "$1" with an expiry time of $2 4098 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default blocked "$1" with an expiry time of $2 4728 2005-07-03T13:06:22Z MediaWiki default blocked "[[$1]]" with an expiry time of $2 MediaWiki:Blocklogtext 527 sysop 95 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default This is a log of user blocking and unblocking actions. Automatically blocked IP addresses are not be listed. See the [[Special:Ipblocklist|IP block list]] for the list of currently operational bans and blocks. 822 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default This is a log of user blocking and unblocking actions. Automatically blocked IP addresses are not be listed. See the [[Special:Ipblocklist|IP block list]] for the list of currently operational bans and blocks. 1522 2004-06-29T12:22:09Z MediaWiki default This is a log of user blocking and unblocking actions. Automatically blocked IP addresses are not be listed. See the [[Special:Ipblocklist|IP block list]] for the list of currently operational bans and blocks. 2780 2004-12-23T04:20:22Z MediaWiki default This is a log of user blocking and unblocking actions. Automatically blocked IP addresses are not listed. See the [[Special:Ipblocklist|IP block list]] for the list of currently operational bans and blocks. 4099 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default This is a log of user blocking and unblocking actions. Automatically blocked IP addresses are not listed. See the [[Special:Ipblocklist|IP block list]] for the list of currently operational bans and blocks. MediaWiki:Unblocklogentry 528 sysop 668 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default unblocked "$1" 1357 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default unblocked "$1" 2064 2004-06-29T12:24:01Z MediaWiki default unblocked "$1" 3432 2004-12-23T04:22:02Z MediaWiki default unblocked "$1" 4100 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default unblocked "$1" 5824 2005-07-29T10:52:05Z MediaWiki default unblocked $1 MediaWiki:Lockdb 529 sysop 298 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Lock database 1025 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Lock database 1728 2004-06-29T12:22:47Z MediaWiki default Lock database 3004 2004-12-23T04:21:07Z MediaWiki default Lock database 4101 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Lock database MediaWiki:Unlockdb 530 sysop 683 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Unlock database 1372 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Unlock database 2079 2004-06-29T12:24:13Z MediaWiki default Unlock database 3450 2004-12-23T04:22:03Z MediaWiki default Unlock database 4102 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Unlock database MediaWiki:Lockdbtext 531 sysop 301 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Locking the database will suspend the ability of all users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and other things requiring changes in the database. Please confirm that this is what you intend to do, and that you will unlock the database when your maintenance is done. 1028 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Locking the database will suspend the ability of all users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and other things requiring changes in the database. Please confirm that this is what you intend to do, and that you will unlock the database when your maintenance is done. 1731 2004-06-29T12:22:48Z MediaWiki default Locking the database will suspend the ability of all users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and other things requiring changes in the database. Please confirm that this is what you intend to do, and that you will unlock the database when your maintenance is done. 3007 2004-12-23T04:21:08Z MediaWiki default Locking the database will suspend the ability of all users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and other things requiring changes in the database. Please confirm that this is what you intend to do, and that you will unlock the database when your maintenance is done. 4103 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Locking the database will suspend the ability of all users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and other things requiring changes in the database. Please confirm that this is what you intend to do, and that you will unlock the database when your maintenance is done. MediaWiki:Unlockdbtext 532 sysop 686 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Unlocking the database will restore the ability of all users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and other things requiring changes in the database. Please confirm that this is what you intend to do. 1375 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Unlocking the database will restore the ability of all users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and other things requiring changes in the database. Please confirm that this is what you intend to do. 2082 2004-06-29T12:24:15Z MediaWiki default Unlocking the database will restore the ability of all users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and other things requiring changes in the database. Please confirm that this is what you intend to do. 3453 2004-12-23T04:22:03Z MediaWiki default Unlocking the database will restore the ability of all users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and other things requiring changes in the database. Please confirm that this is what you intend to do. 4104 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Unlocking the database will restore the ability of all users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and other things requiring changes in the database. Please confirm that this is what you intend to do. MediaWiki:Lockconfirm 533 sysop 297 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Yes, I really want to lock the database. 1024 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Yes, I really want to lock the database. 1727 2004-06-29T12:22:47Z MediaWiki default Yes, I really want to lock the database. 3003 2004-12-23T04:21:07Z MediaWiki default Yes, I really want to lock the database. 4105 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Yes, I really want to lock the database. MediaWiki:Unlockconfirm 534 sysop 682 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Yes, I really want to unlock the database. 1371 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Yes, I really want to unlock the database. 2078 2004-06-29T12:24:12Z MediaWiki default Yes, I really want to unlock the database. 3449 2004-12-23T04:22:03Z MediaWiki default Yes, I really want to unlock the database. 4106 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Yes, I really want to unlock the database. MediaWiki:Lockbtn 535 sysop 296 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Lock database 1023 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Lock database 1726 2004-06-29T12:22:47Z MediaWiki default Lock database 3002 2004-12-23T04:21:07Z MediaWiki default Lock database 4107 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Lock database MediaWiki:Unlockbtn 536 sysop 681 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Unlock database 1370 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Unlock database 2077 2004-06-29T12:24:10Z MediaWiki default Unlock database 3448 2004-12-23T04:22:03Z MediaWiki default Unlock database 4108 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Unlock database MediaWiki:Locknoconfirm 537 sysop 302 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default You did not check the confirmation box. 1029 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default You did not check the confirmation box. 1732 2004-06-29T12:22:48Z MediaWiki default You did not check the confirmation box. 3008 2004-12-23T04:21:08Z MediaWiki default You did not check the confirmation box. 4109 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default You did not check the confirmation box. MediaWiki:Lockdbsuccesssub 538 sysop 299 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Database lock succeeded 1026 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Database lock succeeded 1729 2004-06-29T12:22:48Z MediaWiki default Database lock succeeded 3005 2004-12-23T04:21:07Z MediaWiki default Database lock succeeded 4110 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Database lock succeeded MediaWiki:Unlockdbsuccesssub 539 sysop 684 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Database lock removed 1373 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Database lock removed 2080 2004-06-29T12:24:15Z MediaWiki default Database lock removed 3451 2004-12-23T04:22:03Z MediaWiki default Database lock removed 4111 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Database lock removed MediaWiki:Lockdbsuccesstext 540 sysop 300 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default The database has been locked. <br />Remember to remove the lock after your maintenance is complete. 1027 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default The database has been locked. <br />Remember to remove the lock after your maintenance is complete. 1730 2004-06-29T12:22:48Z MediaWiki default The database has been locked. <br />Remember to remove the lock after your maintenance is complete. 3006 2004-12-23T04:21:07Z MediaWiki default The database has been locked. <br />Remember to remove the lock after your maintenance is complete. 4112 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default The database has been locked. <br />Remember to remove the lock after your maintenance is complete. 9275 2006-08-31T18:54:14Z MediaWiki default The database has been locked. <br />Remember to [[Special:Unlockdb|remove the lock]] after your maintenance is complete. MediaWiki:Unlockdbsuccesstext 541 sysop 685 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default The database has been unlocked. 1374 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default The database has been unlocked. 2081 2004-06-29T12:24:15Z MediaWiki default The database has been unlocked. 3452 2004-12-23T04:22:03Z MediaWiki default The database has been unlocked. 4113 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default The database has been unlocked. MediaWiki:Asksql 542 sysop 72 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default SQL query 799 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default SQL query 1499 2004-06-29T12:22:02Z MediaWiki default SQL query 2754 2004-12-23T04:20:18Z MediaWiki default SQL query 4114 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default SQL query MediaWiki:Asksqltext 543 sysop 73 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Use the form below to make a direct query of the database. Use single quotes ('like this') to delimit string literals. This can often add considerable load to the server, so please use this function sparingly. 800 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Use the form below to make a direct query of the database. Use single quotes ('like this') to delimit string literals. This can often add considerable load to the server, so please use this function sparingly. 1500 2004-06-29T12:22:02Z MediaWiki default Use the form below to make a direct query of the database. Use single quotes ('like this') to delimit string literals. This can often add considerable load to the server, so please use this function sparingly. 2756 2004-12-23T04:20:18Z MediaWiki default Use the form below to make a direct query of the database. Use single quotes ('like this') to delimit string literals. This can often add considerable load to the server, so please use this function sparingly. 4115 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Use the form below to make a direct query of the database. Use single quotes ('like this') to delimit string literals. This can often add considerable load to the server, so please use this function sparingly. MediaWiki:Sqlislogged 544 sysop 590 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Please note that all queries are logged. 1317 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Please note that all queries are logged. 2023 2004-06-29T12:23:57Z MediaWiki default Please note that all queries are logged. 3370 2004-12-23T04:22:00Z MediaWiki default Please note that all queries are logged. 4116 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Please note that all queries are logged. MediaWiki:Sqlquery 545 sysop 591 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Enter query 1318 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Enter query 2024 2004-06-29T12:23:57Z MediaWiki default Enter query 3371 2004-12-23T04:22:00Z MediaWiki default Enter query 4117 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Enter query MediaWiki:Querybtn 546 sysop 500 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Submit query 1227 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Submit query 1934 2004-06-29T12:23:39Z MediaWiki default Submit query 3234 2004-12-23T04:21:39Z MediaWiki default Submit query 4118 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Submit query MediaWiki:Selectonly 547 sysop 562 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Only read-only queries are allowed. 1289 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Only read-only queries are allowed. 1993 2004-06-29T12:23:54Z MediaWiki default Only read-only queries are allowed. 3298 2004-12-23T04:21:53Z MediaWiki default Only read-only queries are allowed. 4119 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Only read-only queries are allowed. MediaWiki:Querysuccessful 548 sysop 501 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Query successful 1228 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Query successful 1935 2004-06-29T12:23:41Z MediaWiki default Query successful 3235 2004-12-23T04:21:39Z MediaWiki default Query successful 4120 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Query successful MediaWiki:Movepage 549 sysop 368 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Move page 1095 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Move page 1798 2004-06-29T12:23:08Z MediaWiki default Move page 3078 2004-12-23T04:21:21Z MediaWiki default Move page 4121 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Move page MediaWiki:Movepagetext 550 sysop 371 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Using the form below will rename a page, moving all of its history to the new name. The old title will become a redirect page to the new title. Links to the old page title will not be changed; be sure to [[Special:Maintenance|check]] for double or broken redirects. You are responsible for making sure that links continue to point where they are supposed to go. Note that the page will '''not''' be moved if there is already a page at the new title, unless it is empty or a redirect and has no past edit history. This means that you can rename a page back to where it was just renamed from if you make a mistake, and you cannot overwrite an existing page. <b>WARNING!</b> This can be a drastic and unexpected change for a popular page; please be sure you understand the consequences of this before proceeding. 1098 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Using the form below will rename a page, moving all of its history to the new name. The old title will become a redirect page to the new title. Links to the old page title will not be changed; be sure to [[Special:Maintenance|check]] for double or broken redirects. You are responsible for making sure that links continue to point where they are supposed to go. Note that the page will '''not''' be moved if there is already a page at the new title, unless it is empty or a redirect and has no past edit history. This means that you can rename a page back to where it was just renamed from if you make a mistake, and you cannot overwrite an existing page. <b>WARNING!</b> This can be a drastic and unexpected change for a popular page; please be sure you understand the consequences of this before proceeding. 1801 2004-06-29T12:23:09Z MediaWiki default Using the form below will rename a page, moving all of its history to the new name. The old title will become a redirect page to the new title. Links to the old page title will not be changed; be sure to [[Special:Maintenance|check]] for double or broken redirects. You are responsible for making sure that links continue to point where they are supposed to go. Note that the page will '''not''' be moved if there is already a page at the new title, unless it is empty or a redirect and has no past edit history. This means that you can rename a page back to where it was just renamed from if you make a mistake, and you cannot overwrite an existing page. <b>WARNING!</b> This can be a drastic and unexpected change for a popular page; please be sure you understand the consequences of this before proceeding. 3081 2004-12-23T04:21:21Z MediaWiki default Using the form below will rename a page, moving all of its history to the new name. The old title will become a redirect page to the new title. Links to the old page title will not be changed; be sure to [[Special:Maintenance|check]] for double or broken redirects. You are responsible for making sure that links continue to point where they are supposed to go. Note that the page will '''not''' be moved if there is already a page at the new title, unless it is empty or a redirect and has no past edit history. This means that you can rename a page back to where it was just renamed from if you make a mistake, and you cannot overwrite an existing page. <b>WARNING!</b> This can be a drastic and unexpected change for a popular page; please be sure you understand the consequences of this before proceeding. 4122 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Using the form below will rename a page, moving all of its history to the new name. The old title will become a redirect page to the new title. Links to the old page title will not be changed; be sure to [[Special:Maintenance|check]] for double or broken redirects. You are responsible for making sure that links continue to point where they are supposed to go. Note that the page will '''not''' be moved if there is already a page at the new title, unless it is empty or a redirect and has no past edit history. This means that you can rename a page back to where it was just renamed from if you make a mistake, and you cannot overwrite an existing page. <b>WARNING!</b> This can be a drastic and unexpected change for a popular page; please be sure you understand the consequences of this before proceeding. 5073 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default Using the form below will rename a page, moving all of its history to the new name. The old title will become a redirect page to the new title. Links to the old page title will not be changed; be sure to check for double or broken redirects. You are responsible for making sure that links continue to point where they are supposed to go. Note that the page will '''not''' be moved if there is already a page at the new title, unless it is empty or a redirect and has no past edit history. This means that you can rename a page back to where it was just renamed from if you make a mistake, and you cannot overwrite an existing page. <b>WARNING!</b> This can be a drastic and unexpected change for a popular page; please be sure you understand the consequences of this before proceeding. MediaWiki:Movepagetalktext 551 sysop 370 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default The associated talk page, if any, will be automatically moved along with it '''unless:''' *You are moving the page across namespaces, *A non-empty talk page already exists under the new name, or *You uncheck the box below. In those cases, you will have to move or merge the page manually if desired. 1097 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default The associated talk page, if any, will be automatically moved along with it '''unless:''' *You are moving the page across namespaces, *A non-empty talk page already exists under the new name, or *You uncheck the box below. In those cases, you will have to move or merge the page manually if desired. 1800 2004-06-29T12:23:09Z MediaWiki default The associated talk page, if any, will be automatically moved along with it '''unless:''' *You are moving the page across namespaces, *A non-empty talk page already exists under the new name, or *You uncheck the box below. In those cases, you will have to move or merge the page manually if desired. 3080 2004-12-23T04:21:21Z MediaWiki default The associated talk page, if any, will be automatically moved along with it '''unless:''' *You are moving the page across namespaces, *A non-empty talk page already exists under the new name, or *You uncheck the box below. In those cases, you will have to move or merge the page manually if desired. 4123 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default The associated talk page, if any, will be automatically moved along with it '''unless:''' *You are moving the page across namespaces, *A non-empty talk page already exists under the new name, or *You uncheck the box below. In those cases, you will have to move or merge the page manually if desired. 8595 2006-07-01T18:57:58Z MediaWiki default The associated talk page will be automatically moved along with it '''unless:''' *A non-empty talk page already exists under the new name, or *You uncheck the box below. In those cases, you will have to move or merge the page manually if desired. MediaWiki:Movearticle 552 sysop 364 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Move page 1091 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Move page 1794 2004-06-29T12:23:08Z MediaWiki default Move page 3074 2004-12-23T04:21:21Z MediaWiki default Move page 4124 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Move page MediaWiki:Movenologin 553 sysop 366 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Not logged in 1093 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Not logged in 1796 2004-06-29T12:23:08Z MediaWiki default Not logged in 3076 2004-12-23T04:21:21Z MediaWiki default Not logged in 4125 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Not logged in MediaWiki:Movenologintext 554 sysop 367 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default You must be a registered user and <a href="/wiki/Special:Userlogin">logged in</a> to move a page. 1094 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default You must be a registered user and <a href="/wiki/Special:Userlogin">logged in</a> to move a page. 1797 2004-06-29T12:23:08Z MediaWiki default You must be a registered user and <a href="/wiki/Special:Userlogin">logged in</a> to move a page. 3077 2004-12-23T04:21:21Z MediaWiki default You must be a registered user and <a href="{{localurl:Special:Userlogin}}">logged in</a> to move a page. 4126 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default You must be a registered user and <a href="{{localurl:Special:Userlogin}}">logged in</a> to move a page. 5072 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default You must be a registered user and [[Special:Userlogin|logged in]] to move a page. MediaWiki:Newtitle 555 sysop 388 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default To new title 1115 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default To new title 1818 2004-06-29T12:23:11Z MediaWiki default To new title 3105 2004-12-23T04:21:22Z MediaWiki default To new title 4127 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default To new title MediaWiki:Movepagebtn 556 sysop 369 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Move page 1096 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Move page 1799 2004-06-29T12:23:08Z MediaWiki default Move page 3079 2004-12-23T04:21:21Z MediaWiki default Move page 4128 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Move page MediaWiki:Pagemovedsub 557 sysop 445 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Move succeeded 1172 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Move succeeded 1878 2004-06-29T12:23:20Z MediaWiki default Move succeeded 3175 2004-12-23T04:21:29Z MediaWiki default Move succeeded 4129 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Move succeeded MediaWiki:Pagemovedtext 558 sysop 446 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Page "[[$1]]" moved to "[[$2]]". 1173 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Page "[[$1]]" moved to "[[$2]]". 1879 2004-06-29T12:23:20Z MediaWiki default Page "[[$1]]" moved to "[[$2]]". 3176 2004-12-23T04:21:29Z MediaWiki default Page "[[$1]]" moved to "[[$2]]". 4130 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Page "[[$1]]" moved to "[[$2]]". MediaWiki:Articleexists 559 sysop 70 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default A page of that name already exists, or the name you have chosen is not valid. Please choose another name. 797 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default A page of that name already exists, or the name you have chosen is not valid. Please choose another name. 1497 2004-06-29T12:22:02Z MediaWiki default A page of that name already exists, or the name you have chosen is not valid. Please choose another name. 2751 2004-12-23T04:20:18Z MediaWiki default A page of that name already exists, or the name you have chosen is not valid. Please choose another name. 4131 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default A page of that name already exists, or the name you have chosen is not valid. Please choose another name. MediaWiki:Talkexists 560 sysop 605 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default The page itself was moved successfully, but the talk page could not be moved because one already exists at the new title. Please merge them manually. 1332 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default The page itself was moved successfully, but the talk page could not be moved because one already exists at the new title. Please merge them manually. 2038 2004-06-29T12:23:59Z MediaWiki default The page itself was moved successfully, but the talk page could not be moved because one already exists at the new title. Please merge them manually. 3386 2004-12-23T04:22:01Z MediaWiki default The page itself was moved successfully, but the talk page could not be moved because one already exists at the new title. Please merge them manually. 4132 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default The page itself was moved successfully, but the talk page could not be moved because one already exists at the new title. Please merge them manually. 5123 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default '''The page itself was moved successfully, but the talk page could not be moved because one already exists at the new title. Please merge them manually.''' 7914 2006-03-28T06:12:42Z MediaWiki default '''The page itself was moved successfully, but the talk page could not be moved because one already exists at the new title. Please merge them manually.''' MediaWiki:Movedto 561 sysop 365 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default moved to 1092 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default moved to 1795 2004-06-29T12:23:08Z MediaWiki default moved to 3075 2004-12-23T04:21:21Z MediaWiki default moved to 4133 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default moved to MediaWiki:Movetalk 562 sysop 372 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Move "talk" page as well, if applicable. 1099 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Move "talk" page as well, if applicable. 1802 2004-06-29T12:23:09Z MediaWiki default Move "talk" page as well, if applicable. 3082 2004-12-23T04:21:21Z MediaWiki default Move "talk" page as well, if applicable. 4134 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Move "talk" page as well, if applicable. 7894 2006-03-28T06:12:40Z MediaWiki default Move associated talk page MediaWiki:Talkpagemoved 563 sysop 607 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default The corresponding talk page was also moved. 1334 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default The corresponding talk page was also moved. 2040 2004-06-29T12:23:59Z MediaWiki default The corresponding talk page was also moved. 3388 2004-12-23T04:22:01Z MediaWiki default The corresponding talk page was also moved. 4135 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default The corresponding talk page was also moved. MediaWiki:Talkpagenotmoved 564 sysop 608 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default The corresponding talk page was <strong>not</strong> moved. 1335 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default The corresponding talk page was <strong>not</strong> moved. 2041 2004-06-29T12:23:59Z MediaWiki default The corresponding talk page was <strong>not</strong> moved. 3389 2004-12-23T04:22:01Z MediaWiki default The corresponding talk page was <strong>not</strong> moved. 4136 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default The corresponding talk page was <strong>not</strong> moved. MediaWiki:1movedto2 565 sysop 5 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default $1 moved to $2 767 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default $1 moved to $2 1464 2004-06-29T12:21:58Z MediaWiki default $1 moved to $2 2710 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default $1 moved to $2 4137 2005-06-25T11:13:12Z MediaWiki default $1 moved to $2 4715 2005-07-03T13:06:22Z MediaWiki default [[$1]] moved to [[$2]] 5761 2005-07-29T10:52:01Z MediaWiki default $1 moved to $2 6801 2005-11-09T22:45:07Z MediaWiki default [[$1]] moved to [[$2]] MediaWiki:Export 566 sysop 206 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Export pages 933 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Export pages 1634 2004-06-29T12:22:36Z MediaWiki default Export pages 2904 2004-12-23T04:20:43Z MediaWiki default Export pages 4138 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Export pages 8060 2006-04-25T09:35:17Z Bombo 12 komɛmɛ na... komɛmɛ na... MediaWiki:Exporttext 567 sysop 208 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default You can export the text and editing history of a particular page or set of pages wrapped in some XML; this can then be imported into another wiki running MediaWiki software, transformed, or just kept for your private amusement. 935 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default You can export the text and editing history of a particular page or set of pages wrapped in some XML; this can then be imported into another wiki running MediaWiki software, transformed, or just kept for your private amusement. 1636 2004-06-29T12:22:37Z MediaWiki default You can export the text and editing history of a particular page or set of pages wrapped in some XML; this can then be imported into another wiki running MediaWiki software, transformed, or just kept for your private amusement. 2906 2004-12-23T04:20:43Z MediaWiki default You can export the text and editing history of a particular page or set of pages wrapped in some XML. In the future, this may then be imported into another wiki running MediaWiki software, although there is no support for this feature in the current version. To export article pages, enter the titles in the text box below, one title per line, and select whether you want the current version as well as all old versions, with the page history lines, or just the current version with the info about the last edit. In the latter case you can also use a link, e.g. [[{{ns:Special}}:Export/Train]] for the article [[Train]]. 4139 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default You can export the text and editing history of a particular page or set of pages wrapped in some XML. In the future, this may then be imported into another wiki running MediaWiki software, although there is no support for this feature in the current version. To export article pages, enter the titles in the text box below, one title per line, and select whether you want the current version as well as all old versions, with the page history lines, or just the current version with the info about the last edit. In the latter case you can also use a link, e.g. [[{{ns:Special}}:Export/Train]] for the article [[Train]]. 6820 2005-11-09T22:45:14Z MediaWiki default You can export the text and editing history of a particular page or set of pages wrapped in some XML. In the future, this may then be imported into another wiki running MediaWiki software, although there is no support for this feature in the current version. To export pages, enter the titles in the text box below, one title per line, and select whether you want the current version as well as all old versions, with the page history lines, or just the current version with the info about the last edit. In the latter case you can also use a link, e.g. [[{{ns:Special}}:Export/{{Mediawiki:mainpage}}]] for the page {{Mediawiki:mainpage}}. 7058 2005-11-29T21:17:25Z MediaWiki default You can export the text and editing history of a particular page or set of pages wrapped in some XML. In the future, this may then be imported into another wiki running MediaWiki software, although there is no support for this feature in the current version. To export pages, enter the titles in the text box below, one title per line, and select whether you want the current version as well as all old versions, with the page history lines, or just the current version with the info about the last edit. In the latter case you can also use a link, e.g. [[{{ns:Special}}:Export/{{Mediawiki:mainpage}}]] for the page {{Mediawiki:mainpage}}. 7085 2005-12-02T02:29:54Z MediaWiki default You can export the text and editing history of a particular page or set of pages wrapped in some XML. In the future, this may then be imported into another wiki running MediaWiki software, although there is no support for this feature in the current version. To export pages, enter the titles in the text box below, one title per line, and select whether you want the current version as well as all old versions, with the page history lines, or just the current version with the info about the last edit. In the latter case you can also use a link, e.g. [[{{ns:Special}}:Export/{{Mediawiki:mainpage}}]] for the page {{Mediawiki:mainpage}}. 7123 2005-12-02T04:04:50Z MediaWiki default You can export the text and editing history of a particular page or set of pages wrapped in some XML. In the future, this may then be imported into another wiki running MediaWiki software, although there is no support for this feature in the current version. To export pages, enter the titles in the text box below, one title per line, and select whether you want the current version as well as all old versions, with the page history lines, or just the current version with the info about the last edit. In the latter case you can also use a link, e.g. [[{{ns:Special}}:Export/{{Mediawiki:mainpage}}]] for the page {{Mediawiki:mainpage}}. 7888 2006-03-28T06:12:38Z MediaWiki default You can export the text and editing history of a particular page or set of pages wrapped in some XML. This can be imported into another wiki using MediaWiki via the Special:Import page. To export pages, enter the titles in the text box below, one title per line, and select whether you want the current version as well as all old versions, with the page history lines, or just the current version with the info about the last edit. In the latter case you can also use a link, e.g. [[{{ns:Special}}:Export/{{Mediawiki:mainpage}}]] for the page {{Mediawiki:mainpage}}. 8550 2006-07-01T18:57:57Z MediaWiki default You can export the text and editing history of a particular page or set of pages wrapped in some XML. This can be imported into another wiki using MediaWiki via the Special:Import page. To export pages, enter the titles in the text box below, one title per line, and select whether you want the current version as well as all old versions, with the page history lines, or just the current version with the info about the last edit. In the latter case you can also use a link, e.g. [[{{ns:Special}}:Export/{{int:mainpage}}]] for the page {{int:mainpage}}. MediaWiki:Exportcuronly 568 sysop 207 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Include only the current revision, not the full history 934 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Include only the current revision, not the full history 1635 2004-06-29T12:22:37Z MediaWiki default Include only the current revision, not the full history 2905 2004-12-23T04:20:43Z MediaWiki default Include only the current revision, not the full history 4140 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Include only the current revision, not the full history MediaWiki:Allmessages 569 sysop 58 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default All system messages 785 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default All system messages 1485 2004-06-29T12:22:00Z MediaWiki default All system messages 2733 2004-12-23T04:20:16Z MediaWiki default All system messages 4141 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default All system messages 5765 2005-07-29T10:52:01Z MediaWiki default System messages MediaWiki:Allmessagestext 570 sysop 59 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default This is a list of all system messages available in the MediaWiki: namespace. 786 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default This is a list of all system messages available in the MediaWiki: namespace. 1486 2004-06-29T12:22:00Z MediaWiki default This is a list of all system messages available in the MediaWiki: namespace. 2736 2004-12-23T04:20:16Z MediaWiki default This is a list of all system messages available in the MediaWiki: namespace. 4142 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default This is a list of all system messages available in the MediaWiki: namespace. 5766 2005-07-29T10:52:01Z MediaWiki default This is a list of system messages available in the MediaWiki: namespace. 8525 2006-07-01T18:57:57Z MediaWiki default This is a list of system messages available in the MediaWiki namespace. MediaWiki:Thumbnail-more 571 sysop 613 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Enlarge 1340 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Enlarge 2046 2004-06-29T12:23:59Z MediaWiki default Enlarge 3395 2004-12-23T04:22:01Z MediaWiki default Enlarge 4143 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Enlarge Template:All messages 572 1 2004-01-29T14:51:58Z MediaWiki default This is a list of all messages available in the MediaWiki: namespace <table border=1 width=100%><tr><td> '''Name''' </td><td> '''Default text''' </td><td> '''Current text''' </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Categories&action=edit categories] </td><td> Page categories </td><td> {{MSGNW:categories}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Category&action=edit category] </td><td> category </td><td> {{MSGNW:category}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Category_header&action=edit category_header] </td><td> Articles in category &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> {{MSGNW:category_header}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Subcategories&action=edit subcategories] </td><td> Subcategories </td><td> {{MSGNW:subcategories}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linktrail&action=edit linktrail] </td><td> /^(&#91;a-z]+)(.*)$/sD </td><td> {{MSGNW:linktrail}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mainpage&action=edit mainpage] </td><td> Main Page </td><td> {{MSGNW:mainpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mainpagetext&action=edit mainpagetext] </td><td> Wiki software successfully installed. </td><td> {{MSGNW:mainpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:About&action=edit about] </td><td> About </td><td> {{MSGNW:about}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Aboutwikipedia&action=edit aboutwikipedia] </td><td> About Wikipedia </td><td> {{MSGNW:aboutwikipedia}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Aboutpage&action=edit aboutpage] </td><td> Wikipedia:About </td><td> {{MSGNW:aboutpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Help&action=edit help] </td><td> Help </td><td> {{MSGNW:help}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Helppage&action=edit helppage] </td><td> Wikipedia:Help </td><td> {{MSGNW:helppage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wikititlesuffix&action=edit wikititlesuffix] </td><td> Wikipedia </td><td> {{MSGNW:wikititlesuffix}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bugreports&action=edit bugreports] </td><td> Bug reports </td><td> {{MSGNW:bugreports}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bugreportspage&action=edit bugreportspage] </td><td> Wikipedia:Bug_reports </td><td> {{MSGNW:bugreportspage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitesupport&action=edit sitesupport] </td><td> Donations </td><td> {{MSGNW:sitesupport}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitesupportpage&action=edit sitesupportpage] </td><td> &amp;lt;sitesupportpage&amp;gt; </td><td> {{MSGNW:sitesupportpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Faq&action=edit faq] </td><td> FAQ </td><td> {{MSGNW:faq}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Faqpage&action=edit faqpage] </td><td> Wikipedia:FAQ </td><td> {{MSGNW:faqpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Edithelp&action=edit edithelp] </td><td> Editing help </td><td> {{MSGNW:edithelp}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Edithelppage&action=edit edithelppage] </td><td> Wikipedia:How_does_one_edit_a_page </td><td> {{MSGNW:edithelppage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cancel&action=edit cancel] </td><td> Cancel </td><td> {{MSGNW:cancel}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbfind&action=edit qbfind] </td><td> Find </td><td> {{MSGNW:qbfind}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbbrowse&action=edit qbbrowse] </td><td> Browse </td><td> {{MSGNW:qbbrowse}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbedit&action=edit qbedit] </td><td> Edit </td><td> {{MSGNW:qbedit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbpageoptions&action=edit qbpageoptions] </td><td> This page </td><td> {{MSGNW:qbpageoptions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbpageinfo&action=edit qbpageinfo] </td><td> Context </td><td> {{MSGNW:qbpageinfo}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbmyoptions&action=edit qbmyoptions] </td><td> My pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:qbmyoptions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbspecialpages&action=edit qbspecialpages] </td><td> Special pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:qbspecialpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Moredotdotdot&action=edit moredotdotdot] </td><td> More... </td><td> {{MSGNW:moredotdotdot}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mypage&action=edit mypage] </td><td> My page </td><td> {{MSGNW:mypage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mytalk&action=edit mytalk] </td><td> My talk </td><td> {{MSGNW:mytalk}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Currentevents&action=edit currentevents] </td><td> Current events </td><td> {{MSGNW:currentevents}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disclaimers&action=edit disclaimers] </td><td> Disclaimers </td><td> {{MSGNW:disclaimers}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disclaimerpage&action=edit disclaimerpage] </td><td> Wikipedia:General_disclaimer </td><td> {{MSGNW:disclaimerpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Errorpagetitle&action=edit errorpagetitle] </td><td> Error </td><td> {{MSGNW:errorpagetitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Returnto&action=edit returnto] </td><td> Return to $1. </td><td> {{MSGNW:returnto}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Fromwikipedia&action=edit fromwikipedia] </td><td> From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. </td><td> {{MSGNW:fromwikipedia}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whatlinkshere&action=edit whatlinkshere] </td><td> What links here </td><td> {{MSGNW:whatlinkshere}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Search&action=edit search] </td><td> Search </td><td> {{MSGNW:search}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Go&action=edit go] </td><td> Go </td><td> {{MSGNW:go}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:History&action=edit history] </td><td> Page history </td><td> {{MSGNW:history}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Printableversion&action=edit printableversion] </td><td> Printable version </td><td> {{MSGNW:printableversion}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editthispage&action=edit editthispage] </td><td> Edit this page </td><td> {{MSGNW:editthispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletethispage&action=edit deletethispage] </td><td> Delete this page </td><td> {{MSGNW:deletethispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectthispage&action=edit protectthispage] </td><td> Protect this page </td><td> {{MSGNW:protectthispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unprotectthispage&action=edit unprotectthispage] </td><td> Unprotect this page </td><td> {{MSGNW:unprotectthispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpage&action=edit newpage] </td><td> New page </td><td> {{MSGNW:newpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkpage&action=edit talkpage] </td><td> Discuss this page </td><td> {{MSGNW:talkpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Postcomment&action=edit postcomment] </td><td> Post a comment </td><td> {{MSGNW:postcomment}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Articlepage&action=edit articlepage] </td><td> View article </td><td> {{MSGNW:articlepage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Subjectpage&action=edit subjectpage] </td><td> View subject </td><td> {{MSGNW:subjectpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userpage&action=edit userpage] </td><td> View user page </td><td> {{MSGNW:userpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wikipediapage&action=edit wikipediapage] </td><td> View meta page </td><td> {{MSGNW:wikipediapage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagepage&action=edit imagepage] </td><td> View image page </td><td> {{MSGNW:imagepage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewtalkpage&action=edit viewtalkpage] </td><td> View discussion </td><td> {{MSGNW:viewtalkpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Otherlanguages&action=edit otherlanguages] </td><td> Other languages </td><td> {{MSGNW:otherlanguages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Redirectedfrom&action=edit redirectedfrom] </td><td> (Redirected from $1) </td><td> {{MSGNW:redirectedfrom}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lastmodified&action=edit lastmodified] </td><td> This page was last modified $1. </td><td> {{MSGNW:lastmodified}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewcount&action=edit viewcount] </td><td> This page has been accessed $1 times. </td><td> {{MSGNW:viewcount}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Gnunote&action=edit gnunote] </td><td> All text is available under the terms of the &lt;a class=internal href=&#39;/wiki/GNU_FDL&#39;&gt;GNU Free Documentation License&lt;/a&gt;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:gnunote}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Printsubtitle&action=edit printsubtitle] </td><td> (From http&#58;//www.wikipedia.org) </td><td> {{MSGNW:printsubtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedpage&action=edit protectedpage] </td><td> Protected page </td><td> {{MSGNW:protectedpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Administrators&action=edit administrators] </td><td> Wikipedia:Administrators </td><td> {{MSGNW:administrators}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sysoptitle&action=edit sysoptitle] </td><td> Sysop access required </td><td> {{MSGNW:sysoptitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sysoptext&action=edit sysoptext] </td><td> The action you have requested can only be performed by users with &quot;sysop&quot; status. See $1. </td><td> {{MSGNW:sysoptext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Developertitle&action=edit developertitle] </td><td> Developer access required </td><td> {{MSGNW:developertitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Developertext&action=edit developertext] </td><td> The action you have requested can only be performed by users with &quot;developer&quot; status. See $1. </td><td> {{MSGNW:developertext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nbytes&action=edit nbytes] </td><td> $1 bytes </td><td> {{MSGNW:nbytes}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ok&action=edit ok] </td><td> OK </td><td> {{MSGNW:ok}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitetitle&action=edit sitetitle] </td><td> Wikipedia </td><td> {{MSGNW:sitetitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitesubtitle&action=edit sitesubtitle] </td><td> The Free Encyclopedia </td><td> {{MSGNW:sitesubtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Retrievedfrom&action=edit retrievedfrom] </td><td> Retrieved from &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> {{MSGNW:retrievedfrom}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newmessages&action=edit newmessages] </td><td> You have $1. </td><td> {{MSGNW:newmessages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newmessageslink&action=edit newmessageslink] </td><td> new messages </td><td> {{MSGNW:newmessageslink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editsection&action=edit editsection] </td><td> edit </td><td> {{MSGNW:editsection}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Toc&action=edit toc] </td><td> Table of contents </td><td> {{MSGNW:toc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showtoc&action=edit showtoc] </td><td> show </td><td> {{MSGNW:showtoc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hidetoc&action=edit hidetoc] </td><td> hide </td><td> {{MSGNW:hidetoc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Thisisdeleted&action=edit thisisdeleted] </td><td> View or restore $1? </td><td> {{MSGNW:thisisdeleted}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Restorelink&action=edit restorelink] </td><td> $1 deleted edits </td><td> {{MSGNW:restorelink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchaction&action=edit nosuchaction] </td><td> No such action </td><td> {{MSGNW:nosuchaction}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchactiontext&action=edit nosuchactiontext] </td><td> The action specified by the URL is not recognized by the wiki </td><td> {{MSGNW:nosuchactiontext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchspecialpage&action=edit nosuchspecialpage] </td><td> No such special page </td><td> {{MSGNW:nosuchspecialpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nospecialpagetext&action=edit nospecialpagetext] </td><td> You have requested a special page that is not recognized by the wiki. </td><td> {{MSGNW:nospecialpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Error&action=edit error] </td><td> Error </td><td> {{MSGNW:error}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Databaseerror&action=edit databaseerror] </td><td> Database error </td><td> {{MSGNW:databaseerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dberrortext&action=edit dberrortext] </td><td> A database query syntax error has occurred. This could be because of an illegal search query (see $5), or it may indicate a bug in the software. The last attempted database query was: &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;tt&gt;$1&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt; from within function &quot;&lt;tt&gt;$2&lt;/tt&gt;&quot;. MySQL returned error &quot;&lt;tt&gt;$3: $4&lt;/tt&gt;&quot;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:dberrortext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dberrortextcl&action=edit dberrortextcl] </td><td> A database query syntax error has occurred. The last attempted database query was: &quot;$1&quot; from within function &quot;$2&quot;. MySQL returned error &quot;$3: $4&quot;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:dberrortextcl}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noconnect&action=edit noconnect] </td><td> Sorry! The wiki is experiencing some technical difficulties, and cannot contact the database server. </td><td> {{MSGNW:noconnect}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nodb&action=edit nodb] </td><td> Could not select database $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:nodb}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cachederror&action=edit cachederror] </td><td> The following is a cached copy of the requested page, and may not be up to date. </td><td> {{MSGNW:cachederror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Readonly&action=edit readonly] </td><td> Database locked </td><td> {{MSGNW:readonly}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Enterlockreason&action=edit enterlockreason] </td><td> Enter a reason for the lock, including an estimate of when the lock will be released </td><td> {{MSGNW:enterlockreason}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Readonlytext&action=edit readonlytext] </td><td> The database is currently locked to new entries and other modifications, probably for routine database maintenance, after which it will be back to normal. The administrator who locked it offered this explanation: &lt;p&gt;$1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:readonlytext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missingarticle&action=edit missingarticle] </td><td> The database did not find the text of a page that it should have found, named &quot;$1&quot;. &lt;p&gt;This is usually caused by following an outdated diff or history link to a page that has been deleted. &lt;p&gt;If this is not the case, you may have found a bug in the software. Please report this to an administrator, making note of the URL. </td><td> {{MSGNW:missingarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Internalerror&action=edit internalerror] </td><td> Internal error </td><td> {{MSGNW:internalerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filecopyerror&action=edit filecopyerror] </td><td> Could not copy file &quot;$1&quot; to &quot;$2&quot;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:filecopyerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filerenameerror&action=edit filerenameerror] </td><td> Could not rename file &quot;$1&quot; to &quot;$2&quot;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:filerenameerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filedeleteerror&action=edit filedeleteerror] </td><td> Could not delete file &quot;$1&quot;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:filedeleteerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filenotfound&action=edit filenotfound] </td><td> Could not find file &quot;$1&quot;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:filenotfound}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unexpected&action=edit unexpected] </td><td> Unexpected value: &quot;$1&quot;=&quot;$2&quot;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:unexpected}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Formerror&action=edit formerror] </td><td> Error: could not submit form </td><td> {{MSGNW:formerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badarticleerror&action=edit badarticleerror] </td><td> This action cannot be performed on this page. </td><td> {{MSGNW:badarticleerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cannotdelete&action=edit cannotdelete] </td><td> Could not delete the page or image specified. (It may have already been deleted by someone else.) </td><td> {{MSGNW:cannotdelete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badtitle&action=edit badtitle] </td><td> Bad title </td><td> {{MSGNW:badtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badtitletext&action=edit badtitletext] </td><td> The requested page title was invalid, empty, or an incorrectly linked inter-language or inter-wiki title. </td><td> {{MSGNW:badtitletext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Perfdisabled&action=edit perfdisabled] </td><td> Sorry! This feature has been temporarily disabled because it slows the database down to the point that no one can use the wiki. </td><td> {{MSGNW:perfdisabled}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Perfdisabledsub&action=edit perfdisabledsub] </td><td> Here&#39;s a saved copy from $1: </td><td> {{MSGNW:perfdisabledsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wrong_wfQuery_params&action=edit wrong_wfQuery_params] </td><td> Incorrect parameters to wfQuery()&lt;br&gt; Function: $1&lt;br&gt; Query: $2 </td><td> {{MSGNW:wrong_wfQuery_params}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewsource&action=edit viewsource] </td><td> View source </td><td> {{MSGNW:viewsource}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedtext&action=edit protectedtext] </td><td> This page has been locked to prevent editing; there are a number of reasons why this may be so, please see &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:Protected page]]. You can view and copy the source of this page: </td><td> {{MSGNW:protectedtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Logouttitle&action=edit logouttitle] </td><td> User logout </td><td> {{MSGNW:logouttitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Logouttext&action=edit logouttext] </td><td> You are now logged out. You can continue to use Wikipedia anonymously, or you can log in again as the same or as a different user. Note that some pages may continue to be displayed as if you were still logged in, until you clear your browser cache </td><td> {{MSGNW:logouttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Welcomecreation&action=edit welcomecreation] </td><td> &lt;h2&gt;Welcome, $1!&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Your account has been created. Don&#39;t forget to personalize your wikipedia preferences. </td><td> {{MSGNW:welcomecreation}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginpagetitle&action=edit loginpagetitle] </td><td> User login </td><td> {{MSGNW:loginpagetitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourname&action=edit yourname] </td><td> Your user name </td><td> {{MSGNW:yourname}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourpassword&action=edit yourpassword] </td><td> Your password </td><td> {{MSGNW:yourpassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourpasswordagain&action=edit yourpasswordagain] </td><td> Retype password </td><td> {{MSGNW:yourpasswordagain}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newusersonly&action=edit newusersonly] </td><td> (new users only) </td><td> {{MSGNW:newusersonly}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Remembermypassword&action=edit remembermypassword] </td><td> Remember my password across sessions. </td><td> {{MSGNW:remembermypassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginproblem&action=edit loginproblem] </td><td> &lt;b&gt;There has been a problem with your login.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;Try again! </td><td> {{MSGNW:loginproblem}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Alreadyloggedin&action=edit alreadyloggedin] </td><td> &lt;font color=red&gt;&lt;b&gt;User $1, you are already logged in!&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt; </td><td> {{MSGNW:alreadyloggedin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Login&action=edit login] </td><td> Log in </td><td> {{MSGNW:login}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginprompt&action=edit loginprompt] </td><td> You must have cookies enabled to log in to Wikipedia. </td><td> {{MSGNW:loginprompt}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userlogin&action=edit userlogin] </td><td> Log in </td><td> {{MSGNW:userlogin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Logout&action=edit logout] </td><td> Log out </td><td> {{MSGNW:logout}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userlogout&action=edit userlogout] </td><td> Log out </td><td> {{MSGNW:userlogout}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notloggedin&action=edit notloggedin] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> {{MSGNW:notloggedin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Createaccount&action=edit createaccount] </td><td> Create new account </td><td> {{MSGNW:createaccount}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Createaccountmail&action=edit createaccountmail] </td><td> by eMail </td><td> {{MSGNW:createaccountmail}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badretype&action=edit badretype] </td><td> The passwords you entered do not match. </td><td> {{MSGNW:badretype}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userexists&action=edit userexists] </td><td> The user name you entered is already in use. Please choose a different name. </td><td> {{MSGNW:userexists}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Youremail&action=edit youremail] </td><td> Your e-mail* </td><td> {{MSGNW:youremail}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yournick&action=edit yournick] </td><td> Your nickname (for signatures) </td><td> {{MSGNW:yournick}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailforlost&action=edit emailforlost] </td><td> * Entering an email address is optional. But it enables people to contact you through the website without you having to reveal your email address to them, and it also helps you if you forget your password. </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailforlost}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginerror&action=edit loginerror] </td><td> Login error </td><td> {{MSGNW:loginerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nocookiesnew&action=edit nocookiesnew] </td><td> The user account was created, but you are not logged in. Wikipedia uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them, then log in with your new username and password. </td><td> {{MSGNW:nocookiesnew}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nocookieslogin&action=edit nocookieslogin] </td><td> Wikipedia uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them and try again. </td><td> {{MSGNW:nocookieslogin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noname&action=edit noname] </td><td> You have not specified a valid user name. </td><td> {{MSGNW:noname}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginsuccesstitle&action=edit loginsuccesstitle] </td><td> Login successful </td><td> {{MSGNW:loginsuccesstitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginsuccess&action=edit loginsuccess] </td><td> You are now logged in to Wikipedia as &quot;$1&quot;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:loginsuccess}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchuser&action=edit nosuchuser] </td><td> There is no user by the name &quot;$1&quot;. Check your spelling, or use the form below to create a new user account. </td><td> {{MSGNW:nosuchuser}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wrongpassword&action=edit wrongpassword] </td><td> The password you entered is incorrect. Please try again. </td><td> {{MSGNW:wrongpassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mailmypassword&action=edit mailmypassword] </td><td> Mail me a new password </td><td> {{MSGNW:mailmypassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Passwordremindertitle&action=edit passwordremindertitle] </td><td> Password reminder from Wikipedia </td><td> {{MSGNW:passwordremindertitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Passwordremindertext&action=edit passwordremindertext] </td><td> Someone (probably you, from IP address $1) requested that we send you a new Wikipedia login password. The password for user &quot;$2&quot; is now &quot;$3&quot;. You should log in and change your password now. </td><td> {{MSGNW:passwordremindertext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noemail&action=edit noemail] </td><td> There is no e-mail address recorded for user &quot;$1&quot;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:noemail}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Passwordsent&action=edit passwordsent] </td><td> A new password has been sent to the e-mail address registered for &quot;$1&quot;. Please log in again after you receive it. </td><td> {{MSGNW:passwordsent}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginend&action=edit loginend] </td><td> &amp;lt;loginend&amp;gt; </td><td> {{MSGNW:loginend}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bold_sample&action=edit bold_sample] </td><td> Bold text </td><td> {{MSGNW:bold_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bold_tip&action=edit bold_tip] </td><td> Bold text </td><td> {{MSGNW:bold_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Italic_sample&action=edit italic_sample] </td><td> Italic text </td><td> {{MSGNW:italic_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Italic_tip&action=edit italic_tip] </td><td> Italic text </td><td> {{MSGNW:italic_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Link_sample&action=edit link_sample] </td><td> Link title </td><td> {{MSGNW:link_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Link_tip&action=edit link_tip] </td><td> Internal link </td><td> {{MSGNW:link_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Extlink_sample&action=edit extlink_sample] </td><td> http&#58;//www.example.com link title </td><td> {{MSGNW:extlink_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Extlink_tip&action=edit extlink_tip] </td><td> External link (remember http&#58;// prefix) </td><td> {{MSGNW:extlink_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Headline_sample&action=edit headline_sample] </td><td> Headline text </td><td> {{MSGNW:headline_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Headline_tip&action=edit headline_tip] </td><td> Level 2 headline </td><td> {{MSGNW:headline_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_sample&action=edit math_sample] </td><td> Insert formula here </td><td> {{MSGNW:math_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_tip&action=edit math_tip] </td><td> Mathematical formula (LaTeX) </td><td> {{MSGNW:math_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nowiki_sample&action=edit nowiki_sample] </td><td> Insert non-formatted text here </td><td> {{MSGNW:nowiki_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nowiki_tip&action=edit nowiki_tip] </td><td> Ignore wiki formatting </td><td> {{MSGNW:nowiki_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Image_sample&action=edit image_sample] </td><td> Example.jpg </td><td> {{MSGNW:image_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Image_tip&action=edit image_tip] </td><td> Embedded image </td><td> {{MSGNW:image_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Media_sample&action=edit media_sample] </td><td> Example.mp3 </td><td> {{MSGNW:media_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Media_tip&action=edit media_tip] </td><td> Media file link </td><td> {{MSGNW:media_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sig_tip&action=edit sig_tip] </td><td> Your signature with timestamp </td><td> {{MSGNW:sig_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hr_tip&action=edit hr_tip] </td><td> Horizontal line (use sparingly) </td><td> {{MSGNW:hr_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Infobox&action=edit infobox] </td><td> Click a button to get an example text </td><td> {{MSGNW:infobox}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Summary&action=edit summary] </td><td> Summary </td><td> {{MSGNW:summary}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Subject&action=edit subject] </td><td> Subject/headline </td><td> {{MSGNW:subject}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Minoredit&action=edit minoredit] </td><td> This is a minor edit </td><td> {{MSGNW:minoredit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchthis&action=edit watchthis] </td><td> Watch this article </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchthis}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Savearticle&action=edit savearticle] </td><td> Save page </td><td> {{MSGNW:savearticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Preview&action=edit preview] </td><td> Preview </td><td> {{MSGNW:preview}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showpreview&action=edit showpreview] </td><td> Show preview </td><td> {{MSGNW:showpreview}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockedtitle&action=edit blockedtitle] </td><td> User is blocked </td><td> {{MSGNW:blockedtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockedtext&action=edit blockedtext] </td><td> Your user name or IP address has been blocked by $1. The reason given is this:&lt;br&gt;&#39;&#39;$2&#39;&#39;&lt;p&gt;You may contact $1 or one of the other &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:Administrators&#124;administrators]] to discuss the block. Note that you may not use the &quot;email this user&quot; feature unless you have a valid email address registered in your &#91;&#91;Special:Preferences&#124;user preferences]]. Your IP address is $3. Please include this address in any queries you make. &#61;=Note to AOL users== Due to continuing acts of vandalism by one particular AOL user, Wikipedia often blocks AOL proxies. Unfortunately, a single proxy server may be used by a large number of AOL users, and hence innocent AOL users are often inadvertently blocked. We apologise for any inconvenience caused. If this happens to you, please email an administrator, using an AOL email address. Be sure to include the IP address given above. </td><td> {{MSGNW:blockedtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistedittitle&action=edit whitelistedittitle] </td><td> Login required to edit </td><td> {{MSGNW:whitelistedittitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistedittext&action=edit whitelistedittext] </td><td> You have to &#91;&#91;Special:Userlogin&#124;login]] to edit articles. </td><td> {{MSGNW:whitelistedittext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistreadtitle&action=edit whitelistreadtitle] </td><td> Login required to read </td><td> {{MSGNW:whitelistreadtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistreadtext&action=edit whitelistreadtext] </td><td> You have to &#91;&#91;Special:Userlogin&#124;login]] to read articles. </td><td> {{MSGNW:whitelistreadtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistacctitle&action=edit whitelistacctitle] </td><td> You are not allowed to create an account </td><td> {{MSGNW:whitelistacctitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistacctext&action=edit whitelistacctext] </td><td> To be allowed to create accounts in this Wiki you have to &#91;&#91;Special:Userlogin&#124;log]] in and have the appropriate permissions. </td><td> {{MSGNW:whitelistacctext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accmailtitle&action=edit accmailtitle] </td><td> Password sent. </td><td> {{MSGNW:accmailtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accmailtext&action=edit accmailtext] </td><td> The Password for &#39;$1&#39; has been sent to $2. </td><td> {{MSGNW:accmailtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newarticle&action=edit newarticle] </td><td> (New) </td><td> {{MSGNW:newarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newarticletext&action=edit newarticletext] </td><td> You&#39;ve followed a link to a page that doesn&#39;t exist yet. To create the page, start typing in the box below (see the &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:Help&#124;help page]] for more info). If you are here by mistake, just click your browser&#39;s &#39;&#39;&#39;back&#39;&#39;&#39; button. </td><td> {{MSGNW:newarticletext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Anontalkpagetext&action=edit anontalkpagetext] </td><td> ---- &#39;&#39;This is the discussion page for an anonymous user who has not created an account yet or who does not use it. We therefore have to use the numerical &#91;&#91;IP address]] to identify him/her. Such an IP address can be shared by several users. If you are an anonymous user and feel that irrelevant comments have been directed at you, please &#91;&#91;Special:Userlogin&#124;create an account or log in]] to avoid future confusion with other anonymous users.&#39;&#39; </td><td> {{MSGNW:anontalkpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noarticletext&action=edit noarticletext] </td><td> (There is currently no text in this page) </td><td> {{MSGNW:noarticletext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Updated&action=edit updated] </td><td> (Updated) </td><td> {{MSGNW:updated}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Note&action=edit note] </td><td> &lt;strong&gt;Note:&lt;/strong&gt; </td><td> {{MSGNW:note}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Previewnote&action=edit previewnote] </td><td> Remember that this is only a preview, and has not yet been saved! </td><td> {{MSGNW:previewnote}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Previewconflict&action=edit previewconflict] </td><td> This preview reflects the text in the upper text editing area as it will appear if you choose to save. </td><td> {{MSGNW:previewconflict}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editing&action=edit editing] </td><td> Editing $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:editing}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sectionedit&action=edit sectionedit] </td><td> (section) </td><td> {{MSGNW:sectionedit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Commentedit&action=edit commentedit] </td><td> (comment) </td><td> {{MSGNW:commentedit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editconflict&action=edit editconflict] </td><td> Edit conflict: $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:editconflict}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Explainconflict&action=edit explainconflict] </td><td> Someone else has changed this page since you started editing it. The upper text area contains the page text as it currently exists. Your changes are shown in the lower text area. You will have to merge your changes into the existing text. &lt;b&gt;Only&lt;/b&gt; the text in the upper text area will be saved when you press &quot;Save page&quot;. &lt;p&gt; </td><td> {{MSGNW:explainconflict}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourtext&action=edit yourtext] </td><td> Your text </td><td> {{MSGNW:yourtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Storedversion&action=edit storedversion] </td><td> Stored version </td><td> {{MSGNW:storedversion}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editingold&action=edit editingold] </td><td> &lt;strong&gt;WARNING: You are editing an out-of-date revision of this page. If you save it, any changes made since this revision will be lost.&lt;/strong&gt; </td><td> {{MSGNW:editingold}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourdiff&action=edit yourdiff] </td><td> Differences </td><td> {{MSGNW:yourdiff}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Copyrightwarning&action=edit copyrightwarning] </td><td> Please note that all contributions to Wikipedia are considered to be released under the GNU Free Documentation License (see $1 for details). If you don&#39;t want your writing to be edited mercilessly and redistributed at will, then don&#39;t submit it here.&lt;br&gt; You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource. &lt;strong&gt;DO NOT SUBMIT COPYRIGHTED WORK WITHOUT PERMISSION!&lt;/strong&gt; </td><td> {{MSGNW:copyrightwarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Longpagewarning&action=edit longpagewarning] </td><td> WARNING: This page is $1 kilobytes long; some browsers may have problems editing pages approaching or longer than 32kb. Please consider breaking the page into smaller sections. </td><td> {{MSGNW:longpagewarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Readonlywarning&action=edit readonlywarning] </td><td> WARNING: The database has been locked for maintenance, so you will not be able to save your edits right now. You may wish to cut-n-paste the text into a text file and save it for later. </td><td> {{MSGNW:readonlywarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedpagewarning&action=edit protectedpagewarning] </td><td> WARNING: This page has been locked so that only users with sysop privileges can edit it. Be sure you are following the &lt;a href=&#39;/wiki/Wikipedia:Protected_page_guidelines&#39;&gt;protected page guidelines&lt;/a&gt;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:protectedpagewarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revhistory&action=edit revhistory] </td><td> Revision history </td><td> {{MSGNW:revhistory}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nohistory&action=edit nohistory] </td><td> There is no edit history for this page. </td><td> {{MSGNW:nohistory}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revnotfound&action=edit revnotfound] </td><td> Revision not found </td><td> {{MSGNW:revnotfound}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revnotfoundtext&action=edit revnotfoundtext] </td><td> The old revision of the page you asked for could not be found. Please check the URL you used to access this page. </td><td> {{MSGNW:revnotfoundtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loadhist&action=edit loadhist] </td><td> Loading page history </td><td> {{MSGNW:loadhist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Currentrev&action=edit currentrev] </td><td> Current revision </td><td> {{MSGNW:currentrev}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revisionasof&action=edit revisionasof] </td><td> Revision as of $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:revisionasof}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cur&action=edit cur] </td><td> cur </td><td> {{MSGNW:cur}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Next&action=edit next] </td><td> next </td><td> {{MSGNW:next}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Last&action=edit last] </td><td> last </td><td> {{MSGNW:last}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Orig&action=edit orig] </td><td> orig </td><td> {{MSGNW:orig}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Histlegend&action=edit histlegend] </td><td> Legend: (cur) = difference with current version, (last) = difference with preceding version, M = minor edit </td><td> {{MSGNW:histlegend}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Difference&action=edit difference] </td><td> (Difference between revisions) </td><td> {{MSGNW:difference}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loadingrev&action=edit loadingrev] </td><td> loading revision for diff </td><td> {{MSGNW:loadingrev}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lineno&action=edit lineno] </td><td> Line $1: </td><td> {{MSGNW:lineno}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editcurrent&action=edit editcurrent] </td><td> Edit the current version of this page </td><td> {{MSGNW:editcurrent}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchresults&action=edit searchresults] </td><td> Search results </td><td> {{MSGNW:searchresults}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchhelppage&action=edit searchhelppage] </td><td> Wikipedia:Searching </td><td> {{MSGNW:searchhelppage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchingwikipedia&action=edit searchingwikipedia] </td><td> Searching Wikipedia </td><td> {{MSGNW:searchingwikipedia}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchresulttext&action=edit searchresulttext] </td><td> For more information about searching Wikipedia, see $1. </td><td> {{MSGNW:searchresulttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchquery&action=edit searchquery] </td><td> For query &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> {{MSGNW:searchquery}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badquery&action=edit badquery] </td><td> Badly formed search query </td><td> {{MSGNW:badquery}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badquerytext&action=edit badquerytext] </td><td> We could not process your query. This is probably because you have attempted to search for a word fewer than three letters long, which is not yet supported. It could also be that you have mistyped the expression, for example &quot;fish and and scales&quot;. Please try another query. </td><td> {{MSGNW:badquerytext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Matchtotals&action=edit matchtotals] </td><td> The query &quot;$1&quot; matched $2 article titles and the text of $3 articles. </td><td> {{MSGNW:matchtotals}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nogomatch&action=edit nogomatch] </td><td> No page with this exact title exists, trying full text search. </td><td> {{MSGNW:nogomatch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Titlematches&action=edit titlematches] </td><td> Article title matches </td><td> {{MSGNW:titlematches}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notitlematches&action=edit notitlematches] </td><td> No article title matches </td><td> {{MSGNW:notitlematches}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Textmatches&action=edit textmatches] </td><td> Article text matches </td><td> {{MSGNW:textmatches}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notextmatches&action=edit notextmatches] </td><td> No article text matches </td><td> {{MSGNW:notextmatches}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prevn&action=edit prevn] </td><td> previous $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:prevn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nextn&action=edit nextn] </td><td> next $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:nextn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewprevnext&action=edit viewprevnext] </td><td> View ($1) ($2) ($3). </td><td> {{MSGNW:viewprevnext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showingresults&action=edit showingresults] </td><td> Showing below &lt;b&gt;$1&lt;/b&gt; results starting with #&lt;b&gt;$2&lt;/b&gt;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:showingresults}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showingresultsnum&action=edit showingresultsnum] </td><td> Showing below &lt;b&gt;$3&lt;/b&gt; results starting with #&lt;b&gt;$2&lt;/b&gt;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:showingresultsnum}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nonefound&action=edit nonefound] </td><td> &lt;strong&gt;Note&lt;/strong&gt;: unsuccessful searches are often caused by searching for common words like &quot;have&quot; and &quot;from&quot;, which are not indexed, or by specifying more than one search term (only pages containing all of the search terms will appear in the result). </td><td> {{MSGNW:nonefound}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Powersearch&action=edit powersearch] </td><td> Search </td><td> {{MSGNW:powersearch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Powersearchtext&action=edit powersearchtext] </td><td> Search in namespaces :&lt;br&gt; $1&lt;br&gt; $2 List redirects &amp;nbsp; Search for $3 $9 </td><td> {{MSGNW:powersearchtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchdisabled&action=edit searchdisabled] </td><td> &lt;p&gt;Sorry! Full text search has been disabled temporarily, for performance reasons. In the meantime, you can use the Google search below, which may be out of date.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;!-- SiteSearch Google --&gt; &lt;FORM method=GET action=&quot;http&#58;//www.google.com/search&quot;&gt; &lt;TABLE bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFFF&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;A HREF=&quot;http&#58;//www.google.com/&quot;&gt; &lt;IMG SRC=&quot;http&#58;//www.google.com/logos/Logo_40wht.gif&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; ALT=&quot;Google&quot;&gt;&lt;/A&gt; &lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;INPUT TYPE=text name=q size=31 maxlength=255 value=&quot;$1&quot;&gt; &lt;INPUT type=submit name=btnG VALUE=&quot;Google Search&quot;&gt; &lt;font size=-1&gt; &lt;input type=hidden name=domains value=&quot;http&#58;//ln.wikipedia.org&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;input type=radio name=sitesearch value=&quot;&quot;&gt; WWW &lt;input type=radio name=sitesearch value=&quot;http&#58;//ln.wikipedia.org&quot; checked&gt; http&#58;//ln.wikipedia.org &lt;br&gt; &lt;input type=&#39;hidden&#39; name=&#39;ie&#39; value=&#39;$2&#39;&gt; &lt;input type=&#39;hidden&#39; name=&#39;oe&#39; value=&#39;$2&#39;&gt; &lt;/font&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt; &lt;/FORM&gt; &lt;!-- SiteSearch Google --&gt; </td><td> {{MSGNW:searchdisabled}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blanknamespace&action=edit blanknamespace] </td><td> (Main) </td><td> {{MSGNW:blanknamespace}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Preferences&action=edit preferences] </td><td> Preferences </td><td> {{MSGNW:preferences}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefsnologin&action=edit prefsnologin] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> {{MSGNW:prefsnologin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefsnologintext&action=edit prefsnologintext] </td><td> You must be &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Userlogin&quot;&gt;logged in&lt;/a&gt; to set user preferences. </td><td> {{MSGNW:prefsnologintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefslogintext&action=edit prefslogintext] </td><td> You are logged in as &quot;$1&quot;. Your internal ID number is $2. See &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:User preferences help]] for help deciphering the options. </td><td> {{MSGNW:prefslogintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefsreset&action=edit prefsreset] </td><td> Preferences have been reset from storage. </td><td> {{MSGNW:prefsreset}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbsettings&action=edit qbsettings] </td><td> Quickbar settings </td><td> {{MSGNW:qbsettings}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Changepassword&action=edit changepassword] </td><td> Change password </td><td> {{MSGNW:changepassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Skin&action=edit skin] </td><td> Skin </td><td> {{MSGNW:skin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math&action=edit math] </td><td> Rendering math </td><td> {{MSGNW:math}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dateformat&action=edit dateformat] </td><td> Date format </td><td> {{MSGNW:dateformat}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_failure&action=edit math_failure] </td><td> Failed to parse </td><td> {{MSGNW:math_failure}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_unknown_error&action=edit math_unknown_error] </td><td> unknown error </td><td> {{MSGNW:math_unknown_error}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_unknown_function&action=edit math_unknown_function] </td><td> unknown function </td><td> {{MSGNW:math_unknown_function}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_lexing_error&action=edit math_lexing_error] </td><td> lexing error </td><td> {{MSGNW:math_lexing_error}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_syntax_error&action=edit math_syntax_error] </td><td> syntax error </td><td> {{MSGNW:math_syntax_error}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_image_error&action=edit math_image_error] </td><td> PNG conversion failed </td><td> {{MSGNW:math_image_error}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Saveprefs&action=edit saveprefs] </td><td> Save preferences </td><td> {{MSGNW:saveprefs}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Resetprefs&action=edit resetprefs] </td><td> Reset preferences </td><td> {{MSGNW:resetprefs}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Oldpassword&action=edit oldpassword] </td><td> Old password </td><td> {{MSGNW:oldpassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpassword&action=edit newpassword] </td><td> New password </td><td> {{MSGNW:newpassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Retypenew&action=edit retypenew] </td><td> Retype new password </td><td> {{MSGNW:retypenew}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Textboxsize&action=edit textboxsize] </td><td> Textbox dimensions </td><td> {{MSGNW:textboxsize}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rows&action=edit rows] </td><td> Rows </td><td> {{MSGNW:rows}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Columns&action=edit columns] </td><td> Columns </td><td> {{MSGNW:columns}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchresultshead&action=edit searchresultshead] </td><td> Search result settings </td><td> {{MSGNW:searchresultshead}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Resultsperpage&action=edit resultsperpage] </td><td> Hits to show per page </td><td> {{MSGNW:resultsperpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contextlines&action=edit contextlines] </td><td> Lines to show per hit </td><td> {{MSGNW:contextlines}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contextchars&action=edit contextchars] </td><td> Characters of context per line </td><td> {{MSGNW:contextchars}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Stubthreshold&action=edit stubthreshold] </td><td> Threshold for stub display </td><td> {{MSGNW:stubthreshold}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchangescount&action=edit recentchangescount] </td><td> Number of titles in recent changes </td><td> {{MSGNW:recentchangescount}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Savedprefs&action=edit savedprefs] </td><td> Your preferences have been saved. </td><td> {{MSGNW:savedprefs}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Timezonetext&action=edit timezonetext] </td><td> Enter number of hours your local time differs from server time (UTC). </td><td> {{MSGNW:timezonetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Localtime&action=edit localtime] </td><td> Local time display </td><td> {{MSGNW:localtime}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Timezoneoffset&action=edit timezoneoffset] </td><td> Offset </td><td> {{MSGNW:timezoneoffset}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Servertime&action=edit servertime] </td><td> Server time is now </td><td> {{MSGNW:servertime}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Guesstimezone&action=edit guesstimezone] </td><td> Fill in from browser </td><td> {{MSGNW:guesstimezone}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailflag&action=edit emailflag] </td><td> Disable e-mail from other users </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailflag}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Defaultns&action=edit defaultns] </td><td> Search in these namespaces by default: </td><td> {{MSGNW:defaultns}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Changes&action=edit changes] </td><td> changes </td><td> {{MSGNW:changes}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchanges&action=edit recentchanges] </td><td> Recent changes </td><td> {{MSGNW:recentchanges}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchangestext&action=edit recentchangestext] </td><td> Track the most recent changes to the wiki on this page. </td><td> {{MSGNW:recentchangestext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcloaderr&action=edit rcloaderr] </td><td> Loading recent changes </td><td> {{MSGNW:rcloaderr}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcnote&action=edit rcnote] </td><td> Below are the last &lt;strong&gt;$1&lt;/strong&gt; changes in last &lt;strong&gt;$2&lt;/strong&gt; days. </td><td> {{MSGNW:rcnote}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcnotefrom&action=edit rcnotefrom] </td><td> Below are the changes since &lt;b&gt;$2&lt;/b&gt; (up to &lt;b&gt;$1&lt;/b&gt; shown). </td><td> {{MSGNW:rcnotefrom}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rclistfrom&action=edit rclistfrom] </td><td> Show new changes starting from $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:rclistfrom}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showhideminor&action=edit showhideminor] </td><td> $1 minor edits </td><td> {{MSGNW:showhideminor}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rclinks&action=edit rclinks] </td><td> Show last $1 changes in last $2 days; $3 </td><td> {{MSGNW:rclinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rchide&action=edit rchide] </td><td> in $4 form; $1 minor edits; $2 secondary namespaces; $3 multiple edits. </td><td> {{MSGNW:rchide}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcliu&action=edit rcliu] </td><td> ; $1 edits from logged in users </td><td> {{MSGNW:rcliu}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Diff&action=edit diff] </td><td> diff </td><td> {{MSGNW:diff}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hist&action=edit hist] </td><td> hist </td><td> {{MSGNW:hist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hide&action=edit hide] </td><td> hide </td><td> {{MSGNW:hide}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Show&action=edit show] </td><td> show </td><td> {{MSGNW:show}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tableform&action=edit tableform] </td><td> table </td><td> {{MSGNW:tableform}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Listform&action=edit listform] </td><td> list </td><td> {{MSGNW:listform}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nchanges&action=edit nchanges] </td><td> $1 changes </td><td> {{MSGNW:nchanges}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Minoreditletter&action=edit minoreditletter] </td><td> M </td><td> {{MSGNW:minoreditletter}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpageletter&action=edit newpageletter] </td><td> N </td><td> {{MSGNW:newpageletter}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Upload&action=edit upload] </td><td> Upload file </td><td> {{MSGNW:upload}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadbtn&action=edit uploadbtn] </td><td> Upload file </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadbtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlink&action=edit uploadlink] </td><td> Upload images </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadlink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Reupload&action=edit reupload] </td><td> Re-upload </td><td> {{MSGNW:reupload}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Reuploaddesc&action=edit reuploaddesc] </td><td> Return to the upload form. </td><td> {{MSGNW:reuploaddesc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadnologin&action=edit uploadnologin] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadnologin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadnologintext&action=edit uploadnologintext] </td><td> You must be &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Userlogin&quot;&gt;logged in&lt;/a&gt; to upload files. </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadnologintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadfile&action=edit uploadfile] </td><td> Upload images, sounds, documents etc. </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadfile}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploaderror&action=edit uploaderror] </td><td> Upload error </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploaderror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadtext&action=edit uploadtext] </td><td> &lt;strong&gt;STOP!&lt;/strong&gt; Before you upload here, make sure to read and follow the &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy&quot;&gt;image use policy&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;p&gt;If a file with the name you are specifying already exists on the wiki, it&#39;ll be replaced without warning. So unless you mean to update a file, it&#39;s a good idea to first check if such a file exists. &lt;p&gt;To view or search previously uploaded images, go to the &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Imagelist&quot;&gt;list of uploaded images&lt;/a&gt;. Uploads and deletions are logged on the &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Wikipedia:Upload_log&quot;&gt;upload log&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;p&gt;Use the form below to upload new image files for use in illustrating your articles. On most browsers, you will see a &quot;Browse...&quot; button, which will bring up your operating system&#39;s standard file open dialog. Choosing a file will fill the name of that file into the text field next to the button. You must also check the box affirming that you are not violating any copyrights by uploading the file. Press the &quot;Upload&quot; button to finish the upload. This may take some time if you have a slow internet connection. &lt;p&gt;The preferred formats are JPEG for photographic images, PNG for drawings and other iconic images, and OGG for sounds. Please name your files descriptively to avoid confusion. To include the image in an article, use a link in the form &lt;b&gt;&#91;&#91;image:file.jpg]]&lt;/b&gt; or &lt;b&gt;&#91;&#91;image:file.png&#124;alt text]]&lt;/b&gt; or &lt;b&gt;&#91;&#91;media:file.ogg]]&lt;/b&gt; for sounds. &lt;p&gt;Please note that as with wiki pages, others may edit or delete your uploads if they think it serves the encyclopedia, and you may be blocked from uploading if you abuse the system. </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlog&action=edit uploadlog] </td><td> upload log </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadlog}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlogpage&action=edit uploadlogpage] </td><td> Upload_log </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadlogpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlogpagetext&action=edit uploadlogpagetext] </td><td> Below is a list of the most recent file uploads. All times shown are server time (UTC). &lt;ul&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadlogpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filename&action=edit filename] </td><td> Filename </td><td> {{MSGNW:filename}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filedesc&action=edit filedesc] </td><td> Summary </td><td> {{MSGNW:filedesc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filestatus&action=edit filestatus] </td><td> Copyright status </td><td> {{MSGNW:filestatus}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filesource&action=edit filesource] </td><td> Source </td><td> {{MSGNW:filesource}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Affirmation&action=edit affirmation] </td><td> I affirm that the copyright holder of this file agrees to license it under the terms of the $1. </td><td> {{MSGNW:affirmation}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Copyrightpage&action=edit copyrightpage] </td><td> Wikipedia:Copyrights </td><td> {{MSGNW:copyrightpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Copyrightpagename&action=edit copyrightpagename] </td><td> Wikipedia copyright </td><td> {{MSGNW:copyrightpagename}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadedfiles&action=edit uploadedfiles] </td><td> Uploaded files </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadedfiles}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noaffirmation&action=edit noaffirmation] </td><td> You must affirm that your upload does not violate any copyrights. </td><td> {{MSGNW:noaffirmation}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ignorewarning&action=edit ignorewarning] </td><td> Ignore warning and save file anyway. </td><td> {{MSGNW:ignorewarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Minlength&action=edit minlength] </td><td> Image names must be at least three letters. </td><td> {{MSGNW:minlength}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badfilename&action=edit badfilename] </td><td> Image name has been changed to &quot;$1&quot;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:badfilename}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badfiletype&action=edit badfiletype] </td><td> &quot;.$1&quot; is not a recommended image file format. </td><td> {{MSGNW:badfiletype}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Largefile&action=edit largefile] </td><td> It is recommended that images not exceed 100k in size. </td><td> {{MSGNW:largefile}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Successfulupload&action=edit successfulupload] </td><td> Successful upload </td><td> {{MSGNW:successfulupload}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Fileuploaded&action=edit fileuploaded] </td><td> File &quot;$1&quot; uploaded successfully. Please follow this link: ($2) to the description page and fill in information about the file, such as where it came from, when it was created and by whom, and anything else you may know about it. </td><td> {{MSGNW:fileuploaded}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadwarning&action=edit uploadwarning] </td><td> Upload warning </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadwarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Savefile&action=edit savefile] </td><td> Save file </td><td> {{MSGNW:savefile}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadedimage&action=edit uploadedimage] </td><td> uploaded &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadedimage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploaddisabled&action=edit uploaddisabled] </td><td> Sorry, uploading is disabled. </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploaddisabled}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagelist&action=edit imagelist] </td><td> Image list </td><td> {{MSGNW:imagelist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagelisttext&action=edit imagelisttext] </td><td> Below is a list of $1 images sorted $2. </td><td> {{MSGNW:imagelisttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Getimagelist&action=edit getimagelist] </td><td> fetching image list </td><td> {{MSGNW:getimagelist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ilshowmatch&action=edit ilshowmatch] </td><td> Show all images with names matching </td><td> {{MSGNW:ilshowmatch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ilsubmit&action=edit ilsubmit] </td><td> Search </td><td> {{MSGNW:ilsubmit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showlast&action=edit showlast] </td><td> Show last $1 images sorted $2. </td><td> {{MSGNW:showlast}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:All&action=edit all] </td><td> all </td><td> {{MSGNW:all}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Byname&action=edit byname] </td><td> by name </td><td> {{MSGNW:byname}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bydate&action=edit bydate] </td><td> by date </td><td> {{MSGNW:bydate}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bysize&action=edit bysize] </td><td> by size </td><td> {{MSGNW:bysize}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imgdelete&action=edit imgdelete] </td><td> del </td><td> {{MSGNW:imgdelete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imgdesc&action=edit imgdesc] </td><td> desc </td><td> {{MSGNW:imgdesc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imglegend&action=edit imglegend] </td><td> Legend: (desc) = show/edit image description. </td><td> {{MSGNW:imglegend}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imghistory&action=edit imghistory] </td><td> Image history </td><td> {{MSGNW:imghistory}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revertimg&action=edit revertimg] </td><td> rev </td><td> {{MSGNW:revertimg}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deleteimg&action=edit deleteimg] </td><td> del </td><td> {{MSGNW:deleteimg}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imghistlegend&action=edit imghistlegend] </td><td> Legend: (cur) = this is the current image, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. &lt;br&gt;&lt;i&gt;Click on date to see image uploaded on that date&lt;/i&gt;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:imghistlegend}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagelinks&action=edit imagelinks] </td><td> Image links </td><td> {{MSGNW:imagelinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linkstoimage&action=edit linkstoimage] </td><td> The following pages link to this image: </td><td> {{MSGNW:linkstoimage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nolinkstoimage&action=edit nolinkstoimage] </td><td> There are no pages that link to this image. </td><td> {{MSGNW:nolinkstoimage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Statistics&action=edit statistics] </td><td> Statistics </td><td> {{MSGNW:statistics}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitestats&action=edit sitestats] </td><td> Site statistics </td><td> {{MSGNW:sitestats}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userstats&action=edit userstats] </td><td> User statistics </td><td> {{MSGNW:userstats}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitestatstext&action=edit sitestatstext] </td><td> There are &lt;b&gt;$1&lt;/b&gt; total pages in the database. This includes &quot;talk&quot; pages, pages about Wikipedia, minimal &quot;stub&quot; pages, redirects, and others that probably don&#39;t qualify as articles. Excluding those, there are &lt;b&gt;$2&lt;/b&gt; pages that are probably legitimate articles.&lt;p&gt; There have been a total of &lt;b&gt;$3&lt;/b&gt; page views, and &lt;b&gt;$4&lt;/b&gt; page edits since the software was upgraded (July 20, 2002). That comes to &lt;b&gt;$5&lt;/b&gt; average edits per page, and &lt;b&gt;$6&lt;/b&gt; views per edit. </td><td> {{MSGNW:sitestatstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userstatstext&action=edit userstatstext] </td><td> There are &lt;b&gt;$1&lt;/b&gt; registered users. &lt;b&gt;$2&lt;/b&gt; of these are administrators (see $3). </td><td> {{MSGNW:userstatstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Maintenance&action=edit maintenance] </td><td> Maintenance page </td><td> {{MSGNW:maintenance}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Maintnancepagetext&action=edit maintnancepagetext] </td><td> This page includes several handy tools for everyday maintenance. Some of these functions tend to stress the database, so please do not hit reload after every item you fixed ;-) </td><td> {{MSGNW:maintnancepagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Maintenancebacklink&action=edit maintenancebacklink] </td><td> Back to Maintenance Page </td><td> {{MSGNW:maintenancebacklink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disambiguations&action=edit disambiguations] </td><td> Disambiguation pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:disambiguations}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disambiguationspage&action=edit disambiguationspage] </td><td> Wikipedia:Links_to_disambiguating_pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:disambiguationspage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disambiguationstext&action=edit disambiguationstext] </td><td> The following articles link to a &lt;i&gt;disambiguation page&lt;/i&gt;. They should link to the appropriate topic instead.&lt;br&gt;A page is treated as dismbiguation if it is linked from $1.&lt;br&gt;Links from other namespaces are &lt;i&gt;not&lt;/i&gt; listed here. </td><td> {{MSGNW:disambiguationstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Doubleredirects&action=edit doubleredirects] </td><td> Double Redirects </td><td> {{MSGNW:doubleredirects}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Doubleredirectstext&action=edit doubleredirectstext] </td><td> &lt;b&gt;Attention:&lt;/b&gt; This list may contain false positives. That usually means there is additional text with links below the first #REDIRECT.&lt;br&gt; Each row contains links to the first and second redirect, as well as the first line of the second redirect text, usually giving the &quot;real&quot; taget article, which the first redirect should point to. </td><td> {{MSGNW:doubleredirectstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Brokenredirects&action=edit brokenredirects] </td><td> Broken Redirects </td><td> {{MSGNW:brokenredirects}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Brokenredirectstext&action=edit brokenredirectstext] </td><td> The following redirects link to a non-existing article. </td><td> {{MSGNW:brokenredirectstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selflinks&action=edit selflinks] </td><td> Pages with Self Links </td><td> {{MSGNW:selflinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selflinkstext&action=edit selflinkstext] </td><td> The following pages contain a link to themselves, which they should not. </td><td> {{MSGNW:selflinkstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mispeelings&action=edit mispeelings] </td><td> Pages with misspellings </td><td> {{MSGNW:mispeelings}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mispeelingstext&action=edit mispeelingstext] </td><td> The following pages contain a common misspelling, which are listed on $1. The correct spelling might be given (like this). </td><td> {{MSGNW:mispeelingstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mispeelingspage&action=edit mispeelingspage] </td><td> List of common misspellings </td><td> {{MSGNW:mispeelingspage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missinglanguagelinks&action=edit missinglanguagelinks] </td><td> Missing Language Links </td><td> {{MSGNW:missinglanguagelinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missinglanguagelinksbutton&action=edit missinglanguagelinksbutton] </td><td> Find missing language links for </td><td> {{MSGNW:missinglanguagelinksbutton}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missinglanguagelinkstext&action=edit missinglanguagelinkstext] </td><td> These articles do &lt;i&gt;not&lt;/i&gt; link to their counterpart in $1. Redirects and subpages are &lt;i&gt;not&lt;/i&gt; shown. </td><td> {{MSGNW:missinglanguagelinkstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Orphans&action=edit orphans] </td><td> Orphaned pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:orphans}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lonelypages&action=edit lonelypages] </td><td> Orphaned pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:lonelypages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unusedimages&action=edit unusedimages] </td><td> Unused images </td><td> {{MSGNW:unusedimages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Popularpages&action=edit popularpages] </td><td> Popular pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:popularpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nviews&action=edit nviews] </td><td> $1 views </td><td> {{MSGNW:nviews}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wantedpages&action=edit wantedpages] </td><td> Wanted pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:wantedpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nlinks&action=edit nlinks] </td><td> $1 links </td><td> {{MSGNW:nlinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Allpages&action=edit allpages] </td><td> All pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:allpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Randompage&action=edit randompage] </td><td> Random page </td><td> {{MSGNW:randompage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Shortpages&action=edit shortpages] </td><td> Short pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:shortpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Longpages&action=edit longpages] </td><td> Long pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:longpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deadendpages&action=edit deadendpages] </td><td> Dead-end pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:deadendpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Listusers&action=edit listusers] </td><td> User list </td><td> {{MSGNW:listusers}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Specialpages&action=edit specialpages] </td><td> Special pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:specialpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Spheading&action=edit spheading] </td><td> Special pages for all users </td><td> {{MSGNW:spheading}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sysopspheading&action=edit sysopspheading] </td><td> For sysop use only </td><td> {{MSGNW:sysopspheading}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Developerspheading&action=edit developerspheading] </td><td> For developer use only </td><td> {{MSGNW:developerspheading}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectpage&action=edit protectpage] </td><td> Protect page </td><td> {{MSGNW:protectpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchangeslinked&action=edit recentchangeslinked] </td><td> Related changes </td><td> {{MSGNW:recentchangeslinked}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rclsub&action=edit rclsub] </td><td> (to pages linked from &quot;$1&quot;) </td><td> {{MSGNW:rclsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Debug&action=edit debug] </td><td> Debug </td><td> {{MSGNW:debug}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpages&action=edit newpages] </td><td> New pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:newpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ancientpages&action=edit ancientpages] </td><td> Oldest articles </td><td> {{MSGNW:ancientpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Intl&action=edit intl] </td><td> Interlanguage links </td><td> {{MSGNW:intl}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movethispage&action=edit movethispage] </td><td> Move this page </td><td> {{MSGNW:movethispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unusedimagestext&action=edit unusedimagestext] </td><td> &lt;p&gt;Please note that other web sites such as the international Wikipedias may link to an image with a direct URL, and so may still be listed here despite being in active use. </td><td> {{MSGNW:unusedimagestext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Booksources&action=edit booksources] </td><td> Book sources </td><td> {{MSGNW:booksources}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Booksourcetext&action=edit booksourcetext] </td><td> Below is a list of links to other sites that sell new and used books, and may also have further information about books you are looking for. Wikipedia is not affiliated with any of these businesses, and this list should not be construed as an endorsement. </td><td> {{MSGNW:booksourcetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Alphaindexline&action=edit alphaindexline] </td><td> $1 to $2 </td><td> {{MSGNW:alphaindexline}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mailnologin&action=edit mailnologin] </td><td> No send address </td><td> {{MSGNW:mailnologin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mailnologintext&action=edit mailnologintext] </td><td> You must be &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Userlogin&quot;&gt;logged in&lt;/a&gt; and have a valid e-mail address in your &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Preferences&quot;&gt;preferences&lt;/a&gt; to send e-mail to other users. </td><td> {{MSGNW:mailnologintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailuser&action=edit emailuser] </td><td> E-mail this user </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailuser}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailpage&action=edit emailpage] </td><td> E-mail user </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailpagetext&action=edit emailpagetext] </td><td> If this user has entered a valid e-mail address in his or her user preferences, the form below will send a single message. The e-mail address you entered in your user preferences will appear as the &quot;From&quot; address of the mail, so the recipient will be able to reply. </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noemailtitle&action=edit noemailtitle] </td><td> No e-mail address </td><td> {{MSGNW:noemailtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noemailtext&action=edit noemailtext] </td><td> This user has not specified a valid e-mail address, or has chosen not to receive e-mail from other users. </td><td> {{MSGNW:noemailtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailfrom&action=edit emailfrom] </td><td> From </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailfrom}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailto&action=edit emailto] </td><td> To </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailto}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsubject&action=edit emailsubject] </td><td> Subject </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailsubject}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailmessage&action=edit emailmessage] </td><td> Message </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailmessage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsend&action=edit emailsend] </td><td> Send </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailsend}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsent&action=edit emailsent] </td><td> E-mail sent </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailsent}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsenttext&action=edit emailsenttext] </td><td> Your e-mail message has been sent. </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailsenttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchlist&action=edit watchlist] </td><td> My watchlist </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchlist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchlistsub&action=edit watchlistsub] </td><td> (for user &quot;$1&quot;) </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchlistsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nowatchlist&action=edit nowatchlist] </td><td> You have no items on your watchlist. </td><td> {{MSGNW:nowatchlist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchnologin&action=edit watchnologin] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchnologin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchnologintext&action=edit watchnologintext] </td><td> You must be &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Userlogin&quot;&gt;logged in&lt;/a&gt; to modify your watchlist. </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchnologintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Addedwatch&action=edit addedwatch] </td><td> Added to watchlist </td><td> {{MSGNW:addedwatch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Addedwatchtext&action=edit addedwatchtext] </td><td> The page &quot;$1&quot; has been added to your &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Watchlist&quot;&gt;watchlist&lt;/a&gt;. Future changes to this page and its associated Talk page will be listed there, and the page will appear &lt;b&gt;bolded&lt;/b&gt; in the &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Recentchanges&quot;&gt;list of recent changes&lt;/a&gt; to make it easier to pick out.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;If you want to remove the page from your watchlist later, click &quot;Stop watching&quot; in the sidebar. </td><td> {{MSGNW:addedwatchtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removedwatch&action=edit removedwatch] </td><td> Removed from watchlist </td><td> {{MSGNW:removedwatch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removedwatchtext&action=edit removedwatchtext] </td><td> The page &quot;$1&quot; has been removed from your watchlist. </td><td> {{MSGNW:removedwatchtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchthispage&action=edit watchthispage] </td><td> Watch this page </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchthispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unwatchthispage&action=edit unwatchthispage] </td><td> Stop watching </td><td> {{MSGNW:unwatchthispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notanarticle&action=edit notanarticle] </td><td> Not an article </td><td> {{MSGNW:notanarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchnochange&action=edit watchnochange] </td><td> None of your watched items were edited in the time period displayed. </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchnochange}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchdetails&action=edit watchdetails] </td><td> ($1 pages watched not counting talk pages; $2 total pages edited since cutoff; $3... &lt;a href=&#39;$4&#39;&gt;show and edit complete list&lt;/a&gt;.) </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchdetails}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchmethod-recent&action=edit watchmethod-recent] </td><td> checking recent edits for watched pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchmethod-recent}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchmethod-list&action=edit watchmethod-list] </td><td> checking watched pages for recent edits </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchmethod-list}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removechecked&action=edit removechecked] </td><td> Remove checked items from watchlist </td><td> {{MSGNW:removechecked}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchlistcontains&action=edit watchlistcontains] </td><td> Your watchlist contains $1 pages. </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchlistcontains}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watcheditlist&action=edit watcheditlist] </td><td> Here&#39;s an alphabetical list of your watched pages. Check the boxes of pages you want to remove from your watchlist and click the &#39;remove checked&#39; button at the bottom of the screen. </td><td> {{MSGNW:watcheditlist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removingchecked&action=edit removingchecked] </td><td> Removing requested items from watchlist... </td><td> {{MSGNW:removingchecked}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Couldntremove&action=edit couldntremove] </td><td> Couldn&#39;t remove item &#39;$1&#39;... </td><td> {{MSGNW:couldntremove}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Iteminvalidname&action=edit iteminvalidname] </td><td> Problem with item &#39;$1&#39;, invalid name... </td><td> {{MSGNW:iteminvalidname}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wlnote&action=edit wlnote] </td><td> Below are the last $1 changes in the last &lt;b&gt;$2&lt;/b&gt; hours. </td><td> {{MSGNW:wlnote}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wlshowlast&action=edit wlshowlast] </td><td> Show last $1 hours $2 days $3 </td><td> {{MSGNW:wlshowlast}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wlsaved&action=edit wlsaved] </td><td> This is a saved version of your watchlist. </td><td> {{MSGNW:wlsaved}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletepage&action=edit deletepage] </td><td> Delete page </td><td> {{MSGNW:deletepage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirm&action=edit confirm] </td><td> Confirm </td><td> {{MSGNW:confirm}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Excontent&action=edit excontent] </td><td> content was: </td><td> {{MSGNW:excontent}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exbeforeblank&action=edit exbeforeblank] </td><td> content before blanking was: </td><td> {{MSGNW:exbeforeblank}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exblank&action=edit exblank] </td><td> page was empty </td><td> {{MSGNW:exblank}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmdelete&action=edit confirmdelete] </td><td> Confirm delete </td><td> {{MSGNW:confirmdelete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletesub&action=edit deletesub] </td><td> (Deleting &quot;$1&quot;) </td><td> {{MSGNW:deletesub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Historywarning&action=edit historywarning] </td><td> Warning: The page you are about to delete has a history: </td><td> {{MSGNW:historywarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmdeletetext&action=edit confirmdeletetext] </td><td> You are about to permanently delete a page or image along with all of its history from the database. Please confirm that you intend to do this, that you understand the consequences, and that you are doing this in accordance with &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:Policy]]. </td><td> {{MSGNW:confirmdeletetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmcheck&action=edit confirmcheck] </td><td> Yes, I really want to delete this. </td><td> {{MSGNW:confirmcheck}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Actioncomplete&action=edit actioncomplete] </td><td> Action complete </td><td> {{MSGNW:actioncomplete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletedtext&action=edit deletedtext] </td><td> &quot;$1&quot; has been deleted. See $2 for a record of recent deletions. </td><td> {{MSGNW:deletedtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletedarticle&action=edit deletedarticle] </td><td> deleted &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> {{MSGNW:deletedarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dellogpage&action=edit dellogpage] </td><td> Deletion_log </td><td> {{MSGNW:dellogpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dellogpagetext&action=edit dellogpagetext] </td><td> Below is a list of the most recent deletions. All times shown are server time (UTC). &lt;ul&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; </td><td> {{MSGNW:dellogpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletionlog&action=edit deletionlog] </td><td> deletion log </td><td> {{MSGNW:deletionlog}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Reverted&action=edit reverted] </td><td> Reverted to earlier revision </td><td> {{MSGNW:reverted}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletecomment&action=edit deletecomment] </td><td> Reason for deletion </td><td> {{MSGNW:deletecomment}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagereverted&action=edit imagereverted] </td><td> Revert to earlier version was successful. </td><td> {{MSGNW:imagereverted}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rollback&action=edit rollback] </td><td> Roll back edits </td><td> {{MSGNW:rollback}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rollbacklink&action=edit rollbacklink] </td><td> rollback </td><td> {{MSGNW:rollbacklink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rollbackfailed&action=edit rollbackfailed] </td><td> Rollback failed </td><td> {{MSGNW:rollbackfailed}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cantrollback&action=edit cantrollback] </td><td> Cannot revert edit; last contributor is only author of this article. </td><td> {{MSGNW:cantrollback}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Alreadyrolled&action=edit alreadyrolled] </td><td> Cannot rollback last edit of &#91;&#91;$1]] by &#91;&#91;User:$2&#124;$2]] (&#91;&#91;User talk:$2&#124;Talk]]); someone else has edited or rolled back the article already. Last edit was by &#91;&#91;User:$3&#124;$3]] (&#91;&#91;User talk:$3&#124;Talk]]). </td><td> {{MSGNW:alreadyrolled}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editcomment&action=edit editcomment] </td><td> The edit comment was: &quot;&lt;i&gt;$1&lt;/i&gt;&quot;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:editcomment}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revertpage&action=edit revertpage] </td><td> Reverted edit of $2, changed back to last version by $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:revertpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectlogpage&action=edit protectlogpage] </td><td> Protection_log </td><td> {{MSGNW:protectlogpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectlogtext&action=edit protectlogtext] </td><td> Below is a list of page locks/unlocks. See &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:Protected page]] for more information. </td><td> {{MSGNW:protectlogtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedarticle&action=edit protectedarticle] </td><td> protected &#91;&#91;$1]] </td><td> {{MSGNW:protectedarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unprotectedarticle&action=edit unprotectedarticle] </td><td> unprotected &#91;&#91;$1]] </td><td> {{MSGNW:unprotectedarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undelete&action=edit undelete] </td><td> Restore deleted page </td><td> {{MSGNW:undelete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletepage&action=edit undeletepage] </td><td> View and restore deleted pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:undeletepage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletepagetext&action=edit undeletepagetext] </td><td> The following pages have been deleted but are still in the archive and can be restored. The archive may be periodically cleaned out. </td><td> {{MSGNW:undeletepagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletearticle&action=edit undeletearticle] </td><td> Restore deleted article </td><td> {{MSGNW:undeletearticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeleterevisions&action=edit undeleterevisions] </td><td> $1 revisions archived </td><td> {{MSGNW:undeleterevisions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletehistory&action=edit undeletehistory] </td><td> If you restore the page, all revisions will be restored to the history. If a new page with the same name has been created since the deletion, the restored revisions will appear in the prior history, and the current revision of the live page will not be automatically replaced. </td><td> {{MSGNW:undeletehistory}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeleterevision&action=edit undeleterevision] </td><td> Deleted revision as of $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:undeleterevision}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletebtn&action=edit undeletebtn] </td><td> Restore! </td><td> {{MSGNW:undeletebtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletedarticle&action=edit undeletedarticle] </td><td> restored &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> {{MSGNW:undeletedarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletedtext&action=edit undeletedtext] </td><td> The article &#91;&#91;$1]] has been successfully restored. See &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:Deletion_log]] for a record of recent deletions and restorations. </td><td> {{MSGNW:undeletedtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contributions&action=edit contributions] </td><td> User contributions </td><td> {{MSGNW:contributions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mycontris&action=edit mycontris] </td><td> My contributions </td><td> {{MSGNW:mycontris}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contribsub&action=edit contribsub] </td><td> For $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:contribsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nocontribs&action=edit nocontribs] </td><td> No changes were found matching these criteria. </td><td> {{MSGNW:nocontribs}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ucnote&action=edit ucnote] </td><td> Below are this user&#39;s last &lt;b&gt;$1&lt;/b&gt; changes in the last &lt;b&gt;$2&lt;/b&gt; days. </td><td> {{MSGNW:ucnote}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uclinks&action=edit uclinks] </td><td> View the last $1 changes; view the last $2 days. </td><td> {{MSGNW:uclinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uctop&action=edit uctop] </td><td> (top) </td><td> {{MSGNW:uctop}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notargettitle&action=edit notargettitle] </td><td> No target </td><td> {{MSGNW:notargettitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notargettext&action=edit notargettext] </td><td> You have not specified a target page or user to perform this function on. </td><td> {{MSGNW:notargettext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linklistsub&action=edit linklistsub] </td><td> (List of links) </td><td> {{MSGNW:linklistsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linkshere&action=edit linkshere] </td><td> The following pages link to here: </td><td> {{MSGNW:linkshere}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nolinkshere&action=edit nolinkshere] </td><td> No pages link to here. </td><td> {{MSGNW:nolinkshere}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Isredirect&action=edit isredirect] </td><td> redirect page </td><td> {{MSGNW:isredirect}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockip&action=edit blockip] </td><td> Block user </td><td> {{MSGNW:blockip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockiptext&action=edit blockiptext] </td><td> Use the form below to block write access from a specific IP address or username. This should be done only only to prevent vandalism, and in accordance with &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:Policy&#124;policy]]. Fill in a specific reason below (for example, citing particular pages that were vandalized). </td><td> {{MSGNW:blockiptext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipaddress&action=edit ipaddress] </td><td> IP Address/username </td><td> {{MSGNW:ipaddress}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipbreason&action=edit ipbreason] </td><td> Reason </td><td> {{MSGNW:ipbreason}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipbsubmit&action=edit ipbsubmit] </td><td> Block this user </td><td> {{MSGNW:ipbsubmit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badipaddress&action=edit badipaddress] </td><td> No user exists by that name </td><td> {{MSGNW:badipaddress}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noblockreason&action=edit noblockreason] </td><td> You must supply a reason for the block. </td><td> {{MSGNW:noblockreason}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockipsuccesssub&action=edit blockipsuccesssub] </td><td> Block succeeded </td><td> {{MSGNW:blockipsuccesssub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockipsuccesstext&action=edit blockipsuccesstext] </td><td> &quot;$1&quot; has been blocked. &lt;br&gt;See &#91;&#91;Special:Ipblocklist&#124;IP block list]] to review blocks. </td><td> {{MSGNW:blockipsuccesstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblockip&action=edit unblockip] </td><td> Unblock user </td><td> {{MSGNW:unblockip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblockiptext&action=edit unblockiptext] </td><td> Use the form below to restore write access to a previously blocked IP address or username. </td><td> {{MSGNW:unblockiptext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipusubmit&action=edit ipusubmit] </td><td> Unblock this address </td><td> {{MSGNW:ipusubmit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipusuccess&action=edit ipusuccess] </td><td> &quot;$1&quot; unblocked </td><td> {{MSGNW:ipusuccess}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipblocklist&action=edit ipblocklist] </td><td> List of blocked IP addresses and usernames </td><td> {{MSGNW:ipblocklist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklistline&action=edit blocklistline] </td><td> $1, $2 blocked $3 </td><td> {{MSGNW:blocklistline}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklink&action=edit blocklink] </td><td> block </td><td> {{MSGNW:blocklink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblocklink&action=edit unblocklink] </td><td> unblock </td><td> {{MSGNW:unblocklink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contribslink&action=edit contribslink] </td><td> contribs </td><td> {{MSGNW:contribslink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Autoblocker&action=edit autoblocker] </td><td> Autoblocked because you share an IP address with &quot;$1&quot;. Reason &quot;$2&quot;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:autoblocker}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklogpage&action=edit blocklogpage] </td><td> Block_log </td><td> {{MSGNW:blocklogpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklogentry&action=edit blocklogentry] </td><td> blocked &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> {{MSGNW:blocklogentry}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklogtext&action=edit blocklogtext] </td><td> This is a log of user blocking and unblocking actions. Automatically blocked IP addresses are not be listed. See the &#91;&#91;Special:Ipblocklist&#124;IP block list]] for the list of currently operational bans and blocks. </td><td> {{MSGNW:blocklogtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblocklogentry&action=edit unblocklogentry] </td><td> unblocked &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> {{MSGNW:unblocklogentry}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdb&action=edit lockdb] </td><td> Lock database </td><td> {{MSGNW:lockdb}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdb&action=edit unlockdb] </td><td> Unlock database </td><td> {{MSGNW:unlockdb}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdbtext&action=edit lockdbtext] </td><td> Locking the database will suspend the ability of all users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and other things requiring changes in the database. Please confirm that this is what you intend to do, and that you will unlock the database when your maintenance is done. </td><td> {{MSGNW:lockdbtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdbtext&action=edit unlockdbtext] </td><td> Unlocking the database will restore the ability of all users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and other things requiring changes in the database. Please confirm that this is what you intend to do. </td><td> {{MSGNW:unlockdbtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockconfirm&action=edit lockconfirm] </td><td> Yes, I really want to lock the database. </td><td> {{MSGNW:lockconfirm}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockconfirm&action=edit unlockconfirm] </td><td> Yes, I really want to unlock the database. </td><td> {{MSGNW:unlockconfirm}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockbtn&action=edit lockbtn] </td><td> Lock database </td><td> {{MSGNW:lockbtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockbtn&action=edit unlockbtn] </td><td> Unlock database </td><td> {{MSGNW:unlockbtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Locknoconfirm&action=edit locknoconfirm] </td><td> You did not check the confirmation box. </td><td> {{MSGNW:locknoconfirm}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdbsuccesssub&action=edit lockdbsuccesssub] </td><td> Database lock succeeded </td><td> {{MSGNW:lockdbsuccesssub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdbsuccesssub&action=edit unlockdbsuccesssub] </td><td> Database lock removed </td><td> {{MSGNW:unlockdbsuccesssub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdbsuccesstext&action=edit lockdbsuccesstext] </td><td> The database has been locked. &lt;br&gt;Remember to remove the lock after your maintenance is complete. </td><td> {{MSGNW:lockdbsuccesstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdbsuccesstext&action=edit unlockdbsuccesstext] </td><td> The database has been unlocked. </td><td> {{MSGNW:unlockdbsuccesstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Asksql&action=edit asksql] </td><td> SQL query </td><td> {{MSGNW:asksql}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Asksqltext&action=edit asksqltext] </td><td> Use the form below to make a direct query of the database. Use single quotes (&#39;like this&#39;) to delimit string literals. This can often add considerable load to the server, so please use this function sparingly. </td><td> {{MSGNW:asksqltext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sqlislogged&action=edit sqlislogged] </td><td> Please note that all queries are logged. </td><td> {{MSGNW:sqlislogged}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sqlquery&action=edit sqlquery] </td><td> Enter query </td><td> {{MSGNW:sqlquery}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Querybtn&action=edit querybtn] </td><td> Submit query </td><td> {{MSGNW:querybtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selectonly&action=edit selectonly] </td><td> Only read-only queries are allowed. </td><td> {{MSGNW:selectonly}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Querysuccessful&action=edit querysuccessful] </td><td> Query successful </td><td> {{MSGNW:querysuccessful}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepage&action=edit movepage] </td><td> Move page </td><td> {{MSGNW:movepage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepagetext&action=edit movepagetext] </td><td> Using the form below will rename a page, moving all of its history to the new name. The old title will become a redirect page to the new title. Links to the old page title will not be changed; be sure to &#91;&#91;Special:Maintenance&#124;check]] for double or broken redirects. You are responsible for making sure that links continue to point where they are supposed to go. Note that the page will &#39;&#39;&#39;not&#39;&#39;&#39; be moved if there is already a page at the new title, unless it is empty or a redirect and has no past edit history. This means that you can rename a page back to where it was just renamed from if you make a mistake, and you cannot overwrite an existing page. &lt;b&gt;WARNING!&lt;/b&gt; This can be a drastic and unexpected change for a popular page; please be sure you understand the consequences of this before proceeding. </td><td> {{MSGNW:movepagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepagetalktext&action=edit movepagetalktext] </td><td> The associated talk page, if any, will be automatically moved along with it &#39;&#39;&#39;unless:&#39;&#39;&#39; *You are moving the page across namespaces, *A non-empty talk page already exists under the new name, or *You uncheck the box below. In those cases, you will have to move or merge the page manually if desired. </td><td> {{MSGNW:movepagetalktext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movearticle&action=edit movearticle] </td><td> Move page </td><td> {{MSGNW:movearticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movenologin&action=edit movenologin] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> {{MSGNW:movenologin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movenologintext&action=edit movenologintext] </td><td> You must be a registered user and &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Userlogin&quot;&gt;logged in&lt;/a&gt; to move a page. </td><td> {{MSGNW:movenologintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newtitle&action=edit newtitle] </td><td> To new title </td><td> {{MSGNW:newtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepagebtn&action=edit movepagebtn] </td><td> Move page </td><td> {{MSGNW:movepagebtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Pagemovedsub&action=edit pagemovedsub] </td><td> Move succeeded </td><td> {{MSGNW:pagemovedsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Pagemovedtext&action=edit pagemovedtext] </td><td> Page &quot;&#91;&#91;$1]]&quot; moved to &quot;&#91;&#91;$2]]&quot;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:pagemovedtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Articleexists&action=edit articleexists] </td><td> A page of that name already exists, or the name you have chosen is not valid. Please choose another name. </td><td> {{MSGNW:articleexists}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkexists&action=edit talkexists] </td><td> The page itself was moved successfully, but the talk page could not be moved because one already exists at the new title. Please merge them manually. </td><td> {{MSGNW:talkexists}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movedto&action=edit movedto] </td><td> moved to </td><td> {{MSGNW:movedto}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movetalk&action=edit movetalk] </td><td> Move &quot;talk&quot; page as well, if applicable. </td><td> {{MSGNW:movetalk}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkpagemoved&action=edit talkpagemoved] </td><td> The corresponding talk page was also moved. </td><td> {{MSGNW:talkpagemoved}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkpagenotmoved&action=edit talkpagenotmoved] </td><td> The corresponding talk page was &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; moved. </td><td> {{MSGNW:talkpagenotmoved}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:1movedto2&action=edit 1movedto2] </td><td> $1 moved to $2 </td><td> {{MSGNW:1movedto2}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Export&action=edit export] </td><td> Export pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:export}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exporttext&action=edit exporttext] </td><td> You can export the text and editing history of a particular page or set of pages wrapped in some XML; this can then be imported into another wiki running MediaWiki software, transformed, or just kept for your private amusement. </td><td> {{MSGNW:exporttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exportcuronly&action=edit exportcuronly] </td><td> Include only the current revision, not the full history </td><td> {{MSGNW:exportcuronly}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Allmessages&action=edit allmessages] </td><td> All_messages </td><td> {{MSGNW:allmessages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Allmessagestext&action=edit allmessagestext] </td><td> This is a list of all messages available in the MediaWiki: namespace </td><td> {{MSGNW:allmessagestext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Thumbnail-more&action=edit thumbnail-more] </td><td> Enlarge </td><td> {{MSGNW:thumbnail-more}} </td></tr></table> 4144 2004-02-22T03:38:54Z MediaWiki default This is a list of all messages available in the MediaWiki: namespace <table border=1 width=100%><tr><td> '''Name''' </td><td> '''Default text''' </td><td> '''Current text''' </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:1movedto2&action=edit 1movedto2] </td><td> $1 moved to $2 </td><td> {{MSGNW:1movedto2}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:About&action=edit about] </td><td> About </td><td> {{MSGNW:about}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Aboutpage&action=edit aboutpage] </td><td> Wikipedia:About </td><td> {{MSGNW:aboutpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Aboutwikipedia&action=edit aboutwikipedia] </td><td> About Wikipedia </td><td> {{MSGNW:aboutwikipedia}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accmailtext&action=edit accmailtext] </td><td> The Password for &#39;$1&#39; has been sent to $2. </td><td> {{MSGNW:accmailtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accmailtitle&action=edit accmailtitle] </td><td> Password sent. </td><td> {{MSGNW:accmailtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Actioncomplete&action=edit actioncomplete] </td><td> Action complete </td><td> {{MSGNW:actioncomplete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Addedwatch&action=edit addedwatch] </td><td> Added to watchlist </td><td> {{MSGNW:addedwatch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Addedwatchtext&action=edit addedwatchtext] </td><td> The page &quot;$1&quot; has been added to your &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Watchlist&quot;&gt;watchlist&lt;/a&gt;. Future changes to this page and its associated Talk page will be listed there, and the page will appear &lt;b&gt;bolded&lt;/b&gt; in the &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Recentchanges&quot;&gt;list of recent changes&lt;/a&gt; to make it easier to pick out.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;If you want to remove the page from your watchlist later, click &quot;Stop watching&quot; in the sidebar. </td><td> {{MSGNW:addedwatchtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Administrators&action=edit administrators] </td><td> Wikipedia:Administrators </td><td> {{MSGNW:administrators}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Affirmation&action=edit affirmation] </td><td> I affirm that the copyright holder of this file agrees to license it under the terms of the $1. </td><td> {{MSGNW:affirmation}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:All&action=edit all] </td><td> all </td><td> {{MSGNW:all}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Allmessages&action=edit allmessages] </td><td> All_messages </td><td> {{MSGNW:allmessages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Allmessagestext&action=edit allmessagestext] </td><td> This is a list of all messages available in the MediaWiki: namespace </td><td> {{MSGNW:allmessagestext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Allpages&action=edit allpages] </td><td> All pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:allpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Alphaindexline&action=edit alphaindexline] </td><td> $1 to $2 </td><td> {{MSGNW:alphaindexline}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Alreadyloggedin&action=edit alreadyloggedin] </td><td> &lt;font color=red&gt;&lt;b&gt;User $1, you are already logged in!&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt; </td><td> {{MSGNW:alreadyloggedin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Alreadyrolled&action=edit alreadyrolled] </td><td> Cannot rollback last edit of &#91;&#91;$1]] by &#91;&#91;User:$2&#124;$2]] (&#91;&#91;User talk:$2&#124;Talk]]); someone else has edited or rolled back the article already. Last edit was by &#91;&#91;User:$3&#124;$3]] (&#91;&#91;User talk:$3&#124;Talk]]). </td><td> {{MSGNW:alreadyrolled}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ancientpages&action=edit ancientpages] </td><td> Oldest articles </td><td> {{MSGNW:ancientpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Anontalkpagetext&action=edit anontalkpagetext] </td><td> ---- &#39;&#39;This is the discussion page for an anonymous user who has not created an account yet or who does not use it. We therefore have to use the numerical &#91;&#91;IP address]] to identify him/her. Such an IP address can be shared by several users. If you are an anonymous user and feel that irrelevant comments have been directed at you, please &#91;&#91;Special:Userlogin&#124;create an account or log in]] to avoid future confusion with other anonymous users.&#39;&#39; </td><td> {{MSGNW:anontalkpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Articleexists&action=edit articleexists] </td><td> A page of that name already exists, or the name you have chosen is not valid. Please choose another name. </td><td> {{MSGNW:articleexists}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Articlepage&action=edit articlepage] </td><td> View article </td><td> {{MSGNW:articlepage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Asksql&action=edit asksql] </td><td> SQL query </td><td> {{MSGNW:asksql}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Asksqltext&action=edit asksqltext] </td><td> Use the form below to make a direct query of the database. Use single quotes (&#39;like this&#39;) to delimit string literals. This can often add considerable load to the server, so please use this function sparingly. </td><td> {{MSGNW:asksqltext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Autoblocker&action=edit autoblocker] </td><td> Autoblocked because you share an IP address with &quot;$1&quot;. Reason &quot;$2&quot;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:autoblocker}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badarticleerror&action=edit badarticleerror] </td><td> This action cannot be performed on this page. </td><td> {{MSGNW:badarticleerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badfilename&action=edit badfilename] </td><td> Image name has been changed to &quot;$1&quot;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:badfilename}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badfiletype&action=edit badfiletype] </td><td> &quot;.$1&quot; is not a recommended image file format. </td><td> {{MSGNW:badfiletype}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badipaddress&action=edit badipaddress] </td><td> No user exists by that name </td><td> {{MSGNW:badipaddress}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badquery&action=edit badquery] </td><td> Badly formed search query </td><td> {{MSGNW:badquery}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badquerytext&action=edit badquerytext] </td><td> We could not process your query. This is probably because you have attempted to search for a word fewer than three letters long, which is not yet supported. It could also be that you have mistyped the expression, for example &quot;fish and and scales&quot;. Please try another query. </td><td> {{MSGNW:badquerytext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badretype&action=edit badretype] </td><td> The passwords you entered do not match. </td><td> {{MSGNW:badretype}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badtitle&action=edit badtitle] </td><td> Bad title </td><td> {{MSGNW:badtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badtitletext&action=edit badtitletext] </td><td> The requested page title was invalid, empty, or an incorrectly linked inter-language or inter-wiki title. </td><td> {{MSGNW:badtitletext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blanknamespace&action=edit blanknamespace] </td><td> (Main) </td><td> {{MSGNW:blanknamespace}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockedtext&action=edit blockedtext] </td><td> Your user name or IP address has been blocked by $1. The reason given is this:&lt;br&gt;&#39;&#39;$2&#39;&#39;&lt;p&gt;You may contact $1 or one of the other &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:Administrators&#124;administrators]] to discuss the block. Note that you may not use the &quot;email this user&quot; feature unless you have a valid email address registered in your &#91;&#91;Special:Preferences&#124;user preferences]]. Your IP address is $3. Please include this address in any queries you make. &#61;=Note to AOL users== Due to continuing acts of vandalism by one particular AOL user, Wikipedia often blocks AOL proxies. Unfortunately, a single proxy server may be used by a large number of AOL users, and hence innocent AOL users are often inadvertently blocked. We apologise for any inconvenience caused. If this happens to you, please email an administrator, using an AOL email address. Be sure to include the IP address given above. </td><td> {{MSGNW:blockedtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockedtitle&action=edit blockedtitle] </td><td> User is blocked </td><td> {{MSGNW:blockedtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockip&action=edit blockip] </td><td> Block user </td><td> {{MSGNW:blockip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockipsuccesssub&action=edit blockipsuccesssub] </td><td> Block succeeded </td><td> {{MSGNW:blockipsuccesssub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockipsuccesstext&action=edit blockipsuccesstext] </td><td> &quot;$1&quot; has been blocked. &lt;br&gt;See &#91;&#91;Special:Ipblocklist&#124;IP block list]] to review blocks. </td><td> {{MSGNW:blockipsuccesstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockiptext&action=edit blockiptext] </td><td> Use the form below to block write access from a specific IP address or username. This should be done only only to prevent vandalism, and in accordance with &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:Policy&#124;policy]]. Fill in a specific reason below (for example, citing particular pages that were vandalized). </td><td> {{MSGNW:blockiptext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklink&action=edit blocklink] </td><td> block </td><td> {{MSGNW:blocklink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklistline&action=edit blocklistline] </td><td> $1, $2 blocked $3 </td><td> {{MSGNW:blocklistline}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklogentry&action=edit blocklogentry] </td><td> blocked &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> {{MSGNW:blocklogentry}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklogpage&action=edit blocklogpage] </td><td> Block_log </td><td> {{MSGNW:blocklogpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklogtext&action=edit blocklogtext] </td><td> This is a log of user blocking and unblocking actions. Automatically blocked IP addresses are not be listed. See the &#91;&#91;Special:Ipblocklist&#124;IP block list]] for the list of currently operational bans and blocks. </td><td> {{MSGNW:blocklogtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bold_sample&action=edit bold_sample] </td><td> Bold text </td><td> {{MSGNW:bold_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bold_tip&action=edit bold_tip] </td><td> Bold text </td><td> {{MSGNW:bold_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Booksources&action=edit booksources] </td><td> Book sources </td><td> {{MSGNW:booksources}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Booksourcetext&action=edit booksourcetext] </td><td> Below is a list of links to other sites that sell new and used books, and may also have further information about books you are looking for. Wikipedia is not affiliated with any of these businesses, and this list should not be construed as an endorsement. </td><td> {{MSGNW:booksourcetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Brokenredirects&action=edit brokenredirects] </td><td> Broken Redirects </td><td> {{MSGNW:brokenredirects}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Brokenredirectstext&action=edit brokenredirectstext] </td><td> The following redirects link to a non-existing article. </td><td> {{MSGNW:brokenredirectstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bugreports&action=edit bugreports] </td><td> Bug reports </td><td> {{MSGNW:bugreports}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bugreportspage&action=edit bugreportspage] </td><td> Wikipedia:Bug_reports </td><td> {{MSGNW:bugreportspage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bureaucratlog&action=edit bureaucratlog] </td><td> Bureaucrat_log </td><td> {{MSGNW:bureaucratlog}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bureaucratlogentry&action=edit bureaucratlogentry] </td><td> set $1: $2 </td><td> {{MSGNW:bureaucratlogentry}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bureaucrattext&action=edit bureaucrattext] </td><td> The action you have requested can only be performed by sysops with &quot;bureaucrat&quot; status. </td><td> {{MSGNW:bureaucrattext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bureaucrattitle&action=edit bureaucrattitle] </td><td> Bureaucrat access required </td><td> {{MSGNW:bureaucrattitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bydate&action=edit bydate] </td><td> by date </td><td> {{MSGNW:bydate}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Byname&action=edit byname] </td><td> by name </td><td> {{MSGNW:byname}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bysize&action=edit bysize] </td><td> by size </td><td> {{MSGNW:bysize}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cachederror&action=edit cachederror] </td><td> The following is a cached copy of the requested page, and may not be up to date. </td><td> {{MSGNW:cachederror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cancel&action=edit cancel] </td><td> Cancel </td><td> {{MSGNW:cancel}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cannotdelete&action=edit cannotdelete] </td><td> Could not delete the page or image specified. (It may have already been deleted by someone else.) </td><td> {{MSGNW:cannotdelete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cantrollback&action=edit cantrollback] </td><td> Cannot revert edit; last contributor is only author of this article. </td><td> {{MSGNW:cantrollback}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Categories&action=edit categories] </td><td> Page categories </td><td> {{MSGNW:categories}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Category&action=edit category] </td><td> category </td><td> {{MSGNW:category}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Category_header&action=edit category_header] </td><td> Articles in category &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> {{MSGNW:category_header}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Changepassword&action=edit changepassword] </td><td> Change password </td><td> {{MSGNW:changepassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Changes&action=edit changes] </td><td> changes </td><td> {{MSGNW:changes}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Columns&action=edit columns] </td><td> Columns </td><td> {{MSGNW:columns}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Commentedit&action=edit commentedit] </td><td> (comment) </td><td> {{MSGNW:commentedit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirm&action=edit confirm] </td><td> Confirm </td><td> {{MSGNW:confirm}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmcheck&action=edit confirmcheck] </td><td> Yes, I really want to delete this. </td><td> {{MSGNW:confirmcheck}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmdelete&action=edit confirmdelete] </td><td> Confirm delete </td><td> {{MSGNW:confirmdelete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmdeletetext&action=edit confirmdeletetext] </td><td> You are about to permanently delete a page or image along with all of its history from the database. Please confirm that you intend to do this, that you understand the consequences, and that you are doing this in accordance with &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:Policy]]. </td><td> {{MSGNW:confirmdeletetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contextchars&action=edit contextchars] </td><td> Characters of context per line </td><td> {{MSGNW:contextchars}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contextlines&action=edit contextlines] </td><td> Lines to show per hit </td><td> {{MSGNW:contextlines}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contribslink&action=edit contribslink] </td><td> contribs </td><td> {{MSGNW:contribslink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contribsub&action=edit contribsub] </td><td> For $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:contribsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contributions&action=edit contributions] </td><td> User contributions </td><td> {{MSGNW:contributions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Copyrightpage&action=edit copyrightpage] </td><td> Wikipedia:Copyrights </td><td> {{MSGNW:copyrightpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Copyrightpagename&action=edit copyrightpagename] </td><td> Wikipedia copyright </td><td> {{MSGNW:copyrightpagename}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Copyrightwarning&action=edit copyrightwarning] </td><td> Please note that all contributions to Wikipedia are considered to be released under the GNU Free Documentation License (see $1 for details). If you don&#39;t want your writing to be edited mercilessly and redistributed at will, then don&#39;t submit it here.&lt;br&gt; You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource. &lt;strong&gt;DO NOT SUBMIT COPYRIGHTED WORK WITHOUT PERMISSION!&lt;/strong&gt; </td><td> {{MSGNW:copyrightwarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Couldntremove&action=edit couldntremove] </td><td> Couldn&#39;t remove item &#39;$1&#39;... </td><td> {{MSGNW:couldntremove}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Createaccount&action=edit createaccount] </td><td> Create new account </td><td> {{MSGNW:createaccount}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Createaccountmail&action=edit createaccountmail] </td><td> by eMail </td><td> {{MSGNW:createaccountmail}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cur&action=edit cur] </td><td> cur </td><td> {{MSGNW:cur}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Currentevents&action=edit currentevents] </td><td> Current events </td><td> {{MSGNW:currentevents}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Currentrev&action=edit currentrev] </td><td> Current revision </td><td> {{MSGNW:currentrev}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Databaseerror&action=edit databaseerror] </td><td> Database error </td><td> {{MSGNW:databaseerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dateformat&action=edit dateformat] </td><td> Date format </td><td> {{MSGNW:dateformat}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dberrortext&action=edit dberrortext] </td><td> A database query syntax error has occurred. This could be because of an illegal search query (see $5), or it may indicate a bug in the software. The last attempted database query was: &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;tt&gt;$1&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt; from within function &quot;&lt;tt&gt;$2&lt;/tt&gt;&quot;. MySQL returned error &quot;&lt;tt&gt;$3: $4&lt;/tt&gt;&quot;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:dberrortext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dberrortextcl&action=edit dberrortextcl] </td><td> A database query syntax error has occurred. The last attempted database query was: &quot;$1&quot; from within function &quot;$2&quot;. MySQL returned error &quot;$3: $4&quot;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:dberrortextcl}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deadendpages&action=edit deadendpages] </td><td> Dead-end pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:deadendpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Debug&action=edit debug] </td><td> Debug </td><td> {{MSGNW:debug}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Defaultns&action=edit defaultns] </td><td> Search in these namespaces by default: </td><td> {{MSGNW:defaultns}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Defemailsubject&action=edit defemailsubject] </td><td> Wikipedia e-mail </td><td> {{MSGNW:defemailsubject}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletecomment&action=edit deletecomment] </td><td> Reason for deletion </td><td> {{MSGNW:deletecomment}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletedarticle&action=edit deletedarticle] </td><td> deleted &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> {{MSGNW:deletedarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletedtext&action=edit deletedtext] </td><td> &quot;$1&quot; has been deleted. See $2 for a record of recent deletions. </td><td> {{MSGNW:deletedtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deleteimg&action=edit deleteimg] </td><td> del </td><td> {{MSGNW:deleteimg}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletepage&action=edit deletepage] </td><td> Delete page </td><td> {{MSGNW:deletepage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletesub&action=edit deletesub] </td><td> (Deleting &quot;$1&quot;) </td><td> {{MSGNW:deletesub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletethispage&action=edit deletethispage] </td><td> Delete this page </td><td> {{MSGNW:deletethispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletionlog&action=edit deletionlog] </td><td> deletion log </td><td> {{MSGNW:deletionlog}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dellogpage&action=edit dellogpage] </td><td> Deletion_log </td><td> {{MSGNW:dellogpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dellogpagetext&action=edit dellogpagetext] </td><td> Below is a list of the most recent deletions. All times shown are server time (UTC). &lt;ul&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; </td><td> {{MSGNW:dellogpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Developerspheading&action=edit developerspheading] </td><td> For developer use only </td><td> {{MSGNW:developerspheading}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Developertext&action=edit developertext] </td><td> The action you have requested can only be performed by users with &quot;developer&quot; status. See $1. </td><td> {{MSGNW:developertext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Developertitle&action=edit developertitle] </td><td> Developer access required </td><td> {{MSGNW:developertitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Diff&action=edit diff] </td><td> diff </td><td> {{MSGNW:diff}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Difference&action=edit difference] </td><td> (Difference between revisions) </td><td> {{MSGNW:difference}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disambiguations&action=edit disambiguations] </td><td> Disambiguation pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:disambiguations}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disambiguationspage&action=edit disambiguationspage] </td><td> Wikipedia:Links_to_disambiguating_pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:disambiguationspage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disambiguationstext&action=edit disambiguationstext] </td><td> The following articles link to a &lt;i&gt;disambiguation page&lt;/i&gt;. They should link to the appropriate topic instead.&lt;br&gt;A page is treated as dismbiguation if it is linked from $1.&lt;br&gt;Links from other namespaces are &lt;i&gt;not&lt;/i&gt; listed here. </td><td> {{MSGNW:disambiguationstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disclaimerpage&action=edit disclaimerpage] </td><td> Wikipedia:General_disclaimer </td><td> {{MSGNW:disclaimerpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disclaimers&action=edit disclaimers] </td><td> Disclaimers </td><td> {{MSGNW:disclaimers}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Doubleredirects&action=edit doubleredirects] </td><td> Double Redirects </td><td> {{MSGNW:doubleredirects}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Doubleredirectstext&action=edit doubleredirectstext] </td><td> &lt;b&gt;Attention:&lt;/b&gt; This list may contain false positives. That usually means there is additional text with links below the first #REDIRECT.&lt;br&gt; Each row contains links to the first and second redirect, as well as the first line of the second redirect text, usually giving the &quot;real&quot; taget article, which the first redirect should point to. </td><td> {{MSGNW:doubleredirectstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editcomment&action=edit editcomment] </td><td> The edit comment was: &quot;&lt;i&gt;$1&lt;/i&gt;&quot;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:editcomment}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editconflict&action=edit editconflict] </td><td> Edit conflict: $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:editconflict}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editcurrent&action=edit editcurrent] </td><td> Edit the current version of this page </td><td> {{MSGNW:editcurrent}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Edithelp&action=edit edithelp] </td><td> Editing help </td><td> {{MSGNW:edithelp}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Edithelppage&action=edit edithelppage] </td><td> Wikipedia:How_does_one_edit_a_page </td><td> {{MSGNW:edithelppage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editing&action=edit editing] </td><td> Editing $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:editing}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editingold&action=edit editingold] </td><td> &lt;strong&gt;WARNING: You are editing an out-of-date revision of this page. If you save it, any changes made since this revision will be lost.&lt;/strong&gt; </td><td> {{MSGNW:editingold}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editsection&action=edit editsection] </td><td> edit </td><td> {{MSGNW:editsection}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editthispage&action=edit editthispage] </td><td> Edit this page </td><td> {{MSGNW:editthispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailflag&action=edit emailflag] </td><td> Disable e-mail from other users </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailflag}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailforlost&action=edit emailforlost] </td><td> * Entering an email address is optional. But it enables people to contact you through the website without you having to reveal your email address to them, and it also helps you if you forget your password. </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailforlost}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailfrom&action=edit emailfrom] </td><td> From </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailfrom}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailmessage&action=edit emailmessage] </td><td> Message </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailmessage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailpage&action=edit emailpage] </td><td> E-mail user </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailpagetext&action=edit emailpagetext] </td><td> If this user has entered a valid e-mail address in his or her user preferences, the form below will send a single message. The e-mail address you entered in your user preferences will appear as the &quot;From&quot; address of the mail, so the recipient will be able to reply. </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsend&action=edit emailsend] </td><td> Send </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailsend}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsent&action=edit emailsent] </td><td> E-mail sent </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailsent}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsenttext&action=edit emailsenttext] </td><td> Your e-mail message has been sent. </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailsenttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsubject&action=edit emailsubject] </td><td> Subject </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailsubject}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailto&action=edit emailto] </td><td> To </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailto}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailuser&action=edit emailuser] </td><td> E-mail this user </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailuser}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Enterlockreason&action=edit enterlockreason] </td><td> Enter a reason for the lock, including an estimate of when the lock will be released </td><td> {{MSGNW:enterlockreason}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Error&action=edit error] </td><td> Error </td><td> {{MSGNW:error}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Errorpagetitle&action=edit errorpagetitle] </td><td> Error </td><td> {{MSGNW:errorpagetitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exbeforeblank&action=edit exbeforeblank] </td><td> content before blanking was: </td><td> {{MSGNW:exbeforeblank}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exblank&action=edit exblank] </td><td> page was empty </td><td> {{MSGNW:exblank}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Excontent&action=edit excontent] </td><td> content was: </td><td> {{MSGNW:excontent}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Explainconflict&action=edit explainconflict] </td><td> Someone else has changed this page since you started editing it. The upper text area contains the page text as it currently exists. Your changes are shown in the lower text area. You will have to merge your changes into the existing text. &lt;b&gt;Only&lt;/b&gt; the text in the upper text area will be saved when you press &quot;Save page&quot;. &lt;p&gt; </td><td> {{MSGNW:explainconflict}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Export&action=edit export] </td><td> Export pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:export}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exportcuronly&action=edit exportcuronly] </td><td> Include only the current revision, not the full history </td><td> {{MSGNW:exportcuronly}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exporttext&action=edit exporttext] </td><td> You can export the text and editing history of a particular page or set of pages wrapped in some XML; this can then be imported into another wiki running MediaWiki software, transformed, or just kept for your private amusement. </td><td> {{MSGNW:exporttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Extlink_sample&action=edit extlink_sample] </td><td> http&#58;//www.example.com link title </td><td> {{MSGNW:extlink_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Extlink_tip&action=edit extlink_tip] </td><td> External link (remember http&#58;// prefix) </td><td> {{MSGNW:extlink_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Faq&action=edit faq] </td><td> FAQ </td><td> {{MSGNW:faq}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Faqpage&action=edit faqpage] </td><td> Wikipedia:FAQ </td><td> {{MSGNW:faqpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filecopyerror&action=edit filecopyerror] </td><td> Could not copy file &quot;$1&quot; to &quot;$2&quot;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:filecopyerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filedeleteerror&action=edit filedeleteerror] </td><td> Could not delete file &quot;$1&quot;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:filedeleteerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filedesc&action=edit filedesc] </td><td> Summary </td><td> {{MSGNW:filedesc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filename&action=edit filename] </td><td> Filename </td><td> {{MSGNW:filename}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filenotfound&action=edit filenotfound] </td><td> Could not find file &quot;$1&quot;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:filenotfound}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filerenameerror&action=edit filerenameerror] </td><td> Could not rename file &quot;$1&quot; to &quot;$2&quot;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:filerenameerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filesource&action=edit filesource] </td><td> Source </td><td> {{MSGNW:filesource}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filestatus&action=edit filestatus] </td><td> Copyright status </td><td> {{MSGNW:filestatus}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Fileuploaded&action=edit fileuploaded] </td><td> File &quot;$1&quot; uploaded successfully. Please follow this link: ($2) to the description page and fill in information about the file, such as where it came from, when it was created and by whom, and anything else you may know about it. </td><td> {{MSGNW:fileuploaded}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Formerror&action=edit formerror] </td><td> Error: could not submit form </td><td> {{MSGNW:formerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Fromwikipedia&action=edit fromwikipedia] </td><td> From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. </td><td> {{MSGNW:fromwikipedia}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Getimagelist&action=edit getimagelist] </td><td> fetching image list </td><td> {{MSGNW:getimagelist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Gnunote&action=edit gnunote] </td><td> All text is available under the terms of the &lt;a class=internal href=&#39;/wiki/GNU_FDL&#39;&gt;GNU Free Documentation License&lt;/a&gt;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:gnunote}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Go&action=edit go] </td><td> Go </td><td> {{MSGNW:go}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Googlesearch&action=edit googlesearch] </td><td> &lt;!-- SiteSearch Google --&gt; &lt;FORM method=GET action=&quot;http&#58;//www.google.com/search&quot;&gt; &lt;TABLE bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFFF&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;A HREF=&quot;http&#58;//www.google.com/&quot;&gt; &lt;IMG SRC=&quot;http&#58;//www.google.com/logos/Logo_40wht.gif&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; ALT=&quot;Google&quot;&gt;&lt;/A&gt; &lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;INPUT TYPE=text name=q size=31 maxlength=255 value=&quot;$1&quot;&gt; &lt;INPUT type=submit name=btnG VALUE=&quot;Google Search&quot;&gt; &lt;font size=-1&gt; &lt;input type=hidden name=domains value=&quot;http&#58;//ln.wikipedia.org&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;input type=radio name=sitesearch value=&quot;&quot;&gt; WWW &lt;input type=radio name=sitesearch value=&quot;http&#58;//ln.wikipedia.org&quot; checked&gt; http&#58;//ln.wikipedia.org &lt;br&gt; &lt;input type=&#39;hidden&#39; name=&#39;ie&#39; value=&#39;$2&#39;&gt; &lt;input type=&#39;hidden&#39; name=&#39;oe&#39; value=&#39;$2&#39;&gt; &lt;/font&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt; &lt;/FORM&gt; &lt;!-- SiteSearch Google --&gt; </td><td> {{MSGNW:googlesearch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Guesstimezone&action=edit guesstimezone] </td><td> Fill in from browser </td><td> {{MSGNW:guesstimezone}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Headline_sample&action=edit headline_sample] </td><td> Headline text </td><td> {{MSGNW:headline_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Headline_tip&action=edit headline_tip] </td><td> Level 2 headline </td><td> {{MSGNW:headline_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Help&action=edit help] </td><td> Help </td><td> {{MSGNW:help}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Helppage&action=edit helppage] </td><td> Wikipedia:Help </td><td> {{MSGNW:helppage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hide&action=edit hide] </td><td> hide </td><td> {{MSGNW:hide}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hidetoc&action=edit hidetoc] </td><td> hide </td><td> {{MSGNW:hidetoc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hist&action=edit hist] </td><td> hist </td><td> {{MSGNW:hist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Histlegend&action=edit histlegend] </td><td> Legend: (cur) = difference with current version, (last) = difference with preceding version, M = minor edit </td><td> {{MSGNW:histlegend}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:History&action=edit history] </td><td> Page history </td><td> {{MSGNW:history}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Historywarning&action=edit historywarning] </td><td> Warning: The page you are about to delete has a history: </td><td> {{MSGNW:historywarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hr_tip&action=edit hr_tip] </td><td> Horizontal line (use sparingly) </td><td> {{MSGNW:hr_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ignorewarning&action=edit ignorewarning] </td><td> Ignore warning and save file anyway. </td><td> {{MSGNW:ignorewarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ilshowmatch&action=edit ilshowmatch] </td><td> Show all images with names matching </td><td> {{MSGNW:ilshowmatch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ilsubmit&action=edit ilsubmit] </td><td> Search </td><td> {{MSGNW:ilsubmit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Image_sample&action=edit image_sample] </td><td> Example.jpg </td><td> {{MSGNW:image_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Image_tip&action=edit image_tip] </td><td> Embedded image </td><td> {{MSGNW:image_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagelinks&action=edit imagelinks] </td><td> Image links </td><td> {{MSGNW:imagelinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagelist&action=edit imagelist] </td><td> Image list </td><td> {{MSGNW:imagelist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagelisttext&action=edit imagelisttext] </td><td> Below is a list of $1 images sorted $2. </td><td> {{MSGNW:imagelisttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagepage&action=edit imagepage] </td><td> View image page </td><td> {{MSGNW:imagepage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagereverted&action=edit imagereverted] </td><td> Revert to earlier version was successful. </td><td> {{MSGNW:imagereverted}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imgdelete&action=edit imgdelete] </td><td> del </td><td> {{MSGNW:imgdelete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imgdesc&action=edit imgdesc] </td><td> desc </td><td> {{MSGNW:imgdesc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imghistlegend&action=edit imghistlegend] </td><td> Legend: (cur) = this is the current image, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. &lt;br&gt;&lt;i&gt;Click on date to see image uploaded on that date&lt;/i&gt;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:imghistlegend}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imghistory&action=edit imghistory] </td><td> Image history </td><td> {{MSGNW:imghistory}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imglegend&action=edit imglegend] </td><td> Legend: (desc) = show/edit image description. </td><td> {{MSGNW:imglegend}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Infobox&action=edit infobox] </td><td> Click a button to get an example text </td><td> {{MSGNW:infobox}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Internalerror&action=edit internalerror] </td><td> Internal error </td><td> {{MSGNW:internalerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Intl&action=edit intl] </td><td> Interlanguage links </td><td> {{MSGNW:intl}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ip_range_invalid&action=edit ip_range_invalid] </td><td> Invalid IP range. </td><td> {{MSGNW:ip_range_invalid}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipaddress&action=edit ipaddress] </td><td> IP Address/username </td><td> {{MSGNW:ipaddress}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipb_expiry_invalid&action=edit ipb_expiry_invalid] </td><td> Expiry time invalid. </td><td> {{MSGNW:ipb_expiry_invalid}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipbexpiry&action=edit ipbexpiry] </td><td> Expiry </td><td> {{MSGNW:ipbexpiry}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipblocklist&action=edit ipblocklist] </td><td> List of blocked IP addresses and usernames </td><td> {{MSGNW:ipblocklist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipbreason&action=edit ipbreason] </td><td> Reason </td><td> {{MSGNW:ipbreason}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipbsubmit&action=edit ipbsubmit] </td><td> Block this user </td><td> {{MSGNW:ipbsubmit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipusubmit&action=edit ipusubmit] </td><td> Unblock this address </td><td> {{MSGNW:ipusubmit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipusuccess&action=edit ipusuccess] </td><td> &quot;$1&quot; unblocked </td><td> {{MSGNW:ipusuccess}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Isredirect&action=edit isredirect] </td><td> redirect page </td><td> {{MSGNW:isredirect}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Italic_sample&action=edit italic_sample] </td><td> Italic text </td><td> {{MSGNW:italic_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Italic_tip&action=edit italic_tip] </td><td> Italic text </td><td> {{MSGNW:italic_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Iteminvalidname&action=edit iteminvalidname] </td><td> Problem with item &#39;$1&#39;, invalid name... </td><td> {{MSGNW:iteminvalidname}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Largefile&action=edit largefile] </td><td> It is recommended that images not exceed 100k in size. </td><td> {{MSGNW:largefile}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Last&action=edit last] </td><td> last </td><td> {{MSGNW:last}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lastmodified&action=edit lastmodified] </td><td> This page was last modified $1. </td><td> {{MSGNW:lastmodified}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lineno&action=edit lineno] </td><td> Line $1: </td><td> {{MSGNW:lineno}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Link_sample&action=edit link_sample] </td><td> Link title </td><td> {{MSGNW:link_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Link_tip&action=edit link_tip] </td><td> Internal link </td><td> {{MSGNW:link_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linklistsub&action=edit linklistsub] </td><td> (List of links) </td><td> {{MSGNW:linklistsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linkshere&action=edit linkshere] </td><td> The following pages link to here: </td><td> {{MSGNW:linkshere}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linkstoimage&action=edit linkstoimage] </td><td> The following pages link to this image: </td><td> {{MSGNW:linkstoimage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linktrail&action=edit linktrail] </td><td> /^(&#91;a-z]+)(.*)$/sD </td><td> {{MSGNW:linktrail}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Listform&action=edit listform] </td><td> list </td><td> {{MSGNW:listform}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Listusers&action=edit listusers] </td><td> User list </td><td> {{MSGNW:listusers}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loadhist&action=edit loadhist] </td><td> Loading page history </td><td> {{MSGNW:loadhist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loadingrev&action=edit loadingrev] </td><td> loading revision for diff </td><td> {{MSGNW:loadingrev}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Localtime&action=edit localtime] </td><td> Local time display </td><td> {{MSGNW:localtime}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockbtn&action=edit lockbtn] </td><td> Lock database </td><td> {{MSGNW:lockbtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockconfirm&action=edit lockconfirm] </td><td> Yes, I really want to lock the database. </td><td> {{MSGNW:lockconfirm}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdb&action=edit lockdb] </td><td> Lock database </td><td> {{MSGNW:lockdb}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdbsuccesssub&action=edit lockdbsuccesssub] </td><td> Database lock succeeded </td><td> {{MSGNW:lockdbsuccesssub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdbsuccesstext&action=edit lockdbsuccesstext] </td><td> The database has been locked. &lt;br&gt;Remember to remove the lock after your maintenance is complete. </td><td> {{MSGNW:lockdbsuccesstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdbtext&action=edit lockdbtext] </td><td> Locking the database will suspend the ability of all users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and other things requiring changes in the database. Please confirm that this is what you intend to do, and that you will unlock the database when your maintenance is done. </td><td> {{MSGNW:lockdbtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Locknoconfirm&action=edit locknoconfirm] </td><td> You did not check the confirmation box. </td><td> {{MSGNW:locknoconfirm}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Login&action=edit login] </td><td> Log in </td><td> {{MSGNW:login}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginend&action=edit loginend] </td><td> &amp;lt;loginend&amp;gt; </td><td> {{MSGNW:loginend}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginerror&action=edit loginerror] </td><td> Login error </td><td> {{MSGNW:loginerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginpagetitle&action=edit loginpagetitle] </td><td> User login </td><td> {{MSGNW:loginpagetitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginproblem&action=edit loginproblem] </td><td> &lt;b&gt;There has been a problem with your login.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;Try again! </td><td> {{MSGNW:loginproblem}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginprompt&action=edit loginprompt] </td><td> You must have cookies enabled to log in to Wikipedia. </td><td> {{MSGNW:loginprompt}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginsuccess&action=edit loginsuccess] </td><td> You are now logged in to Wikipedia as &quot;$1&quot;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:loginsuccess}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginsuccesstitle&action=edit loginsuccesstitle] </td><td> Login successful </td><td> {{MSGNW:loginsuccesstitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Logout&action=edit logout] </td><td> Log out </td><td> {{MSGNW:logout}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Logouttext&action=edit logouttext] </td><td> You are now logged out. You can continue to use Wikipedia anonymously, or you can log in again as the same or as a different user. Note that some pages may continue to be displayed as if you were still logged in, until you clear your browser cache </td><td> {{MSGNW:logouttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Logouttitle&action=edit logouttitle] </td><td> User logout </td><td> {{MSGNW:logouttitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lonelypages&action=edit lonelypages] </td><td> Orphaned pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:lonelypages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Longpages&action=edit longpages] </td><td> Long pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:longpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Longpagewarning&action=edit longpagewarning] </td><td> WARNING: This page is $1 kilobytes long; some browsers may have problems editing pages approaching or longer than 32kb. Please consider breaking the page into smaller sections. </td><td> {{MSGNW:longpagewarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mailmypassword&action=edit mailmypassword] </td><td> Mail me a new password </td><td> {{MSGNW:mailmypassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mailnologin&action=edit mailnologin] </td><td> No send address </td><td> {{MSGNW:mailnologin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mailnologintext&action=edit mailnologintext] </td><td> You must be &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Userlogin&quot;&gt;logged in&lt;/a&gt; and have a valid e-mail address in your &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Preferences&quot;&gt;preferences&lt;/a&gt; to send e-mail to other users. </td><td> {{MSGNW:mailnologintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mainpage&action=edit mainpage] </td><td> Main Page </td><td> {{MSGNW:mainpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mainpagetext&action=edit mainpagetext] </td><td> Wiki software successfully installed. </td><td> {{MSGNW:mainpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Maintenance&action=edit maintenance] </td><td> Maintenance page </td><td> {{MSGNW:maintenance}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Maintenancebacklink&action=edit maintenancebacklink] </td><td> Back to Maintenance Page </td><td> {{MSGNW:maintenancebacklink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Maintnancepagetext&action=edit maintnancepagetext] </td><td> This page includes several handy tools for everyday maintenance. Some of these functions tend to stress the database, so please do not hit reload after every item you fixed ;-) </td><td> {{MSGNW:maintnancepagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysopfail&action=edit makesysopfail] </td><td> &lt;b&gt;User &#39;$1&#39; could not be made into a sysop. (Did you enter the name correctly?)&lt;/b&gt; </td><td> {{MSGNW:makesysopfail}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysopname&action=edit makesysopname] </td><td> Name of the user: </td><td> {{MSGNW:makesysopname}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysopok&action=edit makesysopok] </td><td> &lt;b&gt;User &#39;$1&#39; is now a sysop&lt;/b&gt; </td><td> {{MSGNW:makesysopok}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysopsubmit&action=edit makesysopsubmit] </td><td> Make this user into a sysop </td><td> {{MSGNW:makesysopsubmit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysoptext&action=edit makesysoptext] </td><td> This form is used by bureaucrats to turn ordinary users into administrators. Type the name of the user in the box and press the button to make the user an administrator </td><td> {{MSGNW:makesysoptext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysoptitle&action=edit makesysoptitle] </td><td> Make a user into a sysop </td><td> {{MSGNW:makesysoptitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Matchtotals&action=edit matchtotals] </td><td> The query &quot;$1&quot; matched $2 article titles and the text of $3 articles. </td><td> {{MSGNW:matchtotals}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math&action=edit math] </td><td> Rendering math </td><td> {{MSGNW:math}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_failure&action=edit math_failure] </td><td> Failed to parse </td><td> {{MSGNW:math_failure}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_image_error&action=edit math_image_error] </td><td> PNG conversion failed </td><td> {{MSGNW:math_image_error}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_lexing_error&action=edit math_lexing_error] </td><td> lexing error </td><td> {{MSGNW:math_lexing_error}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_sample&action=edit math_sample] </td><td> Insert formula here </td><td> {{MSGNW:math_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_syntax_error&action=edit math_syntax_error] </td><td> syntax error </td><td> {{MSGNW:math_syntax_error}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_tip&action=edit math_tip] </td><td> Mathematical formula (LaTeX) </td><td> {{MSGNW:math_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_unknown_error&action=edit math_unknown_error] </td><td> unknown error </td><td> {{MSGNW:math_unknown_error}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_unknown_function&action=edit math_unknown_function] </td><td> unknown function </td><td> {{MSGNW:math_unknown_function}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Media_sample&action=edit media_sample] </td><td> Example.mp3 </td><td> {{MSGNW:media_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Media_tip&action=edit media_tip] </td><td> Media file link </td><td> {{MSGNW:media_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Minlength&action=edit minlength] </td><td> Image names must be at least three letters. </td><td> {{MSGNW:minlength}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Minoredit&action=edit minoredit] </td><td> This is a minor edit </td><td> {{MSGNW:minoredit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Minoreditletter&action=edit minoreditletter] </td><td> M </td><td> {{MSGNW:minoreditletter}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mispeelings&action=edit mispeelings] </td><td> Pages with misspellings </td><td> {{MSGNW:mispeelings}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mispeelingspage&action=edit mispeelingspage] </td><td> List of common misspellings </td><td> {{MSGNW:mispeelingspage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mispeelingstext&action=edit mispeelingstext] </td><td> The following pages contain a common misspelling, which are listed on $1. The correct spelling might be given (like this). </td><td> {{MSGNW:mispeelingstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missingarticle&action=edit missingarticle] </td><td> The database did not find the text of a page that it should have found, named &quot;$1&quot;. &lt;p&gt;This is usually caused by following an outdated diff or history link to a page that has been deleted. &lt;p&gt;If this is not the case, you may have found a bug in the software. Please report this to an administrator, making note of the URL. </td><td> {{MSGNW:missingarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missinglanguagelinks&action=edit missinglanguagelinks] </td><td> Missing Language Links </td><td> {{MSGNW:missinglanguagelinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missinglanguagelinksbutton&action=edit missinglanguagelinksbutton] </td><td> Find missing language links for </td><td> {{MSGNW:missinglanguagelinksbutton}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missinglanguagelinkstext&action=edit missinglanguagelinkstext] </td><td> These articles do &lt;i&gt;not&lt;/i&gt; link to their counterpart in $1. Redirects and subpages are &lt;i&gt;not&lt;/i&gt; shown. </td><td> {{MSGNW:missinglanguagelinkstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Moredotdotdot&action=edit moredotdotdot] </td><td> More... </td><td> {{MSGNW:moredotdotdot}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movearticle&action=edit movearticle] </td><td> Move page </td><td> {{MSGNW:movearticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movedto&action=edit movedto] </td><td> moved to </td><td> {{MSGNW:movedto}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movenologin&action=edit movenologin] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> {{MSGNW:movenologin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movenologintext&action=edit movenologintext] </td><td> You must be a registered user and &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Userlogin&quot;&gt;logged in&lt;/a&gt; to move a page. </td><td> {{MSGNW:movenologintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepage&action=edit movepage] </td><td> Move page </td><td> {{MSGNW:movepage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepagebtn&action=edit movepagebtn] </td><td> Move page </td><td> {{MSGNW:movepagebtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepagetalktext&action=edit movepagetalktext] </td><td> The associated talk page, if any, will be automatically moved along with it &#39;&#39;&#39;unless:&#39;&#39;&#39; *You are moving the page across namespaces, *A non-empty talk page already exists under the new name, or *You uncheck the box below. In those cases, you will have to move or merge the page manually if desired. </td><td> {{MSGNW:movepagetalktext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepagetext&action=edit movepagetext] </td><td> Using the form below will rename a page, moving all of its history to the new name. The old title will become a redirect page to the new title. Links to the old page title will not be changed; be sure to &#91;&#91;Special:Maintenance&#124;check]] for double or broken redirects. You are responsible for making sure that links continue to point where they are supposed to go. Note that the page will &#39;&#39;&#39;not&#39;&#39;&#39; be moved if there is already a page at the new title, unless it is empty or a redirect and has no past edit history. This means that you can rename a page back to where it was just renamed from if you make a mistake, and you cannot overwrite an existing page. &lt;b&gt;WARNING!&lt;/b&gt; This can be a drastic and unexpected change for a popular page; please be sure you understand the consequences of this before proceeding. </td><td> {{MSGNW:movepagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movetalk&action=edit movetalk] </td><td> Move &quot;talk&quot; page as well, if applicable. </td><td> {{MSGNW:movetalk}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movethispage&action=edit movethispage] </td><td> Move this page </td><td> {{MSGNW:movethispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mycontris&action=edit mycontris] </td><td> My contributions </td><td> {{MSGNW:mycontris}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mypage&action=edit mypage] </td><td> My page </td><td> {{MSGNW:mypage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mytalk&action=edit mytalk] </td><td> My talk </td><td> {{MSGNW:mytalk}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nbytes&action=edit nbytes] </td><td> $1 bytes </td><td> {{MSGNW:nbytes}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nchanges&action=edit nchanges] </td><td> $1 changes </td><td> {{MSGNW:nchanges}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newarticle&action=edit newarticle] </td><td> (New) </td><td> {{MSGNW:newarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newarticletext&action=edit newarticletext] </td><td> You&#39;ve followed a link to a page that doesn&#39;t exist yet. To create the page, start typing in the box below (see the &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:Help&#124;help page]] for more info). If you are here by mistake, just click your browser&#39;s &#39;&#39;&#39;back&#39;&#39;&#39; button. </td><td> {{MSGNW:newarticletext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newmessages&action=edit newmessages] </td><td> You have $1. </td><td> {{MSGNW:newmessages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newmessageslink&action=edit newmessageslink] </td><td> new messages </td><td> {{MSGNW:newmessageslink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpage&action=edit newpage] </td><td> New page </td><td> {{MSGNW:newpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpageletter&action=edit newpageletter] </td><td> N </td><td> {{MSGNW:newpageletter}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpages&action=edit newpages] </td><td> New pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:newpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpassword&action=edit newpassword] </td><td> New password </td><td> {{MSGNW:newpassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newtitle&action=edit newtitle] </td><td> To new title </td><td> {{MSGNW:newtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newusersonly&action=edit newusersonly] </td><td> (new users only) </td><td> {{MSGNW:newusersonly}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Next&action=edit next] </td><td> next </td><td> {{MSGNW:next}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nextn&action=edit nextn] </td><td> next $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:nextn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nlinks&action=edit nlinks] </td><td> $1 links </td><td> {{MSGNW:nlinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noaffirmation&action=edit noaffirmation] </td><td> You must affirm that your upload does not violate any copyrights. </td><td> {{MSGNW:noaffirmation}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noarticletext&action=edit noarticletext] </td><td> (There is currently no text in this page) </td><td> {{MSGNW:noarticletext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noblockreason&action=edit noblockreason] </td><td> You must supply a reason for the block. </td><td> {{MSGNW:noblockreason}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noconnect&action=edit noconnect] </td><td> Sorry! The wiki is experiencing some technical difficulties, and cannot contact the database server. </td><td> {{MSGNW:noconnect}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nocontribs&action=edit nocontribs] </td><td> No changes were found matching these criteria. </td><td> {{MSGNW:nocontribs}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nocookieslogin&action=edit nocookieslogin] </td><td> Wikipedia uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them and try again. </td><td> {{MSGNW:nocookieslogin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nocookiesnew&action=edit nocookiesnew] </td><td> The user account was created, but you are not logged in. Wikipedia uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them, then log in with your new username and password. </td><td> {{MSGNW:nocookiesnew}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nodb&action=edit nodb] </td><td> Could not select database $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:nodb}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noemail&action=edit noemail] </td><td> There is no e-mail address recorded for user &quot;$1&quot;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:noemail}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noemailtext&action=edit noemailtext] </td><td> This user has not specified a valid e-mail address, or has chosen not to receive e-mail from other users. </td><td> {{MSGNW:noemailtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noemailtitle&action=edit noemailtitle] </td><td> No e-mail address </td><td> {{MSGNW:noemailtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nogomatch&action=edit nogomatch] </td><td> No page with this exact title exists, trying full text search. </td><td> {{MSGNW:nogomatch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nohistory&action=edit nohistory] </td><td> There is no edit history for this page. </td><td> {{MSGNW:nohistory}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nolinkshere&action=edit nolinkshere] </td><td> No pages link to here. </td><td> {{MSGNW:nolinkshere}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nolinkstoimage&action=edit nolinkstoimage] </td><td> There are no pages that link to this image. </td><td> {{MSGNW:nolinkstoimage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noname&action=edit noname] </td><td> You have not specified a valid user name. </td><td> {{MSGNW:noname}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nonefound&action=edit nonefound] </td><td> &lt;strong&gt;Note&lt;/strong&gt;: unsuccessful searches are often caused by searching for common words like &quot;have&quot; and &quot;from&quot;, which are not indexed, or by specifying more than one search term (only pages containing all of the search terms will appear in the result). </td><td> {{MSGNW:nonefound}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nospecialpagetext&action=edit nospecialpagetext] </td><td> You have requested a special page that is not recognized by the wiki. </td><td> {{MSGNW:nospecialpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchaction&action=edit nosuchaction] </td><td> No such action </td><td> {{MSGNW:nosuchaction}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchactiontext&action=edit nosuchactiontext] </td><td> The action specified by the URL is not recognized by the wiki </td><td> {{MSGNW:nosuchactiontext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchspecialpage&action=edit nosuchspecialpage] </td><td> No such special page </td><td> {{MSGNW:nosuchspecialpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchuser&action=edit nosuchuser] </td><td> There is no user by the name &quot;$1&quot;. Check your spelling, or use the form below to create a new user account. </td><td> {{MSGNW:nosuchuser}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notanarticle&action=edit notanarticle] </td><td> Not an article </td><td> {{MSGNW:notanarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notargettext&action=edit notargettext] </td><td> You have not specified a target page or user to perform this function on. </td><td> {{MSGNW:notargettext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notargettitle&action=edit notargettitle] </td><td> No target </td><td> {{MSGNW:notargettitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Note&action=edit note] </td><td> &lt;strong&gt;Note:&lt;/strong&gt; </td><td> {{MSGNW:note}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notextmatches&action=edit notextmatches] </td><td> No article text matches </td><td> {{MSGNW:notextmatches}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notitlematches&action=edit notitlematches] </td><td> No article title matches </td><td> {{MSGNW:notitlematches}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notloggedin&action=edit notloggedin] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> {{MSGNW:notloggedin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nowatchlist&action=edit nowatchlist] </td><td> You have no items on your watchlist. </td><td> {{MSGNW:nowatchlist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nowiki_sample&action=edit nowiki_sample] </td><td> Insert non-formatted text here </td><td> {{MSGNW:nowiki_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nowiki_tip&action=edit nowiki_tip] </td><td> Ignore wiki formatting </td><td> {{MSGNW:nowiki_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nviews&action=edit nviews] </td><td> $1 views </td><td> {{MSGNW:nviews}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ok&action=edit ok] </td><td> OK </td><td> {{MSGNW:ok}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Oldpassword&action=edit oldpassword] </td><td> Old password </td><td> {{MSGNW:oldpassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Orig&action=edit orig] </td><td> orig </td><td> {{MSGNW:orig}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Orphans&action=edit orphans] </td><td> Orphaned pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:orphans}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Otherlanguages&action=edit otherlanguages] </td><td> Other languages </td><td> {{MSGNW:otherlanguages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Pagemovedsub&action=edit pagemovedsub] </td><td> Move succeeded </td><td> {{MSGNW:pagemovedsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Pagemovedtext&action=edit pagemovedtext] </td><td> Page &quot;&#91;&#91;$1]]&quot; moved to &quot;&#91;&#91;$2]]&quot;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:pagemovedtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Passwordremindertext&action=edit passwordremindertext] </td><td> Someone (probably you, from IP address $1) requested that we send you a new Wikipedia login password. The password for user &quot;$2&quot; is now &quot;$3&quot;. You should log in and change your password now. </td><td> {{MSGNW:passwordremindertext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Passwordremindertitle&action=edit passwordremindertitle] </td><td> Password reminder from Wikipedia </td><td> {{MSGNW:passwordremindertitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Passwordsent&action=edit passwordsent] </td><td> A new password has been sent to the e-mail address registered for &quot;$1&quot;. Please log in again after you receive it. </td><td> {{MSGNW:passwordsent}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Perfdisabled&action=edit perfdisabled] </td><td> Sorry! This feature has been temporarily disabled because it slows the database down to the point that no one can use the wiki. </td><td> {{MSGNW:perfdisabled}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Perfdisabledsub&action=edit perfdisabledsub] </td><td> Here&#39;s a saved copy from $1: </td><td> {{MSGNW:perfdisabledsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Popularpages&action=edit popularpages] </td><td> Popular pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:popularpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Postcomment&action=edit postcomment] </td><td> Post a comment </td><td> {{MSGNW:postcomment}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Powersearch&action=edit powersearch] </td><td> Search </td><td> {{MSGNW:powersearch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Powersearchtext&action=edit powersearchtext] </td><td> Search in namespaces :&lt;br&gt; $1&lt;br&gt; $2 List redirects &amp;nbsp; Search for $3 $9 </td><td> {{MSGNW:powersearchtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Preferences&action=edit preferences] </td><td> Preferences </td><td> {{MSGNW:preferences}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefslogintext&action=edit prefslogintext] </td><td> You are logged in as &quot;$1&quot;. Your internal ID number is $2. See &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:User preferences help]] for help deciphering the options. </td><td> {{MSGNW:prefslogintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefsnologin&action=edit prefsnologin] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> {{MSGNW:prefsnologin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefsnologintext&action=edit prefsnologintext] </td><td> You must be &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Userlogin&quot;&gt;logged in&lt;/a&gt; to set user preferences. </td><td> {{MSGNW:prefsnologintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefsreset&action=edit prefsreset] </td><td> Preferences have been reset from storage. </td><td> {{MSGNW:prefsreset}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Preview&action=edit preview] </td><td> Preview </td><td> {{MSGNW:preview}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Previewconflict&action=edit previewconflict] </td><td> This preview reflects the text in the upper text editing area as it will appear if you choose to save. </td><td> {{MSGNW:previewconflict}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Previewnote&action=edit previewnote] </td><td> Remember that this is only a preview, and has not yet been saved! </td><td> {{MSGNW:previewnote}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prevn&action=edit prevn] </td><td> previous $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:prevn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Printableversion&action=edit printableversion] </td><td> Printable version </td><td> {{MSGNW:printableversion}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Printsubtitle&action=edit printsubtitle] </td><td> (From http&#58;//www.wikipedia.org) </td><td> {{MSGNW:printsubtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedarticle&action=edit protectedarticle] </td><td> protected &#91;&#91;$1]] </td><td> {{MSGNW:protectedarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedpage&action=edit protectedpage] </td><td> Protected page </td><td> {{MSGNW:protectedpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedpagewarning&action=edit protectedpagewarning] </td><td> WARNING: This page has been locked so that only users with sysop privileges can edit it. Be sure you are following the &lt;a href=&#39;/wiki/Wikipedia:Protected_page_guidelines&#39;&gt;protected page guidelines&lt;/a&gt;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:protectedpagewarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedtext&action=edit protectedtext] </td><td> This page has been locked to prevent editing; there are a number of reasons why this may be so, please see &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:Protected page]]. You can view and copy the source of this page: </td><td> {{MSGNW:protectedtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectlogpage&action=edit protectlogpage] </td><td> Protection_log </td><td> {{MSGNW:protectlogpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectlogtext&action=edit protectlogtext] </td><td> Below is a list of page locks/unlocks. See &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:Protected page]] for more information. </td><td> {{MSGNW:protectlogtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectpage&action=edit protectpage] </td><td> Protect page </td><td> {{MSGNW:protectpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectthispage&action=edit protectthispage] </td><td> Protect this page </td><td> {{MSGNW:protectthispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbbrowse&action=edit qbbrowse] </td><td> Browse </td><td> {{MSGNW:qbbrowse}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbedit&action=edit qbedit] </td><td> Edit </td><td> {{MSGNW:qbedit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbfind&action=edit qbfind] </td><td> Find </td><td> {{MSGNW:qbfind}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbmyoptions&action=edit qbmyoptions] </td><td> My pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:qbmyoptions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbpageinfo&action=edit qbpageinfo] </td><td> Context </td><td> {{MSGNW:qbpageinfo}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbpageoptions&action=edit qbpageoptions] </td><td> This page </td><td> {{MSGNW:qbpageoptions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbsettings&action=edit qbsettings] </td><td> Quickbar settings </td><td> {{MSGNW:qbsettings}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbspecialpages&action=edit qbspecialpages] </td><td> Special pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:qbspecialpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Querybtn&action=edit querybtn] </td><td> Submit query </td><td> {{MSGNW:querybtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Querysuccessful&action=edit querysuccessful] </td><td> Query successful </td><td> {{MSGNW:querysuccessful}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Randompage&action=edit randompage] </td><td> Random page </td><td> {{MSGNW:randompage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Range_block_disabled&action=edit range_block_disabled] </td><td> The sysop ability to create range blocks is disabled. </td><td> {{MSGNW:range_block_disabled}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rchide&action=edit rchide] </td><td> in $4 form; $1 minor edits; $2 secondary namespaces; $3 multiple edits. </td><td> {{MSGNW:rchide}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rclinks&action=edit rclinks] </td><td> Show last $1 changes in last $2 days; $3 </td><td> {{MSGNW:rclinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rclistfrom&action=edit rclistfrom] </td><td> Show new changes starting from $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:rclistfrom}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcliu&action=edit rcliu] </td><td> ; $1 edits from logged in users </td><td> {{MSGNW:rcliu}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcloaderr&action=edit rcloaderr] </td><td> Loading recent changes </td><td> {{MSGNW:rcloaderr}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rclsub&action=edit rclsub] </td><td> (to pages linked from &quot;$1&quot;) </td><td> {{MSGNW:rclsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcnote&action=edit rcnote] </td><td> Below are the last &lt;strong&gt;$1&lt;/strong&gt; changes in last &lt;strong&gt;$2&lt;/strong&gt; days. </td><td> {{MSGNW:rcnote}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcnotefrom&action=edit rcnotefrom] </td><td> Below are the changes since &lt;b&gt;$2&lt;/b&gt; (up to &lt;b&gt;$1&lt;/b&gt; shown). </td><td> {{MSGNW:rcnotefrom}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Readonly&action=edit readonly] </td><td> Database locked </td><td> {{MSGNW:readonly}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Readonlytext&action=edit readonlytext] </td><td> The database is currently locked to new entries and other modifications, probably for routine database maintenance, after which it will be back to normal. The administrator who locked it offered this explanation: &lt;p&gt;$1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:readonlytext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Readonlywarning&action=edit readonlywarning] </td><td> WARNING: The database has been locked for maintenance, so you will not be able to save your edits right now. You may wish to cut-n-paste the text into a text file and save it for later. </td><td> {{MSGNW:readonlywarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchanges&action=edit recentchanges] </td><td> Recent changes </td><td> {{MSGNW:recentchanges}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchangescount&action=edit recentchangescount] </td><td> Number of titles in recent changes </td><td> {{MSGNW:recentchangescount}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchangeslinked&action=edit recentchangeslinked] </td><td> Related changes </td><td> {{MSGNW:recentchangeslinked}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchangestext&action=edit recentchangestext] </td><td> Track the most recent changes to the wiki on this page. </td><td> {{MSGNW:recentchangestext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Redirectedfrom&action=edit redirectedfrom] </td><td> (Redirected from $1) </td><td> {{MSGNW:redirectedfrom}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Remembermypassword&action=edit remembermypassword] </td><td> Remember my password across sessions. </td><td> {{MSGNW:remembermypassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removechecked&action=edit removechecked] </td><td> Remove checked items from watchlist </td><td> {{MSGNW:removechecked}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removedwatch&action=edit removedwatch] </td><td> Removed from watchlist </td><td> {{MSGNW:removedwatch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removedwatchtext&action=edit removedwatchtext] </td><td> The page &quot;$1&quot; has been removed from your watchlist. </td><td> {{MSGNW:removedwatchtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removingchecked&action=edit removingchecked] </td><td> Removing requested items from watchlist... </td><td> {{MSGNW:removingchecked}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Resetprefs&action=edit resetprefs] </td><td> Reset preferences </td><td> {{MSGNW:resetprefs}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Restorelink&action=edit restorelink] </td><td> $1 deleted edits </td><td> {{MSGNW:restorelink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Resultsperpage&action=edit resultsperpage] </td><td> Hits to show per page </td><td> {{MSGNW:resultsperpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Retrievedfrom&action=edit retrievedfrom] </td><td> Retrieved from &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> {{MSGNW:retrievedfrom}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Returnto&action=edit returnto] </td><td> Return to $1. </td><td> {{MSGNW:returnto}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Retypenew&action=edit retypenew] </td><td> Retype new password </td><td> {{MSGNW:retypenew}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Reupload&action=edit reupload] </td><td> Re-upload </td><td> {{MSGNW:reupload}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Reuploaddesc&action=edit reuploaddesc] </td><td> Return to the upload form. </td><td> {{MSGNW:reuploaddesc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Reverted&action=edit reverted] </td><td> Reverted to earlier revision </td><td> {{MSGNW:reverted}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revertimg&action=edit revertimg] </td><td> rev </td><td> {{MSGNW:revertimg}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revertpage&action=edit revertpage] </td><td> Reverted edit of $2, changed back to last version by $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:revertpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revhistory&action=edit revhistory] </td><td> Revision history </td><td> {{MSGNW:revhistory}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revisionasof&action=edit revisionasof] </td><td> Revision as of $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:revisionasof}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revnotfound&action=edit revnotfound] </td><td> Revision not found </td><td> {{MSGNW:revnotfound}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revnotfoundtext&action=edit revnotfoundtext] </td><td> The old revision of the page you asked for could not be found. Please check the URL you used to access this page. </td><td> {{MSGNW:revnotfoundtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rollback&action=edit rollback] </td><td> Roll back edits </td><td> {{MSGNW:rollback}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rollbackfailed&action=edit rollbackfailed] </td><td> Rollback failed </td><td> {{MSGNW:rollbackfailed}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rollbacklink&action=edit rollbacklink] </td><td> rollback </td><td> {{MSGNW:rollbacklink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rows&action=edit rows] </td><td> Rows </td><td> {{MSGNW:rows}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Savearticle&action=edit savearticle] </td><td> Save page </td><td> {{MSGNW:savearticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Savedprefs&action=edit savedprefs] </td><td> Your preferences have been saved. </td><td> {{MSGNW:savedprefs}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Savefile&action=edit savefile] </td><td> Save file </td><td> {{MSGNW:savefile}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Saveprefs&action=edit saveprefs] </td><td> Save preferences </td><td> {{MSGNW:saveprefs}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Search&action=edit search] </td><td> Search </td><td> {{MSGNW:search}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchdisabled&action=edit searchdisabled] </td><td> &lt;p&gt;Sorry! Full text search has been disabled temporarily, for performance reasons. In the meantime, you can use the Google search below, which may be out of date.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;!-- SiteSearch Google --&gt; &lt;FORM method=GET action=&quot;http&#58;//www.google.com/search&quot;&gt; &lt;TABLE bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFFF&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;A HREF=&quot;http&#58;//www.google.com/&quot;&gt; &lt;IMG SRC=&quot;http&#58;//www.google.com/logos/Logo_40wht.gif&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; ALT=&quot;Google&quot;&gt;&lt;/A&gt; &lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;INPUT TYPE=text name=q size=31 maxlength=255 value=&quot;$1&quot;&gt; &lt;INPUT type=submit name=btnG VALUE=&quot;Google Search&quot;&gt; &lt;font size=-1&gt; &lt;input type=hidden name=domains value=&quot;http&#58;//ln.wikipedia.org&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;input type=radio name=sitesearch value=&quot;&quot;&gt; WWW &lt;input type=radio name=sitesearch value=&quot;http&#58;//ln.wikipedia.org&quot; checked&gt; http&#58;//ln.wikipedia.org &lt;br&gt; &lt;input type=&#39;hidden&#39; name=&#39;ie&#39; value=&#39;$2&#39;&gt; &lt;input type=&#39;hidden&#39; name=&#39;oe&#39; value=&#39;$2&#39;&gt; &lt;/font&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt; &lt;/FORM&gt; &lt;!-- SiteSearch Google --&gt; </td><td> {{MSGNW:searchdisabled}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchhelppage&action=edit searchhelppage] </td><td> Wikipedia:Searching </td><td> {{MSGNW:searchhelppage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchingwikipedia&action=edit searchingwikipedia] </td><td> Searching Wikipedia </td><td> {{MSGNW:searchingwikipedia}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchquery&action=edit searchquery] </td><td> For query &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> {{MSGNW:searchquery}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchresults&action=edit searchresults] </td><td> Search results </td><td> {{MSGNW:searchresults}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchresultshead&action=edit searchresultshead] </td><td> Search result settings </td><td> {{MSGNW:searchresultshead}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchresulttext&action=edit searchresulttext] </td><td> For more information about searching Wikipedia, see $1. </td><td> {{MSGNW:searchresulttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sectionedit&action=edit sectionedit] </td><td> (section) </td><td> {{MSGNW:sectionedit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selectonly&action=edit selectonly] </td><td> Only read-only queries are allowed. </td><td> {{MSGNW:selectonly}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selflinks&action=edit selflinks] </td><td> Pages with Self Links </td><td> {{MSGNW:selflinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selflinkstext&action=edit selflinkstext] </td><td> The following pages contain a link to themselves, which they should not. </td><td> {{MSGNW:selflinkstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Servertime&action=edit servertime] </td><td> Server time is now </td><td> {{MSGNW:servertime}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Setbureaucratflag&action=edit setbureaucratflag] </td><td> Set bureaucrat flag </td><td> {{MSGNW:setbureaucratflag}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Shortpages&action=edit shortpages] </td><td> Short pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:shortpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Show&action=edit show] </td><td> show </td><td> {{MSGNW:show}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showhideminor&action=edit showhideminor] </td><td> $1 minor edits </td><td> {{MSGNW:showhideminor}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showingresults&action=edit showingresults] </td><td> Showing below &lt;b&gt;$1&lt;/b&gt; results starting with #&lt;b&gt;$2&lt;/b&gt;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:showingresults}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showingresultsnum&action=edit showingresultsnum] </td><td> Showing below &lt;b&gt;$3&lt;/b&gt; results starting with #&lt;b&gt;$2&lt;/b&gt;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:showingresultsnum}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showlast&action=edit showlast] </td><td> Show last $1 images sorted $2. </td><td> {{MSGNW:showlast}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showpreview&action=edit showpreview] </td><td> Show preview </td><td> {{MSGNW:showpreview}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showtoc&action=edit showtoc] </td><td> show </td><td> {{MSGNW:showtoc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sig_tip&action=edit sig_tip] </td><td> Your signature with timestamp </td><td> {{MSGNW:sig_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitestats&action=edit sitestats] </td><td> Site statistics </td><td> {{MSGNW:sitestats}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitestatstext&action=edit sitestatstext] </td><td> There are &lt;b&gt;$1&lt;/b&gt; total pages in the database. This includes &quot;talk&quot; pages, pages about Wikipedia, minimal &quot;stub&quot; pages, redirects, and others that probably don&#39;t qualify as articles. Excluding those, there are &lt;b&gt;$2&lt;/b&gt; pages that are probably legitimate articles.&lt;p&gt; There have been a total of &lt;b&gt;$3&lt;/b&gt; page views, and &lt;b&gt;$4&lt;/b&gt; page edits since the software was upgraded (July 20, 2002). That comes to &lt;b&gt;$5&lt;/b&gt; average edits per page, and &lt;b&gt;$6&lt;/b&gt; views per edit. </td><td> {{MSGNW:sitestatstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitesubtitle&action=edit sitesubtitle] </td><td> The Free Encyclopedia </td><td> {{MSGNW:sitesubtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitesupport&action=edit sitesupport] </td><td> Donations </td><td> {{MSGNW:sitesupport}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitesupportpage&action=edit sitesupportpage] </td><td> &amp;lt;sitesupportpage&amp;gt; </td><td> {{MSGNW:sitesupportpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitetitle&action=edit sitetitle] </td><td> Wikipedia </td><td> {{MSGNW:sitetitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Skin&action=edit skin] </td><td> Skin </td><td> {{MSGNW:skin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Specialpages&action=edit specialpages] </td><td> Special pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:specialpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Spheading&action=edit spheading] </td><td> Special pages for all users </td><td> {{MSGNW:spheading}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sqlislogged&action=edit sqlislogged] </td><td> Please note that all queries are logged. </td><td> {{MSGNW:sqlislogged}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sqlquery&action=edit sqlquery] </td><td> Enter query </td><td> {{MSGNW:sqlquery}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Statistics&action=edit statistics] </td><td> Statistics </td><td> {{MSGNW:statistics}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Storedversion&action=edit storedversion] </td><td> Stored version </td><td> {{MSGNW:storedversion}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Stubthreshold&action=edit stubthreshold] </td><td> Threshold for stub display </td><td> {{MSGNW:stubthreshold}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Subcategories&action=edit subcategories] </td><td> Subcategories </td><td> {{MSGNW:subcategories}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Subject&action=edit subject] </td><td> Subject/headline </td><td> {{MSGNW:subject}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Subjectpage&action=edit subjectpage] </td><td> View subject </td><td> {{MSGNW:subjectpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Successfulupload&action=edit successfulupload] </td><td> Successful upload </td><td> {{MSGNW:successfulupload}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Summary&action=edit summary] </td><td> Summary </td><td> {{MSGNW:summary}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sysopspheading&action=edit sysopspheading] </td><td> For sysop use only </td><td> {{MSGNW:sysopspheading}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sysoptext&action=edit sysoptext] </td><td> The action you have requested can only be performed by users with &quot;sysop&quot; status. See $1. </td><td> {{MSGNW:sysoptext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sysoptitle&action=edit sysoptitle] </td><td> Sysop access required </td><td> {{MSGNW:sysoptitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tableform&action=edit tableform] </td><td> table </td><td> {{MSGNW:tableform}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkexists&action=edit talkexists] </td><td> The page itself was moved successfully, but the talk page could not be moved because one already exists at the new title. Please merge them manually. </td><td> {{MSGNW:talkexists}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkpage&action=edit talkpage] </td><td> Discuss this page </td><td> {{MSGNW:talkpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkpagemoved&action=edit talkpagemoved] </td><td> The corresponding talk page was also moved. </td><td> {{MSGNW:talkpagemoved}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkpagenotmoved&action=edit talkpagenotmoved] </td><td> The corresponding talk page was &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; moved. </td><td> {{MSGNW:talkpagenotmoved}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Textboxsize&action=edit textboxsize] </td><td> Textbox dimensions </td><td> {{MSGNW:textboxsize}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Textmatches&action=edit textmatches] </td><td> Article text matches </td><td> {{MSGNW:textmatches}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Thisisdeleted&action=edit thisisdeleted] </td><td> View or restore $1? </td><td> {{MSGNW:thisisdeleted}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Thumbnail-more&action=edit thumbnail-more] </td><td> Enlarge </td><td> {{MSGNW:thumbnail-more}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Timezoneoffset&action=edit timezoneoffset] </td><td> Offset </td><td> {{MSGNW:timezoneoffset}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Timezonetext&action=edit timezonetext] </td><td> Enter number of hours your local time differs from server time (UTC). </td><td> {{MSGNW:timezonetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Titlematches&action=edit titlematches] </td><td> Article title matches </td><td> {{MSGNW:titlematches}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Toc&action=edit toc] </td><td> Table of contents </td><td> {{MSGNW:toc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uclinks&action=edit uclinks] </td><td> View the last $1 changes; view the last $2 days. </td><td> {{MSGNW:uclinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ucnote&action=edit ucnote] </td><td> Below are this user&#39;s last &lt;b&gt;$1&lt;/b&gt; changes in the last &lt;b&gt;$2&lt;/b&gt; days. </td><td> {{MSGNW:ucnote}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uctop&action=edit uctop] </td><td> (top) </td><td> {{MSGNW:uctop}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblockip&action=edit unblockip] </td><td> Unblock user </td><td> {{MSGNW:unblockip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblockiptext&action=edit unblockiptext] </td><td> Use the form below to restore write access to a previously blocked IP address or username. </td><td> {{MSGNW:unblockiptext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblocklink&action=edit unblocklink] </td><td> unblock </td><td> {{MSGNW:unblocklink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblocklogentry&action=edit unblocklogentry] </td><td> unblocked &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> {{MSGNW:unblocklogentry}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undelete&action=edit undelete] </td><td> Restore deleted page </td><td> {{MSGNW:undelete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletearticle&action=edit undeletearticle] </td><td> Restore deleted article </td><td> {{MSGNW:undeletearticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletebtn&action=edit undeletebtn] </td><td> Restore! </td><td> {{MSGNW:undeletebtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletedarticle&action=edit undeletedarticle] </td><td> restored &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> {{MSGNW:undeletedarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletedtext&action=edit undeletedtext] </td><td> The article &#91;&#91;$1]] has been successfully restored. See &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:Deletion_log]] for a record of recent deletions and restorations. </td><td> {{MSGNW:undeletedtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletehistory&action=edit undeletehistory] </td><td> If you restore the page, all revisions will be restored to the history. If a new page with the same name has been created since the deletion, the restored revisions will appear in the prior history, and the current revision of the live page will not be automatically replaced. </td><td> {{MSGNW:undeletehistory}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletepage&action=edit undeletepage] </td><td> View and restore deleted pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:undeletepage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletepagetext&action=edit undeletepagetext] </td><td> The following pages have been deleted but are still in the archive and can be restored. The archive may be periodically cleaned out. </td><td> {{MSGNW:undeletepagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeleterevision&action=edit undeleterevision] </td><td> Deleted revision as of $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:undeleterevision}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeleterevisions&action=edit undeleterevisions] </td><td> $1 revisions archived </td><td> {{MSGNW:undeleterevisions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unexpected&action=edit unexpected] </td><td> Unexpected value: &quot;$1&quot;=&quot;$2&quot;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:unexpected}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockbtn&action=edit unlockbtn] </td><td> Unlock database </td><td> {{MSGNW:unlockbtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockconfirm&action=edit unlockconfirm] </td><td> Yes, I really want to unlock the database. </td><td> {{MSGNW:unlockconfirm}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdb&action=edit unlockdb] </td><td> Unlock database </td><td> {{MSGNW:unlockdb}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdbsuccesssub&action=edit unlockdbsuccesssub] </td><td> Database lock removed </td><td> {{MSGNW:unlockdbsuccesssub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdbsuccesstext&action=edit unlockdbsuccesstext] </td><td> The database has been unlocked. </td><td> {{MSGNW:unlockdbsuccesstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdbtext&action=edit unlockdbtext] </td><td> Unlocking the database will restore the ability of all users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and other things requiring changes in the database. Please confirm that this is what you intend to do. </td><td> {{MSGNW:unlockdbtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unprotectedarticle&action=edit unprotectedarticle] </td><td> unprotected &#91;&#91;$1]] </td><td> {{MSGNW:unprotectedarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unprotectthispage&action=edit unprotectthispage] </td><td> Unprotect this page </td><td> {{MSGNW:unprotectthispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unusedimages&action=edit unusedimages] </td><td> Unused images </td><td> {{MSGNW:unusedimages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unusedimagestext&action=edit unusedimagestext] </td><td> &lt;p&gt;Please note that other web sites such as the international Wikipedias may link to an image with a direct URL, and so may still be listed here despite being in active use. </td><td> {{MSGNW:unusedimagestext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unwatchthispage&action=edit unwatchthispage] </td><td> Stop watching </td><td> {{MSGNW:unwatchthispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Updated&action=edit updated] </td><td> (Updated) </td><td> {{MSGNW:updated}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Upload&action=edit upload] </td><td> Upload file </td><td> {{MSGNW:upload}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadbtn&action=edit uploadbtn] </td><td> Upload file </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadbtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploaddisabled&action=edit uploaddisabled] </td><td> Sorry, uploading is disabled. </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploaddisabled}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadedfiles&action=edit uploadedfiles] </td><td> Uploaded files </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadedfiles}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadedimage&action=edit uploadedimage] </td><td> uploaded &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadedimage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploaderror&action=edit uploaderror] </td><td> Upload error </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploaderror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadfile&action=edit uploadfile] </td><td> Upload images, sounds, documents etc. </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadfile}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlink&action=edit uploadlink] </td><td> Upload images </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadlink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlog&action=edit uploadlog] </td><td> upload log </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadlog}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlogpage&action=edit uploadlogpage] </td><td> Upload_log </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadlogpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlogpagetext&action=edit uploadlogpagetext] </td><td> Below is a list of the most recent file uploads. All times shown are server time (UTC). &lt;ul&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadlogpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadnologin&action=edit uploadnologin] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadnologin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadnologintext&action=edit uploadnologintext] </td><td> You must be &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Userlogin&quot;&gt;logged in&lt;/a&gt; to upload files. </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadnologintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadtext&action=edit uploadtext] </td><td> &lt;strong&gt;STOP!&lt;/strong&gt; Before you upload here, make sure to read and follow the &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy&quot;&gt;image use policy&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;p&gt;If a file with the name you are specifying already exists on the wiki, it&#39;ll be replaced without warning. So unless you mean to update a file, it&#39;s a good idea to first check if such a file exists. &lt;p&gt;To view or search previously uploaded images, go to the &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Imagelist&quot;&gt;list of uploaded images&lt;/a&gt;. Uploads and deletions are logged on the &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Wikipedia:Upload_log&quot;&gt;upload log&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;p&gt;Use the form below to upload new image files for use in illustrating your articles. On most browsers, you will see a &quot;Browse...&quot; button, which will bring up your operating system&#39;s standard file open dialog. Choosing a file will fill the name of that file into the text field next to the button. You must also check the box affirming that you are not violating any copyrights by uploading the file. Press the &quot;Upload&quot; button to finish the upload. This may take some time if you have a slow internet connection. &lt;p&gt;The preferred formats are JPEG for photographic images, PNG for drawings and other iconic images, and OGG for sounds. Please name your files descriptively to avoid confusion. To include the image in an article, use a link in the form &lt;b&gt;&#91;&#91;image:file.jpg]]&lt;/b&gt; or &lt;b&gt;&#91;&#91;image:file.png&#124;alt text]]&lt;/b&gt; or &lt;b&gt;&#91;&#91;media:file.ogg]]&lt;/b&gt; for sounds. &lt;p&gt;Please note that as with wiki pages, others may edit or delete your uploads if they think it serves the encyclopedia, and you may be blocked from uploading if you abuse the system. </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadwarning&action=edit uploadwarning] </td><td> Upload warning </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadwarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userexists&action=edit userexists] </td><td> The user name you entered is already in use. Please choose a different name. </td><td> {{MSGNW:userexists}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userlogin&action=edit userlogin] </td><td> Log in </td><td> {{MSGNW:userlogin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userlogout&action=edit userlogout] </td><td> Log out </td><td> {{MSGNW:userlogout}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userpage&action=edit userpage] </td><td> View user page </td><td> {{MSGNW:userpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userstats&action=edit userstats] </td><td> User statistics </td><td> {{MSGNW:userstats}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userstatstext&action=edit userstatstext] </td><td> There are &lt;b&gt;$1&lt;/b&gt; registered users. &lt;b&gt;$2&lt;/b&gt; of these are administrators (see $3). </td><td> {{MSGNW:userstatstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Version&action=edit version] </td><td> Version </td><td> {{MSGNW:version}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewcount&action=edit viewcount] </td><td> This page has been accessed $1 times. </td><td> {{MSGNW:viewcount}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewprevnext&action=edit viewprevnext] </td><td> View ($1) ($2) ($3). </td><td> {{MSGNW:viewprevnext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewsource&action=edit viewsource] </td><td> View source </td><td> {{MSGNW:viewsource}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewtalkpage&action=edit viewtalkpage] </td><td> View discussion </td><td> {{MSGNW:viewtalkpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wantedpages&action=edit wantedpages] </td><td> Wanted pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:wantedpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchdetails&action=edit watchdetails] </td><td> ($1 pages watched not counting talk pages; $2 total pages edited since cutoff; $3... &lt;a href=&#39;$4&#39;&gt;show and edit complete list&lt;/a&gt;.) </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchdetails}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watcheditlist&action=edit watcheditlist] </td><td> Here&#39;s an alphabetical list of your watched pages. Check the boxes of pages you want to remove from your watchlist and click the &#39;remove checked&#39; button at the bottom of the screen. </td><td> {{MSGNW:watcheditlist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchlist&action=edit watchlist] </td><td> My watchlist </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchlist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchlistcontains&action=edit watchlistcontains] </td><td> Your watchlist contains $1 pages. </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchlistcontains}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchlistsub&action=edit watchlistsub] </td><td> (for user &quot;$1&quot;) </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchlistsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchmethod-list&action=edit watchmethod-list] </td><td> checking watched pages for recent edits </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchmethod-list}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchmethod-recent&action=edit watchmethod-recent] </td><td> checking recent edits for watched pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchmethod-recent}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchnochange&action=edit watchnochange] </td><td> None of your watched items were edited in the time period displayed. </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchnochange}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchnologin&action=edit watchnologin] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchnologin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchnologintext&action=edit watchnologintext] </td><td> You must be &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Userlogin&quot;&gt;logged in&lt;/a&gt; to modify your watchlist. </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchnologintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchthis&action=edit watchthis] </td><td> Watch this article </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchthis}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchthispage&action=edit watchthispage] </td><td> Watch this page </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchthispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Welcomecreation&action=edit welcomecreation] </td><td> &lt;h2&gt;Welcome, $1!&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Your account has been created. Don&#39;t forget to personalize your wikipedia preferences. </td><td> {{MSGNW:welcomecreation}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whatlinkshere&action=edit whatlinkshere] </td><td> What links here </td><td> {{MSGNW:whatlinkshere}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistacctext&action=edit whitelistacctext] </td><td> To be allowed to create accounts in this Wiki you have to &#91;&#91;Special:Userlogin&#124;log]] in and have the appropriate permissions. </td><td> {{MSGNW:whitelistacctext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistacctitle&action=edit whitelistacctitle] </td><td> You are not allowed to create an account </td><td> {{MSGNW:whitelistacctitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistedittext&action=edit whitelistedittext] </td><td> You have to &#91;&#91;Special:Userlogin&#124;login]] to edit articles. </td><td> {{MSGNW:whitelistedittext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistedittitle&action=edit whitelistedittitle] </td><td> Login required to edit </td><td> {{MSGNW:whitelistedittitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistreadtext&action=edit whitelistreadtext] </td><td> You have to &#91;&#91;Special:Userlogin&#124;login]] to read articles. </td><td> {{MSGNW:whitelistreadtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistreadtitle&action=edit whitelistreadtitle] </td><td> Login required to read </td><td> {{MSGNW:whitelistreadtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wikipediapage&action=edit wikipediapage] </td><td> View meta page </td><td> {{MSGNW:wikipediapage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wikititlesuffix&action=edit wikititlesuffix] </td><td> Wikipedia </td><td> {{MSGNW:wikititlesuffix}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wlnote&action=edit wlnote] </td><td> Below are the last $1 changes in the last &lt;b&gt;$2&lt;/b&gt; hours. </td><td> {{MSGNW:wlnote}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wlsaved&action=edit wlsaved] </td><td> This is a saved version of your watchlist. </td><td> {{MSGNW:wlsaved}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wlshowlast&action=edit wlshowlast] </td><td> Show last $1 hours $2 days $3 </td><td> {{MSGNW:wlshowlast}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wrong_wfQuery_params&action=edit wrong_wfQuery_params] </td><td> Incorrect parameters to wfQuery()&lt;br&gt; Function: $1&lt;br&gt; Query: $2 </td><td> {{MSGNW:wrong_wfQuery_params}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wrongpassword&action=edit wrongpassword] </td><td> The password you entered is incorrect. Please try again. </td><td> {{MSGNW:wrongpassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourdiff&action=edit yourdiff] </td><td> Differences </td><td> {{MSGNW:yourdiff}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Youremail&action=edit youremail] </td><td> Your e-mail* </td><td> {{MSGNW:youremail}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourname&action=edit yourname] </td><td> Your user name </td><td> {{MSGNW:yourname}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yournick&action=edit yournick] </td><td> Your nickname (for signatures) </td><td> {{MSGNW:yournick}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourpassword&action=edit yourpassword] </td><td> Your password </td><td> {{MSGNW:yourpassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourpasswordagain&action=edit yourpasswordagain] </td><td> Retype password </td><td> {{MSGNW:yourpasswordagain}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourtext&action=edit yourtext] </td><td> Your text </td><td> {{MSGNW:yourtext}} </td></tr></table> MediaWiki:Bureaucratlog 573 sysop 104 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Bureaucrat_log 831 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Bureaucrat_log 1531 2004-06-29T12:22:10Z MediaWiki default Bureaucrat_log 2790 2004-12-23T04:20:23Z MediaWiki default Bureaucrat_log 4145 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Bureaucrat_log MediaWiki:Bureaucratlogentry 574 sysop 105 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Rights for user "$1" set "$2" 832 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Rights for user "$1" set "$2" 1532 2004-06-29T12:22:10Z MediaWiki default Rights for user "$1" set "$2" 2791 2004-12-23T04:20:24Z MediaWiki default Rights for user "$1" set "$2" 4146 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Rights for user "$1" set "$2" 4729 2005-07-03T13:06:22Z MediaWiki default Changed group membership for $1 from $2 to $3 MediaWiki:Bureaucrattext 575 sysop 106 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default The action you have requested can only be performed by sysops with "bureaucrat" status. 833 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default The action you have requested can only be performed by sysops with "bureaucrat" status. 1533 2004-06-29T12:22:10Z MediaWiki default The action you have requested can only be performed by sysops with "bureaucrat" status. 2792 2004-12-23T04:20:24Z MediaWiki default The action you have requested can only be performed by sysops with "bureaucrat" status. 4147 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default The action you have requested can only be performed by sysops with "bureaucrat" status. MediaWiki:Bureaucrattitle 576 sysop 107 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Bureaucrat access required 834 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Bureaucrat access required 1534 2004-06-29T12:22:10Z MediaWiki default Bureaucrat access required 2793 2004-12-23T04:20:24Z MediaWiki default Bureaucrat access required 4148 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Bureaucrat access required MediaWiki:Defemailsubject 577 sysop 153 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default MediaWiki e-mail 880 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia e-mail 1582 2004-06-29T12:22:17Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia e-mail 2846 2004-12-23T04:20:30Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} e-mail 4149 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} e-mail 8774 2006-07-03T14:40:39Z Bombo 12 {{SITENAME}} mokánda MediaWiki:Googlesearch 578 sysop 227 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default <!-- SiteSearch Google --> <FORM method=GET action="http://www.google.com/search"> <TABLE bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><tr><td> <A HREF="http://www.google.com/"> <IMG SRC="http://www.google.com/logos/Logo_40wht.gif" border="0" ALT="Google"></A> </td> <td> <INPUT TYPE=text name=q size=31 maxlength=255 value="$1"> <INPUT type=submit name=btnG VALUE="Google Search"> <font size=-1> <input type=hidden name=domains value="http://ln.wikipedia.org"><br /><input type=radio name=sitesearch value=""> WWW <input type=radio name=sitesearch value="http://ln.wikipedia.org" checked> http://ln.wikipedia.org <br /> <input type='hidden' name='ie' value='$2'> <input type='hidden' name='oe' value='$2'> </font> </td></tr></TABLE> </FORM> <!-- SiteSearch Google --> 954 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default <!-- SiteSearch Google --> <FORM method=GET action="http://www.google.com/search"> <TABLE bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><tr><td> <A HREF="http://www.google.com/"> <IMG SRC="http://www.google.com/logos/Logo_40wht.gif" border="0" ALT="Google"></A> </td> <td> <INPUT TYPE=text name=q size=31 maxlength=255 value="$1"> <INPUT type=submit name=btnG VALUE="Google Search"> <font size=-1> <input type=hidden name=domains value="{{SERVER}}"><br /><input type=radio name=sitesearch value=""> WWW <input type=radio name=sitesearch value="{{SERVER}}" checked> {{SERVER}} <br /> <input type='hidden' name='ie' value='$2'> <input type='hidden' name='oe' value='$2'> </font> </td></tr></TABLE> </FORM> <!-- SiteSearch Google --> 1655 2004-06-29T12:22:39Z MediaWiki default <!-- SiteSearch Google --> <FORM method=GET action="http://www.google.com/search"> <TABLE bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><tr><td> <A HREF="http://www.google.com/"> <IMG SRC="http://www.google.com/logos/Logo_40wht.gif" border="0" ALT="Google"></A> </td> <td> <INPUT TYPE=text name=q size=31 maxlength=255 value="$1"> <INPUT type=submit name=btnG VALUE="Google Search"> <font size=-1> <input type=hidden name=domains value="http://ln.wikipedia.org"><br /><input type=radio name=sitesearch value=""> WWW <input type=radio name=sitesearch value="http://ln.wikipedia.org" checked> http://ln.wikipedia.org <br /> <input type='hidden' name='ie' value='$2'> <input type='hidden' name='oe' value='$2'> </font> </td></tr></TABLE> </FORM> <!-- SiteSearch Google --> 2928 2004-12-23T04:20:48Z MediaWiki default <!-- SiteSearch Google --> <FORM method=GET action="http://www.google.com/search"> <TABLE bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><tr><td> <A HREF="http://www.google.com/"> <IMG SRC="http://www.google.com/logos/Logo_40wht.gif" border="0" ALT="Google"></A> </td> <td> <INPUT TYPE=text name=q size=31 maxlength=255 value="$1"> <INPUT type=submit name=btnG VALUE="Google Search"> <font size=-1> <input type=hidden name=domains value="{{SERVER}}"><br /><input type=radio name=sitesearch value=""> WWW <input type=radio name=sitesearch value="{{SERVER}}" checked> {{SERVER}} <br /> <input type='hidden' name='ie' value='$2'> <input type='hidden' name='oe' value='$2'> </font> </td></tr></TABLE> </FORM> <!-- SiteSearch Google --> 4150 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default <div style="margin-left: 2em"> <!-- Google search --> <div style="width:130px;float:left;text-align:center;position:relative;top:-8px"><a href="http://www.google.com/" style="padding:0;background-image:none"><img src="http://www.google.com/logos/Logo_40wht.gif" alt="Google" style="border:none" /></a></div> <form method="get" action="http://www.google.com/search" style="margin-left:135px"> <div> <input type="hidden" name="domains" value="{{SERVER}}" /> <input type="hidden" name="num" value="50" /> <input type="hidden" name="ie" value="$2" /> <input type="hidden" name="oe" value="$2" /> <input type="text" name="q" size="31" maxlength="255" value="$1" /> <input type="submit" name="btnG" value="Google Search" /> </div> <div style="font-size:90%"> <input type="radio" name="sitesearch" id="gwiki" value="{{SERVER}}" checked="checked" /><label for="gwiki">{{SITENAME}}</label> <input type="radio" name="sitesearch" id="gWWW" value="" /><label for="gWWW">WWW</label> </div> </form> </div> 5013 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default <form method="get" action="http://www.google.com/search" id="googlesearch"> <input type="hidden" name="domains" value="{{SERVER}}" /> <input type="hidden" name="num" value="50" /> <input type="hidden" name="ie" value="$2" /> <input type="hidden" name="oe" value="$2" /> <input type="text" name="q" size="31" maxlength="255" value="$1" /> <input type="submit" name="btnG" value="$3" /> <div> <input type="radio" name="sitesearch" id="gwiki" value="{{SERVER}}" checked="checked" /><label for="gwiki">{{SITENAME}}</label> <input type="radio" name="sitesearch" id="gWWW" value="" /><label for="gWWW">WWW</label> </div> </form> MediaWiki:Ip range invalid 579 sysop 266 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Invalid IP range. 993 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Invalid IP range. 1695 2004-06-29T12:22:43Z MediaWiki default Invalid IP range. 2970 2004-12-23T04:20:58Z MediaWiki default Invalid IP range. 4151 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Invalid IP range. 7418 2005-12-22T07:25:03Z MediaWiki default Invalid IP range. MediaWiki:Ipb expiry invalid 580 sysop 268 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Expiry time invalid. 995 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Expiry time invalid. 1697 2004-06-29T12:22:44Z MediaWiki default Expiry time invalid. 2972 2004-12-23T04:20:59Z MediaWiki default Expiry time invalid. 4152 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Expiry time invalid. MediaWiki:Ipbexpiry 581 sysop 269 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Expiry 996 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Expiry 1698 2004-06-29T12:22:44Z MediaWiki default Expiry 2973 2004-12-23T04:20:59Z MediaWiki default Expiry 4153 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Expiry MediaWiki:Makesysopfail 582 sysop 330 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default <b>User "$1" could not be made into a sysop. (Did you enter the name correctly?)</b> 1057 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default <b>User "$1" could not be made into a sysop. (Did you enter the name correctly?)</b> 1760 2004-06-29T12:22:52Z MediaWiki default <b>User "$1" could not be made into a sysop. (Did you enter the name correctly?)</b> 3034 2004-12-23T04:21:14Z MediaWiki default <b>User "$1" could not be made into a sysop. (Did you enter the name correctly?)</b> 4154 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default <b>User "$1" could not be made into a sysop. (Did you enter the name correctly?)</b> MediaWiki:Makesysopname 583 sysop 331 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Name of the user: 1058 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Name of the user: 1761 2004-06-29T12:22:52Z MediaWiki default Name of the user: 3035 2004-12-23T04:21:14Z MediaWiki default Name of the user: 4155 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Name of the user: MediaWiki:Makesysopok 584 sysop 332 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default <b>User "$1" is now a sysop</b> 1059 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default <b>User "$1" is now a sysop</b> 1762 2004-06-29T12:22:52Z MediaWiki default <b>User "$1" is now a sysop</b> 3036 2004-12-23T04:21:14Z MediaWiki default <b>User "$1" is now a sysop</b> 4156 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default <b>User "$1" is now a sysop</b> MediaWiki:Makesysopsubmit 585 sysop 333 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Make this user into a sysop 1060 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Make this user into a sysop 1763 2004-06-29T12:22:53Z MediaWiki default Make this user into a sysop 3037 2004-12-23T04:21:16Z MediaWiki default Make this user into a sysop 4157 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Make this user into a sysop MediaWiki:Makesysoptext 586 sysop 334 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default This form is used by bureaucrats to turn ordinary users into administrators. Type the name of the user in the box and press the button to make the user an administrator 1061 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default This form is used by bureaucrats to turn ordinary users into administrators. Type the name of the user in the box and press the button to make the user an administrator 1764 2004-06-29T12:22:53Z MediaWiki default This form is used by bureaucrats to turn ordinary users into administrators. Type the name of the user in the box and press the button to make the user an administrator 3038 2004-12-23T04:21:16Z MediaWiki default This form is used by bureaucrats to turn ordinary users into administrators. Type the name of the user in the box and press the button to make the user an administrator 4158 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default This form is used by bureaucrats to turn ordinary users into administrators. Type the name of the user in the box and press the button to make the user an administrator MediaWiki:Makesysoptitle 587 sysop 335 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Make a user into a sysop 1062 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Make a user into a sysop 1765 2004-06-29T12:22:53Z MediaWiki default Make a user into a sysop 3039 2004-12-23T04:21:16Z MediaWiki default Make a user into a sysop 4159 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Make a user into a sysop MediaWiki:Range block disabled 588 sysop 503 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default The sysop ability to create range blocks is disabled. 1230 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default The sysop ability to create range blocks is disabled. 1937 2004-06-29T12:23:42Z MediaWiki default The sysop ability to create range blocks is disabled. 3238 2004-12-23T04:21:39Z MediaWiki default The sysop ability to create range blocks is disabled. 4160 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default The sysop ability to create range blocks is disabled. MediaWiki:Setbureaucratflag 589 sysop 569 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Set bureaucrat flag 1296 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Set bureaucrat flag 2000 2004-06-29T12:23:55Z MediaWiki default Set bureaucrat flag 3306 2004-12-23T04:21:56Z MediaWiki default Set bureaucrat flag 4161 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Set bureaucrat flag MediaWiki:Version 590 sysop 724 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Version 1412 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Version 2120 2004-06-29T12:24:19Z MediaWiki default Version 3528 2004-12-23T04:22:06Z MediaWiki default Version 4162 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Version Wikipedia:!Short articles 591 sysop 4163 2004-04-15T20:23:59Z 165.111.2.49 <ol start=1><li><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class='internal' title ="Main Page">Main Page</a> (600 bytes)</li> </ol> MediaWiki:Accesskey-addsection 592 sysop 9 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default + 4164 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default + MediaWiki:Accesskey-anontalk 593 sysop 10 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default n 4165 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default n MediaWiki:Accesskey-anonuserpage 594 sysop 11 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default . 4166 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default . 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4173 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default &lt;accesskey-emailuser&gt; MediaWiki:Accesskey-help 602 sysop 19 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default &lt;accesskey-help&gt; 4174 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default &lt;accesskey-help&gt; MediaWiki:Accesskey-history 603 sysop 20 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default h 4175 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default h MediaWiki:Accesskey-login 604 sysop 21 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default o 4176 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default o MediaWiki:Accesskey-logout 605 sysop 22 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default o 4177 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default o MediaWiki:Accesskey-mainpage 606 sysop 23 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default z 4178 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default z MediaWiki:Accesskey-minoredit 607 sysop 24 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default i 772 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default i 1471 2004-06-29T12:21:59Z MediaWiki default i 2717 2004-12-23T04:20:12Z MediaWiki default i 4179 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default i MediaWiki:Accesskey-move 608 sysop 25 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default m 4180 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default m MediaWiki:Accesskey-mycontris 609 sysop 26 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default y 4181 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default y MediaWiki:Accesskey-mytalk 610 sysop 27 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default n 4182 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default n MediaWiki:Accesskey-portal 611 sysop 28 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default &lt;accesskey-portal&gt; 4183 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default &lt;accesskey-portal&gt; MediaWiki:Accesskey-preferences 612 sysop 29 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default &lt;accesskey-preferences&gt; 4184 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default &lt;accesskey-preferences&gt; MediaWiki:Accesskey-preview 613 sysop 30 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default p 773 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default p 1472 2004-06-29T12:21:59Z MediaWiki default p 2718 2004-12-23T04:20:12Z MediaWiki default p 4185 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default p MediaWiki:Accesskey-protect 614 sysop 31 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default = 4186 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default = MediaWiki:Accesskey-randompage 615 sysop 32 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default x 4187 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default x MediaWiki:Accesskey-recentchanges 616 sysop 33 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default r 4188 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default r MediaWiki:Accesskey-recentchangeslinked 617 sysop 34 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default c 4189 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default c MediaWiki:Accesskey-save 618 sysop 35 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default s 774 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default s 1473 2004-06-29T12:21:59Z MediaWiki default s 2719 2004-12-23T04:20:13Z MediaWiki default s 4190 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default s MediaWiki:Accesskey-search 619 sysop 36 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default f 775 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default f 1474 2004-06-29T12:21:59Z MediaWiki default f 2720 2004-12-23T04:20:14Z MediaWiki default f 4191 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default f MediaWiki:Accesskey-sitesupport 620 sysop 37 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default &lt;accesskey-sitesupport&gt; 4192 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default &lt;accesskey-sitesupport&gt; MediaWiki:Accesskey-specialpage 621 sysop 38 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default &lt;accesskey-specialpage&gt; 4193 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default &lt;accesskey-specialpage&gt; MediaWiki:Accesskey-specialpages 622 sysop 39 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default q 4194 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default q MediaWiki:Accesskey-talk 623 sysop 40 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default t 4195 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default t MediaWiki:Accesskey-undelete 624 sysop 41 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default d 4196 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default d MediaWiki:Accesskey-unwatch 625 sysop 42 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default w 4197 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default w MediaWiki:Accesskey-upload 626 sysop 43 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default u 4198 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default u MediaWiki:Accesskey-userpage 627 sysop 44 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default . 4199 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default . MediaWiki:Accesskey-viewsource 628 sysop 45 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default e 4200 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default e MediaWiki:Accesskey-watch 629 sysop 46 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default w 4201 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default w MediaWiki:Accesskey-watchlist 630 sysop 47 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default l 4202 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default l MediaWiki:Accesskey-whatlinkshere 631 sysop 48 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default b 4203 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default b MediaWiki:Addsection 632 sysop 54 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default + 781 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default + 1481 2004-06-29T12:22:00Z MediaWiki default + 2728 2004-12-23T04:20:16Z MediaWiki default + 4204 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default + MediaWiki:And 633 sysop 65 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default and 792 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default and 1492 2004-06-29T12:22:01Z MediaWiki default and 2746 2004-12-23T04:20:17Z MediaWiki default and 4205 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default and 6340 2005-09-27T16:36:58Z Bombo 12 mpé MediaWiki:Anontalk 634 sysop 66 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Talk for this IP 793 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Talk for this IP 1493 2004-06-29T12:22:01Z MediaWiki default Talk for this IP 2747 2004-12-23T04:20:17Z MediaWiki default Talk for this IP 4206 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Talk for this IP MediaWiki:Anonymous 635 sysop 68 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Anonymous user(s) of MediaWiki 795 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Anonymous user(s) of Wikipedia 1495 2004-06-29T12:22:01Z MediaWiki default Anonymous user(s) of Wikipedia 2749 2004-12-23T04:20:17Z MediaWiki default Anonymous user(s) of Wikipedia 4207 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Anonymous user(s) of Wikipedia 5767 2005-07-29T10:52:01Z MediaWiki default Anonymous user(s) of {{SITENAME}} MediaWiki:Article 636 sysop 69 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Article 796 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Content page 1496 2004-06-29T12:22:01Z MediaWiki default Content page 2528 2004-12-23T04:20:18Z MediaWiki default Content page 4208 2005-04-02T16:11:59Z Bombo 12 ekakoli / article 6226 2005-09-15T12:13:38Z Bombo 12 ekakoli MediaWiki:Compareselectedversions 637 sysop 122 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Compare selected versions 849 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Compare selected versions 1550 2004-06-29T12:22:12Z MediaWiki default Compare selected versions 2809 2004-12-23T04:20:26Z MediaWiki default Compare selected versions 4209 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Compare selected versions MediaWiki:Confirmprotect 638 sysop 127 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Confirm protection 854 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Confirm protection 1555 2004-06-29T12:22:13Z MediaWiki default Confirm protection 2814 2004-12-23T04:20:27Z MediaWiki default Confirm protection 4210 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Confirm protection MediaWiki:Confirmprotecttext 639 sysop 128 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Do you really want to protect this page? 855 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Do you really want to protect this page? 1556 2004-06-29T12:22:13Z MediaWiki default Do you really want to protect this page? 2815 2004-12-23T04:20:27Z MediaWiki default Do you really want to protect this page? 4211 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Do you really want to protect this page? MediaWiki:Confirmunprotect 640 sysop 129 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Confirm unprotection 856 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Confirm unprotection 1557 2004-06-29T12:22:13Z MediaWiki default Confirm unprotection 2816 2004-12-23T04:20:27Z MediaWiki default Confirm unprotection 4212 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Confirm unprotection MediaWiki:Confirmunprotecttext 641 sysop 130 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Do you really want to unprotect this page? 857 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Do you really want to unprotect this page? 1558 2004-06-29T12:22:13Z MediaWiki default Do you really want to unprotect this page? 2817 2004-12-23T04:20:27Z MediaWiki default Do you really want to unprotect this page? 4213 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Do you really want to unprotect this page? MediaWiki:Copyright 642 sysop 136 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Content is available under $1. 863 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Content is available under $1. 1564 2004-06-29T12:22:14Z MediaWiki default Content is available under $1. 2823 2004-12-23T04:20:27Z MediaWiki default Content is available under $1. 4214 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Content is available under $1. MediaWiki:Delete 643 sysop 154 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Delete 881 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Delete 1583 2004-06-29T12:22:17Z MediaWiki default Delete 2847 2004-12-23T04:20:30Z MediaWiki default Delete 4215 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Delete MediaWiki:Edit 644 sysop 177 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Edit 904 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Edit 1605 2004-06-29T12:22:29Z MediaWiki default Edit 2480 2004-12-23T04:20:39Z MediaWiki default Edit 2481 2005-03-31T10:45:29Z Bombo 12 Kobóngola / éditer 2486 2005-03-31T10:46:15Z Bombo 12 kobóngola / éditer 4216 2005-03-31T11:02:31Z Bombo 12 kobalusa / éditer 6229 2005-09-15T12:14:14Z Bombo 12 kobalusa MediaWiki:Feedlinks 645 sysop 213 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Feed: 940 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Feed: 1641 2004-06-29T12:22:37Z MediaWiki default Feed: 2912 2004-12-23T04:20:44Z MediaWiki default Feed: 4217 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Feed: MediaWiki:History short 646 sysop 238 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default History 965 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default History 1667 2004-06-29T12:22:40Z MediaWiki default History 2487 2004-12-23T04:20:50Z MediaWiki default History 4218 2005-03-31T11:03:23Z Bombo 12 likambo / histoire 6231 2005-09-15T12:17:27Z Bombo 12 likambo MediaWiki:Import 647 sysop 256 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Import pages 983 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Import pages 1685 2004-06-29T12:22:42Z MediaWiki default Import pages 2958 2004-12-23T04:20:55Z MediaWiki default Import pages 4219 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Import pages 8059 2006-04-25T09:34:32Z Bombo 12 koútisa... koútisa... MediaWiki:Importfailed 648 sysop 257 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Import failed: $1 984 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Import failed: $1 1686 2004-06-29T12:22:42Z MediaWiki default Import failed: $1 2959 2004-12-23T04:20:56Z MediaWiki default Import failed: $1 4220 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Import failed: $1 MediaWiki:Importhistoryconflict 649 sysop 258 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Conflicting history revision exists (may have imported this page before) 985 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Conflicting history revision exists (may have imported this page before) 1687 2004-06-29T12:22:42Z MediaWiki default Conflicting history revision exists (may have imported this page before) 2960 2004-12-23T04:20:56Z MediaWiki default Conflicting history revision exists (may have imported this page before) 4221 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Conflicting history revision exists (may have imported this page before) MediaWiki:Importnotext 650 sysop 259 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Empty or no text 986 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Empty or no text 1688 2004-06-29T12:22:43Z MediaWiki default Empty or no text 2961 2004-12-23T04:20:57Z MediaWiki default Empty or no text 4222 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Empty or no text MediaWiki:Importsuccess 651 sysop 260 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Import succeeded! 987 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Import succeeded! 1689 2004-06-29T12:22:43Z MediaWiki default Import succeeded! 2962 2004-12-23T04:20:57Z MediaWiki default Import succeeded! 4223 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Import succeeded! MediaWiki:Importtext 652 sysop 261 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Please export the file from the source wiki using the Special:Export utility, save it to your disk and upload it here. 988 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Please export the file from the source wiki using the Special:Export utility, save it to your disk and upload it here. 1690 2004-06-29T12:22:43Z MediaWiki default Please export the file from the source wiki using the Special:Export utility, save it to your disk and upload it here. 2963 2004-12-23T04:20:57Z MediaWiki default Please export the file from the source wiki using the Special:Export utility, save it to your disk and upload it here. 4224 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Please export the file from the source wiki using the Special:Export utility, save it to your disk and upload it here. MediaWiki:Infobox alert 653 sysop 263 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Please enter the text you want to be formatted.\n It will be shown in the infobox for copy and pasting.\nExample:\n$1\nwill become:\n$2 990 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Please enter the text you want to be formatted.\n It will be shown in the infobox for copy and pasting.\nExample:\n$1\nwill become:\n$2 1692 2004-06-29T12:22:43Z MediaWiki default Please enter the text you want to be formatted.\n It will be shown in the infobox for copy and pasting.\nExample:\n$1\nwill become:\n$2 2966 2004-12-23T04:20:57Z MediaWiki default Please enter the text you want to be formatted.\n It will be shown in the infobox for copy and pasting.\nExample:\n$1\nwill become:\n$2 4225 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Please enter the text you want to be formatted.\n It will be shown in the infobox for copy and pasting.\nExample:\n$1\nwill become:\n$2 MediaWiki:Isbn 654 sysop 275 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default ISBN 1002 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default ISBN 1704 2004-06-29T12:22:45Z MediaWiki default ISBN 2979 2004-12-23T04:21:00Z MediaWiki default ISBN 4226 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default ISBN MediaWiki:Lastmodifiedby 655 sysop 283 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default This page was last modified $1 by $2. 1010 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default This page was last modified $1 by $2. 1712 2004-06-29T12:22:46Z MediaWiki default This page was last modified $1 by $2. 2987 2004-12-23T04:21:03Z MediaWiki default This page was last modified $1 by $2. 4227 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default This page was last modified $1 by $2. MediaWiki:Loginreqtext 656 sysop 309 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default You must [[special:Userlogin|login]] to view other pages. 1036 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default You must [[special:Userlogin|login]] to view other pages. 1739 2004-06-29T12:22:49Z MediaWiki default You must [[special:Userlogin|login]] to view other pages. 3015 2004-12-23T04:21:10Z MediaWiki default You must [[special:Userlogin|login]] to view other pages. 4228 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default You must [[special:Userlogin|login]] to view other pages. MediaWiki:Loginreqtitle 657 sysop 310 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Login Required 1037 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Login Required 1740 2004-06-29T12:22:49Z MediaWiki default Login Required 3016 2004-12-23T04:21:11Z MediaWiki default Login Required 4229 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Login Required MediaWiki:Mailerror 658 sysop 319 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Error sending mail: $1 1046 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Error sending mail: $1 1749 2004-06-29T12:22:50Z MediaWiki default Error sending mail: $1 3024 2004-12-23T04:21:12Z MediaWiki default Error sending mail: $1 4230 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Error sending mail: $1 MediaWiki:Mainpagedocfooter 659 sysop 324 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Please see [http://meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_i18n documentation on customizing the interface] and the [http://meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_User%27s_Guide User's Guide] for usage and configuration help. 1051 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Please see [http://meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_i18n documentation on customizing the interface] and the [http://meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_User%27s_Guide User's Guide] for usage and configuration help. 1754 2004-06-29T12:22:51Z MediaWiki default Please see [http://meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_i18n documentation on customizing the interface] and the [http://meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_User%27s_Guide User's Guide] for usage and configuration help. 3028 2004-12-23T04:21:12Z MediaWiki default Please see [http://meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_i18n documentation on customizing the interface] and the [http://meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_User%27s_Guide User's Guide] for usage and configuration help. 4231 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Please see [http://meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_i18n documentation on customizing the interface] and the [http://meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_User%27s_Guide User's Guide] for usage and configuration help. 6123 2005-09-05T09:37:06Z MediaWiki default Please see [http://meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_i18n documentation on customizing the interface] and the [http://meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_User%27s_Guide User's Guide] for usage and configuration help. 7752 2006-02-26T01:55:30Z MediaWiki default Consult the [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Configuration_settings configuration settings list] and the [http://meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_User%27s_Guide User's Guide] for information on customising and using the wiki software. 7890 2006-03-28T06:12:39Z MediaWiki default Consult the [http://meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_User%27s_Guide User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. == Getting started == * [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Configuration_settings Configuration settings list] * [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * [http://mail.wikipedia.org/mailman/listinfo/mediawiki-announce MediaWiki release mailing list] 8592 2006-07-01T18:57:58Z MediaWiki default Consult the [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. == Getting started == * [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Configuration_settings Configuration settings list] * [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * [http://mail.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/mediawiki-announce MediaWiki release mailing list] MediaWiki:Makesysop 660 sysop 329 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Make a user into a sysop 1056 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Make a user into a sysop 1759 2004-06-29T12:22:52Z MediaWiki default Make a user into a sysop 3033 2004-12-23T04:21:14Z MediaWiki default Make a user into a sysop 4232 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Make a user into a sysop MediaWiki:Math bad output 661 sysop 338 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Can't write to or create math output directory 1065 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Can't write to or create math output directory 1768 2004-06-29T12:22:54Z MediaWiki default Can't write to or create math output directory 3048 2004-12-23T04:21:16Z MediaWiki default Can't write to or create math output directory 4233 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Can't write to or create math output directory MediaWiki:Math bad tmpdir 662 sysop 339 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Can't write to or create math temp directory 1066 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Can't write to or create math temp directory 1769 2004-06-29T12:22:54Z MediaWiki default Can't write to or create math temp directory 3049 2004-12-23T04:21:16Z MediaWiki default Can't write to or create math temp directory 4234 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Can't write to or create math temp directory MediaWiki:Math notexvc 663 sysop 343 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure. 1070 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure. 1773 2004-06-29T12:22:59Z MediaWiki default Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure. 3053 2004-12-23T04:21:18Z MediaWiki default Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure. 4235 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure. MediaWiki:Missingimage 664 sysop 358 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default <b>Missing image</b><br /><i>$1</i> 1085 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default <b>Missing image</b><br /><i>$1</i> 1788 2004-06-29T12:23:07Z MediaWiki default <b>Missing image</b><br /><i>$1</i> 3068 2004-12-23T04:21:20Z MediaWiki default <b>Missing image</b><br /><i>$1</i> 4236 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default <b>Missing image</b><br /><i>$1</i> 7421 2005-12-22T07:25:04Z MediaWiki default <b>Missing image</b><br /><i>$1</i> MediaWiki:Move 665 sysop 363 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Move 1090 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Move 1793 2004-06-29T12:23:08Z MediaWiki default Move 3073 2004-12-23T04:21:21Z MediaWiki default Move 4237 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Move MediaWiki:Navigation 666 sysop 377 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Navigation 1104 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Navigation 1807 2004-06-29T12:23:10Z MediaWiki default Navigation 2516 2004-12-23T04:21:22Z MediaWiki default Navigation 4238 2005-04-02T15:18:28Z Bombo 12 Botamboli / Navigation 6248 2005-09-15T13:13:34Z Bombo 12 lingala Botamboli MediaWiki:Nocreativecommons 667 sysop 400 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Creative Commons RDF metadata disabled for this server. 1127 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Creative Commons RDF metadata disabled for this server. 1831 2004-06-29T12:23:15Z MediaWiki default Creative Commons RDF metadata disabled for this server. 3121 2004-12-23T04:21:24Z MediaWiki default Creative Commons RDF metadata disabled for this server. 4239 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Creative Commons RDF metadata disabled for this server. MediaWiki:Nodublincore 668 sysop 402 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Dublin Core RDF metadata disabled for this server. 1129 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Dublin Core RDF metadata disabled for this server. 1834 2004-06-29T12:23:15Z MediaWiki default Dublin Core RDF metadata disabled for this server. 3124 2004-12-23T04:21:25Z MediaWiki default Dublin Core RDF metadata disabled for this server. 4240 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Dublin Core RDF metadata disabled for this server. MediaWiki:Notacceptable 669 sysop 417 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default The wiki server can't provide data in a format your client can read. 1144 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default The wiki server can't provide data in a format your client can read. 1849 2004-06-29T12:23:17Z MediaWiki default The wiki server can't provide data in a format your client can read. 3142 2004-12-23T04:21:26Z MediaWiki default The wiki server can't provide data in a format your client can read. 4241 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default The wiki server can't provide data in a format your client can read. MediaWiki:Nstab-category 670 sysop 428 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Category 1155 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Category 1860 2004-06-29T12:23:18Z MediaWiki default Category 3154 2004-12-23T04:21:27Z MediaWiki default Category 4242 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Category 6351 2005-09-27T16:53:01Z Bombo 12 molɔngɔ MediaWiki:Nstab-help 671 sysop 429 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Help 1156 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Help 1861 2004-06-29T12:23:18Z MediaWiki default Help 3155 2004-12-23T04:21:27Z MediaWiki default Help 4243 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Help 6488 2005-10-14T10:14:56Z Bombo 12 Bosálisi MediaWiki:Nstab-image 672 sysop 430 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Image 1157 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Image 1862 2004-06-29T12:23:18Z MediaWiki default Image 2549 2004-12-23T04:21:27Z MediaWiki default Image 4244 2005-04-02T16:40:17Z Bombo 12 elilingi MediaWiki:Nstab-main 673 sysop 431 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Article 1158 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Article 1863 2004-06-29T12:23:19Z MediaWiki default Article 2550 2004-12-23T04:21:27Z MediaWiki default Article 4245 2005-04-02T16:41:17Z Bombo 12 ekakoli / article 6233 2005-09-15T12:18:32Z Bombo 12 ekakoli MediaWiki:Nstab-media 674 sysop 432 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Media 1159 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Media 1864 2004-06-29T12:23:19Z MediaWiki default Media 3156 2004-12-23T04:21:27Z MediaWiki default Media 4246 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Media 5797 2005-07-29T10:52:03Z MediaWiki default Media page MediaWiki:Nstab-mediawiki 675 sysop 433 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Message 1160 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Message 1865 2004-06-29T12:23:19Z MediaWiki default Message 3157 2004-12-23T04:21:27Z MediaWiki default Message 4247 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Message MediaWiki:Nstab-special 676 sysop 434 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Special 1161 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Special 1866 2004-06-29T12:23:19Z MediaWiki default Special 3158 2004-12-23T04:21:27Z MediaWiki default Special 4248 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Special MediaWiki:Nstab-template 677 sysop 435 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Template 1162 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Template 1867 2004-06-29T12:23:19Z MediaWiki default Template 3159 2004-12-23T04:21:27Z MediaWiki default Template 4249 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Template MediaWiki:Nstab-user 678 sysop 436 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default User page 1163 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default User page 1868 2004-06-29T12:23:19Z MediaWiki default User page 3160 2004-12-23T04:21:27Z MediaWiki default User page 4250 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default User page MediaWiki:Nstab-wp 679 sysop 437 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default About 1164 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default About 1869 2004-06-29T12:23:19Z MediaWiki default About 3161 2004-12-23T04:21:27Z MediaWiki default About 4251 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default About 5798 2005-07-29T10:52:03Z MediaWiki default Project page MediaWiki:Othercontribs 680 sysop 443 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Based on work by $1. 1170 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Based on work by $1. 1875 2004-06-29T12:23:20Z MediaWiki default Based on work by $1. 3172 2004-12-23T04:21:28Z MediaWiki default Based on work by $1. 4252 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Based on work by $1. MediaWiki:Pagetitle 681 sysop 447 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default $1 - MediaWiki 1174 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default $1 - Wikipedia 1880 2004-06-29T12:23:21Z MediaWiki default $1 - Wikipedia 3177 2004-12-23T04:21:30Z MediaWiki default $1 - {{SITENAME}} 4253 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default $1 - {{SITENAME}} MediaWiki:Perfcached 682 sysop 451 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default The following data is cached and may not be completely up to date: 1178 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default The following data is cached and may not be completely up to date: 1884 2004-06-29T12:23:21Z MediaWiki default The following data is cached and may not be completely up to date: 3181 2004-12-23T04:21:30Z MediaWiki default The following data is cached and may not be completely up to date: 4254 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default The following data is cached and may not be completely up to date: 8610 2006-07-01T18:57:58Z MediaWiki default The following data is cached and may not be up to date. MediaWiki:Personaltools 683 sysop 454 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Personal tools 1181 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Personal tools 1887 2004-06-29T12:23:21Z MediaWiki default Personal tools 3184 2004-12-23T04:21:30Z MediaWiki default Personal tools 4255 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Personal tools MediaWiki:Portal 684 sysop 456 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Community portal 1183 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Community portal 1889 2004-06-29T12:23:22Z MediaWiki default Community portal 3186 2004-12-23T04:21:30Z MediaWiki default Community portal 4256 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Community portal 7246 2005-12-06T14:26:07Z Bombo 12 Bísó na bísó Bísó na bísó MediaWiki:Portal-url 685 sysop 457 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia:Community Portal 1184 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia:Community Portal 1890 2004-06-29T12:23:22Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia:Community Portal 3187 2004-12-23T04:21:30Z MediaWiki default Project:Community Portal 4257 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Project:Community Portal 7247 2005-12-06T14:26:53Z Bombo 12 Project:Bísó na bísó MediaWiki:Poweredby 686 sysop 459 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default MediaWiki is powered by [http://www.mediawiki.org/ MediaWiki], an open source wiki engine. 1186 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia is powered by [http://www.mediawiki.org/ MediaWiki], an open source wiki engine. 1892 2004-06-29T12:23:22Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia is powered by [http://www.mediawiki.org/ MediaWiki], an open source wiki engine. 3189 2004-12-23T04:21:31Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} is powered by [http://www.mediawiki.org/ MediaWiki], an open source wiki engine. 4258 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} is powered by [http://www.mediawiki.org/ MediaWiki], an open source wiki engine. MediaWiki:Prefs-help-userdata 687 sysop 463 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default * <strong>Real name</strong> (optional): if you choose to provide it this will be used for giving you attribution for your work.<br/> * <strong>Email</strong> (optional): Enables people to contact you through the website without you having to reveal your email address to them, and it can be used to send you a new password if you forget it. 1190 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default * <strong>Real name</strong> (optional): if you choose to provide it this will be used for giving you attribution for your work.<br/> * <strong>Email</strong> (optional): Enables people to contact you through the website without you having to reveal your email address to them, and it can be used to send you a new password if you forget it. 1896 2004-06-29T12:23:23Z MediaWiki default * <strong>Real name</strong> (optional): if you choose to provide it this will be used for giving you attribution for your work.<br/> * <strong>Email</strong> (optional): Enables people to contact you through the website without you having to reveal your email address to them, and it can be used to send you a new password if you forget it. 3193 2004-12-23T04:21:31Z MediaWiki default * <strong>Real name</strong> (optional): if you choose to provide it this will be used for giving you attribution for your work.<br /> * <strong>Email</strong> (optional): Enables people to contact you through the website without you having to reveal your email address to them, and it can be used to send you a new password if you forget it. 4259 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default * <strong>Real name</strong> (optional): if you choose to provide it this will be used for giving you attribution for your work.<br /> * <strong>Email</strong> (optional): Enables people to contact you through the website without you having to reveal your email address to them, and it can be used to send you a new password if you forget it. MediaWiki:Prefs-misc 688 sysop 464 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Misc settings 1191 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Misc settings 1897 2004-06-29T12:23:23Z MediaWiki default Misc settings 3194 2004-12-23T04:21:31Z MediaWiki default Misc settings 4260 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Misc settings 5088 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default Misc MediaWiki:Prefs-personal 689 sysop 465 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default User data 1192 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default User data 1898 2004-06-29T12:23:24Z MediaWiki default User data 3195 2004-12-23T04:21:31Z MediaWiki default User data 4261 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default User data 6843 2005-11-09T22:45:16Z MediaWiki default User profile MediaWiki:Prefs-rc 690 sysop 466 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Recent changes and stub display 1193 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Recent changes and stub display 1899 2004-06-29T12:23:24Z MediaWiki default Recent changes and stub display 3196 2004-12-23T04:21:32Z MediaWiki default Recent changes and stub display 4262 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Recent changes and stub display 5089 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default Recent changes & stubs 6844 2005-11-09T22:45:16Z MediaWiki default Recent changes MediaWiki:Protect 691 sysop 477 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Protect 1204 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Protect 1910 2004-06-29T12:23:26Z MediaWiki default Protect 3209 2004-12-23T04:21:32Z MediaWiki default Protect 4263 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Protect MediaWiki:Protectcomment 692 sysop 478 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Reason for protecting 1205 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Reason for protecting 1911 2004-06-29T12:23:26Z MediaWiki default Reason for protecting 3210 2004-12-23T04:21:33Z MediaWiki default Reason for protecting 4264 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Reason for protecting MediaWiki:Protectreason 693 sysop 486 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default (give a reason) 1213 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default (give a reason) 1919 2004-06-29T12:23:27Z MediaWiki default (give a reason) 3219 2004-12-23T04:21:35Z MediaWiki default (give a reason) 4265 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default (give a reason) MediaWiki:Protectsub 694 sysop 487 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default (Protecting "$1") 1214 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default (Protecting "$1") 1920 2004-06-29T12:23:27Z MediaWiki default (Protecting "$1") 3220 2004-12-23T04:21:35Z MediaWiki default (Protecting "$1") 4266 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default (Protecting "$1") MediaWiki:Proxyblocker 695 sysop 489 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Proxy blocker 1216 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Proxy blocker 1922 2004-06-29T12:23:28Z MediaWiki default Proxy blocker 3222 2004-12-23T04:21:35Z MediaWiki default Proxy blocker 4267 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Proxy blocker MediaWiki:Proxyblockreason 696 sysop 490 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Your IP address has been blocked because it is an open proxy. Please contact your Internet service provider or tech support and inform them of this serious security problem. 1217 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Your IP address has been blocked because it is an open proxy. Please contact your Internet service provider or tech support and inform them of this serious security problem. 1923 2004-06-29T12:23:28Z MediaWiki default Your IP address has been blocked because it is an open proxy. Please contact your Internet service provider or tech support and inform them of this serious security problem. 3223 2004-12-23T04:21:35Z MediaWiki default Your IP address has been blocked because it is an open proxy. Please contact your Internet service provider or tech support and inform them of this serious security problem. 4268 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Your IP address has been blocked because it is an open proxy. Please contact your Internet service provider or tech support and inform them of this serious security problem. MediaWiki:Proxyblocksuccess 697 sysop 491 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Done. 1218 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Done. 1924 2004-06-29T12:23:28Z MediaWiki default Done. 3224 2004-12-23T04:21:35Z MediaWiki default Done. 4269 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Done. 7431 2005-12-22T07:25:04Z MediaWiki default Done. MediaWiki:Rfcurl 698 sysop 540 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc$1.html 1267 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc$1.html 1974 2004-06-29T12:23:47Z MediaWiki default http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc$1.html 3279 2004-12-23T04:21:49Z MediaWiki default http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc$1.html 4270 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc$1.html 5806 2005-07-29T10:52:04Z MediaWiki default http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc$1.txt MediaWiki:Rights 699 sysop 541 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Rights: 1268 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Rights: 1975 2004-06-29T12:23:47Z MediaWiki default Rights: 3280 2004-12-23T04:21:49Z MediaWiki default Rights: 4271 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Rights: MediaWiki:Rollback short 700 sysop 543 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Rollback 1270 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Rollback 1977 2004-06-29T12:23:48Z MediaWiki default Rollback 3282 2004-12-23T04:21:51Z MediaWiki default Rollback 4272 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Rollback MediaWiki:Selectnewerversionfordiff 701 sysop 560 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Select a newer version for comparison 1287 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Select a newer version for comparison 1991 2004-06-29T12:23:53Z MediaWiki default Select a newer version for comparison 3296 2004-12-23T04:21:53Z MediaWiki default Select a newer version for comparison 4273 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Select a newer version for comparison MediaWiki:Selectolderversionfordiff 702 sysop 561 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Select an older version for comparison 1288 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Select an older version for comparison 1992 2004-06-29T12:23:53Z MediaWiki default Select an older version for comparison 3297 2004-12-23T04:21:53Z MediaWiki default Select an older version for comparison 4274 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Select an older version for comparison MediaWiki:Seriousxhtmlerrors 703 sysop 565 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default There were serious xhtml markup errors detected by tidy. 1292 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default There were serious xhtml markup errors detected by tidy. 1996 2004-06-29T12:23:54Z MediaWiki default There were serious xhtml markup errors detected by tidy. 3302 2004-12-23T04:21:54Z MediaWiki default There were serious xhtml markup errors detected by tidy. 4275 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default There were serious xhtml markup errors detected by tidy. MediaWiki:Set rights fail 704 sysop 567 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default <b>User rights for "$1" could not be set. (Did you enter the name correctly?)</b> 1294 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default <b>User rights for "$1" could not be set. (Did you enter the name correctly?)</b> 1998 2004-06-29T12:23:54Z MediaWiki default <b>User rights for "$1" could not be set. (Did you enter the name correctly?)</b> 3304 2004-12-23T04:21:56Z MediaWiki default <b>User rights for "$1" could not be set. (Did you enter the name correctly?)</b> 4276 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default <b>User rights for "$1" could not be set. (Did you enter the name correctly?)</b> MediaWiki:Set user rights 705 sysop 568 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Set user rights 1295 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Set user rights 1999 2004-06-29T12:23:55Z MediaWiki default Set user rights 3305 2004-12-23T04:21:56Z MediaWiki default Set user rights 4277 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Set user rights MediaWiki:Siteuser 706 sysop 584 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default MediaWiki user $1 1311 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia user $1 2015 2004-06-29T12:23:56Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia user $1 3359 2004-12-23T04:21:59Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia user $1 4278 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia user $1 5811 2005-07-29T10:52:04Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} user $1 MediaWiki:Siteusers 707 sysop 585 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default MediaWiki user(s) $1 1312 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia user(s) $1 2016 2004-06-29T12:23:57Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia user(s) $1 3360 2004-12-23T04:21:59Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia user(s) $1 4279 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia user(s) $1 5812 2005-07-29T10:52:04Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} user(s) $1 MediaWiki:Specialpage 708 sysop 587 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Special Page 1314 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Special Page 2020 2004-06-29T12:23:57Z MediaWiki default Special Page 3367 2004-12-23T04:22:00Z MediaWiki default Special Page 4280 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Special Page MediaWiki:Talk 709 sysop 604 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Discussion 1331 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Discussion 2037 2004-06-29T12:23:59Z MediaWiki default Discussion 2436 2004-12-23T04:22:01Z MediaWiki default Discussion 2437 2005-03-17T21:22:29Z Bombo 12 Ntembe /*Discuter*/ 4281 2005-03-17T21:26:50Z Bombo 12 Ntembe / Discuter 6237 2005-09-15T12:21:18Z Bombo 12 Ntembe MediaWiki:Talkpagetext 710 sysop 609 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default <!-- MediaWiki:talkpagetext --> 1336 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default <!-- MediaWiki:talkpagetext --> 2042 2004-06-29T12:23:59Z MediaWiki default <!-- MediaWiki:talkpagetext --> 3390 2004-12-23T04:22:01Z MediaWiki default <!-- MediaWiki:talkpagetext --> 4282 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default <!-- MediaWiki:talkpagetext --> MediaWiki:Toolbox 711 sysop 618 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Toolbox 1345 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Toolbox 2052 2004-06-29T12:24:00Z MediaWiki default Toolbox 2517 2004-12-23T04:22:01Z MediaWiki default Toolbox 4283 2005-04-02T15:22:33Z Bombo 12 Bisaleli / boîte à outils 6249 2005-09-15T13:14:13Z Bombo 12 Bisaleli 6420 2005-10-09T16:09:10Z Moyogo 11 Bisáleli MediaWiki:Tooltip-addsection 712 sysop 619 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Add a comment to this page. [alt-+] 4284 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Add a comment to this page. [alt-+] MediaWiki:Tooltip-anontalk 713 sysop 620 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Discussion about edits from this ip address [alt-n] 4285 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Discussion about edits from this ip address [alt-n] MediaWiki:Tooltip-anonuserpage 714 sysop 621 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default The user page for the ip you're editing as [alt-.] 4286 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default The user page for the ip you're editing as [alt-.] MediaWiki:Tooltip-article 715 sysop 622 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default View the article [alt-a] 4287 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default View the content page [alt-a] MediaWiki:Tooltip-atom 716 sysop 623 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Atom feed for this page 4288 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Atom feed for this page MediaWiki:Tooltip-compareselectedversions 717 sysop 624 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default See the differences between the two selected versions of this page. [alt-v] 1346 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default See the differences between the two selected versions of this page. [alt-v] 2053 2004-06-29T12:24:00Z MediaWiki default See the differences between the two selected versions of this page. [alt-v] 3420 2004-12-23T04:22:01Z MediaWiki default See the differences between the two selected versions of this page. [alt-v] 4289 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default See the differences between the two selected versions of this page. [alt-v] MediaWiki:Tooltip-contributions 718 sysop 625 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default View the list of contributions of this user 4290 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default View the list of contributions of this user MediaWiki:Tooltip-currentevents 719 sysop 626 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Find background information on current events 4291 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Find background information on current events MediaWiki:Tooltip-delete 720 sysop 627 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Delete this page [alt-d] 4292 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Delete this page [alt-d] MediaWiki:Tooltip-edit 721 sysop 628 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default You can edit this page. Please use the preview button before saving. [alt-e] 4293 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default You can edit this page. Please use the preview button before saving. [alt-e] MediaWiki:Tooltip-emailuser 722 sysop 629 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Send a mail to this user 4294 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Send a mail to this user MediaWiki:Tooltip-help 723 sysop 630 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default The place to find out. 4295 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default The place to find out. MediaWiki:Tooltip-history 724 sysop 631 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Past versions of this page, [alt-h] 4296 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Past versions of this page, [alt-h] MediaWiki:Tooltip-login 725 sysop 632 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however. [alt-o] 4297 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however. [alt-o] MediaWiki:Tooltip-logout 726 sysop 633 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Log out [alt-o] 4298 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Log out [alt-o] MediaWiki:Tooltip-mainpage 727 sysop 634 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Visit the Main Page [alt-z] 4299 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Visit the Main Page [alt-z] MediaWiki:Tooltip-minoredit 728 sysop 635 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Mark this as a minor edit [alt-i] 1347 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Mark this as a minor edit [alt-i] 2054 2004-06-29T12:24:00Z MediaWiki default Mark this as a minor edit [alt-i] 3421 2004-12-23T04:22:02Z MediaWiki default Mark this as a minor edit [alt-i] 4300 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Mark this as a minor edit [alt-i] MediaWiki:Tooltip-move 729 sysop 636 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Move this page [alt-m] 4301 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Move this page [alt-m] MediaWiki:Tooltip-mycontris 730 sysop 637 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default List of my contributions [alt-y] 4302 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default List of my contributions [alt-y] MediaWiki:Tooltip-mytalk 731 sysop 638 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default My talk page [alt-n] 4303 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default My talk page [alt-n] MediaWiki:Tooltip-nomove 732 sysop 639 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default You don't have the permissions to move this page 4304 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default You don't have the permissions to move this page MediaWiki:Tooltip-portal 733 sysop 640 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default About the project, what you can do, where to find things 4305 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default About the project, what you can do, where to find things MediaWiki:Tooltip-preferences 734 sysop 641 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default My preferences 4306 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default My preferences MediaWiki:Tooltip-preview 735 sysop 642 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Preview your changes, please use this before saving! [alt-p] 1348 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Preview your changes, please use this before saving! [alt-p] 2055 2004-06-29T12:24:00Z MediaWiki default Preview your changes, please use this before saving! [alt-p] 3422 2004-12-23T04:22:02Z MediaWiki default Preview your changes, please use this before saving! [alt-p] 4307 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Preview your changes, please use this before saving! [alt-p] MediaWiki:Tooltip-protect 736 sysop 643 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Protect this page [alt-=] 4308 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Protect this page [alt-=] MediaWiki:Tooltip-randompage 737 sysop 644 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Load a random page [alt-x] 4309 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Load a random page [alt-x] MediaWiki:Tooltip-recentchanges 738 sysop 645 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default The list of recent changes in the wiki. [alt-r] 4310 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default The list of recent changes in the wiki. [alt-r] MediaWiki:Tooltip-recentchangeslinked 739 sysop 646 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Recent changes in pages linking to this page [alt-c] 4311 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Recent changes in pages linking to this page [alt-c] MediaWiki:Tooltip-rss 740 sysop 647 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default RSS feed for this page 4312 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default RSS feed for this page MediaWiki:Tooltip-save 741 sysop 648 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Save you changes [alt-s] 1349 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Save you changes [alt-s] 2056 2004-06-29T12:24:00Z MediaWiki default Save your changes [alt-s] 3423 2004-12-23T04:22:02Z MediaWiki default Save your changes [alt-s] 4313 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Save your changes [alt-s] MediaWiki:Tooltip-search 742 sysop 649 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Search this wiki [alt-f] 1350 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Search this wiki [alt-f] 2057 2004-06-29T12:24:00Z MediaWiki default Search this wiki [alt-f] 3424 2004-12-23T04:22:02Z MediaWiki default Search this wiki [alt-f] 4314 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Search this wiki [alt-f] 5817 2005-07-29T10:52:04Z MediaWiki default Search {{SITENAME}} [alt-f] 6504 2005-10-14T11:07:59Z Bombo 12 Boluki {{SITENAME}} [alt-f] MediaWiki:Tooltip-sitesupport 743 sysop 650 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Support MediaWiki 4315 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Support Wikipedia MediaWiki:Tooltip-specialpage 744 sysop 651 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default This is a special page, you can't edit the page itself. 4316 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default This is a special page, you can't edit the page itself. MediaWiki:Tooltip-specialpages 745 sysop 652 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default List of all special pages [alt-q] 4317 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default List of all special pages [alt-q] MediaWiki:Tooltip-talk 746 sysop 653 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Discussion about the article [alt-t] 4318 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Discussion about the content page [alt-t] MediaWiki:Tooltip-undelete 747 sysop 654 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Restore $1 deleted edits to this page [alt-d] 4319 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Restore $1 deleted edits to this page [alt-d] MediaWiki:Tooltip-unwatch 748 sysop 655 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Remove this page from your watchlist [alt-w] 4320 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Remove this page from your watchlist [alt-w] MediaWiki:Tooltip-upload 749 sysop 656 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Upload images or media files [alt-u] 4321 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Upload images or media files [alt-u] MediaWiki:Tooltip-userpage 750 sysop 657 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default My user page [alt-.] 4322 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default My user page [alt-.] MediaWiki:Tooltip-viewsource 751 sysop 658 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default This page is protected. You can view it's source. [alt-e] 4323 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default This page is protected. You can view it's source. [alt-e] MediaWiki:Tooltip-watch 752 sysop 659 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Add this page to your watchlist [alt-w] 3425 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Add this page to your watchlist [alt-w] 4324 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Add this page to your watchlist [alt-w] MediaWiki:Tooltip-watchlist 753 sysop 660 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default The list of pages you're monitoring for changes. [alt-l] 4325 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default The list of pages you're monitoring for changes. [alt-l] MediaWiki:Tooltip-whatlinkshere 754 sysop 661 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default List of all wiki pages that link here [alt-b] 4326 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default List of all wiki pages that link here [alt-b] MediaWiki:Undelete short 755 sysop 670 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Undelete 1359 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Undelete 2066 2004-06-29T12:24:01Z MediaWiki default Undelete $1 edits 3436 2004-12-23T04:22:02Z MediaWiki default Undelete $1 edits 4327 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Undelete $1 edits 8656 2006-07-01T18:57:59Z MediaWiki default Undelete {{PLURAL:$1|one edit|$1 edits}} MediaWiki:Unprotect 756 sysop 687 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Unprotect 1376 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Unprotect 2083 2004-06-29T12:24:15Z MediaWiki default Unprotect 3454 2004-12-23T04:22:04Z MediaWiki default Unprotect 4328 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Unprotect 5828 2005-07-29T10:52:05Z MediaWiki default unprotect MediaWiki:Unprotectcomment 757 sysop 688 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Reason for unprotecting 1377 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Reason for unprotecting 2084 2004-06-29T12:24:15Z MediaWiki default Reason for unprotecting 3455 2004-12-23T04:22:04Z MediaWiki default Reason for unprotecting 4329 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Reason for unprotecting MediaWiki:Unprotectsub 758 sysop 690 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default (Unprotecting "$1") 1379 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default (Unprotecting "$1") 2086 2004-06-29T12:24:15Z MediaWiki default (Unprotecting "$1") 3457 2004-12-23T04:22:04Z MediaWiki default (Unprotecting "$1") 4330 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default (Unprotecting "$1") MediaWiki:Unwatch 759 sysop 694 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Unwatch 1383 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Unwatch 2090 2004-06-29T12:24:16Z MediaWiki default Unwatch 3461 2004-12-23T04:22:04Z MediaWiki default Unwatch 4331 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Unwatch MediaWiki:User rights set 760 sysop 712 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default <b>User rights for "$1" updated</b> 1401 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default <b>User rights for "$1" updated</b> 2109 2004-06-29T12:24:18Z MediaWiki default <b>User rights for "$1" updated</b> 3478 2004-12-23T04:22:05Z MediaWiki default <b>User rights for "$1" updated</b> 4332 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default <b>User rights for "$1" updated</b> MediaWiki:Usercssjs 761 sysop 713 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default '''Note:''' After saving, you have to tell your bowser to get the new version: '''Mozilla:''' click ''reload''(or ''ctrl-r''), '''IE / Opera:''' ''ctrl-f5'', '''Safari:''' ''cmd-r'', '''Konqueror''' ''ctrl-r''. 4333 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default '''Note:''' After saving, you have to tell your bowser to get the new version: '''Mozilla:''' click ''reload''(or ''ctrl-r''), '''IE / Opera:''' ''ctrl-f5'', '''Safari:''' ''cmd-r'', '''Konqueror''' ''ctrl-r''. MediaWiki:Usercssjsyoucanpreview 762 sysop 714 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default <strong>Tip:</strong> Use the 'Show preview' button to test your new css/js before saving. 1402 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default <strong>Tip:</strong> Use the 'Show preview' button to test your new css/js before saving. 2110 2004-06-29T12:24:18Z MediaWiki default <strong>Tip:</strong> Use the 'Show preview' button to test your new css/js before saving. 3479 2004-12-23T04:22:05Z MediaWiki default <strong>Tip:</strong> Use the 'Show preview' button to test your new CSS/JS before saving. 4334 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default <strong>Tip:</strong> Use the 'Show preview' button to test your new CSS/JS before saving. MediaWiki:Usercsspreview 763 sysop 715 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default '''Remember that you are only previewing your user css, it has not yet been saved!''' 1403 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default '''Remember that you are only previewing your user css, it has not yet been saved!''' 2111 2004-06-29T12:24:18Z MediaWiki default '''Remember that you are only previewing your user css, it has not yet been saved!''' 3480 2004-12-23T04:22:05Z MediaWiki default '''Remember that you are only previewing your user CSS, it has not yet been saved!''' 4335 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default '''Remember that you are only previewing your user CSS, it has not yet been saved!''' MediaWiki:Userjspreview 764 sysop 717 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default '''Remember that you are only testing/previewing your user javascript, it has not yet been saved!''' 1405 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default '''Remember that you are only testing/previewing your user javascript, it has not yet been saved!''' 2113 2004-06-29T12:24:19Z MediaWiki default '''Remember that you are only testing/previewing your user javascript, it has not yet been saved!''' 3482 2004-12-23T04:22:05Z MediaWiki default '''Remember that you are only testing/previewing your user JavaScript, it has not yet been saved!''' 4336 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default '''Remember that you are only testing/previewing your user JavaScript, it has not yet been saved!''' MediaWiki:Usermailererror 765 sysop 720 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Mail object returned error: 1408 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Mail object returned error: 2116 2004-06-29T12:24:19Z MediaWiki default Mail object returned error: 3496 2004-12-23T04:22:06Z MediaWiki default Mail object returned error: 4337 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Mail object returned error: 7784 2006-02-26T01:55:31Z MediaWiki default Mail object returned error: MediaWiki:Watch 766 sysop 730 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Watch 1418 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Watch 2126 2004-06-29T12:24:20Z MediaWiki default Watch 3534 2004-12-23T04:22:06Z MediaWiki default Watch 4338 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Watch 9137 2006-08-19T13:46:47Z Bombo 12 Kobáta Kobáta MediaWiki:Yourrealname 767 sysop 764 2004-05-28T14:41:26Z MediaWiki default Your real name* 1452 2004-06-02T09:04:13Z MediaWiki default Your real name* 2160 2004-06-29T12:24:25Z MediaWiki default Your real name* 3569 2004-12-23T04:22:12Z MediaWiki default Your real name* 4339 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Your real name* 5208 2005-07-03T13:06:27Z MediaWiki default Real name¹ 5838 2005-07-29T10:52:05Z MediaWiki default Real name * 6347 2005-09-27T16:47:52Z Bombo 12 nkómbó ya sɔ̌lɔ́ * Template:All system messages 768 766 2004-05-28T14:42:30Z MediaWiki default MSG: <table border=1 width=100%><tr><td> '''Name''' </td><td> '''Default text''' </td><td> '''Current text''' </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:1movedto2&action=edit 1movedto2]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:1movedto2|Talk]] </td><td> $1 moved to $2 </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:About&action=edit about]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:About|Talk]] </td><td> About </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Aboutpage&action=edit aboutpage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Aboutpage|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:About </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Aboutwikipedia&action=edit aboutwikipedia]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Aboutwikipedia|Talk]] </td><td> About MediaWiki </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-addsection&action=edit accesskey-addsection]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-addsection|Talk]] </td><td> + </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-anontalk&action=edit accesskey-anontalk]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-anontalk|Talk]] </td><td> n </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-anonuserpage&action=edit accesskey-anonuserpage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-anonuserpage|Talk]] </td><td> . </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-article&action=edit accesskey-article]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-article|Talk]] </td><td> a </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-compareselectedversions&action=edit accesskey-compareselectedversions]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-compareselectedversions|Talk]] </td><td> v </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-contributions&action=edit accesskey-contributions]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-contributions|Talk]] </td><td> &amp;lt;accesskey-contributions&amp;gt; </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-currentevents&action=edit accesskey-currentevents]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-currentevents|Talk]] </td><td> &amp;lt;accesskey-currentevents&amp;gt; </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-delete&action=edit accesskey-delete]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-delete|Talk]] </td><td> d </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-edit&action=edit accesskey-edit]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-edit|Talk]] </td><td> e </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-emailuser&action=edit accesskey-emailuser]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-emailuser|Talk]] </td><td> &amp;lt;accesskey-emailuser&amp;gt; </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-help&action=edit accesskey-help]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-help|Talk]] </td><td> &amp;lt;accesskey-help&amp;gt; </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-history&action=edit accesskey-history]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-history|Talk]] </td><td> h </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-login&action=edit accesskey-login]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-login|Talk]] </td><td> o </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-logout&action=edit accesskey-logout]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-logout|Talk]] </td><td> o </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-mainpage&action=edit accesskey-mainpage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-mainpage|Talk]] </td><td> z </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-minoredit&action=edit accesskey-minoredit]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-minoredit|Talk]] </td><td> i </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-move&action=edit accesskey-move]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-move|Talk]] </td><td> m </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-mycontris&action=edit accesskey-mycontris]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-mycontris|Talk]] </td><td> y </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-mytalk&action=edit accesskey-mytalk]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-mytalk|Talk]] </td><td> n </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-portal&action=edit accesskey-portal]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-portal|Talk]] </td><td> &amp;lt;accesskey-portal&amp;gt; </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-preferences&action=edit accesskey-preferences]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-preferences|Talk]] </td><td> &amp;lt;accesskey-preferences&amp;gt; </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-preview&action=edit accesskey-preview]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-preview|Talk]] </td><td> p </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-protect&action=edit accesskey-protect]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-protect|Talk]] </td><td> = </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-randompage&action=edit accesskey-randompage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-randompage|Talk]] </td><td> x </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-recentchanges&action=edit accesskey-recentchanges]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-recentchanges|Talk]] </td><td> r </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-recentchangeslinked&action=edit accesskey-recentchangeslinked]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-recentchangeslinked|Talk]] </td><td> c </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-save&action=edit accesskey-save]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-save|Talk]] </td><td> s </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-search&action=edit accesskey-search]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-search|Talk]] </td><td> f </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-sitesupport&action=edit accesskey-sitesupport]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-sitesupport|Talk]] </td><td> &amp;lt;accesskey-sitesupport&amp;gt; </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-specialpage&action=edit accesskey-specialpage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-specialpage|Talk]] </td><td> &amp;lt;accesskey-specialpage&amp;gt; </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-specialpages&action=edit accesskey-specialpages]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-specialpages|Talk]] </td><td> q </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-talk&action=edit accesskey-talk]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-talk|Talk]] </td><td> t </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-undelete&action=edit accesskey-undelete]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-undelete|Talk]] </td><td> d </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-unwatch&action=edit accesskey-unwatch]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-unwatch|Talk]] </td><td> w </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-upload&action=edit accesskey-upload]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-upload|Talk]] </td><td> u </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-userpage&action=edit accesskey-userpage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-userpage|Talk]] </td><td> . </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-viewsource&action=edit accesskey-viewsource]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-viewsource|Talk]] </td><td> e </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-watch&action=edit accesskey-watch]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-watch|Talk]] </td><td> w </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-watchlist&action=edit accesskey-watchlist]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-watchlist|Talk]] </td><td> l </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-whatlinkshere&action=edit accesskey-whatlinkshere]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-whatlinkshere|Talk]] </td><td> b </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accmailtext&action=edit accmailtext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accmailtext|Talk]] </td><td> The Password for &#39;$1&#39; has been sent to $2. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accmailtitle&action=edit accmailtitle]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accmailtitle|Talk]] </td><td> Password sent. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Actioncomplete&action=edit actioncomplete]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Actioncomplete|Talk]] </td><td> Action complete </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Addedwatch&action=edit addedwatch]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Addedwatch|Talk]] </td><td> Added to watchlist </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Addedwatchtext&action=edit addedwatchtext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Addedwatchtext|Talk]] </td><td> The page &quot;$1&quot; has been added to your &#91;&#91;Special:Watchlist&#124;watchlist]]. Future changes to this page and its associated Talk page will be listed there, and the page will appear &#39;&#39;&#39;bolded&#39;&#39;&#39; in the &#91;&#91;Special:Recentchanges&#124;list of recent changes]] to make it easier to pick out. &lt;p&gt;If you want to remove the page from your watchlist later, click &quot;Stop watching&quot; in the sidebar. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Addsection&action=edit addsection]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Addsection|Talk]] </td><td> + </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Administrators&action=edit administrators]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Administrators|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:Administrators </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Affirmation&action=edit affirmation]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Affirmation|Talk]] </td><td> I affirm that the copyright holder of this file agrees to license it under the terms of the $1. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:All&action=edit all]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:All|Talk]] </td><td> all </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Allmessages&action=edit allmessages]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Allmessages|Talk]] </td><td> All system messages </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Allmessagestext&action=edit allmessagestext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Allmessagestext|Talk]] </td><td> This is a list of all system messages available in the MediaWiki: namespace. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Allpages&action=edit allpages]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Allpages|Talk]] </td><td> All pages </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Alphaindexline&action=edit alphaindexline]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Alphaindexline|Talk]] </td><td> $1 to $2 </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Alreadyloggedin&action=edit alreadyloggedin]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Alreadyloggedin|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;font color=red&gt;&lt;b&gt;User $1, you are already logged in!&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt; </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Alreadyrolled&action=edit alreadyrolled]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Alreadyrolled|Talk]] </td><td> Cannot rollback last edit of &#91;&#91;$1]] by &#91;&#91;User:$2&#124;$2]] (&#91;&#91;User talk:$2&#124;Talk]]); someone else has edited or rolled back the article already. Last edit was by &#91;&#91;User:$3&#124;$3]] (&#91;&#91;User talk:$3&#124;Talk]]). </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ancientpages&action=edit ancientpages]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ancientpages|Talk]] </td><td> Oldest articles </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:And&action=edit and]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:And|Talk]] </td><td> and </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Anontalk&action=edit anontalk]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Anontalk|Talk]] </td><td> Talk for this IP </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Anontalkpagetext&action=edit anontalkpagetext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Anontalkpagetext|Talk]] </td><td> ----&#39;&#39;This is the discussion page for an anonymous user who has not created an account yet or who does not use it. We therefore have to use the numerical &#91;&#91;IP address]] to identify him/her. Such an IP address can be shared by several users. If you are an anonymous user and feel that irrelevant comments have been directed at you, please &#91;&#91;Special:Userlogin&#124;create an account or log in]] to avoid future confusion with other anonymous users.&#39;&#39; </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Anonymous&action=edit anonymous]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Anonymous|Talk]] </td><td> Anonymous user(s) of MediaWiki </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Article&action=edit article]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Article|Talk]] </td><td> Article </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Articleexists&action=edit articleexists]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Articleexists|Talk]] </td><td> A page of that name already exists, or the name you have chosen is not valid. Please choose another name. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Articlepage&action=edit articlepage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Articlepage|Talk]] </td><td> View article </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Asksql&action=edit asksql]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Asksql|Talk]] </td><td> SQL query </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Asksqltext&action=edit asksqltext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Asksqltext|Talk]] </td><td> Use the form below to make a direct query of the database. Use single quotes (&#39;like this&#39;) to delimit string literals. This can often add considerable load to the server, so please use this function sparingly. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Autoblocker&action=edit autoblocker]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Autoblocker|Talk]] </td><td> Autoblocked because you share an IP address with &quot;$1&quot;. Reason &quot;$2&quot;. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badarticleerror&action=edit badarticleerror]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Badarticleerror|Talk]] </td><td> This action cannot be performed on this page. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badfilename&action=edit badfilename]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Badfilename|Talk]] </td><td> Image name has been changed to &quot;$1&quot;. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badfiletype&action=edit badfiletype]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Badfiletype|Talk]] </td><td> &quot;.$1&quot; is not a recommended image file format. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badipaddress&action=edit badipaddress]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Badipaddress|Talk]] </td><td> Invalid IP address </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badquery&action=edit badquery]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Badquery|Talk]] </td><td> Badly formed search query </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badquerytext&action=edit badquerytext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Badquerytext|Talk]] </td><td> We could not process your query. This is probably because you have attempted to search for a word fewer than three letters long, which is not yet supported. It could also be that you have mistyped the expression, for example &quot;fish and and scales&quot;. Please try another query. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badretype&action=edit badretype]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Badretype|Talk]] </td><td> The passwords you entered do not match. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badtitle&action=edit badtitle]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Badtitle|Talk]] </td><td> Bad title </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badtitletext&action=edit badtitletext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Badtitletext|Talk]] </td><td> The requested page title was invalid, empty, or an incorrectly linked inter-language or inter-wiki title. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blanknamespace&action=edit blanknamespace]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Blanknamespace|Talk]] </td><td> (Main) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockedtext&action=edit blockedtext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Blockedtext|Talk]] </td><td> Your user name or IP address has been blocked by $1. The reason given is this:&lt;br /&gt;&#39;&#39;$2&#39;&#39;&lt;p&gt;You may contact $1 or one of the other &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:Administrators&#124;administrators]] to discuss the block. Note that you may not use the &quot;email this user&quot; feature unless you have a valid email address registered in your &#91;&#91;Special:Preferences&#124;user preferences]]. Your IP address is $3. Please include this address in any queries you make. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockedtitle&action=edit blockedtitle]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Blockedtitle|Talk]] </td><td> User is blocked </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockip&action=edit blockip]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Blockip|Talk]] </td><td> Block user </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockipsuccesssub&action=edit blockipsuccesssub]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Blockipsuccesssub|Talk]] </td><td> Block succeeded </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockipsuccesstext&action=edit blockipsuccesstext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Blockipsuccesstext|Talk]] </td><td> &quot;$1&quot; has been blocked. &lt;br /&gt;See &#91;&#91;Special:Ipblocklist&#124;IP block list]] to review blocks. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockiptext&action=edit blockiptext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Blockiptext|Talk]] </td><td> Use the form below to block write access from a specific IP address or username. This should be done only only to prevent vandalism, and in accordance with &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:Policy&#124;policy]]. Fill in a specific reason below (for example, citing particular pages that were vandalized). </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklink&action=edit blocklink]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Blocklink|Talk]] </td><td> block </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklistline&action=edit blocklistline]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Blocklistline|Talk]] </td><td> $1, $2 blocked $3 (expires $4) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklogentry&action=edit blocklogentry]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Blocklogentry|Talk]] </td><td> blocked &quot;$1&quot; with an expiry time of $2 </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklogpage&action=edit blocklogpage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Blocklogpage|Talk]] </td><td> Block_log </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklogtext&action=edit blocklogtext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Blocklogtext|Talk]] </td><td> This is a log of user blocking and unblocking actions. Automatically blocked IP addresses are not be listed. See the &#91;&#91;Special:Ipblocklist&#124;IP block list]] for the list of currently operational bans and blocks. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bold_sample&action=edit bold_sample]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Bold_sample|Talk]] </td><td> Bold text </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bold_tip&action=edit bold_tip]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Bold_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Bold text </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Booksources&action=edit booksources]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Booksources|Talk]] </td><td> Book sources </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Booksourcetext&action=edit booksourcetext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Booksourcetext|Talk]] </td><td> Below is a list of links to other sites that sell new and used books, and may also have further information about books you are looking for.MediaWiki is not affiliated with any of these businesses, and this list should not be construed as an endorsement. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Brokenredirects&action=edit brokenredirects]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Brokenredirects|Talk]] </td><td> Broken Redirects </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Brokenredirectstext&action=edit brokenredirectstext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Brokenredirectstext|Talk]] </td><td> The following redirects link to a non-existing article. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bugreports&action=edit bugreports]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Bugreports|Talk]] </td><td> Bug reports </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bugreportspage&action=edit bugreportspage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Bugreportspage|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:Bug_reports </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bureaucratlog&action=edit bureaucratlog]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Bureaucratlog|Talk]] </td><td> Bureaucrat_log </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bureaucratlogentry&action=edit bureaucratlogentry]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Bureaucratlogentry|Talk]] </td><td> Rights for user &quot;$1&quot; set &quot;$2&quot; </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bureaucrattext&action=edit bureaucrattext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Bureaucrattext|Talk]] </td><td> The action you have requested can only be performed by sysops with &quot;bureaucrat&quot; status. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bureaucrattitle&action=edit bureaucrattitle]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Bureaucrattitle|Talk]] </td><td> Bureaucrat access required </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bydate&action=edit bydate]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Bydate|Talk]] </td><td> by date </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Byname&action=edit byname]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Byname|Talk]] </td><td> by name </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bysize&action=edit bysize]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Bysize|Talk]] </td><td> by size </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cachederror&action=edit cachederror]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Cachederror|Talk]] </td><td> The following is a cached copy of the requested page, and may not be up to date. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cancel&action=edit cancel]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Cancel|Talk]] </td><td> Cancel </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cannotdelete&action=edit cannotdelete]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Cannotdelete|Talk]] </td><td> Could not delete the page or image specified. (It may have already been deleted by someone else.) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cantrollback&action=edit cantrollback]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Cantrollback|Talk]] </td><td> Cannot revert edit; last contributor is only author of this article. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Categories&action=edit categories]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Categories|Talk]] </td><td> Categories </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Category&action=edit category]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Category|Talk]] </td><td> category </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Category_header&action=edit category_header]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Category_header|Talk]] </td><td> Articles in category &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Changepassword&action=edit changepassword]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Changepassword|Talk]] </td><td> Change password </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Changes&action=edit changes]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Changes|Talk]] </td><td> changes </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Columns&action=edit columns]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Columns|Talk]] </td><td> Columns </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Commentedit&action=edit commentedit]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Commentedit|Talk]] </td><td> (comment) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Compareselectedversions&action=edit compareselectedversions]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Compareselectedversions|Talk]] </td><td> Compare selected versions </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirm&action=edit confirm]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Confirm|Talk]] </td><td> Confirm </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmcheck&action=edit confirmcheck]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Confirmcheck|Talk]] </td><td> Yes, I really want to delete this. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmdelete&action=edit confirmdelete]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Confirmdelete|Talk]] </td><td> Confirm delete </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmdeletetext&action=edit confirmdeletetext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Confirmdeletetext|Talk]] </td><td> You are about to permanently delete a page or image along with all of its history from the database. Please confirm that you intend to do this, that you understand the consequences, and that you are doing this in accordance with &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:Policy]]. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmprotect&action=edit confirmprotect]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Confirmprotect|Talk]] </td><td> Confirm protection </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmprotecttext&action=edit confirmprotecttext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Confirmprotecttext|Talk]] </td><td> Do you really want to protect this page? </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmunprotect&action=edit confirmunprotect]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Confirmunprotect|Talk]] </td><td> Confirm unprotection </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmunprotecttext&action=edit confirmunprotecttext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Confirmunprotecttext|Talk]] </td><td> Do you really want to unprotect this page? </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contextchars&action=edit contextchars]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Contextchars|Talk]] </td><td> Characters of context per line </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contextlines&action=edit contextlines]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Contextlines|Talk]] </td><td> Lines to show per hit </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contribslink&action=edit contribslink]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Contribslink|Talk]] </td><td> contribs </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contribsub&action=edit contribsub]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Contribsub|Talk]] </td><td> For $1 </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contributions&action=edit contributions]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Contributions|Talk]] </td><td> User contributions </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Copyright&action=edit copyright]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Copyright|Talk]] </td><td> Content is available under $1. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Copyrightpage&action=edit copyrightpage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Copyrightpage|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:Copyrights </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Copyrightpagename&action=edit copyrightpagename]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Copyrightpagename|Talk]] </td><td> MediaWiki copyright </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Copyrightwarning&action=edit copyrightwarning]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Copyrightwarning|Talk]] </td><td> Please note that all contributions to MediaWiki are considered to be released under the GNU Free Documentation License (see $1 for details). If you don&#39;t want your writing to be edited mercilessly and redistributed at will, then don&#39;t submit it here.&lt;br /&gt; You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource. &lt;strong&gt;DO NOT SUBMIT COPYRIGHTED WORK WITHOUT PERMISSION!&lt;/strong&gt; </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Couldntremove&action=edit couldntremove]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Couldntremove|Talk]] </td><td> Couldn&#39;t remove item &#39;$1&#39;... </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Createaccount&action=edit createaccount]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Createaccount|Talk]] </td><td> Create new account </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Createaccountmail&action=edit createaccountmail]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Createaccountmail|Talk]] </td><td> by email </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cur&action=edit cur]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Cur|Talk]] </td><td> cur </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Currentevents&action=edit currentevents]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Currentevents|Talk]] </td><td> Current events </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Currentrev&action=edit currentrev]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Currentrev|Talk]] </td><td> Current revision </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Databaseerror&action=edit databaseerror]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Databaseerror|Talk]] </td><td> Database error </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dateformat&action=edit dateformat]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Dateformat|Talk]] </td><td> Date format </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dberrortext&action=edit dberrortext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Dberrortext|Talk]] </td><td> A database query syntax error has occurred. This could be because of an illegal search query (see $5), or it may indicate a bug in the software. The last attempted database query was: &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;tt&gt;$1&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt; from within function &quot;&lt;tt&gt;$2&lt;/tt&gt;&quot;. MySQL returned error &quot;&lt;tt&gt;$3: $4&lt;/tt&gt;&quot;. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dberrortextcl&action=edit dberrortextcl]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Dberrortextcl|Talk]] </td><td> A database query syntax error has occurred. The last attempted database query was: &quot;$1&quot; from within function &quot;$2&quot;. MySQL returned error &quot;$3: $4&quot;. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deadendpages&action=edit deadendpages]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Deadendpages|Talk]] </td><td> Dead-end pages </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Debug&action=edit debug]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Debug|Talk]] </td><td> Debug </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Defaultns&action=edit defaultns]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Defaultns|Talk]] </td><td> Search in these namespaces by default: </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Defemailsubject&action=edit defemailsubject]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Defemailsubject|Talk]] </td><td> MediaWiki e-mail </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Delete&action=edit delete]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Delete|Talk]] </td><td> Delete </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletecomment&action=edit deletecomment]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Deletecomment|Talk]] </td><td> Reason for deletion </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletedarticle&action=edit deletedarticle]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Deletedarticle|Talk]] </td><td> deleted &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletedtext&action=edit deletedtext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Deletedtext|Talk]] </td><td> &quot;$1&quot; has been deleted. See $2 for a record of recent deletions. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deleteimg&action=edit deleteimg]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Deleteimg|Talk]] </td><td> del </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletepage&action=edit deletepage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Deletepage|Talk]] </td><td> Delete page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletesub&action=edit deletesub]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Deletesub|Talk]] </td><td> (Deleting &quot;$1&quot;) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletethispage&action=edit deletethispage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Deletethispage|Talk]] </td><td> Delete this page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletionlog&action=edit deletionlog]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Deletionlog|Talk]] </td><td> deletion log </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dellogpage&action=edit dellogpage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Dellogpage|Talk]] </td><td> Deletion_log </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dellogpagetext&action=edit dellogpagetext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Dellogpagetext|Talk]] </td><td> Below is a list of the most recent deletions. All times shown are server time (UTC). &lt;ul&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Developerspheading&action=edit developerspheading]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Developerspheading|Talk]] </td><td> For developer use only </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Developertext&action=edit developertext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Developertext|Talk]] </td><td> The action you have requested can only be performed by users with &quot;developer&quot; status. See $1. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Developertitle&action=edit developertitle]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Developertitle|Talk]] </td><td> Developer access required </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Diff&action=edit diff]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Diff|Talk]] </td><td> diff </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Difference&action=edit difference]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Difference|Talk]] </td><td> (Difference between revisions) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disambiguations&action=edit disambiguations]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Disambiguations|Talk]] </td><td> Disambiguation pages </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disambiguationspage&action=edit disambiguationspage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Disambiguationspage|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:Links_to_disambiguating_pages </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disambiguationstext&action=edit disambiguationstext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Disambiguationstext|Talk]] </td><td> The following articles link to a &lt;i&gt;disambiguation page&lt;/i&gt;. They should link to the appropriate topic instead.&lt;br /&gt;A page is treated as dismbiguation if it is linked from $1.&lt;br /&gt;Links from other namespaces are &lt;i&gt;not&lt;/i&gt; listed here. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disclaimerpage&action=edit disclaimerpage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Disclaimerpage|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:General_disclaimer </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disclaimers&action=edit disclaimers]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Disclaimers|Talk]] </td><td> Disclaimers </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Doubleredirects&action=edit doubleredirects]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Doubleredirects|Talk]] </td><td> Double Redirects </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Doubleredirectstext&action=edit doubleredirectstext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Doubleredirectstext|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;b&gt;Attention:&lt;/b&gt; This list may contain false positives. That usually means there is additional text with links below the first #REDIRECT.&lt;br /&gt; Each row contains links to the first and second redirect, as well as the first line of the second redirect text, usually giving the &quot;real&quot; taget article, which the first redirect should point to. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Edit&action=edit edit]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Edit|Talk]] </td><td> Edit </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editcomment&action=edit editcomment]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Editcomment|Talk]] </td><td> The edit comment was: &quot;&lt;i&gt;$1&lt;/i&gt;&quot;. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editconflict&action=edit editconflict]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Editconflict|Talk]] </td><td> Edit conflict: $1 </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editcurrent&action=edit editcurrent]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Editcurrent|Talk]] </td><td> Edit the current version of this page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Edithelp&action=edit edithelp]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Edithelp|Talk]] </td><td> Editing help </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Edithelppage&action=edit edithelppage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Edithelppage|Talk]] </td><td> Help:Editing </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editing&action=edit editing]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Editing|Talk]] </td><td> Editing $1 </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editingold&action=edit editingold]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Editingold|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;strong&gt;WARNING: You are editing an out-of-date revision of this page. If you save it, any changes made since this revision will be lost.&lt;/strong&gt; </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editsection&action=edit editsection]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Editsection|Talk]] </td><td> edit </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editthispage&action=edit editthispage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Editthispage|Talk]] </td><td> Edit this page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailflag&action=edit emailflag]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailflag|Talk]] </td><td> Disable e-mail from other users </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailforlost&action=edit emailforlost]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailforlost|Talk]] </td><td> Fields marked with a star (*) are optional. Storing an email address enables people to contact you through the website without you having to reveal your email address to them, and it can be used to send you a new password if you forget it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Your real name, if you choose to provide it, will be used for giving you attribution for your work. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailfrom&action=edit emailfrom]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailfrom|Talk]] </td><td> From </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailmessage&action=edit emailmessage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailmessage|Talk]] </td><td> Message </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailpage&action=edit emailpage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailpage|Talk]] </td><td> E-mail user </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailpagetext&action=edit emailpagetext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailpagetext|Talk]] </td><td> If this user has entered a valid e-mail address in his or her user preferences, the form below will send a single message. The e-mail address you entered in your user preferences will appear as the &quot;From&quot; address of the mail, so the recipient will be able to reply. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsend&action=edit emailsend]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailsend|Talk]] </td><td> Send </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsent&action=edit emailsent]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailsent|Talk]] </td><td> E-mail sent </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsenttext&action=edit emailsenttext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailsenttext|Talk]] </td><td> Your e-mail message has been sent. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsubject&action=edit emailsubject]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailsubject|Talk]] </td><td> Subject </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailto&action=edit emailto]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailto|Talk]] </td><td> To </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailuser&action=edit emailuser]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailuser|Talk]] </td><td> E-mail this user </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Enterlockreason&action=edit enterlockreason]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Enterlockreason|Talk]] </td><td> Enter a reason for the lock, including an estimate of when the lock will be released </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Error&action=edit error]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Error|Talk]] </td><td> Error </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Errorpagetitle&action=edit errorpagetitle]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Errorpagetitle|Talk]] </td><td> Error </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exbeforeblank&action=edit exbeforeblank]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Exbeforeblank|Talk]] </td><td> content before blanking was: </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exblank&action=edit exblank]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Exblank|Talk]] </td><td> page was empty </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Excontent&action=edit excontent]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Excontent|Talk]] </td><td> content was: </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Explainconflict&action=edit explainconflict]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Explainconflict|Talk]] </td><td> Someone else has changed this page since you started editing it. The upper text area contains the page text as it currently exists. Your changes are shown in the lower text area. You will have to merge your changes into the existing text. &lt;b&gt;Only&lt;/b&gt; the text in the upper text area will be saved when you press &quot;Save page&quot;. &lt;p&gt; </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Export&action=edit export]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Export|Talk]] </td><td> Export pages </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exportcuronly&action=edit exportcuronly]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Exportcuronly|Talk]] </td><td> Include only the current revision, not the full history </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exporttext&action=edit exporttext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Exporttext|Talk]] </td><td> You can export the text and editing history of a particular page or set of pages wrapped in some XML; this can then be imported into another wiki running MediaWiki software, transformed, or just kept for your private amusement. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Extlink_sample&action=edit extlink_sample]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Extlink_sample|Talk]] </td><td> http&#58;//www.example.com link title </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Extlink_tip&action=edit extlink_tip]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Extlink_tip|Talk]] </td><td> External link (remember http&#58;// prefix) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Faq&action=edit faq]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Faq|Talk]] </td><td> FAQ </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Faqpage&action=edit faqpage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Faqpage|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:FAQ </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Feedlinks&action=edit feedlinks]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Feedlinks|Talk]] </td><td> Feed: </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filecopyerror&action=edit filecopyerror]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Filecopyerror|Talk]] </td><td> Could not copy file &quot;$1&quot; to &quot;$2&quot;. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filedeleteerror&action=edit filedeleteerror]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Filedeleteerror|Talk]] </td><td> Could not delete file &quot;$1&quot;. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filedesc&action=edit filedesc]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Filedesc|Talk]] </td><td> Summary </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filename&action=edit filename]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Filename|Talk]] </td><td> Filename </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filenotfound&action=edit filenotfound]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Filenotfound|Talk]] </td><td> Could not find file &quot;$1&quot;. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filerenameerror&action=edit filerenameerror]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Filerenameerror|Talk]] </td><td> Could not rename file &quot;$1&quot; to &quot;$2&quot;. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filesource&action=edit filesource]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Filesource|Talk]] </td><td> Source </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filestatus&action=edit filestatus]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Filestatus|Talk]] </td><td> Copyright status </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Fileuploaded&action=edit fileuploaded]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Fileuploaded|Talk]] </td><td> File &quot;$1&quot; uploaded successfully. Please follow this link: $2 to the description page and fill in information about the file, such as where it came from, when it was created and by whom, and anything else you may know about it. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Formerror&action=edit formerror]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Formerror|Talk]] </td><td> Error: could not submit form </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Fromwikipedia&action=edit fromwikipedia]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Fromwikipedia|Talk]] </td><td> From MediaWiki, the free encyclopedia. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Getimagelist&action=edit getimagelist]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Getimagelist|Talk]] </td><td> fetching image list </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Go&action=edit go]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Go|Talk]] </td><td> Go </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Googlesearch&action=edit googlesearch]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Googlesearch|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;!-- SiteSearch Google --&gt; &lt;FORM method=GET action=&quot;http&#58;//www.google.com/search&quot;&gt; &lt;TABLE bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFFF&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;A HREF=&quot;http&#58;//www.google.com/&quot;&gt; &lt;IMG SRC=&quot;http&#58;//www.google.com/logos/Logo_40wht.gif&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; ALT=&quot;Google&quot;&gt;&lt;/A&gt; &lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;INPUT TYPE=text name=q size=31 maxlength=255 value=&quot;$1&quot;&gt; &lt;INPUT type=submit name=btnG VALUE=&quot;Google Search&quot;&gt; &lt;font size=-1&gt; &lt;input type=hidden name=domains value=&quot;http&#58;//ln.wikipedia.org&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;input type=radio name=sitesearch value=&quot;&quot;&gt; WWW &lt;input type=radio name=sitesearch value=&quot;http&#58;//ln.wikipedia.org&quot; checked&gt; http&#58;//ln.wikipedia.org &lt;br /&gt; &lt;input type=&#39;hidden&#39; name=&#39;ie&#39; value=&#39;$2&#39;&gt; &lt;input type=&#39;hidden&#39; name=&#39;oe&#39; value=&#39;$2&#39;&gt; &lt;/font&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt; &lt;/FORM&gt; &lt;!-- SiteSearch Google --&gt; </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Guesstimezone&action=edit guesstimezone]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Guesstimezone|Talk]] </td><td> Fill in from browser </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Headline_sample&action=edit headline_sample]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Headline_sample|Talk]] </td><td> Headline text </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Headline_tip&action=edit headline_tip]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Headline_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Level 2 headline </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Help&action=edit help]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Help|Talk]] </td><td> Help </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Helppage&action=edit helppage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Helppage|Talk]] </td><td> Help:Contents </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hide&action=edit hide]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Hide|Talk]] </td><td> hide </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hidetoc&action=edit hidetoc]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Hidetoc|Talk]] </td><td> hide </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hist&action=edit hist]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Hist|Talk]] </td><td> hist </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Histlegend&action=edit histlegend]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Histlegend|Talk]] </td><td> Diff selection: mark the radio boxes of the versions to compare and hit enter or the button at the bottom.&lt;br/&gt; Legend: (cur) = difference with current version, (last) = difference with preceding version, M = minor edit. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:History&action=edit history]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:History|Talk]] </td><td> Page history </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:History_short&action=edit history_short]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:History_short|Talk]] </td><td> History </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Historywarning&action=edit historywarning]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Historywarning|Talk]] </td><td> Warning: The page you are about to delete has a history: </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hr_tip&action=edit hr_tip]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Hr_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Horizontal line (use sparingly) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ignorewarning&action=edit ignorewarning]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ignorewarning|Talk]] </td><td> Ignore warning and save file anyway. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ilshowmatch&action=edit ilshowmatch]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ilshowmatch|Talk]] </td><td> Show all images with names matching </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ilsubmit&action=edit ilsubmit]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ilsubmit|Talk]] </td><td> Search </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Image_sample&action=edit image_sample]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Image_sample|Talk]] </td><td> Example.jpg </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Image_tip&action=edit image_tip]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Image_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Embedded image </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagelinks&action=edit imagelinks]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Imagelinks|Talk]] </td><td> Image links </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagelist&action=edit imagelist]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Imagelist|Talk]] </td><td> Image list </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagelisttext&action=edit imagelisttext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Imagelisttext|Talk]] </td><td> Below is a list of $1 images sorted $2. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagepage&action=edit imagepage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Imagepage|Talk]] </td><td> View image page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagereverted&action=edit imagereverted]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Imagereverted|Talk]] </td><td> Revert to earlier version was successful. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imgdelete&action=edit imgdelete]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Imgdelete|Talk]] </td><td> del </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imgdesc&action=edit imgdesc]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Imgdesc|Talk]] </td><td> desc </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imghistlegend&action=edit imghistlegend]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Imghistlegend|Talk]] </td><td> Legend: (cur) = this is the current image, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Click on date to see image uploaded on that date&lt;/i&gt;. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imghistory&action=edit imghistory]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Imghistory|Talk]] </td><td> Image history </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imglegend&action=edit imglegend]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Imglegend|Talk]] </td><td> Legend: (desc) = show/edit image description. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Import&action=edit import]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Import|Talk]] </td><td> Import pages </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Importfailed&action=edit importfailed]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Importfailed|Talk]] </td><td> Import failed: $1 </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Importhistoryconflict&action=edit importhistoryconflict]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Importhistoryconflict|Talk]] </td><td> Conflicting history revision exists (may have imported this page before) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Importnotext&action=edit importnotext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Importnotext|Talk]] </td><td> Empty or no text </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Importsuccess&action=edit importsuccess]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Importsuccess|Talk]] </td><td> Import succeeded! </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Importtext&action=edit importtext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Importtext|Talk]] </td><td> Please export the file from the source wiki using the Special:Export utility, save it to your disk and upload it here. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Infobox&action=edit infobox]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Infobox|Talk]] </td><td> Click a button to get an example text </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Infobox_alert&action=edit infobox_alert]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Infobox_alert|Talk]] </td><td> Please enter the text you want to be formatted.\n It will be shown in the infobox for copy and pasting.\nExample:\n$1\nwill become:\n$2 </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Internalerror&action=edit internalerror]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Internalerror|Talk]] </td><td> Internal error </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Intl&action=edit intl]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Intl|Talk]] </td><td> Interlanguage links </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ip_range_invalid&action=edit ip_range_invalid]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ip_range_invalid|Talk]] </td><td> Invalid IP range. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipaddress&action=edit ipaddress]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ipaddress|Talk]] </td><td> IP Address/username </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipb_expiry_invalid&action=edit ipb_expiry_invalid]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ipb_expiry_invalid|Talk]] </td><td> Expiry time invalid. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipbexpiry&action=edit ipbexpiry]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ipbexpiry|Talk]] </td><td> Expiry </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipblocklist&action=edit ipblocklist]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ipblocklist|Talk]] </td><td> List of blocked IP addresses and usernames </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipbreason&action=edit ipbreason]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ipbreason|Talk]] </td><td> Reason </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipbsubmit&action=edit ipbsubmit]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ipbsubmit|Talk]] </td><td> Block this user </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipusubmit&action=edit ipusubmit]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ipusubmit|Talk]] </td><td> Unblock this address </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipusuccess&action=edit ipusuccess]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ipusuccess|Talk]] </td><td> &quot;$1&quot; unblocked </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Isbn&action=edit isbn]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Isbn|Talk]] </td><td> ISBN </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Isredirect&action=edit isredirect]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Isredirect|Talk]] </td><td> redirect page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Italic_sample&action=edit italic_sample]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Italic_sample|Talk]] </td><td> Italic text </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Italic_tip&action=edit italic_tip]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Italic_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Italic text </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Iteminvalidname&action=edit iteminvalidname]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Iteminvalidname|Talk]] </td><td> Problem with item &#39;$1&#39;, invalid name... </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Largefile&action=edit largefile]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Largefile|Talk]] </td><td> It is recommended that images not exceed 100k in size. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Last&action=edit last]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Last|Talk]] </td><td> last </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lastmodified&action=edit lastmodified]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Lastmodified|Talk]] </td><td> This page was last modified $1. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lastmodifiedby&action=edit lastmodifiedby]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Lastmodifiedby|Talk]] </td><td> This page was last modified $1 by $2. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lineno&action=edit lineno]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Lineno|Talk]] </td><td> Line $1: </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Link_sample&action=edit link_sample]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Link_sample|Talk]] </td><td> Link title </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Link_tip&action=edit link_tip]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Link_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Internal link </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linklistsub&action=edit linklistsub]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Linklistsub|Talk]] </td><td> (List of links) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linkshere&action=edit linkshere]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Linkshere|Talk]] </td><td> The following pages link to here: </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linkstoimage&action=edit linkstoimage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Linkstoimage|Talk]] </td><td> The following pages link to this image: </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linktrail&action=edit linktrail]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Linktrail|Talk]] </td><td> /^(&#91;a-z]+)(.*)$/sD </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Listform&action=edit listform]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Listform|Talk]] </td><td> list </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Listusers&action=edit listusers]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Listusers|Talk]] </td><td> User list </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loadhist&action=edit loadhist]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Loadhist|Talk]] </td><td> Loading page history </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loadingrev&action=edit loadingrev]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Loadingrev|Talk]] </td><td> loading revision for diff </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Localtime&action=edit localtime]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Localtime|Talk]] </td><td> Local time display </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockbtn&action=edit lockbtn]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Lockbtn|Talk]] </td><td> Lock database </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockconfirm&action=edit lockconfirm]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Lockconfirm|Talk]] </td><td> Yes, I really want to lock the database. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdb&action=edit lockdb]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Lockdb|Talk]] </td><td> Lock database </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdbsuccesssub&action=edit lockdbsuccesssub]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Lockdbsuccesssub|Talk]] </td><td> Database lock succeeded </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdbsuccesstext&action=edit lockdbsuccesstext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Lockdbsuccesstext|Talk]] </td><td> The database has been locked. &lt;br /&gt;Remember to remove the lock after your maintenance is complete. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdbtext&action=edit lockdbtext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Lockdbtext|Talk]] </td><td> Locking the database will suspend the ability of all users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and other things requiring changes in the database. Please confirm that this is what you intend to do, and that you will unlock the database when your maintenance is done. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Locknoconfirm&action=edit locknoconfirm]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Locknoconfirm|Talk]] </td><td> You did not check the confirmation box. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Login&action=edit login]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Login|Talk]] </td><td> Log in </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginend&action=edit loginend]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginend|Talk]] </td><td> &amp;nbsp; </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginerror&action=edit loginerror]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginerror|Talk]] </td><td> Login error </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginpagetitle&action=edit loginpagetitle]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginpagetitle|Talk]] </td><td> User login </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginproblem&action=edit loginproblem]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginproblem|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;b&gt;There has been a problem with your login.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Try again! </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginprompt&action=edit loginprompt]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginprompt|Talk]] </td><td> You must have cookies enabled to log in to MediaWiki. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginreqtext&action=edit loginreqtext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginreqtext|Talk]] </td><td> You must &#91;&#91;special:Userlogin&#124;login]] to view other pages. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginreqtitle&action=edit loginreqtitle]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginreqtitle|Talk]] </td><td> Login Required </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginsuccess&action=edit loginsuccess]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginsuccess|Talk]] </td><td> You are now logged in to MediaWiki as &quot;$1&quot;. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginsuccesstitle&action=edit loginsuccesstitle]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginsuccesstitle|Talk]] </td><td> Login successful </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Logout&action=edit logout]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Logout|Talk]] </td><td> Log out </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Logouttext&action=edit logouttext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Logouttext|Talk]] </td><td> You are now logged out. You can continue to use MediaWiki anonymously, or you can log in again as the same or as a different user. Note that some pages may continue to be displayed as if you were still logged in, until you clear your browser cache </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Logouttitle&action=edit logouttitle]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Logouttitle|Talk]] </td><td> User logout </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lonelypages&action=edit lonelypages]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Lonelypages|Talk]] </td><td> Orphaned pages </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Longpages&action=edit longpages]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Longpages|Talk]] </td><td> Long pages </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Longpagewarning&action=edit longpagewarning]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Longpagewarning|Talk]] </td><td> WARNING: This page is $1 kilobytes long; some browsers may have problems editing pages approaching or longer than 32kb. Please consider breaking the page into smaller sections. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mailerror&action=edit mailerror]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mailerror|Talk]] </td><td> Error sending mail: $1 </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mailmypassword&action=edit mailmypassword]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mailmypassword|Talk]] </td><td> Mail me a new password </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mailnologin&action=edit mailnologin]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mailnologin|Talk]] </td><td> No send address </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mailnologintext&action=edit mailnologintext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mailnologintext|Talk]] </td><td> You must be &lt;a href=&quot;{{localurl:Special:Userlogin&quot;&gt;logged in&lt;/a&gt; and have a valid e-mail address in your &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Preferences&quot;&gt;preferences&lt;/a&gt; to send e-mail to other users. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mainpage&action=edit mainpage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mainpage|Talk]] </td><td> Main Page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mainpagedocfooter&action=edit mainpagedocfooter]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mainpagedocfooter|Talk]] </td><td> Please see &#91;http&#58;//meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_i18n documentation on customizing the interface] and the &#91;http&#58;//meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_User%27s_Guide User&#39;s Guide] for usage and configuration help. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mainpagetext&action=edit mainpagetext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mainpagetext|Talk]] </td><td> Wiki software successfully installed. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Maintenance&action=edit maintenance]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Maintenance|Talk]] </td><td> Maintenance page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Maintenancebacklink&action=edit maintenancebacklink]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Maintenancebacklink|Talk]] </td><td> Back to Maintenance Page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Maintnancepagetext&action=edit maintnancepagetext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Maintnancepagetext|Talk]] </td><td> This page includes several handy tools for everyday maintenance. Some of these functions tend to stress the database, so please do not hit reload after every item you fixed ;-) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysop&action=edit makesysop]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Makesysop|Talk]] </td><td> Make a user into a sysop </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysopfail&action=edit makesysopfail]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Makesysopfail|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;b&gt;User &quot;$1&quot; could not be made into a sysop. (Did you enter the name correctly?)&lt;/b&gt; </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysopname&action=edit makesysopname]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Makesysopname|Talk]] </td><td> Name of the user: </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysopok&action=edit makesysopok]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Makesysopok|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;b&gt;User &quot;$1&quot; is now a sysop&lt;/b&gt; </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysopsubmit&action=edit makesysopsubmit]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Makesysopsubmit|Talk]] </td><td> Make this user into a sysop </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysoptext&action=edit makesysoptext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Makesysoptext|Talk]] </td><td> This form is used by bureaucrats to turn ordinary users into administrators. Type the name of the user in the box and press the button to make the user an administrator </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysoptitle&action=edit makesysoptitle]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Makesysoptitle|Talk]] </td><td> Make a user into a sysop </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Matchtotals&action=edit matchtotals]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Matchtotals|Talk]] </td><td> The query &quot;$1&quot; matched $2 article titles and the text of $3 articles. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math&action=edit math]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Math|Talk]] </td><td> Rendering math </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_bad_output&action=edit math_bad_output]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_bad_output|Talk]] </td><td> Can&#39;t write to or create math output directory </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_bad_tmpdir&action=edit math_bad_tmpdir]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_bad_tmpdir|Talk]] </td><td> Can&#39;t write to or create math temp directory </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_failure&action=edit math_failure]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_failure|Talk]] </td><td> Failed to parse </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_image_error&action=edit math_image_error]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_image_error|Talk]] </td><td> PNG conversion failed; check for correct installation of latex, dvips, gs, and convert </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_lexing_error&action=edit math_lexing_error]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_lexing_error|Talk]] </td><td> lexing error </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_notexvc&action=edit math_notexvc]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_notexvc|Talk]] </td><td> Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_sample&action=edit math_sample]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_sample|Talk]] </td><td> Insert formula here </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_syntax_error&action=edit math_syntax_error]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_syntax_error|Talk]] </td><td> syntax error </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_tip&action=edit math_tip]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Mathematical formula (LaTeX) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_unknown_error&action=edit math_unknown_error]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_unknown_error|Talk]] </td><td> unknown error </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_unknown_function&action=edit math_unknown_function]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_unknown_function|Talk]] </td><td> unknown function </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Media_sample&action=edit media_sample]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Media_sample|Talk]] </td><td> Example.mp3 </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Media_tip&action=edit media_tip]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Media_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Media file link </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Minlength&action=edit minlength]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Minlength|Talk]] </td><td> Image names must be at least three letters. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Minoredit&action=edit minoredit]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Minoredit|Talk]] </td><td> This is a minor edit </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Minoreditletter&action=edit minoreditletter]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Minoreditletter|Talk]] </td><td> M </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mispeelings&action=edit mispeelings]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mispeelings|Talk]] </td><td> Pages with misspellings </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mispeelingspage&action=edit mispeelingspage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mispeelingspage|Talk]] </td><td> List of common misspellings </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mispeelingstext&action=edit mispeelingstext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mispeelingstext|Talk]] </td><td> The following pages contain a common misspelling, which are listed on $1. The correct spelling might be given (like this). </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missingarticle&action=edit missingarticle]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Missingarticle|Talk]] </td><td> The database did not find the text of a page that it should have found, named &quot;$1&quot;. &lt;p&gt;This is usually caused by following an outdated diff or history link to a page that has been deleted. &lt;p&gt;If this is not the case, you may have found a bug in the software. Please report this to an administrator, making note of the URL. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missingimage&action=edit missingimage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Missingimage|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;b&gt;Missing image&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;$1&lt;/i&gt; </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missinglanguagelinks&action=edit missinglanguagelinks]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Missinglanguagelinks|Talk]] </td><td> Missing Language Links </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missinglanguagelinksbutton&action=edit missinglanguagelinksbutton]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Missinglanguagelinksbutton|Talk]] </td><td> Find missing language links for </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missinglanguagelinkstext&action=edit missinglanguagelinkstext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Missinglanguagelinkstext|Talk]] </td><td> These articles do &lt;i&gt;not&lt;/i&gt; link to their counterpart in $1. Redirects and subpages are &lt;i&gt;not&lt;/i&gt; shown. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Moredotdotdot&action=edit moredotdotdot]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Moredotdotdot|Talk]] </td><td> More... </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Move&action=edit move]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Move|Talk]] </td><td> Move </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movearticle&action=edit movearticle]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Movearticle|Talk]] </td><td> Move page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movedto&action=edit movedto]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Movedto|Talk]] </td><td> moved to </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movenologin&action=edit movenologin]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Movenologin|Talk]] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movenologintext&action=edit movenologintext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Movenologintext|Talk]] </td><td> You must be a registered user and &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Userlogin&quot;&gt;logged in&lt;/a&gt; to move a page. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepage&action=edit movepage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Movepage|Talk]] </td><td> Move page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepagebtn&action=edit movepagebtn]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Movepagebtn|Talk]] </td><td> Move page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepagetalktext&action=edit movepagetalktext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Movepagetalktext|Talk]] </td><td> The associated talk page, if any, will be automatically moved along with it &#39;&#39;&#39;unless:&#39;&#39;&#39; *You are moving the page across namespaces, *A non-empty talk page already exists under the new name, or *You uncheck the box below. In those cases, you will have to move or merge the page manually if desired. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepagetext&action=edit movepagetext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Movepagetext|Talk]] </td><td> Using the form below will rename a page, moving all of its history to the new name. The old title will become a redirect page to the new title. Links to the old page title will not be changed; be sure to &#91;&#91;Special:Maintenance&#124;check]] for double or broken redirects. You are responsible for making sure that links continue to point where they are supposed to go. Note that the page will &#39;&#39;&#39;not&#39;&#39;&#39; be moved if there is already a page at the new title, unless it is empty or a redirect and has no past edit history. This means that you can rename a page back to where it was just renamed from if you make a mistake, and you cannot overwrite an existing page. &lt;b&gt;WARNING!&lt;/b&gt; This can be a drastic and unexpected change for a popular page; please be sure you understand the consequences of this before proceeding. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movetalk&action=edit movetalk]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Movetalk|Talk]] </td><td> Move &quot;talk&quot; page as well, if applicable. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movethispage&action=edit movethispage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Movethispage|Talk]] </td><td> Move this page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mycontris&action=edit mycontris]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mycontris|Talk]] </td><td> My contributions </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mypage&action=edit mypage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mypage|Talk]] </td><td> My page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mytalk&action=edit mytalk]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mytalk|Talk]] </td><td> My talk </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Navigation&action=edit navigation]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Navigation|Talk]] </td><td> Navigation </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nbytes&action=edit nbytes]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nbytes|Talk]] </td><td> $1 bytes </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nchanges&action=edit nchanges]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nchanges|Talk]] </td><td> $1 changes </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newarticle&action=edit newarticle]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Newarticle|Talk]] </td><td> (New) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newarticletext&action=edit newarticletext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Newarticletext|Talk]] </td><td> You&#39;ve followed a link to a page that doesn&#39;t exist yet. To create the page, start typing in the box below (see the &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:Help&#124;help page]] for more info). If you are here by mistake, just click your browser&#39;s &#39;&#39;&#39;back&#39;&#39;&#39; button. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newmessages&action=edit newmessages]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Newmessages|Talk]] </td><td> You have $1. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newmessageslink&action=edit newmessageslink]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Newmessageslink|Talk]] </td><td> new messages </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpage&action=edit newpage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Newpage|Talk]] </td><td> New page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpageletter&action=edit newpageletter]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Newpageletter|Talk]] </td><td> N </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpages&action=edit newpages]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Newpages|Talk]] </td><td> New pages </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpassword&action=edit newpassword]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Newpassword|Talk]] </td><td> New password </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newtitle&action=edit newtitle]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Newtitle|Talk]] </td><td> To new title </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newusersonly&action=edit newusersonly]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Newusersonly|Talk]] </td><td> (new users only) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Next&action=edit next]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Next|Talk]] </td><td> next </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nextn&action=edit nextn]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nextn|Talk]] </td><td> next $1 </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nlinks&action=edit nlinks]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nlinks|Talk]] </td><td> $1 links </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noaffirmation&action=edit noaffirmation]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Noaffirmation|Talk]] </td><td> You must affirm that your upload does not violate any copyrights. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noarticletext&action=edit noarticletext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Noarticletext|Talk]] </td><td> (There is currently no text in this page) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noblockreason&action=edit noblockreason]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Noblockreason|Talk]] </td><td> You must supply a reason for the block. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noconnect&action=edit noconnect]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Noconnect|Talk]] </td><td> Sorry! The wiki is experiencing some technical difficulties, and cannot contact the database server. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nocontribs&action=edit nocontribs]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nocontribs|Talk]] </td><td> No changes were found matching these criteria. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nocookieslogin&action=edit nocookieslogin]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nocookieslogin|Talk]] </td><td> MediaWiki uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them and try again. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nocookiesnew&action=edit nocookiesnew]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nocookiesnew|Talk]] </td><td> The user account was created, but you are not logged in. MediaWiki uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them, then log in with your new username and password. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nocreativecommons&action=edit nocreativecommons]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nocreativecommons|Talk]] </td><td> Creative Commons RDF metadata disabled for this server. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nodb&action=edit nodb]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nodb|Talk]] </td><td> Could not select database $1 </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nodublincore&action=edit nodublincore]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nodublincore|Talk]] </td><td> Dublin Core RDF metadata disabled for this server. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noemail&action=edit noemail]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Noemail|Talk]] </td><td> There is no e-mail address recorded for user &quot;$1&quot;. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noemailtext&action=edit noemailtext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Noemailtext|Talk]] </td><td> This user has not specified a valid e-mail address, or has chosen not to receive e-mail from other users. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noemailtitle&action=edit noemailtitle]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Noemailtitle|Talk]] </td><td> No e-mail address </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nogomatch&action=edit nogomatch]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nogomatch|Talk]] </td><td> No page with this exact title exists, trying full text search. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nohistory&action=edit nohistory]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nohistory|Talk]] </td><td> There is no edit history for this page. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nolinkshere&action=edit nolinkshere]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nolinkshere|Talk]] </td><td> No pages link to here. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nolinkstoimage&action=edit nolinkstoimage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nolinkstoimage|Talk]] </td><td> There are no pages that link to this image. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noname&action=edit noname]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Noname|Talk]] </td><td> You have not specified a valid user name. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nonefound&action=edit nonefound]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nonefound|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;strong&gt;Note&lt;/strong&gt;: unsuccessful searches are often caused by searching for common words like &quot;have&quot; and &quot;from&quot;, which are not indexed, or by specifying more than one search term (only pages containing all of the search terms will appear in the result). </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nospecialpagetext&action=edit nospecialpagetext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nospecialpagetext|Talk]] </td><td> You have requested a special page that is not recognized by the wiki. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchaction&action=edit nosuchaction]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nosuchaction|Talk]] </td><td> No such action </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchactiontext&action=edit nosuchactiontext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nosuchactiontext|Talk]] </td><td> The action specified by the URL is not recognized by the wiki </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchspecialpage&action=edit nosuchspecialpage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nosuchspecialpage|Talk]] </td><td> No such special page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchuser&action=edit nosuchuser]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nosuchuser|Talk]] </td><td> There is no user by the name &quot;$1&quot;. Check your spelling, or use the form below to create a new user account. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notacceptable&action=edit notacceptable]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Notacceptable|Talk]] </td><td> The wiki server can&#39;t provide data in a format your client can read. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notanarticle&action=edit notanarticle]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Notanarticle|Talk]] </td><td> Not an article </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notargettext&action=edit notargettext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Notargettext|Talk]] </td><td> You have not specified a target page or user to perform this function on. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notargettitle&action=edit notargettitle]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Notargettitle|Talk]] </td><td> No target </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Note&action=edit note]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Note|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;strong&gt;Note:&lt;/strong&gt; </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notextmatches&action=edit notextmatches]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Notextmatches|Talk]] </td><td> No article text matches </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notitlematches&action=edit notitlematches]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Notitlematches|Talk]] </td><td> No article title matches </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notloggedin&action=edit notloggedin]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Notloggedin|Talk]] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nowatchlist&action=edit nowatchlist]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nowatchlist|Talk]] </td><td> You have no items on your watchlist. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nowiki_sample&action=edit nowiki_sample]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nowiki_sample|Talk]] </td><td> Insert non-formatted text here </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nowiki_tip&action=edit nowiki_tip]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nowiki_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Ignore wiki formatting </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-category&action=edit nstab-category]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-category|Talk]] </td><td> Category </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-help&action=edit nstab-help]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-help|Talk]] </td><td> Help </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-image&action=edit nstab-image]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-image|Talk]] </td><td> Image </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-main&action=edit nstab-main]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-main|Talk]] </td><td> Article </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-media&action=edit nstab-media]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-media|Talk]] </td><td> Media </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-mediawiki&action=edit nstab-mediawiki]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-mediawiki|Talk]] </td><td> Message </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-special&action=edit nstab-special]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-special|Talk]] </td><td> Special </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-template&action=edit nstab-template]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-template|Talk]] </td><td> Template </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-user&action=edit nstab-user]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-user|Talk]] </td><td> User page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-wp&action=edit nstab-wp]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-wp|Talk]] </td><td> About </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nviews&action=edit nviews]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nviews|Talk]] </td><td> $1 views </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ok&action=edit ok]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ok|Talk]] </td><td> OK </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Oldpassword&action=edit oldpassword]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Oldpassword|Talk]] </td><td> Old password </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Orig&action=edit orig]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Orig|Talk]] </td><td> orig </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Orphans&action=edit orphans]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Orphans|Talk]] </td><td> Orphaned pages </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Othercontribs&action=edit othercontribs]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Othercontribs|Talk]] </td><td> Based on work by $1. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Otherlanguages&action=edit otherlanguages]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Otherlanguages|Talk]] </td><td> Other languages </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Pagemovedsub&action=edit pagemovedsub]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Pagemovedsub|Talk]] </td><td> Move succeeded </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Pagemovedtext&action=edit pagemovedtext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Pagemovedtext|Talk]] </td><td> Page &quot;&#91;&#91;$1]]&quot; moved to &quot;&#91;&#91;$2]]&quot;. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Pagetitle&action=edit pagetitle]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Pagetitle|Talk]] </td><td> $1 - MediaWiki </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Passwordremindertext&action=edit passwordremindertext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Passwordremindertext|Talk]] </td><td> Someone (probably you, from IP address $1) requested that we send you a new MediaWiki login password. The password for user &quot;$2&quot; is now &quot;$3&quot;. You should log in and change your password now. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Passwordremindertitle&action=edit passwordremindertitle]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Passwordremindertitle|Talk]] </td><td> Password reminder from MediaWiki </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Passwordsent&action=edit passwordsent]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Passwordsent|Talk]] </td><td> A new password has been sent to the e-mail address registered for &quot;$1&quot;. Please log in again after you receive it. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Perfcached&action=edit perfcached]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Perfcached|Talk]] </td><td> The following data is cached and may not be completely up to date: </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Perfdisabled&action=edit perfdisabled]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Perfdisabled|Talk]] </td><td> Sorry! This feature has been temporarily disabled because it slows the database down to the point that no one can use the wiki. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Perfdisabledsub&action=edit perfdisabledsub]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Perfdisabledsub|Talk]] </td><td> Here&#39;s a saved copy from $1: </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Personaltools&action=edit personaltools]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Personaltools|Talk]] </td><td> Personal tools </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Popularpages&action=edit popularpages]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Popularpages|Talk]] </td><td> Popular pages </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Portal&action=edit portal]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Portal|Talk]] </td><td> Community portal </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Portal-url&action=edit portal-url]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Portal-url|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:Community Portal </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Postcomment&action=edit postcomment]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Postcomment|Talk]] </td><td> Post a comment </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Poweredby&action=edit poweredby]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Poweredby|Talk]] </td><td> MediaWiki is powered by &#91;http&#58;//www.mediawiki.org/ MediaWiki], an open source wiki engine. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Powersearch&action=edit powersearch]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Powersearch|Talk]] </td><td> Search </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Powersearchtext&action=edit powersearchtext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Powersearchtext|Talk]] </td><td> Search in namespaces :&lt;br /&gt; $1&lt;br /&gt; $2 List redirects &amp;nbsp; Search for $3 $9 </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Preferences&action=edit preferences]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Preferences|Talk]] </td><td> Preferences </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefs-help-userdata&action=edit prefs-help-userdata]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Prefs-help-userdata|Talk]] </td><td> * &lt;strong&gt;Real name&lt;/strong&gt; (optional): if you choose to provide it this will be used for giving you attribution for your work.&lt;br/&gt; * &lt;strong&gt;Email&lt;/strong&gt; (optional): Enables people to contact you through the website without you having to reveal your email address to them, and it can be used to send you a new password if you forget it. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefs-misc&action=edit prefs-misc]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Prefs-misc|Talk]] </td><td> Misc settings </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefs-personal&action=edit prefs-personal]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Prefs-personal|Talk]] </td><td> User data </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefs-rc&action=edit prefs-rc]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Prefs-rc|Talk]] </td><td> Recent changes and stub display </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefslogintext&action=edit prefslogintext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Prefslogintext|Talk]] </td><td> You are logged in as &quot;$1&quot;. Your internal ID number is $2. See &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:User preferences help]] for help deciphering the options. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefsnologin&action=edit prefsnologin]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Prefsnologin|Talk]] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefsnologintext&action=edit prefsnologintext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Prefsnologintext|Talk]] </td><td> You must be &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Userlogin&quot;&gt;logged in&lt;/a&gt; to set user preferences. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefsreset&action=edit prefsreset]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Prefsreset|Talk]] </td><td> Preferences have been reset from storage. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Preview&action=edit preview]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Preview|Talk]] </td><td> Preview </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Previewconflict&action=edit previewconflict]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Previewconflict|Talk]] </td><td> This preview reflects the text in the upper text editing area as it will appear if you choose to save. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Previewnote&action=edit previewnote]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Previewnote|Talk]] </td><td> Remember that this is only a preview, and has not yet been saved! </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prevn&action=edit prevn]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Prevn|Talk]] </td><td> previous $1 </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Printableversion&action=edit printableversion]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Printableversion|Talk]] </td><td> Printable version </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Printsubtitle&action=edit printsubtitle]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Printsubtitle|Talk]] </td><td> (From http&#58;//ln.wikipedia.org) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protect&action=edit protect]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Protect|Talk]] </td><td> Protect </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectcomment&action=edit protectcomment]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectcomment|Talk]] </td><td> Reason for protecting </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedarticle&action=edit protectedarticle]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectedarticle|Talk]] </td><td> protected &#91;&#91;$1]] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedpage&action=edit protectedpage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectedpage|Talk]] </td><td> Protected page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedpagewarning&action=edit protectedpagewarning]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectedpagewarning|Talk]] </td><td> WARNING: This page has been locked so that only users with sysop privileges can edit it. Be sure you are following the &lt;a href=&#39;/w/wiki.phtml/Wikipedia:Protected_page_guidelines&#39;&gt;protected page guidelines&lt;/a&gt;. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedtext&action=edit protectedtext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectedtext|Talk]] </td><td> This page has been locked to prevent editing; there are a number of reasons why this may be so, please see &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:Protected page]]. You can view and copy the source of this page: </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectlogpage&action=edit protectlogpage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectlogpage|Talk]] </td><td> Protection_log </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectlogtext&action=edit protectlogtext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectlogtext|Talk]] </td><td> Below is a list of page locks/unlocks. See &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:Protected page]] for more information. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectpage&action=edit protectpage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectpage|Talk]] </td><td> Protect page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectreason&action=edit protectreason]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectreason|Talk]] </td><td> (give a reason) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectsub&action=edit protectsub]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectsub|Talk]] </td><td> (Protecting &quot;$1&quot;) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectthispage&action=edit protectthispage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectthispage|Talk]] </td><td> Protect this page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Proxyblocker&action=edit proxyblocker]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Proxyblocker|Talk]] </td><td> Proxy blocker </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Proxyblockreason&action=edit proxyblockreason]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Proxyblockreason|Talk]] </td><td> Your IP address has been blocked because it is an open proxy. Please contact your Internet service provider or tech support and inform them of this serious security problem. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Proxyblocksuccess&action=edit proxyblocksuccess]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Proxyblocksuccess|Talk]] </td><td> Done. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbbrowse&action=edit qbbrowse]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Qbbrowse|Talk]] </td><td> Browse </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbedit&action=edit qbedit]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Qbedit|Talk]] </td><td> Edit </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbfind&action=edit qbfind]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Qbfind|Talk]] </td><td> Find </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbmyoptions&action=edit qbmyoptions]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Qbmyoptions|Talk]] </td><td> My pages </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbpageinfo&action=edit qbpageinfo]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Qbpageinfo|Talk]] </td><td> Context </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbpageoptions&action=edit qbpageoptions]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Qbpageoptions|Talk]] </td><td> This page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbsettings&action=edit qbsettings]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Qbsettings|Talk]] </td><td> Quickbar settings </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbspecialpages&action=edit qbspecialpages]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Qbspecialpages|Talk]] </td><td> Special pages </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Querybtn&action=edit querybtn]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Querybtn|Talk]] </td><td> Submit query </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Querysuccessful&action=edit querysuccessful]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Querysuccessful|Talk]] </td><td> Query successful </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Randompage&action=edit randompage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Randompage|Talk]] </td><td> Random page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Range_block_disabled&action=edit range_block_disabled]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Range_block_disabled|Talk]] </td><td> The sysop ability to create range blocks is disabled. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rchide&action=edit rchide]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rchide|Talk]] </td><td> in $4 form; $1 minor edits; $2 secondary namespaces; $3 multiple edits. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rclinks&action=edit rclinks]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rclinks|Talk]] </td><td> Show last $1 changes in last $2 days&lt;br /&gt;$3 </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rclistfrom&action=edit rclistfrom]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rclistfrom|Talk]] </td><td> Show new changes starting from $1 </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcliu&action=edit rcliu]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rcliu|Talk]] </td><td> ; $1 edits from logged in users </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcloaderr&action=edit rcloaderr]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rcloaderr|Talk]] </td><td> Loading recent changes </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rclsub&action=edit rclsub]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rclsub|Talk]] </td><td> (to pages linked from &quot;$1&quot;) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcnote&action=edit rcnote]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rcnote|Talk]] </td><td> Below are the last &lt;strong&gt;$1&lt;/strong&gt; changes in last &lt;strong&gt;$2&lt;/strong&gt; days. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcnotefrom&action=edit rcnotefrom]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rcnotefrom|Talk]] </td><td> Below are the changes since &lt;b&gt;$2&lt;/b&gt; (up to &lt;b&gt;$1&lt;/b&gt; shown). </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Readonly&action=edit readonly]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Readonly|Talk]] </td><td> Database locked </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Readonlytext&action=edit readonlytext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Readonlytext|Talk]] </td><td> The database is currently locked to new entries and other modifications, probably for routine database maintenance, after which it will be back to normal. The administrator who locked it offered this explanation: &lt;p&gt;$1 </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Readonlywarning&action=edit readonlywarning]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Readonlywarning|Talk]] </td><td> WARNING: The database has been locked for maintenance, so you will not be able to save your edits right now. You may wish to cut-n-paste the text into a text file and save it for later. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchanges&action=edit recentchanges]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Recentchanges|Talk]] </td><td> Recent changes </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchangescount&action=edit recentchangescount]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Recentchangescount|Talk]] </td><td> Number of titles in recent changes </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchangeslinked&action=edit recentchangeslinked]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Recentchangeslinked|Talk]] </td><td> Related changes </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchangestext&action=edit recentchangestext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Recentchangestext|Talk]] </td><td> Track the most recent changes to the wiki on this page. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Redirectedfrom&action=edit redirectedfrom]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Redirectedfrom|Talk]] </td><td> (Redirected from $1) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Remembermypassword&action=edit remembermypassword]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Remembermypassword|Talk]] </td><td> Remember my password across sessions. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removechecked&action=edit removechecked]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Removechecked|Talk]] </td><td> Remove checked items from watchlist </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removedwatch&action=edit removedwatch]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Removedwatch|Talk]] </td><td> Removed from watchlist </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removedwatchtext&action=edit removedwatchtext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Removedwatchtext|Talk]] </td><td> The page &quot;$1&quot; has been removed from your watchlist. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removingchecked&action=edit removingchecked]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Removingchecked|Talk]] </td><td> Removing requested items from watchlist... </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Resetprefs&action=edit resetprefs]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Resetprefs|Talk]] </td><td> Reset preferences </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Restorelink&action=edit restorelink]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Restorelink|Talk]] </td><td> $1 deleted edits </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Resultsperpage&action=edit resultsperpage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Resultsperpage|Talk]] </td><td> Hits to show per page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Retrievedfrom&action=edit retrievedfrom]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Retrievedfrom|Talk]] </td><td> Retrieved from &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Returnto&action=edit returnto]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Returnto|Talk]] </td><td> Return to $1. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Retypenew&action=edit retypenew]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Retypenew|Talk]] </td><td> Retype new password </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Reupload&action=edit reupload]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Reupload|Talk]] </td><td> Re-upload </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Reuploaddesc&action=edit reuploaddesc]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Reuploaddesc|Talk]] </td><td> Return to the upload form. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Reverted&action=edit reverted]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Reverted|Talk]] </td><td> Reverted to earlier revision </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revertimg&action=edit revertimg]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Revertimg|Talk]] </td><td> rev </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revertpage&action=edit revertpage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Revertpage|Talk]] </td><td> Reverted edit of $2, changed back to last version by $1 </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revhistory&action=edit revhistory]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Revhistory|Talk]] </td><td> Revision history </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revisionasof&action=edit revisionasof]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Revisionasof|Talk]] </td><td> Revision as of $1 </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revnotfound&action=edit revnotfound]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Revnotfound|Talk]] </td><td> Revision not found </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revnotfoundtext&action=edit revnotfoundtext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Revnotfoundtext|Talk]] </td><td> The old revision of the page you asked for could not be found. Please check the URL you used to access this page. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rfcurl&action=edit rfcurl]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rfcurl|Talk]] </td><td> http&#58;//www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc$1.html </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rights&action=edit rights]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rights|Talk]] </td><td> Rights: </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rollback&action=edit rollback]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rollback|Talk]] </td><td> Roll back edits </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rollback_short&action=edit rollback_short]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rollback_short|Talk]] </td><td> Rollback </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rollbackfailed&action=edit rollbackfailed]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rollbackfailed|Talk]] </td><td> Rollback failed </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rollbacklink&action=edit rollbacklink]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rollbacklink|Talk]] </td><td> rollback </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rows&action=edit rows]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rows|Talk]] </td><td> Rows </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Savearticle&action=edit savearticle]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Savearticle|Talk]] </td><td> Save page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Savedprefs&action=edit savedprefs]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Savedprefs|Talk]] </td><td> Your preferences have been saved. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Savefile&action=edit savefile]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Savefile|Talk]] </td><td> Save file </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Saveprefs&action=edit saveprefs]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Saveprefs|Talk]] </td><td> Save preferences </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Search&action=edit search]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Search|Talk]] </td><td> Search </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchdisabled&action=edit searchdisabled]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Searchdisabled|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;p&gt;Sorry! Full text search has been disabled temporarily, for performance reasons. In the meantime, you can use the Google search below, which may be out of date.&lt;/p&gt; </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchhelppage&action=edit searchhelppage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Searchhelppage|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:Searching </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchingwikipedia&action=edit searchingwikipedia]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Searchingwikipedia|Talk]] </td><td> Searching MediaWiki </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchquery&action=edit searchquery]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Searchquery|Talk]] </td><td> For query &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchresults&action=edit searchresults]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Searchresults|Talk]] </td><td> Search results </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchresultshead&action=edit searchresultshead]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Searchresultshead|Talk]] </td><td> Search result settings </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchresulttext&action=edit searchresulttext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Searchresulttext|Talk]] </td><td> For more information about searching MediaWiki, see $1. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sectionedit&action=edit sectionedit]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Sectionedit|Talk]] </td><td> (section) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selectnewerversionfordiff&action=edit selectnewerversionfordiff]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Selectnewerversionfordiff|Talk]] </td><td> Select a newer version for comparison </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selectolderversionfordiff&action=edit selectolderversionfordiff]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Selectolderversionfordiff|Talk]] </td><td> Select an older version for comparison </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selectonly&action=edit selectonly]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Selectonly|Talk]] </td><td> Only read-only queries are allowed. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selflinks&action=edit selflinks]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Selflinks|Talk]] </td><td> Pages with Self Links </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selflinkstext&action=edit selflinkstext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Selflinkstext|Talk]] </td><td> The following pages contain a link to themselves, which they should not. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Seriousxhtmlerrors&action=edit seriousxhtmlerrors]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Seriousxhtmlerrors|Talk]] </td><td> There were serious xhtml markup errors detected by tidy. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Servertime&action=edit servertime]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Servertime|Talk]] </td><td> Server time is now </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Set_rights_fail&action=edit set_rights_fail]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Set_rights_fail|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;b&gt;User rights for &quot;$1&quot; could not be set. (Did you enter the name correctly?)&lt;/b&gt; </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Set_user_rights&action=edit set_user_rights]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Set_user_rights|Talk]] </td><td> Set user rights </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Setbureaucratflag&action=edit setbureaucratflag]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Setbureaucratflag|Talk]] </td><td> Set bureaucrat flag </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Shortpages&action=edit shortpages]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Shortpages|Talk]] </td><td> Short pages </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Show&action=edit show]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Show|Talk]] </td><td> show </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showhideminor&action=edit showhideminor]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Showhideminor|Talk]] </td><td> $1 minor edits &#124; $2 bots &#124; $3 logged in users </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showingresults&action=edit showingresults]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Showingresults|Talk]] </td><td> Showing below &lt;b&gt;$1&lt;/b&gt; results starting with #&lt;b&gt;$2&lt;/b&gt;. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showingresultsnum&action=edit showingresultsnum]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Showingresultsnum|Talk]] </td><td> Showing below &lt;b&gt;$3&lt;/b&gt; results starting with #&lt;b&gt;$2&lt;/b&gt;. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showlast&action=edit showlast]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Showlast|Talk]] </td><td> Show last $1 images sorted $2. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showpreview&action=edit showpreview]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Showpreview|Talk]] </td><td> Show preview </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showtoc&action=edit showtoc]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Showtoc|Talk]] </td><td> show </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sig_tip&action=edit sig_tip]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Sig_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Your signature with timestamp </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitestats&action=edit sitestats]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Sitestats|Talk]] </td><td> Site statistics </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitestatstext&action=edit sitestatstext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Sitestatstext|Talk]] </td><td> There are &#39;&#39;&#39;$1&#39;&#39;&#39; total pages in the database. This includes &quot;talk&quot; pages, pages about MediaWiki, minimal &quot;stub&quot; pages, redirects, and others that probably don&#39;t qualify as articles. Excluding those, there are &#39;&#39;&#39;$2&#39;&#39;&#39; pages that are probably legitimate articles. There have been a total of &#39;&#39;&#39;$3&#39;&#39;&#39; page views, and &#39;&#39;&#39;$4&#39;&#39;&#39; page edits since the wiki was setup. That comes to &#39;&#39;&#39;$5&#39;&#39;&#39; average edits per page, and &#39;&#39;&#39;$6&#39;&#39;&#39; views per edit. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitesubtitle&action=edit sitesubtitle]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Sitesubtitle|Talk]] </td><td> The Free Encyclopedia </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitesupport&action=edit sitesupport]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Sitesupport|Talk]] </td><td> Donations </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitetitle&action=edit sitetitle]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Sitetitle|Talk]] </td><td> MediaWiki </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Siteuser&action=edit siteuser]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Siteuser|Talk]] </td><td> MediaWiki user $1 </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Siteusers&action=edit siteusers]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Siteusers|Talk]] </td><td> MediaWiki user(s) $1 </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Skin&action=edit skin]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Skin|Talk]] </td><td> Skin </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Specialpage&action=edit specialpage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Specialpage|Talk]] </td><td> Special Page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Specialpages&action=edit specialpages]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Specialpages|Talk]] </td><td> Special pages </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Spheading&action=edit spheading]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Spheading|Talk]] </td><td> Special pages for all users </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sqlislogged&action=edit sqlislogged]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Sqlislogged|Talk]] </td><td> Please note that all queries are logged. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sqlquery&action=edit sqlquery]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Sqlquery|Talk]] </td><td> Enter query </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Statistics&action=edit statistics]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Statistics|Talk]] </td><td> Statistics </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Storedversion&action=edit storedversion]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Storedversion|Talk]] </td><td> Stored version </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Stubthreshold&action=edit stubthreshold]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Stubthreshold|Talk]] </td><td> Threshold for stub display </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Subcategories&action=edit subcategories]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Subcategories|Talk]] </td><td> Subcategories </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Subject&action=edit subject]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Subject|Talk]] </td><td> Subject/headline </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Subjectpage&action=edit subjectpage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Subjectpage|Talk]] </td><td> View subject </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Successfulupload&action=edit successfulupload]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Successfulupload|Talk]] </td><td> Successful upload </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Summary&action=edit summary]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Summary|Talk]] </td><td> Summary </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sysopspheading&action=edit sysopspheading]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Sysopspheading|Talk]] </td><td> For sysop use only </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sysoptext&action=edit sysoptext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Sysoptext|Talk]] </td><td> The action you have requested can only be performed by users with &quot;sysop&quot; status. See $1. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sysoptitle&action=edit sysoptitle]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Sysoptitle|Talk]] </td><td> Sysop access required </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tableform&action=edit tableform]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tableform|Talk]] </td><td> table </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talk&action=edit talk]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Talk|Talk]] </td><td> Discussion </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkexists&action=edit talkexists]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Talkexists|Talk]] </td><td> The page itself was moved successfully, but the talk page could not be moved because one already exists at the new title. Please merge them manually. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkpage&action=edit talkpage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Talkpage|Talk]] </td><td> Discuss this page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkpagemoved&action=edit talkpagemoved]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Talkpagemoved|Talk]] </td><td> The corresponding talk page was also moved. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkpagenotmoved&action=edit talkpagenotmoved]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Talkpagenotmoved|Talk]] </td><td> The corresponding talk page was &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; moved. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkpagetext&action=edit talkpagetext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Talkpagetext|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;!-- MediaWiki:talkpagetext --&gt; </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Textboxsize&action=edit textboxsize]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Textboxsize|Talk]] </td><td> Textbox dimensions </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Textmatches&action=edit textmatches]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Textmatches|Talk]] </td><td> Article text matches </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Thisisdeleted&action=edit thisisdeleted]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Thisisdeleted|Talk]] </td><td> View or restore $1? </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Thumbnail-more&action=edit thumbnail-more]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Thumbnail-more|Talk]] </td><td> Enlarge </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Timezoneoffset&action=edit timezoneoffset]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Timezoneoffset|Talk]] </td><td> Offset </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Timezonetext&action=edit timezonetext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Timezonetext|Talk]] </td><td> Enter number of hours your local time differs from server time (UTC). </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Titlematches&action=edit titlematches]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Titlematches|Talk]] </td><td> Article title matches </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Toc&action=edit toc]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Toc|Talk]] </td><td> Table of contents </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Toolbox&action=edit toolbox]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Toolbox|Talk]] </td><td> Toolbox </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-addsection&action=edit tooltip-addsection]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-addsection|Talk]] </td><td> Add a comment to this page. &#91;alt-+] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-anontalk&action=edit tooltip-anontalk]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-anontalk|Talk]] </td><td> Discussion about edits from this ip address &#91;alt-n] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-anonuserpage&action=edit tooltip-anonuserpage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-anonuserpage|Talk]] </td><td> The user page for the ip you&#39;re editing as &#91;alt-.] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-article&action=edit tooltip-article]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-article|Talk]] </td><td> View the article &#91;alt-a] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-atom&action=edit tooltip-atom]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-atom|Talk]] </td><td> Atom feed for this page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-compareselectedversions&action=edit tooltip-compareselectedversions]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-compareselectedversions|Talk]] </td><td> See the differences between the two selected versions of this page. &#91;alt-v] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-contributions&action=edit tooltip-contributions]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-contributions|Talk]] </td><td> View the list of contributions of this user </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-currentevents&action=edit tooltip-currentevents]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-currentevents|Talk]] </td><td> Find background information on current events </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-delete&action=edit tooltip-delete]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-delete|Talk]] </td><td> Delete this page &#91;alt-d] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-edit&action=edit tooltip-edit]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-edit|Talk]] </td><td> You can edit this page. Please use the preview button before saving. &#91;alt-e] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-emailuser&action=edit tooltip-emailuser]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-emailuser|Talk]] </td><td> Send a mail to this user </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-help&action=edit tooltip-help]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-help|Talk]] </td><td> The place to find out. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-history&action=edit tooltip-history]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-history|Talk]] </td><td> Past versions of this page, &#91;alt-h] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-login&action=edit tooltip-login]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-login|Talk]] </td><td> You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however. &#91;alt-o] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-logout&action=edit tooltip-logout]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-logout|Talk]] </td><td> Log out &#91;alt-o] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-mainpage&action=edit tooltip-mainpage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-mainpage|Talk]] </td><td> Visit the Main Page &#91;alt-z] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-minoredit&action=edit tooltip-minoredit]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-minoredit|Talk]] </td><td> Mark this as a minor edit &#91;alt-i] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-move&action=edit tooltip-move]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-move|Talk]] </td><td> Move this page &#91;alt-m] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-mycontris&action=edit tooltip-mycontris]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-mycontris|Talk]] </td><td> List of my contributions &#91;alt-y] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-mytalk&action=edit tooltip-mytalk]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-mytalk|Talk]] </td><td> My talk page &#91;alt-n] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-nomove&action=edit tooltip-nomove]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-nomove|Talk]] </td><td> You don&#39;t have the permissions to move this page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-portal&action=edit tooltip-portal]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-portal|Talk]] </td><td> About the project, what you can do, where to find things </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-preferences&action=edit tooltip-preferences]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-preferences|Talk]] </td><td> My preferences </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-preview&action=edit tooltip-preview]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-preview|Talk]] </td><td> Preview your changes, please use this before saving! &#91;alt-p] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-protect&action=edit tooltip-protect]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-protect|Talk]] </td><td> Protect this page &#91;alt-=] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-randompage&action=edit tooltip-randompage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-randompage|Talk]] </td><td> Load a random page &#91;alt-x] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-recentchanges&action=edit tooltip-recentchanges]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-recentchanges|Talk]] </td><td> The list of recent changes in the wiki. &#91;alt-r] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-recentchangeslinked&action=edit tooltip-recentchangeslinked]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-recentchangeslinked|Talk]] </td><td> Recent changes in pages linking to this page &#91;alt-c] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-rss&action=edit tooltip-rss]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-rss|Talk]] </td><td> RSS feed for this page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-save&action=edit tooltip-save]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-save|Talk]] </td><td> Save you changes &#91;alt-s] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-search&action=edit tooltip-search]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-search|Talk]] </td><td> Search this wiki &#91;alt-f] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-sitesupport&action=edit tooltip-sitesupport]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-sitesupport|Talk]] </td><td> Support MediaWiki </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-specialpage&action=edit tooltip-specialpage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-specialpage|Talk]] </td><td> This is a special page, you can&#39;t edit the page itself. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-specialpages&action=edit tooltip-specialpages]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-specialpages|Talk]] </td><td> List of all special pages &#91;alt-q] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-talk&action=edit tooltip-talk]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-talk|Talk]] </td><td> Discussion about the article &#91;alt-t] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-undelete&action=edit tooltip-undelete]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-undelete|Talk]] </td><td> Restore $1 deleted edits to this page &#91;alt-d] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-unwatch&action=edit tooltip-unwatch]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-unwatch|Talk]] </td><td> Remove this page from your watchlist &#91;alt-w] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-upload&action=edit tooltip-upload]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-upload|Talk]] </td><td> Upload images or media files &#91;alt-u] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-userpage&action=edit tooltip-userpage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-userpage|Talk]] </td><td> My user page &#91;alt-.] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-viewsource&action=edit tooltip-viewsource]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-viewsource|Talk]] </td><td> This page is protected. You can view it&#39;s source. &#91;alt-e] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-watch&action=edit tooltip-watch]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-watch|Talk]] </td><td> Add this page to your watchlist &#91;alt-w] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-watchlist&action=edit tooltip-watchlist]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-watchlist|Talk]] </td><td> The list of pages you&#39;re monitoring for changes. &#91;alt-l] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-whatlinkshere&action=edit tooltip-whatlinkshere]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-whatlinkshere|Talk]] </td><td> List of all wiki pages that link here &#91;alt-b] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uclinks&action=edit uclinks]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uclinks|Talk]] </td><td> View the last $1 changes; view the last $2 days. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ucnote&action=edit ucnote]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ucnote|Talk]] </td><td> Below are this user&#39;s last &lt;b&gt;$1&lt;/b&gt; changes in the last &lt;b&gt;$2&lt;/b&gt; days. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uctop&action=edit uctop]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uctop|Talk]] </td><td> (top) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblockip&action=edit unblockip]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unblockip|Talk]] </td><td> Unblock user </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblockiptext&action=edit unblockiptext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unblockiptext|Talk]] </td><td> Use the form below to restore write access to a previously blocked IP address or username. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblocklink&action=edit unblocklink]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unblocklink|Talk]] </td><td> unblock </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblocklogentry&action=edit unblocklogentry]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unblocklogentry|Talk]] </td><td> unblocked &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undelete&action=edit undelete]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Undelete|Talk]] </td><td> Restore deleted page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undelete_short&action=edit undelete_short]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Undelete_short|Talk]] </td><td> Undelete </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletearticle&action=edit undeletearticle]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeletearticle|Talk]] </td><td> Restore deleted article </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletebtn&action=edit undeletebtn]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeletebtn|Talk]] </td><td> Restore! </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletedarticle&action=edit undeletedarticle]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeletedarticle|Talk]] </td><td> restored &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletedtext&action=edit undeletedtext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeletedtext|Talk]] </td><td> The article &#91;&#91;$1]] has been successfully restored. See &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:Deletion_log]] for a record of recent deletions and restorations. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletehistory&action=edit undeletehistory]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeletehistory|Talk]] </td><td> If you restore the page, all revisions will be restored to the history. If a new page with the same name has been created since the deletion, the restored revisions will appear in the prior history, and the current revision of the live page will not be automatically replaced. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletepage&action=edit undeletepage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeletepage|Talk]] </td><td> View and restore deleted pages </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletepagetext&action=edit undeletepagetext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeletepagetext|Talk]] </td><td> The following pages have been deleted but are still in the archive and can be restored. The archive may be periodically cleaned out. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeleterevision&action=edit undeleterevision]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeleterevision|Talk]] </td><td> Deleted revision as of $1 </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeleterevisions&action=edit undeleterevisions]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeleterevisions|Talk]] </td><td> $1 revisions archived </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unexpected&action=edit unexpected]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unexpected|Talk]] </td><td> Unexpected value: &quot;$1&quot;=&quot;$2&quot;. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockbtn&action=edit unlockbtn]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unlockbtn|Talk]] </td><td> Unlock database </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockconfirm&action=edit unlockconfirm]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unlockconfirm|Talk]] </td><td> Yes, I really want to unlock the database. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdb&action=edit unlockdb]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unlockdb|Talk]] </td><td> Unlock database </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdbsuccesssub&action=edit unlockdbsuccesssub]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unlockdbsuccesssub|Talk]] </td><td> Database lock removed </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdbsuccesstext&action=edit unlockdbsuccesstext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unlockdbsuccesstext|Talk]] </td><td> The database has been unlocked. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdbtext&action=edit unlockdbtext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unlockdbtext|Talk]] </td><td> Unlocking the database will restore the ability of all users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and other things requiring changes in the database. Please confirm that this is what you intend to do. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unprotect&action=edit unprotect]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unprotect|Talk]] </td><td> Unprotect </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unprotectcomment&action=edit unprotectcomment]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unprotectcomment|Talk]] </td><td> Reason for unprotecting </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unprotectedarticle&action=edit unprotectedarticle]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unprotectedarticle|Talk]] </td><td> unprotected &#91;&#91;$1]] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unprotectsub&action=edit unprotectsub]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unprotectsub|Talk]] </td><td> (Unprotecting &quot;$1&quot;) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unprotectthispage&action=edit unprotectthispage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unprotectthispage|Talk]] </td><td> Unprotect this page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unusedimages&action=edit unusedimages]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unusedimages|Talk]] </td><td> Unused images </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unusedimagestext&action=edit unusedimagestext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unusedimagestext|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;p&gt;Please note that other web sites may link to an image with a direct URL, and so may still be listed here despite being in active use. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unwatch&action=edit unwatch]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unwatch|Talk]] </td><td> Unwatch </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unwatchthispage&action=edit unwatchthispage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unwatchthispage|Talk]] </td><td> Stop watching </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Updated&action=edit updated]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Updated|Talk]] </td><td> (Updated) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Upload&action=edit upload]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Upload|Talk]] </td><td> Upload file </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadbtn&action=edit uploadbtn]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadbtn|Talk]] </td><td> Upload file </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploaddisabled&action=edit uploaddisabled]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploaddisabled|Talk]] </td><td> Sorry, uploading is disabled. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadedfiles&action=edit uploadedfiles]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadedfiles|Talk]] </td><td> Uploaded files </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadedimage&action=edit uploadedimage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadedimage|Talk]] </td><td> uploaded &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploaderror&action=edit uploaderror]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploaderror|Talk]] </td><td> Upload error </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadfile&action=edit uploadfile]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadfile|Talk]] </td><td> Upload images, sounds, documents etc. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlink&action=edit uploadlink]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadlink|Talk]] </td><td> Upload images </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlog&action=edit uploadlog]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadlog|Talk]] </td><td> upload log </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlogpage&action=edit uploadlogpage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadlogpage|Talk]] </td><td> Upload_log </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlogpagetext&action=edit uploadlogpagetext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadlogpagetext|Talk]] </td><td> Below is a list of the most recent file uploads. All times shown are server time (UTC). &lt;ul&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadnologin&action=edit uploadnologin]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadnologin|Talk]] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadnologintext&action=edit uploadnologintext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadnologintext|Talk]] </td><td> You must be &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Userlogin&quot;&gt;logged in&lt;/a&gt; to upload files. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadtext&action=edit uploadtext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadtext|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;strong&gt;STOP!&lt;/strong&gt; Before you upload here, make sure to read and follow the &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Image_use_policy&quot;&gt;image use policy&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;p&gt;If a file with the name you are specifying already exists on the wiki, it&#39;ll be replaced without warning. So unless you mean to update a file, it&#39;s a good idea to first check if such a file exists. &lt;p&gt;To view or search previously uploaded images, go to the &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Imagelist&quot;&gt;list of uploaded images&lt;/a&gt;. Uploads and deletions are logged on the &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Wikipedia:Upload_log&quot;&gt;upload log&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Use the form below to upload new image files for use in illustrating your articles. On most browsers, you will see a &quot;Browse...&quot; button, which will bring up your operating system&#39;s standard file open dialog. Choosing a file will fill the name of that file into the text field next to the button. You must also check the box affirming that you are not violating any copyrights by uploading the file. Press the &quot;Upload&quot; button to finish the upload. This may take some time if you have a slow internet connection. &lt;p&gt;The preferred formats are JPEG for photographic images, PNG for drawings and other iconic images, and OGG for sounds. Please name your files descriptively to avoid confusion. To include the image in an article, use a link in the form &lt;b&gt;&#91;&#91;Image:file.jpg]]&lt;/b&gt; or &lt;b&gt;&#91;&#91;Image:file.ogg]]&lt;/b&gt; for sounds. &lt;p&gt;Please note that as with wiki pages, others may edit or delete your uploads if they think it serves the encyclopedia, and you may be blocked from uploading if you abuse the system. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadwarning&action=edit uploadwarning]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadwarning|Talk]] </td><td> Upload warning </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:User_rights_set&action=edit user_rights_set]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:User_rights_set|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;b&gt;User rights for &quot;$1&quot; updated&lt;/b&gt; </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Usercssjs&action=edit usercssjs]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Usercssjs|Talk]] </td><td> &#39;&#39;&#39;Note:&#39;&#39;&#39; After saving, you have to tell your bowser to get the new version: &#39;&#39;&#39;Mozilla:&#39;&#39;&#39; click &#39;&#39;reload&#39;&#39;(or &#39;&#39;ctrl-r&#39;&#39;), &#39;&#39;&#39;IE / Opera:&#39;&#39;&#39; &#39;&#39;ctrl-f5&#39;&#39;, &#39;&#39;&#39;Safari:&#39;&#39;&#39; &#39;&#39;cmd-r&#39;&#39;, &#39;&#39;&#39;Konqueror&#39;&#39;&#39; &#39;&#39;ctrl-r&#39;&#39;. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Usercssjsyoucanpreview&action=edit usercssjsyoucanpreview]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Usercssjsyoucanpreview|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;strong&gt;Tip:&lt;/strong&gt; Use the &#39;Show preview&#39; button to test your new css/js before saving. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Usercsspreview&action=edit usercsspreview]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Usercsspreview|Talk]] </td><td> &#39;&#39;&#39;Remember that you are only previewing your user css, it has not yet been saved!&#39;&#39;&#39; </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userexists&action=edit userexists]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Userexists|Talk]] </td><td> The user name you entered is already in use. Please choose a different name. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userjspreview&action=edit userjspreview]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Userjspreview|Talk]] </td><td> &#39;&#39;&#39;Remember that you are only testing/previewing your user javascript, it has not yet been saved!&#39;&#39;&#39; </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userlogin&action=edit userlogin]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Userlogin|Talk]] </td><td> Log in </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userlogout&action=edit userlogout]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Userlogout|Talk]] </td><td> Log out </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Usermailererror&action=edit usermailererror]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Usermailererror|Talk]] </td><td> Mail object returned error: </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userpage&action=edit userpage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Userpage|Talk]] </td><td> View user page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userstats&action=edit userstats]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Userstats|Talk]] </td><td> User statistics </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userstatstext&action=edit userstatstext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Userstatstext|Talk]] </td><td> There are &#39;&#39;&#39;$1&#39;&#39;&#39; registered users. &#39;&#39;&#39;$2&#39;&#39;&#39; of these are administrators (see $3). </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Version&action=edit version]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Version|Talk]] </td><td> Version </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewcount&action=edit viewcount]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Viewcount|Talk]] </td><td> This page has been accessed $1 times. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewprevnext&action=edit viewprevnext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Viewprevnext|Talk]] </td><td> View ($1) ($2) ($3). </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewsource&action=edit viewsource]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Viewsource|Talk]] </td><td> View source </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewtalkpage&action=edit viewtalkpage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Viewtalkpage|Talk]] </td><td> View discussion </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wantedpages&action=edit wantedpages]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Wantedpages|Talk]] </td><td> Wanted pages </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watch&action=edit watch]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watch|Talk]] </td><td> Watch </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchdetails&action=edit watchdetails]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchdetails|Talk]] </td><td> ($1 pages watched not counting talk pages; $2 total pages edited since cutoff; $3... &lt;a href=&#39;$4&#39;&gt;show and edit complete list&lt;/a&gt;.) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watcheditlist&action=edit watcheditlist]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watcheditlist|Talk]] </td><td> Here&#39;s an alphabetical list of your watched pages. Check the boxes of pages you want to remove from your watchlist and click the &#39;remove checked&#39; button at the bottom of the screen. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchlist&action=edit watchlist]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchlist|Talk]] </td><td> My watchlist </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchlistcontains&action=edit watchlistcontains]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchlistcontains|Talk]] </td><td> Your watchlist contains $1 pages. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchlistsub&action=edit watchlistsub]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchlistsub|Talk]] </td><td> (for user &quot;$1&quot;) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchmethod-list&action=edit watchmethod-list]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchmethod-list|Talk]] </td><td> checking watched pages for recent edits </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchmethod-recent&action=edit watchmethod-recent]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchmethod-recent|Talk]] </td><td> checking recent edits for watched pages </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchnochange&action=edit watchnochange]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchnochange|Talk]] </td><td> None of your watched items were edited in the time period displayed. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchnologin&action=edit watchnologin]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchnologin|Talk]] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchnologintext&action=edit watchnologintext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchnologintext|Talk]] </td><td> You must be &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Userlogin&quot;&gt;logged in&lt;/a&gt; to modify your watchlist. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchthis&action=edit watchthis]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchthis|Talk]] </td><td> Watch this article </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchthispage&action=edit watchthispage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchthispage|Talk]] </td><td> Watch this page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Welcomecreation&action=edit welcomecreation]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Welcomecreation|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;h2&gt;Welcome, $1!&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Your account has been created. Don&#39;t forget to change your MediaWiki preferences. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whatlinkshere&action=edit whatlinkshere]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Whatlinkshere|Talk]] </td><td> What links here </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistacctext&action=edit whitelistacctext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Whitelistacctext|Talk]] </td><td> To be allowed to create accounts in this Wiki you have to &#91;&#91;Special:Userlogin&#124;log]] in and have the appropriate permissions. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistacctitle&action=edit whitelistacctitle]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Whitelistacctitle|Talk]] </td><td> You are not allowed to create an account </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistedittext&action=edit whitelistedittext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Whitelistedittext|Talk]] </td><td> You have to &#91;&#91;Special:Userlogin&#124;login]] to edit articles. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistedittitle&action=edit whitelistedittitle]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Whitelistedittitle|Talk]] </td><td> Login required to edit </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistreadtext&action=edit whitelistreadtext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Whitelistreadtext|Talk]] </td><td> You have to &#91;&#91;Special:Userlogin&#124;login]] to read articles. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistreadtitle&action=edit whitelistreadtitle]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Whitelistreadtitle|Talk]] </td><td> Login required to read </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wikipediapage&action=edit wikipediapage]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Wikipediapage|Talk]] </td><td> View meta page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wikititlesuffix&action=edit wikititlesuffix]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Wikititlesuffix|Talk]] </td><td> MediaWiki </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wlnote&action=edit wlnote]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Wlnote|Talk]] </td><td> Below are the last $1 changes in the last &lt;b&gt;$2&lt;/b&gt; hours. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wlsaved&action=edit wlsaved]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Wlsaved|Talk]] </td><td> This is a saved version of your watchlist. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wlshowlast&action=edit wlshowlast]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Wlshowlast|Talk]] </td><td> Show last $1 hours $2 days $3 </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wrong_wfQuery_params&action=edit wrong_wfQuery_params]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Wrong_wfQuery_params|Talk]] </td><td> Incorrect parameters to wfQuery()&lt;br /&gt; Function: $1&lt;br /&gt; Query: $2 </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wrongpassword&action=edit wrongpassword]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Wrongpassword|Talk]] </td><td> The password you entered is incorrect. Please try again. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourdiff&action=edit yourdiff]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Yourdiff|Talk]] </td><td> Differences </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Youremail&action=edit youremail]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Youremail|Talk]] </td><td> Your email* </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourname&action=edit yourname]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Yourname|Talk]] </td><td> Your user name </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yournick&action=edit yournick]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Yournick|Talk]] </td><td> Your nickname (for signatures) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourpassword&action=edit yourpassword]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Yourpassword|Talk]] </td><td> Your password </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourpasswordagain&action=edit yourpasswordagain]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Yourpasswordagain|Talk]] </td><td> Retype password </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourrealname&action=edit yourrealname]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Yourrealname|Talk]] </td><td> Your real name* </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourtext&action=edit yourtext]<br/> [[MediaWiki_talk:Yourtext|Talk]] </td><td> Your text </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr></table> 4340 2004-06-02T09:05:49Z MediaWiki default {{int:allmessagestext}} <table border=1 width=100%><tr><td> '''Name''' </td><td> '''Default text''' </td><td> '''Current text''' </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:1movedto2&action=edit 1movedto2]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:1movedto2|Talk]] </td><td> $1 moved to $2 </td><td> {{int:1movedto2}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:About&action=edit about]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:About|Talk]] </td><td> About </td><td> {{int:About}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Aboutpage&action=edit aboutpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Aboutpage|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:About </td><td> {{int:Aboutpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Aboutwikipedia&action=edit aboutwikipedia]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Aboutwikipedia|Talk]] </td><td> About Wikipedia </td><td> {{int:Aboutwikipedia}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-addsection&action=edit accesskey-addsection]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-addsection|Talk]] </td><td> + </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-addsection}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-anontalk&action=edit accesskey-anontalk]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-anontalk|Talk]] </td><td> n </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-anontalk}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-anonuserpage&action=edit accesskey-anonuserpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-anonuserpage|Talk]] </td><td> . </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-anonuserpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-article&action=edit accesskey-article]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-article|Talk]] </td><td> a </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-article}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-compareselectedversions&action=edit accesskey-compareselectedversions]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-compareselectedversions|Talk]] </td><td> v </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-compareselectedversions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-contributions&action=edit accesskey-contributions]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-contributions|Talk]] </td><td> &amp;lt;accesskey-contributions&amp;gt; </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-contributions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-currentevents&action=edit accesskey-currentevents]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-currentevents|Talk]] </td><td> &amp;lt;accesskey-currentevents&amp;gt; </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-currentevents}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-delete&action=edit accesskey-delete]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-delete|Talk]] </td><td> d </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-delete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-edit&action=edit accesskey-edit]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-edit|Talk]] </td><td> e </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-edit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-emailuser&action=edit accesskey-emailuser]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-emailuser|Talk]] </td><td> &amp;lt;accesskey-emailuser&amp;gt; </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-emailuser}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-help&action=edit accesskey-help]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-help|Talk]] </td><td> &amp;lt;accesskey-help&amp;gt; </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-help}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-history&action=edit accesskey-history]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-history|Talk]] </td><td> h </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-history}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-login&action=edit accesskey-login]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-login|Talk]] </td><td> o </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-login}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-logout&action=edit accesskey-logout]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-logout|Talk]] </td><td> o </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-logout}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-mainpage&action=edit accesskey-mainpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-mainpage|Talk]] </td><td> z </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-mainpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-minoredit&action=edit accesskey-minoredit]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-minoredit|Talk]] </td><td> i </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-minoredit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-move&action=edit accesskey-move]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-move|Talk]] </td><td> m </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-move}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-mycontris&action=edit accesskey-mycontris]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-mycontris|Talk]] </td><td> y </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-mycontris}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-mytalk&action=edit accesskey-mytalk]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-mytalk|Talk]] </td><td> n </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-mytalk}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-portal&action=edit accesskey-portal]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-portal|Talk]] </td><td> &amp;lt;accesskey-portal&amp;gt; </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-portal}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-preferences&action=edit accesskey-preferences]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-preferences|Talk]] </td><td> &amp;lt;accesskey-preferences&amp;gt; </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-preferences}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-preview&action=edit accesskey-preview]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-preview|Talk]] </td><td> p </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-preview}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-protect&action=edit accesskey-protect]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-protect|Talk]] </td><td> = </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-protect}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-randompage&action=edit accesskey-randompage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-randompage|Talk]] </td><td> x </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-randompage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-recentchanges&action=edit accesskey-recentchanges]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-recentchanges|Talk]] </td><td> r </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-recentchanges}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-recentchangeslinked&action=edit accesskey-recentchangeslinked]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-recentchangeslinked|Talk]] </td><td> c </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-recentchangeslinked}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-save&action=edit accesskey-save]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-save|Talk]] </td><td> s </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-save}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-search&action=edit accesskey-search]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-search|Talk]] </td><td> f </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-search}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-sitesupport&action=edit accesskey-sitesupport]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-sitesupport|Talk]] </td><td> &amp;lt;accesskey-sitesupport&amp;gt; </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-sitesupport}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-specialpage&action=edit accesskey-specialpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-specialpage|Talk]] </td><td> &amp;lt;accesskey-specialpage&amp;gt; </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-specialpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-specialpages&action=edit accesskey-specialpages]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-specialpages|Talk]] </td><td> q </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-specialpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-talk&action=edit accesskey-talk]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-talk|Talk]] </td><td> t </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-talk}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-undelete&action=edit accesskey-undelete]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-undelete|Talk]] </td><td> d </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-undelete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-unwatch&action=edit accesskey-unwatch]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-unwatch|Talk]] </td><td> w </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-unwatch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-upload&action=edit accesskey-upload]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-upload|Talk]] </td><td> u </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-upload}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-userpage&action=edit accesskey-userpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-userpage|Talk]] </td><td> . </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-userpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-viewsource&action=edit accesskey-viewsource]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-viewsource|Talk]] </td><td> e </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-viewsource}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-watch&action=edit accesskey-watch]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-watch|Talk]] </td><td> w </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-watch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-watchlist&action=edit accesskey-watchlist]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-watchlist|Talk]] </td><td> l </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-watchlist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-whatlinkshere&action=edit accesskey-whatlinkshere]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-whatlinkshere|Talk]] </td><td> b </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-whatlinkshere}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accmailtext&action=edit accmailtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accmailtext|Talk]] </td><td> The Password for &#39;$1&#39; has been sent to $2. </td><td> {{int:Accmailtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accmailtitle&action=edit accmailtitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accmailtitle|Talk]] </td><td> Password sent. </td><td> {{int:Accmailtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Actioncomplete&action=edit actioncomplete]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Actioncomplete|Talk]] </td><td> Action complete </td><td> {{int:Actioncomplete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Addedwatch&action=edit addedwatch]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Addedwatch|Talk]] </td><td> Added to watchlist </td><td> {{int:Addedwatch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Addedwatchtext&action=edit addedwatchtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Addedwatchtext|Talk]] </td><td> The page &quot;$1&quot; has been added to your &#91;&#91;Special:Watchlist&#124;watchlist]]. Future changes to this page and its associated Talk page will be listed there, and the page will appear &#39;&#39;&#39;bolded&#39;&#39;&#39; in the &#91;&#91;Special:Recentchanges&#124;list of recent changes]] to make it easier to pick out. &lt;p&gt;If you want to remove the page from your watchlist later, click &quot;Stop watching&quot; in the sidebar. </td><td> {{int:Addedwatchtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Addsection&action=edit addsection]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Addsection|Talk]] </td><td> + </td><td> {{int:Addsection}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Administrators&action=edit administrators]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Administrators|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:Administrators </td><td> {{int:Administrators}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Affirmation&action=edit affirmation]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Affirmation|Talk]] </td><td> I affirm that the copyright holder of this file agrees to license it under the terms of the $1. </td><td> {{int:Affirmation}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:All&action=edit all]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:All|Talk]] </td><td> all </td><td> {{int:All}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Allmessages&action=edit allmessages]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Allmessages|Talk]] </td><td> All system messages </td><td> {{int:Allmessages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Allmessagestext&action=edit allmessagestext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Allmessagestext|Talk]] </td><td> This is a list of all system messages available in the MediaWiki: namespace. </td><td> {{int:Allmessagestext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Allpages&action=edit allpages]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Allpages|Talk]] </td><td> All pages </td><td> {{int:Allpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Alphaindexline&action=edit alphaindexline]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Alphaindexline|Talk]] </td><td> $1 to $2 </td><td> {{int:Alphaindexline}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Alreadyloggedin&action=edit alreadyloggedin]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Alreadyloggedin|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;font color=red&gt;&lt;b&gt;User $1, you are already logged in!&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt; </td><td> {{int:Alreadyloggedin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Alreadyrolled&action=edit alreadyrolled]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Alreadyrolled|Talk]] </td><td> Cannot rollback last edit of &#91;&#91;$1]] by &#91;&#91;User:$2&#124;$2]] (&#91;&#91;User talk:$2&#124;Talk]]); someone else has edited or rolled back the page already. Last edit was by &#91;&#91;User:$3&#124;$3]] (&#91;&#91;User talk:$3&#124;Talk]]). </td><td> {{int:Alreadyrolled}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ancientpages&action=edit ancientpages]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ancientpages|Talk]] </td><td> Oldest pages </td><td> {{int:Ancientpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:And&action=edit and]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:And|Talk]] </td><td> and </td><td> {{int:And}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Anontalk&action=edit anontalk]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Anontalk|Talk]] </td><td> Talk for this IP </td><td> {{int:Anontalk}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Anontalkpagetext&action=edit anontalkpagetext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Anontalkpagetext|Talk]] </td><td> ----&#39;&#39;This is the discussion page for an anonymous user who has not created an account yet or who does not use it. We therefore have to use the numerical &#91;&#91;IP address]] to identify him/her. Such an IP address can be shared by several users. If you are an anonymous user and feel that irrelevant comments have been directed at you, please &#91;&#91;Special:Userlogin&#124;create an account or log in]] to avoid future confusion with other anonymous users.&#39;&#39; </td><td> {{int:Anontalkpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Anonymous&action=edit anonymous]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Anonymous|Talk]] </td><td> Anonymous user(s) of Wikipedia </td><td> {{int:Anonymous}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Article&action=edit article]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Article|Talk]] </td><td> Content page </td><td> {{int:Article}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Articleexists&action=edit articleexists]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Articleexists|Talk]] </td><td> A page of that name already exists, or the name you have chosen is not valid. Please choose another name. </td><td> {{int:Articleexists}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Articlepage&action=edit articlepage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Articlepage|Talk]] </td><td> View content page </td><td> {{int:Articlepage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Asksql&action=edit asksql]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Asksql|Talk]] </td><td> SQL query </td><td> {{int:Asksql}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Asksqltext&action=edit asksqltext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Asksqltext|Talk]] </td><td> Use the form below to make a direct query of the database. Use single quotes (&#39;like this&#39;) to delimit string literals. This can often add considerable load to the server, so please use this function sparingly. </td><td> {{int:Asksqltext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Autoblocker&action=edit autoblocker]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Autoblocker|Talk]] </td><td> Autoblocked because you share an IP address with &quot;$1&quot;. Reason &quot;$2&quot;. </td><td> {{int:Autoblocker}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badarticleerror&action=edit badarticleerror]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Badarticleerror|Talk]] </td><td> This action cannot be performed on this page. </td><td> {{int:Badarticleerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badfilename&action=edit badfilename]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Badfilename|Talk]] </td><td> Image name has been changed to &quot;$1&quot;. </td><td> {{int:Badfilename}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badfiletype&action=edit badfiletype]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Badfiletype|Talk]] </td><td> &quot;.$1&quot; is not a recommended image file format. </td><td> {{int:Badfiletype}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badipaddress&action=edit badipaddress]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Badipaddress|Talk]] </td><td> Invalid IP address </td><td> {{int:Badipaddress}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badquery&action=edit badquery]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Badquery|Talk]] </td><td> Badly formed search query </td><td> {{int:Badquery}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badquerytext&action=edit badquerytext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Badquerytext|Talk]] </td><td> We could not process your query. This is probably because you have attempted to search for a word fewer than three letters long, which is not yet supported. It could also be that you have mistyped the expression, for example &quot;fish and and scales&quot;. Please try another query. </td><td> {{int:Badquerytext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badretype&action=edit badretype]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Badretype|Talk]] </td><td> The passwords you entered do not match. </td><td> {{int:Badretype}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badtitle&action=edit badtitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Badtitle|Talk]] </td><td> Bad title </td><td> {{int:Badtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badtitletext&action=edit badtitletext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Badtitletext|Talk]] </td><td> The requested page title was invalid, empty, or an incorrectly linked inter-language or inter-wiki title. </td><td> {{int:Badtitletext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blanknamespace&action=edit blanknamespace]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Blanknamespace|Talk]] </td><td> (Main) </td><td> {{int:Blanknamespace}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockedtext&action=edit blockedtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Blockedtext|Talk]] </td><td> Your user name or IP address has been blocked by $1. The reason given is this:&lt;br /&gt;&#39;&#39;$2&#39;&#39;&lt;p&gt;You may contact $1 or one of the other &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:Administrators&#124;administrators]] to discuss the block. Note that you may not use the &quot;email this user&quot; feature unless you have a valid email address registered in your &#91;&#91;Special:Preferences&#124;user preferences]]. Your IP address is $3. Please include this address in any queries you make. </td><td> {{int:Blockedtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockedtitle&action=edit blockedtitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Blockedtitle|Talk]] </td><td> User is blocked </td><td> {{int:Blockedtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockip&action=edit blockip]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Blockip|Talk]] </td><td> Block user </td><td> {{int:Blockip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockipsuccesssub&action=edit blockipsuccesssub]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Blockipsuccesssub|Talk]] </td><td> Block succeeded </td><td> {{int:Blockipsuccesssub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockipsuccesstext&action=edit blockipsuccesstext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Blockipsuccesstext|Talk]] </td><td> &quot;$1&quot; has been blocked. &lt;br /&gt;See &#91;&#91;Special:Ipblocklist&#124;IP block list]] to review blocks. </td><td> {{int:Blockipsuccesstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockiptext&action=edit blockiptext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Blockiptext|Talk]] </td><td> Use the form below to block write access from a specific IP address or username. This should be done only only to prevent vandalism, and in accordance with &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:Policy&#124;policy]]. Fill in a specific reason below (for example, citing particular pages that were vandalized). </td><td> {{int:Blockiptext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklink&action=edit blocklink]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Blocklink|Talk]] </td><td> block </td><td> {{int:Blocklink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklistline&action=edit blocklistline]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Blocklistline|Talk]] </td><td> $1, $2 blocked $3 (expires $4) </td><td> {{int:Blocklistline}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklogentry&action=edit blocklogentry]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Blocklogentry|Talk]] </td><td> blocked &quot;$1&quot; with an expiry time of $2 </td><td> {{int:Blocklogentry}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklogpage&action=edit blocklogpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Blocklogpage|Talk]] </td><td> Block_log </td><td> {{int:Blocklogpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklogtext&action=edit blocklogtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Blocklogtext|Talk]] </td><td> This is a log of user blocking and unblocking actions. Automatically blocked IP addresses are not be listed. See the &#91;&#91;Special:Ipblocklist&#124;IP block list]] for the list of currently operational bans and blocks. </td><td> {{int:Blocklogtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bold_sample&action=edit bold_sample]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Bold_sample|Talk]] </td><td> Bold text </td><td> {{int:Bold_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bold_tip&action=edit bold_tip]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Bold_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Bold text </td><td> {{int:Bold_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Booksources&action=edit booksources]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Booksources|Talk]] </td><td> Book sources </td><td> {{int:Booksources}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Booksourcetext&action=edit booksourcetext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Booksourcetext|Talk]] </td><td> Below is a list of links to other sites that sell new and used books, and may also have further information about books you are looking for.Wikipedia is not affiliated with any of these businesses, and this list should not be construed as an endorsement. </td><td> {{int:Booksourcetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Brokenredirects&action=edit brokenredirects]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Brokenredirects|Talk]] </td><td> Broken Redirects </td><td> {{int:Brokenredirects}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Brokenredirectstext&action=edit brokenredirectstext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Brokenredirectstext|Talk]] </td><td> The following redirects link to a non-existing pages. </td><td> {{int:Brokenredirectstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bugreports&action=edit bugreports]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Bugreports|Talk]] </td><td> Bug reports </td><td> {{int:Bugreports}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bugreportspage&action=edit bugreportspage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Bugreportspage|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:Bug_reports </td><td> {{int:Bugreportspage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bureaucratlog&action=edit bureaucratlog]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Bureaucratlog|Talk]] </td><td> Bureaucrat_log </td><td> {{int:Bureaucratlog}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bureaucratlogentry&action=edit bureaucratlogentry]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Bureaucratlogentry|Talk]] </td><td> Rights for user &quot;$1&quot; set &quot;$2&quot; </td><td> {{int:Bureaucratlogentry}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bureaucrattext&action=edit bureaucrattext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Bureaucrattext|Talk]] </td><td> The action you have requested can only be performed by sysops with &quot;bureaucrat&quot; status. </td><td> {{int:Bureaucrattext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bureaucrattitle&action=edit bureaucrattitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Bureaucrattitle|Talk]] </td><td> Bureaucrat access required </td><td> {{int:Bureaucrattitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bydate&action=edit bydate]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Bydate|Talk]] </td><td> by date </td><td> {{int:Bydate}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Byname&action=edit byname]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Byname|Talk]] </td><td> by name </td><td> {{int:Byname}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bysize&action=edit bysize]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Bysize|Talk]] </td><td> by size </td><td> {{int:Bysize}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cachederror&action=edit cachederror]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Cachederror|Talk]] </td><td> The following is a cached copy of the requested page, and may not be up to date. </td><td> {{int:Cachederror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cancel&action=edit cancel]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Cancel|Talk]] </td><td> Cancel </td><td> {{int:Cancel}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cannotdelete&action=edit cannotdelete]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Cannotdelete|Talk]] </td><td> Could not delete the page or image specified. (It may have already been deleted by someone else.) </td><td> {{int:Cannotdelete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cantrollback&action=edit cantrollback]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Cantrollback|Talk]] </td><td> Cannot revert edit; last contributor is only author of this page. </td><td> {{int:Cantrollback}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Categories&action=edit categories]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Categories|Talk]] </td><td> Categories </td><td> {{int:Categories}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Category&action=edit category]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Category|Talk]] </td><td> category </td><td> {{int:Category}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Category_header&action=edit category_header]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Category_header|Talk]] </td><td> Articles in category &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> {{int:Category_header}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Changepassword&action=edit changepassword]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Changepassword|Talk]] </td><td> Change password </td><td> {{int:Changepassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Changes&action=edit changes]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Changes|Talk]] </td><td> changes </td><td> {{int:Changes}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Columns&action=edit columns]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Columns|Talk]] </td><td> Columns </td><td> {{int:Columns}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Commentedit&action=edit commentedit]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Commentedit|Talk]] </td><td> (comment) </td><td> {{int:Commentedit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Compareselectedversions&action=edit compareselectedversions]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Compareselectedversions|Talk]] </td><td> Compare selected versions </td><td> {{int:Compareselectedversions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirm&action=edit confirm]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Confirm|Talk]] </td><td> Confirm </td><td> {{int:Confirm}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmcheck&action=edit confirmcheck]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Confirmcheck|Talk]] </td><td> Yes, I really want to delete this. </td><td> {{int:Confirmcheck}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmdelete&action=edit confirmdelete]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Confirmdelete|Talk]] </td><td> Confirm delete </td><td> {{int:Confirmdelete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmdeletetext&action=edit confirmdeletetext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Confirmdeletetext|Talk]] </td><td> You are about to permanently delete a page or image along with all of its history from the database. Please confirm that you intend to do this, that you understand the consequences, and that you are doing this in accordance with &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:Policy]]. </td><td> {{int:Confirmdeletetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmprotect&action=edit confirmprotect]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Confirmprotect|Talk]] </td><td> Confirm protection </td><td> {{int:Confirmprotect}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmprotecttext&action=edit confirmprotecttext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Confirmprotecttext|Talk]] </td><td> Do you really want to protect this page? </td><td> {{int:Confirmprotecttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmunprotect&action=edit confirmunprotect]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Confirmunprotect|Talk]] </td><td> Confirm unprotection </td><td> {{int:Confirmunprotect}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmunprotecttext&action=edit confirmunprotecttext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Confirmunprotecttext|Talk]] </td><td> Do you really want to unprotect this page? </td><td> {{int:Confirmunprotecttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contextchars&action=edit contextchars]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Contextchars|Talk]] </td><td> Characters of context per line </td><td> {{int:Contextchars}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contextlines&action=edit contextlines]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Contextlines|Talk]] </td><td> Lines to show per hit </td><td> {{int:Contextlines}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contribslink&action=edit contribslink]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Contribslink|Talk]] </td><td> contribs </td><td> {{int:Contribslink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contribsub&action=edit contribsub]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Contribsub|Talk]] </td><td> For $1 </td><td> {{int:Contribsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contributions&action=edit contributions]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Contributions|Talk]] </td><td> User contributions </td><td> {{int:Contributions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Copyright&action=edit copyright]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Copyright|Talk]] </td><td> Content is available under $1. </td><td> {{int:Copyright}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Copyrightpage&action=edit copyrightpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Copyrightpage|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:Copyrights </td><td> {{int:Copyrightpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Copyrightpagename&action=edit copyrightpagename]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Copyrightpagename|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia copyright </td><td> {{int:Copyrightpagename}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Copyrightwarning&action=edit copyrightwarning]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Copyrightwarning|Talk]] </td><td> Please note that all contributions to Wikipedia are considered to be released under the GNU Free Documentation License (see $1 for details). If you don&#39;t want your writing to be edited mercilessly and redistributed at will, then don&#39;t submit it here.&lt;br /&gt; You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource. &lt;strong&gt;DO NOT SUBMIT COPYRIGHTED WORK WITHOUT PERMISSION!&lt;/strong&gt; </td><td> {{int:Copyrightwarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Couldntremove&action=edit couldntremove]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Couldntremove|Talk]] </td><td> Couldn&#39;t remove item &#39;$1&#39;... </td><td> {{int:Couldntremove}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Createaccount&action=edit createaccount]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Createaccount|Talk]] </td><td> Create new account </td><td> {{int:Createaccount}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Createaccountmail&action=edit createaccountmail]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Createaccountmail|Talk]] </td><td> by email </td><td> {{int:Createaccountmail}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cur&action=edit cur]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Cur|Talk]] </td><td> cur </td><td> {{int:Cur}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Currentevents&action=edit currentevents]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Currentevents|Talk]] </td><td> Current events </td><td> {{int:Currentevents}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Currentrev&action=edit currentrev]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Currentrev|Talk]] </td><td> Current revision </td><td> {{int:Currentrev}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Databaseerror&action=edit databaseerror]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Databaseerror|Talk]] </td><td> Database error </td><td> {{int:Databaseerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dateformat&action=edit dateformat]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Dateformat|Talk]] </td><td> Date format </td><td> {{int:Dateformat}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dberrortext&action=edit dberrortext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Dberrortext|Talk]] </td><td> A database query syntax error has occurred. This could be because of an illegal search query (see $5), or it may indicate a bug in the software. The last attempted database query was: &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;tt&gt;$1&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt; from within function &quot;&lt;tt&gt;$2&lt;/tt&gt;&quot;. MySQL returned error &quot;&lt;tt&gt;$3: $4&lt;/tt&gt;&quot;. </td><td> {{int:Dberrortext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dberrortextcl&action=edit dberrortextcl]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Dberrortextcl|Talk]] </td><td> A database query syntax error has occurred. The last attempted database query was: &quot;$1&quot; from within function &quot;$2&quot;. MySQL returned error &quot;$3: $4&quot;. </td><td> {{int:Dberrortextcl}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deadendpages&action=edit deadendpages]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Deadendpages|Talk]] </td><td> Dead-end pages </td><td> {{int:Deadendpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Debug&action=edit debug]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Debug|Talk]] </td><td> Debug </td><td> {{int:Debug}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Defaultns&action=edit defaultns]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Defaultns|Talk]] </td><td> Search in these namespaces by default: </td><td> {{int:Defaultns}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Defemailsubject&action=edit defemailsubject]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Defemailsubject|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia e-mail </td><td> {{int:Defemailsubject}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Delete&action=edit delete]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Delete|Talk]] </td><td> Delete </td><td> {{int:Delete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletecomment&action=edit deletecomment]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Deletecomment|Talk]] </td><td> Reason for deletion </td><td> {{int:Deletecomment}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletedarticle&action=edit deletedarticle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Deletedarticle|Talk]] </td><td> deleted &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> {{int:Deletedarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletedtext&action=edit deletedtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Deletedtext|Talk]] </td><td> &quot;$1&quot; has been deleted. See $2 for a record of recent deletions. </td><td> {{int:Deletedtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deleteimg&action=edit deleteimg]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Deleteimg|Talk]] </td><td> del </td><td> {{int:Deleteimg}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletepage&action=edit deletepage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Deletepage|Talk]] </td><td> Delete page </td><td> {{int:Deletepage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletesub&action=edit deletesub]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Deletesub|Talk]] </td><td> (Deleting &quot;$1&quot;) </td><td> {{int:Deletesub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletethispage&action=edit deletethispage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Deletethispage|Talk]] </td><td> Delete this page </td><td> {{int:Deletethispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletionlog&action=edit deletionlog]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Deletionlog|Talk]] </td><td> deletion log </td><td> {{int:Deletionlog}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dellogpage&action=edit dellogpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Dellogpage|Talk]] </td><td> Deletion_log </td><td> {{int:Dellogpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dellogpagetext&action=edit dellogpagetext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Dellogpagetext|Talk]] </td><td> Below is a list of the most recent deletions. All times shown are server time (UTC). &lt;ul&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; </td><td> {{int:Dellogpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Developerspheading&action=edit developerspheading]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Developerspheading|Talk]] </td><td> For developer use only </td><td> {{int:Developerspheading}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Developertext&action=edit developertext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Developertext|Talk]] </td><td> The action you have requested can only be performed by users with &quot;developer&quot; status. See $1. </td><td> {{int:Developertext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Developertitle&action=edit developertitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Developertitle|Talk]] </td><td> Developer access required </td><td> {{int:Developertitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Diff&action=edit diff]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Diff|Talk]] </td><td> diff </td><td> {{int:Diff}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Difference&action=edit difference]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Difference|Talk]] </td><td> (Difference between revisions) </td><td> {{int:Difference}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disambiguations&action=edit disambiguations]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Disambiguations|Talk]] </td><td> Disambiguation pages </td><td> {{int:Disambiguations}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disambiguationspage&action=edit disambiguationspage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Disambiguationspage|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:Links_to_disambiguating_pages </td><td> {{int:Disambiguationspage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disambiguationstext&action=edit disambiguationstext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Disambiguationstext|Talk]] </td><td> The following pages link to a &lt;i&gt;disambiguation page&lt;/i&gt;. They should link to the appropriate topic instead.&lt;br /&gt;A page is treated as dismbiguation if it is linked from $1.&lt;br /&gt;Links from other namespaces are &lt;i&gt;not&lt;/i&gt; listed here. </td><td> {{int:Disambiguationstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disclaimerpage&action=edit disclaimerpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Disclaimerpage|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:General_disclaimer </td><td> {{int:Disclaimerpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disclaimers&action=edit disclaimers]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Disclaimers|Talk]] </td><td> Disclaimers </td><td> {{int:Disclaimers}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Doubleredirects&action=edit doubleredirects]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Doubleredirects|Talk]] </td><td> Double Redirects </td><td> {{int:Doubleredirects}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Doubleredirectstext&action=edit doubleredirectstext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Doubleredirectstext|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;b&gt;Attention:&lt;/b&gt; This list may contain false positives. That usually means there is additional text with links below the first #REDIRECT.&lt;br /&gt; Each row contains links to the first and second redirect, as well as the first line of the second redirect text, usually giving the &quot;real&quot; target page, which the first redirect should point to. </td><td> {{int:Doubleredirectstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Edit&action=edit edit]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Edit|Talk]] </td><td> Edit </td><td> {{int:Edit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editcomment&action=edit editcomment]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Editcomment|Talk]] </td><td> The edit comment was: &quot;&lt;i&gt;$1&lt;/i&gt;&quot;. </td><td> {{int:Editcomment}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editconflict&action=edit editconflict]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Editconflict|Talk]] </td><td> Edit conflict: $1 </td><td> {{int:Editconflict}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editcurrent&action=edit editcurrent]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Editcurrent|Talk]] </td><td> Edit the current version of this page </td><td> {{int:Editcurrent}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Edithelp&action=edit edithelp]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Edithelp|Talk]] </td><td> Editing help </td><td> {{int:Edithelp}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Edithelppage&action=edit edithelppage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Edithelppage|Talk]] </td><td> Help:Editing </td><td> {{int:Edithelppage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editing&action=edit editing]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Editing|Talk]] </td><td> Editing $1 </td><td> {{int:Editing}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editingold&action=edit editingold]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Editingold|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;strong&gt;WARNING: You are editing an out-of-date revision of this page. If you save it, any changes made since this revision will be lost.&lt;/strong&gt; </td><td> {{int:Editingold}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editsection&action=edit editsection]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Editsection|Talk]] </td><td> edit </td><td> {{int:Editsection}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editthispage&action=edit editthispage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Editthispage|Talk]] </td><td> Edit this page </td><td> {{int:Editthispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailflag&action=edit emailflag]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailflag|Talk]] </td><td> Disable e-mail from other users </td><td> {{int:Emailflag}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailforlost&action=edit emailforlost]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailforlost|Talk]] </td><td> Fields marked with a star (*) are optional. Storing an email address enables people to contact you through the website without you having to reveal your email address to them, and it can be used to send you a new password if you forget it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Your real name, if you choose to provide it, will be used for giving you attribution for your work. </td><td> {{int:Emailforlost}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailfrom&action=edit emailfrom]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailfrom|Talk]] </td><td> From </td><td> {{int:Emailfrom}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailmessage&action=edit emailmessage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailmessage|Talk]] </td><td> Message </td><td> {{int:Emailmessage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailpage&action=edit emailpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailpage|Talk]] </td><td> E-mail user </td><td> {{int:Emailpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailpagetext&action=edit emailpagetext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailpagetext|Talk]] </td><td> If this user has entered a valid e-mail address in his or her user preferences, the form below will send a single message. The e-mail address you entered in your user preferences will appear as the &quot;From&quot; address of the mail, so the recipient will be able to reply. </td><td> {{int:Emailpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsend&action=edit emailsend]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailsend|Talk]] </td><td> Send </td><td> {{int:Emailsend}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsent&action=edit emailsent]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailsent|Talk]] </td><td> E-mail sent </td><td> {{int:Emailsent}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsenttext&action=edit emailsenttext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailsenttext|Talk]] </td><td> Your e-mail message has been sent. </td><td> {{int:Emailsenttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsubject&action=edit emailsubject]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailsubject|Talk]] </td><td> Subject </td><td> {{int:Emailsubject}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailto&action=edit emailto]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailto|Talk]] </td><td> To </td><td> {{int:Emailto}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailuser&action=edit emailuser]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailuser|Talk]] </td><td> E-mail this user </td><td> {{int:Emailuser}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Enterlockreason&action=edit enterlockreason]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Enterlockreason|Talk]] </td><td> Enter a reason for the lock, including an estimate of when the lock will be released </td><td> {{int:Enterlockreason}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Error&action=edit error]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Error|Talk]] </td><td> Error </td><td> {{int:Error}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Errorpagetitle&action=edit errorpagetitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Errorpagetitle|Talk]] </td><td> Error </td><td> {{int:Errorpagetitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exbeforeblank&action=edit exbeforeblank]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Exbeforeblank|Talk]] </td><td> content before blanking was: </td><td> {{int:Exbeforeblank}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exblank&action=edit exblank]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Exblank|Talk]] </td><td> page was empty </td><td> {{int:Exblank}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Excontent&action=edit excontent]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Excontent|Talk]] </td><td> content was: </td><td> {{int:Excontent}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Explainconflict&action=edit explainconflict]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Explainconflict|Talk]] </td><td> Someone else has changed this page since you started editing it. The upper text area contains the page text as it currently exists. Your changes are shown in the lower text area. You will have to merge your changes into the existing text. &lt;b&gt;Only&lt;/b&gt; the text in the upper text area will be saved when you press &quot;Save page&quot;. &lt;p&gt; </td><td> {{int:Explainconflict}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Export&action=edit export]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Export|Talk]] </td><td> Export pages </td><td> {{int:Export}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exportcuronly&action=edit exportcuronly]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Exportcuronly|Talk]] </td><td> Include only the current revision, not the full history </td><td> {{int:Exportcuronly}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exporttext&action=edit exporttext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Exporttext|Talk]] </td><td> You can export the text and editing history of a particular page or set of pages wrapped in some XML; this can then be imported into another wiki running MediaWiki software, transformed, or just kept for your private amusement. </td><td> {{int:Exporttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Extlink_sample&action=edit extlink_sample]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Extlink_sample|Talk]] </td><td> http&#58;//www.example.com link title </td><td> {{int:Extlink_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Extlink_tip&action=edit extlink_tip]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Extlink_tip|Talk]] </td><td> External link (remember http&#58;// prefix) </td><td> {{int:Extlink_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Faq&action=edit faq]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Faq|Talk]] </td><td> FAQ </td><td> {{int:Faq}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Faqpage&action=edit faqpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Faqpage|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:FAQ </td><td> {{int:Faqpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Feedlinks&action=edit feedlinks]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Feedlinks|Talk]] </td><td> Feed: </td><td> {{int:Feedlinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filecopyerror&action=edit filecopyerror]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Filecopyerror|Talk]] </td><td> Could not copy file &quot;$1&quot; to &quot;$2&quot;. </td><td> {{int:Filecopyerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filedeleteerror&action=edit filedeleteerror]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Filedeleteerror|Talk]] </td><td> Could not delete file &quot;$1&quot;. </td><td> {{int:Filedeleteerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filedesc&action=edit filedesc]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Filedesc|Talk]] </td><td> Summary </td><td> {{int:Filedesc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filename&action=edit filename]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Filename|Talk]] </td><td> Filename </td><td> {{int:Filename}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filenotfound&action=edit filenotfound]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Filenotfound|Talk]] </td><td> Could not find file &quot;$1&quot;. </td><td> {{int:Filenotfound}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filerenameerror&action=edit filerenameerror]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Filerenameerror|Talk]] </td><td> Could not rename file &quot;$1&quot; to &quot;$2&quot;. </td><td> {{int:Filerenameerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filesource&action=edit filesource]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Filesource|Talk]] </td><td> Source </td><td> {{int:Filesource}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filestatus&action=edit filestatus]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Filestatus|Talk]] </td><td> Copyright status </td><td> {{int:Filestatus}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Fileuploaded&action=edit fileuploaded]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Fileuploaded|Talk]] </td><td> File &quot;$1&quot; uploaded successfully. Please follow this link: $2 to the description page and fill in information about the file, such as where it came from, when it was created and by whom, and anything else you may know about it. </td><td> {{int:Fileuploaded}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Formerror&action=edit formerror]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Formerror|Talk]] </td><td> Error: could not submit form </td><td> {{int:Formerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Fromwikipedia&action=edit fromwikipedia]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Fromwikipedia|Talk]] </td><td> From Wikipedia </td><td> {{int:Fromwikipedia}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Getimagelist&action=edit getimagelist]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Getimagelist|Talk]] </td><td> fetching image list </td><td> {{int:Getimagelist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Go&action=edit go]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Go|Talk]] </td><td> Go </td><td> {{int:Go}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Googlesearch&action=edit googlesearch]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Googlesearch|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;!-- SiteSearch Google --&gt; &lt;FORM method=GET action=&quot;http&#58;//www.google.com/search&quot;&gt; &lt;TABLE bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFFF&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;A HREF=&quot;http&#58;//www.google.com/&quot;&gt; &lt;IMG SRC=&quot;http&#58;//www.google.com/logos/Logo_40wht.gif&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; ALT=&quot;Google&quot;&gt;&lt;/A&gt; &lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;INPUT TYPE=text name=q size=31 maxlength=255 value=&quot;$1&quot;&gt; &lt;INPUT type=submit name=btnG VALUE=&quot;Google Search&quot;&gt; &lt;font size=-1&gt; &lt;input type=hidden name=domains value=&quot;{{SERVER}}&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;input type=radio name=sitesearch value=&quot;&quot;&gt; WWW &lt;input type=radio name=sitesearch value=&quot;{{SERVER}}&quot; checked&gt; {{SERVER}} &lt;br /&gt; &lt;input type=&#39;hidden&#39; name=&#39;ie&#39; value=&#39;$2&#39;&gt; &lt;input type=&#39;hidden&#39; name=&#39;oe&#39; value=&#39;$2&#39;&gt; &lt;/font&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt; &lt;/FORM&gt; &lt;!-- SiteSearch Google --&gt; </td><td> {{int:Googlesearch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Guesstimezone&action=edit guesstimezone]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Guesstimezone|Talk]] </td><td> Fill in from browser </td><td> {{int:Guesstimezone}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Headline_sample&action=edit headline_sample]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Headline_sample|Talk]] </td><td> Headline text </td><td> {{int:Headline_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Headline_tip&action=edit headline_tip]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Headline_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Level 2 headline </td><td> {{int:Headline_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Help&action=edit help]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Help|Talk]] </td><td> Help </td><td> {{int:Help}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Helppage&action=edit helppage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Helppage|Talk]] </td><td> Help:Contents </td><td> {{int:Helppage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hide&action=edit hide]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Hide|Talk]] </td><td> hide </td><td> {{int:Hide}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hidetoc&action=edit hidetoc]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Hidetoc|Talk]] </td><td> hide </td><td> {{int:Hidetoc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hist&action=edit hist]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Hist|Talk]] </td><td> hist </td><td> {{int:Hist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Histlegend&action=edit histlegend]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Histlegend|Talk]] </td><td> Diff selection: mark the radio boxes of the versions to compare and hit enter or the button at the bottom.&lt;br/&gt; Legend: (cur) = difference with current version, (last) = difference with preceding version, M = minor edit. </td><td> {{int:Histlegend}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:History&action=edit history]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:History|Talk]] </td><td> Page history </td><td> {{int:History}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:History_short&action=edit history_short]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:History_short|Talk]] </td><td> History </td><td> {{int:History_short}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Historywarning&action=edit historywarning]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Historywarning|Talk]] </td><td> Warning: The page you are about to delete has a history: </td><td> {{int:Historywarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hr_tip&action=edit hr_tip]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Hr_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Horizontal line (use sparingly) </td><td> {{int:Hr_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ignorewarning&action=edit ignorewarning]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ignorewarning|Talk]] </td><td> Ignore warning and save file anyway. </td><td> {{int:Ignorewarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ilshowmatch&action=edit ilshowmatch]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ilshowmatch|Talk]] </td><td> Show all images with names matching </td><td> {{int:Ilshowmatch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ilsubmit&action=edit ilsubmit]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ilsubmit|Talk]] </td><td> Search </td><td> {{int:Ilsubmit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Image_sample&action=edit image_sample]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Image_sample|Talk]] </td><td> Example.jpg </td><td> {{int:Image_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Image_tip&action=edit image_tip]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Image_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Embedded image </td><td> {{int:Image_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagelinks&action=edit imagelinks]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Imagelinks|Talk]] </td><td> Image links </td><td> {{int:Imagelinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagelist&action=edit imagelist]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Imagelist|Talk]] </td><td> Image list </td><td> {{int:Imagelist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagelisttext&action=edit imagelisttext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Imagelisttext|Talk]] </td><td> Below is a list of $1 images sorted $2. </td><td> {{int:Imagelisttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagepage&action=edit imagepage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Imagepage|Talk]] </td><td> View image page </td><td> {{int:Imagepage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagereverted&action=edit imagereverted]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Imagereverted|Talk]] </td><td> Revert to earlier version was successful. </td><td> {{int:Imagereverted}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imgdelete&action=edit imgdelete]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Imgdelete|Talk]] </td><td> del </td><td> {{int:Imgdelete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imgdesc&action=edit imgdesc]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Imgdesc|Talk]] </td><td> desc </td><td> {{int:Imgdesc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imghistlegend&action=edit imghistlegend]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Imghistlegend|Talk]] </td><td> Legend: (cur) = this is the current image, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Click on date to see image uploaded on that date&lt;/i&gt;. </td><td> {{int:Imghistlegend}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imghistory&action=edit imghistory]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Imghistory|Talk]] </td><td> Image history </td><td> {{int:Imghistory}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imglegend&action=edit imglegend]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Imglegend|Talk]] </td><td> Legend: (desc) = show/edit image description. </td><td> {{int:Imglegend}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Import&action=edit import]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Import|Talk]] </td><td> Import pages </td><td> {{int:Import}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Importfailed&action=edit importfailed]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Importfailed|Talk]] </td><td> Import failed: $1 </td><td> {{int:Importfailed}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Importhistoryconflict&action=edit importhistoryconflict]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Importhistoryconflict|Talk]] </td><td> Conflicting history revision exists (may have imported this page before) </td><td> {{int:Importhistoryconflict}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Importnotext&action=edit importnotext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Importnotext|Talk]] </td><td> Empty or no text </td><td> {{int:Importnotext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Importsuccess&action=edit importsuccess]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Importsuccess|Talk]] </td><td> Import succeeded! </td><td> {{int:Importsuccess}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Importtext&action=edit importtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Importtext|Talk]] </td><td> Please export the file from the source wiki using the Special:Export utility, save it to your disk and upload it here. </td><td> {{int:Importtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Infobox&action=edit infobox]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Infobox|Talk]] </td><td> Click a button to get an example text </td><td> {{int:Infobox}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Infobox_alert&action=edit infobox_alert]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Infobox_alert|Talk]] </td><td> Please enter the text you want to be formatted.\n It will be shown in the infobox for copy and pasting.\nExample:\n$1\nwill become:\n$2 </td><td> {{int:Infobox_alert}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Internalerror&action=edit internalerror]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Internalerror|Talk]] </td><td> Internal error </td><td> {{int:Internalerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Intl&action=edit intl]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Intl|Talk]] </td><td> Interlanguage links </td><td> {{int:Intl}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ip_range_invalid&action=edit ip_range_invalid]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ip_range_invalid|Talk]] </td><td> Invalid IP range. </td><td> {{int:Ip_range_invalid}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipaddress&action=edit ipaddress]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ipaddress|Talk]] </td><td> IP Address/username </td><td> {{int:Ipaddress}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipb_expiry_invalid&action=edit ipb_expiry_invalid]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ipb_expiry_invalid|Talk]] </td><td> Expiry time invalid. </td><td> {{int:Ipb_expiry_invalid}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipbexpiry&action=edit ipbexpiry]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ipbexpiry|Talk]] </td><td> Expiry </td><td> {{int:Ipbexpiry}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipblocklist&action=edit ipblocklist]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ipblocklist|Talk]] </td><td> List of blocked IP addresses and usernames </td><td> {{int:Ipblocklist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipbreason&action=edit ipbreason]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ipbreason|Talk]] </td><td> Reason </td><td> {{int:Ipbreason}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipbsubmit&action=edit ipbsubmit]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ipbsubmit|Talk]] </td><td> Block this user </td><td> {{int:Ipbsubmit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipusubmit&action=edit ipusubmit]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ipusubmit|Talk]] </td><td> Unblock this address </td><td> {{int:Ipusubmit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipusuccess&action=edit ipusuccess]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ipusuccess|Talk]] </td><td> &quot;$1&quot; unblocked </td><td> {{int:Ipusuccess}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Isbn&action=edit isbn]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Isbn|Talk]] </td><td> ISBN </td><td> {{int:Isbn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Isredirect&action=edit isredirect]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Isredirect|Talk]] </td><td> redirect page </td><td> {{int:Isredirect}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Italic_sample&action=edit italic_sample]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Italic_sample|Talk]] </td><td> Italic text </td><td> {{int:Italic_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Italic_tip&action=edit italic_tip]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Italic_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Italic text </td><td> {{int:Italic_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Iteminvalidname&action=edit iteminvalidname]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Iteminvalidname|Talk]] </td><td> Problem with item &#39;$1&#39;, invalid name... </td><td> {{int:Iteminvalidname}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Largefile&action=edit largefile]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Largefile|Talk]] </td><td> It is recommended that images not exceed 100k in size. </td><td> {{int:Largefile}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Last&action=edit last]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Last|Talk]] </td><td> last </td><td> {{int:Last}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lastmodified&action=edit lastmodified]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Lastmodified|Talk]] </td><td> This page was last modified $1. </td><td> {{int:Lastmodified}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lastmodifiedby&action=edit lastmodifiedby]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Lastmodifiedby|Talk]] </td><td> This page was last modified $1 by $2. </td><td> {{int:Lastmodifiedby}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lineno&action=edit lineno]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Lineno|Talk]] </td><td> Line $1: </td><td> {{int:Lineno}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Link_sample&action=edit link_sample]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Link_sample|Talk]] </td><td> Link title </td><td> {{int:Link_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Link_tip&action=edit link_tip]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Link_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Internal link </td><td> {{int:Link_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linklistsub&action=edit linklistsub]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Linklistsub|Talk]] </td><td> (List of links) </td><td> {{int:Linklistsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linkshere&action=edit linkshere]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Linkshere|Talk]] </td><td> The following pages link to here: </td><td> {{int:Linkshere}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linkstoimage&action=edit linkstoimage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Linkstoimage|Talk]] </td><td> The following pages link to this image: </td><td> {{int:Linkstoimage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linktrail&action=edit linktrail]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Linktrail|Talk]] </td><td> /^(&#91;a-z]+)(.*)$/sD </td><td> {{int:Linktrail}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Listform&action=edit listform]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Listform|Talk]] </td><td> list </td><td> {{int:Listform}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Listusers&action=edit listusers]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Listusers|Talk]] </td><td> User list </td><td> {{int:Listusers}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loadhist&action=edit loadhist]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Loadhist|Talk]] </td><td> Loading page history </td><td> {{int:Loadhist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loadingrev&action=edit loadingrev]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Loadingrev|Talk]] </td><td> loading revision for diff </td><td> {{int:Loadingrev}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Localtime&action=edit localtime]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Localtime|Talk]] </td><td> Local time display </td><td> {{int:Localtime}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockbtn&action=edit lockbtn]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Lockbtn|Talk]] </td><td> Lock database </td><td> {{int:Lockbtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockconfirm&action=edit lockconfirm]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Lockconfirm|Talk]] </td><td> Yes, I really want to lock the database. </td><td> {{int:Lockconfirm}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdb&action=edit lockdb]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Lockdb|Talk]] </td><td> Lock database </td><td> {{int:Lockdb}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdbsuccesssub&action=edit lockdbsuccesssub]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Lockdbsuccesssub|Talk]] </td><td> Database lock succeeded </td><td> {{int:Lockdbsuccesssub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdbsuccesstext&action=edit lockdbsuccesstext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Lockdbsuccesstext|Talk]] </td><td> The database has been locked. &lt;br /&gt;Remember to remove the lock after your maintenance is complete. </td><td> {{int:Lockdbsuccesstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdbtext&action=edit lockdbtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Lockdbtext|Talk]] </td><td> Locking the database will suspend the ability of all users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and other things requiring changes in the database. Please confirm that this is what you intend to do, and that you will unlock the database when your maintenance is done. </td><td> {{int:Lockdbtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Locknoconfirm&action=edit locknoconfirm]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Locknoconfirm|Talk]] </td><td> You did not check the confirmation box. </td><td> {{int:Locknoconfirm}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Login&action=edit login]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Login|Talk]] </td><td> Log in </td><td> {{int:Login}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginend&action=edit loginend]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginend|Talk]] </td><td> &amp;nbsp; </td><td> {{int:Loginend}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginerror&action=edit loginerror]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginerror|Talk]] </td><td> Login error </td><td> {{int:Loginerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginpagetitle&action=edit loginpagetitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginpagetitle|Talk]] </td><td> User login </td><td> {{int:Loginpagetitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginproblem&action=edit loginproblem]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginproblem|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;b&gt;There has been a problem with your login.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Try again! </td><td> {{int:Loginproblem}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginprompt&action=edit loginprompt]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginprompt|Talk]] </td><td> You must have cookies enabled to log in to Wikipedia. </td><td> {{int:Loginprompt}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginreqtext&action=edit loginreqtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginreqtext|Talk]] </td><td> You must &#91;&#91;special:Userlogin&#124;login]] to view other pages. </td><td> {{int:Loginreqtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginreqtitle&action=edit loginreqtitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginreqtitle|Talk]] </td><td> Login Required </td><td> {{int:Loginreqtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginsuccess&action=edit loginsuccess]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginsuccess|Talk]] </td><td> You are now logged in to Wikipedia as &quot;$1&quot;. </td><td> {{int:Loginsuccess}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginsuccesstitle&action=edit loginsuccesstitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginsuccesstitle|Talk]] </td><td> Login successful </td><td> {{int:Loginsuccesstitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Logout&action=edit logout]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Logout|Talk]] </td><td> Log out </td><td> {{int:Logout}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Logouttext&action=edit logouttext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Logouttext|Talk]] </td><td> You are now logged out. You can continue to use Wikipedia anonymously, or you can log in again as the same or as a different user. Note that some pages may continue to be displayed as if you were still logged in, until you clear your browser cache </td><td> {{int:Logouttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Logouttitle&action=edit logouttitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Logouttitle|Talk]] </td><td> User logout </td><td> {{int:Logouttitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lonelypages&action=edit lonelypages]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Lonelypages|Talk]] </td><td> Orphaned pages </td><td> {{int:Lonelypages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Longpages&action=edit longpages]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Longpages|Talk]] </td><td> Long pages </td><td> {{int:Longpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Longpagewarning&action=edit longpagewarning]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Longpagewarning|Talk]] </td><td> WARNING: This page is $1 kilobytes long; some browsers may have problems editing pages approaching or longer than 32kb. Please consider breaking the page into smaller sections. </td><td> {{int:Longpagewarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mailerror&action=edit mailerror]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mailerror|Talk]] </td><td> Error sending mail: $1 </td><td> {{int:Mailerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mailmypassword&action=edit mailmypassword]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mailmypassword|Talk]] </td><td> Mail me a new password </td><td> {{int:Mailmypassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mailnologin&action=edit mailnologin]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mailnologin|Talk]] </td><td> No send address </td><td> {{int:Mailnologin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mailnologintext&action=edit mailnologintext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mailnologintext|Talk]] </td><td> You must be &lt;a href=&quot;{{localurl:Special:Userlogin&quot;&gt;logged in&lt;/a&gt; and have a valid e-mail address in your &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Preferences&quot;&gt;preferences&lt;/a&gt; to send e-mail to other users. </td><td> {{int:Mailnologintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mainpage&action=edit mainpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mainpage|Talk]] </td><td> Main Page </td><td> {{int:Mainpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mainpagedocfooter&action=edit mainpagedocfooter]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mainpagedocfooter|Talk]] </td><td> Please see &#91;http&#58;//meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_i18n documentation on customizing the interface] and the &#91;http&#58;//meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_User%27s_Guide User&#39;s Guide] for usage and configuration help. </td><td> {{int:Mainpagedocfooter}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mainpagetext&action=edit mainpagetext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mainpagetext|Talk]] </td><td> Wiki software successfully installed. </td><td> {{int:Mainpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Maintenance&action=edit maintenance]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Maintenance|Talk]] </td><td> Maintenance page </td><td> {{int:Maintenance}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Maintenancebacklink&action=edit maintenancebacklink]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Maintenancebacklink|Talk]] </td><td> Back to Maintenance Page </td><td> {{int:Maintenancebacklink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Maintnancepagetext&action=edit maintnancepagetext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Maintnancepagetext|Talk]] </td><td> This page includes several handy tools for everyday maintenance. Some of these functions tend to stress the database, so please do not hit reload after every item you fixed ;-) </td><td> {{int:Maintnancepagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysop&action=edit makesysop]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Makesysop|Talk]] </td><td> Make a user into a sysop </td><td> {{int:Makesysop}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysopfail&action=edit makesysopfail]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Makesysopfail|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;b&gt;User &quot;$1&quot; could not be made into a sysop. (Did you enter the name correctly?)&lt;/b&gt; </td><td> {{int:Makesysopfail}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysopname&action=edit makesysopname]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Makesysopname|Talk]] </td><td> Name of the user: </td><td> {{int:Makesysopname}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysopok&action=edit makesysopok]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Makesysopok|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;b&gt;User &quot;$1&quot; is now a sysop&lt;/b&gt; </td><td> {{int:Makesysopok}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysopsubmit&action=edit makesysopsubmit]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Makesysopsubmit|Talk]] </td><td> Make this user into a sysop </td><td> {{int:Makesysopsubmit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysoptext&action=edit makesysoptext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Makesysoptext|Talk]] </td><td> This form is used by bureaucrats to turn ordinary users into administrators. Type the name of the user in the box and press the button to make the user an administrator </td><td> {{int:Makesysoptext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysoptitle&action=edit makesysoptitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Makesysoptitle|Talk]] </td><td> Make a user into a sysop </td><td> {{int:Makesysoptitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Matchtotals&action=edit matchtotals]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Matchtotals|Talk]] </td><td> The query &quot;$1&quot; matched $2 page titles and the text of $3 pages. </td><td> {{int:Matchtotals}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math&action=edit math]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Math|Talk]] </td><td> Rendering math </td><td> {{int:Math}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_bad_output&action=edit math_bad_output]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_bad_output|Talk]] </td><td> Can&#39;t write to or create math output directory </td><td> {{int:Math_bad_output}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_bad_tmpdir&action=edit math_bad_tmpdir]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_bad_tmpdir|Talk]] </td><td> Can&#39;t write to or create math temp directory </td><td> {{int:Math_bad_tmpdir}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_failure&action=edit math_failure]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_failure|Talk]] </td><td> Failed to parse </td><td> {{int:Math_failure}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_image_error&action=edit math_image_error]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_image_error|Talk]] </td><td> PNG conversion failed; check for correct installation of latex, dvips, gs, and convert </td><td> {{int:Math_image_error}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_lexing_error&action=edit math_lexing_error]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_lexing_error|Talk]] </td><td> lexing error </td><td> {{int:Math_lexing_error}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_notexvc&action=edit math_notexvc]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_notexvc|Talk]] </td><td> Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure. </td><td> {{int:Math_notexvc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_sample&action=edit math_sample]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_sample|Talk]] </td><td> Insert formula here </td><td> {{int:Math_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_syntax_error&action=edit math_syntax_error]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_syntax_error|Talk]] </td><td> syntax error </td><td> {{int:Math_syntax_error}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_tip&action=edit math_tip]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Mathematical formula (LaTeX) </td><td> {{int:Math_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_unknown_error&action=edit math_unknown_error]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_unknown_error|Talk]] </td><td> unknown error </td><td> {{int:Math_unknown_error}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_unknown_function&action=edit math_unknown_function]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_unknown_function|Talk]] </td><td> unknown function </td><td> {{int:Math_unknown_function}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Media_sample&action=edit media_sample]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Media_sample|Talk]] </td><td> Example.mp3 </td><td> {{int:Media_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Media_tip&action=edit media_tip]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Media_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Media file link </td><td> {{int:Media_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Minlength&action=edit minlength]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Minlength|Talk]] </td><td> Image names must be at least three letters. </td><td> {{int:Minlength}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Minoredit&action=edit minoredit]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Minoredit|Talk]] </td><td> This is a minor edit </td><td> {{int:Minoredit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Minoreditletter&action=edit minoreditletter]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Minoreditletter|Talk]] </td><td> M </td><td> {{int:Minoreditletter}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mispeelings&action=edit mispeelings]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mispeelings|Talk]] </td><td> Pages with misspellings </td><td> {{int:Mispeelings}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mispeelingspage&action=edit mispeelingspage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mispeelingspage|Talk]] </td><td> List of common misspellings </td><td> {{int:Mispeelingspage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mispeelingstext&action=edit mispeelingstext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mispeelingstext|Talk]] </td><td> The following pages contain a common misspelling, which are listed on $1. The correct spelling might be given (like this). </td><td> {{int:Mispeelingstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missingarticle&action=edit missingarticle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Missingarticle|Talk]] </td><td> The database did not find the text of a page that it should have found, named &quot;$1&quot;. &lt;p&gt;This is usually caused by following an outdated diff or history link to a page that has been deleted. &lt;p&gt;If this is not the case, you may have found a bug in the software. Please report this to an administrator, making note of the URL. </td><td> {{int:Missingarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missingimage&action=edit missingimage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Missingimage|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;b&gt;Missing image&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;$1&lt;/i&gt; </td><td> {{int:Missingimage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missinglanguagelinks&action=edit missinglanguagelinks]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Missinglanguagelinks|Talk]] </td><td> Missing Language Links </td><td> {{int:Missinglanguagelinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missinglanguagelinksbutton&action=edit missinglanguagelinksbutton]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Missinglanguagelinksbutton|Talk]] </td><td> Find missing language links for </td><td> {{int:Missinglanguagelinksbutton}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missinglanguagelinkstext&action=edit missinglanguagelinkstext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Missinglanguagelinkstext|Talk]] </td><td> These pages do &lt;i&gt;not&lt;/i&gt; link to their counterpart in $1. Redirects and subpages are &lt;i&gt;not&lt;/i&gt; shown. </td><td> {{int:Missinglanguagelinkstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Moredotdotdot&action=edit moredotdotdot]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Moredotdotdot|Talk]] </td><td> More... </td><td> {{int:Moredotdotdot}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Move&action=edit move]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Move|Talk]] </td><td> Move </td><td> {{int:Move}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movearticle&action=edit movearticle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Movearticle|Talk]] </td><td> Move page </td><td> {{int:Movearticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movedto&action=edit movedto]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Movedto|Talk]] </td><td> moved to </td><td> {{int:Movedto}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movenologin&action=edit movenologin]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Movenologin|Talk]] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> {{int:Movenologin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movenologintext&action=edit movenologintext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Movenologintext|Talk]] </td><td> You must be a registered user and &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Userlogin&quot;&gt;logged in&lt;/a&gt; to move a page. </td><td> {{int:Movenologintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepage&action=edit movepage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Movepage|Talk]] </td><td> Move page </td><td> {{int:Movepage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepagebtn&action=edit movepagebtn]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Movepagebtn|Talk]] </td><td> Move page </td><td> {{int:Movepagebtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepagetalktext&action=edit movepagetalktext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Movepagetalktext|Talk]] </td><td> The associated talk page, if any, will be automatically moved along with it &#39;&#39;&#39;unless:&#39;&#39;&#39; *You are moving the page across namespaces, *A non-empty talk page already exists under the new name, or *You uncheck the box below. In those cases, you will have to move or merge the page manually if desired. </td><td> {{int:Movepagetalktext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepagetext&action=edit movepagetext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Movepagetext|Talk]] </td><td> Using the form below will rename a page, moving all of its history to the new name. The old title will become a redirect page to the new title. Links to the old page title will not be changed; be sure to &#91;&#91;Special:Maintenance&#124;check]] for double or broken redirects. You are responsible for making sure that links continue to point where they are supposed to go. Note that the page will &#39;&#39;&#39;not&#39;&#39;&#39; be moved if there is already a page at the new title, unless it is empty or a redirect and has no past edit history. This means that you can rename a page back to where it was just renamed from if you make a mistake, and you cannot overwrite an existing page. &lt;b&gt;WARNING!&lt;/b&gt; This can be a drastic and unexpected change for a popular page; please be sure you understand the consequences of this before proceeding. </td><td> {{int:Movepagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movetalk&action=edit movetalk]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Movetalk|Talk]] </td><td> Move &quot;talk&quot; page as well, if applicable. </td><td> {{int:Movetalk}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movethispage&action=edit movethispage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Movethispage|Talk]] </td><td> Move this page </td><td> {{int:Movethispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mycontris&action=edit mycontris]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mycontris|Talk]] </td><td> My contributions </td><td> {{int:Mycontris}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mypage&action=edit mypage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mypage|Talk]] </td><td> My page </td><td> {{int:Mypage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mytalk&action=edit mytalk]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mytalk|Talk]] </td><td> My talk </td><td> {{int:Mytalk}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Navigation&action=edit navigation]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Navigation|Talk]] </td><td> Navigation </td><td> {{int:Navigation}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nbytes&action=edit nbytes]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nbytes|Talk]] </td><td> $1 bytes </td><td> {{int:Nbytes}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nchanges&action=edit nchanges]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nchanges|Talk]] </td><td> $1 changes </td><td> {{int:Nchanges}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newarticle&action=edit newarticle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Newarticle|Talk]] </td><td> (New) </td><td> {{int:Newarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newarticletext&action=edit newarticletext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Newarticletext|Talk]] </td><td> You&#39;ve followed a link to a page that doesn&#39;t exist yet. To create the page, start typing in the box below (see the &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:Help&#124;help page]] for more info). If you are here by mistake, just click your browser&#39;s &#39;&#39;&#39;back&#39;&#39;&#39; button. </td><td> {{int:Newarticletext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newmessages&action=edit newmessages]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Newmessages|Talk]] </td><td> You have $1. </td><td> {{int:Newmessages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newmessageslink&action=edit newmessageslink]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Newmessageslink|Talk]] </td><td> new messages </td><td> {{int:Newmessageslink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpage&action=edit newpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Newpage|Talk]] </td><td> New page </td><td> {{int:Newpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpageletter&action=edit newpageletter]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Newpageletter|Talk]] </td><td> N </td><td> {{int:Newpageletter}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpages&action=edit newpages]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Newpages|Talk]] </td><td> New pages </td><td> {{int:Newpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpassword&action=edit newpassword]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Newpassword|Talk]] </td><td> New password </td><td> {{int:Newpassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newtitle&action=edit newtitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Newtitle|Talk]] </td><td> To new title </td><td> {{int:Newtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newusersonly&action=edit newusersonly]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Newusersonly|Talk]] </td><td> (new users only) </td><td> {{int:Newusersonly}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Next&action=edit next]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Next|Talk]] </td><td> next </td><td> {{int:Next}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nextn&action=edit nextn]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nextn|Talk]] </td><td> next $1 </td><td> {{int:Nextn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nlinks&action=edit nlinks]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nlinks|Talk]] </td><td> $1 links </td><td> {{int:Nlinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noaffirmation&action=edit noaffirmation]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Noaffirmation|Talk]] </td><td> You must affirm that your upload does not violate any copyrights. </td><td> {{int:Noaffirmation}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noarticletext&action=edit noarticletext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Noarticletext|Talk]] </td><td> (There is currently no text in this page) </td><td> {{int:Noarticletext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noblockreason&action=edit noblockreason]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Noblockreason|Talk]] </td><td> You must supply a reason for the block. </td><td> {{int:Noblockreason}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noconnect&action=edit noconnect]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Noconnect|Talk]] </td><td> Sorry! The wiki is experiencing some technical difficulties, and cannot contact the database server. </td><td> {{int:Noconnect}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nocontribs&action=edit nocontribs]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nocontribs|Talk]] </td><td> No changes were found matching these criteria. </td><td> {{int:Nocontribs}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nocookieslogin&action=edit nocookieslogin]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nocookieslogin|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them and try again. </td><td> {{int:Nocookieslogin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nocookiesnew&action=edit nocookiesnew]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nocookiesnew|Talk]] </td><td> The user account was created, but you are not logged in. Wikipedia uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them, then log in with your new username and password. </td><td> {{int:Nocookiesnew}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nocreativecommons&action=edit nocreativecommons]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nocreativecommons|Talk]] </td><td> Creative Commons RDF metadata disabled for this server. </td><td> {{int:Nocreativecommons}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nodb&action=edit nodb]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nodb|Talk]] </td><td> Could not select database $1 </td><td> {{int:Nodb}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nodublincore&action=edit nodublincore]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nodublincore|Talk]] </td><td> Dublin Core RDF metadata disabled for this server. </td><td> {{int:Nodublincore}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noemail&action=edit noemail]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Noemail|Talk]] </td><td> There is no e-mail address recorded for user &quot;$1&quot;. </td><td> {{int:Noemail}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noemailtext&action=edit noemailtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Noemailtext|Talk]] </td><td> This user has not specified a valid e-mail address, or has chosen not to receive e-mail from other users. </td><td> {{int:Noemailtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noemailtitle&action=edit noemailtitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Noemailtitle|Talk]] </td><td> No e-mail address </td><td> {{int:Noemailtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nogomatch&action=edit nogomatch]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nogomatch|Talk]] </td><td> No page with this exact title exists, trying full text search. </td><td> {{int:Nogomatch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nohistory&action=edit nohistory]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nohistory|Talk]] </td><td> There is no edit history for this page. </td><td> {{int:Nohistory}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nolinkshere&action=edit nolinkshere]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nolinkshere|Talk]] </td><td> No pages link to here. </td><td> {{int:Nolinkshere}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nolinkstoimage&action=edit nolinkstoimage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nolinkstoimage|Talk]] </td><td> There are no pages that link to this image. </td><td> {{int:Nolinkstoimage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noname&action=edit noname]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Noname|Talk]] </td><td> You have not specified a valid user name. </td><td> {{int:Noname}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nonefound&action=edit nonefound]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nonefound|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;strong&gt;Note&lt;/strong&gt;: unsuccessful searches are often caused by searching for common words like &quot;have&quot; and &quot;from&quot;, which are not indexed, or by specifying more than one search term (only pages containing all of the search terms will appear in the result). </td><td> {{int:Nonefound}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nospecialpagetext&action=edit nospecialpagetext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nospecialpagetext|Talk]] </td><td> You have requested a special page that is not recognized by the wiki. </td><td> {{int:Nospecialpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchaction&action=edit nosuchaction]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nosuchaction|Talk]] </td><td> No such action </td><td> {{int:Nosuchaction}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchactiontext&action=edit nosuchactiontext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nosuchactiontext|Talk]] </td><td> The action specified by the URL is not recognized by the wiki </td><td> {{int:Nosuchactiontext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchspecialpage&action=edit nosuchspecialpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nosuchspecialpage|Talk]] </td><td> No such special page </td><td> {{int:Nosuchspecialpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchuser&action=edit nosuchuser]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nosuchuser|Talk]] </td><td> There is no user by the name &quot;$1&quot;. Check your spelling, or use the form below to create a new user account. </td><td> {{int:Nosuchuser}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notacceptable&action=edit notacceptable]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Notacceptable|Talk]] </td><td> The wiki server can&#39;t provide data in a format your client can read. </td><td> {{int:Notacceptable}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notanarticle&action=edit notanarticle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Notanarticle|Talk]] </td><td> Not a content page </td><td> {{int:Notanarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notargettext&action=edit notargettext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Notargettext|Talk]] </td><td> You have not specified a target page or user to perform this function on. </td><td> {{int:Notargettext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notargettitle&action=edit notargettitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Notargettitle|Talk]] </td><td> No target </td><td> {{int:Notargettitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Note&action=edit note]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Note|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;strong&gt;Note:&lt;/strong&gt; </td><td> {{int:Note}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notextmatches&action=edit notextmatches]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Notextmatches|Talk]] </td><td> No page text matches </td><td> {{int:Notextmatches}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notitlematches&action=edit notitlematches]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Notitlematches|Talk]] </td><td> No page title matches </td><td> {{int:Notitlematches}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notloggedin&action=edit notloggedin]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Notloggedin|Talk]] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> {{int:Notloggedin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nowatchlist&action=edit nowatchlist]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nowatchlist|Talk]] </td><td> You have no items on your watchlist. </td><td> {{int:Nowatchlist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nowiki_sample&action=edit nowiki_sample]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nowiki_sample|Talk]] </td><td> Insert non-formatted text here </td><td> {{int:Nowiki_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nowiki_tip&action=edit nowiki_tip]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nowiki_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Ignore wiki formatting </td><td> {{int:Nowiki_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-category&action=edit nstab-category]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-category|Talk]] </td><td> Category </td><td> {{int:Nstab-category}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-help&action=edit nstab-help]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-help|Talk]] </td><td> Help </td><td> {{int:Nstab-help}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-image&action=edit nstab-image]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-image|Talk]] </td><td> Image </td><td> {{int:Nstab-image}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-main&action=edit nstab-main]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-main|Talk]] </td><td> Article </td><td> {{int:Nstab-main}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-media&action=edit nstab-media]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-media|Talk]] </td><td> Media </td><td> {{int:Nstab-media}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-mediawiki&action=edit nstab-mediawiki]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-mediawiki|Talk]] </td><td> Message </td><td> {{int:Nstab-mediawiki}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-special&action=edit nstab-special]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-special|Talk]] </td><td> Special </td><td> {{int:Nstab-special}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-template&action=edit nstab-template]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-template|Talk]] </td><td> Template </td><td> {{int:Nstab-template}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-user&action=edit nstab-user]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-user|Talk]] </td><td> User page </td><td> {{int:Nstab-user}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-wp&action=edit nstab-wp]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-wp|Talk]] </td><td> About </td><td> {{int:Nstab-wp}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nviews&action=edit nviews]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nviews|Talk]] </td><td> $1 views </td><td> {{int:Nviews}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ok&action=edit ok]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ok|Talk]] </td><td> OK </td><td> {{int:Ok}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Oldpassword&action=edit oldpassword]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Oldpassword|Talk]] </td><td> Old password </td><td> {{int:Oldpassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Orig&action=edit orig]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Orig|Talk]] </td><td> orig </td><td> {{int:Orig}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Orphans&action=edit orphans]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Orphans|Talk]] </td><td> Orphaned pages </td><td> {{int:Orphans}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Othercontribs&action=edit othercontribs]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Othercontribs|Talk]] </td><td> Based on work by $1. </td><td> {{int:Othercontribs}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Otherlanguages&action=edit otherlanguages]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Otherlanguages|Talk]] </td><td> Other languages </td><td> {{int:Otherlanguages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Pagemovedsub&action=edit pagemovedsub]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Pagemovedsub|Talk]] </td><td> Move succeeded </td><td> {{int:Pagemovedsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Pagemovedtext&action=edit pagemovedtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Pagemovedtext|Talk]] </td><td> Page &quot;&#91;&#91;$1]]&quot; moved to &quot;&#91;&#91;$2]]&quot;. </td><td> {{int:Pagemovedtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Pagetitle&action=edit pagetitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Pagetitle|Talk]] </td><td> $1 - Wikipedia </td><td> {{int:Pagetitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Passwordremindertext&action=edit passwordremindertext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Passwordremindertext|Talk]] </td><td> Someone (probably you, from IP address $1) requested that we send you a new Wikipedia login password. The password for user &quot;$2&quot; is now &quot;$3&quot;. You should log in and change your password now. </td><td> {{int:Passwordremindertext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Passwordremindertitle&action=edit passwordremindertitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Passwordremindertitle|Talk]] </td><td> Password reminder from Wikipedia </td><td> {{int:Passwordremindertitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Passwordsent&action=edit passwordsent]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Passwordsent|Talk]] </td><td> A new password has been sent to the e-mail address registered for &quot;$1&quot;. Please log in again after you receive it. </td><td> {{int:Passwordsent}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Perfcached&action=edit perfcached]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Perfcached|Talk]] </td><td> The following data is cached and may not be completely up to date: </td><td> {{int:Perfcached}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Perfdisabled&action=edit perfdisabled]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Perfdisabled|Talk]] </td><td> Sorry! This feature has been temporarily disabled because it slows the database down to the point that no one can use the wiki. </td><td> {{int:Perfdisabled}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Perfdisabledsub&action=edit perfdisabledsub]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Perfdisabledsub|Talk]] </td><td> Here&#39;s a saved copy from $1: </td><td> {{int:Perfdisabledsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Personaltools&action=edit personaltools]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Personaltools|Talk]] </td><td> Personal tools </td><td> {{int:Personaltools}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Popularpages&action=edit popularpages]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Popularpages|Talk]] </td><td> Popular pages </td><td> {{int:Popularpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Portal&action=edit portal]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Portal|Talk]] </td><td> Community portal </td><td> {{int:Portal}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Portal-url&action=edit portal-url]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Portal-url|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:Community Portal </td><td> {{int:Portal-url}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Postcomment&action=edit postcomment]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Postcomment|Talk]] </td><td> Post a comment </td><td> {{int:Postcomment}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Poweredby&action=edit poweredby]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Poweredby|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia is powered by &#91;http&#58;//www.mediawiki.org/ MediaWiki], an open source wiki engine. </td><td> {{int:Poweredby}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Powersearch&action=edit powersearch]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Powersearch|Talk]] </td><td> Search </td><td> {{int:Powersearch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Powersearchtext&action=edit powersearchtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Powersearchtext|Talk]] </td><td> Search in namespaces :&lt;br /&gt; $1&lt;br /&gt; $2 List redirects &amp;nbsp; Search for $3 $9 </td><td> {{int:Powersearchtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Preferences&action=edit preferences]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Preferences|Talk]] </td><td> Preferences </td><td> {{int:Preferences}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefs-help-userdata&action=edit prefs-help-userdata]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Prefs-help-userdata|Talk]] </td><td> * &lt;strong&gt;Real name&lt;/strong&gt; (optional): if you choose to provide it this will be used for giving you attribution for your work.&lt;br/&gt; * &lt;strong&gt;Email&lt;/strong&gt; (optional): Enables people to contact you through the website without you having to reveal your email address to them, and it can be used to send you a new password if you forget it. </td><td> {{int:Prefs-help-userdata}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefs-misc&action=edit prefs-misc]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Prefs-misc|Talk]] </td><td> Misc settings </td><td> {{int:Prefs-misc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefs-personal&action=edit prefs-personal]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Prefs-personal|Talk]] </td><td> User data </td><td> {{int:Prefs-personal}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefs-rc&action=edit prefs-rc]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Prefs-rc|Talk]] </td><td> Recent changes and stub display </td><td> {{int:Prefs-rc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefslogintext&action=edit prefslogintext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Prefslogintext|Talk]] </td><td> You are logged in as &quot;$1&quot;. Your internal ID number is $2. See &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:User preferences help]] for help deciphering the options. </td><td> {{int:Prefslogintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefsnologin&action=edit prefsnologin]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Prefsnologin|Talk]] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> {{int:Prefsnologin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefsnologintext&action=edit prefsnologintext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Prefsnologintext|Talk]] </td><td> You must be &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Userlogin&quot;&gt;logged in&lt;/a&gt; to set user preferences. </td><td> {{int:Prefsnologintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefsreset&action=edit prefsreset]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Prefsreset|Talk]] </td><td> Preferences have been reset from storage. </td><td> {{int:Prefsreset}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Preview&action=edit preview]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Preview|Talk]] </td><td> Preview </td><td> {{int:Preview}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Previewconflict&action=edit previewconflict]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Previewconflict|Talk]] </td><td> This preview reflects the text in the upper text editing area as it will appear if you choose to save. </td><td> {{int:Previewconflict}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Previewnote&action=edit previewnote]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Previewnote|Talk]] </td><td> Remember that this is only a preview, and has not yet been saved! </td><td> {{int:Previewnote}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prevn&action=edit prevn]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Prevn|Talk]] </td><td> previous $1 </td><td> {{int:Prevn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Printableversion&action=edit printableversion]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Printableversion|Talk]] </td><td> Printable version </td><td> {{int:Printableversion}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Printsubtitle&action=edit printsubtitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Printsubtitle|Talk]] </td><td> (From http&#58;//ln.wikipedia.org) </td><td> {{int:Printsubtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protect&action=edit protect]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Protect|Talk]] </td><td> Protect </td><td> {{int:Protect}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectcomment&action=edit protectcomment]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectcomment|Talk]] </td><td> Reason for protecting </td><td> {{int:Protectcomment}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedarticle&action=edit protectedarticle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectedarticle|Talk]] </td><td> protected &#91;&#91;$1]] </td><td> {{int:Protectedarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedpage&action=edit protectedpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectedpage|Talk]] </td><td> Protected page </td><td> {{int:Protectedpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedpagewarning&action=edit protectedpagewarning]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectedpagewarning|Talk]] </td><td> WARNING: This page has been locked so that only users with sysop privileges can edit it. Be sure you are following the &lt;a href=&#39;/w/wiki.phtml/Wikipedia:Protected_page_guidelines&#39;&gt;protected page guidelines&lt;/a&gt;. </td><td> {{int:Protectedpagewarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedtext&action=edit protectedtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectedtext|Talk]] </td><td> This page has been locked to prevent editing; there are a number of reasons why this may be so, please see &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:Protected page]]. You can view and copy the source of this page: </td><td> {{int:Protectedtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectlogpage&action=edit protectlogpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectlogpage|Talk]] </td><td> Protection_log </td><td> {{int:Protectlogpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectlogtext&action=edit protectlogtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectlogtext|Talk]] </td><td> Below is a list of page locks/unlocks. See &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:Protected page]] for more information. </td><td> {{int:Protectlogtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectpage&action=edit protectpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectpage|Talk]] </td><td> Protect page </td><td> {{int:Protectpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectreason&action=edit protectreason]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectreason|Talk]] </td><td> (give a reason) </td><td> {{int:Protectreason}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectsub&action=edit protectsub]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectsub|Talk]] </td><td> (Protecting &quot;$1&quot;) </td><td> {{int:Protectsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectthispage&action=edit protectthispage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectthispage|Talk]] </td><td> Protect this page </td><td> {{int:Protectthispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Proxyblocker&action=edit proxyblocker]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Proxyblocker|Talk]] </td><td> Proxy blocker </td><td> {{int:Proxyblocker}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Proxyblockreason&action=edit proxyblockreason]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Proxyblockreason|Talk]] </td><td> Your IP address has been blocked because it is an open proxy. Please contact your Internet service provider or tech support and inform them of this serious security problem. </td><td> {{int:Proxyblockreason}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Proxyblocksuccess&action=edit proxyblocksuccess]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Proxyblocksuccess|Talk]] </td><td> Done. </td><td> {{int:Proxyblocksuccess}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbbrowse&action=edit qbbrowse]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Qbbrowse|Talk]] </td><td> Browse </td><td> {{int:Qbbrowse}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbedit&action=edit qbedit]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Qbedit|Talk]] </td><td> Edit </td><td> {{int:Qbedit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbfind&action=edit qbfind]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Qbfind|Talk]] </td><td> Find </td><td> {{int:Qbfind}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbmyoptions&action=edit qbmyoptions]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Qbmyoptions|Talk]] </td><td> My pages </td><td> {{int:Qbmyoptions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbpageinfo&action=edit qbpageinfo]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Qbpageinfo|Talk]] </td><td> Context </td><td> {{int:Qbpageinfo}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbpageoptions&action=edit qbpageoptions]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Qbpageoptions|Talk]] </td><td> This page </td><td> {{int:Qbpageoptions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbsettings&action=edit qbsettings]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Qbsettings|Talk]] </td><td> Quickbar settings </td><td> {{int:Qbsettings}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbspecialpages&action=edit qbspecialpages]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Qbspecialpages|Talk]] </td><td> Special pages </td><td> {{int:Qbspecialpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Querybtn&action=edit querybtn]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Querybtn|Talk]] </td><td> Submit query </td><td> {{int:Querybtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Querysuccessful&action=edit querysuccessful]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Querysuccessful|Talk]] </td><td> Query successful </td><td> {{int:Querysuccessful}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Randompage&action=edit randompage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Randompage|Talk]] </td><td> Random page </td><td> {{int:Randompage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Range_block_disabled&action=edit range_block_disabled]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Range_block_disabled|Talk]] </td><td> The sysop ability to create range blocks is disabled. </td><td> {{int:Range_block_disabled}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rchide&action=edit rchide]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rchide|Talk]] </td><td> in $4 form; $1 minor edits; $2 secondary namespaces; $3 multiple edits. </td><td> {{int:Rchide}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rclinks&action=edit rclinks]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rclinks|Talk]] </td><td> Show last $1 changes in last $2 days&lt;br /&gt;$3 </td><td> {{int:Rclinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rclistfrom&action=edit rclistfrom]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rclistfrom|Talk]] </td><td> Show new changes starting from $1 </td><td> {{int:Rclistfrom}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcliu&action=edit rcliu]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rcliu|Talk]] </td><td> ; $1 edits from logged in users </td><td> {{int:Rcliu}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcloaderr&action=edit rcloaderr]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rcloaderr|Talk]] </td><td> Loading recent changes </td><td> {{int:Rcloaderr}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rclsub&action=edit rclsub]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rclsub|Talk]] </td><td> (to pages linked from &quot;$1&quot;) </td><td> {{int:Rclsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcnote&action=edit rcnote]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rcnote|Talk]] </td><td> Below are the last &lt;strong&gt;$1&lt;/strong&gt; changes in last &lt;strong&gt;$2&lt;/strong&gt; days. </td><td> {{int:Rcnote}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcnotefrom&action=edit rcnotefrom]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rcnotefrom|Talk]] </td><td> Below are the changes since &lt;b&gt;$2&lt;/b&gt; (up to &lt;b&gt;$1&lt;/b&gt; shown). </td><td> {{int:Rcnotefrom}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Readonly&action=edit readonly]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Readonly|Talk]] </td><td> Database locked </td><td> {{int:Readonly}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Readonlytext&action=edit readonlytext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Readonlytext|Talk]] </td><td> The database is currently locked to new entries and other modifications, probably for routine database maintenance, after which it will be back to normal. The administrator who locked it offered this explanation: &lt;p&gt;$1 </td><td> {{int:Readonlytext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Readonlywarning&action=edit readonlywarning]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Readonlywarning|Talk]] </td><td> WARNING: The database has been locked for maintenance, so you will not be able to save your edits right now. You may wish to cut-n-paste the text into a text file and save it for later. </td><td> {{int:Readonlywarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchanges&action=edit recentchanges]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Recentchanges|Talk]] </td><td> Recent changes </td><td> {{int:Recentchanges}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchangescount&action=edit recentchangescount]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Recentchangescount|Talk]] </td><td> Number of titles in recent changes </td><td> {{int:Recentchangescount}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchangeslinked&action=edit recentchangeslinked]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Recentchangeslinked|Talk]] </td><td> Related changes </td><td> {{int:Recentchangeslinked}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchangestext&action=edit recentchangestext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Recentchangestext|Talk]] </td><td> Track the most recent changes to the wiki on this page. </td><td> {{int:Recentchangestext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Redirectedfrom&action=edit redirectedfrom]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Redirectedfrom|Talk]] </td><td> (Redirected from $1) </td><td> {{int:Redirectedfrom}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Remembermypassword&action=edit remembermypassword]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Remembermypassword|Talk]] </td><td> Remember my password across sessions. </td><td> {{int:Remembermypassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removechecked&action=edit removechecked]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Removechecked|Talk]] </td><td> Remove checked items from watchlist </td><td> {{int:Removechecked}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removedwatch&action=edit removedwatch]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Removedwatch|Talk]] </td><td> Removed from watchlist </td><td> {{int:Removedwatch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removedwatchtext&action=edit removedwatchtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Removedwatchtext|Talk]] </td><td> The page &quot;$1&quot; has been removed from your watchlist. </td><td> {{int:Removedwatchtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removingchecked&action=edit removingchecked]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Removingchecked|Talk]] </td><td> Removing requested items from watchlist... </td><td> {{int:Removingchecked}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Resetprefs&action=edit resetprefs]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Resetprefs|Talk]] </td><td> Reset preferences </td><td> {{int:Resetprefs}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Restorelink&action=edit restorelink]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Restorelink|Talk]] </td><td> $1 deleted edits </td><td> {{int:Restorelink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Resultsperpage&action=edit resultsperpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Resultsperpage|Talk]] </td><td> Hits to show per page </td><td> {{int:Resultsperpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Retrievedfrom&action=edit retrievedfrom]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Retrievedfrom|Talk]] </td><td> Retrieved from &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> {{int:Retrievedfrom}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Returnto&action=edit returnto]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Returnto|Talk]] </td><td> Return to $1. </td><td> {{int:Returnto}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Retypenew&action=edit retypenew]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Retypenew|Talk]] </td><td> Retype new password </td><td> {{int:Retypenew}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Reupload&action=edit reupload]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Reupload|Talk]] </td><td> Re-upload </td><td> {{int:Reupload}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Reuploaddesc&action=edit reuploaddesc]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Reuploaddesc|Talk]] </td><td> Return to the upload form. </td><td> {{int:Reuploaddesc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Reverted&action=edit reverted]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Reverted|Talk]] </td><td> Reverted to earlier revision </td><td> {{int:Reverted}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revertimg&action=edit revertimg]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Revertimg|Talk]] </td><td> rev </td><td> {{int:Revertimg}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revertpage&action=edit revertpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Revertpage|Talk]] </td><td> Reverted edit of $2, changed back to last version by $1 </td><td> {{int:Revertpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revhistory&action=edit revhistory]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Revhistory|Talk]] </td><td> Revision history </td><td> {{int:Revhistory}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revisionasof&action=edit revisionasof]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Revisionasof|Talk]] </td><td> Revision as of $1 </td><td> {{int:Revisionasof}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revnotfound&action=edit revnotfound]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Revnotfound|Talk]] </td><td> Revision not found </td><td> {{int:Revnotfound}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revnotfoundtext&action=edit revnotfoundtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Revnotfoundtext|Talk]] </td><td> The old revision of the page you asked for could not be found. Please check the URL you used to access this page. </td><td> {{int:Revnotfoundtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rfcurl&action=edit rfcurl]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rfcurl|Talk]] </td><td> http&#58;//www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc$1.html </td><td> {{int:Rfcurl}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rights&action=edit rights]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rights|Talk]] </td><td> Rights: </td><td> {{int:Rights}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rollback&action=edit rollback]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rollback|Talk]] </td><td> Roll back edits </td><td> {{int:Rollback}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rollback_short&action=edit rollback_short]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rollback_short|Talk]] </td><td> Rollback </td><td> {{int:Rollback_short}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rollbackfailed&action=edit rollbackfailed]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rollbackfailed|Talk]] </td><td> Rollback failed </td><td> {{int:Rollbackfailed}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rollbacklink&action=edit rollbacklink]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rollbacklink|Talk]] </td><td> rollback </td><td> {{int:Rollbacklink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rows&action=edit rows]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rows|Talk]] </td><td> Rows </td><td> {{int:Rows}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Savearticle&action=edit savearticle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Savearticle|Talk]] </td><td> Save page </td><td> {{int:Savearticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Savedprefs&action=edit savedprefs]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Savedprefs|Talk]] </td><td> Your preferences have been saved. </td><td> {{int:Savedprefs}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Savefile&action=edit savefile]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Savefile|Talk]] </td><td> Save file </td><td> {{int:Savefile}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Saveprefs&action=edit saveprefs]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Saveprefs|Talk]] </td><td> Save preferences </td><td> {{int:Saveprefs}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Search&action=edit search]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Search|Talk]] </td><td> Search </td><td> {{int:Search}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchdisabled&action=edit searchdisabled]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Searchdisabled|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;p&gt;Sorry! Full text search has been disabled temporarily, for performance reasons. In the meantime, you can use the Google search below, which may be out of date.&lt;/p&gt; </td><td> {{int:Searchdisabled}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchhelppage&action=edit searchhelppage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Searchhelppage|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:Searching </td><td> {{int:Searchhelppage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchingwikipedia&action=edit searchingwikipedia]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Searchingwikipedia|Talk]] </td><td> Searching Wikipedia </td><td> {{int:Searchingwikipedia}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchquery&action=edit searchquery]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Searchquery|Talk]] </td><td> For query &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> {{int:Searchquery}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchresults&action=edit searchresults]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Searchresults|Talk]] </td><td> Search results </td><td> {{int:Searchresults}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchresultshead&action=edit searchresultshead]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Searchresultshead|Talk]] </td><td> Search result settings </td><td> {{int:Searchresultshead}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchresulttext&action=edit searchresulttext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Searchresulttext|Talk]] </td><td> For more information about searching Wikipedia, see $1. </td><td> {{int:Searchresulttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sectionedit&action=edit sectionedit]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Sectionedit|Talk]] </td><td> (section) </td><td> {{int:Sectionedit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selectnewerversionfordiff&action=edit selectnewerversionfordiff]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Selectnewerversionfordiff|Talk]] </td><td> Select a newer version for comparison </td><td> {{int:Selectnewerversionfordiff}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selectolderversionfordiff&action=edit selectolderversionfordiff]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Selectolderversionfordiff|Talk]] </td><td> Select an older version for comparison </td><td> {{int:Selectolderversionfordiff}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selectonly&action=edit selectonly]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Selectonly|Talk]] </td><td> Only read-only queries are allowed. </td><td> {{int:Selectonly}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selflinks&action=edit selflinks]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Selflinks|Talk]] </td><td> Pages with Self Links </td><td> {{int:Selflinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selflinkstext&action=edit selflinkstext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Selflinkstext|Talk]] </td><td> The following pages contain a link to themselves, which they should not. </td><td> {{int:Selflinkstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Seriousxhtmlerrors&action=edit seriousxhtmlerrors]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Seriousxhtmlerrors|Talk]] </td><td> There were serious xhtml markup errors detected by tidy. </td><td> {{int:Seriousxhtmlerrors}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Servertime&action=edit servertime]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Servertime|Talk]] </td><td> Server time is now </td><td> {{int:Servertime}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Set_rights_fail&action=edit set_rights_fail]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Set_rights_fail|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;b&gt;User rights for &quot;$1&quot; could not be set. (Did you enter the name correctly?)&lt;/b&gt; </td><td> {{int:Set_rights_fail}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Set_user_rights&action=edit set_user_rights]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Set_user_rights|Talk]] </td><td> Set user rights </td><td> {{int:Set_user_rights}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Setbureaucratflag&action=edit setbureaucratflag]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Setbureaucratflag|Talk]] </td><td> Set bureaucrat flag </td><td> {{int:Setbureaucratflag}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Shortpages&action=edit shortpages]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Shortpages|Talk]] </td><td> Short pages </td><td> {{int:Shortpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Show&action=edit show]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Show|Talk]] </td><td> show </td><td> {{int:Show}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showhideminor&action=edit showhideminor]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Showhideminor|Talk]] </td><td> $1 minor edits &#124; $2 bots &#124; $3 logged in users </td><td> {{int:Showhideminor}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showingresults&action=edit showingresults]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Showingresults|Talk]] </td><td> Showing below &lt;b&gt;$1&lt;/b&gt; results starting with #&lt;b&gt;$2&lt;/b&gt;. </td><td> {{int:Showingresults}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showingresultsnum&action=edit showingresultsnum]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Showingresultsnum|Talk]] </td><td> Showing below &lt;b&gt;$3&lt;/b&gt; results starting with #&lt;b&gt;$2&lt;/b&gt;. </td><td> {{int:Showingresultsnum}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showlast&action=edit showlast]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Showlast|Talk]] </td><td> Show last $1 images sorted $2. </td><td> {{int:Showlast}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showpreview&action=edit showpreview]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Showpreview|Talk]] </td><td> Show preview </td><td> {{int:Showpreview}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showtoc&action=edit showtoc]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Showtoc|Talk]] </td><td> show </td><td> {{int:Showtoc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sig_tip&action=edit sig_tip]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Sig_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Your signature with timestamp </td><td> {{int:Sig_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitestats&action=edit sitestats]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Sitestats|Talk]] </td><td> Site statistics </td><td> {{int:Sitestats}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitestatstext&action=edit sitestatstext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Sitestatstext|Talk]] </td><td> There are &#39;&#39;&#39;$1&#39;&#39;&#39; total pages in the database. This includes &quot;talk&quot; pages, pages about Wikipedia, minimal &quot;stub&quot; pages, redirects, and others that probably don&#39;t qualify as content pages. Excluding those, there are &#39;&#39;&#39;$2&#39;&#39;&#39; pages that are probably legitimate content pages. There have been a total of &#39;&#39;&#39;$3&#39;&#39;&#39; page views, and &#39;&#39;&#39;$4&#39;&#39;&#39; page edits since the wiki was setup. That comes to &#39;&#39;&#39;$5&#39;&#39;&#39; average edits per page, and &#39;&#39;&#39;$6&#39;&#39;&#39; views per edit. </td><td> {{int:Sitestatstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitesubtitle&action=edit sitesubtitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Sitesubtitle|Talk]] </td><td> The Free Encyclopedia </td><td> {{int:Sitesubtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitesupport&action=edit sitesupport]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Sitesupport|Talk]] </td><td> Donations </td><td> {{int:Sitesupport}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitetitle&action=edit sitetitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Sitetitle|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia </td><td> {{int:Sitetitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Siteuser&action=edit siteuser]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Siteuser|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia user $1 </td><td> {{int:Siteuser}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Siteusers&action=edit siteusers]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Siteusers|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia user(s) $1 </td><td> {{int:Siteusers}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Skin&action=edit skin]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Skin|Talk]] </td><td> Skin </td><td> {{int:Skin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Spamprotectiontext&action=edit spamprotectiontext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Spamprotectiontext|Talk]] </td><td> The page you wanted to save was blocked by the spam filter. This is probably caused by a link to an external site. You might want to check the following regular expression for patterns that are currently blocked: </td><td> {{int:Spamprotectiontext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Spamprotectiontitle&action=edit spamprotectiontitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Spamprotectiontitle|Talk]] </td><td> Spam protection filter </td><td> {{int:Spamprotectiontitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Specialpage&action=edit specialpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Specialpage|Talk]] </td><td> Special Page </td><td> {{int:Specialpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Specialpages&action=edit specialpages]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Specialpages|Talk]] </td><td> Special pages </td><td> {{int:Specialpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Spheading&action=edit spheading]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Spheading|Talk]] </td><td> Special pages for all users </td><td> {{int:Spheading}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sqlislogged&action=edit sqlislogged]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Sqlislogged|Talk]] </td><td> Please note that all queries are logged. </td><td> {{int:Sqlislogged}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sqlquery&action=edit sqlquery]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Sqlquery|Talk]] </td><td> Enter query </td><td> {{int:Sqlquery}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Statistics&action=edit statistics]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Statistics|Talk]] </td><td> Statistics </td><td> {{int:Statistics}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Storedversion&action=edit storedversion]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Storedversion|Talk]] </td><td> Stored version </td><td> {{int:Storedversion}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Stubthreshold&action=edit stubthreshold]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Stubthreshold|Talk]] </td><td> Threshold for stub display </td><td> {{int:Stubthreshold}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Subcategories&action=edit subcategories]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Subcategories|Talk]] </td><td> Subcategories </td><td> {{int:Subcategories}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Subject&action=edit subject]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Subject|Talk]] </td><td> Subject/headline </td><td> {{int:Subject}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Subjectpage&action=edit subjectpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Subjectpage|Talk]] </td><td> View subject </td><td> {{int:Subjectpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Successfulupload&action=edit successfulupload]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Successfulupload|Talk]] </td><td> Successful upload </td><td> {{int:Successfulupload}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Summary&action=edit summary]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Summary|Talk]] </td><td> Summary </td><td> {{int:Summary}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sysopspheading&action=edit sysopspheading]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Sysopspheading|Talk]] </td><td> For sysop use only </td><td> {{int:Sysopspheading}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sysoptext&action=edit sysoptext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Sysoptext|Talk]] </td><td> The action you have requested can only be performed by users with &quot;sysop&quot; status. See $1. </td><td> {{int:Sysoptext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sysoptitle&action=edit sysoptitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Sysoptitle|Talk]] </td><td> Sysop access required </td><td> {{int:Sysoptitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tableform&action=edit tableform]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tableform|Talk]] </td><td> table </td><td> {{int:Tableform}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talk&action=edit talk]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Talk|Talk]] </td><td> Discussion </td><td> {{int:Talk}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkexists&action=edit talkexists]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Talkexists|Talk]] </td><td> The page itself was moved successfully, but the talk page could not be moved because one already exists at the new title. Please merge them manually. </td><td> {{int:Talkexists}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkpage&action=edit talkpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Talkpage|Talk]] </td><td> Discuss this page </td><td> {{int:Talkpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkpagemoved&action=edit talkpagemoved]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Talkpagemoved|Talk]] </td><td> The corresponding talk page was also moved. </td><td> {{int:Talkpagemoved}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkpagenotmoved&action=edit talkpagenotmoved]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Talkpagenotmoved|Talk]] </td><td> The corresponding talk page was &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; moved. </td><td> {{int:Talkpagenotmoved}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkpagetext&action=edit talkpagetext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Talkpagetext|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;!-- MediaWiki:talkpagetext --&gt; </td><td> {{int:Talkpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Textboxsize&action=edit textboxsize]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Textboxsize|Talk]] </td><td> Textbox dimensions </td><td> {{int:Textboxsize}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Textmatches&action=edit textmatches]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Textmatches|Talk]] </td><td> Page text matches </td><td> {{int:Textmatches}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Thisisdeleted&action=edit thisisdeleted]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Thisisdeleted|Talk]] </td><td> View or restore $1? </td><td> {{int:Thisisdeleted}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Thumbnail-more&action=edit thumbnail-more]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Thumbnail-more|Talk]] </td><td> Enlarge </td><td> {{int:Thumbnail-more}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Timezoneoffset&action=edit timezoneoffset]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Timezoneoffset|Talk]] </td><td> Offset </td><td> {{int:Timezoneoffset}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Timezonetext&action=edit timezonetext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Timezonetext|Talk]] </td><td> Enter number of hours your local time differs from server time (UTC). </td><td> {{int:Timezonetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Titlematches&action=edit titlematches]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Titlematches|Talk]] </td><td> Article title matches </td><td> {{int:Titlematches}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Toc&action=edit toc]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Toc|Talk]] </td><td> Table of contents </td><td> {{int:Toc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Toolbox&action=edit toolbox]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Toolbox|Talk]] </td><td> Toolbox </td><td> {{int:Toolbox}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-addsection&action=edit tooltip-addsection]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-addsection|Talk]] </td><td> Add a comment to this page. &#91;alt-+] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-addsection}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-anontalk&action=edit tooltip-anontalk]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-anontalk|Talk]] </td><td> Discussion about edits from this ip address &#91;alt-n] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-anontalk}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-anonuserpage&action=edit tooltip-anonuserpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-anonuserpage|Talk]] </td><td> The user page for the ip you&#39;re editing as &#91;alt-.] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-anonuserpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-article&action=edit tooltip-article]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-article|Talk]] </td><td> View the content page &#91;alt-a] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-article}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-atom&action=edit tooltip-atom]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-atom|Talk]] </td><td> Atom feed for this page </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-atom}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-compareselectedversions&action=edit tooltip-compareselectedversions]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-compareselectedversions|Talk]] </td><td> See the differences between the two selected versions of this page. &#91;alt-v] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-compareselectedversions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-contributions&action=edit tooltip-contributions]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-contributions|Talk]] </td><td> View the list of contributions of this user </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-contributions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-currentevents&action=edit tooltip-currentevents]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-currentevents|Talk]] </td><td> Find background information on current events </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-currentevents}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-delete&action=edit tooltip-delete]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-delete|Talk]] </td><td> Delete this page &#91;alt-d] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-delete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-edit&action=edit tooltip-edit]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-edit|Talk]] </td><td> You can edit this page. Please use the preview button before saving. &#91;alt-e] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-edit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-emailuser&action=edit tooltip-emailuser]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-emailuser|Talk]] </td><td> Send a mail to this user </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-emailuser}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-help&action=edit tooltip-help]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-help|Talk]] </td><td> The place to find out. </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-help}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-history&action=edit tooltip-history]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-history|Talk]] </td><td> Past versions of this page, &#91;alt-h] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-history}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-login&action=edit tooltip-login]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-login|Talk]] </td><td> You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however. &#91;alt-o] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-login}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-logout&action=edit tooltip-logout]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-logout|Talk]] </td><td> Log out &#91;alt-o] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-logout}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-mainpage&action=edit tooltip-mainpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-mainpage|Talk]] </td><td> Visit the Main Page &#91;alt-z] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-mainpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-minoredit&action=edit tooltip-minoredit]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-minoredit|Talk]] </td><td> Mark this as a minor edit &#91;alt-i] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-minoredit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-move&action=edit tooltip-move]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-move|Talk]] </td><td> Move this page &#91;alt-m] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-move}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-mycontris&action=edit tooltip-mycontris]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-mycontris|Talk]] </td><td> List of my contributions &#91;alt-y] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-mycontris}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-mytalk&action=edit tooltip-mytalk]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-mytalk|Talk]] </td><td> My talk page &#91;alt-n] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-mytalk}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-nomove&action=edit tooltip-nomove]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-nomove|Talk]] </td><td> You don&#39;t have the permissions to move this page </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-nomove}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-portal&action=edit tooltip-portal]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-portal|Talk]] </td><td> About the project, what you can do, where to find things </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-portal}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-preferences&action=edit tooltip-preferences]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-preferences|Talk]] </td><td> My preferences </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-preferences}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-preview&action=edit tooltip-preview]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-preview|Talk]] </td><td> Preview your changes, please use this before saving! &#91;alt-p] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-preview}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-protect&action=edit tooltip-protect]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-protect|Talk]] </td><td> Protect this page &#91;alt-=] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-protect}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-randompage&action=edit tooltip-randompage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-randompage|Talk]] </td><td> Load a random page &#91;alt-x] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-randompage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-recentchanges&action=edit tooltip-recentchanges]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-recentchanges|Talk]] </td><td> The list of recent changes in the wiki. &#91;alt-r] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-recentchanges}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-recentchangeslinked&action=edit tooltip-recentchangeslinked]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-recentchangeslinked|Talk]] </td><td> Recent changes in pages linking to this page &#91;alt-c] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-recentchangeslinked}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-rss&action=edit tooltip-rss]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-rss|Talk]] </td><td> RSS feed for this page </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-rss}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-save&action=edit tooltip-save]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-save|Talk]] </td><td> Save you changes &#91;alt-s] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-save}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-search&action=edit tooltip-search]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-search|Talk]] </td><td> Search this wiki &#91;alt-f] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-search}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-sitesupport&action=edit tooltip-sitesupport]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-sitesupport|Talk]] </td><td> Support Wikipedia </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-sitesupport}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-specialpage&action=edit tooltip-specialpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-specialpage|Talk]] </td><td> This is a special page, you can&#39;t edit the page itself. </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-specialpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-specialpages&action=edit tooltip-specialpages]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-specialpages|Talk]] </td><td> List of all special pages &#91;alt-q] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-specialpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-talk&action=edit tooltip-talk]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-talk|Talk]] </td><td> Discussion about the content page &#91;alt-t] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-talk}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-undelete&action=edit tooltip-undelete]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-undelete|Talk]] </td><td> Restore $1 deleted edits to this page &#91;alt-d] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-undelete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-unwatch&action=edit tooltip-unwatch]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-unwatch|Talk]] </td><td> Remove this page from your watchlist &#91;alt-w] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-unwatch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-upload&action=edit tooltip-upload]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-upload|Talk]] </td><td> Upload images or media files &#91;alt-u] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-upload}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-userpage&action=edit tooltip-userpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-userpage|Talk]] </td><td> My user page &#91;alt-.] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-userpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-viewsource&action=edit tooltip-viewsource]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-viewsource|Talk]] </td><td> This page is protected. You can view it&#39;s source. &#91;alt-e] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-viewsource}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-watch&action=edit tooltip-watch]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-watch|Talk]] </td><td> Add this page to your watchlist &#91;alt-w] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-watch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-watchlist&action=edit tooltip-watchlist]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-watchlist|Talk]] </td><td> The list of pages you&#39;re monitoring for changes. &#91;alt-l] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-watchlist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-whatlinkshere&action=edit tooltip-whatlinkshere]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-whatlinkshere|Talk]] </td><td> List of all wiki pages that link here &#91;alt-b] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-whatlinkshere}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uclinks&action=edit uclinks]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uclinks|Talk]] </td><td> View the last $1 changes; view the last $2 days. </td><td> {{int:Uclinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ucnote&action=edit ucnote]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ucnote|Talk]] </td><td> Below are this user&#39;s last &lt;b&gt;$1&lt;/b&gt; changes in the last &lt;b&gt;$2&lt;/b&gt; days. </td><td> {{int:Ucnote}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uctop&action=edit uctop]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uctop|Talk]] </td><td> (top) </td><td> {{int:Uctop}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblockip&action=edit unblockip]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unblockip|Talk]] </td><td> Unblock user </td><td> {{int:Unblockip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblockiptext&action=edit unblockiptext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unblockiptext|Talk]] </td><td> Use the form below to restore write access to a previously blocked IP address or username. </td><td> {{int:Unblockiptext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblocklink&action=edit unblocklink]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unblocklink|Talk]] </td><td> unblock </td><td> {{int:Unblocklink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblocklogentry&action=edit unblocklogentry]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unblocklogentry|Talk]] </td><td> unblocked &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> {{int:Unblocklogentry}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undelete&action=edit undelete]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Undelete|Talk]] </td><td> Restore deleted page </td><td> {{int:Undelete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undelete_short&action=edit undelete_short]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Undelete_short|Talk]] </td><td> Undelete </td><td> {{int:Undelete_short}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletearticle&action=edit undeletearticle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeletearticle|Talk]] </td><td> Restore deleted page </td><td> {{int:Undeletearticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletebtn&action=edit undeletebtn]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeletebtn|Talk]] </td><td> Restore! </td><td> {{int:Undeletebtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletedarticle&action=edit undeletedarticle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeletedarticle|Talk]] </td><td> restored &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> {{int:Undeletedarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletedtext&action=edit undeletedtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeletedtext|Talk]] </td><td> &#91;&#91;$1]] has been successfully restored. See &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:Deletion_log]] for a record of recent deletions and restorations. </td><td> {{int:Undeletedtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletehistory&action=edit undeletehistory]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeletehistory|Talk]] </td><td> If you restore the page, all revisions will be restored to the history. If a new page with the same name has been created since the deletion, the restored revisions will appear in the prior history, and the current revision of the live page will not be automatically replaced. </td><td> {{int:Undeletehistory}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletepage&action=edit undeletepage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeletepage|Talk]] </td><td> View and restore deleted pages </td><td> {{int:Undeletepage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletepagetext&action=edit undeletepagetext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeletepagetext|Talk]] </td><td> The following pages have been deleted but are still in the archive and can be restored. The archive may be periodically cleaned out. </td><td> {{int:Undeletepagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeleterevision&action=edit undeleterevision]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeleterevision|Talk]] </td><td> Deleted revision as of $1 </td><td> {{int:Undeleterevision}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeleterevisions&action=edit undeleterevisions]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeleterevisions|Talk]] </td><td> $1 revisions archived </td><td> {{int:Undeleterevisions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unexpected&action=edit unexpected]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unexpected|Talk]] </td><td> Unexpected value: &quot;$1&quot;=&quot;$2&quot;. </td><td> {{int:Unexpected}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockbtn&action=edit unlockbtn]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unlockbtn|Talk]] </td><td> Unlock database </td><td> {{int:Unlockbtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockconfirm&action=edit unlockconfirm]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unlockconfirm|Talk]] </td><td> Yes, I really want to unlock the database. </td><td> {{int:Unlockconfirm}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdb&action=edit unlockdb]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unlockdb|Talk]] </td><td> Unlock database </td><td> {{int:Unlockdb}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdbsuccesssub&action=edit unlockdbsuccesssub]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unlockdbsuccesssub|Talk]] </td><td> Database lock removed </td><td> {{int:Unlockdbsuccesssub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdbsuccesstext&action=edit unlockdbsuccesstext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unlockdbsuccesstext|Talk]] </td><td> The database has been unlocked. </td><td> {{int:Unlockdbsuccesstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdbtext&action=edit unlockdbtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unlockdbtext|Talk]] </td><td> Unlocking the database will restore the ability of all users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and other things requiring changes in the database. Please confirm that this is what you intend to do. </td><td> {{int:Unlockdbtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unprotect&action=edit unprotect]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unprotect|Talk]] </td><td> Unprotect </td><td> {{int:Unprotect}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unprotectcomment&action=edit unprotectcomment]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unprotectcomment|Talk]] </td><td> Reason for unprotecting </td><td> {{int:Unprotectcomment}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unprotectedarticle&action=edit unprotectedarticle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unprotectedarticle|Talk]] </td><td> unprotected &#91;&#91;$1]] </td><td> {{int:Unprotectedarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unprotectsub&action=edit unprotectsub]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unprotectsub|Talk]] </td><td> (Unprotecting &quot;$1&quot;) </td><td> {{int:Unprotectsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unprotectthispage&action=edit unprotectthispage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unprotectthispage|Talk]] </td><td> Unprotect this page </td><td> {{int:Unprotectthispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unusedimages&action=edit unusedimages]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unusedimages|Talk]] </td><td> Unused images </td><td> {{int:Unusedimages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unusedimagestext&action=edit unusedimagestext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unusedimagestext|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;p&gt;Please note that other web sites may link to an image with a direct URL, and so may still be listed here despite being in active use. </td><td> {{int:Unusedimagestext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unwatch&action=edit unwatch]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unwatch|Talk]] </td><td> Unwatch </td><td> {{int:Unwatch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unwatchthispage&action=edit unwatchthispage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unwatchthispage|Talk]] </td><td> Stop watching </td><td> {{int:Unwatchthispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Updated&action=edit updated]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Updated|Talk]] </td><td> (Updated) </td><td> {{int:Updated}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Upload&action=edit upload]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Upload|Talk]] </td><td> Upload file </td><td> {{int:Upload}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadbtn&action=edit uploadbtn]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadbtn|Talk]] </td><td> Upload file </td><td> {{int:Uploadbtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploaddisabled&action=edit uploaddisabled]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploaddisabled|Talk]] </td><td> Sorry, uploading is disabled. </td><td> {{int:Uploaddisabled}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadedfiles&action=edit uploadedfiles]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadedfiles|Talk]] </td><td> Uploaded files </td><td> {{int:Uploadedfiles}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadedimage&action=edit uploadedimage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadedimage|Talk]] </td><td> uploaded &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> {{int:Uploadedimage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploaderror&action=edit uploaderror]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploaderror|Talk]] </td><td> Upload error </td><td> {{int:Uploaderror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadfile&action=edit uploadfile]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadfile|Talk]] </td><td> Upload images, sounds, documents etc. </td><td> {{int:Uploadfile}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlink&action=edit uploadlink]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadlink|Talk]] </td><td> Upload images </td><td> {{int:Uploadlink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlog&action=edit uploadlog]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadlog|Talk]] </td><td> upload log </td><td> {{int:Uploadlog}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlogpage&action=edit uploadlogpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadlogpage|Talk]] </td><td> Upload_log </td><td> {{int:Uploadlogpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlogpagetext&action=edit uploadlogpagetext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadlogpagetext|Talk]] </td><td> Below is a list of the most recent file uploads. All times shown are server time (UTC). &lt;ul&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; </td><td> {{int:Uploadlogpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadnologin&action=edit uploadnologin]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadnologin|Talk]] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> {{int:Uploadnologin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadnologintext&action=edit uploadnologintext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadnologintext|Talk]] </td><td> You must be &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Userlogin&quot;&gt;logged in&lt;/a&gt; to upload files. </td><td> {{int:Uploadnologintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadtext&action=edit uploadtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadtext|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;strong&gt;STOP!&lt;/strong&gt; Before you upload here, make sure to read and follow the &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Image_use_policy&quot;&gt;image use policy&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;p&gt;If a file with the name you are specifying already exists on the wiki, it&#39;ll be replaced without warning. So unless you mean to update a file, it&#39;s a good idea to first check if such a file exists. &lt;p&gt;To view or search previously uploaded images, go to the &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Imagelist&quot;&gt;list of uploaded images&lt;/a&gt;. Uploads and deletions are logged on the &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Wikipedia:Upload_log&quot;&gt;upload log&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Use the form below to upload new image files for use in illustrating your pages. On most browsers, you will see a &quot;Browse...&quot; button, which will bring up your operating system&#39;s standard file open dialog. Choosing a file will fill the name of that file into the text field next to the button. You must also check the box affirming that you are not violating any copyrights by uploading the file. Press the &quot;Upload&quot; button to finish the upload. This may take some time if you have a slow internet connection. &lt;p&gt;The preferred formats are JPEG for photographic images, PNG for drawings and other iconic images, and OGG for sounds. Please name your files descriptively to avoid confusion. To include the image in a page, use a link in the form &lt;b&gt;&#91;&#91;Image:file.jpg]]&lt;/b&gt; or &lt;b&gt;&#91;&#91;Image:file.ogg]]&lt;/b&gt; for sounds. &lt;p&gt;Please note that as with wiki pages, others may edit or delete your uploads if they think it serves the project, and you may be blocked from uploading if you abuse the system. </td><td> {{int:Uploadtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadwarning&action=edit uploadwarning]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadwarning|Talk]] </td><td> Upload warning </td><td> {{int:Uploadwarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:User_rights_set&action=edit user_rights_set]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:User_rights_set|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;b&gt;User rights for &quot;$1&quot; updated&lt;/b&gt; </td><td> {{int:User_rights_set}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Usercssjs&action=edit usercssjs]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Usercssjs|Talk]] </td><td> &#39;&#39;&#39;Note:&#39;&#39;&#39; After saving, you have to tell your bowser to get the new version: &#39;&#39;&#39;Mozilla:&#39;&#39;&#39; click &#39;&#39;reload&#39;&#39;(or &#39;&#39;ctrl-r&#39;&#39;), &#39;&#39;&#39;IE / Opera:&#39;&#39;&#39; &#39;&#39;ctrl-f5&#39;&#39;, &#39;&#39;&#39;Safari:&#39;&#39;&#39; &#39;&#39;cmd-r&#39;&#39;, &#39;&#39;&#39;Konqueror&#39;&#39;&#39; &#39;&#39;ctrl-r&#39;&#39;. </td><td> {{int:Usercssjs}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Usercssjsyoucanpreview&action=edit usercssjsyoucanpreview]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Usercssjsyoucanpreview|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;strong&gt;Tip:&lt;/strong&gt; Use the &#39;Show preview&#39; button to test your new css/js before saving. </td><td> {{int:Usercssjsyoucanpreview}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Usercsspreview&action=edit usercsspreview]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Usercsspreview|Talk]] </td><td> &#39;&#39;&#39;Remember that you are only previewing your user css, it has not yet been saved!&#39;&#39;&#39; </td><td> {{int:Usercsspreview}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userexists&action=edit userexists]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Userexists|Talk]] </td><td> The user name you entered is already in use. Please choose a different name. </td><td> {{int:Userexists}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userjspreview&action=edit userjspreview]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Userjspreview|Talk]] </td><td> &#39;&#39;&#39;Remember that you are only testing/previewing your user javascript, it has not yet been saved!&#39;&#39;&#39; </td><td> {{int:Userjspreview}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userlogin&action=edit userlogin]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Userlogin|Talk]] </td><td> Log in </td><td> {{int:Userlogin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userlogout&action=edit userlogout]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Userlogout|Talk]] </td><td> Log out </td><td> {{int:Userlogout}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Usermailererror&action=edit usermailererror]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Usermailererror|Talk]] </td><td> Mail object returned error: </td><td> {{int:Usermailererror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userpage&action=edit userpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Userpage|Talk]] </td><td> View user page </td><td> {{int:Userpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userstats&action=edit userstats]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Userstats|Talk]] </td><td> User statistics </td><td> {{int:Userstats}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userstatstext&action=edit userstatstext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Userstatstext|Talk]] </td><td> There are &#39;&#39;&#39;$1&#39;&#39;&#39; registered users. &#39;&#39;&#39;$2&#39;&#39;&#39; of these are administrators (see $3). </td><td> {{int:Userstatstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Version&action=edit version]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Version|Talk]] </td><td> Version </td><td> {{int:Version}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewcount&action=edit viewcount]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Viewcount|Talk]] </td><td> This page has been accessed $1 times. </td><td> {{int:Viewcount}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewprevnext&action=edit viewprevnext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Viewprevnext|Talk]] </td><td> View ($1) ($2) ($3). </td><td> {{int:Viewprevnext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewsource&action=edit viewsource]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Viewsource|Talk]] </td><td> View source </td><td> {{int:Viewsource}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewtalkpage&action=edit viewtalkpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Viewtalkpage|Talk]] </td><td> View discussion </td><td> {{int:Viewtalkpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wantedpages&action=edit wantedpages]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Wantedpages|Talk]] </td><td> Wanted pages </td><td> {{int:Wantedpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watch&action=edit watch]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watch|Talk]] </td><td> Watch </td><td> {{int:Watch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchdetails&action=edit watchdetails]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchdetails|Talk]] </td><td> ($1 pages watched not counting talk pages; $2 total pages edited since cutoff; $3... &lt;a href=&#39;$4&#39;&gt;show and edit complete list&lt;/a&gt;.) </td><td> {{int:Watchdetails}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watcheditlist&action=edit watcheditlist]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watcheditlist|Talk]] </td><td> Here&#39;s an alphabetical list of your watched pages. Check the boxes of pages you want to remove from your watchlist and click the &#39;remove checked&#39; button at the bottom of the screen. </td><td> {{int:Watcheditlist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchlist&action=edit watchlist]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchlist|Talk]] </td><td> My watchlist </td><td> {{int:Watchlist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchlistcontains&action=edit watchlistcontains]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchlistcontains|Talk]] </td><td> Your watchlist contains $1 pages. </td><td> {{int:Watchlistcontains}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchlistsub&action=edit watchlistsub]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchlistsub|Talk]] </td><td> (for user &quot;$1&quot;) </td><td> {{int:Watchlistsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchmethod-list&action=edit watchmethod-list]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchmethod-list|Talk]] </td><td> checking watched pages for recent edits </td><td> {{int:Watchmethod-list}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchmethod-recent&action=edit watchmethod-recent]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchmethod-recent|Talk]] </td><td> checking recent edits for watched pages </td><td> {{int:Watchmethod-recent}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchnochange&action=edit watchnochange]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchnochange|Talk]] </td><td> None of your watched items were edited in the time period displayed. </td><td> {{int:Watchnochange}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchnologin&action=edit watchnologin]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchnologin|Talk]] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> {{int:Watchnologin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchnologintext&action=edit watchnologintext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchnologintext|Talk]] </td><td> You must be &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Userlogin&quot;&gt;logged in&lt;/a&gt; to modify your watchlist. </td><td> {{int:Watchnologintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchthis&action=edit watchthis]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchthis|Talk]] </td><td> Watch this page </td><td> {{int:Watchthis}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchthispage&action=edit watchthispage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchthispage|Talk]] </td><td> Watch this page </td><td> {{int:Watchthispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Welcomecreation&action=edit welcomecreation]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Welcomecreation|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;h2&gt;Welcome, $1!&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Your account has been created. Don&#39;t forget to change your Wikipedia preferences. </td><td> {{int:Welcomecreation}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whatlinkshere&action=edit whatlinkshere]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Whatlinkshere|Talk]] </td><td> What links here </td><td> {{int:Whatlinkshere}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistacctext&action=edit whitelistacctext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Whitelistacctext|Talk]] </td><td> To be allowed to create accounts in this Wiki you have to &#91;&#91;Special:Userlogin&#124;log]] in and have the appropriate permissions. </td><td> {{int:Whitelistacctext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistacctitle&action=edit whitelistacctitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Whitelistacctitle|Talk]] </td><td> You are not allowed to create an account </td><td> {{int:Whitelistacctitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistedittext&action=edit whitelistedittext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Whitelistedittext|Talk]] </td><td> You have to &#91;&#91;Special:Userlogin&#124;login]] to edit pages. </td><td> {{int:Whitelistedittext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistedittitle&action=edit whitelistedittitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Whitelistedittitle|Talk]] </td><td> Login required to edit </td><td> {{int:Whitelistedittitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistreadtext&action=edit whitelistreadtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Whitelistreadtext|Talk]] </td><td> You have to &#91;&#91;Special:Userlogin&#124;login]] to read pages. </td><td> {{int:Whitelistreadtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistreadtitle&action=edit whitelistreadtitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Whitelistreadtitle|Talk]] </td><td> Login required to read </td><td> {{int:Whitelistreadtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wikipediapage&action=edit wikipediapage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Wikipediapage|Talk]] </td><td> View project page </td><td> {{int:Wikipediapage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wikititlesuffix&action=edit wikititlesuffix]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Wikititlesuffix|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia </td><td> {{int:Wikititlesuffix}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wlnote&action=edit wlnote]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Wlnote|Talk]] </td><td> Below are the last $1 changes in the last &lt;b&gt;$2&lt;/b&gt; hours. </td><td> {{int:Wlnote}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wlsaved&action=edit wlsaved]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Wlsaved|Talk]] </td><td> This is a saved version of your watchlist. </td><td> {{int:Wlsaved}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wlshowlast&action=edit wlshowlast]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Wlshowlast|Talk]] </td><td> Show last $1 hours $2 days $3 </td><td> {{int:Wlshowlast}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wrong_wfQuery_params&action=edit wrong_wfQuery_params]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Wrong_wfQuery_params|Talk]] </td><td> Incorrect parameters to wfQuery()&lt;br /&gt; Function: $1&lt;br /&gt; Query: $2 </td><td> {{int:Wrong_wfQuery_params}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wrongpassword&action=edit wrongpassword]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Wrongpassword|Talk]] </td><td> The password you entered is incorrect. Please try again. </td><td> {{int:Wrongpassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourdiff&action=edit yourdiff]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Yourdiff|Talk]] </td><td> Differences </td><td> {{int:Yourdiff}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Youremail&action=edit youremail]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Youremail|Talk]] </td><td> Your email* </td><td> {{int:Youremail}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourname&action=edit yourname]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Yourname|Talk]] </td><td> Your user name </td><td> {{int:Yourname}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yournick&action=edit yournick]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Yournick|Talk]] </td><td> Your nickname (for signatures) </td><td> {{int:Yournick}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourpassword&action=edit yourpassword]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Yourpassword|Talk]] </td><td> Your password </td><td> {{int:Yourpassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourpasswordagain&action=edit yourpasswordagain]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Yourpasswordagain|Talk]] </td><td> Retype password </td><td> {{int:Yourpasswordagain}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourrealname&action=edit yourrealname]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Yourrealname|Talk]] </td><td> Your real name* </td><td> {{int:Yourrealname}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourtext&action=edit yourtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Yourtext|Talk]] </td><td> Your text </td><td> {{int:Yourtext}} </td></tr></table> MediaWiki:All messages 769 4341 2004-06-05T06:50:37Z Template namespace initialisation script MediaWiki:All messages moved to Template:All messages #redirect [[Template:All messages]] MediaWiki:All system messages 770 4342 2004-06-05T06:50:38Z Template namespace initialisation script MediaWiki:All system messages moved to Template:All system messages #redirect [[Template:All system messages]] MediaWiki:Gnunote 771 4343 2004-06-05T06:50:38Z Template namespace initialisation script MediaWiki:Gnunote moved to Template:Gnunote #redirect [[Template:Gnunote]] MediaWiki:Sitesupportpage 772 4344 2004-06-05T06:50:38Z Template namespace initialisation script MediaWiki:Sitesupportpage moved to Template:Sitesupportpage #redirect [[Template:Sitesupportpage]] MediaWiki:1movedto2 redir 773 sysop 1465 2004-06-29T12:21:56Z MediaWiki default $1 moved to $2 over redirect 2711 2004-12-23T04:20:10Z MediaWiki default $1 moved to $2 over redirect 4345 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default $1 moved to $2 over redirect 4716 2005-07-03T13:06:22Z MediaWiki default [[$1]] moved to [[$2]] over redirect 5762 2005-07-29T10:52:01Z MediaWiki default $1 moved to $2 over redirect 6802 2005-11-09T22:45:07Z MediaWiki default [[$1]] moved to [[$2]] over redirect MediaWiki:Monobook.css 774 sysop 1466 2004-06-29T12:21:56Z MediaWiki default /* edit this file to customize the monobook skin for the entire site */ 2712 2004-12-23T04:20:11Z MediaWiki default /* edit this file to customize the monobook skin for the entire site */ 4346 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default /* edit this file to customize the monobook skin for the entire site */ 6492 2005-10-14T10:34:29Z Bombo 12 /* edit this kásá-kásá to customize the monobook skin for the entire site */ 6715 2005-11-05T16:29:35Z Moyogo 11 /* edit this kásá-kásá to customize the monobook skin for the entire site */ /*<pre><nowiki>*/ body { font-family: DejaVu Sans, Chrysanthi Unicode, Doulos SIL, Gentium, GentiumAlt, Code2000, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Vera Sans, Bitstream Cyberbit, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode, Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro, Matrix Unicode; font-family /**/:inherit; } /*</nowiki></pre>*/ 6733 2005-11-05T17:03:32Z Moyogo 11 /* edit this kásá-kásá to customize the monobook skin for the entire site */ /*<pre><nowiki>*/ #content { font-family: DejaVu Sans, Chrysanthi Unicode, Doulos SIL, Gentium, GentiumAlt, Code2000, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Vera Sans, Bitstream Cyberbit, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode, Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro, Matrix Unicode; font-family /**/:inherit; } /*</nowiki></pre>*/ 6734 2005-11-05T17:07:48Z Moyogo 11 /* edit this kásá-kásá to customize the monobook skin for the entire site */ /*<pre><nowiki>*/ #bodyContent { font-family: DejaVu Sans, Chrysanthi Unicode, Doulos SIL, Gentium, GentiumAlt, Code2000, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Vera Sans, Bitstream Cyberbit, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode, Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro, Matrix Unicode; font-family /**/:inherit; } /*</nowiki></pre>*/ 6736 2005-11-05T17:25:20Z Moyogo 11 /* edit this kásá-kásá to customize the monobook skin for the entire site */ /*<pre><nowiki>*/ #bodyContent { font-family: "DejaVu Sans", "Chrysanthi Unicode", "Doulos SIL", Gentium, GentiumAlt, Code2000, "TITUS Cyberbit Basic", "Bitstream Vera Sans", "Bitstream Cyberbit", "Arial Unicode MS", "Lucida Sans Unicode"; font-family /**/:inherit; } /*</nowiki></pre>*/ 6737 2005-11-05T17:26:46Z Moyogo 11 /* edit this kásá-kásá to customize the monobook skin for the entire site */ /*<pre><nowiki>*/ #content { font-family: "DejaVu Sans", "Chrysanthi Unicode", "Doulos SIL", Gentium, GentiumAlt, Code2000, "TITUS Cyberbit Basic", "Bitstream Vera Sans", "Bitstream Cyberbit", "Arial Unicode MS", "Lucida Sans Unicode"; font-family /**/:inherit; } /*</nowiki></pre>*/ 6738 2005-11-05T17:29:47Z Moyogo 11 test /* edit this kásá-kásá to customize the monobook skin for the entire site */ /*<pre><nowiki>*/ #content { font-family: Junicode; font-family /**/:inherit; } /*</nowiki></pre>*/ 6740 2005-11-05T17:35:13Z Moyogo 11 /* edit this kásá-kásá to customize the monobook skin for the entire site */ /*<pre><nowiki>*/ #content { font-family: "Lucida Sans Unicode"; font-family /**/:inherit; } #bodyContent { font-family: "Lucida Sans Unicode"; font-family /**/:inherit; } body { font-family: "Lucida Sans Unicode"; font-family /**/:inherit; } /*</nowiki></pre>*/ 6747 2005-11-05T17:49:35Z Moyogo 11 /* edit this kásá-kásá to customize the monobook skin for the entire site */ /*<pre><nowiki>*/ #content { font-family: "DejaVu Sans","Lucida Sans Unicode",sans-serif; font-family /**/:inherit; } #bodyContent { font-family: "DejaVu Sans","Lucida Sans Unicode",sans-serif; font-family /**/:inherit; } body { font-family: "DejaVu Sans","Lucida Sans Unicode",sans-serif; font-family /**/:inherit; } /*</nowiki></pre>*/ 6761 2005-11-05T21:22:46Z Moyogo 11 /* edit this kásá-kásá to customize the monobook skin for the entire site */ /*<pre><nowiki>*/ #content { font-family: 'DejaVu Sans','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial Unicode MS',Verdana,Arial,'Doulos SIL',Gentium,GentiumAlt,sans-serif; font-family /**/:inherit; } /*</nowiki></pre>*/ 6762 2005-11-05T21:24:15Z Moyogo 11 /* edit this kásá-kásá to customize the monobook skin for the entire site */ /*<pre><nowiki>*/ #content { font-family: "DejaVu Sans","Lucida Sans Unicode","Arial Unicode MS",Verdana,Arial,"Doulos SIL",Gentium,GentiumAlt,sans-serif; font-family /**/:inherit; } /*</nowiki></pre>*/ 6764 2005-11-05T21:37:44Z Moyogo 11 /* edit this kásá-kásá to customize the monobook skin for the entire site */ /*<pre><nowiki>*/ #bodyContent { font-family: "DejaVu Sans","Lucida Sans Unicode","Arial Unicode MS",Verdana,Arial,"Doulos SIL",Gentium,GentiumAlt,sans-serif; font-family /**/:inherit; } /*</nowiki></pre>*/ 6765 2005-11-05T21:39:24Z Moyogo 11 /* edit this kásá-kásá to customize the monobook skin for the entire site */ /*<pre><nowiki>*/ body { font-family: "DejaVu Sans","Lucida Sans Unicode","Arial Unicode MS",Verdana,Arial,"Doulos SIL",Gentium,GentiumAlt,sans-serif; font-family /**/:inherit; } /*</nowiki></pre>*/ 6766 2005-11-05T21:42:28Z Moyogo 11 /* edit this kásá-kásá to customize the monobook skin for the entire site */ /*<pre><nowiki>*/ body { font-family: 'DejaVu Sans','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial Unicode MS',Verdana,Arial,'Doulos SIL',Gentium,GentiumAlt,sans-serif; font-family /**/:inherit; } /*</nowiki></pre>*/ 6767 2005-11-05T21:44:00Z Moyogo 11 /* edit this kásá-kásá to customize the monobook skin for the entire site */ /*<pre><nowiki>*/ body { font-family: 'DejaVuSans',sans-serif; font-family /**/:inherit; } /*</nowiki></pre>*/ 6768 2005-11-05T21:46:21Z Moyogo 11 /* edit this kásá-kásá to customize the monobook skin for the entire site */ /*<pre><nowiki>*/ body { font-family: 'DejaVu Sans','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial Unicode MS',Verdana,Arial,'Doulos SIL',Gentium,GentiumAlt,sans-serif; font-family /**/:inherit; } /*</nowiki></pre>*/ 6769 2005-11-06T08:07:46Z Moyogo 11 /* edit this kásá-kásá to customize the monobook skin for the entire site */ /*<pre><nowiki>*/ body { font-family: DejaVu Sans,Lucida Sans Unicode,Arial Unicode MS,Verdana,Arial,Doulos SIL,Gentium,GentiumAlt,sans-serif; font-family /**/:inherit; } #bodyContent { font-family: DejaVu Sans,Lucida Sans Unicode,Arial Unicode MS,Verdana,Arial,Doulos SIL,Gentium,GentiumAlt,sans-serif; font-family /**/:inherit; } #content { font-family: DejaVu Sans,Lucida Sans Unicode,Arial Unicode MS,Verdana,Arial,Doulos SIL,Gentium,GentiumAlt,sans-serif; font-family /**/:inherit; } /*</nowiki></pre>*/ 6771 2005-11-06T19:58:02Z Moyogo 11 /* edit this kásá-kásá to customize the monobook skin for the entire site */ /*<pre><nowiki>*/ #bodyContent { font-family: Junicode,"DejaVu Sans","Lucida Sans Unicode","Arial Unicode MS",Arial,Verdana,Arial,Doulos SIL,Gentium,GentiumAlt,sans-serif; font-family /**/:inherit; } /*</nowiki></pre>*/ 6772 2005-11-06T19:58:10Z Moyogo 11 /* edit this kásá-kásá to customize the monobook skin for the entire site */ /*<pre><nowiki>*/ #bodyContent { font-family: Junicode,"DejaVu Sans","Lucida Sans Unicode","Arial Unicode MS",Arial,Verdana,Doulos SIL,Gentium,GentiumAlt,sans-serif; font-family /**/:inherit; } /*</nowiki></pre>*/ 6773 2005-11-06T20:03:42Z Moyogo 11 /* edit this kásá-kásá to customize the monobook skin for the entire site */ /*<pre><nowiki>*/ #bodyContent { font-family: Junicode,'DejaVu Sans','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial Unicode MS',Arial,Verdana,Doulos SIL,Gentium,GentiumAlt,sans-serif; font-family /**/:inherit; } /*</nowiki></pre>*/ 7077 2005-11-30T22:10:11Z Moyogo 11 /* edit this kásá-kásá to customize the monobook skin for the entire site */ /*<pre><nowiki>*/ #bodyContent { font-family: Junicode,'DejaVu Sans','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial Unicode MS',Arial,Verdana,Doulos SIL,Gentium,GentiumAlt,sans-serif; font-family /**/:inherit; } body { font-family: 'DejaVuSans','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial Unicode MS',Arial,Verdana,Doulos SIL,Gentium,GentiumAlt,sans-serif; font-family /**/:inherit; } content { font-family: 'DejaVuSans','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial Unicode MS',Arial,Verdana,Doulos SIL,Gentium,GentiumAlt,sans-serif; font-family /**/:inherit; } /*</nowiki></pre>*/ 7078 2005-11-30T22:10:27Z Moyogo 11 /* edit this kásá-kásá to customize the monobook skin for the entire site */ /*<pre><nowiki>*/ #bodyContent { font-family: Junicode,'DejaVu Sans','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial Unicode MS',Arial,Verdana,Doulos SIL,Gentium,GentiumAlt,sans-serif; font-family /**/:inherit; } body { font-family: 'DejaVu Sans','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial Unicode MS',Arial,Verdana,Doulos SIL,Gentium,GentiumAlt,sans-serif; font-family /**/:inherit; } content { font-family: 'DejaVu Sans','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial Unicode MS',Arial,Verdana,Doulos SIL,Gentium,GentiumAlt,sans-serif; font-family /**/:inherit; } /*</nowiki></pre>*/ 7170 2005-12-04T11:31:13Z Moyogo 11 /* edit this kásá-kásá to customize the monobook skin for the entire site */ /*<pre><nowiki>*/ #bodyContent { font-family: 'DejaVu Sans','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial Unicode MS',Arial,Verdana,Junicode,Doulos SIL,Gentium,GentiumAlt,sans-serif; font-family /**/:inherit; } body { font-family: 'DejaVu Sans','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial Unicode MS',Arial,Verdana,Junicode,Doulos SIL,Gentium,GentiumAlt,sans-serif; font-family /**/:inherit; } content { font-family: 'DejaVu Sans','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial Unicode MS',Arial,Verdana,Junicode,Doulos SIL,Gentium,GentiumAlt,sans-serif; font-family /**/:inherit; } /*</nowiki></pre>*/ 7644 2006-01-28T16:16:56Z Moyogo 11 /* edit this kásá-kásá to customize the monobook skin for the entire site */ /*<pre><nowiki>*/ #bodyContent { font-family: 'DejaVu Sans','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial Unicode MS',Doulos SIL,'Charis SIL',sans-serif; font-family /**/:inherit; } /*</nowiki></pre>*/ 8391 2006-06-13T23:30:23Z Moyogo 11 +smcp /* edit this kásá-kásá to customize the monobook skin for the entire site */ /*<pre><nowiki>*/ #bodyContent { font-family: 'DejaVu Sans','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial Unicode MS',Doulos SIL,'Charis SIL',sans-serif; font-family /**/:inherit; } #smcp { font-variant: small-caps; } /*</nowiki></pre>*/ 8392 2006-06-13T23:31:13Z Moyogo 11 id -> class /* edit this kásá-kásá to customize the monobook skin for the entire site */ /*<pre><nowiki>*/ #bodyContent { font-family: 'DejaVu Sans','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial Unicode MS',Doulos SIL,'Charis SIL',sans-serif; font-family /**/:inherit; } .smcp { font-variant: small-caps; } /*</nowiki></pre>*/ 8834 2006-07-12T11:26:15Z Moyogo 11 /* edit this kásá-kásá to customize the monobook skin for the entire site */ /*<pre><nowiki>*/ #bodyContent { font-family: DejaVu Sans,Lucida Sans Unicode,Arial Unicode MS,Doulos SIL,Charis SIL,sans-serif; font-family /**/:inherit; } .smcp { font-variant: small-caps; } /*</nowiki></pre>*/ 8904 2006-07-14T10:00:51Z Moyogo 11 /* edit this kásá-kásá to customize the monobook skin for the entire site */ /*<pre><nowiki>*/ #bodyContent { #bodyContent { font-family: "DejaVu Sans","Segoe UI","Lucida Sans Unicode","Lucida Grande","Lucida Sans",Verdana,"Arial Unicode MS","Charis SIL","Doulos SIL",sans-serif; font-family /**/:inherit; } .smcp { font-variant: small-caps; } /*</nowiki></pre>*/ 8912 2006-07-16T11:14:16Z Moyogo 11 /* edit this kásá-kásá to customize the monobook skin for the entire site */ /*<pre><nowiki>*/ #bodyContent { #bodyContent { font-family: 'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI','Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande','Lucida Sans',Verdana,'Arial Unicode MS','Charis SIL','Doulos SIL',sans-serif; font-family /**/:inherit; } .smcp { font-variant: small-caps; } /*</nowiki></pre>*/ 8913 2006-07-16T11:16:17Z Moyogo 11 /* edit this kásá-kásá to customize the monobook skin for the entire site */ /*<pre><nowiki>*/ #bodyContent { #bodyContent { font-family: DejaVu Sans,Segoe UI,Lucida Sans Unicode,Lucida Grande,Lucida Sans,Verdana,Arial Unicode MS,Charis SIL,Doulos SIL,sans-serif; font-family /**/:inherit; } .smcp { font-variant: small-caps; } /*</nowiki></pre>*/ 8915 2006-07-17T14:57:06Z Moyogo 11 /* edit this kásá-kásá to customize the monobook skin for the entire site */ /*<pre><nowiki>*/ #bodyContent { font-family: DejaVu Sans,Segoe UI,Lucida Sans Unicode,Lucida Grande,Lucida Sans,Verdana,Arial Unicode MS,Charis SIL,Doulos SIL,sans-serif; font-family /**/:inherit; } .smcp { font-variant: small-caps; } /*</nowiki></pre>*/ 9190 2006-08-29T23:32:25Z Moyogo 11 /* edit this kásá-kásá to customize the monobook skin for the entire site */ /*<pre><nowiki>*/ #bodyContent { font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'Segoe UI', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans', Verdana, 'Arial Unicode MS', Charis SIL, Doulos SIL, sans-serif; font-family /**/:inherit; } .smcp { font-variant: small-caps; } /*</nowiki></pre>*/ 9191 2006-08-29T23:34:59Z Moyogo 11 /* edit this kásá-kásá to customize the monobook skin for the entire site */ /*<pre><nowiki>*/ #content, #bodyContent { font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'Segoe UI', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans', Verdana, 'Arial Unicode MS', Charis SIL, Doulos SIL, sans-serif; font-family /**/:inherit; } .smcp { font-variant: small-caps; } /*</nowiki></pre>*/ 9192 2006-08-29T23:40:15Z Moyogo 11 /* edit this kásá-kásá to customize the monobook skin for the entire site */ /*<pre><nowiki>*/ #content, #bodyContent { font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'Segoe UI', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans', Verdana, 'Arial Unicode MS', Charis SIL, Doulos SIL, sans-serif; } .smcp { font-variant: small-caps; } /*</nowiki></pre>*/ 9193 2006-08-29T23:40:49Z Moyogo 11 /* edit this kásá-kásá to customize the monobook skin for the entire site */ /*<pre><nowiki>*/ #content, #bodyContent { font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'Segoe UI', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans', Verdana, 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Charis SIL', 'Doulos SIL', sans-serif; } .smcp { font-variant: small-caps; } /*</nowiki></pre>*/ 9194 2006-08-29T23:56:58Z Moyogo 11 /* edit this kásá-kásá to customize the monobook skin for the entire site */ /*<pre><nowiki>*/ #content, #bodyContent { font-family: "DejaVu Sans", "Segoe UI", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans", Verdana, "Arial Unicode MS", "Charis SIL", "Doulos SIL", sans-serif; } .smcp { font-variant: small-caps; } /*</nowiki></pre>*/ 9195 2006-08-29T23:58:31Z Moyogo 11 /* edit this kásá-kásá to customize the monobook skin for the entire site */ /*<pre><nowiki>*/ #content, #bodyContent { font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'Segoe UI', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans', Verdana, 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Charis SIL', 'Doulos SIL', sans-serif; } .smcp { font-variant: small-caps; } /*</nowiki></pre>*/ MediaWiki:Monobook.js 775 sysop 1467 2004-06-29T12:21:56Z MediaWiki default /* tooltips and access keys */ ta = new Object(); ta['pt-userpage'] = new Array('.','My user page'); ta['pt-anonuserpage'] = new Array('.','The user page for the ip you\'re editing as'); ta['pt-mytalk'] = new Array('n','My talk page'); ta['pt-anontalk'] = new Array('n','Discussion about edits from this ip address'); ta['pt-preferences'] = new Array('','My preferences'); ta['pt-watchlist'] = new Array('l','The list of pages you\'re monitoring for changes.'); ta['pt-mycontris'] = new Array('y','List of my contributions'); ta['pt-login'] = new Array('o','You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.'); ta['pt-anonlogin'] = new Array('o','You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.'); ta['pt-logout'] = new Array('o','Log out'); ta['ca-talk'] = new Array('t','Discussion about the content page'); ta['ca-edit'] = new Array('e','You can edit this page. Please use the preview button before saving.'); ta['ca-addsection'] = new Array('+','Add a comment to this discussion.'); ta['ca-viewsource'] = new Array('e','This page is protected. You can view its source.'); ta['ca-history'] = new Array('h','Past versions of this page.'); ta['ca-protect'] = new Array('=','Protect this page'); ta['ca-delete'] = new Array('d','Delete this page'); ta['ca-undelete'] = new Array('d','Restore the edits done to this page before it was deleted'); ta['ca-move'] = new Array('m','Move this page'); ta['ca-nomove'] = new Array('','You don\'t have the permissions to move this page'); ta['ca-watch'] = new Array('w','Add this page to your watchlist'); ta['ca-unwatch'] = new Array('w','Remove this page from your watchlist'); ta['search'] = new Array('f','Search this wiki'); ta['p-logo'] = new Array('','Main Page'); ta['n-mainpage'] = new Array('z','Visit the Main Page'); ta['n-portal'] = new Array('','About the project, what you can do, where to find things'); ta['n-currentevents'] = new Array('','Find background information on current events'); ta['n-recentchanges'] = new Array('r','The list of recent changes in the wiki.'); ta['n-randompage'] = new Array('x','Load a random page'); ta['n-help'] = new Array('','The place to find out.'); ta['n-sitesupport'] = new Array('','Support us'); ta['t-whatlinkshere'] = new Array('j','List of all wiki pages that link here'); ta['t-recentchangeslinked'] = new Array('k','Recent changes in pages linking to this page'); ta['feed-rss'] = new Array('','RSS feed for this page'); ta['feed-atom'] = new Array('','Atom feed for this page'); ta['t-contributions'] = new Array('','View the list of contributions of this user'); ta['t-emailuser'] = new Array('','Send a mail to this user'); ta['t-upload'] = new Array('u','Upload images or media files'); ta['t-specialpages'] = new Array('q','List of all special pages'); ta['ca-nstab-main'] = new Array('c','View the content page'); ta['ca-nstab-user'] = new Array('c','View the user page'); ta['ca-nstab-media'] = new Array('c','View the media page'); ta['ca-nstab-special'] = new Array('','This is a special page, you can\'t edit the page itself.'); ta['ca-nstab-wp'] = new Array('a','View the project page'); ta['ca-nstab-image'] = new Array('c','View the image page'); ta['ca-nstab-mediawiki'] = new Array('c','View the system message'); ta['ca-nstab-template'] = new Array('c','View the template'); ta['ca-nstab-help'] = new Array('c','View the help page'); ta['ca-nstab-category'] = new Array('c','View the category page'); 2713 2004-12-23T04:20:12Z MediaWiki default /* tooltips and access keys */ ta = new Object(); ta['pt-userpage'] = new Array('.','My user page'); ta['pt-anonuserpage'] = new Array('.','The user page for the ip you\'re editing as'); ta['pt-mytalk'] = new Array('n','My talk page'); ta['pt-anontalk'] = new Array('n','Discussion about edits from this ip address'); ta['pt-preferences'] = new Array('','My preferences'); ta['pt-watchlist'] = new Array('l','The list of pages you\'re monitoring for changes.'); ta['pt-mycontris'] = new Array('y','List of my contributions'); ta['pt-login'] = new Array('o','You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.'); ta['pt-anonlogin'] = new Array('o','You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.'); ta['pt-logout'] = new Array('o','Log out'); ta['ca-talk'] = new Array('t','Discussion about the content page'); ta['ca-edit'] = new Array('e','You can edit this page. Please use the preview button before saving.'); ta['ca-addsection'] = new Array('+','Add a comment to this discussion.'); ta['ca-viewsource'] = new Array('e','This page is protected. You can view its source.'); ta['ca-history'] = new Array('h','Past versions of this page.'); ta['ca-protect'] = new Array('=','Protect this page'); ta['ca-delete'] = new Array('d','Delete this page'); ta['ca-undelete'] = new Array('d','Restore the edits done to this page before it was deleted'); ta['ca-move'] = new Array('m','Move this page'); ta['ca-nomove'] = new Array('','You don\'t have the permissions to move this page'); ta['ca-watch'] = new Array('w','Add this page to your watchlist'); ta['ca-unwatch'] = new Array('w','Remove this page from your watchlist'); ta['search'] = new Array('f','Search this wiki'); ta['p-logo'] = new Array('','Main Page'); ta['n-mainpage'] = new Array('z','Visit the Main Page'); ta['n-portal'] = new Array('','About the project, what you can do, where to find things'); ta['n-currentevents'] = new Array('','Find background information on current events'); ta['n-recentchanges'] = new Array('r','The list of recent changes in the wiki.'); ta['n-randompage'] = new Array('x','Load a random page'); ta['n-help'] = new Array('','The place to find out.'); ta['n-sitesupport'] = new Array('','Support us'); ta['t-whatlinkshere'] = new Array('j','List of all wiki pages that link here'); ta['t-recentchangeslinked'] = new Array('k','Recent changes in pages linked from this page'); ta['feed-rss'] = new Array('','RSS feed for this page'); ta['feed-atom'] = new Array('','Atom feed for this page'); ta['t-contributions'] = new Array('','View the list of contributions of this user'); ta['t-emailuser'] = new Array('','Send a mail to this user'); ta['t-upload'] = new Array('u','Upload images or media files'); ta['t-specialpages'] = new Array('q','List of all special pages'); ta['ca-nstab-main'] = new Array('c','View the content page'); ta['ca-nstab-user'] = new Array('c','View the user page'); ta['ca-nstab-media'] = new Array('c','View the media page'); ta['ca-nstab-special'] = new Array('','This is a special page, you can\'t edit the page itself.'); ta['ca-nstab-wp'] = new Array('a','View the project page'); ta['ca-nstab-image'] = new Array('c','View the image page'); ta['ca-nstab-mediawiki'] = new Array('c','View the system message'); ta['ca-nstab-template'] = new Array('c','View the template'); ta['ca-nstab-help'] = new Array('c','View the help page'); ta['ca-nstab-category'] = new Array('c','View the category page'); 4347 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default /* tooltips and access keys */ ta = new Object(); ta['pt-userpage'] = new Array('.','My user page'); ta['pt-anonuserpage'] = new Array('.','The user page for the ip you\'re editing as'); ta['pt-mytalk'] = new Array('n','My talk page'); ta['pt-anontalk'] = new Array('n','Discussion about edits from this ip address'); ta['pt-preferences'] = new Array('','My preferences'); ta['pt-watchlist'] = new Array('l','The list of pages you\'re monitoring for changes.'); ta['pt-mycontris'] = new Array('y','List of my contributions'); ta['pt-login'] = new Array('o','You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.'); ta['pt-anonlogin'] = new Array('o','You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.'); ta['pt-logout'] = new Array('o','Log out'); ta['ca-talk'] = new Array('t','Discussion about the content page'); ta['ca-edit'] = new Array('e','You can edit this page. Please use the preview button before saving.'); ta['ca-addsection'] = new Array('+','Add a comment to this discussion.'); ta['ca-viewsource'] = new Array('e','This page is protected. You can view its source.'); ta['ca-history'] = new Array('h','Past versions of this page.'); ta['ca-protect'] = new Array('=','Protect this page'); ta['ca-delete'] = new Array('d','Delete this page'); ta['ca-undelete'] = new Array('d','Restore the edits done to this page before it was deleted'); ta['ca-move'] = new Array('m','Move this page'); ta['ca-nomove'] = new Array('','You don\'t have the permissions to move this page'); ta['ca-watch'] = new Array('w','Add this page to your watchlist'); ta['ca-unwatch'] = new Array('w','Remove this page from your watchlist'); ta['search'] = new Array('f','Search this wiki'); ta['p-logo'] = new Array('','Main Page'); ta['n-mainpage'] = new Array('z','Visit the Main Page'); ta['n-portal'] = new Array('','About the project, what you can do, where to find things'); ta['n-currentevents'] = new Array('','Find background information on current events'); ta['n-recentchanges'] = new Array('r','The list of recent changes in the wiki.'); ta['n-randompage'] = new Array('x','Load a random page'); ta['n-help'] = new Array('','The place to find out.'); ta['n-sitesupport'] = new Array('','Support us'); ta['t-whatlinkshere'] = new Array('j','List of all wiki pages that link here'); ta['t-recentchangeslinked'] = new Array('k','Recent changes in pages linked from this page'); ta['feed-rss'] = new Array('','RSS feed for this page'); ta['feed-atom'] = new Array('','Atom feed for this page'); ta['t-contributions'] = new Array('','View the list of contributions of this user'); ta['t-emailuser'] = new Array('','Send a mail to this user'); ta['t-upload'] = new Array('u','Upload images or media files'); ta['t-specialpages'] = new Array('q','List of all special pages'); ta['ca-nstab-main'] = new Array('c','View the content page'); ta['ca-nstab-user'] = new Array('c','View the user page'); ta['ca-nstab-media'] = new Array('c','View the media page'); ta['ca-nstab-special'] = new Array('','This is a special page, you can\'t edit the page itself.'); ta['ca-nstab-wp'] = new Array('a','View the project page'); ta['ca-nstab-image'] = new Array('c','View the image page'); ta['ca-nstab-mediawiki'] = new Array('c','View the system message'); ta['ca-nstab-template'] = new Array('c','View the template'); ta['ca-nstab-help'] = new Array('c','View the help page'); ta['ca-nstab-category'] = new Array('c','View the category page'); 5763 2005-07-29T10:52:01Z MediaWiki default /* tooltips and access keys */ ta = new Object(); ta['pt-userpage'] = new Array('.','My user page'); ta['pt-anonuserpage'] = new Array('.','The user page for the ip you\'re editing as'); ta['pt-mytalk'] = new Array('n','My talk page'); ta['pt-anontalk'] = new Array('n','Discussion about edits from this ip address'); ta['pt-preferences'] = new Array('','My preferences'); ta['pt-watchlist'] = new Array('l','The list of pages you\'re monitoring for changes.'); ta['pt-mycontris'] = new Array('y','List of my contributions'); ta['pt-login'] = new Array('o','You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.'); ta['pt-anonlogin'] = new Array('o','You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.'); ta['pt-logout'] = new Array('o','Log out'); ta['ca-talk'] = new Array('t','Discussion about the content page'); ta['ca-edit'] = new Array('e','You can edit this page. Please use the preview button before saving.'); ta['ca-addsection'] = new Array('+','Add a comment to this discussion.'); ta['ca-viewsource'] = new Array('e','This page is protected. You can view its source.'); ta['ca-history'] = new Array('h','Past versions of this page.'); ta['ca-protect'] = new Array('=','Protect this page'); ta['ca-delete'] = new Array('d','Delete this page'); ta['ca-undelete'] = new Array('d','Restore the edits done to this page before it was deleted'); ta['ca-move'] = new Array('m','Move this page'); ta['ca-watch'] = new Array('w','Add this page to your watchlist'); ta['ca-unwatch'] = new Array('w','Remove this page from your watchlist'); ta['search'] = new Array('f','Search this wiki'); ta['p-logo'] = new Array('','Main Page'); ta['n-mainpage'] = new Array('z','Visit the Main Page'); ta['n-portal'] = new Array('','About the project, what you can do, where to find things'); ta['n-currentevents'] = new Array('','Find background information on current events'); ta['n-recentchanges'] = new Array('r','The list of recent changes in the wiki.'); ta['n-randompage'] = new Array('x','Load a random page'); ta['n-help'] = new Array('','The place to find out.'); ta['n-sitesupport'] = new Array('','Support us'); ta['t-whatlinkshere'] = new Array('j','List of all wiki pages that link here'); ta['t-recentchangeslinked'] = new Array('k','Recent changes in pages linked from this page'); ta['feed-rss'] = new Array('','RSS feed for this page'); ta['feed-atom'] = new Array('','Atom feed for this page'); ta['t-contributions'] = new Array('','View the list of contributions of this user'); ta['t-emailuser'] = new Array('','Send a mail to this user'); ta['t-upload'] = new Array('u','Upload images or media files'); ta['t-specialpages'] = new Array('q','List of all special pages'); ta['ca-nstab-main'] = new Array('c','View the content page'); ta['ca-nstab-user'] = new Array('c','View the user page'); ta['ca-nstab-media'] = new Array('c','View the media page'); ta['ca-nstab-special'] = new Array('','This is a special page, you can\'t edit the page itself.'); ta['ca-nstab-wp'] = new Array('a','View the project page'); ta['ca-nstab-image'] = new Array('c','View the image page'); ta['ca-nstab-mediawiki'] = new Array('c','View the system message'); ta['ca-nstab-template'] = new Array('c','View the template'); ta['ca-nstab-help'] = new Array('c','View the help page'); ta['ca-nstab-category'] = new Array('c','View the category page'); 5999 2005-08-19T23:24:02Z MediaWiki default /* tooltips and access keys */ ta = new Object(); ta['pt-userpage'] = new Array('.','My user page'); ta['pt-anonuserpage'] = new Array('.','The user page for the ip you\'re editing as'); ta['pt-mytalk'] = new Array('n','My talk page'); ta['pt-anontalk'] = new Array('n','Discussion about edits from this ip address'); ta['pt-preferences'] = new Array('','My preferences'); ta['pt-watchlist'] = new Array('l','The list of pages you\'re monitoring for changes.'); ta['pt-mycontris'] = new Array('y','List of my contributions'); ta['pt-login'] = new Array('o','You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.'); ta['pt-anonlogin'] = new Array('o','You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.'); ta['pt-logout'] = new Array('o','Log out'); ta['ca-talk'] = new Array('t','Discussion about the content page'); ta['ca-edit'] = new Array('e','You can edit this page. Please use the preview button before saving.'); ta['ca-addsection'] = new Array('+','Add a comment to this discussion.'); ta['ca-viewsource'] = new Array('e','This page is protected. You can view its source.'); ta['ca-history'] = new Array('h','Past versions of this page.'); ta['ca-protect'] = new Array('=','Protect this page'); ta['ca-delete'] = new Array('d','Delete this page'); ta['ca-undelete'] = new Array('d','Restore the edits done to this page before it was deleted'); ta['ca-move'] = new Array('m','Move this page'); ta['ca-watch'] = new Array('w','Add this page to your watchlist'); ta['ca-unwatch'] = new Array('w','Remove this page from your watchlist'); ta['search'] = new Array('f','Search this wiki'); ta['p-logo'] = new Array('','Main Page'); ta['n-mainpage'] = new Array('z','Visit the Main Page'); ta['n-portal'] = new Array('','About the project, what you can do, where to find things'); ta['n-currentevents'] = new Array('','Find background information on current events'); ta['n-recentchanges'] = new Array('r','The list of recent changes in the wiki.'); ta['n-randompage'] = new Array('x','Load a random page'); ta['n-help'] = new Array('','The place to find out.'); ta['n-sitesupport'] = new Array('','Support us'); ta['t-whatlinkshere'] = new Array('j','List of all wiki pages that link here'); ta['t-recentchangeslinked'] = new Array('k','Recent changes in pages linked from this page'); ta['feed-rss'] = new Array('','RSS feed for this page'); ta['feed-atom'] = new Array('','Atom feed for this page'); ta['t-contributions'] = new Array('','View the list of contributions of this user'); ta['t-emailuser'] = new Array('','Send a mail to this user'); ta['t-upload'] = new Array('u','Upload images or media files'); ta['t-specialpages'] = new Array('q','List of all special pages'); ta['ca-nstab-main'] = new Array('c','View the content page'); ta['ca-nstab-user'] = new Array('c','View the user page'); ta['ca-nstab-media'] = new Array('c','View the media page'); ta['ca-nstab-special'] = new Array('','This is a special page, you can\'t edit the page itself.'); ta['ca-nstab-wp'] = new Array('a','View the project page'); ta['ca-nstab-image'] = new Array('c','View the image page'); ta['ca-nstab-mediawiki'] = new Array('c','View the system message'); ta['ca-nstab-template'] = new Array('c','View the template'); ta['ca-nstab-help'] = new Array('c','View the help page'); ta['ca-nstab-category'] = new Array('c','View the category page'); 6108 2005-09-05T09:37:02Z MediaWiki default /* tooltips and access keys */ ta = new Object(); ta['pt-userpage'] = new Array('.','My user page'); ta['pt-anonuserpage'] = new Array('.','The user page for the ip you\'re editing as'); ta['pt-mytalk'] = new Array('n','My talk page'); ta['pt-anontalk'] = new Array('n','Discussion about edits from this ip address'); ta['pt-preferences'] = new Array('','My preferences'); ta['pt-watchlist'] = new Array('l','The list of pages you\'re monitoring for changes.'); ta['pt-mycontris'] = new Array('y','List of my contributions'); ta['pt-login'] = new Array('o','You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.'); ta['pt-anonlogin'] = new Array('o','You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.'); ta['pt-logout'] = new Array('o','Log out'); ta['ca-talk'] = new Array('t','Discussion about the content page'); ta['ca-edit'] = new Array('e','You can edit this page. Please use the preview button before saving.'); ta['ca-addsection'] = new Array('+','Add a comment to this discussion.'); ta['ca-viewsource'] = new Array('e','This page is protected. You can view its source.'); ta['ca-history'] = new Array('h','Past versions of this page.'); ta['ca-protect'] = new Array('=','Protect this page'); ta['ca-delete'] = new Array('d','Delete this page'); ta['ca-undelete'] = new Array('d','Restore the edits done to this page before it was deleted'); ta['ca-move'] = new Array('m','Move this page'); ta['ca-watch'] = new Array('w','Add this page to your watchlist'); ta['ca-unwatch'] = new Array('w','Remove this page from your watchlist'); ta['search'] = new Array('f','Search this wiki'); ta['p-logo'] = new Array('','Main Page'); ta['n-mainpage'] = new Array('z','Visit the Main Page'); ta['n-portal'] = new Array('','About the project, what you can do, where to find things'); ta['n-currentevents'] = new Array('','Find background information on current events'); ta['n-recentchanges'] = new Array('r','The list of recent changes in the wiki.'); ta['n-randompage'] = new Array('x','Load a random page'); ta['n-help'] = new Array('','The place to find out.'); ta['n-sitesupport'] = new Array('','Support us'); ta['t-whatlinkshere'] = new Array('j','List of all wiki pages that link here'); ta['t-recentchangeslinked'] = new Array('k','Recent changes in pages linked from this page'); ta['feed-rss'] = new Array('','RSS feed for this page'); ta['feed-atom'] = new Array('','Atom feed for this page'); ta['t-contributions'] = new Array('','View the list of contributions of this user'); ta['t-emailuser'] = new Array('','Send a mail to this user'); ta['t-upload'] = new Array('u','Upload images or media files'); ta['t-specialpages'] = new Array('q','List of all special pages'); ta['ca-nstab-main'] = new Array('c','View the content page'); ta['ca-nstab-user'] = new Array('c','View the user page'); ta['ca-nstab-media'] = new Array('c','View the media page'); ta['ca-nstab-special'] = new Array('','This is a special page, you can\'t edit the page itself.'); ta['ca-nstab-wp'] = new Array('a','View the project page'); ta['ca-nstab-image'] = new Array('c','View the image page'); ta['ca-nstab-mediawiki'] = new Array('c','View the system message'); ta['ca-nstab-template'] = new Array('c','View the template'); ta['ca-nstab-help'] = new Array('c','View the help page'); ta['ca-nstab-category'] = new Array('c','View the category page'); 6803 2005-11-09T22:45:07Z MediaWiki default /* tooltips and access keys */ ta = new Object(); ta['pt-userpage'] = new Array('.','My user page'); ta['pt-anonuserpage'] = new Array('.','The user page for the ip you\'re editing as'); ta['pt-mytalk'] = new Array('n','My talk page'); ta['pt-anontalk'] = new Array('n','Discussion about edits from this ip address'); ta['pt-preferences'] = new Array('','My preferences'); ta['pt-watchlist'] = new Array('l','The list of pages you\'re monitoring for changes.'); ta['pt-mycontris'] = new Array('y','List of my contributions'); ta['pt-login'] = new Array('o','You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.'); ta['pt-anonlogin'] = new Array('o','You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.'); ta['pt-logout'] = new Array('o','Log out'); ta['ca-talk'] = new Array('t','Discussion about the content page'); ta['ca-edit'] = new Array('e','You can edit this page. Please use the preview button before saving.'); ta['ca-addsection'] = new Array('+','Add a comment to this discussion.'); ta['ca-viewsource'] = new Array('e','This page is protected. You can view its source.'); ta['ca-history'] = new Array('h','Past versions of this page.'); ta['ca-protect'] = new Array('=','Protect this page'); ta['ca-delete'] = new Array('d','Delete this page'); ta['ca-undelete'] = new Array('d','Restore the edits done to this page before it was deleted'); ta['ca-move'] = new Array('m','Move this page'); ta['ca-watch'] = new Array('w','Add this page to your watchlist'); ta['ca-unwatch'] = new Array('w','Remove this page from your watchlist'); ta['search'] = new Array('f','Search this wiki'); ta['p-logo'] = new Array('','Main Page'); ta['n-mainpage'] = new Array('z','Visit the Main Page'); ta['n-portal'] = new Array('','About the project, what you can do, where to find things'); ta['n-currentevents'] = new Array('','Find background information on current events'); ta['n-recentchanges'] = new Array('r','The list of recent changes in the wiki.'); ta['n-randompage'] = new Array('x','Load a random page'); ta['n-help'] = new Array('','The place to find out.'); ta['n-sitesupport'] = new Array('','Support us'); ta['t-whatlinkshere'] = new Array('j','List of all wiki pages that link here'); ta['t-recentchangeslinked'] = new Array('k','Recent changes in pages linked from this page'); ta['feed-rss'] = new Array('','RSS feed for this page'); ta['feed-atom'] = new Array('','Atom feed for this page'); ta['t-contributions'] = new Array('','View the list of contributions of this user'); ta['t-emailuser'] = new Array('','Send a mail to this user'); ta['t-upload'] = new Array('u','Upload images or media files'); ta['t-specialpages'] = new Array('q','List of all special pages'); ta['ca-nstab-main'] = new Array('c','View the content page'); ta['ca-nstab-user'] = new Array('c','View the user page'); ta['ca-nstab-media'] = new Array('c','View the media page'); ta['ca-nstab-special'] = new Array('','This is a special page, you can\'t edit the page itself.'); ta['ca-nstab-wp'] = new Array('a','View the project page'); ta['ca-nstab-image'] = new Array('c','View the image page'); ta['ca-nstab-mediawiki'] = new Array('c','View the system message'); ta['ca-nstab-template'] = new Array('c','View the template'); ta['ca-nstab-help'] = new Array('c','View the help page'); ta['ca-nstab-category'] = new Array('c','View the category page'); 7050 2005-11-29T21:17:23Z MediaWiki default /* tooltips and access keys */ ta = new Object(); ta['pt-userpage'] = new Array('.','My user page'); ta['pt-anonuserpage'] = new Array('.','The user page for the ip you\'re editing as'); ta['pt-mytalk'] = new Array('n','My talk page'); ta['pt-anontalk'] = new Array('n','Discussion about edits from this ip address'); ta['pt-preferences'] = new Array('','My preferences'); ta['pt-watchlist'] = new Array('l','The list of pages you\'re monitoring for changes.'); ta['pt-mycontris'] = new Array('y','List of my contributions'); ta['pt-login'] = new Array('o','You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.'); ta['pt-anonlogin'] = new Array('o','You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.'); ta['pt-logout'] = new Array('o','Log out'); ta['ca-talk'] = new Array('t','Discussion about the content page'); ta['ca-edit'] = new Array('e','You can edit this page. Please use the preview button before saving.'); ta['ca-addsection'] = new Array('+','Add a comment to this discussion.'); ta['ca-viewsource'] = new Array('e','This page is protected. You can view its source.'); ta['ca-history'] = new Array('h','Past versions of this page.'); ta['ca-protect'] = new Array('=','Protect this page'); ta['ca-delete'] = new Array('d','Delete this page'); ta['ca-undelete'] = new Array('d','Restore the edits done to this page before it was deleted'); ta['ca-move'] = new Array('m','Move this page'); ta['ca-watch'] = new Array('w','Add this page to your watchlist'); ta['ca-unwatch'] = new Array('w','Remove this page from your watchlist'); ta['search'] = new Array('f','Search this wiki'); ta['p-logo'] = new Array('','Main Page'); ta['n-mainpage'] = new Array('z','Visit the Main Page'); ta['n-portal'] = new Array('','About the project, what you can do, where to find things'); ta['n-currentevents'] = new Array('','Find background information on current events'); ta['n-recentchanges'] = new Array('r','The list of recent changes in the wiki.'); ta['n-randompage'] = new Array('x','Load a random page'); ta['n-help'] = new Array('','The place to find out.'); ta['n-sitesupport'] = new Array('','Support us'); ta['t-whatlinkshere'] = new Array('j','List of all wiki pages that link here'); ta['t-recentchangeslinked'] = new Array('k','Recent changes in pages linked from this page'); ta['feed-rss'] = new Array('','RSS feed for this page'); ta['feed-atom'] = new Array('','Atom feed for this page'); ta['t-contributions'] = new Array('','View the list of contributions of this user'); ta['t-emailuser'] = new Array('','Send a mail to this user'); ta['t-upload'] = new Array('u','Upload images or media files'); ta['t-specialpages'] = new Array('q','List of all special pages'); ta['ca-nstab-main'] = new Array('c','View the content page'); ta['ca-nstab-user'] = new Array('c','View the user page'); ta['ca-nstab-media'] = new Array('c','View the media page'); ta['ca-nstab-special'] = new Array('','This is a special page, you can\'t edit the page itself.'); ta['ca-nstab-wp'] = new Array('a','View the project page'); ta['ca-nstab-image'] = new Array('c','View the image page'); ta['ca-nstab-mediawiki'] = new Array('c','View the system message'); ta['ca-nstab-template'] = new Array('c','View the template'); ta['ca-nstab-help'] = new Array('c','View the help page'); ta['ca-nstab-category'] = new Array('c','View the category page'); 7080 2005-12-02T02:29:52Z MediaWiki default /* tooltips and access keys */ ta = new Object(); ta['pt-userpage'] = new Array('.','My user page'); ta['pt-anonuserpage'] = new Array('.','The user page for the ip you\'re editing as'); ta['pt-mytalk'] = new Array('n','My talk page'); ta['pt-anontalk'] = new Array('n','Discussion about edits from this ip address'); ta['pt-preferences'] = new Array('','My preferences'); ta['pt-watchlist'] = new Array('l','The list of pages you\'re monitoring for changes.'); ta['pt-mycontris'] = new Array('y','List of my contributions'); ta['pt-login'] = new Array('o','You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.'); ta['pt-anonlogin'] = new Array('o','You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.'); ta['pt-logout'] = new Array('o','Log out'); ta['ca-talk'] = new Array('t','Discussion about the content page'); ta['ca-edit'] = new Array('e','You can edit this page. Please use the preview button before saving.'); ta['ca-addsection'] = new Array('+','Add a comment to this discussion.'); ta['ca-viewsource'] = new Array('e','This page is protected. You can view its source.'); ta['ca-history'] = new Array('h','Past versions of this page.'); ta['ca-protect'] = new Array('=','Protect this page'); ta['ca-delete'] = new Array('d','Delete this page'); ta['ca-undelete'] = new Array('d','Restore the edits done to this page before it was deleted'); ta['ca-move'] = new Array('m','Move this page'); ta['ca-watch'] = new Array('w','Add this page to your watchlist'); ta['ca-unwatch'] = new Array('w','Remove this page from your watchlist'); ta['search'] = new Array('f','Search this wiki'); ta['p-logo'] = new Array('','Main Page'); ta['n-mainpage'] = new Array('z','Visit the Main Page'); ta['n-portal'] = new Array('','About the project, what you can do, where to find things'); ta['n-currentevents'] = new Array('','Find background information on current events'); ta['n-recentchanges'] = new Array('r','The list of recent changes in the wiki.'); ta['n-randompage'] = new Array('x','Load a random page'); ta['n-help'] = new Array('','The place to find out.'); ta['n-sitesupport'] = new Array('','Support us'); ta['t-whatlinkshere'] = new Array('j','List of all wiki pages that link here'); ta['t-recentchangeslinked'] = new Array('k','Recent changes in pages linked from this page'); ta['feed-rss'] = new Array('','RSS feed for this page'); ta['feed-atom'] = new Array('','Atom feed for this page'); ta['t-contributions'] = new Array('','View the list of contributions of this user'); ta['t-emailuser'] = new Array('','Send a mail to this user'); ta['t-upload'] = new Array('u','Upload images or media files'); ta['t-specialpages'] = new Array('q','List of all special pages'); ta['ca-nstab-main'] = new Array('c','View the content page'); ta['ca-nstab-user'] = new Array('c','View the user page'); ta['ca-nstab-media'] = new Array('c','View the media page'); ta['ca-nstab-special'] = new Array('','This is a special page, you can\'t edit the page itself.'); ta['ca-nstab-wp'] = new Array('a','View the project page'); ta['ca-nstab-image'] = new Array('c','View the image page'); ta['ca-nstab-mediawiki'] = new Array('c','View the system message'); ta['ca-nstab-template'] = new Array('c','View the template'); ta['ca-nstab-help'] = new Array('c','View the help page'); ta['ca-nstab-category'] = new Array('c','View the category page'); 7118 2005-12-02T04:04:49Z MediaWiki default /* tooltips and access keys */ ta = new Object(); ta['pt-userpage'] = new Array('.','My user page'); ta['pt-anonuserpage'] = new Array('.','The user page for the ip you\'re editing as'); ta['pt-mytalk'] = new Array('n','My talk page'); ta['pt-anontalk'] = new Array('n','Discussion about edits from this ip address'); ta['pt-preferences'] = new Array('','My preferences'); ta['pt-watchlist'] = new Array('l','The list of pages you\'re monitoring for changes.'); ta['pt-mycontris'] = new Array('y','List of my contributions'); ta['pt-login'] = new Array('o','You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.'); ta['pt-anonlogin'] = new Array('o','You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.'); ta['pt-logout'] = new Array('o','Log out'); ta['ca-talk'] = new Array('t','Discussion about the content page'); ta['ca-edit'] = new Array('e','You can edit this page. Please use the preview button before saving.'); ta['ca-addsection'] = new Array('+','Add a comment to this discussion.'); ta['ca-viewsource'] = new Array('e','This page is protected. You can view its source.'); ta['ca-history'] = new Array('h','Past versions of this page.'); ta['ca-protect'] = new Array('=','Protect this page'); ta['ca-delete'] = new Array('d','Delete this page'); ta['ca-undelete'] = new Array('d','Restore the edits done to this page before it was deleted'); ta['ca-move'] = new Array('m','Move this page'); ta['ca-watch'] = new Array('w','Add this page to your watchlist'); ta['ca-unwatch'] = new Array('w','Remove this page from your watchlist'); ta['search'] = new Array('f','Search this wiki'); ta['p-logo'] = new Array('','Main Page'); ta['n-mainpage'] = new Array('z','Visit the Main Page'); ta['n-portal'] = new Array('','About the project, what you can do, where to find things'); ta['n-currentevents'] = new Array('','Find background information on current events'); ta['n-recentchanges'] = new Array('r','The list of recent changes in the wiki.'); ta['n-randompage'] = new Array('x','Load a random page'); ta['n-help'] = new Array('','The place to find out.'); ta['n-sitesupport'] = new Array('','Support us'); ta['t-whatlinkshere'] = new Array('j','List of all wiki pages that link here'); ta['t-recentchangeslinked'] = new Array('k','Recent changes in pages linked from this page'); ta['feed-rss'] = new Array('','RSS feed for this page'); ta['feed-atom'] = new Array('','Atom feed for this page'); ta['t-contributions'] = new Array('','View the list of contributions of this user'); ta['t-emailuser'] = new Array('','Send a mail to this user'); ta['t-upload'] = new Array('u','Upload images or media files'); ta['t-specialpages'] = new Array('q','List of all special pages'); ta['ca-nstab-main'] = new Array('c','View the content page'); ta['ca-nstab-user'] = new Array('c','View the user page'); ta['ca-nstab-media'] = new Array('c','View the media page'); ta['ca-nstab-special'] = new Array('','This is a special page, you can\'t edit the page itself.'); ta['ca-nstab-wp'] = new Array('a','View the project page'); ta['ca-nstab-image'] = new Array('c','View the image page'); ta['ca-nstab-mediawiki'] = new Array('c','View the system message'); ta['ca-nstab-template'] = new Array('c','View the template'); ta['ca-nstab-help'] = new Array('c','View the help page'); ta['ca-nstab-category'] = new Array('c','View the category page'); 8518 2006-07-01T18:57:56Z MediaWiki default /* tooltips and access keys */ ta = new Object(); ta['pt-userpage'] = new Array('.','My user page'); ta['pt-anonuserpage'] = new Array('.','The user page for the ip you\'re editing as'); ta['pt-mytalk'] = new Array('n','My talk page'); ta['pt-anontalk'] = new Array('n','Discussion about edits from this ip address'); ta['pt-preferences'] = new Array('','My preferences'); ta['pt-watchlist'] = new Array('l','The list of pages you\'re monitoring for changes.'); ta['pt-mycontris'] = new Array('y','List of my contributions'); ta['pt-login'] = new Array('o','You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.'); ta['pt-anonlogin'] = new Array('o','You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.'); ta['pt-logout'] = new Array('o','Log out'); ta['ca-talk'] = new Array('t','Discussion about the content page'); ta['ca-edit'] = new Array('e','You can edit this page. Please use the preview button before saving.'); ta['ca-addsection'] = new Array('+','Add a comment to this discussion.'); ta['ca-viewsource'] = new Array('e','This page is protected. You can view its source.'); ta['ca-history'] = new Array('h','Past versions of this page.'); ta['ca-protect'] = new Array('=','Protect this page'); ta['ca-delete'] = new Array('d','Delete this page'); ta['ca-undelete'] = new Array('d','Restore the edits done to this page before it was deleted'); ta['ca-move'] = new Array('m','Move this page'); ta['ca-watch'] = new Array('w','Add this page to your watchlist'); ta['ca-unwatch'] = new Array('w','Remove this page from your watchlist'); ta['search'] = new Array('f','Search this wiki'); ta['p-logo'] = new Array('','Main Page'); ta['n-mainpage'] = new Array('z','Visit the Main Page'); ta['n-portal'] = new Array('','About the project, what you can do, where to find things'); ta['n-currentevents'] = new Array('','Find background information on current events'); ta['n-recentchanges'] = new Array('r','The list of recent changes in the wiki.'); ta['n-randompage'] = new Array('x','Load a random page'); ta['n-help'] = new Array('','The place to find out.'); ta['n-sitesupport'] = new Array('','Support us'); ta['t-whatlinkshere'] = new Array('j','List of all wiki pages that link here'); ta['t-recentchangeslinked'] = new Array('k','Recent changes in pages linked from this page'); ta['feed-rss'] = new Array('','RSS feed for this page'); ta['feed-atom'] = new Array('','Atom feed for this page'); ta['t-contributions'] = new Array('','View the list of contributions of this user'); ta['t-emailuser'] = new Array('','Send a mail to this user'); ta['t-upload'] = new Array('u','Upload images or media files'); ta['t-specialpages'] = new Array('q','List of all special pages'); ta['ca-nstab-main'] = new Array('c','View the content page'); ta['ca-nstab-user'] = new Array('c','View the user page'); ta['ca-nstab-media'] = new Array('c','View the media page'); ta['ca-nstab-special'] = new Array('','This is a special page, you can\'t edit the page itself.'); ta['ca-nstab-project'] = new Array('a','View the project page'); ta['ca-nstab-image'] = new Array('c','View the image page'); ta['ca-nstab-mediawiki'] = new Array('c','View the system message'); ta['ca-nstab-template'] = new Array('c','View the template'); ta['ca-nstab-help'] = new Array('c','View the help page'); ta['ca-nstab-category'] = new Array('c','View the category page'); 9232 2006-08-31T18:54:11Z MediaWiki default /* tooltips and access keys */ var ta = new Object(); ta['pt-userpage'] = new Array('.','My user page'); ta['pt-anonuserpage'] = new Array('.','The user page for the ip you\'re editing as'); ta['pt-mytalk'] = new Array('n','My talk page'); ta['pt-anontalk'] = new Array('n','Discussion about edits from this ip address'); ta['pt-preferences'] = new Array('','My preferences'); ta['pt-watchlist'] = new Array('l','The list of pages you\'re monitoring for changes.'); ta['pt-mycontris'] = new Array('y','List of my contributions'); ta['pt-login'] = new Array('o','You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.'); ta['pt-anonlogin'] = new Array('o','You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.'); ta['pt-logout'] = new Array('o','Log out'); ta['ca-talk'] = new Array('t','Discussion about the content page'); ta['ca-edit'] = new Array('e','You can edit this page. Please use the preview button before saving.'); ta['ca-addsection'] = new Array('+','Add a comment to this discussion.'); ta['ca-viewsource'] = new Array('e','This page is protected. You can view its source.'); ta['ca-history'] = new Array('h','Past versions of this page.'); ta['ca-protect'] = new Array('=','Protect this page'); ta['ca-delete'] = new Array('d','Delete this page'); ta['ca-undelete'] = new Array('d','Restore the edits done to this page before it was deleted'); ta['ca-move'] = new Array('m','Move this page'); ta['ca-watch'] = new Array('w','Add this page to your watchlist'); ta['ca-unwatch'] = new Array('w','Remove this page from your watchlist'); ta['search'] = new Array('f','Search this wiki'); ta['p-logo'] = new Array('','Main Page'); ta['n-mainpage'] = new Array('z','Visit the Main Page'); ta['n-portal'] = new Array('','About the project, what you can do, where to find things'); ta['n-currentevents'] = new Array('','Find background information on current events'); ta['n-recentchanges'] = new Array('r','The list of recent changes in the wiki.'); ta['n-randompage'] = new Array('x','Load a random page'); ta['n-help'] = new Array('','The place to find out.'); ta['n-sitesupport'] = new Array('','Support us'); ta['t-whatlinkshere'] = new Array('j','List of all wiki pages that link here'); ta['t-recentchangeslinked'] = new Array('k','Recent changes in pages linked from this page'); ta['feed-rss'] = new Array('','RSS feed for this page'); ta['feed-atom'] = new Array('','Atom feed for this page'); ta['t-contributions'] = new Array('','View the list of contributions of this user'); ta['t-emailuser'] = new Array('','Send a mail to this user'); ta['t-upload'] = new Array('u','Upload images or media files'); ta['t-specialpages'] = new Array('q','List of all special pages'); ta['ca-nstab-main'] = new Array('c','View the content page'); ta['ca-nstab-user'] = new Array('c','View the user page'); ta['ca-nstab-media'] = new Array('c','View the media page'); ta['ca-nstab-special'] = new Array('','This is a special page, you can\'t edit the page itself.'); ta['ca-nstab-project'] = new Array('a','View the project page'); ta['ca-nstab-image'] = new Array('c','View the image page'); ta['ca-nstab-mediawiki'] = new Array('c','View the system message'); ta['ca-nstab-template'] = new Array('c','View the template'); ta['ca-nstab-help'] = new Array('c','View the help page'); ta['ca-nstab-category'] = new Array('c','View the category page'); MediaWiki:Acct creation throttle hit 776 sysop 1477 2004-06-29T12:21:56Z MediaWiki default Sorry, you have already created $1 accounts. You can't make any more. 2723 2004-12-23T04:20:14Z MediaWiki default Sorry, you have already created $1 accounts. You can't make any more. 4348 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Sorry, you have already created $1 accounts. You can't make any more. MediaWiki:Categoryarticlecount 777 sysop 1545 2004-06-29T12:21:56Z MediaWiki default There are $1 articles in this category. 2803 2004-12-23T04:20:26Z MediaWiki default There are $1 articles in this category. 4349 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default There are $1 articles in this category. 8535 2006-07-01T18:57:57Z MediaWiki default There {{PLURAL:$1|is one article|are $1 articles}} in this category. MediaWiki:Clearyourcache 778 sysop 1548 2004-06-29T12:21:56Z MediaWiki default '''Note:''' After saving, you have to clear your browser cache to see the changes: '''Mozilla:''' click ''reload''(or ''ctrl-r''), '''IE / Opera:''' ''ctrl-f5'', '''Safari:''' ''cmd-r'', '''Konqueror''' ''ctrl-r''. 2807 2004-12-23T04:20:26Z MediaWiki default '''Note:''' After saving, you have to clear your browser cache to see the changes: '''Mozilla:''' click ''Reload'' (or ''Ctrl-R''), '''IE / Opera:''' ''Ctrl-F5'', '''Safari:''' ''Cmd-R'', '''Konqueror''' ''Ctrl-R''. 4350 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default '''Note:''' After saving, you have to clear your browser cache to see the changes: '''Mozilla:''' click ''Reload'' (or ''Ctrl-R''), '''IE / Opera:''' ''Ctrl-F5'', '''Safari:''' ''Cmd-R'', '''Konqueror''' ''Ctrl-R''. 6004 2005-08-19T23:24:03Z MediaWiki default '''Note:''' After saving, you may have to bypass your browser's cache to see the changes. '''Mozilla / Firefox / Safari:''' hold down ''Shift'' while clicking ''Reload'', or press ''Ctrl-Shift-R'' (''Cmd-Shift-R'' on Apple Mac); '''IE:''' hold ''Ctrl'' while clicking ''Refresh'', or press ''Ctrl-F5''; '''Konqueror:''': simply click the ''Reload'' button, or press ''F5''; '''Opera''' users may need to completely clear their cache in ''Tools&rarr;Preferences''. 8538 2006-07-01T18:57:57Z MediaWiki default '''Note:''' After saving, you may have to bypass your browser's cache to see the changes. '''Mozilla / Firefox / Safari:''' hold down ''Shift'' while clicking ''Reload'', or press ''Ctrl-Shift-R'' (''Cmd-Shift-R'' on Apple Mac); '''IE:''' hold ''Ctrl'' while clicking ''Refresh'', or press ''Ctrl-F5''; '''Konqueror:''': simply click the ''Reload'' button, or press ''F5''; '''Opera''' users may need to completely clear their cache in ''Tools→Preferences''. MediaWiki:Creditspage 779 sysop 1571 2004-06-29T12:21:56Z MediaWiki default Page credits 2831 2004-12-23T04:20:28Z MediaWiki default Page credits 4351 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Page credits MediaWiki:Fileexists 780 sysop 1645 2004-06-29T12:21:56Z MediaWiki default A file with this name exists already, please check $1 if you are not sure if you want to change it. 2916 2004-12-23T04:20:45Z MediaWiki default A file with this name exists already, please check $1 if you are not sure if you want to change it. 4352 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default A file with this name exists already, please check $1 if you are not sure if you want to change it. MediaWiki:History copyright 781 sysop 1666 2004-06-29T12:21:56Z MediaWiki default - 2938 2004-12-23T04:20:50Z MediaWiki default - 4353 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default - MediaWiki:Listadmins 782 sysop 1720 2004-06-29T12:21:56Z MediaWiki default Admins list 2995 2004-12-23T04:21:05Z MediaWiki default Admins list 4354 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Admins list MediaWiki:Newwindow 783 sysop 1820 2004-06-29T12:21:56Z MediaWiki default (opens in new window) 3107 2004-12-23T04:21:23Z MediaWiki default (opens in new window) 4355 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default (opens in new window) 6494 2005-10-14T10:47:40Z Bombo 12 (opens in lininísa ya sika) MediaWiki:Nocredits 784 sysop 1832 2004-06-29T12:21:56Z MediaWiki default There is no credits info available for this page. 3122 2004-12-23T04:21:24Z MediaWiki default There is no credits info available for this page. 4356 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default There is no credits info available for this page. MediaWiki:Others 785 sysop 1877 2004-06-29T12:21:56Z MediaWiki default others 3174 2004-12-23T04:21:29Z MediaWiki default others 4357 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default others MediaWiki:Qbsettingsnote 786 sysop 1932 2004-06-29T12:21:56Z MediaWiki default This preference only works in the 'Standard' and the 'CologneBlue' skin. 3232 2004-12-23T04:21:38Z MediaWiki default This preference only works in the 'Standard' and the 'CologneBlue' skin. 4358 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default This preference only works in the 'Standard' and the 'CologneBlue' skin. MediaWiki:Spamprotectiontext 787 sysop 2018 2004-06-29T12:21:56Z MediaWiki default The page you wanted to save was blocked by the spam filter. This is probably caused by a link to an external site. You might want to check the following regular expression for patterns that are currently blocked: 3363 2004-12-23T04:21:59Z MediaWiki default The page you wanted to save was blocked by the spam filter. This is probably caused by a link to an external site. 4359 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default The page you wanted to save was blocked by the spam filter. This is probably caused by a link to an external site. MediaWiki:Spamprotectiontitle 788 sysop 2019 2004-06-29T12:21:56Z MediaWiki default Spam protection filter 3364 2004-12-23T04:21:59Z MediaWiki default Spam protection filter 4360 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Spam protection filter MediaWiki:Subcategorycount 789 sysop 2029 2004-06-29T12:21:56Z MediaWiki default There are $1 subcategories to this category. 3376 2004-12-23T04:22:00Z MediaWiki default There are $1 subcategories to this category. 4361 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default There are $1 subcategories to this category. 8647 2006-07-01T18:57:59Z MediaWiki default There {{PLURAL:$1|is one subcategory|are $1 subcategories}} to this category. MediaWiki:Timezonelegend 790 sysop 2047 2004-06-29T12:21:56Z MediaWiki default Time zone 3396 2004-12-23T04:22:01Z MediaWiki default Time zone 4362 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Time zone MediaWiki:Usenewcategorypage 791 sysop 2108 2004-06-29T12:21:56Z MediaWiki default 1 Set first character to "0" to disable the new category page layout. 3477 2004-12-23T04:22:05Z MediaWiki default 1 Set first character to "0" to disable the new category page layout. 4363 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default 1 Set first character to "0" to disable the new category page layout. Wikipedia:All system messages 792 4364 2004-06-29T12:24:26Z MediaWiki default {{int:allmessagestext}} <table border=1 width=100%><tr><td> '''Name''' </td><td> '''Default text''' </td><td> '''Current text''' </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:1movedto2&action=edit 1movedto2]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:1movedto2|Talk]] </td><td> $1 moved to $2 </td><td> {{int:1movedto2}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:1movedto2_redir&action=edit 1movedto2_redir]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:1movedto2_redir|Talk]] </td><td> $1 moved to $2 over redirect </td><td> {{int:1movedto2_redir}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Monobook.css&action=edit Monobook.css]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Monobook.css|Talk]] </td><td> /* edit this file to customize the monobook skin for the entire site */ </td><td> {{int:Monobook.css}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Monobook.js&action=edit Monobook.js]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Monobook.js|Talk]] </td><td> /* tooltips and access keys */ ta = new Object(); ta&#91;&#39;pt-userpage&#39;] = new Array(&#39;.&#39;,&#39;My user page&#39;); ta&#91;&#39;pt-anonuserpage&#39;] = new Array(&#39;.&#39;,&#39;The user page for the ip you\&#39;re editing as&#39;); ta&#91;&#39;pt-mytalk&#39;] = new Array(&#39;n&#39;,&#39;My talk page&#39;); ta&#91;&#39;pt-anontalk&#39;] = new Array(&#39;n&#39;,&#39;Discussion about edits from this ip address&#39;); ta&#91;&#39;pt-preferences&#39;] = new Array(&#39;&#39;,&#39;My preferences&#39;); ta&#91;&#39;pt-watchlist&#39;] = new Array(&#39;l&#39;,&#39;The list of pages you\&#39;re monitoring for changes.&#39;); ta&#91;&#39;pt-mycontris&#39;] = new Array(&#39;y&#39;,&#39;List of my contributions&#39;); ta&#91;&#39;pt-login&#39;] = new Array(&#39;o&#39;,&#39;You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.&#39;); ta&#91;&#39;pt-anonlogin&#39;] = new Array(&#39;o&#39;,&#39;You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.&#39;); ta&#91;&#39;pt-logout&#39;] = new Array(&#39;o&#39;,&#39;Log out&#39;); ta&#91;&#39;ca-talk&#39;] = new Array(&#39;t&#39;,&#39;Discussion about the content page&#39;); ta&#91;&#39;ca-edit&#39;] = new Array(&#39;e&#39;,&#39;You can edit this page. Please use the preview button before saving.&#39;); ta&#91;&#39;ca-addsection&#39;] = new Array(&#39;+&#39;,&#39;Add a comment to this discussion.&#39;); ta&#91;&#39;ca-viewsource&#39;] = new Array(&#39;e&#39;,&#39;This page is protected. You can view its source.&#39;); ta&#91;&#39;ca-history&#39;] = new Array(&#39;h&#39;,&#39;Past versions of this page.&#39;); ta&#91;&#39;ca-protect&#39;] = new Array(&#39;=&#39;,&#39;Protect this page&#39;); ta&#91;&#39;ca-delete&#39;] = new Array(&#39;d&#39;,&#39;Delete this page&#39;); ta&#91;&#39;ca-undelete&#39;] = new Array(&#39;d&#39;,&#39;Restore the edits done to this page before it was deleted&#39;); ta&#91;&#39;ca-move&#39;] = new Array(&#39;m&#39;,&#39;Move this page&#39;); ta&#91;&#39;ca-nomove&#39;] = new Array(&#39;&#39;,&#39;You don\&#39;t have the permissions to move this page&#39;); ta&#91;&#39;ca-watch&#39;] = new Array(&#39;w&#39;,&#39;Add this page to your watchlist&#39;); ta&#91;&#39;ca-unwatch&#39;] = new Array(&#39;w&#39;,&#39;Remove this page from your watchlist&#39;); ta&#91;&#39;search&#39;] = new Array(&#39;f&#39;,&#39;Search this wiki&#39;); ta&#91;&#39;p-logo&#39;] = new Array(&#39;&#39;,&#39;Main Page&#39;); ta&#91;&#39;n-mainpage&#39;] = new Array(&#39;z&#39;,&#39;Visit the Main Page&#39;); ta&#91;&#39;n-portal&#39;] = new Array(&#39;&#39;,&#39;About the project, what you can do, where to find things&#39;); ta&#91;&#39;n-currentevents&#39;] = new Array(&#39;&#39;,&#39;Find background information on current events&#39;); ta&#91;&#39;n-recentchanges&#39;] = new Array(&#39;r&#39;,&#39;The list of recent changes in the wiki.&#39;); ta&#91;&#39;n-randompage&#39;] = new Array(&#39;x&#39;,&#39;Load a random page&#39;); ta&#91;&#39;n-help&#39;] = new Array(&#39;&#39;,&#39;The place to find out.&#39;); ta&#91;&#39;n-sitesupport&#39;] = new Array(&#39;&#39;,&#39;Support us&#39;); ta&#91;&#39;t-whatlinkshere&#39;] = new Array(&#39;j&#39;,&#39;List of all wiki pages that link here&#39;); ta&#91;&#39;t-recentchangeslinked&#39;] = new Array(&#39;k&#39;,&#39;Recent changes in pages linking to this page&#39;); ta&#91;&#39;feed-rss&#39;] = new Array(&#39;&#39;,&#39;RSS feed for this page&#39;); ta&#91;&#39;feed-atom&#39;] = new Array(&#39;&#39;,&#39;Atom feed for this page&#39;); ta&#91;&#39;t-contributions&#39;] = new Array(&#39;&#39;,&#39;View the list of contributions of this user&#39;); ta&#91;&#39;t-emailuser&#39;] = new Array(&#39;&#39;,&#39;Send a mail to this user&#39;); ta&#91;&#39;t-upload&#39;] = new Array(&#39;u&#39;,&#39;Upload images or media files&#39;); ta&#91;&#39;t-specialpages&#39;] = new Array(&#39;q&#39;,&#39;List of all special pages&#39;); ta&#91;&#39;ca-nstab-main&#39;] = new Array(&#39;c&#39;,&#39;View the content page&#39;); ta&#91;&#39;ca-nstab-user&#39;] = new Array(&#39;c&#39;,&#39;View the user page&#39;); ta&#91;&#39;ca-nstab-media&#39;] = new Array(&#39;c&#39;,&#39;View the media page&#39;); ta&#91;&#39;ca-nstab-special&#39;] = new Array(&#39;&#39;,&#39;This is a special page, you can\&#39;t edit the page itself.&#39;); ta&#91;&#39;ca-nstab-wp&#39;] = new Array(&#39;a&#39;,&#39;View the project page&#39;); ta&#91;&#39;ca-nstab-image&#39;] = new Array(&#39;c&#39;,&#39;View the image page&#39;); ta&#91;&#39;ca-nstab-mediawiki&#39;] = new Array(&#39;c&#39;,&#39;View the system message&#39;); ta&#91;&#39;ca-nstab-template&#39;] = new Array(&#39;c&#39;,&#39;View the template&#39;); ta&#91;&#39;ca-nstab-help&#39;] = new Array(&#39;c&#39;,&#39;View the help page&#39;); ta&#91;&#39;ca-nstab-category&#39;] = new Array(&#39;c&#39;,&#39;View the category page&#39;); </td><td> {{int:Monobook.js}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:About&action=edit about]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:About|Talk]] </td><td> About </td><td> {{int:About}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Aboutpage&action=edit aboutpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Aboutpage|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:About </td><td> {{int:Aboutpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Aboutwikipedia&action=edit aboutwikipedia]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Aboutwikipedia|Talk]] </td><td> About Wikipedia </td><td> {{int:Aboutwikipedia}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-compareselectedversions&action=edit accesskey-compareselectedversions]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-compareselectedversions|Talk]] </td><td> v </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-compareselectedversions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-minoredit&action=edit accesskey-minoredit]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-minoredit|Talk]] </td><td> i </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-minoredit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-preview&action=edit accesskey-preview]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-preview|Talk]] </td><td> p </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-preview}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-save&action=edit accesskey-save]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-save|Talk]] </td><td> s </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-save}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-search&action=edit accesskey-search]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-search|Talk]] </td><td> f </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-search}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accmailtext&action=edit accmailtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accmailtext|Talk]] </td><td> The Password for &#39;$1&#39; has been sent to $2. </td><td> {{int:Accmailtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accmailtitle&action=edit accmailtitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accmailtitle|Talk]] </td><td> Password sent. </td><td> {{int:Accmailtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Acct_creation_throttle_hit&action=edit acct_creation_throttle_hit]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Acct_creation_throttle_hit|Talk]] </td><td> Sorry, you have already created $1 accounts. You can&#39;t make any more. </td><td> {{int:Acct_creation_throttle_hit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Actioncomplete&action=edit actioncomplete]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Actioncomplete|Talk]] </td><td> Action complete </td><td> {{int:Actioncomplete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Addedwatch&action=edit addedwatch]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Addedwatch|Talk]] </td><td> Added to watchlist </td><td> {{int:Addedwatch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Addedwatchtext&action=edit addedwatchtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Addedwatchtext|Talk]] </td><td> The page &quot;$1&quot; has been added to your &#91;&#91;Special:Watchlist&#124;watchlist]]. Future changes to this page and its associated Talk page will be listed there, and the page will appear &#39;&#39;&#39;bolded&#39;&#39;&#39; in the &#91;&#91;Special:Recentchanges&#124;list of recent changes]] to make it easier to pick out. &lt;p&gt;If you want to remove the page from your watchlist later, click &quot;Stop watching&quot; in the sidebar. </td><td> {{int:Addedwatchtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Addsection&action=edit addsection]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Addsection|Talk]] </td><td> + </td><td> {{int:Addsection}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Administrators&action=edit administrators]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Administrators|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:Administrators </td><td> {{int:Administrators}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Affirmation&action=edit affirmation]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Affirmation|Talk]] </td><td> I affirm that the copyright holder of this file agrees to license it under the terms of the $1. </td><td> {{int:Affirmation}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:All&action=edit all]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:All|Talk]] </td><td> all </td><td> {{int:All}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Allmessages&action=edit allmessages]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Allmessages|Talk]] </td><td> All system messages </td><td> {{int:Allmessages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Allmessagestext&action=edit allmessagestext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Allmessagestext|Talk]] </td><td> This is a list of all system messages available in the MediaWiki: namespace. </td><td> {{int:Allmessagestext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Allpages&action=edit allpages]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Allpages|Talk]] </td><td> All pages </td><td> {{int:Allpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Alphaindexline&action=edit alphaindexline]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Alphaindexline|Talk]] </td><td> $1 to $2 </td><td> {{int:Alphaindexline}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Alreadyloggedin&action=edit alreadyloggedin]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Alreadyloggedin|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;font color=red&gt;&lt;b&gt;User $1, you are already logged in!&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt; </td><td> {{int:Alreadyloggedin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Alreadyrolled&action=edit alreadyrolled]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Alreadyrolled|Talk]] </td><td> Cannot rollback last edit of &#91;&#91;$1]] by &#91;&#91;User:$2&#124;$2]] (&#91;&#91;User talk:$2&#124;Talk]]); someone else has edited or rolled back the page already. Last edit was by &#91;&#91;User:$3&#124;$3]] (&#91;&#91;User talk:$3&#124;Talk]]). </td><td> {{int:Alreadyrolled}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ancientpages&action=edit ancientpages]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ancientpages|Talk]] </td><td> Oldest pages </td><td> {{int:Ancientpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:And&action=edit and]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:And|Talk]] </td><td> and </td><td> {{int:And}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Anontalk&action=edit anontalk]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Anontalk|Talk]] </td><td> Talk for this IP </td><td> {{int:Anontalk}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Anontalkpagetext&action=edit anontalkpagetext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Anontalkpagetext|Talk]] </td><td> ----&#39;&#39;This is the discussion page for an anonymous user who has not created an account yet or who does not use it. We therefore have to use the numerical &#91;&#91;IP address]] to identify him/her. Such an IP address can be shared by several users. If you are an anonymous user and feel that irrelevant comments have been directed at you, please &#91;&#91;Special:Userlogin&#124;create an account or log in]] to avoid future confusion with other anonymous users.&#39;&#39; </td><td> {{int:Anontalkpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Anonymous&action=edit anonymous]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Anonymous|Talk]] </td><td> Anonymous user(s) of Wikipedia </td><td> {{int:Anonymous}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Article&action=edit article]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Article|Talk]] </td><td> Content page </td><td> {{int:Article}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Articleexists&action=edit articleexists]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Articleexists|Talk]] </td><td> A page of that name already exists, or the name you have chosen is not valid. Please choose another name. </td><td> {{int:Articleexists}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Articlepage&action=edit articlepage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Articlepage|Talk]] </td><td> View content page </td><td> {{int:Articlepage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Asksql&action=edit asksql]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Asksql|Talk]] </td><td> SQL query </td><td> {{int:Asksql}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Asksqltext&action=edit asksqltext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Asksqltext|Talk]] </td><td> Use the form below to make a direct query of the database. Use single quotes (&#39;like this&#39;) to delimit string literals. This can often add considerable load to the server, so please use this function sparingly. </td><td> {{int:Asksqltext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Autoblocker&action=edit autoblocker]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Autoblocker|Talk]] </td><td> Autoblocked because you share an IP address with &quot;$1&quot;. Reason &quot;$2&quot;. </td><td> {{int:Autoblocker}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badarticleerror&action=edit badarticleerror]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Badarticleerror|Talk]] </td><td> This action cannot be performed on this page. </td><td> {{int:Badarticleerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badfilename&action=edit badfilename]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Badfilename|Talk]] </td><td> Image name has been changed to &quot;$1&quot;. </td><td> {{int:Badfilename}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badfiletype&action=edit badfiletype]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Badfiletype|Talk]] </td><td> &quot;.$1&quot; is not a recommended image file format. </td><td> {{int:Badfiletype}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badipaddress&action=edit badipaddress]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Badipaddress|Talk]] </td><td> Invalid IP address </td><td> {{int:Badipaddress}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badquery&action=edit badquery]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Badquery|Talk]] </td><td> Badly formed search query </td><td> {{int:Badquery}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badquerytext&action=edit badquerytext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Badquerytext|Talk]] </td><td> We could not process your query. This is probably because you have attempted to search for a word fewer than three letters long, which is not yet supported. It could also be that you have mistyped the expression, for example &quot;fish and and scales&quot;. Please try another query. </td><td> {{int:Badquerytext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badretype&action=edit badretype]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Badretype|Talk]] </td><td> The passwords you entered do not match. </td><td> {{int:Badretype}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badtitle&action=edit badtitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Badtitle|Talk]] </td><td> Bad title </td><td> {{int:Badtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badtitletext&action=edit badtitletext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Badtitletext|Talk]] </td><td> The requested page title was invalid, empty, or an incorrectly linked inter-language or inter-wiki title. </td><td> {{int:Badtitletext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blanknamespace&action=edit blanknamespace]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Blanknamespace|Talk]] </td><td> (Main) </td><td> {{int:Blanknamespace}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockedtext&action=edit blockedtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Blockedtext|Talk]] </td><td> Your user name or IP address has been blocked by $1. The reason given is this:&lt;br /&gt;&#39;&#39;$2&#39;&#39;&lt;p&gt;You may contact $1 or one of the other &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:Administrators&#124;administrators]] to discuss the block. Note that you may not use the &quot;email this user&quot; feature unless you have a valid email address registered in your &#91;&#91;Special:Preferences&#124;user preferences]]. Your IP address is $3. Please include this address in any queries you make. </td><td> {{int:Blockedtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockedtitle&action=edit blockedtitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Blockedtitle|Talk]] </td><td> User is blocked </td><td> {{int:Blockedtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockip&action=edit blockip]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Blockip|Talk]] </td><td> Block user </td><td> {{int:Blockip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockipsuccesssub&action=edit blockipsuccesssub]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Blockipsuccesssub|Talk]] </td><td> Block succeeded </td><td> {{int:Blockipsuccesssub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockipsuccesstext&action=edit blockipsuccesstext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Blockipsuccesstext|Talk]] </td><td> &quot;$1&quot; has been blocked. &lt;br /&gt;See &#91;&#91;Special:Ipblocklist&#124;IP block list]] to review blocks. </td><td> {{int:Blockipsuccesstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockiptext&action=edit blockiptext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Blockiptext|Talk]] </td><td> Use the form below to block write access from a specific IP address or username. This should be done only only to prevent vandalism, and in accordance with &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:Policy&#124;policy]]. Fill in a specific reason below (for example, citing particular pages that were vandalized). </td><td> {{int:Blockiptext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklink&action=edit blocklink]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Blocklink|Talk]] </td><td> block </td><td> {{int:Blocklink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklistline&action=edit blocklistline]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Blocklistline|Talk]] </td><td> $1, $2 blocked $3 (expires $4) </td><td> {{int:Blocklistline}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklogentry&action=edit blocklogentry]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Blocklogentry|Talk]] </td><td> blocked &quot;$1&quot; with an expiry time of $2 </td><td> {{int:Blocklogentry}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklogpage&action=edit blocklogpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Blocklogpage|Talk]] </td><td> Block_log </td><td> {{int:Blocklogpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklogtext&action=edit blocklogtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Blocklogtext|Talk]] </td><td> This is a log of user blocking and unblocking actions. Automatically blocked IP addresses are not be listed. See the &#91;&#91;Special:Ipblocklist&#124;IP block list]] for the list of currently operational bans and blocks. </td><td> {{int:Blocklogtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bold_sample&action=edit bold_sample]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Bold_sample|Talk]] </td><td> Bold text </td><td> {{int:Bold_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bold_tip&action=edit bold_tip]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Bold_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Bold text </td><td> {{int:Bold_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Booksources&action=edit booksources]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Booksources|Talk]] </td><td> Book sources </td><td> {{int:Booksources}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Booksourcetext&action=edit booksourcetext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Booksourcetext|Talk]] </td><td> Below is a list of links to other sites that sell new and used books, and may also have further information about books you are looking for.Wikipedia is not affiliated with any of these businesses, and this list should not be construed as an endorsement. </td><td> {{int:Booksourcetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Brokenredirects&action=edit brokenredirects]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Brokenredirects|Talk]] </td><td> Broken Redirects </td><td> {{int:Brokenredirects}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Brokenredirectstext&action=edit brokenredirectstext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Brokenredirectstext|Talk]] </td><td> The following redirects link to a non-existing pages. </td><td> {{int:Brokenredirectstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bugreports&action=edit bugreports]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Bugreports|Talk]] </td><td> Bug reports </td><td> {{int:Bugreports}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bugreportspage&action=edit bugreportspage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Bugreportspage|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:Bug_reports </td><td> {{int:Bugreportspage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bureaucratlog&action=edit bureaucratlog]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Bureaucratlog|Talk]] </td><td> Bureaucrat_log </td><td> {{int:Bureaucratlog}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bureaucratlogentry&action=edit bureaucratlogentry]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Bureaucratlogentry|Talk]] </td><td> Rights for user &quot;$1&quot; set &quot;$2&quot; </td><td> {{int:Bureaucratlogentry}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bureaucrattext&action=edit bureaucrattext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Bureaucrattext|Talk]] </td><td> The action you have requested can only be performed by sysops with &quot;bureaucrat&quot; status. </td><td> {{int:Bureaucrattext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bureaucrattitle&action=edit bureaucrattitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Bureaucrattitle|Talk]] </td><td> Bureaucrat access required </td><td> {{int:Bureaucrattitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bydate&action=edit bydate]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Bydate|Talk]] </td><td> by date </td><td> {{int:Bydate}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Byname&action=edit byname]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Byname|Talk]] </td><td> by name </td><td> {{int:Byname}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bysize&action=edit bysize]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Bysize|Talk]] </td><td> by size </td><td> {{int:Bysize}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cachederror&action=edit cachederror]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Cachederror|Talk]] </td><td> The following is a cached copy of the requested page, and may not be up to date. </td><td> {{int:Cachederror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cancel&action=edit cancel]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Cancel|Talk]] </td><td> Cancel </td><td> {{int:Cancel}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cannotdelete&action=edit cannotdelete]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Cannotdelete|Talk]] </td><td> Could not delete the page or image specified. (It may have already been deleted by someone else.) </td><td> {{int:Cannotdelete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cantrollback&action=edit cantrollback]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Cantrollback|Talk]] </td><td> Cannot revert edit; last contributor is only author of this page. </td><td> {{int:Cantrollback}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Categories&action=edit categories]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Categories|Talk]] </td><td> Categories </td><td> {{int:Categories}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Category&action=edit category]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Category|Talk]] </td><td> category </td><td> {{int:Category}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Category_header&action=edit category_header]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Category_header|Talk]] </td><td> Articles in category &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> {{int:Category_header}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Categoryarticlecount&action=edit categoryarticlecount]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Categoryarticlecount|Talk]] </td><td> There are $1 articles in this category. </td><td> {{int:Categoryarticlecount}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Changepassword&action=edit changepassword]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Changepassword|Talk]] </td><td> Change password </td><td> {{int:Changepassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Changes&action=edit changes]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Changes|Talk]] </td><td> changes </td><td> {{int:Changes}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Clearyourcache&action=edit clearyourcache]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Clearyourcache|Talk]] </td><td> &#39;&#39;&#39;Note:&#39;&#39;&#39; After saving, you have to clear your browser cache to see the changes: &#39;&#39;&#39;Mozilla:&#39;&#39;&#39; click &#39;&#39;reload&#39;&#39;(or &#39;&#39;ctrl-r&#39;&#39;), &#39;&#39;&#39;IE / Opera:&#39;&#39;&#39; &#39;&#39;ctrl-f5&#39;&#39;, &#39;&#39;&#39;Safari:&#39;&#39;&#39; &#39;&#39;cmd-r&#39;&#39;, &#39;&#39;&#39;Konqueror&#39;&#39;&#39; &#39;&#39;ctrl-r&#39;&#39;. </td><td> {{int:Clearyourcache}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Columns&action=edit columns]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Columns|Talk]] </td><td> Columns </td><td> {{int:Columns}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Commentedit&action=edit commentedit]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Commentedit|Talk]] </td><td> (comment) </td><td> {{int:Commentedit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Compareselectedversions&action=edit compareselectedversions]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Compareselectedversions|Talk]] </td><td> Compare selected versions </td><td> {{int:Compareselectedversions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirm&action=edit confirm]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Confirm|Talk]] </td><td> Confirm </td><td> {{int:Confirm}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmcheck&action=edit confirmcheck]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Confirmcheck|Talk]] </td><td> Yes, I really want to delete this. </td><td> {{int:Confirmcheck}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmdelete&action=edit confirmdelete]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Confirmdelete|Talk]] </td><td> Confirm delete </td><td> {{int:Confirmdelete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmdeletetext&action=edit confirmdeletetext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Confirmdeletetext|Talk]] </td><td> You are about to permanently delete a page or image along with all of its history from the database. Please confirm that you intend to do this, that you understand the consequences, and that you are doing this in accordance with &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:Policy]]. </td><td> {{int:Confirmdeletetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmprotect&action=edit confirmprotect]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Confirmprotect|Talk]] </td><td> Confirm protection </td><td> {{int:Confirmprotect}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmprotecttext&action=edit confirmprotecttext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Confirmprotecttext|Talk]] </td><td> Do you really want to protect this page? </td><td> {{int:Confirmprotecttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmunprotect&action=edit confirmunprotect]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Confirmunprotect|Talk]] </td><td> Confirm unprotection </td><td> {{int:Confirmunprotect}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmunprotecttext&action=edit confirmunprotecttext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Confirmunprotecttext|Talk]] </td><td> Do you really want to unprotect this page? </td><td> {{int:Confirmunprotecttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contextchars&action=edit contextchars]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Contextchars|Talk]] </td><td> Characters of context per line </td><td> {{int:Contextchars}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contextlines&action=edit contextlines]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Contextlines|Talk]] </td><td> Lines to show per hit </td><td> {{int:Contextlines}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contribslink&action=edit contribslink]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Contribslink|Talk]] </td><td> contribs </td><td> {{int:Contribslink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contribsub&action=edit contribsub]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Contribsub|Talk]] </td><td> For $1 </td><td> {{int:Contribsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contributions&action=edit contributions]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Contributions|Talk]] </td><td> User contributions </td><td> {{int:Contributions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Copyright&action=edit copyright]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Copyright|Talk]] </td><td> Content is available under $1. </td><td> {{int:Copyright}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Copyrightpage&action=edit copyrightpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Copyrightpage|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:Copyrights </td><td> {{int:Copyrightpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Copyrightpagename&action=edit copyrightpagename]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Copyrightpagename|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia copyright </td><td> {{int:Copyrightpagename}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Copyrightwarning&action=edit copyrightwarning]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Copyrightwarning|Talk]] </td><td> Please note that all contributions to Wikipedia are considered to be released under the GNU Free Documentation License (see $1 for details). If you don&#39;t want your writing to be edited mercilessly and redistributed at will, then don&#39;t submit it here.&lt;br /&gt; You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource. &lt;strong&gt;DO NOT SUBMIT COPYRIGHTED WORK WITHOUT PERMISSION!&lt;/strong&gt; </td><td> {{int:Copyrightwarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Couldntremove&action=edit couldntremove]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Couldntremove|Talk]] </td><td> Couldn&#39;t remove item &#39;$1&#39;... </td><td> {{int:Couldntremove}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Createaccount&action=edit createaccount]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Createaccount|Talk]] </td><td> Create new account </td><td> {{int:Createaccount}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Createaccountmail&action=edit createaccountmail]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Createaccountmail|Talk]] </td><td> by email </td><td> {{int:Createaccountmail}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Creditspage&action=edit creditspage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Creditspage|Talk]] </td><td> Page credits </td><td> {{int:Creditspage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cur&action=edit cur]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Cur|Talk]] </td><td> cur </td><td> {{int:Cur}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Currentevents&action=edit currentevents]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Currentevents|Talk]] </td><td> Current events </td><td> {{int:Currentevents}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Currentrev&action=edit currentrev]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Currentrev|Talk]] </td><td> Current revision </td><td> {{int:Currentrev}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Databaseerror&action=edit databaseerror]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Databaseerror|Talk]] </td><td> Database error </td><td> {{int:Databaseerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dateformat&action=edit dateformat]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Dateformat|Talk]] </td><td> Date format </td><td> {{int:Dateformat}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dberrortext&action=edit dberrortext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Dberrortext|Talk]] </td><td> A database query syntax error has occurred. This could be because of an illegal search query (see $5), or it may indicate a bug in the software. The last attempted database query was: &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;tt&gt;$1&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt; from within function &quot;&lt;tt&gt;$2&lt;/tt&gt;&quot;. MySQL returned error &quot;&lt;tt&gt;$3: $4&lt;/tt&gt;&quot;. </td><td> {{int:Dberrortext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dberrortextcl&action=edit dberrortextcl]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Dberrortextcl|Talk]] </td><td> A database query syntax error has occurred. The last attempted database query was: &quot;$1&quot; from within function &quot;$2&quot;. MySQL returned error &quot;$3: $4&quot;. </td><td> {{int:Dberrortextcl}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deadendpages&action=edit deadendpages]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Deadendpages|Talk]] </td><td> Dead-end pages </td><td> {{int:Deadendpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Debug&action=edit debug]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Debug|Talk]] </td><td> Debug </td><td> {{int:Debug}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Defaultns&action=edit defaultns]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Defaultns|Talk]] </td><td> Search in these namespaces by default: </td><td> {{int:Defaultns}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Defemailsubject&action=edit defemailsubject]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Defemailsubject|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia e-mail </td><td> {{int:Defemailsubject}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Delete&action=edit delete]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Delete|Talk]] </td><td> Delete </td><td> {{int:Delete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletecomment&action=edit deletecomment]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Deletecomment|Talk]] </td><td> Reason for deletion </td><td> {{int:Deletecomment}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletedarticle&action=edit deletedarticle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Deletedarticle|Talk]] </td><td> deleted &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> {{int:Deletedarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletedtext&action=edit deletedtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Deletedtext|Talk]] </td><td> &quot;$1&quot; has been deleted. See $2 for a record of recent deletions. </td><td> {{int:Deletedtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deleteimg&action=edit deleteimg]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Deleteimg|Talk]] </td><td> del </td><td> {{int:Deleteimg}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletepage&action=edit deletepage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Deletepage|Talk]] </td><td> Delete page </td><td> {{int:Deletepage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletesub&action=edit deletesub]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Deletesub|Talk]] </td><td> (Deleting &quot;$1&quot;) </td><td> {{int:Deletesub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletethispage&action=edit deletethispage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Deletethispage|Talk]] </td><td> Delete this page </td><td> {{int:Deletethispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletionlog&action=edit deletionlog]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Deletionlog|Talk]] </td><td> deletion log </td><td> {{int:Deletionlog}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dellogpage&action=edit dellogpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Dellogpage|Talk]] </td><td> Deletion_log </td><td> {{int:Dellogpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dellogpagetext&action=edit dellogpagetext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Dellogpagetext|Talk]] </td><td> Below is a list of the most recent deletions. All times shown are server time (UTC). &lt;ul&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; </td><td> {{int:Dellogpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Developerspheading&action=edit developerspheading]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Developerspheading|Talk]] </td><td> For developer use only </td><td> {{int:Developerspheading}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Developertext&action=edit developertext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Developertext|Talk]] </td><td> The action you have requested can only be performed by users with &quot;developer&quot; status. See $1. </td><td> {{int:Developertext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Developertitle&action=edit developertitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Developertitle|Talk]] </td><td> Developer access required </td><td> {{int:Developertitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Diff&action=edit diff]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Diff|Talk]] </td><td> diff </td><td> {{int:Diff}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Difference&action=edit difference]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Difference|Talk]] </td><td> (Difference between revisions) </td><td> {{int:Difference}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disambiguations&action=edit disambiguations]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Disambiguations|Talk]] </td><td> Disambiguation pages </td><td> {{int:Disambiguations}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disambiguationspage&action=edit disambiguationspage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Disambiguationspage|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:Links_to_disambiguating_pages </td><td> {{int:Disambiguationspage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disambiguationstext&action=edit disambiguationstext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Disambiguationstext|Talk]] </td><td> The following pages link to a &lt;i&gt;disambiguation page&lt;/i&gt;. They should link to the appropriate topic instead.&lt;br /&gt;A page is treated as dismbiguation if it is linked from $1.&lt;br /&gt;Links from other namespaces are &lt;i&gt;not&lt;/i&gt; listed here. </td><td> {{int:Disambiguationstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disclaimerpage&action=edit disclaimerpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Disclaimerpage|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:General_disclaimer </td><td> {{int:Disclaimerpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disclaimers&action=edit disclaimers]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Disclaimers|Talk]] </td><td> Disclaimers </td><td> {{int:Disclaimers}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Doubleredirects&action=edit doubleredirects]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Doubleredirects|Talk]] </td><td> Double Redirects </td><td> {{int:Doubleredirects}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Doubleredirectstext&action=edit doubleredirectstext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Doubleredirectstext|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;b&gt;Attention:&lt;/b&gt; This list may contain false positives. That usually means there is additional text with links below the first #REDIRECT.&lt;br /&gt; Each row contains links to the first and second redirect, as well as the first line of the second redirect text, usually giving the &quot;real&quot; target page, which the first redirect should point to. </td><td> {{int:Doubleredirectstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Edit&action=edit edit]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Edit|Talk]] </td><td> Edit </td><td> {{int:Edit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editcomment&action=edit editcomment]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Editcomment|Talk]] </td><td> The edit comment was: &quot;&lt;i&gt;$1&lt;/i&gt;&quot;. </td><td> {{int:Editcomment}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editconflict&action=edit editconflict]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Editconflict|Talk]] </td><td> Edit conflict: $1 </td><td> {{int:Editconflict}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editcurrent&action=edit editcurrent]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Editcurrent|Talk]] </td><td> Edit the current version of this page </td><td> {{int:Editcurrent}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Edithelp&action=edit edithelp]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Edithelp|Talk]] </td><td> Editing help </td><td> {{int:Edithelp}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Edithelppage&action=edit edithelppage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Edithelppage|Talk]] </td><td> Help:Editing </td><td> {{int:Edithelppage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editing&action=edit editing]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Editing|Talk]] </td><td> Editing $1 </td><td> {{int:Editing}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editingold&action=edit editingold]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Editingold|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;strong&gt;WARNING: You are editing an out-of-date revision of this page. If you save it, any changes made since this revision will be lost.&lt;/strong&gt;\n </td><td> {{int:Editingold}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editsection&action=edit editsection]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Editsection|Talk]] </td><td> edit </td><td> {{int:Editsection}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editthispage&action=edit editthispage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Editthispage|Talk]] </td><td> Edit this page </td><td> {{int:Editthispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailflag&action=edit emailflag]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailflag|Talk]] </td><td> Disable e-mail from other users </td><td> {{int:Emailflag}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailforlost&action=edit emailforlost]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailforlost|Talk]] </td><td> Fields marked with a star (*) are optional. Storing an email address enables people to contact you through the website without you having to reveal your email address to them, and it can be used to send you a new password if you forget it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Your real name, if you choose to provide it, will be used for giving you attribution for your work. </td><td> {{int:Emailforlost}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailfrom&action=edit emailfrom]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailfrom|Talk]] </td><td> From </td><td> {{int:Emailfrom}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailmessage&action=edit emailmessage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailmessage|Talk]] </td><td> Message </td><td> {{int:Emailmessage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailpage&action=edit emailpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailpage|Talk]] </td><td> E-mail user </td><td> {{int:Emailpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailpagetext&action=edit emailpagetext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailpagetext|Talk]] </td><td> If this user has entered a valid e-mail address in his or her user preferences, the form below will send a single message. The e-mail address you entered in your user preferences will appear as the &quot;From&quot; address of the mail, so the recipient will be able to reply. </td><td> {{int:Emailpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsend&action=edit emailsend]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailsend|Talk]] </td><td> Send </td><td> {{int:Emailsend}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsent&action=edit emailsent]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailsent|Talk]] </td><td> E-mail sent </td><td> {{int:Emailsent}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsenttext&action=edit emailsenttext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailsenttext|Talk]] </td><td> Your e-mail message has been sent. </td><td> {{int:Emailsenttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsubject&action=edit emailsubject]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailsubject|Talk]] </td><td> Subject </td><td> {{int:Emailsubject}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailto&action=edit emailto]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailto|Talk]] </td><td> To </td><td> {{int:Emailto}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailuser&action=edit emailuser]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailuser|Talk]] </td><td> E-mail this user </td><td> {{int:Emailuser}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Enterlockreason&action=edit enterlockreason]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Enterlockreason|Talk]] </td><td> Enter a reason for the lock, including an estimate of when the lock will be released </td><td> {{int:Enterlockreason}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Error&action=edit error]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Error|Talk]] </td><td> Error </td><td> {{int:Error}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Errorpagetitle&action=edit errorpagetitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Errorpagetitle|Talk]] </td><td> Error </td><td> {{int:Errorpagetitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exbeforeblank&action=edit exbeforeblank]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Exbeforeblank|Talk]] </td><td> content before blanking was: </td><td> {{int:Exbeforeblank}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exblank&action=edit exblank]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Exblank|Talk]] </td><td> page was empty </td><td> {{int:Exblank}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Excontent&action=edit excontent]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Excontent|Talk]] </td><td> content was: </td><td> {{int:Excontent}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Explainconflict&action=edit explainconflict]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Explainconflict|Talk]] </td><td> Someone else has changed this page since you started editing it. The upper text area contains the page text as it currently exists. Your changes are shown in the lower text area. You will have to merge your changes into the existing text. &lt;b&gt;Only&lt;/b&gt; the text in the upper text area will be saved when you press &quot;Save page&quot;. &lt;p&gt; </td><td> {{int:Explainconflict}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Export&action=edit export]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Export|Talk]] </td><td> Export pages </td><td> {{int:Export}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exportcuronly&action=edit exportcuronly]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Exportcuronly|Talk]] </td><td> Include only the current revision, not the full history </td><td> {{int:Exportcuronly}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exporttext&action=edit exporttext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Exporttext|Talk]] </td><td> You can export the text and editing history of a particular page or set of pages wrapped in some XML; this can then be imported into another wiki running MediaWiki software, transformed, or just kept for your private amusement. </td><td> {{int:Exporttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Extlink_sample&action=edit extlink_sample]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Extlink_sample|Talk]] </td><td> http&#58;//www.example.com link title </td><td> {{int:Extlink_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Extlink_tip&action=edit extlink_tip]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Extlink_tip|Talk]] </td><td> External link (remember http&#58;// prefix) </td><td> {{int:Extlink_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Faq&action=edit faq]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Faq|Talk]] </td><td> FAQ </td><td> {{int:Faq}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Faqpage&action=edit faqpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Faqpage|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:FAQ </td><td> {{int:Faqpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Feedlinks&action=edit feedlinks]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Feedlinks|Talk]] </td><td> Feed: </td><td> {{int:Feedlinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filecopyerror&action=edit filecopyerror]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Filecopyerror|Talk]] </td><td> Could not copy file &quot;$1&quot; to &quot;$2&quot;. </td><td> {{int:Filecopyerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filedeleteerror&action=edit filedeleteerror]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Filedeleteerror|Talk]] </td><td> Could not delete file &quot;$1&quot;. </td><td> {{int:Filedeleteerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filedesc&action=edit filedesc]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Filedesc|Talk]] </td><td> Summary </td><td> {{int:Filedesc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Fileexists&action=edit fileexists]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Fileexists|Talk]] </td><td> A file with this name exists already, please check $1 if you are not sure if you want to change it. </td><td> {{int:Fileexists}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filename&action=edit filename]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Filename|Talk]] </td><td> Filename </td><td> {{int:Filename}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filenotfound&action=edit filenotfound]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Filenotfound|Talk]] </td><td> Could not find file &quot;$1&quot;. </td><td> {{int:Filenotfound}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filerenameerror&action=edit filerenameerror]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Filerenameerror|Talk]] </td><td> Could not rename file &quot;$1&quot; to &quot;$2&quot;. </td><td> {{int:Filerenameerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filesource&action=edit filesource]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Filesource|Talk]] </td><td> Source </td><td> {{int:Filesource}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filestatus&action=edit filestatus]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Filestatus|Talk]] </td><td> Copyright status </td><td> {{int:Filestatus}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Fileuploaded&action=edit fileuploaded]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Fileuploaded|Talk]] </td><td> File &quot;$1&quot; uploaded successfully. Please follow this link: $2 to the description page and fill in information about the file, such as where it came from, when it was created and by whom, and anything else you may know about it. </td><td> {{int:Fileuploaded}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Formerror&action=edit formerror]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Formerror|Talk]] </td><td> Error: could not submit form </td><td> {{int:Formerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Fromwikipedia&action=edit fromwikipedia]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Fromwikipedia|Talk]] </td><td> From Wikipedia </td><td> {{int:Fromwikipedia}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Getimagelist&action=edit getimagelist]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Getimagelist|Talk]] </td><td> fetching image list </td><td> {{int:Getimagelist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Go&action=edit go]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Go|Talk]] </td><td> Go </td><td> {{int:Go}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Googlesearch&action=edit googlesearch]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Googlesearch|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;!-- SiteSearch Google --&gt; &lt;FORM method=GET action=&quot;http&#58;//www.google.com/search&quot;&gt; &lt;TABLE bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFFF&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;A HREF=&quot;http&#58;//www.google.com/&quot;&gt; &lt;IMG SRC=&quot;http&#58;//www.google.com/logos/Logo_40wht.gif&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; ALT=&quot;Google&quot;&gt;&lt;/A&gt; &lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;INPUT TYPE=text name=q size=31 maxlength=255 value=&quot;$1&quot;&gt; &lt;INPUT type=submit name=btnG VALUE=&quot;Google Search&quot;&gt; &lt;font size=-1&gt; &lt;input type=hidden name=domains value=&quot;http&#58;//ln.wikipedia.org&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;input type=radio name=sitesearch value=&quot;&quot;&gt; WWW &lt;input type=radio name=sitesearch value=&quot;http&#58;//ln.wikipedia.org&quot; checked&gt; http&#58;//ln.wikipedia.org &lt;br /&gt; &lt;input type=&#39;hidden&#39; name=&#39;ie&#39; value=&#39;$2&#39;&gt; &lt;input type=&#39;hidden&#39; name=&#39;oe&#39; value=&#39;$2&#39;&gt; &lt;/font&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt; &lt;/FORM&gt; &lt;!-- SiteSearch Google --&gt; </td><td> {{int:Googlesearch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Guesstimezone&action=edit guesstimezone]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Guesstimezone|Talk]] </td><td> Fill in from browser </td><td> {{int:Guesstimezone}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Headline_sample&action=edit headline_sample]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Headline_sample|Talk]] </td><td> Headline text </td><td> {{int:Headline_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Headline_tip&action=edit headline_tip]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Headline_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Level 2 headline </td><td> {{int:Headline_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Help&action=edit help]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Help|Talk]] </td><td> Help </td><td> {{int:Help}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Helppage&action=edit helppage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Helppage|Talk]] </td><td> Help:Contents </td><td> {{int:Helppage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hide&action=edit hide]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Hide|Talk]] </td><td> hide </td><td> {{int:Hide}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hidetoc&action=edit hidetoc]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Hidetoc|Talk]] </td><td> hide </td><td> {{int:Hidetoc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hist&action=edit hist]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Hist|Talk]] </td><td> hist </td><td> {{int:Hist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Histlegend&action=edit histlegend]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Histlegend|Talk]] </td><td> Diff selection: mark the radio boxes of the versions to compare and hit enter or the button at the bottom.&lt;br/&gt; Legend: (cur) = difference with current version, (last) = difference with preceding version, M = minor edit. </td><td> {{int:Histlegend}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:History&action=edit history]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:History|Talk]] </td><td> Page history </td><td> {{int:History}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:History_copyright&action=edit history_copyright]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:History_copyright|Talk]] </td><td> - </td><td> {{int:History_copyright}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:History_short&action=edit history_short]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:History_short|Talk]] </td><td> History </td><td> {{int:History_short}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Historywarning&action=edit historywarning]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Historywarning|Talk]] </td><td> Warning: The page you are about to delete has a history: </td><td> {{int:Historywarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hr_tip&action=edit hr_tip]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Hr_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Horizontal line (use sparingly) </td><td> {{int:Hr_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ignorewarning&action=edit ignorewarning]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ignorewarning|Talk]] </td><td> Ignore warning and save file anyway. </td><td> {{int:Ignorewarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ilshowmatch&action=edit ilshowmatch]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ilshowmatch|Talk]] </td><td> Show all images with names matching </td><td> {{int:Ilshowmatch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ilsubmit&action=edit ilsubmit]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ilsubmit|Talk]] </td><td> Search </td><td> {{int:Ilsubmit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Image_sample&action=edit image_sample]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Image_sample|Talk]] </td><td> Example.jpg </td><td> {{int:Image_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Image_tip&action=edit image_tip]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Image_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Embedded image </td><td> {{int:Image_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagelinks&action=edit imagelinks]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Imagelinks|Talk]] </td><td> Image links </td><td> {{int:Imagelinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagelist&action=edit imagelist]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Imagelist|Talk]] </td><td> Image list </td><td> {{int:Imagelist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagelisttext&action=edit imagelisttext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Imagelisttext|Talk]] </td><td> Below is a list of $1 images sorted $2. </td><td> {{int:Imagelisttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagepage&action=edit imagepage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Imagepage|Talk]] </td><td> View image page </td><td> {{int:Imagepage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagereverted&action=edit imagereverted]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Imagereverted|Talk]] </td><td> Revert to earlier version was successful. </td><td> {{int:Imagereverted}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imgdelete&action=edit imgdelete]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Imgdelete|Talk]] </td><td> del </td><td> {{int:Imgdelete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imgdesc&action=edit imgdesc]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Imgdesc|Talk]] </td><td> desc </td><td> {{int:Imgdesc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imghistlegend&action=edit imghistlegend]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Imghistlegend|Talk]] </td><td> Legend: (cur) = this is the current image, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Click on date to see image uploaded on that date&lt;/i&gt;. </td><td> {{int:Imghistlegend}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imghistory&action=edit imghistory]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Imghistory|Talk]] </td><td> Image history </td><td> {{int:Imghistory}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imglegend&action=edit imglegend]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Imglegend|Talk]] </td><td> Legend: (desc) = show/edit image description. </td><td> {{int:Imglegend}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Import&action=edit import]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Import|Talk]] </td><td> Import pages </td><td> {{int:Import}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Importfailed&action=edit importfailed]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Importfailed|Talk]] </td><td> Import failed: $1 </td><td> {{int:Importfailed}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Importhistoryconflict&action=edit importhistoryconflict]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Importhistoryconflict|Talk]] </td><td> Conflicting history revision exists (may have imported this page before) </td><td> {{int:Importhistoryconflict}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Importnotext&action=edit importnotext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Importnotext|Talk]] </td><td> Empty or no text </td><td> {{int:Importnotext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Importsuccess&action=edit importsuccess]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Importsuccess|Talk]] </td><td> Import succeeded! </td><td> {{int:Importsuccess}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Importtext&action=edit importtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Importtext|Talk]] </td><td> Please export the file from the source wiki using the Special:Export utility, save it to your disk and upload it here. </td><td> {{int:Importtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Infobox&action=edit infobox]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Infobox|Talk]] </td><td> Click a button to get an example text </td><td> {{int:Infobox}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Infobox_alert&action=edit infobox_alert]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Infobox_alert|Talk]] </td><td> Please enter the text you want to be formatted.\n It will be shown in the infobox for copy and pasting.\nExample:\n$1\nwill become:\n$2 </td><td> {{int:Infobox_alert}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Internalerror&action=edit internalerror]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Internalerror|Talk]] </td><td> Internal error </td><td> {{int:Internalerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Intl&action=edit intl]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Intl|Talk]] </td><td> Interlanguage links </td><td> {{int:Intl}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ip_range_invalid&action=edit ip_range_invalid]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ip_range_invalid|Talk]] </td><td> Invalid IP range. </td><td> {{int:Ip_range_invalid}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipaddress&action=edit ipaddress]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ipaddress|Talk]] </td><td> IP Address/username </td><td> {{int:Ipaddress}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipb_expiry_invalid&action=edit ipb_expiry_invalid]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ipb_expiry_invalid|Talk]] </td><td> Expiry time invalid. </td><td> {{int:Ipb_expiry_invalid}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipbexpiry&action=edit ipbexpiry]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ipbexpiry|Talk]] </td><td> Expiry </td><td> {{int:Ipbexpiry}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipblocklist&action=edit ipblocklist]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ipblocklist|Talk]] </td><td> List of blocked IP addresses and usernames </td><td> {{int:Ipblocklist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipbreason&action=edit ipbreason]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ipbreason|Talk]] </td><td> Reason </td><td> {{int:Ipbreason}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipbsubmit&action=edit ipbsubmit]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ipbsubmit|Talk]] </td><td> Block this user </td><td> {{int:Ipbsubmit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipusubmit&action=edit ipusubmit]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ipusubmit|Talk]] </td><td> Unblock this address </td><td> {{int:Ipusubmit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipusuccess&action=edit ipusuccess]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ipusuccess|Talk]] </td><td> &quot;$1&quot; unblocked </td><td> {{int:Ipusuccess}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Isbn&action=edit isbn]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Isbn|Talk]] </td><td> ISBN </td><td> {{int:Isbn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Isredirect&action=edit isredirect]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Isredirect|Talk]] </td><td> redirect page </td><td> {{int:Isredirect}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Italic_sample&action=edit italic_sample]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Italic_sample|Talk]] </td><td> Italic text </td><td> {{int:Italic_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Italic_tip&action=edit italic_tip]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Italic_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Italic text </td><td> {{int:Italic_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Iteminvalidname&action=edit iteminvalidname]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Iteminvalidname|Talk]] </td><td> Problem with item &#39;$1&#39;, invalid name... </td><td> {{int:Iteminvalidname}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Largefile&action=edit largefile]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Largefile|Talk]] </td><td> It is recommended that images not exceed 100k in size. </td><td> {{int:Largefile}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Last&action=edit last]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Last|Talk]] </td><td> last </td><td> {{int:Last}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lastmodified&action=edit lastmodified]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Lastmodified|Talk]] </td><td> This page was last modified $1. </td><td> {{int:Lastmodified}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lastmodifiedby&action=edit lastmodifiedby]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Lastmodifiedby|Talk]] </td><td> This page was last modified $1 by $2. </td><td> {{int:Lastmodifiedby}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lineno&action=edit lineno]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Lineno|Talk]] </td><td> Line $1: </td><td> {{int:Lineno}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Link_sample&action=edit link_sample]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Link_sample|Talk]] </td><td> Link title </td><td> {{int:Link_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Link_tip&action=edit link_tip]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Link_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Internal link </td><td> {{int:Link_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linklistsub&action=edit linklistsub]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Linklistsub|Talk]] </td><td> (List of links) </td><td> {{int:Linklistsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linkshere&action=edit linkshere]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Linkshere|Talk]] </td><td> The following pages link to here: </td><td> {{int:Linkshere}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linkstoimage&action=edit linkstoimage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Linkstoimage|Talk]] </td><td> The following pages link to this image: </td><td> {{int:Linkstoimage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linktrail&action=edit linktrail]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Linktrail|Talk]] </td><td> /^(&#91;a-z]+)(.*)\$/sD </td><td> {{int:Linktrail}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Listadmins&action=edit listadmins]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Listadmins|Talk]] </td><td> Admins list </td><td> {{int:Listadmins}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Listform&action=edit listform]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Listform|Talk]] </td><td> list </td><td> {{int:Listform}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Listusers&action=edit listusers]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Listusers|Talk]] </td><td> User list </td><td> {{int:Listusers}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loadhist&action=edit loadhist]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Loadhist|Talk]] </td><td> Loading page history </td><td> {{int:Loadhist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loadingrev&action=edit loadingrev]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Loadingrev|Talk]] </td><td> loading revision for diff </td><td> {{int:Loadingrev}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Localtime&action=edit localtime]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Localtime|Talk]] </td><td> Local time display </td><td> {{int:Localtime}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockbtn&action=edit lockbtn]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Lockbtn|Talk]] </td><td> Lock database </td><td> {{int:Lockbtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockconfirm&action=edit lockconfirm]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Lockconfirm|Talk]] </td><td> Yes, I really want to lock the database. </td><td> {{int:Lockconfirm}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdb&action=edit lockdb]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Lockdb|Talk]] </td><td> Lock database </td><td> {{int:Lockdb}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdbsuccesssub&action=edit lockdbsuccesssub]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Lockdbsuccesssub|Talk]] </td><td> Database lock succeeded </td><td> {{int:Lockdbsuccesssub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdbsuccesstext&action=edit lockdbsuccesstext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Lockdbsuccesstext|Talk]] </td><td> The database has been locked. &lt;br /&gt;Remember to remove the lock after your maintenance is complete. </td><td> {{int:Lockdbsuccesstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdbtext&action=edit lockdbtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Lockdbtext|Talk]] </td><td> Locking the database will suspend the ability of all users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and other things requiring changes in the database. Please confirm that this is what you intend to do, and that you will unlock the database when your maintenance is done. </td><td> {{int:Lockdbtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Locknoconfirm&action=edit locknoconfirm]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Locknoconfirm|Talk]] </td><td> You did not check the confirmation box. </td><td> {{int:Locknoconfirm}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Login&action=edit login]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Login|Talk]] </td><td> Log in </td><td> {{int:Login}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginend&action=edit loginend]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginend|Talk]] </td><td> &amp;nbsp; </td><td> {{int:Loginend}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginerror&action=edit loginerror]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginerror|Talk]] </td><td> Login error </td><td> {{int:Loginerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginpagetitle&action=edit loginpagetitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginpagetitle|Talk]] </td><td> User login </td><td> {{int:Loginpagetitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginproblem&action=edit loginproblem]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginproblem|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;b&gt;There has been a problem with your login.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Try again! </td><td> {{int:Loginproblem}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginprompt&action=edit loginprompt]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginprompt|Talk]] </td><td> You must have cookies enabled to log in to Wikipedia. </td><td> {{int:Loginprompt}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginreqtext&action=edit loginreqtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginreqtext|Talk]] </td><td> You must &#91;&#91;special:Userlogin&#124;login]] to view other pages. </td><td> {{int:Loginreqtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginreqtitle&action=edit loginreqtitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginreqtitle|Talk]] </td><td> Login Required </td><td> {{int:Loginreqtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginsuccess&action=edit loginsuccess]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginsuccess|Talk]] </td><td> You are now logged in to Wikipedia as &quot;$1&quot;. </td><td> {{int:Loginsuccess}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginsuccesstitle&action=edit loginsuccesstitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginsuccesstitle|Talk]] </td><td> Login successful </td><td> {{int:Loginsuccesstitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Logout&action=edit logout]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Logout|Talk]] </td><td> Log out </td><td> {{int:Logout}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Logouttext&action=edit logouttext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Logouttext|Talk]] </td><td> You are now logged out. You can continue to use Wikipedia anonymously, or you can log in again as the same or as a different user. Note that some pages may continue to be displayed as if you were still logged in, until you clear your browser cache </td><td> {{int:Logouttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Logouttitle&action=edit logouttitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Logouttitle|Talk]] </td><td> User logout </td><td> {{int:Logouttitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lonelypages&action=edit lonelypages]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Lonelypages|Talk]] </td><td> Orphaned pages </td><td> {{int:Lonelypages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Longpages&action=edit longpages]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Longpages|Talk]] </td><td> Long pages </td><td> {{int:Longpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Longpagewarning&action=edit longpagewarning]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Longpagewarning|Talk]] </td><td> WARNING: This page is $1 kilobytes long; some browsers may have problems editing pages approaching or longer than 32kb. Please consider breaking the page into smaller sections. </td><td> {{int:Longpagewarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mailerror&action=edit mailerror]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mailerror|Talk]] </td><td> Error sending mail: $1 </td><td> {{int:Mailerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mailmypassword&action=edit mailmypassword]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mailmypassword|Talk]] </td><td> Mail me a new password </td><td> {{int:Mailmypassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mailnologin&action=edit mailnologin]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mailnologin|Talk]] </td><td> No send address </td><td> {{int:Mailnologin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mailnologintext&action=edit mailnologintext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mailnologintext|Talk]] </td><td> You must be &lt;a href=&quot;{{localurl:Special:Userlogin&quot;&gt;logged in&lt;/a&gt; and have a valid e-mail address in your &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Preferences&quot;&gt;preferences&lt;/a&gt; to send e-mail to other users. </td><td> {{int:Mailnologintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mainpage&action=edit mainpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mainpage|Talk]] </td><td> Main Page </td><td> {{int:Mainpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mainpagedocfooter&action=edit mainpagedocfooter]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mainpagedocfooter|Talk]] </td><td> Please see &#91;http&#58;//meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_i18n documentation on customizing the interface] and the &#91;http&#58;//meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_User%27s_Guide User&#39;s Guide] for usage and configuration help. </td><td> {{int:Mainpagedocfooter}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mainpagetext&action=edit mainpagetext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mainpagetext|Talk]] </td><td> Wiki software successfully installed. </td><td> {{int:Mainpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Maintenance&action=edit maintenance]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Maintenance|Talk]] </td><td> Maintenance page </td><td> {{int:Maintenance}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Maintenancebacklink&action=edit maintenancebacklink]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Maintenancebacklink|Talk]] </td><td> Back to Maintenance Page </td><td> {{int:Maintenancebacklink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Maintnancepagetext&action=edit maintnancepagetext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Maintnancepagetext|Talk]] </td><td> This page includes several handy tools for everyday maintenance. Some of these functions tend to stress the database, so please do not hit reload after every item you fixed ;-) </td><td> {{int:Maintnancepagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysop&action=edit makesysop]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Makesysop|Talk]] </td><td> Make a user into a sysop </td><td> {{int:Makesysop}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysopfail&action=edit makesysopfail]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Makesysopfail|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;b&gt;User &quot;$1&quot; could not be made into a sysop. (Did you enter the name correctly?)&lt;/b&gt; </td><td> {{int:Makesysopfail}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysopname&action=edit makesysopname]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Makesysopname|Talk]] </td><td> Name of the user: </td><td> {{int:Makesysopname}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysopok&action=edit makesysopok]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Makesysopok|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;b&gt;User &quot;$1&quot; is now a sysop&lt;/b&gt; </td><td> {{int:Makesysopok}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysopsubmit&action=edit makesysopsubmit]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Makesysopsubmit|Talk]] </td><td> Make this user into a sysop </td><td> {{int:Makesysopsubmit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysoptext&action=edit makesysoptext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Makesysoptext|Talk]] </td><td> This form is used by bureaucrats to turn ordinary users into administrators. Type the name of the user in the box and press the button to make the user an administrator </td><td> {{int:Makesysoptext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysoptitle&action=edit makesysoptitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Makesysoptitle|Talk]] </td><td> Make a user into a sysop </td><td> {{int:Makesysoptitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Matchtotals&action=edit matchtotals]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Matchtotals|Talk]] </td><td> The query &quot;$1&quot; matched $2 page titles and the text of $3 pages. </td><td> {{int:Matchtotals}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math&action=edit math]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Math|Talk]] </td><td> Rendering math </td><td> {{int:Math}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_bad_output&action=edit math_bad_output]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_bad_output|Talk]] </td><td> Can&#39;t write to or create math output directory </td><td> {{int:Math_bad_output}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_bad_tmpdir&action=edit math_bad_tmpdir]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_bad_tmpdir|Talk]] </td><td> Can&#39;t write to or create math temp directory </td><td> {{int:Math_bad_tmpdir}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_failure&action=edit math_failure]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_failure|Talk]] </td><td> Failed to parse </td><td> {{int:Math_failure}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_image_error&action=edit math_image_error]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_image_error|Talk]] </td><td> PNG conversion failed; check for correct installation of latex, dvips, gs, and convert </td><td> {{int:Math_image_error}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_lexing_error&action=edit math_lexing_error]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_lexing_error|Talk]] </td><td> lexing error </td><td> {{int:Math_lexing_error}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_notexvc&action=edit math_notexvc]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_notexvc|Talk]] </td><td> Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure. </td><td> {{int:Math_notexvc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_sample&action=edit math_sample]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_sample|Talk]] </td><td> Insert formula here </td><td> {{int:Math_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_syntax_error&action=edit math_syntax_error]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_syntax_error|Talk]] </td><td> syntax error </td><td> {{int:Math_syntax_error}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_tip&action=edit math_tip]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Mathematical formula (LaTeX) </td><td> {{int:Math_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_unknown_error&action=edit math_unknown_error]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_unknown_error|Talk]] </td><td> unknown error </td><td> {{int:Math_unknown_error}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_unknown_function&action=edit math_unknown_function]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_unknown_function|Talk]] </td><td> unknown function </td><td> {{int:Math_unknown_function}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Media_sample&action=edit media_sample]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Media_sample|Talk]] </td><td> Example.mp3 </td><td> {{int:Media_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Media_tip&action=edit media_tip]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Media_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Media file link </td><td> {{int:Media_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Minlength&action=edit minlength]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Minlength|Talk]] </td><td> Image names must be at least three letters. </td><td> {{int:Minlength}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Minoredit&action=edit minoredit]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Minoredit|Talk]] </td><td> This is a minor edit </td><td> {{int:Minoredit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Minoreditletter&action=edit minoreditletter]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Minoreditletter|Talk]] </td><td> M </td><td> {{int:Minoreditletter}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mispeelings&action=edit mispeelings]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mispeelings|Talk]] </td><td> Pages with misspellings </td><td> {{int:Mispeelings}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mispeelingspage&action=edit mispeelingspage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mispeelingspage|Talk]] </td><td> List of common misspellings </td><td> {{int:Mispeelingspage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mispeelingstext&action=edit mispeelingstext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mispeelingstext|Talk]] </td><td> The following pages contain a common misspelling, which are listed on $1. The correct spelling might be given (like this). </td><td> {{int:Mispeelingstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missingarticle&action=edit missingarticle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Missingarticle|Talk]] </td><td> The database did not find the text of a page that it should have found, named &quot;$1&quot;. &lt;p&gt;This is usually caused by following an outdated diff or history link to a page that has been deleted. &lt;p&gt;If this is not the case, you may have found a bug in the software. Please report this to an administrator, making note of the URL. </td><td> {{int:Missingarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missingimage&action=edit missingimage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Missingimage|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;b&gt;Missing image&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;$1&lt;/i&gt; </td><td> {{int:Missingimage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missinglanguagelinks&action=edit missinglanguagelinks]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Missinglanguagelinks|Talk]] </td><td> Missing Language Links </td><td> {{int:Missinglanguagelinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missinglanguagelinksbutton&action=edit missinglanguagelinksbutton]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Missinglanguagelinksbutton|Talk]] </td><td> Find missing language links for </td><td> {{int:Missinglanguagelinksbutton}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missinglanguagelinkstext&action=edit missinglanguagelinkstext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Missinglanguagelinkstext|Talk]] </td><td> These pages do &lt;i&gt;not&lt;/i&gt; link to their counterpart in $1. Redirects and subpages are &lt;i&gt;not&lt;/i&gt; shown. </td><td> {{int:Missinglanguagelinkstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Moredotdotdot&action=edit moredotdotdot]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Moredotdotdot|Talk]] </td><td> More... </td><td> {{int:Moredotdotdot}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Move&action=edit move]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Move|Talk]] </td><td> Move </td><td> {{int:Move}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movearticle&action=edit movearticle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Movearticle|Talk]] </td><td> Move page </td><td> {{int:Movearticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movedto&action=edit movedto]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Movedto|Talk]] </td><td> moved to </td><td> {{int:Movedto}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movenologin&action=edit movenologin]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Movenologin|Talk]] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> {{int:Movenologin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movenologintext&action=edit movenologintext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Movenologintext|Talk]] </td><td> You must be a registered user and &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Userlogin&quot;&gt;logged in&lt;/a&gt; to move a page. </td><td> {{int:Movenologintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepage&action=edit movepage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Movepage|Talk]] </td><td> Move page </td><td> {{int:Movepage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepagebtn&action=edit movepagebtn]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Movepagebtn|Talk]] </td><td> Move page </td><td> {{int:Movepagebtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepagetalktext&action=edit movepagetalktext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Movepagetalktext|Talk]] </td><td> The associated talk page, if any, will be automatically moved along with it &#39;&#39;&#39;unless:&#39;&#39;&#39; *You are moving the page across namespaces, *A non-empty talk page already exists under the new name, or *You uncheck the box below. In those cases, you will have to move or merge the page manually if desired. </td><td> {{int:Movepagetalktext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepagetext&action=edit movepagetext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Movepagetext|Talk]] </td><td> Using the form below will rename a page, moving all of its history to the new name. The old title will become a redirect page to the new title. Links to the old page title will not be changed; be sure to &#91;&#91;Special:Maintenance&#124;check]] for double or broken redirects. You are responsible for making sure that links continue to point where they are supposed to go. Note that the page will &#39;&#39;&#39;not&#39;&#39;&#39; be moved if there is already a page at the new title, unless it is empty or a redirect and has no past edit history. This means that you can rename a page back to where it was just renamed from if you make a mistake, and you cannot overwrite an existing page. &lt;b&gt;WARNING!&lt;/b&gt; This can be a drastic and unexpected change for a popular page; please be sure you understand the consequences of this before proceeding. </td><td> {{int:Movepagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movetalk&action=edit movetalk]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Movetalk|Talk]] </td><td> Move &quot;talk&quot; page as well, if applicable. </td><td> {{int:Movetalk}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movethispage&action=edit movethispage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Movethispage|Talk]] </td><td> Move this page </td><td> {{int:Movethispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mycontris&action=edit mycontris]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mycontris|Talk]] </td><td> My contributions </td><td> {{int:Mycontris}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mypage&action=edit mypage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mypage|Talk]] </td><td> My page </td><td> {{int:Mypage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mytalk&action=edit mytalk]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mytalk|Talk]] </td><td> My talk </td><td> {{int:Mytalk}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Navigation&action=edit navigation]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Navigation|Talk]] </td><td> Navigation </td><td> {{int:Navigation}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nbytes&action=edit nbytes]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nbytes|Talk]] </td><td> $1 bytes </td><td> {{int:Nbytes}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nchanges&action=edit nchanges]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nchanges|Talk]] </td><td> $1 changes </td><td> {{int:Nchanges}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newarticle&action=edit newarticle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Newarticle|Talk]] </td><td> (New) </td><td> {{int:Newarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newarticletext&action=edit newarticletext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Newarticletext|Talk]] </td><td> You&#39;ve followed a link to a page that doesn&#39;t exist yet. To create the page, start typing in the box below (see the &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:Help&#124;help page]] for more info). If you are here by mistake, just click your browser&#39;s &#39;&#39;&#39;back&#39;&#39;&#39; button. </td><td> {{int:Newarticletext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newmessages&action=edit newmessages]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Newmessages|Talk]] </td><td> You have $1. </td><td> {{int:Newmessages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newmessageslink&action=edit newmessageslink]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Newmessageslink|Talk]] </td><td> new messages </td><td> {{int:Newmessageslink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpage&action=edit newpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Newpage|Talk]] </td><td> New page </td><td> {{int:Newpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpageletter&action=edit newpageletter]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Newpageletter|Talk]] </td><td> N </td><td> {{int:Newpageletter}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpages&action=edit newpages]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Newpages|Talk]] </td><td> New pages </td><td> {{int:Newpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpassword&action=edit newpassword]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Newpassword|Talk]] </td><td> New password </td><td> {{int:Newpassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newtitle&action=edit newtitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Newtitle|Talk]] </td><td> To new title </td><td> {{int:Newtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newusersonly&action=edit newusersonly]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Newusersonly|Talk]] </td><td> (new users only) </td><td> {{int:Newusersonly}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newwindow&action=edit newwindow]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Newwindow|Talk]] </td><td> (opens in new window) </td><td> {{int:Newwindow}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Next&action=edit next]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Next|Talk]] </td><td> next </td><td> {{int:Next}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nextn&action=edit nextn]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nextn|Talk]] </td><td> next $1 </td><td> {{int:Nextn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nlinks&action=edit nlinks]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nlinks|Talk]] </td><td> $1 links </td><td> {{int:Nlinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noaffirmation&action=edit noaffirmation]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Noaffirmation|Talk]] </td><td> You must affirm that your upload does not violate any copyrights. </td><td> {{int:Noaffirmation}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noarticletext&action=edit noarticletext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Noarticletext|Talk]] </td><td> (There is currently no text in this page) </td><td> {{int:Noarticletext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noblockreason&action=edit noblockreason]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Noblockreason|Talk]] </td><td> You must supply a reason for the block. </td><td> {{int:Noblockreason}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noconnect&action=edit noconnect]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Noconnect|Talk]] </td><td> Sorry! The wiki is experiencing some technical difficulties, and cannot contact the database server. &lt;br /&gt; $1 </td><td> {{int:Noconnect}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nocontribs&action=edit nocontribs]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nocontribs|Talk]] </td><td> No changes were found matching these criteria. </td><td> {{int:Nocontribs}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nocookieslogin&action=edit nocookieslogin]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nocookieslogin|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them and try again. </td><td> {{int:Nocookieslogin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nocookiesnew&action=edit nocookiesnew]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nocookiesnew|Talk]] </td><td> The user account was created, but you are not logged in. Wikipedia uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them, then log in with your new username and password. </td><td> {{int:Nocookiesnew}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nocreativecommons&action=edit nocreativecommons]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nocreativecommons|Talk]] </td><td> Creative Commons RDF metadata disabled for this server. </td><td> {{int:Nocreativecommons}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nocredits&action=edit nocredits]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nocredits|Talk]] </td><td> There is no credits info available for this page. </td><td> {{int:Nocredits}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nodb&action=edit nodb]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nodb|Talk]] </td><td> Could not select database $1 </td><td> {{int:Nodb}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nodublincore&action=edit nodublincore]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nodublincore|Talk]] </td><td> Dublin Core RDF metadata disabled for this server. </td><td> {{int:Nodublincore}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noemail&action=edit noemail]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Noemail|Talk]] </td><td> There is no e-mail address recorded for user &quot;$1&quot;. </td><td> {{int:Noemail}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noemailtext&action=edit noemailtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Noemailtext|Talk]] </td><td> This user has not specified a valid e-mail address, or has chosen not to receive e-mail from other users. </td><td> {{int:Noemailtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noemailtitle&action=edit noemailtitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Noemailtitle|Talk]] </td><td> No e-mail address </td><td> {{int:Noemailtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nogomatch&action=edit nogomatch]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nogomatch|Talk]] </td><td> No page with this exact title exists, trying full text search. </td><td> {{int:Nogomatch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nohistory&action=edit nohistory]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nohistory|Talk]] </td><td> There is no edit history for this page. </td><td> {{int:Nohistory}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nolinkshere&action=edit nolinkshere]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nolinkshere|Talk]] </td><td> No pages link to here. </td><td> {{int:Nolinkshere}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nolinkstoimage&action=edit nolinkstoimage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nolinkstoimage|Talk]] </td><td> There are no pages that link to this image. </td><td> {{int:Nolinkstoimage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noname&action=edit noname]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Noname|Talk]] </td><td> You have not specified a valid user name. </td><td> {{int:Noname}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nonefound&action=edit nonefound]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nonefound|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;strong&gt;Note&lt;/strong&gt;: unsuccessful searches are often caused by searching for common words like &quot;have&quot; and &quot;from&quot;, which are not indexed, or by specifying more than one search term (only pages containing all of the search terms will appear in the result). </td><td> {{int:Nonefound}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nospecialpagetext&action=edit nospecialpagetext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nospecialpagetext|Talk]] </td><td> You have requested a special page that is not recognized by the wiki. </td><td> {{int:Nospecialpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchaction&action=edit nosuchaction]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nosuchaction|Talk]] </td><td> No such action </td><td> {{int:Nosuchaction}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchactiontext&action=edit nosuchactiontext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nosuchactiontext|Talk]] </td><td> The action specified by the URL is not recognized by the wiki </td><td> {{int:Nosuchactiontext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchspecialpage&action=edit nosuchspecialpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nosuchspecialpage|Talk]] </td><td> No such special page </td><td> {{int:Nosuchspecialpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchuser&action=edit nosuchuser]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nosuchuser|Talk]] </td><td> There is no user by the name &quot;$1&quot;. Check your spelling, or use the form below to create a new user account. </td><td> {{int:Nosuchuser}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notacceptable&action=edit notacceptable]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Notacceptable|Talk]] </td><td> The wiki server can&#39;t provide data in a format your client can read. </td><td> {{int:Notacceptable}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notanarticle&action=edit notanarticle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Notanarticle|Talk]] </td><td> Not a content page </td><td> {{int:Notanarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notargettext&action=edit notargettext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Notargettext|Talk]] </td><td> You have not specified a target page or user to perform this function on. </td><td> {{int:Notargettext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notargettitle&action=edit notargettitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Notargettitle|Talk]] </td><td> No target </td><td> {{int:Notargettitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Note&action=edit note]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Note|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;strong&gt;Note:&lt;/strong&gt; </td><td> {{int:Note}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notextmatches&action=edit notextmatches]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Notextmatches|Talk]] </td><td> No page text matches </td><td> {{int:Notextmatches}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notitlematches&action=edit notitlematches]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Notitlematches|Talk]] </td><td> No page title matches </td><td> {{int:Notitlematches}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notloggedin&action=edit notloggedin]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Notloggedin|Talk]] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> {{int:Notloggedin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nowatchlist&action=edit nowatchlist]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nowatchlist|Talk]] </td><td> You have no items on your watchlist. </td><td> {{int:Nowatchlist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nowiki_sample&action=edit nowiki_sample]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nowiki_sample|Talk]] </td><td> Insert non-formatted text here </td><td> {{int:Nowiki_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nowiki_tip&action=edit nowiki_tip]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nowiki_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Ignore wiki formatting </td><td> {{int:Nowiki_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-category&action=edit nstab-category]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-category|Talk]] </td><td> Category </td><td> {{int:Nstab-category}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-help&action=edit nstab-help]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-help|Talk]] </td><td> Help </td><td> {{int:Nstab-help}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-image&action=edit nstab-image]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-image|Talk]] </td><td> Image </td><td> {{int:Nstab-image}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-main&action=edit nstab-main]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-main|Talk]] </td><td> Article </td><td> {{int:Nstab-main}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-media&action=edit nstab-media]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-media|Talk]] </td><td> Media </td><td> {{int:Nstab-media}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-mediawiki&action=edit nstab-mediawiki]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-mediawiki|Talk]] </td><td> Message </td><td> {{int:Nstab-mediawiki}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-special&action=edit nstab-special]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-special|Talk]] </td><td> Special </td><td> {{int:Nstab-special}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-template&action=edit nstab-template]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-template|Talk]] </td><td> Template </td><td> {{int:Nstab-template}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-user&action=edit nstab-user]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-user|Talk]] </td><td> User page </td><td> {{int:Nstab-user}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-wp&action=edit nstab-wp]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-wp|Talk]] </td><td> About </td><td> {{int:Nstab-wp}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nviews&action=edit nviews]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nviews|Talk]] </td><td> $1 views </td><td> {{int:Nviews}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ok&action=edit ok]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ok|Talk]] </td><td> OK </td><td> {{int:Ok}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Oldpassword&action=edit oldpassword]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Oldpassword|Talk]] </td><td> Old password </td><td> {{int:Oldpassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Orig&action=edit orig]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Orig|Talk]] </td><td> orig </td><td> {{int:Orig}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Orphans&action=edit orphans]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Orphans|Talk]] </td><td> Orphaned pages </td><td> {{int:Orphans}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Othercontribs&action=edit othercontribs]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Othercontribs|Talk]] </td><td> Based on work by $1. </td><td> {{int:Othercontribs}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Otherlanguages&action=edit otherlanguages]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Otherlanguages|Talk]] </td><td> Other languages </td><td> {{int:Otherlanguages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Others&action=edit others]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Others|Talk]] </td><td> others </td><td> {{int:Others}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Pagemovedsub&action=edit pagemovedsub]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Pagemovedsub|Talk]] </td><td> Move succeeded </td><td> {{int:Pagemovedsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Pagemovedtext&action=edit pagemovedtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Pagemovedtext|Talk]] </td><td> Page &quot;&#91;&#91;$1]]&quot; moved to &quot;&#91;&#91;$2]]&quot;. </td><td> {{int:Pagemovedtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Pagetitle&action=edit pagetitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Pagetitle|Talk]] </td><td> $1 - Wikipedia </td><td> {{int:Pagetitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Passwordremindertext&action=edit passwordremindertext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Passwordremindertext|Talk]] </td><td> Someone (probably you, from IP address $1) requested that we send you a new Wikipedia login password. The password for user &quot;$2&quot; is now &quot;$3&quot;. You should log in and change your password now. </td><td> {{int:Passwordremindertext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Passwordremindertitle&action=edit passwordremindertitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Passwordremindertitle|Talk]] </td><td> Password reminder from Wikipedia </td><td> {{int:Passwordremindertitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Passwordsent&action=edit passwordsent]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Passwordsent|Talk]] </td><td> A new password has been sent to the e-mail address registered for &quot;$1&quot;. Please log in again after you receive it. </td><td> {{int:Passwordsent}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Perfcached&action=edit perfcached]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Perfcached|Talk]] </td><td> The following data is cached and may not be completely up to date: </td><td> {{int:Perfcached}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Perfdisabled&action=edit perfdisabled]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Perfdisabled|Talk]] </td><td> Sorry! This feature has been temporarily disabled because it slows the database down to the point that no one can use the wiki. </td><td> {{int:Perfdisabled}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Perfdisabledsub&action=edit perfdisabledsub]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Perfdisabledsub|Talk]] </td><td> Here&#39;s a saved copy from $1: </td><td> {{int:Perfdisabledsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Personaltools&action=edit personaltools]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Personaltools|Talk]] </td><td> Personal tools </td><td> {{int:Personaltools}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Popularpages&action=edit popularpages]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Popularpages|Talk]] </td><td> Popular pages </td><td> {{int:Popularpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Portal&action=edit portal]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Portal|Talk]] </td><td> Community portal </td><td> {{int:Portal}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Portal-url&action=edit portal-url]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Portal-url|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:Community Portal </td><td> {{int:Portal-url}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Postcomment&action=edit postcomment]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Postcomment|Talk]] </td><td> Post a comment </td><td> {{int:Postcomment}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Poweredby&action=edit poweredby]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Poweredby|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia is powered by &#91;http&#58;//www.mediawiki.org/ MediaWiki], an open source wiki engine. </td><td> {{int:Poweredby}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Powersearch&action=edit powersearch]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Powersearch|Talk]] </td><td> Search </td><td> {{int:Powersearch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Powersearchtext&action=edit powersearchtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Powersearchtext|Talk]] </td><td> Search in namespaces :&lt;br /&gt; $1&lt;br /&gt; $2 List redirects &amp;nbsp; Search for $3 $9 </td><td> {{int:Powersearchtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Preferences&action=edit preferences]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Preferences|Talk]] </td><td> Preferences </td><td> {{int:Preferences}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefs-help-userdata&action=edit prefs-help-userdata]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Prefs-help-userdata|Talk]] </td><td> * &lt;strong&gt;Real name&lt;/strong&gt; (optional): if you choose to provide it this will be used for giving you attribution for your work.&lt;br/&gt; * &lt;strong&gt;Email&lt;/strong&gt; (optional): Enables people to contact you through the website without you having to reveal your email address to them, and it can be used to send you a new password if you forget it. </td><td> {{int:Prefs-help-userdata}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefs-misc&action=edit prefs-misc]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Prefs-misc|Talk]] </td><td> Misc settings </td><td> {{int:Prefs-misc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefs-personal&action=edit prefs-personal]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Prefs-personal|Talk]] </td><td> User data </td><td> {{int:Prefs-personal}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefs-rc&action=edit prefs-rc]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Prefs-rc|Talk]] </td><td> Recent changes and stub display </td><td> {{int:Prefs-rc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefslogintext&action=edit prefslogintext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Prefslogintext|Talk]] </td><td> You are logged in as &quot;$1&quot;. Your internal ID number is $2. See &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:User preferences help]] for help deciphering the options. </td><td> {{int:Prefslogintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefsnologin&action=edit prefsnologin]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Prefsnologin|Talk]] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> {{int:Prefsnologin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefsnologintext&action=edit prefsnologintext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Prefsnologintext|Talk]] </td><td> You must be &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Userlogin&quot;&gt;logged in&lt;/a&gt; to set user preferences. </td><td> {{int:Prefsnologintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefsreset&action=edit prefsreset]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Prefsreset|Talk]] </td><td> Preferences have been reset from storage. </td><td> {{int:Prefsreset}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Preview&action=edit preview]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Preview|Talk]] </td><td> Preview </td><td> {{int:Preview}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Previewconflict&action=edit previewconflict]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Previewconflict|Talk]] </td><td> This preview reflects the text in the upper text editing area as it will appear if you choose to save. </td><td> {{int:Previewconflict}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Previewnote&action=edit previewnote]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Previewnote|Talk]] </td><td> Remember that this is only a preview, and has not yet been saved! </td><td> {{int:Previewnote}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prevn&action=edit prevn]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Prevn|Talk]] </td><td> previous $1 </td><td> {{int:Prevn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Printableversion&action=edit printableversion]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Printableversion|Talk]] </td><td> Printable version </td><td> {{int:Printableversion}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Printsubtitle&action=edit printsubtitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Printsubtitle|Talk]] </td><td> (From http&#58;//ln.wikipedia.org) </td><td> {{int:Printsubtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protect&action=edit protect]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Protect|Talk]] </td><td> Protect </td><td> {{int:Protect}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectcomment&action=edit protectcomment]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectcomment|Talk]] </td><td> Reason for protecting </td><td> {{int:Protectcomment}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedarticle&action=edit protectedarticle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectedarticle|Talk]] </td><td> protected &#91;&#91;$1]] </td><td> {{int:Protectedarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedpage&action=edit protectedpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectedpage|Talk]] </td><td> Protected page </td><td> {{int:Protectedpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedpagewarning&action=edit protectedpagewarning]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectedpagewarning|Talk]] </td><td> WARNING: This page has been locked so that only users with sysop privileges can edit it. Be sure you are following the &lt;a href=&#39;/w/wiki.phtml/Wikipedia:Protected_page_guidelines&#39;&gt;protected page guidelines&lt;/a&gt;. </td><td> {{int:Protectedpagewarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedtext&action=edit protectedtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectedtext|Talk]] </td><td> This page has been locked to prevent editing; there are a number of reasons why this may be so, please see &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:Protected page]]. You can view and copy the source of this page: </td><td> {{int:Protectedtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectlogpage&action=edit protectlogpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectlogpage|Talk]] </td><td> Protection_log </td><td> {{int:Protectlogpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectlogtext&action=edit protectlogtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectlogtext|Talk]] </td><td> Below is a list of page locks/unlocks. See &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:Protected page]] for more information. </td><td> {{int:Protectlogtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectpage&action=edit protectpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectpage|Talk]] </td><td> Protect page </td><td> {{int:Protectpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectreason&action=edit protectreason]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectreason|Talk]] </td><td> (give a reason) </td><td> {{int:Protectreason}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectsub&action=edit protectsub]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectsub|Talk]] </td><td> (Protecting &quot;$1&quot;) </td><td> {{int:Protectsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectthispage&action=edit protectthispage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectthispage|Talk]] </td><td> Protect this page </td><td> {{int:Protectthispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Proxyblocker&action=edit proxyblocker]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Proxyblocker|Talk]] </td><td> Proxy blocker </td><td> {{int:Proxyblocker}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Proxyblockreason&action=edit proxyblockreason]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Proxyblockreason|Talk]] </td><td> Your IP address has been blocked because it is an open proxy. Please contact your Internet service provider or tech support and inform them of this serious security problem. </td><td> {{int:Proxyblockreason}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Proxyblocksuccess&action=edit proxyblocksuccess]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Proxyblocksuccess|Talk]] </td><td> Done. </td><td> {{int:Proxyblocksuccess}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbbrowse&action=edit qbbrowse]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Qbbrowse|Talk]] </td><td> Browse </td><td> {{int:Qbbrowse}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbedit&action=edit qbedit]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Qbedit|Talk]] </td><td> Edit </td><td> {{int:Qbedit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbfind&action=edit qbfind]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Qbfind|Talk]] </td><td> Find </td><td> {{int:Qbfind}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbmyoptions&action=edit qbmyoptions]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Qbmyoptions|Talk]] </td><td> My pages </td><td> {{int:Qbmyoptions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbpageinfo&action=edit qbpageinfo]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Qbpageinfo|Talk]] </td><td> Context </td><td> {{int:Qbpageinfo}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbpageoptions&action=edit qbpageoptions]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Qbpageoptions|Talk]] </td><td> This page </td><td> {{int:Qbpageoptions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbsettings&action=edit qbsettings]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Qbsettings|Talk]] </td><td> Quickbar settings </td><td> {{int:Qbsettings}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbsettingsnote&action=edit qbsettingsnote]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Qbsettingsnote|Talk]] </td><td> This preference only works in the &#39;Standard&#39; and the &#39;CologneBlue&#39; skin. </td><td> {{int:Qbsettingsnote}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbspecialpages&action=edit qbspecialpages]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Qbspecialpages|Talk]] </td><td> Special pages </td><td> {{int:Qbspecialpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Querybtn&action=edit querybtn]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Querybtn|Talk]] </td><td> Submit query </td><td> {{int:Querybtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Querysuccessful&action=edit querysuccessful]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Querysuccessful|Talk]] </td><td> Query successful </td><td> {{int:Querysuccessful}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Randompage&action=edit randompage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Randompage|Talk]] </td><td> Random page </td><td> {{int:Randompage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Range_block_disabled&action=edit range_block_disabled]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Range_block_disabled|Talk]] </td><td> The sysop ability to create range blocks is disabled. </td><td> {{int:Range_block_disabled}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rchide&action=edit rchide]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rchide|Talk]] </td><td> in $4 form; $1 minor edits; $2 secondary namespaces; $3 multiple edits. </td><td> {{int:Rchide}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rclinks&action=edit rclinks]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rclinks|Talk]] </td><td> Show last $1 changes in last $2 days&lt;br /&gt;$3 </td><td> {{int:Rclinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rclistfrom&action=edit rclistfrom]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rclistfrom|Talk]] </td><td> Show new changes starting from $1 </td><td> {{int:Rclistfrom}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcliu&action=edit rcliu]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rcliu|Talk]] </td><td> ; $1 edits from logged in users </td><td> {{int:Rcliu}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcloaderr&action=edit rcloaderr]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rcloaderr|Talk]] </td><td> Loading recent changes </td><td> {{int:Rcloaderr}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rclsub&action=edit rclsub]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rclsub|Talk]] </td><td> (to pages linked from &quot;$1&quot;) </td><td> {{int:Rclsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcnote&action=edit rcnote]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rcnote|Talk]] </td><td> Below are the last &lt;strong&gt;$1&lt;/strong&gt; changes in last &lt;strong&gt;$2&lt;/strong&gt; days. </td><td> {{int:Rcnote}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcnotefrom&action=edit rcnotefrom]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rcnotefrom|Talk]] </td><td> Below are the changes since &lt;b&gt;$2&lt;/b&gt; (up to &lt;b&gt;$1&lt;/b&gt; shown). </td><td> {{int:Rcnotefrom}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Readonly&action=edit readonly]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Readonly|Talk]] </td><td> Database locked </td><td> {{int:Readonly}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Readonlytext&action=edit readonlytext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Readonlytext|Talk]] </td><td> The database is currently locked to new entries and other modifications, probably for routine database maintenance, after which it will be back to normal. The administrator who locked it offered this explanation: &lt;p&gt;$1 </td><td> {{int:Readonlytext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Readonlywarning&action=edit readonlywarning]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Readonlywarning|Talk]] </td><td> WARNING: The database has been locked for maintenance, so you will not be able to save your edits right now. You may wish to cut-n-paste the text into a text file and save it for later. </td><td> {{int:Readonlywarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchanges&action=edit recentchanges]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Recentchanges|Talk]] </td><td> Recent changes </td><td> {{int:Recentchanges}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchangescount&action=edit recentchangescount]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Recentchangescount|Talk]] </td><td> Number of titles in recent changes </td><td> {{int:Recentchangescount}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchangeslinked&action=edit recentchangeslinked]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Recentchangeslinked|Talk]] </td><td> Related changes </td><td> {{int:Recentchangeslinked}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchangestext&action=edit recentchangestext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Recentchangestext|Talk]] </td><td> Track the most recent changes to the wiki on this page. </td><td> {{int:Recentchangestext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Redirectedfrom&action=edit redirectedfrom]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Redirectedfrom|Talk]] </td><td> (Redirected from $1) </td><td> {{int:Redirectedfrom}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Remembermypassword&action=edit remembermypassword]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Remembermypassword|Talk]] </td><td> Remember my password across sessions. </td><td> {{int:Remembermypassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removechecked&action=edit removechecked]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Removechecked|Talk]] </td><td> Remove checked items from watchlist </td><td> {{int:Removechecked}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removedwatch&action=edit removedwatch]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Removedwatch|Talk]] </td><td> Removed from watchlist </td><td> {{int:Removedwatch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removedwatchtext&action=edit removedwatchtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Removedwatchtext|Talk]] </td><td> The page &quot;$1&quot; has been removed from your watchlist. </td><td> {{int:Removedwatchtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removingchecked&action=edit removingchecked]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Removingchecked|Talk]] </td><td> Removing requested items from watchlist... </td><td> {{int:Removingchecked}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Resetprefs&action=edit resetprefs]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Resetprefs|Talk]] </td><td> Reset preferences </td><td> {{int:Resetprefs}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Restorelink&action=edit restorelink]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Restorelink|Talk]] </td><td> $1 deleted edits </td><td> {{int:Restorelink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Resultsperpage&action=edit resultsperpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Resultsperpage|Talk]] </td><td> Hits to show per page </td><td> {{int:Resultsperpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Retrievedfrom&action=edit retrievedfrom]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Retrievedfrom|Talk]] </td><td> Retrieved from &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> {{int:Retrievedfrom}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Returnto&action=edit returnto]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Returnto|Talk]] </td><td> Return to $1. </td><td> {{int:Returnto}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Retypenew&action=edit retypenew]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Retypenew|Talk]] </td><td> Retype new password </td><td> {{int:Retypenew}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Reupload&action=edit reupload]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Reupload|Talk]] </td><td> Re-upload </td><td> {{int:Reupload}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Reuploaddesc&action=edit reuploaddesc]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Reuploaddesc|Talk]] </td><td> Return to the upload form. </td><td> {{int:Reuploaddesc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Reverted&action=edit reverted]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Reverted|Talk]] </td><td> Reverted to earlier revision </td><td> {{int:Reverted}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revertimg&action=edit revertimg]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Revertimg|Talk]] </td><td> rev </td><td> {{int:Revertimg}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revertpage&action=edit revertpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Revertpage|Talk]] </td><td> Reverted edit of $2, changed back to last version by $1 </td><td> {{int:Revertpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revhistory&action=edit revhistory]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Revhistory|Talk]] </td><td> Revision history </td><td> {{int:Revhistory}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revisionasof&action=edit revisionasof]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Revisionasof|Talk]] </td><td> Revision as of $1 </td><td> {{int:Revisionasof}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revnotfound&action=edit revnotfound]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Revnotfound|Talk]] </td><td> Revision not found </td><td> {{int:Revnotfound}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revnotfoundtext&action=edit revnotfoundtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Revnotfoundtext|Talk]] </td><td> The old revision of the page you asked for could not be found. Please check the URL you used to access this page. </td><td> {{int:Revnotfoundtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rfcurl&action=edit rfcurl]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rfcurl|Talk]] </td><td> http&#58;//www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc$1.html </td><td> {{int:Rfcurl}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rights&action=edit rights]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rights|Talk]] </td><td> Rights: </td><td> {{int:Rights}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rollback&action=edit rollback]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rollback|Talk]] </td><td> Roll back edits </td><td> {{int:Rollback}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rollback_short&action=edit rollback_short]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rollback_short|Talk]] </td><td> Rollback </td><td> {{int:Rollback_short}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rollbackfailed&action=edit rollbackfailed]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rollbackfailed|Talk]] </td><td> Rollback failed </td><td> {{int:Rollbackfailed}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rollbacklink&action=edit rollbacklink]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rollbacklink|Talk]] </td><td> rollback </td><td> {{int:Rollbacklink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rows&action=edit rows]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rows|Talk]] </td><td> Rows </td><td> {{int:Rows}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Savearticle&action=edit savearticle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Savearticle|Talk]] </td><td> Save page </td><td> {{int:Savearticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Savedprefs&action=edit savedprefs]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Savedprefs|Talk]] </td><td> Your preferences have been saved. </td><td> {{int:Savedprefs}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Savefile&action=edit savefile]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Savefile|Talk]] </td><td> Save file </td><td> {{int:Savefile}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Saveprefs&action=edit saveprefs]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Saveprefs|Talk]] </td><td> Save preferences </td><td> {{int:Saveprefs}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Search&action=edit search]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Search|Talk]] </td><td> Search </td><td> {{int:Search}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchdisabled&action=edit searchdisabled]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Searchdisabled|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;p&gt;Sorry! Full text search has been disabled temporarily, for performance reasons. In the meantime, you can use the Google search below, which may be out of date.&lt;/p&gt; </td><td> {{int:Searchdisabled}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchhelppage&action=edit searchhelppage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Searchhelppage|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:Searching </td><td> {{int:Searchhelppage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchingwikipedia&action=edit searchingwikipedia]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Searchingwikipedia|Talk]] </td><td> Searching Wikipedia </td><td> {{int:Searchingwikipedia}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchquery&action=edit searchquery]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Searchquery|Talk]] </td><td> For query &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> {{int:Searchquery}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchresults&action=edit searchresults]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Searchresults|Talk]] </td><td> Search results </td><td> {{int:Searchresults}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchresultshead&action=edit searchresultshead]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Searchresultshead|Talk]] </td><td> Search result settings </td><td> {{int:Searchresultshead}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchresulttext&action=edit searchresulttext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Searchresulttext|Talk]] </td><td> For more information about searching Wikipedia, see $1. </td><td> {{int:Searchresulttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sectionedit&action=edit sectionedit]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Sectionedit|Talk]] </td><td> (section) </td><td> {{int:Sectionedit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selectnewerversionfordiff&action=edit selectnewerversionfordiff]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Selectnewerversionfordiff|Talk]] </td><td> Select a newer version for comparison </td><td> {{int:Selectnewerversionfordiff}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selectolderversionfordiff&action=edit selectolderversionfordiff]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Selectolderversionfordiff|Talk]] </td><td> Select an older version for comparison </td><td> {{int:Selectolderversionfordiff}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selectonly&action=edit selectonly]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Selectonly|Talk]] </td><td> Only read-only queries are allowed. </td><td> {{int:Selectonly}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selflinks&action=edit selflinks]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Selflinks|Talk]] </td><td> Pages with Self Links </td><td> {{int:Selflinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selflinkstext&action=edit selflinkstext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Selflinkstext|Talk]] </td><td> The following pages contain a link to themselves, which they should not. </td><td> {{int:Selflinkstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Seriousxhtmlerrors&action=edit seriousxhtmlerrors]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Seriousxhtmlerrors|Talk]] </td><td> There were serious xhtml markup errors detected by tidy. </td><td> {{int:Seriousxhtmlerrors}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Servertime&action=edit servertime]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Servertime|Talk]] </td><td> Server time is now </td><td> {{int:Servertime}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Set_rights_fail&action=edit set_rights_fail]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Set_rights_fail|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;b&gt;User rights for &quot;$1&quot; could not be set. (Did you enter the name correctly?)&lt;/b&gt; </td><td> {{int:Set_rights_fail}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Set_user_rights&action=edit set_user_rights]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Set_user_rights|Talk]] </td><td> Set user rights </td><td> {{int:Set_user_rights}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Setbureaucratflag&action=edit setbureaucratflag]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Setbureaucratflag|Talk]] </td><td> Set bureaucrat flag </td><td> {{int:Setbureaucratflag}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Shortpages&action=edit shortpages]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Shortpages|Talk]] </td><td> Short pages </td><td> {{int:Shortpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Show&action=edit show]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Show|Talk]] </td><td> show </td><td> {{int:Show}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showhideminor&action=edit showhideminor]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Showhideminor|Talk]] </td><td> $1 minor edits &#124; $2 bots &#124; $3 logged in users </td><td> {{int:Showhideminor}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showingresults&action=edit showingresults]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Showingresults|Talk]] </td><td> Showing below &lt;b&gt;$1&lt;/b&gt; results starting with #&lt;b&gt;$2&lt;/b&gt;. </td><td> {{int:Showingresults}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showingresultsnum&action=edit showingresultsnum]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Showingresultsnum|Talk]] </td><td> Showing below &lt;b&gt;$3&lt;/b&gt; results starting with #&lt;b&gt;$2&lt;/b&gt;. </td><td> {{int:Showingresultsnum}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showlast&action=edit showlast]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Showlast|Talk]] </td><td> Show last $1 images sorted $2. </td><td> {{int:Showlast}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showpreview&action=edit showpreview]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Showpreview|Talk]] </td><td> Show preview </td><td> {{int:Showpreview}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showtoc&action=edit showtoc]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Showtoc|Talk]] </td><td> show </td><td> {{int:Showtoc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sig_tip&action=edit sig_tip]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Sig_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Your signature with timestamp </td><td> {{int:Sig_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitestats&action=edit sitestats]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Sitestats|Talk]] </td><td> Site statistics </td><td> {{int:Sitestats}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitestatstext&action=edit sitestatstext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Sitestatstext|Talk]] </td><td> There are &#39;&#39;&#39;$1&#39;&#39;&#39; total pages in the database. This includes &quot;talk&quot; pages, pages about Wikipedia, minimal &quot;stub&quot; pages, redirects, and others that probably don&#39;t qualify as content pages. Excluding those, there are &#39;&#39;&#39;$2&#39;&#39;&#39; pages that are probably legitimate content pages. There have been a total of &#39;&#39;&#39;$3&#39;&#39;&#39; page views, and &#39;&#39;&#39;$4&#39;&#39;&#39; page edits since the wiki was setup. That comes to &#39;&#39;&#39;$5&#39;&#39;&#39; average edits per page, and &#39;&#39;&#39;$6&#39;&#39;&#39; views per edit. </td><td> {{int:Sitestatstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitesubtitle&action=edit sitesubtitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Sitesubtitle|Talk]] </td><td> The Free Encyclopedia </td><td> {{int:Sitesubtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitesupport&action=edit sitesupport]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Sitesupport|Talk]] </td><td> Donations </td><td> {{int:Sitesupport}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitetitle&action=edit sitetitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Sitetitle|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia </td><td> {{int:Sitetitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Siteuser&action=edit siteuser]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Siteuser|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia user $1 </td><td> {{int:Siteuser}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Siteusers&action=edit siteusers]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Siteusers|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia user(s) $1 </td><td> {{int:Siteusers}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Skin&action=edit skin]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Skin|Talk]] </td><td> Skin </td><td> {{int:Skin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Spamprotectiontext&action=edit spamprotectiontext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Spamprotectiontext|Talk]] </td><td> The page you wanted to save was blocked by the spam filter. This is probably caused by a link to an external site. You might want to check the following regular expression for patterns that are currently blocked: </td><td> {{int:Spamprotectiontext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Spamprotectiontitle&action=edit spamprotectiontitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Spamprotectiontitle|Talk]] </td><td> Spam protection filter </td><td> {{int:Spamprotectiontitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Specialpage&action=edit specialpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Specialpage|Talk]] </td><td> Special Page </td><td> {{int:Specialpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Specialpages&action=edit specialpages]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Specialpages|Talk]] </td><td> Special pages </td><td> {{int:Specialpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Spheading&action=edit spheading]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Spheading|Talk]] </td><td> Special pages for all users </td><td> {{int:Spheading}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sqlislogged&action=edit sqlislogged]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Sqlislogged|Talk]] </td><td> Please note that all queries are logged. </td><td> {{int:Sqlislogged}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sqlquery&action=edit sqlquery]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Sqlquery|Talk]] </td><td> Enter query </td><td> {{int:Sqlquery}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Statistics&action=edit statistics]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Statistics|Talk]] </td><td> Statistics </td><td> {{int:Statistics}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Storedversion&action=edit storedversion]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Storedversion|Talk]] </td><td> Stored version </td><td> {{int:Storedversion}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Stubthreshold&action=edit stubthreshold]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Stubthreshold|Talk]] </td><td> Threshold for stub display </td><td> {{int:Stubthreshold}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Subcategories&action=edit subcategories]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Subcategories|Talk]] </td><td> Subcategories </td><td> {{int:Subcategories}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Subcategorycount&action=edit subcategorycount]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Subcategorycount|Talk]] </td><td> There are $1 subcategories to this category. </td><td> {{int:Subcategorycount}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Subject&action=edit subject]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Subject|Talk]] </td><td> Subject/headline </td><td> {{int:Subject}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Subjectpage&action=edit subjectpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Subjectpage|Talk]] </td><td> View subject </td><td> {{int:Subjectpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Successfulupload&action=edit successfulupload]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Successfulupload|Talk]] </td><td> Successful upload </td><td> {{int:Successfulupload}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Summary&action=edit summary]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Summary|Talk]] </td><td> Summary </td><td> {{int:Summary}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sysopspheading&action=edit sysopspheading]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Sysopspheading|Talk]] </td><td> For sysop use only </td><td> {{int:Sysopspheading}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sysoptext&action=edit sysoptext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Sysoptext|Talk]] </td><td> The action you have requested can only be performed by users with &quot;sysop&quot; status. See $1. </td><td> {{int:Sysoptext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sysoptitle&action=edit sysoptitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Sysoptitle|Talk]] </td><td> Sysop access required </td><td> {{int:Sysoptitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tableform&action=edit tableform]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tableform|Talk]] </td><td> table </td><td> {{int:Tableform}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talk&action=edit talk]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Talk|Talk]] </td><td> Discussion </td><td> {{int:Talk}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkexists&action=edit talkexists]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Talkexists|Talk]] </td><td> The page itself was moved successfully, but the talk page could not be moved because one already exists at the new title. Please merge them manually. </td><td> {{int:Talkexists}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkpage&action=edit talkpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Talkpage|Talk]] </td><td> Discuss this page </td><td> {{int:Talkpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkpagemoved&action=edit talkpagemoved]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Talkpagemoved|Talk]] </td><td> The corresponding talk page was also moved. </td><td> {{int:Talkpagemoved}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkpagenotmoved&action=edit talkpagenotmoved]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Talkpagenotmoved|Talk]] </td><td> The corresponding talk page was &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; moved. </td><td> {{int:Talkpagenotmoved}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkpagetext&action=edit talkpagetext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Talkpagetext|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;!-- MediaWiki:talkpagetext --&gt; </td><td> {{int:Talkpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Textboxsize&action=edit textboxsize]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Textboxsize|Talk]] </td><td> Textbox dimensions </td><td> {{int:Textboxsize}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Textmatches&action=edit textmatches]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Textmatches|Talk]] </td><td> Page text matches </td><td> {{int:Textmatches}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Thisisdeleted&action=edit thisisdeleted]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Thisisdeleted|Talk]] </td><td> View or restore $1? </td><td> {{int:Thisisdeleted}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Thumbnail-more&action=edit thumbnail-more]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Thumbnail-more|Talk]] </td><td> Enlarge </td><td> {{int:Thumbnail-more}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Timezonelegend&action=edit timezonelegend]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Timezonelegend|Talk]] </td><td> Time zone </td><td> {{int:Timezonelegend}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Timezoneoffset&action=edit timezoneoffset]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Timezoneoffset|Talk]] </td><td> Offset </td><td> {{int:Timezoneoffset}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Timezonetext&action=edit timezonetext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Timezonetext|Talk]] </td><td> Enter number of hours your local time differs from server time (UTC). </td><td> {{int:Timezonetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Titlematches&action=edit titlematches]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Titlematches|Talk]] </td><td> Article title matches </td><td> {{int:Titlematches}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Toc&action=edit toc]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Toc|Talk]] </td><td> Table of contents </td><td> {{int:Toc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Toolbox&action=edit toolbox]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Toolbox|Talk]] </td><td> Toolbox </td><td> {{int:Toolbox}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-compareselectedversions&action=edit tooltip-compareselectedversions]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-compareselectedversions|Talk]] </td><td> See the differences between the two selected versions of this page. &#91;alt-v] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-compareselectedversions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-minoredit&action=edit tooltip-minoredit]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-minoredit|Talk]] </td><td> Mark this as a minor edit &#91;alt-i] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-minoredit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-preview&action=edit tooltip-preview]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-preview|Talk]] </td><td> Preview your changes, please use this before saving! &#91;alt-p] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-preview}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-save&action=edit tooltip-save]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-save|Talk]] </td><td> Save your changes &#91;alt-s] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-save}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-search&action=edit tooltip-search]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-search|Talk]] </td><td> Search this wiki &#91;alt-f] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-search}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uclinks&action=edit uclinks]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uclinks|Talk]] </td><td> View the last $1 changes; view the last $2 days. </td><td> {{int:Uclinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ucnote&action=edit ucnote]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ucnote|Talk]] </td><td> Below are this user&#39;s last &lt;b&gt;$1&lt;/b&gt; changes in the last &lt;b&gt;$2&lt;/b&gt; days. </td><td> {{int:Ucnote}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uctop&action=edit uctop]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uctop|Talk]] </td><td> (top) </td><td> {{int:Uctop}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblockip&action=edit unblockip]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unblockip|Talk]] </td><td> Unblock user </td><td> {{int:Unblockip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblockiptext&action=edit unblockiptext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unblockiptext|Talk]] </td><td> Use the form below to restore write access to a previously blocked IP address or username. </td><td> {{int:Unblockiptext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblocklink&action=edit unblocklink]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unblocklink|Talk]] </td><td> unblock </td><td> {{int:Unblocklink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblocklogentry&action=edit unblocklogentry]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unblocklogentry|Talk]] </td><td> unblocked &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> {{int:Unblocklogentry}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undelete&action=edit undelete]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Undelete|Talk]] </td><td> Restore deleted page </td><td> {{int:Undelete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undelete_short&action=edit undelete_short]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Undelete_short|Talk]] </td><td> Undelete $1 edits </td><td> {{int:Undelete_short}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletearticle&action=edit undeletearticle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeletearticle|Talk]] </td><td> Restore deleted page </td><td> {{int:Undeletearticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletebtn&action=edit undeletebtn]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeletebtn|Talk]] </td><td> Restore! </td><td> {{int:Undeletebtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletedarticle&action=edit undeletedarticle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeletedarticle|Talk]] </td><td> restored &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> {{int:Undeletedarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletedtext&action=edit undeletedtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeletedtext|Talk]] </td><td> &#91;&#91;$1]] has been successfully restored. See &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:Deletion_log]] for a record of recent deletions and restorations. </td><td> {{int:Undeletedtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletehistory&action=edit undeletehistory]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeletehistory|Talk]] </td><td> If you restore the page, all revisions will be restored to the history. If a new page with the same name has been created since the deletion, the restored revisions will appear in the prior history, and the current revision of the live page will not be automatically replaced. </td><td> {{int:Undeletehistory}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletepage&action=edit undeletepage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeletepage|Talk]] </td><td> View and restore deleted pages </td><td> {{int:Undeletepage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletepagetext&action=edit undeletepagetext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeletepagetext|Talk]] </td><td> The following pages have been deleted but are still in the archive and can be restored. The archive may be periodically cleaned out. </td><td> {{int:Undeletepagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeleterevision&action=edit undeleterevision]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeleterevision|Talk]] </td><td> Deleted revision as of $1 </td><td> {{int:Undeleterevision}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeleterevisions&action=edit undeleterevisions]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeleterevisions|Talk]] </td><td> $1 revisions archived </td><td> {{int:Undeleterevisions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unexpected&action=edit unexpected]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unexpected|Talk]] </td><td> Unexpected value: &quot;$1&quot;=&quot;$2&quot;. </td><td> {{int:Unexpected}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockbtn&action=edit unlockbtn]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unlockbtn|Talk]] </td><td> Unlock database </td><td> {{int:Unlockbtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockconfirm&action=edit unlockconfirm]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unlockconfirm|Talk]] </td><td> Yes, I really want to unlock the database. </td><td> {{int:Unlockconfirm}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdb&action=edit unlockdb]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unlockdb|Talk]] </td><td> Unlock database </td><td> {{int:Unlockdb}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdbsuccesssub&action=edit unlockdbsuccesssub]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unlockdbsuccesssub|Talk]] </td><td> Database lock removed </td><td> {{int:Unlockdbsuccesssub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdbsuccesstext&action=edit unlockdbsuccesstext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unlockdbsuccesstext|Talk]] </td><td> The database has been unlocked. </td><td> {{int:Unlockdbsuccesstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdbtext&action=edit unlockdbtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unlockdbtext|Talk]] </td><td> Unlocking the database will restore the ability of all users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and other things requiring changes in the database. Please confirm that this is what you intend to do. </td><td> {{int:Unlockdbtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unprotect&action=edit unprotect]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unprotect|Talk]] </td><td> Unprotect </td><td> {{int:Unprotect}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unprotectcomment&action=edit unprotectcomment]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unprotectcomment|Talk]] </td><td> Reason for unprotecting </td><td> {{int:Unprotectcomment}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unprotectedarticle&action=edit unprotectedarticle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unprotectedarticle|Talk]] </td><td> unprotected &#91;&#91;$1]] </td><td> {{int:Unprotectedarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unprotectsub&action=edit unprotectsub]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unprotectsub|Talk]] </td><td> (Unprotecting &quot;$1&quot;) </td><td> {{int:Unprotectsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unprotectthispage&action=edit unprotectthispage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unprotectthispage|Talk]] </td><td> Unprotect this page </td><td> {{int:Unprotectthispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unusedimages&action=edit unusedimages]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unusedimages|Talk]] </td><td> Unused images </td><td> {{int:Unusedimages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unusedimagestext&action=edit unusedimagestext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unusedimagestext|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;p&gt;Please note that other web sites may link to an image with a direct URL, and so may still be listed here despite being in active use. </td><td> {{int:Unusedimagestext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unwatch&action=edit unwatch]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unwatch|Talk]] </td><td> Unwatch </td><td> {{int:Unwatch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unwatchthispage&action=edit unwatchthispage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unwatchthispage|Talk]] </td><td> Stop watching </td><td> {{int:Unwatchthispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Updated&action=edit updated]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Updated|Talk]] </td><td> (Updated) </td><td> {{int:Updated}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Upload&action=edit upload]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Upload|Talk]] </td><td> Upload file </td><td> {{int:Upload}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadbtn&action=edit uploadbtn]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadbtn|Talk]] </td><td> Upload file </td><td> {{int:Uploadbtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploaddisabled&action=edit uploaddisabled]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploaddisabled|Talk]] </td><td> Sorry, uploading is disabled. </td><td> {{int:Uploaddisabled}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadedfiles&action=edit uploadedfiles]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadedfiles|Talk]] </td><td> Uploaded files </td><td> {{int:Uploadedfiles}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadedimage&action=edit uploadedimage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadedimage|Talk]] </td><td> uploaded &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> {{int:Uploadedimage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploaderror&action=edit uploaderror]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploaderror|Talk]] </td><td> Upload error </td><td> {{int:Uploaderror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadfile&action=edit uploadfile]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadfile|Talk]] </td><td> Upload images, sounds, documents etc. </td><td> {{int:Uploadfile}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlink&action=edit uploadlink]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadlink|Talk]] </td><td> Upload images </td><td> {{int:Uploadlink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlog&action=edit uploadlog]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadlog|Talk]] </td><td> upload log </td><td> {{int:Uploadlog}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlogpage&action=edit uploadlogpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadlogpage|Talk]] </td><td> Upload_log </td><td> {{int:Uploadlogpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlogpagetext&action=edit uploadlogpagetext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadlogpagetext|Talk]] </td><td> Below is a list of the most recent file uploads. All times shown are server time (UTC). &lt;ul&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; </td><td> {{int:Uploadlogpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadnologin&action=edit uploadnologin]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadnologin|Talk]] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> {{int:Uploadnologin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadnologintext&action=edit uploadnologintext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadnologintext|Talk]] </td><td> You must be &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Userlogin&quot;&gt;logged in&lt;/a&gt; to upload files. </td><td> {{int:Uploadnologintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadtext&action=edit uploadtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadtext|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;strong&gt;STOP!&lt;/strong&gt; Before you upload here, make sure to read and follow the &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Image_use_policy&quot;&gt;image use policy&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;p&gt;If a file with the name you are specifying already exists on the wiki, it&#39;ll be replaced without warning. So unless you mean to update a file, it&#39;s a good idea to first check if such a file exists. &lt;p&gt;To view or search previously uploaded images, go to the &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Imagelist&quot;&gt;list of uploaded images&lt;/a&gt;. Uploads and deletions are logged on the &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Wikipedia:Upload_log&quot;&gt;upload log&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Use the form below to upload new image files for use in illustrating your pages. On most browsers, you will see a &quot;Browse...&quot; button, which will bring up your operating system&#39;s standard file open dialog. Choosing a file will fill the name of that file into the text field next to the button. You must also check the box affirming that you are not violating any copyrights by uploading the file. Press the &quot;Upload&quot; button to finish the upload. This may take some time if you have a slow internet connection. &lt;p&gt;The preferred formats are JPEG for photographic images, PNG for drawings and other iconic images, and OGG for sounds. Please name your files descriptively to avoid confusion. To include the image in a page, use a link in the form &lt;b&gt;&#91;&#91;Image:file.jpg]]&lt;/b&gt; or &lt;b&gt;&#91;&#91;Image:file.png&#124;alt text]]&lt;/b&gt; or &lt;b&gt;&#91;&#91;Media:file.ogg]]&lt;/b&gt; for sounds. &lt;p&gt;Please note that as with wiki pages, others may edit or delete your uploads if they think it serves the project, and you may be blocked from uploading if you abuse the system. </td><td> {{int:Uploadtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadwarning&action=edit uploadwarning]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadwarning|Talk]] </td><td> Upload warning </td><td> {{int:Uploadwarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Usenewcategorypage&action=edit usenewcategorypage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Usenewcategorypage|Talk]] </td><td> 1 Set first character to &quot;0&quot; to disable the new category page layout. </td><td> {{int:Usenewcategorypage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:User_rights_set&action=edit user_rights_set]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:User_rights_set|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;b&gt;User rights for &quot;$1&quot; updated&lt;/b&gt; </td><td> {{int:User_rights_set}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Usercssjsyoucanpreview&action=edit usercssjsyoucanpreview]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Usercssjsyoucanpreview|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;strong&gt;Tip:&lt;/strong&gt; Use the &#39;Show preview&#39; button to test your new css/js before saving. </td><td> {{int:Usercssjsyoucanpreview}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Usercsspreview&action=edit usercsspreview]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Usercsspreview|Talk]] </td><td> &#39;&#39;&#39;Remember that you are only previewing your user css, it has not yet been saved!&#39;&#39;&#39; </td><td> {{int:Usercsspreview}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userexists&action=edit userexists]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Userexists|Talk]] </td><td> The user name you entered is already in use. Please choose a different name. </td><td> {{int:Userexists}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userjspreview&action=edit userjspreview]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Userjspreview|Talk]] </td><td> &#39;&#39;&#39;Remember that you are only testing/previewing your user javascript, it has not yet been saved!&#39;&#39;&#39; </td><td> {{int:Userjspreview}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userlogin&action=edit userlogin]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Userlogin|Talk]] </td><td> Log in </td><td> {{int:Userlogin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userlogout&action=edit userlogout]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Userlogout|Talk]] </td><td> Log out </td><td> {{int:Userlogout}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Usermailererror&action=edit usermailererror]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Usermailererror|Talk]] </td><td> Mail object returned error: </td><td> {{int:Usermailererror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userpage&action=edit userpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Userpage|Talk]] </td><td> View user page </td><td> {{int:Userpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userstats&action=edit userstats]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Userstats|Talk]] </td><td> User statistics </td><td> {{int:Userstats}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userstatstext&action=edit userstatstext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Userstatstext|Talk]] </td><td> There are &#39;&#39;&#39;$1&#39;&#39;&#39; registered users. &#39;&#39;&#39;$2&#39;&#39;&#39; of these are administrators (see $3). </td><td> {{int:Userstatstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Version&action=edit version]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Version|Talk]] </td><td> Version </td><td> {{int:Version}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewcount&action=edit viewcount]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Viewcount|Talk]] </td><td> This page has been accessed $1 times. </td><td> {{int:Viewcount}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewprevnext&action=edit viewprevnext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Viewprevnext|Talk]] </td><td> View ($1) ($2) ($3). </td><td> {{int:Viewprevnext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewsource&action=edit viewsource]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Viewsource|Talk]] </td><td> View source </td><td> {{int:Viewsource}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewtalkpage&action=edit viewtalkpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Viewtalkpage|Talk]] </td><td> View discussion </td><td> {{int:Viewtalkpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wantedpages&action=edit wantedpages]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Wantedpages|Talk]] </td><td> Wanted pages </td><td> {{int:Wantedpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watch&action=edit watch]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watch|Talk]] </td><td> Watch </td><td> {{int:Watch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchdetails&action=edit watchdetails]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchdetails|Talk]] </td><td> ($1 pages watched not counting talk pages; $2 total pages edited since cutoff; $3... &lt;a href=&#39;$4&#39;&gt;show and edit complete list&lt;/a&gt;.) </td><td> {{int:Watchdetails}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watcheditlist&action=edit watcheditlist]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watcheditlist|Talk]] </td><td> Here&#39;s an alphabetical list of your watched pages. Check the boxes of pages you want to remove from your watchlist and click the &#39;remove checked&#39; button at the bottom of the screen. </td><td> {{int:Watcheditlist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchlist&action=edit watchlist]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchlist|Talk]] </td><td> My watchlist </td><td> {{int:Watchlist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchlistcontains&action=edit watchlistcontains]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchlistcontains|Talk]] </td><td> Your watchlist contains $1 pages. </td><td> {{int:Watchlistcontains}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchlistsub&action=edit watchlistsub]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchlistsub|Talk]] </td><td> (for user &quot;$1&quot;) </td><td> {{int:Watchlistsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchmethod-list&action=edit watchmethod-list]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchmethod-list|Talk]] </td><td> checking watched pages for recent edits </td><td> {{int:Watchmethod-list}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchmethod-recent&action=edit watchmethod-recent]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchmethod-recent|Talk]] </td><td> checking recent edits for watched pages </td><td> {{int:Watchmethod-recent}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchnochange&action=edit watchnochange]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchnochange|Talk]] </td><td> None of your watched items were edited in the time period displayed. </td><td> {{int:Watchnochange}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchnologin&action=edit watchnologin]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchnologin|Talk]] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> {{int:Watchnologin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchnologintext&action=edit watchnologintext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchnologintext|Talk]] </td><td> You must be &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Userlogin&quot;&gt;logged in&lt;/a&gt; to modify your watchlist. </td><td> {{int:Watchnologintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchthis&action=edit watchthis]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchthis|Talk]] </td><td> Watch this page </td><td> {{int:Watchthis}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchthispage&action=edit watchthispage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchthispage|Talk]] </td><td> Watch this page </td><td> {{int:Watchthispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Welcomecreation&action=edit welcomecreation]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Welcomecreation|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;h2&gt;Welcome, $1!&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Your account has been created. Don&#39;t forget to change your Wikipedia preferences. </td><td> {{int:Welcomecreation}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whatlinkshere&action=edit whatlinkshere]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Whatlinkshere|Talk]] </td><td> What links here </td><td> {{int:Whatlinkshere}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistacctext&action=edit whitelistacctext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Whitelistacctext|Talk]] </td><td> To be allowed to create accounts in this Wiki you have to &#91;&#91;Special:Userlogin&#124;log]] in and have the appropriate permissions. </td><td> {{int:Whitelistacctext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistacctitle&action=edit whitelistacctitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Whitelistacctitle|Talk]] </td><td> You are not allowed to create an account </td><td> {{int:Whitelistacctitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistedittext&action=edit whitelistedittext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Whitelistedittext|Talk]] </td><td> You have to &#91;&#91;Special:Userlogin&#124;login]] to edit pages. </td><td> {{int:Whitelistedittext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistedittitle&action=edit whitelistedittitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Whitelistedittitle|Talk]] </td><td> Login required to edit </td><td> {{int:Whitelistedittitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistreadtext&action=edit whitelistreadtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Whitelistreadtext|Talk]] </td><td> You have to &#91;&#91;Special:Userlogin&#124;login]] to read pages. </td><td> {{int:Whitelistreadtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistreadtitle&action=edit whitelistreadtitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Whitelistreadtitle|Talk]] </td><td> Login required to read </td><td> {{int:Whitelistreadtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wikipediapage&action=edit wikipediapage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Wikipediapage|Talk]] </td><td> View project page </td><td> {{int:Wikipediapage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wikititlesuffix&action=edit wikititlesuffix]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Wikititlesuffix|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia </td><td> {{int:Wikititlesuffix}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wlnote&action=edit wlnote]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Wlnote|Talk]] </td><td> Below are the last $1 changes in the last &lt;b&gt;$2&lt;/b&gt; hours. </td><td> {{int:Wlnote}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wlsaved&action=edit wlsaved]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Wlsaved|Talk]] </td><td> This is a saved version of your watchlist. </td><td> {{int:Wlsaved}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wlshowlast&action=edit wlshowlast]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Wlshowlast|Talk]] </td><td> Show last $1 hours $2 days $3 </td><td> {{int:Wlshowlast}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wrong_wfQuery_params&action=edit wrong_wfQuery_params]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Wrong_wfQuery_params|Talk]] </td><td> Incorrect parameters to wfQuery()&lt;br /&gt; Function: $1&lt;br /&gt; Query: $2 </td><td> {{int:Wrong_wfQuery_params}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wrongpassword&action=edit wrongpassword]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Wrongpassword|Talk]] </td><td> The password you entered is incorrect. Please try again. </td><td> {{int:Wrongpassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourdiff&action=edit yourdiff]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Yourdiff|Talk]] </td><td> Differences </td><td> {{int:Yourdiff}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Youremail&action=edit youremail]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Youremail|Talk]] </td><td> Your email* </td><td> {{int:Youremail}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourname&action=edit yourname]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Yourname|Talk]] </td><td> Your user name </td><td> {{int:Yourname}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yournick&action=edit yournick]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Yournick|Talk]] </td><td> Your nickname (for signatures) </td><td> {{int:Yournick}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourpassword&action=edit yourpassword]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Yourpassword|Talk]] </td><td> Your password </td><td> {{int:Yourpassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourpasswordagain&action=edit yourpasswordagain]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Yourpasswordagain|Talk]] </td><td> Retype password </td><td> {{int:Yourpasswordagain}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourrealname&action=edit yourrealname]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Yourrealname|Talk]] </td><td> Your real name* </td><td> {{int:Yourrealname}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourtext&action=edit yourtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Yourtext|Talk]] </td><td> Your text </td><td> {{int:Yourtext}} </td></tr></table> Wikipedia:Broken/ 793 sysop 4365 2004-08-13T12:54:24Z 24.29.135.164 <table> <tr><td align="right"><a href="/w/wiki.phtml?title=Special:Allpages&amp;from=HomePage" title ="Special:Allpages">HomePage</a></td><td> to </td><td align="left">Main Page</td></tr> </table> User:Suisui 794 4366 2004-08-06T16:03:50Z Suisui 5 [[ja:利用者:Suisui]][[m:User:Suisui]] User talk:Suisui 795 4367 2004-08-06T16:06:46Z Suisui 5 Hi!. I'm mainly active on ja.wikipedia. If you have message for me, Please write it [[m:User talk:Suisui]]. Thanx :).--[[User:Suisui|Suisui]] 16:06, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC) User:Davidcannon 796 4368 2004-10-07T11:12:21Z Davidcannon 7 {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} MediaWiki:Aboutsite 797 sysop 2715 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default About {{SITENAME}} 4369 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default About {{SITENAME}} 6223 2005-09-15T09:51:06Z Bombo 12 elɔkɔ elobamí {{SITENAME}} MediaWiki:Addgroup 798 sysop 2727 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Add Group 4370 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Add Group MediaWiki:Allarticles 799 sysop 2731 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default All articles 4371 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default All articles MediaWiki:Alllogstext 800 sysop 2732 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Combined display of upload, deletion, protection, blocking, and sysop logs. You can narrow down the view by selecting a log type, the user name, or the affected page. 4372 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Combined display of upload, deletion, protection, blocking, and sysop logs. You can narrow down the view by selecting a log type, the user name, or the affected page. MediaWiki:AllmessagesnotsupportedDB 801 sysop 2734 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Special:AllMessages not supported because wgUseDatabaseMessages is off. 4373 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Special:AllMessages not supported because wgUseDatabaseMessages is off. 8523 2006-07-01T18:57:57Z MediaWiki default '''Special:Allmessages''' cannot be used because '''$wgUseDatabaseMessages''' is switched off. MediaWiki:AllmessagesnotsupportedUI 802 sysop 2735 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Your current interface language <b>$1</b> is not supported by Special:AllMessages at this site. 4374 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Your current interface language <b>$1</b> is not supported by Special:AllMessages at this site. 7736 2006-02-26T01:55:29Z MediaWiki default Your current interface language <b>$1</b> is not supported by Special:AllMessages at this site. 8524 2006-07-01T18:57:57Z MediaWiki default Your current interface language <b>$1</b> is not supported by Special:Allmessages at this site. MediaWiki:Allpagesformtext1 803 sysop 2738 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Display pages starting at: $1 4375 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Display pages starting at: $1 MediaWiki:Allpagesformtext2 804 sysop 2739 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Choose namespace: $1 $2 4376 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Choose namespace: $1 $2 MediaWiki:Allpagesnamespace 805 sysop 2740 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default All pages ($1 namespace) 4377 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default All pages ($1 namespace) MediaWiki:Allpagesnext 806 sysop 2439 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Next 4378 2005-03-17T21:40:29Z Bombo 12 bolɛngɛli / suite 6224 2005-09-15T12:09:29Z Bombo 12 bolɛngɛli > MediaWiki:Allpagesprev 807 sysop 2440 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Previous 4379 2005-03-17T21:44:37Z Bombo 12 ya liboso / précédant 6225 2005-09-15T12:10:59Z Bombo 12 < ya liboso 7155 2005-12-03T23:01:24Z Moyogo 11 liboso → libosó < ya libosó MediaWiki:Allpagessubmit 808 sysop 2741 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Go 4380 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Go 6345 2005-09-27T16:45:02Z Bombo 12 kokɛndɛ MediaWiki:Apr 809 sysop 2750 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Apr 4381 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Apr MediaWiki:April 810 sysop 2530 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default April 4382 2005-04-02T16:15:40Z Bombo 12 avril MediaWiki:Articlenamespace 811 sysop 2752 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default (articles) 4383 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default (articles) MediaWiki:Asksqlpheading 812 sysop 2755 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default asksql level 4384 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default asksql level MediaWiki:Aug 813 sysop 2757 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Aug 4385 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Aug 9834 2006-11-21T22:18:28Z Bombo 12 Ogu MediaWiki:August 814 sysop 2531 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default August 4386 2005-04-02T16:16:16Z Bombo 12 ogusiti MediaWiki:Block compress delete 815 sysop 2769 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Can't delete this article because it contains block-compressed revisions. This is a temporary situation which the developers are well aware of, and should be fixed within a month or two. Please mark the article for deletion and wait for a developer to fix our buggy software. 4387 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Can't delete this article because it contains block-compressed revisions. This is a temporary situation which the developers are well aware of, and should be fixed within a month or two. Please mark the article for deletion and wait for a developer to fix our buggy software. MediaWiki:Blockpheading 816 sysop 2781 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default block level 4388 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default block level MediaWiki:Categoriespagetext 817 sysop 2801 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default The following categories exists in the wiki. 4389 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default The following categories exist in the wiki. MediaWiki:Categoryarticlecount1 818 sysop 2804 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default There is $1 article in this category. 4390 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default There is $1 article in this category. MediaWiki:Copyrightwarning2 819 sysop 2826 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Please note that all contributions to {{SITENAME}} may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you don't want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then don't submit it here.<br /> You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see $1 for details). <strong>DO NOT SUBMIT COPYRIGHTED WORK WITHOUT PERMISSION!</strong> 4391 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Please note that all contributions to {{SITENAME}} may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you don't want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then don't submit it here.<br /> You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see $1 for details). <strong>DO NOT SUBMIT COPYRIGHTED WORK WITHOUT PERMISSION!</strong> 7416 2005-12-22T07:25:02Z MediaWiki default Please note that all contributions to {{SITENAME}} may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you don't want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then don't submit it here.<br /> You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see $1 for details). <strong>DO NOT SUBMIT COPYRIGHTED WORK WITHOUT PERMISSION!</strong> MediaWiki:Createaccountpheading 820 sysop 2830 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default createaccount level 4392 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default createaccount level MediaWiki:Currentevents-url 821 sysop 2833 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Current events 4393 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Current events 9133 2006-08-19T13:34:46Z Bombo 12 Elɔ́kɔ ya sika Elɔ́kɔ ya sika MediaWiki:Currentrevisionlink 822 sysop 2835 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default view current revision 4394 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default view current revision 8542 2006-07-01T18:57:57Z MediaWiki default Current revision MediaWiki:Data 823 sysop 2836 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Data 4395 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Data MediaWiki:Dec 824 sysop 2843 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Dec 4396 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Dec 9312 2006-09-01T09:04:53Z Bombo 12 Des MediaWiki:December 825 sysop 2534 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default December 4397 2005-04-02T16:21:28Z Bombo 12 desembere MediaWiki:Default 826 sysop 2844 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default default 4398 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default default MediaWiki:Deletedrevision 827 sysop 2850 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Deleted old revision $1. 4399 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Deleted old revision $1. MediaWiki:Deleteimgcompletely 828 sysop 2853 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Delete all revisions 4400 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Delete all revisions 5773 2005-07-29T10:52:02Z MediaWiki default Delete all revisions of this file MediaWiki:Deletepheading 829 sysop 2855 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default delete level 4401 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default delete level MediaWiki:Editgroup 830 sysop 2875 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Edit Group 4402 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Edit Group MediaWiki:Editingcomment 831 sysop 2879 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Editing $1 (comment) 4403 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Editing $1 (comment) 8779 2006-07-03T14:48:25Z Bombo 12 Kobalusa $1 (comment) MediaWiki:Editingsection 832 sysop 2881 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Editing $1 (section) 4404 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Editing $1 (section) MediaWiki:Editusergroup 833 sysop 2884 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Edit User Groups 4405 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Edit User Groups MediaWiki:Emptyfile 834 sysop 2896 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default The file you uploaded seems to be empty. This might be due to a typo in the file name. Please check whether you really want to upload this file. 4406 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default The file you uploaded seems to be empty. This might be due to a typo in the file name. Please check whether you really want to upload this file. MediaWiki:Feb 835 sysop 2911 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Feb 4407 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Feb MediaWiki:February 836 sysop 2536 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default February 4408 2005-04-02T16:25:11Z Bombo 12 febuari MediaWiki:Filemissing 837 sysop 2917 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default File missing 4409 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default File missing MediaWiki:Friday 838 sysop 2537 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Friday 4410 2005-04-02T16:27:31Z Bombo 12 mokɔlɔ ya mitano / vendredi 6419 2005-10-09T16:02:21Z Moyogo 11 mokɔlɔ ya mítáno MediaWiki:Geo 839 sysop 2925 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default GEO coordinates 4411 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default GEO coordinates MediaWiki:Illegalfilename 840 sysop 2942 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default The filename "$1" contains characters that are not allowed in page titles. Please rename the file and try uploading it again. 4412 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default The filename "$1" contains characters that are not allowed in page titles. Please rename the file and try uploading it again. MediaWiki:Imagemaxsize 841 sysop 2950 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Limit images on image description pages to: 4413 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Limit images on image description pages to: 7749 2006-02-26T01:55:30Z MediaWiki default Limit images on image description pages to: MediaWiki:Info short 842 sysop 2964 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Information 4414 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Information MediaWiki:Infosubtitle 843 sysop 2967 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Information for page 4415 2005-06-25T11:13:13Z MediaWiki default Information for page MediaWiki:Jan 844 sysop 2540 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Jan 4416 2005-04-02T16:30:35Z Bombo 12 yan MediaWiki:January 845 sysop 2538 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default January 4417 2005-04-02T16:29:37Z Bombo 12 yanuari MediaWiki:Jul 846 sysop 2541 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Jul 4418 2005-04-02T16:31:30Z Bombo 12 yul MediaWiki:July 847 sysop 2539 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default July 4419 2005-04-02T16:30:00Z Bombo 12 yuli MediaWiki:Jun 848 sysop 2542 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Jun 4420 2005-04-02T16:32:24Z Bombo 12 yun MediaWiki:June 849 sysop 2543 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default June 4421 2005-04-02T16:33:09Z Bombo 12 yuni MediaWiki:Listingcontinuesabbrev 850 sysop 2997 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default cont. 4422 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default cont. MediaWiki:Log 851 sysop 3009 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Logs 4423 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Logs MediaWiki:Mar 852 sysop 3040 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Mar 4424 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Mar MediaWiki:March 853 sysop 2544 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default March 4425 2005-04-02T16:34:48Z Bombo 12 mars MediaWiki:Markaspatrolleddiff 854 sysop 3041 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Mark as patrolled 4426 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Mark as patrolled MediaWiki:Markaspatrolledlink 855 sysop 3042 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default <div class='patrollink'>[$1]</div> 4427 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default <div class='patrollink'>[$1]</div> 5062 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default [$1] MediaWiki:Markaspatrolledtext 856 sysop 3043 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Mark this article as patrolled 4428 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Mark this article as patrolled MediaWiki:Markedaspatrolled 857 sysop 3044 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Marked as patrolled 4429 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Marked as patrolled MediaWiki:Markedaspatrolledtext 858 sysop 3045 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default The selected revision has been marked as patrolled. 4430 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default The selected revision has been marked as patrolled. MediaWiki:May 859 sysop 2545 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default May 4431 2005-04-02T16:35:42Z Bombo 12 mai MediaWiki:May long 860 sysop 2546 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default May 4432 2005-04-02T16:36:01Z Bombo 12 mai MediaWiki:Monday 861 sysop 2547 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Monday 4433 2005-04-02T16:38:42Z Bombo 12 mokolo ya liboso 7156 2005-12-03T23:02:11Z Moyogo 11 liboso → libosó, mokɔlɔ mokɔlɔ ya libosó MediaWiki:Mw math html 862 sysop 3084 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default HTML if possible or else PNG 4434 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default HTML if possible or else PNG MediaWiki:Mw math mathml 863 sysop 3085 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default MathML if possible (experimental) 4435 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default MathML if possible (experimental) MediaWiki:Mw math modern 864 sysop 3086 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Recommended for modern browsers 4436 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Recommended for modern browsers MediaWiki:Mw math png 865 sysop 3087 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Always render PNG 4437 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Always render PNG MediaWiki:Mw math simple 866 sysop 3088 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default HTML if very simple or else PNG 4438 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default HTML if very simple or else PNG MediaWiki:Mw math source 867 sysop 3089 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Leave it as TeX (for text browsers) 4439 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Leave it as TeX (for text browsers) MediaWiki:Newbies 868 sysop 3097 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default newbies 4440 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default newbies MediaWiki:Newimages 869 sysop 3098 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default New images gallery 4441 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default New images gallery 5794 2005-07-29T10:52:03Z MediaWiki default Gallery of new files MediaWiki:Nextdiff 870 sysop 3109 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Go to next diff &rarr; 4442 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Go to next diff &rarr; 5076 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default Next diff → 5795 2005-07-29T10:52:03Z MediaWiki default Next diff &rarr; 6013 2005-08-19T23:24:04Z MediaWiki default Next diff → 6495 2005-10-14T10:49:19Z Bombo 12 Bolɛngɛli diff → MediaWiki:Nextpage 871 sysop 3111 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Next page ($1) 4443 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Next page ($1) MediaWiki:Nextrevision 872 sysop 3112 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Newer revision&rarr; 4444 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Newer revision&rarr; 6014 2005-08-19T23:24:04Z MediaWiki default Newer revision→ MediaWiki:Noimages 873 sysop 3130 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Nothing to see. 4445 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Nothing to see. MediaWiki:Nonunicodebrowser 874 sysop 3135 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default <strong>WARNING: Your browser is not unicode compliant, please change it before editing an article.</strong> 4446 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default <strong>WARNING: Your browser is not unicode compliant, please change it before editing an article.</strong> 5796 2005-07-29T10:52:03Z MediaWiki default <strong>WARNING: Your browser is not unicode compliant. A workaround is in place to allow you to safely edit articles: non-ASCII characters will appear in the edit box as hexadecimal codes.</strong> MediaWiki:Nosuchusershort 875 sysop 3141 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default There is no user by the name "$1". Check your spelling. 4447 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default There is no user by the name "$1". Check your spelling. MediaWiki:Nov 876 sysop 3150 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Nov 4448 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Nov MediaWiki:November 877 sysop 2548 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default November 4449 2005-04-02T16:39:40Z Bombo 12 novembere MediaWiki:Numauthors 878 sysop 3162 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Number of distinct authors (article): $1 4450 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Number of distinct authors (article): $1 MediaWiki:Numedits 879 sysop 3163 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Number of edits (article): $1 4451 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Number of edits (article): $1 MediaWiki:Numtalkauthors 880 sysop 3164 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Number of distinct authors (discussion page): $1 4452 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Number of distinct authors (discussion page): $1 MediaWiki:Numtalkedits 881 sysop 3165 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Number of edits (discussion page): $1 4453 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Number of edits (discussion page): $1 MediaWiki:Numwatchers 882 sysop 3166 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Number of watchers: $1 4454 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Number of watchers: $1 MediaWiki:Oct 883 sysop 2551 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Oct 4455 2005-04-02T16:42:58Z Bombo 12 okt MediaWiki:October 884 sysop 2552 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default October 4456 2005-04-02T16:43:36Z Bombo 12 oktobele MediaWiki:Previousdiff 885 sysop 3204 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default &larr; Go to previous diff 4457 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default &larr; Go to previous diff 5091 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default ← Previous diff 5803 2005-07-29T10:52:04Z MediaWiki default &larr; Previous diff 6015 2005-08-19T23:24:04Z MediaWiki default ← Previous diff 6498 2005-10-14T10:56:10Z Bombo 12 ← diff ya liboso 7157 2005-12-03T23:02:35Z Moyogo 11 liboso → libosó ← diff ya libosó MediaWiki:Previousrevision 886 sysop 3205 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default &larr;Older revision 4458 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default &larr;Older revision 6016 2005-08-19T23:24:04Z MediaWiki default ←Older revision MediaWiki:Protectmoveonly 887 sysop 3217 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Protect from moves only 4459 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Protect from moves only MediaWiki:Pubmedurl 888 sysop 3225 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=$1 4460 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=$1 MediaWiki:Randompage-url 889 sysop 3237 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Special:Randompage 4461 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Special:Randompage 5095 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default Special:Random MediaWiki:Rcpatroldisabled 890 sysop 3247 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Recent Changes Patrol disabled 4462 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Recent Changes Patrol disabled MediaWiki:Rcpatroldisabledtext 891 sysop 3248 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default The Recent Changes Patrol feature is currently disabled. 4463 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default The Recent Changes Patrol feature is currently disabled. MediaWiki:Recentchanges-url 892 sysop 3253 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Special:Recentchanges 4464 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Special:Recentchanges MediaWiki:Revisionasofwithlink 893 sysop 3276 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Revision as of $1; $2<br />$3 | $4 4465 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Revision as of $1; $2<br />$3 | $4 MediaWiki:Saturday 894 sysop 2557 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Saturday 4466 2005-04-02T16:50:24Z Bombo 12 mpɔsɔ / samedi MediaWiki:Savegroup 895 sysop 3287 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Save Group 4467 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Save Group MediaWiki:Saveusergroups 896 sysop 3289 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Save User Groups 4468 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Save User Groups MediaWiki:Sectionlink 897 sysop 3295 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default &rarr; 4469 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default &rarr; 6018 2005-08-19T23:24:04Z MediaWiki default MediaWiki:Sep 898 sysop 3301 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Sep 4470 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Sep MediaWiki:September 899 sysop 2554 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default September 4471 2005-04-02T16:46:39Z Bombo 12 septembere MediaWiki:Sharedupload 900 sysop 3307 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default This file is a shared upload and may be used by other projects. 4472 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default This is a file from the [[Commons:Main Page|Wikimedia Commons]]. Please see its '''[[Commons:Image:{{PAGENAME}}|description page]]''' there. 5116 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default This file is a shared upload and may be used by other projects. MediaWiki:Showbigimage 901 sysop 3310 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Download high resolution version ($1x$2, $3 KB) 4473 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Download high resolution version ($1x$2, $3 KB) MediaWiki:Siteadminpheading 902 sysop 3318 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default siteadmin level 4474 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default siteadmin level MediaWiki:Sitenotice 903 sysop 3319 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default 4475 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default - MediaWiki:Sitesettings 904 sysop 3320 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Site Settings 4476 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Site Settings MediaWiki:Sitesettings-caching 905 sysop 3321 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Page caching 4477 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Page caching MediaWiki:Sitesettings-cookies 906 sysop 3322 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Cookies 4478 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Cookies MediaWiki:Sitesettings-debugging 907 sysop 3323 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Debugging 4479 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Debugging MediaWiki:Sitesettings-features 908 sysop 3324 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Features 4480 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Features MediaWiki:Sitesettings-images 909 sysop 3325 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Images 4481 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Images MediaWiki:Sitesettings-memcached 910 sysop 3326 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Memcache Daemon 4482 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Memcache Daemon MediaWiki:Sitesettings-performance 911 sysop 3327 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Performance 4483 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Performance MediaWiki:Sitesettings-permissions 912 sysop 3328 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Permissions 4484 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Permissions MediaWiki:Sitesettings-permissions-banning 913 sysop 3329 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default User banning 4485 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default User banning MediaWiki:Sitesettings-permissions-miser 914 sysop 3330 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Performance settings 4486 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Performance settings MediaWiki:Sitesettings-permissions-readonly 915 sysop 3331 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Maintenance mode: Disable write access 4487 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Maintenance mode: Disable write access MediaWiki:Sitesettings-permissions-whitelist 916 sysop 3332 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Whitelist mode 4488 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Whitelist mode MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgAllowExternalImages 917 sysop 3333 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Allow to include external images into articles 4489 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Allow to include external images into articles MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgDefaultBlockExpiry 918 sysop 3334 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default By default, blocks expire after: 4490 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default By default, blocks expire after: MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgDisableQueryPages 919 sysop 3335 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default When in miser mode, disable all query pages, not only "expensive" ones 4491 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default When in miser mode, disable all query pages, not only "expensive" ones MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgHitcounterUpdateFreq 920 sysop 3336 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Hit counter update frequency 4492 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Hit counter update frequency MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgMiserMode 921 sysop 3337 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Enable miser mode, which disables most "expensive" features 4493 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Enable miser mode, which disables most "expensive" features MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgReadOnly 922 sysop 3338 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Readonly mode 4494 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Readonly mode MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgReadOnlyFile 923 sysop 3339 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Readonly message file 4495 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Readonly message file MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgShowIPinHeader 924 sysop 3340 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Show IP in header (for non-logged in users) 4496 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Show IP in header (for non-logged in users) MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgSysopRangeBans 925 sysop 3341 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Sysops may block IP-ranges 4497 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Sysops may block IP-ranges MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgSysopUserBans 926 sysop 3342 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Sysops may block logged-in users 4498 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Sysops may block logged-in users MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgUseCategoryBrowser 927 sysop 3343 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Enable experimental dmoz-like category browsing. Outputs things like: Encyclopedia > Music > Style of Music > Jazz 4499 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Enable experimental dmoz-like category browsing. Outputs things like: Encyclopedia > Music > Style of Music > Jazz MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgUseCategoryMagic 928 sysop 3344 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Enable categories 4500 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Enable categories MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgUseDatabaseMessages 929 sysop 3345 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Use database messages for user interface labels 4501 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Use database messages for user interface labels MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgUseWatchlistCache 930 sysop 3346 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Generate a watchlist once every hour or so 4502 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Generate a watchlist once every hour or so MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgWLCacheTimeout 931 sysop 3347 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default The hour or so mentioned above (in seconds): 4503 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default The hour or so mentioned above (in seconds): MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgWhitelistAccount-developer 932 sysop 3348 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Developers may create accounts for users 4504 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Developers may create accounts for users MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgWhitelistAccount-sysop 933 sysop 3349 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Sysops may create accounts for users 4505 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Sysops may create accounts for users MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgWhitelistAccount-user 934 sysop 3350 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Users may create accounts themself 4506 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Users may create accounts themself MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgWhitelistEdit 935 sysop 3351 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Users must be logged in to edit 4507 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Users must be logged in to edit MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgWhitelistRead 936 sysop 3352 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Anonymous users may only read these pages: 4508 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Anonymous users may only read these pages: MediaWiki:Sitesupport-url 937 sysop 3357 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Project:Site support 4509 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default Project:Site support 7363 2005-12-14T10:00:25Z Bombo 12 url wikimediafoundation [http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Faites_un_don] 7364 2005-12-14T10:01:57Z Bombo 12 http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Faites_un_don MediaWiki:Spamprotectionmatch 938 sysop 3362 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default The following text is what triggered our spam filter: $1 4510 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default The following text is what triggered our spam filter: $1 MediaWiki:Special version postfix 939 sysop 3365 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default &nbsp; 4511 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default &nbsp; MediaWiki:Special version prefix 940 sysop 3366 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default &nbsp; 4512 2005-06-25T11:13:14Z MediaWiki default &nbsp; MediaWiki:Subcategorycount1 941 sysop 3377 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default There is $1 subcategory to this category. 4513 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default There is $1 subcategory to this category. MediaWiki:Sunday 942 sysop 2555 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Sunday 2556 2005-04-02T16:48:21Z Bombo 12 eyenga 4514 2005-04-02T16:48:43Z Bombo 12 eyenga / dimanche MediaWiki:Tagline 943 sysop 3385 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default From {{SITENAME}} 4515 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default From {{SITENAME}} MediaWiki:Templatesused 944 sysop 3391 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Templates used on this page: 4516 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Templates used on this page: MediaWiki:Thursday 945 sysop 2558 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Thursday 4517 2005-04-02T16:53:11Z Bombo 12 mokɔlɔ ya mínei MediaWiki:Tog-editondblclick 946 sysop 3401 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Edit pages on double click (JavaScript) 4518 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Edit pages on double click (JavaScript) MediaWiki:Tog-editsection 947 sysop 3402 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Enable section editing via [edit] links 4519 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Enable section editing via [edit] links MediaWiki:Tog-editsectiononrightclick 948 sysop 3403 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Enable section editing by right clicking<br /> on section titles (JavaScript) 4520 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Enable section editing by right clicking<br /> on section titles (JavaScript) MediaWiki:Tog-editwidth 949 sysop 3404 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Edit box has full width 4521 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Edit box has full width MediaWiki:Tog-hideminor 950 sysop 3405 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Hide minor edits in recent changes 4522 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Hide minor edits in recent changes MediaWiki:Tog-highlightbroken 951 sysop 3406 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Format broken links <a href="" class="new">like this</a> (alternative: like this<a href="" class="internal">?</a>). 4523 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Format broken links <a href="" class="new">like this</a> (alternative: like this<a href="" class="internal">?</a>). MediaWiki:Tog-hover 952 sysop 3407 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Show hoverbox over wiki links 4524 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Show hoverbox over wiki links MediaWiki:Tog-justify 953 sysop 3408 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Justify paragraphs 4525 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Justify paragraphs MediaWiki:Tog-minordefault 954 sysop 3409 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Mark all edits minor by default 4526 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Mark all edits minor by default MediaWiki:Tog-nocache 955 sysop 3410 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Disable page caching 4527 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Disable page caching MediaWiki:Tog-numberheadings 956 sysop 3411 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Auto-number headings 4528 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Auto-number headings MediaWiki:Tog-previewonfirst 957 sysop 3412 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Show preview on first edit 4529 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Show preview on first edit MediaWiki:Tog-previewontop 958 sysop 3413 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Show preview before edit box and not after it 4530 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Show preview before edit box and not after it 5133 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default Show preview before edit box MediaWiki:Tog-rememberpassword 959 sysop 3414 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Remember password across sessions 4531 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Remember password across sessions 5134 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default Remember across sessions 9617 2006-10-25T19:01:13Z MediaWiki default 90 Remember my login on this computer MediaWiki:Tog-showtoc 960 sysop 3415 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Show table of contents<br />(for pages with more than 3 headings) 4532 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Show table of contents<br />(for pages with more than 3 headings) 5816 2005-07-29T10:52:04Z MediaWiki default Show table of contents (for pages with more than 3 headings) MediaWiki:Tog-showtoolbar 961 sysop 3416 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Show edit toolbar 4533 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Show edit toolbar 5136 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default Show edit toolbar (JavaScript) MediaWiki:Tog-underline 962 sysop 3417 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Underline links 4534 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Underline links 6860 2005-11-09T22:45:17Z MediaWiki default Underline links: MediaWiki:Tog-usenewrc 963 sysop 3418 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Enhanced recent changes (not for all browsers) 4535 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Enhanced recent changes (not for all browsers) 5137 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default Enhanced recent changes (JavaScript) MediaWiki:Tog-watchdefault 964 sysop 3419 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Add pages you edit to your watchlist 4536 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Add pages you edit to your watchlist 7918 2006-03-28T06:12:42Z MediaWiki default Add pages I edit to my watchlist MediaWiki:Tuesday 965 sysop 2559 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Tuesday 4537 2005-04-02T16:54:19Z Bombo 12 mokɔlɔ ya míbale 6417 2005-10-09T15:59:23Z Moyogo 11 mokɔlɔ ya míbalé MediaWiki:Uncategorizedcategories 966 sysop 3433 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Uncategorized categories 4538 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Uncategorized categories MediaWiki:Uncategorizedpages 967 sysop 3434 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Uncategorized pages 4539 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Uncategorized pages MediaWiki:Undeletedrevisions 968 sysop 3440 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default $1 revisions restored 4540 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default $1 revisions restored MediaWiki:Uploadcorrupt 969 sysop 3464 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default The file is corrupt or has an incorrect extension. Please check the file and upload again. 4541 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default The file is corrupt or has an incorrect extension. Please check the file and upload again. MediaWiki:Userlevels 970 sysop 3483 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default User levels management 4542 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default User levels management MediaWiki:Userlevels-addgroup 971 sysop 3484 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Add group 4543 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Add group MediaWiki:Userlevels-editgroup 972 sysop 3485 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Edit group 4544 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Edit group MediaWiki:Userlevels-editgroup-description 973 sysop 3486 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Group description (max 255 characters):<br /> 4545 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Group description (max 255 characters):<br /> MediaWiki:Userlevels-editgroup-name 974 sysop 3487 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Group name: 4546 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Group name: MediaWiki:Userlevels-editusergroup 975 sysop 3488 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Edit user groups 4547 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Edit user groups MediaWiki:Userlevels-group-edit 976 sysop 3489 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Existent groups: 4548 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Existent groups: MediaWiki:Userlevels-groupsavailable 977 sysop 3490 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Available groups: 4549 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Available groups: MediaWiki:Userlevels-groupshelp 978 sysop 3491 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Select groups you want the user to be removed from or added to. Unselected groups will not be changed. You can unselect a group by using CTRL + Left Click 4550 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Select groups you want the user to be removed from or added to. Unselected groups will not be changed. You can unselect a group by using CTRL + Left Click MediaWiki:Userlevels-groupsmember 979 sysop 3492 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Member of: 4551 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Member of: MediaWiki:Userlevels-lookup-group 980 sysop 3493 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Manage group rights 4552 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Manage group rights MediaWiki:Userlevels-lookup-user 981 sysop 3494 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Manage user groups 4553 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Manage user groups MediaWiki:Userlevels-user-editname 982 sysop 3495 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Enter a username: 4554 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Enter a username: MediaWiki:Userrightspheading 983 sysop 3498 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default userrights level 4555 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default userrights level MediaWiki:Val article lists 984 sysop 3501 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default List of validated articles 4556 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default List of validated articles MediaWiki:Val clear old 985 sysop 3502 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Clear my other validation data for $1 4557 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Clear my other validation data for $1 5160 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default Clear my older validation data MediaWiki:Val form note 986 sysop 3503 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default <b>Hint:</b> Merging your data means that for the article revision you select, all options where you have specified <i>no opinion</i> will be set to the value and comment of the most recent revision for which you have expressed an opinion. For example, if you want to change a single option for a newer revision, but also keep your other settings for this article in this revision, just select which option you intend to <i>change</i>, and merging will fill in the other options with your previous settings. 4558 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default <b>Hint:</b> Merging your data means that for the article revision you select, all options where you have specified <i>no opinion</i> will be set to the value and comment of the most recent revision for which you have expressed an opinion. For example, if you want to change a single option for a newer revision, but also keep your other settings for this article in this revision, just select which option you intend to <i>change</i>, and merging will fill in the other options with your previous settings. 5164 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default '''Hint:''' Merging your data means that for the article revision you select, all options where you have specified ''no opinion'' will be set to the value and comment of the most recent revision for which you have expressed an opinion. For example, if you want to change a single option for a newer revision, but also keep your other settings for this article in this revision, just select which option you intend to ''change'', and merging will fill in the other options with your previous settings. MediaWiki:Val merge old 987 sysop 3504 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Use my previous assessment where selected 'No opinion' 4559 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Use my previous assessment where selected 'No opinion' MediaWiki:Val no anon validation 988 sysop 3505 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default You have to be logged in to validate an article. 4560 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default You have to be logged in to validate an article. MediaWiki:Val noop 989 sysop 3506 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default No opinion 4561 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default No opinion MediaWiki:Val page validation statistics 990 sysop 3507 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Page validation statistics for $1 4562 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Page validation statistics for $1 MediaWiki:Val percent 991 sysop 3508 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default <b>$1%</b><br />($2 of $3 points<br />by $4 users) 4563 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default <b>$1%</b><br />($2 of $3 points<br />by $4 users) MediaWiki:Val percent single 992 sysop 3509 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default <b>$1%</b><br />($2 of $3 points<br />by one user) 4564 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default <b>$1%</b><br />($2 of $3 points<br />by one user) MediaWiki:Val stat link text 993 sysop 3510 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Validation statistics for this article 4565 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Validation statistics for this article MediaWiki:Val tab 994 sysop 3511 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Validate 4566 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Validate MediaWiki:Val table header 995 sysop 3512 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default <tr><th>Class</th>$1<th colspan=4>Opinion</th>$1<th>Comment</th></tr> 4567 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default <tr><th>Class</th>$1<th colspan=4>Opinion</th>$1<th>Comment</th></tr> 6149 2005-09-05T09:37:08Z MediaWiki default <tr><th>Class</th>$1<th colspan="4">Opinion</th>$1<th>Comment</th></tr>\n 7439 2005-12-22T07:25:05Z MediaWiki default <tr><th>Class</th>$1<th colspan="4">Opinion</th>$1<th>Comment</th></tr> MediaWiki:Val this is current version 996 sysop 3513 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default this is the latest version 4568 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default this is the latest version MediaWiki:Val total 997 sysop 3514 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Total 4569 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Total MediaWiki:Val user validations 998 sysop 3515 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default This user has validated $1 pages. 4570 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default This user has validated $1 pages. MediaWiki:Val validate article namespace only 999 sysop 3516 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Only articles can be validated. This page is <i>not</i> in the article namespace. 4571 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Only articles can be validated. This page is <i>not</i> in the article namespace. MediaWiki:Val validate version 1000 sysop 3517 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Validate this version 4572 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Validate this version MediaWiki:Val validated 1001 sysop 3518 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Validation done. 4573 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Validation done. MediaWiki:Val version 1002 sysop 3519 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Version 4574 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Version MediaWiki:Val version of 1003 sysop 3520 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Version of $1 4575 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Version of $1 MediaWiki:Val view version 1004 sysop 3521 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default View this version 4576 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default View this version 5182 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default View this revision MediaWiki:Validate 1005 sysop 3522 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Validate page 4577 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Validate page MediaWiki:Variantname-zh 1006 sysop 3523 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default zh 4578 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default zh MediaWiki:Variantname-zh-cn 1007 sysop 3524 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default cn 4579 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default cn MediaWiki:Variantname-zh-hk 1008 sysop 3525 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default hk 4580 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default hk MediaWiki:Variantname-zh-sg 1009 sysop 3526 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default sg 4581 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default sg MediaWiki:Variantname-zh-tw 1010 sysop 3527 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default tw 4582 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default tw MediaWiki:Wednesday 1011 sysop 2563 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Wednesday 2564 2005-04-02T17:04:44Z Bombo 12 mokɔlɔ ya m¿is¿ato 2565 2005-04-02T17:05:10Z Bombo 12 mokɔlɔ ya mísáto 4583 2005-04-02T17:05:43Z Bombo 12 mokɔlɔ ya mísáto / mercredi 6418 2005-10-09T16:00:09Z Moyogo 11 mokɔlɔ ya mísáto MediaWiki:Yourlanguage 1012 sysop 3564 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Interface language 4584 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Interface language 5204 2005-07-03T13:06:27Z MediaWiki default Language 6241 2005-09-15T12:43:41Z Bombo 12 Lokótá MediaWiki:Yourvariant 1013 sysop 3571 2004-12-23T04:20:07Z MediaWiki default Language variant 4585 2005-06-25T11:13:15Z MediaWiki default Language variant 5209 2005-07-03T13:06:27Z MediaWiki default Variant Lingála 1014 2167 2005-01-09T16:28:22Z Moyogo 11 '''Lingala''' ezali lokótá na bato na [[Kongo]]. 2181 2005-01-21T08:38:48Z Bombo 12 <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> [[Image:Lingala.jpg|thumb|right|description]] '''Lingala''' ezali lokótá na bato na [[Kongo]]. 2254 2005-01-22T00:49:04Z 80.218.21.70 <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> [[Image:Lingala.jpg|thumb|right|description]] '''Lingala''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kongo]]. 2255 2005-02-07T19:03:33Z 80.218.21.70 <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> [[Image:Lingala.jpg|thumb|right|description]] '''Lingala''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kongo]]. [[Category:Lokota]] 2264 2005-02-07T19:04:53Z 80.218.21.70 <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> [[Image:Lingala.jpg|thumb|right|description]] '''Lingala''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kongo]]. [[Category:Lokótá]] 2291 2005-02-08T17:08:11Z Robbot 14 robot Ajoute:de,nl,en,fr <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> [[Image:Lingala.jpg|thumb|right|description]] '''Lingala''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kongo]]. [[Category:Lokótá]] [[de:Lingala]] [[en:Lingala language]] [[fr:Lingala]] [[nl:Lingala]] 2390 2005-03-05T12:35:38Z Bombo 12 <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> [[Image:Lingala.jpg|thumb|right|description]] '''Lingála''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kongo]]. [[Category:Lokótá]] [[de:Lingala]] [[en:Lingala language]] [[fr:Lingala]] [[nl:Lingala]] 2391 2005-03-09T14:22:57Z Bombo 12 <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> [[Image:Lingala.jpg|thumb|right|description]] '''Lingála''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kongo]]. [[Image:Lingala-pn.jpg|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] [[Category:Lokótá]] [[de:Lingala]] [[en:Lingala language]] [[fr:Lingala]] [[nl:Lingala]] 2421 2005-03-09T14:24:00Z Bombo 12 <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> [[Image:Lingala.jpg|thumb|right|description]] '''Lingála''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kongo]]. [[Image:Lingala-pn.jpg|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] [[Category:Lokótá]] [[de:Lingala]] [[als:Lingala]] [[en:Lingala language]] [[fr:Lingala]] [[nl:Lingala]] 2423 2005-03-13T08:52:16Z Bombo 12 <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> [[Image:Lingala.jpg|thumb|right|description]] [[Image:Lingala-pn.jpg|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] [[Image:Congo-langues.gif|thumb|Description manquante]] '''Lingála''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kongo]]. [[Category:Lokótá]] [[de:Lingala]] [[als:Lingala]] [[en:Lingala language]] [[fr:Lingala]] [[nl:Lingala]] 2424 2005-03-15T23:11:36Z Bombo 12 <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> [[Image:Lingala.jpg|thumb|right|description]] [[Image:Lingala-pn.jpg|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]]]] '''Lingála''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kongo]]. [[Category:Lokótá]] [[de:Lingala]] [[als:Lingala]] [[en:Lingala language]] [[fr:Lingala]] [[nl:Lingala]] 2573 2005-03-15T23:12:13Z Bombo 12 <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> [[Image:Lingala.jpg|thumb|right|description]] [[Image:Lingala-pn.jpg|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Lingála''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kongo]]. [[Category:Lokótá]] [[de:Lingala]] [[als:Lingala]] [[en:Lingala language]] [[fr:Lingala]] [[nl:Lingala]] 2602 2005-04-06T15:11:55Z 66.46.85.162 new image <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|thumb|right|description]] [[Image:Lingala-pn.jpg|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Lingála''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kongo]]. [[Category:Lokótá]] [[de:Lingala]] [[als:Lingala]] [[en:Lingala language]] [[fr:Lingala]] [[nl:Lingala]] 2609 2005-04-30T08:11:29Z Bombo 12 <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|right|description]] [[Image:Lingala-pn.jpg|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Lingála''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kongo]]. [[Category:Lokótá]] [[de:Lingala]] [[als:Lingala]] [[en:Lingala language]] [[fr:Lingala]] [[nl:Lingala]] 2614 2005-04-30T08:41:33Z Bombo 12 <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|right|description]] [[Image:Lingala-pn.jpg|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Lingála''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kongo]]. ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[de:Lingala]] [[als:Lingala]] [[en:Lingala language]] [[fr:Lingala]] [[nl:Lingala]] 2624 2005-04-30T09:58:53Z 80.218.21.70 <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|right|description]] [[Image:Lingala-pn.jpg|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Lingála''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kongo]]. ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[de:Lingala]] [[als:Lingala]] [[en:Lingala language]] [[es:lingala]] [[fr:Lingala]] [[nl:Lingala]] 2625 2005-05-10T08:27:08Z Bombo 12 <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|right|description]] [[Image:Lingala-pn.jpg|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Lingála''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kongo]]. == (liens) == http://www.com-nature.com/phorum/list.php3?f=14 http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=20 ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[de:Lingala]] [[als:Lingala]] [[en:Lingala language]] [[es:lingala]] [[fr:Lingala]] [[nl:Lingala]] 2645 2005-05-10T08:27:46Z Bombo 12 /* (liens) */ <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|right|description]] [[Image:Lingala-pn.jpg|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Lingála''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kongo]]. == (liens) == * http://www.com-nature.com/phorum/list.php3?f=14 * http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=20 ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[de:Lingala]] [[als:Lingala]] [[en:Lingala language]] [[es:lingala]] [[fr:Lingala]] [[nl:Lingala]] 2675 2005-05-11T04:34:12Z Moyogo 11 +{{ndámbo}} <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|right|description]] [[Image:Lingala-pn.jpg|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] {{ndámbo}} '''Lingála''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kongo]]. == (liens) == * http://www.com-nature.com/phorum/list.php3?f=14 * http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=20 ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[de:Lingala]] [[als:Lingala]] [[en:Lingala language]] [[es:lingala]] [[fr:Lingala]] [[nl:Lingala]] 4586 2005-05-25T06:38:34Z Btw 20 fi: <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|right|description]] [[Image:Lingala-pn.jpg|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] {{ndámbo}} '''Lingála''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kongo]]. == (liens) == * http://www.com-nature.com/phorum/list.php3?f=14 * http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=20 ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[de:Lingala]] [[als:Lingala]] [[en:Lingala language]] [[es:lingala]] [[fr:Lingala]] [[nl:Lingala]] [[fi:Lingala]] 5565 2005-07-24T00:15:52Z Themalau 22 <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|right|description]] [[Image:Lingala-pn.jpg|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] {{ndámbo}} '''Lingála''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kongo]]. == (liens) == * http://www.com-nature.com/phorum/list.php3?f=14 * http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=20 ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie {{InterWiki|code:ln}} >> voir come exemple: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[de:Lingala]] [[als:Lingala]] [[en:Lingala language]] [[es:lingala]] [[fr:Lingala]] [[nl:Lingala]] [[fi:Lingala]] 5566 2005-07-24T00:16:45Z Themalau 22 <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|right|description]] [[Image:Lingala-pn.jpg|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] {{ndámbo}} '''Lingála''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kongo]]. == (liens) == * http://www.com-nature.com/phorum/list.php3?f=14 * http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=20 ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie {{InterWiki|code=ln}} >> voir come exemple: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[de:Lingala]] [[als:Lingala]] [[en:Lingala language]] [[es:lingala]] [[fr:Lingala]] [[nl:Lingala]] [[fi:Lingala]] 5757 2005-07-27T15:59:19Z Moyogo 11 +baleli <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|right|description]] [[Image:Lingala-pn.jpg|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] {{ndámbo}} '''Lingála''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kongo]]. === [[Moleli|Baleli]] === {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse;" ! ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na libóso|Libóso]] ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na nsima|Nsima]] |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | |style="font-size: larger;"| i |style="font-size: larger;"| u |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | |style="font-size: larger;"| e |style="font-size: larger;"| o |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | |style="font-size: larger;"| &#603; |style="font-size: larger;"| &#596; |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | |style="font-size: larger;"| a | &nbsp; |} === [[Molelisi|Balelisi]] == (liens) == * http://www.com-nature.com/phorum/list.php3?f=14 * http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=20 ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie {{InterWiki|code=ln}} >> voir come exemple: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[de:Lingala]] [[als:Lingala]] [[en:Lingala language]] [[es:lingala]] [[fr:Lingala]] [[nl:Lingala]] [[fi:Lingala]] 5760 2005-07-28T14:49:25Z Moyogo 11 <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|right|description]] [[Image:Lingala-pn.jpg|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] {{ndámbo}} '''Lingála''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kongo]]. === [[Moleli|Baleli]] === {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse;" ! ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na libóso|Libóso]] ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na nsima|Nsima]] |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | |style="font-size: larger;"| i |style="font-size: larger;"| u |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | |style="font-size: larger;"| e |style="font-size: larger;"| o |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | |style="font-size: larger;"| &#603; |style="font-size: larger;"| &#596; |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | |style="font-size: larger;"| a | &nbsp; |} === [[Molelisi|Balelisi]] === == (liens) == * http://www.com-nature.com/phorum/list.php3?f=14 * http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=20 ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie {{InterWiki|code=ln}} >> voir come exemple: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[de:Lingala]] [[als:Lingala]] [[en:Lingala language]] [[es:lingala]] [[fr:Lingala]] [[nl:Lingala]] [[fi:Lingala]] 5862 2005-07-31T08:27:05Z Moyogo 11 -{{InterWiki|code=ln}} <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|right|description]] [[Image:Lingala-pn.jpg|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] {{ndámbo}} '''Lingála''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kongo]]. === [[Moleli|Baleli]] === {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse;" ! ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na libóso|Libóso]] ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na nsima|Nsima]] |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | |style="font-size: larger;"| i |style="font-size: larger;"| u |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | |style="font-size: larger;"| e |style="font-size: larger;"| o |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | |style="font-size: larger;"| &#603; |style="font-size: larger;"| &#596; |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | |style="font-size: larger;"| a | &nbsp; |} === [[Molelisi|Balelisi]] === == (liens) == * http://www.com-nature.com/phorum/list.php3?f=14 * http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=20 ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[de:Lingala]] [[als:Lingala]] [[en:Lingala language]] [[es:lingala]] [[fr:Lingala]] [[nl:Lingala]] [[fi:Lingala]] 5863 2005-07-31T08:30:39Z Moyogo 11 ndakisa <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|right|description]] [[Image:Lingala-pn.jpg|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] {{ndámbo}} '''Lingála''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] mpé [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. === [[Moleli|Baleli]] === {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse;" ! ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na libóso|Libóso]] ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na nsima|Nsima]] |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | |style="font-size: larger;"| i |style="font-size: larger;"| u |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | |style="font-size: larger;"| e |style="font-size: larger;"| o |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | |style="font-size: larger;"| &#603; |style="font-size: larger;"| &#596; |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | |style="font-size: larger;"| a | &nbsp; |} === [[Molelisi|Balelisi]] === == (liens) == * http://www.com-nature.com/phorum/list.php3?f=14 * http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=20 ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> ndakisa / voir come exemple: [[:en:Lingala_language|Lingala_language]] mpé [[:fr:Lingala|Lingala]] ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[de:Lingala]] [[als:Lingala]] [[en:Lingala language]] [[es:lingala]] [[fr:Lingala]] [[nl:Lingala]] [[fi:Lingala]] 5882 2005-07-31T12:50:03Z Moyogo 11 ortho <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|right|description]] [[Image:Lingala-pn.jpg|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] {{ndámbo}} '''Lingála''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] mpé [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. === [[Moleli|Baleli]] === {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse;" ! ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na libóso|Libóso]] ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na nsima|Nsima]] |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | |style="font-size: larger;"| i |style="font-size: larger;"| u |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | |style="font-size: larger;"| e |style="font-size: larger;"| o |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | |style="font-size: larger;"| &#603; |style="font-size: larger;"| &#596; |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | |style="font-size: larger;"| a | &nbsp; |} === [[Molelisi|Balelisi]] === ==Mankásá o libándá== * [http://www.com-nature.com/phorum/list.php3?f=14] * [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=20] ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> ndakisa / voir come exemple: [[:en:Lingala_language|Lingala_language]] mpé [[:fr:Lingala|Lingala]] ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[de:Lingala]] [[als:Lingala]] [[en:Lingala language]] [[es:lingala]] [[fr:Lingala]] [[nl:Lingala]] [[fi:Lingala]] 5896 2005-07-31T13:09:53Z Moyogo 11 mankásá o libándá <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|right|description]] [[Image:Lingala-pn.jpg|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] {{ndámbo}} '''Lingála''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] mpé [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. === [[Moleli|Baleli]] === {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse;" ! ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na libóso|Libóso]] ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na nsima|Nsima]] |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | |style="font-size: larger;"| i |style="font-size: larger;"| u |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | |style="font-size: larger;"| e |style="font-size: larger;"| o |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | |style="font-size: larger;"| &#603; |style="font-size: larger;"| &#596; |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | |style="font-size: larger;"| a | &nbsp; |} === [[Molelisi|Balelisi]] === ==Mankásá o libándá== * {{fr}} [http://www.com-nature.com/phorum/list.php3?f=14 Archive du Forum Congopage : Le Lingala] * {{fr}} [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=20 Congopage - Forum : Le Lingala] ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> ndakisa / voir come exemple: [[:en:Lingala_language|Lingala_language]] mpé [[:fr:Lingala|Lingala]] ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[de:Lingala]] [[als:Lingala]] [[en:Lingala language]] [[es:lingala]] [[fr:Lingala]] [[nl:Lingala]] [[fi:Lingala]] 6462 2005-10-10T15:41:42Z 160.85.2.50 <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|right|description]] [[Image:Lingala-pn.jpg|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Lingála''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] mpé [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. === [[Moleli|Baleli]] === {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse;" ! ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na libóso|Libóso]] ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na nsima|Nsima]] |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | |style="font-size: larger;"| i |style="font-size: larger;"| u |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | |style="font-size: larger;"| e |style="font-size: larger;"| o |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | |style="font-size: larger;"| &#603; |style="font-size: larger;"| &#596; |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | |style="font-size: larger;"| a | &nbsp; |} === [[Molelisi|Balelisi]] === ==Mankásá o libándá== * {{fr}} [http://www.com-nature.com/phorum/list.php3?f=14 Archive du Forum Congopage : Le Lingala] * {{fr}} [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=20 Congopage - Forum : Le Lingala] ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> ndakisa / voir come exemple: [[:en:Lingala_language|Lingala_language]] mpé [[:fr:Lingala|Lingala]] ---- {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Lokótá]] [[de:Lingala]] [[als:Lingala]] [[en:Lingala language]] [[es:lingala]] [[fr:Lingala]] [[nl:Lingala]] [[fi:Lingala]] 6663 2005-11-04T12:56:19Z 82.134.72.45 /* [[Molelisi|Balelisi]] */ <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|right|description]] [[Image:Lingala-pn.jpg|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Lingála''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] mpé [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. === [[Moleli|Baleli]] === {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse;" ! ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na libóso|Libóso]] ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na nsima|Nsima]] |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | |style="font-size: larger;"| i |style="font-size: larger;"| u |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | |style="font-size: larger;"| e |style="font-size: larger;"| o |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | |style="font-size: larger;"| &#603; |style="font-size: larger;"| &#596; |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | |style="font-size: larger;"| a | &nbsp; |} === [[Molelisi|Balelisi]] === ==Mankásá o libándá== * {{fr}} [http://www.com-nature.com/phorum/list.php3?f=14 Archive du Forum Congopage : Le Lingala] * {{fr}} [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=20 Congopage - Forum : Le Lingala] ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> ndakisa / voir come exemple: [[:en:Lingala_language|Lingala_language]] mpé [[:fr:Lingala|Lingala]] ---- {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Lokótá]] [[de:Lingala]] [[als:Lingala]] [[en:Lingala language]] [[es:lingala]] [[fr:Lingala]] [[nl:Lingala]] [[fi:Lingala]] 7143 2005-12-03T22:38:04Z Moyogo 11 ortho <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|right|description]] [[Image:Lingala-pn.jpg|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Lingála''' ezalí [[lokótá]] ya bato ba [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] mpé ba [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. === [[Moleli|Baleli]] === {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse;" ! ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na libóso|Libóso]] ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na nsima|Nsima]] |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | |style="font-size: larger;"| i |style="font-size: larger;"| u |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | |style="font-size: larger;"| e |style="font-size: larger;"| o |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | |style="font-size: larger;"| &#603; |style="font-size: larger;"| &#596; |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | |style="font-size: larger;"| a | &nbsp; |} === [[Molelisi|Balelisi]] === ==Mankásá o libándá== * {{fr}} [http://www.com-nature.com/phorum/list.php3?f=14 Archive du Forum Congopage : Le Lingala] * {{fr}} [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=20 Congopage - Forum : Le Lingala] ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> ndakisa / voir come exemple: [[:en:Lingala_language|Lingala_language]] mpé [[:fr:Lingala|Lingala]] ---- {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Lokótá]] [[de:Lingala]] [[als:Lingala]] [[en:Lingala language]] [[es:lingala]] [[fr:Lingala]] [[nl:Lingala]] [[fi:Lingala]] 7261 2005-12-07T08:08:13Z 160.85.2.50 cat <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|right|description]] [[Image:Lingala-pn.jpg|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Lingála''' ezalí [[lokótá]] ya bato ba [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] mpé ba [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. === [[Moleli|Baleli]] === {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse;" ! ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na libóso|Libóso]] ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na nsima|Nsima]] |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | |style="font-size: larger;"| i |style="font-size: larger;"| u |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | |style="font-size: larger;"| e |style="font-size: larger;"| o |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | |style="font-size: larger;"| &#603; |style="font-size: larger;"| &#596; |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | |style="font-size: larger;"| a | &nbsp; |} === [[Molelisi|Balelisi]] === ==Mankásá o libándá== * {{fr}} [http://www.com-nature.com/phorum/list.php3?f=14 Archive du Forum Congopage : Le Lingala] * {{fr}} [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=20 Congopage - Forum : Le Lingala] ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> ndakisa / voir come exemple: [[:en:Lingala_language|Lingala_language]] mpé [[:fr:Lingala|Lingala]] ---- {{nk-ndámbo-lokótá}} [[Category:Nkotá ya Babantu]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] [[de:Lingala]] [[als:Lingala]] [[en:Lingala language]] [[es:lingala]] [[fr:Lingala]] [[nl:Lingala]] [[fi:Lingala]] 7373 2005-12-16T22:27:17Z 70.105.53.129 /* Mankásá o libándá */ +iw <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|right|description]] [[Image:Lingala-pn.jpg|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Lingála''' ezalí [[lokótá]] ya bato ba [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] mpé ba [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. === [[Moleli|Baleli]] === {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse;" ! ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na libóso|Libóso]] ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na nsima|Nsima]] |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | |style="font-size: larger;"| i |style="font-size: larger;"| u |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | |style="font-size: larger;"| e |style="font-size: larger;"| o |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | |style="font-size: larger;"| &#603; |style="font-size: larger;"| &#596; |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | |style="font-size: larger;"| a | &nbsp; |} === [[Molelisi|Balelisi]] === ==Mankásá o libándá== * {{fr}} [http://www.com-nature.com/phorum/list.php3?f=14 Archive du Forum Congopage : Le Lingala] * {{fr}} [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=20 Congopage - Forum : Le Lingala] ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> ndakisa / voir come exemple: [[:en:Lingala_language|Lingala_language]] mpé [[:fr:Lingala|Lingala]] ---- {{nk-ndámbo-lokótá}} [[Category:Nkotá ya Babantu]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] [[als:Lingala]] [[am:ሊንጋላ]] [[de:Lingala]] [[en:Lingala]] [[es:Lingala]] [[fr:Lingala]] [[nl:Lingala]] [[fi:Lingala]] 7547 2006-01-07T11:40:29Z Moyogo 11 + Balelisi <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|right|description]] [[Image:Lingala-pn.jpg|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Lingála''' ezalí [[lokótá]] ya bato ba [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] mpé ba [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. === [[Moleli|Baleli]] === {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse;" ! ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na libosó|Libosó]] ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na nsima|Nsima]] |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngámá |style="font-size: larger;"| i |style="font-size: larger;"| u |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngámá mbúka |style="font-size: larger;"| e |style="font-size: larger;"| o |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngólá mbúka |style="font-size: larger;"| &#603; |style="font-size: larger;"| &#596; |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngólá |style="font-size: larger;"| a | &nbsp; |} === [[Molelisi|Balelisi]] === {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse;" |- style="font-size: x-small;vertical-align:top;" ! ! colspan=2 | [[Consonne bilabiale|Bilabial]] ! colspan=2 | [[Consonne labiodentale|Labio-<br/>dental]]] ! colspan=2 | [[Consonne alvéolaire|Alvéolaire]] ! colspan=2 | [[Consonne post-alvéolaire|Post-<br/>alvéolaire]] ! colspan=2 | [[Consonne palatale|Palatal]] ! colspan=2 | [[Consonne vélaire|Vélaire]] |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Etútáná | p || b | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | t || d | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | &nbsp; || &nbsp; | k || ɡ |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Na zɔlɔ | colspan="2" | m | colspan="2" | &nbsp; | colspan="2" | n | colspan="2" | &nbsp; | colspan="2" | ɲ | colspan="2" | ŋ |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Enyíkámá | &nbsp; || &nbsp; | f || v | s || z | ʃ || (ʒ) | &nbsp; || &nbsp; | &nbsp; || &nbsp; |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Ya ndámbo | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | j | colspan=2 | &nbsp; |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Ya mái | colspan=4 style="background:#ccc" | &nbsp; | l || r | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; |- |} ==Mankásá o libándá== * {{fr}} [http://www.com-nature.com/phorum/list.php3?f=14 Archive du Forum Congopage : Le Lingala] * {{fr}} [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=20 Congopage - Forum : Le Lingala] ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> ndakisa / voir come exemple: [[:en:Lingala_language|Lingala_language]] mpé [[:fr:Lingala|Lingala]] ---- {{nk-ndámbo-lokótá}} [[Category:Nkotá ya Babantu]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] [[als:Lingala]] [[am:ሊንጋላ]] [[de:Lingala]] [[en:Lingala]] [[es:Lingala]] [[fr:Lingala]] [[nl:Lingala]] [[fi:Lingala]] 7548 2006-01-07T11:41:21Z Moyogo 11 Mileli, Milelisi <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|right|description]] [[Image:Lingala-pn.jpg|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Lingála''' ezalí [[lokótá]] ya bato ba [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] mpé ba [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. === [[Moleli|Mileli]] === {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse;" ! ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na libosó|Libosó]] ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na nsima|Nsima]] |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngámá |style="font-size: larger;"| i |style="font-size: larger;"| u |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngámá mbúka |style="font-size: larger;"| e |style="font-size: larger;"| o |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngólá mbúka |style="font-size: larger;"| &#603; |style="font-size: larger;"| &#596; |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngólá |style="font-size: larger;"| a | &nbsp; |} === [[Molelisi|Milelisi]] === {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse;" |- style="font-size: x-small;vertical-align:top;" ! ! colspan=2 | [[Consonne bilabiale|Bilabial]] ! colspan=2 | [[Consonne labiodentale|Labio-<br/>dental]]] ! colspan=2 | [[Consonne alvéolaire|Alvéolaire]] ! colspan=2 | [[Consonne post-alvéolaire|Post-<br/>alvéolaire]] ! colspan=2 | [[Consonne palatale|Palatal]] ! colspan=2 | [[Consonne vélaire|Vélaire]] |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Etútáná | p || b | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | t || d | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | &nbsp; || &nbsp; | k || ɡ |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Na zɔlɔ | colspan="2" | m | colspan="2" | &nbsp; | colspan="2" | n | colspan="2" | &nbsp; | colspan="2" | ɲ | colspan="2" | ŋ |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Enyíkámá | &nbsp; || &nbsp; | f || v | s || z | ʃ || (ʒ) | &nbsp; || &nbsp; | &nbsp; || &nbsp; |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Ya ndámbo | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | j | colspan=2 | &nbsp; |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Ya mái | colspan=4 style="background:#ccc" | &nbsp; | l || r | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; |- |} ==Mankásá o libándá== * {{fr}} [http://www.com-nature.com/phorum/list.php3?f=14 Archive du Forum Congopage : Le Lingala] * {{fr}} [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=20 Congopage - Forum : Le Lingala] ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> ndakisa / voir come exemple: [[:en:Lingala_language|Lingala_language]] mpé [[:fr:Lingala|Lingala]] ---- {{nk-ndámbo-lokótá}} [[Category:Nkotá ya Babantu]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] [[als:Lingala]] [[am:ሊንጋላ]] [[de:Lingala]] [[en:Lingala]] [[es:Lingala]] [[fr:Lingala]] [[nl:Lingala]] [[fi:Lingala]] 7549 2006-01-07T11:49:39Z Moyogo 11 <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|right|description]] [[Image:Lingala-pn.jpg|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Lingála''' ezalí [[lokótá]] ya bato ba [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] mpé ba [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. === [[Moleli|Mileli]] === {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse;" ! ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na libosó|Libosó]] ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na nsima|Nsima]] |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngámá |style="font-size: larger;"| i |style="font-size: larger;"| u |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngámá mbúka |style="font-size: larger;"| e |style="font-size: larger;"| o |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngólá mbúka |style="font-size: larger;"| &#603; |style="font-size: larger;"| &#596; |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngólá |style="font-size: larger;"| a | &nbsp; |} === [[Molelisi|Milelisi]] === {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse;" |- style="font-size: x-small;vertical-align:top;" ! ! colspan=2 | Mbébo ! colspan=2 | Mbébo<br/> na mǐno ! colspan=2 | Lolémo<br/> na mǐno ! colspan=2 | Lolémo<br/> na mǐno<br/> o nsima ! colspan=2 | Lolémo<br/> na edáda ! colspan=2 | ''Vélaire'' |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Etútáná | p || b | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | t || d | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | &nbsp; || &nbsp; | k || ɡ |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Na zɔlɔ | colspan="2" | m | colspan="2" | &nbsp; | colspan="2" | n | colspan="2" | &nbsp; | colspan="2" | ɲ | colspan="2" | ŋ |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Enyíkámá | &nbsp; || &nbsp; | f || v | s || z | ʃ || (ʒ) | &nbsp; || &nbsp; | &nbsp; || &nbsp; |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Ya ndámbo | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | j | colspan=2 | &nbsp; |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Ya mái | colspan=4 style="background:#ccc" | &nbsp; | l || r | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; |- |} ==Mankásá o libándá== * {{fr}} [http://www.com-nature.com/phorum/list.php3?f=14 Archive du Forum Congopage : Le Lingala] * {{fr}} [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=20 Congopage - Forum : Le Lingala] ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> ndakisa / voir come exemple: [[:en:Lingala_language|Lingala_language]] mpé [[:fr:Lingala|Lingala]] ---- {{nk-ndámbo-lokótá}} [[Category:Nkotá ya Babantu]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] [[als:Lingala]] [[am:ሊንጋላ]] [[de:Lingala]] [[en:Lingala]] [[es:Lingala]] [[fr:Lingala]] [[nl:Lingala]] [[fi:Lingala]] 7657 2006-02-05T14:31:21Z 81.189.230.89 eo: <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|right|description]] [[Image:Lingala-pn.jpg|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Lingála''' ezalí [[lokótá]] ya bato ba [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] mpé ba [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. === [[Moleli|Mileli]] === {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse;" ! ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na libosó|Libosó]] ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na nsima|Nsima]] |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngámá |style="font-size: larger;"| i |style="font-size: larger;"| u |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngámá mbúka |style="font-size: larger;"| e |style="font-size: larger;"| o |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngólá mbúka |style="font-size: larger;"| &#603; |style="font-size: larger;"| &#596; |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngólá |style="font-size: larger;"| a | &nbsp; |} === [[Molelisi|Milelisi]] === {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse;" |- style="font-size: x-small;vertical-align:top;" ! ! colspan=2 | Mbébo ! colspan=2 | Mbébo<br/> na mǐno ! colspan=2 | Lolémo<br/> na mǐno ! colspan=2 | Lolémo<br/> na mǐno<br/> o nsima ! colspan=2 | Lolémo<br/> na edáda ! colspan=2 | ''Vélaire'' |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Etútáná | p || b | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | t || d | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | &nbsp; || &nbsp; | k || ɡ |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Na zɔlɔ | colspan="2" | m | colspan="2" | &nbsp; | colspan="2" | n | colspan="2" | &nbsp; | colspan="2" | ɲ | colspan="2" | ŋ |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Enyíkámá | &nbsp; || &nbsp; | f || v | s || z | ʃ || (ʒ) | &nbsp; || &nbsp; | &nbsp; || &nbsp; |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Ya ndámbo | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | j | colspan=2 | &nbsp; |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Ya mái | colspan=4 style="background:#ccc" | &nbsp; | l || r | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; |- |} ==Mankásá o libándá== * {{fr}} [http://www.com-nature.com/phorum/list.php3?f=14 Archive du Forum Congopage : Le Lingala] * {{fr}} [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=20 Congopage - Forum : Le Lingala] ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> ndakisa / voir come exemple: [[:en:Lingala_language|Lingala_language]] mpé [[:fr:Lingala|Lingala]] ---- {{nk-ndámbo-lokótá}} [[Category:Nkotá ya Babantu]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] [[als:Lingala]] [[am:ሊንጋላ]] [[de:Lingala]] [[en:Lingala]] [[eo:Lingala]] [[es:Lingala]] [[fr:Lingala]] [[nl:Lingala]] [[fi:Lingala]] 7957 2006-04-05T03:53:30Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: ja, ko, pt Modifie: en <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|right|description]] [[Image:Lingala-pn.jpg|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Lingála''' ezalí [[lokótá]] ya bato ba [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] mpé ba [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. === [[Moleli|Mileli]] === {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse;" ! ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na libosó|Libosó]] ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na nsima|Nsima]] |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngámá |style="font-size: larger;"| i |style="font-size: larger;"| u |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngámá mbúka |style="font-size: larger;"| e |style="font-size: larger;"| o |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngólá mbúka |style="font-size: larger;"| &#603; |style="font-size: larger;"| &#596; |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngólá |style="font-size: larger;"| a | &nbsp; |} === [[Molelisi|Milelisi]] === {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse;" |- style="font-size: x-small;vertical-align:top;" ! ! colspan=2 | Mbébo ! colspan=2 | Mbébo<br/> na mǐno ! colspan=2 | Lolémo<br/> na mǐno ! colspan=2 | Lolémo<br/> na mǐno<br/> o nsima ! colspan=2 | Lolémo<br/> na edáda ! colspan=2 | ''Vélaire'' |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Etútáná | p || b | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | t || d | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | &nbsp; || &nbsp; | k || ɡ |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Na zɔlɔ | colspan="2" | m | colspan="2" | &nbsp; | colspan="2" | n | colspan="2" | &nbsp; | colspan="2" | ɲ | colspan="2" | ŋ |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Enyíkámá | &nbsp; || &nbsp; | f || v | s || z | ʃ || (ʒ) | &nbsp; || &nbsp; | &nbsp; || &nbsp; |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Ya ndámbo | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | j | colspan=2 | &nbsp; |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Ya mái | colspan=4 style="background:#ccc" | &nbsp; | l || r | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; |- |} ==Mankásá o libándá== * {{fr}} [http://www.com-nature.com/phorum/list.php3?f=14 Archive du Forum Congopage : Le Lingala] * {{fr}} [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=20 Congopage - Forum : Le Lingala] ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> ndakisa / voir come exemple: [[:en:Lingala_language|Lingala_language]] mpé [[:fr:Lingala|Lingala]] ---- {{nk-ndámbo-lokótá}} [[Category:Nkotá ya Babantu]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] [[als:Lingala]] [[am:ሊንጋላ]] [[de:Lingala]] [[en:Lingala language]] [[eo:Lingala]] [[es:Lingala]] [[fi:Lingala]] [[fr:Lingala]] [[ja:リンガラ語]] [[ko:링갈라어]] [[nl:Lingala]] [[pt:Lingala]] 8083 2006-05-01T19:04:53Z Bombo 12 kg <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|right|description]] [[Image:Lingala-pn.jpg|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Lingála''' ezalí [[lokótá]] ya bato ba [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] mpé ba [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. === [[Moleli|Mileli]] === {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse;" ! ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na libosó|Libosó]] ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na nsima|Nsima]] |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngámá |style="font-size: larger;"| i |style="font-size: larger;"| u |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngámá mbúka |style="font-size: larger;"| e |style="font-size: larger;"| o |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngólá mbúka |style="font-size: larger;"| &#603; |style="font-size: larger;"| &#596; |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngólá |style="font-size: larger;"| a | &nbsp; |} === [[Molelisi|Milelisi]] === {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse;" |- style="font-size: x-small;vertical-align:top;" ! ! colspan=2 | Mbébo ! colspan=2 | Mbébo<br/> na mǐno ! colspan=2 | Lolémo<br/> na mǐno ! colspan=2 | Lolémo<br/> na mǐno<br/> o nsima ! colspan=2 | Lolémo<br/> na edáda ! colspan=2 | ''Vélaire'' |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Etútáná | p || b | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | t || d | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | &nbsp; || &nbsp; | k || ɡ |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Na zɔlɔ | colspan="2" | m | colspan="2" | &nbsp; | colspan="2" | n | colspan="2" | &nbsp; | colspan="2" | ɲ | colspan="2" | ŋ |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Enyíkámá | &nbsp; || &nbsp; | f || v | s || z | ʃ || (ʒ) | &nbsp; || &nbsp; | &nbsp; || &nbsp; |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Ya ndámbo | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | j | colspan=2 | &nbsp; |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Ya mái | colspan=4 style="background:#ccc" | &nbsp; | l || r | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; |- |} ==Mankásá o libándá== * {{fr}} [http://www.com-nature.com/phorum/list.php3?f=14 Archive du Forum Congopage : Le Lingala] * {{fr}} [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=20 Congopage - Forum : Le Lingala] ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> ndakisa / voir come exemple: [[:en:Lingala_language|Lingala_language]] mpé [[:fr:Lingala|Lingala]] ---- {{nk-ndámbo-lokótá}} [[Category:Nkotá ya Babantu]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] [[als:Lingala]] [[am:ሊንጋላ]] [[de:Lingala]] [[en:Lingala language]] [[eo:Lingala]] [[es:Lingala]] [[fi:Lingala]] [[fr:Lingala]] [[ja:リンガラ語]] [[kg:Lingala]] [[ko:링갈라어]] [[nl:Lingala]] [[pt:Lingala]] 8227 2006-05-24T09:10:14Z Bombo 12 dictionnaires <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|right|description]] [[Image:Lingala-pn.jpg|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Lingála''' ezalí [[lokótá]] ya bato ba [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] mpé ba [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. === [[Moleli|Mileli]] === {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse;" ! ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na libosó|Libosó]] ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na nsima|Nsima]] |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngámá |style="font-size: larger;"| i |style="font-size: larger;"| u |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngámá mbúka |style="font-size: larger;"| e |style="font-size: larger;"| o |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngólá mbúka |style="font-size: larger;"| &#603; |style="font-size: larger;"| &#596; |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngólá |style="font-size: larger;"| a | &nbsp; |} === [[Molelisi|Milelisi]] === {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse;" |- style="font-size: x-small;vertical-align:top;" ! ! colspan=2 | Mbébo ! colspan=2 | Mbébo<br/> na mǐno ! colspan=2 | Lolémo<br/> na mǐno ! colspan=2 | Lolémo<br/> na mǐno<br/> o nsima ! colspan=2 | Lolémo<br/> na edáda ! colspan=2 | ''Vélaire'' |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Etútáná | p || b | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | t || d | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | &nbsp; || &nbsp; | k || ɡ |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Na zɔlɔ | colspan="2" | m | colspan="2" | &nbsp; | colspan="2" | n | colspan="2" | &nbsp; | colspan="2" | ɲ | colspan="2" | ŋ |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Enyíkámá | &nbsp; || &nbsp; | f || v | s || z | ʃ || (ʒ) | &nbsp; || &nbsp; | &nbsp; || &nbsp; |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Ya ndámbo | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | j | colspan=2 | &nbsp; |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Ya mái | colspan=4 style="background:#ccc" | &nbsp; | l || r | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; |- |} ==Mankásá o libándá== * {{fr}} [http://www.com-nature.com/phorum/list.php3?f=14 Archive du Forum Congopage : Le Lingala] * {{fr}} [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=20 Congopage - Forum : Le Lingala] ==Tála mpé== ===Dictionnaires=== *Ashem Tem Kawata: '''Dictionnaire Français-Lingala et Lingala-Français''' / dictionnaire et encyclopédie. Karthala ; broché ; 37,05 € *Edouard Etsio: '''Parlons lingala Tobola lingala - Edition bilingue''' / méthode de langue. Paris: L'Harmattan ; broché ; 18,81 € *A. Dzokanga: '''Dictionnaire sémantique illustré français-lingala''' / dictionnaire et encyclopédie / Coffret volumes 1 et 2. Bisomoko ; 79,66 € *Malcolm Guthrie: '''Lingala Grammar and Dictionary: English-Lingala, Lingala-English'''. Baptist Missionary Society (1988); € 13,95 *Budibunene Ngandu: '''Glossary Of Business Terms: English-lingala, Lingala-english'''. Aglob Pub (2004) $ 14.95 ISBN 1594270341 * Rogerio Goma Mpasi: '''Lingala für Kongo und Republik Kongo Wort für Wort'''. Bielefeld: Reise Know-How Verlag (1992) € 7,90 (lialemani / allemand) * Rogerio Goma Mpasi: '''Aussprache-Trainer Lingala für Kongo-Reisende und Zaire-Reisende''' / 1 Audio-CD. Bielefeld: Reise Know-How Verlag Rump (2005) € 7,90 *René Van Everbroeck: '''Maloba Ma Lokota, Lingala-français / français-lingala'''. Limete (Kinshasa): Éditions L'Epiphanie (1985) ===Nkásá o libándá=== http://info-langues-congo.1sd.org/Bibliographie_lingala Bibliographie beaucoup plus complèt. ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> ndakisa / voir come exemple: [[:en:Lingala_language|Lingala_language]] mpé [[:fr:Lingala|Lingala]] ---- {{nk-ndámbo-lokótá}} [[Category:Nkotá ya Babantu]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] [[als:Lingala]] [[am:ሊንጋላ]] [[de:Lingala]] [[en:Lingala language]] [[eo:Lingala]] [[es:Lingala]] [[fi:Lingala]] [[fr:Lingala]] [[ja:リンガラ語]] [[kg:Lingala]] [[ko:링갈라어]] [[nl:Lingala]] [[pt:Lingala]] 8228 2006-05-24T09:12:45Z Bombo 12 /* Nkásá o libándá */ <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|right|description]] [[Image:Lingala-pn.jpg|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Lingála''' ezalí [[lokótá]] ya bato ba [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] mpé ba [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. === [[Moleli|Mileli]] === {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse;" ! ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na libosó|Libosó]] ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na nsima|Nsima]] |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngámá |style="font-size: larger;"| i |style="font-size: larger;"| u |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngámá mbúka |style="font-size: larger;"| e |style="font-size: larger;"| o |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngólá mbúka |style="font-size: larger;"| &#603; |style="font-size: larger;"| &#596; |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngólá |style="font-size: larger;"| a | &nbsp; |} === [[Molelisi|Milelisi]] === {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse;" |- style="font-size: x-small;vertical-align:top;" ! ! colspan=2 | Mbébo ! colspan=2 | Mbébo<br/> na mǐno ! colspan=2 | Lolémo<br/> na mǐno ! colspan=2 | Lolémo<br/> na mǐno<br/> o nsima ! colspan=2 | Lolémo<br/> na edáda ! colspan=2 | ''Vélaire'' |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Etútáná | p || b | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | t || d | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | &nbsp; || &nbsp; | k || ɡ |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Na zɔlɔ | colspan="2" | m | colspan="2" | &nbsp; | colspan="2" | n | colspan="2" | &nbsp; | colspan="2" | ɲ | colspan="2" | ŋ |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Enyíkámá | &nbsp; || &nbsp; | f || v | s || z | ʃ || (ʒ) | &nbsp; || &nbsp; | &nbsp; || &nbsp; |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Ya ndámbo | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | j | colspan=2 | &nbsp; |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Ya mái | colspan=4 style="background:#ccc" | &nbsp; | l || r | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; |- |} ==Mankásá o libándá== * {{fr}} [http://www.com-nature.com/phorum/list.php3?f=14 Archive du Forum Congopage : Le Lingala] * {{fr}} [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=20 Congopage - Forum : Le Lingala] ==Tála mpé== ===Dictionnaires=== *Ashem Tem Kawata: '''Dictionnaire Français-Lingala et Lingala-Français''' / dictionnaire et encyclopédie. Karthala ; broché ; 37,05 € *Edouard Etsio: '''Parlons lingala Tobola lingala - Edition bilingue''' / méthode de langue. Paris: L'Harmattan ; broché ; 18,81 € *A. Dzokanga: '''Dictionnaire sémantique illustré français-lingala''' / dictionnaire et encyclopédie / Coffret volumes 1 et 2. Bisomoko ; 79,66 € *Malcolm Guthrie: '''Lingala Grammar and Dictionary: English-Lingala, Lingala-English'''. Baptist Missionary Society (1988); € 13,95 *Budibunene Ngandu: '''Glossary Of Business Terms: English-lingala, Lingala-english'''. Aglob Pub (2004) $ 14.95 ISBN 1594270341 * Rogerio Goma Mpasi: '''Lingala für Kongo und Republik Kongo Wort für Wort'''. Bielefeld: Reise Know-How Verlag (1992) € 7,90 (lialemani / allemand) * Rogerio Goma Mpasi: '''Aussprache-Trainer Lingala für Kongo-Reisende und Zaire-Reisende''' / 1 Audio-CD. Bielefeld: Reise Know-How Verlag Rump (2005) € 7,90 *René Van Everbroeck: '''Maloba Ma Lokota, Lingala-français / français-lingala'''. Limete (Kinshasa): Éditions L'Epiphanie (1985) ===Nkásá o libándá=== *http://info-langues-congo.1sd.org/Bibliographie_lingala Bibliographie assez complèt. *{{fr}} http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/biblio.htm Petite Bibliographie comenté. ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> ndakisa / voir come exemple: [[:en:Lingala_language|Lingala_language]] mpé [[:fr:Lingala|Lingala]] ---- {{nk-ndámbo-lokótá}} [[Category:Nkotá ya Babantu]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] [[als:Lingala]] [[am:ሊንጋላ]] [[de:Lingala]] [[en:Lingala language]] [[eo:Lingala]] [[es:Lingala]] [[fi:Lingala]] [[fr:Lingala]] [[ja:リンガラ語]] [[kg:Lingala]] [[ko:링갈라어]] [[nl:Lingala]] [[pt:Lingala]] 8229 2006-05-24T09:13:12Z Bombo 12 /* Nkásá o libándá */ typo <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|right|description]] [[Image:Lingala-pn.jpg|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Lingála''' ezalí [[lokótá]] ya bato ba [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] mpé ba [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. === [[Moleli|Mileli]] === {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse;" ! ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na libosó|Libosó]] ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na nsima|Nsima]] |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngámá |style="font-size: larger;"| i |style="font-size: larger;"| u |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngámá mbúka |style="font-size: larger;"| e |style="font-size: larger;"| o |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngólá mbúka |style="font-size: larger;"| &#603; |style="font-size: larger;"| &#596; |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngólá |style="font-size: larger;"| a | &nbsp; |} === [[Molelisi|Milelisi]] === {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse;" |- style="font-size: x-small;vertical-align:top;" ! ! colspan=2 | Mbébo ! colspan=2 | Mbébo<br/> na mǐno ! colspan=2 | Lolémo<br/> na mǐno ! colspan=2 | Lolémo<br/> na mǐno<br/> o nsima ! colspan=2 | Lolémo<br/> na edáda ! colspan=2 | ''Vélaire'' |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Etútáná | p || b | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | t || d | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | &nbsp; || &nbsp; | k || ɡ |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Na zɔlɔ | colspan="2" | m | colspan="2" | &nbsp; | colspan="2" | n | colspan="2" | &nbsp; | colspan="2" | ɲ | colspan="2" | ŋ |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Enyíkámá | &nbsp; || &nbsp; | f || v | s || z | ʃ || (ʒ) | &nbsp; || &nbsp; | &nbsp; || &nbsp; |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Ya ndámbo | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | j | colspan=2 | &nbsp; |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Ya mái | colspan=4 style="background:#ccc" | &nbsp; | l || r | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; |- |} ==Mankásá o libándá== * {{fr}} [http://www.com-nature.com/phorum/list.php3?f=14 Archive du Forum Congopage : Le Lingala] * {{fr}} [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=20 Congopage - Forum : Le Lingala] ==Tála mpé== ===Dictionnaires=== *Ashem Tem Kawata: '''Dictionnaire Français-Lingala et Lingala-Français''' / dictionnaire et encyclopédie. Karthala ; broché ; 37,05 € *Edouard Etsio: '''Parlons lingala Tobola lingala - Edition bilingue''' / méthode de langue. Paris: L'Harmattan ; broché ; 18,81 € *A. Dzokanga: '''Dictionnaire sémantique illustré français-lingala''' / dictionnaire et encyclopédie / Coffret volumes 1 et 2. Bisomoko ; 79,66 € *Malcolm Guthrie: '''Lingala Grammar and Dictionary: English-Lingala, Lingala-English'''. Baptist Missionary Society (1988); € 13,95 *Budibunene Ngandu: '''Glossary Of Business Terms: English-lingala, Lingala-english'''. Aglob Pub (2004) $ 14.95 ISBN 1594270341 * Rogerio Goma Mpasi: '''Lingala für Kongo und Republik Kongo Wort für Wort'''. Bielefeld: Reise Know-How Verlag (1992) € 7,90 (lialemani / allemand) * Rogerio Goma Mpasi: '''Aussprache-Trainer Lingala für Kongo-Reisende und Zaire-Reisende''' / 1 Audio-CD. Bielefeld: Reise Know-How Verlag Rump (2005) € 7,90 *René Van Everbroeck: '''Maloba Ma Lokota, Lingala-français / français-lingala'''. Limete (Kinshasa): Éditions L'Epiphanie (1985) ===Nkásá o libándá=== *http://info-langues-congo.1sd.org/Bibliographie_lingala Bibliographie assez complète. *{{fr}} http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/biblio.htm Petite Bibliographie comentée. ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> ndakisa / voir come exemple: [[:en:Lingala_language|Lingala_language]] mpé [[:fr:Lingala|Lingala]] ---- {{nk-ndámbo-lokótá}} [[Category:Nkotá ya Babantu]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] [[als:Lingala]] [[am:ሊንጋላ]] [[de:Lingala]] [[en:Lingala language]] [[eo:Lingala]] [[es:Lingala]] [[fi:Lingala]] [[fr:Lingala]] [[ja:リンガラ語]] [[kg:Lingala]] [[ko:링갈라어]] [[nl:Lingala]] [[pt:Lingala]] 8231 2006-05-24T20:46:33Z Moyogo 11 <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|right|description]] [[Image:Lingala-pn.jpg|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Lingála''' ezalí [[lokótá]] ya bato ba [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] mpé ba [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. === [[Moleli|Mileli]] === {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse;" ! ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na libosó|Libosó]] ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na nsima|Nsima]] |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngámá |style="font-size: larger;"| i |style="font-size: larger;"| u |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngámá mbúka |style="font-size: larger;"| e |style="font-size: larger;"| o |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngólá mbúka |style="font-size: larger;"| &#603; |style="font-size: larger;"| &#596; |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngólá |style="font-size: larger;"| a | &nbsp; |} === [[Molelisi|Milelisi]] === {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse;" |- style="font-size: x-small;vertical-align:top;" ! ! colspan=2 | Mbébo ! colspan=2 | Mbébo<br/> na mǐno ! colspan=2 | Lolémo<br/> na mǐno ! colspan=2 | Lolémo<br/> na mǐno<br/> o nsima ! colspan=2 | Lolémo<br/> na edáda ! colspan=2 | ''Vélaire'' |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Etútáná | p || b | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | t || d | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | &nbsp; || &nbsp; | k || ɡ |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Na zɔlɔ | colspan="2" | m | colspan="2" | &nbsp; | colspan="2" | n | colspan="2" | &nbsp; | colspan="2" | ɲ | colspan="2" | ŋ |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Enyíkámá | &nbsp; || &nbsp; | f || v | s || z | ʃ || (ʒ) | &nbsp; || &nbsp; | &nbsp; || &nbsp; |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Ya ndámbo | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | j | colspan=2 | &nbsp; |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Ya mái | colspan=4 style="background:#ccc" | &nbsp; | l || r | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; |- |} ==Tála mpé== ===Dictionnaires=== *Ashem Tem Kawata: '''Dictionnaire Français-Lingala et Lingala-Français''' / dictionnaire et encyclopédie. Karthala ; broché ; 37,05 € *Edouard Etsio: '''Parlons lingala Tobola lingala - Edition bilingue''' / méthode de langue. Paris: L'Harmattan ; broché ; 18,81 € *A. Dzokanga: '''Dictionnaire sémantique illustré français-lingala''' / dictionnaire et encyclopédie / Coffret volumes 1 et 2. Bisomoko ; 79,66 € *Malcolm Guthrie: '''Lingala Grammar and Dictionary: English-Lingala, Lingala-English'''. Baptist Missionary Society (1988); € 13,95 *Budibunene Ngandu: '''Glossary Of Business Terms: English-lingala, Lingala-english'''. Aglob Pub (2004) $ 14.95 ISBN 1594270341 * Rogerio Goma Mpasi: '''Lingala für Kongo und Republik Kongo Wort für Wort'''. Bielefeld: Reise Know-How Verlag (1992) € 7,90 (lialemani / allemand) * Rogerio Goma Mpasi: '''Aussprache-Trainer Lingala für Kongo-Reisende und Zaire-Reisende''' / 1 Audio-CD. Bielefeld: Reise Know-How Verlag Rump (2005) € 7,90 *René Van Everbroeck: '''Maloba Ma Lokota, Lingala-français / français-lingala'''. Limete (Kinshasa): Éditions L'Epiphanie (1985) ===Nkásá o libándá=== * {{fr}} http://info-langues-congo.1sd.org/Bibliographie_lingala Bibliographie assez complète. * {{fr}} http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/biblio.htm Petite Bibliographie comentée. * {{fr}} [http://www.com-nature.com/phorum/list.php3?f=14 Archive du Forum Congopage : Le Lingala] * {{fr}} [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=20 Congopage - Forum : Le Lingala] ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> ndakisa / voir come exemple: [[:en:Lingala_language|Lingala_language]] mpé [[:fr:Lingala|Lingala]] ---- {{nk-ndámbo-lokótá}} [[Category:Nkotá ya Babantu]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] [[als:Lingala]] [[am:ሊንጋላ]] [[de:Lingala]] [[en:Lingala language]] [[eo:Lingala]] [[es:Lingala]] [[fi:Lingala]] [[fr:Lingala]] [[ja:リンガラ語]] [[kg:Lingala]] [[ko:링갈라어]] [[nl:Lingala]] [[pt:Lingala]] 8232 2006-05-24T20:47:26Z Moyogo 11 <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|right|description]] [[Image:Lingala-pn.jpg|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Lingála''' ezalí [[lokótá]] ya bato ba [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] mpé ba [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. === [[Moleli|Mileli]] === {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse;" ! ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na libosó|Libosó]] ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na nsima|Nsima]] |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngámá |style="font-size: larger;"| i |style="font-size: larger;"| u |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngámá mbúka |style="font-size: larger;"| e |style="font-size: larger;"| o |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngólá mbúka |style="font-size: larger;"| &#603; |style="font-size: larger;"| &#596; |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngólá |style="font-size: larger;"| a | &nbsp; |} === [[Molelisi|Milelisi]] === {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse;" |- style="font-size: x-small;vertical-align:top;" ! ! colspan=2 | Mbébo ! colspan=2 | Mbébo<br/> na mǐno ! colspan=2 | Lolémo<br/> na mǐno ! colspan=2 | Lolémo<br/> na mǐno<br/> o nsima ! colspan=2 | Lolémo<br/> na edáda ! colspan=2 | ''Vélaire'' |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Etútáná | p || b | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | t || d | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | &nbsp; || &nbsp; | k || ɡ |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Na zɔlɔ | colspan="2" | m | colspan="2" | &nbsp; | colspan="2" | n | colspan="2" | &nbsp; | colspan="2" | ɲ | colspan="2" | ŋ |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Enyíkámá | &nbsp; || &nbsp; | f || v | s || z | ʃ || (ʒ) | &nbsp; || &nbsp; | &nbsp; || &nbsp; |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Ya ndámbo | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | j | colspan=2 | &nbsp; |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Ya mái | colspan=4 style="background:#ccc" | &nbsp; | l || r | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; |- |} ==Tála mpé== ===Dictionnaires=== *Ashem Tem Kawata: '''Dictionnaire Français-Lingala et Lingala-Français''' / dictionnaire et encyclopédie. Karthala ; broché ; 37,05 € *Edouard Etsio: '''Parlons lingala Tobola lingala - Edition bilingue''' / méthode de langue. Paris: L'Harmattan ; broché ; 18,81 € *A. Dzokanga: '''Dictionnaire sémantique illustré français-lingala''' / dictionnaire et encyclopédie / Coffret volumes 1 et 2. Bisomoko ; 79,66 € *Malcolm Guthrie: '''Lingala Grammar and Dictionary: English-Lingala, Lingala-English'''. Baptist Missionary Society (1988); € 13,95 *Budibunene Ngandu: '''Glossary Of Business Terms: English-lingala, Lingala-english'''. Aglob Pub (2004) $ 14.95 ISBN 1594270341 * Rogerio Goma Mpasi: '''Lingala für Kongo und Republik Kongo Wort für Wort'''. Bielefeld: Reise Know-How Verlag (1992) € 7,90 (lialemani / allemand) * Rogerio Goma Mpasi: '''Aussprache-Trainer Lingala für Kongo-Reisende und Zaire-Reisende''' / 1 Audio-CD. Bielefeld: Reise Know-How Verlag Rump (2005) € 7,90 *René Van Everbroeck: '''Maloba Ma Lokota, Lingala-français / français-lingala'''. Limete (Kinshasa): Éditions L'Epiphanie (1985) ===Nkásá o libándá=== * {{fr}} http://info-langues-congo.1sd.org/Bibliographie_lingala Bibliographie assez complète. * {{fr}} http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/biblio.htm Petite Bibliographie comentée. * {{fr}} [http://www.com-nature.com/phorum/list.php3?f=14 Archive du Forum Congopage : Le Lingala] * {{fr}} [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=20 Congopage - Forum : Le Lingala] {{nk-ndámbo-lokótá}} [[Category:Nkotá ya Babantu]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] [[als:Lingala]] [[am:ሊንጋላ]] [[de:Lingala]] [[en:Lingala language]] [[eo:Lingala]] [[es:Lingala]] [[fi:Lingala]] [[fr:Lingala]] [[ja:リンガラ語]] [[kg:Lingala]] [[ko:링갈라어]] [[nl:Lingala]] [[pt:Lingala]] 8339 2006-06-01T12:44:12Z 85.27.31.174 Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.svg <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|right|description]] [[Image:Lingala-pn.jpg|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.svg|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Lingála''' ezalí [[lokótá]] ya bato ba [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] mpé ba [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. === [[Moleli|Mileli]] === {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse;" ! ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na libosó|Libosó]] ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na nsima|Nsima]] |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngámá |style="font-size: larger;"| i |style="font-size: larger;"| u |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngámá mbúka |style="font-size: larger;"| e |style="font-size: larger;"| o |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngólá mbúka |style="font-size: larger;"| &#603; |style="font-size: larger;"| &#596; |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngólá |style="font-size: larger;"| a | &nbsp; |} === [[Molelisi|Milelisi]] === {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse;" |- style="font-size: x-small;vertical-align:top;" ! ! colspan=2 | Mbébo ! colspan=2 | Mbébo<br/> na mǐno ! colspan=2 | Lolémo<br/> na mǐno ! colspan=2 | Lolémo<br/> na mǐno<br/> o nsima ! colspan=2 | Lolémo<br/> na edáda ! colspan=2 | ''Vélaire'' |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Etútáná | p || b | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | t || d | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | &nbsp; || &nbsp; | k || ɡ |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Na zɔlɔ | colspan="2" | m | colspan="2" | &nbsp; | colspan="2" | n | colspan="2" | &nbsp; | colspan="2" | ɲ | colspan="2" | ŋ |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Enyíkámá | &nbsp; || &nbsp; | f || v | s || z | ʃ || (ʒ) | &nbsp; || &nbsp; | &nbsp; || &nbsp; |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Ya ndámbo | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | j | colspan=2 | &nbsp; |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Ya mái | colspan=4 style="background:#ccc" | &nbsp; | l || r | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; |- |} ==Tála mpé== ===Dictionnaires=== *Ashem Tem Kawata: '''Dictionnaire Français-Lingala et Lingala-Français''' / dictionnaire et encyclopédie. Karthala ; broché ; 37,05 € *Edouard Etsio: '''Parlons lingala Tobola lingala - Edition bilingue''' / méthode de langue. Paris: L'Harmattan ; broché ; 18,81 € *A. Dzokanga: '''Dictionnaire sémantique illustré français-lingala''' / dictionnaire et encyclopédie / Coffret volumes 1 et 2. Bisomoko ; 79,66 € *Malcolm Guthrie: '''Lingala Grammar and Dictionary: English-Lingala, Lingala-English'''. Baptist Missionary Society (1988); € 13,95 *Budibunene Ngandu: '''Glossary Of Business Terms: English-lingala, Lingala-english'''. Aglob Pub (2004) $ 14.95 ISBN 1594270341 * Rogerio Goma Mpasi: '''Lingala für Kongo und Republik Kongo Wort für Wort'''. Bielefeld: Reise Know-How Verlag (1992) € 7,90 (lialemani / allemand) * Rogerio Goma Mpasi: '''Aussprache-Trainer Lingala für Kongo-Reisende und Zaire-Reisende''' / 1 Audio-CD. Bielefeld: Reise Know-How Verlag Rump (2005) € 7,90 *René Van Everbroeck: '''Maloba Ma Lokota, Lingala-français / français-lingala'''. Limete (Kinshasa): Éditions L'Epiphanie (1985) ===Nkásá o libándá=== * {{fr}} http://info-langues-congo.1sd.org/Bibliographie_lingala Bibliographie assez complète. * {{fr}} http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/biblio.htm Petite Bibliographie comentée. * {{fr}} [http://www.com-nature.com/phorum/list.php3?f=14 Archive du Forum Congopage : Le Lingala] * {{fr}} [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=20 Congopage - Forum : Le Lingala] {{nk-ndámbo-lokótá}} [[Category:Nkotá ya Babantu]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] [[als:Lingala]] [[am:ሊንጋላ]] [[de:Lingala]] [[en:Lingala language]] [[eo:Lingala]] [[es:Lingala]] [[fi:Lingala]] [[fr:Lingala]] [[ja:リンガラ語]] [[kg:Lingala]] [[ko:링갈라어]] [[nl:Lingala]] [[pt:Lingala]] 8341 2006-06-01T14:25:42Z 160.85.2.50 link Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ; <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|right|description]] [[Image:Lingala-pn.jpg|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.svg|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Lingála''' ezalí [[lokótá]] ya bato ba [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] mpé ba [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. === [[Moleli|Mileli]] === {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse;" ! ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na libosó|Libosó]] ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na nsima|Nsima]] |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngámá |style="font-size: larger;"| i |style="font-size: larger;"| u |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngámá mbúka |style="font-size: larger;"| e |style="font-size: larger;"| o |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngólá mbúka |style="font-size: larger;"| &#603; |style="font-size: larger;"| &#596; |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngólá |style="font-size: larger;"| a | &nbsp; |} === [[Molelisi|Milelisi]] === {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse;" |- style="font-size: x-small;vertical-align:top;" ! ! colspan=2 | Mbébo ! colspan=2 | Mbébo<br/> na mǐno ! colspan=2 | Lolémo<br/> na mǐno ! colspan=2 | Lolémo<br/> na mǐno<br/> o nsima ! colspan=2 | Lolémo<br/> na edáda ! colspan=2 | ''Vélaire'' |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Etútáná | p || b | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | t || d | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | &nbsp; || &nbsp; | k || ɡ |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Na zɔlɔ | colspan="2" | m | colspan="2" | &nbsp; | colspan="2" | n | colspan="2" | &nbsp; | colspan="2" | ɲ | colspan="2" | ŋ |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Enyíkámá | &nbsp; || &nbsp; | f || v | s || z | ʃ || (ʒ) | &nbsp; || &nbsp; | &nbsp; || &nbsp; |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Ya ndámbo | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | j | colspan=2 | &nbsp; |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Ya mái | colspan=4 style="background:#ccc" | &nbsp; | l || r | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; |- |} ==Tála mpé== ===Dictionnaires=== *Ashem Tem Kawata: '''Dictionnaire Français-Lingala et Lingala-Français''' / dictionnaire et encyclopédie. Karthala ; broché ; 37,05 € *Edouard Etsio: '''Parlons lingala Tobola lingala - Edition bilingue''' / méthode de langue. Paris: L'Harmattan ; broché ; 18,81 € *A. Dzokanga: '''Dictionnaire sémantique illustré français-lingala''' / dictionnaire et encyclopédie / Coffret volumes 1 et 2. Bisomoko ; 79,66 € *Malcolm Guthrie: '''Lingala Grammar and Dictionary: English-Lingala, Lingala-English'''. Baptist Missionary Society (1988); € 13,95 *Budibunene Ngandu: '''Glossary Of Business Terms: English-lingala, Lingala-english'''. Aglob Pub (2004) $ 14.95 ISBN 1594270341 * Rogerio Goma Mpasi: '''Lingala für Kongo und Republik Kongo Wort für Wort'''. Bielefeld: Reise Know-How Verlag (1992) € 7,90 (lialemani / allemand) * Rogerio Goma Mpasi: '''Aussprache-Trainer Lingala für Kongo-Reisende und Zaire-Reisende''' / 1 Audio-CD. Bielefeld: Reise Know-How Verlag Rump (2005) € 7,90 *René Van Everbroeck: '''Maloba Ma Lokota, Lingala-français / français-lingala'''. Limete (Kinshasa): Éditions L'Epiphanie (1985) ===Nkásá o libándá=== * {{fr}} http://info-langues-congo.1sd.org/Bibliographie_lingala Bibliographie assez complète. * {{fr}} http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/biblio.htm Petite Bibliographie comentée. * {{fr}} [http://www.com-nature.com/phorum/list.php3?f=14 Archive du Forum Congopage : Le Lingala] * {{fr}} [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=20 Congopage - Forum : Le Lingala] {{nk-ndámbo-lokótá}} [[Category:Nkotá ya Babantu]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] [[als:Lingala]] [[am:ሊንጋላ]] [[de:Lingala]] [[en:Lingala language]] [[eo:Lingala]] [[es:Lingala]] [[fi:Lingala]] [[fr:Lingala]] [[ja:リンガラ語]] [[kg:Lingala]] [[ko:링갈라어]] [[nl:Lingala]] [[pt:Lingala]] 8882 2006-07-13T13:20:41Z Moyogo 11 <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|right|description]] [[Image:Lingala-pn.jpg|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.svg|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Lingála''' ezalí [[lokótá]] ya bato ba [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] mpé ba [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. === [[Moleli|Mileli]] === {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse;" ! ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na libosó|Libosó]] ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na nsima|Nsima]] |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngámá |style="font-size: larger;"| i |style="font-size: larger;"| u |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngámá mbúka |style="font-size: larger;"| e |style="font-size: larger;"| o |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngólá mbúka |style="font-size: larger;"| &#603; |style="font-size: larger;"| &#596; |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngólá |style="font-size: larger;"| a | &nbsp; |} === [[Molelisi|Milelisi]] === {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse;" |- style="font-size: x-small;vertical-align:top;" ! ! colspan=2 | Mbébo ! colspan=2 | Mbébo<br/> na mǐno ! colspan=2 | Lolémo<br/> na mǐno ! colspan=2 | Lolémo<br/> na mǐno<br/> o nsima ! colspan=2 | Lolémo<br/> na edáda ! colspan=2 | ''Vélaire'' |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Etútáná | p || b | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | t || d | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | &nbsp; || &nbsp; | k || ɡ |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Na zɔlɔ | colspan="2" | m | colspan="2" | &nbsp; | colspan="2" | n | colspan="2" | &nbsp; | colspan="2" | ɲ | colspan="2" | ŋ |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Enyíkámá | &nbsp; || &nbsp; | f || v | s || z | ʃ || (ʒ) | &nbsp; || &nbsp; | &nbsp; || &nbsp; |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Ya ndámbo | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | j | colspan=2 | &nbsp; |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Ya mái | colspan=4 style="background:#ccc" | &nbsp; | l || r | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; |- |} ==Tála mpé== ===Dictionnaires=== *Ashem Tem Kawata: '''Dictionnaire Français-Lingala et Lingala-Français''' / dictionnaire et encyclopédie. Karthala ; broché ; 37,05 € *Edouard Etsio: '''Parlons lingala Tobola lingala - Edition bilingue''' / méthode de langue. Paris: L'Harmattan ; broché ; 18,81 € *A. Dzokanga: '''Dictionnaire sémantique illustré français-lingala''' / dictionnaire et encyclopédie / Coffret volumes 1 et 2. Bisomoko ; 79,66 € *Malcolm Guthrie: '''Lingala Grammar and Dictionary: English-Lingala, Lingala-English'''. Baptist Missionary Society (1988); € 13,95 *Budibunene Ngandu: '''Glossary Of Business Terms: English-lingala, Lingala-english'''. Aglob Pub (2004) $ 14.95 ISBN 1594270341 * Rogerio Goma Mpasi: '''Lingala für Kongo und Republik Kongo Wort für Wort'''. Bielefeld: Reise Know-How Verlag (1992) € 7,90 (lialemani / allemand) * Rogerio Goma Mpasi: '''Aussprache-Trainer Lingala für Kongo-Reisende und Zaire-Reisende''' / 1 Audio-CD. Bielefeld: Reise Know-How Verlag Rump (2005) € 7,90 *René Van Everbroeck: '''Maloba Ma Lokota, Lingala-français / français-lingala'''. Limete (Kinshasa): Éditions L'Epiphanie (1985) ===Nkásá o libándá=== * {{fr}} http://info-langues-congo.1sd.org/Bibliographie_lingala Bibliographie assez complète. * {{fr}} http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/biblio.htm Petite Bibliographie comentée. * {{fr}} [http://www.com-nature.com/phorum/list.php3?f=14 Archive du Forum Congopage : Le Lingala] * {{fr}} [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=20 Congopage - Forum : Le Lingala] {{nk-ndámbo-lokótá}} [[Category:Nkotá ya Babantu]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] [[als:Lingala]] [[am:ሊንጋላ]] [[de:Lingala]] [[en:Lingala language]] [[eo:Lingala]] [[es:Lingala]] [[fi:Lingala]] [[fr:Lingala]] [[ja:リンガラ語]] [[kg:Lingala]] [[ko:링갈라어]] [[nl:Lingala]] [[pt:Lingala]] 9048 2006-08-02T06:25:13Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: [[sv:Lingala]] Modifie: [[es:Idioma lingala]], [[kg:Kingala]] <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|right|description]] [[Image:Lingala-pn.jpg|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.svg|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Lingála''' ezalí [[lokótá]] ya bato ba [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] mpé ba [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. === [[Moleli|Mileli]] === {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse;" ! ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na libosó|Libosó]] ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na nsima|Nsima]] |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngámá |style="font-size: larger;"| i |style="font-size: larger;"| u |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngámá mbúka |style="font-size: larger;"| e |style="font-size: larger;"| o |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngólá mbúka |style="font-size: larger;"| &#603; |style="font-size: larger;"| &#596; |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngólá |style="font-size: larger;"| a | &nbsp; |} === [[Molelisi|Milelisi]] === {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse;" |- style="font-size: x-small;vertical-align:top;" ! ! colspan=2 | Mbébo ! colspan=2 | Mbébo<br/> na mǐno ! colspan=2 | Lolémo<br/> na mǐno ! colspan=2 | Lolémo<br/> na mǐno<br/> o nsima ! colspan=2 | Lolémo<br/> na edáda ! colspan=2 | ''Vélaire'' |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Etútáná | p || b | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | t || d | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | &nbsp; || &nbsp; | k || ɡ |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Na zɔlɔ | colspan="2" | m | colspan="2" | &nbsp; | colspan="2" | n | colspan="2" | &nbsp; | colspan="2" | ɲ | colspan="2" | ŋ |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Enyíkámá | &nbsp; || &nbsp; | f || v | s || z | ʃ || (ʒ) | &nbsp; || &nbsp; | &nbsp; || &nbsp; |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Ya ndámbo | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | j | colspan=2 | &nbsp; |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Ya mái | colspan=4 style="background:#ccc" | &nbsp; | l || r | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; |- |} ==Tála mpé== ===Dictionnaires=== *Ashem Tem Kawata: '''Dictionnaire Français-Lingala et Lingala-Français''' / dictionnaire et encyclopédie. Karthala ; broché ; 37,05 € *Edouard Etsio: '''Parlons lingala Tobola lingala - Edition bilingue''' / méthode de langue. Paris: L'Harmattan ; broché ; 18,81 € *A. Dzokanga: '''Dictionnaire sémantique illustré français-lingala''' / dictionnaire et encyclopédie / Coffret volumes 1 et 2. Bisomoko ; 79,66 € *Malcolm Guthrie: '''Lingala Grammar and Dictionary: English-Lingala, Lingala-English'''. Baptist Missionary Society (1988); € 13,95 *Budibunene Ngandu: '''Glossary Of Business Terms: English-lingala, Lingala-english'''. Aglob Pub (2004) $ 14.95 ISBN 1594270341 * Rogerio Goma Mpasi: '''Lingala für Kongo und Republik Kongo Wort für Wort'''. Bielefeld: Reise Know-How Verlag (1992) € 7,90 (lialemani / allemand) * Rogerio Goma Mpasi: '''Aussprache-Trainer Lingala für Kongo-Reisende und Zaire-Reisende''' / 1 Audio-CD. Bielefeld: Reise Know-How Verlag Rump (2005) € 7,90 *René Van Everbroeck: '''Maloba Ma Lokota, Lingala-français / français-lingala'''. Limete (Kinshasa): Éditions L'Epiphanie (1985) ===Nkásá o libándá=== * {{fr}} http://info-langues-congo.1sd.org/Bibliographie_lingala Bibliographie assez complète. * {{fr}} http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/biblio.htm Petite Bibliographie comentée. * {{fr}} [http://www.com-nature.com/phorum/list.php3?f=14 Archive du Forum Congopage : Le Lingala] * {{fr}} [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=20 Congopage - Forum : Le Lingala] {{nk-ndámbo-lokótá}} [[Category:Nkotá ya Babantu]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] [[als:Lingala]] [[am:ሊንጋላ]] [[de:Lingala]] [[en:Lingala language]] [[eo:Lingala]] [[es:Idioma lingala]] [[fi:Lingala]] [[fr:Lingala]] [[ja:リンガラ語]] [[kg:Kingala]] [[ko:링갈라어]] [[nl:Lingala]] [[pt:Lingala]] [[sv:Lingala]] 10015 2006-12-20T04:24:58Z 200.122.142.4 Add description to language map. <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|right|description]] [[Image:Lingala-pn.jpg|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue]] [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.svg|thumb|Carte ya likota ya Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ.]] '''Lingála''' ezalí [[lokótá]] ya bato ba [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] mpé ba [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. === [[Moleli|Mileli]] === {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse;" ! ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na libosó|Libosó]] ! style="font-size: x-small;" | [[Moleli na nsima|Nsima]] |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngámá |style="font-size: larger;"| i |style="font-size: larger;"| u |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngámá mbúka |style="font-size: larger;"| e |style="font-size: larger;"| o |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngólá mbúka |style="font-size: larger;"| &#603; |style="font-size: larger;"| &#596; |- ! style="text-align: right;font-size: x-small;" | Efúngólá |style="font-size: larger;"| a | &nbsp; |} === [[Molelisi|Milelisi]] === {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse;" |- style="font-size: x-small;vertical-align:top;" ! ! colspan=2 | Mbébo ! colspan=2 | Mbébo<br/> na mǐno ! colspan=2 | Lolémo<br/> na mǐno ! colspan=2 | Lolémo<br/> na mǐno<br/> o nsima ! colspan=2 | Lolémo<br/> na edáda ! colspan=2 | ''Vélaire'' |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Etútáná | p || b | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | t || d | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | &nbsp; || &nbsp; | k || ɡ |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Na zɔlɔ | colspan="2" | m | colspan="2" | &nbsp; | colspan="2" | n | colspan="2" | &nbsp; | colspan="2" | ɲ | colspan="2" | ŋ |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Enyíkámá | &nbsp; || &nbsp; | f || v | s || z | ʃ || (ʒ) | &nbsp; || &nbsp; | &nbsp; || &nbsp; |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Ya ndámbo | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | j | colspan=2 | &nbsp; |- ! style="font-size:x-small" | Ya mái | colspan=4 style="background:#ccc" | &nbsp; | l || r | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; | colspan=2 | &nbsp; |- |} ==Tála mpé== ===Dictionnaires=== *Ashem Tem Kawata: '''Dictionnaire Français-Lingala et Lingala-Français''' / dictionnaire et encyclopédie. Karthala ; broché ; 37,05 € *Edouard Etsio: '''Parlons lingala Tobola lingala - Edition bilingue''' / méthode de langue. Paris: L'Harmattan ; broché ; 18,81 € *A. Dzokanga: '''Dictionnaire sémantique illustré français-lingala''' / dictionnaire et encyclopédie / Coffret volumes 1 et 2. Bisomoko ; 79,66 € *Malcolm Guthrie: '''Lingala Grammar and Dictionary: English-Lingala, Lingala-English'''. Baptist Missionary Society (1988); € 13,95 *Budibunene Ngandu: '''Glossary Of Business Terms: English-lingala, Lingala-english'''. Aglob Pub (2004) $ 14.95 ISBN 1594270341 * Rogerio Goma Mpasi: '''Lingala für Kongo und Republik Kongo Wort für Wort'''. Bielefeld: Reise Know-How Verlag (1992) € 7,90 (lialemani / allemand) * Rogerio Goma Mpasi: '''Aussprache-Trainer Lingala für Kongo-Reisende und Zaire-Reisende''' / 1 Audio-CD. Bielefeld: Reise Know-How Verlag Rump (2005) € 7,90 *René Van Everbroeck: '''Maloba Ma Lokota, Lingala-français / français-lingala'''. Limete (Kinshasa): Éditions L'Epiphanie (1985) ===Nkásá o libándá=== * {{fr}} http://info-langues-congo.1sd.org/Bibliographie_lingala Bibliographie assez complète. * {{fr}} http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/biblio.htm Petite Bibliographie comentée. * {{fr}} [http://www.com-nature.com/phorum/list.php3?f=14 Archive du Forum Congopage : Le Lingala] * {{fr}} [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=20 Congopage - Forum : Le Lingala] {{nk-ndámbo-lokótá}} [[Category:Nkotá ya Babantu]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] [[als:Lingala]] [[am:ሊንጋላ]] [[de:Lingala]] [[en:Lingala language]] [[eo:Lingala]] [[es:Idioma lingala]] [[fi:Lingala]] [[fr:Lingala]] [[ja:リンガラ語]] [[kg:Kingala]] [[ko:링갈라어]] [[nl:Lingala]] [[pt:Lingala]] [[sv:Lingala]] Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto 1015 2449 2005-01-20T15:15:09Z 195.65.169.21 '''Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto''' Maloba ya yambo Na botalaka ‘te kondima limemya ya bato nyonso ya molongo pe makoki ma bango oyo ezali ndenge moko pe bakoki kopimela moto te ezali tina ya bonsomi, bosembo pe kimpa kati ya molongo.Na botalaka ‘te komona pamba pe koboya kotosa esengeli ya moto ebatelama na bokonzi ya bosembo po te, na sima yango, moto akoma na botombiki esongo na minyokoli te, Na botalaka ‘te esengeli kolendisa boyokani na kati ya bikolo, Na botalaka ‘te na kati ya Mokanda ya Mibeko ya Lisanga ya Bikolo ya Molongo, bato ya molongo bayebisi lisusu lolenge bandimi maloki ya tina yo moto, limemya pe lokumu ya moto, bokokani ya makoki ya basi pe mibali pe na botalaka ‘te bango bayebisi ‘te bazwi mokano ya kobongisa ezaleli ya moto pe kosala ‘te moto azwa bomoi malamu penza na kati ya bonsomi ya monene penza, Na botalaka ‘te kozala bato nyonso na makanisi ndenge moko po na makoki pe bonsomi yango, ezali na tina monene po ‘te oyo bakani elonga, LIKITA MONENE ezali koyebisa LISAKOLI YA MOLONGO OYO YA MAKOKI YA MOTO lokola eloko oyo bato pe bikolo nyonso balingi babwa, po te bato pe mangomba nyonso, na bobatelaka tango nyonso Lisakoli yango na moteme, basala makasi na boteyi pe bokolisi bwanya, po ‘te makoki pe bonsomi yango etosama pe basala ‘te bandima pe basalela yango na bosolo penza na molongo mobimba, ezala na kati ya bato ya Bikolo ya Lisanga bango moko to na kati ya ekolo pe molongo mobimba. ETENI YA yambo (1) Bato nyonso na mbotama bazali nzomi pe bakokani na limemya pe makoki. Bazali na mayele pe base, geli kofanda na bondeko okati na bango. ETENI YA 2 Moto nyonso azali na makoki pe bonsomi nyonso oyo elimbolami na kati ya Lisakoli oyo, bokeseni ata moke te, na mambi matali loposo ya nzoto, bomwasi to bobali, lokota, lingomba ya nzambe, makanisi ya politiki to ya ndenge mosusu, ekolo to longomba ya bato, bokulaka, mbotama to makambo mosusu. Epai mosusu, na botalaka eloko ya moto, epikisami kosala bokeseni na mambi matali mibeko ya politiki, mibeko ya bosambisi to ya boyokani na mikili mosusu, ezala ekolo to mabele ya nsomi to oyo eyangelemani na bauta, to oyo ezwi bonsomi ya sikisiki te. ETENI YA 3 Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kozala na bomoi, a kozala somi pe kozala motema sei na bomoto na ye. ETENI YA 4 Moto ata moke te asengeli kozala moumbu; boumbu pe boteki baumbu epikisami na ndenge nyonso. ETENI YA 5 Moto ata moke te asengeli konyokama pe kosalelama makambo ya bonyama pe oyo ezanga bomoto na lokumu. ETENI YA 6 Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te bayeba makoki na ye bipai nyonso. ETENI YA 7 Bato nyonso bakokani liboso ya mobeko pe bazali na likoki ya kobatelama na mobeko se ndenge moko. Banso bazali na likoki ya kobatelama se ndenge moko esongo na bikela nyonso ya bokesenisi elongobani te na Lisakoli oyo pe esengo na bikela nyonso oyo ekobota bokesenisi yango. ETENI YA 8 Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya koluka lisalisi ya solo penza na liboso ya mangomba ya bosambisi ya ekolo oyo ezali na bwanya esongo na bikela oyo ekotangola maloki ya tina endimami na mibeko po na ye. ETENI YA 9 Moto moko te akoki kokangama to kobengisama tina te. ETENI YA 10 Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te likambo na ye lokola ya bato nyonso, essambisama na bosembo pe na miso ya bato nyonso na esambiselo ya somi pe ya epai moko te, oyo ekozwa mikano engebene na makoki pe masenginia ye to engebene na bosolo ya likambo ye afundami. ETENI YA 11 Moto nyonso oyo afundami na likambo azali naino maboko pembe tee tango bakotatola engebene na mobeko, mabe ye asali, na libanza oyo ekosalama na miso ya bato nyonso, epai wapi manso esengeli kosalama po te mofundami azwa na ye. Moto ata moko te asengeli kozwa etumbu po na makambo to botiki oyo, tango esalamaki, ezalikaki naino mbeba te, engebene na mibeko ya ekolo to ya molongo. So lolenge yango, bakoki te kopesa moto etumbu koleka oyo ezalaka kopesama na tango likambo esalamaki. ETENI YA 12 Moto ata moko te akoki kokota pamba na makambo etali ezaleli, libota, ndako pe mikanda ya ngana to pe kobebisa lokumu na ye. Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kobatelama na mobeko esongo na bikota-kota yango. ETENI YA 13 Moto nyonso azali na makoki ya kotambola ndenge alingi pe kopona esika ya kovanda kati ya ekolo. Moto nyonso azali na makoki ya kotika ekolo nyonso ata ya ye moko po na kokenda na ekolo mosusu; ye akoki pe kozonga na ekolo na ye. ETENI YA 14 Na liboso ya monyokoli, moto nyonso azali na likoki ya koluka pe kozwa esika ya kobomba nzoto na bikolo mosusu. Likoki yango likopesama te na moto afundami na likambo ya makasi to na bikela oyo elongombani te na mibeko ya Linsaga ya Bikolo ya Molongo. ETENI YA 15 Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya koyebana mosi-ekolo. Bakoki te kopimela moto likoki ya kozala mosi-ekolo to ya kokoma moto ya ekolo mosusu. ETENI YA 16 Soki mobu ya kobalana ekoki, mobali pe mwasi bakoki kokwelana pe kotonga libota pe masimbisi ezala te na makambo etali loposo, ekolo to longomba ya nzambe. Bango bazali na makoki se ndenge moko na makambo etali makwela, ezala tango ya makwela to tango ya bokabwani. Libala ekoki kosalama se soki mwasi na mobali bango mei bandimi na motema moko. Libala ezali longomba ya tina po na bato pe ezali na likoki ya kobatelama na bato pe Leta. ETENI YA 17 Moto nyonso azala ye moko to na kati ya lisanga, azali na likoki ya mokolo-ekolo. Bakoki ata moke te kopimela to kobotola moto eloko na ye soki tina ezali te. ETENI YA 18 Moto nyonso azali na likoki, ya kozala na makanisi na ye, mayele na ye ya motema pe lingomba na ye ya nzambe; likoki yango ekopesa ye ndingisa ya kopona lingomba ya nzambe to kobongola makanisi na ye, ye moko to elongo na baninga, ezala na miso ya bato ya mei; na boteyi, na bikela, na bokumisi nzambe pe milulu. ETENI YA 19 Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya bokanisi pe bolobi; yango ekopesa ye ndingisa ya kozala na bomo na motema te likolo ya makanisi na ye ndingisa ya koluka, kozwa pe kopanza mayebisi na makanisi esika na esika, na ndenge alingi koyebisa yango. ETENI YA 20 Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kozala na likita pe lingomba oyo ezali na kinya. Ekoki te kosengama na makasi te moto akota na lingomba. ETENI YA 21 Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kotia maboko na bokambi misala ya ekolo na ye ezala ye moko to na batoma ye moko aponi. Moto nyonso azali na likoki, lokola baninga nyonso ya kosala misala ya Leta. Bolingi yango esengeli komonana na maponi ya sembo oyo esengeli kosalama mbala na mbala, na liponeli ya bato nyonso pe na boponi ya Lingomba to na ndenge mosusu ekokani na yango pe ekosala ‘te bato bapona na bonsomi nyonso. ETENI YA 22 Moto nyonso, lokola azali moko ya lingomba, azali na likoki ya kozwa lisalisi ya esalelo-lisungi, oyo ezali na ndingisa ya kopesa moto makoki ya ye ya mosolo, ya bomoi pe ezaleli, po na lokumu pe bokoli malamu ya bomoto na ye, na lisalisi ya bokasi ya ekolo pe ya boyokani ya mikili na mikili, engebene na mwango pe bokulaka ya ekolo na ekolo. ETENI YA 23 Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kozwa mosala, ya kopona mosala ye alingi, na ndenge ya sembo elongobani na mosala, pe basengeli kobatela ya esongo na bosomele. Bato nyonso bazali na likoki, bokeseni ata te, ya kozwa lifuta ekokani po na mosala ekokani. Moto nyonso akosala, azali na likoki ya kozwa lifuta ya sembo pe elongobani, oyo ekosala te ye na libota na ye bazwa bomoi elongobani na lokumu ya moto, pe ekoki kobongisama lisusu na ndenge nyonso ya bobateli bomoi. Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kokela basendika elongo na baninga pe kokota na basendika po na kokengela maloki na ye. ETENI YA 24 Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya bopemisi pe bopemisi nzoto, mingi ya bozwui eleko ya sembo ya boumeli na mosala pe na bozwi lifuta na bakonzi ya mbala na mbala. ETENI YA 25 Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kobikela na ndenge elongobani po ‘te azwa bokolongonu, bozala malamu ya ye pe ya libota na ye epusi na makambo etali kolia, kolata, kovanda, kosalisa nzoto pe kosungama na ndenge esengeli; ye azali na likoki ya kosalisama na tango ya bosemele, bokono, bosele, bozenge, bobange to na tango mosusu ye akozanga mosolo ya kobikela na sima ya makambo esalami na bolinga na ye te. Bomama pe bomwana ezali na likoki ya kosungama na ndenge elongobani. Mwana nyonso abotama kati ya makwela to na libanda asengeli kobatelama to ndenge moko. ETENI YA 26 Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya bokolisi bwanya pe mayele. Mateya esengeli kopesama pamba, mosolo te, ata na bakelasi ya mabandela. Mateya ya mabandela esengeni kopesama na moto nyonso. Mateya ya tekiniki pe ya mosala esengeli kopesama bipai nyonso; eposa ya kozwa mateya ya kelasi ya minene esengeli kopesama na bato nyonso, se ndenge moko, engebene na mayele na bango. Bokolisi bwanya pe mayele esengeli kosala te moto akola na ndenge nyonso pe atosa malamu penza makoki pe bonsomi ya tina na moto. Yango esengeli komema boyokani, boboto, bolingo kati ya bikolo pe mangomba ya bato oyo loposo pe boyambi ekeseni; yango pe esengeli kobongisa misala ya Lisanga ya Bikolo ya Molongo po na bobateli kimya. Baboti bazali na likoki ya yambo, ya boponi ndenge ya mateya esengeli kopesama na bana na bango. ETENI YA 27 Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kotia maboko ndenge alingi na misala ya bokolisi bwanyaya lingomba, kopesela na nkoti, pe kotia maboko na botomboli zebi pe bolamu ya yango. Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te matomba ya misala ya ye ya zebi, ya bokomi pe ya nkoti ebatelama. ETENI YA 28 Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te kati ya bato pe bikolo, nyonso ebonga po te makoki pe bonsomi oyo ekomami kati ya Lisakoli oyo elonga. ETENI YA 29 Moto azali na mikumba epai ya lingomba oyo ekopesa ye eposa ya bokolisi bomoto na ye na ndenge elongobani. Moto nyonso, na botalaka makoki pe bonsomi na ye, asengeli kosala se mikumba oyo eyebani na mobeko se po ‘te bayeba pe bakumisa maloki pe bonsomi ya baninga, pe po na kotosa mibeko ya sembo ya ezalela kinya ya bato pe bozali malamu kati ya lingomba ya boyangeli lisanga. Makoki pe bonsomi yango ekoki, ata moke te, kozala esongo na masengi ya Lisanga ya Bikolo ya Molongo. ETENI YA 30 Mobeko ata moko te ya Lisanga oyo ekoki kozala po na Leta, na lisanga ya bato, to na moto, likoki ya kosala likambo oyo ekonyata makoki pe bonsomi awa. 2457 2005-03-18T21:14:51Z 80.218.21.70 [[category:lisangá]] * [[Demokrasi]] * [[Politiki]] '''Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto''' Maloba ya yambo Na botalaka ‘te kondima limemya ya bato nyonso ya molongo pe makoki ma bango oyo ezali ndenge moko pe bakoki kopimela moto te ezali tina ya bonsomi, bosembo pe kimpa kati ya molongo.Na botalaka ‘te komona pamba pe koboya kotosa esengeli ya moto ebatelama na bokonzi ya bosembo po te, na sima yango, moto akoma na botombiki esongo na minyokoli te, Na botalaka ‘te esengeli kolendisa boyokani na kati ya bikolo, Na botalaka ‘te na kati ya Mokanda ya Mibeko ya Lisanga ya Bikolo ya Molongo, bato ya molongo bayebisi lisusu lolenge bandimi maloki ya tina yo moto, limemya pe lokumu ya moto, bokokani ya makoki ya basi pe mibali pe na botalaka ‘te bango bayebisi ‘te bazwi mokano ya kobongisa ezaleli ya moto pe kosala ‘te moto azwa bomoi malamu penza na kati ya bonsomi ya monene penza, Na botalaka ‘te kozala bato nyonso na makanisi ndenge moko po na makoki pe bonsomi yango, ezali na tina monene po ‘te oyo bakani elonga, LIKITA MONENE ezali koyebisa LISAKOLI YA MOLONGO OYO YA MAKOKI YA MOTO lokola eloko oyo bato pe bikolo nyonso balingi babwa, po te bato pe mangomba nyonso, na bobatelaka tango nyonso Lisakoli yango na moteme, basala makasi na boteyi pe bokolisi bwanya, po ‘te makoki pe bonsomi yango etosama pe basala ‘te bandima pe basalela yango na bosolo penza na molongo mobimba, ezala na kati ya bato ya Bikolo ya Lisanga bango moko to na kati ya ekolo pe molongo mobimba. ETENI YA yambo (1) Bato nyonso na mbotama bazali nzomi pe bakokani na limemya pe makoki. Bazali na mayele pe base, geli kofanda na bondeko okati na bango. ETENI YA 2 Moto nyonso azali na makoki pe bonsomi nyonso oyo elimbolami na kati ya Lisakoli oyo, bokeseni ata moke te, na mambi matali loposo ya nzoto, bomwasi to bobali, lokota, lingomba ya nzambe, makanisi ya politiki to ya ndenge mosusu, ekolo to longomba ya bato, bokulaka, mbotama to makambo mosusu. Epai mosusu, na botalaka eloko ya moto, epikisami kosala bokeseni na mambi matali mibeko ya politiki, mibeko ya bosambisi to ya boyokani na mikili mosusu, ezala ekolo to mabele ya nsomi to oyo eyangelemani na bauta, to oyo ezwi bonsomi ya sikisiki te. ETENI YA 3 Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kozala na bomoi, a kozala somi pe kozala motema sei na bomoto na ye. ETENI YA 4 Moto ata moke te asengeli kozala moumbu; boumbu pe boteki baumbu epikisami na ndenge nyonso. ETENI YA 5 Moto ata moke te asengeli konyokama pe kosalelama makambo ya bonyama pe oyo ezanga bomoto na lokumu. ETENI YA 6 Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te bayeba makoki na ye bipai nyonso. ETENI YA 7 Bato nyonso bakokani liboso ya mobeko pe bazali na likoki ya kobatelama na mobeko se ndenge moko. Banso bazali na likoki ya kobatelama se ndenge moko esongo na bikela nyonso ya bokesenisi elongobani te na Lisakoli oyo pe esengo na bikela nyonso oyo ekobota bokesenisi yango. ETENI YA 8 Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya koluka lisalisi ya solo penza na liboso ya mangomba ya bosambisi ya ekolo oyo ezali na bwanya esongo na bikela oyo ekotangola maloki ya tina endimami na mibeko po na ye. ETENI YA 9 Moto moko te akoki kokangama to kobengisama tina te. ETENI YA 10 Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te likambo na ye lokola ya bato nyonso, essambisama na bosembo pe na miso ya bato nyonso na esambiselo ya somi pe ya epai moko te, oyo ekozwa mikano engebene na makoki pe masenginia ye to engebene na bosolo ya likambo ye afundami. ETENI YA 11 Moto nyonso oyo afundami na likambo azali naino maboko pembe tee tango bakotatola engebene na mobeko, mabe ye asali, na libanza oyo ekosalama na miso ya bato nyonso, epai wapi manso esengeli kosalama po te mofundami azwa na ye. Moto ata moko te asengeli kozwa etumbu po na makambo to botiki oyo, tango esalamaki, ezalikaki naino mbeba te, engebene na mibeko ya ekolo to ya molongo. So lolenge yango, bakoki te kopesa moto etumbu koleka oyo ezalaka kopesama na tango likambo esalamaki. ETENI YA 12 Moto ata moko te akoki kokota pamba na makambo etali ezaleli, libota, ndako pe mikanda ya ngana to pe kobebisa lokumu na ye. Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kobatelama na mobeko esongo na bikota-kota yango. ETENI YA 13 Moto nyonso azali na makoki ya kotambola ndenge alingi pe kopona esika ya kovanda kati ya ekolo. Moto nyonso azali na makoki ya kotika ekolo nyonso ata ya ye moko po na kokenda na ekolo mosusu; ye akoki pe kozonga na ekolo na ye. ETENI YA 14 Na liboso ya monyokoli, moto nyonso azali na likoki ya koluka pe kozwa esika ya kobomba nzoto na bikolo mosusu. Likoki yango likopesama te na moto afundami na likambo ya makasi to na bikela oyo elongombani te na mibeko ya Linsaga ya Bikolo ya Molongo. ETENI YA 15 Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya koyebana mosi-ekolo. Bakoki te kopimela moto likoki ya kozala mosi-ekolo to ya kokoma moto ya ekolo mosusu. ETENI YA 16 Soki mobu ya kobalana ekoki, mobali pe mwasi bakoki kokwelana pe kotonga libota pe masimbisi ezala te na makambo etali loposo, ekolo to longomba ya nzambe. Bango bazali na makoki se ndenge moko na makambo etali makwela, ezala tango ya makwela to tango ya bokabwani. Libala ekoki kosalama se soki mwasi na mobali bango mei bandimi na motema moko. Libala ezali longomba ya tina po na bato pe ezali na likoki ya kobatelama na bato pe Leta. ETENI YA 17 Moto nyonso azala ye moko to na kati ya lisanga, azali na likoki ya mokolo-ekolo. Bakoki ata moke te kopimela to kobotola moto eloko na ye soki tina ezali te. ETENI YA 18 Moto nyonso azali na likoki, ya kozala na makanisi na ye, mayele na ye ya motema pe lingomba na ye ya nzambe; likoki yango ekopesa ye ndingisa ya kopona lingomba ya nzambe to kobongola makanisi na ye, ye moko to elongo na baninga, ezala na miso ya bato ya mei; na boteyi, na bikela, na bokumisi nzambe pe milulu. ETENI YA 19 Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya bokanisi pe bolobi; yango ekopesa ye ndingisa ya kozala na bomo na motema te likolo ya makanisi na ye ndingisa ya koluka, kozwa pe kopanza mayebisi na makanisi esika na esika, na ndenge alingi koyebisa yango. ETENI YA 20 Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kozala na likita pe lingomba oyo ezali na kinya. Ekoki te kosengama na makasi te moto akota na lingomba. ETENI YA 21 Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kotia maboko na bokambi misala ya ekolo na ye ezala ye moko to na batoma ye moko aponi. Moto nyonso azali na likoki, lokola baninga nyonso ya kosala misala ya Leta. Bolingi yango esengeli komonana na maponi ya sembo oyo esengeli kosalama mbala na mbala, na liponeli ya bato nyonso pe na boponi ya Lingomba to na ndenge mosusu ekokani na yango pe ekosala ‘te bato bapona na bonsomi nyonso. ETENI YA 22 Moto nyonso, lokola azali moko ya lingomba, azali na likoki ya kozwa lisalisi ya esalelo-lisungi, oyo ezali na ndingisa ya kopesa moto makoki ya ye ya mosolo, ya bomoi pe ezaleli, po na lokumu pe bokoli malamu ya bomoto na ye, na lisalisi ya bokasi ya ekolo pe ya boyokani ya mikili na mikili, engebene na mwango pe bokulaka ya ekolo na ekolo. ETENI YA 23 Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kozwa mosala, ya kopona mosala ye alingi, na ndenge ya sembo elongobani na mosala, pe basengeli kobatela ya esongo na bosomele. Bato nyonso bazali na likoki, bokeseni ata te, ya kozwa lifuta ekokani po na mosala ekokani. Moto nyonso akosala, azali na likoki ya kozwa lifuta ya sembo pe elongobani, oyo ekosala te ye na libota na ye bazwa bomoi elongobani na lokumu ya moto, pe ekoki kobongisama lisusu na ndenge nyonso ya bobateli bomoi. Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kokela basendika elongo na baninga pe kokota na basendika po na kokengela maloki na ye. ETENI YA 24 Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya bopemisi pe bopemisi nzoto, mingi ya bozwui eleko ya sembo ya boumeli na mosala pe na bozwi lifuta na bakonzi ya mbala na mbala. ETENI YA 25 Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kobikela na ndenge elongobani po ‘te azwa bokolongonu, bozala malamu ya ye pe ya libota na ye epusi na makambo etali kolia, kolata, kovanda, kosalisa nzoto pe kosungama na ndenge esengeli; ye azali na likoki ya kosalisama na tango ya bosemele, bokono, bosele, bozenge, bobange to na tango mosusu ye akozanga mosolo ya kobikela na sima ya makambo esalami na bolinga na ye te. Bomama pe bomwana ezali na likoki ya kosungama na ndenge elongobani. Mwana nyonso abotama kati ya makwela to na libanda asengeli kobatelama to ndenge moko. ETENI YA 26 Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya bokolisi bwanya pe mayele. Mateya esengeli kopesama pamba, mosolo te, ata na bakelasi ya mabandela. Mateya ya mabandela esengeni kopesama na moto nyonso. Mateya ya tekiniki pe ya mosala esengeli kopesama bipai nyonso; eposa ya kozwa mateya ya kelasi ya minene esengeli kopesama na bato nyonso, se ndenge moko, engebene na mayele na bango. Bokolisi bwanya pe mayele esengeli kosala te moto akola na ndenge nyonso pe atosa malamu penza makoki pe bonsomi ya tina na moto. Yango esengeli komema boyokani, boboto, bolingo kati ya bikolo pe mangomba ya bato oyo loposo pe boyambi ekeseni; yango pe esengeli kobongisa misala ya Lisanga ya Bikolo ya Molongo po na bobateli kimya. Baboti bazali na likoki ya yambo, ya boponi ndenge ya mateya esengeli kopesama na bana na bango. ETENI YA 27 Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kotia maboko ndenge alingi na misala ya bokolisi bwanyaya lingomba, kopesela na nkoti, pe kotia maboko na botomboli zebi pe bolamu ya yango. Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te matomba ya misala ya ye ya zebi, ya bokomi pe ya nkoti ebatelama. ETENI YA 28 Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te kati ya bato pe bikolo, nyonso ebonga po te makoki pe bonsomi oyo ekomami kati ya Lisakoli oyo elonga. ETENI YA 29 Moto azali na mikumba epai ya lingomba oyo ekopesa ye eposa ya bokolisi bomoto na ye na ndenge elongobani. Moto nyonso, na botalaka makoki pe bonsomi na ye, asengeli kosala se mikumba oyo eyebani na mobeko se po ‘te bayeba pe bakumisa maloki pe bonsomi ya baninga, pe po na kotosa mibeko ya sembo ya ezalela kinya ya bato pe bozali malamu kati ya lingomba ya boyangeli lisanga. Makoki pe bonsomi yango ekoki, ata moke te, kozala esongo na masengi ya Lisanga ya Bikolo ya Molongo. ETENI YA 30 Mobeko ata moko te ya Lisanga oyo ekoki kozala po na Leta, na lisanga ya bato, to na moto, likoki ya kosala likambo oyo ekonyata makoki pe bonsomi awa. 2458 2005-03-19T08:30:57Z Moyogo 11 toc, eténi [[category:lisangá]] * [[Demokrasi]] * [[Politiki]] '''Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto''' == Maloba ya yambo == Na botalaka ‘te kondima limemya ya bato nyonso ya molongo pe makoki ma bango oyo ezali ndenge moko pe bakoki kopimela moto te ezali tina ya bonsomi, bosembo pe kimpa kati ya molongo.Na botalaka ‘te komona pamba pe koboya kotosa esengeli ya moto ebatelama na bokonzi ya bosembo po te, na sima yango, moto akoma na botombiki esongo na minyokoli te, Na botalaka ‘te esengeli kolendisa boyokani na kati ya bikolo, Na botalaka ‘te na kati ya Mokanda ya Mibeko ya Lisanga ya Bikolo ya Molongo, bato ya molongo bayebisi lisusu lolenge bandimi maloki ya tina yo moto, limemya pe lokumu ya moto, bokokani ya makoki ya basi pe mibali pe na botalaka ‘te bango bayebisi ‘te bazwi mokano ya kobongisa ezaleli ya moto pe kosala ‘te moto azwa bomoi malamu penza na kati ya bonsomi ya monene penza, Na botalaka ‘te kozala bato nyonso na makanisi ndenge moko po na makoki pe bonsomi yango, ezali na tina monene po ‘te oyo bakani elonga, Likita monene ezali koyebisa Lisakoli ya molongo oyo ya makoki ya moto lokola eloko oyo bato pe bikolo nyonso balingi babwa, po te bato pe mangomba nyonso, na bobatelaka tango nyonso Lisakoli yango na moteme, basala makasi na boteyi pe bokolisi bwanya, po ‘te makoki pe bonsomi yango etosama pe basala ‘te bandima pe basalela yango na bosolo penza na molongo mobimba, ezala na kati ya bato ya Bikolo ya Lisanga bango moko to na kati ya ekolo pe molongo mobimba. ==Eténi yambo (1)== Bato nyonso na mbotama bazali nzomi pe bakokani na limemya pe makoki. Bazali na mayele pe base, geli kofanda na bondeko okati na bango. ==Eténi ya 2== Moto nyonso azali na makoki pe bonsomi nyonso oyo elimbolami na kati ya Lisakoli oyo, bokeseni ata moke te, na mambi matali loposo ya nzoto, bomwasi to bobali, lokota, lingomba ya nzambe, makanisi ya politiki to ya ndenge mosusu, ekolo to longomba ya bato, bokulaka, mbotama to makambo mosusu. Epai mosusu, na botalaka eloko ya moto, epikisami kosala bokeseni na mambi matali mibeko ya politiki, mibeko ya bosambisi to ya boyokani na mikili mosusu, ezala ekolo to mabele ya nsomi to oyo eyangelemani na bauta, to oyo ezwi bonsomi ya sikisiki te. ==Eténi ya 3== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kozala na bomoi, a kozala somi pe kozala motema sei na bomoto na ye. ==Eténi ya 4== Moto ata moke te asengeli kozala moumbu; boumbu pe boteki baumbu epikisami na ndenge nyonso. ==Eténi ya 5== Moto ata moke te asengeli konyokama pe kosalelama makambo ya bonyama pe oyo ezanga bomoto na lokumu. ==Eténi ya 6== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te bayeba makoki na ye bipai nyonso. ==Eténi ya 7== Bato nyonso bakokani liboso ya mobeko pe bazali na likoki ya kobatelama na mobeko se ndenge moko. Banso bazali na likoki ya kobatelama se ndenge moko esongo na bikela nyonso ya bokesenisi elongobani te na Lisakoli oyo pe esengo na bikela nyonso oyo ekobota bokesenisi yango. ==Eténi ya 8== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya koluka lisalisi ya solo penza na liboso ya mangomba ya bosambisi ya ekolo oyo ezali na bwanya esongo na bikela oyo ekotangola maloki ya tina endimami na mibeko po na ye. ==Eténi ya 9== Moto moko te akoki kokangama to kobengisama tina te. ==Eténi ya 10== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te likambo na ye lokola ya bato nyonso, essambisama na bosembo pe na miso ya bato nyonso na esambiselo ya somi pe ya epai moko te, oyo ekozwa mikano engebene na makoki pe masenginia ye to engebene na bosolo ya likambo ye afundami. ==Eténi ya 11== Moto nyonso oyo afundami na likambo azali naino maboko pembe tee tango bakotatola engebene na mobeko, mabe ye asali, na libanza oyo ekosalama na miso ya bato nyonso, epai wapi manso esengeli kosalama po te mofundami azwa na ye. Moto ata moko te asengeli kozwa etumbu po na makambo to botiki oyo, tango esalamaki, ezalikaki naino mbeba te, engebene na mibeko ya ekolo to ya molongo. So lolenge yango, bakoki te kopesa moto etumbu koleka oyo ezalaka kopesama na tango likambo esalamaki. ==Eténi ya 12== Moto ata moko te akoki kokota pamba na makambo etali ezaleli, libota, ndako pe mikanda ya ngana to pe kobebisa lokumu na ye. Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kobatelama na mobeko esongo na bikota-kota yango. ==Eténi ya 13== Moto nyonso azali na makoki ya kotambola ndenge alingi pe kopona esika ya kovanda kati ya ekolo. Moto nyonso azali na makoki ya kotika ekolo nyonso ata ya ye moko po na kokenda na ekolo mosusu; ye akoki pe kozonga na ekolo na ye. ==Eténi ya 14== Na liboso ya monyokoli, moto nyonso azali na likoki ya koluka pe kozwa esika ya kobomba nzoto na bikolo mosusu. Likoki yango likopesama te na moto afundami na likambo ya makasi to na bikela oyo elongombani te na mibeko ya Linsaga ya Bikolo ya Molongo. ==Eténi ya 15== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya koyebana mosi-ekolo. Bakoki te kopimela moto likoki ya kozala mosi-ekolo to ya kokoma moto ya ekolo mosusu. ==Eténi ya 16== Soki mobu ya kobalana ekoki, mobali pe mwasi bakoki kokwelana pe kotonga libota pe masimbisi ezala te na makambo etali loposo, ekolo to longomba ya nzambe. Bango bazali na makoki se ndenge moko na makambo etali makwela, ezala tango ya makwela to tango ya bokabwani. Libala ekoki kosalama se soki mwasi na mobali bango mei bandimi na motema moko. Libala ezali longomba ya tina po na bato pe ezali na likoki ya kobatelama na bato pe Leta. ==Eténi ya 17== Moto nyonso azala ye moko to na kati ya lisanga, azali na likoki ya mokolo-ekolo. Bakoki ata moke te kopimela to kobotola moto eloko na ye soki tina ezali te. ==Eténi ya 18== Moto nyonso azali na likoki, ya kozala na makanisi na ye, mayele na ye ya motema pe lingomba na ye ya nzambe; likoki yango ekopesa ye ndingisa ya kopona lingomba ya nzambe to kobongola makanisi na ye, ye moko to elongo na baninga, ezala na miso ya bato ya mei; na boteyi, na bikela, na bokumisi nzambe pe milulu. ==Eténi ya 19== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya bokanisi pe bolobi; yango ekopesa ye ndingisa ya kozala na bomo na motema te likolo ya makanisi na ye ndingisa ya koluka, kozwa pe kopanza mayebisi na makanisi esika na esika, na ndenge alingi koyebisa yango. ==Eténi ya 20== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kozala na likita pe lingomba oyo ezali na kinya. Ekoki te kosengama na makasi te moto akota na lingomba. ==Eténi ya 21== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kotia maboko na bokambi misala ya ekolo na ye ezala ye moko to na batoma ye moko aponi. Moto nyonso azali na likoki, lokola baninga nyonso ya kosala misala ya Leta. Bolingi yango esengeli komonana na maponi ya sembo oyo esengeli kosalama mbala na mbala, na liponeli ya bato nyonso pe na boponi ya Lingomba to na ndenge mosusu ekokani na yango pe ekosala ‘te bato bapona na bonsomi nyonso. ==Eténi ya 22== Moto nyonso, lokola azali moko ya lingomba, azali na likoki ya kozwa lisalisi ya esalelo-lisungi, oyo ezali na ndingisa ya kopesa moto makoki ya ye ya mosolo, ya bomoi pe ezaleli, po na lokumu pe bokoli malamu ya bomoto na ye, na lisalisi ya bokasi ya ekolo pe ya boyokani ya mikili na mikili, engebene na mwango pe bokulaka ya ekolo na ekolo. ==Eténi ya 23== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kozwa mosala, ya kopona mosala ye alingi, na ndenge ya sembo elongobani na mosala, pe basengeli kobatela ya esongo na bosomele. Bato nyonso bazali na likoki, bokeseni ata te, ya kozwa lifuta ekokani po na mosala ekokani. Moto nyonso akosala, azali na likoki ya kozwa lifuta ya sembo pe elongobani, oyo ekosala te ye na libota na ye bazwa bomoi elongobani na lokumu ya moto, pe ekoki kobongisama lisusu na ndenge nyonso ya bobateli bomoi. Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kokela basendika elongo na baninga pe kokota na basendika po na kokengela maloki na ye. ==Eténi ya 24== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya bopemisi pe bopemisi nzoto, mingi ya bozwui eleko ya sembo ya boumeli na mosala pe na bozwi lifuta na bakonzi ya mbala na mbala. ==Eténi ya 25== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kobikela na ndenge elongobani po ‘te azwa bokolongonu, bozala malamu ya ye pe ya libota na ye epusi na makambo etali kolia, kolata, kovanda, kosalisa nzoto pe kosungama na ndenge esengeli; ye azali na likoki ya kosalisama na tango ya bosemele, bokono, bosele, bozenge, bobange to na tango mosusu ye akozanga mosolo ya kobikela na sima ya makambo esalami na bolinga na ye te. Bomama pe bomwana ezali na likoki ya kosungama na ndenge elongobani. Mwana nyonso abotama kati ya makwela to na libanda asengeli kobatelama to ndenge moko. ==Eténi ya 26== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya bokolisi bwanya pe mayele. Mateya esengeli kopesama pamba, mosolo te, ata na bakelasi ya mabandela. Mateya ya mabandela esengeni kopesama na moto nyonso. Mateya ya tekiniki pe ya mosala esengeli kopesama bipai nyonso; eposa ya kozwa mateya ya kelasi ya minene esengeli kopesama na bato nyonso, se ndenge moko, engebene na mayele na bango. Bokolisi bwanya pe mayele esengeli kosala te moto akola na ndenge nyonso pe atosa malamu penza makoki pe bonsomi ya tina na moto. Yango esengeli komema boyokani, boboto, bolingo kati ya bikolo pe mangomba ya bato oyo loposo pe boyambi ekeseni; yango pe esengeli kobongisa misala ya Lisanga ya Bikolo ya Molongo po na bobateli kimya. Baboti bazali na likoki ya yambo, ya boponi ndenge ya mateya esengeli kopesama na bana na bango. ==Eténi ya 27== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kotia maboko ndenge alingi na misala ya bokolisi bwanyaya lingomba, kopesela na nkoti, pe kotia maboko na botomboli zebi pe bolamu ya yango. Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te matomba ya misala ya ye ya zebi, ya bokomi pe ya nkoti ebatelama. ==Eténi ya 28== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te kati ya bato pe bikolo, nyonso ebonga po te makoki pe bonsomi oyo ekomami kati ya Lisakoli oyo elonga. ==Eténi ya 29== Moto azali na mikumba epai ya lingomba oyo ekopesa ye eposa ya bokolisi bomoto na ye na ndenge elongobani. Moto nyonso, na botalaka makoki pe bonsomi na ye, asengeli kosala se mikumba oyo eyebani na mobeko se po ‘te bayeba pe bakumisa maloki pe bonsomi ya baninga, pe po na kotosa mibeko ya sembo ya ezalela kinya ya bato pe bozali malamu kati ya lingomba ya boyangeli lisanga. Makoki pe bonsomi yango ekoki, ata moke te, kozala esongo na masengi ya Lisanga ya Bikolo ya Molongo. ==Eténi ya 30== Mobeko ata moko te ya Lisanga oyo ekoki kozala po na Leta, na lisanga ya bato, to na moto, likoki ya kosala likambo oyo ekonyata makoki pe bonsomi awa. 2459 2005-03-19T08:40:53Z Moyogo 11 [[category:lisangá]] * [[Demokrasi]] * [[Politiki]] '''Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto''' == Maloba ya yambo == Na botalaka ‘te kondima limemya ya bato nyonso ya molongo pe makoki ma bango oyo ezali ndenge moko pe bakoki kopimela moto te ezali tina ya bonsomi, bosembo pe kimpa kati ya molongo.Na botalaka ‘te komona pamba pe koboya kotosa esengeli ya moto ebatelama na bokonzi ya bosembo po te, na sima yango, moto akoma na botombiki esongo na minyokoli te, Na botalaka ‘te esengeli kolendisa boyokani na kati ya bikolo, Na botalaka ‘te na kati ya Mokanda ya Mibeko ya Lisanga ya Bikolo ya Molongo, bato ya molongo bayebisi lisusu lolenge bandimi maloki ya tina yo moto, limemya pe lokumu ya moto, bokokani ya makoki ya basi pe mibali pe na botalaka ‘te bango bayebisi ‘te bazwi mokano ya kobongisa ezaleli ya moto pe kosala ‘te moto azwa bomoi malamu penza na kati ya bonsomi ya monene penza, Na botalaka ‘te kozala bato nyonso na makanisi ndenge moko po na makoki pe bonsomi yango, ezali na tina monene po ‘te oyo bakani elonga, Likita monene ezali koyebisa Lisakoli ya molongo oyo ya makoki ya moto lokola eloko oyo bato pe bikolo nyonso balingi babwa, po te bato pe mangomba nyonso, na bobatelaka tango nyonso Lisakoli yango na moteme, basala makasi na boteyi pe bokolisi bwanya, po ‘te makoki pe bonsomi yango etosama pe basala ‘te bandima pe basalela yango na bosolo penza na molongo mobimba, ezala na kati ya bato ya Bikolo ya Lisanga bango moko to na kati ya ekolo pe molongo mobimba. ==Eténi yambo (1)== Bato nyonso na mbotama bazali nzomi pe bakokani na limemya pe makoki. Bazali na mayele pe base, geli kofanda na bondeko okati na bango. ==Eténi ya 2== Moto nyonso azali na makoki pe bonsomi nyonso oyo elimbolami na kati ya Lisakoli oyo, bokeseni ata moke te, na mambi matali loposo ya nzoto, bomwasi to bobali, lokota, lingomba ya nzambe, makanisi ya politiki to ya ndenge mosusu, ekolo to longomba ya bato, bokulaka, mbotama to makambo mosusu. Epai mosusu, na botalaka eloko ya moto, epikisami kosala bokeseni na mambi matali mibeko ya politiki, mibeko ya bosambisi to ya boyokani na mikili mosusu, ezala ekolo to mabele ya nsomi to oyo eyangelemani na bauta, to oyo ezwi bonsomi ya sikisiki te. ==Eténi ya 3== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kozala na bomoi, a kozala somi pe kozala motema sei na bomoto na ye. ==Eténi ya 4== Moto ata moke te asengeli kozala moumbu; boumbu pe boteki baumbu epikisami na ndenge nyonso. ==Eténi ya 5== Moto ata moke te asengeli konyokama pe kosalelama makambo ya bonyama pe oyo ezanga bomoto na lokumu. ==Eténi ya 6== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te bayeba makoki na ye bipai nyonso. ==Eténi ya 7== Bato nyonso bakokani liboso ya mobeko pe bazali na likoki ya kobatelama na mobeko se ndenge moko. Banso bazali na likoki ya kobatelama se ndenge moko esongo na bikela nyonso ya bokesenisi elongobani te na Lisakoli oyo pe esengo na bikela nyonso oyo ekobota bokesenisi yango. ==Eténi ya 8== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya koluka lisalisi ya solo penza na liboso ya mangomba ya bosambisi ya ekolo oyo ezali na bwanya esongo na bikela oyo ekotangola maloki ya tina endimami na mibeko po na ye. ==Eténi ya 9== Moto moko te akoki kokangama to kobengisama tina te. ==Eténi ya 10== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te likambo na ye lokola ya bato nyonso, essambisama na bosembo pe na miso ya bato nyonso na esambiselo ya somi pe ya epai moko te, oyo ekozwa mikano engebene na makoki pe masenginia ye to engebene na bosolo ya likambo ye afundami. ==Eténi ya 11== Moto nyonso oyo afundami na likambo azali naino maboko pembe tee tango bakotatola engebene na mobeko, mabe ye asali, na libanza oyo ekosalama na miso ya bato nyonso, epai wapi manso esengeli kosalama po te mofundami azwa na ye. Moto ata moko te asengeli kozwa etumbu po na makambo to botiki oyo, tango esalamaki, ezalikaki naino mbeba te, engebene na mibeko ya ekolo to ya molongo. So lolenge yango, bakoki te kopesa moto etumbu koleka oyo ezalaka kopesama na tango likambo esalamaki. ==Eténi ya 12== Moto ata moko te akoki kokota pamba na makambo etali ezaleli, libota, ndako pe mikanda ya ngana to pe kobebisa lokumu na ye. Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kobatelama na mobeko esongo na bikota-kota yango. ==Eténi ya 13== Moto nyonso azali na makoki ya kotambola ndenge alingi pe kopona esika ya kovanda kati ya ekolo. Moto nyonso azali na makoki ya kotika ekolo nyonso ata ya ye moko po na kokenda na ekolo mosusu; ye akoki pe kozonga na ekolo na ye. ==Eténi ya 14== Na liboso ya monyokoli, moto nyonso azali na likoki ya koluka pe kozwa esika ya kobomba nzoto na bikolo mosusu. Likoki yango likopesama te na moto afundami na likambo ya makasi to na bikela oyo elongombani te na mibeko ya Linsaga ya Bikolo ya Molongo. ==Eténi ya 15== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya koyebana mosi-ekolo. Bakoki te kopimela moto likoki ya kozala mosi-ekolo to ya kokoma moto ya ekolo mosusu. ==Eténi ya 16== Soki mobu ya kobalana ekoki, mobali pe mwasi bakoki kokwelana pe kotonga libota pe masimbisi ezala te na makambo etali loposo, ekolo to longomba ya nzambe. Bango bazali na makoki se ndenge moko na makambo etali makwela, ezala tango ya makwela to tango ya bokabwani. Libala ekoki kosalama se soki mwasi na mobali bango mei bandimi na motema moko. Libala ezali longomba ya tina po na bato pe ezali na likoki ya kobatelama na bato pe Leta. ==Eténi ya 17== Moto nyonso azala ye moko to na kati ya lisanga, azali na likoki ya mokolo-ekolo. Bakoki ata moke te kopimela to kobotola moto eloko na ye soki tina ezali te. ==Eténi ya 18== Moto nyonso azali na likoki, ya kozala na makanisi na ye, mayele na ye ya motema pe lingomba na ye ya nzambe; likoki yango ekopesa ye ndingisa ya kopona lingomba ya nzambe to kobongola makanisi na ye, ye moko to elongo na baninga, ezala na miso ya bato ya mei; na boteyi, na bikela, na bokumisi nzambe pe milulu. ==Eténi ya 19== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya bokanisi pe bolobi; yango ekopesa ye ndingisa ya kozala na bomo na motema te likolo ya makanisi na ye ndingisa ya koluka, kozwa pe kopanza mayebisi na makanisi esika na esika, na ndenge alingi koyebisa yango. ==Eténi ya 20== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kozala na likita pe lingomba oyo ezali na kinya. Ekoki te kosengama na makasi te moto akota na lingomba. ==Eténi ya 21== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kotia maboko na bokambi misala ya ekolo na ye ezala ye moko to na batoma ye moko aponi. Moto nyonso azali na likoki, lokola baninga nyonso ya kosala misala ya Leta. Bolingi yango esengeli komonana na maponi ya sembo oyo esengeli kosalama mbala na mbala, na liponeli ya bato nyonso pe na boponi ya Lingomba to na ndenge mosusu ekokani na yango pe ekosala ‘te bato bapona na bonsomi nyonso. ==Eténi ya 22== Moto nyonso, lokola azali moko ya lingomba, azali na likoki ya kozwa lisalisi ya esalelo-lisungi, oyo ezali na ndingisa ya kopesa moto makoki ya ye ya mosolo, ya bomoi pe ezaleli, po na lokumu pe bokoli malamu ya bomoto na ye, na lisalisi ya bokasi ya ekolo pe ya boyokani ya mikili na mikili, engebene na mwango pe bokulaka ya ekolo na ekolo. ==Eténi ya 23== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kozwa mosala, ya kopona mosala ye alingi, na ndenge ya sembo elongobani na mosala, pe basengeli kobatela ya esongo na bosomele. Bato nyonso bazali na likoki, bokeseni ata te, ya kozwa lifuta ekokani po na mosala ekokani. Moto nyonso akosala, azali na likoki ya kozwa lifuta ya sembo pe elongobani, oyo ekosala te ye na libota na ye bazwa bomoi elongobani na lokumu ya moto, pe ekoki kobongisama lisusu na ndenge nyonso ya bobateli bomoi. Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kokela basendika elongo na baninga pe kokota na basendika po na kokengela maloki na ye. ==Eténi ya 24== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya bopemisi pe bopemisi nzoto, mingi ya bozwui eleko ya sembo ya boumeli na mosala pe na bozwi lifuta na bakonzi ya mbala na mbala. ==Eténi ya 25== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kobikela na ndenge elongobani po ‘te azwa bokolongonu, bozala malamu ya ye pe ya libota na ye epusi na makambo etali kolia, kolata, kovanda, kosalisa nzoto pe kosungama na ndenge esengeli; ye azali na likoki ya kosalisama na tango ya bosemele, bokono, bosele, bozenge, bobange to na tango mosusu ye akozanga mosolo ya kobikela na sima ya makambo esalami na bolinga na ye te. Bomama pe bomwana ezali na likoki ya kosungama na ndenge elongobani. Mwana nyonso abotama kati ya makwela to na libanda asengeli kobatelama to ndenge moko. ==Eténi ya 26== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya bokolisi bwanya pe mayele. Mateya esengeli kopesama pamba, mosolo te, ata na bakelasi ya mabandela. Mateya ya mabandela esengeni kopesama na moto nyonso. Mateya ya tekiniki pe ya mosala esengeli kopesama bipai nyonso; eposa ya kozwa mateya ya kelasi ya minene esengeli kopesama na bato nyonso, se ndenge moko, engebene na mayele na bango. Bokolisi bwanya pe mayele esengeli kosala te moto akola na ndenge nyonso pe atosa malamu penza makoki pe bonsomi ya tina na moto. Yango esengeli komema boyokani, boboto, bolingo kati ya bikolo pe mangomba ya bato oyo loposo pe boyambi ekeseni; yango pe esengeli kobongisa misala ya Lisanga ya Bikolo ya Molongo po na bobateli kimya. Baboti bazali na likoki ya yambo, ya boponi ndenge ya mateya esengeli kopesama na bana na bango. ==Eténi ya 27== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kotia maboko ndenge alingi na misala ya bokolisi bwanyaya lingomba, kopesela na nkoti, pe kotia maboko na botomboli zebi pe bolamu ya yango. Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te matomba ya misala ya ye ya zebi, ya bokomi pe ya nkoti ebatelama. ==Eténi ya 28== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te kati ya bato pe bikolo, nyonso ebonga po te makoki pe bonsomi oyo ekomami kati ya Lisakoli oyo elonga. ==Eténi ya 29== Moto azali na mikumba epai ya lingomba oyo ekopesa ye eposa ya bokolisi bomoto na ye na ndenge elongobani. Moto nyonso, na botalaka makoki pe bonsomi na ye, asengeli kosala se mikumba oyo eyebani na mobeko se po ‘te bayeba pe bakumisa maloki pe bonsomi ya baninga, pe po na kotosa mibeko ya sembo ya ezalela kinya ya bato pe bozali malamu kati ya lingomba ya boyangeli lisanga. Makoki pe bonsomi yango ekoki, ata moke te, kozala esongo na masengi ya Lisanga ya Bikolo ya Molongo. ==Eténi ya 30== Mobeko ata moko te ya Lisanga oyo ekoki kozala po na Leta, na lisanga ya bato, to na moto, likoki ya kosala likambo oyo ekonyata makoki pe bonsomi awa. [[cs:Všeobecná deklarace lidských práv]] [[de:Allgemeine Erklärung der Menschenrechte]] [[en:Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] [[es:Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos]] [[eo:Universala Deklaracio de Homaj Rajtoj]] [[fy:Universele Ferklearring fan de Rjochten fan de Minske]] [[it:Dichiarazione Universale dei Diritti dell'Uomo]] [[he:ההכרזה לכל באי עולם בדבר זכויות האדם]] [[minnan:Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân]] [[nl:Universele Verklaring van de Rechten van de Mens]] [[no:Menneskerettighetserklæringen]] [[pl:Powszechna Deklaracja Praw Człowieka]] [[pt:Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos]] [[ro:Declaraţia Universală a Drepturilor Omului]] [[ru:Декларация прав человека]] [[zh:世界人权宣言]] 3572 2005-03-19T08:41:22Z Moyogo 11 fr [[category:lisangá]] * [[Demokrasi]] * [[Politiki]] '''Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto''' == Maloba ya yambo == Na botalaka ‘te kondima limemya ya bato nyonso ya molongo pe makoki ma bango oyo ezali ndenge moko pe bakoki kopimela moto te ezali tina ya bonsomi, bosembo pe kimpa kati ya molongo.Na botalaka ‘te komona pamba pe koboya kotosa esengeli ya moto ebatelama na bokonzi ya bosembo po te, na sima yango, moto akoma na botombiki esongo na minyokoli te, Na botalaka ‘te esengeli kolendisa boyokani na kati ya bikolo, Na botalaka ‘te na kati ya Mokanda ya Mibeko ya Lisanga ya Bikolo ya Molongo, bato ya molongo bayebisi lisusu lolenge bandimi maloki ya tina yo moto, limemya pe lokumu ya moto, bokokani ya makoki ya basi pe mibali pe na botalaka ‘te bango bayebisi ‘te bazwi mokano ya kobongisa ezaleli ya moto pe kosala ‘te moto azwa bomoi malamu penza na kati ya bonsomi ya monene penza, Na botalaka ‘te kozala bato nyonso na makanisi ndenge moko po na makoki pe bonsomi yango, ezali na tina monene po ‘te oyo bakani elonga, Likita monene ezali koyebisa Lisakoli ya molongo oyo ya makoki ya moto lokola eloko oyo bato pe bikolo nyonso balingi babwa, po te bato pe mangomba nyonso, na bobatelaka tango nyonso Lisakoli yango na moteme, basala makasi na boteyi pe bokolisi bwanya, po ‘te makoki pe bonsomi yango etosama pe basala ‘te bandima pe basalela yango na bosolo penza na molongo mobimba, ezala na kati ya bato ya Bikolo ya Lisanga bango moko to na kati ya ekolo pe molongo mobimba. ==Eténi yambo (1)== Bato nyonso na mbotama bazali nzomi pe bakokani na limemya pe makoki. Bazali na mayele pe base, geli kofanda na bondeko okati na bango. ==Eténi ya 2== Moto nyonso azali na makoki pe bonsomi nyonso oyo elimbolami na kati ya Lisakoli oyo, bokeseni ata moke te, na mambi matali loposo ya nzoto, bomwasi to bobali, lokota, lingomba ya nzambe, makanisi ya politiki to ya ndenge mosusu, ekolo to longomba ya bato, bokulaka, mbotama to makambo mosusu. Epai mosusu, na botalaka eloko ya moto, epikisami kosala bokeseni na mambi matali mibeko ya politiki, mibeko ya bosambisi to ya boyokani na mikili mosusu, ezala ekolo to mabele ya nsomi to oyo eyangelemani na bauta, to oyo ezwi bonsomi ya sikisiki te. ==Eténi ya 3== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kozala na bomoi, a kozala somi pe kozala motema sei na bomoto na ye. ==Eténi ya 4== Moto ata moke te asengeli kozala moumbu; boumbu pe boteki baumbu epikisami na ndenge nyonso. ==Eténi ya 5== Moto ata moke te asengeli konyokama pe kosalelama makambo ya bonyama pe oyo ezanga bomoto na lokumu. ==Eténi ya 6== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te bayeba makoki na ye bipai nyonso. ==Eténi ya 7== Bato nyonso bakokani liboso ya mobeko pe bazali na likoki ya kobatelama na mobeko se ndenge moko. Banso bazali na likoki ya kobatelama se ndenge moko esongo na bikela nyonso ya bokesenisi elongobani te na Lisakoli oyo pe esengo na bikela nyonso oyo ekobota bokesenisi yango. ==Eténi ya 8== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya koluka lisalisi ya solo penza na liboso ya mangomba ya bosambisi ya ekolo oyo ezali na bwanya esongo na bikela oyo ekotangola maloki ya tina endimami na mibeko po na ye. ==Eténi ya 9== Moto moko te akoki kokangama to kobengisama tina te. ==Eténi ya 10== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te likambo na ye lokola ya bato nyonso, essambisama na bosembo pe na miso ya bato nyonso na esambiselo ya somi pe ya epai moko te, oyo ekozwa mikano engebene na makoki pe masenginia ye to engebene na bosolo ya likambo ye afundami. ==Eténi ya 11== Moto nyonso oyo afundami na likambo azali naino maboko pembe tee tango bakotatola engebene na mobeko, mabe ye asali, na libanza oyo ekosalama na miso ya bato nyonso, epai wapi manso esengeli kosalama po te mofundami azwa na ye. Moto ata moko te asengeli kozwa etumbu po na makambo to botiki oyo, tango esalamaki, ezalikaki naino mbeba te, engebene na mibeko ya ekolo to ya molongo. So lolenge yango, bakoki te kopesa moto etumbu koleka oyo ezalaka kopesama na tango likambo esalamaki. ==Eténi ya 12== Moto ata moko te akoki kokota pamba na makambo etali ezaleli, libota, ndako pe mikanda ya ngana to pe kobebisa lokumu na ye. Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kobatelama na mobeko esongo na bikota-kota yango. ==Eténi ya 13== Moto nyonso azali na makoki ya kotambola ndenge alingi pe kopona esika ya kovanda kati ya ekolo. Moto nyonso azali na makoki ya kotika ekolo nyonso ata ya ye moko po na kokenda na ekolo mosusu; ye akoki pe kozonga na ekolo na ye. ==Eténi ya 14== Na liboso ya monyokoli, moto nyonso azali na likoki ya koluka pe kozwa esika ya kobomba nzoto na bikolo mosusu. Likoki yango likopesama te na moto afundami na likambo ya makasi to na bikela oyo elongombani te na mibeko ya Linsaga ya Bikolo ya Molongo. ==Eténi ya 15== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya koyebana mosi-ekolo. Bakoki te kopimela moto likoki ya kozala mosi-ekolo to ya kokoma moto ya ekolo mosusu. ==Eténi ya 16== Soki mobu ya kobalana ekoki, mobali pe mwasi bakoki kokwelana pe kotonga libota pe masimbisi ezala te na makambo etali loposo, ekolo to longomba ya nzambe. Bango bazali na makoki se ndenge moko na makambo etali makwela, ezala tango ya makwela to tango ya bokabwani. Libala ekoki kosalama se soki mwasi na mobali bango mei bandimi na motema moko. Libala ezali longomba ya tina po na bato pe ezali na likoki ya kobatelama na bato pe Leta. ==Eténi ya 17== Moto nyonso azala ye moko to na kati ya lisanga, azali na likoki ya mokolo-ekolo. Bakoki ata moke te kopimela to kobotola moto eloko na ye soki tina ezali te. ==Eténi ya 18== Moto nyonso azali na likoki, ya kozala na makanisi na ye, mayele na ye ya motema pe lingomba na ye ya nzambe; likoki yango ekopesa ye ndingisa ya kopona lingomba ya nzambe to kobongola makanisi na ye, ye moko to elongo na baninga, ezala na miso ya bato ya mei; na boteyi, na bikela, na bokumisi nzambe pe milulu. ==Eténi ya 19== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya bokanisi pe bolobi; yango ekopesa ye ndingisa ya kozala na bomo na motema te likolo ya makanisi na ye ndingisa ya koluka, kozwa pe kopanza mayebisi na makanisi esika na esika, na ndenge alingi koyebisa yango. ==Eténi ya 20== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kozala na likita pe lingomba oyo ezali na kinya. Ekoki te kosengama na makasi te moto akota na lingomba. ==Eténi ya 21== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kotia maboko na bokambi misala ya ekolo na ye ezala ye moko to na batoma ye moko aponi. Moto nyonso azali na likoki, lokola baninga nyonso ya kosala misala ya Leta. Bolingi yango esengeli komonana na maponi ya sembo oyo esengeli kosalama mbala na mbala, na liponeli ya bato nyonso pe na boponi ya Lingomba to na ndenge mosusu ekokani na yango pe ekosala ‘te bato bapona na bonsomi nyonso. ==Eténi ya 22== Moto nyonso, lokola azali moko ya lingomba, azali na likoki ya kozwa lisalisi ya esalelo-lisungi, oyo ezali na ndingisa ya kopesa moto makoki ya ye ya mosolo, ya bomoi pe ezaleli, po na lokumu pe bokoli malamu ya bomoto na ye, na lisalisi ya bokasi ya ekolo pe ya boyokani ya mikili na mikili, engebene na mwango pe bokulaka ya ekolo na ekolo. ==Eténi ya 23== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kozwa mosala, ya kopona mosala ye alingi, na ndenge ya sembo elongobani na mosala, pe basengeli kobatela ya esongo na bosomele. Bato nyonso bazali na likoki, bokeseni ata te, ya kozwa lifuta ekokani po na mosala ekokani. Moto nyonso akosala, azali na likoki ya kozwa lifuta ya sembo pe elongobani, oyo ekosala te ye na libota na ye bazwa bomoi elongobani na lokumu ya moto, pe ekoki kobongisama lisusu na ndenge nyonso ya bobateli bomoi. Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kokela basendika elongo na baninga pe kokota na basendika po na kokengela maloki na ye. ==Eténi ya 24== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya bopemisi pe bopemisi nzoto, mingi ya bozwui eleko ya sembo ya boumeli na mosala pe na bozwi lifuta na bakonzi ya mbala na mbala. ==Eténi ya 25== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kobikela na ndenge elongobani po ‘te azwa bokolongonu, bozala malamu ya ye pe ya libota na ye epusi na makambo etali kolia, kolata, kovanda, kosalisa nzoto pe kosungama na ndenge esengeli; ye azali na likoki ya kosalisama na tango ya bosemele, bokono, bosele, bozenge, bobange to na tango mosusu ye akozanga mosolo ya kobikela na sima ya makambo esalami na bolinga na ye te. Bomama pe bomwana ezali na likoki ya kosungama na ndenge elongobani. Mwana nyonso abotama kati ya makwela to na libanda asengeli kobatelama to ndenge moko. ==Eténi ya 26== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya bokolisi bwanya pe mayele. Mateya esengeli kopesama pamba, mosolo te, ata na bakelasi ya mabandela. Mateya ya mabandela esengeni kopesama na moto nyonso. Mateya ya tekiniki pe ya mosala esengeli kopesama bipai nyonso; eposa ya kozwa mateya ya kelasi ya minene esengeli kopesama na bato nyonso, se ndenge moko, engebene na mayele na bango. Bokolisi bwanya pe mayele esengeli kosala te moto akola na ndenge nyonso pe atosa malamu penza makoki pe bonsomi ya tina na moto. Yango esengeli komema boyokani, boboto, bolingo kati ya bikolo pe mangomba ya bato oyo loposo pe boyambi ekeseni; yango pe esengeli kobongisa misala ya Lisanga ya Bikolo ya Molongo po na bobateli kimya. Baboti bazali na likoki ya yambo, ya boponi ndenge ya mateya esengeli kopesama na bana na bango. ==Eténi ya 27== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kotia maboko ndenge alingi na misala ya bokolisi bwanyaya lingomba, kopesela na nkoti, pe kotia maboko na botomboli zebi pe bolamu ya yango. Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te matomba ya misala ya ye ya zebi, ya bokomi pe ya nkoti ebatelama. ==Eténi ya 28== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te kati ya bato pe bikolo, nyonso ebonga po te makoki pe bonsomi oyo ekomami kati ya Lisakoli oyo elonga. ==Eténi ya 29== Moto azali na mikumba epai ya lingomba oyo ekopesa ye eposa ya bokolisi bomoto na ye na ndenge elongobani. Moto nyonso, na botalaka makoki pe bonsomi na ye, asengeli kosala se mikumba oyo eyebani na mobeko se po ‘te bayeba pe bakumisa maloki pe bonsomi ya baninga, pe po na kotosa mibeko ya sembo ya ezalela kinya ya bato pe bozali malamu kati ya lingomba ya boyangeli lisanga. Makoki pe bonsomi yango ekoki, ata moke te, kozala esongo na masengi ya Lisanga ya Bikolo ya Molongo. ==Eténi ya 30== Mobeko ata moko te ya Lisanga oyo ekoki kozala po na Leta, na lisanga ya bato, to na moto, likoki ya kosala likambo oyo ekonyata makoki pe bonsomi awa. [[cs:Všeobecná deklarace lidských práv]] [[de:Allgemeine Erklärung der Menschenrechte]] [[en:Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] [[es:Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos]] [[eo:Universala Deklaracio de Homaj Rajtoj]] [[fr:Déclaration universelle des droits de l'homme]] [[fy:Universele Ferklearring fan de Rjochten fan de Minske]] [[it:Dichiarazione Universale dei Diritti dell'Uomo]] [[he:ההכרזה לכל באי עולם בדבר זכויות האדם]] [[minnan:Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân]] [[nl:Universele Verklaring van de Rechten van de Mens]] [[no:Menneskerettighetserklæringen]] [[pl:Powszechna Deklaracja Praw Człowieka]] [[pt:Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos]] [[ro:Declaraţia Universală a Drepturilor Omului]] [[ru:Декларация прав человека]] [[zh:世界人权宣言]] 4587 2005-06-27T11:54:45Z 80.57.56.162 +bm [[category:lisangá]] * [[Demokrasi]] * [[Politiki]] '''Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto''' == Maloba ya yambo == Na botalaka ‘te kondima limemya ya bato nyonso ya molongo pe makoki ma bango oyo ezali ndenge moko pe bakoki kopimela moto te ezali tina ya bonsomi, bosembo pe kimpa kati ya molongo.Na botalaka ‘te komona pamba pe koboya kotosa esengeli ya moto ebatelama na bokonzi ya bosembo po te, na sima yango, moto akoma na botombiki esongo na minyokoli te, Na botalaka ‘te esengeli kolendisa boyokani na kati ya bikolo, Na botalaka ‘te na kati ya Mokanda ya Mibeko ya Lisanga ya Bikolo ya Molongo, bato ya molongo bayebisi lisusu lolenge bandimi maloki ya tina yo moto, limemya pe lokumu ya moto, bokokani ya makoki ya basi pe mibali pe na botalaka ‘te bango bayebisi ‘te bazwi mokano ya kobongisa ezaleli ya moto pe kosala ‘te moto azwa bomoi malamu penza na kati ya bonsomi ya monene penza, Na botalaka ‘te kozala bato nyonso na makanisi ndenge moko po na makoki pe bonsomi yango, ezali na tina monene po ‘te oyo bakani elonga, Likita monene ezali koyebisa Lisakoli ya molongo oyo ya makoki ya moto lokola eloko oyo bato pe bikolo nyonso balingi babwa, po te bato pe mangomba nyonso, na bobatelaka tango nyonso Lisakoli yango na moteme, basala makasi na boteyi pe bokolisi bwanya, po ‘te makoki pe bonsomi yango etosama pe basala ‘te bandima pe basalela yango na bosolo penza na molongo mobimba, ezala na kati ya bato ya Bikolo ya Lisanga bango moko to na kati ya ekolo pe molongo mobimba. ==Eténi yambo (1)== Bato nyonso na mbotama bazali nzomi pe bakokani na limemya pe makoki. Bazali na mayele pe base, geli kofanda na bondeko okati na bango. ==Eténi ya 2== Moto nyonso azali na makoki pe bonsomi nyonso oyo elimbolami na kati ya Lisakoli oyo, bokeseni ata moke te, na mambi matali loposo ya nzoto, bomwasi to bobali, lokota, lingomba ya nzambe, makanisi ya politiki to ya ndenge mosusu, ekolo to longomba ya bato, bokulaka, mbotama to makambo mosusu. Epai mosusu, na botalaka eloko ya moto, epikisami kosala bokeseni na mambi matali mibeko ya politiki, mibeko ya bosambisi to ya boyokani na mikili mosusu, ezala ekolo to mabele ya nsomi to oyo eyangelemani na bauta, to oyo ezwi bonsomi ya sikisiki te. ==Eténi ya 3== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kozala na bomoi, a kozala somi pe kozala motema sei na bomoto na ye. ==Eténi ya 4== Moto ata moke te asengeli kozala moumbu; boumbu pe boteki baumbu epikisami na ndenge nyonso. ==Eténi ya 5== Moto ata moke te asengeli konyokama pe kosalelama makambo ya bonyama pe oyo ezanga bomoto na lokumu. ==Eténi ya 6== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te bayeba makoki na ye bipai nyonso. ==Eténi ya 7== Bato nyonso bakokani liboso ya mobeko pe bazali na likoki ya kobatelama na mobeko se ndenge moko. Banso bazali na likoki ya kobatelama se ndenge moko esongo na bikela nyonso ya bokesenisi elongobani te na Lisakoli oyo pe esengo na bikela nyonso oyo ekobota bokesenisi yango. ==Eténi ya 8== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya koluka lisalisi ya solo penza na liboso ya mangomba ya bosambisi ya ekolo oyo ezali na bwanya esongo na bikela oyo ekotangola maloki ya tina endimami na mibeko po na ye. ==Eténi ya 9== Moto moko te akoki kokangama to kobengisama tina te. ==Eténi ya 10== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te likambo na ye lokola ya bato nyonso, essambisama na bosembo pe na miso ya bato nyonso na esambiselo ya somi pe ya epai moko te, oyo ekozwa mikano engebene na makoki pe masenginia ye to engebene na bosolo ya likambo ye afundami. ==Eténi ya 11== Moto nyonso oyo afundami na likambo azali naino maboko pembe tee tango bakotatola engebene na mobeko, mabe ye asali, na libanza oyo ekosalama na miso ya bato nyonso, epai wapi manso esengeli kosalama po te mofundami azwa na ye. Moto ata moko te asengeli kozwa etumbu po na makambo to botiki oyo, tango esalamaki, ezalikaki naino mbeba te, engebene na mibeko ya ekolo to ya molongo. So lolenge yango, bakoki te kopesa moto etumbu koleka oyo ezalaka kopesama na tango likambo esalamaki. ==Eténi ya 12== Moto ata moko te akoki kokota pamba na makambo etali ezaleli, libota, ndako pe mikanda ya ngana to pe kobebisa lokumu na ye. Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kobatelama na mobeko esongo na bikota-kota yango. ==Eténi ya 13== Moto nyonso azali na makoki ya kotambola ndenge alingi pe kopona esika ya kovanda kati ya ekolo. Moto nyonso azali na makoki ya kotika ekolo nyonso ata ya ye moko po na kokenda na ekolo mosusu; ye akoki pe kozonga na ekolo na ye. ==Eténi ya 14== Na liboso ya monyokoli, moto nyonso azali na likoki ya koluka pe kozwa esika ya kobomba nzoto na bikolo mosusu. Likoki yango likopesama te na moto afundami na likambo ya makasi to na bikela oyo elongombani te na mibeko ya Linsaga ya Bikolo ya Molongo. ==Eténi ya 15== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya koyebana mosi-ekolo. Bakoki te kopimela moto likoki ya kozala mosi-ekolo to ya kokoma moto ya ekolo mosusu. ==Eténi ya 16== Soki mobu ya kobalana ekoki, mobali pe mwasi bakoki kokwelana pe kotonga libota pe masimbisi ezala te na makambo etali loposo, ekolo to longomba ya nzambe. Bango bazali na makoki se ndenge moko na makambo etali makwela, ezala tango ya makwela to tango ya bokabwani. Libala ekoki kosalama se soki mwasi na mobali bango mei bandimi na motema moko. Libala ezali longomba ya tina po na bato pe ezali na likoki ya kobatelama na bato pe Leta. ==Eténi ya 17== Moto nyonso azala ye moko to na kati ya lisanga, azali na likoki ya mokolo-ekolo. Bakoki ata moke te kopimela to kobotola moto eloko na ye soki tina ezali te. ==Eténi ya 18== Moto nyonso azali na likoki, ya kozala na makanisi na ye, mayele na ye ya motema pe lingomba na ye ya nzambe; likoki yango ekopesa ye ndingisa ya kopona lingomba ya nzambe to kobongola makanisi na ye, ye moko to elongo na baninga, ezala na miso ya bato ya mei; na boteyi, na bikela, na bokumisi nzambe pe milulu. ==Eténi ya 19== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya bokanisi pe bolobi; yango ekopesa ye ndingisa ya kozala na bomo na motema te likolo ya makanisi na ye ndingisa ya koluka, kozwa pe kopanza mayebisi na makanisi esika na esika, na ndenge alingi koyebisa yango. ==Eténi ya 20== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kozala na likita pe lingomba oyo ezali na kinya. Ekoki te kosengama na makasi te moto akota na lingomba. ==Eténi ya 21== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kotia maboko na bokambi misala ya ekolo na ye ezala ye moko to na batoma ye moko aponi. Moto nyonso azali na likoki, lokola baninga nyonso ya kosala misala ya Leta. Bolingi yango esengeli komonana na maponi ya sembo oyo esengeli kosalama mbala na mbala, na liponeli ya bato nyonso pe na boponi ya Lingomba to na ndenge mosusu ekokani na yango pe ekosala ‘te bato bapona na bonsomi nyonso. ==Eténi ya 22== Moto nyonso, lokola azali moko ya lingomba, azali na likoki ya kozwa lisalisi ya esalelo-lisungi, oyo ezali na ndingisa ya kopesa moto makoki ya ye ya mosolo, ya bomoi pe ezaleli, po na lokumu pe bokoli malamu ya bomoto na ye, na lisalisi ya bokasi ya ekolo pe ya boyokani ya mikili na mikili, engebene na mwango pe bokulaka ya ekolo na ekolo. ==Eténi ya 23== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kozwa mosala, ya kopona mosala ye alingi, na ndenge ya sembo elongobani na mosala, pe basengeli kobatela ya esongo na bosomele. Bato nyonso bazali na likoki, bokeseni ata te, ya kozwa lifuta ekokani po na mosala ekokani. Moto nyonso akosala, azali na likoki ya kozwa lifuta ya sembo pe elongobani, oyo ekosala te ye na libota na ye bazwa bomoi elongobani na lokumu ya moto, pe ekoki kobongisama lisusu na ndenge nyonso ya bobateli bomoi. Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kokela basendika elongo na baninga pe kokota na basendika po na kokengela maloki na ye. ==Eténi ya 24== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya bopemisi pe bopemisi nzoto, mingi ya bozwui eleko ya sembo ya boumeli na mosala pe na bozwi lifuta na bakonzi ya mbala na mbala. ==Eténi ya 25== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kobikela na ndenge elongobani po ‘te azwa bokolongonu, bozala malamu ya ye pe ya libota na ye epusi na makambo etali kolia, kolata, kovanda, kosalisa nzoto pe kosungama na ndenge esengeli; ye azali na likoki ya kosalisama na tango ya bosemele, bokono, bosele, bozenge, bobange to na tango mosusu ye akozanga mosolo ya kobikela na sima ya makambo esalami na bolinga na ye te. Bomama pe bomwana ezali na likoki ya kosungama na ndenge elongobani. Mwana nyonso abotama kati ya makwela to na libanda asengeli kobatelama to ndenge moko. ==Eténi ya 26== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya bokolisi bwanya pe mayele. Mateya esengeli kopesama pamba, mosolo te, ata na bakelasi ya mabandela. Mateya ya mabandela esengeni kopesama na moto nyonso. Mateya ya tekiniki pe ya mosala esengeli kopesama bipai nyonso; eposa ya kozwa mateya ya kelasi ya minene esengeli kopesama na bato nyonso, se ndenge moko, engebene na mayele na bango. Bokolisi bwanya pe mayele esengeli kosala te moto akola na ndenge nyonso pe atosa malamu penza makoki pe bonsomi ya tina na moto. Yango esengeli komema boyokani, boboto, bolingo kati ya bikolo pe mangomba ya bato oyo loposo pe boyambi ekeseni; yango pe esengeli kobongisa misala ya Lisanga ya Bikolo ya Molongo po na bobateli kimya. Baboti bazali na likoki ya yambo, ya boponi ndenge ya mateya esengeli kopesama na bana na bango. ==Eténi ya 27== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kotia maboko ndenge alingi na misala ya bokolisi bwanyaya lingomba, kopesela na nkoti, pe kotia maboko na botomboli zebi pe bolamu ya yango. Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te matomba ya misala ya ye ya zebi, ya bokomi pe ya nkoti ebatelama. ==Eténi ya 28== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te kati ya bato pe bikolo, nyonso ebonga po te makoki pe bonsomi oyo ekomami kati ya Lisakoli oyo elonga. ==Eténi ya 29== Moto azali na mikumba epai ya lingomba oyo ekopesa ye eposa ya bokolisi bomoto na ye na ndenge elongobani. Moto nyonso, na botalaka makoki pe bonsomi na ye, asengeli kosala se mikumba oyo eyebani na mobeko se po ‘te bayeba pe bakumisa maloki pe bonsomi ya baninga, pe po na kotosa mibeko ya sembo ya ezalela kinya ya bato pe bozali malamu kati ya lingomba ya boyangeli lisanga. Makoki pe bonsomi yango ekoki, ata moke te, kozala esongo na masengi ya Lisanga ya Bikolo ya Molongo. ==Eténi ya 30== Mobeko ata moko te ya Lisanga oyo ekoki kozala po na Leta, na lisanga ya bato, to na moto, likoki ya kosala likambo oyo ekonyata makoki pe bonsomi awa. [[bm:Hadamaden josiraw dantigɛkan]] [[cs:Všeobecná deklarace lidských práv]] [[de:Allgemeine Erklärung der Menschenrechte]] [[en:Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] [[es:Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos]] [[eo:Universala Deklaracio de Homaj Rajtoj]] [[fr:Déclaration universelle des droits de l'homme]] [[fy:Universele Ferklearring fan de Rjochten fan de Minske]] [[it:Dichiarazione Universale dei Diritti dell'Uomo]] [[he:ההכרזה לכל באי עולם בדבר זכויות האדם]] [[minnan:Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân]] [[nl:Universele Verklaring van de Rechten van de Mens]] [[no:Menneskerettighetserklæringen]] [[pl:Powszechna Deklaracja Praw Człowieka]] [[pt:Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos]] [[ro:Declaraţia Universală a Drepturilor Omului]] [[ru:Декларация прав человека]] [[zh:世界人权宣言]] 6316 2005-09-27T08:58:21Z 131.111.8.101 ca: da: nn: sc: sk: fix fr: it: [[category:lisangá]] * [[Demokrasi]] * [[Politiki]] '''Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto''' == Maloba ya yambo == Na botalaka ‘te kondima limemya ya bato nyonso ya molongo pe makoki ma bango oyo ezali ndenge moko pe bakoki kopimela moto te ezali tina ya bonsomi, bosembo pe kimpa kati ya molongo.Na botalaka ‘te komona pamba pe koboya kotosa esengeli ya moto ebatelama na bokonzi ya bosembo po te, na sima yango, moto akoma na botombiki esongo na minyokoli te, Na botalaka ‘te esengeli kolendisa boyokani na kati ya bikolo, Na botalaka ‘te na kati ya Mokanda ya Mibeko ya Lisanga ya Bikolo ya Molongo, bato ya molongo bayebisi lisusu lolenge bandimi maloki ya tina yo moto, limemya pe lokumu ya moto, bokokani ya makoki ya basi pe mibali pe na botalaka ‘te bango bayebisi ‘te bazwi mokano ya kobongisa ezaleli ya moto pe kosala ‘te moto azwa bomoi malamu penza na kati ya bonsomi ya monene penza, Na botalaka ‘te kozala bato nyonso na makanisi ndenge moko po na makoki pe bonsomi yango, ezali na tina monene po ‘te oyo bakani elonga, Likita monene ezali koyebisa Lisakoli ya molongo oyo ya makoki ya moto lokola eloko oyo bato pe bikolo nyonso balingi babwa, po te bato pe mangomba nyonso, na bobatelaka tango nyonso Lisakoli yango na moteme, basala makasi na boteyi pe bokolisi bwanya, po ‘te makoki pe bonsomi yango etosama pe basala ‘te bandima pe basalela yango na bosolo penza na molongo mobimba, ezala na kati ya bato ya Bikolo ya Lisanga bango moko to na kati ya ekolo pe molongo mobimba. ==Eténi yambo (1)== Bato nyonso na mbotama bazali nzomi pe bakokani na limemya pe makoki. Bazali na mayele pe base, geli kofanda na bondeko okati na bango. ==Eténi ya 2== Moto nyonso azali na makoki pe bonsomi nyonso oyo elimbolami na kati ya Lisakoli oyo, bokeseni ata moke te, na mambi matali loposo ya nzoto, bomwasi to bobali, lokota, lingomba ya nzambe, makanisi ya politiki to ya ndenge mosusu, ekolo to longomba ya bato, bokulaka, mbotama to makambo mosusu. Epai mosusu, na botalaka eloko ya moto, epikisami kosala bokeseni na mambi matali mibeko ya politiki, mibeko ya bosambisi to ya boyokani na mikili mosusu, ezala ekolo to mabele ya nsomi to oyo eyangelemani na bauta, to oyo ezwi bonsomi ya sikisiki te. ==Eténi ya 3== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kozala na bomoi, a kozala somi pe kozala motema sei na bomoto na ye. ==Eténi ya 4== Moto ata moke te asengeli kozala moumbu; boumbu pe boteki baumbu epikisami na ndenge nyonso. ==Eténi ya 5== Moto ata moke te asengeli konyokama pe kosalelama makambo ya bonyama pe oyo ezanga bomoto na lokumu. ==Eténi ya 6== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te bayeba makoki na ye bipai nyonso. ==Eténi ya 7== Bato nyonso bakokani liboso ya mobeko pe bazali na likoki ya kobatelama na mobeko se ndenge moko. Banso bazali na likoki ya kobatelama se ndenge moko esongo na bikela nyonso ya bokesenisi elongobani te na Lisakoli oyo pe esengo na bikela nyonso oyo ekobota bokesenisi yango. ==Eténi ya 8== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya koluka lisalisi ya solo penza na liboso ya mangomba ya bosambisi ya ekolo oyo ezali na bwanya esongo na bikela oyo ekotangola maloki ya tina endimami na mibeko po na ye. ==Eténi ya 9== Moto moko te akoki kokangama to kobengisama tina te. ==Eténi ya 10== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te likambo na ye lokola ya bato nyonso, essambisama na bosembo pe na miso ya bato nyonso na esambiselo ya somi pe ya epai moko te, oyo ekozwa mikano engebene na makoki pe masenginia ye to engebene na bosolo ya likambo ye afundami. ==Eténi ya 11== Moto nyonso oyo afundami na likambo azali naino maboko pembe tee tango bakotatola engebene na mobeko, mabe ye asali, na libanza oyo ekosalama na miso ya bato nyonso, epai wapi manso esengeli kosalama po te mofundami azwa na ye. Moto ata moko te asengeli kozwa etumbu po na makambo to botiki oyo, tango esalamaki, ezalikaki naino mbeba te, engebene na mibeko ya ekolo to ya molongo. So lolenge yango, bakoki te kopesa moto etumbu koleka oyo ezalaka kopesama na tango likambo esalamaki. ==Eténi ya 12== Moto ata moko te akoki kokota pamba na makambo etali ezaleli, libota, ndako pe mikanda ya ngana to pe kobebisa lokumu na ye. Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kobatelama na mobeko esongo na bikota-kota yango. ==Eténi ya 13== Moto nyonso azali na makoki ya kotambola ndenge alingi pe kopona esika ya kovanda kati ya ekolo. Moto nyonso azali na makoki ya kotika ekolo nyonso ata ya ye moko po na kokenda na ekolo mosusu; ye akoki pe kozonga na ekolo na ye. ==Eténi ya 14== Na liboso ya monyokoli, moto nyonso azali na likoki ya koluka pe kozwa esika ya kobomba nzoto na bikolo mosusu. Likoki yango likopesama te na moto afundami na likambo ya makasi to na bikela oyo elongombani te na mibeko ya Linsaga ya Bikolo ya Molongo. ==Eténi ya 15== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya koyebana mosi-ekolo. Bakoki te kopimela moto likoki ya kozala mosi-ekolo to ya kokoma moto ya ekolo mosusu. ==Eténi ya 16== Soki mobu ya kobalana ekoki, mobali pe mwasi bakoki kokwelana pe kotonga libota pe masimbisi ezala te na makambo etali loposo, ekolo to longomba ya nzambe. Bango bazali na makoki se ndenge moko na makambo etali makwela, ezala tango ya makwela to tango ya bokabwani. Libala ekoki kosalama se soki mwasi na mobali bango mei bandimi na motema moko. Libala ezali longomba ya tina po na bato pe ezali na likoki ya kobatelama na bato pe Leta. ==Eténi ya 17== Moto nyonso azala ye moko to na kati ya lisanga, azali na likoki ya mokolo-ekolo. Bakoki ata moke te kopimela to kobotola moto eloko na ye soki tina ezali te. ==Eténi ya 18== Moto nyonso azali na likoki, ya kozala na makanisi na ye, mayele na ye ya motema pe lingomba na ye ya nzambe; likoki yango ekopesa ye ndingisa ya kopona lingomba ya nzambe to kobongola makanisi na ye, ye moko to elongo na baninga, ezala na miso ya bato ya mei; na boteyi, na bikela, na bokumisi nzambe pe milulu. ==Eténi ya 19== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya bokanisi pe bolobi; yango ekopesa ye ndingisa ya kozala na bomo na motema te likolo ya makanisi na ye ndingisa ya koluka, kozwa pe kopanza mayebisi na makanisi esika na esika, na ndenge alingi koyebisa yango. ==Eténi ya 20== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kozala na likita pe lingomba oyo ezali na kinya. Ekoki te kosengama na makasi te moto akota na lingomba. ==Eténi ya 21== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kotia maboko na bokambi misala ya ekolo na ye ezala ye moko to na batoma ye moko aponi. Moto nyonso azali na likoki, lokola baninga nyonso ya kosala misala ya Leta. Bolingi yango esengeli komonana na maponi ya sembo oyo esengeli kosalama mbala na mbala, na liponeli ya bato nyonso pe na boponi ya Lingomba to na ndenge mosusu ekokani na yango pe ekosala ‘te bato bapona na bonsomi nyonso. ==Eténi ya 22== Moto nyonso, lokola azali moko ya lingomba, azali na likoki ya kozwa lisalisi ya esalelo-lisungi, oyo ezali na ndingisa ya kopesa moto makoki ya ye ya mosolo, ya bomoi pe ezaleli, po na lokumu pe bokoli malamu ya bomoto na ye, na lisalisi ya bokasi ya ekolo pe ya boyokani ya mikili na mikili, engebene na mwango pe bokulaka ya ekolo na ekolo. ==Eténi ya 23== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kozwa mosala, ya kopona mosala ye alingi, na ndenge ya sembo elongobani na mosala, pe basengeli kobatela ya esongo na bosomele. Bato nyonso bazali na likoki, bokeseni ata te, ya kozwa lifuta ekokani po na mosala ekokani. Moto nyonso akosala, azali na likoki ya kozwa lifuta ya sembo pe elongobani, oyo ekosala te ye na libota na ye bazwa bomoi elongobani na lokumu ya moto, pe ekoki kobongisama lisusu na ndenge nyonso ya bobateli bomoi. Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kokela basendika elongo na baninga pe kokota na basendika po na kokengela maloki na ye. ==Eténi ya 24== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya bopemisi pe bopemisi nzoto, mingi ya bozwui eleko ya sembo ya boumeli na mosala pe na bozwi lifuta na bakonzi ya mbala na mbala. ==Eténi ya 25== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kobikela na ndenge elongobani po ‘te azwa bokolongonu, bozala malamu ya ye pe ya libota na ye epusi na makambo etali kolia, kolata, kovanda, kosalisa nzoto pe kosungama na ndenge esengeli; ye azali na likoki ya kosalisama na tango ya bosemele, bokono, bosele, bozenge, bobange to na tango mosusu ye akozanga mosolo ya kobikela na sima ya makambo esalami na bolinga na ye te. Bomama pe bomwana ezali na likoki ya kosungama na ndenge elongobani. Mwana nyonso abotama kati ya makwela to na libanda asengeli kobatelama to ndenge moko. ==Eténi ya 26== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya bokolisi bwanya pe mayele. Mateya esengeli kopesama pamba, mosolo te, ata na bakelasi ya mabandela. Mateya ya mabandela esengeni kopesama na moto nyonso. Mateya ya tekiniki pe ya mosala esengeli kopesama bipai nyonso; eposa ya kozwa mateya ya kelasi ya minene esengeli kopesama na bato nyonso, se ndenge moko, engebene na mayele na bango. Bokolisi bwanya pe mayele esengeli kosala te moto akola na ndenge nyonso pe atosa malamu penza makoki pe bonsomi ya tina na moto. Yango esengeli komema boyokani, boboto, bolingo kati ya bikolo pe mangomba ya bato oyo loposo pe boyambi ekeseni; yango pe esengeli kobongisa misala ya Lisanga ya Bikolo ya Molongo po na bobateli kimya. Baboti bazali na likoki ya yambo, ya boponi ndenge ya mateya esengeli kopesama na bana na bango. ==Eténi ya 27== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kotia maboko ndenge alingi na misala ya bokolisi bwanyaya lingomba, kopesela na nkoti, pe kotia maboko na botomboli zebi pe bolamu ya yango. Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te matomba ya misala ya ye ya zebi, ya bokomi pe ya nkoti ebatelama. ==Eténi ya 28== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te kati ya bato pe bikolo, nyonso ebonga po te makoki pe bonsomi oyo ekomami kati ya Lisakoli oyo elonga. ==Eténi ya 29== Moto azali na mikumba epai ya lingomba oyo ekopesa ye eposa ya bokolisi bomoto na ye na ndenge elongobani. Moto nyonso, na botalaka makoki pe bonsomi na ye, asengeli kosala se mikumba oyo eyebani na mobeko se po ‘te bayeba pe bakumisa maloki pe bonsomi ya baninga, pe po na kotosa mibeko ya sembo ya ezalela kinya ya bato pe bozali malamu kati ya lingomba ya boyangeli lisanga. Makoki pe bonsomi yango ekoki, ata moke te, kozala esongo na masengi ya Lisanga ya Bikolo ya Molongo. ==Eténi ya 30== Mobeko ata moko te ya Lisanga oyo ekoki kozala po na Leta, na lisanga ya bato, to na moto, likoki ya kosala likambo oyo ekonyata makoki pe bonsomi awa. [[bm:Hadamaden josiraw dantigɛkan]] [[ca:Declaració Universal dels Drets Humans]] [[cs:Všeobecná deklarace lidských práv]] [[da:Menneskerettighedserklæringen]] [[de:Allgemeine Erklärung der Menschenrechte]] [[en:Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] [[es:Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos]] [[eo:Universala Deklaracio de Homaj Rajtoj]] [[fr:Déclaration universelle des Droits de l'Homme]] [[fy:Universele Ferklearring fan de Rjochten fan de Minske]] [[he:ההכרזה לכל באי עולם בדבר זכויות האדם]] [[it:Dichiarazione universale dei diritti dell'uomo]] [[minnan:Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân]] [[nl:Universele Verklaring van de Rechten van de Mens]] [[nn:Menneskerettsfråsegna]] [[no:Menneskerettighetserklæringen]] [[pl:Powszechna Deklaracja Praw Człowieka]] [[pt:Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos]] [[ro:Declaraţia Universală a Drepturilor Omului]] [[ru:Декларация прав человека]] [[sc:Decraratzione Universale de sos Deretos de s'Òmine]] [[sk:Všeobecná deklarácia ľudských práv]] [[zh:世界人权宣言]] 7698 2006-02-07T13:50:37Z Bombo 12 cat [[category:lisangá]] [[category:politiki]] [[category:leta]] * [[Demokrasi]] * [[Politiki]] '''Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto''' == Maloba ya yambo == Na botalaka ‘te kondima limemya ya bato nyonso ya molongo pe makoki ma bango oyo ezali ndenge moko pe bakoki kopimela moto te ezali tina ya bonsomi, bosembo pe kimpa kati ya molongo.Na botalaka ‘te komona pamba pe koboya kotosa esengeli ya moto ebatelama na bokonzi ya bosembo po te, na sima yango, moto akoma na botombiki esongo na minyokoli te, Na botalaka ‘te esengeli kolendisa boyokani na kati ya bikolo, Na botalaka ‘te na kati ya Mokanda ya Mibeko ya Lisanga ya Bikolo ya Molongo, bato ya molongo bayebisi lisusu lolenge bandimi maloki ya tina yo moto, limemya pe lokumu ya moto, bokokani ya makoki ya basi pe mibali pe na botalaka ‘te bango bayebisi ‘te bazwi mokano ya kobongisa ezaleli ya moto pe kosala ‘te moto azwa bomoi malamu penza na kati ya bonsomi ya monene penza, Na botalaka ‘te kozala bato nyonso na makanisi ndenge moko po na makoki pe bonsomi yango, ezali na tina monene po ‘te oyo bakani elonga, Likita monene ezali koyebisa Lisakoli ya molongo oyo ya makoki ya moto lokola eloko oyo bato pe bikolo nyonso balingi babwa, po te bato pe mangomba nyonso, na bobatelaka tango nyonso Lisakoli yango na moteme, basala makasi na boteyi pe bokolisi bwanya, po ‘te makoki pe bonsomi yango etosama pe basala ‘te bandima pe basalela yango na bosolo penza na molongo mobimba, ezala na kati ya bato ya Bikolo ya Lisanga bango moko to na kati ya ekolo pe molongo mobimba. ==Eténi yambo (1)== Bato nyonso na mbotama bazali nzomi pe bakokani na limemya pe makoki. Bazali na mayele pe base, geli kofanda na bondeko okati na bango. ==Eténi ya 2== Moto nyonso azali na makoki pe bonsomi nyonso oyo elimbolami na kati ya Lisakoli oyo, bokeseni ata moke te, na mambi matali loposo ya nzoto, bomwasi to bobali, lokota, lingomba ya nzambe, makanisi ya politiki to ya ndenge mosusu, ekolo to longomba ya bato, bokulaka, mbotama to makambo mosusu. Epai mosusu, na botalaka eloko ya moto, epikisami kosala bokeseni na mambi matali mibeko ya politiki, mibeko ya bosambisi to ya boyokani na mikili mosusu, ezala ekolo to mabele ya nsomi to oyo eyangelemani na bauta, to oyo ezwi bonsomi ya sikisiki te. ==Eténi ya 3== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kozala na bomoi, a kozala somi pe kozala motema sei na bomoto na ye. ==Eténi ya 4== Moto ata moke te asengeli kozala moumbu; boumbu pe boteki baumbu epikisami na ndenge nyonso. ==Eténi ya 5== Moto ata moke te asengeli konyokama pe kosalelama makambo ya bonyama pe oyo ezanga bomoto na lokumu. ==Eténi ya 6== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te bayeba makoki na ye bipai nyonso. ==Eténi ya 7== Bato nyonso bakokani liboso ya mobeko pe bazali na likoki ya kobatelama na mobeko se ndenge moko. Banso bazali na likoki ya kobatelama se ndenge moko esongo na bikela nyonso ya bokesenisi elongobani te na Lisakoli oyo pe esengo na bikela nyonso oyo ekobota bokesenisi yango. ==Eténi ya 8== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya koluka lisalisi ya solo penza na liboso ya mangomba ya bosambisi ya ekolo oyo ezali na bwanya esongo na bikela oyo ekotangola maloki ya tina endimami na mibeko po na ye. ==Eténi ya 9== Moto moko te akoki kokangama to kobengisama tina te. ==Eténi ya 10== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te likambo na ye lokola ya bato nyonso, essambisama na bosembo pe na miso ya bato nyonso na esambiselo ya somi pe ya epai moko te, oyo ekozwa mikano engebene na makoki pe masenginia ye to engebene na bosolo ya likambo ye afundami. ==Eténi ya 11== Moto nyonso oyo afundami na likambo azali naino maboko pembe tee tango bakotatola engebene na mobeko, mabe ye asali, na libanza oyo ekosalama na miso ya bato nyonso, epai wapi manso esengeli kosalama po te mofundami azwa na ye. Moto ata moko te asengeli kozwa etumbu po na makambo to botiki oyo, tango esalamaki, ezalikaki naino mbeba te, engebene na mibeko ya ekolo to ya molongo. So lolenge yango, bakoki te kopesa moto etumbu koleka oyo ezalaka kopesama na tango likambo esalamaki. ==Eténi ya 12== Moto ata moko te akoki kokota pamba na makambo etali ezaleli, libota, ndako pe mikanda ya ngana to pe kobebisa lokumu na ye. Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kobatelama na mobeko esongo na bikota-kota yango. ==Eténi ya 13== Moto nyonso azali na makoki ya kotambola ndenge alingi pe kopona esika ya kovanda kati ya ekolo. Moto nyonso azali na makoki ya kotika ekolo nyonso ata ya ye moko po na kokenda na ekolo mosusu; ye akoki pe kozonga na ekolo na ye. ==Eténi ya 14== Na liboso ya monyokoli, moto nyonso azali na likoki ya koluka pe kozwa esika ya kobomba nzoto na bikolo mosusu. Likoki yango likopesama te na moto afundami na likambo ya makasi to na bikela oyo elongombani te na mibeko ya Linsaga ya Bikolo ya Molongo. ==Eténi ya 15== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya koyebana mosi-ekolo. Bakoki te kopimela moto likoki ya kozala mosi-ekolo to ya kokoma moto ya ekolo mosusu. ==Eténi ya 16== Soki mobu ya kobalana ekoki, mobali pe mwasi bakoki kokwelana pe kotonga libota pe masimbisi ezala te na makambo etali loposo, ekolo to longomba ya nzambe. Bango bazali na makoki se ndenge moko na makambo etali makwela, ezala tango ya makwela to tango ya bokabwani. Libala ekoki kosalama se soki mwasi na mobali bango mei bandimi na motema moko. Libala ezali longomba ya tina po na bato pe ezali na likoki ya kobatelama na bato pe Leta. ==Eténi ya 17== Moto nyonso azala ye moko to na kati ya lisanga, azali na likoki ya mokolo-ekolo. Bakoki ata moke te kopimela to kobotola moto eloko na ye soki tina ezali te. ==Eténi ya 18== Moto nyonso azali na likoki, ya kozala na makanisi na ye, mayele na ye ya motema pe lingomba na ye ya nzambe; likoki yango ekopesa ye ndingisa ya kopona lingomba ya nzambe to kobongola makanisi na ye, ye moko to elongo na baninga, ezala na miso ya bato ya mei; na boteyi, na bikela, na bokumisi nzambe pe milulu. ==Eténi ya 19== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya bokanisi pe bolobi; yango ekopesa ye ndingisa ya kozala na bomo na motema te likolo ya makanisi na ye ndingisa ya koluka, kozwa pe kopanza mayebisi na makanisi esika na esika, na ndenge alingi koyebisa yango. ==Eténi ya 20== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kozala na likita pe lingomba oyo ezali na kinya. Ekoki te kosengama na makasi te moto akota na lingomba. ==Eténi ya 21== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kotia maboko na bokambi misala ya ekolo na ye ezala ye moko to na batoma ye moko aponi. Moto nyonso azali na likoki, lokola baninga nyonso ya kosala misala ya Leta. Bolingi yango esengeli komonana na maponi ya sembo oyo esengeli kosalama mbala na mbala, na liponeli ya bato nyonso pe na boponi ya Lingomba to na ndenge mosusu ekokani na yango pe ekosala ‘te bato bapona na bonsomi nyonso. ==Eténi ya 22== Moto nyonso, lokola azali moko ya lingomba, azali na likoki ya kozwa lisalisi ya esalelo-lisungi, oyo ezali na ndingisa ya kopesa moto makoki ya ye ya mosolo, ya bomoi pe ezaleli, po na lokumu pe bokoli malamu ya bomoto na ye, na lisalisi ya bokasi ya ekolo pe ya boyokani ya mikili na mikili, engebene na mwango pe bokulaka ya ekolo na ekolo. ==Eténi ya 23== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kozwa mosala, ya kopona mosala ye alingi, na ndenge ya sembo elongobani na mosala, pe basengeli kobatela ya esongo na bosomele. Bato nyonso bazali na likoki, bokeseni ata te, ya kozwa lifuta ekokani po na mosala ekokani. Moto nyonso akosala, azali na likoki ya kozwa lifuta ya sembo pe elongobani, oyo ekosala te ye na libota na ye bazwa bomoi elongobani na lokumu ya moto, pe ekoki kobongisama lisusu na ndenge nyonso ya bobateli bomoi. Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kokela basendika elongo na baninga pe kokota na basendika po na kokengela maloki na ye. ==Eténi ya 24== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya bopemisi pe bopemisi nzoto, mingi ya bozwui eleko ya sembo ya boumeli na mosala pe na bozwi lifuta na bakonzi ya mbala na mbala. ==Eténi ya 25== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kobikela na ndenge elongobani po ‘te azwa bokolongonu, bozala malamu ya ye pe ya libota na ye epusi na makambo etali kolia, kolata, kovanda, kosalisa nzoto pe kosungama na ndenge esengeli; ye azali na likoki ya kosalisama na tango ya bosemele, bokono, bosele, bozenge, bobange to na tango mosusu ye akozanga mosolo ya kobikela na sima ya makambo esalami na bolinga na ye te. Bomama pe bomwana ezali na likoki ya kosungama na ndenge elongobani. Mwana nyonso abotama kati ya makwela to na libanda asengeli kobatelama to ndenge moko. ==Eténi ya 26== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya bokolisi bwanya pe mayele. Mateya esengeli kopesama pamba, mosolo te, ata na bakelasi ya mabandela. Mateya ya mabandela esengeni kopesama na moto nyonso. Mateya ya tekiniki pe ya mosala esengeli kopesama bipai nyonso; eposa ya kozwa mateya ya kelasi ya minene esengeli kopesama na bato nyonso, se ndenge moko, engebene na mayele na bango. Bokolisi bwanya pe mayele esengeli kosala te moto akola na ndenge nyonso pe atosa malamu penza makoki pe bonsomi ya tina na moto. Yango esengeli komema boyokani, boboto, bolingo kati ya bikolo pe mangomba ya bato oyo loposo pe boyambi ekeseni; yango pe esengeli kobongisa misala ya Lisanga ya Bikolo ya Molongo po na bobateli kimya. Baboti bazali na likoki ya yambo, ya boponi ndenge ya mateya esengeli kopesama na bana na bango. ==Eténi ya 27== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kotia maboko ndenge alingi na misala ya bokolisi bwanyaya lingomba, kopesela na nkoti, pe kotia maboko na botomboli zebi pe bolamu ya yango. Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te matomba ya misala ya ye ya zebi, ya bokomi pe ya nkoti ebatelama. ==Eténi ya 28== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te kati ya bato pe bikolo, nyonso ebonga po te makoki pe bonsomi oyo ekomami kati ya Lisakoli oyo elonga. ==Eténi ya 29== Moto azali na mikumba epai ya lingomba oyo ekopesa ye eposa ya bokolisi bomoto na ye na ndenge elongobani. Moto nyonso, na botalaka makoki pe bonsomi na ye, asengeli kosala se mikumba oyo eyebani na mobeko se po ‘te bayeba pe bakumisa maloki pe bonsomi ya baninga, pe po na kotosa mibeko ya sembo ya ezalela kinya ya bato pe bozali malamu kati ya lingomba ya boyangeli lisanga. Makoki pe bonsomi yango ekoki, ata moke te, kozala esongo na masengi ya Lisanga ya Bikolo ya Molongo. ==Eténi ya 30== Mobeko ata moko te ya Lisanga oyo ekoki kozala po na Leta, na lisanga ya bato, to na moto, likoki ya kosala likambo oyo ekonyata makoki pe bonsomi awa. [[bm:Hadamaden josiraw dantigɛkan]] [[ca:Declaració Universal dels Drets Humans]] [[cs:Všeobecná deklarace lidských práv]] [[da:Menneskerettighedserklæringen]] [[de:Allgemeine Erklärung der Menschenrechte]] [[en:Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] [[es:Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos]] [[eo:Universala Deklaracio de Homaj Rajtoj]] [[fr:Déclaration universelle des Droits de l'Homme]] [[fy:Universele Ferklearring fan de Rjochten fan de Minske]] [[he:ההכרזה לכל באי עולם בדבר זכויות האדם]] [[it:Dichiarazione universale dei diritti dell'uomo]] [[minnan:Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân]] [[nl:Universele Verklaring van de Rechten van de Mens]] [[nn:Menneskerettsfråsegna]] [[no:Menneskerettighetserklæringen]] [[pl:Powszechna Deklaracja Praw Człowieka]] [[pt:Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos]] [[ro:Declaraţia Universală a Drepturilor Omului]] [[ru:Декларация прав человека]] [[sc:Decraratzione Universale de sos Deretos de s'Òmine]] [[sk:Všeobecná deklarácia ľudských práv]] [[zh:世界人权宣言]] 7699 2006-02-07T13:51:39Z Bombo 12 /* Eténi ya 30 */ [[category:lisangá]] [[category:politiki]] [[category:leta]] * [[Demokrasi]] * [[Politiki]] '''Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto''' == Maloba ya yambo == Na botalaka ‘te kondima limemya ya bato nyonso ya molongo pe makoki ma bango oyo ezali ndenge moko pe bakoki kopimela moto te ezali tina ya bonsomi, bosembo pe kimpa kati ya molongo.Na botalaka ‘te komona pamba pe koboya kotosa esengeli ya moto ebatelama na bokonzi ya bosembo po te, na sima yango, moto akoma na botombiki esongo na minyokoli te, Na botalaka ‘te esengeli kolendisa boyokani na kati ya bikolo, Na botalaka ‘te na kati ya Mokanda ya Mibeko ya Lisanga ya Bikolo ya Molongo, bato ya molongo bayebisi lisusu lolenge bandimi maloki ya tina yo moto, limemya pe lokumu ya moto, bokokani ya makoki ya basi pe mibali pe na botalaka ‘te bango bayebisi ‘te bazwi mokano ya kobongisa ezaleli ya moto pe kosala ‘te moto azwa bomoi malamu penza na kati ya bonsomi ya monene penza, Na botalaka ‘te kozala bato nyonso na makanisi ndenge moko po na makoki pe bonsomi yango, ezali na tina monene po ‘te oyo bakani elonga, Likita monene ezali koyebisa Lisakoli ya molongo oyo ya makoki ya moto lokola eloko oyo bato pe bikolo nyonso balingi babwa, po te bato pe mangomba nyonso, na bobatelaka tango nyonso Lisakoli yango na moteme, basala makasi na boteyi pe bokolisi bwanya, po ‘te makoki pe bonsomi yango etosama pe basala ‘te bandima pe basalela yango na bosolo penza na molongo mobimba, ezala na kati ya bato ya Bikolo ya Lisanga bango moko to na kati ya ekolo pe molongo mobimba. ==Eténi yambo (1)== Bato nyonso na mbotama bazali nzomi pe bakokani na limemya pe makoki. Bazali na mayele pe base, geli kofanda na bondeko okati na bango. ==Eténi ya 2== Moto nyonso azali na makoki pe bonsomi nyonso oyo elimbolami na kati ya Lisakoli oyo, bokeseni ata moke te, na mambi matali loposo ya nzoto, bomwasi to bobali, lokota, lingomba ya nzambe, makanisi ya politiki to ya ndenge mosusu, ekolo to longomba ya bato, bokulaka, mbotama to makambo mosusu. Epai mosusu, na botalaka eloko ya moto, epikisami kosala bokeseni na mambi matali mibeko ya politiki, mibeko ya bosambisi to ya boyokani na mikili mosusu, ezala ekolo to mabele ya nsomi to oyo eyangelemani na bauta, to oyo ezwi bonsomi ya sikisiki te. ==Eténi ya 3== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kozala na bomoi, a kozala somi pe kozala motema sei na bomoto na ye. ==Eténi ya 4== Moto ata moke te asengeli kozala moumbu; boumbu pe boteki baumbu epikisami na ndenge nyonso. ==Eténi ya 5== Moto ata moke te asengeli konyokama pe kosalelama makambo ya bonyama pe oyo ezanga bomoto na lokumu. ==Eténi ya 6== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te bayeba makoki na ye bipai nyonso. ==Eténi ya 7== Bato nyonso bakokani liboso ya mobeko pe bazali na likoki ya kobatelama na mobeko se ndenge moko. Banso bazali na likoki ya kobatelama se ndenge moko esongo na bikela nyonso ya bokesenisi elongobani te na Lisakoli oyo pe esengo na bikela nyonso oyo ekobota bokesenisi yango. ==Eténi ya 8== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya koluka lisalisi ya solo penza na liboso ya mangomba ya bosambisi ya ekolo oyo ezali na bwanya esongo na bikela oyo ekotangola maloki ya tina endimami na mibeko po na ye. ==Eténi ya 9== Moto moko te akoki kokangama to kobengisama tina te. ==Eténi ya 10== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te likambo na ye lokola ya bato nyonso, essambisama na bosembo pe na miso ya bato nyonso na esambiselo ya somi pe ya epai moko te, oyo ekozwa mikano engebene na makoki pe masenginia ye to engebene na bosolo ya likambo ye afundami. ==Eténi ya 11== Moto nyonso oyo afundami na likambo azali naino maboko pembe tee tango bakotatola engebene na mobeko, mabe ye asali, na libanza oyo ekosalama na miso ya bato nyonso, epai wapi manso esengeli kosalama po te mofundami azwa na ye. Moto ata moko te asengeli kozwa etumbu po na makambo to botiki oyo, tango esalamaki, ezalikaki naino mbeba te, engebene na mibeko ya ekolo to ya molongo. So lolenge yango, bakoki te kopesa moto etumbu koleka oyo ezalaka kopesama na tango likambo esalamaki. ==Eténi ya 12== Moto ata moko te akoki kokota pamba na makambo etali ezaleli, libota, ndako pe mikanda ya ngana to pe kobebisa lokumu na ye. Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kobatelama na mobeko esongo na bikota-kota yango. ==Eténi ya 13== Moto nyonso azali na makoki ya kotambola ndenge alingi pe kopona esika ya kovanda kati ya ekolo. Moto nyonso azali na makoki ya kotika ekolo nyonso ata ya ye moko po na kokenda na ekolo mosusu; ye akoki pe kozonga na ekolo na ye. ==Eténi ya 14== Na liboso ya monyokoli, moto nyonso azali na likoki ya koluka pe kozwa esika ya kobomba nzoto na bikolo mosusu. Likoki yango likopesama te na moto afundami na likambo ya makasi to na bikela oyo elongombani te na mibeko ya Linsaga ya Bikolo ya Molongo. ==Eténi ya 15== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya koyebana mosi-ekolo. Bakoki te kopimela moto likoki ya kozala mosi-ekolo to ya kokoma moto ya ekolo mosusu. ==Eténi ya 16== Soki mobu ya kobalana ekoki, mobali pe mwasi bakoki kokwelana pe kotonga libota pe masimbisi ezala te na makambo etali loposo, ekolo to longomba ya nzambe. Bango bazali na makoki se ndenge moko na makambo etali makwela, ezala tango ya makwela to tango ya bokabwani. Libala ekoki kosalama se soki mwasi na mobali bango mei bandimi na motema moko. Libala ezali longomba ya tina po na bato pe ezali na likoki ya kobatelama na bato pe Leta. ==Eténi ya 17== Moto nyonso azala ye moko to na kati ya lisanga, azali na likoki ya mokolo-ekolo. Bakoki ata moke te kopimela to kobotola moto eloko na ye soki tina ezali te. ==Eténi ya 18== Moto nyonso azali na likoki, ya kozala na makanisi na ye, mayele na ye ya motema pe lingomba na ye ya nzambe; likoki yango ekopesa ye ndingisa ya kopona lingomba ya nzambe to kobongola makanisi na ye, ye moko to elongo na baninga, ezala na miso ya bato ya mei; na boteyi, na bikela, na bokumisi nzambe pe milulu. ==Eténi ya 19== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya bokanisi pe bolobi; yango ekopesa ye ndingisa ya kozala na bomo na motema te likolo ya makanisi na ye ndingisa ya koluka, kozwa pe kopanza mayebisi na makanisi esika na esika, na ndenge alingi koyebisa yango. ==Eténi ya 20== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kozala na likita pe lingomba oyo ezali na kinya. Ekoki te kosengama na makasi te moto akota na lingomba. ==Eténi ya 21== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kotia maboko na bokambi misala ya ekolo na ye ezala ye moko to na batoma ye moko aponi. Moto nyonso azali na likoki, lokola baninga nyonso ya kosala misala ya Leta. Bolingi yango esengeli komonana na maponi ya sembo oyo esengeli kosalama mbala na mbala, na liponeli ya bato nyonso pe na boponi ya Lingomba to na ndenge mosusu ekokani na yango pe ekosala ‘te bato bapona na bonsomi nyonso. ==Eténi ya 22== Moto nyonso, lokola azali moko ya lingomba, azali na likoki ya kozwa lisalisi ya esalelo-lisungi, oyo ezali na ndingisa ya kopesa moto makoki ya ye ya mosolo, ya bomoi pe ezaleli, po na lokumu pe bokoli malamu ya bomoto na ye, na lisalisi ya bokasi ya ekolo pe ya boyokani ya mikili na mikili, engebene na mwango pe bokulaka ya ekolo na ekolo. ==Eténi ya 23== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kozwa mosala, ya kopona mosala ye alingi, na ndenge ya sembo elongobani na mosala, pe basengeli kobatela ya esongo na bosomele. Bato nyonso bazali na likoki, bokeseni ata te, ya kozwa lifuta ekokani po na mosala ekokani. Moto nyonso akosala, azali na likoki ya kozwa lifuta ya sembo pe elongobani, oyo ekosala te ye na libota na ye bazwa bomoi elongobani na lokumu ya moto, pe ekoki kobongisama lisusu na ndenge nyonso ya bobateli bomoi. Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kokela basendika elongo na baninga pe kokota na basendika po na kokengela maloki na ye. ==Eténi ya 24== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya bopemisi pe bopemisi nzoto, mingi ya bozwui eleko ya sembo ya boumeli na mosala pe na bozwi lifuta na bakonzi ya mbala na mbala. ==Eténi ya 25== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kobikela na ndenge elongobani po ‘te azwa bokolongonu, bozala malamu ya ye pe ya libota na ye epusi na makambo etali kolia, kolata, kovanda, kosalisa nzoto pe kosungama na ndenge esengeli; ye azali na likoki ya kosalisama na tango ya bosemele, bokono, bosele, bozenge, bobange to na tango mosusu ye akozanga mosolo ya kobikela na sima ya makambo esalami na bolinga na ye te. Bomama pe bomwana ezali na likoki ya kosungama na ndenge elongobani. Mwana nyonso abotama kati ya makwela to na libanda asengeli kobatelama to ndenge moko. ==Eténi ya 26== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya bokolisi bwanya pe mayele. Mateya esengeli kopesama pamba, mosolo te, ata na bakelasi ya mabandela. Mateya ya mabandela esengeni kopesama na moto nyonso. Mateya ya tekiniki pe ya mosala esengeli kopesama bipai nyonso; eposa ya kozwa mateya ya kelasi ya minene esengeli kopesama na bato nyonso, se ndenge moko, engebene na mayele na bango. Bokolisi bwanya pe mayele esengeli kosala te moto akola na ndenge nyonso pe atosa malamu penza makoki pe bonsomi ya tina na moto. Yango esengeli komema boyokani, boboto, bolingo kati ya bikolo pe mangomba ya bato oyo loposo pe boyambi ekeseni; yango pe esengeli kobongisa misala ya Lisanga ya Bikolo ya Molongo po na bobateli kimya. Baboti bazali na likoki ya yambo, ya boponi ndenge ya mateya esengeli kopesama na bana na bango. ==Eténi ya 27== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kotia maboko ndenge alingi na misala ya bokolisi bwanyaya lingomba, kopesela na nkoti, pe kotia maboko na botomboli zebi pe bolamu ya yango. Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te matomba ya misala ya ye ya zebi, ya bokomi pe ya nkoti ebatelama. ==Eténi ya 28== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te kati ya bato pe bikolo, nyonso ebonga po te makoki pe bonsomi oyo ekomami kati ya Lisakoli oyo elonga. ==Eténi ya 29== Moto azali na mikumba epai ya lingomba oyo ekopesa ye eposa ya bokolisi bomoto na ye na ndenge elongobani. Moto nyonso, na botalaka makoki pe bonsomi na ye, asengeli kosala se mikumba oyo eyebani na mobeko se po ‘te bayeba pe bakumisa maloki pe bonsomi ya baninga, pe po na kotosa mibeko ya sembo ya ezalela kinya ya bato pe bozali malamu kati ya lingomba ya boyangeli lisanga. Makoki pe bonsomi yango ekoki, ata moke te, kozala esongo na masengi ya Lisanga ya Bikolo ya Molongo. ==Eténi ya 30== Mobeko ata moko te ya Lisanga oyo ekoki kozala po na Leta, na lisanga ya bato, to na moto, likoki ya kosala likambo oyo ekonyata makoki pe bonsomi awa. [[bm:Hadamaden josiraw dantigɛkan]] [[ca:Declaració Universal dels Drets Humans]] [[cs:Všeobecná deklarace lidských práv]] [[da:Menneskerettighedserklæringen]] [[de:Allgemeine Erklärung der Menschenrechte]] [[en:Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] [[es:Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos]] [[eo:Universala Deklaracio de Homaj Rajtoj]] [[fr:Déclaration universelle des Droits de l'Homme]] [[fy:Universele Ferklearring fan de Rjochten fan de Minske]] [[he:ההכרזה לכל באי עולם בדבר זכויות האדם]] [[it:Dichiarazione universale dei diritti dell'uomo]] [[nl:Universele Verklaring van de Rechten van de Mens]] [[nn:Menneskerettsfråsegna]] [[no:Menneskerettighetserklæringen]] [[pl:Powszechna Deklaracja Praw Człowieka]] [[pt:Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos]] [[ro:Declaraţia Universală a Drepturilor Omului]] [[ru:Декларация прав человека]] [[sc:Decraratzione Universale de sos Deretos de s'Òmine]] [[sk:Všeobecná deklarácia ľudských práv]] [[zh:世界人权宣言]] 7703 2006-02-07T14:50:48Z 145.120.1.215 /* Eténi yambo (1) */ [[category:lisangá]] [[category:politiki]] [[category:leta]] * [[Demokrasi]] * [[Politiki]] '''Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto''' == Maloba ya yambo == Na botalaka ‘te kondima limemya ya bato nyonso ya molongo pe makoki ma bango oyo ezali ndenge moko pe bakoki kopimela moto te ezali tina ya bonsomi, bosembo pe kimpa kati ya molongo.Na botalaka ‘te komona pamba pe koboya kotosa esengeli ya moto ebatelama na bokonzi ya bosembo po te, na sima yango, moto akoma na botombiki esongo na minyokoli te, Na botalaka ‘te esengeli kolendisa boyokani na kati ya bikolo, Na botalaka ‘te na kati ya Mokanda ya Mibeko ya Lisanga ya Bikolo ya Molongo, bato ya molongo bayebisi lisusu lolenge bandimi maloki ya tina yo moto, limemya pe lokumu ya moto, bokokani ya makoki ya basi pe mibali pe na botalaka ‘te bango bayebisi ‘te bazwi mokano ya kobongisa ezaleli ya moto pe kosala ‘te moto azwa bomoi malamu penza na kati ya bonsomi ya monene penza, Na botalaka ‘te kozala bato nyonso na makanisi ndenge moko po na makoki pe bonsomi yango, ezali na tina monene po ‘te oyo bakani elonga, Likita monene ezali koyebisa Lisakoli ya molongo oyo ya makoki ya moto lokola eloko oyo bato pe bikolo nyonso balingi babwa, po te bato pe mangomba nyonso, na bobatelaka tango nyonso Lisakoli yango na moteme, basala makasi na boteyi pe bokolisi bwanya, po ‘te makoki pe bonsomi yango etosama pe basala ‘te bandima pe basalela yango na bosolo penza na molongo mobimba, ezala na kati ya bato ya Bikolo ya Lisanga bango moko to na kati ya ekolo pe molongo mobimba. ==Eténi yambo (1)== Bato nyonso na mbotama bazali nzomi pe bakokani na limemya pe makoki. Bazali na mayele pe basengeli kofanda na bondeko okati na bango. ==Eténi ya 2== Moto nyonso azali na makoki pe bonsomi nyonso oyo elimbolami na kati ya Lisakoli oyo, bokeseni ata moke te, na mambi matali loposo ya nzoto, bomwasi to bobali, lokota, lingomba ya nzambe, makanisi ya politiki to ya ndenge mosusu, ekolo to longomba ya bato, bokulaka, mbotama to makambo mosusu. Epai mosusu, na botalaka eloko ya moto, epikisami kosala bokeseni na mambi matali mibeko ya politiki, mibeko ya bosambisi to ya boyokani na mikili mosusu, ezala ekolo to mabele ya nsomi to oyo eyangelemani na bauta, to oyo ezwi bonsomi ya sikisiki te. ==Eténi ya 3== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kozala na bomoi, a kozala somi pe kozala motema sei na bomoto na ye. ==Eténi ya 4== Moto ata moke te asengeli kozala moumbu; boumbu pe boteki baumbu epikisami na ndenge nyonso. ==Eténi ya 5== Moto ata moke te asengeli konyokama pe kosalelama makambo ya bonyama pe oyo ezanga bomoto na lokumu. ==Eténi ya 6== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te bayeba makoki na ye bipai nyonso. ==Eténi ya 7== Bato nyonso bakokani liboso ya mobeko pe bazali na likoki ya kobatelama na mobeko se ndenge moko. Banso bazali na likoki ya kobatelama se ndenge moko esongo na bikela nyonso ya bokesenisi elongobani te na Lisakoli oyo pe esengo na bikela nyonso oyo ekobota bokesenisi yango. ==Eténi ya 8== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya koluka lisalisi ya solo penza na liboso ya mangomba ya bosambisi ya ekolo oyo ezali na bwanya esongo na bikela oyo ekotangola maloki ya tina endimami na mibeko po na ye. ==Eténi ya 9== Moto moko te akoki kokangama to kobengisama tina te. ==Eténi ya 10== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te likambo na ye lokola ya bato nyonso, essambisama na bosembo pe na miso ya bato nyonso na esambiselo ya somi pe ya epai moko te, oyo ekozwa mikano engebene na makoki pe masenginia ye to engebene na bosolo ya likambo ye afundami. ==Eténi ya 11== Moto nyonso oyo afundami na likambo azali naino maboko pembe tee tango bakotatola engebene na mobeko, mabe ye asali, na libanza oyo ekosalama na miso ya bato nyonso, epai wapi manso esengeli kosalama po te mofundami azwa na ye. Moto ata moko te asengeli kozwa etumbu po na makambo to botiki oyo, tango esalamaki, ezalikaki naino mbeba te, engebene na mibeko ya ekolo to ya molongo. So lolenge yango, bakoki te kopesa moto etumbu koleka oyo ezalaka kopesama na tango likambo esalamaki. ==Eténi ya 12== Moto ata moko te akoki kokota pamba na makambo etali ezaleli, libota, ndako pe mikanda ya ngana to pe kobebisa lokumu na ye. Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kobatelama na mobeko esongo na bikota-kota yango. ==Eténi ya 13== Moto nyonso azali na makoki ya kotambola ndenge alingi pe kopona esika ya kovanda kati ya ekolo. Moto nyonso azali na makoki ya kotika ekolo nyonso ata ya ye moko po na kokenda na ekolo mosusu; ye akoki pe kozonga na ekolo na ye. ==Eténi ya 14== Na liboso ya monyokoli, moto nyonso azali na likoki ya koluka pe kozwa esika ya kobomba nzoto na bikolo mosusu. Likoki yango likopesama te na moto afundami na likambo ya makasi to na bikela oyo elongombani te na mibeko ya Linsaga ya Bikolo ya Molongo. ==Eténi ya 15== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya koyebana mosi-ekolo. Bakoki te kopimela moto likoki ya kozala mosi-ekolo to ya kokoma moto ya ekolo mosusu. ==Eténi ya 16== Soki mobu ya kobalana ekoki, mobali pe mwasi bakoki kokwelana pe kotonga libota pe masimbisi ezala te na makambo etali loposo, ekolo to longomba ya nzambe. Bango bazali na makoki se ndenge moko na makambo etali makwela, ezala tango ya makwela to tango ya bokabwani. Libala ekoki kosalama se soki mwasi na mobali bango mei bandimi na motema moko. Libala ezali longomba ya tina po na bato pe ezali na likoki ya kobatelama na bato pe Leta. ==Eténi ya 17== Moto nyonso azala ye moko to na kati ya lisanga, azali na likoki ya mokolo-ekolo. Bakoki ata moke te kopimela to kobotola moto eloko na ye soki tina ezali te. ==Eténi ya 18== Moto nyonso azali na likoki, ya kozala na makanisi na ye, mayele na ye ya motema pe lingomba na ye ya nzambe; likoki yango ekopesa ye ndingisa ya kopona lingomba ya nzambe to kobongola makanisi na ye, ye moko to elongo na baninga, ezala na miso ya bato ya mei; na boteyi, na bikela, na bokumisi nzambe pe milulu. ==Eténi ya 19== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya bokanisi pe bolobi; yango ekopesa ye ndingisa ya kozala na bomo na motema te likolo ya makanisi na ye ndingisa ya koluka, kozwa pe kopanza mayebisi na makanisi esika na esika, na ndenge alingi koyebisa yango. ==Eténi ya 20== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kozala na likita pe lingomba oyo ezali na kinya. Ekoki te kosengama na makasi te moto akota na lingomba. ==Eténi ya 21== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kotia maboko na bokambi misala ya ekolo na ye ezala ye moko to na batoma ye moko aponi. Moto nyonso azali na likoki, lokola baninga nyonso ya kosala misala ya Leta. Bolingi yango esengeli komonana na maponi ya sembo oyo esengeli kosalama mbala na mbala, na liponeli ya bato nyonso pe na boponi ya Lingomba to na ndenge mosusu ekokani na yango pe ekosala ‘te bato bapona na bonsomi nyonso. ==Eténi ya 22== Moto nyonso, lokola azali moko ya lingomba, azali na likoki ya kozwa lisalisi ya esalelo-lisungi, oyo ezali na ndingisa ya kopesa moto makoki ya ye ya mosolo, ya bomoi pe ezaleli, po na lokumu pe bokoli malamu ya bomoto na ye, na lisalisi ya bokasi ya ekolo pe ya boyokani ya mikili na mikili, engebene na mwango pe bokulaka ya ekolo na ekolo. ==Eténi ya 23== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kozwa mosala, ya kopona mosala ye alingi, na ndenge ya sembo elongobani na mosala, pe basengeli kobatela ya esongo na bosomele. Bato nyonso bazali na likoki, bokeseni ata te, ya kozwa lifuta ekokani po na mosala ekokani. Moto nyonso akosala, azali na likoki ya kozwa lifuta ya sembo pe elongobani, oyo ekosala te ye na libota na ye bazwa bomoi elongobani na lokumu ya moto, pe ekoki kobongisama lisusu na ndenge nyonso ya bobateli bomoi. Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kokela basendika elongo na baninga pe kokota na basendika po na kokengela maloki na ye. ==Eténi ya 24== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya bopemisi pe bopemisi nzoto, mingi ya bozwui eleko ya sembo ya boumeli na mosala pe na bozwi lifuta na bakonzi ya mbala na mbala. ==Eténi ya 25== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kobikela na ndenge elongobani po ‘te azwa bokolongonu, bozala malamu ya ye pe ya libota na ye epusi na makambo etali kolia, kolata, kovanda, kosalisa nzoto pe kosungama na ndenge esengeli; ye azali na likoki ya kosalisama na tango ya bosemele, bokono, bosele, bozenge, bobange to na tango mosusu ye akozanga mosolo ya kobikela na sima ya makambo esalami na bolinga na ye te. Bomama pe bomwana ezali na likoki ya kosungama na ndenge elongobani. Mwana nyonso abotama kati ya makwela to na libanda asengeli kobatelama to ndenge moko. ==Eténi ya 26== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya bokolisi bwanya pe mayele. Mateya esengeli kopesama pamba, mosolo te, ata na bakelasi ya mabandela. Mateya ya mabandela esengeni kopesama na moto nyonso. Mateya ya tekiniki pe ya mosala esengeli kopesama bipai nyonso; eposa ya kozwa mateya ya kelasi ya minene esengeli kopesama na bato nyonso, se ndenge moko, engebene na mayele na bango. Bokolisi bwanya pe mayele esengeli kosala te moto akola na ndenge nyonso pe atosa malamu penza makoki pe bonsomi ya tina na moto. Yango esengeli komema boyokani, boboto, bolingo kati ya bikolo pe mangomba ya bato oyo loposo pe boyambi ekeseni; yango pe esengeli kobongisa misala ya Lisanga ya Bikolo ya Molongo po na bobateli kimya. Baboti bazali na likoki ya yambo, ya boponi ndenge ya mateya esengeli kopesama na bana na bango. ==Eténi ya 27== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kotia maboko ndenge alingi na misala ya bokolisi bwanyaya lingomba, kopesela na nkoti, pe kotia maboko na botomboli zebi pe bolamu ya yango. Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te matomba ya misala ya ye ya zebi, ya bokomi pe ya nkoti ebatelama. ==Eténi ya 28== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te kati ya bato pe bikolo, nyonso ebonga po te makoki pe bonsomi oyo ekomami kati ya Lisakoli oyo elonga. ==Eténi ya 29== Moto azali na mikumba epai ya lingomba oyo ekopesa ye eposa ya bokolisi bomoto na ye na ndenge elongobani. Moto nyonso, na botalaka makoki pe bonsomi na ye, asengeli kosala se mikumba oyo eyebani na mobeko se po ‘te bayeba pe bakumisa maloki pe bonsomi ya baninga, pe po na kotosa mibeko ya sembo ya ezalela kinya ya bato pe bozali malamu kati ya lingomba ya boyangeli lisanga. Makoki pe bonsomi yango ekoki, ata moke te, kozala esongo na masengi ya Lisanga ya Bikolo ya Molongo. ==Eténi ya 30== Mobeko ata moko te ya Lisanga oyo ekoki kozala po na Leta, na lisanga ya bato, to na moto, likoki ya kosala likambo oyo ekonyata makoki pe bonsomi awa. [[bm:Hadamaden josiraw dantigɛkan]] [[ca:Declaració Universal dels Drets Humans]] [[cs:Všeobecná deklarace lidských práv]] [[da:Menneskerettighedserklæringen]] [[de:Allgemeine Erklärung der Menschenrechte]] [[en:Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] [[es:Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos]] [[eo:Universala Deklaracio de Homaj Rajtoj]] [[fr:Déclaration universelle des Droits de l'Homme]] [[fy:Universele Ferklearring fan de Rjochten fan de Minske]] [[he:ההכרזה לכל באי עולם בדבר זכויות האדם]] [[it:Dichiarazione universale dei diritti dell'uomo]] [[nl:Universele Verklaring van de Rechten van de Mens]] [[nn:Menneskerettsfråsegna]] [[no:Menneskerettighetserklæringen]] [[pl:Powszechna Deklaracja Praw Człowieka]] [[pt:Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos]] [[ro:Declaraţia Universală a Drepturilor Omului]] [[ru:Декларация прав человека]] [[sc:Decraratzione Universale de sos Deretos de s'Òmine]] [[sk:Všeobecná deklarácia ľudských práv]] [[zh:世界人权宣言]] 7704 2006-02-08T10:25:59Z Bombo 12 img [[category:lisangá]] [[category:politiki]] [[category:leta]] '''Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto''' [[Image:Declaration of Human Rights.jpg|thumb|340px|''«Déclaration des Droits de l'Homme et du Citoyen»'' ya 24 may 1773 (Falansia)]] == Maloba ya yambo == Na botalaka ‘te kondima limemya ya bato nyonso ya molongo pe makoki ma bango oyo ezali ndenge moko pe bakoki kopimela moto te ezali tina ya bonsomi, bosembo pe kimpa kati ya molongo.Na botalaka ‘te komona pamba pe koboya kotosa esengeli ya moto ebatelama na bokonzi ya bosembo po te, na sima yango, moto akoma na botombiki esongo na minyokoli te, Na botalaka ‘te esengeli kolendisa boyokani na kati ya bikolo, Na botalaka ‘te na kati ya Mokanda ya Mibeko ya Lisanga ya Bikolo ya Molongo, bato ya molongo bayebisi lisusu lolenge bandimi maloki ya tina yo moto, limemya pe lokumu ya moto, bokokani ya makoki ya basi pe mibali pe na botalaka ‘te bango bayebisi ‘te bazwi mokano ya kobongisa ezaleli ya moto pe kosala ‘te moto azwa bomoi malamu penza na kati ya bonsomi ya monene penza, Na botalaka ‘te kozala bato nyonso na makanisi ndenge moko po na makoki pe bonsomi yango, ezali na tina monene po ‘te oyo bakani elonga, Likita monene ezali koyebisa Lisakoli ya molongo oyo ya makoki ya moto lokola eloko oyo bato pe bikolo nyonso balingi babwa, po te bato pe mangomba nyonso, na bobatelaka tango nyonso Lisakoli yango na moteme, basala makasi na boteyi pe bokolisi bwanya, po ‘te makoki pe bonsomi yango etosama pe basala ‘te bandima pe basalela yango na bosolo penza na molongo mobimba, ezala na kati ya bato ya Bikolo ya Lisanga bango moko to na kati ya ekolo pe molongo mobimba. ===Eténi yambo (1)=== Bato nyonso na mbotama bazali nzomi pe bakokani na limemya pe makoki. Bazali na mayele pe basengeli kofanda na bondeko okati na bango. ===Eténi ya 2=== Moto nyonso azali na makoki pe bonsomi nyonso oyo elimbolami na kati ya Lisakoli oyo, bokeseni ata moke te, na mambi matali loposo ya nzoto, bomwasi to bobali, lokota, lingomba ya nzambe, makanisi ya politiki to ya ndenge mosusu, ekolo to longomba ya bato, bokulaka, mbotama to makambo mosusu. Epai mosusu, na botalaka eloko ya moto, epikisami kosala bokeseni na mambi matali mibeko ya politiki, mibeko ya bosambisi to ya boyokani na mikili mosusu, ezala ekolo to mabele ya nsomi to oyo eyangelemani na bauta, to oyo ezwi bonsomi ya sikisiki te. ===Eténi ya 3=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kozala na bomoi, a kozala somi pe kozala motema sei na bomoto na ye. ===Eténi ya 4=== Moto ata moke te asengeli kozala moumbu; boumbu pe boteki baumbu epikisami na ndenge nyonso. ===Eténi ya 5=== Moto ata moke te asengeli konyokama pe kosalelama makambo ya bonyama pe oyo ezanga bomoto na lokumu. ===Eténi ya 6=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te bayeba makoki na ye bipai nyonso. ===Eténi ya 7=== Bato nyonso bakokani liboso ya mobeko pe bazali na likoki ya kobatelama na mobeko se ndenge moko. Banso bazali na likoki ya kobatelama se ndenge moko esongo na bikela nyonso ya bokesenisi elongobani te na Lisakoli oyo pe esengo na bikela nyonso oyo ekobota bokesenisi yango. ===Eténi ya 8=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya koluka lisalisi ya solo penza na liboso ya mangomba ya bosambisi ya ekolo oyo ezali na bwanya esongo na bikela oyo ekotangola maloki ya tina endimami na mibeko po na ye. ===Eténi ya 9=== Moto moko te akoki kokangama to kobengisama tina te. ===Eténi ya 10=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te likambo na ye lokola ya bato nyonso, essambisama na bosembo pe na miso ya bato nyonso na esambiselo ya somi pe ya epai moko te, oyo ekozwa mikano engebene na makoki pe masenginia ye to engebene na bosolo ya likambo ye afundami. ===Eténi ya 11=== Moto nyonso oyo afundami na likambo azali naino maboko pembe tee tango bakotatola engebene na mobeko, mabe ye asali, na libanza oyo ekosalama na miso ya bato nyonso, epai wapi manso esengeli kosalama po te mofundami azwa na ye. Moto ata moko te asengeli kozwa etumbu po na makambo to botiki oyo, tango esalamaki, ezalikaki naino mbeba te, engebene na mibeko ya ekolo to ya molongo. So lolenge yango, bakoki te kopesa moto etumbu koleka oyo ezalaka kopesama na tango likambo esalamaki. ===Eténi ya 12=== Moto ata moko te akoki kokota pamba na makambo etali ezaleli, libota, ndako pe mikanda ya ngana to pe kobebisa lokumu na ye. Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kobatelama na mobeko esongo na bikota-kota yango. ===Eténi ya 13=== Moto nyonso azali na makoki ya kotambola ndenge alingi pe kopona esika ya kovanda kati ya ekolo. Moto nyonso azali na makoki ya kotika ekolo nyonso ata ya ye moko po na kokenda na ekolo mosusu; ye akoki pe kozonga na ekolo na ye. ===Eténi ya 14=== Na liboso ya monyokoli, moto nyonso azali na likoki ya koluka pe kozwa esika ya kobomba nzoto na bikolo mosusu. Likoki yango likopesama te na moto afundami na likambo ya makasi to na bikela oyo elongombani te na mibeko ya Linsaga ya Bikolo ya Molongo. ===Eténi ya 15=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya koyebana mosi-ekolo. Bakoki te kopimela moto likoki ya kozala mosi-ekolo to ya kokoma moto ya ekolo mosusu. ===Eténi ya 16=== Soki mobu ya kobalana ekoki, mobali pe mwasi bakoki kokwelana pe kotonga libota pe masimbisi ezala te na makambo etali loposo, ekolo to longomba ya nzambe. Bango bazali na makoki se ndenge moko na makambo etali makwela, ezala tango ya makwela to tango ya bokabwani. Libala ekoki kosalama se soki mwasi na mobali bango mei bandimi na motema moko. Libala ezali longomba ya tina po na bato pe ezali na likoki ya kobatelama na bato pe Leta. ===Eténi ya 17=== Moto nyonso azala ye moko to na kati ya lisanga, azali na likoki ya mokolo-ekolo. Bakoki ata moke te kopimela to kobotola moto eloko na ye soki tina ezali te. ===Eténi ya 18=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki, ya kozala na makanisi na ye, mayele na ye ya motema pe lingomba na ye ya nzambe; likoki yango ekopesa ye ndingisa ya kopona lingomba ya nzambe to kobongola makanisi na ye, ye moko to elongo na baninga, ezala na miso ya bato ya mei; na boteyi, na bikela, na bokumisi nzambe pe milulu. ===Eténi ya 19=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya bokanisi pe bolobi; yango ekopesa ye ndingisa ya kozala na bomo na motema te likolo ya makanisi na ye ndingisa ya koluka, kozwa pe kopanza mayebisi na makanisi esika na esika, na ndenge alingi koyebisa yango. ===Eténi ya 20=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kozala na likita pe lingomba oyo ezali na kinya. Ekoki te kosengama na makasi te moto akota na lingomba. ===Eténi ya 21=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kotia maboko na bokambi misala ya ekolo na ye ezala ye moko to na batoma ye moko aponi. Moto nyonso azali na likoki, lokola baninga nyonso ya kosala misala ya Leta. Bolingi yango esengeli komonana na maponi ya sembo oyo esengeli kosalama mbala na mbala, na liponeli ya bato nyonso pe na boponi ya Lingomba to na ndenge mosusu ekokani na yango pe ekosala ‘te bato bapona na bonsomi nyonso. ===Eténi ya 22=== Moto nyonso, lokola azali moko ya lingomba, azali na likoki ya kozwa lisalisi ya esalelo-lisungi, oyo ezali na ndingisa ya kopesa moto makoki ya ye ya mosolo, ya bomoi pe ezaleli, po na lokumu pe bokoli malamu ya bomoto na ye, na lisalisi ya bokasi ya ekolo pe ya boyokani ya mikili na mikili, engebene na mwango pe bokulaka ya ekolo na ekolo. ===Eténi ya 23=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kozwa mosala, ya kopona mosala ye alingi, na ndenge ya sembo elongobani na mosala, pe basengeli kobatela ya esongo na bosomele. Bato nyonso bazali na likoki, bokeseni ata te, ya kozwa lifuta ekokani po na mosala ekokani. Moto nyonso akosala, azali na likoki ya kozwa lifuta ya sembo pe elongobani, oyo ekosala te ye na libota na ye bazwa bomoi elongobani na lokumu ya moto, pe ekoki kobongisama lisusu na ndenge nyonso ya bobateli bomoi. Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kokela basendika elongo na baninga pe kokota na basendika po na kokengela maloki na ye. ===Eténi ya 24=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya bopemisi pe bopemisi nzoto, mingi ya bozwui eleko ya sembo ya boumeli na mosala pe na bozwi lifuta na bakonzi ya mbala na mbala. ===Eténi ya 25=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kobikela na ndenge elongobani po ‘te azwa bokolongonu, bozala malamu ya ye pe ya libota na ye epusi na makambo etali kolia, kolata, kovanda, kosalisa nzoto pe kosungama na ndenge esengeli; ye azali na likoki ya kosalisama na tango ya bosemele, bokono, bosele, bozenge, bobange to na tango mosusu ye akozanga mosolo ya kobikela na sima ya makambo esalami na bolinga na ye te. Bomama pe bomwana ezali na likoki ya kosungama na ndenge elongobani. Mwana nyonso abotama kati ya makwela to na libanda asengeli kobatelama to ndenge moko. ===Eténi ya 26=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya bokolisi bwanya pe mayele. Mateya esengeli kopesama pamba, mosolo te, ata na bakelasi ya mabandela. Mateya ya mabandela esengeni kopesama na moto nyonso. Mateya ya tekiniki pe ya mosala esengeli kopesama bipai nyonso; eposa ya kozwa mateya ya kelasi ya minene esengeli kopesama na bato nyonso, se ndenge moko, engebene na mayele na bango. Bokolisi bwanya pe mayele esengeli kosala te moto akola na ndenge nyonso pe atosa malamu penza makoki pe bonsomi ya tina na moto. Yango esengeli komema boyokani, boboto, bolingo kati ya bikolo pe mangomba ya bato oyo loposo pe boyambi ekeseni; yango pe esengeli kobongisa misala ya Lisanga ya Bikolo ya Molongo po na bobateli kimya. Baboti bazali na likoki ya yambo, ya boponi ndenge ya mateya esengeli kopesama na bana na bango. ===Eténi ya 27=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kotia maboko ndenge alingi na misala ya bokolisi bwanyaya lingomba, kopesela na nkoti, pe kotia maboko na botomboli zebi pe bolamu ya yango. Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te matomba ya misala ya ye ya zebi, ya bokomi pe ya nkoti ebatelama. ===Eténi ya 28=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te kati ya bato pe bikolo, nyonso ebonga po te makoki pe bonsomi oyo ekomami kati ya Lisakoli oyo elonga. ===Eténi ya 29=== Moto azali na mikumba epai ya lingomba oyo ekopesa ye eposa ya bokolisi bomoto na ye na ndenge elongobani. Moto nyonso, na botalaka makoki pe bonsomi na ye, asengeli kosala se mikumba oyo eyebani na mobeko se po ‘te bayeba pe bakumisa maloki pe bonsomi ya baninga, pe po na kotosa mibeko ya sembo ya ezalela kinya ya bato pe bozali malamu kati ya lingomba ya boyangeli lisanga. Makoki pe bonsomi yango ekoki, ata moke te, kozala esongo na masengi ya Lisanga ya Bikolo ya Molongo. ===Eténi ya 30=== Mobeko ata moko te ya Lisanga oyo ekoki kozala po na Leta, na lisanga ya bato, to na moto, likoki ya kosala likambo oyo ekonyata makoki pe bonsomi awa. ==Tála mpé== * [[Demokrasi]] * [[Lisánga ya Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ́]] * [[Politiki]] [[bm:Hadamaden josiraw dantigɛkan]] [[ca:Declaració Universal dels Drets Humans]] [[cs:Všeobecná deklarace lidských práv]] [[da:Menneskerettighedserklæringen]] [[de:Allgemeine Erklärung der Menschenrechte]] [[en:Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] [[es:Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos]] [[eo:Universala Deklaracio de Homaj Rajtoj]] [[fr:Déclaration universelle des Droits de l'Homme]] [[fy:Universele Ferklearring fan de Rjochten fan de Minske]] [[he:ההכרזה לכל באי עולם בדבר זכויות האדם]] [[it:Dichiarazione universale dei diritti dell'uomo]] [[nl:Universele Verklaring van de Rechten van de Mens]] [[nn:Menneskerettsfråsegna]] [[no:Menneskerettighetserklæringen]] [[pl:Powszechna Deklaracja Praw Człowieka]] [[pt:Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos]] [[ro:Declaraţia Universală a Drepturilor Omului]] [[ru:Декларация прав человека]] [[sc:Decraratzione Universale de sos Deretos de s'Òmine]] [[sk:Všeobecná deklarácia ľudských práv]] [[zh:世界人权宣言]] 7966 2006-04-05T04:49:49Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: af, ast, et, fur, gl, gn, hu, ja, ko, simple, sl, sq, sv, vi, zh-min-nan Modifie: ru [[category:lisangá]] [[category:politiki]] [[category:leta]] '''Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto''' [[Image:Declaration of Human Rights.jpg|thumb|340px|''«Déclaration des Droits de l'Homme et du Citoyen»'' ya 24 may 1773 (Falansia)]] == Maloba ya yambo == Na botalaka ‘te kondima limemya ya bato nyonso ya molongo pe makoki ma bango oyo ezali ndenge moko pe bakoki kopimela moto te ezali tina ya bonsomi, bosembo pe kimpa kati ya molongo.Na botalaka ‘te komona pamba pe koboya kotosa esengeli ya moto ebatelama na bokonzi ya bosembo po te, na sima yango, moto akoma na botombiki esongo na minyokoli te, Na botalaka ‘te esengeli kolendisa boyokani na kati ya bikolo, Na botalaka ‘te na kati ya Mokanda ya Mibeko ya Lisanga ya Bikolo ya Molongo, bato ya molongo bayebisi lisusu lolenge bandimi maloki ya tina yo moto, limemya pe lokumu ya moto, bokokani ya makoki ya basi pe mibali pe na botalaka ‘te bango bayebisi ‘te bazwi mokano ya kobongisa ezaleli ya moto pe kosala ‘te moto azwa bomoi malamu penza na kati ya bonsomi ya monene penza, Na botalaka ‘te kozala bato nyonso na makanisi ndenge moko po na makoki pe bonsomi yango, ezali na tina monene po ‘te oyo bakani elonga, Likita monene ezali koyebisa Lisakoli ya molongo oyo ya makoki ya moto lokola eloko oyo bato pe bikolo nyonso balingi babwa, po te bato pe mangomba nyonso, na bobatelaka tango nyonso Lisakoli yango na moteme, basala makasi na boteyi pe bokolisi bwanya, po ‘te makoki pe bonsomi yango etosama pe basala ‘te bandima pe basalela yango na bosolo penza na molongo mobimba, ezala na kati ya bato ya Bikolo ya Lisanga bango moko to na kati ya ekolo pe molongo mobimba. ===Eténi yambo (1)=== Bato nyonso na mbotama bazali nzomi pe bakokani na limemya pe makoki. Bazali na mayele pe basengeli kofanda na bondeko okati na bango. ===Eténi ya 2=== Moto nyonso azali na makoki pe bonsomi nyonso oyo elimbolami na kati ya Lisakoli oyo, bokeseni ata moke te, na mambi matali loposo ya nzoto, bomwasi to bobali, lokota, lingomba ya nzambe, makanisi ya politiki to ya ndenge mosusu, ekolo to longomba ya bato, bokulaka, mbotama to makambo mosusu. Epai mosusu, na botalaka eloko ya moto, epikisami kosala bokeseni na mambi matali mibeko ya politiki, mibeko ya bosambisi to ya boyokani na mikili mosusu, ezala ekolo to mabele ya nsomi to oyo eyangelemani na bauta, to oyo ezwi bonsomi ya sikisiki te. ===Eténi ya 3=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kozala na bomoi, a kozala somi pe kozala motema sei na bomoto na ye. ===Eténi ya 4=== Moto ata moke te asengeli kozala moumbu; boumbu pe boteki baumbu epikisami na ndenge nyonso. ===Eténi ya 5=== Moto ata moke te asengeli konyokama pe kosalelama makambo ya bonyama pe oyo ezanga bomoto na lokumu. ===Eténi ya 6=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te bayeba makoki na ye bipai nyonso. ===Eténi ya 7=== Bato nyonso bakokani liboso ya mobeko pe bazali na likoki ya kobatelama na mobeko se ndenge moko. Banso bazali na likoki ya kobatelama se ndenge moko esongo na bikela nyonso ya bokesenisi elongobani te na Lisakoli oyo pe esengo na bikela nyonso oyo ekobota bokesenisi yango. ===Eténi ya 8=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya koluka lisalisi ya solo penza na liboso ya mangomba ya bosambisi ya ekolo oyo ezali na bwanya esongo na bikela oyo ekotangola maloki ya tina endimami na mibeko po na ye. ===Eténi ya 9=== Moto moko te akoki kokangama to kobengisama tina te. ===Eténi ya 10=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te likambo na ye lokola ya bato nyonso, essambisama na bosembo pe na miso ya bato nyonso na esambiselo ya somi pe ya epai moko te, oyo ekozwa mikano engebene na makoki pe masenginia ye to engebene na bosolo ya likambo ye afundami. ===Eténi ya 11=== Moto nyonso oyo afundami na likambo azali naino maboko pembe tee tango bakotatola engebene na mobeko, mabe ye asali, na libanza oyo ekosalama na miso ya bato nyonso, epai wapi manso esengeli kosalama po te mofundami azwa na ye. Moto ata moko te asengeli kozwa etumbu po na makambo to botiki oyo, tango esalamaki, ezalikaki naino mbeba te, engebene na mibeko ya ekolo to ya molongo. So lolenge yango, bakoki te kopesa moto etumbu koleka oyo ezalaka kopesama na tango likambo esalamaki. ===Eténi ya 12=== Moto ata moko te akoki kokota pamba na makambo etali ezaleli, libota, ndako pe mikanda ya ngana to pe kobebisa lokumu na ye. Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kobatelama na mobeko esongo na bikota-kota yango. ===Eténi ya 13=== Moto nyonso azali na makoki ya kotambola ndenge alingi pe kopona esika ya kovanda kati ya ekolo. Moto nyonso azali na makoki ya kotika ekolo nyonso ata ya ye moko po na kokenda na ekolo mosusu; ye akoki pe kozonga na ekolo na ye. ===Eténi ya 14=== Na liboso ya monyokoli, moto nyonso azali na likoki ya koluka pe kozwa esika ya kobomba nzoto na bikolo mosusu. Likoki yango likopesama te na moto afundami na likambo ya makasi to na bikela oyo elongombani te na mibeko ya Linsaga ya Bikolo ya Molongo. ===Eténi ya 15=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya koyebana mosi-ekolo. Bakoki te kopimela moto likoki ya kozala mosi-ekolo to ya kokoma moto ya ekolo mosusu. ===Eténi ya 16=== Soki mobu ya kobalana ekoki, mobali pe mwasi bakoki kokwelana pe kotonga libota pe masimbisi ezala te na makambo etali loposo, ekolo to longomba ya nzambe. Bango bazali na makoki se ndenge moko na makambo etali makwela, ezala tango ya makwela to tango ya bokabwani. Libala ekoki kosalama se soki mwasi na mobali bango mei bandimi na motema moko. Libala ezali longomba ya tina po na bato pe ezali na likoki ya kobatelama na bato pe Leta. ===Eténi ya 17=== Moto nyonso azala ye moko to na kati ya lisanga, azali na likoki ya mokolo-ekolo. Bakoki ata moke te kopimela to kobotola moto eloko na ye soki tina ezali te. ===Eténi ya 18=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki, ya kozala na makanisi na ye, mayele na ye ya motema pe lingomba na ye ya nzambe; likoki yango ekopesa ye ndingisa ya kopona lingomba ya nzambe to kobongola makanisi na ye, ye moko to elongo na baninga, ezala na miso ya bato ya mei; na boteyi, na bikela, na bokumisi nzambe pe milulu. ===Eténi ya 19=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya bokanisi pe bolobi; yango ekopesa ye ndingisa ya kozala na bomo na motema te likolo ya makanisi na ye ndingisa ya koluka, kozwa pe kopanza mayebisi na makanisi esika na esika, na ndenge alingi koyebisa yango. ===Eténi ya 20=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kozala na likita pe lingomba oyo ezali na kinya. Ekoki te kosengama na makasi te moto akota na lingomba. ===Eténi ya 21=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kotia maboko na bokambi misala ya ekolo na ye ezala ye moko to na batoma ye moko aponi. Moto nyonso azali na likoki, lokola baninga nyonso ya kosala misala ya Leta. Bolingi yango esengeli komonana na maponi ya sembo oyo esengeli kosalama mbala na mbala, na liponeli ya bato nyonso pe na boponi ya Lingomba to na ndenge mosusu ekokani na yango pe ekosala ‘te bato bapona na bonsomi nyonso. ===Eténi ya 22=== Moto nyonso, lokola azali moko ya lingomba, azali na likoki ya kozwa lisalisi ya esalelo-lisungi, oyo ezali na ndingisa ya kopesa moto makoki ya ye ya mosolo, ya bomoi pe ezaleli, po na lokumu pe bokoli malamu ya bomoto na ye, na lisalisi ya bokasi ya ekolo pe ya boyokani ya mikili na mikili, engebene na mwango pe bokulaka ya ekolo na ekolo. ===Eténi ya 23=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kozwa mosala, ya kopona mosala ye alingi, na ndenge ya sembo elongobani na mosala, pe basengeli kobatela ya esongo na bosomele. Bato nyonso bazali na likoki, bokeseni ata te, ya kozwa lifuta ekokani po na mosala ekokani. Moto nyonso akosala, azali na likoki ya kozwa lifuta ya sembo pe elongobani, oyo ekosala te ye na libota na ye bazwa bomoi elongobani na lokumu ya moto, pe ekoki kobongisama lisusu na ndenge nyonso ya bobateli bomoi. Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kokela basendika elongo na baninga pe kokota na basendika po na kokengela maloki na ye. ===Eténi ya 24=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya bopemisi pe bopemisi nzoto, mingi ya bozwui eleko ya sembo ya boumeli na mosala pe na bozwi lifuta na bakonzi ya mbala na mbala. ===Eténi ya 25=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kobikela na ndenge elongobani po ‘te azwa bokolongonu, bozala malamu ya ye pe ya libota na ye epusi na makambo etali kolia, kolata, kovanda, kosalisa nzoto pe kosungama na ndenge esengeli; ye azali na likoki ya kosalisama na tango ya bosemele, bokono, bosele, bozenge, bobange to na tango mosusu ye akozanga mosolo ya kobikela na sima ya makambo esalami na bolinga na ye te. Bomama pe bomwana ezali na likoki ya kosungama na ndenge elongobani. Mwana nyonso abotama kati ya makwela to na libanda asengeli kobatelama to ndenge moko. ===Eténi ya 26=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya bokolisi bwanya pe mayele. Mateya esengeli kopesama pamba, mosolo te, ata na bakelasi ya mabandela. Mateya ya mabandela esengeni kopesama na moto nyonso. Mateya ya tekiniki pe ya mosala esengeli kopesama bipai nyonso; eposa ya kozwa mateya ya kelasi ya minene esengeli kopesama na bato nyonso, se ndenge moko, engebene na mayele na bango. Bokolisi bwanya pe mayele esengeli kosala te moto akola na ndenge nyonso pe atosa malamu penza makoki pe bonsomi ya tina na moto. Yango esengeli komema boyokani, boboto, bolingo kati ya bikolo pe mangomba ya bato oyo loposo pe boyambi ekeseni; yango pe esengeli kobongisa misala ya Lisanga ya Bikolo ya Molongo po na bobateli kimya. Baboti bazali na likoki ya yambo, ya boponi ndenge ya mateya esengeli kopesama na bana na bango. ===Eténi ya 27=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kotia maboko ndenge alingi na misala ya bokolisi bwanyaya lingomba, kopesela na nkoti, pe kotia maboko na botomboli zebi pe bolamu ya yango. Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te matomba ya misala ya ye ya zebi, ya bokomi pe ya nkoti ebatelama. ===Eténi ya 28=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te kati ya bato pe bikolo, nyonso ebonga po te makoki pe bonsomi oyo ekomami kati ya Lisakoli oyo elonga. ===Eténi ya 29=== Moto azali na mikumba epai ya lingomba oyo ekopesa ye eposa ya bokolisi bomoto na ye na ndenge elongobani. Moto nyonso, na botalaka makoki pe bonsomi na ye, asengeli kosala se mikumba oyo eyebani na mobeko se po ‘te bayeba pe bakumisa maloki pe bonsomi ya baninga, pe po na kotosa mibeko ya sembo ya ezalela kinya ya bato pe bozali malamu kati ya lingomba ya boyangeli lisanga. Makoki pe bonsomi yango ekoki, ata moke te, kozala esongo na masengi ya Lisanga ya Bikolo ya Molongo. ===Eténi ya 30=== Mobeko ata moko te ya Lisanga oyo ekoki kozala po na Leta, na lisanga ya bato, to na moto, likoki ya kosala likambo oyo ekonyata makoki pe bonsomi awa. ==Tála mpé== * [[Demokrasi]] * [[Lisánga ya Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ́]] * [[Politiki]] [[af:Universele Verklaring van Menseregte]] [[ast:Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos]] [[bm:Hadamaden josiraw dantigɛkan]] [[ca:Declaració Universal dels Drets Humans]] [[cs:Všeobecná deklarace lidských práv]] [[da:Menneskerettighedserklæringen]] [[de:Allgemeine Erklärung der Menschenrechte]] [[en:Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] [[eo:Universala Deklaracio de Homaj Rajtoj]] [[es:Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos]] [[et:Inimõiguste ülddeklaratsioon]] [[fr:Déclaration universelle des Droits de l'Homme]] [[fur:Declarazion universâl dai dirits dal om]] [[fy:Universele Ferklearring fan de Rjochten fan de Minske]] [[gl:Declaración Universal dos Dereitos Humanos]] [[gn:Tekove yvypóra kuéra maymáva derecho kuaaukaha]] [[he:ההכרזה לכל באי עולם בדבר זכויות האדם]] [[hu:Az Emberi Jogok Egyetemes Nyilatkozata]] [[it:Dichiarazione universale dei diritti dell'uomo]] [[ja:世界人権宣言]] [[ko:세계인권선언]] [[nl:Universele Verklaring van de Rechten van de Mens]] [[nn:Menneskerettsfråsegna]] [[no:Menneskerettighetserklæringen]] [[pl:Powszechna Deklaracja Praw Człowieka]] [[pt:Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos]] [[ro:Declaraţia Universală a Drepturilor Omului]] [[ru:Всеобщая декларация прав человека]] [[sc:Decraratzione Universale de sos Deretos de s'Òmine]] [[simple:Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] [[sk:Všeobecná deklarácia ľudských práv]] [[sl:Splošna deklaracija človekovih pravic]] [[sq:Deklarata e Përgjithshme mbi të Drejtat e Njeriut]] [[sv:FN:s deklaration om de mänskliga rättigheterna]] [[vi:Tuyên ngôn Quốc tế Nhân quyền]] [[zh:世界人权宣言]] [[zh-min-nan:Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân]] 8017 2006-04-15T23:46:57Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: tet [[category:lisangá]] [[category:politiki]] [[category:leta]] '''Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto''' [[Image:Declaration of Human Rights.jpg|thumb|340px|''«Déclaration des Droits de l'Homme et du Citoyen»'' ya 24 may 1773 (Falansia)]] == Maloba ya yambo == Na botalaka ‘te kondima limemya ya bato nyonso ya molongo pe makoki ma bango oyo ezali ndenge moko pe bakoki kopimela moto te ezali tina ya bonsomi, bosembo pe kimpa kati ya molongo.Na botalaka ‘te komona pamba pe koboya kotosa esengeli ya moto ebatelama na bokonzi ya bosembo po te, na sima yango, moto akoma na botombiki esongo na minyokoli te, Na botalaka ‘te esengeli kolendisa boyokani na kati ya bikolo, Na botalaka ‘te na kati ya Mokanda ya Mibeko ya Lisanga ya Bikolo ya Molongo, bato ya molongo bayebisi lisusu lolenge bandimi maloki ya tina yo moto, limemya pe lokumu ya moto, bokokani ya makoki ya basi pe mibali pe na botalaka ‘te bango bayebisi ‘te bazwi mokano ya kobongisa ezaleli ya moto pe kosala ‘te moto azwa bomoi malamu penza na kati ya bonsomi ya monene penza, Na botalaka ‘te kozala bato nyonso na makanisi ndenge moko po na makoki pe bonsomi yango, ezali na tina monene po ‘te oyo bakani elonga, Likita monene ezali koyebisa Lisakoli ya molongo oyo ya makoki ya moto lokola eloko oyo bato pe bikolo nyonso balingi babwa, po te bato pe mangomba nyonso, na bobatelaka tango nyonso Lisakoli yango na moteme, basala makasi na boteyi pe bokolisi bwanya, po ‘te makoki pe bonsomi yango etosama pe basala ‘te bandima pe basalela yango na bosolo penza na molongo mobimba, ezala na kati ya bato ya Bikolo ya Lisanga bango moko to na kati ya ekolo pe molongo mobimba. ===Eténi yambo (1)=== Bato nyonso na mbotama bazali nzomi pe bakokani na limemya pe makoki. Bazali na mayele pe basengeli kofanda na bondeko okati na bango. ===Eténi ya 2=== Moto nyonso azali na makoki pe bonsomi nyonso oyo elimbolami na kati ya Lisakoli oyo, bokeseni ata moke te, na mambi matali loposo ya nzoto, bomwasi to bobali, lokota, lingomba ya nzambe, makanisi ya politiki to ya ndenge mosusu, ekolo to longomba ya bato, bokulaka, mbotama to makambo mosusu. Epai mosusu, na botalaka eloko ya moto, epikisami kosala bokeseni na mambi matali mibeko ya politiki, mibeko ya bosambisi to ya boyokani na mikili mosusu, ezala ekolo to mabele ya nsomi to oyo eyangelemani na bauta, to oyo ezwi bonsomi ya sikisiki te. ===Eténi ya 3=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kozala na bomoi, a kozala somi pe kozala motema sei na bomoto na ye. ===Eténi ya 4=== Moto ata moke te asengeli kozala moumbu; boumbu pe boteki baumbu epikisami na ndenge nyonso. ===Eténi ya 5=== Moto ata moke te asengeli konyokama pe kosalelama makambo ya bonyama pe oyo ezanga bomoto na lokumu. ===Eténi ya 6=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te bayeba makoki na ye bipai nyonso. ===Eténi ya 7=== Bato nyonso bakokani liboso ya mobeko pe bazali na likoki ya kobatelama na mobeko se ndenge moko. Banso bazali na likoki ya kobatelama se ndenge moko esongo na bikela nyonso ya bokesenisi elongobani te na Lisakoli oyo pe esengo na bikela nyonso oyo ekobota bokesenisi yango. ===Eténi ya 8=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya koluka lisalisi ya solo penza na liboso ya mangomba ya bosambisi ya ekolo oyo ezali na bwanya esongo na bikela oyo ekotangola maloki ya tina endimami na mibeko po na ye. ===Eténi ya 9=== Moto moko te akoki kokangama to kobengisama tina te. ===Eténi ya 10=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te likambo na ye lokola ya bato nyonso, essambisama na bosembo pe na miso ya bato nyonso na esambiselo ya somi pe ya epai moko te, oyo ekozwa mikano engebene na makoki pe masenginia ye to engebene na bosolo ya likambo ye afundami. ===Eténi ya 11=== Moto nyonso oyo afundami na likambo azali naino maboko pembe tee tango bakotatola engebene na mobeko, mabe ye asali, na libanza oyo ekosalama na miso ya bato nyonso, epai wapi manso esengeli kosalama po te mofundami azwa na ye. Moto ata moko te asengeli kozwa etumbu po na makambo to botiki oyo, tango esalamaki, ezalikaki naino mbeba te, engebene na mibeko ya ekolo to ya molongo. So lolenge yango, bakoki te kopesa moto etumbu koleka oyo ezalaka kopesama na tango likambo esalamaki. ===Eténi ya 12=== Moto ata moko te akoki kokota pamba na makambo etali ezaleli, libota, ndako pe mikanda ya ngana to pe kobebisa lokumu na ye. Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kobatelama na mobeko esongo na bikota-kota yango. ===Eténi ya 13=== Moto nyonso azali na makoki ya kotambola ndenge alingi pe kopona esika ya kovanda kati ya ekolo. Moto nyonso azali na makoki ya kotika ekolo nyonso ata ya ye moko po na kokenda na ekolo mosusu; ye akoki pe kozonga na ekolo na ye. ===Eténi ya 14=== Na liboso ya monyokoli, moto nyonso azali na likoki ya koluka pe kozwa esika ya kobomba nzoto na bikolo mosusu. Likoki yango likopesama te na moto afundami na likambo ya makasi to na bikela oyo elongombani te na mibeko ya Linsaga ya Bikolo ya Molongo. ===Eténi ya 15=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya koyebana mosi-ekolo. Bakoki te kopimela moto likoki ya kozala mosi-ekolo to ya kokoma moto ya ekolo mosusu. ===Eténi ya 16=== Soki mobu ya kobalana ekoki, mobali pe mwasi bakoki kokwelana pe kotonga libota pe masimbisi ezala te na makambo etali loposo, ekolo to longomba ya nzambe. Bango bazali na makoki se ndenge moko na makambo etali makwela, ezala tango ya makwela to tango ya bokabwani. Libala ekoki kosalama se soki mwasi na mobali bango mei bandimi na motema moko. Libala ezali longomba ya tina po na bato pe ezali na likoki ya kobatelama na bato pe Leta. ===Eténi ya 17=== Moto nyonso azala ye moko to na kati ya lisanga, azali na likoki ya mokolo-ekolo. Bakoki ata moke te kopimela to kobotola moto eloko na ye soki tina ezali te. ===Eténi ya 18=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki, ya kozala na makanisi na ye, mayele na ye ya motema pe lingomba na ye ya nzambe; likoki yango ekopesa ye ndingisa ya kopona lingomba ya nzambe to kobongola makanisi na ye, ye moko to elongo na baninga, ezala na miso ya bato ya mei; na boteyi, na bikela, na bokumisi nzambe pe milulu. ===Eténi ya 19=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya bokanisi pe bolobi; yango ekopesa ye ndingisa ya kozala na bomo na motema te likolo ya makanisi na ye ndingisa ya koluka, kozwa pe kopanza mayebisi na makanisi esika na esika, na ndenge alingi koyebisa yango. ===Eténi ya 20=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kozala na likita pe lingomba oyo ezali na kinya. Ekoki te kosengama na makasi te moto akota na lingomba. ===Eténi ya 21=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kotia maboko na bokambi misala ya ekolo na ye ezala ye moko to na batoma ye moko aponi. Moto nyonso azali na likoki, lokola baninga nyonso ya kosala misala ya Leta. Bolingi yango esengeli komonana na maponi ya sembo oyo esengeli kosalama mbala na mbala, na liponeli ya bato nyonso pe na boponi ya Lingomba to na ndenge mosusu ekokani na yango pe ekosala ‘te bato bapona na bonsomi nyonso. ===Eténi ya 22=== Moto nyonso, lokola azali moko ya lingomba, azali na likoki ya kozwa lisalisi ya esalelo-lisungi, oyo ezali na ndingisa ya kopesa moto makoki ya ye ya mosolo, ya bomoi pe ezaleli, po na lokumu pe bokoli malamu ya bomoto na ye, na lisalisi ya bokasi ya ekolo pe ya boyokani ya mikili na mikili, engebene na mwango pe bokulaka ya ekolo na ekolo. ===Eténi ya 23=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kozwa mosala, ya kopona mosala ye alingi, na ndenge ya sembo elongobani na mosala, pe basengeli kobatela ya esongo na bosomele. Bato nyonso bazali na likoki, bokeseni ata te, ya kozwa lifuta ekokani po na mosala ekokani. Moto nyonso akosala, azali na likoki ya kozwa lifuta ya sembo pe elongobani, oyo ekosala te ye na libota na ye bazwa bomoi elongobani na lokumu ya moto, pe ekoki kobongisama lisusu na ndenge nyonso ya bobateli bomoi. Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kokela basendika elongo na baninga pe kokota na basendika po na kokengela maloki na ye. ===Eténi ya 24=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya bopemisi pe bopemisi nzoto, mingi ya bozwui eleko ya sembo ya boumeli na mosala pe na bozwi lifuta na bakonzi ya mbala na mbala. ===Eténi ya 25=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kobikela na ndenge elongobani po ‘te azwa bokolongonu, bozala malamu ya ye pe ya libota na ye epusi na makambo etali kolia, kolata, kovanda, kosalisa nzoto pe kosungama na ndenge esengeli; ye azali na likoki ya kosalisama na tango ya bosemele, bokono, bosele, bozenge, bobange to na tango mosusu ye akozanga mosolo ya kobikela na sima ya makambo esalami na bolinga na ye te. Bomama pe bomwana ezali na likoki ya kosungama na ndenge elongobani. Mwana nyonso abotama kati ya makwela to na libanda asengeli kobatelama to ndenge moko. ===Eténi ya 26=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya bokolisi bwanya pe mayele. Mateya esengeli kopesama pamba, mosolo te, ata na bakelasi ya mabandela. Mateya ya mabandela esengeni kopesama na moto nyonso. Mateya ya tekiniki pe ya mosala esengeli kopesama bipai nyonso; eposa ya kozwa mateya ya kelasi ya minene esengeli kopesama na bato nyonso, se ndenge moko, engebene na mayele na bango. Bokolisi bwanya pe mayele esengeli kosala te moto akola na ndenge nyonso pe atosa malamu penza makoki pe bonsomi ya tina na moto. Yango esengeli komema boyokani, boboto, bolingo kati ya bikolo pe mangomba ya bato oyo loposo pe boyambi ekeseni; yango pe esengeli kobongisa misala ya Lisanga ya Bikolo ya Molongo po na bobateli kimya. Baboti bazali na likoki ya yambo, ya boponi ndenge ya mateya esengeli kopesama na bana na bango. ===Eténi ya 27=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kotia maboko ndenge alingi na misala ya bokolisi bwanyaya lingomba, kopesela na nkoti, pe kotia maboko na botomboli zebi pe bolamu ya yango. Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te matomba ya misala ya ye ya zebi, ya bokomi pe ya nkoti ebatelama. ===Eténi ya 28=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te kati ya bato pe bikolo, nyonso ebonga po te makoki pe bonsomi oyo ekomami kati ya Lisakoli oyo elonga. ===Eténi ya 29=== Moto azali na mikumba epai ya lingomba oyo ekopesa ye eposa ya bokolisi bomoto na ye na ndenge elongobani. Moto nyonso, na botalaka makoki pe bonsomi na ye, asengeli kosala se mikumba oyo eyebani na mobeko se po ‘te bayeba pe bakumisa maloki pe bonsomi ya baninga, pe po na kotosa mibeko ya sembo ya ezalela kinya ya bato pe bozali malamu kati ya lingomba ya boyangeli lisanga. Makoki pe bonsomi yango ekoki, ata moke te, kozala esongo na masengi ya Lisanga ya Bikolo ya Molongo. ===Eténi ya 30=== Mobeko ata moko te ya Lisanga oyo ekoki kozala po na Leta, na lisanga ya bato, to na moto, likoki ya kosala likambo oyo ekonyata makoki pe bonsomi awa. ==Tála mpé== * [[Demokrasi]] * [[Lisánga ya Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ́]] * [[Politiki]] [[af:Universele Verklaring van Menseregte]] [[ast:Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos]] [[bm:Hadamaden josiraw dantigɛkan]] [[ca:Declaració Universal dels Drets Humans]] [[cs:Všeobecná deklarace lidských práv]] [[da:Menneskerettighedserklæringen]] [[de:Allgemeine Erklärung der Menschenrechte]] [[en:Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] [[eo:Universala Deklaracio de Homaj Rajtoj]] [[es:Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos]] [[et:Inimõiguste ülddeklaratsioon]] [[fr:Déclaration universelle des Droits de l'Homme]] [[fur:Declarazion universâl dai dirits dal om]] [[fy:Universele Ferklearring fan de Rjochten fan de Minske]] [[gl:Declaración Universal dos Dereitos Humanos]] [[gn:Tekove yvypóra kuéra maymáva derecho kuaaukaha]] [[he:ההכרזה לכל באי עולם בדבר זכויות האדם]] [[hu:Az Emberi Jogok Egyetemes Nyilatkozata]] [[it:Dichiarazione universale dei diritti dell'uomo]] [[ja:世界人権宣言]] [[ko:세계인권선언]] [[nl:Universele Verklaring van de Rechten van de Mens]] [[nn:Menneskerettsfråsegna]] [[no:Menneskerettighetserklæringen]] [[pl:Powszechna Deklaracja Praw Człowieka]] [[pt:Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos]] [[ro:Declaraţia Universală a Drepturilor Omului]] [[ru:Всеобщая декларация прав человека]] [[sc:Decraratzione Universale de sos Deretos de s'Òmine]] [[simple:Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] [[sk:Všeobecná deklarácia ľudských práv]] [[sl:Splošna deklaracija človekovih pravic]] [[sq:Deklarata e Përgjithshme mbi të Drejtat e Njeriut]] [[sv:FN:s deklaration om de mänskliga rättigheterna]] [[tet:Deklarasaun Universál Direitus Umanus Nian]] [[vi:Tuyên ngôn Quốc tế Nhân quyền]] [[zh:世界人权宣言]] [[zh-min-nan:Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân]] 9019 2006-08-02T05:50:29Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: ar, bn, is, sr, tr, uk [[category:lisangá]] [[category:politiki]] [[category:leta]] '''Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto''' [[Image:Declaration of Human Rights.jpg|thumb|340px|''«Déclaration des Droits de l'Homme et du Citoyen»'' ya 24 may 1773 (Falansia)]] == Maloba ya yambo == Na botalaka ‘te kondima limemya ya bato nyonso ya molongo pe makoki ma bango oyo ezali ndenge moko pe bakoki kopimela moto te ezali tina ya bonsomi, bosembo pe kimpa kati ya molongo.Na botalaka ‘te komona pamba pe koboya kotosa esengeli ya moto ebatelama na bokonzi ya bosembo po te, na sima yango, moto akoma na botombiki esongo na minyokoli te, Na botalaka ‘te esengeli kolendisa boyokani na kati ya bikolo, Na botalaka ‘te na kati ya Mokanda ya Mibeko ya Lisanga ya Bikolo ya Molongo, bato ya molongo bayebisi lisusu lolenge bandimi maloki ya tina yo moto, limemya pe lokumu ya moto, bokokani ya makoki ya basi pe mibali pe na botalaka ‘te bango bayebisi ‘te bazwi mokano ya kobongisa ezaleli ya moto pe kosala ‘te moto azwa bomoi malamu penza na kati ya bonsomi ya monene penza, Na botalaka ‘te kozala bato nyonso na makanisi ndenge moko po na makoki pe bonsomi yango, ezali na tina monene po ‘te oyo bakani elonga, Likita monene ezali koyebisa Lisakoli ya molongo oyo ya makoki ya moto lokola eloko oyo bato pe bikolo nyonso balingi babwa, po te bato pe mangomba nyonso, na bobatelaka tango nyonso Lisakoli yango na moteme, basala makasi na boteyi pe bokolisi bwanya, po ‘te makoki pe bonsomi yango etosama pe basala ‘te bandima pe basalela yango na bosolo penza na molongo mobimba, ezala na kati ya bato ya Bikolo ya Lisanga bango moko to na kati ya ekolo pe molongo mobimba. ===Eténi yambo (1)=== Bato nyonso na mbotama bazali nzomi pe bakokani na limemya pe makoki. Bazali na mayele pe basengeli kofanda na bondeko okati na bango. ===Eténi ya 2=== Moto nyonso azali na makoki pe bonsomi nyonso oyo elimbolami na kati ya Lisakoli oyo, bokeseni ata moke te, na mambi matali loposo ya nzoto, bomwasi to bobali, lokota, lingomba ya nzambe, makanisi ya politiki to ya ndenge mosusu, ekolo to longomba ya bato, bokulaka, mbotama to makambo mosusu. Epai mosusu, na botalaka eloko ya moto, epikisami kosala bokeseni na mambi matali mibeko ya politiki, mibeko ya bosambisi to ya boyokani na mikili mosusu, ezala ekolo to mabele ya nsomi to oyo eyangelemani na bauta, to oyo ezwi bonsomi ya sikisiki te. ===Eténi ya 3=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kozala na bomoi, a kozala somi pe kozala motema sei na bomoto na ye. ===Eténi ya 4=== Moto ata moke te asengeli kozala moumbu; boumbu pe boteki baumbu epikisami na ndenge nyonso. ===Eténi ya 5=== Moto ata moke te asengeli konyokama pe kosalelama makambo ya bonyama pe oyo ezanga bomoto na lokumu. ===Eténi ya 6=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te bayeba makoki na ye bipai nyonso. ===Eténi ya 7=== Bato nyonso bakokani liboso ya mobeko pe bazali na likoki ya kobatelama na mobeko se ndenge moko. Banso bazali na likoki ya kobatelama se ndenge moko esongo na bikela nyonso ya bokesenisi elongobani te na Lisakoli oyo pe esengo na bikela nyonso oyo ekobota bokesenisi yango. ===Eténi ya 8=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya koluka lisalisi ya solo penza na liboso ya mangomba ya bosambisi ya ekolo oyo ezali na bwanya esongo na bikela oyo ekotangola maloki ya tina endimami na mibeko po na ye. ===Eténi ya 9=== Moto moko te akoki kokangama to kobengisama tina te. ===Eténi ya 10=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te likambo na ye lokola ya bato nyonso, essambisama na bosembo pe na miso ya bato nyonso na esambiselo ya somi pe ya epai moko te, oyo ekozwa mikano engebene na makoki pe masenginia ye to engebene na bosolo ya likambo ye afundami. ===Eténi ya 11=== Moto nyonso oyo afundami na likambo azali naino maboko pembe tee tango bakotatola engebene na mobeko, mabe ye asali, na libanza oyo ekosalama na miso ya bato nyonso, epai wapi manso esengeli kosalama po te mofundami azwa na ye. Moto ata moko te asengeli kozwa etumbu po na makambo to botiki oyo, tango esalamaki, ezalikaki naino mbeba te, engebene na mibeko ya ekolo to ya molongo. So lolenge yango, bakoki te kopesa moto etumbu koleka oyo ezalaka kopesama na tango likambo esalamaki. ===Eténi ya 12=== Moto ata moko te akoki kokota pamba na makambo etali ezaleli, libota, ndako pe mikanda ya ngana to pe kobebisa lokumu na ye. Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kobatelama na mobeko esongo na bikota-kota yango. ===Eténi ya 13=== Moto nyonso azali na makoki ya kotambola ndenge alingi pe kopona esika ya kovanda kati ya ekolo. Moto nyonso azali na makoki ya kotika ekolo nyonso ata ya ye moko po na kokenda na ekolo mosusu; ye akoki pe kozonga na ekolo na ye. ===Eténi ya 14=== Na liboso ya monyokoli, moto nyonso azali na likoki ya koluka pe kozwa esika ya kobomba nzoto na bikolo mosusu. Likoki yango likopesama te na moto afundami na likambo ya makasi to na bikela oyo elongombani te na mibeko ya Linsaga ya Bikolo ya Molongo. ===Eténi ya 15=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya koyebana mosi-ekolo. Bakoki te kopimela moto likoki ya kozala mosi-ekolo to ya kokoma moto ya ekolo mosusu. ===Eténi ya 16=== Soki mobu ya kobalana ekoki, mobali pe mwasi bakoki kokwelana pe kotonga libota pe masimbisi ezala te na makambo etali loposo, ekolo to longomba ya nzambe. Bango bazali na makoki se ndenge moko na makambo etali makwela, ezala tango ya makwela to tango ya bokabwani. Libala ekoki kosalama se soki mwasi na mobali bango mei bandimi na motema moko. Libala ezali longomba ya tina po na bato pe ezali na likoki ya kobatelama na bato pe Leta. ===Eténi ya 17=== Moto nyonso azala ye moko to na kati ya lisanga, azali na likoki ya mokolo-ekolo. Bakoki ata moke te kopimela to kobotola moto eloko na ye soki tina ezali te. ===Eténi ya 18=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki, ya kozala na makanisi na ye, mayele na ye ya motema pe lingomba na ye ya nzambe; likoki yango ekopesa ye ndingisa ya kopona lingomba ya nzambe to kobongola makanisi na ye, ye moko to elongo na baninga, ezala na miso ya bato ya mei; na boteyi, na bikela, na bokumisi nzambe pe milulu. ===Eténi ya 19=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya bokanisi pe bolobi; yango ekopesa ye ndingisa ya kozala na bomo na motema te likolo ya makanisi na ye ndingisa ya koluka, kozwa pe kopanza mayebisi na makanisi esika na esika, na ndenge alingi koyebisa yango. ===Eténi ya 20=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kozala na likita pe lingomba oyo ezali na kinya. Ekoki te kosengama na makasi te moto akota na lingomba. ===Eténi ya 21=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kotia maboko na bokambi misala ya ekolo na ye ezala ye moko to na batoma ye moko aponi. Moto nyonso azali na likoki, lokola baninga nyonso ya kosala misala ya Leta. Bolingi yango esengeli komonana na maponi ya sembo oyo esengeli kosalama mbala na mbala, na liponeli ya bato nyonso pe na boponi ya Lingomba to na ndenge mosusu ekokani na yango pe ekosala ‘te bato bapona na bonsomi nyonso. ===Eténi ya 22=== Moto nyonso, lokola azali moko ya lingomba, azali na likoki ya kozwa lisalisi ya esalelo-lisungi, oyo ezali na ndingisa ya kopesa moto makoki ya ye ya mosolo, ya bomoi pe ezaleli, po na lokumu pe bokoli malamu ya bomoto na ye, na lisalisi ya bokasi ya ekolo pe ya boyokani ya mikili na mikili, engebene na mwango pe bokulaka ya ekolo na ekolo. ===Eténi ya 23=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kozwa mosala, ya kopona mosala ye alingi, na ndenge ya sembo elongobani na mosala, pe basengeli kobatela ya esongo na bosomele. Bato nyonso bazali na likoki, bokeseni ata te, ya kozwa lifuta ekokani po na mosala ekokani. Moto nyonso akosala, azali na likoki ya kozwa lifuta ya sembo pe elongobani, oyo ekosala te ye na libota na ye bazwa bomoi elongobani na lokumu ya moto, pe ekoki kobongisama lisusu na ndenge nyonso ya bobateli bomoi. Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kokela basendika elongo na baninga pe kokota na basendika po na kokengela maloki na ye. ===Eténi ya 24=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya bopemisi pe bopemisi nzoto, mingi ya bozwui eleko ya sembo ya boumeli na mosala pe na bozwi lifuta na bakonzi ya mbala na mbala. ===Eténi ya 25=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kobikela na ndenge elongobani po ‘te azwa bokolongonu, bozala malamu ya ye pe ya libota na ye epusi na makambo etali kolia, kolata, kovanda, kosalisa nzoto pe kosungama na ndenge esengeli; ye azali na likoki ya kosalisama na tango ya bosemele, bokono, bosele, bozenge, bobange to na tango mosusu ye akozanga mosolo ya kobikela na sima ya makambo esalami na bolinga na ye te. Bomama pe bomwana ezali na likoki ya kosungama na ndenge elongobani. Mwana nyonso abotama kati ya makwela to na libanda asengeli kobatelama to ndenge moko. ===Eténi ya 26=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya bokolisi bwanya pe mayele. Mateya esengeli kopesama pamba, mosolo te, ata na bakelasi ya mabandela. Mateya ya mabandela esengeni kopesama na moto nyonso. Mateya ya tekiniki pe ya mosala esengeli kopesama bipai nyonso; eposa ya kozwa mateya ya kelasi ya minene esengeli kopesama na bato nyonso, se ndenge moko, engebene na mayele na bango. Bokolisi bwanya pe mayele esengeli kosala te moto akola na ndenge nyonso pe atosa malamu penza makoki pe bonsomi ya tina na moto. Yango esengeli komema boyokani, boboto, bolingo kati ya bikolo pe mangomba ya bato oyo loposo pe boyambi ekeseni; yango pe esengeli kobongisa misala ya Lisanga ya Bikolo ya Molongo po na bobateli kimya. Baboti bazali na likoki ya yambo, ya boponi ndenge ya mateya esengeli kopesama na bana na bango. ===Eténi ya 27=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ya kotia maboko ndenge alingi na misala ya bokolisi bwanyaya lingomba, kopesela na nkoti, pe kotia maboko na botomboli zebi pe bolamu ya yango. Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te matomba ya misala ya ye ya zebi, ya bokomi pe ya nkoti ebatelama. ===Eténi ya 28=== Moto nyonso azali na likoki ‘te kati ya bato pe bikolo, nyonso ebonga po te makoki pe bonsomi oyo ekomami kati ya Lisakoli oyo elonga. ===Eténi ya 29=== Moto azali na mikumba epai ya lingomba oyo ekopesa ye eposa ya bokolisi bomoto na ye na ndenge elongobani. Moto nyonso, na botalaka makoki pe bonsomi na ye, asengeli kosala se mikumba oyo eyebani na mobeko se po ‘te bayeba pe bakumisa maloki pe bonsomi ya baninga, pe po na kotosa mibeko ya sembo ya ezalela kinya ya bato pe bozali malamu kati ya lingomba ya boyangeli lisanga. Makoki pe bonsomi yango ekoki, ata moke te, kozala esongo na masengi ya Lisanga ya Bikolo ya Molongo. ===Eténi ya 30=== Mobeko ata moko te ya Lisanga oyo ekoki kozala po na Leta, na lisanga ya bato, to na moto, likoki ya kosala likambo oyo ekonyata makoki pe bonsomi awa. ==Tála mpé== * [[Demokrasi]] * [[Lisánga ya Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ́]] * [[Politiki]] [[af:Universele Verklaring van Menseregte]] [[ar:الإعلان العالمي لحقوق الإنسان]] [[ast:Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos]] [[bm:Hadamaden josiraw dantigɛkan]] [[bn:মানবাধিকার সনদ]] [[ca:Declaració Universal dels Drets Humans]] [[cs:Všeobecná deklarace lidských práv]] [[da:Menneskerettighedserklæringen]] [[de:Allgemeine Erklärung der Menschenrechte]] [[en:Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] [[eo:Universala Deklaracio de Homaj Rajtoj]] [[es:Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos]] [[et:Inimõiguste ülddeklaratsioon]] [[fr:Déclaration universelle des Droits de l'Homme]] [[fur:Declarazion universâl dai dirits dal om]] [[fy:Universele Ferklearring fan de Rjochten fan de Minske]] [[gl:Declaración Universal dos Dereitos Humanos]] [[gn:Tekove yvypóra kuéra maymáva derecho kuaaukaha]] [[he:ההכרזה לכל באי עולם בדבר זכויות האדם]] [[hu:Az Emberi Jogok Egyetemes Nyilatkozata]] [[is:Mannréttindayfirlýsing Sameinuðu þjóðanna]] [[it:Dichiarazione universale dei diritti dell'uomo]] [[ja:世界人権宣言]] [[ko:세계인권선언]] [[nl:Universele Verklaring van de Rechten van de Mens]] [[nn:Menneskerettsfråsegna]] [[no:Menneskerettighetserklæringen]] [[pl:Powszechna Deklaracja Praw Człowieka]] [[pt:Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos]] [[ro:Declaraţia Universală a Drepturilor Omului]] [[ru:Всеобщая декларация прав человека]] [[sc:Decraratzione Universale de sos Deretos de s'Òmine]] [[simple:Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] [[sk:Všeobecná deklarácia ľudských práv]] [[sl:Splošna deklaracija človekovih pravic]] [[sq:Deklarata e Përgjithshme mbi të Drejtat e Njeriut]] [[sr:Универзална декларација о људским правима]] [[sv:FN:s deklaration om de mänskliga rättigheterna]] [[tet:Deklarasaun Universál Direitus Umanus Nian]] [[tr:İnsan Hakları Evrensel Beyannamesi]] [[uk:Загальна декларація прав людини]] [[vi:Tuyên ngôn Quốc tế Nhân quyền]] [[zh:世界人权宣言]] [[zh-min-nan:Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân]] Kɔ́ngɔ 1017 2242 2005-01-20T15:27:34Z 195.65.169.21 abcd * [[Kongo-Brazzaville]] (''République du Congo'', ex Congo français) * [[Kongo-Kinshasa]] (''République Démocratique du Congo'', ex Zaïre, ex Congo belge) * [[Kongo (ebale]]) 2403 2005-01-20T15:20:24Z 195.65.169.21 * Kongo Brazzaville (République du Congo, ex Congo français)) * Kongo Kinshasa (République Démocratique du Congo, ex Zaïre, ex Congo belge) * Kongo (ebale) 2472 2005-03-09T15:04:41Z Bombo 12 link * [[Kongo-Brazzaville]] (République du Congo, ex République populaire du Congo, ex Congo français) * [[Kongo-Kinshasa]] (République Démocratique du Congo, ex Zaïre, ex Congo belge, ex État du Congo libre) * [[Kongo (ebale)]] 2473 2005-03-31T09:32:04Z 194.40.129.54 * [[Kongo-Brazzaville]] (République du Congo, ex République populaire du Congo, ex Congo français) * [[Kongo-Kinshasa]] (République Démocratique du Congo, ex Zaïre, ex Congo belge, ex État du Congo libre) * [[Kongó (ebale)]] 2474 2005-03-31T09:32:47Z 194.40.129.54 * [[Kongó-Brazzaville]] (République du Congo, ex République populaire du Congo, ex Congo français) * [[Kongo-Kinshasa]] (République Démocratique du Congo, ex Zaïre, ex Congo belge, ex État du Congo libre) * [[Kongó (ebale)]] 2704 2005-03-31T09:33:59Z 194.40.129.54 * [[Kongó-Brazzaville]] (République du Congo, ex République populaire du Congo, ex Congo français) * [[Kongó-Kinshasa]] (République Démocratique du Congo, ex Zaïre, ex Congo belge, ex État du Congo libre) * [[Kongó (ebale)]] 4588 2005-06-01T18:52:58Z Moyogo 11 * [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] (République du Congo, ex République populaire du Congo, ex Congo français) * [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] (République Démocratique du Congo, ex Zaïre, ex Congo belge, ex État du Congo libre) * [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)]] 5246 2005-07-11T06:27:49Z 199.8.238.219 * [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] (Republiki ya Kongo, ex République populaire du Congo, ex Congo français) * [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] (Republiki ya Kongo Demokratiki, ex Zaïre, ex Kongo belji, ex Ekolo ya Kongo ya Bonsomi) * [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)]] {{Bokokani}} 5305 2005-07-11T21:18:04Z 199.8.236.60 * [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] (Republiki ya Kongo, ex République populaire du Congo, ex Kongo ya Falansia) * [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] (Republiki ya Kongo Demokratiki, ex Zaïre, ex Kongo belji, ex Ekolo ya Kongo ya Bonsomi) * [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)]] {{Bokokani}} 5871 2005-07-31T08:57:55Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:Congo-Brazzaville-Congo-Kinshasa.png|right]] * [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] (Republiki ya Kongo, yambo République populaire du Congo mpé [[Kɔngɔ ya Falansia]]) * [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] (Republiki ya Kongo Demokratiki, yambo [[Zaïre]], [[Kongo belji]] mpé [[Ekolo ya Kɔ́ngɔ ya Bonsɔ́mi]]) * [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)]] * {{Bokokani}} 5873 2005-07-31T12:22:49Z Moyogo 11 {{Bokokani}} [[Image:Congo-Brazzaville-Congo-Kinshasa.png|right]] * [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] (Republiki ya Kongo, yambo République populaire du Congo mpé [[Kɔngɔ ya Falansia]]) * [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] (Republiki ya Kongo Demokratiki, yambo [[Zaire]], [[Kongo belji]] mpé [[Ekolo ya Kɔ́ngɔ ya Bonsɔ́mi]]) * [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)]] * 5997 2005-08-16T14:40:27Z Robbot 14 robot Ajoute: da, de, en, eo, fr, he, id, it, ja, ko, nl, no, pl, pt, sl, zh, zh-min-nan {{Bokokani}} [[Image:Congo-Brazzaville-Congo-Kinshasa.png|right]] * [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] (Republiki ya Kongo, yambo République populaire du Congo mpé [[Kɔngɔ ya Falansia]]) * [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] (Republiki ya Kongo Demokratiki, yambo [[Zaire]], [[Kongo belji]] mpé [[Ekolo ya Kɔ́ngɔ ya Bonsɔ́mi]]) * [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)]] * [[da:Congo]] [[de:Kongo]] [[en:Congo]] [[eo:Kongo]] [[fr:Congo]] [[he:קונגו]] [[id:Kongo]] [[it:Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ]] [[ko:콩고]] [[nl:Congo]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Kongo]] [[pt:Congo (desambiguação)]] [[sl:Kongo]] [[zh:刚果]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo]] 7186 2005-12-04T21:39:21Z Moyogo 11 Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki {{Bokokani}} [[Image:Congo-Brazzaville-Congo-Kinshasa.png|right]] * [[Kɔ́ngɔ (Brazzaville)]] (Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ, yambo ''République populaire du Congo'' mpé [[Kɔngɔ ya Falansia]]) * [[Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] (Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki, yambo [[Zaire]], [[Kɔ́ngɔ bɛlji]] mpé [[Ekólo ya Kɔ́ngɔ ya Bonsɔ́mi]]) * [[ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] [[da:Congo]] [[de:Kongo]] [[en:Congo]] [[eo:Kongo]] [[fr:Congo]] [[he:קונגו]] [[id:Kongo]] [[it:Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ]] [[ko:콩고]] [[nl:Congo]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Kongo]] [[pt:Congo (desambiguação)]] [[sl:Kongo]] [[zh:刚果]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo]] 7188 2005-12-04T21:46:25Z Moyogo 11 {{Bokokani}} [[Image:Congo-Brazzaville-Congo-Kinshasa.png|right]] * [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]] (Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ, yambo ''République populaire du Congo'' mpé [[Kɔngɔ ya Falansia]]) * [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] (Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki, yambo [[Zaire]], [[Kɔ́ngɔ bɛlji]] mpé [[Ekólo ya Kɔ́ngɔ ya Bonsɔ́mi]]) * [[ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] [[da:Congo]] [[de:Kongo]] [[en:Congo]] [[eo:Kongo]] [[fr:Congo]] [[he:קונגו]] [[id:Kongo]] [[it:Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ]] [[ko:콩고]] [[nl:Congo]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Kongo]] [[pt:Congo (desambiguação)]] [[sl:Kongo]] [[zh:刚果]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo]] 7285 2005-12-08T00:43:58Z 70.37.48.16 en {{Bokokani}} [[Image:Congo-Brazzaville-Congo-Kinshasa.png|right]] * [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]] (Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ, yambo ''République populaire du Congo'' mpé [[Kɔngɔ ya Falansia]]) * [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] (Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki, yambo [[Zaire]], [[Kɔ́ngɔ bɛlji]] mpé [[Ekólo ya Kɔ́ngɔ ya Bonsɔ́mi]]) * [[ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] [[da:Congo]] [[de:Kongo]] [[en:Congo (disambiguation)]] [[eo:Kongo]] [[fr:Congo]] [[he:קונגו]] [[id:Kongo]] [[it:Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ]] [[ko:콩고]] [[nl:Congo]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Kongo]] [[pt:Congo (desambiguação)]] [[sl:Kongo]] [[zh:刚果]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo]] 7963 2006-04-05T04:47:22Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: bg, ca, es, fa, hr, is, lt, ru, sv, sw, wa {{Bokokani}} [[Image:Congo-Brazzaville-Congo-Kinshasa.png|right]] * [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]] (Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ, yambo ''République populaire du Congo'' mpé [[Kɔngɔ ya Falansia]]) * [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] (Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki, yambo [[Zaire]], [[Kɔ́ngɔ bɛlji]] mpé [[Ekólo ya Kɔ́ngɔ ya Bonsɔ́mi]]) * [[ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] [[bg:Конго]] [[ca:Congo]] [[da:Congo]] [[de:Kongo]] [[en:Congo (disambiguation)]] [[eo:Kongo]] [[es:Congo]] [[fa:کنگو (ابهام‌زدایی)]] [[fr:Congo]] [[he:קונגו]] [[hr:Kongo]] [[id:Kongo]] [[is:Kongó]] [[it:Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ]] [[ko:콩고]] [[lt:Kongas]] [[nl:Congo]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Kongo]] [[pt:Congo (desambiguação)]] [[ru:Конго]] [[sl:Kongo]] [[sv:Kongo]] [[sw:Kongo]] [[wa:Congo]] [[zh:刚果]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo]] 9021 2006-08-02T05:51:54Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: [[cs:Kongo]], [[io:Kongo (homonimo)]], [[oc:Congò]] {{Bokokani}} [[Image:Congo-Brazzaville-Congo-Kinshasa.png|right]] * [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]] (Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ, yambo ''République populaire du Congo'' mpé [[Kɔngɔ ya Falansia]]) * [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] (Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki, yambo [[Zaire]], [[Kɔ́ngɔ bɛlji]] mpé [[Ekólo ya Kɔ́ngɔ ya Bonsɔ́mi]]) * [[ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] [[bg:Конго]] [[ca:Congo]] [[cs:Kongo]] [[da:Congo]] [[de:Kongo]] [[en:Congo (disambiguation)]] [[eo:Kongo]] [[es:Congo]] [[fa:کنگو (ابهام‌زدایی)]] [[fr:Congo]] [[he:קונגו]] [[hr:Kongo]] [[id:Kongo]] [[io:Kongo (homonimo)]] [[is:Kongó]] [[it:Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ]] [[ko:콩고]] [[lt:Kongas]] [[nl:Congo]] [[no:Kongo]] [[oc:Congò]] [[pl:Kongo]] [[pt:Congo (desambiguação)]] [[ru:Конго]] [[sl:Kongo]] [[sv:Kongo]] [[sw:Kongo]] [[wa:Congo]] [[zh:刚果]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo]] 9322 2006-09-05T16:15:52Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: el, fi {{Bokokani}} [[Image:Congo-Brazzaville-Congo-Kinshasa.png|right]] * [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]] (Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ, yambo ''République populaire du Congo'' mpé [[Kɔngɔ ya Falansia]]) * [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] (Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki, yambo [[Zaire]], [[Kɔ́ngɔ bɛlji]] mpé [[Ekólo ya Kɔ́ngɔ ya Bonsɔ́mi]]) * [[ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] [[bg:Конго]] [[ca:Congo]] [[cs:Kongo]] [[da:Congo]] [[de:Kongo]] [[el:Κονγκό]] [[en:Congo (disambiguation)]] [[eo:Kongo]] [[es:Congo]] [[fa:کنگو (ابهام‌زدایی)]] [[fi:Kongo]] [[fr:Congo]] [[he:קונגו]] [[hr:Kongo]] [[id:Kongo]] [[io:Kongo (homonimo)]] [[is:Kongó]] [[it:Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ]] [[ko:콩고]] [[lt:Kongas]] [[nl:Congo]] [[no:Kongo]] [[oc:Congò]] [[pl:Kongo]] [[pt:Congo (desambiguação)]] [[ru:Конго]] [[sl:Kongo]] [[sv:Kongo]] [[sw:Kongo]] [[wa:Congo]] [[zh:刚果]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo]] 9345 2006-09-14T16:17:00Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: fy {{Bokokani}} [[Image:Congo-Brazzaville-Congo-Kinshasa.png|right]] * [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]] (Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ, yambo ''République populaire du Congo'' mpé [[Kɔngɔ ya Falansia]]) * [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] (Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki, yambo [[Zaire]], [[Kɔ́ngɔ bɛlji]] mpé [[Ekólo ya Kɔ́ngɔ ya Bonsɔ́mi]]) * [[ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] [[bg:Конго]] [[ca:Congo]] [[cs:Kongo]] [[da:Congo]] [[de:Kongo]] [[el:Κονγκό]] [[en:Congo (disambiguation)]] [[eo:Kongo]] [[es:Congo]] [[fa:کنگو (ابهام‌زدایی)]] [[fi:Kongo]] [[fr:Congo]] [[fy:Kongo]] [[he:קונגו]] [[hr:Kongo]] [[id:Kongo]] [[io:Kongo (homonimo)]] [[is:Kongó]] [[it:Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ]] [[ko:콩고]] [[lt:Kongas]] [[nl:Congo]] [[no:Kongo]] [[oc:Congò]] [[pl:Kongo]] [[pt:Congo (desambiguação)]] [[ru:Конго]] [[sl:Kongo]] [[sv:Kongo]] [[sw:Kongo]] [[wa:Congo]] [[zh:刚果]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo]] Help:Contents 1021 2186 2005-01-22T00:04:01Z 80.218.21.70 '''Vous parlez le lingala? N'hésitez pas, cliquez sur edit et traduisez cette page ou un paragraphe!''' Cet article est l'aide du projet Wikipédia [[lingala]]. Vous trouverez sur cette page des liens vers différentes rubriques. * Si vous vous posez des questions, il y a de bonnes chances que vous les trouviez dans notre Foire aux questions qui contient les réponses aux questions les plus courantes. * Pour savoir comment editer, cliquez ici: [[FAQ]] Wikipédia est un projet encyclopédique de type WikiWiki, libre et gratuit. Le 23 février 2004, l'ensemble du projet comportait environ 500 000 articles en plus de 50 langues différentes. En septembre de la même année, le projet a doublé ces deux nombres... Le contenu de Wikipédia est couvert par la Licence de documentation libre GNU. == On sait maintenant que toute la connaissance ne rentrera plus jamais dans un seul ouvrage. Donc est-ce encore utile, une encyclopédie ? == '' Le but d'une encyclopédie n'est pas d'accumuler toute la connaissance, mais de donner un résumé.'' Le but et l'intérêt d'une encyclopédie sont surtout de relier les connaissances entre elles. La raison d'être d'une encyclopédie n'est pas d'être finie mais d'exister, et son utilité tient à son existence, et pas à son exhaustivité. == Quand a débuté Wikipédia ? == Le projet a commencé le 15 janvier 2001 en anglais : http://www.wikipedia.org/. Son fondateur est Jimbo Wales, propriétaire de la société Bomis. == le Wikipédia ou la Wikipédia ? == En fait, on constate que le mot Wikipédia désigne trois entités différentes : * L'encyclopédie Wikipédia qui est inspirée d'encyclopædia, tournure latine clairement féminine. La forme française encyclopédie est également de genre féminin. * Le projet d'écriture de l'encyclopédie et sa communauté associée : on parle alors du Wikipédia. * Le logiciel Wikipédia support du site : usage secondaire où le masculin semble aussi plus naturel. En résumé, le cœur du projet ou encyclopédie invite à l'emploi au féminin, alors que les autres emplois se font généralement au masculin. == Comment fonctionne Wikipédia ? == Voir aussi : [[FAQ]], Comment éditer une page Sur le principe du Wiki avec un logiciel adapté pour la circonstance (MediaWiki). Il y a actuellement plusieurs centaines de contributeurs pour la partie francophone et plusieurs milliers pour la partie anglophone. Toute personne peut créer ou modifier un article. Les contributeurs peuvent se créer un compte avec un nom et un mot de passe, mais ce n'est pas obligatoire. Les contributeurs enregistrés bénéficient d'une page personnelle et de fonctionnalités supplémentaires, notamment le suivi et l'historique de leurs contributions. De ce fait, la plupart des contributeurs sont enregistrés. == Comment peut-on être sûr de la crédibilité des informations ? == La question de la crédibilité de l'information est une question à se poser en permanence lorsque nous lisons un journal, écoutons la radio, regardons la télé ou lisons un article de Wikipédia. La seule différence avec Wikipédia, c'est que si vous trouvez quelque chose qui vous semble faux, vous pouvez le corriger immédiatement. N'oubliez pas qu'un article, c'est la version du jour plus son historique, des milliers d'yeux et des milliers de mains essaient de faire leur travail honnêtement. [modifier] == Qui possède Wikipédia ? == Humm... Bonne question. Jusqu'à l'été 2003, w:Jimbo Wales, ou plutôt sa société Bomis, Inc, commanditait Wikipédia (et fournissait donc les serveurs) et payait la bande passante. Jimbo est aussi appelé notre benevolent dictator. À présent, le propriétaire des serveurs, du nom de domaine et de la disposition des pages est la ''Fondation Wikimedia'', fondation à but non lucratif de droit américain, établie en 2003. Bomis, Inc, nous fournit toujours sa connexion internet. Par ailleurs, les articles sont publiés sous la Licence de documentation libre GNU GFDL, ces articles sont donc libres. On ne peut donc pas vraiment dire que la Fondation possède les articles, au sens traditionnel du terme. On peut donc dire que personne ne la possède. Ou qu'elle nous appartient à tous. Et surtout à chacun(e). == Utilisation du contenu de Wikipédia == Le but de Wikipédia est de créer une source d'informations dans le format d'une encyclopédie référencée qui soit accessible à tous gratuitement. La licence que nous utilisons pour le contenu est très semblable à celle du logiciel libre: le contenu peut être copié, modifié, redistribué, mais toute nouvelle version est obligatoirement sous la même licence et doit indiquer Wikipédia comme source. Dans ce but, le texte des articles disponibles sur Wikipédia est couvert par la Licence de documentation libre GNU. Celle-ci garantit la liberté du contenu à perpétuité. Principalement : * le contenu de Wikipédia est libre de droits ; * chacun a le droit de le copier ; * chacun a le droit de le modifier, ici ou ailleurs ; * Wikipédia doit être indiquée comme source ; * toute copie ou modification est obligatoirement soumise aux mêmes conditions. == Autres langues et projets == Voir aussi : m:Complete list of wikimedia projects Le projet a débuté en anglais ; avec le succès de cette première version, d'autres langues ont été lancées. Pour aider à la coordination des langues, nous utilisons des listes de discussions, et l'espace méta : http://meta.wikipedia.org. Des ambassades existent pour la Coordination multilingue. Environ 50 langues sont actives. Plus de 150 sont cependant en place. Wikipédia dans des langues africaines: * en afrikaans: http://br.wikipedia.org/ * en basa sunda: http://su.wikipedia.org/ * en sesoto: http://st.wikipedia.org/ * en swahili: http://eu.wikipedia.org/ * en wolof: http://wo.wikipedia.org/ * en zulu: http://zu.wikipedia.org/ Voir aussi: Statistiques: Évolution du nombre d'articles sur les différentes Wikipédias et classement selon le nombre d'articles == Autres projets == * Wiktionary (http://fr.wiktionary.org): un dictionnaire et thésaurus * Nupedia (http://www.nupedia.com). L'encyclopédie Nupédia * Enciclopedia Libre (http://enciclopedia.us.es/). Une encyclopédie libre en espagnol == Serveurs, logiciel et développement == Wikipédia utilise un logiciel libre sous licence GPL appelé MediaWiki disponible sur http://wikipedia.sourceforge.net/. Le site fonctionne actuellement sur des serveurs Linux avec Apache, PHP, MySQL et Squid. La maintenance des serveurs et le développement de l'application sont assurés par les participants volontaires en tant que développeurs. == Qui dirige Wikipédia ? == Personne ne dirige Wikipédia, toutefois certains contributeurs ont accès à des fonctionnalités supplémentaires : ce sont les administrateurs. Ceux-ci peuvent supprimer des pages, bloquer ou débloquer une page, et aussi bloquer un contributeur. Les administrateurs sont choisis par consensus parmi les contributeurs ayant déjà plusieurs mois de participation. Les bureaucrates sont des administrateurs locaux pouvant nommer des utilisateurs administrateurs. Les m:stewards peuvent modifier le statut de n'importe quel utilisateur sur tout projet Wikimedia. Un statut administratif n'a pas d'incidence sur la participation en tant qu'éditeur. == Quel est l'intérêt pour un éditeur d'en faire partie ? == Apprendre et partager. == Et ça marche ou pas ? == Très bien! Nous possédons déjà de nombreux articles de qualité (Wikipédia:Articles de qualité). Vous pouvez consulter les statistiques de fréquentation de la partie francophone à http://fr.wikipedia.org/stats/, ainsi que des statistiques détaillées sur l'ensemble de l'encyclopédie à http://www.wikipedia.org/wikistats/FR/Sitemap.htm Wikipédia est le site Web encyclopédique le plus visité au monde. C'est aussi le plus gros Wiki. Le nombre d'articles non anglophones a dépassé le nombre d'articles en anglais. Récemment Wikipédia est entrée dans les 400 sites Web les plus visités : http://www.alexa.com/data/details/traffic_details?q=wikipedia&url=http://www.wikipedia.org/ et atteint une fréquentation équivalente à celle de Slashdot pour donner un ordre d'idée. Il y a environ 1 800 utilisateurs avec un compte sur le Wikipédia en français. == Toutes les Wikipédias sont-elles sur le même serveur ? == Oui et non. Jusqu'à l'été 2002, seule la Wikipédia anglaise était en phase 3 (version 3 du logiciel) et les autres Wikipédias (en phase I) étaient sur un deuxième serveur. Les Wikipédias passées en phase III ont été progressivement réunies au cours de l'automne 2002 (passage à la version 3 du logiciel). Au printemps 2003, un deuxième serveur est arrivé à la rescousse; la Wikipédia anglaise a donc été à nouveau séparée des autres Wikipédias. À l'automne 2003, les besoins en serveurs se font lourdement sentir en raison des fortes augmentations de trafic. Une levée de fonds (http://wikimediafoundation.org/Faites_un_don) est organisée. Le 13 février 2004, de nouveaux serveurs sont arrivés, neuf au total. Ils sont tous au service de toutes les encyclopédies. Détail des serveurs. Une solution au problème du stockage des données, et par conséquent également au problème de la bande passante, pourrait être de remplacer le système actuel de type clients/serveur par un système de réseau partagé de type poste-à-poste ("peer to peer"). [modifier] J'ai de nombreuses objections au concept de Wikipédia... Allez lire les réponses aux objections les plus courantes. Consultez également ce qui pourrait arriver de pire à Wikipédia (http://meta.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Worst_cases) == Communications internes == Pour communiquer entre nous, nous utilisons les pages de discussion de chaque article, nos propres pages personnelles (voir la liste des participants) et des espaces de discussions. == Ils ont parlé de Wikipédia... == Depuis peu, en partie grâce à son intégration dans le logiciel Mozilla Firefox, Wikipédia devient de plus en plus connue... On peut consulter le recensement des articles concernant Wikipédia, sur la page de revue de presse. 2187 2005-01-24T00:15:07Z Bombo 12 '''Vous parlez le lingala? N'hésitez pas, cliquez sur edit et traduisez cette page ou un paragraphe!''' Cet article est l'aide du projet Wikipédia [[lingala]]. Vous trouverez sur cette page des liens vers différentes rubriques. * Si vous vous posez des questions, il y a de bonnes chances que vous les trouviez dans notre Foire aux questions qui contient les réponses aux questions les plus courantes. * Pour savoir comment editer, cliquez ici: [[FAQ]] Wikipédia est un projet encyclopédique de type WikiWiki, libre et gratuit. Le 23 février 2004, l'ensemble du projet comportait environ 500 000 articles en plus de 50 langues différentes. En septembre de la même année, le projet a doublé ces deux nombres... Le contenu de Wikipédia est couvert par la Licence de documentation libre GNU. == On sait maintenant que toute la connaissance ne rentrera plus jamais dans un seul ouvrage. Donc est-ce encore utile, une encyclopédie ? == '' Le but d'une encyclopédie n'est pas d'accumuler toute la connaissance, mais de donner un résumé.'' Le but et l'intérêt d'une encyclopédie sont surtout de relier les connaissances entre elles. La raison d'être d'une encyclopédie n'est pas d'être finie mais d'exister, et son utilité tient à son existence, et pas à son exhaustivité. == Quand a débuté Wikipédia ? == Le projet a commencé le 15 janvier 2001 en anglais : http://www.wikipedia.org/. Son fondateur est Jimbo Wales, propriétaire de la société Bomis. == le Wikipédia ou la Wikipédia ? == En fait, on constate que le mot Wikipédia désigne trois entités différentes : * L'encyclopédie Wikipédia qui est inspirée d'encyclopædia, tournure latine clairement féminine. La forme française encyclopédie est également de genre féminin. * Le projet d'écriture de l'encyclopédie et sa communauté associée : on parle alors du Wikipédia. * Le logiciel Wikipédia support du site : usage secondaire où le masculin semble aussi plus naturel. En résumé, le cœur du projet ou encyclopédie invite à l'emploi au féminin, alors que les autres emplois se font généralement au masculin. == Comment fonctionne Wikipédia ? == Voir aussi : [[FAQ]], Comment éditer une page Sur le principe du Wiki avec un logiciel adapté pour la circonstance (MediaWiki). Il y a actuellement plusieurs centaines de contributeurs pour la partie francophone et plusieurs milliers pour la partie anglophone. Toute personne peut créer ou modifier un article. Les contributeurs peuvent se créer un compte avec un nom et un mot de passe, mais ce n'est pas obligatoire. Les contributeurs enregistrés bénéficient d'une page personnelle et de fonctionnalités supplémentaires, notamment le suivi et l'historique de leurs contributions. De ce fait, la plupart des contributeurs sont enregistrés. == Comment peut-on être sûr de la crédibilité des informations ? == La question de la crédibilité de l'information est une question à se poser en permanence lorsque nous lisons un journal, écoutons la radio, regardons la télé ou lisons un article de Wikipédia. La seule différence avec Wikipédia, c'est que si vous trouvez quelque chose qui vous semble faux, vous pouvez le corriger immédiatement. N'oubliez pas qu'un article, c'est la version du jour plus son historique, des milliers d'yeux et des milliers de mains essaient de faire leur travail honnêtement. [modifier] == Qui possède Wikipédia ? == Humm... Bonne question. Jusqu'à l'été 2003, w:Jimbo Wales, ou plutôt sa société Bomis, Inc, commanditait Wikipédia (et fournissait donc les serveurs) et payait la bande passante. Jimbo est aussi appelé notre benevolent dictator. À présent, le propriétaire des serveurs, du nom de domaine et de la disposition des pages est la ''Fondation Wikimedia'', fondation à but non lucratif de droit américain, établie en 2003. Bomis, Inc, nous fournit toujours sa connexion internet. Par ailleurs, les articles sont publiés sous la Licence de documentation libre GNU GFDL, ces articles sont donc libres. On ne peut donc pas vraiment dire que la Fondation possède les articles, au sens traditionnel du terme. On peut donc dire que personne ne la possède. Ou qu'elle nous appartient à tous. Et surtout à chacun(e). == Utilisation du contenu de Wikipédia == Le but de Wikipédia est de créer une source d'informations dans le format d'une encyclopédie référencée qui soit accessible à tous gratuitement. La licence que nous utilisons pour le contenu est très semblable à celle du logiciel libre: le contenu peut être copié, modifié, redistribué, mais toute nouvelle version est obligatoirement sous la même licence et doit indiquer Wikipédia comme source. Dans ce but, le texte des articles disponibles sur Wikipédia est couvert par la Licence de documentation libre GNU. Celle-ci garantit la liberté du contenu à perpétuité. Principalement : * le contenu de Wikipédia est libre de droits ; * chacun a le droit de le copier ; * chacun a le droit de le modifier, ici ou ailleurs ; * Wikipédia doit être indiquée comme source ; * toute copie ou modification est obligatoirement soumise aux mêmes conditions. == Autres langues et projets == Voir aussi : m:Complete list of wikimedia projects Le projet a débuté en anglais ; avec le succès de cette première version, d'autres langues ont été lancées. Pour aider à la coordination des langues, nous utilisons des listes de discussions, et l'espace méta : http://meta.wikipedia.org. Des ambassades existent pour la Coordination multilingue. Environ 50 langues sont actives. Plus de 150 sont cependant en place. Wikipédia dans des langues africaines: * en afrikaans: http://br.wikipedia.org/ * en basa sunda: http://su.wikipedia.org/ * en sesoto: http://st.wikipedia.org/ * en swahili: http://eu.wikipedia.org/ * en wolof: http://wo.wikipedia.org/ * en zulu: http://zu.wikipedia.org/ Voir aussi: Statistiques: Évolution du nombre d'articles sur les différentes Wikipédias et classement selon le nombre d'articles == Autres projets == * Wiktionary (http://fr.wiktionary.org): un dictionnaire et thésaurus * Nupedia (http://www.nupedia.com). L'encyclopédie Nupédia * Enciclopedia Libre (http://enciclopedia.us.es/). Une encyclopédie libre en espagnol == Serveurs, logiciel et développement == Wikipédia utilise un logiciel libre sous licence GPL appelé MediaWiki disponible sur http://wikipedia.sourceforge.net/. Le site fonctionne actuellement sur des serveurs Linux avec Apache, PHP, MySQL et Squid. La maintenance des serveurs et le développement de l'application sont assurés par les participants volontaires en tant que développeurs. == Qui dirige Wikipédia ? == Personne ne dirige Wikipédia, toutefois certains contributeurs ont accès à des fonctionnalités supplémentaires : ce sont les administrateurs. Ceux-ci peuvent supprimer des pages, bloquer ou débloquer une page, et aussi bloquer un contributeur. Les administrateurs sont choisis par consensus parmi les contributeurs ayant déjà plusieurs mois de participation. Les bureaucrates sont des administrateurs locaux pouvant nommer des utilisateurs administrateurs. Les m:stewards peuvent modifier le statut de n'importe quel utilisateur sur tout projet Wikimedia. Un statut administratif n'a pas d'incidence sur la participation en tant qu'éditeur. == Quel est l'intérêt pour un éditeur d'en faire partie ? == Apprendre et partager. == Et ça marche ou pas ? == Très bien! Nous possédons déjà de nombreux articles de qualité (Wikipédia:Articles de qualité). Vous pouvez consulter les statistiques de fréquentation de la partie francophone à http://fr.wikipedia.org/stats/, ainsi que des statistiques détaillées sur l'ensemble de l'encyclopédie à http://www.wikipedia.org/wikistats/FR/Sitemap.htm Wikipédia est le site Web encyclopédique le plus visité au monde. C'est aussi le plus gros Wiki. Le nombre d'articles non anglophones a dépassé le nombre d'articles en anglais. Récemment Wikipédia est entrée dans les 400 sites Web les plus visités : http://www.alexa.com/data/details/traffic_details?q=wikipedia&url=http://www.wikipedia.org/ et atteint une fréquentation équivalente à celle de Slashdot pour donner un ordre d'idée. Il y a environ 1 800 utilisateurs avec un compte sur le Wikipédia en français. == Toutes les Wikipédias sont-elles sur le même serveur ? == Oui et non. Jusqu'à l'été 2002, seule la Wikipédia anglaise était en phase 3 (version 3 du logiciel) et les autres Wikipédias (en phase I) étaient sur un deuxième serveur. Les Wikipédias passées en phase III ont été progressivement réunies au cours de l'automne 2002 (passage à la version 3 du logiciel). Au printemps 2003, un deuxième serveur est arrivé à la rescousse; la Wikipédia anglaise a donc été à nouveau séparée des autres Wikipédias. À l'automne 2003, les besoins en serveurs se font lourdement sentir en raison des fortes augmentations de trafic. Une levée de fonds (http://wikimediafoundation.org/Faites_un_don) est organisée. Le 13 février 2004, de nouveaux serveurs sont arrivés, neuf au total. Ils sont tous au service de toutes les encyclopédies. Détail des serveurs. Une solution au problème du stockage des données, et par conséquent également au problème de la bande passante, pourrait être de remplacer le système actuel de type clients/serveur par un système de réseau partagé de type poste-à-poste ("peer to peer"). [modifier] J'ai de nombreuses objections au concept de Wikipédia... Allez lire les réponses aux objections les plus courantes. Consultez également ce qui pourrait arriver de pire à Wikipédia (http://meta.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Worst_cases) == Communications internes == Pour communiquer entre nous, nous utilisons les pages de discussion de chaque article, nos propres pages personnelles (voir la liste des participants) et des espaces de discussions. == Ils ont parlé de Wikipédia... == Depuis peu, en partie grâce à son intégration dans le logiciel Mozilla Firefox, Wikipédia devient de plus en plus connue... On peut consulter le recensement des articles concernant Wikipédia, sur la page de revue de presse. 2188 2005-01-24T00:16:04Z Bombo 12 '''Vous parlez le lingala? N'hésitez pas, cliquez sur edit et traduisez cette page ou un paragraphe!''' Cet article est l'aide du projet Wikipédia [[lingala]]. Vous trouverez sur cette page des liens vers différentes rubriques. * Si vous vous posez des questions, il y a de bonnes chances que vous les trouviez dans notre Foire aux questions qui contient les réponses aux questions les plus courantes. * Pour savoir comment editer, cliquez ici: [[FAQ]] Wikipédia est un projet encyclopédique de type WikiWiki, libre et gratuit. Le 23 février 2004, l'ensemble du projet comportait environ 500 000 articles en plus de 50 langues différentes. En septembre de la même année, le projet a doublé ces deux nombres... Le contenu de Wikipédia est couvert par la Licence de documentation libre GNU. == On sait maintenant que toute la connaissance ne rentrera plus jamais dans un seul ouvrage. Donc est-ce encore utile, une encyclopédie? == ''Le but d'une encyclopédie n'est pas d'accumuler toute la connaissance, mais de donner un résumé.'' Le but et l'intérêt d'une encyclopédie sont surtout de relier les connaissances entre elles. La raison d'être d'une encyclopédie n'est pas d'être finie mais d'exister, et son utilité tient à son existence, et pas à son exhaustivité. == Quand a débuté Wikipédia ? == Le projet a commencé le 15 janvier 2001 en anglais : http://www.wikipedia.org/. Son fondateur est Jimbo Wales, propriétaire de la société Bomis. == le Wikipédia ou la Wikipédia ? == En fait, on constate que le mot Wikipédia désigne trois entités différentes : * L'encyclopédie Wikipédia qui est inspirée d'encyclopædia, tournure latine clairement féminine. La forme française encyclopédie est également de genre féminin. * Le projet d'écriture de l'encyclopédie et sa communauté associée : on parle alors du Wikipédia. * Le logiciel Wikipédia support du site : usage secondaire où le masculin semble aussi plus naturel. En résumé, le cœur du projet ou encyclopédie invite à l'emploi au féminin, alors que les autres emplois se font généralement au masculin. == Comment fonctionne Wikipédia ? == Voir aussi : [[FAQ]], Comment éditer une page Sur le principe du Wiki avec un logiciel adapté pour la circonstance (MediaWiki). Il y a actuellement plusieurs centaines de contributeurs pour la partie francophone et plusieurs milliers pour la partie anglophone. Toute personne peut créer ou modifier un article. Les contributeurs peuvent se créer un compte avec un nom et un mot de passe, mais ce n'est pas obligatoire. Les contributeurs enregistrés bénéficient d'une page personnelle et de fonctionnalités supplémentaires, notamment le suivi et l'historique de leurs contributions. De ce fait, la plupart des contributeurs sont enregistrés. == Comment peut-on être sûr de la crédibilité des informations ? == La question de la crédibilité de l'information est une question à se poser en permanence lorsque nous lisons un journal, écoutons la radio, regardons la télé ou lisons un article de Wikipédia. La seule différence avec Wikipédia, c'est que si vous trouvez quelque chose qui vous semble faux, vous pouvez le corriger immédiatement. N'oubliez pas qu'un article, c'est la version du jour plus son historique, des milliers d'yeux et des milliers de mains essaient de faire leur travail honnêtement. [modifier] == Qui possède Wikipédia ? == Humm... Bonne question. Jusqu'à l'été 2003, w:Jimbo Wales, ou plutôt sa société Bomis, Inc, commanditait Wikipédia (et fournissait donc les serveurs) et payait la bande passante. Jimbo est aussi appelé notre benevolent dictator. À présent, le propriétaire des serveurs, du nom de domaine et de la disposition des pages est la ''Fondation Wikimedia'', fondation à but non lucratif de droit américain, établie en 2003. Bomis, Inc, nous fournit toujours sa connexion internet. Par ailleurs, les articles sont publiés sous la Licence de documentation libre GNU GFDL, ces articles sont donc libres. On ne peut donc pas vraiment dire que la Fondation possède les articles, au sens traditionnel du terme. On peut donc dire que personne ne la possède. Ou qu'elle nous appartient à tous. Et surtout à chacun(e). == Utilisation du contenu de Wikipédia == Le but de Wikipédia est de créer une source d'informations dans le format d'une encyclopédie référencée qui soit accessible à tous gratuitement. La licence que nous utilisons pour le contenu est très semblable à celle du logiciel libre: le contenu peut être copié, modifié, redistribué, mais toute nouvelle version est obligatoirement sous la même licence et doit indiquer Wikipédia comme source. Dans ce but, le texte des articles disponibles sur Wikipédia est couvert par la Licence de documentation libre GNU. Celle-ci garantit la liberté du contenu à perpétuité. Principalement : * le contenu de Wikipédia est libre de droits ; * chacun a le droit de le copier ; * chacun a le droit de le modifier, ici ou ailleurs ; * Wikipédia doit être indiquée comme source ; * toute copie ou modification est obligatoirement soumise aux mêmes conditions. == Autres langues et projets == Voir aussi : m:Complete list of wikimedia projects Le projet a débuté en anglais ; avec le succès de cette première version, d'autres langues ont été lancées. Pour aider à la coordination des langues, nous utilisons des listes de discussions, et l'espace méta : http://meta.wikipedia.org. Des ambassades existent pour la Coordination multilingue. Environ 50 langues sont actives. Plus de 150 sont cependant en place. Wikipédia dans des langues africaines: * en afrikaans: http://br.wikipedia.org/ * en basa sunda: http://su.wikipedia.org/ * en sesoto: http://st.wikipedia.org/ * en swahili: http://eu.wikipedia.org/ * en wolof: http://wo.wikipedia.org/ * en zulu: http://zu.wikipedia.org/ Voir aussi: Statistiques: Évolution du nombre d'articles sur les différentes Wikipédias et classement selon le nombre d'articles == Autres projets == * Wiktionary (http://fr.wiktionary.org): un dictionnaire et thésaurus * Nupedia (http://www.nupedia.com). L'encyclopédie Nupédia * Enciclopedia Libre (http://enciclopedia.us.es/). Une encyclopédie libre en espagnol == Serveurs, logiciel et développement == Wikipédia utilise un logiciel libre sous licence GPL appelé MediaWiki disponible sur http://wikipedia.sourceforge.net/. Le site fonctionne actuellement sur des serveurs Linux avec Apache, PHP, MySQL et Squid. La maintenance des serveurs et le développement de l'application sont assurés par les participants volontaires en tant que développeurs. == Qui dirige Wikipédia ? == Personne ne dirige Wikipédia, toutefois certains contributeurs ont accès à des fonctionnalités supplémentaires : ce sont les administrateurs. Ceux-ci peuvent supprimer des pages, bloquer ou débloquer une page, et aussi bloquer un contributeur. Les administrateurs sont choisis par consensus parmi les contributeurs ayant déjà plusieurs mois de participation. Les bureaucrates sont des administrateurs locaux pouvant nommer des utilisateurs administrateurs. Les m:stewards peuvent modifier le statut de n'importe quel utilisateur sur tout projet Wikimedia. Un statut administratif n'a pas d'incidence sur la participation en tant qu'éditeur. == Quel est l'intérêt pour un éditeur d'en faire partie ? == Apprendre et partager. == Et ça marche ou pas ? == Très bien! Nous possédons déjà de nombreux articles de qualité (Wikipédia:Articles de qualité). Vous pouvez consulter les statistiques de fréquentation de la partie francophone à http://fr.wikipedia.org/stats/, ainsi que des statistiques détaillées sur l'ensemble de l'encyclopédie à http://www.wikipedia.org/wikistats/FR/Sitemap.htm Wikipédia est le site Web encyclopédique le plus visité au monde. C'est aussi le plus gros Wiki. Le nombre d'articles non anglophones a dépassé le nombre d'articles en anglais. Récemment Wikipédia est entrée dans les 400 sites Web les plus visités : http://www.alexa.com/data/details/traffic_details?q=wikipedia&url=http://www.wikipedia.org/ et atteint une fréquentation équivalente à celle de Slashdot pour donner un ordre d'idée. Il y a environ 1 800 utilisateurs avec un compte sur le Wikipédia en français. == Toutes les Wikipédias sont-elles sur le même serveur ? == Oui et non. Jusqu'à l'été 2002, seule la Wikipédia anglaise était en phase 3 (version 3 du logiciel) et les autres Wikipédias (en phase I) étaient sur un deuxième serveur. Les Wikipédias passées en phase III ont été progressivement réunies au cours de l'automne 2002 (passage à la version 3 du logiciel). Au printemps 2003, un deuxième serveur est arrivé à la rescousse; la Wikipédia anglaise a donc été à nouveau séparée des autres Wikipédias. À l'automne 2003, les besoins en serveurs se font lourdement sentir en raison des fortes augmentations de trafic. Une levée de fonds (http://wikimediafoundation.org/Faites_un_don) est organisée. Le 13 février 2004, de nouveaux serveurs sont arrivés, neuf au total. Ils sont tous au service de toutes les encyclopédies. Détail des serveurs. Une solution au problème du stockage des données, et par conséquent également au problème de la bande passante, pourrait être de remplacer le système actuel de type clients/serveur par un système de réseau partagé de type poste-à-poste ("peer to peer"). [modifier] J'ai de nombreuses objections au concept de Wikipédia... Allez lire les réponses aux objections les plus courantes. Consultez également ce qui pourrait arriver de pire à Wikipédia (http://meta.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Worst_cases) == Communications internes == Pour communiquer entre nous, nous utilisons les pages de discussion de chaque article, nos propres pages personnelles (voir la liste des participants) et des espaces de discussions. == Ils ont parlé de Wikipédia... == Depuis peu, en partie grâce à son intégration dans le logiciel Mozilla Firefox, Wikipédia devient de plus en plus connue... On peut consulter le recensement des articles concernant Wikipédia, sur la page de revue de presse. 2189 2005-01-24T00:19:48Z Bombo 12 '''Vous parlez le lingala? N'hésitez pas, cliquez sur edit et traduisez cette page ou un paragraphe!''' Cet article est l'aide du projet Wikipédia [[lingala]]. Vous trouverez sur cette page des liens vers différentes rubriques. * Si vous vous posez des questions, il y a de bonnes chances que vous les trouviez dans notre [[Wikipedia:Foire aux questions]] qui contient les réponses aux questions les plus courantes. * Pour savoir comment editer, cliquez ici: [[FAQ]] Wikipédia est un projet encyclopédique de type WikiWiki, libre et gratuit. Le 23 février 2004, l'ensemble du projet comportait environ 500 000 articles en plus de 50 langues différentes. En septembre de la même année, le projet a doublé ces deux nombres... Le contenu de Wikipédia est couvert par la Licence de documentation libre GNU. == On sait maintenant que toute la connaissance ne rentrera plus jamais dans un seul ouvrage. Donc est-ce encore utile, une encyclopédie? == ''Le but d'une encyclopédie n'est pas d'accumuler toute la connaissance, mais de donner un résumé.'' Le but et l'intérêt d'une encyclopédie sont surtout de relier les connaissances entre elles. La raison d'être d'une encyclopédie n'est pas d'être finie mais d'exister, et son utilité tient à son existence, et pas à son exhaustivité. == Quand a débuté Wikipédia ? == Le projet a commencé le 15 janvier 2001 en anglais : http://www.wikipedia.org/. Son fondateur est Jimbo Wales, propriétaire de la société Bomis. == le Wikipédia ou la Wikipédia ? == En fait, on constate que le mot Wikipédia désigne trois entités différentes : * L'encyclopédie Wikipédia qui est inspirée d'encyclopædia, tournure latine clairement féminine. La forme française encyclopédie est également de genre féminin. * Le projet d'écriture de l'encyclopédie et sa communauté associée : on parle alors du Wikipédia. * Le logiciel Wikipédia support du site : usage secondaire où le masculin semble aussi plus naturel. En résumé, le cœur du projet ou encyclopédie invite à l'emploi au féminin, alors que les autres emplois se font généralement au masculin. == Comment fonctionne Wikipédia ? == Voir aussi : [[FAQ]], Comment éditer une page Sur le principe du Wiki avec un logiciel adapté pour la circonstance (MediaWiki). Il y a actuellement plusieurs centaines de contributeurs pour la partie francophone et plusieurs milliers pour la partie anglophone. Toute personne peut créer ou modifier un article. Les contributeurs peuvent se créer un compte avec un nom et un mot de passe, mais ce n'est pas obligatoire. Les contributeurs enregistrés bénéficient d'une page personnelle et de fonctionnalités supplémentaires, notamment le suivi et l'historique de leurs contributions. De ce fait, la plupart des contributeurs sont enregistrés. == Comment peut-on être sûr de la crédibilité des informations ? == La question de la crédibilité de l'information est une question à se poser en permanence lorsque nous lisons un journal, écoutons la radio, regardons la télé ou lisons un article de Wikipédia. La seule différence avec Wikipédia, c'est que si vous trouvez quelque chose qui vous semble faux, vous pouvez le corriger immédiatement. N'oubliez pas qu'un article, c'est la version du jour plus son historique, des milliers d'yeux et des milliers de mains essaient de faire leur travail honnêtement. [modifier] == Qui possède Wikipédia ? == Humm... Bonne question. Jusqu'à l'été 2003, w:Jimbo Wales, ou plutôt sa société Bomis, Inc, commanditait Wikipédia (et fournissait donc les serveurs) et payait la bande passante. Jimbo est aussi appelé notre benevolent dictator. À présent, le propriétaire des serveurs, du nom de domaine et de la disposition des pages est la ''Fondation Wikimedia'', fondation à but non lucratif de droit américain, établie en 2003. Bomis, Inc, nous fournit toujours sa connexion internet. Par ailleurs, les articles sont publiés sous la Licence de documentation libre GNU GFDL, ces articles sont donc libres. On ne peut donc pas vraiment dire que la Fondation possède les articles, au sens traditionnel du terme. On peut donc dire que personne ne la possède. Ou qu'elle nous appartient à tous. Et surtout à chacun(e). == Utilisation du contenu de Wikipédia == Le but de Wikipédia est de créer une source d'informations dans le format d'une encyclopédie référencée qui soit accessible à tous gratuitement. La licence que nous utilisons pour le contenu est très semblable à celle du logiciel libre: le contenu peut être copié, modifié, redistribué, mais toute nouvelle version est obligatoirement sous la même licence et doit indiquer Wikipédia comme source. Dans ce but, le texte des articles disponibles sur Wikipédia est couvert par la Licence de documentation libre GNU. Celle-ci garantit la liberté du contenu à perpétuité. Principalement : * le contenu de Wikipédia est libre de droits ; * chacun a le droit de le copier ; * chacun a le droit de le modifier, ici ou ailleurs ; * Wikipédia doit être indiquée comme source ; * toute copie ou modification est obligatoirement soumise aux mêmes conditions. == Autres langues et projets == Voir aussi : m:Complete list of wikimedia projects Le projet a débuté en anglais ; avec le succès de cette première version, d'autres langues ont été lancées. Pour aider à la coordination des langues, nous utilisons des listes de discussions, et l'espace méta : http://meta.wikipedia.org. Des ambassades existent pour la Coordination multilingue. Environ 50 langues sont actives. Plus de 150 sont cependant en place. Wikipédia dans des langues africaines: * en afrikaans: http://br.wikipedia.org/ * en basa sunda: http://su.wikipedia.org/ * en sesoto: http://st.wikipedia.org/ * en swahili: http://eu.wikipedia.org/ * en wolof: http://wo.wikipedia.org/ * en zulu: http://zu.wikipedia.org/ Voir aussi: Statistiques: Évolution du nombre d'articles sur les différentes Wikipédias et classement selon le nombre d'articles == Autres projets == * Wiktionary (http://fr.wiktionary.org): un dictionnaire et thésaurus * Nupedia (http://www.nupedia.com). L'encyclopédie Nupédia * Enciclopedia Libre (http://enciclopedia.us.es/). Une encyclopédie libre en espagnol == Serveurs, logiciel et développement == Wikipédia utilise un logiciel libre sous licence GPL appelé MediaWiki disponible sur http://wikipedia.sourceforge.net/. Le site fonctionne actuellement sur des serveurs Linux avec Apache, PHP, MySQL et Squid. La maintenance des serveurs et le développement de l'application sont assurés par les participants volontaires en tant que développeurs. == Qui dirige Wikipédia ? == Personne ne dirige Wikipédia, toutefois certains contributeurs ont accès à des fonctionnalités supplémentaires : ce sont les administrateurs. Ceux-ci peuvent supprimer des pages, bloquer ou débloquer une page, et aussi bloquer un contributeur. Les administrateurs sont choisis par consensus parmi les contributeurs ayant déjà plusieurs mois de participation. Les bureaucrates sont des administrateurs locaux pouvant nommer des utilisateurs administrateurs. Les m:stewards peuvent modifier le statut de n'importe quel utilisateur sur tout projet Wikimedia. Un statut administratif n'a pas d'incidence sur la participation en tant qu'éditeur. == Quel est l'intérêt pour un éditeur d'en faire partie ? == Apprendre et partager. == Et ça marche ou pas ? == Très bien! Nous possédons déjà de nombreux articles de qualité (Wikipédia:Articles de qualité). Vous pouvez consulter les statistiques de fréquentation de la partie francophone à http://fr.wikipedia.org/stats/, ainsi que des statistiques détaillées sur l'ensemble de l'encyclopédie à http://www.wikipedia.org/wikistats/FR/Sitemap.htm Wikipédia est le site Web encyclopédique le plus visité au monde. C'est aussi le plus gros Wiki. Le nombre d'articles non anglophones a dépassé le nombre d'articles en anglais. Récemment Wikipédia est entrée dans les 400 sites Web les plus visités : http://www.alexa.com/data/details/traffic_details?q=wikipedia&url=http://www.wikipedia.org/ et atteint une fréquentation équivalente à celle de Slashdot pour donner un ordre d'idée. Il y a environ 1 800 utilisateurs avec un compte sur le Wikipédia en français. == Toutes les Wikipédias sont-elles sur le même serveur ? == Oui et non. Jusqu'à l'été 2002, seule la Wikipédia anglaise était en phase 3 (version 3 du logiciel) et les autres Wikipédias (en phase I) étaient sur un deuxième serveur. Les Wikipédias passées en phase III ont été progressivement réunies au cours de l'automne 2002 (passage à la version 3 du logiciel). Au printemps 2003, un deuxième serveur est arrivé à la rescousse; la Wikipédia anglaise a donc été à nouveau séparée des autres Wikipédias. À l'automne 2003, les besoins en serveurs se font lourdement sentir en raison des fortes augmentations de trafic. Une levée de fonds (http://wikimediafoundation.org/Faites_un_don) est organisée. Le 13 février 2004, de nouveaux serveurs sont arrivés, neuf au total. Ils sont tous au service de toutes les encyclopédies. Détail des serveurs. Une solution au problème du stockage des données, et par conséquent également au problème de la bande passante, pourrait être de remplacer le système actuel de type clients/serveur par un système de réseau partagé de type poste-à-poste ("peer to peer"). [modifier] J'ai de nombreuses objections au concept de Wikipédia... Allez lire les réponses aux objections les plus courantes. Consultez également ce qui pourrait arriver de pire à Wikipédia (http://meta.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Worst_cases) == Communications internes == Pour communiquer entre nous, nous utilisons les pages de discussion de chaque article, nos propres pages personnelles (voir la liste des participants) et des espaces de discussions. == Ils ont parlé de Wikipédia... == Depuis peu, en partie grâce à son intégration dans le logiciel Mozilla Firefox, Wikipédia devient de plus en plus connue... On peut consulter le recensement des articles concernant Wikipédia, sur la page de revue de presse. 2346 2005-01-24T00:20:14Z Bombo 12 '''Vous parlez le lingala? N'hésitez pas, cliquez sur edit et traduisez cette page ou un paragraphe!''' Cet article est l'aide du projet Wikipédia [[lingala]]. Vous trouverez sur cette page des liens vers différentes rubriques. * Si vous vous posez des questions, il y a de bonnes chances que vous les trouviez dans notre [[Wikipedia:Foire aux questions|Foire aux questions]] qui contient les réponses aux questions les plus courantes. * Pour savoir comment editer, cliquez ici: [[FAQ]] Wikipédia est un projet encyclopédique de type WikiWiki, libre et gratuit. Le 23 février 2004, l'ensemble du projet comportait environ 500 000 articles en plus de 50 langues différentes. En septembre de la même année, le projet a doublé ces deux nombres... Le contenu de Wikipédia est couvert par la Licence de documentation libre GNU. == On sait maintenant que toute la connaissance ne rentrera plus jamais dans un seul ouvrage. Donc est-ce encore utile, une encyclopédie? == ''Le but d'une encyclopédie n'est pas d'accumuler toute la connaissance, mais de donner un résumé.'' Le but et l'intérêt d'une encyclopédie sont surtout de relier les connaissances entre elles. La raison d'être d'une encyclopédie n'est pas d'être finie mais d'exister, et son utilité tient à son existence, et pas à son exhaustivité. == Quand a débuté Wikipédia ? == Le projet a commencé le 15 janvier 2001 en anglais : http://www.wikipedia.org/. Son fondateur est Jimbo Wales, propriétaire de la société Bomis. == le Wikipédia ou la Wikipédia ? == En fait, on constate que le mot Wikipédia désigne trois entités différentes : * L'encyclopédie Wikipédia qui est inspirée d'encyclopædia, tournure latine clairement féminine. La forme française encyclopédie est également de genre féminin. * Le projet d'écriture de l'encyclopédie et sa communauté associée : on parle alors du Wikipédia. * Le logiciel Wikipédia support du site : usage secondaire où le masculin semble aussi plus naturel. En résumé, le cœur du projet ou encyclopédie invite à l'emploi au féminin, alors que les autres emplois se font généralement au masculin. == Comment fonctionne Wikipédia ? == Voir aussi : [[FAQ]], Comment éditer une page Sur le principe du Wiki avec un logiciel adapté pour la circonstance (MediaWiki). Il y a actuellement plusieurs centaines de contributeurs pour la partie francophone et plusieurs milliers pour la partie anglophone. Toute personne peut créer ou modifier un article. Les contributeurs peuvent se créer un compte avec un nom et un mot de passe, mais ce n'est pas obligatoire. Les contributeurs enregistrés bénéficient d'une page personnelle et de fonctionnalités supplémentaires, notamment le suivi et l'historique de leurs contributions. De ce fait, la plupart des contributeurs sont enregistrés. == Comment peut-on être sûr de la crédibilité des informations ? == La question de la crédibilité de l'information est une question à se poser en permanence lorsque nous lisons un journal, écoutons la radio, regardons la télé ou lisons un article de Wikipédia. La seule différence avec Wikipédia, c'est que si vous trouvez quelque chose qui vous semble faux, vous pouvez le corriger immédiatement. N'oubliez pas qu'un article, c'est la version du jour plus son historique, des milliers d'yeux et des milliers de mains essaient de faire leur travail honnêtement. [modifier] == Qui possède Wikipédia ? == Humm... Bonne question. Jusqu'à l'été 2003, w:Jimbo Wales, ou plutôt sa société Bomis, Inc, commanditait Wikipédia (et fournissait donc les serveurs) et payait la bande passante. Jimbo est aussi appelé notre benevolent dictator. À présent, le propriétaire des serveurs, du nom de domaine et de la disposition des pages est la ''Fondation Wikimedia'', fondation à but non lucratif de droit américain, établie en 2003. Bomis, Inc, nous fournit toujours sa connexion internet. Par ailleurs, les articles sont publiés sous la Licence de documentation libre GNU GFDL, ces articles sont donc libres. On ne peut donc pas vraiment dire que la Fondation possède les articles, au sens traditionnel du terme. On peut donc dire que personne ne la possède. Ou qu'elle nous appartient à tous. Et surtout à chacun(e). == Utilisation du contenu de Wikipédia == Le but de Wikipédia est de créer une source d'informations dans le format d'une encyclopédie référencée qui soit accessible à tous gratuitement. La licence que nous utilisons pour le contenu est très semblable à celle du logiciel libre: le contenu peut être copié, modifié, redistribué, mais toute nouvelle version est obligatoirement sous la même licence et doit indiquer Wikipédia comme source. Dans ce but, le texte des articles disponibles sur Wikipédia est couvert par la Licence de documentation libre GNU. Celle-ci garantit la liberté du contenu à perpétuité. Principalement : * le contenu de Wikipédia est libre de droits ; * chacun a le droit de le copier ; * chacun a le droit de le modifier, ici ou ailleurs ; * Wikipédia doit être indiquée comme source ; * toute copie ou modification est obligatoirement soumise aux mêmes conditions. == Autres langues et projets == Voir aussi : m:Complete list of wikimedia projects Le projet a débuté en anglais ; avec le succès de cette première version, d'autres langues ont été lancées. Pour aider à la coordination des langues, nous utilisons des listes de discussions, et l'espace méta : http://meta.wikipedia.org. Des ambassades existent pour la Coordination multilingue. Environ 50 langues sont actives. Plus de 150 sont cependant en place. Wikipédia dans des langues africaines: * en afrikaans: http://br.wikipedia.org/ * en basa sunda: http://su.wikipedia.org/ * en sesoto: http://st.wikipedia.org/ * en swahili: http://eu.wikipedia.org/ * en wolof: http://wo.wikipedia.org/ * en zulu: http://zu.wikipedia.org/ Voir aussi: Statistiques: Évolution du nombre d'articles sur les différentes Wikipédias et classement selon le nombre d'articles == Autres projets == * Wiktionary (http://fr.wiktionary.org): un dictionnaire et thésaurus * Nupedia (http://www.nupedia.com). L'encyclopédie Nupédia * Enciclopedia Libre (http://enciclopedia.us.es/). Une encyclopédie libre en espagnol == Serveurs, logiciel et développement == Wikipédia utilise un logiciel libre sous licence GPL appelé MediaWiki disponible sur http://wikipedia.sourceforge.net/. Le site fonctionne actuellement sur des serveurs Linux avec Apache, PHP, MySQL et Squid. La maintenance des serveurs et le développement de l'application sont assurés par les participants volontaires en tant que développeurs. == Qui dirige Wikipédia ? == Personne ne dirige Wikipédia, toutefois certains contributeurs ont accès à des fonctionnalités supplémentaires : ce sont les administrateurs. Ceux-ci peuvent supprimer des pages, bloquer ou débloquer une page, et aussi bloquer un contributeur. Les administrateurs sont choisis par consensus parmi les contributeurs ayant déjà plusieurs mois de participation. Les bureaucrates sont des administrateurs locaux pouvant nommer des utilisateurs administrateurs. Les m:stewards peuvent modifier le statut de n'importe quel utilisateur sur tout projet Wikimedia. Un statut administratif n'a pas d'incidence sur la participation en tant qu'éditeur. == Quel est l'intérêt pour un éditeur d'en faire partie ? == Apprendre et partager. == Et ça marche ou pas ? == Très bien! Nous possédons déjà de nombreux articles de qualité (Wikipédia:Articles de qualité). Vous pouvez consulter les statistiques de fréquentation de la partie francophone à http://fr.wikipedia.org/stats/, ainsi que des statistiques détaillées sur l'ensemble de l'encyclopédie à http://www.wikipedia.org/wikistats/FR/Sitemap.htm Wikipédia est le site Web encyclopédique le plus visité au monde. C'est aussi le plus gros Wiki. Le nombre d'articles non anglophones a dépassé le nombre d'articles en anglais. Récemment Wikipédia est entrée dans les 400 sites Web les plus visités : http://www.alexa.com/data/details/traffic_details?q=wikipedia&url=http://www.wikipedia.org/ et atteint une fréquentation équivalente à celle de Slashdot pour donner un ordre d'idée. Il y a environ 1 800 utilisateurs avec un compte sur le Wikipédia en français. == Toutes les Wikipédias sont-elles sur le même serveur ? == Oui et non. Jusqu'à l'été 2002, seule la Wikipédia anglaise était en phase 3 (version 3 du logiciel) et les autres Wikipédias (en phase I) étaient sur un deuxième serveur. Les Wikipédias passées en phase III ont été progressivement réunies au cours de l'automne 2002 (passage à la version 3 du logiciel). Au printemps 2003, un deuxième serveur est arrivé à la rescousse; la Wikipédia anglaise a donc été à nouveau séparée des autres Wikipédias. À l'automne 2003, les besoins en serveurs se font lourdement sentir en raison des fortes augmentations de trafic. Une levée de fonds (http://wikimediafoundation.org/Faites_un_don) est organisée. Le 13 février 2004, de nouveaux serveurs sont arrivés, neuf au total. Ils sont tous au service de toutes les encyclopédies. Détail des serveurs. Une solution au problème du stockage des données, et par conséquent également au problème de la bande passante, pourrait être de remplacer le système actuel de type clients/serveur par un système de réseau partagé de type poste-à-poste ("peer to peer"). [modifier] J'ai de nombreuses objections au concept de Wikipédia... Allez lire les réponses aux objections les plus courantes. Consultez également ce qui pourrait arriver de pire à Wikipédia (http://meta.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Worst_cases) == Communications internes == Pour communiquer entre nous, nous utilisons les pages de discussion de chaque article, nos propres pages personnelles (voir la liste des participants) et des espaces de discussions. == Ils ont parlé de Wikipédia... == Depuis peu, en partie grâce à son intégration dans le logiciel Mozilla Firefox, Wikipédia devient de plus en plus connue... On peut consulter le recensement des articles concernant Wikipédia, sur la page de revue de presse. 4589 2005-03-06T18:38:06Z Bombo 12 '''Vous parlez le lingála? N'hésitez pas, cliquez sur edit et traduisez cette page ou un paragraphe!''' Cet article est l'aide du projet Wikipédia [[lingála]]. Vous trouverez sur cette page des liens vers différentes rubriques. * Si vous vous posez des questions, il y a de bonnes chances que vous les trouviez dans notre [[Wikipedia:Foire aux questions|Foire aux questions]] qui contient les réponses aux questions les plus courantes. * Pour savoir comment editer, cliquez ici: [[FAQ]] Wikipédia est un projet encyclopédique de type WikiWiki, libre et gratuit. Le 23 février 2004, l'ensemble du projet comportait environ 500 000 articles en plus de 50 langues différentes. En septembre de la même année, le projet a doublé ces deux nombres... Le contenu de Wikipédia est couvert par la Licence de documentation libre GNU. == On sait maintenant que toute la connaissance ne rentrera plus jamais dans un seul ouvrage. Donc est-ce encore utile, une encyclopédie? == ''Le but d'une encyclopédie n'est pas d'accumuler toute la connaissance, mais de donner un résumé.'' Le but et l'intérêt d'une encyclopédie sont surtout de relier les connaissances entre elles. La raison d'être d'une encyclopédie n'est pas d'être finie mais d'exister, et son utilité tient à son existence, et pas à son exhaustivité. == Quand a débuté Wikipédia ? == Le projet a commencé le 15 janvier 2001 en anglais : http://www.wikipedia.org/. Son fondateur est Jimbo Wales, propriétaire de la société Bomis. == le Wikipédia ou la Wikipédia ? == En fait, on constate que le mot Wikipédia désigne trois entités différentes : * L'encyclopédie Wikipédia qui est inspirée d'encyclopædia, tournure latine clairement féminine. La forme française encyclopédie est également de genre féminin. * Le projet d'écriture de l'encyclopédie et sa communauté associée : on parle alors du Wikipédia. * Le logiciel Wikipédia support du site : usage secondaire où le masculin semble aussi plus naturel. En résumé, le cœur du projet ou encyclopédie invite à l'emploi au féminin, alors que les autres emplois se font généralement au masculin. == Comment fonctionne Wikipédia ? == Voir aussi : [[FAQ]], Comment éditer une page Sur le principe du Wiki avec un logiciel adapté pour la circonstance (MediaWiki). Il y a actuellement plusieurs centaines de contributeurs pour la partie francophone et plusieurs milliers pour la partie anglophone. Toute personne peut créer ou modifier un article. Les contributeurs peuvent se créer un compte avec un nom et un mot de passe, mais ce n'est pas obligatoire. Les contributeurs enregistrés bénéficient d'une page personnelle et de fonctionnalités supplémentaires, notamment le suivi et l'historique de leurs contributions. De ce fait, la plupart des contributeurs sont enregistrés. == Comment peut-on être sûr de la crédibilité des informations ? == La question de la crédibilité de l'information est une question à se poser en permanence lorsque nous lisons un journal, écoutons la radio, regardons la télé ou lisons un article de Wikipédia. La seule différence avec Wikipédia, c'est que si vous trouvez quelque chose qui vous semble faux, vous pouvez le corriger immédiatement. N'oubliez pas qu'un article, c'est la version du jour plus son historique, des milliers d'yeux et des milliers de mains essaient de faire leur travail honnêtement. [modifier] == Qui possède Wikipédia ? == Humm... Bonne question. Jusqu'à l'été 2003, w:Jimbo Wales, ou plutôt sa société Bomis, Inc, commanditait Wikipédia (et fournissait donc les serveurs) et payait la bande passante. Jimbo est aussi appelé notre benevolent dictator. À présent, le propriétaire des serveurs, du nom de domaine et de la disposition des pages est la ''Fondation Wikimedia'', fondation à but non lucratif de droit américain, établie en 2003. Bomis, Inc, nous fournit toujours sa connexion internet. Par ailleurs, les articles sont publiés sous la Licence de documentation libre GNU GFDL, ces articles sont donc libres. On ne peut donc pas vraiment dire que la Fondation possède les articles, au sens traditionnel du terme. On peut donc dire que personne ne la possède. Ou qu'elle nous appartient à tous. Et surtout à chacun(e). == Utilisation du contenu de Wikipédia == Le but de Wikipédia est de créer une source d'informations dans le format d'une encyclopédie référencée qui soit accessible à tous gratuitement. La licence que nous utilisons pour le contenu est très semblable à celle du logiciel libre: le contenu peut être copié, modifié, redistribué, mais toute nouvelle version est obligatoirement sous la même licence et doit indiquer Wikipédia comme source. Dans ce but, le texte des articles disponibles sur Wikipédia est couvert par la Licence de documentation libre GNU. Celle-ci garantit la liberté du contenu à perpétuité. Principalement : * le contenu de Wikipédia est libre de droits ; * chacun a le droit de le copier ; * chacun a le droit de le modifier, ici ou ailleurs ; * Wikipédia doit être indiquée comme source ; * toute copie ou modification est obligatoirement soumise aux mêmes conditions. == Autres langues et projets == Voir aussi : m:Complete list of wikimedia projects Le projet a débuté en anglais ; avec le succès de cette première version, d'autres langues ont été lancées. Pour aider à la coordination des langues, nous utilisons des listes de discussions, et l'espace méta : http://meta.wikipedia.org. Des ambassades existent pour la Coordination multilingue. Environ 50 langues sont actives. Plus de 150 sont cependant en place. Wikipédia dans des langues africaines: * en afrikaans: http://br.wikipedia.org/ * en basa sunda: http://su.wikipedia.org/ * en sesoto: http://st.wikipedia.org/ * en swahili: http://eu.wikipedia.org/ * en wolof: http://wo.wikipedia.org/ * en zulu: http://zu.wikipedia.org/ Voir aussi: Statistiques: Évolution du nombre d'articles sur les différentes Wikipédias et classement selon le nombre d'articles == Autres projets == * Wiktionary (http://fr.wiktionary.org): un dictionnaire et thésaurus * Nupedia (http://www.nupedia.com). L'encyclopédie Nupédia * Enciclopedia Libre (http://enciclopedia.us.es/). Une encyclopédie libre en espagnol == Serveurs, logiciel et développement == Wikipédia utilise un logiciel libre sous licence GPL appelé MediaWiki disponible sur http://wikipedia.sourceforge.net/. Le site fonctionne actuellement sur des serveurs Linux avec Apache, PHP, MySQL et Squid. La maintenance des serveurs et le développement de l'application sont assurés par les participants volontaires en tant que développeurs. == Qui dirige Wikipédia ? == Personne ne dirige Wikipédia, toutefois certains contributeurs ont accès à des fonctionnalités supplémentaires : ce sont les administrateurs. Ceux-ci peuvent supprimer des pages, bloquer ou débloquer une page, et aussi bloquer un contributeur. Les administrateurs sont choisis par consensus parmi les contributeurs ayant déjà plusieurs mois de participation. Les bureaucrates sont des administrateurs locaux pouvant nommer des utilisateurs administrateurs. Les m:stewards peuvent modifier le statut de n'importe quel utilisateur sur tout projet Wikimedia. Un statut administratif n'a pas d'incidence sur la participation en tant qu'éditeur. == Quel est l'intérêt pour un éditeur d'en faire partie ? == Apprendre et partager. == Et ça marche ou pas ? == Très bien! Nous possédons déjà de nombreux articles de qualité (Wikipédia:Articles de qualité). Vous pouvez consulter les statistiques de fréquentation de la partie francophone à http://fr.wikipedia.org/stats/, ainsi que des statistiques détaillées sur l'ensemble de l'encyclopédie à http://www.wikipedia.org/wikistats/FR/Sitemap.htm Wikipédia est le site Web encyclopédique le plus visité au monde. C'est aussi le plus gros Wiki. Le nombre d'articles non anglophones a dépassé le nombre d'articles en anglais. Récemment Wikipédia est entrée dans les 400 sites Web les plus visités : http://www.alexa.com/data/details/traffic_details?q=wikipedia&url=http://www.wikipedia.org/ et atteint une fréquentation équivalente à celle de Slashdot pour donner un ordre d'idée. Il y a environ 1 800 utilisateurs avec un compte sur le Wikipédia en français. == Toutes les Wikipédias sont-elles sur le même serveur ? == Oui et non. Jusqu'à l'été 2002, seule la Wikipédia anglaise était en phase 3 (version 3 du logiciel) et les autres Wikipédias (en phase I) étaient sur un deuxième serveur. Les Wikipédias passées en phase III ont été progressivement réunies au cours de l'automne 2002 (passage à la version 3 du logiciel). Au printemps 2003, un deuxième serveur est arrivé à la rescousse; la Wikipédia anglaise a donc été à nouveau séparée des autres Wikipédias. À l'automne 2003, les besoins en serveurs se font lourdement sentir en raison des fortes augmentations de trafic. Une levée de fonds (http://wikimediafoundation.org/Faites_un_don) est organisée. Le 13 février 2004, de nouveaux serveurs sont arrivés, neuf au total. Ils sont tous au service de toutes les encyclopédies. Détail des serveurs. Une solution au problème du stockage des données, et par conséquent également au problème de la bande passante, pourrait être de remplacer le système actuel de type clients/serveur par un système de réseau partagé de type poste-à-poste ("peer to peer"). [modifier] J'ai de nombreuses objections au concept de Wikipédia... Allez lire les réponses aux objections les plus courantes. Consultez également ce qui pourrait arriver de pire à Wikipédia (http://meta.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Worst_cases) == Communications internes == Pour communiquer entre nous, nous utilisons les pages de discussion de chaque article, nos propres pages personnelles (voir la liste des participants) et des espaces de discussions. == Ils ont parlé de Wikipédia... == Depuis peu, en partie grâce à son intégration dans le logiciel Mozilla Firefox, Wikipédia devient de plus en plus connue... On peut consulter le recensement des articles concernant Wikipédia, sur la page de revue de presse. 6198 2005-09-08T13:51:34Z Bombo 12 '''Vous parlez le lingála? N'hésitez pas, cliquez sur edit et traduisez cette page ou un paragraphe!''' Cet article est l'aide du projet Wikipédia [[lingála]]. Vous trouverez sur cette page des liens vers différentes rubriques. * Si vous vous posez des questions, il y a de bonnes chances que vous les trouviez dans notre [[Wikipedia:Bosungi (FAQ)|Foire aux questions]] qui contient les réponses aux questions les plus courantes. * Pour savoir comment editer, cliquez ici: [[FAQ]] Wikipédia est un projet encyclopédique de type WikiWiki, libre et gratuit. Le 23 février 2004, l'ensemble du projet comportait environ 500 000 articles en plus de 50 langues différentes. En septembre de la même année, le projet a doublé ces deux nombres... Le contenu de Wikipédia est couvert par la Licence de documentation libre GNU. == On sait maintenant que toute la connaissance ne rentrera plus jamais dans un seul ouvrage. Donc est-ce encore utile, une encyclopédie? == ''Le but d'une encyclopédie n'est pas d'accumuler toute la connaissance, mais de donner un résumé.'' Le but et l'intérêt d'une encyclopédie sont surtout de relier les connaissances entre elles. La raison d'être d'une encyclopédie n'est pas d'être finie mais d'exister, et son utilité tient à son existence, et pas à son exhaustivité. == Quand a débuté Wikipédia ? == Le projet a commencé le 15 janvier 2001 en anglais : http://www.wikipedia.org/. Son fondateur est Jimbo Wales, propriétaire de la société Bomis. == le Wikipédia ou la Wikipédia ? == En fait, on constate que le mot Wikipédia désigne trois entités différentes : * L'encyclopédie Wikipédia qui est inspirée d'encyclopædia, tournure latine clairement féminine. La forme française encyclopédie est également de genre féminin. * Le projet d'écriture de l'encyclopédie et sa communauté associée : on parle alors du Wikipédia. * Le logiciel Wikipédia support du site : usage secondaire où le masculin semble aussi plus naturel. En résumé, le cœur du projet ou encyclopédie invite à l'emploi au féminin, alors que les autres emplois se font généralement au masculin. == Comment fonctionne Wikipédia ? == Voir aussi : [[FAQ]], Comment éditer une page Sur le principe du Wiki avec un logiciel adapté pour la circonstance (MediaWiki). Il y a actuellement plusieurs centaines de contributeurs pour la partie francophone et plusieurs milliers pour la partie anglophone. Toute personne peut créer ou modifier un article. Les contributeurs peuvent se créer un compte avec un nom et un mot de passe, mais ce n'est pas obligatoire. Les contributeurs enregistrés bénéficient d'une page personnelle et de fonctionnalités supplémentaires, notamment le suivi et l'historique de leurs contributions. De ce fait, la plupart des contributeurs sont enregistrés. == Comment peut-on être sûr de la crédibilité des informations ? == La question de la crédibilité de l'information est une question à se poser en permanence lorsque nous lisons un journal, écoutons la radio, regardons la télé ou lisons un article de Wikipédia. La seule différence avec Wikipédia, c'est que si vous trouvez quelque chose qui vous semble faux, vous pouvez le corriger immédiatement. N'oubliez pas qu'un article, c'est la version du jour plus son historique, des milliers d'yeux et des milliers de mains essaient de faire leur travail honnêtement. [modifier] == Qui possède Wikipédia ? == Humm... Bonne question. Jusqu'à l'été 2003, w:Jimbo Wales, ou plutôt sa société Bomis, Inc, commanditait Wikipédia (et fournissait donc les serveurs) et payait la bande passante. Jimbo est aussi appelé notre benevolent dictator. À présent, le propriétaire des serveurs, du nom de domaine et de la disposition des pages est la ''Fondation Wikimedia'', fondation à but non lucratif de droit américain, établie en 2003. Bomis, Inc, nous fournit toujours sa connexion internet. Par ailleurs, les articles sont publiés sous la Licence de documentation libre GNU GFDL, ces articles sont donc libres. On ne peut donc pas vraiment dire que la Fondation possède les articles, au sens traditionnel du terme. On peut donc dire que personne ne la possède. Ou qu'elle nous appartient à tous. Et surtout à chacun(e). == Utilisation du contenu de Wikipédia == Le but de Wikipédia est de créer une source d'informations dans le format d'une encyclopédie référencée qui soit accessible à tous gratuitement. La licence que nous utilisons pour le contenu est très semblable à celle du logiciel libre: le contenu peut être copié, modifié, redistribué, mais toute nouvelle version est obligatoirement sous la même licence et doit indiquer Wikipédia comme source. Dans ce but, le texte des articles disponibles sur Wikipédia est couvert par la Licence de documentation libre GNU. Celle-ci garantit la liberté du contenu à perpétuité. Principalement : * le contenu de Wikipédia est libre de droits ; * chacun a le droit de le copier ; * chacun a le droit de le modifier, ici ou ailleurs ; * Wikipédia doit être indiquée comme source ; * toute copie ou modification est obligatoirement soumise aux mêmes conditions. == Autres langues et projets == Voir aussi : m:Complete list of wikimedia projects Le projet a débuté en anglais ; avec le succès de cette première version, d'autres langues ont été lancées. Pour aider à la coordination des langues, nous utilisons des listes de discussions, et l'espace méta : http://meta.wikipedia.org. Des ambassades existent pour la Coordination multilingue. Environ 50 langues sont actives. Plus de 150 sont cependant en place. Wikipédia dans des langues africaines: * en afrikaans: http://br.wikipedia.org/ * en basa sunda: http://su.wikipedia.org/ * en sesoto: http://st.wikipedia.org/ * en swahili: http://eu.wikipedia.org/ * en wolof: http://wo.wikipedia.org/ * en zulu: http://zu.wikipedia.org/ Voir aussi: Statistiques: Évolution du nombre d'articles sur les différentes Wikipédias et classement selon le nombre d'articles == Autres projets == * Wiktionary (http://fr.wiktionary.org): un dictionnaire et thésaurus * Nupedia (http://www.nupedia.com). L'encyclopédie Nupédia * Enciclopedia Libre (http://enciclopedia.us.es/). Une encyclopédie libre en espagnol == Serveurs, logiciel et développement == Wikipédia utilise un logiciel libre sous licence GPL appelé MediaWiki disponible sur http://wikipedia.sourceforge.net/. Le site fonctionne actuellement sur des serveurs Linux avec Apache, PHP, MySQL et Squid. La maintenance des serveurs et le développement de l'application sont assurés par les participants volontaires en tant que développeurs. == Qui dirige Wikipédia ? == Personne ne dirige Wikipédia, toutefois certains contributeurs ont accès à des fonctionnalités supplémentaires : ce sont les administrateurs. Ceux-ci peuvent supprimer des pages, bloquer ou débloquer une page, et aussi bloquer un contributeur. Les administrateurs sont choisis par consensus parmi les contributeurs ayant déjà plusieurs mois de participation. Les bureaucrates sont des administrateurs locaux pouvant nommer des utilisateurs administrateurs. Les m:stewards peuvent modifier le statut de n'importe quel utilisateur sur tout projet Wikimedia. Un statut administratif n'a pas d'incidence sur la participation en tant qu'éditeur. == Quel est l'intérêt pour un éditeur d'en faire partie ? == Apprendre et partager. == Et ça marche ou pas ? == Très bien! Nous possédons déjà de nombreux articles de qualité (Wikipédia:Articles de qualité). Vous pouvez consulter les statistiques de fréquentation de la partie francophone à http://fr.wikipedia.org/stats/, ainsi que des statistiques détaillées sur l'ensemble de l'encyclopédie à http://www.wikipedia.org/wikistats/FR/Sitemap.htm Wikipédia est le site Web encyclopédique le plus visité au monde. C'est aussi le plus gros Wiki. Le nombre d'articles non anglophones a dépassé le nombre d'articles en anglais. Récemment Wikipédia est entrée dans les 400 sites Web les plus visités : http://www.alexa.com/data/details/traffic_details?q=wikipedia&url=http://www.wikipedia.org/ et atteint une fréquentation équivalente à celle de Slashdot pour donner un ordre d'idée. Il y a environ 1 800 utilisateurs avec un compte sur le Wikipédia en français. == Toutes les Wikipédias sont-elles sur le même serveur ? == Oui et non. Jusqu'à l'été 2002, seule la Wikipédia anglaise était en phase 3 (version 3 du logiciel) et les autres Wikipédias (en phase I) étaient sur un deuxième serveur. Les Wikipédias passées en phase III ont été progressivement réunies au cours de l'automne 2002 (passage à la version 3 du logiciel). Au printemps 2003, un deuxième serveur est arrivé à la rescousse; la Wikipédia anglaise a donc été à nouveau séparée des autres Wikipédias. À l'automne 2003, les besoins en serveurs se font lourdement sentir en raison des fortes augmentations de trafic. Une levée de fonds (http://wikimediafoundation.org/Faites_un_don) est organisée. Le 13 février 2004, de nouveaux serveurs sont arrivés, neuf au total. Ils sont tous au service de toutes les encyclopédies. Détail des serveurs. Une solution au problème du stockage des données, et par conséquent également au problème de la bande passante, pourrait être de remplacer le système actuel de type clients/serveur par un système de réseau partagé de type poste-à-poste ("peer to peer"). [modifier] J'ai de nombreuses objections au concept de Wikipédia... Allez lire les réponses aux objections les plus courantes. Consultez également ce qui pourrait arriver de pire à Wikipédia (http://meta.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Worst_cases) == Communications internes == Pour communiquer entre nous, nous utilisons les pages de discussion de chaque article, nos propres pages personnelles (voir la liste des participants) et des espaces de discussions. == Ils ont parlé de Wikipédia... == Depuis peu, en partie grâce à son intégration dans le logiciel Mozilla Firefox, Wikipédia devient de plus en plus connue... On peut consulter le recensement des articles concernant Wikipédia, sur la page de revue de presse. 7300 2005-12-08T17:30:36Z 212.164.71.254 '''Vous parlez le lingála? N'hésitez pas, cliquez sur edit et traduisez cette page ou un paragraphe!''' Cet article est l'aide du projet Wikipédia [[lingála]]. Vous trouverez sur cette page des liens vers différentes rubriques. * Si vous vous posez des questions, il y a de bonnes chances que vous les trouviez dans notre [[Wikipedia:Bosungi (FAQ)|Foire aux questions]] qui contient les réponses aux questions les plus courantes. * Pour savoir comment editer, cliquez ici: [[FAQ]] Wikipédia est un projet encyclopédique de type WikiWiki, libre et gratuit. Le 23 février 2004, l'ensemble du projet comportait environ 500 000 articles en plus de 50 langues différentes. En septembre de la même année, le projet a doublé ces deux nombres... Le contenu de Wikipédia est couvert par la Licence de documentation libre GNU. == On sait maintenant que toute la connaissance ne rentrera plus jamais dans un seul ouvrage. Donc est-ce encore utile, une encyclopédie? == ''Le but d'une encyclopédie n'est pas d'accumuler toute la connaissance, mais de donner un résumé.'' Le but et l'intérêt d'une encyclopédie sont surtout de relier les connaissances entre elles. La raison d'être d'une encyclopédie n'est pas d'être finie mais d'exister, et son utilité tient à son existence, et pas à son exhaustivité. == Quand a débuté Wikipédia ? == Le projet a commencé le 15 janvier 2001 en anglais : http://www.wikipedia.org/. Son fondateur est Jimbo Wales, propriétaire de la société Bomis. == le Wikipédia ou la Wikipédia ? == En fait, on constate que le mot Wikipédia désigne trois entités différentes : * L'encyclopédie Wikipédia qui est inspirée d'encyclopædia, tournure latine clairement féminine. La forme française encyclopédie est également de genre féminin. * Le projet d'écriture de l'encyclopédie et sa communauté associée : on parle alors du Wikipédia. * Le logiciel Wikipédia support du site : usage secondaire où le masculin semble aussi plus naturel. En résumé, le cœur du projet ou encyclopédie invite à l'emploi au féminin, alors que les autres emplois se font généralement au masculin. == Comment fonctionne Wikipédia ? == Voir aussi : [[FAQ]], Comment éditer une page Sur le principe du Wiki avec un logiciel adapté pour la circonstance (MediaWiki). Il y a actuellement plusieurs centaines de contributeurs pour la partie francophone et plusieurs milliers pour la partie anglophone. Toute personne peut créer ou modifier un article. Les contributeurs peuvent se créer un compte avec un nom et un mot de passe, mais ce n'est pas obligatoire. Les contributeurs enregistrés bénéficient d'une page personnelle et de fonctionnalités supplémentaires, notamment le suivi et l'historique de leurs contributions. De ce fait, la plupart des contributeurs sont enregistrés. == Comment peut-on être sûr de la crédibilité des informations ? == La question de la crédibilité de l'information est une question à se poser en permanence lorsque nous lisons un journal, écoutons la radio, regardons la télé ou lisons un article de Wikipédia. La seule différence avec Wikipédia, c'est que si vous trouvez quelque chose qui vous semble faux, vous pouvez le corriger immédiatement. N'oubliez pas qu'un article, c'est la version du jour plus son historique, des milliers d'yeux et des milliers de mains essaient de faire leur travail honnêtement. [modifier] == Qui possède Wikipédia ? == Humm... Bonne question. Jusqu'à l'été 2003, w:Jimbo Wales, ou plutôt sa société Bomis, Inc, commanditait Wikipédia (et fournissait donc les serveurs) et payait la bande passante. Jimbo est aussi appelé notre benevolent dictator. À présent, le propriétaire des serveurs, du nom de domaine et de la disposition des pages est la ''Fondation Wikimedia'', fondation à but non lucratif de droit américain, établie en 2003. Bomis, Inc, nous fournit toujours sa connexion internet. Par ailleurs, les articles sont publiés sous la Licence de documentation libre GNU GFDL, ces articles sont donc libres. On ne peut donc pas vraiment dire que la Fondation possède les articles, au sens traditionnel du terme. On peut donc dire que personne ne la possède. Ou qu'elle nous appartient à tous. Et surtout à chacun(e). == Utilisation du contenu de Wikipédia == Le but de Wikipédia est de créer une source d'informations dans le format d'une encyclopédie référencée qui soit accessible à tous gratuitement. La licence que nous utilisons pour le contenu est très semblable à celle du logiciel libre: le contenu peut être copié, modifié, redistribué, mais toute nouvelle version est obligatoirement sous la même licence et doit indiquer Wikipédia comme source. Dans ce but, le texte des articles disponibles sur Wikipédia est couvert par la Licence de documentation libre GNU. Celle-ci garantit la liberté du contenu à perpétuité. Principalement : * le contenu de Wikipédia est libre de droits ; * chacun a le droit de le copier ; * chacun a le droit de le modifier, ici ou ailleurs ; * Wikipédia doit être indiquée comme source ; * toute copie ou modification est obligatoirement soumise aux mêmes conditions. == Autres langues et projets == Voir aussi : m:Complete list of wikimedia projects Le projet a débuté en anglais ; avec le succès de cette première version, d'autres langues ont été lancées. Pour aider à la coordination des langues, nous utilisons des listes de discussions, et l'espace méta : http://meta.wikipedia.org. Des ambassades existent pour la Coordination multilingue. Environ 50 langues sont actives. Plus de 150 sont cependant en place. Wikipédia dans des langues africaines: * en afrikaans: http://br.wikipedia.org/ * en basa sunda: http://su.wikipedia.org/ * en sesoto: http://st.wikipedia.org/ * en swahili: http://eu.wikipedia.org/ * en wolof: http://wo.wikipedia.org/ * en zulu: http://zu.wikipedia.org/ Voir aussi: Statistiques: Évolution du nombre d'articles sur les différentes Wikipédias et classement selon le nombre d'articles == Autres projets == * Wiktionary (http://fr.wiktionary.org): un dictionnaire et thésaurus * Nupedia (http://www.nupedia.com). L'encyclopédie Nupédia * Enciclopedia Libre (http://enciclopedia.us.es/). Une encyclopédie libre en espagnol == Serveurs, logiciel et développement == Wikipédia utilise un logiciel libre sous licence GPL appelé MediaWiki disponible sur http://wikipedia.sourceforge.net/. Le site fonctionne actuellement sur des serveurs Linux avec Apache, PHP, MySQL et Squid. La maintenance des serveurs et le développement de l'application sont assurés par les participants volontaires en tant que développeurs. == Qui dirige Wikipédia ? == Personne ne dirige Wikipédia, toutefois certains contributeurs ont accès à des fonctionnalités supplémentaires : ce sont les administrateurs. Ceux-ci peuvent supprimer des pages, bloquer ou débloquer une page, et aussi bloquer un contributeur. Les administrateurs sont choisis par consensus parmi les contributeurs ayant déjà plusieurs mois de participation. Les bureaucrates sont des administrateurs locaux pouvant nommer des utilisateurs administrateurs. Les m:stewards peuvent modifier le statut de n'importe quel utilisateur sur tout projet Wikimedia. Un statut administratif n'a pas d'incidence sur la participation en tant qu'éditeur. == Quel est l'intérêt pour un éditeur d'en faire partie ? == Apprendre et partager. == Et ça marche ou pas ? == Très bien! Nous possédons déjà de nombreux articles de qualité (Wikipédia:Articles de qualité). Vous pouvez consulter les statistiques de fréquentation de la partie francophone à http://fr.wikipedia.org/stats/, ainsi que des statistiques détaillées sur l'ensemble de l'encyclopédie à http://www.wikipedia.org/wikistats/FR/Sitemap.htm Wikipédia est le site Web encyclopédique le plus visité au monde. C'est aussi le plus gros Wiki. Le nombre d'articles non anglophones a dépassé le nombre d'articles en anglais. Récemment Wikipédia est entrée dans les 400 sites Web les plus visités : http://www.alexa.com/data/details/traffic_details?q=wikipedia&url=http://www.wikipedia.org/ et atteint une fréquentation équivalente à celle de Slashdot pour donner un ordre d'idée. Il y a environ 1 800 utilisateurs avec un compte sur le Wikipédia en français. == Toutes les Wikipédias sont-elles sur le même serveur ? == Oui et non. Jusqu'à l'été 2002, seule la Wikipédia anglaise était en phase 3 (version 3 du logiciel) et les autres Wikipédias (en phase I) étaient sur un deuxième serveur. Les Wikipédias passées en phase III ont été progressivement réunies au cours de l'automne 2002 (passage à la version 3 du logiciel). Au printemps 2003, un deuxième serveur est arrivé à la rescousse; la Wikipédia anglaise a donc été à nouveau séparée des autres Wikipédias. À l'automne 2003, les besoins en serveurs se font lourdement sentir en raison des fortes augmentations de trafic. Une levée de fonds (http://wikimediafoundation.org/Faites_un_don) est organisée. Le 13 février 2004, de nouveaux serveurs sont arrivés, neuf au total. Ils sont tous au service de toutes les encyclopédies. Détail des serveurs. Une solution au problème du stockage des données, et par conséquent également au problème de la bande passante, pourrait être de remplacer le système actuel de type clients/serveur par un système de réseau partagé de type poste-à-poste ("peer to peer"). [modifier] J'ai de nombreuses objections au concept de Wikipédia... Allez lire les réponses aux objections les plus courantes. Consultez également ce qui pourrait arriver de pire à Wikipédia (http://meta.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Worst_cases) == Communications internes == Pour communiquer entre nous, nous utilisons les pages de discussion de chaque article, nos propres pages personnelles (voir la liste des participants) et des espaces de discussions. == Ils ont parlé de Wikipédia... == Depuis peu, en partie grâce à son intégration dans le logiciel Mozilla Firefox, Wikipédia devient de plus en plus connue... 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N'hésitez pas, cliquez sur edit et traduisez cette page ou un paragraphe!''' Cet article est l'aide du projet Wikipédia [[lingála]]. Vous trouverez sur cette page des liens vers différentes rubriques. * Si vous vous posez des questions, il y a de bonnes chances que vous les trouviez dans notre [[Wikipedia:Bosungi (FAQ)|Foire aux questions]] qui contient les réponses aux questions les plus courantes. * Pour savoir comment editer, cliquez ici: [[FAQ]] Wikipédia est un projet encyclopédique de type WikiWiki, libre et gratuit. Le 23 février 2004, l'ensemble du projet comportait environ 500 000 articles en plus de 50 langues différentes. En septembre de la même année, le projet a doublé ces deux nombres... Le contenu de Wikipédia est couvert par la Licence de documentation libre GNU. == On sait maintenant que toute la connaissance ne rentrera plus jamais dans un seul ouvrage. Donc est-ce encore utile, une encyclopédie? == ''Le but d'une encyclopédie n'est pas d'accumuler toute la connaissance, mais de donner un résumé.'' Le but et l'intérêt d'une encyclopédie sont surtout de relier les connaissances entre elles. La raison d'être d'une encyclopédie n'est pas d'être finie mais d'exister, et son utilité tient à son existence, et pas à son exhaustivité. == Quand a débuté Wikipédia ? == Le projet a commencé le 15 janvier 2001 en anglais : http://www.wikipedia.org/. Son fondateur est Jimbo Wales, propriétaire de la société Bomis. == le Wikipédia ou la Wikipédia ? == En fait, on constate que le mot Wikipédia désigne trois entités différentes : * L'encyclopédie Wikipédia qui est inspirée d'encyclopædia, tournure latine clairement féminine. La forme française encyclopédie est également de genre féminin. * Le projet d'écriture de l'encyclopédie et sa communauté associée : on parle alors du Wikipédia. * Le logiciel Wikipédia support du site : usage secondaire où le masculin semble aussi plus naturel. En résumé, le cœur du projet ou encyclopédie invite à l'emploi au féminin, alors que les autres emplois se font généralement au masculin. == Comment fonctionne Wikipédia ? == Voir aussi : [[FAQ]], Comment éditer une page Sur le principe du Wiki avec un logiciel adapté pour la circonstance (MediaWiki). Il y a actuellement plusieurs centaines de contributeurs pour la partie francophone et plusieurs milliers pour la partie anglophone. Toute personne peut créer ou modifier un article. Les contributeurs peuvent se créer un compte avec un nom et un mot de passe, mais ce n'est pas obligatoire. Les contributeurs enregistrés bénéficient d'une page personnelle et de fonctionnalités supplémentaires, notamment le suivi et l'historique de leurs contributions. De ce fait, la plupart des contributeurs sont enregistrés. == Comment peut-on être sûr de la crédibilité des informations ? == La question de la crédibilité de l'information est une question à se poser en permanence lorsque nous lisons un journal, écoutons la radio, regardons la télé ou lisons un article de Wikipédia. La seule différence avec Wikipédia, c'est que si vous trouvez quelque chose qui vous semble faux, vous pouvez le corriger immédiatement. N'oubliez pas qu'un article, c'est la version du jour plus son historique, des milliers d'yeux et des milliers de mains essaient de faire leur travail honnêtement. [modifier] == Qui possède Wikipédia ? == Humm... Bonne question. Jusqu'à l'été 2003, w:Jimbo Wales, ou plutôt sa société Bomis, Inc, commanditait Wikipédia (et fournissait donc les serveurs) et payait la bande passante. Jimbo est aussi appelé notre benevolent dictator. À présent, le propriétaire des serveurs, du nom de domaine et de la disposition des pages est la ''Fondation Wikimedia'', fondation à but non lucratif de droit américain, établie en 2003. Bomis, Inc, nous fournit toujours sa connexion internet. Par ailleurs, les articles sont publiés sous la Licence de documentation libre GNU GFDL, ces articles sont donc libres. On ne peut donc pas vraiment dire que la Fondation possède les articles, au sens traditionnel du terme. On peut donc dire que personne ne la possède. Ou qu'elle nous appartient à tous. Et surtout à chacun(e). == Utilisation du contenu de Wikipédia == Le but de Wikipédia est de créer une source d'informations dans le format d'une encyclopédie référencée qui soit accessible à tous gratuitement. La licence que nous utilisons pour le contenu est très semblable à celle du logiciel libre: le contenu peut être copié, modifié, redistribué, mais toute nouvelle version est obligatoirement sous la même licence et doit indiquer Wikipédia comme source. Dans ce but, le texte des articles disponibles sur Wikipédia est couvert par la Licence de documentation libre GNU. Celle-ci garantit la liberté du contenu à perpétuité. Principalement : * le contenu de Wikipédia est libre de droits ; * chacun a le droit de le copier ; * chacun a le droit de le modifier, ici ou ailleurs ; * Wikipédia doit être indiquée comme source ; * toute copie ou modification est obligatoirement soumise aux mêmes conditions. == Autres langues et projets == Voir aussi : m:Complete list of wikimedia projects Le projet a débuté en anglais ; avec le succès de cette première version, d'autres langues ont été lancées. Pour aider à la coordination des langues, nous utilisons des listes de discussions, et l'espace méta : http://meta.wikipedia.org. Des ambassades existent pour la Coordination multilingue. Environ 50 langues sont actives. Plus de 150 sont cependant en place. Wikipédia dans des langues africaines: * en afrikaans: http://br.wikipedia.org/ * en basa sunda: http://su.wikipedia.org/ * en sesoto: http://st.wikipedia.org/ * en swahili: http://eu.wikipedia.org/ * en wolof: http://wo.wikipedia.org/ * en zulu: http://zu.wikipedia.org/ Voir aussi: Statistiques: Évolution du nombre d'articles sur les différentes Wikipédias et classement selon le nombre d'articles == Autres projets == * Wiktionary (http://fr.wiktionary.org): un dictionnaire et thésaurus * Nupedia (http://www.nupedia.com). L'encyclopédie Nupédia * Enciclopedia Libre (http://enciclopedia.us.es/). Une encyclopédie libre en espagnol == Serveurs, logiciel et développement == Wikipédia utilise un logiciel libre sous licence GPL appelé MediaWiki disponible sur http://wikipedia.sourceforge.net/. Le site fonctionne actuellement sur des serveurs Linux avec Apache, PHP, MySQL et Squid. La maintenance des serveurs et le développement de l'application sont assurés par les participants volontaires en tant que développeurs. == Qui dirige Wikipédia ? == Personne ne dirige Wikipédia, toutefois certains contributeurs ont accès à des fonctionnalités supplémentaires : ce sont les administrateurs. Ceux-ci peuvent supprimer des pages, bloquer ou débloquer une page, et aussi bloquer un contributeur. Les administrateurs sont choisis par consensus parmi les contributeurs ayant déjà plusieurs mois de participation. Les bureaucrates sont des administrateurs locaux pouvant nommer des utilisateurs administrateurs. Les m:stewards peuvent modifier le statut de n'importe quel utilisateur sur tout projet Wikimedia. Un statut administratif n'a pas d'incidence sur la participation en tant qu'éditeur. == Quel est l'intérêt pour un éditeur d'en faire partie ? == Apprendre et partager. == Et ça marche ou pas ? == Très bien! Nous possédons déjà de nombreux articles de qualité (Wikipédia:Articles de qualité). Vous pouvez consulter les statistiques de fréquentation de la partie francophone à http://fr.wikipedia.org/stats/, ainsi que des statistiques détaillées sur l'ensemble de l'encyclopédie à http://www.wikipedia.org/wikistats/FR/Sitemap.htm Wikipédia est le site Web encyclopédique le plus visité au monde. C'est aussi le plus gros Wiki. Le nombre d'articles non anglophones a dépassé le nombre d'articles en anglais. Récemment Wikipédia est entrée dans les 400 sites Web les plus visités : http://www.alexa.com/data/details/traffic_details?q=wikipedia&url=http://www.wikipedia.org/ et atteint une fréquentation équivalente à celle de Slashdot pour donner un ordre d'idée. Il y a environ 1 800 utilisateurs avec un compte sur le Wikipédia en français. == Toutes les Wikipédias sont-elles sur le même serveur ? == Oui et non. Jusqu'à l'été 2002, seule la Wikipédia anglaise était en phase 3 (version 3 du logiciel) et les autres Wikipédias (en phase I) étaient sur un deuxième serveur. Les Wikipédias passées en phase III ont été progressivement réunies au cours de l'automne 2002 (passage à la version 3 du logiciel). Au printemps 2003, un deuxième serveur est arrivé à la rescousse; la Wikipédia anglaise a donc été à nouveau séparée des autres Wikipédias. À l'automne 2003, les besoins en serveurs se font lourdement sentir en raison des fortes augmentations de trafic. Une levée de fonds (http://wikimediafoundation.org/Faites_un_don) est organisée. Le 13 février 2004, de nouveaux serveurs sont arrivés, neuf au total. Ils sont tous au service de toutes les encyclopédies. Détail des serveurs. Une solution au problème du stockage des données, et par conséquent également au problème de la bande passante, pourrait être de remplacer le système actuel de type clients/serveur par un système de réseau partagé de type poste-à-poste ("peer to peer"). [modifier] J'ai de nombreuses objections au concept de Wikipédia... Allez lire les réponses aux objections les plus courantes. Consultez également ce qui pourrait arriver de pire à Wikipédia (http://meta.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Worst_cases) == Communications internes == Pour communiquer entre nous, nous utilisons les pages de discussion de chaque article, nos propres pages personnelles (voir la liste des participants) et des espaces de discussions. == Ils ont parlé de Wikipédia... == Depuis peu, en partie grâce à son intégration dans le logiciel Mozilla Firefox, Wikipédia devient de plus en plus connue... On peut consulter le recensement des articles concernant Wikipédia, sur la page de revue de presse. Wikipedia:FAQ 1022 2174 2005-01-22T00:12:34Z 80.218.21.70 Pratiquement toutes les pages de Wikipédia peuvent être immédiatement modifiées par tous les visiteurs, sans enregistrement préalable : 1. Cliquez sur '''Modifier''' en haut de la page. 2. Le texte de la page apparaît dans un champ éditable: tapez, effacez, corrigez ce que vous voulez en lingala. 3. Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. 4. Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''Sauvegarder''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. 2201 2005-01-22T00:17:53Z 80.218.21.70 '''Vous parlez le lingala? N'hésitez pas, cliquez sur edit et traduisez ces quelques phrases français en lingala! Merci.''' Pratiquement toutes les pages de Wikipédia peuvent être immédiatement modifiées par tous les visiteurs, sans enregistrement préalable : 1. Cliquez sur '''Modifier''' en haut de la page. 2. Le texte de la page apparaît dans un champ éditable: tapez, effacez, corrigez ce que vous voulez en lingala. 3. Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. 4. Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''Sauvegarder''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |''texte en italique'' |<nowiki>''texte en italique''</nowiki> (apostrophes et non guillemets) |- | '''texte en gras''' ||<nowiki>'''texte en gras'''</nowiki> |- |<ul><li>liste</li><li>à</li><li>puce</li></ul> |<nowiki>*</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>à<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>puce |- |<ol><li>liste</li><li>numérotée</li></ol> |<nowiki>#</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>#</nowiki>numérotée |- |<h2>Titre de section</h2> |<nowiki> ==Titre de section== </nowiki> |- |<h3>Titre de sous-section</h3> |<nowiki>===Titre de sous-section===</nowiki> |} Cet article vous présente la [[syntaxe|syntaxe propre à wikipédia]]. Il résume sous la forme de tableaux les différentes mises en forme possibles. La colonne de droite indique les codes à saisir, et celle de gauche l'effet obtenu. Vous pouvez effectuer vos tests sur le [[Wikipédia:Bac à sable|Bac à sable]] qui est réservé à cet usage. 2202 2005-01-26T14:28:35Z 195.65.169.21 '''Vous parlez le lingala? N'hésitez pas, cliquez sur edit et traduisez ces quelques phrases français en lingala! Merci.''' Pratiquement toutes les pages de Wikipédia peuvent être immédiatement modifiées par tous les visiteurs, sans enregistrement préalable : 1. Cliquez sur '''Modifier''' en haut de la page. 2. Le texte de la page apparaît dans un champ éditable: tapez, effacez, corrigez ce que vous voulez en lingala. 3. Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. 4. Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''Sauvegarder''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |''texte en italique'' |<nowiki>''texte en italique''</nowiki> (apostrophes et non guillemets) |- | '''texte en gras''' ||<nowiki>'''texte en gras'''</nowiki> |- |<ul><li>liste</li><li>à</li><li>puce</li></ul> |<nowiki>*</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>à<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>puce |- |<ol><li>liste</li><li>numérotée</li></ol> |<nowiki>#</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>#</nowiki>numérotée |- |<h2>Titre de section</h2> |<nowiki> ==Titre de section== </nowiki> |- |<h3>Titre de sous-section</h3> |<nowiki>===Titre de sous-section===</nowiki> |} Cet article vous présente la [[syntaxe|syntaxe propre à wikipédia]]. Il résume sous la forme de tableaux les différentes mises en forme possibles. La colonne de droite indique les codes à saisir, et celle de gauche l'effet obtenu. Vous pouvez effectuer vos tests sur le [[Wikipédia:Bac à sable|Bac à sable]] qui est réservé à cet usage. 2237 2005-01-26T14:29:18Z 195.65.169.21 '''Vous parlez le lingala? N'hésitez pas, cliquez sur edit et traduisez ces quelques phrases français en lingala! Merci.''' Pratiquement toutes les pages de Wikipédia peuvent être immédiatement modifiées par tous les visiteurs, sans enregistrement préalable : *Cliquez sur '''Modifier''' en haut de la page. *Le texte de la page apparaît dans un champ éditable: tapez, effacez, corrigez ce que vous voulez en lingala. *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''Sauvegarder''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |''texte en italique'' |<nowiki>''texte en italique''</nowiki> (apostrophes et non guillemets) |- | '''texte en gras''' ||<nowiki>'''texte en gras'''</nowiki> |- |<ul><li>liste</li><li>à</li><li>puce</li></ul> |<nowiki>*</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>à<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>puce |- |<ol><li>liste</li><li>numérotée</li></ol> |<nowiki>#</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>#</nowiki>numérotée |- |<h2>Titre de section</h2> |<nowiki> ==Titre de section== </nowiki> |- |<h3>Titre de sous-section</h3> |<nowiki>===Titre de sous-section===</nowiki> |} Cet article vous présente la [[syntaxe|syntaxe propre à wikipédia]]. Il résume sous la forme de tableaux les différentes mises en forme possibles. La colonne de droite indique les codes à saisir, et celle de gauche l'effet obtenu. Vous pouvez effectuer vos tests sur le [[Wikipédia:Bac à sable|Bac à sable]] qui est réservé à cet usage. 2238 2005-02-02T21:45:27Z 80.218.21.70 '''Vous parlez le lingala? N'hésitez pas, cliquez sur edit et traduisez ces quelques phrases français en lingala! Merci.''' == Comment modifier ou ajouter un article? == Pratiquement toutes les pages de Wikipédia peuvent être immédiatement modifiées par tous les visiteurs, sans enregistrement préalable : *Cliquez sur '''Modifier''' en haut de la page. *Le texte de la page apparaît dans un champ éditable: tapez, effacez, corrigez ce que vous voulez en lingala. *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''Sauvegarder''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Comment changer les polices en gras ou italique? == Vous pouvez marquer le texte en question (appuyer la touche de la souris et glisser à travers du texte). Ensuite cliquez en haut à gauche sur le bouton avec le "'''B'''" gras pour gras ou sur le bouton avec le "'''''I'''''" italique pour italique. Le texte marqué sera signé par deux ou trois ' pour qu'il sera affiché gras ou italique. {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |''texte en italique'' |<nowiki>''texte en italique''</nowiki> (apostrophes et non guillemets) |- | '''texte en gras''' |<nowiki>'''texte en gras'''</nowiki> |} *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''Sauvegarder''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Comment faire une liste? == {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |<ul><li>liste</li><li>à</li><li>puce</li></ul> |<nowiki>*</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>à<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>puce |- |<ol><li>liste</li><li>numérotée</li></ol> |<nowiki>#</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>#</nowiki>numérotée |} *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''Sauvegarder''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Comment faire les titres? == Vous pouvez marquer le texte en question (appuyer la touche de la souris et glisser à travers du texte). Ensuite cliquez en haut à gauche sur le bouton avec le grand "'''A'''". Le texte marqué sera signé par les "==" pour qu'il sera affiché comme titre. {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |<h2>Titre de section</h2> |<nowiki> ==Titre de section== </nowiki> |- |<h3>Titre de sous-section</h3> |<nowiki>===Titre de sous-section===</nowiki> |} *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''Sauvegarder''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Y-a-t-il d'autres possibilités pour éditer? == Cet article vous présente la [[syntaxe|syntaxe propre à wikipédia]]. Il résume sous la forme de tableaux les différentes mises en forme possibles. La colonne de droite indique les codes à saisir, et celle de gauche l'effet obtenu. == Où est-ce que je peux faire mes premiers pas sans rien casser? == Vous pouvez effectuer vos tests sur le [[Wikipédia:Esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]] qui est réservé à cet usage. 2240 2005-02-02T21:47:00Z 80.218.21.70 /* Comment changer les polices en gras ou italique? */ '''Vous parlez le lingala? N'hésitez pas, cliquez sur edit et traduisez ces quelques phrases français en lingala! Merci.''' == Comment modifier ou ajouter un article? == Pratiquement toutes les pages de Wikipédia peuvent être immédiatement modifiées par tous les visiteurs, sans enregistrement préalable : *Cliquez sur '''Modifier''' en haut de la page. *Le texte de la page apparaît dans un champ éditable: tapez, effacez, corrigez ce que vous voulez en lingala. *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''Sauvegarder''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Comment changer les polices en '''gras''' ou ''italique''? == Vous pouvez marquer le texte en question (appuyer la touche de la souris et glisser à travers du texte). Ensuite cliquez en haut à gauche sur le bouton avec le "'''B'''" gras pour gras ou sur le bouton avec le "'''''I'''''" italique pour italique. Le texte marqué sera signé par deux ou trois ' pour qu'il sera affiché gras ou italique. {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |''texte en italique'' |<nowiki>''texte en italique''</nowiki> (apostrophes et non guillemets) |- | '''texte en gras''' |<nowiki>'''texte en gras'''</nowiki> |} *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''Sauvegarder''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Comment faire une liste? == {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |<ul><li>liste</li><li>à</li><li>puce</li></ul> |<nowiki>*</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>à<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>puce |- |<ol><li>liste</li><li>numérotée</li></ol> |<nowiki>#</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>#</nowiki>numérotée |} *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''Sauvegarder''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Comment faire les titres? == Vous pouvez marquer le texte en question (appuyer la touche de la souris et glisser à travers du texte). Ensuite cliquez en haut à gauche sur le bouton avec le grand "'''A'''". Le texte marqué sera signé par les "==" pour qu'il sera affiché comme titre. {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |<h2>Titre de section</h2> |<nowiki> ==Titre de section== </nowiki> |- |<h3>Titre de sous-section</h3> |<nowiki>===Titre de sous-section===</nowiki> |} *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''Sauvegarder''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Y-a-t-il d'autres possibilités pour éditer? == Cet article vous présente la [[syntaxe|syntaxe propre à wikipédia]]. Il résume sous la forme de tableaux les différentes mises en forme possibles. La colonne de droite indique les codes à saisir, et celle de gauche l'effet obtenu. == Où est-ce que je peux faire mes premiers pas sans rien casser? == Vous pouvez effectuer vos tests sur le [[Wikipédia:Esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]] qui est réservé à cet usage. 4590 2005-02-02T21:52:15Z 80.218.21.70 /* Où est-ce que je peux faire mes premiers pas sans rien casser? */ '''Vous parlez le lingala? N'hésitez pas, cliquez sur edit et traduisez ces quelques phrases français en lingala! Merci.''' == Comment modifier ou ajouter un article? == Pratiquement toutes les pages de Wikipédia peuvent être immédiatement modifiées par tous les visiteurs, sans enregistrement préalable : *Cliquez sur '''Modifier''' en haut de la page. *Le texte de la page apparaît dans un champ éditable: tapez, effacez, corrigez ce que vous voulez en lingala. *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''Sauvegarder''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Comment changer les polices en '''gras''' ou ''italique''? == Vous pouvez marquer le texte en question (appuyer la touche de la souris et glisser à travers du texte). Ensuite cliquez en haut à gauche sur le bouton avec le "'''B'''" gras pour gras ou sur le bouton avec le "'''''I'''''" italique pour italique. Le texte marqué sera signé par deux ou trois ' pour qu'il sera affiché gras ou italique. {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |''texte en italique'' |<nowiki>''texte en italique''</nowiki> (apostrophes et non guillemets) |- | '''texte en gras''' |<nowiki>'''texte en gras'''</nowiki> |} *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''Sauvegarder''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Comment faire une liste? == {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |<ul><li>liste</li><li>à</li><li>puce</li></ul> |<nowiki>*</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>à<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>puce |- |<ol><li>liste</li><li>numérotée</li></ol> |<nowiki>#</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>#</nowiki>numérotée |} *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''Sauvegarder''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Comment faire les titres? == Vous pouvez marquer le texte en question (appuyer la touche de la souris et glisser à travers du texte). Ensuite cliquez en haut à gauche sur le bouton avec le grand "'''A'''". Le texte marqué sera signé par les "==" pour qu'il sera affiché comme titre. {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |<h2>Titre de section</h2> |<nowiki> ==Titre de section== </nowiki> |- |<h3>Titre de sous-section</h3> |<nowiki>===Titre de sous-section===</nowiki> |} *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''Sauvegarder''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Y-a-t-il d'autres possibilités pour éditer? == Cet article vous présente la [[syntaxe|syntaxe propre à wikipédia]]. Il résume sous la forme de tableaux les différentes mises en forme possibles. La colonne de droite indique les codes à saisir, et celle de gauche l'effet obtenu. == Où est-ce que je peux faire mes premiers pas sans rien casser? == Vous pouvez effectuer vos tests sur le [[Wikipedia:Esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]] qui est réservé à cet usage. 7219 2005-12-06T08:03:45Z Moyogo 11 '''Vous parlez le lingala? N'hésitez pas, cliquez sur edit et traduisez ces quelques phrases français en lingala! Merci.''' == Comment modifier ou ajouter un article? == Pratiquement toutes les pages de Wikipédia peuvent être immédiatement modifiées par tous les visiteurs, sans enregistrement préalable : *Cliquez sur '''Modifier''' en haut de la page. *Le texte de la page apparaît dans un champ éditable: tapez, effacez, corrigez ce que vous voulez en lingala. *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''Sauvegarder''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Comment changer les polices en '''gras''' ou ''italique''? == Vous pouvez marquer le texte en question (appuyer la touche de la souris et glisser à travers du texte). Ensuite cliquez en haut à gauche sur le bouton avec le "'''B'''" gras pour gras ou sur le bouton avec le "'''''I'''''" italique pour italique. Le texte marqué sera signé par deux ou trois ' pour qu'il sera affiché gras ou italique. {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |''texte en italique'' |<nowiki>''texte en italique''</nowiki> (apostrophes et non guillemets) |- | '''texte en gras''' |<nowiki>'''texte en gras'''</nowiki> |} *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''Sauvegarder''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Comment faire une liste? == {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |<ul><li>liste</li><li>à</li><li>puce</li></ul> |<nowiki>*</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>à<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>puce |- |<ol><li>liste</li><li>numérotée</li></ol> |<nowiki>#</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>#</nowiki>numérotée |} *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''Sauvegarder''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Comment faire les titres? == Vous pouvez marquer le texte en question (appuyer la touche de la souris et glisser à travers du texte). Ensuite cliquez en haut à gauche sur le bouton avec le grand "'''A'''". Le texte marqué sera signé par les "==" pour qu'il sera affiché comme titre. {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |<h2>Titre de section</h2> |<nowiki> ==Titre de section== </nowiki> |- |<h3>Titre de sous-section</h3> |<nowiki>===Titre de sous-section===</nowiki> |} *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''Sauvegarder''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Y-a-t-il d'autres possibilités pour éditer? == Cet article vous présente la [[Wikipedia:syntaxe|syntaxe propre à wikipédia]]. Il résume sous la forme de tableaux les différentes mises en forme possibles. La colonne de droite indique les codes à saisir, et celle de gauche l'effet obtenu. == Où est-ce que je peux faire mes premiers pas sans rien casser? == Vous pouvez effectuer vos tests sur le [[Wikipedia:Esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]] qui est réservé à cet usage. Wikipedia:Syntaxe 1023 2175 2005-01-22T00:20:29Z 80.218.21.70 [[Catégorie:Wikipédia:aide technique|Syntaxe wikipédia]] '''Vous parlez le lingala? Aidez à traduire cette page ou un seul paragraphe. Merci.''' Pour [[FAQ|mettre en forme]] vos articles, [[Wikipédia]] permet d'introduire certains codes&nbsp;; les plus courants sont: {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |''texte en italique'' |<nowiki>''texte en italique''</nowiki> (apostrophes et non guillemets) |- | '''texte en gras''' ||<nowiki>'''texte en gras'''</nowiki> |- |<ul><li>liste</li><li>à</li><li>puce</li></ul> |<nowiki>*</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>à<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>puce |- |<ol><li>liste</li><li>numérotée</li></ol> |<nowiki>#</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>#</nowiki>numérotée |- |<h2>Titre de section</h2> |<nowiki> ==Titre de section== </nowiki> |- |<h3>Titre de sous-section</h3> |<nowiki>===Titre de sous-section===</nowiki> |} Cet article vous présente la ''syntaxe propre à wikipédia''. Il résume sous la forme de tableaux les différentes mises en forme possibles. La colonne de droite indique les codes à saisir, et celle de gauche l'effet obtenu. Vous pouvez effectuer vos tests sur le [[Wikipédia:Bac à sable|Bac à sable]] qui est réservé à cet usage. == Table des matières == Une table des matières est créée automatiquement si l'article comporte plus de 3 titres ou sous-titres (au moins 4). Pour supprimer le sommaire automatique, il suffit de mettre quelque part <nowiki>__NOTOC__</nowiki>. Pour modifier l'emplacement de la table des matières : placer <nowiki>__NOTOC__</nowiki> en haut de la page, puis insérer <nowiki>__TOC__</nowiki> là où vous désirez voir apparaître la table. == Sections, paragraphes, listes et lignes == {| border="1" |----- | Pour les titres : <br/><br/> == Nouvelle section == === Nouvelle sous-section === ==== Nouveau paragraphe ==== Les notations ci-contre sont respectivement équivalentes à l'utilisation des balises html &lt;h2&gt;...&lt;/h2&gt;, &lt;h3&gt;...&lt;/h3&gt; et &lt;h4&gt;...&lt;/h4&gt;. | <tt> <nowiki>== Nouvelle section ==</nowiki><br/> <nowiki>=== Nouvelle sous-section ===</nowiki><br/> <nowiki>==== Nouveau paragraphe ====</nowiki></tt> |----- | Un simple saut à la ligne n'a aucun effet. <br/><br/> Mais une ligne vide permet de séparer les paragraphes. | <pre>Un simple saut à la ligne n'a aucun effet. Mais une ligne vide permet de séparer les paragraphes.</pre> |----- valign="top" | Voilà comment il faut faire<br/> pour aller à la ligne. | <pre>Voilà comment il faut faire<br /> pour aller à la ligne.</pre> |----- | * Les listes sont bien pratiques : ** Elles permettent d'organiser les données ** Elles embellissent le document | <pre>* Les listes sont bien pratiques :</pre> <pre>** Elles permettent d'organiser les données</pre> <pre>** Elles embellissent le document</pre> |----- | # Les listes numérotées sont également bien pratiques # Bien organisées ## Faciles à lire | <pre># Les listes numérotées sont également bien pratiques</pre> <pre># Bien organisées</pre> <pre>## Faciles à lire</pre> |----- | :Les lignes peuvent être ::indentées :::sur plusieurs niveaux | <pre>:Les lignes peuvent être</pre> <pre>::indentées</pre> <pre>:::sur plusieurs niveaux</pre> |----- | Avec tout cela, il est maintenant possible de mélanger les types de listes : *Une liste numérotée : :#Premier élément :#Second élément *d'autres branches à l'arborescence | <pre> *Une liste numérotée : :#Premier élément :#Second élément *d'autres branches à l'arborescence </pre> |----- | ; Listes de définitions : listes contenant des définitions ; Terme à expliquer : explication du terme | <pre>; Listes de définitions : listes contenant des définitions</pre> <pre>; Terme à expliquer : explication du terme</pre> |----- | En utilisant des balises (''tags'') HTML c'est plus beau (mais c'est plus difficile à mémoriser) : <ul> <li>Une liste numérotée : <ol> <li>Premier élément <li>Second élément </ol> <li>d'autres branches à l'arborescence </ul> ''Petit truc mnémotechnique :'' *'' ol = Liste Ordonnée (c'est à dire numérotée - Ordered List en anglais)''&nbsp;; *'' ul = Liste "Unordonnée" (Unordered List en anglais) ou plus prosaïquement liste à puces''&nbsp;; *'' li = élément d'une liste (List Item en anglais). | <pre>&lt;ul&gt;</pre> <pre> &lt;li&gt;Une liste numérotée :</pre> <pre> &lt;ol&gt;</pre> <pre> &lt;li&gt;Premier élément</pre> <pre> &lt;li&gt;Second élément</pre> <pre> &lt;/ol&gt;</pre> <pre> &lt;li&gt;d'autres branches à l'arborescence</pre> <pre>&lt;/ul&gt;</pre> |----- valign="top" | SI (une ligne commence par une espace) ALORS elle apparaîtra exactement telle qu'elle a été saisie&nbsp;; dans une police non proportionnelle&nbsp;; les sauts de ligne ne seront pas automatiques&nbsp;; FIN SI C'est bien utile pour : • copier/coller un texte pré-formaté&nbsp;; • des descriptions d'algorithmes&nbsp;; | <pre> SI (une ligne commence par une espace) ALORS elle apparaîtra exactement telle qu'elle a été saisie; dans une police non proportionnelle; les sauts de ligne ne seront pas automatiques ; FIN SI C'est bien utile pour : &amp;bull; copier/coller un texte pré-formaté ; <br/><br/> &amp;bull; des descriptions d'algorithmes ;</pre> |----- valign="top" | <center>Le texte peut être centré.</center> | <pre>&lt;center&gt;Le texte peut être centré.&lt;/center&gt;</pre> |----- | Une ligne horizontale : au-dessus ---- et en-dessous. | <pre>Une ligne horizontale : au-dessus</pre> <pre>----</pre> <pre>et en-dessous.</pre> |} == Liens, adresses internet et images == {| border="1" |----- | colspan="2" | === Les liens === |----- valign="top" | Lien vers [[Accueil]].<br/> La première lettre apparaît automatiquement en [[majuscule]].<br/> Les espaces sont convertis en 'underscores'.<br/> Pour créer une nouvelle page, créez d'abord un lien vers cette page, puis cliquez sur le lien en rouge qui apparaît. | <pre>Lien vers [[Accueil]].</pre> |----- valign="top" | Le même lien, mais avec un nom différent : [[Accueil|page d'accueil]].<br/> Les liens ne peuvent contenir que des lettres et des espaces ! | <pre>Le même lien, mais avec un nom différent : [[Accueil|page d'accueil]]</pre>; |----- valign="top" | [[La sexualité des mouches dans le Vercors oriental]] est une page qui n'existe pas encore.<br/> Vous pouvez la créer en cliquant simplement sur le lien.<br/> Après l'avoir créée, faites une recherche sur son titre, et assurez-vous que les autres articles y font correctement référence. | <tt><nowiki>[[La sexualité des mouches dans le Vercors oriental]]</nowiki> est une page qui n'existe pas encore.</tt> |----- valign="top" | Pour les pages d'[[Wikipédia:Homonymie|homonymie]], il existe un raccourci pour cacher le domaine :<br/> la planète [[Jupiter (planète)|Jupiter]] | <tt><nowiki>la planète [[Jupiter (planète)|]]</nowiki></tt> |----- valign="top" | Pour référencer les pages utilisateur, il existe un raccourci pour éviter de taper deux fois le nom : [[Utilisateur:Dupont|Dupont]] est équivalent à [[Utilisateur:Dupont|Dupont]] | <tt><nowiki>[[Utilisateur:Dupont|]] est équivalent à [[Utilisateur:Dupont|Dupont]]</nowiki></tt> |----- valign="top" | Lien vers les commentaires associés à cette page ou à une page du domaine Wikipédia : [[Discussion Wikipédia:Comment modifier une page]]<br/> Lien vers une discussion d'une page normale du Wikipédia [[Discuter:Accueil]]<br/> | <tt>Lien vers les commentaires associés à cette page ou a une page du domaine Wikipédia : <nowiki>[[Discussion_Wikipédia:Comment modifier une page]]</nowiki><br/> Lien vers une discussion d'une page normale du Wikipédia <nowiki>[[Discuter:Accueil]]</nowiki></tt><br/> |----- valign="top" | [[Wikipédia:Redirection|Redirection]] d'une page vers une autre en mettant ce texte dans la première ligne. | <pre>#REDIRECT [[France]]</pre> |----- valign="top" | Il existe une notation pour référencer une page sur un Wikipédia dans une autre langue : [[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] <br/><br/> On peut ici aussi utiliser la barre verticale pour afficher un texte différent du titre de l'article pointé : [[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page|Cette page en anglais]] <br/><br/> Attention, ici la barre verticale seule en fin de lien ne permet pas de réduire le texte affiché au strict nécessaire : [[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page|en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] | <tt><nowiki>[[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page]]</nowiki> <br/><br/> <nowiki>[[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page|Cette page en anglais]]</nowiki> <br/><br/> <nowiki>[[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page|]]</nowiki> </tt> |----- valign="top" | Pour référencer un mot sur [[Wiktionary]] : [[wikt:Mot]] <br/><br/> On peut ici aussi utiliser la barre verticale pour afficher un texte différent du titre de l'article pointé : [[wikt:Mot|Mot]] ou directement [[wikt:Mot|Mot]] <br/><br/> On peut aussi référencer un mot sur un wiktionary dans une autre langue: [[wikt:en:Word]] ou [[Wikt:en:Word|Word]] | <tt><nowiki>[[wikt:Mot]]</nowiki> <br/><br/> <nowiki>[[wikt:Mot|Mot]]</nowiki> ou directement <nowiki>[[wikt:Mot|]]</nowiki> <br/><br/> <nowiki>[[wikt:en:Word]]</nowiki> ou <nowiki>[[wikt:en:Word|Word]]</nowiki> </tt> |----- | colspan="2" | === Les liens internes, les ancres === |----- valign="top" | Les ancres : <font id="ancre_1">ancre 1.</font> <font id="ancre_2">ancre 2.</font> Ces deux lignes sont des ancres vers lesquelles des liens internes à cette pages peuvent pointer. Des liens de pages externes aussi, d'ailleurs. | <pre><nowiki><font id="ancre_1">ancre 1.</font> <font id="ancre_2">ancre 2.</font></nowiki></pre> remarquer que la balise <nowiki><font></nowiki> n'est effectivement pas censée avoir d'effet de mise en forme. Elle n'est là que parce qu'il est nécessaire d'utiliser une balise HTML afin d'y placer un paramètre ''id'' qui indique le nom de l'ancre. Ça devrait pouvoir être n'importe quelle balise HTML que le wiki reconnaît. |----- valign="top" | Les liens vers des ancres externes sont des liens normaux qui pointent vers une ancre de la page vers laquelle ils dirigent. [[Wikipédia:Syntaxe wikipédia/Lien ancré#ancre_1|lien]] vers l'ancre 1 externe. [[Wikipédia:Syntaxe wikipédia/Lien ancré#ancre_2|lien]] vers l'ancre 2 externe. Ces deux ancres se trouvent sur la [[Wikipédia:Syntaxe wikipédia/Lien ancré|page d'explication des liens ancrés]]. | <pre><nowiki>[[Wikipédia:Syntaxe wikipédia/Lien ancré#ancre_1|lien]] vers l'ancre 1 externe. [[Wikipédia:Syntaxe wikipédia/Lien ancré#ancre_2|lien]] vers l'ancre 2 externe.</nowiki></pre> On crée un lien normalement, en ajoutant un dièse (#) suivi du nom de l'ancre vers laquelle le lien pointe à la fin du nom de la page pointée. |----- valign="top" | Les liens internes sont des liens normaux qui pointent vers des ancres de la page courante : [[#ancre_1|lien vers l'ancre 1]]. [[#ancre_2|lien vers l'ancre 2]]. | <pre><nowiki>[[#ancre_1|lien vers l'ancre 1]]. [[#ancre_2|lien vers l'ancre 2]].</nowiki></pre> Le nom de la page courante est toutefois implicite. |----- | colspan="2" | === Les adresses internet === |----- valign="top" | Lien externe : [http://www.nupedia.com Nupedia] | <pre>Lien externe : [http://www.nupedia.com Nupedia]</pre> |----- valign="top" | Mais l'adresse internet suffit : http://www.nupedia.com.<br/> (Bien pratique si on veut imprimer la page.) | <pre>Mais l'adresse internet suffit : http://www.nupedia.com.</pre> |----- | Il existe toute une liste de ''préfixes'' utilisables ainsi: <nowiki>[[prefixe:valeur]]</nowiki>.<br/>Une liste complète est disponible sur [[m:Interwiki map]] (en anglais) | Exemple: <nowiki>[[google:Wikipédia]]</nowiki> donne [[google:Wikipédia|ceci]] |----- | colspan="2" | === Les images === |----- valign="top" | '''Insérer une image :''' [[Image:wiki-exemple.png]]<br/> Pour ajouter une image, vous devez d'abord la copier sur le serveur, ce qui suppose de vous connecter comme utilisateur identifié, vous pouvez alors accéder à la page de copie sur le serveur : http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Upload<br/> <br/> Il faut ensuite placer le lien de l'image dans votre article.<br/> NE FAITES PAS de liens externes vers des fichiers se trouvant sur un serveur dont vous ne contrôlez pas le contenu ! Pour l'accessibilité des mal-voyants, il est conseillé d'ajouter le "nom de l'image", ceci permet au lecteur vocal ou à la tablette braille de fournir un descriptif parlant, là où il y a une image. Voir [[Wikipédia:Règles d'utilisation des images]] pour de plus amples informations à ce sujet. | <pre><nowiki>[[Image:wiki-exemple.png]]</nowiki></pre> ou <br/> <pre><nowiki>[[Image:wiki-exemple.png|nom de l'image]]</nowiki></pre> |----- | '''Faire "flotter" une image'''<br/><br/> [[Image:wiki-exemple.png|left]] Quand une image n'occupe pas la largeur de la page, il peut être agréable de la placer à gauche et que le texte s'écrive le long de celle-ci du côté droit.<br/> Pour cela, il vous suffit de recopier le code ci-contre à l'endroit où vous souhaitez voir l'image et de remplacer les parties en italique par le lien vers l'image et par la légende de l'image.<br/><br/> Si vous souhaitez placer l'image du côté droit, remplacer ''left'' par ''right''<br/> | <tt><nowiki>[[</nowiki>Image:<i>nom-image.png</i>|left|<i>Légende</i>]]<br/> Quand une image n'occupe pas la largeur de la page ... </tt> |----- | '''Faire "flotter" plusieurs images'''<br/> [[Image:Icon_no.png|left]][[Image: Icon_yes.png|left]]Plusieurs images qui "flottent" à la suite elles se positionnent les unes à coté des autres. <div style="float:right;padding:15px">[[Image:Icon_no.png]]<br/>[[Image: Icon_yes.png]]</div>Il est possible de forcer l'affichage d'images les unes en dessous des autres. Pour un meilleur rendu, cette astuce est à utiliser avec des images qui font la même largeur (voir ci dessous "Syntaxe étendue pour les images" pour imposer la taille des images). | <nowiki>[[Image:Icon_no.png|left]][[Image:Icon_yes.png|left]]</nowiki> Pour faire flotter un à coté de l'autre. <nowiki><div style="float:right;">[[Image:Icon_no.png]]<br/>[[Image: Icon_yes.png]]</div></nowiki> Pour faire flotter l'un en dessous de l'autre. |----- | colspan="2" | === Syntaxe étendue pour les images === |----- valign="top" | Une syntaxe étendue permet de contrôler la taille et la position des images:<br/> Les options disponibles sont les suivantes (si plusieurs options sont présentes, elles doivent être séparées par un signe <tt>|</tt>; il faut un <tt>|</tt> après la dernière option même si il n'y a pas de légende):<br/> *<tt>thumb</tt> ou <tt>thumbnail</tt> :permet de générer automatiquement une version réduite de l'image, dans un cadre. Par défaut, l'image sera alignée à droite. La légende, si présente, sera placée en dessous de l'image; une "icône loupe" placé à droite permet d'accéder à l'image en grandeur réelle. *<tt>framed</tt> :l'image est placée dans un cadre, comme avec l'option <tt>thumb</tt>, et accepte donc une légende mais n'est disponible que dans sa taille normale et l'"icône loupe" est donc absente. *<tt>right</tt> :permet d'aligner l'image à droite. Peut s'utiliser avec ou sans l'option <tt>thumb</tt>. *<tt>center</tt> :permet de centrer l'image. Peut s'utiliser avec ou sans l'option <tt>thumb</tt>. *<tt>left</tt> :permet d'aligner l'image à gauche. Peut s'utiliser avec ou sans l'option <tt>thumb</tt>. *<tt>none</tt> :permet de supprimer l'alignement par defaut. Cette option est surtout utile pour les images insérées dans un tableau. *<tt>''largeur'' px</tt> :permet de specifier la largeur de la version réduite. L'image affichée gardera le même aspect que l'image grandeur réelle. | <tt><nowiki>[[</nowiki>Image:''nom de l'image''|''options''|''légende'']] |} == Mise en forme des caractères == {| border="1" |----- valign="top" | ''Faire ressortir un mot'', '''un peu plus''', '''''encore plus'''''.<br/> À utiliser également dans les formules : '''F''' = ''m'' '''a'''. | <pre>''Faire ressortir un mot'', '''un peu plus''', '''''encore plus'''''. '''F''' = ''m'' '''a'''.</pre> |----- | <font size="+1" color="red">Polices amusantes</font><br/> Mais <code>== ... ==</code> est plus approprié pour séparer des sections. | <pre>&lt;font size="+2" color="red"&gt;Polices amusantes&lt;/font&gt;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Police machine à écrire pour les <tt>termes techniques</tt>. | <pre>&lt;tt&gt;termes techniques&lt;/tt&gt;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Vous pouvez <strike>barrer</strike> certains mots<br/> et <u>en souligner d'autres...</u>. Pratique ... | <pre>Vous pouvez &lt;strike&gt;barrer&lt;/strike&gt; certains mots et &lt;u&gt;en souligner d'autres...&lt;/u&gt;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Umlauts et accents : (cf [[Aide:Caractères spéciaux]] et [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Special_Characters Wiki special characters] (en anglais)<br/> À Á Â Ã Ä Å Æ <br/> Ç È É Ê Ë Ì Í <br/> Î Ï Ñ Ò Ó Ô Õ Œ<br/> Ö Ø Ù Ú Û Ü ß <br/> à á â ã ä å æ <br/> ç è é ê ë ì í <br/> î ï ñ ò ó ô õ œ<br/> ö ø ù ú û ü ÿ<br/> Note : depuis le passage à l'[[unicode]] on peut aussi parfaitement écrire les caractères spéciaux directement sans aucun souci. | <pre> &amp;Agrave; &amp;Aacute; &amp;Acirc; &amp;Atilde; &amp;Auml; &amp;Aring; &amp;AElig; &amp;Ccedil; &amp;Egrave; &amp;Eacute; &amp;Ecirc; &amp;Euml; &amp;Igrave; &amp;Iacute; &amp;Icirc; &amp;Iuml; &amp;Ntilde; &amp;Ograve; &amp;Oacute; &amp;Ocirc; &amp;Otilde; &amp;OElig; &amp;Ouml; &amp;Oslash; &amp;Ugrave; &amp;Uacute; &amp;Ucirc; &amp;Uuml; &amp;szlig; &amp;agrave; &amp;aacute; &amp;acirc; &amp;atilde; &amp;auml; &amp;aring; &amp;aelig; &amp;ccedil; &amp;egrave; &amp;eacute; &amp;ecirc; &amp;euml; &amp;igrave; &amp;iacute; &amp;icirc; &amp;iuml; &amp;ntilde; &amp;ograve; &amp;oacute; &amp;ocirc; &amp;otilde; &amp;oelig; &amp;ouml; &amp;oslash; &amp;ugrave; &amp;uacute; &amp;ucirc; &amp;uuml; &amp;yuml;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Ponctuations : ¿ ¡ « » § ¶<br/> † ‡ • | <pre>&amp;iquest; &amp;iexcl; &amp;laquo; &amp;raquo; &amp;sect; &amp;para; &amp;dagger; &amp;Dagger; &amp;bull; </pre> |----- valign="top" | Caractères spéciaux : ™ © ® ¢ € ¥ £ ¤ | <pre>&amp;trade; &amp;copy; &amp;reg; &amp;cent; &amp;euro; &amp;yen; &amp;pound; &amp;curren; </pre> |----- valign="top" | Indice (subscript en anglais) : x<sub>2</sub> et<br/> Exposant (superscript en anglais) : x<sup>2</sup> | <pre>Indice : x&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; et Exposant : x&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Caractères grecs : α β γ δ ε ζ η<br/> θ ι κ λ μ ν ξ <br/> π ρ σ ς τ υ φ<br/> χ ψ ω <br/> Γ Δ Θ Λ Ξ Π Σ <br/> Φ Ψ Ω | <pre>&amp;alpha; &amp;beta; &amp;gamma; &amp;delta; &amp;epsilon; &amp;zeta; &amp;eta; &amp;theta; &amp;iota; &amp;kappa; &amp;lambda; &amp;mu; &amp;nu; &amp;xi; &amp;pi; &amp;rho; &amp;sigma; &amp;sigmaf; &amp;tau; &amp;upsilon; &amp;phi; &amp;chi; &amp;psi; &amp;omega; &amp;Gamma; &amp;Delta; &amp;Theta; &amp;Lambda; &amp;Xi; &amp;Pi; &amp;Sigma; &amp;Phi; &amp;Psi; &amp;Omega; </pre> |----- valign="top" | Caractères mathématiques : (cf. [[Wikipedia:Caractères spéciaux]] et [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Special_Characters Wiki special characters] (en anglais)) <br/> ∫ ∑ ∏ √ ± ∞ <br/> ≈ ∝ ≡ ≠ ≤ ≥ → <br/> × · ÷ ∂ ′ ″ ∇ <br/> ‰ ° ∴ ℵ<br/> ø ∈ ∋ ∩ ∪ ⊂ ⊃ ⊆ ⊇<br/> ¬ ∧ ∨ ∃ ∀ ⇒ ⇔ | valign="middle" | <pre>&amp;int; &amp;sum; &amp;prod; &amp;radic; &amp;plusmn; &amp;infin; &amp;asymp; &amp;prop; &amp;equiv; &amp;ne; &amp;le; &amp;ge; &amp;rarr; &amp;times; &amp;middot; &amp;divide; &amp;part; &amp;prime; &amp;Prime; &amp;nabla; &amp;permil; &amp;deg; &amp;there4; &amp;alefsym; &amp;oslash; &amp;isin; &amp;ni; &amp;cap; &amp;cup; &amp;sub; &amp;sup; &amp;sube; &amp;supe; &amp;not; &amp;and; &amp;or; &amp;exist; &amp;forall; &amp;rArr; &amp;hArr;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Plus d'espace que d'habitude, sans saut de ligne : x<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;≥&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;0 est vrai.<br/> Utile pour les formules. | <pre>;x<sup>2</sup>&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;ge;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;0 </pre> |----- | ASCII art (Commencer chaque ligne par un blanc) :<br/> ∞ -x<sup>2</sup> ∫ e dx = √π -∞ Malgré tout, la racine carrée est très moche. | <pre> &amp;infin; -x<sup>2</sup> &amp;int; e dx = &amp;radic;&amp;pi; -&amp;infin;</pre> |----- | Formules mathématiques compliquées :<br/> &nbsp;&nbsp;<math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}</math> * Voir [[Wikipédia:Formules TeX]] | <pre><nowiki> <math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}</math> </nowiki></pre> |----- | Suppression de l'interprétation du ''markup'' :<br/> <nowiki>Lien → (<i>vers</i>) la [[Wikipédia:FAQ]]</nowiki> * Est utilisé pour montrer littéralement des données qui autrement auraient une signification spéciale. * Tous les ''markup'' wiki sont ignorés, y compris ceux ressemblant à des tags HTML. * Les caractères HTML spéciaux sont toujours interprétés. | <pre><nowiki><nowiki>Lien → (<i>vers</i>) la [[Wikipédia:FAQ]]</nowiki></nowiki></pre> |} == Tableaux == Le logiciel permet d'utiliser deux syntaxes: # la "Wiki" expliquée dans la sous-page: [[Aide:Syntaxe wikipédia/tableaux]] # "classique" utilisant le [[Hypertext markup language|HTML]] mais dont l'usage est déprécié. {| border="1" |+ Un exemple de tableau |- ! Premier en-tête ! Deuxième en-tête ! Troisième en-tête |- | Haut gauche || Haut milieu || rowspan="2" | Côté droit |- | Bas gauche || Bas milieu |- | colspan="3" align="center" | ligne du bas |} '''Voir également''' [[meta:Wikipedia_DTD]], [[Aide:Guide d'utilisation des tableaux]] et [[Aide:Modèle]] == Commentaire == Attention, les commentaires dans les articles sont '''strictement''' réservés à la maintenance de la page. Les commentaires sur le contenu de l'article sont à mettre dans la page discussion attachée à l'article en question. <nowiki><!-- Note : Cette page est en cours de rédaction, veuillez patienter avant de l'éditer. --></nowiki> == Identification dans les pages de discussion == {| border="1" |----- | Seulement le pseudonyme:<br/> [[Utilisateur:Aoineko|Aoineko]] | <nowiki>~~~ (3 tildes)</nowiki> |----- | Pseudonyme et date:<br/> [[Utilisateur:Aoineko|Aoineko]] 03:17 Nov 8, 2002 (CET) | <nowiki>~~~~ (4 tildes)</nowiki> |----- | Date:<br/> 03:17 Nov 8, 2002 (CET) | <nowiki>~~~~~ (5 tildes)</nowiki> |} == Catégories == Pour la syntaxe propre à l'utilisation des catégories, voir l'article [[Aide:Catégorie]] {{Contribuer}} [[ar:ويكيبيديا:مساعدة التحرير]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Как се редактират страници]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Jak redigovat stránku]] [[da:Wikipedia:Hvordan redigerer jeg en side]] [[de:Wikipedia:Handbuch - Artikel bearbeiten]] [[el:Wikipedia:Πώς να επεξεργαστείτε μια σελίδα]] [[en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Kiel redakti pagxon]] [[es:Wikipedia:Cómo se edita una página]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kuinka_sivuja_muokataan]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Conas a cuirtear leathanach in eagar]] [[he:ויקיפדיה:איך לערוך דף]] [[hu:Wikipédia:Hogyan szerkessz egy lapot]] [[it:Wikipedia:Guida_essenziale]] [[ja:Wikipedia:編集の仕方]] [[minnan:Help:Editing]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cum să editezi o pagină]] [[ru:Как редактировать страницу]] [[simple:Wikipedia:How to edit]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Urejevanje slovenskih strani]] [[sr:Википедија:Како се мења страна]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Hur man redigerar en sida]] [[th:Wikipedia:การแก้ไขหน้า]] [[vi:Help:Sửa đổi]] [[zh-cn:Help:如何编辑页面]] [[zh-tw:Wikipedia:如何編輯頁面]] 2176 2005-01-22T00:28:54Z 80.218.21.70 [[Catégorie:Wikipédia:aide technique|Syntaxe wikipédia]] '''Vous parlez le lingala? Aidez à traduire cette page ou un seul paragraphe. Merci.''' Pour [[FAQ|mettre en forme]] vos articles, [[Wikipédia]] permet d'introduire certains codes&nbsp;; les plus courants sont: {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |''texte en italique'' |<nowiki>''texte en italique''</nowiki> (apostrophes et non guillemets) |- | '''texte en gras''' ||<nowiki>'''texte en gras'''</nowiki> |- |<ul><li>liste</li><li>à</li><li>puce</li></ul> |<nowiki>*</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>à<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>puce |- |<ol><li>liste</li><li>numérotée</li></ol> |<nowiki>#</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>#</nowiki>numérotée |- |<h2>Titre de section</h2> |<nowiki> ==Titre de section== </nowiki> |- |<h3>Titre de sous-section</h3> |<nowiki>===Titre de sous-section===</nowiki> |} Cet article vous présente la ''syntaxe propre à wikipédia''. Il résume sous la forme de tableaux les différentes mises en forme possibles. La colonne de droite indique les codes à saisir, et celle de gauche l'effet obtenu. Vous pouvez effectuer vos tests sur le [[Wikipédia:Bac à sable|Bac à sable]] qui est réservé à cet usage. == Table des matières == Une table des matières est créée automatiquement si l'article comporte plus de 3 titres ou sous-titres (au moins 4). Pour supprimer le sommaire automatique, il suffit de mettre quelque part <nowiki>__NOTOC__</nowiki>. Pour modifier l'emplacement de la table des matières : placer <nowiki>__NOTOC__</nowiki> en haut de la page, puis insérer <nowiki>__TOC__</nowiki> là où vous désirez voir apparaître la table. == Sections, paragraphes, listes et lignes == {| border="1" |----- | Pour les titres : <br/><br/> == Nouvelle section == === Nouvelle sous-section === ==== Nouveau paragraphe ==== Les notations ci-contre sont respectivement équivalentes à l'utilisation des balises html &lt;h2&gt;...&lt;/h2&gt;, &lt;h3&gt;...&lt;/h3&gt; et &lt;h4&gt;...&lt;/h4&gt;. | <tt> <nowiki>== Nouvelle section ==</nowiki><br/> <nowiki>=== Nouvelle sous-section ===</nowiki><br/> <nowiki>==== Nouveau paragraphe ====</nowiki></tt> |----- | Un simple saut à la ligne n'a aucun effet. <br/><br/> Mais une ligne vide permet de séparer les paragraphes. | <pre>Un simple saut à la ligne n'a aucun effet. Mais une ligne vide permet de séparer les paragraphes.</pre> |----- valign="top" | Voilà comment il faut faire<br/> pour aller à la ligne. | <pre>Voilà comment il faut faire<br /> pour aller à la ligne.</pre> |----- | * Les listes sont bien pratiques : ** Elles permettent d'organiser les données ** Elles embellissent le document | <pre>* Les listes sont bien pratiques :</pre> <pre>** Elles permettent d'organiser les données</pre> <pre>** Elles embellissent le document</pre> |----- | # Les listes numérotées sont également bien pratiques # Bien organisées ## Faciles à lire | <pre># Les listes numérotées sont également bien pratiques</pre> <pre># Bien organisées</pre> <pre>## Faciles à lire</pre> |----- | :Les lignes peuvent être ::indentées :::sur plusieurs niveaux | <pre>:Les lignes peuvent être</pre> <pre>::indentées</pre> <pre>:::sur plusieurs niveaux</pre> |----- | Avec tout cela, il est maintenant possible de mélanger les types de listes : *Une liste numérotée : :#Premier élément :#Second élément *d'autres branches à l'arborescence | <pre> *Une liste numérotée : :#Premier élément :#Second élément *d'autres branches à l'arborescence </pre> |----- | ; Listes de définitions : listes contenant des définitions ; Terme à expliquer : explication du terme | <pre>; Listes de définitions : listes contenant des définitions</pre> <pre>; Terme à expliquer : explication du terme</pre> |----- | En utilisant des balises (''tags'') HTML c'est plus beau (mais c'est plus difficile à mémoriser) : <ul> <li>Une liste numérotée : <ol> <li>Premier élément <li>Second élément </ol> <li>d'autres branches à l'arborescence </ul> ''Petit truc mnémotechnique :'' *'' ol = Liste Ordonnée (c'est à dire numérotée - Ordered List en anglais)''&nbsp;; *'' ul = Liste "Unordonnée" (Unordered List en anglais) ou plus prosaïquement liste à puces''&nbsp;; *'' li = élément d'une liste (List Item en anglais). | <pre>&lt;ul&gt;</pre> <pre> &lt;li&gt;Une liste numérotée :</pre> <pre> &lt;ol&gt;</pre> <pre> &lt;li&gt;Premier élément</pre> <pre> &lt;li&gt;Second élément</pre> <pre> &lt;/ol&gt;</pre> <pre> &lt;li&gt;d'autres branches à l'arborescence</pre> <pre>&lt;/ul&gt;</pre> |----- valign="top" | SI (une ligne commence par une espace) ALORS elle apparaîtra exactement telle qu'elle a été saisie&nbsp;; dans une police non proportionnelle&nbsp;; les sauts de ligne ne seront pas automatiques&nbsp;; FIN SI C'est bien utile pour : • copier/coller un texte pré-formaté&nbsp;; • des descriptions d'algorithmes&nbsp;; | <pre> SI (une ligne commence par une espace) ALORS elle apparaîtra exactement telle qu'elle a été saisie; dans une police non proportionnelle; les sauts de ligne ne seront pas automatiques ; FIN SI C'est bien utile pour : &amp;bull; copier/coller un texte pré-formaté ; <br/><br/> &amp;bull; des descriptions d'algorithmes ;</pre> |----- valign="top" | <center>Le texte peut être centré.</center> | <pre>&lt;center&gt;Le texte peut être centré.&lt;/center&gt;</pre> |----- | Une ligne horizontale : au-dessus ---- et en-dessous. | <pre>Une ligne horizontale : au-dessus</pre> <pre>----</pre> <pre>et en-dessous.</pre> |} == Liens, adresses internet et images == {| border="1" |----- | colspan="2" | === Les liens === |----- valign="top" | Lien vers [[Accueil]].<br/> La première lettre apparaît automatiquement en [[majuscule]].<br/> Les espaces sont convertis en 'underscores'.<br/> Pour créer une nouvelle page, créez d'abord un lien vers cette page, puis cliquez sur le lien en rouge qui apparaît. | <pre>Lien vers [[Accueil]].</pre> |----- valign="top" | Le même lien, mais avec un nom différent : [[Accueil|page d'accueil]].<br/> Les liens ne peuvent contenir que des lettres et des espaces ! | <pre>Le même lien, mais avec un nom différent : [[Accueil|page d'accueil]]</pre>; |----- valign="top" | [[La sexualité des mouches dans le Vercors oriental]] est une page qui n'existe pas encore.<br/> Vous pouvez la créer en cliquant simplement sur le lien.<br/> Après l'avoir créée, faites une recherche sur son titre, et assurez-vous que les autres articles y font correctement référence. | <tt><nowiki>[[La sexualité des mouches dans le Vercors oriental]]</nowiki> est une page qui n'existe pas encore.</tt> |----- valign="top" | Pour les pages d'[[Wikipédia:Homonymie|homonymie]], il existe un raccourci pour cacher le domaine :<br/> la planète [[Jupiter (planète)|Jupiter]] | <tt><nowiki>la planète [[Jupiter (planète)|]]</nowiki></tt> |----- valign="top" | Pour référencer les pages utilisateur, il existe un raccourci pour éviter de taper deux fois le nom : [[Utilisateur:Dupont|Dupont]] est équivalent à [[Utilisateur:Dupont|Dupont]] | <tt><nowiki>[[Utilisateur:Dupont|]] est équivalent à [[Utilisateur:Dupont|Dupont]]</nowiki></tt> |----- valign="top" | Lien vers les commentaires associés à cette page ou à une page du domaine Wikipédia : [[Discussion Wikipédia:Comment modifier une page]]<br/> Lien vers une discussion d'une page normale du Wikipédia [[Discuter:Accueil]]<br/> | <tt>Lien vers les commentaires associés à cette page ou a une page du domaine Wikipédia : <nowiki>[[Discussion_Wikipédia:Comment modifier une page]]</nowiki><br/> Lien vers une discussion d'une page normale du Wikipédia <nowiki>[[Discuter:Accueil]]</nowiki></tt><br/> |----- valign="top" | [[Wikipédia:Redirection|Redirection]] d'une page vers une autre en mettant ce texte dans la première ligne. | <pre>#REDIRECT [[France]]</pre> |----- valign="top" | Il existe une notation pour référencer une page sur un Wikipédia dans une autre langue : [[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] <br/><br/> On peut ici aussi utiliser la barre verticale pour afficher un texte différent du titre de l'article pointé : [[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page|Cette page en anglais]] <br/><br/> Attention, ici la barre verticale seule en fin de lien ne permet pas de réduire le texte affiché au strict nécessaire : [[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page|en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] | <tt><nowiki>[[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page]]</nowiki> <br/><br/> <nowiki>[[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page|Cette page en anglais]]</nowiki> <br/><br/> <nowiki>[[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page|]]</nowiki> </tt> |----- valign="top" | Pour référencer un mot sur [[Wiktionary]] : [[wikt:Mot]] <br/><br/> On peut ici aussi utiliser la barre verticale pour afficher un texte différent du titre de l'article pointé : [[wikt:Mot|Mot]] ou directement [[wikt:Mot|Mot]] <br/><br/> On peut aussi référencer un mot sur un wiktionary dans une autre langue: [[wikt:en:Word]] ou [[Wikt:en:Word|Word]] | <tt><nowiki>[[wikt:Mot]]</nowiki> <br/><br/> <nowiki>[[wikt:Mot|Mot]]</nowiki> ou directement <nowiki>[[wikt:Mot|]]</nowiki> <br/><br/> <nowiki>[[wikt:en:Word]]</nowiki> ou <nowiki>[[wikt:en:Word|Word]]</nowiki> </tt> |----- | colspan="2" | === Les liens internes, les ancres === |----- valign="top" | Les ancres : <font id="ancre_1">ancre 1.</font> <font id="ancre_2">ancre 2.</font> Ces deux lignes sont des ancres vers lesquelles des liens internes à cette pages peuvent pointer. Des liens de pages externes aussi, d'ailleurs. | <pre><nowiki><font id="ancre_1">ancre 1.</font> <font id="ancre_2">ancre 2.</font></nowiki></pre> remarquer que la balise <nowiki><font></nowiki> n'est effectivement pas censée avoir d'effet de mise en forme. Elle n'est là que parce qu'il est nécessaire d'utiliser une balise HTML afin d'y placer un paramètre ''id'' qui indique le nom de l'ancre. Ça devrait pouvoir être n'importe quelle balise HTML que le wiki reconnaît. |----- valign="top" | Les liens vers des ancres externes sont des liens normaux qui pointent vers une ancre de la page vers laquelle ils dirigent. [[Wikipédia:Syntaxe wikipédia/Lien ancré#ancre_1|lien]] vers l'ancre 1 externe. [[Wikipédia:Syntaxe wikipédia/Lien ancré#ancre_2|lien]] vers l'ancre 2 externe. Ces deux ancres se trouvent sur la [[Wikipédia:Syntaxe wikipédia/Lien ancré|page d'explication des liens ancrés]]. | <pre><nowiki>[[Wikipédia:Syntaxe wikipédia/Lien ancré#ancre_1|lien]] vers l'ancre 1 externe. [[Wikipédia:Syntaxe wikipédia/Lien ancré#ancre_2|lien]] vers l'ancre 2 externe.</nowiki></pre> On crée un lien normalement, en ajoutant un dièse (#) suivi du nom de l'ancre vers laquelle le lien pointe à la fin du nom de la page pointée. |----- valign="top" | Les liens internes sont des liens normaux qui pointent vers des ancres de la page courante : [[#ancre_1|lien vers l'ancre 1]]. [[#ancre_2|lien vers l'ancre 2]]. | <pre><nowiki>[[#ancre_1|lien vers l'ancre 1]]. [[#ancre_2|lien vers l'ancre 2]].</nowiki></pre> Le nom de la page courante est toutefois implicite. |----- | colspan="2" | === Les adresses internet === |----- valign="top" | Lien externe : [http://www.nupedia.com Nupedia] | <pre>Lien externe : [http://www.nupedia.com Nupedia]</pre> |----- valign="top" | Mais l'adresse internet suffit : http://www.nupedia.com.<br/> (Bien pratique si on veut imprimer la page.) | <pre>Mais l'adresse internet suffit : http://www.nupedia.com.</pre> |----- | Il existe toute une liste de ''préfixes'' utilisables ainsi: <nowiki>[[prefixe:valeur]]</nowiki>.<br/>Une liste complète est disponible sur [[m:Interwiki map]] (en anglais) | Exemple: <nowiki>[[google:Wikipédia]]</nowiki> donne [[google:Wikipédia|ceci]] |----- | colspan="2" | === Les images === |----- valign="top" | '''Insérer une image :''' [[Image:wiki-exemple.png]]<br/> Pour ajouter une image, vous devez d'abord la copier sur le serveur, ce qui suppose de vous connecter comme utilisateur identifié, vous pouvez alors accéder à la page de copie sur le serveur : http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Community_Portal<br/> <br/> Il faut ensuite placer le lien de l'image dans votre article.<br/> NE FAITES PAS de liens externes vers des fichiers se trouvant sur un serveur dont vous ne contrôlez pas le contenu ! Pour l'accessibilité des mal-voyants, il est conseillé d'ajouter le "nom de l'image", ceci permet au lecteur vocal ou à la tablette braille de fournir un descriptif parlant, là où il y a une image. Voir [[Wikipédia:Règles d'utilisation des images]] pour de plus amples informations à ce sujet. | <pre><nowiki>[[Image:wiki-exemple.png]]</nowiki></pre> ou <br/> <pre><nowiki>[[Image:wiki-exemple.png|nom de l'image]]</nowiki></pre> |----- | '''Faire "flotter" une image'''<br/><br/> [[Image:wiki-exemple.png|left]] Quand une image n'occupe pas la largeur de la page, il peut être agréable de la placer à gauche et que le texte s'écrive le long de celle-ci du côté droit.<br/> Pour cela, il vous suffit de recopier le code ci-contre à l'endroit où vous souhaitez voir l'image et de remplacer les parties en italique par le lien vers l'image et par la légende de l'image.<br/><br/> Si vous souhaitez placer l'image du côté droit, remplacer ''left'' par ''right''<br/> | <tt><nowiki>[[</nowiki>Image:<i>nom-image.png</i>|left|<i>Légende</i>]]<br/> Quand une image n'occupe pas la largeur de la page ... </tt> |----- | '''Faire "flotter" plusieurs images'''<br/> [[Image:Icon_no.png|left]][[Image: Icon_yes.png|left]]Plusieurs images qui "flottent" à la suite elles se positionnent les unes à coté des autres. <div style="float:right;padding:15px">[[Image:Icon_no.png]]<br/>[[Image: Icon_yes.png]]</div>Il est possible de forcer l'affichage d'images les unes en dessous des autres. Pour un meilleur rendu, cette astuce est à utiliser avec des images qui font la même largeur (voir ci dessous "Syntaxe étendue pour les images" pour imposer la taille des images). | <nowiki>[[Image:Icon_no.png|left]][[Image:Icon_yes.png|left]]</nowiki> Pour faire flotter un à coté de l'autre. <nowiki><div style="float:right;">[[Image:Icon_no.png]]<br/>[[Image: Icon_yes.png]]</div></nowiki> Pour faire flotter l'un en dessous de l'autre. |----- | colspan="2" | === Syntaxe étendue pour les images === |----- valign="top" | Une syntaxe étendue permet de contrôler la taille et la position des images:<br/> Les options disponibles sont les suivantes (si plusieurs options sont présentes, elles doivent être séparées par un signe <tt>|</tt>; il faut un <tt>|</tt> après la dernière option même si il n'y a pas de légende):<br/> *<tt>thumb</tt> ou <tt>thumbnail</tt> :permet de générer automatiquement une version réduite de l'image, dans un cadre. Par défaut, l'image sera alignée à droite. La légende, si présente, sera placée en dessous de l'image; une "icône loupe" placé à droite permet d'accéder à l'image en grandeur réelle. *<tt>framed</tt> :l'image est placée dans un cadre, comme avec l'option <tt>thumb</tt>, et accepte donc une légende mais n'est disponible que dans sa taille normale et l'"icône loupe" est donc absente. *<tt>right</tt> :permet d'aligner l'image à droite. Peut s'utiliser avec ou sans l'option <tt>thumb</tt>. *<tt>center</tt> :permet de centrer l'image. Peut s'utiliser avec ou sans l'option <tt>thumb</tt>. *<tt>left</tt> :permet d'aligner l'image à gauche. Peut s'utiliser avec ou sans l'option <tt>thumb</tt>. *<tt>none</tt> :permet de supprimer l'alignement par defaut. Cette option est surtout utile pour les images insérées dans un tableau. *<tt>''largeur'' px</tt> :permet de specifier la largeur de la version réduite. L'image affichée gardera le même aspect que l'image grandeur réelle. | <tt><nowiki>[[</nowiki>Image:''nom de l'image''|''options''|''légende'']] |} == Mise en forme des caractères == {| border="1" |----- valign="top" | ''Faire ressortir un mot'', '''un peu plus''', '''''encore plus'''''.<br/> À utiliser également dans les formules : '''F''' = ''m'' '''a'''. | <pre>''Faire ressortir un mot'', '''un peu plus''', '''''encore plus'''''. '''F''' = ''m'' '''a'''.</pre> |----- | <font size="+1" color="red">Polices amusantes</font><br/> Mais <code>== ... ==</code> est plus approprié pour séparer des sections. | <pre>&lt;font size="+2" color="red"&gt;Polices amusantes&lt;/font&gt;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Police machine à écrire pour les <tt>termes techniques</tt>. | <pre>&lt;tt&gt;termes techniques&lt;/tt&gt;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Vous pouvez <strike>barrer</strike> certains mots<br/> et <u>en souligner d'autres...</u>. Pratique ... | <pre>Vous pouvez &lt;strike&gt;barrer&lt;/strike&gt; certains mots et &lt;u&gt;en souligner d'autres...&lt;/u&gt;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Umlauts et accents : (cf [[Aide:Caractères spéciaux]] et [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Special_Characters Wiki special characters] (en anglais)<br/> À Á Â Ã Ä Å Æ <br/> Ç È É Ê Ë Ì Í <br/> Î Ï Ñ Ò Ó Ô Õ Œ<br/> Ö Ø Ù Ú Û Ü ß <br/> à á â ã ä å æ <br/> ç è é ê ë ì í <br/> î ï ñ ò ó ô õ œ<br/> ö ø ù ú û ü ÿ<br/> Note : depuis le passage à l'[[unicode]] on peut aussi parfaitement écrire les caractères spéciaux directement sans aucun souci. | <pre> &amp;Agrave; &amp;Aacute; &amp;Acirc; &amp;Atilde; &amp;Auml; &amp;Aring; &amp;AElig; &amp;Ccedil; &amp;Egrave; &amp;Eacute; &amp;Ecirc; &amp;Euml; &amp;Igrave; &amp;Iacute; &amp;Icirc; &amp;Iuml; &amp;Ntilde; &amp;Ograve; &amp;Oacute; &amp;Ocirc; &amp;Otilde; &amp;OElig; &amp;Ouml; &amp;Oslash; &amp;Ugrave; &amp;Uacute; &amp;Ucirc; &amp;Uuml; &amp;szlig; &amp;agrave; &amp;aacute; &amp;acirc; &amp;atilde; &amp;auml; &amp;aring; &amp;aelig; &amp;ccedil; &amp;egrave; &amp;eacute; &amp;ecirc; &amp;euml; &amp;igrave; &amp;iacute; &amp;icirc; &amp;iuml; &amp;ntilde; &amp;ograve; &amp;oacute; &amp;ocirc; &amp;otilde; &amp;oelig; &amp;ouml; &amp;oslash; &amp;ugrave; &amp;uacute; &amp;ucirc; &amp;uuml; &amp;yuml;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Ponctuations : ¿ ¡ « » § ¶<br/> † ‡ • | <pre>&amp;iquest; &amp;iexcl; &amp;laquo; &amp;raquo; &amp;sect; &amp;para; &amp;dagger; &amp;Dagger; &amp;bull; </pre> |----- valign="top" | Caractères spéciaux : ™ © ® ¢ € ¥ £ ¤ | <pre>&amp;trade; &amp;copy; &amp;reg; &amp;cent; &amp;euro; &amp;yen; &amp;pound; &amp;curren; </pre> |----- valign="top" | Indice (subscript en anglais) : x<sub>2</sub> et<br/> Exposant (superscript en anglais) : x<sup>2</sup> | <pre>Indice : x&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; et Exposant : x&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Caractères grecs : α β γ δ ε ζ η<br/> θ ι κ λ μ ν ξ <br/> π ρ σ ς τ υ φ<br/> χ ψ ω <br/> Γ Δ Θ Λ Ξ Π Σ <br/> Φ Ψ Ω | <pre>&amp;alpha; &amp;beta; &amp;gamma; &amp;delta; &amp;epsilon; &amp;zeta; &amp;eta; &amp;theta; &amp;iota; &amp;kappa; &amp;lambda; &amp;mu; &amp;nu; &amp;xi; &amp;pi; &amp;rho; &amp;sigma; &amp;sigmaf; &amp;tau; &amp;upsilon; &amp;phi; &amp;chi; &amp;psi; &amp;omega; &amp;Gamma; &amp;Delta; &amp;Theta; &amp;Lambda; &amp;Xi; &amp;Pi; &amp;Sigma; &amp;Phi; &amp;Psi; &amp;Omega; </pre> |----- valign="top" | Caractères mathématiques : (cf. [[Wikipedia:Caractères spéciaux]] et [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Special_Characters Wiki special characters] (en anglais)) <br/> ∫ ∑ ∏ √ ± ∞ <br/> ≈ ∝ ≡ ≠ ≤ ≥ → <br/> × · ÷ ∂ ′ ″ ∇ <br/> ‰ ° ∴ ℵ<br/> ø ∈ ∋ ∩ ∪ ⊂ ⊃ ⊆ ⊇<br/> ¬ ∧ ∨ ∃ ∀ ⇒ ⇔ | valign="middle" | <pre>&amp;int; &amp;sum; &amp;prod; &amp;radic; &amp;plusmn; &amp;infin; &amp;asymp; &amp;prop; &amp;equiv; &amp;ne; &amp;le; &amp;ge; &amp;rarr; &amp;times; &amp;middot; &amp;divide; &amp;part; &amp;prime; &amp;Prime; &amp;nabla; &amp;permil; &amp;deg; &amp;there4; &amp;alefsym; &amp;oslash; &amp;isin; &amp;ni; &amp;cap; &amp;cup; &amp;sub; &amp;sup; &amp;sube; &amp;supe; &amp;not; &amp;and; &amp;or; &amp;exist; &amp;forall; &amp;rArr; &amp;hArr;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Plus d'espace que d'habitude, sans saut de ligne : x<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;≥&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;0 est vrai.<br/> Utile pour les formules. | <pre>;x<sup>2</sup>&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;ge;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;0 </pre> |----- | ASCII art (Commencer chaque ligne par un blanc) :<br/> ∞ -x<sup>2</sup> ∫ e dx = √π -∞ Malgré tout, la racine carrée est très moche. | <pre> &amp;infin; -x<sup>2</sup> &amp;int; e dx = &amp;radic;&amp;pi; -&amp;infin;</pre> |----- | Formules mathématiques compliquées :<br/> &nbsp;&nbsp;<math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}</math> * Voir [[Wikipédia:Formules TeX]] | <pre><nowiki> <math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}</math> </nowiki></pre> |----- | Suppression de l'interprétation du ''markup'' :<br/> <nowiki>Lien → (<i>vers</i>) la [[Wikipédia:FAQ]]</nowiki> * Est utilisé pour montrer littéralement des données qui autrement auraient une signification spéciale. * Tous les ''markup'' wiki sont ignorés, y compris ceux ressemblant à des tags HTML. * Les caractères HTML spéciaux sont toujours interprétés. | <pre><nowiki><nowiki>Lien → (<i>vers</i>) la [[Wikipédia:FAQ]]</nowiki></nowiki></pre> |} == Tableaux == Le logiciel permet d'utiliser deux syntaxes: # la "Wiki" expliquée dans la sous-page: [[Aide:Syntaxe wikipédia/tableaux]] # "classique" utilisant le [[Hypertext markup language|HTML]] mais dont l'usage est déprécié. {| border="1" |+ Un exemple de tableau |- ! Premier en-tête ! Deuxième en-tête ! Troisième en-tête |- | Haut gauche || Haut milieu || rowspan="2" | Côté droit |- | Bas gauche || Bas milieu |- | colspan="3" align="center" | ligne du bas |} '''Voir également''' [[meta:Wikipedia_DTD]], [[Aide:Guide d'utilisation des tableaux]] et [[Aide:Modèle]] == Commentaire == Attention, les commentaires dans les articles sont '''strictement''' réservés à la maintenance de la page. Les commentaires sur le contenu de l'article sont à mettre dans la page discussion attachée à l'article en question. <nowiki><!-- Note : Cette page est en cours de rédaction, veuillez patienter avant de l'éditer. --></nowiki> == Identification dans les pages de discussion == {| border="1" |----- | Seulement le pseudonyme:<br/> [[Utilisateur:Aoineko|Aoineko]] | <nowiki>~~~ (3 tildes)</nowiki> |----- | Pseudonyme et date:<br/> [[Utilisateur:Aoineko|Aoineko]] 03:17 Nov 8, 2002 (CET) | <nowiki>~~~~ (4 tildes)</nowiki> |----- | Date:<br/> 03:17 Nov 8, 2002 (CET) | <nowiki>~~~~~ (5 tildes)</nowiki> |} == Catégories == Pour la syntaxe propre à l'utilisation des catégories, voir l'article [[Aide:Catégorie]] {{Contribuer}} [[ar:ويكيبيديا:مساعدة التحرير]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Как се редактират страници]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Jak redigovat stránku]] [[da:Wikipedia:Hvordan redigerer jeg en side]] [[de:Wikipedia:Handbuch - Artikel bearbeiten]] [[el:Wikipedia:Πώς να επεξεργαστείτε μια σελίδα]] [[en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Kiel redakti pagxon]] [[es:Wikipedia:Cómo se edita una página]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kuinka_sivuja_muokataan]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Conas a cuirtear leathanach in eagar]] [[he:ויקיפדיה:איך לערוך דף]] [[hu:Wikipédia:Hogyan szerkessz egy lapot]] [[it:Wikipedia:Guida_essenziale]] [[ja:Wikipedia:編集の仕方]] [[minnan:Help:Editing]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cum să editezi o pagină]] [[ru:Как редактировать страницу]] [[simple:Wikipedia:How to edit]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Urejevanje slovenskih strani]] [[sr:Википедија:Како се мења страна]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Hur man redigerar en sida]] [[th:Wikipedia:การแก้ไขหน้า]] [[vi:Help:Sửa đổi]] [[zh-cn:Help:如何编辑页面]] [[zh-tw:Wikipedia:如何編輯頁面]] 2177 2005-01-22T00:34:29Z 80.218.21.70 [[Catégorie:Wikipédia:aide technique|Syntaxe wikipédia]] '''Vous parlez le lingala? Aidez à traduire cette page ou un seul paragraphe. Merci.''' Pour [[FAQ|mettre en forme]] vos articles, [[Wikipédia]] permet d'introduire certains codes&nbsp;; les plus courants sont: {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |''texte en italique'' |<nowiki>''texte en italique''</nowiki> (apostrophes et non guillemets) |- | '''texte en gras''' ||<nowiki>'''texte en gras'''</nowiki> |- |<ul><li>liste</li><li>à</li><li>puce</li></ul> |<nowiki>*</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>à<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>puce |- |<ol><li>liste</li><li>numérotée</li></ol> |<nowiki>#</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>#</nowiki>numérotée |- |<h2>Titre de section</h2> |<nowiki> ==Titre de section== </nowiki> |- |<h3>Titre de sous-section</h3> |<nowiki>===Titre de sous-section===</nowiki> |} Cet article vous présente la ''syntaxe propre à wikipédia''. Il résume sous la forme de tableaux les différentes mises en forme possibles. La colonne de droite indique les codes à saisir, et celle de gauche l'effet obtenu. Vous pouvez effectuer vos tests sur le [[Wikipédia:Bac à sable|Bac à sable]] qui est réservé à cet usage. == Table des matières == Une table des matières est créée automatiquement si l'article comporte plus de 3 titres ou sous-titres (au moins 4). Pour supprimer le sommaire automatique, il suffit de mettre quelque part <nowiki>__NOTOC__</nowiki>. Pour modifier l'emplacement de la table des matières : placer <nowiki>__NOTOC__</nowiki> en haut de la page, puis insérer <nowiki>__TOC__</nowiki> là où vous désirez voir apparaître la table. == Sections, paragraphes, listes et lignes == {| border="1" |----- | Pour les titres : <br/><br/> == Nouvelle section == === Nouvelle sous-section === ==== Nouveau paragraphe ==== Les notations ci-contre sont respectivement équivalentes à l'utilisation des balises html &lt;h2&gt;...&lt;/h2&gt;, &lt;h3&gt;...&lt;/h3&gt; et &lt;h4&gt;...&lt;/h4&gt;. | <tt> <nowiki>== Nouvelle section ==</nowiki><br/> <nowiki>=== Nouvelle sous-section ===</nowiki><br/> <nowiki>==== Nouveau paragraphe ====</nowiki></tt> |----- | Un simple saut à la ligne n'a aucun effet. <br/><br/> Mais une ligne vide permet de séparer les paragraphes. | <pre>Un simple saut à la ligne n'a aucun effet. Mais une ligne vide permet de séparer les paragraphes.</pre> |----- valign="top" | Voilà comment il faut faire<br/> pour aller à la ligne. | <pre>Voilà comment il faut faire<br /> pour aller à la ligne.</pre> |----- | * Les listes sont bien pratiques : ** Elles permettent d'organiser les données ** Elles embellissent le document | <pre>* Les listes sont bien pratiques :</pre> <pre>** Elles permettent d'organiser les données</pre> <pre>** Elles embellissent le document</pre> |----- | # Les listes numérotées sont également bien pratiques # Bien organisées ## Faciles à lire | <pre># Les listes numérotées sont également bien pratiques</pre> <pre># Bien organisées</pre> <pre>## Faciles à lire</pre> |----- | :Les lignes peuvent être ::indentées :::sur plusieurs niveaux | <pre>:Les lignes peuvent être</pre> <pre>::indentées</pre> <pre>:::sur plusieurs niveaux</pre> |----- | Avec tout cela, il est maintenant possible de mélanger les types de listes : *Une liste numérotée : :#Premier élément :#Second élément *d'autres branches à l'arborescence | <pre> *Une liste numérotée : :#Premier élément :#Second élément *d'autres branches à l'arborescence </pre> |----- | ; Listes de définitions : listes contenant des définitions ; Terme à expliquer : explication du terme | <pre>; Listes de définitions : listes contenant des définitions</pre> <pre>; Terme à expliquer : explication du terme</pre> |----- | En utilisant des balises (''tags'') HTML c'est plus beau (mais c'est plus difficile à mémoriser) : <ul> <li>Une liste numérotée : <ol> <li>Premier élément <li>Second élément </ol> <li>d'autres branches à l'arborescence </ul> ''Petit truc mnémotechnique :'' *'' ol = Liste Ordonnée (c'est à dire numérotée - Ordered List en anglais)''&nbsp;; *'' ul = Liste "Unordonnée" (Unordered List en anglais) ou plus prosaïquement liste à puces''&nbsp;; *'' li = élément d'une liste (List Item en anglais). | <pre>&lt;ul&gt;</pre> <pre> &lt;li&gt;Une liste numérotée :</pre> <pre> &lt;ol&gt;</pre> <pre> &lt;li&gt;Premier élément</pre> <pre> &lt;li&gt;Second élément</pre> <pre> &lt;/ol&gt;</pre> <pre> &lt;li&gt;d'autres branches à l'arborescence</pre> <pre>&lt;/ul&gt;</pre> |----- valign="top" | SI (une ligne commence par une espace) ALORS elle apparaîtra exactement telle qu'elle a été saisie&nbsp;; dans une police non proportionnelle&nbsp;; les sauts de ligne ne seront pas automatiques&nbsp;; FIN SI C'est bien utile pour : • copier/coller un texte pré-formaté&nbsp;; • des descriptions d'algorithmes&nbsp;; | <pre> SI (une ligne commence par une espace) ALORS elle apparaîtra exactement telle qu'elle a été saisie; dans une police non proportionnelle; les sauts de ligne ne seront pas automatiques ; FIN SI C'est bien utile pour : &amp;bull; copier/coller un texte pré-formaté ; <br/><br/> &amp;bull; des descriptions d'algorithmes ;</pre> |----- valign="top" | <center>Le texte peut être centré.</center> | <pre>&lt;center&gt;Le texte peut être centré.&lt;/center&gt;</pre> |----- | Une ligne horizontale : au-dessus ---- et en-dessous. | <pre>Une ligne horizontale : au-dessus</pre> <pre>----</pre> <pre>et en-dessous.</pre> |} == Liens, adresses internet et images == {| border="1" |----- | colspan="2" | === Les liens === |----- valign="top" | Lien vers [[Accueil]].<br/> La première lettre apparaît automatiquement en [[majuscule]].<br/> Les espaces sont convertis en 'underscores'.<br/> Pour créer une nouvelle page, créez d'abord un lien vers cette page, puis cliquez sur le lien en rouge qui apparaît. | <pre>Lien vers [[Accueil]].</pre> |----- valign="top" | Le même lien, mais avec un nom différent : [[Accueil|page d'accueil]].<br/> Les liens ne peuvent contenir que des lettres et des espaces ! | <pre>Le même lien, mais avec un nom différent : [[Accueil|page d'accueil]]</pre>; |----- valign="top" | [[La sexualité des mouches dans le Vercors oriental]] est une page qui n'existe pas encore.<br/> Vous pouvez la créer en cliquant simplement sur le lien.<br/> Après l'avoir créée, faites une recherche sur son titre, et assurez-vous que les autres articles y font correctement référence. | <tt><nowiki>[[La sexualité des mouches dans le Vercors oriental]]</nowiki> est une page qui n'existe pas encore.</tt> |----- valign="top" | Pour les pages d'[[Wikipédia:Homonymie|homonymie]], il existe un raccourci pour cacher le domaine :<br/> la planète [[Jupiter (planète)|Jupiter]] | <tt><nowiki>la planète [[Jupiter (planète)|]]</nowiki></tt> |----- valign="top" | Pour référencer les pages utilisateur, il existe un raccourci pour éviter de taper deux fois le nom : [[Utilisateur:Dupont|Dupont]] est équivalent à [[Utilisateur:Dupont|Dupont]] | <tt><nowiki>[[Utilisateur:Dupont|]] est équivalent à [[Utilisateur:Dupont|Dupont]]</nowiki></tt> |----- valign="top" | Lien vers les commentaires associés à cette page ou à une page du domaine Wikipédia : [[Discussion Wikipédia:Comment modifier une page]]<br/> Lien vers une discussion d'une page normale du Wikipédia [[Discuter:Accueil]]<br/> | <tt>Lien vers les commentaires associés à cette page ou a une page du domaine Wikipédia : <nowiki>[[Discussion_Wikipédia:Comment modifier une page]]</nowiki><br/> Lien vers une discussion d'une page normale du Wikipédia <nowiki>[[Discuter:Accueil]]</nowiki></tt><br/> |----- valign="top" | [[Wikipédia:Redirection|Redirection]] d'une page vers une autre en mettant ce texte dans la première ligne. | <pre>#REDIRECT [[France]]</pre> |----- valign="top" | Il existe une notation pour référencer une page sur un Wikipédia dans une autre langue : [[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] <br/><br/> On peut ici aussi utiliser la barre verticale pour afficher un texte différent du titre de l'article pointé : [[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page|Cette page en anglais]] <br/><br/> Attention, ici la barre verticale seule en fin de lien ne permet pas de réduire le texte affiché au strict nécessaire : [[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page|en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] | <tt><nowiki>[[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page]]</nowiki> <br/><br/> <nowiki>[[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page|Cette page en anglais]]</nowiki> <br/><br/> <nowiki>[[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page|]]</nowiki> </tt> |----- valign="top" | Pour référencer un mot sur [[Wiktionary]] : [[wikt:Mot]] <br/><br/> On peut ici aussi utiliser la barre verticale pour afficher un texte différent du titre de l'article pointé : [[wikt:Mot|Mot]] ou directement [[wikt:Mot|Mot]] <br/><br/> On peut aussi référencer un mot sur un wiktionary dans une autre langue: [[wikt:en:Word]] ou [[Wikt:en:Word|Word]] | <tt><nowiki>[[wikt:Mot]]</nowiki> <br/><br/> <nowiki>[[wikt:Mot|Mot]]</nowiki> ou directement <nowiki>[[wikt:Mot|]]</nowiki> <br/><br/> <nowiki>[[wikt:en:Word]]</nowiki> ou <nowiki>[[wikt:en:Word|Word]]</nowiki> </tt> |----- | colspan="2" | === Les liens internes, les ancres === |----- valign="top" | Les ancres : <font id="ancre_1">ancre 1.</font> <font id="ancre_2">ancre 2.</font> Ces deux lignes sont des ancres vers lesquelles des liens internes à cette pages peuvent pointer. Des liens de pages externes aussi, d'ailleurs. | <pre><nowiki><font id="ancre_1">ancre 1.</font> <font id="ancre_2">ancre 2.</font></nowiki></pre> remarquer que la balise <nowiki><font></nowiki> n'est effectivement pas censée avoir d'effet de mise en forme. Elle n'est là que parce qu'il est nécessaire d'utiliser une balise HTML afin d'y placer un paramètre ''id'' qui indique le nom de l'ancre. Ça devrait pouvoir être n'importe quelle balise HTML que le wiki reconnaît. |----- valign="top" | Les liens vers des ancres externes sont des liens normaux qui pointent vers une ancre de la page vers laquelle ils dirigent. [[Wikipédia:Syntaxe wikipédia/Lien ancré#ancre_1|lien]] vers l'ancre 1 externe. [[Wikipédia:Syntaxe wikipédia/Lien ancré#ancre_2|lien]] vers l'ancre 2 externe. Ces deux ancres se trouvent sur la [[Wikipédia:Syntaxe wikipédia/Lien ancré|page d'explication des liens ancrés]]. | <pre><nowiki>[[Wikipédia:Syntaxe wikipédia/Lien ancré#ancre_1|lien]] vers l'ancre 1 externe. [[Wikipédia:Syntaxe wikipédia/Lien ancré#ancre_2|lien]] vers l'ancre 2 externe.</nowiki></pre> On crée un lien normalement, en ajoutant un dièse (#) suivi du nom de l'ancre vers laquelle le lien pointe à la fin du nom de la page pointée. |----- valign="top" | Les liens internes sont des liens normaux qui pointent vers des ancres de la page courante : [[#ancre_1|lien vers l'ancre 1]]. [[#ancre_2|lien vers l'ancre 2]]. | <pre><nowiki>[[#ancre_1|lien vers l'ancre 1]]. [[#ancre_2|lien vers l'ancre 2]].</nowiki></pre> Le nom de la page courante est toutefois implicite. |----- | colspan="2" | === Les adresses internet === |----- valign="top" | Lien externe : [http://www.nupedia.com Nupedia] | <pre>Lien externe : [http://www.nupedia.com Nupedia]</pre> |----- valign="top" | Mais l'adresse internet suffit : http://www.nupedia.com.<br/> (Bien pratique si on veut imprimer la page.) | <pre>Mais l'adresse internet suffit : http://www.nupedia.com.</pre> |----- | Il existe toute une liste de ''préfixes'' utilisables ainsi: <nowiki>[[prefixe:valeur]]</nowiki>.<br/>Une liste complète est disponible sur [[m:Interwiki map]] (en anglais) | Exemple: <nowiki>[[google:Wikipédia]]</nowiki> donne [[google:Wikipédia|ceci]] |----- | colspan="2" | === Les images === |----- valign="top" | '''Insérer une image :''' [[Image:wiki-exemple.png]]<br/> Pour ajouter une image, vous devez d'abord la copier sur le serveur, ce qui suppose de vous connecter comme utilisateur identifié, vous pouvez alors accéder à la page de copie sur le serveur : http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Premiers_pas<br/> <br/> Il faut ensuite placer le lien de l'image dans votre article.<br/> NE FAITES PAS de liens externes vers des fichiers se trouvant sur un serveur dont vous ne contrôlez pas le contenu ! Pour l'accessibilité des mal-voyants, il est conseillé d'ajouter le "nom de l'image", ceci permet au lecteur vocal ou à la tablette braille de fournir un descriptif parlant, là où il y a une image. Voir [[Wikipédia:Règles d'utilisation des images]] pour de plus amples informations à ce sujet. | <pre><nowiki>[[Image:wiki-exemple.png]]</nowiki></pre> ou <br/> <pre><nowiki>[[Image:wiki-exemple.png|nom de l'image]]</nowiki></pre> |----- | '''Faire "flotter" une image'''<br/><br/> [[Image:wiki-exemple.png|left]] Quand une image n'occupe pas la largeur de la page, il peut être agréable de la placer à gauche et que le texte s'écrive le long de celle-ci du côté droit.<br/> Pour cela, il vous suffit de recopier le code ci-contre à l'endroit où vous souhaitez voir l'image et de remplacer les parties en italique par le lien vers l'image et par la légende de l'image.<br/><br/> Si vous souhaitez placer l'image du côté droit, remplacer ''left'' par ''right''<br/> | <tt><nowiki>[[</nowiki>Image:<i>nom-image.png</i>|left|<i>Légende</i>]]<br/> Quand une image n'occupe pas la largeur de la page ... </tt> |----- | '''Faire "flotter" plusieurs images'''<br/> [[Image:Icon_no.png|left]][[Image: Icon_yes.png|left]]Plusieurs images qui "flottent" à la suite elles se positionnent les unes à coté des autres. <div style="float:right;padding:15px">[[Image:Icon_no.png]]<br/>[[Image: Icon_yes.png]]</div>Il est possible de forcer l'affichage d'images les unes en dessous des autres. Pour un meilleur rendu, cette astuce est à utiliser avec des images qui font la même largeur (voir ci dessous "Syntaxe étendue pour les images" pour imposer la taille des images). | <nowiki>[[Image:Icon_no.png|left]][[Image:Icon_yes.png|left]]</nowiki> Pour faire flotter un à coté de l'autre. <nowiki><div style="float:right;">[[Image:Icon_no.png]]<br/>[[Image: Icon_yes.png]]</div></nowiki> Pour faire flotter l'un en dessous de l'autre. |----- | colspan="2" | === Syntaxe étendue pour les images === |----- valign="top" | Une syntaxe étendue permet de contrôler la taille et la position des images:<br/> Les options disponibles sont les suivantes (si plusieurs options sont présentes, elles doivent être séparées par un signe <tt>|</tt>; il faut un <tt>|</tt> après la dernière option même si il n'y a pas de légende):<br/> *<tt>thumb</tt> ou <tt>thumbnail</tt> :permet de générer automatiquement une version réduite de l'image, dans un cadre. Par défaut, l'image sera alignée à droite. La légende, si présente, sera placée en dessous de l'image; une "icône loupe" placé à droite permet d'accéder à l'image en grandeur réelle. *<tt>framed</tt> :l'image est placée dans un cadre, comme avec l'option <tt>thumb</tt>, et accepte donc une légende mais n'est disponible que dans sa taille normale et l'"icône loupe" est donc absente. *<tt>right</tt> :permet d'aligner l'image à droite. Peut s'utiliser avec ou sans l'option <tt>thumb</tt>. *<tt>center</tt> :permet de centrer l'image. Peut s'utiliser avec ou sans l'option <tt>thumb</tt>. *<tt>left</tt> :permet d'aligner l'image à gauche. Peut s'utiliser avec ou sans l'option <tt>thumb</tt>. *<tt>none</tt> :permet de supprimer l'alignement par defaut. Cette option est surtout utile pour les images insérées dans un tableau. *<tt>''largeur'' px</tt> :permet de specifier la largeur de la version réduite. L'image affichée gardera le même aspect que l'image grandeur réelle. | <tt><nowiki>[[</nowiki>Image:''nom de l'image''|''options''|''légende'']] |} == Mise en forme des caractères == {| border="1" |----- valign="top" | ''Faire ressortir un mot'', '''un peu plus''', '''''encore plus'''''.<br/> À utiliser également dans les formules : '''F''' = ''m'' '''a'''. | <pre>''Faire ressortir un mot'', '''un peu plus''', '''''encore plus'''''. '''F''' = ''m'' '''a'''.</pre> |----- | <font size="+1" color="red">Polices amusantes</font><br/> Mais <code>== ... ==</code> est plus approprié pour séparer des sections. | <pre>&lt;font size="+2" color="red"&gt;Polices amusantes&lt;/font&gt;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Police machine à écrire pour les <tt>termes techniques</tt>. | <pre>&lt;tt&gt;termes techniques&lt;/tt&gt;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Vous pouvez <strike>barrer</strike> certains mots<br/> et <u>en souligner d'autres...</u>. Pratique ... | <pre>Vous pouvez &lt;strike&gt;barrer&lt;/strike&gt; certains mots et &lt;u&gt;en souligner d'autres...&lt;/u&gt;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Umlauts et accents : (cf [[Aide:Caractères spéciaux]] et [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Special_Characters Wiki special characters] (en anglais)<br/> À Á Â Ã Ä Å Æ <br/> Ç È É Ê Ë Ì Í <br/> Î Ï Ñ Ò Ó Ô Õ Œ<br/> Ö Ø Ù Ú Û Ü ß <br/> à á â ã ä å æ <br/> ç è é ê ë ì í <br/> î ï ñ ò ó ô õ œ<br/> ö ø ù ú û ü ÿ<br/> Note : depuis le passage à l'[[unicode]] on peut aussi parfaitement écrire les caractères spéciaux directement sans aucun souci. | <pre> &amp;Agrave; &amp;Aacute; &amp;Acirc; &amp;Atilde; &amp;Auml; &amp;Aring; &amp;AElig; &amp;Ccedil; &amp;Egrave; &amp;Eacute; &amp;Ecirc; &amp;Euml; &amp;Igrave; &amp;Iacute; &amp;Icirc; &amp;Iuml; &amp;Ntilde; &amp;Ograve; &amp;Oacute; &amp;Ocirc; &amp;Otilde; &amp;OElig; &amp;Ouml; &amp;Oslash; &amp;Ugrave; &amp;Uacute; &amp;Ucirc; &amp;Uuml; &amp;szlig; &amp;agrave; &amp;aacute; &amp;acirc; &amp;atilde; &amp;auml; &amp;aring; &amp;aelig; &amp;ccedil; &amp;egrave; &amp;eacute; &amp;ecirc; &amp;euml; &amp;igrave; &amp;iacute; &amp;icirc; &amp;iuml; &amp;ntilde; &amp;ograve; &amp;oacute; &amp;ocirc; &amp;otilde; &amp;oelig; &amp;ouml; &amp;oslash; &amp;ugrave; &amp;uacute; &amp;ucirc; &amp;uuml; &amp;yuml;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Ponctuations : ¿ ¡ « » § ¶<br/> † ‡ • | <pre>&amp;iquest; &amp;iexcl; &amp;laquo; &amp;raquo; &amp;sect; &amp;para; &amp;dagger; &amp;Dagger; &amp;bull; </pre> |----- valign="top" | Caractères spéciaux : ™ © ® ¢ € ¥ £ ¤ | <pre>&amp;trade; &amp;copy; &amp;reg; &amp;cent; &amp;euro; &amp;yen; &amp;pound; &amp;curren; </pre> |----- valign="top" | Indice (subscript en anglais) : x<sub>2</sub> et<br/> Exposant (superscript en anglais) : x<sup>2</sup> | <pre>Indice : x&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; et Exposant : x&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Caractères grecs : α β γ δ ε ζ η<br/> θ ι κ λ μ ν ξ <br/> π ρ σ ς τ υ φ<br/> χ ψ ω <br/> Γ Δ Θ Λ Ξ Π Σ <br/> Φ Ψ Ω | <pre>&amp;alpha; &amp;beta; &amp;gamma; &amp;delta; &amp;epsilon; &amp;zeta; &amp;eta; &amp;theta; &amp;iota; &amp;kappa; &amp;lambda; &amp;mu; &amp;nu; &amp;xi; &amp;pi; &amp;rho; &amp;sigma; &amp;sigmaf; &amp;tau; &amp;upsilon; &amp;phi; &amp;chi; &amp;psi; &amp;omega; &amp;Gamma; &amp;Delta; &amp;Theta; &amp;Lambda; &amp;Xi; &amp;Pi; &amp;Sigma; &amp;Phi; &amp;Psi; &amp;Omega; </pre> |----- valign="top" | Caractères mathématiques : (cf. [[Wikipedia:Caractères spéciaux]] et [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Special_Characters Wiki special characters] (en anglais)) <br/> ∫ ∑ ∏ √ ± ∞ <br/> ≈ ∝ ≡ ≠ ≤ ≥ → <br/> × · ÷ ∂ ′ ″ ∇ <br/> ‰ ° ∴ ℵ<br/> ø ∈ ∋ ∩ ∪ ⊂ ⊃ ⊆ ⊇<br/> ¬ ∧ ∨ ∃ ∀ ⇒ ⇔ | valign="middle" | <pre>&amp;int; &amp;sum; &amp;prod; &amp;radic; &amp;plusmn; &amp;infin; &amp;asymp; &amp;prop; &amp;equiv; &amp;ne; &amp;le; &amp;ge; &amp;rarr; &amp;times; &amp;middot; &amp;divide; &amp;part; &amp;prime; &amp;Prime; &amp;nabla; &amp;permil; &amp;deg; &amp;there4; &amp;alefsym; &amp;oslash; &amp;isin; &amp;ni; &amp;cap; &amp;cup; &amp;sub; &amp;sup; &amp;sube; &amp;supe; &amp;not; &amp;and; &amp;or; &amp;exist; &amp;forall; &amp;rArr; &amp;hArr;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Plus d'espace que d'habitude, sans saut de ligne : x<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;≥&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;0 est vrai.<br/> Utile pour les formules. | <pre>;x<sup>2</sup>&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;ge;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;0 </pre> |----- | ASCII art (Commencer chaque ligne par un blanc) :<br/> ∞ -x<sup>2</sup> ∫ e dx = √π -∞ Malgré tout, la racine carrée est très moche. | <pre> &amp;infin; -x<sup>2</sup> &amp;int; e dx = &amp;radic;&amp;pi; -&amp;infin;</pre> |----- | Formules mathématiques compliquées :<br/> &nbsp;&nbsp;<math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}</math> * Voir [[Wikipédia:Formules TeX]] | <pre><nowiki> <math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}</math> </nowiki></pre> |----- | Suppression de l'interprétation du ''markup'' :<br/> <nowiki>Lien → (<i>vers</i>) la [[Wikipédia:FAQ]]</nowiki> * Est utilisé pour montrer littéralement des données qui autrement auraient une signification spéciale. * Tous les ''markup'' wiki sont ignorés, y compris ceux ressemblant à des tags HTML. * Les caractères HTML spéciaux sont toujours interprétés. | <pre><nowiki><nowiki>Lien → (<i>vers</i>) la [[Wikipédia:FAQ]]</nowiki></nowiki></pre> |} == Tableaux == Le logiciel permet d'utiliser deux syntaxes: # la "Wiki" expliquée dans la sous-page: [[Aide:Syntaxe wikipédia/tableaux]] # "classique" utilisant le [[Hypertext markup language|HTML]] mais dont l'usage est déprécié. {| border="1" |+ Un exemple de tableau |- ! Premier en-tête ! Deuxième en-tête ! Troisième en-tête |- | Haut gauche || Haut milieu || rowspan="2" | Côté droit |- | Bas gauche || Bas milieu |- | colspan="3" align="center" | ligne du bas |} '''Voir également''' [[meta:Wikipedia_DTD]], [[Aide:Guide d'utilisation des tableaux]] et [[Aide:Modèle]] == Commentaire == Attention, les commentaires dans les articles sont '''strictement''' réservés à la maintenance de la page. Les commentaires sur le contenu de l'article sont à mettre dans la page discussion attachée à l'article en question. <nowiki><!-- Note : Cette page est en cours de rédaction, veuillez patienter avant de l'éditer. --></nowiki> == Identification dans les pages de discussion == {| border="1" |----- | Seulement le pseudonyme:<br/> [[Utilisateur:Aoineko|Aoineko]] | <nowiki>~~~ (3 tildes)</nowiki> |----- | Pseudonyme et date:<br/> [[Utilisateur:Aoineko|Aoineko]] 03:17 Nov 8, 2002 (CET) | <nowiki>~~~~ (4 tildes)</nowiki> |----- | Date:<br/> 03:17 Nov 8, 2002 (CET) | <nowiki>~~~~~ (5 tildes)</nowiki> |} == Catégories == Pour la syntaxe propre à l'utilisation des catégories, voir l'article [[Aide:Catégorie]] {{Contribuer}} [[ar:ويكيبيديا:مساعدة التحرير]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Как се редактират страници]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Jak redigovat stránku]] [[da:Wikipedia:Hvordan redigerer jeg en side]] [[de:Wikipedia:Handbuch - Artikel bearbeiten]] [[el:Wikipedia:Πώς να επεξεργαστείτε μια σελίδα]] [[en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Kiel redakti pagxon]] [[es:Wikipedia:Cómo se edita una página]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kuinka_sivuja_muokataan]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Conas a cuirtear leathanach in eagar]] [[he:ויקיפדיה:איך לערוך דף]] [[hu:Wikipédia:Hogyan szerkessz egy lapot]] [[it:Wikipedia:Guida_essenziale]] [[ja:Wikipedia:編集の仕方]] [[minnan:Help:Editing]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cum să editezi o pagină]] [[ru:Как редактировать страницу]] [[simple:Wikipedia:How to edit]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Urejevanje slovenskih strani]] [[sr:Википедија:Како се мења страна]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Hur man redigerar en sida]] [[th:Wikipedia:การแก้ไขหน้า]] [[vi:Help:Sửa đổi]] [[zh-cn:Help:如何编辑页面]] [[zh-tw:Wikipedia:如何編輯頁面]] 2236 2005-01-22T00:40:30Z 80.218.21.70 [[Catégorie:Wikipédia:aide technique|Syntaxe wikipédia]] '''Vous parlez le lingala? Aidez à traduire cette page ou un seul paragraphe. Merci.''' Pour [[FAQ|mettre en forme]] vos articles, [[Wikipédia]] permet d'introduire certains codes&nbsp;; les plus courants sont: {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |''texte en italique'' |<nowiki>''texte en italique''</nowiki> (apostrophes et non guillemets) |- | '''texte en gras''' ||<nowiki>'''texte en gras'''</nowiki> |- |<ul><li>liste</li><li>à</li><li>puce</li></ul> |<nowiki>*</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>à<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>puce |- |<ol><li>liste</li><li>numérotée</li></ol> |<nowiki>#</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>#</nowiki>numérotée |- |<h2>Titre de section</h2> |<nowiki> ==Titre de section== </nowiki> |- |<h3>Titre de sous-section</h3> |<nowiki>===Titre de sous-section===</nowiki> |} Cet article vous présente la ''syntaxe propre à wikipédia''. Il résume sous la forme de tableaux les différentes mises en forme possibles. La colonne de droite indique les codes à saisir, et celle de gauche l'effet obtenu. Vous pouvez effectuer vos tests sur le [[Wikipédia:Bac à sable|Bac à sable]] qui est réservé à cet usage. == Table des matières == Une table des matières est créée automatiquement si l'article comporte plus de 3 titres ou sous-titres (au moins 4). Pour supprimer le sommaire automatique, il suffit de mettre quelque part <nowiki>__NOTOC__</nowiki>. Pour modifier l'emplacement de la table des matières : placer <nowiki>__NOTOC__</nowiki> en haut de la page, puis insérer <nowiki>__TOC__</nowiki> là où vous désirez voir apparaître la table. == Sections, paragraphes, listes et lignes == {| border="1" |----- | Pour les titres : <br/><br/> == Nouvelle section == === Nouvelle sous-section === ==== Nouveau paragraphe ==== Les notations ci-contre sont respectivement équivalentes à l'utilisation des balises html &lt;h2&gt;...&lt;/h2&gt;, &lt;h3&gt;...&lt;/h3&gt; et &lt;h4&gt;...&lt;/h4&gt;. | <tt> <nowiki>== Nouvelle section ==</nowiki><br/> <nowiki>=== Nouvelle sous-section ===</nowiki><br/> <nowiki>==== Nouveau paragraphe ====</nowiki></tt> |----- | Un simple saut à la ligne n'a aucun effet. <br/><br/> Mais une ligne vide permet de séparer les paragraphes. | <pre>Un simple saut à la ligne n'a aucun effet. Mais une ligne vide permet de séparer les paragraphes.</pre> |----- valign="top" | Voilà comment il faut faire<br/> pour aller à la ligne. | <pre>Voilà comment il faut faire<br /> pour aller à la ligne.</pre> |----- | * Les listes sont bien pratiques : ** Elles permettent d'organiser les données ** Elles embellissent le document | <pre>* Les listes sont bien pratiques :</pre> <pre>** Elles permettent d'organiser les données</pre> <pre>** Elles embellissent le document</pre> |----- | # Les listes numérotées sont également bien pratiques # Bien organisées ## Faciles à lire | <pre># Les listes numérotées sont également bien pratiques</pre> <pre># Bien organisées</pre> <pre>## Faciles à lire</pre> |----- | :Les lignes peuvent être ::indentées :::sur plusieurs niveaux | <pre>:Les lignes peuvent être</pre> <pre>::indentées</pre> <pre>:::sur plusieurs niveaux</pre> |----- | Avec tout cela, il est maintenant possible de mélanger les types de listes : *Une liste numérotée : :#Premier élément :#Second élément *d'autres branches à l'arborescence | <pre> *Une liste numérotée : :#Premier élément :#Second élément *d'autres branches à l'arborescence </pre> |----- | ; Listes de définitions : listes contenant des définitions ; Terme à expliquer : explication du terme | <pre>; Listes de définitions : listes contenant des définitions</pre> <pre>; Terme à expliquer : explication du terme</pre> |----- | En utilisant des balises (''tags'') HTML c'est plus beau (mais c'est plus difficile à mémoriser) : <ul> <li>Une liste numérotée : <ol> <li>Premier élément <li>Second élément </ol> <li>d'autres branches à l'arborescence </ul> ''Petit truc mnémotechnique :'' *'' ol = Liste Ordonnée (c'est à dire numérotée - Ordered List en anglais)''&nbsp;; *'' ul = Liste "Unordonnée" (Unordered List en anglais) ou plus prosaïquement liste à puces''&nbsp;; *'' li = élément d'une liste (List Item en anglais). | <pre>&lt;ul&gt;</pre> <pre> &lt;li&gt;Une liste numérotée :</pre> <pre> &lt;ol&gt;</pre> <pre> &lt;li&gt;Premier élément</pre> <pre> &lt;li&gt;Second élément</pre> <pre> &lt;/ol&gt;</pre> <pre> &lt;li&gt;d'autres branches à l'arborescence</pre> <pre>&lt;/ul&gt;</pre> |----- valign="top" | SI (une ligne commence par une espace) ALORS elle apparaîtra exactement telle qu'elle a été saisie&nbsp;; dans une police non proportionnelle&nbsp;; les sauts de ligne ne seront pas automatiques&nbsp;; FIN SI C'est bien utile pour : • copier/coller un texte pré-formaté&nbsp;; • des descriptions d'algorithmes&nbsp;; | <pre> SI (une ligne commence par une espace) ALORS elle apparaîtra exactement telle qu'elle a été saisie; dans une police non proportionnelle; les sauts de ligne ne seront pas automatiques ; FIN SI C'est bien utile pour : &amp;bull; copier/coller un texte pré-formaté ; <br/><br/> &amp;bull; des descriptions d'algorithmes ;</pre> |----- valign="top" | <center>Le texte peut être centré.</center> | <pre>&lt;center&gt;Le texte peut être centré.&lt;/center&gt;</pre> |----- | Une ligne horizontale : au-dessus ---- et en-dessous. | <pre>Une ligne horizontale : au-dessus</pre> <pre>----</pre> <pre>et en-dessous.</pre> |} == Liens, adresses internet et images == {| border="1" |----- | colspan="2" | === Les liens === |----- valign="top" | Lien vers [[Accueil]].<br/> La première lettre apparaît automatiquement en [[majuscule]].<br/> Les espaces sont convertis en 'underscores'.<br/> Pour créer une nouvelle page, créez d'abord un lien vers cette page, puis cliquez sur le lien en rouge qui apparaît. | <pre>Lien vers [[Accueil]].</pre> |----- valign="top" | Le même lien, mais avec un nom différent : [[Accueil|page d'accueil]].<br/> Les liens ne peuvent contenir que des lettres et des espaces ! | <pre>Le même lien, mais avec un nom différent : [[Accueil|page d'accueil]]</pre>; |----- valign="top" | [[La sexualité des mouches dans le Vercors oriental]] est une page qui n'existe pas encore.<br/> Vous pouvez la créer en cliquant simplement sur le lien.<br/> Après l'avoir créée, faites une recherche sur son titre, et assurez-vous que les autres articles y font correctement référence. | <tt><nowiki>[[La sexualité des mouches dans le Vercors oriental]]</nowiki> est une page qui n'existe pas encore.</tt> |----- valign="top" | Pour les pages d'[[Wikipédia:Homonymie|homonymie]], il existe un raccourci pour cacher le domaine :<br/> la planète [[Jupiter (planète)|Jupiter]] | <tt><nowiki>la planète [[Jupiter (planète)|]]</nowiki></tt> |----- valign="top" | Pour référencer les pages utilisateur, il existe un raccourci pour éviter de taper deux fois le nom : [[Utilisateur:Dupont|Dupont]] est équivalent à [[Utilisateur:Dupont|Dupont]] | <tt><nowiki>[[Utilisateur:Dupont|]] est équivalent à [[Utilisateur:Dupont|Dupont]]</nowiki></tt> |----- valign="top" | Lien vers les commentaires associés à cette page ou à une page du domaine Wikipédia : [[Discussion Wikipédia:Comment modifier une page]]<br/> Lien vers une discussion d'une page normale du Wikipédia [[Discuter:Accueil]]<br/> | <tt>Lien vers les commentaires associés à cette page ou a une page du domaine Wikipédia : <nowiki>[[Discussion_Wikipédia:Comment modifier une page]]</nowiki><br/> Lien vers une discussion d'une page normale du Wikipédia <nowiki>[[Discuter:Accueil]]</nowiki></tt><br/> |----- valign="top" | [[Wikipédia:Redirection|Redirection]] d'une page vers une autre en mettant ce texte dans la première ligne. | <pre>#REDIRECT [[France]]</pre> |----- valign="top" | Il existe une notation pour référencer une page sur un Wikipédia dans une autre langue : [[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] <br/><br/> On peut ici aussi utiliser la barre verticale pour afficher un texte différent du titre de l'article pointé : [[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page|Cette page en anglais]] <br/><br/> Attention, ici la barre verticale seule en fin de lien ne permet pas de réduire le texte affiché au strict nécessaire : [[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page|en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] | <tt><nowiki>[[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page]]</nowiki> <br/><br/> <nowiki>[[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page|Cette page en anglais]]</nowiki> <br/><br/> <nowiki>[[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page|]]</nowiki> </tt> |----- valign="top" | Pour référencer un mot sur [[Wiktionary]] : [[wikt:Mot]] <br/><br/> On peut ici aussi utiliser la barre verticale pour afficher un texte différent du titre de l'article pointé : [[wikt:Mot|Mot]] ou directement [[wikt:Mot|Mot]] <br/><br/> On peut aussi référencer un mot sur un wiktionary dans une autre langue: [[wikt:en:Word]] ou [[Wikt:en:Word|Word]] | <tt><nowiki>[[wikt:Mot]]</nowiki> <br/><br/> <nowiki>[[wikt:Mot|Mot]]</nowiki> ou directement <nowiki>[[wikt:Mot|]]</nowiki> <br/><br/> <nowiki>[[wikt:en:Word]]</nowiki> ou <nowiki>[[wikt:en:Word|Word]]</nowiki> </tt> |----- | colspan="2" | === Les liens internes, les ancres === |----- valign="top" | Les ancres : <font id="ancre_1">ancre 1.</font> <font id="ancre_2">ancre 2.</font> Ces deux lignes sont des ancres vers lesquelles des liens internes à cette pages peuvent pointer. Des liens de pages externes aussi, d'ailleurs. | <pre><nowiki><font id="ancre_1">ancre 1.</font> <font id="ancre_2">ancre 2.</font></nowiki></pre> remarquer que la balise <nowiki><font></nowiki> n'est effectivement pas censée avoir d'effet de mise en forme. Elle n'est là que parce qu'il est nécessaire d'utiliser une balise HTML afin d'y placer un paramètre ''id'' qui indique le nom de l'ancre. Ça devrait pouvoir être n'importe quelle balise HTML que le wiki reconnaît. |----- valign="top" | Les liens vers des ancres externes sont des liens normaux qui pointent vers une ancre de la page vers laquelle ils dirigent. [[Wikipédia:Syntaxe wikipédia/Lien ancré#ancre_1|lien]] vers l'ancre 1 externe. [[Wikipédia:Syntaxe wikipédia/Lien ancré#ancre_2|lien]] vers l'ancre 2 externe. Ces deux ancres se trouvent sur la [[Wikipédia:Syntaxe wikipédia/Lien ancré|page d'explication des liens ancrés]]. | <pre><nowiki>[[Wikipédia:Syntaxe wikipédia/Lien ancré#ancre_1|lien]] vers l'ancre 1 externe. [[Wikipédia:Syntaxe wikipédia/Lien ancré#ancre_2|lien]] vers l'ancre 2 externe.</nowiki></pre> On crée un lien normalement, en ajoutant un dièse (#) suivi du nom de l'ancre vers laquelle le lien pointe à la fin du nom de la page pointée. |----- valign="top" | Les liens internes sont des liens normaux qui pointent vers des ancres de la page courante : [[#ancre_1|lien vers l'ancre 1]]. [[#ancre_2|lien vers l'ancre 2]]. | <pre><nowiki>[[#ancre_1|lien vers l'ancre 1]]. [[#ancre_2|lien vers l'ancre 2]].</nowiki></pre> Le nom de la page courante est toutefois implicite. |----- | colspan="2" | === Les adresses internet === |----- valign="top" | Lien externe : [http://www.nupedia.com Nupedia] | <pre>Lien externe : [http://www.nupedia.com Nupedia]</pre> |----- valign="top" | Mais l'adresse internet suffit : http://www.nupedia.com.<br/> (Bien pratique si on veut imprimer la page.) | <pre>Mais l'adresse internet suffit : http://www.nupedia.com.</pre> |----- | Il existe toute une liste de ''préfixes'' utilisables ainsi: <nowiki>[[prefixe:valeur]]</nowiki>.<br/>Une liste complète est disponible sur [[m:Interwiki map]] (en anglais) | Exemple: <nowiki>[[google:Wikipédia]]</nowiki> donne [[google:Wikipédia|ceci]] |----- | colspan="2" | === Les images === |----- valign="top" | '''Insérer une image :''' [[Image:Wiki-exemple.png]]<br/> Pour ajouter une image, vous devez d'abord la copier sur le serveur, ce qui suppose de vous connecter comme utilisateur identifié, vous pouvez alors accéder à la page de copie sur le serveur : http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Premiers_pas<br/> <br/> Il faut ensuite placer le lien de l'image dans votre article.<br/> NE FAITES PAS de liens externes vers des fichiers se trouvant sur un serveur dont vous ne contrôlez pas le contenu ! Pour l'accessibilité des mal-voyants, il est conseillé d'ajouter le "nom de l'image", ceci permet au lecteur vocal ou à la tablette braille de fournir un descriptif parlant, là où il y a une image. Voir [[Wikipédia:Règles d'utilisation des images]] pour de plus amples informations à ce sujet. | <pre><nowiki>[[Image:Wiki-exemple.png]]</nowiki></pre> ou <br/> <pre><nowiki>[[Image:Wiki-exemple.png|nom de l'image]]</nowiki></pre> |----- | '''Faire "flotter" une image'''<br/><br/> [[Image:Wiki-exemple.png|left]] Quand une image n'occupe pas la largeur de la page, il peut être agréable de la placer à gauche et que le texte s'écrive le long de celle-ci du côté droit.<br/> Pour cela, il vous suffit de recopier le code ci-contre à l'endroit où vous souhaitez voir l'image et de remplacer les parties en italique par le lien vers l'image et par la légende de l'image.<br/><br/> Si vous souhaitez placer l'image du côté droit, remplacer ''left'' par ''right''<br/> | <tt><nowiki>[[</nowiki>Image:<i>nom-image.png</i>|left|<i>Légende</i>]]<br/> Quand une image n'occupe pas la largeur de la page ... </tt> |----- | '''Faire "flotter" plusieurs images'''<br/> [[Image:Icon_no.png|left]][[Image: Icon_yes.png|left]]Plusieurs images qui "flottent" à la suite elles se positionnent les unes à coté des autres. <div style="float:right;padding:15px">[[Image:Icon_no.png]]<br/>[[Image: Icon_yes.png]]</div>Il est possible de forcer l'affichage d'images les unes en dessous des autres. Pour un meilleur rendu, cette astuce est à utiliser avec des images qui font la même largeur (voir ci dessous "Syntaxe étendue pour les images" pour imposer la taille des images). | <nowiki>[[Image:Icon_no.png|left]][[Image:Icon_yes.png|left]]</nowiki> Pour faire flotter un à coté de l'autre. <nowiki><div style="float:right;">[[Image:Icon_no.png]]<br/>[[Image: Icon_yes.png]]</div></nowiki> Pour faire flotter l'un en dessous de l'autre. |----- | colspan="2" | === Syntaxe étendue pour les images === |----- valign="top" | Une syntaxe étendue permet de contrôler la taille et la position des images:<br/> Les options disponibles sont les suivantes (si plusieurs options sont présentes, elles doivent être séparées par un signe <tt>|</tt>; il faut un <tt>|</tt> après la dernière option même si il n'y a pas de légende):<br/> *<tt>thumb</tt> ou <tt>thumbnail</tt> :permet de générer automatiquement une version réduite de l'image, dans un cadre. Par défaut, l'image sera alignée à droite. La légende, si présente, sera placée en dessous de l'image; une "icône loupe" placé à droite permet d'accéder à l'image en grandeur réelle. *<tt>framed</tt> :l'image est placée dans un cadre, comme avec l'option <tt>thumb</tt>, et accepte donc une légende mais n'est disponible que dans sa taille normale et l'"icône loupe" est donc absente. *<tt>right</tt> :permet d'aligner l'image à droite. Peut s'utiliser avec ou sans l'option <tt>thumb</tt>. *<tt>center</tt> :permet de centrer l'image. Peut s'utiliser avec ou sans l'option <tt>thumb</tt>. *<tt>left</tt> :permet d'aligner l'image à gauche. Peut s'utiliser avec ou sans l'option <tt>thumb</tt>. *<tt>none</tt> :permet de supprimer l'alignement par defaut. Cette option est surtout utile pour les images insérées dans un tableau. *<tt>''largeur'' px</tt> :permet de specifier la largeur de la version réduite. L'image affichée gardera le même aspect que l'image grandeur réelle. | <tt><nowiki>[[</nowiki>Image:''nom de l'image''|''options''|''légende'']] |} == Mise en forme des caractères == {| border="1" |----- valign="top" | ''Faire ressortir un mot'', '''un peu plus''', '''''encore plus'''''.<br/> À utiliser également dans les formules : '''F''' = ''m'' '''a'''. | <pre>''Faire ressortir un mot'', '''un peu plus''', '''''encore plus'''''. '''F''' = ''m'' '''a'''.</pre> |----- | <font size="+1" color="red">Polices amusantes</font><br/> Mais <code>== ... ==</code> est plus approprié pour séparer des sections. | <pre>&lt;font size="+2" color="red"&gt;Polices amusantes&lt;/font&gt;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Police machine à écrire pour les <tt>termes techniques</tt>. | <pre>&lt;tt&gt;termes techniques&lt;/tt&gt;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Vous pouvez <strike>barrer</strike> certains mots<br/> et <u>en souligner d'autres...</u>. Pratique ... | <pre>Vous pouvez &lt;strike&gt;barrer&lt;/strike&gt; certains mots et &lt;u&gt;en souligner d'autres...&lt;/u&gt;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Umlauts et accents : (cf [[Aide:Caractères spéciaux]] et [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Special_Characters Wiki special characters] (en anglais)<br/> À Á Â Ã Ä Å Æ <br/> Ç È É Ê Ë Ì Í <br/> Î Ï Ñ Ò Ó Ô Õ Œ<br/> Ö Ø Ù Ú Û Ü ß <br/> à á â ã ä å æ <br/> ç è é ê ë ì í <br/> î ï ñ ò ó ô õ œ<br/> ö ø ù ú û ü ÿ<br/> Note : depuis le passage à l'[[unicode]] on peut aussi parfaitement écrire les caractères spéciaux directement sans aucun souci. | <pre> &amp;Agrave; &amp;Aacute; &amp;Acirc; &amp;Atilde; &amp;Auml; &amp;Aring; &amp;AElig; &amp;Ccedil; &amp;Egrave; &amp;Eacute; &amp;Ecirc; &amp;Euml; &amp;Igrave; &amp;Iacute; &amp;Icirc; &amp;Iuml; &amp;Ntilde; &amp;Ograve; &amp;Oacute; &amp;Ocirc; &amp;Otilde; &amp;OElig; &amp;Ouml; &amp;Oslash; &amp;Ugrave; &amp;Uacute; &amp;Ucirc; &amp;Uuml; &amp;szlig; &amp;agrave; &amp;aacute; &amp;acirc; &amp;atilde; &amp;auml; &amp;aring; &amp;aelig; &amp;ccedil; &amp;egrave; &amp;eacute; &amp;ecirc; &amp;euml; &amp;igrave; &amp;iacute; &amp;icirc; &amp;iuml; &amp;ntilde; &amp;ograve; &amp;oacute; &amp;ocirc; &amp;otilde; &amp;oelig; &amp;ouml; &amp;oslash; &amp;ugrave; &amp;uacute; &amp;ucirc; &amp;uuml; &amp;yuml;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Ponctuations : ¿ ¡ « » § ¶<br/> † ‡ • | <pre>&amp;iquest; &amp;iexcl; &amp;laquo; &amp;raquo; &amp;sect; &amp;para; &amp;dagger; &amp;Dagger; &amp;bull; </pre> |----- valign="top" | Caractères spéciaux : ™ © ® ¢ € ¥ £ ¤ | <pre>&amp;trade; &amp;copy; &amp;reg; &amp;cent; &amp;euro; &amp;yen; &amp;pound; &amp;curren; </pre> |----- valign="top" | Indice (subscript en anglais) : x<sub>2</sub> et<br/> Exposant (superscript en anglais) : x<sup>2</sup> | <pre>Indice : x&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; et Exposant : x&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Caractères grecs : α β γ δ ε ζ η<br/> θ ι κ λ μ ν ξ <br/> π ρ σ ς τ υ φ<br/> χ ψ ω <br/> Γ Δ Θ Λ Ξ Π Σ <br/> Φ Ψ Ω | <pre>&amp;alpha; &amp;beta; &amp;gamma; &amp;delta; &amp;epsilon; &amp;zeta; &amp;eta; &amp;theta; &amp;iota; &amp;kappa; &amp;lambda; &amp;mu; &amp;nu; &amp;xi; &amp;pi; &amp;rho; &amp;sigma; &amp;sigmaf; &amp;tau; &amp;upsilon; &amp;phi; &amp;chi; &amp;psi; &amp;omega; &amp;Gamma; &amp;Delta; &amp;Theta; &amp;Lambda; &amp;Xi; &amp;Pi; &amp;Sigma; &amp;Phi; &amp;Psi; &amp;Omega; </pre> |----- valign="top" | Caractères mathématiques : (cf. [[Wikipedia:Caractères spéciaux]] et [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Special_Characters Wiki special characters] (en anglais)) <br/> ∫ ∑ ∏ √ ± ∞ <br/> ≈ ∝ ≡ ≠ ≤ ≥ → <br/> × · ÷ ∂ ′ ″ ∇ <br/> ‰ ° ∴ ℵ<br/> ø ∈ ∋ ∩ ∪ ⊂ ⊃ ⊆ ⊇<br/> ¬ ∧ ∨ ∃ ∀ ⇒ ⇔ | valign="middle" | <pre>&amp;int; &amp;sum; &amp;prod; &amp;radic; &amp;plusmn; &amp;infin; &amp;asymp; &amp;prop; &amp;equiv; &amp;ne; &amp;le; &amp;ge; &amp;rarr; &amp;times; &amp;middot; &amp;divide; &amp;part; &amp;prime; &amp;Prime; &amp;nabla; &amp;permil; &amp;deg; &amp;there4; &amp;alefsym; &amp;oslash; &amp;isin; &amp;ni; &amp;cap; &amp;cup; &amp;sub; &amp;sup; &amp;sube; &amp;supe; &amp;not; &amp;and; &amp;or; &amp;exist; &amp;forall; &amp;rArr; &amp;hArr;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Plus d'espace que d'habitude, sans saut de ligne : x<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;≥&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;0 est vrai.<br/> Utile pour les formules. | <pre>;x<sup>2</sup>&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;ge;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;0 </pre> |----- | ASCII art (Commencer chaque ligne par un blanc) :<br/> ∞ -x<sup>2</sup> ∫ e dx = √π -∞ Malgré tout, la racine carrée est très moche. | <pre> &amp;infin; -x<sup>2</sup> &amp;int; e dx = &amp;radic;&amp;pi; -&amp;infin;</pre> |----- | Formules mathématiques compliquées :<br/> &nbsp;&nbsp;<math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}</math> * Voir [[Wikipédia:Formules TeX]] | <pre><nowiki> <math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}</math> </nowiki></pre> |----- | Suppression de l'interprétation du ''markup'' :<br/> <nowiki>Lien → (<i>vers</i>) la [[Wikipédia:FAQ]]</nowiki> * Est utilisé pour montrer littéralement des données qui autrement auraient une signification spéciale. * Tous les ''markup'' wiki sont ignorés, y compris ceux ressemblant à des tags HTML. * Les caractères HTML spéciaux sont toujours interprétés. | <pre><nowiki><nowiki>Lien → (<i>vers</i>) la [[Wikipédia:FAQ]]</nowiki></nowiki></pre> |} == Tableaux == Le logiciel permet d'utiliser deux syntaxes: # la "Wiki" expliquée dans la sous-page: [[Aide:Syntaxe wikipédia/tableaux]] # "classique" utilisant le [[Hypertext markup language|HTML]] mais dont l'usage est déprécié. {| border="1" |+ Un exemple de tableau |- ! Premier en-tête ! Deuxième en-tête ! Troisième en-tête |- | Haut gauche || Haut milieu || rowspan="2" | Côté droit |- | Bas gauche || Bas milieu |- | colspan="3" align="center" | ligne du bas |} '''Voir également''' [[meta:Wikipedia_DTD]], [[Aide:Guide d'utilisation des tableaux]] et [[Aide:Modèle]] == Commentaire == Attention, les commentaires dans les articles sont '''strictement''' réservés à la maintenance de la page. Les commentaires sur le contenu de l'article sont à mettre dans la page discussion attachée à l'article en question. <nowiki><!-- Note : Cette page est en cours de rédaction, veuillez patienter avant de l'éditer. --></nowiki> == Identification dans les pages de discussion == {| border="1" |----- | Seulement le pseudonyme:<br/> [[Utilisateur:Aoineko|Aoineko]] | <nowiki>~~~ (3 tildes)</nowiki> |----- | Pseudonyme et date:<br/> [[Utilisateur:Aoineko|Aoineko]] 03:17 Nov 8, 2002 (CET) | <nowiki>~~~~ (4 tildes)</nowiki> |----- | Date:<br/> 03:17 Nov 8, 2002 (CET) | <nowiki>~~~~~ (5 tildes)</nowiki> |} == Catégories == Pour la syntaxe propre à l'utilisation des catégories, voir l'article [[Aide:Catégorie]] {{Contribuer}} [[ar:ويكيبيديا:مساعدة التحرير]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Как се редактират страници]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Jak redigovat stránku]] [[da:Wikipedia:Hvordan redigerer jeg en side]] [[de:Wikipedia:Handbuch - Artikel bearbeiten]] [[el:Wikipedia:Πώς να επεξεργαστείτε μια σελίδα]] [[en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Kiel redakti pagxon]] [[es:Wikipedia:Cómo se edita una página]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kuinka_sivuja_muokataan]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Conas a cuirtear leathanach in eagar]] [[he:ויקיפדיה:איך לערוך דף]] [[hu:Wikipédia:Hogyan szerkessz egy lapot]] [[it:Wikipedia:Guida_essenziale]] [[ja:Wikipedia:編集の仕方]] [[minnan:Help:Editing]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cum să editezi o pagină]] [[ru:Как редактировать страницу]] [[simple:Wikipedia:How to edit]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Urejevanje slovenskih strani]] [[sr:Википедија:Како се мења страна]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Hur man redigerar en sida]] [[th:Wikipedia:การแก้ไขหน้า]] [[vi:Help:Sửa đổi]] [[zh-cn:Help:如何编辑页面]] [[zh-tw:Wikipedia:如何編輯頁面]] 2239 2005-02-02T21:28:33Z 80.218.21.70 [[Catégorie:Wikipédia:aide technique|Syntaxe wikipédia]] '''Vous parlez le lingala? Aidez à traduire cette page ou un seul paragraphe. Merci.''' Pour [[FAQ|mettre en forme]] vos articles, [[Wikipédia]] permet d'introduire certains codes&nbsp;; les plus courants sont: {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |''texte en italique'' |<nowiki>''texte en italique''</nowiki> (apostrophes et non guillemets) |- | '''texte en gras''' ||<nowiki>'''texte en gras'''</nowiki> |- |<ul><li>liste</li><li>à</li><li>puce</li></ul> |<nowiki>*</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>à<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>puce |- |<ol><li>liste</li><li>numérotée</li></ol> |<nowiki>#</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>#</nowiki>numérotée |- |<h2>Titre de section</h2> |<nowiki> ==Titre de section== </nowiki> |- |<h3>Titre de sous-section</h3> |<nowiki>===Titre de sous-section===</nowiki> |} Cet article vous présente la ''syntaxe propre à wikipédia''. Il résume sous la forme de tableaux les différentes mises en forme possibles. La colonne de droite indique les codes à saisir, et celle de gauche l'effet obtenu. Vous pouvez effectuer vos tests sur le [[Wikipédia:Esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]] qui est réservé à cet usage. == Table des matières == Une table des matières est créée automatiquement si l'article comporte plus de 3 titres ou sous-titres (au moins 4). Pour supprimer le sommaire automatique, il suffit de mettre quelque part <nowiki>__NOTOC__</nowiki>. Pour modifier l'emplacement de la table des matières : placer <nowiki>__NOTOC__</nowiki> en haut de la page, puis insérer <nowiki>__TOC__</nowiki> là où vous désirez voir apparaître la table. == Sections, paragraphes, listes et lignes == {| border="1" |----- | Pour les titres : <br/><br/> == Nouvelle section == === Nouvelle sous-section === ==== Nouveau paragraphe ==== Les notations ci-contre sont respectivement équivalentes à l'utilisation des balises html &lt;h2&gt;...&lt;/h2&gt;, &lt;h3&gt;...&lt;/h3&gt; et &lt;h4&gt;...&lt;/h4&gt;. | <tt> <nowiki>== Nouvelle section ==</nowiki><br/> <nowiki>=== Nouvelle sous-section ===</nowiki><br/> <nowiki>==== Nouveau paragraphe ====</nowiki></tt> |----- | Un simple saut à la ligne n'a aucun effet. <br/><br/> Mais une ligne vide permet de séparer les paragraphes. | <pre>Un simple saut à la ligne n'a aucun effet. Mais une ligne vide permet de séparer les paragraphes.</pre> |----- valign="top" | Voilà comment il faut faire<br/> pour aller à la ligne. | <pre>Voilà comment il faut faire<br /> pour aller à la ligne.</pre> |----- | * Les listes sont bien pratiques : ** Elles permettent d'organiser les données ** Elles embellissent le document | <pre>* Les listes sont bien pratiques :</pre> <pre>** Elles permettent d'organiser les données</pre> <pre>** Elles embellissent le document</pre> |----- | # Les listes numérotées sont également bien pratiques # Bien organisées ## Faciles à lire | <pre># Les listes numérotées sont également bien pratiques</pre> <pre># Bien organisées</pre> <pre>## Faciles à lire</pre> |----- | :Les lignes peuvent être ::indentées :::sur plusieurs niveaux | <pre>:Les lignes peuvent être</pre> <pre>::indentées</pre> <pre>:::sur plusieurs niveaux</pre> |----- | Avec tout cela, il est maintenant possible de mélanger les types de listes : *Une liste numérotée : :#Premier élément :#Second élément *d'autres branches à l'arborescence | <pre> *Une liste numérotée : :#Premier élément :#Second élément *d'autres branches à l'arborescence </pre> |----- | ; Listes de définitions : listes contenant des définitions ; Terme à expliquer : explication du terme | <pre>; Listes de définitions : listes contenant des définitions</pre> <pre>; Terme à expliquer : explication du terme</pre> |----- | En utilisant des balises (''tags'') HTML c'est plus beau (mais c'est plus difficile à mémoriser) : <ul> <li>Une liste numérotée : <ol> <li>Premier élément <li>Second élément </ol> <li>d'autres branches à l'arborescence </ul> ''Petit truc mnémotechnique :'' *'' ol = Liste Ordonnée (c'est à dire numérotée - Ordered List en anglais)''&nbsp;; *'' ul = Liste "Unordonnée" (Unordered List en anglais) ou plus prosaïquement liste à puces''&nbsp;; *'' li = élément d'une liste (List Item en anglais). | <pre>&lt;ul&gt;</pre> <pre> &lt;li&gt;Une liste numérotée :</pre> <pre> &lt;ol&gt;</pre> <pre> &lt;li&gt;Premier élément</pre> <pre> &lt;li&gt;Second élément</pre> <pre> &lt;/ol&gt;</pre> <pre> &lt;li&gt;d'autres branches à l'arborescence</pre> <pre>&lt;/ul&gt;</pre> |----- valign="top" | SI (une ligne commence par une espace) ALORS elle apparaîtra exactement telle qu'elle a été saisie&nbsp;; dans une police non proportionnelle&nbsp;; les sauts de ligne ne seront pas automatiques&nbsp;; FIN SI C'est bien utile pour : • copier/coller un texte pré-formaté&nbsp;; • des descriptions d'algorithmes&nbsp;; | <pre> SI (une ligne commence par une espace) ALORS elle apparaîtra exactement telle qu'elle a été saisie; dans une police non proportionnelle; les sauts de ligne ne seront pas automatiques ; FIN SI C'est bien utile pour : &amp;bull; copier/coller un texte pré-formaté ; <br/><br/> &amp;bull; des descriptions d'algorithmes ;</pre> |----- valign="top" | <center>Le texte peut être centré.</center> | <pre>&lt;center&gt;Le texte peut être centré.&lt;/center&gt;</pre> |----- | Une ligne horizontale : au-dessus ---- et en-dessous. | <pre>Une ligne horizontale : au-dessus</pre> <pre>----</pre> <pre>et en-dessous.</pre> |} == Liens, adresses internet et images == {| border="1" |----- | colspan="2" | === Les liens === |----- valign="top" | Lien vers [[Accueil]].<br/> La première lettre apparaît automatiquement en [[majuscule]].<br/> Les espaces sont convertis en 'underscores'.<br/> Pour créer une nouvelle page, créez d'abord un lien vers cette page, puis cliquez sur le lien en rouge qui apparaît. | <pre>Lien vers [[Accueil]].</pre> |----- valign="top" | Le même lien, mais avec un nom différent : [[Accueil|page d'accueil]].<br/> Les liens ne peuvent contenir que des lettres et des espaces ! | <pre>Le même lien, mais avec un nom différent : [[Accueil|page d'accueil]]</pre>; |----- valign="top" | [[La sexualité des mouches dans le Vercors oriental]] est une page qui n'existe pas encore.<br/> Vous pouvez la créer en cliquant simplement sur le lien.<br/> Après l'avoir créée, faites une recherche sur son titre, et assurez-vous que les autres articles y font correctement référence. | <tt><nowiki>[[La sexualité des mouches dans le Vercors oriental]]</nowiki> est une page qui n'existe pas encore.</tt> |----- valign="top" | Pour les pages d'[[Wikipédia:Homonymie|homonymie]], il existe un raccourci pour cacher le domaine :<br/> la planète [[Jupiter (planète)|Jupiter]] | <tt><nowiki>la planète [[Jupiter (planète)|]]</nowiki></tt> |----- valign="top" | Pour référencer les pages utilisateur, il existe un raccourci pour éviter de taper deux fois le nom : [[Utilisateur:Dupont|Dupont]] est équivalent à [[Utilisateur:Dupont|Dupont]] | <tt><nowiki>[[Utilisateur:Dupont|]] est équivalent à [[Utilisateur:Dupont|Dupont]]</nowiki></tt> |----- valign="top" | Lien vers les commentaires associés à cette page ou à une page du domaine Wikipédia : [[Discussion Wikipédia:Comment modifier une page]]<br/> Lien vers une discussion d'une page normale du Wikipédia [[Discuter:Accueil]]<br/> | <tt>Lien vers les commentaires associés à cette page ou a une page du domaine Wikipédia : <nowiki>[[Discussion_Wikipédia:Comment modifier une page]]</nowiki><br/> Lien vers une discussion d'une page normale du Wikipédia <nowiki>[[Discuter:Accueil]]</nowiki></tt><br/> |----- valign="top" | [[Wikipédia:Redirection|Redirection]] d'une page vers une autre en mettant ce texte dans la première ligne. | <pre>#REDIRECT [[France]]</pre> |----- valign="top" | Il existe une notation pour référencer une page sur un Wikipédia dans une autre langue : [[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] <br/><br/> On peut ici aussi utiliser la barre verticale pour afficher un texte différent du titre de l'article pointé : [[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page|Cette page en anglais]] <br/><br/> Attention, ici la barre verticale seule en fin de lien ne permet pas de réduire le texte affiché au strict nécessaire : [[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page|en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] | <tt><nowiki>[[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page]]</nowiki> <br/><br/> <nowiki>[[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page|Cette page en anglais]]</nowiki> <br/><br/> <nowiki>[[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page|]]</nowiki> </tt> |----- valign="top" | Pour référencer un mot sur [[Wiktionary]] : [[wikt:Mot]] <br/><br/> On peut ici aussi utiliser la barre verticale pour afficher un texte différent du titre de l'article pointé : [[wikt:Mot|Mot]] ou directement [[wikt:Mot|Mot]] <br/><br/> On peut aussi référencer un mot sur un wiktionary dans une autre langue: [[wikt:en:Word]] ou [[Wikt:en:Word|Word]] | <tt><nowiki>[[wikt:Mot]]</nowiki> <br/><br/> <nowiki>[[wikt:Mot|Mot]]</nowiki> ou directement <nowiki>[[wikt:Mot|]]</nowiki> <br/><br/> <nowiki>[[wikt:en:Word]]</nowiki> ou <nowiki>[[wikt:en:Word|Word]]</nowiki> </tt> |----- | colspan="2" | === Les liens internes, les ancres === |----- valign="top" | Les ancres : <font id="ancre_1">ancre 1.</font> <font id="ancre_2">ancre 2.</font> Ces deux lignes sont des ancres vers lesquelles des liens internes à cette pages peuvent pointer. Des liens de pages externes aussi, d'ailleurs. | <pre><nowiki><font id="ancre_1">ancre 1.</font> <font id="ancre_2">ancre 2.</font></nowiki></pre> remarquer que la balise <nowiki><font></nowiki> n'est effectivement pas censée avoir d'effet de mise en forme. Elle n'est là que parce qu'il est nécessaire d'utiliser une balise HTML afin d'y placer un paramètre ''id'' qui indique le nom de l'ancre. Ça devrait pouvoir être n'importe quelle balise HTML que le wiki reconnaît. |----- valign="top" | Les liens vers des ancres externes sont des liens normaux qui pointent vers une ancre de la page vers laquelle ils dirigent. [[Wikipédia:Syntaxe wikipédia/Lien ancré#ancre_1|lien]] vers l'ancre 1 externe. [[Wikipédia:Syntaxe wikipédia/Lien ancré#ancre_2|lien]] vers l'ancre 2 externe. Ces deux ancres se trouvent sur la [[Wikipédia:Syntaxe wikipédia/Lien ancré|page d'explication des liens ancrés]]. | <pre><nowiki>[[Wikipédia:Syntaxe wikipédia/Lien ancré#ancre_1|lien]] vers l'ancre 1 externe. [[Wikipédia:Syntaxe wikipédia/Lien ancré#ancre_2|lien]] vers l'ancre 2 externe.</nowiki></pre> On crée un lien normalement, en ajoutant un dièse (#) suivi du nom de l'ancre vers laquelle le lien pointe à la fin du nom de la page pointée. |----- valign="top" | Les liens internes sont des liens normaux qui pointent vers des ancres de la page courante : [[#ancre_1|lien vers l'ancre 1]]. [[#ancre_2|lien vers l'ancre 2]]. | <pre><nowiki>[[#ancre_1|lien vers l'ancre 1]]. [[#ancre_2|lien vers l'ancre 2]].</nowiki></pre> Le nom de la page courante est toutefois implicite. |----- | colspan="2" | === Les adresses internet === |----- valign="top" | Lien externe : [http://www.nupedia.com Nupedia] | <pre>Lien externe : [http://www.nupedia.com Nupedia]</pre> |----- valign="top" | Mais l'adresse internet suffit : http://www.nupedia.com.<br/> (Bien pratique si on veut imprimer la page.) | <pre>Mais l'adresse internet suffit : http://www.nupedia.com.</pre> |----- | Il existe toute une liste de ''préfixes'' utilisables ainsi: <nowiki>[[prefixe:valeur]]</nowiki>.<br/>Une liste complète est disponible sur [[m:Interwiki map]] (en anglais) | Exemple: <nowiki>[[google:Wikipédia]]</nowiki> donne [[google:Wikipédia|ceci]] |----- | colspan="2" | === Les images === |----- valign="top" | '''Insérer une image :''' [[Image:Wiki-exemple.png]]<br/> Pour ajouter une image, vous devez d'abord la copier sur le serveur, ce qui suppose de vous connecter comme utilisateur identifié, vous pouvez alors accéder à la page de copie sur le serveur : http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Premiers_pas<br/> <br/> Il faut ensuite placer le lien de l'image dans votre article.<br/> NE FAITES PAS de liens externes vers des fichiers se trouvant sur un serveur dont vous ne contrôlez pas le contenu ! Pour l'accessibilité des mal-voyants, il est conseillé d'ajouter le "nom de l'image", ceci permet au lecteur vocal ou à la tablette braille de fournir un descriptif parlant, là où il y a une image. Voir [[Wikipédia:Règles d'utilisation des images]] pour de plus amples informations à ce sujet. | <pre><nowiki>[[Image:Wiki-exemple.png]]</nowiki></pre> ou <br/> <pre><nowiki>[[Image:Wiki-exemple.png|nom de l'image]]</nowiki></pre> |----- | '''Faire "flotter" une image'''<br/><br/> [[Image:Wiki-exemple.png|left]] Quand une image n'occupe pas la largeur de la page, il peut être agréable de la placer à gauche et que le texte s'écrive le long de celle-ci du côté droit.<br/> Pour cela, il vous suffit de recopier le code ci-contre à l'endroit où vous souhaitez voir l'image et de remplacer les parties en italique par le lien vers l'image et par la légende de l'image.<br/><br/> Si vous souhaitez placer l'image du côté droit, remplacer ''left'' par ''right''<br/> | <tt><nowiki>[[</nowiki>Image:<i>nom-image.png</i>|left|<i>Légende</i>]]<br/> Quand une image n'occupe pas la largeur de la page ... </tt> |----- | '''Faire "flotter" plusieurs images'''<br/> [[Image:Icon_no.png|left]][[Image: Icon_yes.png|left]]Plusieurs images qui "flottent" à la suite elles se positionnent les unes à coté des autres. <div style="float:right;padding:15px">[[Image:Icon_no.png]]<br/>[[Image: Icon_yes.png]]</div>Il est possible de forcer l'affichage d'images les unes en dessous des autres. Pour un meilleur rendu, cette astuce est à utiliser avec des images qui font la même largeur (voir ci dessous "Syntaxe étendue pour les images" pour imposer la taille des images). | <nowiki>[[Image:Icon_no.png|left]][[Image:Icon_yes.png|left]]</nowiki> Pour faire flotter un à coté de l'autre. <nowiki><div style="float:right;">[[Image:Icon_no.png]]<br/>[[Image: Icon_yes.png]]</div></nowiki> Pour faire flotter l'un en dessous de l'autre. |----- | colspan="2" | === Syntaxe étendue pour les images === |----- valign="top" | Une syntaxe étendue permet de contrôler la taille et la position des images:<br/> Les options disponibles sont les suivantes (si plusieurs options sont présentes, elles doivent être séparées par un signe <tt>|</tt>; il faut un <tt>|</tt> après la dernière option même si il n'y a pas de légende):<br/> *<tt>thumb</tt> ou <tt>thumbnail</tt> :permet de générer automatiquement une version réduite de l'image, dans un cadre. Par défaut, l'image sera alignée à droite. La légende, si présente, sera placée en dessous de l'image; une "icône loupe" placé à droite permet d'accéder à l'image en grandeur réelle. *<tt>framed</tt> :l'image est placée dans un cadre, comme avec l'option <tt>thumb</tt>, et accepte donc une légende mais n'est disponible que dans sa taille normale et l'"icône loupe" est donc absente. *<tt>right</tt> :permet d'aligner l'image à droite. Peut s'utiliser avec ou sans l'option <tt>thumb</tt>. *<tt>center</tt> :permet de centrer l'image. Peut s'utiliser avec ou sans l'option <tt>thumb</tt>. *<tt>left</tt> :permet d'aligner l'image à gauche. Peut s'utiliser avec ou sans l'option <tt>thumb</tt>. *<tt>none</tt> :permet de supprimer l'alignement par defaut. Cette option est surtout utile pour les images insérées dans un tableau. *<tt>''largeur'' px</tt> :permet de specifier la largeur de la version réduite. L'image affichée gardera le même aspect que l'image grandeur réelle. | <tt><nowiki>[[</nowiki>Image:''nom de l'image''|''options''|''légende'']] |} == Mise en forme des caractères == {| border="1" |----- valign="top" | ''Faire ressortir un mot'', '''un peu plus''', '''''encore plus'''''.<br/> À utiliser également dans les formules : '''F''' = ''m'' '''a'''. | <pre>''Faire ressortir un mot'', '''un peu plus''', '''''encore plus'''''. '''F''' = ''m'' '''a'''.</pre> |----- | <font size="+1" color="red">Polices amusantes</font><br/> Mais <code>== ... ==</code> est plus approprié pour séparer des sections. | <pre>&lt;font size="+2" color="red"&gt;Polices amusantes&lt;/font&gt;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Police machine à écrire pour les <tt>termes techniques</tt>. | <pre>&lt;tt&gt;termes techniques&lt;/tt&gt;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Vous pouvez <strike>barrer</strike> certains mots<br/> et <u>en souligner d'autres...</u>. Pratique ... | <pre>Vous pouvez &lt;strike&gt;barrer&lt;/strike&gt; certains mots et &lt;u&gt;en souligner d'autres...&lt;/u&gt;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Umlauts et accents : (cf [[Aide:Caractères spéciaux]] et [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Special_Characters Wiki special characters] (en anglais)<br/> À Á Â Ã Ä Å Æ <br/> Ç È É Ê Ë Ì Í <br/> Î Ï Ñ Ò Ó Ô Õ Œ<br/> Ö Ø Ù Ú Û Ü ß <br/> à á â ã ä å æ <br/> ç è é ê ë ì í <br/> î ï ñ ò ó ô õ œ<br/> ö ø ù ú û ü ÿ<br/> Note : depuis le passage à l'[[unicode]] on peut aussi parfaitement écrire les caractères spéciaux directement sans aucun souci. | <pre> &amp;Agrave; &amp;Aacute; &amp;Acirc; &amp;Atilde; &amp;Auml; &amp;Aring; &amp;AElig; &amp;Ccedil; &amp;Egrave; &amp;Eacute; &amp;Ecirc; &amp;Euml; &amp;Igrave; &amp;Iacute; &amp;Icirc; &amp;Iuml; &amp;Ntilde; &amp;Ograve; &amp;Oacute; &amp;Ocirc; &amp;Otilde; &amp;OElig; &amp;Ouml; &amp;Oslash; &amp;Ugrave; &amp;Uacute; &amp;Ucirc; &amp;Uuml; &amp;szlig; &amp;agrave; &amp;aacute; &amp;acirc; &amp;atilde; &amp;auml; &amp;aring; &amp;aelig; &amp;ccedil; &amp;egrave; &amp;eacute; &amp;ecirc; &amp;euml; &amp;igrave; &amp;iacute; &amp;icirc; &amp;iuml; &amp;ntilde; &amp;ograve; &amp;oacute; &amp;ocirc; &amp;otilde; &amp;oelig; &amp;ouml; &amp;oslash; &amp;ugrave; &amp;uacute; &amp;ucirc; &amp;uuml; &amp;yuml;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Ponctuations : ¿ ¡ « » § ¶<br/> † ‡ • | <pre>&amp;iquest; &amp;iexcl; &amp;laquo; &amp;raquo; &amp;sect; &amp;para; &amp;dagger; &amp;Dagger; &amp;bull; </pre> |----- valign="top" | Caractères spéciaux : ™ © ® ¢ € ¥ £ ¤ | <pre>&amp;trade; &amp;copy; &amp;reg; &amp;cent; &amp;euro; &amp;yen; &amp;pound; &amp;curren; </pre> |----- valign="top" | Indice (subscript en anglais) : x<sub>2</sub> et<br/> Exposant (superscript en anglais) : x<sup>2</sup> | <pre>Indice : x&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; et Exposant : x&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Caractères grecs : α β γ δ ε ζ η<br/> θ ι κ λ μ ν ξ <br/> π ρ σ ς τ υ φ<br/> χ ψ ω <br/> Γ Δ Θ Λ Ξ Π Σ <br/> Φ Ψ Ω | <pre>&amp;alpha; &amp;beta; &amp;gamma; &amp;delta; &amp;epsilon; &amp;zeta; &amp;eta; &amp;theta; &amp;iota; &amp;kappa; &amp;lambda; &amp;mu; &amp;nu; &amp;xi; &amp;pi; &amp;rho; &amp;sigma; &amp;sigmaf; &amp;tau; &amp;upsilon; &amp;phi; &amp;chi; &amp;psi; &amp;omega; &amp;Gamma; &amp;Delta; &amp;Theta; &amp;Lambda; &amp;Xi; &amp;Pi; &amp;Sigma; &amp;Phi; &amp;Psi; &amp;Omega; </pre> |----- valign="top" | Caractères mathématiques : (cf. [[Wikipedia:Caractères spéciaux]] et [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Special_Characters Wiki special characters] (en anglais)) <br/> ∫ ∑ ∏ √ ± ∞ <br/> ≈ ∝ ≡ ≠ ≤ ≥ → <br/> × · ÷ ∂ ′ ″ ∇ <br/> ‰ ° ∴ ℵ<br/> ø ∈ ∋ ∩ ∪ ⊂ ⊃ ⊆ ⊇<br/> ¬ ∧ ∨ ∃ ∀ ⇒ ⇔ | valign="middle" | <pre>&amp;int; &amp;sum; &amp;prod; &amp;radic; &amp;plusmn; &amp;infin; &amp;asymp; &amp;prop; &amp;equiv; &amp;ne; &amp;le; &amp;ge; &amp;rarr; &amp;times; &amp;middot; &amp;divide; &amp;part; &amp;prime; &amp;Prime; &amp;nabla; &amp;permil; &amp;deg; &amp;there4; &amp;alefsym; &amp;oslash; &amp;isin; &amp;ni; &amp;cap; &amp;cup; &amp;sub; &amp;sup; &amp;sube; &amp;supe; &amp;not; &amp;and; &amp;or; &amp;exist; &amp;forall; &amp;rArr; &amp;hArr;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Plus d'espace que d'habitude, sans saut de ligne : x<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;≥&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;0 est vrai.<br/> Utile pour les formules. | <pre>;x<sup>2</sup>&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;ge;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;0 </pre> |----- | ASCII art (Commencer chaque ligne par un blanc) :<br/> ∞ -x<sup>2</sup> ∫ e dx = √π -∞ Malgré tout, la racine carrée est très moche. | <pre> &amp;infin; -x<sup>2</sup> &amp;int; e dx = &amp;radic;&amp;pi; -&amp;infin;</pre> |----- | Formules mathématiques compliquées :<br/> &nbsp;&nbsp;<math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}</math> * Voir [[Wikipédia:Formules TeX]] | <pre><nowiki> <math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}</math> </nowiki></pre> |----- | Suppression de l'interprétation du ''markup'' :<br/> <nowiki>Lien → (<i>vers</i>) la [[Wikipédia:FAQ]]</nowiki> * Est utilisé pour montrer littéralement des données qui autrement auraient une signification spéciale. * Tous les ''markup'' wiki sont ignorés, y compris ceux ressemblant à des tags HTML. * Les caractères HTML spéciaux sont toujours interprétés. | <pre><nowiki><nowiki>Lien → (<i>vers</i>) la [[Wikipédia:FAQ]]</nowiki></nowiki></pre> |} == Tableaux == Le logiciel permet d'utiliser deux syntaxes: # la "Wiki" expliquée dans la sous-page: [[Aide:Syntaxe wikipédia/tableaux]] # "classique" utilisant le [[Hypertext markup language|HTML]] mais dont l'usage est déprécié. {| border="1" |+ Un exemple de tableau |- ! Premier en-tête ! Deuxième en-tête ! Troisième en-tête |- | Haut gauche || Haut milieu || rowspan="2" | Côté droit |- | Bas gauche || Bas milieu |- | colspan="3" align="center" | ligne du bas |} '''Voir également''' [[meta:Wikipedia_DTD]], [[Aide:Guide d'utilisation des tableaux]] et [[Aide:Modèle]] == Commentaire == Attention, les commentaires dans les articles sont '''strictement''' réservés à la maintenance de la page. Les commentaires sur le contenu de l'article sont à mettre dans la page discussion attachée à l'article en question. <nowiki><!-- Note : Cette page est en cours de rédaction, veuillez patienter avant de l'éditer. --></nowiki> == Identification dans les pages de discussion == {| border="1" |----- | Seulement le pseudonyme:<br/> [[Utilisateur:Aoineko|Aoineko]] | <nowiki>~~~ (3 tildes)</nowiki> |----- | Pseudonyme et date:<br/> [[Utilisateur:Aoineko|Aoineko]] 03:17 Nov 8, 2002 (CET) | <nowiki>~~~~ (4 tildes)</nowiki> |----- | Date:<br/> 03:17 Nov 8, 2002 (CET) | <nowiki>~~~~~ (5 tildes)</nowiki> |} == Catégories == Pour la syntaxe propre à l'utilisation des catégories, voir l'article [[Aide:Catégorie]] {{Contribuer}} [[ar:ويكيبيديا:مساعدة التحرير]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Как се редактират страници]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Jak redigovat stránku]] [[da:Wikipedia:Hvordan redigerer jeg en side]] [[de:Wikipedia:Handbuch - Artikel bearbeiten]] [[el:Wikipedia:Πώς να επεξεργαστείτε μια σελίδα]] [[en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Kiel redakti pagxon]] [[es:Wikipedia:Cómo se edita una página]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kuinka_sivuja_muokataan]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Conas a cuirtear leathanach in eagar]] [[he:ויקיפדיה:איך לערוך דף]] [[hu:Wikipédia:Hogyan szerkessz egy lapot]] [[it:Wikipedia:Guida_essenziale]] [[ja:Wikipedia:編集の仕方]] [[minnan:Help:Editing]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cum să editezi o pagină]] [[ru:Как редактировать страницу]] [[simple:Wikipedia:How to edit]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Urejevanje slovenskih strani]] [[sr:Википедија:Како се мења страна]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Hur man redigerar en sida]] [[th:Wikipedia:การแก้ไขหน้า]] [[vi:Help:Sửa đổi]] [[zh-cn:Help:如何编辑页面]] [[zh-tw:Wikipedia:如何編輯頁面]] 4591 2005-02-02T21:51:05Z 80.218.21.70 [[Catégorie:Wikipedia:aide technique|Syntaxe wikipédia]] '''Vous parlez le lingala? Aidez à traduire cette page ou un seul paragraphe. Merci.''' Pour [[FAQ|mettre en forme]] vos articles, [[Wikipédia]] permet d'introduire certains codes&nbsp;; les plus courants sont: {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |''texte en italique'' |<nowiki>''texte en italique''</nowiki> (apostrophes et non guillemets) |- | '''texte en gras''' ||<nowiki>'''texte en gras'''</nowiki> |- |<ul><li>liste</li><li>à</li><li>puce</li></ul> |<nowiki>*</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>à<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>puce |- |<ol><li>liste</li><li>numérotée</li></ol> |<nowiki>#</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>#</nowiki>numérotée |- |<h2>Titre de section</h2> |<nowiki> ==Titre de section== </nowiki> |- |<h3>Titre de sous-section</h3> |<nowiki>===Titre de sous-section===</nowiki> |} Cet article vous présente la ''syntaxe propre à wikipédia''. Il résume sous la forme de tableaux les différentes mises en forme possibles. La colonne de droite indique les codes à saisir, et celle de gauche l'effet obtenu. Vous pouvez effectuer vos tests sur le [[Wikipedia:Esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]] qui est réservé à cet usage. == Table des matières == Une table des matières est créée automatiquement si l'article comporte plus de 3 titres ou sous-titres (au moins 4). Pour supprimer le sommaire automatique, il suffit de mettre quelque part <nowiki>__NOTOC__</nowiki>. Pour modifier l'emplacement de la table des matières : placer <nowiki>__NOTOC__</nowiki> en haut de la page, puis insérer <nowiki>__TOC__</nowiki> là où vous désirez voir apparaître la table. == Sections, paragraphes, listes et lignes == {| border="1" |----- | Pour les titres : <br/><br/> == Nouvelle section == === Nouvelle sous-section === ==== Nouveau paragraphe ==== Les notations ci-contre sont respectivement équivalentes à l'utilisation des balises html &lt;h2&gt;...&lt;/h2&gt;, &lt;h3&gt;...&lt;/h3&gt; et &lt;h4&gt;...&lt;/h4&gt;. | <tt> <nowiki>== Nouvelle section ==</nowiki><br/> <nowiki>=== Nouvelle sous-section ===</nowiki><br/> <nowiki>==== Nouveau paragraphe ====</nowiki></tt> |----- | Un simple saut à la ligne n'a aucun effet. <br/><br/> Mais une ligne vide permet de séparer les paragraphes. | <pre>Un simple saut à la ligne n'a aucun effet. Mais une ligne vide permet de séparer les paragraphes.</pre> |----- valign="top" | Voilà comment il faut faire<br/> pour aller à la ligne. | <pre>Voilà comment il faut faire<br /> pour aller à la ligne.</pre> |----- | * Les listes sont bien pratiques : ** Elles permettent d'organiser les données ** Elles embellissent le document | <pre>* Les listes sont bien pratiques :</pre> <pre>** Elles permettent d'organiser les données</pre> <pre>** Elles embellissent le document</pre> |----- | # Les listes numérotées sont également bien pratiques # Bien organisées ## Faciles à lire | <pre># Les listes numérotées sont également bien pratiques</pre> <pre># Bien organisées</pre> <pre>## Faciles à lire</pre> |----- | :Les lignes peuvent être ::indentées :::sur plusieurs niveaux | <pre>:Les lignes peuvent être</pre> <pre>::indentées</pre> <pre>:::sur plusieurs niveaux</pre> |----- | Avec tout cela, il est maintenant possible de mélanger les types de listes : *Une liste numérotée : :#Premier élément :#Second élément *d'autres branches à l'arborescence | <pre> *Une liste numérotée : :#Premier élément :#Second élément *d'autres branches à l'arborescence </pre> |----- | ; Listes de définitions : listes contenant des définitions ; Terme à expliquer : explication du terme | <pre>; Listes de définitions : listes contenant des définitions</pre> <pre>; Terme à expliquer : explication du terme</pre> |----- | En utilisant des balises (''tags'') HTML c'est plus beau (mais c'est plus difficile à mémoriser) : <ul> <li>Une liste numérotée : <ol> <li>Premier élément <li>Second élément </ol> <li>d'autres branches à l'arborescence </ul> ''Petit truc mnémotechnique :'' *'' ol = Liste Ordonnée (c'est à dire numérotée - Ordered List en anglais)''&nbsp;; *'' ul = Liste "Unordonnée" (Unordered List en anglais) ou plus prosaïquement liste à puces''&nbsp;; *'' li = élément d'une liste (List Item en anglais). | <pre>&lt;ul&gt;</pre> <pre> &lt;li&gt;Une liste numérotée :</pre> <pre> &lt;ol&gt;</pre> <pre> &lt;li&gt;Premier élément</pre> <pre> &lt;li&gt;Second élément</pre> <pre> &lt;/ol&gt;</pre> <pre> &lt;li&gt;d'autres branches à l'arborescence</pre> <pre>&lt;/ul&gt;</pre> |----- valign="top" | SI (une ligne commence par une espace) ALORS elle apparaîtra exactement telle qu'elle a été saisie&nbsp;; dans une police non proportionnelle&nbsp;; les sauts de ligne ne seront pas automatiques&nbsp;; FIN SI C'est bien utile pour : • copier/coller un texte pré-formaté&nbsp;; • des descriptions d'algorithmes&nbsp;; | <pre> SI (une ligne commence par une espace) ALORS elle apparaîtra exactement telle qu'elle a été saisie; dans une police non proportionnelle; les sauts de ligne ne seront pas automatiques ; FIN SI C'est bien utile pour : &amp;bull; copier/coller un texte pré-formaté ; <br/><br/> &amp;bull; des descriptions d'algorithmes ;</pre> |----- valign="top" | <center>Le texte peut être centré.</center> | <pre>&lt;center&gt;Le texte peut être centré.&lt;/center&gt;</pre> |----- | Une ligne horizontale : au-dessus ---- et en-dessous. | <pre>Une ligne horizontale : au-dessus</pre> <pre>----</pre> <pre>et en-dessous.</pre> |} == Liens, adresses internet et images == {| border="1" |----- | colspan="2" | === Les liens === |----- valign="top" | Lien vers [[Accueil]].<br/> La première lettre apparaît automatiquement en [[majuscule]].<br/> Les espaces sont convertis en 'underscores'.<br/> Pour créer une nouvelle page, créez d'abord un lien vers cette page, puis cliquez sur le lien en rouge qui apparaît. | <pre>Lien vers [[Accueil]].</pre> |----- valign="top" | Le même lien, mais avec un nom différent : [[Accueil|page d'accueil]].<br/> Les liens ne peuvent contenir que des lettres et des espaces ! | <pre>Le même lien, mais avec un nom différent : [[Accueil|page d'accueil]]</pre>; |----- valign="top" | [[La sexualité des mouches dans le Vercors oriental]] est une page qui n'existe pas encore.<br/> Vous pouvez la créer en cliquant simplement sur le lien.<br/> Après l'avoir créée, faites une recherche sur son titre, et assurez-vous que les autres articles y font correctement référence. | <tt><nowiki>[[La sexualité des mouches dans le Vercors oriental]]</nowiki> est une page qui n'existe pas encore.</tt> |----- valign="top" | Pour les pages d'[[Wikipédia:Homonymie|homonymie]], il existe un raccourci pour cacher le domaine :<br/> la planète [[Jupiter (planète)|Jupiter]] | <tt><nowiki>la planète [[Jupiter (planète)|]]</nowiki></tt> |----- valign="top" | Pour référencer les pages utilisateur, il existe un raccourci pour éviter de taper deux fois le nom : [[Utilisateur:Dupont|Dupont]] est équivalent à [[Utilisateur:Dupont|Dupont]] | <tt><nowiki>[[Utilisateur:Dupont|]] est équivalent à [[Utilisateur:Dupont|Dupont]]</nowiki></tt> |----- valign="top" | Lien vers les commentaires associés à cette page ou à une page du domaine Wikipédia : [[Discussion Wikipédia:Comment modifier une page]]<br/> Lien vers une discussion d'une page normale du Wikipédia [[Discuter:Accueil]]<br/> | <tt>Lien vers les commentaires associés à cette page ou a une page du domaine Wikipédia : <nowiki>[[Discussion_Wikipédia:Comment modifier une page]]</nowiki><br/> Lien vers une discussion d'une page normale du Wikipédia <nowiki>[[Discuter:Accueil]]</nowiki></tt><br/> |----- valign="top" | [[Wikipédia:Redirection|Redirection]] d'une page vers une autre en mettant ce texte dans la première ligne. | <pre>#REDIRECT [[France]]</pre> |----- valign="top" | Il existe une notation pour référencer une page sur un Wikipédia dans une autre langue : [[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] <br/><br/> On peut ici aussi utiliser la barre verticale pour afficher un texte différent du titre de l'article pointé : [[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page|Cette page en anglais]] <br/><br/> Attention, ici la barre verticale seule en fin de lien ne permet pas de réduire le texte affiché au strict nécessaire : [[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page|en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] | <tt><nowiki>[[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page]]</nowiki> <br/><br/> <nowiki>[[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page|Cette page en anglais]]</nowiki> <br/><br/> <nowiki>[[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page|]]</nowiki> </tt> |----- valign="top" | Pour référencer un mot sur [[Wiktionary]] : [[wikt:Mot]] <br/><br/> On peut ici aussi utiliser la barre verticale pour afficher un texte différent du titre de l'article pointé : [[wikt:Mot|Mot]] ou directement [[wikt:Mot|Mot]] <br/><br/> On peut aussi référencer un mot sur un wiktionary dans une autre langue: [[wikt:en:Word]] ou [[Wikt:en:Word|Word]] | <tt><nowiki>[[wikt:Mot]]</nowiki> <br/><br/> <nowiki>[[wikt:Mot|Mot]]</nowiki> ou directement <nowiki>[[wikt:Mot|]]</nowiki> <br/><br/> <nowiki>[[wikt:en:Word]]</nowiki> ou <nowiki>[[wikt:en:Word|Word]]</nowiki> </tt> |----- | colspan="2" | === Les liens internes, les ancres === |----- valign="top" | Les ancres : <font id="ancre_1">ancre 1.</font> <font id="ancre_2">ancre 2.</font> Ces deux lignes sont des ancres vers lesquelles des liens internes à cette pages peuvent pointer. Des liens de pages externes aussi, d'ailleurs. | <pre><nowiki><font id="ancre_1">ancre 1.</font> <font id="ancre_2">ancre 2.</font></nowiki></pre> remarquer que la balise <nowiki><font></nowiki> n'est effectivement pas censée avoir d'effet de mise en forme. Elle n'est là que parce qu'il est nécessaire d'utiliser une balise HTML afin d'y placer un paramètre ''id'' qui indique le nom de l'ancre. Ça devrait pouvoir être n'importe quelle balise HTML que le wiki reconnaît. |----- valign="top" | Les liens vers des ancres externes sont des liens normaux qui pointent vers une ancre de la page vers laquelle ils dirigent. [[Wikipédia:Syntaxe wikipédia/Lien ancré#ancre_1|lien]] vers l'ancre 1 externe. [[Wikipédia:Syntaxe wikipédia/Lien ancré#ancre_2|lien]] vers l'ancre 2 externe. Ces deux ancres se trouvent sur la [[Wikipédia:Syntaxe wikipédia/Lien ancré|page d'explication des liens ancrés]]. | <pre><nowiki>[[Wikipédia:Syntaxe wikipédia/Lien ancré#ancre_1|lien]] vers l'ancre 1 externe. [[Wikipédia:Syntaxe wikipédia/Lien ancré#ancre_2|lien]] vers l'ancre 2 externe.</nowiki></pre> On crée un lien normalement, en ajoutant un dièse (#) suivi du nom de l'ancre vers laquelle le lien pointe à la fin du nom de la page pointée. |----- valign="top" | Les liens internes sont des liens normaux qui pointent vers des ancres de la page courante : [[#ancre_1|lien vers l'ancre 1]]. [[#ancre_2|lien vers l'ancre 2]]. | <pre><nowiki>[[#ancre_1|lien vers l'ancre 1]]. [[#ancre_2|lien vers l'ancre 2]].</nowiki></pre> Le nom de la page courante est toutefois implicite. |----- | colspan="2" | === Les adresses internet === |----- valign="top" | Lien externe : [http://www.nupedia.com Nupedia] | <pre>Lien externe : [http://www.nupedia.com Nupedia]</pre> |----- valign="top" | Mais l'adresse internet suffit : http://www.nupedia.com.<br/> (Bien pratique si on veut imprimer la page.) | <pre>Mais l'adresse internet suffit : http://www.nupedia.com.</pre> |----- | Il existe toute une liste de ''préfixes'' utilisables ainsi: <nowiki>[[prefixe:valeur]]</nowiki>.<br/>Une liste complète est disponible sur [[m:Interwiki map]] (en anglais) | Exemple: <nowiki>[[google:Wikipédia]]</nowiki> donne [[google:Wikipédia|ceci]] |----- | colspan="2" | === Les images === |----- valign="top" | '''Insérer une image :''' [[Image:Wiki-exemple.png]]<br/> Pour ajouter une image, vous devez d'abord la copier sur le serveur, ce qui suppose de vous connecter comme utilisateur identifié, vous pouvez alors accéder à la page de copie sur le serveur : http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Premiers_pas<br/> <br/> Il faut ensuite placer le lien de l'image dans votre article.<br/> NE FAITES PAS de liens externes vers des fichiers se trouvant sur un serveur dont vous ne contrôlez pas le contenu ! Pour l'accessibilité des mal-voyants, il est conseillé d'ajouter le "nom de l'image", ceci permet au lecteur vocal ou à la tablette braille de fournir un descriptif parlant, là où il y a une image. Voir [[Wikipédia:Règles d'utilisation des images]] pour de plus amples informations à ce sujet. | <pre><nowiki>[[Image:Wiki-exemple.png]]</nowiki></pre> ou <br/> <pre><nowiki>[[Image:Wiki-exemple.png|nom de l'image]]</nowiki></pre> |----- | '''Faire "flotter" une image'''<br/><br/> [[Image:Wiki-exemple.png|left]] Quand une image n'occupe pas la largeur de la page, il peut être agréable de la placer à gauche et que le texte s'écrive le long de celle-ci du côté droit.<br/> Pour cela, il vous suffit de recopier le code ci-contre à l'endroit où vous souhaitez voir l'image et de remplacer les parties en italique par le lien vers l'image et par la légende de l'image.<br/><br/> Si vous souhaitez placer l'image du côté droit, remplacer ''left'' par ''right''<br/> | <tt><nowiki>[[</nowiki>Image:<i>nom-image.png</i>|left|<i>Légende</i>]]<br/> Quand une image n'occupe pas la largeur de la page ... </tt> |----- | '''Faire "flotter" plusieurs images'''<br/> [[Image:Icon_no.png|left]][[Image: Icon_yes.png|left]]Plusieurs images qui "flottent" à la suite elles se positionnent les unes à coté des autres. <div style="float:right;padding:15px">[[Image:Icon_no.png]]<br/>[[Image: Icon_yes.png]]</div>Il est possible de forcer l'affichage d'images les unes en dessous des autres. Pour un meilleur rendu, cette astuce est à utiliser avec des images qui font la même largeur (voir ci dessous "Syntaxe étendue pour les images" pour imposer la taille des images). | <nowiki>[[Image:Icon_no.png|left]][[Image:Icon_yes.png|left]]</nowiki> Pour faire flotter un à coté de l'autre. <nowiki><div style="float:right;">[[Image:Icon_no.png]]<br/>[[Image: Icon_yes.png]]</div></nowiki> Pour faire flotter l'un en dessous de l'autre. |----- | colspan="2" | === Syntaxe étendue pour les images === |----- valign="top" | Une syntaxe étendue permet de contrôler la taille et la position des images:<br/> Les options disponibles sont les suivantes (si plusieurs options sont présentes, elles doivent être séparées par un signe <tt>|</tt>; il faut un <tt>|</tt> après la dernière option même si il n'y a pas de légende):<br/> *<tt>thumb</tt> ou <tt>thumbnail</tt> :permet de générer automatiquement une version réduite de l'image, dans un cadre. Par défaut, l'image sera alignée à droite. La légende, si présente, sera placée en dessous de l'image; une "icône loupe" placé à droite permet d'accéder à l'image en grandeur réelle. *<tt>framed</tt> :l'image est placée dans un cadre, comme avec l'option <tt>thumb</tt>, et accepte donc une légende mais n'est disponible que dans sa taille normale et l'"icône loupe" est donc absente. *<tt>right</tt> :permet d'aligner l'image à droite. Peut s'utiliser avec ou sans l'option <tt>thumb</tt>. *<tt>center</tt> :permet de centrer l'image. Peut s'utiliser avec ou sans l'option <tt>thumb</tt>. *<tt>left</tt> :permet d'aligner l'image à gauche. Peut s'utiliser avec ou sans l'option <tt>thumb</tt>. *<tt>none</tt> :permet de supprimer l'alignement par defaut. Cette option est surtout utile pour les images insérées dans un tableau. *<tt>''largeur'' px</tt> :permet de specifier la largeur de la version réduite. L'image affichée gardera le même aspect que l'image grandeur réelle. | <tt><nowiki>[[</nowiki>Image:''nom de l'image''|''options''|''légende'']] |} == Mise en forme des caractères == {| border="1" |----- valign="top" | ''Faire ressortir un mot'', '''un peu plus''', '''''encore plus'''''.<br/> À utiliser également dans les formules : '''F''' = ''m'' '''a'''. | <pre>''Faire ressortir un mot'', '''un peu plus''', '''''encore plus'''''. '''F''' = ''m'' '''a'''.</pre> |----- | <font size="+1" color="red">Polices amusantes</font><br/> Mais <code>== ... ==</code> est plus approprié pour séparer des sections. | <pre>&lt;font size="+2" color="red"&gt;Polices amusantes&lt;/font&gt;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Police machine à écrire pour les <tt>termes techniques</tt>. | <pre>&lt;tt&gt;termes techniques&lt;/tt&gt;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Vous pouvez <strike>barrer</strike> certains mots<br/> et <u>en souligner d'autres...</u>. Pratique ... | <pre>Vous pouvez &lt;strike&gt;barrer&lt;/strike&gt; certains mots et &lt;u&gt;en souligner d'autres...&lt;/u&gt;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Umlauts et accents : (cf [[Aide:Caractères spéciaux]] et [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Special_Characters Wiki special characters] (en anglais)<br/> À Á Â Ã Ä Å Æ <br/> Ç È É Ê Ë Ì Í <br/> Î Ï Ñ Ò Ó Ô Õ Œ<br/> Ö Ø Ù Ú Û Ü ß <br/> à á â ã ä å æ <br/> ç è é ê ë ì í <br/> î ï ñ ò ó ô õ œ<br/> ö ø ù ú û ü ÿ<br/> Note : depuis le passage à l'[[unicode]] on peut aussi parfaitement écrire les caractères spéciaux directement sans aucun souci. | <pre> &amp;Agrave; &amp;Aacute; &amp;Acirc; &amp;Atilde; &amp;Auml; &amp;Aring; &amp;AElig; &amp;Ccedil; &amp;Egrave; &amp;Eacute; &amp;Ecirc; &amp;Euml; &amp;Igrave; &amp;Iacute; &amp;Icirc; &amp;Iuml; &amp;Ntilde; &amp;Ograve; &amp;Oacute; &amp;Ocirc; &amp;Otilde; &amp;OElig; &amp;Ouml; &amp;Oslash; &amp;Ugrave; &amp;Uacute; &amp;Ucirc; &amp;Uuml; &amp;szlig; &amp;agrave; &amp;aacute; &amp;acirc; &amp;atilde; &amp;auml; &amp;aring; &amp;aelig; &amp;ccedil; &amp;egrave; &amp;eacute; &amp;ecirc; &amp;euml; &amp;igrave; &amp;iacute; &amp;icirc; &amp;iuml; &amp;ntilde; &amp;ograve; &amp;oacute; &amp;ocirc; &amp;otilde; &amp;oelig; &amp;ouml; &amp;oslash; &amp;ugrave; &amp;uacute; &amp;ucirc; &amp;uuml; &amp;yuml;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Ponctuations : ¿ ¡ « » § ¶<br/> † ‡ • | <pre>&amp;iquest; &amp;iexcl; &amp;laquo; &amp;raquo; &amp;sect; &amp;para; &amp;dagger; &amp;Dagger; &amp;bull; </pre> |----- valign="top" | Caractères spéciaux : ™ © ® ¢ € ¥ £ ¤ | <pre>&amp;trade; &amp;copy; &amp;reg; &amp;cent; &amp;euro; &amp;yen; &amp;pound; &amp;curren; </pre> |----- valign="top" | Indice (subscript en anglais) : x<sub>2</sub> et<br/> Exposant (superscript en anglais) : x<sup>2</sup> | <pre>Indice : x&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; et Exposant : x&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Caractères grecs : α β γ δ ε ζ η<br/> θ ι κ λ μ ν ξ <br/> π ρ σ ς τ υ φ<br/> χ ψ ω <br/> Γ Δ Θ Λ Ξ Π Σ <br/> Φ Ψ Ω | <pre>&amp;alpha; &amp;beta; &amp;gamma; &amp;delta; &amp;epsilon; &amp;zeta; &amp;eta; &amp;theta; &amp;iota; &amp;kappa; &amp;lambda; &amp;mu; &amp;nu; &amp;xi; &amp;pi; &amp;rho; &amp;sigma; &amp;sigmaf; &amp;tau; &amp;upsilon; &amp;phi; &amp;chi; &amp;psi; &amp;omega; &amp;Gamma; &amp;Delta; &amp;Theta; &amp;Lambda; &amp;Xi; &amp;Pi; &amp;Sigma; &amp;Phi; &amp;Psi; &amp;Omega; </pre> |----- valign="top" | Caractères mathématiques : (cf. [[Wikipedia:Caractères spéciaux]] et [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Special_Characters Wiki special characters] (en anglais)) <br/> ∫ ∑ ∏ √ ± ∞ <br/> ≈ ∝ ≡ ≠ ≤ ≥ → <br/> × · ÷ ∂ ′ ″ ∇ <br/> ‰ ° ∴ ℵ<br/> ø ∈ ∋ ∩ ∪ ⊂ ⊃ ⊆ ⊇<br/> ¬ ∧ ∨ ∃ ∀ ⇒ ⇔ | valign="middle" | <pre>&amp;int; &amp;sum; &amp;prod; &amp;radic; &amp;plusmn; &amp;infin; &amp;asymp; &amp;prop; &amp;equiv; &amp;ne; &amp;le; &amp;ge; &amp;rarr; &amp;times; &amp;middot; &amp;divide; &amp;part; &amp;prime; &amp;Prime; &amp;nabla; &amp;permil; &amp;deg; &amp;there4; &amp;alefsym; &amp;oslash; &amp;isin; &amp;ni; &amp;cap; &amp;cup; &amp;sub; &amp;sup; &amp;sube; &amp;supe; &amp;not; &amp;and; &amp;or; &amp;exist; &amp;forall; &amp;rArr; &amp;hArr;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Plus d'espace que d'habitude, sans saut de ligne : x<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;≥&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;0 est vrai.<br/> Utile pour les formules. | <pre>;x<sup>2</sup>&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;ge;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;0 </pre> |----- | ASCII art (Commencer chaque ligne par un blanc) :<br/> ∞ -x<sup>2</sup> ∫ e dx = √π -∞ Malgré tout, la racine carrée est très moche. | <pre> &amp;infin; -x<sup>2</sup> &amp;int; e dx = &amp;radic;&amp;pi; -&amp;infin;</pre> |----- | Formules mathématiques compliquées :<br/> &nbsp;&nbsp;<math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}</math> * Voir [[Wikipédia:Formules TeX]] | <pre><nowiki> <math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}</math> </nowiki></pre> |----- | Suppression de l'interprétation du ''markup'' :<br/> <nowiki>Lien → (<i>vers</i>) la [[Wikipédia:FAQ]]</nowiki> * Est utilisé pour montrer littéralement des données qui autrement auraient une signification spéciale. * Tous les ''markup'' wiki sont ignorés, y compris ceux ressemblant à des tags HTML. * Les caractères HTML spéciaux sont toujours interprétés. | <pre><nowiki><nowiki>Lien → (<i>vers</i>) la [[Wikipédia:FAQ]]</nowiki></nowiki></pre> |} == Tableaux == Le logiciel permet d'utiliser deux syntaxes: # la "Wiki" expliquée dans la sous-page: [[Aide:Syntaxe wikipédia/tableaux]] # "classique" utilisant le [[Hypertext markup language|HTML]] mais dont l'usage est déprécié. {| border="1" |+ Un exemple de tableau |- ! Premier en-tête ! Deuxième en-tête ! Troisième en-tête |- | Haut gauche || Haut milieu || rowspan="2" | Côté droit |- | Bas gauche || Bas milieu |- | colspan="3" align="center" | ligne du bas |} '''Voir également''' [[meta:Wikipedia_DTD]], [[Aide:Guide d'utilisation des tableaux]] et [[Aide:Modèle]] == Commentaire == Attention, les commentaires dans les articles sont '''strictement''' réservés à la maintenance de la page. Les commentaires sur le contenu de l'article sont à mettre dans la page discussion attachée à l'article en question. <nowiki><!-- Note : Cette page est en cours de rédaction, veuillez patienter avant de l'éditer. --></nowiki> == Identification dans les pages de discussion == {| border="1" |----- | Seulement le pseudonyme:<br/> [[Utilisateur:Aoineko|Aoineko]] | <nowiki>~~~ (3 tildes)</nowiki> |----- | Pseudonyme et date:<br/> [[Utilisateur:Aoineko|Aoineko]] 03:17 Nov 8, 2002 (CET) | <nowiki>~~~~ (4 tildes)</nowiki> |----- | Date:<br/> 03:17 Nov 8, 2002 (CET) | <nowiki>~~~~~ (5 tildes)</nowiki> |} == Catégories == Pour la syntaxe propre à l'utilisation des catégories, voir l'article [[Aide:Catégorie]] {{Contribuer}} [[ar:ويكيبيديا:مساعدة التحرير]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Как се редактират страници]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Jak redigovat stránku]] [[da:Wikipedia:Hvordan redigerer jeg en side]] [[de:Wikipedia:Handbuch - Artikel bearbeiten]] [[el:Wikipedia:Πώς να επεξεργαστείτε μια σελίδα]] [[en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Kiel redakti pagxon]] [[es:Wikipedia:Cómo se edita una página]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kuinka_sivuja_muokataan]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Conas a cuirtear leathanach in eagar]] [[he:ויקיפדיה:איך לערוך דף]] [[hu:Wikipédia:Hogyan szerkessz egy lapot]] [[it:Wikipedia:Guida_essenziale]] [[ja:Wikipedia:編集の仕方]] [[minnan:Help:Editing]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cum să editezi o pagină]] [[ru:Как редактировать страницу]] [[simple:Wikipedia:How to edit]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Urejevanje slovenskih strani]] [[sr:Википедија:Како се мења страна]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Hur man redigerar en sida]] [[th:Wikipedia:การแก้ไขหน้า]] [[vi:Help:Sửa đổi]] [[zh-cn:Help:如何编辑页面]] [[zh-tw:Wikipedia:如何編輯頁面]] 9117 2006-08-15T12:54:13Z Bombo 12 [[Catégorie:Wikipedia:aide technique|Syntaxe wikipédia]] '''Vous parlez le lingala? Aidez à traduire cette page ou un seul paragraphe. Merci.''' Pour [[FAQ|mettre en forme]] vos articles, [[Wikipédia]] permet d'introduire certains codes&nbsp;; les plus courants sont: {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |''texte en italique'' |<nowiki>''texte en italique''</nowiki> (apostrophes et non guillemets) |- | '''texte en gras''' ||<nowiki>'''texte en gras'''</nowiki> |- |<ul><li>liste</li><li>à</li><li>puce</li></ul> |<nowiki>*</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>à<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>puce |- |<ol><li>liste</li><li>numérotée</li></ol> |<nowiki>#</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>#</nowiki>numérotée |- |<h2>Titre de section</h2> |<nowiki> ==Titre de section== </nowiki> |- |<h3>Titre de sous-section</h3> |<nowiki>===Titre de sous-section===</nowiki> |} Cet article vous présente la ''syntaxe propre à wikipédia''. Il résume sous la forme de tableaux les différentes mises en forme possibles. La colonne de droite indique les codes à saisir, et celle de gauche l'effet obtenu. Vous pouvez effectuer vos tests sur le [[Wikipedia:Esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]] qui est réservé à cet usage. == Table des matières == Une table des matières est créée automatiquement si l'article comporte plus de 3 titres ou sous-titres (au moins 4). Pour supprimer le sommaire automatique, il suffit de mettre quelque part <nowiki>__NOTOC__</nowiki>. Pour modifier l'emplacement de la table des matières : placer <nowiki>__NOTOC__</nowiki> en haut de la page, puis insérer <nowiki>__TOC__</nowiki> là où vous désirez voir apparaître la table. == Sections, paragraphes, listes et lignes == {| border="1" |----- | Pour les titres : <br/><br/> == Nouvelle section == === Nouvelle sous-section === ==== Nouveau paragraphe ==== Les notations ci-contre sont respectivement équivalentes à l'utilisation des balises html &lt;h2&gt;...&lt;/h2&gt;, &lt;h3&gt;...&lt;/h3&gt; et &lt;h4&gt;...&lt;/h4&gt;. | <tt> <nowiki>== Nouvelle section ==</nowiki><br/> <nowiki>=== Nouvelle sous-section ===</nowiki><br/> <nowiki>==== Nouveau paragraphe ====</nowiki></tt> |----- | Un simple saut à la ligne n'a aucun effet. <br/><br/> Mais une ligne vide permet de séparer les paragraphes. | <pre>Un simple saut à la ligne n'a aucun effet. Mais une ligne vide permet de séparer les paragraphes.</pre> |----- valign="top" | Voilà comment il faut faire<br/> pour aller à la ligne. | <pre>Voilà comment il faut faire<br /> pour aller à la ligne.</pre> |----- | * Les listes sont bien pratiques : ** Elles permettent d'organiser les données ** Elles embellissent le document | <pre>* Les listes sont bien pratiques :</pre> <pre>** Elles permettent d'organiser les données</pre> <pre>** Elles embellissent le document</pre> |----- | # Les listes numérotées sont également bien pratiques # Bien organisées ## Faciles à lire | <pre># Les listes numérotées sont également bien pratiques</pre> <pre># Bien organisées</pre> <pre>## Faciles à lire</pre> |----- | :Les lignes peuvent être ::indentées :::sur plusieurs niveaux | <pre>:Les lignes peuvent être</pre> <pre>::indentées</pre> <pre>:::sur plusieurs niveaux</pre> |----- | Avec tout cela, il est maintenant possible de mélanger les types de listes : *Une liste numérotée : :#Premier élément :#Second élément *d'autres branches à l'arborescence | <pre> *Une liste numérotée : :#Premier élément :#Second élément *d'autres branches à l'arborescence </pre> |----- | ; Listes de définitions : listes contenant des définitions ; Terme à expliquer : explication du terme | <pre>; Listes de définitions : listes contenant des définitions</pre> <pre>; Terme à expliquer : explication du terme</pre> |----- | En utilisant des balises (''tags'') HTML c'est plus beau (mais c'est plus difficile à mémoriser) : <ul> <li>Une liste numérotée : <ol> <li>Premier élément <li>Second élément </ol> <li>d'autres branches à l'arborescence </ul> ''Petit truc mnémotechnique :'' *'' ol = Liste Ordonnée (c'est à dire numérotée - Ordered List en anglais)''&nbsp;; *'' ul = Liste "Unordonnée" (Unordered List en anglais) ou plus prosaïquement liste à puces''&nbsp;; *'' li = élément d'une liste (List Item en anglais). | <pre>&lt;ul&gt;</pre> <pre> &lt;li&gt;Une liste numérotée :</pre> <pre> &lt;ol&gt;</pre> <pre> &lt;li&gt;Premier élément</pre> <pre> &lt;li&gt;Second élément</pre> <pre> &lt;/ol&gt;</pre> <pre> &lt;li&gt;d'autres branches à l'arborescence</pre> <pre>&lt;/ul&gt;</pre> |----- valign="top" | SI (une ligne commence par une espace) ALORS elle apparaîtra exactement telle qu'elle a été saisie&nbsp;; dans une police non proportionnelle&nbsp;; les sauts de ligne ne seront pas automatiques&nbsp;; FIN SI C'est bien utile pour : • copier/coller un texte pré-formaté&nbsp;; • des descriptions d'algorithmes&nbsp;; | <pre> SI (une ligne commence par une espace) ALORS elle apparaîtra exactement telle qu'elle a été saisie; dans une police non proportionnelle; les sauts de ligne ne seront pas automatiques ; FIN SI C'est bien utile pour : &amp;bull; copier/coller un texte pré-formaté ; <br/><br/> &amp;bull; des descriptions d'algorithmes ;</pre> |----- valign="top" | <center>Le texte peut être centré.</center> | <pre>&lt;center&gt;Le texte peut être centré.&lt;/center&gt;</pre> |----- | Une ligne horizontale : au-dessus ---- et en-dessous. | <pre>Une ligne horizontale : au-dessus</pre> <pre>----</pre> <pre>et en-dessous.</pre> |} ==Sourcres et littérature== A la fin de votre article, ajouté les références et vos sources. Pour créer des notes en bas de page,<ref> Exemple de note en bas de page.</ref> ajoutez les simplement entre <nowiki> <ref> </nowiki> et <nowiki> </ref> </nowiki> au lieu juste dans le texte. Wikipedia les mets automatiquement au juste endroit en bas de la page, la oú se trouve <nowiki> <references/> </nowiki>. {| | ==Tála mpé== ===Nkásá o libándá=== ===Littérature=== * Nom Postnom, Prénom: ''Titre du livre''. Lieu: Éditeur, Année. ===Sources=== <references/> |<nowiki>==Tála mpé== </nowiki><br/><br/><nowiki> ===Nkásá o libándá=== </nowiki><br/><br/><nowiki> ===Littérature=== </nowiki><br/><nowiki> * Nom Postnom, Prénom: ''Titre du livre''. Lieu: Éditeur, Année. </nowiki><br/><br/><nowiki> ===Sources=== </nowiki><br/><nowiki> <references/> </nowiki> |} == Liens, adresses internet et images == {| border="1" |----- | colspan="2" | === Les liens === |----- valign="top" | Lien vers [[Accueil]].<br/> La première lettre apparaît automatiquement en [[majuscule]].<br/> Les espaces sont convertis en 'underscores'.<br/> Pour créer une nouvelle page, créez d'abord un lien vers cette page, puis cliquez sur le lien en rouge qui apparaît. | <pre>Lien vers [[Accueil]].</pre> |----- valign="top" | Le même lien, mais avec un nom différent : [[Accueil|page d'accueil]].<br/> Les liens ne peuvent contenir que des lettres et des espaces ! | <pre>Le même lien, mais avec un nom différent : [[Accueil|page d'accueil]]</pre>; |----- valign="top" | [[La sexualité des mouches dans le Vercors oriental]] est une page qui n'existe pas encore.<br/> Vous pouvez la créer en cliquant simplement sur le lien.<br/> Après l'avoir créée, faites une recherche sur son titre, et assurez-vous que les autres articles y font correctement référence. | <tt><nowiki>[[La sexualité des mouches dans le Vercors oriental]]</nowiki> est une page qui n'existe pas encore.</tt> |----- valign="top" | Pour les pages d'[[Wikipédia:Homonymie|homonymie]], il existe un raccourci pour cacher le domaine :<br/> la planète [[Jupiter (planète)|Jupiter]] | <tt><nowiki>la planète [[Jupiter (planète)|]]</nowiki></tt> |----- valign="top" | Pour référencer les pages utilisateur, il existe un raccourci pour éviter de taper deux fois le nom : [[Utilisateur:Dupont|Dupont]] est équivalent à [[Utilisateur:Dupont|Dupont]] | <tt><nowiki>[[Utilisateur:Dupont|]] est équivalent à [[Utilisateur:Dupont|Dupont]]</nowiki></tt> |----- valign="top" | Lien vers les commentaires associés à cette page ou à une page du domaine Wikipédia : [[Discussion Wikipédia:Comment modifier une page]]<br/> Lien vers une discussion d'une page normale du Wikipédia [[Discuter:Accueil]]<br/> | <tt>Lien vers les commentaires associés à cette page ou a une page du domaine Wikipédia : <nowiki>[[Discussion_Wikipédia:Comment modifier une page]]</nowiki><br/> Lien vers une discussion d'une page normale du Wikipédia <nowiki>[[Discuter:Accueil]]</nowiki></tt><br/> |----- valign="top" | [[Wikipédia:Redirection|Redirection]] d'une page vers une autre en mettant ce texte dans la première ligne. | <pre>#REDIRECT [[France]]</pre> |----- valign="top" | Il existe une notation pour référencer une page sur un Wikipédia dans une autre langue : [[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] <br/><br/> On peut ici aussi utiliser la barre verticale pour afficher un texte différent du titre de l'article pointé : [[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page|Cette page en anglais]] <br/><br/> Attention, ici la barre verticale seule en fin de lien ne permet pas de réduire le texte affiché au strict nécessaire : [[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page|en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] | <tt><nowiki>[[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page]]</nowiki> <br/><br/> <nowiki>[[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page|Cette page en anglais]]</nowiki> <br/><br/> <nowiki>[[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page|]]</nowiki> </tt> |----- valign="top" | Pour référencer un mot sur [[Wiktionary]] : [[wikt:Mot]] <br/><br/> On peut ici aussi utiliser la barre verticale pour afficher un texte différent du titre de l'article pointé : [[wikt:Mot|Mot]] ou directement [[wikt:Mot|Mot]] <br/><br/> On peut aussi référencer un mot sur un wiktionary dans une autre langue: [[wikt:en:Word]] ou [[Wikt:en:Word|Word]] | <tt><nowiki>[[wikt:Mot]]</nowiki> <br/><br/> <nowiki>[[wikt:Mot|Mot]]</nowiki> ou directement <nowiki>[[wikt:Mot|]]</nowiki> <br/><br/> <nowiki>[[wikt:en:Word]]</nowiki> ou <nowiki>[[wikt:en:Word|Word]]</nowiki> </tt> |----- | colspan="2" | === Les liens internes, les ancres === |----- valign="top" | Les ancres : <font id="ancre_1">ancre 1.</font> <font id="ancre_2">ancre 2.</font> Ces deux lignes sont des ancres vers lesquelles des liens internes à cette pages peuvent pointer. Des liens de pages externes aussi, d'ailleurs. | <pre><nowiki><font id="ancre_1">ancre 1.</font> <font id="ancre_2">ancre 2.</font></nowiki></pre> remarquer que la balise <nowiki><font></nowiki> n'est effectivement pas censée avoir d'effet de mise en forme. Elle n'est là que parce qu'il est nécessaire d'utiliser une balise HTML afin d'y placer un paramètre ''id'' qui indique le nom de l'ancre. Ça devrait pouvoir être n'importe quelle balise HTML que le wiki reconnaît. |----- valign="top" | Les liens vers des ancres externes sont des liens normaux qui pointent vers une ancre de la page vers laquelle ils dirigent. [[Wikipédia:Syntaxe wikipédia/Lien ancré#ancre_1|lien]] vers l'ancre 1 externe. [[Wikipédia:Syntaxe wikipédia/Lien ancré#ancre_2|lien]] vers l'ancre 2 externe. Ces deux ancres se trouvent sur la [[Wikipédia:Syntaxe wikipédia/Lien ancré|page d'explication des liens ancrés]]. | <pre><nowiki>[[Wikipédia:Syntaxe wikipédia/Lien ancré#ancre_1|lien]] vers l'ancre 1 externe. [[Wikipédia:Syntaxe wikipédia/Lien ancré#ancre_2|lien]] vers l'ancre 2 externe.</nowiki></pre> On crée un lien normalement, en ajoutant un dièse (#) suivi du nom de l'ancre vers laquelle le lien pointe à la fin du nom de la page pointée. |----- valign="top" | Les liens internes sont des liens normaux qui pointent vers des ancres de la page courante : [[#ancre_1|lien vers l'ancre 1]]. [[#ancre_2|lien vers l'ancre 2]]. | <pre><nowiki>[[#ancre_1|lien vers l'ancre 1]]. [[#ancre_2|lien vers l'ancre 2]].</nowiki></pre> Le nom de la page courante est toutefois implicite. |----- | colspan="2" | === Les adresses internet === |----- valign="top" | Lien externe : [http://www.nupedia.com Nupedia] | <pre>Lien externe : [http://www.nupedia.com Nupedia]</pre> |----- valign="top" | Mais l'adresse internet suffit : http://www.nupedia.com.<br/> (Bien pratique si on veut imprimer la page.) | <pre>Mais l'adresse internet suffit : http://www.nupedia.com.</pre> |----- | Il existe toute une liste de ''préfixes'' utilisables ainsi: <nowiki>[[prefixe:valeur]]</nowiki>.<br/>Une liste complète est disponible sur [[m:Interwiki map]] (en anglais) | Exemple: <nowiki>[[google:Wikipédia]]</nowiki> donne [[google:Wikipédia|ceci]] |----- | colspan="2" | === Les images === |----- valign="top" | '''Insérer une image :''' [[Image:Wiki-exemple.png]]<br/> Pour ajouter une image, vous devez d'abord la copier sur le serveur, ce qui suppose de vous connecter comme utilisateur identifié, vous pouvez alors accéder à la page de copie sur le serveur : http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Premiers_pas<br/> <br/> Il faut ensuite placer le lien de l'image dans votre article.<br/> NE FAITES PAS de liens externes vers des fichiers se trouvant sur un serveur dont vous ne contrôlez pas le contenu ! Pour l'accessibilité des mal-voyants, il est conseillé d'ajouter le "nom de l'image", ceci permet au lecteur vocal ou à la tablette braille de fournir un descriptif parlant, là où il y a une image. Voir [[Wikipédia:Règles d'utilisation des images]] pour de plus amples informations à ce sujet. | <pre><nowiki>[[Image:Wiki-exemple.png]]</nowiki></pre> ou <br/> <pre><nowiki>[[Image:Wiki-exemple.png|nom de l'image]]</nowiki></pre> |----- | '''Faire "flotter" une image'''<br/><br/> [[Image:Wiki-exemple.png|left]] Quand une image n'occupe pas la largeur de la page, il peut être agréable de la placer à gauche et que le texte s'écrive le long de celle-ci du côté droit.<br/> Pour cela, il vous suffit de recopier le code ci-contre à l'endroit où vous souhaitez voir l'image et de remplacer les parties en italique par le lien vers l'image et par la légende de l'image.<br/><br/> Si vous souhaitez placer l'image du côté droit, remplacer ''left'' par ''right''<br/> | <tt><nowiki>[[</nowiki>Image:<i>nom-image.png</i>|left|<i>Légende</i>]]<br/> Quand une image n'occupe pas la largeur de la page ... </tt> |----- | '''Faire "flotter" plusieurs images'''<br/> [[Image:Icon_no.png|left]][[Image: Icon_yes.png|left]]Plusieurs images qui "flottent" à la suite elles se positionnent les unes à coté des autres. <div style="float:right;padding:15px">[[Image:Icon_no.png]]<br/>[[Image: Icon_yes.png]]</div>Il est possible de forcer l'affichage d'images les unes en dessous des autres. Pour un meilleur rendu, cette astuce est à utiliser avec des images qui font la même largeur (voir ci dessous "Syntaxe étendue pour les images" pour imposer la taille des images). | <nowiki>[[Image:Icon_no.png|left]][[Image:Icon_yes.png|left]]</nowiki> Pour faire flotter un à coté de l'autre. <nowiki><div style="float:right;">[[Image:Icon_no.png]]<br/>[[Image: Icon_yes.png]]</div></nowiki> Pour faire flotter l'un en dessous de l'autre. |----- | colspan="2" | === Syntaxe étendue pour les images === |----- valign="top" | Une syntaxe étendue permet de contrôler la taille et la position des images:<br/> Les options disponibles sont les suivantes (si plusieurs options sont présentes, elles doivent être séparées par un signe <tt>|</tt>; il faut un <tt>|</tt> après la dernière option même si il n'y a pas de légende):<br/> *<tt>thumb</tt> ou <tt>thumbnail</tt> :permet de générer automatiquement une version réduite de l'image, dans un cadre. Par défaut, l'image sera alignée à droite. La légende, si présente, sera placée en dessous de l'image; une "icône loupe" placé à droite permet d'accéder à l'image en grandeur réelle. *<tt>framed</tt> :l'image est placée dans un cadre, comme avec l'option <tt>thumb</tt>, et accepte donc une légende mais n'est disponible que dans sa taille normale et l'"icône loupe" est donc absente. *<tt>right</tt> :permet d'aligner l'image à droite. Peut s'utiliser avec ou sans l'option <tt>thumb</tt>. *<tt>center</tt> :permet de centrer l'image. Peut s'utiliser avec ou sans l'option <tt>thumb</tt>. *<tt>left</tt> :permet d'aligner l'image à gauche. Peut s'utiliser avec ou sans l'option <tt>thumb</tt>. *<tt>none</tt> :permet de supprimer l'alignement par defaut. Cette option est surtout utile pour les images insérées dans un tableau. *<tt>''largeur'' px</tt> :permet de specifier la largeur de la version réduite. L'image affichée gardera le même aspect que l'image grandeur réelle. | <tt><nowiki>[[</nowiki>Image:''nom de l'image''|''options''|''légende'']] |} == Mise en forme des caractères == {| border="1" |----- valign="top" | ''Faire ressortir un mot'', '''un peu plus''', '''''encore plus'''''.<br/> À utiliser également dans les formules : '''F''' = ''m'' '''a'''. | <pre>''Faire ressortir un mot'', '''un peu plus''', '''''encore plus'''''. '''F''' = ''m'' '''a'''.</pre> |----- | <font size="+1" color="red">Polices amusantes</font><br/> Mais <code>== ... ==</code> est plus approprié pour séparer des sections. | <pre>&lt;font size="+2" color="red"&gt;Polices amusantes&lt;/font&gt;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Police machine à écrire pour les <tt>termes techniques</tt>. | <pre>&lt;tt&gt;termes techniques&lt;/tt&gt;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Vous pouvez <strike>barrer</strike> certains mots<br/> et <u>en souligner d'autres...</u>. Pratique ... | <pre>Vous pouvez &lt;strike&gt;barrer&lt;/strike&gt; certains mots et &lt;u&gt;en souligner d'autres...&lt;/u&gt;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Umlauts et accents : (cf [[Aide:Caractères spéciaux]] et [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Special_Characters Wiki special characters] (en anglais)<br/> À Á Â Ã Ä Å Æ <br/> Ç È É Ê Ë Ì Í <br/> Î Ï Ñ Ò Ó Ô Õ Œ<br/> Ö Ø Ù Ú Û Ü ß <br/> à á â ã ä å æ <br/> ç è é ê ë ì í <br/> î ï ñ ò ó ô õ œ<br/> ö ø ù ú û ü ÿ<br/> Note : depuis le passage à l'[[unicode]] on peut aussi parfaitement écrire les caractères spéciaux directement sans aucun souci. | <pre> &amp;Agrave; &amp;Aacute; &amp;Acirc; &amp;Atilde; &amp;Auml; &amp;Aring; &amp;AElig; &amp;Ccedil; &amp;Egrave; &amp;Eacute; &amp;Ecirc; &amp;Euml; &amp;Igrave; &amp;Iacute; &amp;Icirc; &amp;Iuml; &amp;Ntilde; &amp;Ograve; &amp;Oacute; &amp;Ocirc; &amp;Otilde; &amp;OElig; &amp;Ouml; &amp;Oslash; &amp;Ugrave; &amp;Uacute; &amp;Ucirc; &amp;Uuml; &amp;szlig; &amp;agrave; &amp;aacute; &amp;acirc; &amp;atilde; &amp;auml; &amp;aring; &amp;aelig; &amp;ccedil; &amp;egrave; &amp;eacute; &amp;ecirc; &amp;euml; &amp;igrave; &amp;iacute; &amp;icirc; &amp;iuml; &amp;ntilde; &amp;ograve; &amp;oacute; &amp;ocirc; &amp;otilde; &amp;oelig; &amp;ouml; &amp;oslash; &amp;ugrave; &amp;uacute; &amp;ucirc; &amp;uuml; &amp;yuml;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Ponctuations : ¿ ¡ « » § ¶<br/> † ‡ • | <pre>&amp;iquest; &amp;iexcl; &amp;laquo; &amp;raquo; &amp;sect; &amp;para; &amp;dagger; &amp;Dagger; &amp;bull; </pre> |----- valign="top" | Caractères spéciaux : ™ © ® ¢ € ¥ £ ¤ | <pre>&amp;trade; &amp;copy; &amp;reg; &amp;cent; &amp;euro; &amp;yen; &amp;pound; &amp;curren; </pre> |----- valign="top" | Indice (subscript en anglais) : x<sub>2</sub> et<br/> Exposant (superscript en anglais) : x<sup>2</sup> | <pre>Indice : x&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; et Exposant : x&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Caractères grecs : α β γ δ ε ζ η<br/> θ ι κ λ μ ν ξ <br/> π ρ σ ς τ υ φ<br/> χ ψ ω <br/> Γ Δ Θ Λ Ξ Π Σ <br/> Φ Ψ Ω | <pre>&amp;alpha; &amp;beta; &amp;gamma; &amp;delta; &amp;epsilon; &amp;zeta; &amp;eta; &amp;theta; &amp;iota; &amp;kappa; &amp;lambda; &amp;mu; &amp;nu; &amp;xi; &amp;pi; &amp;rho; &amp;sigma; &amp;sigmaf; &amp;tau; &amp;upsilon; &amp;phi; &amp;chi; &amp;psi; &amp;omega; &amp;Gamma; &amp;Delta; &amp;Theta; &amp;Lambda; &amp;Xi; &amp;Pi; &amp;Sigma; &amp;Phi; &amp;Psi; &amp;Omega; </pre> |----- valign="top" | Caractères mathématiques : (cf. [[Wikipedia:Caractères spéciaux]] et [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Special_Characters Wiki special characters] (en anglais)) <br/> ∫ ∑ ∏ √ ± ∞ <br/> ≈ ∝ ≡ ≠ ≤ ≥ → <br/> × · ÷ ∂ ′ ″ ∇ <br/> ‰ ° ∴ ℵ<br/> ø ∈ ∋ ∩ ∪ ⊂ ⊃ ⊆ ⊇<br/> ¬ ∧ ∨ ∃ ∀ ⇒ ⇔ | valign="middle" | <pre>&amp;int; &amp;sum; &amp;prod; &amp;radic; &amp;plusmn; &amp;infin; &amp;asymp; &amp;prop; &amp;equiv; &amp;ne; &amp;le; &amp;ge; &amp;rarr; &amp;times; &amp;middot; &amp;divide; &amp;part; &amp;prime; &amp;Prime; &amp;nabla; &amp;permil; &amp;deg; &amp;there4; &amp;alefsym; &amp;oslash; &amp;isin; &amp;ni; &amp;cap; &amp;cup; &amp;sub; &amp;sup; &amp;sube; &amp;supe; &amp;not; &amp;and; &amp;or; &amp;exist; &amp;forall; &amp;rArr; &amp;hArr;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Plus d'espace que d'habitude, sans saut de ligne : x<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;≥&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;0 est vrai.<br/> Utile pour les formules. | <pre>;x<sup>2</sup>&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;ge;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;0 </pre> |----- | ASCII art (Commencer chaque ligne par un blanc) :<br/> ∞ -x<sup>2</sup> ∫ e dx = √π -∞ Malgré tout, la racine carrée est très moche. | <pre> &amp;infin; -x<sup>2</sup> &amp;int; e dx = &amp;radic;&amp;pi; -&amp;infin;</pre> |----- | Formules mathématiques compliquées :<br/> &nbsp;&nbsp;<math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}</math> * Voir [[Wikipédia:Formules TeX]] | <pre><nowiki> <math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}</math> </nowiki></pre> |----- | Suppression de l'interprétation du ''markup'' :<br/> <nowiki>Lien → (<i>vers</i>) la [[Wikipédia:FAQ]]</nowiki> * Est utilisé pour montrer littéralement des données qui autrement auraient une signification spéciale. * Tous les ''markup'' wiki sont ignorés, y compris ceux ressemblant à des tags HTML. * Les caractères HTML spéciaux sont toujours interprétés. | <pre><nowiki><nowiki>Lien → (<i>vers</i>) la [[Wikipédia:FAQ]]</nowiki></nowiki></pre> |} == Tableaux == Le logiciel permet d'utiliser deux syntaxes: # la "Wiki" expliquée dans la sous-page: [[Aide:Syntaxe wikipédia/tableaux]] # "classique" utilisant le [[Hypertext markup language|HTML]] mais dont l'usage est déprécié. {| border="1" |+ Un exemple de tableau |- ! Premier en-tête ! Deuxième en-tête ! Troisième en-tête |- | Haut gauche || Haut milieu || rowspan="2" | Côté droit |- | Bas gauche || Bas milieu |- | colspan="3" align="center" | ligne du bas |} '''Voir également''' [[meta:Wikipedia_DTD]], [[Aide:Guide d'utilisation des tableaux]] et [[Aide:Modèle]] == Commentaire == Attention, les commentaires dans les articles sont '''strictement''' réservés à la maintenance de la page. Les commentaires sur le contenu de l'article sont à mettre dans la page discussion attachée à l'article en question. <nowiki><!-- Note : Cette page est en cours de rédaction, veuillez patienter avant de l'éditer. --></nowiki> == Identification dans les pages de discussion == {| border="1" |----- | Seulement le pseudonyme:<br/> [[Utilisateur:Aoineko|Aoineko]] | <nowiki>~~~ (3 tildes)</nowiki> |----- | Pseudonyme et date:<br/> [[Utilisateur:Aoineko|Aoineko]] 03:17 Nov 8, 2002 (CET) | <nowiki>~~~~ (4 tildes)</nowiki> |----- | Date:<br/> 03:17 Nov 8, 2002 (CET) | <nowiki>~~~~~ (5 tildes)</nowiki> |} == Catégories == Pour la syntaxe propre à l'utilisation des catégories, voir l'article [[Aide:Catégorie]] {{Contribuer}} [[ar:ويكيبيديا:مساعدة التحرير]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Как се редактират страници]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Jak redigovat stránku]] [[da:Wikipedia:Hvordan redigerer jeg en side]] [[de:Wikipedia:Handbuch - Artikel bearbeiten]] [[el:Wikipedia:Πώς να επεξεργαστείτε μια σελίδα]] [[en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Kiel redakti pagxon]] [[es:Wikipedia:Cómo se edita una página]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kuinka_sivuja_muokataan]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Conas a cuirtear leathanach in eagar]] [[he:ויקיפדיה:איך לערוך דף]] [[hu:Wikipédia:Hogyan szerkessz egy lapot]] [[it:Wikipedia:Guida_essenziale]] [[ja:Wikipedia:編集の仕方]] [[minnan:Help:Editing]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cum să editezi o pagină]] [[ru:Как редактировать страницу]] [[simple:Wikipedia:How to edit]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Urejevanje slovenskih strani]] [[sr:Википедија:Како се мења страна]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Hur man redigerar en sida]] [[th:Wikipedia:การแก้ไขหน้า]] [[vi:Help:Sửa đổi]] [[zh-cn:Help:如何编辑页面]] [[zh-tw:Wikipedia:如何編輯頁面]] 9118 2006-08-15T12:55:21Z Bombo 12 /* Table des matières */ [[Catégorie:Wikipedia:aide technique|Syntaxe wikipédia]] '''Vous parlez le lingala? Aidez à traduire cette page ou un seul paragraphe. Merci.''' Pour [[FAQ|mettre en forme]] vos articles, [[Wikipédia]] permet d'introduire certains codes&nbsp;; les plus courants sont: {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |''texte en italique'' |<nowiki>''texte en italique''</nowiki> (apostrophes et non guillemets) |- | '''texte en gras''' ||<nowiki>'''texte en gras'''</nowiki> |- |<ul><li>liste</li><li>à</li><li>puce</li></ul> |<nowiki>*</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>à<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>puce |- |<ol><li>liste</li><li>numérotée</li></ol> |<nowiki>#</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>#</nowiki>numérotée |- |<h2>Titre de section</h2> |<nowiki> ==Titre de section== </nowiki> |- |<h3>Titre de sous-section</h3> |<nowiki>===Titre de sous-section===</nowiki> |} Cet article vous présente la ''syntaxe propre à wikipédia''. Il résume sous la forme de tableaux les différentes mises en forme possibles. La colonne de droite indique les codes à saisir, et celle de gauche l'effet obtenu. Vous pouvez effectuer vos tests sur le [[Wikipedia:Esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]] qui est réservé à cet usage. __TOC__ == Table des matières == Une table des matières est créée automatiquement si l'article comporte plus de 3 titres ou sous-titres (au moins 4). Pour supprimer le sommaire automatique, il suffit de mettre quelque part <nowiki>__NOTOC__</nowiki>. Pour modifier l'emplacement de la table des matières : placer <nowiki>__NOTOC__</nowiki> en haut de la page, puis insérer <nowiki>__TOC__</nowiki> là où vous désirez voir apparaître la table. == Sections, paragraphes, listes et lignes == {| border="1" |----- | Pour les titres : <br/><br/> == Nouvelle section == === Nouvelle sous-section === ==== Nouveau paragraphe ==== Les notations ci-contre sont respectivement équivalentes à l'utilisation des balises html &lt;h2&gt;...&lt;/h2&gt;, &lt;h3&gt;...&lt;/h3&gt; et &lt;h4&gt;...&lt;/h4&gt;. | <tt> <nowiki>== Nouvelle section ==</nowiki><br/> <nowiki>=== Nouvelle sous-section ===</nowiki><br/> <nowiki>==== Nouveau paragraphe ====</nowiki></tt> |----- | Un simple saut à la ligne n'a aucun effet. <br/><br/> Mais une ligne vide permet de séparer les paragraphes. | <pre>Un simple saut à la ligne n'a aucun effet. Mais une ligne vide permet de séparer les paragraphes.</pre> |----- valign="top" | Voilà comment il faut faire<br/> pour aller à la ligne. | <pre>Voilà comment il faut faire<br /> pour aller à la ligne.</pre> |----- | * Les listes sont bien pratiques : ** Elles permettent d'organiser les données ** Elles embellissent le document | <pre>* Les listes sont bien pratiques :</pre> <pre>** Elles permettent d'organiser les données</pre> <pre>** Elles embellissent le document</pre> |----- | # Les listes numérotées sont également bien pratiques # Bien organisées ## Faciles à lire | <pre># Les listes numérotées sont également bien pratiques</pre> <pre># Bien organisées</pre> <pre>## Faciles à lire</pre> |----- | :Les lignes peuvent être ::indentées :::sur plusieurs niveaux | <pre>:Les lignes peuvent être</pre> <pre>::indentées</pre> <pre>:::sur plusieurs niveaux</pre> |----- | Avec tout cela, il est maintenant possible de mélanger les types de listes : *Une liste numérotée : :#Premier élément :#Second élément *d'autres branches à l'arborescence | <pre> *Une liste numérotée : :#Premier élément :#Second élément *d'autres branches à l'arborescence </pre> |----- | ; Listes de définitions : listes contenant des définitions ; Terme à expliquer : explication du terme | <pre>; Listes de définitions : listes contenant des définitions</pre> <pre>; Terme à expliquer : explication du terme</pre> |----- | En utilisant des balises (''tags'') HTML c'est plus beau (mais c'est plus difficile à mémoriser) : <ul> <li>Une liste numérotée : <ol> <li>Premier élément <li>Second élément </ol> <li>d'autres branches à l'arborescence </ul> ''Petit truc mnémotechnique :'' *'' ol = Liste Ordonnée (c'est à dire numérotée - Ordered List en anglais)''&nbsp;; *'' ul = Liste "Unordonnée" (Unordered List en anglais) ou plus prosaïquement liste à puces''&nbsp;; *'' li = élément d'une liste (List Item en anglais). | <pre>&lt;ul&gt;</pre> <pre> &lt;li&gt;Une liste numérotée :</pre> <pre> &lt;ol&gt;</pre> <pre> &lt;li&gt;Premier élément</pre> <pre> &lt;li&gt;Second élément</pre> <pre> &lt;/ol&gt;</pre> <pre> &lt;li&gt;d'autres branches à l'arborescence</pre> <pre>&lt;/ul&gt;</pre> |----- valign="top" | SI (une ligne commence par une espace) ALORS elle apparaîtra exactement telle qu'elle a été saisie&nbsp;; dans une police non proportionnelle&nbsp;; les sauts de ligne ne seront pas automatiques&nbsp;; FIN SI C'est bien utile pour : • copier/coller un texte pré-formaté&nbsp;; • des descriptions d'algorithmes&nbsp;; | <pre> SI (une ligne commence par une espace) ALORS elle apparaîtra exactement telle qu'elle a été saisie; dans une police non proportionnelle; les sauts de ligne ne seront pas automatiques ; FIN SI C'est bien utile pour : &amp;bull; copier/coller un texte pré-formaté ; <br/><br/> &amp;bull; des descriptions d'algorithmes ;</pre> |----- valign="top" | <center>Le texte peut être centré.</center> | <pre>&lt;center&gt;Le texte peut être centré.&lt;/center&gt;</pre> |----- | Une ligne horizontale : au-dessus ---- et en-dessous. | <pre>Une ligne horizontale : au-dessus</pre> <pre>----</pre> <pre>et en-dessous.</pre> |} ==Sourcres et littérature== A la fin de votre article, ajouté les références et vos sources. Pour créer des notes en bas de page,<ref> Exemple de note en bas de page.</ref> ajoutez les simplement entre <nowiki> <ref> </nowiki> et <nowiki> </ref> </nowiki> au lieu juste dans le texte. Wikipedia les mets automatiquement au juste endroit en bas de la page, la oú se trouve <nowiki> <references/> </nowiki>. {| | ==Tála mpé== ===Nkásá o libándá=== ===Littérature=== * Nom Postnom, Prénom: ''Titre du livre''. Lieu: Éditeur, Année. ===Sources=== <references/> |<nowiki>==Tála mpé== </nowiki><br/><br/><nowiki> ===Nkásá o libándá=== </nowiki><br/><br/><nowiki> ===Littérature=== </nowiki><br/><nowiki> * Nom Postnom, Prénom: ''Titre du livre''. Lieu: Éditeur, Année. </nowiki><br/><br/><nowiki> ===Sources=== </nowiki><br/><nowiki> <references/> </nowiki> |} == Liens, adresses internet et images == {| border="1" |----- | colspan="2" | === Les liens === |----- valign="top" | Lien vers [[Accueil]].<br/> La première lettre apparaît automatiquement en [[majuscule]].<br/> Les espaces sont convertis en 'underscores'.<br/> Pour créer une nouvelle page, créez d'abord un lien vers cette page, puis cliquez sur le lien en rouge qui apparaît. | <pre>Lien vers [[Accueil]].</pre> |----- valign="top" | Le même lien, mais avec un nom différent : [[Accueil|page d'accueil]].<br/> Les liens ne peuvent contenir que des lettres et des espaces ! | <pre>Le même lien, mais avec un nom différent : [[Accueil|page d'accueil]]</pre>; |----- valign="top" | [[La sexualité des mouches dans le Vercors oriental]] est une page qui n'existe pas encore.<br/> Vous pouvez la créer en cliquant simplement sur le lien.<br/> Après l'avoir créée, faites une recherche sur son titre, et assurez-vous que les autres articles y font correctement référence. | <tt><nowiki>[[La sexualité des mouches dans le Vercors oriental]]</nowiki> est une page qui n'existe pas encore.</tt> |----- valign="top" | Pour les pages d'[[Wikipédia:Homonymie|homonymie]], il existe un raccourci pour cacher le domaine :<br/> la planète [[Jupiter (planète)|Jupiter]] | <tt><nowiki>la planète [[Jupiter (planète)|]]</nowiki></tt> |----- valign="top" | Pour référencer les pages utilisateur, il existe un raccourci pour éviter de taper deux fois le nom : [[Utilisateur:Dupont|Dupont]] est équivalent à [[Utilisateur:Dupont|Dupont]] | <tt><nowiki>[[Utilisateur:Dupont|]] est équivalent à [[Utilisateur:Dupont|Dupont]]</nowiki></tt> |----- valign="top" | Lien vers les commentaires associés à cette page ou à une page du domaine Wikipédia : [[Discussion Wikipédia:Comment modifier une page]]<br/> Lien vers une discussion d'une page normale du Wikipédia [[Discuter:Accueil]]<br/> | <tt>Lien vers les commentaires associés à cette page ou a une page du domaine Wikipédia : <nowiki>[[Discussion_Wikipédia:Comment modifier une page]]</nowiki><br/> Lien vers une discussion d'une page normale du Wikipédia <nowiki>[[Discuter:Accueil]]</nowiki></tt><br/> |----- valign="top" | [[Wikipédia:Redirection|Redirection]] d'une page vers une autre en mettant ce texte dans la première ligne. | <pre>#REDIRECT [[France]]</pre> |----- valign="top" | Il existe une notation pour référencer une page sur un Wikipédia dans une autre langue : [[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] <br/><br/> On peut ici aussi utiliser la barre verticale pour afficher un texte différent du titre de l'article pointé : [[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page|Cette page en anglais]] <br/><br/> Attention, ici la barre verticale seule en fin de lien ne permet pas de réduire le texte affiché au strict nécessaire : [[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page|en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] | <tt><nowiki>[[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page]]</nowiki> <br/><br/> <nowiki>[[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page|Cette page en anglais]]</nowiki> <br/><br/> <nowiki>[[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page|]]</nowiki> </tt> |----- valign="top" | Pour référencer un mot sur [[Wiktionary]] : [[wikt:Mot]] <br/><br/> On peut ici aussi utiliser la barre verticale pour afficher un texte différent du titre de l'article pointé : [[wikt:Mot|Mot]] ou directement [[wikt:Mot|Mot]] <br/><br/> On peut aussi référencer un mot sur un wiktionary dans une autre langue: [[wikt:en:Word]] ou [[Wikt:en:Word|Word]] | <tt><nowiki>[[wikt:Mot]]</nowiki> <br/><br/> <nowiki>[[wikt:Mot|Mot]]</nowiki> ou directement <nowiki>[[wikt:Mot|]]</nowiki> <br/><br/> <nowiki>[[wikt:en:Word]]</nowiki> ou <nowiki>[[wikt:en:Word|Word]]</nowiki> </tt> |----- | colspan="2" | === Les liens internes, les ancres === |----- valign="top" | Les ancres : <font id="ancre_1">ancre 1.</font> <font id="ancre_2">ancre 2.</font> Ces deux lignes sont des ancres vers lesquelles des liens internes à cette pages peuvent pointer. Des liens de pages externes aussi, d'ailleurs. | <pre><nowiki><font id="ancre_1">ancre 1.</font> <font id="ancre_2">ancre 2.</font></nowiki></pre> remarquer que la balise <nowiki><font></nowiki> n'est effectivement pas censée avoir d'effet de mise en forme. Elle n'est là que parce qu'il est nécessaire d'utiliser une balise HTML afin d'y placer un paramètre ''id'' qui indique le nom de l'ancre. Ça devrait pouvoir être n'importe quelle balise HTML que le wiki reconnaît. |----- valign="top" | Les liens vers des ancres externes sont des liens normaux qui pointent vers une ancre de la page vers laquelle ils dirigent. [[Wikipédia:Syntaxe wikipédia/Lien ancré#ancre_1|lien]] vers l'ancre 1 externe. [[Wikipédia:Syntaxe wikipédia/Lien ancré#ancre_2|lien]] vers l'ancre 2 externe. Ces deux ancres se trouvent sur la [[Wikipédia:Syntaxe wikipédia/Lien ancré|page d'explication des liens ancrés]]. | <pre><nowiki>[[Wikipédia:Syntaxe wikipédia/Lien ancré#ancre_1|lien]] vers l'ancre 1 externe. [[Wikipédia:Syntaxe wikipédia/Lien ancré#ancre_2|lien]] vers l'ancre 2 externe.</nowiki></pre> On crée un lien normalement, en ajoutant un dièse (#) suivi du nom de l'ancre vers laquelle le lien pointe à la fin du nom de la page pointée. |----- valign="top" | Les liens internes sont des liens normaux qui pointent vers des ancres de la page courante : [[#ancre_1|lien vers l'ancre 1]]. [[#ancre_2|lien vers l'ancre 2]]. | <pre><nowiki>[[#ancre_1|lien vers l'ancre 1]]. [[#ancre_2|lien vers l'ancre 2]].</nowiki></pre> Le nom de la page courante est toutefois implicite. |----- | colspan="2" | === Les adresses internet === |----- valign="top" | Lien externe : [http://www.nupedia.com Nupedia] | <pre>Lien externe : [http://www.nupedia.com Nupedia]</pre> |----- valign="top" | Mais l'adresse internet suffit : http://www.nupedia.com.<br/> (Bien pratique si on veut imprimer la page.) | <pre>Mais l'adresse internet suffit : http://www.nupedia.com.</pre> |----- | Il existe toute une liste de ''préfixes'' utilisables ainsi: <nowiki>[[prefixe:valeur]]</nowiki>.<br/>Une liste complète est disponible sur [[m:Interwiki map]] (en anglais) | Exemple: <nowiki>[[google:Wikipédia]]</nowiki> donne [[google:Wikipédia|ceci]] |----- | colspan="2" | === Les images === |----- valign="top" | '''Insérer une image :''' [[Image:Wiki-exemple.png]]<br/> Pour ajouter une image, vous devez d'abord la copier sur le serveur, ce qui suppose de vous connecter comme utilisateur identifié, vous pouvez alors accéder à la page de copie sur le serveur : http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Premiers_pas<br/> <br/> Il faut ensuite placer le lien de l'image dans votre article.<br/> NE FAITES PAS de liens externes vers des fichiers se trouvant sur un serveur dont vous ne contrôlez pas le contenu ! Pour l'accessibilité des mal-voyants, il est conseillé d'ajouter le "nom de l'image", ceci permet au lecteur vocal ou à la tablette braille de fournir un descriptif parlant, là où il y a une image. Voir [[Wikipédia:Règles d'utilisation des images]] pour de plus amples informations à ce sujet. | <pre><nowiki>[[Image:Wiki-exemple.png]]</nowiki></pre> ou <br/> <pre><nowiki>[[Image:Wiki-exemple.png|nom de l'image]]</nowiki></pre> |----- | '''Faire "flotter" une image'''<br/><br/> [[Image:Wiki-exemple.png|left]] Quand une image n'occupe pas la largeur de la page, il peut être agréable de la placer à gauche et que le texte s'écrive le long de celle-ci du côté droit.<br/> Pour cela, il vous suffit de recopier le code ci-contre à l'endroit où vous souhaitez voir l'image et de remplacer les parties en italique par le lien vers l'image et par la légende de l'image.<br/><br/> Si vous souhaitez placer l'image du côté droit, remplacer ''left'' par ''right''<br/> | <tt><nowiki>[[</nowiki>Image:<i>nom-image.png</i>|left|<i>Légende</i>]]<br/> Quand une image n'occupe pas la largeur de la page ... </tt> |----- | '''Faire "flotter" plusieurs images'''<br/> [[Image:Icon_no.png|left]][[Image: Icon_yes.png|left]]Plusieurs images qui "flottent" à la suite elles se positionnent les unes à coté des autres. <div style="float:right;padding:15px">[[Image:Icon_no.png]]<br/>[[Image: Icon_yes.png]]</div>Il est possible de forcer l'affichage d'images les unes en dessous des autres. Pour un meilleur rendu, cette astuce est à utiliser avec des images qui font la même largeur (voir ci dessous "Syntaxe étendue pour les images" pour imposer la taille des images). | <nowiki>[[Image:Icon_no.png|left]][[Image:Icon_yes.png|left]]</nowiki> Pour faire flotter un à coté de l'autre. <nowiki><div style="float:right;">[[Image:Icon_no.png]]<br/>[[Image: Icon_yes.png]]</div></nowiki> Pour faire flotter l'un en dessous de l'autre. |----- | colspan="2" | === Syntaxe étendue pour les images === |----- valign="top" | Une syntaxe étendue permet de contrôler la taille et la position des images:<br/> Les options disponibles sont les suivantes (si plusieurs options sont présentes, elles doivent être séparées par un signe <tt>|</tt>; il faut un <tt>|</tt> après la dernière option même si il n'y a pas de légende):<br/> *<tt>thumb</tt> ou <tt>thumbnail</tt> :permet de générer automatiquement une version réduite de l'image, dans un cadre. Par défaut, l'image sera alignée à droite. La légende, si présente, sera placée en dessous de l'image; une "icône loupe" placé à droite permet d'accéder à l'image en grandeur réelle. *<tt>framed</tt> :l'image est placée dans un cadre, comme avec l'option <tt>thumb</tt>, et accepte donc une légende mais n'est disponible que dans sa taille normale et l'"icône loupe" est donc absente. *<tt>right</tt> :permet d'aligner l'image à droite. Peut s'utiliser avec ou sans l'option <tt>thumb</tt>. *<tt>center</tt> :permet de centrer l'image. Peut s'utiliser avec ou sans l'option <tt>thumb</tt>. *<tt>left</tt> :permet d'aligner l'image à gauche. Peut s'utiliser avec ou sans l'option <tt>thumb</tt>. *<tt>none</tt> :permet de supprimer l'alignement par defaut. Cette option est surtout utile pour les images insérées dans un tableau. *<tt>''largeur'' px</tt> :permet de specifier la largeur de la version réduite. L'image affichée gardera le même aspect que l'image grandeur réelle. | <tt><nowiki>[[</nowiki>Image:''nom de l'image''|''options''|''légende'']] |} == Mise en forme des caractères == {| border="1" |----- valign="top" | ''Faire ressortir un mot'', '''un peu plus''', '''''encore plus'''''.<br/> À utiliser également dans les formules : '''F''' = ''m'' '''a'''. | <pre>''Faire ressortir un mot'', '''un peu plus''', '''''encore plus'''''. '''F''' = ''m'' '''a'''.</pre> |----- | <font size="+1" color="red">Polices amusantes</font><br/> Mais <code>== ... ==</code> est plus approprié pour séparer des sections. | <pre>&lt;font size="+2" color="red"&gt;Polices amusantes&lt;/font&gt;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Police machine à écrire pour les <tt>termes techniques</tt>. | <pre>&lt;tt&gt;termes techniques&lt;/tt&gt;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Vous pouvez <strike>barrer</strike> certains mots<br/> et <u>en souligner d'autres...</u>. Pratique ... | <pre>Vous pouvez &lt;strike&gt;barrer&lt;/strike&gt; certains mots et &lt;u&gt;en souligner d'autres...&lt;/u&gt;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Umlauts et accents : (cf [[Aide:Caractères spéciaux]] et [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Special_Characters Wiki special characters] (en anglais)<br/> À Á Â Ã Ä Å Æ <br/> Ç È É Ê Ë Ì Í <br/> Î Ï Ñ Ò Ó Ô Õ Œ<br/> Ö Ø Ù Ú Û Ü ß <br/> à á â ã ä å æ <br/> ç è é ê ë ì í <br/> î ï ñ ò ó ô õ œ<br/> ö ø ù ú û ü ÿ<br/> Note : depuis le passage à l'[[unicode]] on peut aussi parfaitement écrire les caractères spéciaux directement sans aucun souci. | <pre> &amp;Agrave; &amp;Aacute; &amp;Acirc; &amp;Atilde; &amp;Auml; &amp;Aring; &amp;AElig; &amp;Ccedil; &amp;Egrave; &amp;Eacute; &amp;Ecirc; &amp;Euml; &amp;Igrave; &amp;Iacute; &amp;Icirc; &amp;Iuml; &amp;Ntilde; &amp;Ograve; &amp;Oacute; &amp;Ocirc; &amp;Otilde; &amp;OElig; &amp;Ouml; &amp;Oslash; &amp;Ugrave; &amp;Uacute; &amp;Ucirc; &amp;Uuml; &amp;szlig; &amp;agrave; &amp;aacute; &amp;acirc; &amp;atilde; &amp;auml; &amp;aring; &amp;aelig; &amp;ccedil; &amp;egrave; &amp;eacute; &amp;ecirc; &amp;euml; &amp;igrave; &amp;iacute; &amp;icirc; &amp;iuml; &amp;ntilde; &amp;ograve; &amp;oacute; &amp;ocirc; &amp;otilde; &amp;oelig; &amp;ouml; &amp;oslash; &amp;ugrave; &amp;uacute; &amp;ucirc; &amp;uuml; &amp;yuml;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Ponctuations : ¿ ¡ « » § ¶<br/> † ‡ • | <pre>&amp;iquest; &amp;iexcl; &amp;laquo; &amp;raquo; &amp;sect; &amp;para; &amp;dagger; &amp;Dagger; &amp;bull; </pre> |----- valign="top" | Caractères spéciaux : ™ © ® ¢ € ¥ £ ¤ | <pre>&amp;trade; &amp;copy; &amp;reg; &amp;cent; &amp;euro; &amp;yen; &amp;pound; &amp;curren; </pre> |----- valign="top" | Indice (subscript en anglais) : x<sub>2</sub> et<br/> Exposant (superscript en anglais) : x<sup>2</sup> | <pre>Indice : x&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; et Exposant : x&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Caractères grecs : α β γ δ ε ζ η<br/> θ ι κ λ μ ν ξ <br/> π ρ σ ς τ υ φ<br/> χ ψ ω <br/> Γ Δ Θ Λ Ξ Π Σ <br/> Φ Ψ Ω | <pre>&amp;alpha; &amp;beta; &amp;gamma; &amp;delta; &amp;epsilon; &amp;zeta; &amp;eta; &amp;theta; &amp;iota; &amp;kappa; &amp;lambda; &amp;mu; &amp;nu; &amp;xi; &amp;pi; &amp;rho; &amp;sigma; &amp;sigmaf; &amp;tau; &amp;upsilon; &amp;phi; &amp;chi; &amp;psi; &amp;omega; &amp;Gamma; &amp;Delta; &amp;Theta; &amp;Lambda; &amp;Xi; &amp;Pi; &amp;Sigma; &amp;Phi; &amp;Psi; &amp;Omega; </pre> |----- valign="top" | Caractères mathématiques : (cf. [[Wikipedia:Caractères spéciaux]] et [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Special_Characters Wiki special characters] (en anglais)) <br/> ∫ ∑ ∏ √ ± ∞ <br/> ≈ ∝ ≡ ≠ ≤ ≥ → <br/> × · ÷ ∂ ′ ″ ∇ <br/> ‰ ° ∴ ℵ<br/> ø ∈ ∋ ∩ ∪ ⊂ ⊃ ⊆ ⊇<br/> ¬ ∧ ∨ ∃ ∀ ⇒ ⇔ | valign="middle" | <pre>&amp;int; &amp;sum; &amp;prod; &amp;radic; &amp;plusmn; &amp;infin; &amp;asymp; &amp;prop; &amp;equiv; &amp;ne; &amp;le; &amp;ge; &amp;rarr; &amp;times; &amp;middot; &amp;divide; &amp;part; &amp;prime; &amp;Prime; &amp;nabla; &amp;permil; &amp;deg; &amp;there4; &amp;alefsym; &amp;oslash; &amp;isin; &amp;ni; &amp;cap; &amp;cup; &amp;sub; &amp;sup; &amp;sube; &amp;supe; &amp;not; &amp;and; &amp;or; &amp;exist; &amp;forall; &amp;rArr; &amp;hArr;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Plus d'espace que d'habitude, sans saut de ligne : x<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;≥&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;0 est vrai.<br/> Utile pour les formules. | <pre>;x<sup>2</sup>&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;ge;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;0 </pre> |----- | ASCII art (Commencer chaque ligne par un blanc) :<br/> ∞ -x<sup>2</sup> ∫ e dx = √π -∞ Malgré tout, la racine carrée est très moche. | <pre> &amp;infin; -x<sup>2</sup> &amp;int; e dx = &amp;radic;&amp;pi; -&amp;infin;</pre> |----- | Formules mathématiques compliquées :<br/> &nbsp;&nbsp;<math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}</math> * Voir [[Wikipédia:Formules TeX]] | <pre><nowiki> <math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}</math> </nowiki></pre> |----- | Suppression de l'interprétation du ''markup'' :<br/> <nowiki>Lien → (<i>vers</i>) la [[Wikipédia:FAQ]]</nowiki> * Est utilisé pour montrer littéralement des données qui autrement auraient une signification spéciale. * Tous les ''markup'' wiki sont ignorés, y compris ceux ressemblant à des tags HTML. * Les caractères HTML spéciaux sont toujours interprétés. | <pre><nowiki><nowiki>Lien → (<i>vers</i>) la [[Wikipédia:FAQ]]</nowiki></nowiki></pre> |} == Tableaux == Le logiciel permet d'utiliser deux syntaxes: # la "Wiki" expliquée dans la sous-page: [[Aide:Syntaxe wikipédia/tableaux]] # "classique" utilisant le [[Hypertext markup language|HTML]] mais dont l'usage est déprécié. {| border="1" |+ Un exemple de tableau |- ! Premier en-tête ! Deuxième en-tête ! Troisième en-tête |- | Haut gauche || Haut milieu || rowspan="2" | Côté droit |- | Bas gauche || Bas milieu |- | colspan="3" align="center" | ligne du bas |} '''Voir également''' [[meta:Wikipedia_DTD]], [[Aide:Guide d'utilisation des tableaux]] et [[Aide:Modèle]] == Commentaire == Attention, les commentaires dans les articles sont '''strictement''' réservés à la maintenance de la page. Les commentaires sur le contenu de l'article sont à mettre dans la page discussion attachée à l'article en question. <nowiki><!-- Note : Cette page est en cours de rédaction, veuillez patienter avant de l'éditer. --></nowiki> == Identification dans les pages de discussion == {| border="1" |----- | Seulement le pseudonyme:<br/> [[Utilisateur:Aoineko|Aoineko]] | <nowiki>~~~ (3 tildes)</nowiki> |----- | Pseudonyme et date:<br/> [[Utilisateur:Aoineko|Aoineko]] 03:17 Nov 8, 2002 (CET) | <nowiki>~~~~ (4 tildes)</nowiki> |----- | Date:<br/> 03:17 Nov 8, 2002 (CET) | <nowiki>~~~~~ (5 tildes)</nowiki> |} == Catégories == Pour la syntaxe propre à l'utilisation des catégories, voir l'article [[Aide:Catégorie]] {{Contribuer}} [[ar:ويكيبيديا:مساعدة التحرير]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Как се редактират страници]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Jak redigovat stránku]] [[da:Wikipedia:Hvordan redigerer jeg en side]] [[de:Wikipedia:Handbuch - Artikel bearbeiten]] [[el:Wikipedia:Πώς να επεξεργαστείτε μια σελίδα]] [[en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Kiel redakti pagxon]] [[es:Wikipedia:Cómo se edita una página]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kuinka_sivuja_muokataan]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Conas a cuirtear leathanach in eagar]] [[he:ויקיפדיה:איך לערוך דף]] [[hu:Wikipédia:Hogyan szerkessz egy lapot]] [[it:Wikipedia:Guida_essenziale]] [[ja:Wikipedia:編集の仕方]] [[minnan:Help:Editing]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cum să editezi o pagină]] [[ru:Как редактировать страницу]] [[simple:Wikipedia:How to edit]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Urejevanje slovenskih strani]] [[sr:Википедија:Како се мења страна]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Hur man redigerar en sida]] [[th:Wikipedia:การแก้ไขหน้า]] [[vi:Help:Sửa đổi]] [[zh-cn:Help:如何编辑页面]] [[zh-tw:Wikipedia:如何編輯頁面]] 9121 2006-08-15T16:44:28Z 160.85.2.50 /* Les liens */ Acceuil > Lonkásá ya libosó [[Catégorie:Wikipedia:aide technique|Syntaxe wikipédia]] '''Vous parlez le lingala? Aidez à traduire cette page ou un seul paragraphe. Merci.''' Pour [[FAQ|mettre en forme]] vos articles, [[Wikipédia]] permet d'introduire certains codes&nbsp;; les plus courants sont: {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |''texte en italique'' |<nowiki>''texte en italique''</nowiki> (apostrophes et non guillemets) |- | '''texte en gras''' ||<nowiki>'''texte en gras'''</nowiki> |- |<ul><li>liste</li><li>à</li><li>puce</li></ul> |<nowiki>*</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>à<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>puce |- |<ol><li>liste</li><li>numérotée</li></ol> |<nowiki>#</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>#</nowiki>numérotée |- |<h2>Titre de section</h2> |<nowiki> ==Titre de section== </nowiki> |- |<h3>Titre de sous-section</h3> |<nowiki>===Titre de sous-section===</nowiki> |} Cet article vous présente la ''syntaxe propre à wikipédia''. Il résume sous la forme de tableaux les différentes mises en forme possibles. La colonne de droite indique les codes à saisir, et celle de gauche l'effet obtenu. Vous pouvez effectuer vos tests sur le [[Wikipedia:Esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]] qui est réservé à cet usage. __TOC__ == Table des matières == Une table des matières est créée automatiquement si l'article comporte plus de 3 titres ou sous-titres (au moins 4). Pour supprimer le sommaire automatique, il suffit de mettre quelque part <nowiki>__NOTOC__</nowiki>. Pour modifier l'emplacement de la table des matières : placer <nowiki>__NOTOC__</nowiki> en haut de la page, puis insérer <nowiki>__TOC__</nowiki> là où vous désirez voir apparaître la table. == Sections, paragraphes, listes et lignes == {| border="1" |----- | Pour les titres : <br/><br/> == Nouvelle section == === Nouvelle sous-section === ==== Nouveau paragraphe ==== Les notations ci-contre sont respectivement équivalentes à l'utilisation des balises html &lt;h2&gt;...&lt;/h2&gt;, &lt;h3&gt;...&lt;/h3&gt; et &lt;h4&gt;...&lt;/h4&gt;. | <tt> <nowiki>== Nouvelle section ==</nowiki><br/> <nowiki>=== Nouvelle sous-section ===</nowiki><br/> <nowiki>==== Nouveau paragraphe ====</nowiki></tt> |----- | Un simple saut à la ligne n'a aucun effet. <br/><br/> Mais une ligne vide permet de séparer les paragraphes. | <pre>Un simple saut à la ligne n'a aucun effet. Mais une ligne vide permet de séparer les paragraphes.</pre> |----- valign="top" | Voilà comment il faut faire<br/> pour aller à la ligne. | <pre>Voilà comment il faut faire<br /> pour aller à la ligne.</pre> |----- | * Les listes sont bien pratiques : ** Elles permettent d'organiser les données ** Elles embellissent le document | <pre>* Les listes sont bien pratiques :</pre> <pre>** Elles permettent d'organiser les données</pre> <pre>** Elles embellissent le document</pre> |----- | # Les listes numérotées sont également bien pratiques # Bien organisées ## Faciles à lire | <pre># Les listes numérotées sont également bien pratiques</pre> <pre># Bien organisées</pre> <pre>## Faciles à lire</pre> |----- | :Les lignes peuvent être ::indentées :::sur plusieurs niveaux | <pre>:Les lignes peuvent être</pre> <pre>::indentées</pre> <pre>:::sur plusieurs niveaux</pre> |----- | Avec tout cela, il est maintenant possible de mélanger les types de listes : *Une liste numérotée : :#Premier élément :#Second élément *d'autres branches à l'arborescence | <pre> *Une liste numérotée : :#Premier élément :#Second élément *d'autres branches à l'arborescence </pre> |----- | ; Listes de définitions : listes contenant des définitions ; Terme à expliquer : explication du terme | <pre>; Listes de définitions : listes contenant des définitions</pre> <pre>; Terme à expliquer : explication du terme</pre> |----- | En utilisant des balises (''tags'') HTML c'est plus beau (mais c'est plus difficile à mémoriser) : <ul> <li>Une liste numérotée : <ol> <li>Premier élément <li>Second élément </ol> <li>d'autres branches à l'arborescence </ul> ''Petit truc mnémotechnique :'' *'' ol = Liste Ordonnée (c'est à dire numérotée - Ordered List en anglais)''&nbsp;; *'' ul = Liste "Unordonnée" (Unordered List en anglais) ou plus prosaïquement liste à puces''&nbsp;; *'' li = élément d'une liste (List Item en anglais). | <pre>&lt;ul&gt;</pre> <pre> &lt;li&gt;Une liste numérotée :</pre> <pre> &lt;ol&gt;</pre> <pre> &lt;li&gt;Premier élément</pre> <pre> &lt;li&gt;Second élément</pre> <pre> &lt;/ol&gt;</pre> <pre> &lt;li&gt;d'autres branches à l'arborescence</pre> <pre>&lt;/ul&gt;</pre> |----- valign="top" | SI (une ligne commence par une espace) ALORS elle apparaîtra exactement telle qu'elle a été saisie&nbsp;; dans une police non proportionnelle&nbsp;; les sauts de ligne ne seront pas automatiques&nbsp;; FIN SI C'est bien utile pour : • copier/coller un texte pré-formaté&nbsp;; • des descriptions d'algorithmes&nbsp;; | <pre> SI (une ligne commence par une espace) ALORS elle apparaîtra exactement telle qu'elle a été saisie; dans une police non proportionnelle; les sauts de ligne ne seront pas automatiques ; FIN SI C'est bien utile pour : &amp;bull; copier/coller un texte pré-formaté ; <br/><br/> &amp;bull; des descriptions d'algorithmes ;</pre> |----- valign="top" | <center>Le texte peut être centré.</center> | <pre>&lt;center&gt;Le texte peut être centré.&lt;/center&gt;</pre> |----- | Une ligne horizontale : au-dessus ---- et en-dessous. | <pre>Une ligne horizontale : au-dessus</pre> <pre>----</pre> <pre>et en-dessous.</pre> |} ==Sourcres et littérature== A la fin de votre article, ajouté les références et vos sources. Pour créer des notes en bas de page,<ref> Exemple de note en bas de page.</ref> ajoutez les simplement entre <nowiki> <ref> </nowiki> et <nowiki> </ref> </nowiki> au lieu juste dans le texte. Wikipedia les mets automatiquement au juste endroit en bas de la page, la oú se trouve <nowiki> <references/> </nowiki>. {| | ==Tála mpé== ===Nkásá o libándá=== ===Littérature=== * Nom Postnom, Prénom: ''Titre du livre''. Lieu: Éditeur, Année. ===Sources=== <references/> |<nowiki>==Tála mpé== </nowiki><br/><br/><nowiki> ===Nkásá o libándá=== </nowiki><br/><br/><nowiki> ===Littérature=== </nowiki><br/><nowiki> * Nom Postnom, Prénom: ''Titre du livre''. Lieu: Éditeur, Année. </nowiki><br/><br/><nowiki> ===Sources=== </nowiki><br/><nowiki> <references/> </nowiki> |} == Liens, adresses internet et images == {| border="1" |----- | colspan="2" | === Les liens === |----- valign="top" | Lien vers [[Lonkásá ya libosó]].<br/> La première lettre apparaît automatiquement en [[majuscule]].<br/> Les espaces sont convertis en 'underscores'.<br/> Pour créer une nouvelle page, créez d'abord un lien vers cette page, puis cliquez sur le lien en rouge qui apparaît. | <pre>Lien vers [[Lonkásá ya libosó]].</pre> |----- valign="top" | Le même lien, mais avec un nom différent : [[Lonkásá ya libosó|page d'accueil]].<br/> Les liens ne peuvent contenir que des lettres et des espaces ! | <pre>Le même lien, mais avec un nom différent : [[Lonkásá ya libosó|page d'accueil]]</pre>; |----- valign="top" | [[La sexualité des mouches dans le Vercors oriental]] est une page qui n'existe pas encore.<br/> Vous pouvez la créer en cliquant simplement sur le lien.<br/> Après l'avoir créée, faites une recherche sur son titre, et assurez-vous que les autres articles y font correctement référence. | <tt><nowiki>[[La sexualité des mouches dans le Vercors oriental]]</nowiki> est une page qui n'existe pas encore.</tt> |----- valign="top" | Pour les pages d'[[Wikipédia:Homonymie|homonymie]], il existe un raccourci pour cacher le domaine :<br/> la planète [[Jupiter (planète)|Jupiter]] | <tt><nowiki>la planète [[Jupiter (planète)|]]</nowiki></tt> |----- valign="top" | Pour référencer les pages utilisateur, il existe un raccourci pour éviter de taper deux fois le nom : [[Utilisateur:Dupont|Dupont]] est équivalent à [[Utilisateur:Dupont|Dupont]] | <tt><nowiki>[[Utilisateur:Dupont|]] est équivalent à [[Utilisateur:Dupont|Dupont]]</nowiki></tt> |----- valign="top" | Lien vers les commentaires associés à cette page ou à une page du domaine Wikipédia : [[Discussion Wikipédia:Comment modifier une page]]<br/> Lien vers une discussion d'une page normale du Wikipédia [[Discuter:Accueil]]<br/> | <tt>Lien vers les commentaires associés à cette page ou a une page du domaine Wikipédia : <nowiki>[[Discussion_Wikipédia:Comment modifier une page]]</nowiki><br/> Lien vers une discussion d'une page normale du Wikipédia <nowiki>[[Discuter:Accueil]]</nowiki></tt><br/> |----- valign="top" | [[Wikipédia:Redirection|Redirection]] d'une page vers une autre en mettant ce texte dans la première ligne. | <pre>#REDIRECT [[France]]</pre> |----- valign="top" | Il existe une notation pour référencer une page sur un Wikipédia dans une autre langue : [[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] <br/><br/> On peut ici aussi utiliser la barre verticale pour afficher un texte différent du titre de l'article pointé : [[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page|Cette page en anglais]] <br/><br/> Attention, ici la barre verticale seule en fin de lien ne permet pas de réduire le texte affiché au strict nécessaire : [[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page|en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] | <tt><nowiki>[[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page]]</nowiki> <br/><br/> <nowiki>[[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page|Cette page en anglais]]</nowiki> <br/><br/> <nowiki>[[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page|]]</nowiki> </tt> |----- valign="top" | Pour référencer un mot sur [[Wiktionary]] : [[wikt:Mot]] <br/><br/> On peut ici aussi utiliser la barre verticale pour afficher un texte différent du titre de l'article pointé : [[wikt:Mot|Mot]] ou directement [[wikt:Mot|Mot]] <br/><br/> On peut aussi référencer un mot sur un wiktionary dans une autre langue: [[wikt:en:Word]] ou [[Wikt:en:Word|Word]] | <tt><nowiki>[[wikt:Mot]]</nowiki> <br/><br/> <nowiki>[[wikt:Mot|Mot]]</nowiki> ou directement <nowiki>[[wikt:Mot|]]</nowiki> <br/><br/> <nowiki>[[wikt:en:Word]]</nowiki> ou <nowiki>[[wikt:en:Word|Word]]</nowiki> </tt> |----- | colspan="2" | === Les liens internes, les ancres === |----- valign="top" | Les ancres : <font id="ancre_1">ancre 1.</font> <font id="ancre_2">ancre 2.</font> Ces deux lignes sont des ancres vers lesquelles des liens internes à cette pages peuvent pointer. Des liens de pages externes aussi, d'ailleurs. | <pre><nowiki><font id="ancre_1">ancre 1.</font> <font id="ancre_2">ancre 2.</font></nowiki></pre> remarquer que la balise <nowiki><font></nowiki> n'est effectivement pas censée avoir d'effet de mise en forme. Elle n'est là que parce qu'il est nécessaire d'utiliser une balise HTML afin d'y placer un paramètre ''id'' qui indique le nom de l'ancre. Ça devrait pouvoir être n'importe quelle balise HTML que le wiki reconnaît. |----- valign="top" | Les liens vers des ancres externes sont des liens normaux qui pointent vers une ancre de la page vers laquelle ils dirigent. [[Wikipédia:Syntaxe wikipédia/Lien ancré#ancre_1|lien]] vers l'ancre 1 externe. [[Wikipédia:Syntaxe wikipédia/Lien ancré#ancre_2|lien]] vers l'ancre 2 externe. Ces deux ancres se trouvent sur la [[Wikipédia:Syntaxe wikipédia/Lien ancré|page d'explication des liens ancrés]]. | <pre><nowiki>[[Wikipédia:Syntaxe wikipédia/Lien ancré#ancre_1|lien]] vers l'ancre 1 externe. [[Wikipédia:Syntaxe wikipédia/Lien ancré#ancre_2|lien]] vers l'ancre 2 externe.</nowiki></pre> On crée un lien normalement, en ajoutant un dièse (#) suivi du nom de l'ancre vers laquelle le lien pointe à la fin du nom de la page pointée. |----- valign="top" | Les liens internes sont des liens normaux qui pointent vers des ancres de la page courante : [[#ancre_1|lien vers l'ancre 1]]. [[#ancre_2|lien vers l'ancre 2]]. | <pre><nowiki>[[#ancre_1|lien vers l'ancre 1]]. [[#ancre_2|lien vers l'ancre 2]].</nowiki></pre> Le nom de la page courante est toutefois implicite. |----- | colspan="2" | === Les adresses internet === |----- valign="top" | Lien externe : [http://www.nupedia.com Nupedia] | <pre>Lien externe : [http://www.nupedia.com Nupedia]</pre> |----- valign="top" | Mais l'adresse internet suffit : http://www.nupedia.com.<br/> (Bien pratique si on veut imprimer la page.) | <pre>Mais l'adresse internet suffit : http://www.nupedia.com.</pre> |----- | Il existe toute une liste de ''préfixes'' utilisables ainsi: <nowiki>[[prefixe:valeur]]</nowiki>.<br/>Une liste complète est disponible sur [[m:Interwiki map]] (en anglais) | Exemple: <nowiki>[[google:Wikipédia]]</nowiki> donne [[google:Wikipédia|ceci]] |----- | colspan="2" | === Les images === |----- valign="top" | '''Insérer une image :''' [[Image:Wiki-exemple.png]]<br/> Pour ajouter une image, vous devez d'abord la copier sur le serveur, ce qui suppose de vous connecter comme utilisateur identifié, vous pouvez alors accéder à la page de copie sur le serveur : http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Premiers_pas<br/> <br/> Il faut ensuite placer le lien de l'image dans votre article.<br/> NE FAITES PAS de liens externes vers des fichiers se trouvant sur un serveur dont vous ne contrôlez pas le contenu ! Pour l'accessibilité des mal-voyants, il est conseillé d'ajouter le "nom de l'image", ceci permet au lecteur vocal ou à la tablette braille de fournir un descriptif parlant, là où il y a une image. Voir [[Wikipédia:Règles d'utilisation des images]] pour de plus amples informations à ce sujet. | <pre><nowiki>[[Image:Wiki-exemple.png]]</nowiki></pre> ou <br/> <pre><nowiki>[[Image:Wiki-exemple.png|nom de l'image]]</nowiki></pre> |----- | '''Faire "flotter" une image'''<br/><br/> [[Image:Wiki-exemple.png|left]] Quand une image n'occupe pas la largeur de la page, il peut être agréable de la placer à gauche et que le texte s'écrive le long de celle-ci du côté droit.<br/> Pour cela, il vous suffit de recopier le code ci-contre à l'endroit où vous souhaitez voir l'image et de remplacer les parties en italique par le lien vers l'image et par la légende de l'image.<br/><br/> Si vous souhaitez placer l'image du côté droit, remplacer ''left'' par ''right''<br/> | <tt><nowiki>[[</nowiki>Image:<i>nom-image.png</i>|left|<i>Légende</i>]]<br/> Quand une image n'occupe pas la largeur de la page ... </tt> |----- | '''Faire "flotter" plusieurs images'''<br/> [[Image:Icon_no.png|left]][[Image: Icon_yes.png|left]]Plusieurs images qui "flottent" à la suite elles se positionnent les unes à coté des autres. <div style="float:right;padding:15px">[[Image:Icon_no.png]]<br/>[[Image: Icon_yes.png]]</div>Il est possible de forcer l'affichage d'images les unes en dessous des autres. Pour un meilleur rendu, cette astuce est à utiliser avec des images qui font la même largeur (voir ci dessous "Syntaxe étendue pour les images" pour imposer la taille des images). | <nowiki>[[Image:Icon_no.png|left]][[Image:Icon_yes.png|left]]</nowiki> Pour faire flotter un à coté de l'autre. <nowiki><div style="float:right;">[[Image:Icon_no.png]]<br/>[[Image: Icon_yes.png]]</div></nowiki> Pour faire flotter l'un en dessous de l'autre. |----- | colspan="2" | === Syntaxe étendue pour les images === |----- valign="top" | Une syntaxe étendue permet de contrôler la taille et la position des images:<br/> Les options disponibles sont les suivantes (si plusieurs options sont présentes, elles doivent être séparées par un signe <tt>|</tt>; il faut un <tt>|</tt> après la dernière option même si il n'y a pas de légende):<br/> *<tt>thumb</tt> ou <tt>thumbnail</tt> :permet de générer automatiquement une version réduite de l'image, dans un cadre. Par défaut, l'image sera alignée à droite. La légende, si présente, sera placée en dessous de l'image; une "icône loupe" placé à droite permet d'accéder à l'image en grandeur réelle. *<tt>framed</tt> :l'image est placée dans un cadre, comme avec l'option <tt>thumb</tt>, et accepte donc une légende mais n'est disponible que dans sa taille normale et l'"icône loupe" est donc absente. *<tt>right</tt> :permet d'aligner l'image à droite. Peut s'utiliser avec ou sans l'option <tt>thumb</tt>. *<tt>center</tt> :permet de centrer l'image. Peut s'utiliser avec ou sans l'option <tt>thumb</tt>. *<tt>left</tt> :permet d'aligner l'image à gauche. Peut s'utiliser avec ou sans l'option <tt>thumb</tt>. *<tt>none</tt> :permet de supprimer l'alignement par defaut. Cette option est surtout utile pour les images insérées dans un tableau. *<tt>''largeur'' px</tt> :permet de specifier la largeur de la version réduite. L'image affichée gardera le même aspect que l'image grandeur réelle. | <tt><nowiki>[[</nowiki>Image:''nom de l'image''|''options''|''légende'']] |} == Mise en forme des caractères == {| border="1" |----- valign="top" | ''Faire ressortir un mot'', '''un peu plus''', '''''encore plus'''''.<br/> À utiliser également dans les formules : '''F''' = ''m'' '''a'''. | <pre>''Faire ressortir un mot'', '''un peu plus''', '''''encore plus'''''. '''F''' = ''m'' '''a'''.</pre> |----- | <font size="+1" color="red">Polices amusantes</font><br/> Mais <code>== ... ==</code> est plus approprié pour séparer des sections. | <pre>&lt;font size="+2" color="red"&gt;Polices amusantes&lt;/font&gt;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Police machine à écrire pour les <tt>termes techniques</tt>. | <pre>&lt;tt&gt;termes techniques&lt;/tt&gt;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Vous pouvez <strike>barrer</strike> certains mots<br/> et <u>en souligner d'autres...</u>. Pratique ... | <pre>Vous pouvez &lt;strike&gt;barrer&lt;/strike&gt; certains mots et &lt;u&gt;en souligner d'autres...&lt;/u&gt;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Umlauts et accents : (cf [[Aide:Caractères spéciaux]] et [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Special_Characters Wiki special characters] (en anglais)<br/> À Á Â Ã Ä Å Æ <br/> Ç È É Ê Ë Ì Í <br/> Î Ï Ñ Ò Ó Ô Õ Œ<br/> Ö Ø Ù Ú Û Ü ß <br/> à á â ã ä å æ <br/> ç è é ê ë ì í <br/> î ï ñ ò ó ô õ œ<br/> ö ø ù ú û ü ÿ<br/> Note : depuis le passage à l'[[unicode]] on peut aussi parfaitement écrire les caractères spéciaux directement sans aucun souci. | <pre> &amp;Agrave; &amp;Aacute; &amp;Acirc; &amp;Atilde; &amp;Auml; &amp;Aring; &amp;AElig; &amp;Ccedil; &amp;Egrave; &amp;Eacute; &amp;Ecirc; &amp;Euml; &amp;Igrave; &amp;Iacute; &amp;Icirc; &amp;Iuml; &amp;Ntilde; &amp;Ograve; &amp;Oacute; &amp;Ocirc; &amp;Otilde; &amp;OElig; &amp;Ouml; &amp;Oslash; &amp;Ugrave; &amp;Uacute; &amp;Ucirc; &amp;Uuml; &amp;szlig; &amp;agrave; &amp;aacute; &amp;acirc; &amp;atilde; &amp;auml; &amp;aring; &amp;aelig; &amp;ccedil; &amp;egrave; &amp;eacute; &amp;ecirc; &amp;euml; &amp;igrave; &amp;iacute; &amp;icirc; &amp;iuml; &amp;ntilde; &amp;ograve; &amp;oacute; &amp;ocirc; &amp;otilde; &amp;oelig; &amp;ouml; &amp;oslash; &amp;ugrave; &amp;uacute; &amp;ucirc; &amp;uuml; &amp;yuml;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Ponctuations : ¿ ¡ « » § ¶<br/> † ‡ • | <pre>&amp;iquest; &amp;iexcl; &amp;laquo; &amp;raquo; &amp;sect; &amp;para; &amp;dagger; &amp;Dagger; &amp;bull; </pre> |----- valign="top" | Caractères spéciaux : ™ © ® ¢ € ¥ £ ¤ | <pre>&amp;trade; &amp;copy; &amp;reg; &amp;cent; &amp;euro; &amp;yen; &amp;pound; &amp;curren; </pre> |----- valign="top" | Indice (subscript en anglais) : x<sub>2</sub> et<br/> Exposant (superscript en anglais) : x<sup>2</sup> | <pre>Indice : x&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; et Exposant : x&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Caractères grecs : α β γ δ ε ζ η<br/> θ ι κ λ μ ν ξ <br/> π ρ σ ς τ υ φ<br/> χ ψ ω <br/> Γ Δ Θ Λ Ξ Π Σ <br/> Φ Ψ Ω | <pre>&amp;alpha; &amp;beta; &amp;gamma; &amp;delta; &amp;epsilon; &amp;zeta; &amp;eta; &amp;theta; &amp;iota; &amp;kappa; &amp;lambda; &amp;mu; &amp;nu; &amp;xi; &amp;pi; &amp;rho; &amp;sigma; &amp;sigmaf; &amp;tau; &amp;upsilon; &amp;phi; &amp;chi; &amp;psi; &amp;omega; &amp;Gamma; &amp;Delta; &amp;Theta; &amp;Lambda; &amp;Xi; &amp;Pi; &amp;Sigma; &amp;Phi; &amp;Psi; &amp;Omega; </pre> |----- valign="top" | Caractères mathématiques : (cf. [[Wikipedia:Caractères spéciaux]] et [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Special_Characters Wiki special characters] (en anglais)) <br/> ∫ ∑ ∏ √ ± ∞ <br/> ≈ ∝ ≡ ≠ ≤ ≥ → <br/> × · ÷ ∂ ′ ″ ∇ <br/> ‰ ° ∴ ℵ<br/> ø ∈ ∋ ∩ ∪ ⊂ ⊃ ⊆ ⊇<br/> ¬ ∧ ∨ ∃ ∀ ⇒ ⇔ | valign="middle" | <pre>&amp;int; &amp;sum; &amp;prod; &amp;radic; &amp;plusmn; &amp;infin; &amp;asymp; &amp;prop; &amp;equiv; &amp;ne; &amp;le; &amp;ge; &amp;rarr; &amp;times; &amp;middot; &amp;divide; &amp;part; &amp;prime; &amp;Prime; &amp;nabla; &amp;permil; &amp;deg; &amp;there4; &amp;alefsym; &amp;oslash; &amp;isin; &amp;ni; &amp;cap; &amp;cup; &amp;sub; &amp;sup; &amp;sube; &amp;supe; &amp;not; &amp;and; &amp;or; &amp;exist; &amp;forall; &amp;rArr; &amp;hArr;</pre> |----- valign="top" | Plus d'espace que d'habitude, sans saut de ligne : x<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;≥&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;0 est vrai.<br/> Utile pour les formules. | <pre>;x<sup>2</sup>&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;ge;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;0 </pre> |----- | ASCII art (Commencer chaque ligne par un blanc) :<br/> ∞ -x<sup>2</sup> ∫ e dx = √π -∞ Malgré tout, la racine carrée est très moche. | <pre> &amp;infin; -x<sup>2</sup> &amp;int; e dx = &amp;radic;&amp;pi; -&amp;infin;</pre> |----- | Formules mathématiques compliquées :<br/> &nbsp;&nbsp;<math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}</math> * Voir [[Wikipédia:Formules TeX]] | <pre><nowiki> <math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}</math> </nowiki></pre> |----- | Suppression de l'interprétation du ''markup'' :<br/> <nowiki>Lien → (<i>vers</i>) la [[Wikipédia:FAQ]]</nowiki> * Est utilisé pour montrer littéralement des données qui autrement auraient une signification spéciale. * Tous les ''markup'' wiki sont ignorés, y compris ceux ressemblant à des tags HTML. * Les caractères HTML spéciaux sont toujours interprétés. | <pre><nowiki><nowiki>Lien → (<i>vers</i>) la [[Wikipédia:FAQ]]</nowiki></nowiki></pre> |} == Tableaux == Le logiciel permet d'utiliser deux syntaxes: # la "Wiki" expliquée dans la sous-page: [[Aide:Syntaxe wikipédia/tableaux]] # "classique" utilisant le [[Hypertext markup language|HTML]] mais dont l'usage est déprécié. {| border="1" |+ Un exemple de tableau |- ! Premier en-tête ! Deuxième en-tête ! Troisième en-tête |- | Haut gauche || Haut milieu || rowspan="2" | Côté droit |- | Bas gauche || Bas milieu |- | colspan="3" align="center" | ligne du bas |} '''Voir également''' [[meta:Wikipedia_DTD]], [[Aide:Guide d'utilisation des tableaux]] et [[Aide:Modèle]] == Commentaire == Attention, les commentaires dans les articles sont '''strictement''' réservés à la maintenance de la page. Les commentaires sur le contenu de l'article sont à mettre dans la page discussion attachée à l'article en question. <nowiki><!-- Note : Cette page est en cours de rédaction, veuillez patienter avant de l'éditer. --></nowiki> == Identification dans les pages de discussion == {| border="1" |----- | Seulement le pseudonyme:<br/> [[Utilisateur:Aoineko|Aoineko]] | <nowiki>~~~ (3 tildes)</nowiki> |----- | Pseudonyme et date:<br/> [[Utilisateur:Aoineko|Aoineko]] 03:17 Nov 8, 2002 (CET) | <nowiki>~~~~ (4 tildes)</nowiki> |----- | Date:<br/> 03:17 Nov 8, 2002 (CET) | <nowiki>~~~~~ (5 tildes)</nowiki> |} == Catégories == Pour la syntaxe propre à l'utilisation des catégories, voir l'article [[Aide:Catégorie]] {{Contribuer}} [[ar:ويكيبيديا:مساعدة التحرير]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Как се редактират страници]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Jak redigovat stránku]] [[da:Wikipedia:Hvordan redigerer jeg en side]] [[de:Wikipedia:Handbuch - Artikel bearbeiten]] [[el:Wikipedia:Πώς να επεξεργαστείτε μια σελίδα]] [[en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Kiel redakti pagxon]] [[es:Wikipedia:Cómo se edita una página]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kuinka_sivuja_muokataan]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Conas a cuirtear leathanach in eagar]] [[he:ויקיפדיה:איך לערוך דף]] [[hu:Wikipédia:Hogyan szerkessz egy lapot]] [[it:Wikipedia:Guida_essenziale]] [[ja:Wikipedia:編集の仕方]] [[minnan:Help:Editing]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cum să editezi o pagină]] [[ru:Как редактировать страницу]] [[simple:Wikipedia:How to edit]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Urejevanje slovenskih strani]] [[sr:Википедија:Како се мења страна]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Hur man redigerar en sida]] [[th:Wikipedia:การแก้ไขหน้า]] [[vi:Help:Sửa đổi]] [[zh-cn:Help:如何编辑页面]] [[zh-tw:Wikipedia:如何編輯頁面]] Wikipedia:Bísó na bísó 1024 2191 2005-01-24T00:13:48Z Bombo 12 {| cellspacing="6px" | width="70%" style="border: 1px solid #6688AA; background-color:#efefef; padding:0.5em;" valign="middle"| <div style="font-size:14pt;">Einsteigerinformationen</div> <br /> [[Wikipedia:Erste Schritte|Erste Schritte]] | [[Wikipedia:Zweite Schritte|Zweite Schritte]] | [[Wikipedia:Spielwiese|Spielwiese]] | [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] | [[Wikipedia:Beteiligen|Beteiligen]] | [[Wikipedia:Ich brauche Hilfe|Ich brauche Hilfe]] | '''[[:media:Wpeinsteigerinfo11.pdf|Einsteiger-Infos zum Download (pdf-Datei)]]''' | rowspan="4" width="30%" style="border: none; background-color:#efefef; padding:0em;" valign="top" | 2192 2005-01-24T00:31:07Z Bombo 12 {| cellspacing="6px" | width="70%" style="border: 1px solid #6688AA; background-color:#efefef; padding:0.5em;" valign="middle"| <div style="font-size:14pt;">Einsteigerinformationen</div> <br /> [[Wikipedia:Erste Schritte|Erste Schritte]] | [[Wikipedia:Zweite Schritte|Zweite Schritte]] | [[Wikipedia:Spielwiese|Spielwiese]] | [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] | [[Wikipedia:Beteiligen|Beteiligen]] | [[Wikipedia:Ich brauche Hilfe|Ich brauche Hilfe]] | '''[[:media:Wpeinsteigerinfo11.pdf|Einsteiger-Infos zum Download (pdf-Datei)]]''' | rowspan="4" width="30%" style="border: none; background-color:#efefef; padding:0em;" valign="top" | [[ar:&#1608;&#1610;&#1603;&#1610;&#1576;&#1610;&#1583;&#1610;&#1575;:&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1610;&#1583;&#1575;&#1606;]] [[bg:&#1059;&#1080;&#1082;&#1080;&#1087;&#1077;&#1076;&#1080;&#1103;:&#1056;&#1072;&#1079;&#1075;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;&#1088;&#1080;]] [[ca:Discussió:Portada]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Pod lípou]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Y_Caffi]] [[da:Wikipedia:Landsbybr%F8nden]] [[en:Wikipedia:Village Pump]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babilejo]] [[es:Wikipedia:Café]] [[et:Vikipeedia:üldine arutelu]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Txoko]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kahvihuone]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Le Bistro]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Halla baile]] [[he:&#1493;&#1497;&#1511;&#1497;&#1508;&#1491;&#1497;&#1492;:&#1502;&#1494;&#1504;&#1493;&#1503;]] [[hi:&#2357;&#2367;&#2325;&#2367;&#2346;&#2368;&#2337;&#2367;&#2351;&#2366;:&#2327;&#2366;&#2305;&#2357; &#2325;&#2366; &#2346;&#2350;&#2381;&#2346;]] [[hr:Wikipedia:Kafi&#263;]] [[id:Wikipedia:Warung Kopi]] [[is:Wikipedia:Potturinn]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bar]] [[ja:Wikipedia:&#20117;&#25144;&#31471;]] [[ko:&#50948;&#53412;&#48177;&#44284;:&#49324;&#50857;&#51088; &#47784;&#51076;]] [[la:Wikipedia:Taberna]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Kedai Kopi]] [[na:Wikipedia:Tekawa ewak]] [[nah:Wikipedia:Tlatlahtoaloyan]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Ik bruuk hülp]] [[nl:Wikipedia:De kroeg]] [[no:Wikipedia:Vannposten]] [[oc:Oiquipedià:La tavèrna]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Kawiarenka pod Weso&#322;ym Encyklopedyst&#261;]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Esplanada]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cafenea]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Simple talk]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Kr&#269;ma]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Pod lipo]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Kuvendi]] [[sr:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Bybrunnen]] [[zh:Wikipedia:&#20114;&#21161;&#23458;&#26632;]] [[minnan:Wikipedia:Chhiū-á-kha]] <div style="border: 1px solid #ffad80; padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; color: #000; background-color: #fff7cb;"> <center>'''[http://www.livejournal.com/community/wikitech/1432.html Warum ist die Wikipedia häufig so laaaaaaaaaangsam?]''' <small>(englisch)</small></center> </div> <br /> 2193 2005-01-24T00:33:17Z Bombo 12 {| cellspacing="6px" | width="70%" style="border: 1px solid #6688AA; background-color:#efefef; padding:0.5em;" valign="middle"| <div style="font-size:14pt;">Einsteigerinformationen</div> <br /> [[Wikipedia:Premiers pas|Premiers pas]] | [[Wikipedia:Zweite Schritte|Zweite Schritte]] | [[Wikipedia:Spielwiese|Spielwiese]] | [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] | [[Wikipedia:Beteiligen|Beteiligen]] | [[Wikipedia:Ich brauche Hilfe|Ich brauche Hilfe]] | '''[[:media:Wpeinsteigerinfo11.pdf|Einsteiger-Infos zum Download (pdf-Datei)]]''' | rowspan="4" width="30%" style="border: none; background-color:#efefef; padding:0em;" valign="top" | [[ar:&#1608;&#1610;&#1603;&#1610;&#1576;&#1610;&#1583;&#1610;&#1575;:&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1610;&#1583;&#1575;&#1606;]] [[bg:&#1059;&#1080;&#1082;&#1080;&#1087;&#1077;&#1076;&#1080;&#1103;:&#1056;&#1072;&#1079;&#1075;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;&#1088;&#1080;]] [[ca:Discussió:Portada]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Pod lípou]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Y_Caffi]] [[da:Wikipedia:Landsbybr%F8nden]] [[en:Wikipedia:Village Pump]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babilejo]] [[es:Wikipedia:Café]] [[et:Vikipeedia:üldine arutelu]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Txoko]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kahvihuone]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Le Bistro]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Halla baile]] [[he:&#1493;&#1497;&#1511;&#1497;&#1508;&#1491;&#1497;&#1492;:&#1502;&#1494;&#1504;&#1493;&#1503;]] [[hi:&#2357;&#2367;&#2325;&#2367;&#2346;&#2368;&#2337;&#2367;&#2351;&#2366;:&#2327;&#2366;&#2305;&#2357; &#2325;&#2366; &#2346;&#2350;&#2381;&#2346;]] [[hr:Wikipedia:Kafi&#263;]] [[id:Wikipedia:Warung Kopi]] [[is:Wikipedia:Potturinn]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bar]] [[ja:Wikipedia:&#20117;&#25144;&#31471;]] [[ko:&#50948;&#53412;&#48177;&#44284;:&#49324;&#50857;&#51088; &#47784;&#51076;]] [[la:Wikipedia:Taberna]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Kedai Kopi]] [[na:Wikipedia:Tekawa ewak]] [[nah:Wikipedia:Tlatlahtoaloyan]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Ik bruuk hülp]] [[nl:Wikipedia:De kroeg]] [[no:Wikipedia:Vannposten]] [[oc:Oiquipedià:La tavèrna]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Kawiarenka pod Weso&#322;ym Encyklopedyst&#261;]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Esplanada]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cafenea]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Simple talk]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Kr&#269;ma]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Pod lipo]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Kuvendi]] [[sr:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Bybrunnen]] [[zh:Wikipedia:&#20114;&#21161;&#23458;&#26632;]] [[minnan:Wikipedia:Chhiū-á-kha]] <div style="border: 1px solid #ffad80; padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; color: #000; background-color: #fff7cb;"> <center>'''[http://www.livejournal.com/community/wikitech/1432.html Pourquoi Wikipédia est parfois siiiiii lent?]''' <small>(englisch)</small></center> </div> <br /> 2194 2005-01-24T00:34:03Z Bombo 12 {| cellspacing="6px" | width="70%" style="border: 1px solid #6688AA; background-color:#efefef; padding:0.5em;" valign="middle"| <div style="font-size:14pt;">Einsteigerinformationen</div> <br /> [[Wikipedia:Premiers pas|Premiers pas]] | [[Wikipedia:Zweite Schritte|Zweite Schritte]] | [[Wikipedia:Spielwiese|Spielwiese]] | [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] | [[Wikipedia:Beteiligen|Beteiligen]] | [[Wikipedia:Foire aux questions|J'ai besoin d'aide]] | '''[[:media:Wpeinsteigerinfo11.pdf|Einsteiger-Infos zum Download (pdf-Datei)]]''' | rowspan="4" width="30%" style="border: none; background-color:#efefef; padding:0em;" valign="top" | [[ar:&#1608;&#1610;&#1603;&#1610;&#1576;&#1610;&#1583;&#1610;&#1575;:&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1610;&#1583;&#1575;&#1606;]] [[bg:&#1059;&#1080;&#1082;&#1080;&#1087;&#1077;&#1076;&#1080;&#1103;:&#1056;&#1072;&#1079;&#1075;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;&#1088;&#1080;]] [[ca:Discussió:Portada]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Pod lípou]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Y_Caffi]] [[da:Wikipedia:Landsbybr%F8nden]] [[en:Wikipedia:Village Pump]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babilejo]] [[es:Wikipedia:Café]] [[et:Vikipeedia:üldine arutelu]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Txoko]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kahvihuone]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Le Bistro]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Halla baile]] [[he:&#1493;&#1497;&#1511;&#1497;&#1508;&#1491;&#1497;&#1492;:&#1502;&#1494;&#1504;&#1493;&#1503;]] [[hi:&#2357;&#2367;&#2325;&#2367;&#2346;&#2368;&#2337;&#2367;&#2351;&#2366;:&#2327;&#2366;&#2305;&#2357; &#2325;&#2366; &#2346;&#2350;&#2381;&#2346;]] [[hr:Wikipedia:Kafi&#263;]] [[id:Wikipedia:Warung Kopi]] [[is:Wikipedia:Potturinn]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bar]] [[ja:Wikipedia:&#20117;&#25144;&#31471;]] [[ko:&#50948;&#53412;&#48177;&#44284;:&#49324;&#50857;&#51088; &#47784;&#51076;]] [[la:Wikipedia:Taberna]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Kedai Kopi]] [[na:Wikipedia:Tekawa ewak]] [[nah:Wikipedia:Tlatlahtoaloyan]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Ik bruuk hülp]] [[nl:Wikipedia:De kroeg]] [[no:Wikipedia:Vannposten]] [[oc:Oiquipedià:La tavèrna]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Kawiarenka pod Weso&#322;ym Encyklopedyst&#261;]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Esplanada]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cafenea]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Simple talk]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Kr&#269;ma]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Pod lipo]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Kuvendi]] [[sr:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Bybrunnen]] [[zh:Wikipedia:&#20114;&#21161;&#23458;&#26632;]] [[minnan:Wikipedia:Chhiū-á-kha]] <div style="border: 1px solid #ffad80; padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; color: #000; background-color: #fff7cb;"> <center>'''[http://www.livejournal.com/community/wikitech/1432.html Pourquoi Wikipédia est parfois siiiiii lent?]''' <small>(englisch)</small></center> </div> <br /> 2203 2005-01-24T00:34:33Z Bombo 12 {| cellspacing="6px" | width="70%" style="border: 1px solid #6688AA; background-color:#efefef; padding:0.5em;" valign="middle"| <div style="font-size:14pt;">Informations pour débuter</div> <br /> [[Wikipedia:Premiers pas|Premiers pas]] | [[Wikipedia:Zweite Schritte|Zweite Schritte]] | [[Wikipedia:Spielwiese|Spielwiese]] | [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] | [[Wikipedia:Beteiligen|Beteiligen]] | [[Wikipedia:Foire aux questions|J'ai besoin d'aide]] | '''[[:media:Wpeinsteigerinfo11.pdf|Einsteiger-Infos zum Download (pdf-Datei)]]''' | rowspan="4" width="30%" style="border: none; background-color:#efefef; padding:0em;" valign="top" | [[ar:&#1608;&#1610;&#1603;&#1610;&#1576;&#1610;&#1583;&#1610;&#1575;:&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1610;&#1583;&#1575;&#1606;]] [[bg:&#1059;&#1080;&#1082;&#1080;&#1087;&#1077;&#1076;&#1080;&#1103;:&#1056;&#1072;&#1079;&#1075;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;&#1088;&#1080;]] [[ca:Discussió:Portada]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Pod lípou]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Y_Caffi]] [[da:Wikipedia:Landsbybr%F8nden]] [[en:Wikipedia:Village Pump]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babilejo]] [[es:Wikipedia:Café]] [[et:Vikipeedia:üldine arutelu]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Txoko]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kahvihuone]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Le Bistro]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Halla baile]] [[he:&#1493;&#1497;&#1511;&#1497;&#1508;&#1491;&#1497;&#1492;:&#1502;&#1494;&#1504;&#1493;&#1503;]] [[hi:&#2357;&#2367;&#2325;&#2367;&#2346;&#2368;&#2337;&#2367;&#2351;&#2366;:&#2327;&#2366;&#2305;&#2357; &#2325;&#2366; &#2346;&#2350;&#2381;&#2346;]] [[hr:Wikipedia:Kafi&#263;]] [[id:Wikipedia:Warung Kopi]] [[is:Wikipedia:Potturinn]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bar]] [[ja:Wikipedia:&#20117;&#25144;&#31471;]] [[ko:&#50948;&#53412;&#48177;&#44284;:&#49324;&#50857;&#51088; &#47784;&#51076;]] [[la:Wikipedia:Taberna]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Kedai Kopi]] [[na:Wikipedia:Tekawa ewak]] [[nah:Wikipedia:Tlatlahtoaloyan]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Ik bruuk hülp]] [[nl:Wikipedia:De kroeg]] [[no:Wikipedia:Vannposten]] [[oc:Oiquipedià:La tavèrna]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Kawiarenka pod Weso&#322;ym Encyklopedyst&#261;]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Esplanada]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cafenea]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Simple talk]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Kr&#269;ma]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Pod lipo]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Kuvendi]] [[sr:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Bybrunnen]] [[zh:Wikipedia:&#20114;&#21161;&#23458;&#26632;]] [[minnan:Wikipedia:Chhiū-á-kha]] <div style="border: 1px solid #ffad80; padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; color: #000; background-color: #fff7cb;"> <center>'''[http://www.livejournal.com/community/wikitech/1432.html Pourquoi Wikipédia est parfois siiiiii lent?]''' <small>(englisch)</small></center> </div> <br /> 2204 2005-01-26T14:44:37Z Bombo 12 <div style="font-size:14pt;">Informations pour débuter</div> <br /> [[Wikipedia:Premiers pas|Premiers pas]] | [[Wikipedia:Zweite Schritte|Zweite Schritte]] | [[Wikipedia:Spielwiese|Spielwiese]] | [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] | [[Wikipedia:Beteiligen|Beteiligen]] | [[Wikipedia:Foire aux questions|J'ai besoin d'aide]] | '''[[:media:Wpeinsteigerinfo11.pdf|Einsteiger-Infos zum Download (pdf-Datei)]]''' | rowspan="4" width="50%" style="border: none; background-color:#efefef; padding:0em;" valign="top" | <div style="width:35%;float:right;"> <div style="background:#def;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Neuigkeite </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Bild:Megaphon.png]]</div> * Mir mache us dere Syte äs Gmeinschafts-Portal u sammle dadrzue no [[Wikipedia_Diskussion:Gemeinschafts-Portal|Idee u Vorschläg]]. Di Diskussione si uf [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] züglet. * Links i dr Navigation hets ä Link «[[Wikipedia:Aktuelle Meldungen|Aktuelli Mäldige]]». Wär wott sech um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? * Di alemannischi Wikipedia het sit Churzem es alemannisches [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo]]. Wenns bi dir nonid aazeigt wird, hiuft mängisch ä Reload (im Browser uf «Aktualisieren» klicke). </div><div style="background:#fff;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Erschti Hilf </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Bild:Firstaid.gif]]</div> * '''[[Wikipedia:Erste Schritte|Erschti Schritt]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Ändern|Tipps für ds Bearbeite]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Spielwiese|Uusprobiere]]''' * '''[[Wikipedia:Ich brauche Hilfe|Frage stelle]]''' </div> </div> <div style="float:left;width:65%;"> <div style="background:#dfe;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Mitmache! </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Bild:Symbol_mitmache.png]]</div> * '''[[Spezial:Shortpages|Artikel verbessere]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel wo vil z’churz sind. * '''[[Spezial:Deadendpages|Stichwört verlinke]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel oni Links. * '''[[Spezial:Wantedpages|Neui Tekscht verfasse]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel wo brucht werde. * '''[[Wikipedia:Ich brauche Hilfe|Anderne Benutzer hälfe]]:''' Frage vo neue Benutzer beantworte. * '''[[Wikipedia:Administratoren|Admin wärde]]:''' Spam lösche und Vandalismus verhindere. * '''[[Houptsyte|Hauptsyte gestalte]]:''' Jedi Wuche gits es aktuells Thema. * '''[[Wikipedia:Aktuelle Meldungen|Nachrichte schrybe]]:''' Aktuelli Mäldige ufem neuschte Stand halte. </div><div style="background:#fed;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Diskussions-Sytene </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Bild:Symbol_Kaffee.png]]</div> * '''[[Diskussion:Houptsyte|Houptsyte]]:''' Alles wo eu a de «Houptsyte» gfallt odr nid gfallt, Änderigsvorschläg, Wünsch für es aktuells Thema etc. [[Diskussion:Houptsyte|Diskutire&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Diskussion:Gemeinschafts-Portal|Gmeinschafts-Portal]]:''' Was machet mir us dere Syte für d’Wikipedia-Gmeind? Wie händs di andere gmacht? [[Wikipedia_Diskussion: Gemeinschafts-Portal|Kommentiere&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Diskussion:Aktuelle Meldungen|Aktuelli Mäldige]]:''' Links i de Navigation hätts en Link «[[Wikipedia:Aktuelle Meldungen|Aktuelli Mäldige]]». Wer wott sich um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? [[Wikipedia_Diskussion:Aktuelle Meldungen|Bitte mälde&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild|Wikipedia generell]]''': Vor allem Diskussione zur Umstellig vo Elsässerditsch uf Alemannisch. [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] * '''[[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo-Tekscht]]:''' Sinder mit dere Kompromiss-Lösig z’fride? [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Aaluege&nbsp;…]] * '''[[MediaWiki_Diskussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|De «Style» vo dr alemannische Wikipedia]]:''' Alles über Layout und Syte-Gestaltig: d’Schriftgrössi, de Hindergrund, d’Farb vo de Links … [[MediaWiki_Diskussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|Vorschläg sammle&nbsp;…]] </div> [[ar:&#1608;&#1610;&#1603;&#1610;&#1576;&#1610;&#1583;&#1610;&#1575;:&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1610;&#1583;&#1575;&#1606;]] [[bg:&#1059;&#1080;&#1082;&#1080;&#1087;&#1077;&#1076;&#1080;&#1103;:&#1056;&#1072;&#1079;&#1075;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;&#1088;&#1080;]] [[ca:Discussió:Portada]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Pod lípou]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Y_Caffi]] [[da:Wikipedia:Landsbybr%F8nden]] [[en:Wikipedia:Village Pump]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babilejo]] [[es:Wikipedia:Café]] [[et:Vikipeedia:üldine arutelu]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Txoko]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kahvihuone]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Le Bistro]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Halla baile]] [[he:&#1493;&#1497;&#1511;&#1497;&#1508;&#1491;&#1497;&#1492;:&#1502;&#1494;&#1504;&#1493;&#1503;]] [[hi:&#2357;&#2367;&#2325;&#2367;&#2346;&#2368;&#2337;&#2367;&#2351;&#2366;:&#2327;&#2366;&#2305;&#2357; &#2325;&#2366; &#2346;&#2350;&#2381;&#2346;]] [[hr:Wikipedia:Kafi&#263;]] [[id:Wikipedia:Warung Kopi]] [[is:Wikipedia:Potturinn]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bar]] [[ja:Wikipedia:&#20117;&#25144;&#31471;]] [[ko:&#50948;&#53412;&#48177;&#44284;:&#49324;&#50857;&#51088; &#47784;&#51076;]] [[la:Wikipedia:Taberna]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Kedai Kopi]] [[na:Wikipedia:Tekawa ewak]] [[nah:Wikipedia:Tlatlahtoaloyan]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Ik bruuk hülp]] [[nl:Wikipedia:De kroeg]] [[no:Wikipedia:Vannposten]] [[oc:Oiquipedià:La tavèrna]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Kawiarenka pod Weso&#322;ym Encyklopedyst&#261;]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Esplanada]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cafenea]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Simple talk]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Kr&#269;ma]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Pod lipo]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Kuvendi]] [[sr:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Bybrunnen]] [[zh:Wikipedia:&#20114;&#21161;&#23458;&#26632;]] [[minnan:Wikipedia:Chhiū-á-kha]] <div style="border: 1px solid #ffad80; padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; color: #000; background-color: #fff7cb;"> <center>'''[http://www.livejournal.com/community/wikitech/1432.html Pourquoi Wikipédia est parfois siiiiii lent?]''' <small>(englisch)</small></center> </div> <br /> 2205 2005-01-26T15:04:24Z Bombo 12 <div style="background:#fdf;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2>Informations pour débuter</h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;"> [[Wikipedia:Premiers pas|Premiers pas]] | [[Wikipedia:Zweite Schritte|Zweite Schritte]] | [[Wikipedia:¨bac a sable|Spielwiese]] | [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] | [[Wikipedia:Beteiligen|Beteiligen]] | [[Wikipedia:Foire aux questions|J'ai besoin d'aide]] | '''[[:media:Wpeinsteigerinfo11.pdf|Einsteiger-Infos zum Download (pdf-Datei)]]''' <div style="width:35%;float:right;"> <div style="background:#def;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Nouvelles </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Megaphon.png]]</div> * Mir mache us dere Syte äs Gmeinschafts-Portal u sammle dadrzue no [[Wikipedia_Diskussion:Gemeinschafts-Portal|Idee u Vorschläg]]. Di Diskussione si uf [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] züglet. * Links i dr Navigation hets ä Link «[[Wikipedia:Aktuelle Meldungen|Aktuelli Mäldige]]». Wär wott sech um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? * Di alemannischi Wikipedia het sit Churzem es alemannisches [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo]]. Wenns bi dir nonid aazeigt wird, hiuft mängisch ä Reload (im Browser uf «Aktualisieren» klicke). </div><div style="background:#fff;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Premier Secours </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Firstaid.gif]]</div> * '''[[Wikipedia:Erste Schritte|Erschti Schritt]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Ändern|Tipps für ds Bearbeite]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Spielwiese|Uusprobiere]]''' * '''[[Wikipedia:Ich brauche Hilfe|Frage stelle]]''' </div> </div> <div style="float:left;width:65%;"> <div style="background:#dfe;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Participer! </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_mitmache.png]]</div> * '''[[Spezial:Shortpages|Artikel verbessere]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel wo vil z’churz sind. * '''[[Spezial:Deadendpages|Stichwört verlinke]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel oni Links. * '''[[Spezial:Wantedpages|Neui Tekscht verfasse]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel wo brucht werde. * '''[[Wikipedia:Ich brauche Hilfe|Anderne Benutzer hälfe]]:''' Frage vo neue Benutzer beantworte. * '''[[Wikipedia:Administratoren|Admin wärde]]:''' Spam lösche und Vandalismus verhindere. * '''[[Houptsyte|Hauptsyte gestalte]]:''' Jedi Wuche gits es aktuells Thema. * '''[[Wikipedia:Aktuelle Meldungen|Nachrichte schrybe]]:''' Aktuelli Mäldige ufem neuschte Stand halte. </div><div style="background:#fed;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Pages de Discussions </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_Kaffee.png]]</div> * '''[[Diskussion:Houptsyte|Houptsyte]]:''' Alles wo eu a de «Houptsyte» gfallt odr nid gfallt, Änderigsvorschläg, Wünsch für es aktuells Thema etc. [[Diskussion:Houptsyte|Diskutire&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Diskussion:Gemeinschafts-Portal|Gmeinschafts-Portal]]:''' Was machet mir us dere Syte für d’Wikipedia-Gmeind? Wie händs di andere gmacht? [[Wikipedia_Diskussion: Gemeinschafts-Portal|Kommentiere&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Diskussion:Aktuelle Meldungen|Aktuelli Mäldige]]:''' Links i de Navigation hätts en Link «[[Wikipedia:Aktuelle Meldungen|Aktuelli Mäldige]]». Wer wott sich um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? [[Wikipedia_Diskussion:Aktuelle Meldungen|Bitte mälde&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild|Wikipedia generell]]''': Vor allem Diskussione zur Umstellig vo Elsässerditsch uf Alemannisch. [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] * '''[[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo-Tekscht]]:''' Sinder mit dere Kompromiss-Lösig z’fride? [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Aaluege&nbsp;…]] * '''[[MediaWiki_Diskussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|De «Style» vo dr alemannische Wikipedia]]:''' Alles über Layout und Syte-Gestaltig: d’Schriftgrössi, de Hindergrund, d’Farb vo de Links … [[MediaWiki_Diskussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|Vorschläg sammle&nbsp;…]] </div> [[ar:&#1608;&#1610;&#1603;&#1610;&#1576;&#1610;&#1583;&#1610;&#1575;:&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1610;&#1583;&#1575;&#1606;]] [[bg:&#1059;&#1080;&#1082;&#1080;&#1087;&#1077;&#1076;&#1080;&#1103;:&#1056;&#1072;&#1079;&#1075;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;&#1088;&#1080;]] [[ca:Discussió:Portada]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Pod lípou]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Y_Caffi]] [[da:Wikipedia:Landsbybr%F8nden]] [[en:Wikipedia:Village Pump]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babilejo]] [[es:Wikipedia:Café]] [[et:Vikipeedia:üldine arutelu]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Txoko]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kahvihuone]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Le Bistro]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Halla baile]] [[he:&#1493;&#1497;&#1511;&#1497;&#1508;&#1491;&#1497;&#1492;:&#1502;&#1494;&#1504;&#1493;&#1503;]] [[hi:&#2357;&#2367;&#2325;&#2367;&#2346;&#2368;&#2337;&#2367;&#2351;&#2366;:&#2327;&#2366;&#2305;&#2357; &#2325;&#2366; &#2346;&#2350;&#2381;&#2346;]] [[hr:Wikipedia:Kafi&#263;]] [[id:Wikipedia:Warung Kopi]] [[is:Wikipedia:Potturinn]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bar]] [[ja:Wikipedia:&#20117;&#25144;&#31471;]] [[ko:&#50948;&#53412;&#48177;&#44284;:&#49324;&#50857;&#51088; &#47784;&#51076;]] [[la:Wikipedia:Taberna]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Kedai Kopi]] [[na:Wikipedia:Tekawa ewak]] [[nah:Wikipedia:Tlatlahtoaloyan]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Ik bruuk hülp]] [[nl:Wikipedia:De kroeg]] [[no:Wikipedia:Vannposten]] [[oc:Oiquipedià:La tavèrna]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Kawiarenka pod Weso&#322;ym Encyklopedyst&#261;]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Esplanada]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cafenea]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Simple talk]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Kr&#269;ma]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Pod lipo]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Kuvendi]] [[sr:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Bybrunnen]] [[zh:Wikipedia:&#20114;&#21161;&#23458;&#26632;]] [[minnan:Wikipedia:Chhiū-á-kha]] <div style="border: 1px solid #ffad80; padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; color: #000; background-color: #fff7cb;"> <center>'''[http://www.livejournal.com/community/wikitech/1432.html Pourquoi Wikipédia est parfois siiiiii lent?]''' <small>(englisch)</small></center> </div> <br /> 2206 2005-01-26T15:24:15Z Bombo 12 <div style="background:#fdf;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2>Informations pour débuter</h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-65px;z-index:3;"> </div> [[Wikipedia:Premiers pas|Premiers pas]] | [[Wikipedia:Zweite Schritte|Zweite Schritte]] | [[Wikipedia:bac a sable|Spielwiese]] | [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] | [[Wikipedia:Beteiligen|Beteiligen]] | [[Wikipedia:Foire aux questions|J'ai besoin d'aide]] | '''[[:media:Wpeinsteigerinfo11.pdf|Einsteiger-Infos zum Download (pdf-Datei)]]''' </div><div style="background:#fff;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <div style="width:35%;float:right;"> <div style="background:#def;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Nouvelles </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Megaphon.png]]</div> * Mir mache us dere Syte äs Gmeinschafts-Portal u sammle dadrzue no [[Wikipedia_Diskussion:Gemeinschafts-Portal|Idee u Vorschläg]]. Di Diskussione si uf [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] züglet. * Links i dr Navigation hets ä Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]». Wär wott sech um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? * Di alemannischi Wikipedia het sit Churzem es alemannisches [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo]]. Wenns bi dir nonid aazeigt wird, hiuft mängisch ä Reload (im Browser uf «Aktualisieren» klicke). </div><div style="background:#fff;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Premier Secours </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Firstaid.gif]]</div> * '''[[Wikipedia:Erste Schritte|Erschti Schritt]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Ändern|Tipps für ds Bearbeite]] * '''[[Wikipedia:bac a sable|Uusprobiere]]''' * '''[[Wikipedia:Ich brauche Hilfe|Frage stelle]]''' </div> </div> <div style="float:left;width:65%;"> <div style="background:#dfe;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Participer! </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_mitmache.png]]</div> * '''[[Special:Shortpages|Artikel verbessere]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel wo vil z’churz sind. * '''[[Special:Deadendpages|Stichwört verlinke]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel oni Links. * '''[[Special:Wantedpages|Neui Tekscht verfasse]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel wo brucht werde. * '''[[Wikipedia:Ich brauche Hilfe|Anderne Benutzer hälfe]]:''' Frage vo neue Benutzer beantworte. * '''[[Wikipedia:Administrator|Admin wärde]]:''' Spam lösche und Vandalismus verhindere. * '''[[Houptsyte|Hauptsyte gestalte]]:''' Jedi Wuche gits es aktuells Thema. * '''[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Nachrichte schrybe]]:''' Aktuelli Mäldige ufem neuschte Stand halte. </div><div style="background:#fed;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Pages de Discussions </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_Kaffee.png]]</div> * '''[[Diskussion:Houptsyte|Houptsyte]]:''' Alles wo eu a de «Houptsyte» gfallt odr nid gfallt, Änderigsvorschläg, Wünsch für es aktuells Thema etc. [[Diskussion:Houptsyte|Diskutire&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Diskussion:Gemeinschafts-Portal|Gmeinschafts-Portal]]:''' Was machet mir us dere Syte für d’Wikipedia-Gmeind? Wie händs di andere gmacht? [[Wikipedia_Discussion: Gemeinschafts-Portal|Kommentiere&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Diskussion:Aktuelle Meldungen|Aktuelli Mäldige]]:''' Links i de Navigation hätts en Link «[[Wikipedia:Aktuelle Meldungen|Aktuelli Mäldige]]». Wer wott sich um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? [[Wikipedia_Diskussion:Aktuelle Meldungen|Bitte mälde&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild|Wikipedia generell]]''': Vor allem Diskussione zur Umstellig vo Elsässerditsch uf Alemannisch. [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] * '''[[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo-Tekscht]]:''' Sinder mit dere Kompromiss-Lösig z’fride? [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Aaluege&nbsp;…]] * '''[[MediaWiki_Diskussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|De «Style» vo dr alemannische Wikipedia]]:''' Alles über Layout und Syte-Gestaltig: d’Schriftgrössi, de Hindergrund, d’Farb vo de Links … [[MediaWiki_Diskussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|Vorschläg sammle&nbsp;…]] </div> [[ar:&#1608;&#1610;&#1603;&#1610;&#1576;&#1610;&#1583;&#1610;&#1575;:&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1610;&#1583;&#1575;&#1606;]] [[bg:&#1059;&#1080;&#1082;&#1080;&#1087;&#1077;&#1076;&#1080;&#1103;:&#1056;&#1072;&#1079;&#1075;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;&#1088;&#1080;]] [[ca:Discussió:Portada]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Pod lípou]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Y_Caffi]] [[da:Wikipedia:Landsbybr%F8nden]] [[en:Wikipedia:Village Pump]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babilejo]] [[es:Wikipedia:Café]] [[et:Vikipeedia:üldine arutelu]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Txoko]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kahvihuone]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Le Bistro]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Halla baile]] [[he:&#1493;&#1497;&#1511;&#1497;&#1508;&#1491;&#1497;&#1492;:&#1502;&#1494;&#1504;&#1493;&#1503;]] [[hi:&#2357;&#2367;&#2325;&#2367;&#2346;&#2368;&#2337;&#2367;&#2351;&#2366;:&#2327;&#2366;&#2305;&#2357; &#2325;&#2366; &#2346;&#2350;&#2381;&#2346;]] [[hr:Wikipedia:Kafi&#263;]] [[id:Wikipedia:Warung Kopi]] [[is:Wikipedia:Potturinn]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bar]] [[ja:Wikipedia:&#20117;&#25144;&#31471;]] [[ko:&#50948;&#53412;&#48177;&#44284;:&#49324;&#50857;&#51088; &#47784;&#51076;]] [[la:Wikipedia:Taberna]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Kedai Kopi]] [[na:Wikipedia:Tekawa ewak]] [[nah:Wikipedia:Tlatlahtoaloyan]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Ik bruuk hülp]] [[nl:Wikipedia:De kroeg]] [[no:Wikipedia:Vannposten]] [[oc:Oiquipedià:La tavèrna]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Kawiarenka pod Weso&#322;ym Encyklopedyst&#261;]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Esplanada]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cafenea]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Simple talk]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Kr&#269;ma]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Pod lipo]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Kuvendi]] [[sr:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Bybrunnen]] [[zh:Wikipedia:&#20114;&#21161;&#23458;&#26632;]] [[minnan:Wikipedia:Chhiū-á-kha]] <div style="border: 1px solid #ffad80; padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; color: #000; background-color: #fff7cb;"> <center>'''[http://www.livejournal.com/community/wikitech/1432.html Pourquoi Wikipédia est parfois siiiiii lent?]''' <small>(englisch)</small></center> </div> <br /> 2227 2005-01-26T15:46:46Z Bombo 12 <div style="background:#fdf;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2>Informations pour débuter</h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-65px;z-index:3;"> </div> [[Wikipedia:Premiers pas|Premiers pas]] | [[Wikipedia:Zweite Schritte|Zweite Schritte]] | [[Wikipedia:bac a sable|Spielwiese]] | [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] | [[Wikipedia:Beteiligen|Beteiligen]] | [[Wikipedia:Foire aux questions|J'ai besoin d'aide]] | [[Special:Preferences|Mon compte personnel]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; margin-right:0%; text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; border:1px solid green; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> [[Special:Lonelypages|pages orphelins]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Uncategorizedpages|articles sans catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|articles nouveaux]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|articles manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Shortpages|articles à prolonger]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Recentchanges]]</div> <div style="width:35%;float:right;"> <div style="background:#def;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Nouvelles </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Megaphon.png]]</div> * Mir mache us dere Syte äs Gmeinschafts-Portal u sammle dadrzue no [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community_Portal|Idee u Vorschläg]]. Di Diskussione si uf [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] züglet. * Links i dr Navigation hets ä Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]». Wär wott sech um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? * Di alemannischi Wikipedia het sit Churzem es alemannisches [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo]]. Wenns bi dir nonid aazeigt wird, hiuft mängisch ä Reload (im Browser uf «Aktualisieren» klicke). </div><div style="background:#fff;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Premier Secours </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Firstaid.gif]]</div> * '''[[Wikipedia:Erste Schritte|Erschti Schritt]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Ändern|Tipps für ds Bearbeite]] * '''[[Wikipedia:bac a sable|Uusprobiere]]''' * '''[[Wikipedia:Ich brauche Hilfe|Frage stelle]]''' </div> </div> <div style="float:left;width:65%;"> <div style="background:#dfe;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Participer! </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_mitmache.png]]</div> * '''[[Special:Shortpages|Artikel verbessere]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel wo vil z’churz sind. * '''[[Special:Deadendpages|Stichwört verlinke]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel oni Links. * '''[[Special:Wantedpages|Neui Tekscht verfasse]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel wo brucht werde. * '''[[Wikipedia:Ich brauche Hilfe|Anderne Benutzer hälfe]]:''' Frage vo neue Benutzer beantworte. * '''[[Wikipedia:Administrator|Admin wärde]]:''' Spam lösche und Vandalismus verhindere. * '''[[Main_Page|Hauptsyte gestalte]]:''' Jedi Wuche gits es aktuells Thema. * '''[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Nachrichte schrybe]]:''' Aktuelli Mäldige ufem neuschte Stand halte. </div><div style="background:#fed;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Pages de Discussions </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_Kaffee.png]]</div> * '''[[Diskussion:Houptsyte|Houptsyte]]:''' Alles wo eu a de «Houptsyte» gfallt odr nid gfallt, Änderigsvorschläg, Wünsch für es aktuells Thema etc. [[Discussion:Main_Page|Diskutire&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community_Portal|Gmeinschafts-Portal]]:''' Was machet mir us dere Syte für d’Wikipedia-Gmeind? Wie händs di andere gmacht? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community-Portal|Kommentiere&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Diskussion:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]:''' Links i de Navigation hätts en Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]». Wer wott sich um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Current_events|Bitte mälde&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild|Wikipedia generell]]''': Vor allem Diskussione zur Umstellig vo Elsässerditsch uf Alemannisch. [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] * '''[[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo-Tekscht]]:''' Sinder mit dere Kompromiss-Lösig z’fride? [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Aaluege&nbsp;…]] * '''[[MediaWiki_Discussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|De «Style» vo dr alemannische Wikipedia]]:''' Alles über Layout und Syte-Gestaltig: d’Schriftgrössi, de Hindergrund, d’Farb vo de Links … [[MediaWiki_Diskussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|Vorschläg sammle&nbsp;…]] </div> [[ar:&#1608;&#1610;&#1603;&#1610;&#1576;&#1610;&#1583;&#1610;&#1575;:&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1610;&#1583;&#1575;&#1606;]] [[bg:&#1059;&#1080;&#1082;&#1080;&#1087;&#1077;&#1076;&#1080;&#1103;:&#1056;&#1072;&#1079;&#1075;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;&#1088;&#1080;]] [[ca:Discussió:Portada]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Pod lípou]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Y_Caffi]] [[da:Wikipedia:Landsbybr%F8nden]] [[en:Wikipedia:Village Pump]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babilejo]] [[es:Wikipedia:Café]] [[et:Vikipeedia:üldine arutelu]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Txoko]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kahvihuone]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Le Bistro]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Halla baile]] [[he:&#1493;&#1497;&#1511;&#1497;&#1508;&#1491;&#1497;&#1492;:&#1502;&#1494;&#1504;&#1493;&#1503;]] [[hi:&#2357;&#2367;&#2325;&#2367;&#2346;&#2368;&#2337;&#2367;&#2351;&#2366;:&#2327;&#2366;&#2305;&#2357; &#2325;&#2366; &#2346;&#2350;&#2381;&#2346;]] [[hr:Wikipedia:Kafi&#263;]] [[id:Wikipedia:Warung Kopi]] [[is:Wikipedia:Potturinn]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bar]] [[ja:Wikipedia:&#20117;&#25144;&#31471;]] [[ko:&#50948;&#53412;&#48177;&#44284;:&#49324;&#50857;&#51088; &#47784;&#51076;]] [[la:Wikipedia:Taberna]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Kedai Kopi]] [[na:Wikipedia:Tekawa ewak]] [[nah:Wikipedia:Tlatlahtoaloyan]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Ik bruuk hülp]] [[nl:Wikipedia:De kroeg]] [[no:Wikipedia:Vannposten]] [[oc:Oiquipedià:La tavèrna]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Kawiarenka pod Weso&#322;ym Encyklopedyst&#261;]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Esplanada]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cafenea]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Simple talk]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Kr&#269;ma]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Pod lipo]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Kuvendi]] [[sr:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Bybrunnen]] [[zh:Wikipedia:&#20114;&#21161;&#23458;&#26632;]] [[minnan:Wikipedia:Chhiū-á-kha]] <div style="border: 1px solid #ffad80; padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; color: #000; background-color: #fff7cb;"> <center>'''[http://www.livejournal.com/community/wikitech/1432.html Pourquoi Wikipédia est parfois siiiiii lent?]''' <small>(englisch)</small></center> </div> <br /> 2228 2005-01-28T19:29:27Z 80.218.21.70 <div style="background:#fdf;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2>Informations pour débuter</h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-65px;z-index:3;"> </div> [[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso]] | [[Wikipedia:kotambola yamibale]] | [[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka]] | [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] | [[Wikipedia:Beteiligen|Beteiligen]] | [[Wikipedia:Foire aux questions|J'ai besoin d'aide]] | [[Special:Preferences|Mon compte personnel]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; margin-right:0%; text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; border:1px solid green; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> [[Special:Lonelypages|pages orphelins]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Uncategorizedpages|articles sans catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|articles nouveaux]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|articles manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Shortpages|articles à prolonger]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Recentchanges]]</div> <div style="width:35%;float:right;"> <div style="background:#def;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Nouvelles </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Megaphon.png]]</div> * Mir mache us dere Syte äs Gmeinschafts-Portal u sammle dadrzue no [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community_Portal|Idee u Vorschläg]]. Di Diskussione si uf [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] züglet. * Links i dr Navigation hets ä Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]». Wär wott sech um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? * Di alemannischi Wikipedia het sit Churzem es alemannisches [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo]]. Wenns bi dir nonid aazeigt wird, hiuft mängisch ä Reload (im Browser uf «Aktualisieren» klicke). </div><div style="background:#fff;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Premier Secours </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Firstaid.gif]]</div> * '''[[Wikipedia:Erste Schritte|Erschti Schritt]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Ändern|Tipps für ds Bearbeite]] * '''[[Wikipedia:bac a sable|Uusprobiere]]''' * '''[[Wikipedia:Ich brauche Hilfe|Frage stelle]]''' </div> </div> <div style="float:left;width:65%;"> <div style="background:#dfe;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Participer! </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_mitmache.png]]</div> * '''[[Special:Shortpages|Artikel verbessere]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel wo vil z’churz sind. * '''[[Special:Deadendpages|Stichwört verlinke]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel oni Links. * '''[[Special:Wantedpages|Neui Tekscht verfasse]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel wo brucht werde. * '''[[Wikipedia:Ich brauche Hilfe|Anderne Benutzer hälfe]]:''' Frage vo neue Benutzer beantworte. * '''[[Wikipedia:Administrator|Admin wärde]]:''' Spam lösche und Vandalismus verhindere. * '''[[Main_Page|Hauptsyte gestalte]]:''' Jedi Wuche gits es aktuells Thema. * '''[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Nachrichte schrybe]]:''' Aktuelli Mäldige ufem neuschte Stand halte. </div><div style="background:#fed;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Pages de Discussions </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_Kaffee.png]]</div> * '''[[Diskussion:Houptsyte|Houptsyte]]:''' Alles wo eu a de «Houptsyte» gfallt odr nid gfallt, Änderigsvorschläg, Wünsch für es aktuells Thema etc. [[Discussion:Main_Page|Diskutire&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community_Portal|Gmeinschafts-Portal]]:''' Was machet mir us dere Syte für d’Wikipedia-Gmeind? Wie händs di andere gmacht? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community-Portal|Kommentiere&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Diskussion:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]:''' Links i de Navigation hätts en Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]». Wer wott sich um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Current_events|Bitte mälde&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild|Wikipedia generell]]''': Vor allem Diskussione zur Umstellig vo Elsässerditsch uf Alemannisch. [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] * '''[[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo-Tekscht]]:''' Sinder mit dere Kompromiss-Lösig z’fride? [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Aaluege&nbsp;…]] * '''[[MediaWiki_Discussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|De «Style» vo dr alemannische Wikipedia]]:''' Alles über Layout und Syte-Gestaltig: d’Schriftgrössi, de Hindergrund, d’Farb vo de Links … [[MediaWiki_Diskussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|Vorschläg sammle&nbsp;…]] </div> [[ar:&#1608;&#1610;&#1603;&#1610;&#1576;&#1610;&#1583;&#1610;&#1575;:&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1610;&#1583;&#1575;&#1606;]] [[bg:&#1059;&#1080;&#1082;&#1080;&#1087;&#1077;&#1076;&#1080;&#1103;:&#1056;&#1072;&#1079;&#1075;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;&#1088;&#1080;]] [[ca:Discussió:Portada]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Pod lípou]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Y_Caffi]] [[da:Wikipedia:Landsbybr%F8nden]] [[en:Wikipedia:Village Pump]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babilejo]] [[es:Wikipedia:Café]] [[et:Vikipeedia:üldine arutelu]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Txoko]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kahvihuone]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Le Bistro]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Halla baile]] [[he:&#1493;&#1497;&#1511;&#1497;&#1508;&#1491;&#1497;&#1492;:&#1502;&#1494;&#1504;&#1493;&#1503;]] [[hi:&#2357;&#2367;&#2325;&#2367;&#2346;&#2368;&#2337;&#2367;&#2351;&#2366;:&#2327;&#2366;&#2305;&#2357; &#2325;&#2366; &#2346;&#2350;&#2381;&#2346;]] [[hr:Wikipedia:Kafi&#263;]] [[id:Wikipedia:Warung Kopi]] [[is:Wikipedia:Potturinn]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bar]] [[ja:Wikipedia:&#20117;&#25144;&#31471;]] [[ko:&#50948;&#53412;&#48177;&#44284;:&#49324;&#50857;&#51088; &#47784;&#51076;]] [[la:Wikipedia:Taberna]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Kedai Kopi]] [[na:Wikipedia:Tekawa ewak]] [[nah:Wikipedia:Tlatlahtoaloyan]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Ik bruuk hülp]] [[nl:Wikipedia:De kroeg]] [[no:Wikipedia:Vannposten]] [[oc:Oiquipedià:La tavèrna]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Kawiarenka pod Weso&#322;ym Encyklopedyst&#261;]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Esplanada]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cafenea]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Simple talk]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Kr&#269;ma]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Pod lipo]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Kuvendi]] [[sr:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Bybrunnen]] [[zh:Wikipedia:&#20114;&#21161;&#23458;&#26632;]] [[minnan:Wikipedia:Chhiū-á-kha]] <div style="border: 1px solid #ffad80; padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; color: #000; background-color: #fff7cb;"> <center>'''[http://www.livejournal.com/community/wikitech/1432.html Pourquoi Wikipédia est parfois siiiiii lent?]''' <small>(englisch)</small></center> </div> <br /> 2229 2005-01-28T19:30:27Z 80.218.21.70 <div style="background:#fdf;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2>Informations pour débuter</h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-65px;z-index:3;"> </div> [[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|kotambola yaliboso]] | [[Wikipedia:kotambola yamibale|kotambola yamibale]] | [[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|esika yakomeka]] | [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] | [[Wikipedia:Beteiligen|Beteiligen]] | [[Wikipedia:Foire aux questions|J'ai besoin d'aide]] | [[Special:Preferences|Mon compte personnel]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; margin-right:0%; text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; border:1px solid green; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> [[Special:Lonelypages|pages orphelins]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Uncategorizedpages|articles sans catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|articles nouveaux]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|articles manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Shortpages|articles à prolonger]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Recentchanges]]</div> <div style="width:35%;float:right;"> <div style="background:#def;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Nouvelles </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Megaphon.png]]</div> * Mir mache us dere Syte äs Gmeinschafts-Portal u sammle dadrzue no [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community_Portal|Idee u Vorschläg]]. Di Diskussione si uf [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] züglet. * Links i dr Navigation hets ä Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]». Wär wott sech um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? * Di alemannischi Wikipedia het sit Churzem es alemannisches [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo]]. Wenns bi dir nonid aazeigt wird, hiuft mängisch ä Reload (im Browser uf «Aktualisieren» klicke). </div><div style="background:#fff;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Premier Secours </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Firstaid.gif]]</div> * '''[[Wikipedia:Erste Schritte|Erschti Schritt]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Ändern|Tipps für ds Bearbeite]] * '''[[Wikipedia:bac a sable|Uusprobiere]]''' * '''[[Wikipedia:Ich brauche Hilfe|Frage stelle]]''' </div> </div> <div style="float:left;width:65%;"> <div style="background:#dfe;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Participer! </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_mitmache.png]]</div> * '''[[Special:Shortpages|Artikel verbessere]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel wo vil z’churz sind. * '''[[Special:Deadendpages|Stichwört verlinke]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel oni Links. * '''[[Special:Wantedpages|Neui Tekscht verfasse]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel wo brucht werde. * '''[[Wikipedia:Ich brauche Hilfe|Anderne Benutzer hälfe]]:''' Frage vo neue Benutzer beantworte. * '''[[Wikipedia:Administrator|Admin wärde]]:''' Spam lösche und Vandalismus verhindere. * '''[[Main_Page|Hauptsyte gestalte]]:''' Jedi Wuche gits es aktuells Thema. * '''[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Nachrichte schrybe]]:''' Aktuelli Mäldige ufem neuschte Stand halte. </div><div style="background:#fed;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Pages de Discussions </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_Kaffee.png]]</div> * '''[[Diskussion:Houptsyte|Houptsyte]]:''' Alles wo eu a de «Houptsyte» gfallt odr nid gfallt, Änderigsvorschläg, Wünsch für es aktuells Thema etc. [[Discussion:Main_Page|Diskutire&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community_Portal|Gmeinschafts-Portal]]:''' Was machet mir us dere Syte für d’Wikipedia-Gmeind? Wie händs di andere gmacht? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community-Portal|Kommentiere&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Diskussion:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]:''' Links i de Navigation hätts en Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]». Wer wott sich um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Current_events|Bitte mälde&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild|Wikipedia generell]]''': Vor allem Diskussione zur Umstellig vo Elsässerditsch uf Alemannisch. [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] * '''[[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo-Tekscht]]:''' Sinder mit dere Kompromiss-Lösig z’fride? [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Aaluege&nbsp;…]] * '''[[MediaWiki_Discussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|De «Style» vo dr alemannische Wikipedia]]:''' Alles über Layout und Syte-Gestaltig: d’Schriftgrössi, de Hindergrund, d’Farb vo de Links … [[MediaWiki_Diskussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|Vorschläg sammle&nbsp;…]] </div> [[ar:&#1608;&#1610;&#1603;&#1610;&#1576;&#1610;&#1583;&#1610;&#1575;:&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1610;&#1583;&#1575;&#1606;]] [[bg:&#1059;&#1080;&#1082;&#1080;&#1087;&#1077;&#1076;&#1080;&#1103;:&#1056;&#1072;&#1079;&#1075;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;&#1088;&#1080;]] [[ca:Discussió:Portada]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Pod lípou]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Y_Caffi]] [[da:Wikipedia:Landsbybr%F8nden]] [[en:Wikipedia:Village Pump]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babilejo]] [[es:Wikipedia:Café]] [[et:Vikipeedia:üldine arutelu]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Txoko]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kahvihuone]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Le Bistro]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Halla baile]] [[he:&#1493;&#1497;&#1511;&#1497;&#1508;&#1491;&#1497;&#1492;:&#1502;&#1494;&#1504;&#1493;&#1503;]] [[hi:&#2357;&#2367;&#2325;&#2367;&#2346;&#2368;&#2337;&#2367;&#2351;&#2366;:&#2327;&#2366;&#2305;&#2357; &#2325;&#2366; &#2346;&#2350;&#2381;&#2346;]] [[hr:Wikipedia:Kafi&#263;]] [[id:Wikipedia:Warung Kopi]] [[is:Wikipedia:Potturinn]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bar]] [[ja:Wikipedia:&#20117;&#25144;&#31471;]] [[ko:&#50948;&#53412;&#48177;&#44284;:&#49324;&#50857;&#51088; &#47784;&#51076;]] [[la:Wikipedia:Taberna]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Kedai Kopi]] [[na:Wikipedia:Tekawa ewak]] [[nah:Wikipedia:Tlatlahtoaloyan]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Ik bruuk hülp]] [[nl:Wikipedia:De kroeg]] [[no:Wikipedia:Vannposten]] [[oc:Oiquipedià:La tavèrna]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Kawiarenka pod Weso&#322;ym Encyklopedyst&#261;]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Esplanada]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cafenea]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Simple talk]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Kr&#269;ma]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Pod lipo]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Kuvendi]] [[sr:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Bybrunnen]] [[zh:Wikipedia:&#20114;&#21161;&#23458;&#26632;]] [[minnan:Wikipedia:Chhiū-á-kha]] <div style="border: 1px solid #ffad80; padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; color: #000; background-color: #fff7cb;"> <center>'''[http://www.livejournal.com/community/wikitech/1432.html Pourquoi Wikipédia est parfois siiiiii lent?]''' <small>(englisch)</small></center> </div> <br /> 2241 2005-01-28T19:34:55Z 80.218.21.70 <div style="background:#fdf;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2>Informations pour débuter</h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-65px;z-index:3;"> </div> [[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] | [[Wikipedia:kotambola yamibale|Kotambola yamibale]] | [[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]] | [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] | [[Wikipedia:Beteiligen|Beteiligen]] | [[Wikipedia:Foire aux questions|J'ai besoin d'aide]] | [[Special:Preferences|Mon compte personnel]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; margin-right:0%; text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; border:1px solid green; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> [[Special:Lonelypages|pages orphelins]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Uncategorizedpages|articles sans catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|articles nouveaux]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|articles manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Shortpages|articles à prolonger]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Recentchanges|derniers mises à jour]]</div> <div style="width:35%;float:right;"> <div style="background:#def;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Nouvelles </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Megaphon.png]]</div> * Mir mache us dere Syte äs Gmeinschafts-Portal u sammle dadrzue no [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community_Portal|Idee u Vorschläg]]. Di Diskussione si uf [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] züglet. * Links i dr Navigation hets ä Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]». Wär wott sech um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? * Di alemannischi Wikipedia het sit Churzem es alemannisches [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo]]. Wenns bi dir nonid aazeigt wird, hiuft mängisch ä Reload (im Browser uf «Aktualisieren» klicke). </div><div style="background:#fff;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Premier Secours </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Firstaid.gif]]</div> * '''[[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Ändern|Tipps für ds Bearbeite]] * '''[[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]]''' * '''[[Wikipedia:Ich brauche Hilfe|Frage stelle]]''' </div> </div> <div style="float:left;width:65%;"> <div style="background:#dfe;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Participer! </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_mitmache.png]]</div> * '''[[Special:Shortpages|Artikel verbessere]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel wo vil z’churz sind. * '''[[Special:Deadendpages|Stichwört verlinke]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel oni Links. * '''[[Special:Wantedpages|Neui Tekscht verfasse]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel wo brucht werde. * '''[[Wikipedia:Ich brauche Hilfe|Anderne Benutzer hälfe]]:''' Frage vo neue Benutzer beantworte. * '''[[Wikipedia:Administrator|Admin wärde]]:''' Spam lösche und Vandalismus verhindere. * '''[[Main_Page|Hauptsyte gestalte]]:''' Jedi Wuche gits es aktuells Thema. * '''[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Nachrichte schrybe]]:''' Aktuelli Mäldige ufem neuschte Stand halte. </div><div style="background:#fed;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Pages de Discussions </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_Kaffee.png]]</div> * '''[[Diskussion:Houptsyte|Houptsyte]]:''' Alles wo eu a de «Houptsyte» gfallt odr nid gfallt, Änderigsvorschläg, Wünsch für es aktuells Thema etc. [[Discussion:Main_Page|Diskutire&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community_Portal|Gmeinschafts-Portal]]:''' Was machet mir us dere Syte für d’Wikipedia-Gmeind? Wie händs di andere gmacht? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community-Portal|Kommentiere&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Diskussion:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]:''' Links i de Navigation hätts en Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]». Wer wott sich um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Current_events|Bitte mälde&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild|Wikipedia generell]]''': Vor allem Diskussione zur Umstellig vo Elsässerditsch uf Alemannisch. [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] * '''[[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo-Tekscht]]:''' Sinder mit dere Kompromiss-Lösig z’fride? [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Aaluege&nbsp;…]] * '''[[MediaWiki_Discussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|De «Style» vo dr alemannische Wikipedia]]:''' Alles über Layout und Syte-Gestaltig: d’Schriftgrössi, de Hindergrund, d’Farb vo de Links … [[MediaWiki_Diskussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|Vorschläg sammle&nbsp;…]] </div> [[ar:&#1608;&#1610;&#1603;&#1610;&#1576;&#1610;&#1583;&#1610;&#1575;:&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1610;&#1583;&#1575;&#1606;]] [[bg:&#1059;&#1080;&#1082;&#1080;&#1087;&#1077;&#1076;&#1080;&#1103;:&#1056;&#1072;&#1079;&#1075;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;&#1088;&#1080;]] [[ca:Discussió:Portada]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Pod lípou]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Y_Caffi]] [[da:Wikipedia:Landsbybr%F8nden]] [[en:Wikipedia:Village Pump]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babilejo]] [[es:Wikipedia:Café]] [[et:Vikipeedia:üldine arutelu]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Txoko]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kahvihuone]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Le Bistro]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Halla baile]] [[he:&#1493;&#1497;&#1511;&#1497;&#1508;&#1491;&#1497;&#1492;:&#1502;&#1494;&#1504;&#1493;&#1503;]] [[hi:&#2357;&#2367;&#2325;&#2367;&#2346;&#2368;&#2337;&#2367;&#2351;&#2366;:&#2327;&#2366;&#2305;&#2357; &#2325;&#2366; &#2346;&#2350;&#2381;&#2346;]] [[hr:Wikipedia:Kafi&#263;]] [[id:Wikipedia:Warung Kopi]] [[is:Wikipedia:Potturinn]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bar]] [[ja:Wikipedia:&#20117;&#25144;&#31471;]] [[ko:&#50948;&#53412;&#48177;&#44284;:&#49324;&#50857;&#51088; &#47784;&#51076;]] [[la:Wikipedia:Taberna]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Kedai Kopi]] [[na:Wikipedia:Tekawa ewak]] [[nah:Wikipedia:Tlatlahtoaloyan]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Ik bruuk hülp]] [[nl:Wikipedia:De kroeg]] [[no:Wikipedia:Vannposten]] [[oc:Oiquipedià:La tavèrna]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Kawiarenka pod Weso&#322;ym Encyklopedyst&#261;]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Esplanada]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cafenea]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Simple talk]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Kr&#269;ma]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Pod lipo]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Kuvendi]] [[sr:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Bybrunnen]] [[zh:Wikipedia:&#20114;&#21161;&#23458;&#26632;]] [[minnan:Wikipedia:Chhiū-á-kha]] <div style="border: 1px solid #ffad80; padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; color: #000; background-color: #fff7cb;"> <center>'''[http://www.livejournal.com/community/wikitech/1432.html Pourquoi Wikipédia est parfois siiiiii lent?]''' <small>(englisch)</small></center> </div> <br /> 2249 2005-02-02T21:53:23Z 80.218.21.70 <div style="background:#fdf;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2>Informations pour débuter</h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-65px;z-index:3;"> </div> [[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] | [[Wikipedia:kotambola yamibale|Kotambola yamibale]] | [[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]] | [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] | [[Wikipedia:Participer|Participer]] | [[Wikipedia:Foire aux questions|J'ai besoin d'aide]] | [[Special:Preferences|Mon compte personnel]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; margin-right:0%; text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; border:1px solid green; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> [[Special:Lonelypages|pages orphelins]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Uncategorizedpages|articles sans catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|articles nouveaux]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|articles manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Shortpages|articles à prolonger]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Recentchanges|derniers mises à jour]]</div> <div style="width:35%;float:right;"> <div style="background:#def;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Nouvelles </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Megaphon.png]]</div> * Mir mache us dere Syte äs Gmeinschafts-Portal u sammle dadrzue no [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community_Portal|Idee u Vorschläg]]. Di Diskussione si uf [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] züglet. * Links i dr Navigation hets ä Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]». Wär wott sech um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? * Di alemannischi Wikipedia het sit Churzem es alemannisches [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo]]. Wenns bi dir nonid aazeigt wird, hiuft mängisch ä Reload (im Browser uf «Aktualisieren» klicke). </div><div style="background:#fff;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Premier Secours </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Firstaid.gif]]</div> * '''[[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Ändern|Tipps für ds Bearbeite]] * '''[[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]]''' * '''[[Wikipedia:Ich brauche Hilfe|Frage stelle]]''' </div> </div> <div style="float:left;width:65%;"> <div style="background:#dfe;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Participer! </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_mitmache.png]]</div> * '''[[Special:Shortpages|Artikel verbessere]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel wo vil z’churz sind. * '''[[Special:Deadendpages|Stichwört verlinke]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel oni Links. * '''[[Special:Wantedpages|Neui Tekscht verfasse]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel wo brucht werde. * '''[[Wikipedia:Ich brauche Hilfe|Anderne Benutzer hälfe]]:''' Frage vo neue Benutzer beantworte. * '''[[Wikipedia:Administrator|Admin wärde]]:''' Spam lösche und Vandalismus verhindere. * '''[[Main_Page|Hauptsyte gestalte]]:''' Jedi Wuche gits es aktuells Thema. * '''[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Nachrichte schrybe]]:''' Aktuelli Mäldige ufem neuschte Stand halte. </div><div style="background:#fed;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Pages de Discussions </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_Kaffee.png]]</div> * '''[[Diskussion:Houptsyte|Houptsyte]]:''' Alles wo eu a de «Houptsyte» gfallt odr nid gfallt, Änderigsvorschläg, Wünsch für es aktuells Thema etc. [[Discussion:Main_Page|Diskutire&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community_Portal|Gmeinschafts-Portal]]:''' Was machet mir us dere Syte für d’Wikipedia-Gmeind? Wie händs di andere gmacht? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community-Portal|Kommentiere&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Diskussion:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]:''' Links i de Navigation hätts en Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]». Wer wott sich um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Current_events|Bitte mälde&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild|Wikipedia generell]]''': Vor allem Diskussione zur Umstellig vo Elsässerditsch uf Alemannisch. [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] * '''[[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo-Tekscht]]:''' Sinder mit dere Kompromiss-Lösig z’fride? [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Aaluege&nbsp;…]] * '''[[MediaWiki_Discussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|De «Style» vo dr alemannische Wikipedia]]:''' Alles über Layout und Syte-Gestaltig: d’Schriftgrössi, de Hindergrund, d’Farb vo de Links … [[MediaWiki_Diskussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|Vorschläg sammle&nbsp;…]] </div> [[ar:&#1608;&#1610;&#1603;&#1610;&#1576;&#1610;&#1583;&#1610;&#1575;:&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1610;&#1583;&#1575;&#1606;]] [[bg:&#1059;&#1080;&#1082;&#1080;&#1087;&#1077;&#1076;&#1080;&#1103;:&#1056;&#1072;&#1079;&#1075;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;&#1088;&#1080;]] [[ca:Discussió:Portada]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Pod lípou]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Y_Caffi]] [[da:Wikipedia:Landsbybr%F8nden]] [[en:Wikipedia:Village Pump]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babilejo]] [[es:Wikipedia:Café]] [[et:Vikipeedia:üldine arutelu]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Txoko]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kahvihuone]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Le Bistro]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Halla baile]] [[he:&#1493;&#1497;&#1511;&#1497;&#1508;&#1491;&#1497;&#1492;:&#1502;&#1494;&#1504;&#1493;&#1503;]] [[hi:&#2357;&#2367;&#2325;&#2367;&#2346;&#2368;&#2337;&#2367;&#2351;&#2366;:&#2327;&#2366;&#2305;&#2357; &#2325;&#2366; &#2346;&#2350;&#2381;&#2346;]] [[hr:Wikipedia:Kafi&#263;]] [[id:Wikipedia:Warung Kopi]] [[is:Wikipedia:Potturinn]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bar]] [[ja:Wikipedia:&#20117;&#25144;&#31471;]] [[ko:&#50948;&#53412;&#48177;&#44284;:&#49324;&#50857;&#51088; &#47784;&#51076;]] [[la:Wikipedia:Taberna]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Kedai Kopi]] [[na:Wikipedia:Tekawa ewak]] [[nah:Wikipedia:Tlatlahtoaloyan]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Ik bruuk hülp]] [[nl:Wikipedia:De kroeg]] [[no:Wikipedia:Vannposten]] [[oc:Oiquipedià:La tavèrna]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Kawiarenka pod Weso&#322;ym Encyklopedyst&#261;]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Esplanada]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cafenea]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Simple talk]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Kr&#269;ma]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Pod lipo]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Kuvendi]] [[sr:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Bybrunnen]] [[zh:Wikipedia:&#20114;&#21161;&#23458;&#26632;]] [[minnan:Wikipedia:Chhiū-á-kha]] <div style="border: 1px solid #ffad80; padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; color: #000; background-color: #fff7cb;"> <center>'''[http://www.livejournal.com/community/wikitech/1432.html Pourquoi Wikipédia est parfois siiiiii lent?]''' <small>(englisch)</small></center> </div> <br /> 2316 2005-02-02T22:28:55Z 80.218.21.70 <div style="background:#fdf;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2>Informations pour débuter</h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-65px;z-index:3;"> </div> [[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] | [[Wikipedia:kotambola yamibale|Kotambola yamibale]] | [[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]] | [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] | [[Wikipedia:Participer|Participer]] | [[Wikipedia:Foire aux questions|J'ai besoin d'aide]] | [[Special:Preferences|Mon compte personnel]]</br> Envie de participer, mais aucune idée? Traduisez un article de la Wikipédia [http://en.Wikipedia.org anglaise] ou [http://fr.Wikipedia.org française]! </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; margin-right:0%; text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; border:1px solid green; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> [[Special:Lonelypages|pages orphelins]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Uncategorizedpages|articles sans catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|articles nouveaux]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|articles manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Shortpages|articles à prolonger]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Recentchanges|derniers mises à jour]]</div> <div style="width:35%;float:right;"> <div style="background:#def;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Nouvelles </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Megaphon.png]]</div> * Mir mache us dere Syte äs Gmeinschafts-Portal u sammle dadrzue no [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community_Portal|Idee u Vorschläg]]. Di Diskussione si uf [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] züglet. * Links i dr Navigation hets ä Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]». Wär wott sech um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? * Di alemannischi Wikipedia het sit Churzem es alemannisches [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo]]. Wenns bi dir nonid aazeigt wird, hiuft mängisch ä Reload (im Browser uf «Aktualisieren» klicke). </div><div style="background:#fff;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Premier Secours </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Firstaid.gif]]</div> * '''[[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Ändern|Tipps für ds Bearbeite]] * '''[[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]]''' * '''[[Wikipedia:Ich brauche Hilfe|Frage stelle]]''' </div> </div> <div style="float:left;width:65%;"> <div style="background:#dfe;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Participer! </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_mitmache.png]]</div> * '''[[Special:Shortpages|Artikel verbessere]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel wo vil z’churz sind. * '''[[Special:Deadendpages|Stichwört verlinke]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel oni Links. * '''[[Special:Wantedpages|Neui Tekscht verfasse]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel wo brucht werde. * '''[[Wikipedia:Ich brauche Hilfe|Anderne Benutzer hälfe]]:''' Frage vo neue Benutzer beantworte. * '''[[Wikipedia:Administrator|Admin wärde]]:''' Spam lösche und Vandalismus verhindere. * '''[[Main_Page|Hauptsyte gestalte]]:''' Jedi Wuche gits es aktuells Thema. * '''[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Nachrichte schrybe]]:''' Aktuelli Mäldige ufem neuschte Stand halte. </div><div style="background:#fed;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Pages de Discussions </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_Kaffee.png]]</div> * '''[[Diskussion:Houptsyte|Houptsyte]]:''' Alles wo eu a de «Houptsyte» gfallt odr nid gfallt, Änderigsvorschläg, Wünsch für es aktuells Thema etc. [[Discussion:Main_Page|Diskutire&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community_Portal|Gmeinschafts-Portal]]:''' Was machet mir us dere Syte für d’Wikipedia-Gmeind? Wie händs di andere gmacht? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community-Portal|Kommentiere&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Diskussion:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]:''' Links i de Navigation hätts en Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]». Wer wott sich um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Current_events|Bitte mälde&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild|Wikipedia generell]]''': Vor allem Diskussione zur Umstellig vo Elsässerditsch uf Alemannisch. [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] * '''[[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo-Tekscht]]:''' Sinder mit dere Kompromiss-Lösig z’fride? [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Aaluege&nbsp;…]] * '''[[MediaWiki_Discussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|De «Style» vo dr alemannische Wikipedia]]:''' Alles über Layout und Syte-Gestaltig: d’Schriftgrössi, de Hindergrund, d’Farb vo de Links … [[MediaWiki_Diskussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|Vorschläg sammle&nbsp;…]] </div> [[ar:&#1608;&#1610;&#1603;&#1610;&#1576;&#1610;&#1583;&#1610;&#1575;:&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1610;&#1583;&#1575;&#1606;]] [[bg:&#1059;&#1080;&#1082;&#1080;&#1087;&#1077;&#1076;&#1080;&#1103;:&#1056;&#1072;&#1079;&#1075;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;&#1088;&#1080;]] [[ca:Discussió:Portada]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Pod lípou]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Y_Caffi]] [[da:Wikipedia:Landsbybr%F8nden]] [[en:Wikipedia:Village Pump]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babilejo]] [[es:Wikipedia:Café]] [[et:Vikipeedia:üldine arutelu]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Txoko]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kahvihuone]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Le Bistro]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Halla baile]] [[he:&#1493;&#1497;&#1511;&#1497;&#1508;&#1491;&#1497;&#1492;:&#1502;&#1494;&#1504;&#1493;&#1503;]] [[hi:&#2357;&#2367;&#2325;&#2367;&#2346;&#2368;&#2337;&#2367;&#2351;&#2366;:&#2327;&#2366;&#2305;&#2357; &#2325;&#2366; &#2346;&#2350;&#2381;&#2346;]] [[hr:Wikipedia:Kafi&#263;]] [[id:Wikipedia:Warung Kopi]] [[is:Wikipedia:Potturinn]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bar]] [[ja:Wikipedia:&#20117;&#25144;&#31471;]] [[ko:&#50948;&#53412;&#48177;&#44284;:&#49324;&#50857;&#51088; &#47784;&#51076;]] [[la:Wikipedia:Taberna]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Kedai Kopi]] [[na:Wikipedia:Tekawa ewak]] [[nah:Wikipedia:Tlatlahtoaloyan]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Ik bruuk hülp]] [[nl:Wikipedia:De kroeg]] [[no:Wikipedia:Vannposten]] [[oc:Oiquipedià:La tavèrna]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Kawiarenka pod Weso&#322;ym Encyklopedyst&#261;]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Esplanada]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cafenea]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Simple talk]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Kr&#269;ma]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Pod lipo]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Kuvendi]] [[sr:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Bybrunnen]] [[zh:Wikipedia:&#20114;&#21161;&#23458;&#26632;]] [[minnan:Wikipedia:Chhiū-á-kha]] <div style="border: 1px solid #ffad80; padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; color: #000; background-color: #fff7cb;"> <center>'''[http://www.livejournal.com/community/wikitech/1432.html Pourquoi Wikipédia est parfois siiiiii lent?]''' <small>(englisch)</small></center> </div> <br /> 2317 2005-03-06T01:09:45Z Bombo 12 <div style="background:#fdf;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2>Informations pour débuter</h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-65px;z-index:3;"> </div> [[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] | [[Wikipedia:kotambola yamibale|Kotambola yamibale]] | [[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]] | [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] | [[Wikipedia:Participer|Participer]] | [[Wikipedia:Foire aux questions|J'ai besoin d'aide]] | [[Special:Preferences|Mon compte personnel]]</br> Envie de participer, mais aucune idée? Traduisez un article de la Wikipédia [http://en.Wikipedia.org anglaise] ou [http://fr.Wikipedia.org française]! </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; margin-right:0%; text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; border:1px solid green; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> [[Special:Lonelypages|pages orphelins]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Uncategorizedpages|articles sans catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|articles nouveaux]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|articles manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Shortpages|articles à prolonger]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Recentchanges|derniers mises à jour]]</div> <div style="width:35%;float:right;"> <div style="background:#def;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Nouvelles </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Megaphon.png]]</div> * Mir mache us dere Syte äs Gmeinschafts-Portal u sammle dadrzue no [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community_Portal|Idee u Vorschläg]]. Di Diskussione si uf [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] züglet. * Links i dr Navigation hets ä Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]». Wär wott sech um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? * Di alemannischi Wikipedia het sit Churzem es alemannisches [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo]]. Wenns bi dir nonid aazeigt wird, hiuft mängisch ä Reload (im Browser uf «Aktualisieren» klicke). </div><div style="background:#fff;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Premier Secours </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Firstaid.gif]]</div> * '''[[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Ändern|Tipps für ds Bearbeite]] * '''[[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]]''' * '''[[Wikipedia:Ich brauche Hilfe|Frage stelle]]''' </div> </div> <div style="float:left;width:65%;"> <div style="background:#dfe;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Participer! </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_mitmache.png]]</div> * '''[[Special:Shortpages|Artikel verbessere]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel wo vil z’churz sind. * '''[[Special:Deadendpages|Stichwört verlinke]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel oni Links. * '''[[Special:Wantedpages|Neui Tekscht verfasse]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel wo brucht werde. * '''[[Wikipedia:Ich brauche Hilfe|Anderne Benutzer hälfe]]:''' Frage vo neue Benutzer beantworte. * '''[[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|Moyángeli kokóma]]:''' Spam lösche und Vandalismus verhindere. * '''[[Main_Page|Hauptsyte gestalte]]:''' Jedi Wuche gits es aktuells Thema. * '''[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Nachrichte schrybe]]:''' Aktuelli Mäldige ufem neuschte Stand halte. </div><div style="background:#fed;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> Wikipedia:Moyángeli <h2> Pages de Discussions </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_Kaffee.png]]</div> * '''[[Diskussion:Houptsyte|Houptsyte]]:''' Alles wo eu a de «Houptsyte» gfallt odr nid gfallt, Änderigsvorschläg, Wünsch für es aktuells Thema etc. [[Discussion:Main_Page|Diskutire&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community_Portal|Gmeinschafts-Portal]]:''' Was machet mir us dere Syte für d’Wikipedia-Gmeind? Wie händs di andere gmacht? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community-Portal|Kommentiere&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Diskussion:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]:''' Links i de Navigation hätts en Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]». Wer wott sich um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Current_events|Bitte mälde&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild|Wikipedia generell]]''': Vor allem Diskussione zur Umstellig vo Elsässerditsch uf Alemannisch. [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] * '''[[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo-Tekscht]]:''' Sinder mit dere Kompromiss-Lösig z’fride? [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Aaluege&nbsp;…]] * '''[[MediaWiki_Discussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|De «Style» vo dr alemannische Wikipedia]]:''' Alles über Layout und Syte-Gestaltig: d’Schriftgrössi, de Hindergrund, d’Farb vo de Links … [[MediaWiki_Diskussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|Vorschläg sammle&nbsp;…]] </div> [[ar:&#1608;&#1610;&#1603;&#1610;&#1576;&#1610;&#1583;&#1610;&#1575;:&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1610;&#1583;&#1575;&#1606;]] [[bg:&#1059;&#1080;&#1082;&#1080;&#1087;&#1077;&#1076;&#1080;&#1103;:&#1056;&#1072;&#1079;&#1075;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;&#1088;&#1080;]] [[ca:Discussió:Portada]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Pod lípou]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Y_Caffi]] [[da:Wikipedia:Landsbybr%F8nden]] [[en:Wikipedia:Village Pump]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babilejo]] [[es:Wikipedia:Café]] [[et:Vikipeedia:üldine arutelu]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Txoko]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kahvihuone]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Le Bistro]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Halla baile]] [[he:&#1493;&#1497;&#1511;&#1497;&#1508;&#1491;&#1497;&#1492;:&#1502;&#1494;&#1504;&#1493;&#1503;]] [[hi:&#2357;&#2367;&#2325;&#2367;&#2346;&#2368;&#2337;&#2367;&#2351;&#2366;:&#2327;&#2366;&#2305;&#2357; &#2325;&#2366; &#2346;&#2350;&#2381;&#2346;]] [[hr:Wikipedia:Kafi&#263;]] [[id:Wikipedia:Warung Kopi]] [[is:Wikipedia:Potturinn]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bar]] [[ja:Wikipedia:&#20117;&#25144;&#31471;]] [[ko:&#50948;&#53412;&#48177;&#44284;:&#49324;&#50857;&#51088; &#47784;&#51076;]] [[la:Wikipedia:Taberna]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Kedai Kopi]] [[na:Wikipedia:Tekawa ewak]] [[nah:Wikipedia:Tlatlahtoaloyan]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Ik bruuk hülp]] [[nl:Wikipedia:De kroeg]] [[no:Wikipedia:Vannposten]] [[oc:Oiquipedià:La tavèrna]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Kawiarenka pod Weso&#322;ym Encyklopedyst&#261;]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Esplanada]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cafenea]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Simple talk]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Kr&#269;ma]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Pod lipo]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Kuvendi]] [[sr:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Bybrunnen]] [[zh:Wikipedia:&#20114;&#21161;&#23458;&#26632;]] [[minnan:Wikipedia:Chhiū-á-kha]] <div style="border: 1px solid #ffad80; padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; color: #000; background-color: #fff7cb;"> <center>'''[http://www.livejournal.com/community/wikitech/1432.html Pourquoi Wikipédia est parfois siiiiii lent?]''' <small>(englisch)</small></center> </div> <br /> 2342 2005-03-06T01:13:09Z Bombo 12 <div style="background:#fdf;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2>Informations pour débuter</h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-65px;z-index:3;"> </div> [[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] | [[Wikipedia:kotambola yamibale|Kotambola yamibale]] | [[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]] | [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] | [[Wikipedia:Participer|Participer]] | [[Wikipedia:Foire aux questions|J'ai besoin d'aide]] | [[Special:Preferences|Mon compte personnel]]</br> Envie de participer, mais aucune idée? Traduisez un article de la Wikipédia [http://en.Wikipedia.org anglaise] ou [http://fr.Wikipedia.org française]! </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; margin-right:0%; text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; border:1px solid green; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> [[Special:Lonelypages|lokasa etike]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Uncategorizedpages|articles sans catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ndambo ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|articles manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Shortpages|articles à prolonger]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Recentchanges|derniers mises à jour]]</div> <div style="width:35%;float:right;"> <div style="background:#def;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Nouvelles </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Megaphon.png]]</div> * Mir mache us dere Syte äs Gmeinschafts-Portal u sammle dadrzue no [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community_Portal|Idee u Vorschläg]]. Di Diskussione si uf [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] züglet. * Links i dr Navigation hets ä Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]». Wär wott sech um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? * Di alemannischi Wikipedia het sit Churzem es alemannisches [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo]]. Wenns bi dir nonid aazeigt wird, hiuft mängisch ä Reload (im Browser uf «Aktualisieren» klicke). </div><div style="background:#fff;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Premier Secours </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Firstaid.gif]]</div> * '''[[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Ändern|Tipps für ds Bearbeite]] * '''[[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]]''' * '''[[Wikipedia:Ich brauche Hilfe|Frage stelle]]''' </div> </div> <div style="float:left;width:65%;"> <div style="background:#dfe;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Participer! </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_mitmache.png]]</div> * '''[[Special:Shortpages|Artikel verbessere]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel wo vil z’churz sind. * '''[[Special:Deadendpages|Stichwört verlinke]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel oni Links. * '''[[Special:Wantedpages|Neui Tekscht verfasse]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel wo brucht werde. * '''[[Wikipedia:Ich brauche Hilfe|Anderne Benutzer hälfe]]:''' Frage vo neue Benutzer beantworte. * '''[[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|Moyángeli kokóma]]:''' Spam lösche und Vandalismus verhindere. * '''[[Main_Page|Hauptsyte gestalte]]:''' Jedi Wuche gits es aktuells Thema. * '''[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Nachrichte schrybe]]:''' Aktuelli Mäldige ufem neuschte Stand halte. </div><div style="background:#fed;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> Wikipedia:Moyángeli <h2> Pages de Discussions </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_Kaffee.png]]</div> * '''[[Diskussion:Houptsyte|Houptsyte]]:''' Alles wo eu a de «Houptsyte» gfallt odr nid gfallt, Änderigsvorschläg, Wünsch für es aktuells Thema etc. [[Discussion:Main_Page|Diskutire&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community_Portal|Gmeinschafts-Portal]]:''' Was machet mir us dere Syte für d’Wikipedia-Gmeind? Wie händs di andere gmacht? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community-Portal|Kommentiere&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Diskussion:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]:''' Links i de Navigation hätts en Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]». Wer wott sich um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Current_events|Bitte mälde&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild|Wikipedia generell]]''': Vor allem Diskussione zur Umstellig vo Elsässerditsch uf Alemannisch. [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] * '''[[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo-Tekscht]]:''' Sinder mit dere Kompromiss-Lösig z’fride? [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Aaluege&nbsp;…]] * '''[[MediaWiki_Discussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|De «Style» vo dr alemannische Wikipedia]]:''' Alles über Layout und Syte-Gestaltig: d’Schriftgrössi, de Hindergrund, d’Farb vo de Links … [[MediaWiki_Diskussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|Vorschläg sammle&nbsp;…]] </div> [[ar:&#1608;&#1610;&#1603;&#1610;&#1576;&#1610;&#1583;&#1610;&#1575;:&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1610;&#1583;&#1575;&#1606;]] [[bg:&#1059;&#1080;&#1082;&#1080;&#1087;&#1077;&#1076;&#1080;&#1103;:&#1056;&#1072;&#1079;&#1075;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;&#1088;&#1080;]] [[ca:Discussió:Portada]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Pod lípou]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Y_Caffi]] [[da:Wikipedia:Landsbybr%F8nden]] [[en:Wikipedia:Village Pump]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babilejo]] [[es:Wikipedia:Café]] [[et:Vikipeedia:üldine arutelu]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Txoko]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kahvihuone]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Le Bistro]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Halla baile]] [[he:&#1493;&#1497;&#1511;&#1497;&#1508;&#1491;&#1497;&#1492;:&#1502;&#1494;&#1504;&#1493;&#1503;]] [[hi:&#2357;&#2367;&#2325;&#2367;&#2346;&#2368;&#2337;&#2367;&#2351;&#2366;:&#2327;&#2366;&#2305;&#2357; &#2325;&#2366; &#2346;&#2350;&#2381;&#2346;]] [[hr:Wikipedia:Kafi&#263;]] [[id:Wikipedia:Warung Kopi]] [[is:Wikipedia:Potturinn]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bar]] [[ja:Wikipedia:&#20117;&#25144;&#31471;]] [[ko:&#50948;&#53412;&#48177;&#44284;:&#49324;&#50857;&#51088; &#47784;&#51076;]] [[la:Wikipedia:Taberna]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Kedai Kopi]] [[na:Wikipedia:Tekawa ewak]] [[nah:Wikipedia:Tlatlahtoaloyan]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Ik bruuk hülp]] [[nl:Wikipedia:De kroeg]] [[no:Wikipedia:Vannposten]] [[oc:Oiquipedià:La tavèrna]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Kawiarenka pod Weso&#322;ym Encyklopedyst&#261;]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Esplanada]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cafenea]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Simple talk]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Kr&#269;ma]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Pod lipo]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Kuvendi]] [[sr:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Bybrunnen]] [[zh:Wikipedia:&#20114;&#21161;&#23458;&#26632;]] [[minnan:Wikipedia:Chhiū-á-kha]] <div style="border: 1px solid #ffad80; padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; color: #000; background-color: #fff7cb;"> <center>'''[http://www.livejournal.com/community/wikitech/1432.html Pourquoi Wikipédia est parfois siiiiii lent?]''' <small>(englisch)</small></center> </div> <br /> 2522 2005-03-06T18:32:52Z Bombo 12 <div style="background:#fdf;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2>Informations pour débuter</h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-65px;z-index:3;"> </div> [[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] | [[Wikipedia:kotambola yamibale|Kotambola yamibale]] | [[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]] | [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] | [[Wikipedia:Participer|Participer]] | [[Wikipedia:Foire aux questions|J'ai besoin d'aide]] | [[Special:Preferences|Mon compte personnel]]</br> Envie de participer, mais aucune idée? Traduisez un article de la Wikipédia [http://en.Wikipedia.org anglaise] ou [http://fr.Wikipedia.org française]! </div> '''Comment écrire le lingála?''' Notre [[User_talk:Bombo#caract.C3.A8res_sp.C3.A9ciaux|discussion]]. <div style="margin-top:10px; margin-right:0%; text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; border:1px solid green; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> [[Special:Lonelypages|lokasa etike]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Uncategorizedpages|articles sans catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ndambo ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|articles manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Shortpages|articles à prolonger]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Recentchanges|derniers mises à jour]]</div> <div style="width:35%;float:right;"> <div style="background:#def;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Nouvelles </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Megaphon.png]]</div> * Mir mache us dere Syte äs Gmeinschafts-Portal u sammle dadrzue no [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community_Portal|Idee u Vorschläg]]. Di Diskussione si uf [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] züglet. * Links i dr Navigation hets ä Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]». Wär wott sech um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? * Di alemannischi Wikipedia het sit Churzem es alemannisches [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo]]. Wenns bi dir nonid aazeigt wird, hiuft mängisch ä Reload (im Browser uf «Aktualisieren» klicke). </div><div style="background:#fff;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Premier Secours </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Firstaid.gif]]</div> * '''[[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Ändern|Tipps für ds Bearbeite]] * '''[[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]]''' * '''[[Wikipedia:Ich brauche Hilfe|Frage stelle]]''' </div> </div> <div style="float:left;width:65%;"> <div style="background:#dfe;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Participer! </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_mitmache.png]]</div> * '''[[Special:Shortpages|Artikel verbessere]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel wo vil z’churz sind. * '''[[Special:Deadendpages|Stichwört verlinke]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel oni Links. * '''[[Special:Wantedpages|Neui Tekscht verfasse]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel wo brucht werde. * '''[[Wikipedia:Ich brauche Hilfe|Anderne Benutzer hälfe]]:''' Frage vo neue Benutzer beantworte. * '''[[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|Moyángeli kokóma]]:''' Spam lösche und Vandalismus verhindere. * '''[[Main_Page|Hauptsyte gestalte]]:''' Jedi Wuche gits es aktuells Thema. * '''[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Nachrichte schrybe]]:''' Aktuelli Mäldige ufem neuschte Stand halte. </div><div style="background:#fed;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> Wikipedia:Moyángeli <h2> Pages de Discussions </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_Kaffee.png]]</div> * '''[[Diskussion:Houptsyte|Houptsyte]]:''' Alles wo eu a de «Houptsyte» gfallt odr nid gfallt, Änderigsvorschläg, Wünsch für es aktuells Thema etc. [[Discussion:Main_Page|Diskutire&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community_Portal|Gmeinschafts-Portal]]:''' Was machet mir us dere Syte für d’Wikipedia-Gmeind? Wie händs di andere gmacht? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community-Portal|Kommentiere&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Diskussion:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]:''' Links i de Navigation hätts en Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]». Wer wott sich um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Current_events|Bitte mälde&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild|Wikipedia generell]]''': Vor allem Diskussione zur Umstellig vo Elsässerditsch uf Alemannisch. [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] * '''[[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo-Tekscht]]:''' Sinder mit dere Kompromiss-Lösig z’fride? [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Aaluege&nbsp;…]] * '''[[MediaWiki_Discussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|De «Style» vo dr alemannische Wikipedia]]:''' Alles über Layout und Syte-Gestaltig: d’Schriftgrössi, de Hindergrund, d’Farb vo de Links … [[MediaWiki_Diskussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|Vorschläg sammle&nbsp;…]] </div> [[ar:&#1608;&#1610;&#1603;&#1610;&#1576;&#1610;&#1583;&#1610;&#1575;:&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1610;&#1583;&#1575;&#1606;]] [[bg:&#1059;&#1080;&#1082;&#1080;&#1087;&#1077;&#1076;&#1080;&#1103;:&#1056;&#1072;&#1079;&#1075;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;&#1088;&#1080;]] [[ca:Discussió:Portada]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Pod lípou]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Y_Caffi]] [[da:Wikipedia:Landsbybr%F8nden]] [[en:Wikipedia:Village Pump]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babilejo]] [[es:Wikipedia:Café]] [[et:Vikipeedia:üldine arutelu]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Txoko]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kahvihuone]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Le Bistro]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Halla baile]] [[he:&#1493;&#1497;&#1511;&#1497;&#1508;&#1491;&#1497;&#1492;:&#1502;&#1494;&#1504;&#1493;&#1503;]] [[hi:&#2357;&#2367;&#2325;&#2367;&#2346;&#2368;&#2337;&#2367;&#2351;&#2366;:&#2327;&#2366;&#2305;&#2357; &#2325;&#2366; &#2346;&#2350;&#2381;&#2346;]] [[hr:Wikipedia:Kafi&#263;]] [[id:Wikipedia:Warung Kopi]] [[is:Wikipedia:Potturinn]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bar]] [[ja:Wikipedia:&#20117;&#25144;&#31471;]] [[ko:&#50948;&#53412;&#48177;&#44284;:&#49324;&#50857;&#51088; &#47784;&#51076;]] [[la:Wikipedia:Taberna]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Kedai Kopi]] [[na:Wikipedia:Tekawa ewak]] [[nah:Wikipedia:Tlatlahtoaloyan]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Ik bruuk hülp]] [[nl:Wikipedia:De kroeg]] [[no:Wikipedia:Vannposten]] [[oc:Oiquipedià:La tavèrna]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Kawiarenka pod Weso&#322;ym Encyklopedyst&#261;]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Esplanada]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cafenea]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Simple talk]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Kr&#269;ma]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Pod lipo]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Kuvendi]] [[sr:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Bybrunnen]] [[zh:Wikipedia:&#20114;&#21161;&#23458;&#26632;]] [[minnan:Wikipedia:Chhiū-á-kha]] <div style="border: 1px solid #ffad80; padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; color: #000; background-color: #fff7cb;"> <center>'''[http://www.livejournal.com/community/wikitech/1432.html Pourquoi Wikipédia est parfois siiiiii lent?]''' <small>(englisch)</small></center> </div> <br /> 2523 2005-04-02T15:41:34Z Bombo 12 <div style="background:#fdf;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2>Informations pour débuter</h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-65px;z-index:3;"> </div> [[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] | [[Wikipedia:kotambola yamibale|Kotambola yamibale]] | [[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]] | [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] | [[Wikipedia:Participer|Participer]] | [[Wikipedia:Foire aux questions|Bosungi (FAQ)]] | [[Special:Preferences|Mon compte personnel]]</br> Envie de participer, mais aucune idée? Traduisez un article de la Wikipédia [http://en.Wikipedia.org anglaise] ou [http://fr.Wikipedia.org française]! </div> '''Comment écrire le lingála?''' Notre [[User_talk:Bombo#caract.C3.A8res_sp.C3.A9ciaux|discussion]]. <div style="margin-top:10px; margin-right:0%; text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; border:1px solid green; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> [[Special:Lonelypages|lokasa etike]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Uncategorizedpages|articles sans catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ndambo ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|articles manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Shortpages|articles à prolonger]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Recentchanges|derniers mises à jour]]</div> <div style="width:35%;float:right;"> <div style="background:#def;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Nouvelles </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Megaphon.png]]</div> * Mir mache us dere Syte äs Gmeinschafts-Portal u sammle dadrzue no [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community_Portal|Idee u Vorschläg]]. Di Diskussione si uf [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] züglet. * Links i dr Navigation hets ä Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]». Wär wott sech um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? * Di alemannischi Wikipedia het sit Churzem es alemannisches [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo]]. Wenns bi dir nonid aazeigt wird, hiuft mängisch ä Reload (im Browser uf «Aktualisieren» klicke). </div><div style="background:#fff;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Premier Secours </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Firstaid.gif]]</div> * '''[[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Ändern|Tipps für ds Bearbeite]] * '''[[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]]''' * '''[[Wikipedia:Ich brauche Hilfe|Frage stelle]]''' </div> </div> <div style="float:left;width:65%;"> <div style="background:#dfe;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Participer! </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_mitmache.png]]</div> * '''[[Special:Shortpages|Artikel verbessere]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel wo vil z’churz sind. * '''[[Special:Deadendpages|Stichwört verlinke]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel oni Links. * '''[[Special:Wantedpages|Neui Tekscht verfasse]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel wo brucht werde. * '''[[Wikipedia:Ich brauche Hilfe|Anderne Benutzer hälfe]]:''' Frage vo neue Benutzer beantworte. * '''[[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|Moyángeli kokóma]]:''' Spam lösche und Vandalismus verhindere. * '''[[Main_Page|Hauptsyte gestalte]]:''' Jedi Wuche gits es aktuells Thema. * '''[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Nachrichte schrybe]]:''' Aktuelli Mäldige ufem neuschte Stand halte. </div><div style="background:#fed;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> Wikipedia:Moyángeli <h2> Pages de Discussions </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_Kaffee.png]]</div> * '''[[Diskussion:Houptsyte|Houptsyte]]:''' Alles wo eu a de «Houptsyte» gfallt odr nid gfallt, Änderigsvorschläg, Wünsch für es aktuells Thema etc. [[Discussion:Main_Page|Diskutire&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community_Portal|Gmeinschafts-Portal]]:''' Was machet mir us dere Syte für d’Wikipedia-Gmeind? Wie händs di andere gmacht? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community-Portal|Kommentiere&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Diskussion:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]:''' Links i de Navigation hätts en Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]». Wer wott sich um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Current_events|Bitte mälde&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild|Wikipedia generell]]''': Vor allem Diskussione zur Umstellig vo Elsässerditsch uf Alemannisch. [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] * '''[[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo-Tekscht]]:''' Sinder mit dere Kompromiss-Lösig z’fride? [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Aaluege&nbsp;…]] * '''[[MediaWiki_Discussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|De «Style» vo dr alemannische Wikipedia]]:''' Alles über Layout und Syte-Gestaltig: d’Schriftgrössi, de Hindergrund, d’Farb vo de Links … [[MediaWiki_Diskussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|Vorschläg sammle&nbsp;…]] </div> [[ar:&#1608;&#1610;&#1603;&#1610;&#1576;&#1610;&#1583;&#1610;&#1575;:&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1610;&#1583;&#1575;&#1606;]] [[bg:&#1059;&#1080;&#1082;&#1080;&#1087;&#1077;&#1076;&#1080;&#1103;:&#1056;&#1072;&#1079;&#1075;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;&#1088;&#1080;]] [[ca:Discussió:Portada]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Pod lípou]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Y_Caffi]] [[da:Wikipedia:Landsbybr%F8nden]] [[en:Wikipedia:Village Pump]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babilejo]] [[es:Wikipedia:Café]] [[et:Vikipeedia:üldine arutelu]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Txoko]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kahvihuone]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Le Bistro]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Halla baile]] [[he:&#1493;&#1497;&#1511;&#1497;&#1508;&#1491;&#1497;&#1492;:&#1502;&#1494;&#1504;&#1493;&#1503;]] [[hi:&#2357;&#2367;&#2325;&#2367;&#2346;&#2368;&#2337;&#2367;&#2351;&#2366;:&#2327;&#2366;&#2305;&#2357; &#2325;&#2366; &#2346;&#2350;&#2381;&#2346;]] [[hr:Wikipedia:Kafi&#263;]] [[id:Wikipedia:Warung Kopi]] [[is:Wikipedia:Potturinn]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bar]] [[ja:Wikipedia:&#20117;&#25144;&#31471;]] [[ko:&#50948;&#53412;&#48177;&#44284;:&#49324;&#50857;&#51088; &#47784;&#51076;]] [[la:Wikipedia:Taberna]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Kedai Kopi]] [[na:Wikipedia:Tekawa ewak]] [[nah:Wikipedia:Tlatlahtoaloyan]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Ik bruuk hülp]] [[nl:Wikipedia:De kroeg]] [[no:Wikipedia:Vannposten]] [[oc:Oiquipedià:La tavèrna]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Kawiarenka pod Weso&#322;ym Encyklopedyst&#261;]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Esplanada]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cafenea]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Simple talk]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Kr&#269;ma]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Pod lipo]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Kuvendi]] [[sr:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Bybrunnen]] [[zh:Wikipedia:&#20114;&#21161;&#23458;&#26632;]] [[minnan:Wikipedia:Chhiū-á-kha]] <div style="border: 1px solid #ffad80; padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; color: #000; background-color: #fff7cb;"> <center>'''[http://www.livejournal.com/community/wikitech/1432.html Pourquoi Wikipédia est parfois siiiiii lent?]''' <small>(englisch)</small></center> </div> <br /> 2628 2005-04-02T15:43:03Z Bombo 12 <div style="background:#fdf;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2>Informations pour débuter</h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-65px;z-index:3;"> </div> [[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] | [[Wikipedia:kotambola yamibale|Kotambola yamibale]] | [[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]] | [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] | [[Wikipedia:Participer|Participer]] | [[Wikipedia:Foire aux questions|Bosungi (FAQ)]] | [[Special:Preferences|Mon compte personnel]]</br> Envie de participer, mais aucune idée? Traduisez un article de la Wikipédia [http://en.Wikipedia.org anglaise] ou [http://fr.Wikipedia.org française]! </div> '''Comment écrire le lingála?''' Notre [[User_talk:Bombo#caract.C3.A8res_sp.C3.A9ciaux|discussion]]. <div style="margin-top:10px; margin-right:0%; text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; border:1px solid green; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> [[Special:Lonelypages|lokasa etike]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Uncategorizedpages|articles sans catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ndambo ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|articles manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Shortpages|articles à prolonger]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Recentchanges|derniers mises à jour]]</div> <div style="width:35%;float:right;"> <div style="background:#def;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Nouvelles </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Megaphon.png]]</div> * Mir mache us dere Syte äs Gmeinschafts-Portal u sammle dadrzue no [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community_Portal|Idee u Vorschläg]]. Di Diskussione si uf [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] züglet. * Links i dr Navigation hets ä Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]». Wär wott sech um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? * Di alemannischi Wikipedia het sit Churzem es alemannisches [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo]]. Wenns bi dir nonid aazeigt wird, hiuft mängisch ä Reload (im Browser uf «Aktualisieren» klicke). </div><div style="background:#fff;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Premier Secours </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Firstaid.gif]]</div> * '''[[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Ändern|Tipps für ds Bearbeite]] * '''[[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]]''' * '''[[Wikipedia:Foire aux questions|Bosungi (FAQ)]]''' </div> </div> <div style="float:left;width:65%;"> <div style="background:#dfe;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Participer! </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_mitmache.png]]</div> * '''[[Special:Shortpages|Artikel verbessere]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel wo vil z’churz sind. * '''[[Special:Deadendpages|Stichwört verlinke]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel oni Links. * '''[[Special:Wantedpages|Neui Tekscht verfasse]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel wo brucht werde. * '''[[Wikipedia:Ich brauche Hilfe|Anderne Benutzer hälfe]]:''' Frage vo neue Benutzer beantworte. * '''[[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|Moyángeli kokóma]]:''' Spam lösche und Vandalismus verhindere. * '''[[Main_Page|Hauptsyte gestalte]]:''' Jedi Wuche gits es aktuells Thema. * '''[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Nachrichte schrybe]]:''' Aktuelli Mäldige ufem neuschte Stand halte. </div><div style="background:#fed;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> Wikipedia:Moyángeli <h2> Pages de Discussions </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_Kaffee.png]]</div> * '''[[Diskussion:Houptsyte|Houptsyte]]:''' Alles wo eu a de «Houptsyte» gfallt odr nid gfallt, Änderigsvorschläg, Wünsch für es aktuells Thema etc. [[Discussion:Main_Page|Diskutire&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community_Portal|Gmeinschafts-Portal]]:''' Was machet mir us dere Syte für d’Wikipedia-Gmeind? Wie händs di andere gmacht? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community-Portal|Kommentiere&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Diskussion:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]:''' Links i de Navigation hätts en Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]». Wer wott sich um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Current_events|Bitte mälde&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild|Wikipedia generell]]''': Vor allem Diskussione zur Umstellig vo Elsässerditsch uf Alemannisch. [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] * '''[[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo-Tekscht]]:''' Sinder mit dere Kompromiss-Lösig z’fride? [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Aaluege&nbsp;…]] * '''[[MediaWiki_Discussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|De «Style» vo dr alemannische Wikipedia]]:''' Alles über Layout und Syte-Gestaltig: d’Schriftgrössi, de Hindergrund, d’Farb vo de Links … [[MediaWiki_Diskussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|Vorschläg sammle&nbsp;…]] </div> [[ar:&#1608;&#1610;&#1603;&#1610;&#1576;&#1610;&#1583;&#1610;&#1575;:&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1610;&#1583;&#1575;&#1606;]] [[bg:&#1059;&#1080;&#1082;&#1080;&#1087;&#1077;&#1076;&#1080;&#1103;:&#1056;&#1072;&#1079;&#1075;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;&#1088;&#1080;]] [[ca:Discussió:Portada]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Pod lípou]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Y_Caffi]] [[da:Wikipedia:Landsbybr%F8nden]] [[en:Wikipedia:Village Pump]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babilejo]] [[es:Wikipedia:Café]] [[et:Vikipeedia:üldine arutelu]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Txoko]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kahvihuone]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Le Bistro]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Halla baile]] [[he:&#1493;&#1497;&#1511;&#1497;&#1508;&#1491;&#1497;&#1492;:&#1502;&#1494;&#1504;&#1493;&#1503;]] [[hi:&#2357;&#2367;&#2325;&#2367;&#2346;&#2368;&#2337;&#2367;&#2351;&#2366;:&#2327;&#2366;&#2305;&#2357; &#2325;&#2366; &#2346;&#2350;&#2381;&#2346;]] [[hr:Wikipedia:Kafi&#263;]] [[id:Wikipedia:Warung Kopi]] [[is:Wikipedia:Potturinn]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bar]] [[ja:Wikipedia:&#20117;&#25144;&#31471;]] [[ko:&#50948;&#53412;&#48177;&#44284;:&#49324;&#50857;&#51088; &#47784;&#51076;]] [[la:Wikipedia:Taberna]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Kedai Kopi]] [[na:Wikipedia:Tekawa ewak]] [[nah:Wikipedia:Tlatlahtoaloyan]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Ik bruuk hülp]] [[nl:Wikipedia:De kroeg]] [[no:Wikipedia:Vannposten]] [[oc:Oiquipedià:La tavèrna]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Kawiarenka pod Weso&#322;ym Encyklopedyst&#261;]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Esplanada]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cafenea]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Simple talk]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Kr&#269;ma]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Pod lipo]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Kuvendi]] [[sr:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Bybrunnen]] [[zh:Wikipedia:&#20114;&#21161;&#23458;&#26632;]] [[minnan:Wikipedia:Chhiū-á-kha]] <div style="border: 1px solid #ffad80; padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; color: #000; background-color: #fff7cb;"> <center>'''[http://www.livejournal.com/community/wikitech/1432.html Pourquoi Wikipédia est parfois siiiiii lent?]''' <small>(englisch)</small></center> </div> <br /> 4592 2005-05-11T03:58:09Z Moyogo 11 lonkásá etíké <div style="background:#fdf;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2>Informations pour débuter</h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-65px;z-index:3;"> </div> [[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] | [[Wikipedia:kotambola yamibale|Kotambola yamibale]] | [[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]] | [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] | [[Wikipedia:Participer|Participer]] | [[Wikipedia:Foire aux questions|Bosungi (FAQ)]] | [[Special:Preferences|Mon compte personnel]]</br> Envie de participer, mais aucune idée? Traduisez un article de la Wikipédia [http://en.Wikipedia.org anglaise] ou [http://fr.Wikipedia.org française]! </div> '''Comment écrire le lingála?''' Notre [[User_talk:Bombo#caract.C3.A8res_sp.C3.A9ciaux|discussion]]. <div style="margin-top:10px; margin-right:0%; text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; border:1px solid green; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> [[Special:Lonelypages|lonkásá etíké]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Uncategorizedpages|articles sans catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ndambo ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|articles manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Shortpages|articles à prolonger]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Recentchanges|derniers mises à jour]]</div> <div style="width:35%;float:right;"> <div style="background:#def;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Nouvelles </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Megaphon.png]]</div> * Mir mache us dere Syte äs Gmeinschafts-Portal u sammle dadrzue no [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community_Portal|Idee u Vorschläg]]. Di Diskussione si uf [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] züglet. * Links i dr Navigation hets ä Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]». Wär wott sech um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? * Di alemannischi Wikipedia het sit Churzem es alemannisches [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo]]. Wenns bi dir nonid aazeigt wird, hiuft mängisch ä Reload (im Browser uf «Aktualisieren» klicke). </div><div style="background:#fff;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Premier Secours </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Firstaid.gif]]</div> * '''[[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Ändern|Tipps für ds Bearbeite]] * '''[[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]]''' * '''[[Wikipedia:Foire aux questions|Bosungi (FAQ)]]''' </div> </div> <div style="float:left;width:65%;"> <div style="background:#dfe;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Participer! </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_mitmache.png]]</div> * '''[[Special:Shortpages|Artikel verbessere]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel wo vil z’churz sind. * '''[[Special:Deadendpages|Stichwört verlinke]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel oni Links. * '''[[Special:Wantedpages|Neui Tekscht verfasse]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel wo brucht werde. * '''[[Wikipedia:Ich brauche Hilfe|Anderne Benutzer hälfe]]:''' Frage vo neue Benutzer beantworte. * '''[[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|Moyángeli kokóma]]:''' Spam lösche und Vandalismus verhindere. * '''[[Main_Page|Hauptsyte gestalte]]:''' Jedi Wuche gits es aktuells Thema. * '''[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Nachrichte schrybe]]:''' Aktuelli Mäldige ufem neuschte Stand halte. </div><div style="background:#fed;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> Wikipedia:Moyángeli <h2> Pages de Discussions </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_Kaffee.png]]</div> * '''[[Diskussion:Houptsyte|Houptsyte]]:''' Alles wo eu a de «Houptsyte» gfallt odr nid gfallt, Änderigsvorschläg, Wünsch für es aktuells Thema etc. [[Discussion:Main_Page|Diskutire&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community_Portal|Gmeinschafts-Portal]]:''' Was machet mir us dere Syte für d’Wikipedia-Gmeind? Wie händs di andere gmacht? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community-Portal|Kommentiere&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Diskussion:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]:''' Links i de Navigation hätts en Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]». Wer wott sich um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Current_events|Bitte mälde&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild|Wikipedia generell]]''': Vor allem Diskussione zur Umstellig vo Elsässerditsch uf Alemannisch. [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] * '''[[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo-Tekscht]]:''' Sinder mit dere Kompromiss-Lösig z’fride? [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Aaluege&nbsp;…]] * '''[[MediaWiki_Discussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|De «Style» vo dr alemannische Wikipedia]]:''' Alles über Layout und Syte-Gestaltig: d’Schriftgrössi, de Hindergrund, d’Farb vo de Links … [[MediaWiki_Diskussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|Vorschläg sammle&nbsp;…]] </div> [[ar:&#1608;&#1610;&#1603;&#1610;&#1576;&#1610;&#1583;&#1610;&#1575;:&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1610;&#1583;&#1575;&#1606;]] [[bg:&#1059;&#1080;&#1082;&#1080;&#1087;&#1077;&#1076;&#1080;&#1103;:&#1056;&#1072;&#1079;&#1075;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;&#1088;&#1080;]] [[ca:Discussió:Portada]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Pod lípou]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Y_Caffi]] [[da:Wikipedia:Landsbybr%F8nden]] [[en:Wikipedia:Village Pump]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babilejo]] [[es:Wikipedia:Café]] [[et:Vikipeedia:üldine arutelu]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Txoko]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kahvihuone]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Le Bistro]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Halla baile]] [[he:&#1493;&#1497;&#1511;&#1497;&#1508;&#1491;&#1497;&#1492;:&#1502;&#1494;&#1504;&#1493;&#1503;]] [[hi:&#2357;&#2367;&#2325;&#2367;&#2346;&#2368;&#2337;&#2367;&#2351;&#2366;:&#2327;&#2366;&#2305;&#2357; &#2325;&#2366; &#2346;&#2350;&#2381;&#2346;]] [[hr:Wikipedia:Kafi&#263;]] [[id:Wikipedia:Warung Kopi]] [[is:Wikipedia:Potturinn]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bar]] [[ja:Wikipedia:&#20117;&#25144;&#31471;]] [[ko:&#50948;&#53412;&#48177;&#44284;:&#49324;&#50857;&#51088; &#47784;&#51076;]] [[la:Wikipedia:Taberna]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Kedai Kopi]] [[na:Wikipedia:Tekawa ewak]] [[nah:Wikipedia:Tlatlahtoaloyan]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Ik bruuk hülp]] [[nl:Wikipedia:De kroeg]] [[no:Wikipedia:Vannposten]] [[oc:Oiquipedià:La tavèrna]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Kawiarenka pod Weso&#322;ym Encyklopedyst&#261;]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Esplanada]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cafenea]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Simple talk]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Kr&#269;ma]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Pod lipo]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Kuvendi]] [[sr:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Bybrunnen]] [[zh:Wikipedia:&#20114;&#21161;&#23458;&#26632;]] [[minnan:Wikipedia:Chhiū-á-kha]] <div style="border: 1px solid #ffad80; padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; color: #000; background-color: #fff7cb;"> <center>'''[http://www.livejournal.com/community/wikitech/1432.html Pourquoi Wikipédia est parfois siiiiii lent?]''' <small>(englisch)</small></center> </div> <br /> 5471 2005-07-21T16:32:54Z 81.135.245.140 <div style="background:#fdf;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2>Informations pour débuter</h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-65px;z-index:3;"> </div> [[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] | [[Wikipedia:kotambola yamibale|Kotambola yamibale]] | [[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]] | [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] | [[Wikipedia:Participer|Participer]] | [[Wikipedia:Foire aux questions|Bosungi (FAQ)]] | [[Special:Preferences|Mon compte personnel]]</br> Envie de participer, mais aucune idée? Traduisez un article de la Wikipédia [http://en.Wikipedia.org anglaise] ou [http://fr.Wikipedia.org française]! </div> '''Comment écrire le lingála?''' Notre [[User_talk:Bombo#caract.C3.A8res_sp.C3.A9ciaux|discussion]]. <div style="margin-top:10px; margin-right:0%; text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; border:1px solid green; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> [[Special:Lonelypages|lonkásá etíké]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Uncategorizedpages|articles sans catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ndambo ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|articles manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Shortpages|articles à prolonger]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Recentchanges|derniers mises à jour]]</div> <div style="width:35%;float:right;"> <div style="background:#def;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Nouvelles </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Megaphon.png]]</div> * Mir mache us dere Syte äs Gmeinschafts-Portal u sammle dadrzue no [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community_Portal|Idee u Vorschläg]]. Di Diskussione si uf [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] züglet. * Links i dr Navigation hets ä Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]». Wär wott sech um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? * Di alemannischi Wikipedia het sit Churzem es alemannisches [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo]]. Wenns bi dir nonid aazeigt wird, hiuft mängisch ä Reload (im Browser uf «Aktualisieren» klicke). </div><div style="background:#fff;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Premier Secours </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Firstaid.gif]]</div> * '''[[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Ändern|Tipps für ds Bearbeite]] * '''[[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]]''' * '''[[Wikipedia:Foire aux questions|Bosungi (FAQ)]]''' </div> </div> <div style="float:left;width:65%;"> <div style="background:#dfe;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> {| align="center" style="background-color:#E8F1FF; padding:1px; border:1px solid #000000" |- style="background-color:#E8F1FF" ! ''Utiliser les modèles de langue'' |- style="background-color:#E8F1FF" | Dans le but de faciliter la communication entre utilisateurs pratiquant différentes langues, ont été créés des '''modèles d'utilisateurs par langue'''. La syntaxe de ces modèles est commune pour de nombreux projets Wikimedia tels que [[commons:Commons:Babel|Wikimedia Commons]] ou [[meta:Meta:Babel templates|Meta-Wiki]], leur utilisation en est donc simplifiée. Ils sont à utiliser sur votre page utilisateur, sur laquelle il suffit d'ajouter si par exemple vous êtes trilingue <nowiki>{{babel-3|ln|fr-2|als-1}}</nowiki>, ce qui donnera : {{babel-3|ln|fr-2|als-1}} La syntaxe détaillée est expliquée [[Wikipédia:Babel|ici]]. |-- align="right" |<small>[{{SERVER}}/w/wiki.phtml?title=Modèle:Astuce_du_jour&amp;action=edit Modifier ce cadre]</small> |} <h2> Participer! </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_mitmache.png]]</div> * '''[[Special:Shortpages|Artikel verbessere]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel wo vil z’churz sind. * '''[[Special:Deadendpages|Stichwört verlinke]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel oni Links. * '''[[Special:Wantedpages|Neui Tekscht verfasse]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel wo brucht werde. * '''[[Wikipedia:Ich brauche Hilfe|Anderne Benutzer hälfe]]:''' Frage vo neue Benutzer beantworte. * '''[[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|Moyángeli kokóma]]:''' Spam lösche und Vandalismus verhindere. * '''[[Main_Page|Hauptsyte gestalte]]:''' Jedi Wuche gits es aktuells Thema. * '''[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Nachrichte schrybe]]:''' Aktuelli Mäldige ufem neuschte Stand halte. </div><div style="background:#fed;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> Wikipedia:Moyángeli <h2> Pages de Discussions </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_Kaffee.png]]</div> * '''[[Diskussion:Houptsyte|Houptsyte]]:''' Alles wo eu a de «Houptsyte» gfallt odr nid gfallt, Änderigsvorschläg, Wünsch für es aktuells Thema etc. [[Discussion:Main_Page|Diskutire&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community_Portal|Gmeinschafts-Portal]]:''' Was machet mir us dere Syte für d’Wikipedia-Gmeind? Wie händs di andere gmacht? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community-Portal|Kommentiere&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Diskussion:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]:''' Links i de Navigation hätts en Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]». Wer wott sich um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Current_events|Bitte mälde&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild|Wikipedia generell]]''': Vor allem Diskussione zur Umstellig vo Elsässerditsch uf Alemannisch. [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] * '''[[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo-Tekscht]]:''' Sinder mit dere Kompromiss-Lösig z’fride? [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Aaluege&nbsp;…]] * '''[[MediaWiki_Discussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|De «Style» vo dr alemannische Wikipedia]]:''' Alles über Layout und Syte-Gestaltig: d’Schriftgrössi, de Hindergrund, d’Farb vo de Links … [[MediaWiki_Diskussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|Vorschläg sammle&nbsp;…]] </div> [[ar:&#1608;&#1610;&#1603;&#1610;&#1576;&#1610;&#1583;&#1610;&#1575;:&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1610;&#1583;&#1575;&#1606;]] [[bg:&#1059;&#1080;&#1082;&#1080;&#1087;&#1077;&#1076;&#1080;&#1103;:&#1056;&#1072;&#1079;&#1075;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;&#1088;&#1080;]] [[ca:Discussió:Portada]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Pod lípou]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Y_Caffi]] [[da:Wikipedia:Landsbybr%F8nden]] [[en:Wikipedia:Village Pump]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babilejo]] [[es:Wikipedia:Café]] [[et:Vikipeedia:üldine arutelu]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Txoko]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kahvihuone]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Le Bistro]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Halla baile]] [[he:&#1493;&#1497;&#1511;&#1497;&#1508;&#1491;&#1497;&#1492;:&#1502;&#1494;&#1504;&#1493;&#1503;]] [[hi:&#2357;&#2367;&#2325;&#2367;&#2346;&#2368;&#2337;&#2367;&#2351;&#2366;:&#2327;&#2366;&#2305;&#2357; &#2325;&#2366; &#2346;&#2350;&#2381;&#2346;]] [[hr:Wikipedia:Kafi&#263;]] [[id:Wikipedia:Warung Kopi]] [[is:Wikipedia:Potturinn]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bar]] [[ja:Wikipedia:&#20117;&#25144;&#31471;]] [[ko:&#50948;&#53412;&#48177;&#44284;:&#49324;&#50857;&#51088; &#47784;&#51076;]] [[la:Wikipedia:Taberna]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Kedai Kopi]] [[na:Wikipedia:Tekawa ewak]] [[nah:Wikipedia:Tlatlahtoaloyan]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Ik bruuk hülp]] [[nl:Wikipedia:De kroeg]] [[no:Wikipedia:Vannposten]] [[oc:Oiquipedià:La tavèrna]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Kawiarenka pod Weso&#322;ym Encyklopedyst&#261;]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Esplanada]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cafenea]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Simple talk]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Kr&#269;ma]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Pod lipo]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Kuvendi]] [[sr:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Bybrunnen]] [[zh:Wikipedia:&#20114;&#21161;&#23458;&#26632;]] [[minnan:Wikipedia:Chhiū-á-kha]] <div style="border: 1px solid #ffad80; padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; color: #000; background-color: #fff7cb;"> <center>'''[http://www.livejournal.com/community/wikitech/1432.html Pourquoi Wikipédia est parfois siiiiii lent?]''' <small>(englisch)</small></center> </div> <br /> 6155 2005-09-05T09:41:52Z Bombo 12 <div style="background:#fdf;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2>Informations pour débuter</h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-65px;z-index:3;"> </div> [[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] | [[Wikipedia:kotambola yamibale|Kotambola yamibale]] | [[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]] | [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] | [[Wikipedia:Participer|Participer]] | [[Wikipedia:Foire aux questions|Bosungi (FAQ)]] | [[Special:Preferences|Mon compte personnel]]</br> Envie de participer, mais aucune idée? Traduisez un article de la Wikipédia [http://en.Wikipedia.org anglaise] ou [http://fr.Wikipedia.org française]! </div> '''Comment écrire le lingála?''' Notre [[User_talk:Bombo#caract.C3.A8res_sp.C3.A9ciaux|discussion]]. <div style="margin-top:10px; margin-right:0%; text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; border:1px solid green; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> [[Special:Lonelypages|lonkásá etíké]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Uncategorizedpages|articles sans catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ndambo ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|articles manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Shortpages|articles à prolonger]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Recentchanges|derniers mises à jour]]</div> <div style="width:35%;float:right;"> <div style="background:#def;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Nouvelles </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Megaphon.png]]</div> * Mir mache us dere Syte äs Gmeinschafts-Portal u sammle dadrzue no [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community_Portal|Idee u Vorschläg]]. Di Diskussione si uf [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] züglet. * Links i dr Navigation hets ä Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]». Wär wott sech um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? * Di alemannischi Wikipedia het sit Churzem es alemannisches [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo]]. Wenns bi dir nonid aazeigt wird, hiuft mängisch ä Reload (im Browser uf «Aktualisieren» klicke). </div><div style="background:#fff;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Premier Secours </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Firstaid.gif]]</div> * '''[[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Ändern|Tipps für ds Bearbeite]] * '''[[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]]''' * '''[[Wikipedia:Foire aux questions|Bosungi (FAQ)]]''' </div> </div> <div style="float:left;width:65%;"> <div style="background:#dfe;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> {| align="center" style="background-color:#E8F1FF; padding:1px; border:1px solid #000000" |- style="background-color:#E8F1FF" ! ''Utiliser les modèles de langue'' |- style="background-color:#E8F1FF" | Dans le but de faciliter la communication entre utilisateurs pratiquant différentes langues, ont été créés des '''modèles d'utilisateurs par langue'''. La syntaxe de ces modèles est commune pour de nombreux projets Wikimedia tels que [[commons:Commons:Babel|Wikimedia Commons]] ou [[meta:Meta:Babel templates|Meta-Wiki]], leur utilisation en est donc simplifiée. Ils sont à utiliser sur votre page utilisateur, sur laquelle il suffit d'ajouter si par exemple vous êtes trilingue <nowiki>{{babel-3|ln|fr-2|als-1}}</nowiki>, ce qui donnera : {{babel-3|ln|fr-2|als-1}} La syntaxe détaillée est expliquée [[Wikipédia:Babel|ici]]. |-- align="right" |<small>[{{SERVER}}/w/wiki.phtml?title=Modèle:Astuce_du_jour&amp;action=edit Modifier ce cadre]</small> |} <h2> Participer! </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_mitmache.png]]</div> * '''[[Special:Shortpages|Artikel verbessere]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel wo vil z’churz sind. * '''[[Special:Deadendpages|Stichwört verlinke]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel oni Links. * '''[[Special:Wantedpages|Neui Tekscht verfasse]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel wo brucht werde. * '''[[Wikipedia:Ich brauche Hilfe|Anderne Benutzer hälfe]]:''' Frage vo neue Benutzer beantworte. * '''[[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|Moyángeli kokóma]]:''' Spam lösche und Vandalismus verhindere. * '''[[Main_Page|Hauptsyte gestalte]]:''' Jedi Wuche gits es aktuells Thema. * '''[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Nachrichte schrybe]]:''' Aktuelli Mäldige ufem neuschte Stand halte. </div><div style="background:#fed;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> Wikipedia:Moyángeli <h2> Pages de Discussions </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_Kaffee.png]]</div> * '''[[Discussion:Lonkásá ya liboso|Lonkásá ya liboso]]:''' Alles wo eu a de «Lonkásá ya liboso» gfallt odr nid gfallt, Änderigsvorschläg, Wünsch für es aktuells Thema etc. [[Discussion:Lonkásá ya liboso|Diskutire&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community_Portal|Gmeinschafts-Portal]]:''' Was machet mir us dere Syte für d’Wikipedia-Gmeind? Wie händs di andere gmacht? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community-Portal|Kommentiere&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Diskussion:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]:''' Links i de Navigation hätts en Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Elɔkɔ ya sika / nouvelles]]». Wer wott sich um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Current_events|Bitte mälde&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild|Wikipedia generell]]''': Vor allem Diskussione zur Umstellig vo Elsässerditsch uf Alemannisch. [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] * '''[[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo-Tekscht]]:''' Sinder mit dere Kompromiss-Lösig z’fride? [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Aaluege&nbsp;…]] * '''[[MediaWiki_Discussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|De «Style» vo dr alemannische Wikipedia]]:''' Alles über Layout und Syte-Gestaltig: d’Schriftgrössi, de Hindergrund, d’Farb vo de Links … [[MediaWiki_Diskussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|Vorschläg sammle&nbsp;…]] </div> [[ar:&#1608;&#1610;&#1603;&#1610;&#1576;&#1610;&#1583;&#1610;&#1575;:&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1610;&#1583;&#1575;&#1606;]] [[bg:&#1059;&#1080;&#1082;&#1080;&#1087;&#1077;&#1076;&#1080;&#1103;:&#1056;&#1072;&#1079;&#1075;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;&#1088;&#1080;]] [[ca:Discussió:Portada]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Pod lípou]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Y_Caffi]] [[da:Wikipedia:Landsbybr%F8nden]] [[en:Wikipedia:Village Pump]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babilejo]] [[es:Wikipedia:Café]] [[et:Vikipeedia:üldine arutelu]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Txoko]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kahvihuone]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Le Bistro]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Halla baile]] [[he:&#1493;&#1497;&#1511;&#1497;&#1508;&#1491;&#1497;&#1492;:&#1502;&#1494;&#1504;&#1493;&#1503;]] [[hi:&#2357;&#2367;&#2325;&#2367;&#2346;&#2368;&#2337;&#2367;&#2351;&#2366;:&#2327;&#2366;&#2305;&#2357; &#2325;&#2366; &#2346;&#2350;&#2381;&#2346;]] [[hr:Wikipedia:Kafi&#263;]] [[id:Wikipedia:Warung Kopi]] [[is:Wikipedia:Potturinn]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bar]] [[ja:Wikipedia:&#20117;&#25144;&#31471;]] [[ko:&#50948;&#53412;&#48177;&#44284;:&#49324;&#50857;&#51088; &#47784;&#51076;]] [[la:Wikipedia:Taberna]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Kedai Kopi]] [[na:Wikipedia:Tekawa ewak]] [[nah:Wikipedia:Tlatlahtoaloyan]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Ik bruuk hülp]] [[nl:Wikipedia:De kroeg]] [[no:Wikipedia:Vannposten]] [[oc:Oiquipedià:La tavèrna]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Kawiarenka pod Weso&#322;ym Encyklopedyst&#261;]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Esplanada]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cafenea]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Simple talk]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Kr&#269;ma]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Pod lipo]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Kuvendi]] [[sr:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Bybrunnen]] [[zh:Wikipedia:&#20114;&#21161;&#23458;&#26632;]] [[minnan:Wikipedia:Chhiū-á-kha]] <div style="border: 1px solid #ffad80; padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; color: #000; background-color: #fff7cb;"> <center>'''[http://www.livejournal.com/community/wikitech/1432.html Pourquoi Wikipédia est parfois siiiiii lent?]''' <small>(englisch)</small></center> </div> <br /> 6156 2005-09-05T09:44:08Z Bombo 12 <div style="background:#fdf;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2>Informations pour débuter</h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-65px;z-index:3;"> </div> [[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] | [[Wikipedia:kotambola yamibale|Kotambola yamibale]] | [[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]] | [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] | [[Wikipedia:Participer|Participer]] | [[Wikipedia:Foire aux questions|Bosungi (FAQ)]] | [[Special:Preferences|Mon compte personnel]]</br> Envie de participer, mais aucune idée? Traduisez un article de la Wikipédia [http://en.Wikipedia.org anglaise] ou [http://fr.Wikipedia.org française]! </div> '''Comment écrire le lingála?''' Notre [[User_talk:Bombo#caract.C3.A8res_sp.C3.A9ciaux|discussion]]. <div style="margin-top:10px; margin-right:0%; text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; border:1px solid green; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> [[Special:Lonelypages|lonkásá etíké]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Uncategorizedpages|articles sans catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ndambo ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|articles manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Shortpages|articles à prolonger]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Recentchanges|derniers mises à jour]]</div> <div style="width:35%;float:right;"> <div style="background:#def;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Nouvelles </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Megaphon.png]]</div> * Mir mache us dere Syte äs Gmeinschafts-Portal u sammle dadrzue no [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community_Portal|Idee u Vorschläg]]. Di Diskussione si uf [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] züglet. * Links i dr Navigation hets ä Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]». Wär wott sech um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? * Di alemannischi Wikipedia het sit Churzem es alemannisches [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo]]. Wenns bi dir nonid aazeigt wird, hiuft mängisch ä Reload (im Browser uf «Aktualisieren» klicke). </div><div style="background:#fff;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Premier Secours </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Firstaid.gif]]</div> * '''[[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Ändern|Tipps für ds Bearbeite]] * '''[[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]]''' * '''[[Wikipedia:Foire aux questions|Bosungi (FAQ)]]''' </div> </div> <div style="float:left;width:65%;"> <div style="background:#dfe;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> {| align="center" style="background-color:#E8F1FF; padding:1px; border:1px solid #000000" |- style="background-color:#E8F1FF" ! ''Utiliser les modèles de langue'' |- style="background-color:#E8F1FF" | Dans le but de faciliter la communication entre utilisateurs pratiquant différentes langues, ont été créés des '''modèles d'utilisateurs par langue'''. La syntaxe de ces modèles est commune pour de nombreux projets Wikimedia tels que [[commons:Commons:Babel|Wikimedia Commons]] ou [[meta:Meta:Babel templates|Meta-Wiki]], leur utilisation en est donc simplifiée. Ils sont à utiliser sur votre page utilisateur, sur laquelle il suffit d'ajouter si par exemple vous êtes trilingue <nowiki>{{babel-3|ln|fr-2|als-1}}</nowiki>, ce qui donnera : {{babel-3|ln|fr-2|als-1}} La syntaxe détaillée est expliquée [[Wikipédia:Babel|ici]]. |-- align="right" |<small>[{{SERVER}}/w/wiki.phtml?title=Modèle:Astuce_du_jour&amp;action=edit Modifier ce cadre]</small> |} <h2> Participer! </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_mitmache.png]]</div> * '''[[Special:Shortpages|Artikel verbessere]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel wo vil z’churz sind. * '''[[Special:Deadendpages|Stichwört verlinke]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel oni Links. * '''[[Special:Wantedpages|Neui Tekscht verfasse]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel wo brucht werde. * '''[[Wikipedia:Ich brauche Hilfe|Anderne Benutzer hälfe]]:''' Frage vo neue Benutzer beantworte. * '''[[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|Moyángeli kokóma]]:''' Spam lösche und Vandalismus verhindere. * '''[[Main_Page|Hauptsyte gestalte]]:''' Jedi Wuche gits es aktuells Thema. * '''[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Nachrichte schrybe]]:''' Aktuelli Mäldige ufem neuschte Stand halte. </div><div style="background:#fed;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> Wikipedia:Moyángeli <h2> Pages de Discussions </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_Kaffee.png]]</div> * '''[[Discussion:Lonkásá ya liboso|Lonkásá ya liboso]]:''' Alles wo eu a de «Lonkásá ya liboso» gfallt odr nid gfallt, Änderigsvorschläg, Wünsch für es aktuells Thema etc. [[Discussion:Lonkásá ya liboso|Diskutire&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community_Portal|Gmeinschafts-Portal]]:''' Was machet mir us dere Syte für d’Wikipedia-Gmeind? Wie händs di andere gmacht? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community-Portal|Kommentiere&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Diskussion:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]:''' Links i de Navigation hätts en Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Elɔkɔ ya sika / nouvelles]]». Wer wott sich um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Current_events|Bitte mälde&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild|Wikipedia generell]]''': Vor allem Diskussione zur Umstellig vo Elsässerditsch uf Alemannisch. [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] * '''[[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo-Tekscht]]:''' Sinder mit dere Kompromiss-Lösig z’fride? [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Aaluege&nbsp;…]] * '''[[MediaWiki_Discussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|De «Style» vo dr alemannische Wikipedia]]:''' Alles über Layout und Syte-Gestaltig: d’Schriftgrössi, de Hindergrund, d’Farb vo de Links … [[MediaWiki_Diskussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|Vorschläg sammle&nbsp;…]] </div> [[ar:&#1608;&#1610;&#1603;&#1610;&#1576;&#1610;&#1583;&#1610;&#1575;:&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1610;&#1583;&#1575;&#1606;]] [[bg:&#1059;&#1080;&#1082;&#1080;&#1087;&#1077;&#1076;&#1080;&#1103;:&#1056;&#1072;&#1079;&#1075;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;&#1088;&#1080;]] [[ca:Discussió:Portada]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Pod lípou]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Y_Caffi]] [[da:Wikipedia:Landsbybr%F8nden]] [[en:Wikipedia:Village Pump]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babilejo]] [[es:Wikipedia:Café]] [[et:Vikipeedia:üldine arutelu]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Txoko]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kahvihuone]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Le Bistro]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Halla baile]] [[he:&#1493;&#1497;&#1511;&#1497;&#1508;&#1491;&#1497;&#1492;:&#1502;&#1494;&#1504;&#1493;&#1503;]] [[hi:&#2357;&#2367;&#2325;&#2367;&#2346;&#2368;&#2337;&#2367;&#2351;&#2366;:&#2327;&#2366;&#2305;&#2357; &#2325;&#2366; &#2346;&#2350;&#2381;&#2346;]] [[hr:Wikipedia:Kafi&#263;]] [[id:Wikipedia:Warung Kopi]] [[is:Wikipedia:Potturinn]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bar]] [[ja:Wikipedia:&#20117;&#25144;&#31471;]] [[ko:&#50948;&#53412;&#48177;&#44284;:&#49324;&#50857;&#51088; &#47784;&#51076;]] [[la:Wikipedia:Taberna]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Kedai Kopi]] [[na:Wikipedia:Tekawa ewak]] [[nah:Wikipedia:Tlatlahtoaloyan]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Ik bruuk hülp]] [[nl:Wikipedia:De kroeg]] [[no:Wikipedia:Vannposten]] [[oc:Oiquipedià:La tavèrna]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Kawiarenka pod Weso&#322;ym Encyklopedyst&#261;]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Esplanada]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cafenea]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Simple talk]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Kr&#269;ma]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Pod lipo]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Kuvendi]] [[sr:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Bybrunnen]] [[zh:Wikipedia:&#20114;&#21161;&#23458;&#26632;]] <div style="border: 1px solid #ffad80; padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; color: #000; background-color: #fff7cb;"> <center>'''[http://www.livejournal.com/community/wikitech/1432.html Pourquoi Wikipédia est parfois siiiiii lent?]''' <small>(englisch)</small></center> </div> <br /> 6190 2005-09-08T12:29:09Z 160.85.2.50 <div style="background:#fdf;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2>Informations pour débuter</h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-65px;z-index:3;"> </div> [[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] | [[Wikipedia:kotambola yamibale|Kotambola yamibale]] | [[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]] | [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] | [[Wikipedia:Participer|Participer]] | [[Wikipedia:Foire aux questions|Bosungi (FAQ)]] | [[Special:Preferences|Mon compte personnel]]</br> Envie de participer, mais aucune idée? Traduisez un article de la Wikipédia [http://en.Wikipedia.org anglaise] ou [http://fr.Wikipedia.org française]! </div> '''Comment écrire le lingála?''' Notre [[User_talk:Bombo#caract.C3.A8res_sp.C3.A9ciaux|discussion]]. <div style="margin-top:10px; margin-right:0%; text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; border:1px solid green; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> [[Special:Lonelypages|lonkásá etíké]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Uncategorizedpages|articles sans catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ndambo ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|articles manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Shortpages|articles à prolonger]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Recentchanges|derniers mises à jour]]</div> <div style="width:35%;float:right;"> <div style="background:#def;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Nouvelles </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Megaphon.png]]</div> * Mir mache us dere Syte äs Gmeinschafts-Portal u sammle dadrzue no [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community_Portal|Idee u Vorschläg]]. Di Diskussione si uf [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] züglet. * Links i dr Navigation hets ä Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]». Wär wott sech um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? * Di alemannischi Wikipedia het sit Churzem es alemannisches [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo]]. Wenns bi dir nonid aazeigt wird, hiuft mängisch ä Reload (im Browser uf «Aktualisieren» klicke). </div><div style="background:#fff;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Premier Secours </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Firstaid.gif]]</div> * '''[[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Ändern|Tipps für ds Bearbeite]] * '''[[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]]''' * '''[[Wikipedia:Foire aux questions|Bosungi (FAQ)]]''' </div> </div> <div style="float:left;width:65%;"> <div style="background:#dfe;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> {| align="center" style="background-color:#E8F1FF; padding:1px; border:1px solid #000000" |- style="background-color:#E8F1FF" ! ''Utiliser les modèles de langue'' |- style="background-color:#E8F1FF" | Dans le but de faciliter la communication entre utilisateurs pratiquant différentes langues, ont été créés des '''modèles d'utilisateurs par langue'''. La syntaxe de ces modèles est commune pour de nombreux projets Wikimedia tels que [[commons:Commons:Babel|Wikimedia Commons]] ou [[meta:Meta:Babel templates|Meta-Wiki]], leur utilisation en est donc simplifiée. Ils sont à utiliser sur votre page utilisateur, sur laquelle il suffit d'ajouter si par exemple vous êtes trilingue <nowiki>{{babel-3|ln|fr-2|als-1}}</nowiki>, ce qui donnera : {{babel-3|ln|fr-2|als-1}} La syntaxe détaillée est expliquée [[Wikipédia:Babel|ici]]. |-- align="right" |<small>[{{SERVER}}/w/wiki.phtml?title=Modèle:Astuce_du_jour&amp;action=edit Modifier ce cadre]</small> |} <h2> Participer! </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_mitmache.png]]</div> * '''[[Special:Shortpages|Artikel verbessere]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel wo vil z’churz sind. * '''[[Special:Deadendpages|Stichwört verlinke]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel oni Links. * '''[[Special:Wantedpages|Neui Tekscht verfasse]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel wo brucht werde. * '''[[Wikipedia:Ich brauche Hilfe|Anderne Benutzer hälfe]]:''' Frage vo neue Benutzer beantworte. * '''[[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|Moyángeli kokóma]]:''' Spam lösche und Vandalismus verhindere. * '''[[Main_Page|Hauptsyte gestalte]]:''' Jedi Wuche gits es aktuells Thema. * '''[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Nachrichte schrybe]]:''' Aktuelli Mäldige ufem neuschte Stand halte. </div><div style="background:#fed;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> Wikipedia:Moyángeli <h2> Pages de Discussions </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_Kaffee.png]]</div> * '''[[Discussion:Lonkásá ya liboso|Lonkásá ya liboso]]:''' Alles wo eu a de «Lonkásá ya liboso» gfallt odr nid gfallt, Änderigsvorschläg, Wünsch für es aktuells Thema etc. [[Discussion:Lonkásá ya liboso|Diskutire&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community_Portal|Gmeinschafts-Portal]]:''' Was machet mir us dere Syte für d’Wikipedia-Gmeind? Wie händs di andere gmacht? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community-Portal|Kommentiere&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Diskussion:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]:''' Links i de Navigation hätts en Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Elɔkɔ ya sika / nouvelles]]». Wer wott sich um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Current_events|Bitte mälde&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild|Wikipedia generell]]''': Vor allem Diskussione zur Umstellig vo Elsässerditsch uf Alemannisch. [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] * '''[[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo-Tekscht]]:''' Sinder mit dere Kompromiss-Lösig z’fride? [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Aaluege&nbsp;…]] * '''[[MediaWiki_Discussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|De «Style» vo dr alemannische Wikipedia]]:''' Alles über Layout und Syte-Gestaltig: d’Schriftgrössi, de Hindergrund, d’Farb vo de Links … [[MediaWiki_Diskussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|Vorschläg sammle&nbsp;…]] </div> '''Aide-nous à traduire les menus [http://meta.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=LanguageYi.php&action=edit User Interface]!''' [[ar:&#1608;&#1610;&#1603;&#1610;&#1576;&#1610;&#1583;&#1610;&#1575;:&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1610;&#1583;&#1575;&#1606;]] [[bg:&#1059;&#1080;&#1082;&#1080;&#1087;&#1077;&#1076;&#1080;&#1103;:&#1056;&#1072;&#1079;&#1075;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;&#1088;&#1080;]] [[ca:Discussió:Portada]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Pod lípou]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Y_Caffi]] [[da:Wikipedia:Landsbybr%F8nden]] [[en:Wikipedia:Village Pump]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babilejo]] [[es:Wikipedia:Café]] [[et:Vikipeedia:üldine arutelu]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Txoko]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kahvihuone]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Le Bistro]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Halla baile]] [[he:&#1493;&#1497;&#1511;&#1497;&#1508;&#1491;&#1497;&#1492;:&#1502;&#1494;&#1504;&#1493;&#1503;]] [[hi:&#2357;&#2367;&#2325;&#2367;&#2346;&#2368;&#2337;&#2367;&#2351;&#2366;:&#2327;&#2366;&#2305;&#2357; &#2325;&#2366; &#2346;&#2350;&#2381;&#2346;]] [[hr:Wikipedia:Kafi&#263;]] [[id:Wikipedia:Warung Kopi]] [[is:Wikipedia:Potturinn]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bar]] [[ja:Wikipedia:&#20117;&#25144;&#31471;]] [[ko:&#50948;&#53412;&#48177;&#44284;:&#49324;&#50857;&#51088; &#47784;&#51076;]] [[la:Wikipedia:Taberna]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Kedai Kopi]] [[na:Wikipedia:Tekawa ewak]] [[nah:Wikipedia:Tlatlahtoaloyan]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Ik bruuk hülp]] [[nl:Wikipedia:De kroeg]] [[no:Wikipedia:Vannposten]] [[oc:Oiquipedià:La tavèrna]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Kawiarenka pod Weso&#322;ym Encyklopedyst&#261;]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Esplanada]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cafenea]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Simple talk]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Kr&#269;ma]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Pod lipo]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Kuvendi]] [[sr:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Bybrunnen]] [[zh:Wikipedia:&#20114;&#21161;&#23458;&#26632;]] <div style="border: 1px solid #ffad80; padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; color: #000; background-color: #fff7cb;"> <center>'''[http://www.livejournal.com/community/wikitech/1432.html Pourquoi Wikipédia est parfois siiiiii lent?]''' <small>(englisch)</small></center> </div> <br /> 6191 2005-09-08T13:12:36Z Bombo 12 <div style="background:#fdf;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2>Informations pour débuter</h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-65px;z-index:3;"> </div> [[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] | [[Wikipedia:kotambola yamibale|Kotambola yamibale]] | [[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]] | [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] | [[Wikipedia:Participer|Participer]] | [[Wikipedia:Foire aux questions|Bosungi (FAQ)]] | [[Special:Preferences|Mon compte personnel]]</br> '''Envie de participer, mais aucune idée?''' Traduisez un article de la Wikipédia [http://en.Wikipedia.org anglaise] ou [http://fr.Wikipedia.org française]! </div> '''Comment écrire le lingála?''' Notre [[User_talk:Bombo#caract.C3.A8res_sp.C3.A9ciaux|discussion]]. <div style="margin-top:10px; margin-right:0%; text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; border:1px solid green; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> [[Special:Lonelypages|lonkásá etíké]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Uncategorizedpages|articles sans catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ndambo ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|articles manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Shortpages|articles à prolonger]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Recentchanges|derniers mises à jour]]</div> <div style="width:35%;float:right;"> <div style="background-color:#FCFCFC;"> <h2> Premier Secours </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Firstaid.gif]]</div> * '''[[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Ändern|Tipps für ds Bearbeite]] * '''[[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]]''' * '''[[Wikipedia:Foire aux questions|Bosungi (FAQ)]]''' </div> <div style="background:def;"> <h2> Nouvelles </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Megaphon.png]]</div> * Mir mache us dere Syte äs Gmeinschafts-Portal u sammle dadrzue no [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community_Portal|Idee u Vorschläg]]. Di Diskussione si uf [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] züglet. * Links i dr Navigation hets ä Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]». Wär wott sech um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? * Di alemannischi Wikipedia het sit Churzem es alemannisches [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo]]. Wenns bi dir nonid aazeigt wird, hiuft mängisch ä Reload (im Browser uf «Aktualisieren» klicke). </div> <div style="background:dfe;"> <h2> Participer! </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_mitmache.png]]</div> * '''[[Special:Shortpages|Artikel verbessere]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel wo vil z’churz sind. * '''[[Special:Deadendpages|Stichwört verlinke]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel oni Links. * '''[[Special:Wantedpages|Neui Tekscht verfasse]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel wo brucht werde. * '''[[Wikipedia:Ich brauche Hilfe|Anderne Benutzer hälfe]]:''' Frage vo neue Benutzer beantworte. * '''[[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|Moyángeli kokóma]]:''' Spam lösche und Vandalismus verhindere. * '''[[Main_Page|Hauptsyte gestalte]]:''' Jedi Wuche gits es aktuells Thema. * '''[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Nachrichte schrybe]]:''' Aktuelli Mäldige ufem neuschte Stand halte. * '''[[Wikipedia:Moyángeli]]:''' </div> </div> <div style="float:left;width:65%;"> <div style="background:#def;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <div style="float:left;width:65%;"> </div><div style="background:#fff;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> {| align="center" style="background-color:#E8F1FF; padding:1px; border:1px solid #000000" |- style="background-color:#E8F1FF" ! ''Utiliser les modèles de langue'' |- style="background-color:#E8F1FF" | Dans le but de faciliter la communication entre utilisateurs pratiquant différentes langues, ont été créés des '''modèles d'utilisateurs par langue'''. La syntaxe de ces modèles est commune pour de nombreux projets Wikimedia tels que [[commons:Commons:Babel|Wikimedia Commons]] ou [[meta:Meta:Babel templates|Meta-Wiki]], leur utilisation en est donc simplifiée. Ils sont à utiliser sur votre page utilisateur, sur laquelle il suffit d'ajouter si par exemple vous êtes trilingue <nowiki>{{babel-3|ln|fr-2|als-1}}</nowiki>, ce qui donnera : {{babel-3|ln|fr-2|als-1}} La syntaxe détaillée est expliquée [[Wikipédia:Babel|ici]]. |-- align="right" |<small>[{{SERVER}}/w/wiki.phtml?title=Modèle:Astuce_du_jour&amp;action=edit Modifier ce cadre]</small> |} </div><div style="background:#fed;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Pages de Discussions </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_Kaffee.png]]</div> * '''[[Discussion:Lonkásá ya liboso|Lonkásá ya liboso]]:''' Alles wo eu a de «Lonkásá ya liboso» gfallt odr nid gfallt, Änderigsvorschläg, Wünsch für es aktuells Thema etc. [[Discussion:Lonkásá ya liboso|Diskutire&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community_Portal|Gmeinschafts-Portal]]:''' Was machet mir us dere Syte für d’Wikipedia-Gmeind? Wie händs di andere gmacht? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community-Portal|Kommentiere&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Diskussion:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]:''' Links i de Navigation hätts en Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Elɔkɔ ya sika / nouvelles]]». Wer wott sich um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Current_events|Bitte mälde&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild|Wikipedia generell]]''': Vor allem Diskussione zur Umstellig vo Elsässerditsch uf Alemannisch. [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] * '''[[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo-Tekscht]]:''' Sinder mit dere Kompromiss-Lösig z’fride? [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Aaluege&nbsp;…]] * '''[[MediaWiki_Discussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|De «Style» vo dr alemannische Wikipedia]]:''' Alles über Layout und Syte-Gestaltig: d’Schriftgrössi, de Hindergrund, d’Farb vo de Links … [[MediaWiki_Diskussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|Vorschläg sammle&nbsp;…]] </div> '''Aide-nous à traduire les menus [http://meta.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=LanguageYi.php&action=edit User Interface]!''' [[ar:&#1608;&#1610;&#1603;&#1610;&#1576;&#1610;&#1583;&#1610;&#1575;:&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1610;&#1583;&#1575;&#1606;]] [[bg:&#1059;&#1080;&#1082;&#1080;&#1087;&#1077;&#1076;&#1080;&#1103;:&#1056;&#1072;&#1079;&#1075;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;&#1088;&#1080;]] [[ca:Discussió:Portada]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Pod lípou]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Y_Caffi]] [[da:Wikipedia:Landsbybr%F8nden]] [[en:Wikipedia:Village Pump]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babilejo]] [[es:Wikipedia:Café]] [[et:Vikipeedia:üldine arutelu]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Txoko]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kahvihuone]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Le Bistro]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Halla baile]] [[he:&#1493;&#1497;&#1511;&#1497;&#1508;&#1491;&#1497;&#1492;:&#1502;&#1494;&#1504;&#1493;&#1503;]] [[hi:&#2357;&#2367;&#2325;&#2367;&#2346;&#2368;&#2337;&#2367;&#2351;&#2366;:&#2327;&#2366;&#2305;&#2357; &#2325;&#2366; &#2346;&#2350;&#2381;&#2346;]] [[hr:Wikipedia:Kafi&#263;]] [[id:Wikipedia:Warung Kopi]] [[is:Wikipedia:Potturinn]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bar]] [[ja:Wikipedia:&#20117;&#25144;&#31471;]] [[ko:&#50948;&#53412;&#48177;&#44284;:&#49324;&#50857;&#51088; &#47784;&#51076;]] [[la:Wikipedia:Taberna]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Kedai Kopi]] [[na:Wikipedia:Tekawa ewak]] [[nah:Wikipedia:Tlatlahtoaloyan]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Ik bruuk hülp]] [[nl:Wikipedia:De kroeg]] [[no:Wikipedia:Vannposten]] [[oc:Oiquipedià:La tavèrna]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Kawiarenka pod Weso&#322;ym Encyklopedyst&#261;]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Esplanada]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cafenea]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Simple talk]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Kr&#269;ma]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Pod lipo]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Kuvendi]] [[sr:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Bybrunnen]] [[zh:Wikipedia:&#20114;&#21161;&#23458;&#26632;]] <div style="border: 1px solid #ffad80; padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; color: #000; background-color: #fff7cb;"> <center>'''[http://www.livejournal.com/community/wikitech/1432.html Pourquoi Wikipédia est parfois siiiiii lent?]''' <small>(englisch)</small></center> </div> <br /> 6192 2005-09-08T13:23:46Z Bombo 12 <div style="background:#fdf;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2>Informations pour débuter</h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-65px;z-index:3;"> </div> [[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] | [[Wikipedia:kotambola yamibale|Kotambola yamibale]] | [[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]] | [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] | [[Wikipedia:Participer|Participer]] | [[Wikipedia:Foire aux questions|Bosungi (FAQ)]] | [[Special:Preferences|Mon compte personnel]]</br> '''Envie de participer, mais aucune idée?''' Traduisez un article de la Wikipédia [http://en.Wikipedia.org anglaise] ou [http://fr.Wikipedia.org française]! </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; margin-right:0%; text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; border:1px solid green; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> [[Special:Lonelypages|lonkásá etíké]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Uncategorizedpages|articles sans catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ndambo ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|articles manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Shortpages|articles à prolonger]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Recentchanges|derniers mises à jour]]</div> <div style="width:35%;float:right;"> <div style="background-color:#FCFCFC;"> <h2> Premier Secours </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Firstaid.gif]]</div> * '''[[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Ändern|Tipps für ds Bearbeite]] * '''[[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]]''' * '''[[Wikipedia:Foire aux questions|Bosungi (FAQ)]]''' </div> <div style="background:def;"> <h2> Nouvelles </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Megaphon.png]]</div> * '''Comment écrire le lingála?''' Notre [[User_talk:Bombo#caract.C3.A8res_sp.C3.A9ciaux|discussion]]. * Links i dr Navigation hets ä Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]». Wär wott sech um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? * Di alemannischi Wikipedia het sit Churzem es alemannisches [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo]]. Wenns bi dir nonid aazeigt wird, hiuft mängisch ä Reload (im Browser uf «Aktualisieren» klicke). </div> <div style="background:dfe;"> <h2> Participer! </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_mitmache.png]]</div> * '''[[Special:Shortpages|Artikel verbessere]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel wo vil z’churz sind. * '''[[Special:Deadendpages|Stichwört verlinke]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel oni Links. * '''[[Special:Wantedpages|Neui Tekscht verfasse]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel wo brucht werde. * '''[[Wikipedia:Ich brauche Hilfe|Anderne Benutzer hälfe]]:''' Frage vo neue Benutzer beantworte. * '''[[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|Moyángeli kokóma]]:''' Spam lösche und Vandalismus verhindere. * '''[[Main_Page|Hauptsyte gestalte]]:''' Jedi Wuche gits es aktuells Thema. * '''[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Nachrichte schrybe]]:''' Aktuelli Mäldige ufem neuschte Stand halte. * '''[[Wikipedia:Moyángeli]]:''' * '''Aide-nous à traduire les menus [http://meta.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=LanguageYi.php&action=edit User Interface]!''' Vu que dans monde du Lingála le français est langue d'enseignement et donc langue écrite pour la grande majorité des gens parlant le Lingála, les menus sont bilingue pour faciliter l'acces aux articles, qui, eux, sont bien entendu en Lingála. </div> </div> <div style="float:left;width:60%;"> </div><div style="background:#fff;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> {| align="centre" style="background:efd; padding:0px; border:0px solid #000000" |- style="background:efd" ! ''Utiliser les modèles de langue'' |- style="background:efd" | Dans le but de faciliter la communication entre utilisateurs pratiquant différentes langues, ont été créés des '''modèles d'utilisateurs par langue'''. La syntaxe de ces modèles est commune pour de nombreux projets Wikimedia tels que [[commons:Commons:Babel|Wikimedia Commons]] ou [[meta:Meta:Babel templates|Meta-Wiki]], leur utilisation en est donc simplifiée. Ils sont à utiliser sur votre page utilisateur, sur laquelle il suffit d'ajouter si par exemple vous êtes trilingue <nowiki>{{babel-3|ln|fr-2|als-1}}</nowiki>, ce qui donnera : {{babel-3|ln|fr-2|als-1}} La syntaxe détaillée est expliquée [[Wikipédia:Babel|ici]]. |-- align="left" |<small>[{{SERVER}}/w/wiki.phtml?title=Modèle:Astuce_du_jour&amp;action=edit Modifier ce cadre]</small> |} </div><div style="background:#fed;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Pages de Discussions </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_Kaffee.png]]</div> * '''[[Discussion:Lonkásá ya liboso|Lonkásá ya liboso]]:''' Alles wo eu a de «Lonkásá ya liboso» gfallt odr nid gfallt, Änderigsvorschläg, Wünsch für es aktuells Thema etc. [[Discussion:Lonkásá ya liboso|Diskutire&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community_Portal|Gmeinschafts-Portal]]:''' Was machet mir us dere Syte für d’Wikipedia-Gmeind? Wie händs di andere gmacht? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community-Portal|Kommentiere&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Diskussion:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]:''' Links i de Navigation hätts en Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Elɔkɔ ya sika / nouvelles]]». Wer wott sich um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Current_events|Bitte mälde&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild|Wikipedia generell]]''': Vor allem Diskussione zur Umstellig vo Elsässerditsch uf Alemannisch. [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] * '''[[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo-Tekscht]]:''' Sinder mit dere Kompromiss-Lösig z’fride? [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Aaluege&nbsp;…]] * '''[[MediaWiki_Discussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|De «Style» vo dr alemannische Wikipedia]]:''' Alles über Layout und Syte-Gestaltig: d’Schriftgrössi, de Hindergrund, d’Farb vo de Links … [[MediaWiki_Diskussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|Vorschläg sammle&nbsp;…]] </div> [[ar:&#1608;&#1610;&#1603;&#1610;&#1576;&#1610;&#1583;&#1610;&#1575;:&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1610;&#1583;&#1575;&#1606;]] [[bg:&#1059;&#1080;&#1082;&#1080;&#1087;&#1077;&#1076;&#1080;&#1103;:&#1056;&#1072;&#1079;&#1075;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;&#1088;&#1080;]] [[ca:Discussió:Portada]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Pod lípou]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Y_Caffi]] [[da:Wikipedia:Landsbybr%F8nden]] [[en:Wikipedia:Village Pump]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babilejo]] [[es:Wikipedia:Café]] [[et:Vikipeedia:üldine arutelu]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Txoko]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kahvihuone]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Le Bistro]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Halla baile]] [[he:&#1493;&#1497;&#1511;&#1497;&#1508;&#1491;&#1497;&#1492;:&#1502;&#1494;&#1504;&#1493;&#1503;]] [[hi:&#2357;&#2367;&#2325;&#2367;&#2346;&#2368;&#2337;&#2367;&#2351;&#2366;:&#2327;&#2366;&#2305;&#2357; &#2325;&#2366; &#2346;&#2350;&#2381;&#2346;]] [[hr:Wikipedia:Kafi&#263;]] [[id:Wikipedia:Warung Kopi]] [[is:Wikipedia:Potturinn]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bar]] [[ja:Wikipedia:&#20117;&#25144;&#31471;]] [[ko:&#50948;&#53412;&#48177;&#44284;:&#49324;&#50857;&#51088; &#47784;&#51076;]] [[la:Wikipedia:Taberna]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Kedai Kopi]] [[na:Wikipedia:Tekawa ewak]] [[nah:Wikipedia:Tlatlahtoaloyan]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Ik bruuk hülp]] [[nl:Wikipedia:De kroeg]] [[no:Wikipedia:Vannposten]] [[oc:Oiquipedià:La tavèrna]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Kawiarenka pod Weso&#322;ym Encyklopedyst&#261;]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Esplanada]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cafenea]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Simple talk]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Kr&#269;ma]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Pod lipo]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Kuvendi]] [[sr:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Bybrunnen]] [[zh:Wikipedia:&#20114;&#21161;&#23458;&#26632;]] <div style="border: 1px solid #ffad80; padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; color: #000; background-color: #fff7cb;"> <center>'''[http://www.livejournal.com/community/wikitech/1432.html Pourquoi Wikipédia est parfois siiiiii lent?]''' <small>(englisch)</small></center> </div> <br /> 6193 2005-09-08T13:28:02Z Bombo 12 <div style="background:#fdf;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2>Informations pour débuter</h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-65px;z-index:3;"> </div> [[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] | [[Wikipedia:kotambola yamibale|Kotambola yamibale]] | [[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]] | [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] | [[Wikipedia:Participer|Participer]] | [[Wikipedia:Foire aux questions|Bosungi (FAQ)]] | [[Special:Preferences|Mon compte personnel]]</br> '''Envie de participer, mais aucune idée?''' Traduisez un article de la Wikipédia [http://en.Wikipedia.org anglaise] ou [http://fr.Wikipedia.org française]! </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; margin-right:0%; text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; border:1px solid green; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> [[Special:Lonelypages|lonkásá etíké]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Uncategorizedpages|articles sans catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ndambo ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|articles manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Shortpages|articles à prolonger]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Recentchanges|derniers mises à jour]]</div> <div style="width:35%;float:right;"> <div style="background-color:#FCFCFC;"> <h2> Premier Secours </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Firstaid.gif]]</div> * '''[[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Ändern|Tipps für ds Bearbeite]] * '''[[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]]''' * '''[[Wikipedia:Foire aux questions|Bosungi (FAQ)]]''' </div> <div style="background:def;"> <h2> Nouvelles </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Megaphon.png]]</div> * '''Comment écrire le lingála?''' Notre [[User_talk:Bombo#caract.C3.A8res_sp.C3.A9ciaux|discussion]]. * Links i dr Navigation hets ä Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]». Wär wott sech um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? * Di alemannischi Wikipedia het sit Churzem es alemannisches [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo]]. Wenns bi dir nonid aazeigt wird, hiuft mängisch ä Reload (im Browser uf «Aktualisieren» klicke). </div> <div style="background:dfe;"> <h2> Participer! </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_mitmache.png]]</div> * '''[[Special:Shortpages|Artikel verbessere]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel wo vil z’churz sind. * '''[[Special:Deadendpages|Stichwört verlinke]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel oni Links. * '''[[Special:Wantedpages|Neui Tekscht verfasse]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel wo brucht werde. * '''[[Wikipedia:Ich brauche Hilfe|Anderne Benutzer hälfe]]:''' Frage vo neue Benutzer beantworte. * '''[[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|Moyángeli kokóma]]:''' Spam lösche und Vandalismus verhindere. * '''[[Main_Page|Hauptsyte gestalte]]:''' Jedi Wuche gits es aktuells Thema. * '''[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Nachrichte schrybe]]:''' Aktuelli Mäldige ufem neuschte Stand halte. * '''[[Wikipedia:Moyángeli]]:''' * '''Aide-nous à traduire les menus [http://meta.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=LanguageYi.php&action=edit User Interface]!''' Vu que dans monde du Lingála le français est langue d'enseignement et donc langue écrite pour la grande majorité des gens parlant le Lingála, les menus sont bilingue pour faciliter l'acces aux articles, qui, eux, sont bien entendu en Lingála. </div> </div> <div style="width:60%;float:left;"> </div><div style="background:#fff;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> {| align="centre" style="background:efd; padding:0px; border:0px solid #000000" |- style="background:efd" ! ''Utiliser les modèles de langue'' |- style="background:efd" | Dans le but de faciliter la communication entre utilisateurs pratiquant différentes langues, ont été créés des '''modèles d'utilisateurs par langue'''. La syntaxe de ces modèles est commune pour de nombreux projets Wikimedia tels que [[commons:Commons:Babel|Wikimedia Commons]] ou [[meta:Meta:Babel templates|Meta-Wiki]], leur utilisation en est donc simplifiée. Ils sont à utiliser sur votre page utilisateur, sur laquelle il suffit d'ajouter si par exemple vous êtes trilingue <nowiki>{{babel-3|ln|fr-2|als-1}}</nowiki>, ce qui donnera : {{babel-3|ln|fr-2|als-1}} La syntaxe détaillée est expliquée [[Wikipédia:Babel|ici]]. |-- align="left" |<small>[{{SERVER}}/w/wiki.phtml?title=Modèle:Astuce_du_jour&amp;action=edit Modifier ce cadre]</small> |} </div><div style="background:#fed;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Pages de Discussions </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_Kaffee.png]]</div> * '''[[Discussion:Lonkásá ya liboso|Lonkásá ya liboso]]:''' Alles wo eu a de «Lonkásá ya liboso» gfallt odr nid gfallt, Änderigsvorschläg, Wünsch für es aktuells Thema etc. [[Discussion:Lonkásá ya liboso|Diskutire&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community_Portal|Gmeinschafts-Portal]]:''' Was machet mir us dere Syte für d’Wikipedia-Gmeind? Wie händs di andere gmacht? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community-Portal|Kommentiere&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Diskussion:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]:''' Links i de Navigation hätts en Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Elɔkɔ ya sika / nouvelles]]». Wer wott sich um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Current_events|Bitte mälde&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild|Wikipedia generell]]''': Vor allem Diskussione zur Umstellig vo Elsässerditsch uf Alemannisch. [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] * '''[[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo-Tekscht]]:''' Sinder mit dere Kompromiss-Lösig z’fride? [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Aaluege&nbsp;…]] * '''[[MediaWiki_Discussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|De «Style» vo dr alemannische Wikipedia]]:''' Alles über Layout und Syte-Gestaltig: d’Schriftgrössi, de Hindergrund, d’Farb vo de Links … [[MediaWiki_Diskussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|Vorschläg sammle&nbsp;…]] </div> [[ar:&#1608;&#1610;&#1603;&#1610;&#1576;&#1610;&#1583;&#1610;&#1575;:&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1610;&#1583;&#1575;&#1606;]] [[bg:&#1059;&#1080;&#1082;&#1080;&#1087;&#1077;&#1076;&#1080;&#1103;:&#1056;&#1072;&#1079;&#1075;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;&#1088;&#1080;]] [[ca:Discussió:Portada]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Pod lípou]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Y_Caffi]] [[da:Wikipedia:Landsbybr%F8nden]] [[en:Wikipedia:Village Pump]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babilejo]] [[es:Wikipedia:Café]] [[et:Vikipeedia:üldine arutelu]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Txoko]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kahvihuone]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Le Bistro]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Halla baile]] [[he:&#1493;&#1497;&#1511;&#1497;&#1508;&#1491;&#1497;&#1492;:&#1502;&#1494;&#1504;&#1493;&#1503;]] [[hi:&#2357;&#2367;&#2325;&#2367;&#2346;&#2368;&#2337;&#2367;&#2351;&#2366;:&#2327;&#2366;&#2305;&#2357; &#2325;&#2366; &#2346;&#2350;&#2381;&#2346;]] [[hr:Wikipedia:Kafi&#263;]] [[id:Wikipedia:Warung Kopi]] [[is:Wikipedia:Potturinn]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bar]] [[ja:Wikipedia:&#20117;&#25144;&#31471;]] [[ko:&#50948;&#53412;&#48177;&#44284;:&#49324;&#50857;&#51088; &#47784;&#51076;]] [[la:Wikipedia:Taberna]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Kedai Kopi]] [[na:Wikipedia:Tekawa ewak]] [[nah:Wikipedia:Tlatlahtoaloyan]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Ik bruuk hülp]] [[nl:Wikipedia:De kroeg]] [[no:Wikipedia:Vannposten]] [[oc:Oiquipedià:La tavèrna]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Kawiarenka pod Weso&#322;ym Encyklopedyst&#261;]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Esplanada]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cafenea]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Simple talk]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Kr&#269;ma]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Pod lipo]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Kuvendi]] [[sr:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Bybrunnen]] [[zh:Wikipedia:&#20114;&#21161;&#23458;&#26632;]] <div style="border: 1px solid #ffad80; padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; color: #000; background-color: #fff7cb;"> <center>'''[http://www.livejournal.com/community/wikitech/1432.html Pourquoi Wikipédia est parfois siiiiii lent?]''' <small>(englisch)</small></center> </div> <br /> 6194 2005-09-08T13:34:20Z Bombo 12 <div style="background:#fdf;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2>Informations pour débuter</h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-65px;z-index:3;"> </div> [[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] | [[Wikipedia:kotambola yamibale|Kotambola yamibale]] | [[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]] | [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] | [[Wikipedia:Participer|Participer]] | [[Wikipedia:Foire aux questions|Bosungi (FAQ)]] | [[Special:Preferences|Mon compte personnel]]</br> '''Envie de participer, mais aucune idée?''' Traduisez un article de la Wikipédia [http://en.Wikipedia.org anglaise] ou [http://fr.Wikipedia.org française]! </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; margin-right:0%; text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; border:1px solid green; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> [[Special:Lonelypages|lonkásá etíké]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Uncategorizedpages|articles sans catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ndambo ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|articles manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Shortpages|articles à prolonger]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Recentchanges|derniers mises à jour]]</div> <div style="width:35%;float:right;"> <div style="background-color:#FCFCFC;"> <h2> Premier Secours </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Firstaid.gif]]</div> * '''[[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Ändern|Tipps für ds Bearbeite]] * '''[[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]]''' * '''[[Wikipedia:Foire aux questions|Bosungi (FAQ)]]''' </div> <div style="background:def;"> <h2> Nouvelles </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Megaphon.png]]</div> * '''Comment écrire le lingála?''' Notre [[User_talk:Bombo#caract.C3.A8res_sp.C3.A9ciaux|discussion]]. * Links i dr Navigation hets ä Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]». Wär wott sech um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? * Di alemannischi Wikipedia het sit Churzem es alemannisches [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo]]. Wenns bi dir nonid aazeigt wird, hiuft mängisch ä Reload (im Browser uf «Aktualisieren» klicke). </div> <div style="background:dfe;"> <h2> Participer! </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_mitmache.png]]</div> * '''[[Special:Shortpages|Artikel verbessere]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel wo vil z’churz sind. * '''[[Special:Deadendpages|Stichwört verlinke]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel oni Links. * '''[[Special:Wantedpages|Neui Tekscht verfasse]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel wo brucht werde. * '''[[Wikipedia:Ich brauche Hilfe|Anderne Benutzer hälfe]]:''' Frage vo neue Benutzer beantworte. * '''[[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|Moyángeli kokóma]]:''' Spam lösche und Vandalismus verhindere. * '''[[Main_Page|Hauptsyte gestalte]]:''' Jedi Wuche gits es aktuells Thema. * '''[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Nachrichte schrybe]]:''' Aktuelli Mäldige ufem neuschte Stand halte. * '''[[Wikipedia:Moyángeli]]:''' * '''Aide-nous à traduire les menus [http://meta.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=LanguageYi.php&action=edit User Interface]!''' Vu que dans monde du Lingála le français est langue d'enseignement et donc langue écrite pour la grande majorité des gens parlant le Lingála, les menus sont bilingue pour faciliter l'acces aux articles, qui, eux, sont bien entendu en Lingála. </div> </div> <div style="width:60%;float:left;"> </div><div style="background:#fff;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> {| align="centre" style="background:efd; padding:0px; border:0px solid #000000" |- style="background:efd" ! ''Utiliser les modèles de langue'' |- style="background:efd" | Dans le but de faciliter la communication entre utilisateurs pratiquant différentes langues, ont été créés des '''modèles d'utilisateurs par langue'''. {{babel-3|ln|fr-2|als-1}} La syntaxe de ces modèles est commune pour de nombreux projets Wikimedia tels que [[commons:Commons:Babel|Wikimedia Commons]] ou [[meta:Meta:Babel templates|Meta-Wiki]], leur utilisation en est donc simplifiée. Ils sont à utiliser sur votre page utilisateur, sur laquelle il suffit d'ajouter si par exemple vous êtes trilingue <nowiki>{{babel-3|ln|fr-2|als-1}}</nowiki>, ce qui donnera : La syntaxe détaillée est expliquée [[Wikipédia:Babel|ici]]. |} </div><div style="background:#fed;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Pages de Discussions </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_Kaffee.png]]</div> * '''[[Discussion:Lonkásá ya liboso|Lonkásá ya liboso]]:''' Alles wo eu a de «Lonkásá ya liboso» gfallt odr nid gfallt, Änderigsvorschläg, Wünsch für es aktuells Thema etc. [[Discussion:Lonkásá ya liboso|Diskutire&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community_Portal|Gmeinschafts-Portal]]:''' Was machet mir us dere Syte für d’Wikipedia-Gmeind? Wie händs di andere gmacht? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Community-Portal|Kommentiere&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Diskussion:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]:''' Links i de Navigation hätts en Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Elɔkɔ ya sika / nouvelles]]». Wer wott sich um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Current_events|Bitte mälde&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild|Wikipedia generell]]''': Vor allem Diskussione zur Umstellig vo Elsässerditsch uf Alemannisch. [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] * '''[[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo-Tekscht]]:''' Sinder mit dere Kompromiss-Lösig z’fride? [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Aaluege&nbsp;…]] * '''[[MediaWiki_Discussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|De «Style» vo dr alemannische Wikipedia]]:''' Alles über Layout und Syte-Gestaltig: d’Schriftgrössi, de Hindergrund, d’Farb vo de Links … [[MediaWiki_Diskussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|Vorschläg sammle&nbsp;…]] </div> [[ar:&#1608;&#1610;&#1603;&#1610;&#1576;&#1610;&#1583;&#1610;&#1575;:&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1610;&#1583;&#1575;&#1606;]] [[bg:&#1059;&#1080;&#1082;&#1080;&#1087;&#1077;&#1076;&#1080;&#1103;:&#1056;&#1072;&#1079;&#1075;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;&#1088;&#1080;]] [[ca:Discussió:Portada]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Pod lípou]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Y_Caffi]] [[da:Wikipedia:Landsbybr%F8nden]] [[en:Wikipedia:Village Pump]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babilejo]] [[es:Wikipedia:Café]] [[et:Vikipeedia:üldine arutelu]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Txoko]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kahvihuone]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Le Bistro]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Halla baile]] [[he:&#1493;&#1497;&#1511;&#1497;&#1508;&#1491;&#1497;&#1492;:&#1502;&#1494;&#1504;&#1493;&#1503;]] [[hi:&#2357;&#2367;&#2325;&#2367;&#2346;&#2368;&#2337;&#2367;&#2351;&#2366;:&#2327;&#2366;&#2305;&#2357; &#2325;&#2366; &#2346;&#2350;&#2381;&#2346;]] [[hr:Wikipedia:Kafi&#263;]] [[id:Wikipedia:Warung Kopi]] [[is:Wikipedia:Potturinn]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bar]] [[ja:Wikipedia:&#20117;&#25144;&#31471;]] [[ko:&#50948;&#53412;&#48177;&#44284;:&#49324;&#50857;&#51088; &#47784;&#51076;]] [[la:Wikipedia:Taberna]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Kedai Kopi]] [[na:Wikipedia:Tekawa ewak]] [[nah:Wikipedia:Tlatlahtoaloyan]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Ik bruuk hülp]] [[nl:Wikipedia:De kroeg]] [[no:Wikipedia:Vannposten]] [[oc:Oiquipedià:La tavèrna]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Kawiarenka pod Weso&#322;ym Encyklopedyst&#261;]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Esplanada]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cafenea]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Simple talk]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Kr&#269;ma]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Pod lipo]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Kuvendi]] [[sr:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Bybrunnen]] [[zh:Wikipedia:&#20114;&#21161;&#23458;&#26632;]] <div style="width:30%;float:left;"> <div style="border: 1px solid #ffad80; padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; color: #000; background-color: #fff7cb;"> <center>'''[http://www.livejournal.com/community/wikitech/1432.html Pourquoi Wikipédia est parfois siiiiii lent?]''' <small>(englisch)</small></center> </div> </div> <br /> 6195 2005-09-08T13:36:54Z Bombo 12 <div style="background:#fdf;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2>Informations pour débuter</h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-65px;z-index:3;"> </div> [[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] | [[Wikipedia:kotambola yamibale|Kotambola yamibale]] | [[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]] | [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] | [[Wikipedia:Participer|Participer]] | [[Wikipedia:Foire aux questions|Bosungi (FAQ)]] | [[Special:Preferences|Mon compte personnel]]</br> '''Envie de participer, mais aucune idée?''' Traduisez un article de la Wikipédia [http://en.Wikipedia.org anglaise] ou [http://fr.Wikipedia.org française]! </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; margin-right:0%; text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; border:1px solid green; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> [[Special:Lonelypages|lonkásá etíké]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Uncategorizedpages|articles sans catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ndambo ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|articles manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Shortpages|articles à prolonger]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Recentchanges|derniers mises à jour]]</div> <div style="width:35%;float:right;"> <div style="background-color:#FCFCFC;"> <h2> Premier Secours </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Firstaid.gif]]</div> * '''[[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Ändern|Tipps für ds Bearbeite]] * '''[[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]]''' * '''[[Wikipedia:Foire aux questions|Bosungi (FAQ)]]''' </div> <div style="background:def;"> <h2> Nouvelles </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Megaphon.png]]</div> * '''Comment écrire le lingála?''' Notre [[User_talk:Bombo#caract.C3.A8res_sp.C3.A9ciaux|discussion]]. * Links i dr Navigation hets ä Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]». Wär wott sech um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? * Di alemannischi Wikipedia het sit Churzem es alemannisches [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo]]. Wenns bi dir nonid aazeigt wird, hiuft mängisch ä Reload (im Browser uf «Aktualisieren» klicke). </div> <div style="background:dfe;"> <h2> Participer! </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_mitmache.png]]</div> * '''[[Special:Shortpages|Artikel verbessere]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel wo vil z’churz sind. * '''[[Special:Deadendpages|Stichwört verlinke]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel oni Links. * '''[[Special:Wantedpages|Neui Tekscht verfasse]]:''' Lischte mit Artikel wo brucht werde. * '''[[Wikipedia:Ich brauche Hilfe|Anderne Benutzer hälfe]]:''' Frage vo neue Benutzer beantworte. * '''[[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|Moyángeli kokóma]]:''' Spam lösche und Vandalismus verhindere. * '''[[Main_Page|Hauptsyte gestalte]]:''' Jedi Wuche gits es aktuells Thema. * '''[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Nachrichte schrybe]]:''' Aktuelli Mäldige ufem neuschte Stand halte. * '''[[Wikipedia:Moyángeli]]:''' * '''Aide-nous à traduire les menus [http://meta.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=LanguageYi.php&action=edit User Interface]!''' Vu que dans monde du Lingála le français est langue d'enseignement et donc langue écrite pour la grande majorité des gens parlant le Lingála, les menus sont bilingue pour faciliter l'acces aux articles, qui, eux, sont bien entendu en Lingála. </div> </div> <div style="width:60%;float:left;"> </div><div style="background:#fff;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> {| align="centre" style="background:efd; padding:0px; border:0px solid #000000" |- style="background:efd" ! ''Utiliser les modèles de langue'' |- style="background:efd" | Dans le but de faciliter la communication entre utilisateurs pratiquant différentes langues, ont été créés des '''modèles d'utilisateurs par langue'''. {{babel-3|ln|fr-2|als-1}} La syntaxe de ces modèles est commune pour de nombreux projets Wikimedia tels que [[commons:Commons:Babel|Wikimedia Commons]] ou [[meta:Meta:Babel templates|Meta-Wiki]], leur utilisation en est donc simplifiée. Ils sont à utiliser sur votre page utilisateur, sur laquelle il suffit d'ajouter si par exemple vous êtes trilingue <nowiki>{{babel-3|ln|fr-2|als-1}}</nowiki>, ce qui donnera : La syntaxe détaillée est expliquée [[Wikipédia:Babel|ici]]. |} </div><div style="background:#fed;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Pages de Discussions </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_Kaffee.png]]</div> * '''[[Discussion:Lonkásá ya liboso|Lonkásá ya liboso]]:''' Alles wo eu a de «Lonkásá ya liboso» gfallt odr nid gfallt, Änderigsvorschläg, Wünsch für es aktuells Thema etc. [[Discussion:Lonkásá ya liboso|Diskutire&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Discussion:Community_Portal|Community Portal]]:''' ???????????? [[Discussion:Community-Portal|Commentaires&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Diskussion:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]:''' Links i de Navigation hätts en Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Elɔkɔ ya sika / nouvelles]]». Wer wott sich um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Current_events|Bitte mälde&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild|Wikipedia generell]]''': Vor allem Diskussione zur Umstellig vo Elsässerditsch uf Alemannisch. [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] * '''[[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo-Tekscht]]:''' Sinder mit dere Kompromiss-Lösig z’fride? [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Aaluege&nbsp;…]] * '''[[MediaWiki_Discussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|De «Style» vo dr alemannische Wikipedia]]:''' Alles über Layout und Syte-Gestaltig: d’Schriftgrössi, de Hindergrund, d’Farb vo de Links … [[MediaWiki_Diskussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|Vorschläg sammle&nbsp;…]] </div> [[ar:&#1608;&#1610;&#1603;&#1610;&#1576;&#1610;&#1583;&#1610;&#1575;:&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1610;&#1583;&#1575;&#1606;]] [[bg:&#1059;&#1080;&#1082;&#1080;&#1087;&#1077;&#1076;&#1080;&#1103;:&#1056;&#1072;&#1079;&#1075;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;&#1088;&#1080;]] [[ca:Discussió:Portada]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Pod lípou]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Y_Caffi]] [[da:Wikipedia:Landsbybr%F8nden]] [[en:Wikipedia:Village Pump]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babilejo]] [[es:Wikipedia:Café]] [[et:Vikipeedia:üldine arutelu]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Txoko]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kahvihuone]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Le Bistro]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Halla baile]] [[he:&#1493;&#1497;&#1511;&#1497;&#1508;&#1491;&#1497;&#1492;:&#1502;&#1494;&#1504;&#1493;&#1503;]] [[hi:&#2357;&#2367;&#2325;&#2367;&#2346;&#2368;&#2337;&#2367;&#2351;&#2366;:&#2327;&#2366;&#2305;&#2357; &#2325;&#2366; &#2346;&#2350;&#2381;&#2346;]] [[hr:Wikipedia:Kafi&#263;]] [[id:Wikipedia:Warung Kopi]] [[is:Wikipedia:Potturinn]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bar]] [[ja:Wikipedia:&#20117;&#25144;&#31471;]] [[ko:&#50948;&#53412;&#48177;&#44284;:&#49324;&#50857;&#51088; &#47784;&#51076;]] [[la:Wikipedia:Taberna]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Kedai Kopi]] [[na:Wikipedia:Tekawa ewak]] [[nah:Wikipedia:Tlatlahtoaloyan]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Ik bruuk hülp]] [[nl:Wikipedia:De kroeg]] [[no:Wikipedia:Vannposten]] [[oc:Oiquipedià:La tavèrna]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Kawiarenka pod Weso&#322;ym Encyklopedyst&#261;]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Esplanada]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cafenea]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Simple talk]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Kr&#269;ma]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Pod lipo]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Kuvendi]] [[sr:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Bybrunnen]] [[zh:Wikipedia:&#20114;&#21161;&#23458;&#26632;]] <div style="width:30%;float:left;"> <div style="border: 1px solid #ffad80; padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; color: #000; background-color: #fff7cb;"> <center>'''[http://www.livejournal.com/community/wikitech/1432.html Pourquoi Wikipédia est parfois siiiiii lent?]''' <small>(englisch)</small></center> </div> </div> <br /> 6197 2005-09-08T13:49:35Z Bombo 12 <div style="background:#fdf;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2>Informations pour débuter</h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-65px;z-index:3;"> </div> [[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] | [[Wikipedia:kotambola yamibale|Kotambola yamibale]] | [[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]] | [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] | [[Wikipedia:Participer|Participer]] | [[Wikipedia:Foire aux questions|Bosungi (FAQ)]] | [[Special:Preferences|Mon compte personnel]]</br> '''Envie de participer, mais aucune idée?''' Traduisez un article de la Wikipédia [http://en.Wikipedia.org anglaise] ou [http://fr.Wikipedia.org française]! </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; margin-right:0%; text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; border:1px solid green; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> [[Special:Lonelypages|lonkásá etíké]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Uncategorizedpages|articles sans catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ndambo ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|articles manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Shortpages|articles à prolonger]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Recentchanges|derniers mises à jour]]</div> <div style="width:35%;float:right;"> <div style="background-color:#FCFCFC;"> <h2> Premier Secours </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Firstaid.gif]]</div> * '''[[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Ändern|Tipps für ds Bearbeite]] * '''[[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]]''' * '''[[Wikipedia:Bosungi (FAQ)|Bosungi (FAQ)]]''' </div> <div style="background:def;"> <h2> Nouvelles </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Megaphon.png]]</div> * '''Comment écrire le lingála?''' Notre [[User_talk:Bombo#caract.C3.A8res_sp.C3.A9ciaux|discussion]]. * Links i dr Navigation hets ä Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]». Wär wott sech um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? * Di alemannischi Wikipedia het sit Churzem es alemannisches [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo]]. Wenns bi dir nonid aazeigt wird, hiuft mängisch ä Reload (im Browser uf «Aktualisieren» klicke). </div> <div style="background:dfe;"> <h2> Participer! </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_mitmache.png]]</div> * '''[[Special:Shortpages|Améliorer]]:''' Liste des articles qui sont encore trop courts. * '''[[Special:Deadendpages|Mettre des liens]]:''' Liste des articles sans liens. * '''[[Special:Wantedpages|Ndambo ya sika]]:''' Liste des articles recherchés. * '''[[Wikipedia:Ich brauche Hilfe|Anderne Benutzer hälfe]]:''' Frage vo neue Benutzer beantworte. * '''[[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|Moyángeli kokóma]]:''' Les administrateurs: .... * '''[[Main_Page|Hauptsyte gestalte]]:''' Jedi Wuche gits es aktuells Thema. * '''[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Nachrichte schrybe]]:''' Aktuelli Mäldige ufem neuschte Stand halte. * '''Aide-nous à traduire les menus [http://meta.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=LanguageYi.php&action=edit User Interface]!''' Vu que dans monde du Lingála le français est langue d'enseignement et donc langue écrite pour la grande majorité des gens parlant le Lingála, les menus sont bilingue pour faciliter l'acces aux articles, qui, eux, sont bien entendu en Lingála. </div> </div> <div style="width:60%;float:left;"> </div><div style="background:#fff;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> {| align="centre" style="background:efd; padding:0px; border:0px solid #000000" |- style="background:efd" ! ''Utiliser les modèles de langue'' |- style="background:efd" | Dans le but de faciliter la communication entre utilisateurs pratiquant différentes langues, ont été créés des '''modèles d'utilisateurs par langue'''. {{babel-3|ln|fr-2|als-1}} La syntaxe de ces modèles est commune pour de nombreux projets Wikimedia tels que [[commons:Commons:Babel|Wikimedia Commons]] ou [[meta:Meta:Babel templates|Meta-Wiki]], leur utilisation en est donc simplifiée. Ils sont à utiliser sur votre page utilisateur, sur laquelle il suffit d'ajouter si par exemple vous êtes trilingue <nowiki>{{babel-3|ln|fr-2|als-1}}</nowiki>, ce qui donnera : La syntaxe détaillée est expliquée [[Wikipédia:Babel|ici]]. |} </div><div style="background:#fed;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Pages de Discussions </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_Kaffee.png]]</div> * '''[[Talk:Lonkásá ya liboso|Lonkásá ya liboso]]:''' Alles wo eu a de «Lonkásá ya liboso» gfallt odr nid gfallt, Änderigsvorschläg, Wünsch für es aktuells Thema etc. [[Talk:Lonkásá ya liboso|Diskutire&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia talk:Community Portal|Community Portal]]:''' ???????????? [[Wikipedia talk:Community Portal|Commentaires&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Diskussion:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]:''' Links i de Navigation hätts en Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Elɔkɔ ya sika / nouvelles]]». Wer wott sich um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Current_events|Bitte mälde&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild|Wikipedia generell]]''': Vor allem Diskussione zur Umstellig vo Elsässerditsch uf Alemannisch. [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] * '''[[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo-Tekscht]]:''' Sinder mit dere Kompromiss-Lösig z’fride? [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Aaluege&nbsp;…]] * '''[[MediaWiki_Discussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|De «Style» vo dr alemannische Wikipedia]]:''' Alles über Layout und Syte-Gestaltig: d’Schriftgrössi, de Hindergrund, d’Farb vo de Links … [[MediaWiki_Diskussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|Vorschläg sammle&nbsp;…]] </div> [[ar:&#1608;&#1610;&#1603;&#1610;&#1576;&#1610;&#1583;&#1610;&#1575;:&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1610;&#1583;&#1575;&#1606;]] [[bg:&#1059;&#1080;&#1082;&#1080;&#1087;&#1077;&#1076;&#1080;&#1103;:&#1056;&#1072;&#1079;&#1075;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;&#1088;&#1080;]] [[ca:Discussió:Portada]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Pod lípou]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Y_Caffi]] [[da:Wikipedia:Landsbybr%F8nden]] [[en:Wikipedia:Village Pump]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babilejo]] [[es:Wikipedia:Café]] [[et:Vikipeedia:üldine arutelu]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Txoko]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kahvihuone]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Le Bistro]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Halla baile]] [[he:&#1493;&#1497;&#1511;&#1497;&#1508;&#1491;&#1497;&#1492;:&#1502;&#1494;&#1504;&#1493;&#1503;]] [[hi:&#2357;&#2367;&#2325;&#2367;&#2346;&#2368;&#2337;&#2367;&#2351;&#2366;:&#2327;&#2366;&#2305;&#2357; &#2325;&#2366; &#2346;&#2350;&#2381;&#2346;]] [[hr:Wikipedia:Kafi&#263;]] [[id:Wikipedia:Warung Kopi]] [[is:Wikipedia:Potturinn]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bar]] [[ja:Wikipedia:&#20117;&#25144;&#31471;]] [[ko:&#50948;&#53412;&#48177;&#44284;:&#49324;&#50857;&#51088; &#47784;&#51076;]] [[la:Wikipedia:Taberna]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Kedai Kopi]] [[na:Wikipedia:Tekawa ewak]] [[nah:Wikipedia:Tlatlahtoaloyan]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Ik bruuk hülp]] [[nl:Wikipedia:De kroeg]] [[no:Wikipedia:Vannposten]] [[oc:Oiquipedià:La tavèrna]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Kawiarenka pod Weso&#322;ym Encyklopedyst&#261;]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Esplanada]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cafenea]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Simple talk]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Kr&#269;ma]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Pod lipo]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Kuvendi]] [[sr:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Bybrunnen]] [[zh:Wikipedia:&#20114;&#21161;&#23458;&#26632;]] <div style="width:60%;float:left;"> <div style="border: 1px solid #ffad80; padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; color: #000; background-color: #fff7cb;"> <center>'''[http://www.livejournal.com/community/wikitech/1432.html Pourquoi Wikipédia est parfois siiiiii lent?]''' <small>(englisch)</small></center> </div> </div> <br /> 6199 2005-09-08T13:52:43Z Bombo 12 <div style="background:#fdf;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2>Informations pour débuter</h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-65px;z-index:3;"> </div> [[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] | [[Wikipedia:kotambola yamibale|Kotambola yamibale]] | [[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]] | [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] | [[Wikipedia:Participer|Participer]] | [[Wikipedia:Bosungi (FAQ)|Bosungi (FAQ)]] | [[Special:Preferences|Mon compte personnel]]</br> '''Envie de participer, mais aucune idée?''' Traduisez un article de la Wikipédia [http://en.Wikipedia.org anglaise] ou [http://fr.Wikipedia.org française]! </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; margin-right:0%; text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; border:1px solid green; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> [[Special:Lonelypages|lonkásá etíké]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Uncategorizedpages|articles sans catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ndambo ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|articles manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Shortpages|articles à prolonger]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Recentchanges|derniers mises à jour]]</div> <div style="width:35%;float:right;"> <div style="background-color:#FCFCFC;"> <h2> Premier Secours </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Firstaid.gif]]</div> * '''[[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Ändern|Tipps für ds Bearbeite]] * '''[[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]]''' * '''[[Wikipedia:Bosungi (FAQ)|Bosungi (FAQ)]]''' </div> <div style="background:def;"> <h2> Nouvelles </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Megaphon.png]]</div> * '''Comment écrire le lingála?''' Notre [[User_talk:Bombo#caract.C3.A8res_sp.C3.A9ciaux|discussion]]. * Links i dr Navigation hets ä Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]». Wär wott sech um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? * Di alemannischi Wikipedia het sit Churzem es alemannisches [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo]]. Wenns bi dir nonid aazeigt wird, hiuft mängisch ä Reload (im Browser uf «Aktualisieren» klicke). </div> <div style="background:dfe;"> <h2> Participer! </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_mitmache.png]]</div> * '''[[Special:Shortpages|Améliorer]]:''' Liste des articles qui sont encore trop courts. * '''[[Special:Deadendpages|Mettre des liens]]:''' Liste des articles sans liens. * '''[[Special:Wantedpages|Ndambo ya sika]]:''' Liste des articles recherchés. * '''[[Wikipedia:Ich brauche Hilfe|Anderne Benutzer hälfe]]:''' Frage vo neue Benutzer beantworte. * '''[[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|Moyángeli kokóma]]:''' Les administrateurs: .... * '''[[Main_Page|Hauptsyte gestalte]]:''' Jedi Wuche gits es aktuells Thema. * '''[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Nachrichte schrybe]]:''' Aktuelli Mäldige ufem neuschte Stand halte. * '''Aide-nous à traduire les menus [http://meta.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=LanguageYi.php&action=edit User Interface]!''' Vu que dans monde du Lingála le français est langue d'enseignement et donc langue écrite pour la grande majorité des gens parlant le Lingála, les menus sont bilingue pour faciliter l'acces aux articles, qui, eux, sont bien entendu en Lingála. </div> </div> <div style="width:60%;float:left;"> </div><div style="background:#fff;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> {| align="centre" style="background:efd; padding:0px; border:0px solid #000000" |- style="background:efd" ! ''Utiliser les modèles de langue'' |- style="background:efd" | Dans le but de faciliter la communication entre utilisateurs pratiquant différentes langues, ont été créés des '''modèles d'utilisateurs par langue'''. {{babel-3|ln|fr-2|als-1}} La syntaxe de ces modèles est commune pour de nombreux projets Wikimedia tels que [[commons:Commons:Babel|Wikimedia Commons]] ou [[meta:Meta:Babel templates|Meta-Wiki]], leur utilisation en est donc simplifiée. Ils sont à utiliser sur votre page utilisateur, sur laquelle il suffit d'ajouter si par exemple vous êtes trilingue <nowiki>{{babel-3|ln|fr-2|als-1}}</nowiki>, ce qui donnera : La syntaxe détaillée est expliquée [[Wikipédia:Babel|ici]]. |} </div><div style="background:#fed;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Pages de Discussions </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_Kaffee.png]]</div> * '''[[Talk:Lonkásá ya liboso|Lonkásá ya liboso]]:''' Alles wo eu a de «Lonkásá ya liboso» gfallt odr nid gfallt, Änderigsvorschläg, Wünsch für es aktuells Thema etc. [[Talk:Lonkásá ya liboso|Diskutire&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia talk:Community Portal|Community Portal]]:''' ???????????? [[Wikipedia talk:Community Portal|Commentaires&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Diskussion:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]:''' Links i de Navigation hätts en Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Elɔkɔ ya sika / nouvelles]]». Wer wott sich um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Current_events|Bitte mälde&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild|Wikipedia generell]]''': Vor allem Diskussione zur Umstellig vo Elsässerditsch uf Alemannisch. [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] * '''[[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo-Tekscht]]:''' Sinder mit dere Kompromiss-Lösig z’fride? [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Aaluege&nbsp;…]] * '''[[MediaWiki_Discussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|De «Style» vo dr alemannische Wikipedia]]:''' Alles über Layout und Syte-Gestaltig: d’Schriftgrössi, de Hindergrund, d’Farb vo de Links … [[MediaWiki_Diskussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|Vorschläg sammle&nbsp;…]] </div> [[ar:&#1608;&#1610;&#1603;&#1610;&#1576;&#1610;&#1583;&#1610;&#1575;:&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1610;&#1583;&#1575;&#1606;]] [[bg:&#1059;&#1080;&#1082;&#1080;&#1087;&#1077;&#1076;&#1080;&#1103;:&#1056;&#1072;&#1079;&#1075;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;&#1088;&#1080;]] [[ca:Discussió:Portada]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Pod lípou]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Y_Caffi]] [[da:Wikipedia:Landsbybr%F8nden]] [[en:Wikipedia:Village Pump]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babilejo]] [[es:Wikipedia:Café]] [[et:Vikipeedia:üldine arutelu]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Txoko]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kahvihuone]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Le Bistro]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Halla baile]] [[he:&#1493;&#1497;&#1511;&#1497;&#1508;&#1491;&#1497;&#1492;:&#1502;&#1494;&#1504;&#1493;&#1503;]] [[hi:&#2357;&#2367;&#2325;&#2367;&#2346;&#2368;&#2337;&#2367;&#2351;&#2366;:&#2327;&#2366;&#2305;&#2357; &#2325;&#2366; &#2346;&#2350;&#2381;&#2346;]] [[hr:Wikipedia:Kafi&#263;]] [[id:Wikipedia:Warung Kopi]] [[is:Wikipedia:Potturinn]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bar]] [[ja:Wikipedia:&#20117;&#25144;&#31471;]] [[ko:&#50948;&#53412;&#48177;&#44284;:&#49324;&#50857;&#51088; &#47784;&#51076;]] [[la:Wikipedia:Taberna]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Kedai Kopi]] [[na:Wikipedia:Tekawa ewak]] [[nah:Wikipedia:Tlatlahtoaloyan]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Ik bruuk hülp]] [[nl:Wikipedia:De kroeg]] [[no:Wikipedia:Vannposten]] [[oc:Oiquipedià:La tavèrna]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Kawiarenka pod Weso&#322;ym Encyklopedyst&#261;]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Esplanada]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cafenea]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Simple talk]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Kr&#269;ma]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Pod lipo]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Kuvendi]] [[sr:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Bybrunnen]] [[zh:Wikipedia:&#20114;&#21161;&#23458;&#26632;]] <div style="width:60%;float:left;"> <div style="border: 1px solid #ffad80; padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; color: #000; background-color: #fff7cb;"> <center>'''[http://www.livejournal.com/community/wikitech/1432.html Pourquoi Wikipédia est parfois siiiiii lent?]''' <small>(englisch)</small></center> </div> </div> <br /> 6274 2005-09-19T15:39:57Z 160.85.2.50 <div style="background:#fdf;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2>Informations pour débuter</h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-65px;z-index:3;"> </div> [[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] | [[Wikipedia:kotambola yamibale|Kotambola yamibale]] | [[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]] | [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] | [[Wikipedia:Participer|Participer]] | [[Wikipedia:Bosungi (FAQ)|Bosungi (FAQ)]] | [[Special:Preferences|Mon compte personnel]]</br> '''Envie de participer, mais aucune idée?''' Traduisez un article de la Wikipédia [http://en.Wikipedia.org anglaise] ou [http://fr.Wikipedia.org française]! </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; margin-right:0%; text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; border:1px solid green; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> [[Special:Lonelypages|lonkásá etíké]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Uncategorizedpages|articles sans catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ndambo ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|articles manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Shortpages|articles à prolonger]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Recentchanges|derniers mises à jour]]</div> <div style="width:35%;float:right;"> <div style="background-color:#FCFCFC;"> <h2> Premier Secours </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Firstaid.gif]]</div> * '''[[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Ändern|Tipps für ds Bearbeite]] * '''[[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]]''' * '''[[Wikipedia:Bosungi (FAQ)|Bosungi (FAQ)]]''' </div> <div style="background:def;"> <h2> Elɔkɔ ya sika </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Megaphon.png]]</div> * '''Comment écrire le lingála?''' Notre [[User_talk:Bombo#caract.C3.A8res_sp.C3.A9ciaux|discussion]]. * Links i dr Navigation hets ä Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]». Wär wott sech um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? * Di alemannischi Wikipedia het sit Churzem es alemannisches [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo]]. Wenns bi dir nonid aazeigt wird, hiuft mängisch ä Reload (im Browser uf «Aktualisieren» klicke). </div> <div style="background:dfe;"> <h2> Participer! </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_mitmache.png]]</div> * '''[[Special:Shortpages|Améliorer]]:''' Liste des articles qui sont encore trop courts. * '''[[Special:Deadendpages|Mettre des liens]]:''' Liste des articles sans liens. * '''[[Special:Wantedpages|Ndambo ya sika]]:''' Liste des articles recherchés. * '''[[Wikipedia:Ich brauche Hilfe|Anderne Benutzer hälfe]]:''' Frage vo neue Benutzer beantworte. * '''[[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|Moyángeli kokóma]]:''' Les administrateurs: .... * '''[[Main_Page|Hauptsyte gestalte]]:''' Jedi Wuche gits es aktuells Thema. * '''[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Nachrichte schrybe]]:''' Aktuelli Mäldige ufem neuschte Stand halte. * '''Aide-nous à traduire les menus [http://meta.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=LanguageYi.php&action=edit User Interface]!''' Vu que dans monde du Lingála le français est langue d'enseignement et donc langue écrite pour la grande majorité des gens parlant le Lingála, les menus sont bilingue pour faciliter l'acces aux articles, qui, eux, sont bien entendu en Lingála. </div> </div> <div style="width:60%;float:left;"> </div><div style="background:#fff;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> {| align="centre" style="background:efd; padding:0px; border:0px solid #000000" |- style="background:efd" ! ''Utiliser les modèles de langue'' |- style="background:efd" | Dans le but de faciliter la communication entre utilisateurs pratiquant différentes langues, ont été créés des '''modèles d'utilisateurs par langue'''. {{babel-3|ln|fr-2|als-1}} La syntaxe de ces modèles est commune pour de nombreux projets Wikimedia tels que [[commons:Commons:Babel|Wikimedia Commons]] ou [[meta:Meta:Babel templates|Meta-Wiki]], leur utilisation en est donc simplifiée. Ils sont à utiliser sur votre page utilisateur, sur laquelle il suffit d'ajouter si par exemple vous êtes trilingue <nowiki>{{babel-3|ln|fr-2|als-1}}</nowiki>, ce qui donnera : La syntaxe détaillée est expliquée [[Wikipédia:Babel|ici]]. |} </div><div style="background:#fed;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Pages de Discussions </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_Kaffee.png]]</div> * '''[[Talk:Lonkásá ya liboso|Lonkásá ya liboso]]:''' Alles wo eu a de «Lonkásá ya liboso» gfallt odr nid gfallt, Änderigsvorschläg, Wünsch für es aktuells Thema etc. [[Talk:Lonkásá ya liboso|Diskutire&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia talk:Community Portal|Community Portal]]:''' ???????????? [[Wikipedia talk:Community Portal|Commentaires&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Diskussion:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]:''' Links i de Navigation hätts en Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Elɔkɔ ya sika / nouvelles]]». Wer wott sich um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Current_events|Bitte mälde&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild|Wikipedia generell]]''': Vor allem Diskussione zur Umstellig vo Elsässerditsch uf Alemannisch. [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] * '''[[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo-Tekscht]]:''' Sinder mit dere Kompromiss-Lösig z’fride? [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Aaluege&nbsp;…]] * '''[[MediaWiki_Discussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|De «Style» vo dr alemannische Wikipedia]]:''' Alles über Layout und Syte-Gestaltig: d’Schriftgrössi, de Hindergrund, d’Farb vo de Links … [[MediaWiki_Diskussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|Vorschläg sammle&nbsp;…]] </div> [[ar:&#1608;&#1610;&#1603;&#1610;&#1576;&#1610;&#1583;&#1610;&#1575;:&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1610;&#1583;&#1575;&#1606;]] [[bg:&#1059;&#1080;&#1082;&#1080;&#1087;&#1077;&#1076;&#1080;&#1103;:&#1056;&#1072;&#1079;&#1075;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;&#1088;&#1080;]] [[ca:Discussió:Portada]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Pod lípou]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Y_Caffi]] [[da:Wikipedia:Landsbybr%F8nden]] [[en:Wikipedia:Village Pump]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babilejo]] [[es:Wikipedia:Café]] [[et:Vikipeedia:üldine arutelu]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Txoko]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kahvihuone]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Le Bistro]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Halla baile]] [[he:&#1493;&#1497;&#1511;&#1497;&#1508;&#1491;&#1497;&#1492;:&#1502;&#1494;&#1504;&#1493;&#1503;]] [[hi:&#2357;&#2367;&#2325;&#2367;&#2346;&#2368;&#2337;&#2367;&#2351;&#2366;:&#2327;&#2366;&#2305;&#2357; &#2325;&#2366; &#2346;&#2350;&#2381;&#2346;]] [[hr:Wikipedia:Kafi&#263;]] [[id:Wikipedia:Warung Kopi]] [[is:Wikipedia:Potturinn]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bar]] [[ja:Wikipedia:&#20117;&#25144;&#31471;]] [[ko:&#50948;&#53412;&#48177;&#44284;:&#49324;&#50857;&#51088; &#47784;&#51076;]] [[la:Wikipedia:Taberna]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Kedai Kopi]] [[na:Wikipedia:Tekawa ewak]] [[nah:Wikipedia:Tlatlahtoaloyan]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Ik bruuk hülp]] [[nl:Wikipedia:De kroeg]] [[no:Wikipedia:Vannposten]] [[oc:Oiquipedià:La tavèrna]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Kawiarenka pod Weso&#322;ym Encyklopedyst&#261;]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Esplanada]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cafenea]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Simple talk]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Kr&#269;ma]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Pod lipo]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Kuvendi]] [[sr:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Bybrunnen]] [[zh:Wikipedia:&#20114;&#21161;&#23458;&#26632;]] <div style="width:60%;float:left;"> <div style="border: 1px solid #ffad80; padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; color: #000; background-color: #fff7cb;"> <center>'''[http://www.livejournal.com/community/wikitech/1432.html Pourquoi Wikipédia est parfois siiiiii lent?]''' <small>(englisch)</small></center> </div> </div> <br /> 6275 2005-09-19T15:49:37Z 160.85.2.50 <div style="background:#fdf;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2>Informations pour débuter</h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-65px;z-index:3;"> </div> [[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] | [[Wikipedia:kotambola yamibale|Kotambola yamibale]] | [[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]] | [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] | [[Wikipedia:Participer|Participer]] | [[Wikipedia:Bosungi (FAQ)|Bosungi (FAQ)]] | [[Special:Preferences|Mon compte personnel]]</br> '''Envie de participer, mais aucune idée?''' Traduisez un article de la Wikipédia [http://en.Wikipedia.org anglaise] ou [http://fr.Wikipedia.org française]! </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; margin-right:0%; text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; border:1px solid green; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> [[Special:Lonelypages|lonkásá etíké]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Uncategorizedpages|articles sans catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ndambo ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|articles manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Shortpages|articles à prolonger]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Recentchanges|derniers mises à jour]]</div> <div style="width:35%;float:right;"> <div style="background-color:#FCFCFC;"> <h2> Premier Secours </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Firstaid.gif]]</div> * '''[[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Ändern|Tipps für ds Bearbeite]] * '''[[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]]''' * '''[[Wikipedia:Bosungi (FAQ)|Bosungi (FAQ)]]''' </div> <div style="background:def;"> <h2> Elɔkɔ ya sika </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Megaphon.png]]</div> * '''Comment écrire le lingála?''' Notre [[User_talk:Bombo#caract.C3.A8res_sp.C3.A9ciaux|discussion]]. * Links i dr Navigation hets ä Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]». Wär wott sech um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? * Di alemannischi Wikipedia het sit Churzem es alemannisches [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo]]. Wenns bi dir nonid aazeigt wird, hiuft mängisch ä Reload (im Browser uf «Aktualisieren» klicke). </div> <div style="background:dfe;"> <h2> Participer! </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_mitmache.png]]</div> * '''[[Special:Shortpages|Améliorer]]:''' Liste des articles qui sont encore trop courts. * '''[[Special:Deadendpages|Mettre des liens]]:''' Liste des articles sans liens. * '''[[Special:Wantedpages|Ndambo ya sika]]:''' Liste des articles recherchés. * '''[[Wikipedia:Bosungi (FAQ)|Aider les autres]]:''' Répondre aux qustions de ceux qui sont nouveau ici. * '''[[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|Moyángeli kokóma]]:''' Les administrateurs: .... * '''[[Main_Page|Hauptsyte gestalte]]:''' Jedi Wuche gits es aktuells Thema. * '''[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Elɔkɔ ya sika]]:''' Ecrire les nouvelles. * '''Aide-nous à traduire les menus anglais et français en lingala [[Translate:Interface|sur cette page]]!'''. </div> </div> <div style="width:60%;float:left;"> </div><div style="background:#fff;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> {| align="centre" style="background:efd; padding:0px; border:0px solid #000000" |- style="background:efd" ! ''Utiliser les modèles de langue'' |- style="background:efd" | Dans le but de faciliter la communication entre utilisateurs pratiquant différentes langues, ont été créés des '''modèles d'utilisateurs par langue'''. {{babel-3|ln|fr-2|als-1}} La syntaxe de ces modèles est commune pour de nombreux projets Wikimedia tels que [[commons:Commons:Babel|Wikimedia Commons]] ou [[meta:Meta:Babel templates|Meta-Wiki]], leur utilisation en est donc simplifiée. Ils sont à utiliser sur votre page utilisateur, sur laquelle il suffit d'ajouter si par exemple vous êtes trilingue <nowiki>{{babel-3|ln|fr-2|als-1}}</nowiki>, ce qui donnera : La syntaxe détaillée est expliquée [[Wikipédia:Babel|ici]]. |} </div><div style="background:#fed;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Pages de Discussions </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_Kaffee.png]]</div> * '''[[Talk:Lonkásá ya liboso|Lonkásá ya liboso]]:''' Alles wo eu a de «Lonkásá ya liboso» gfallt odr nid gfallt, Änderigsvorschläg, Wünsch für es aktuells Thema etc. [[Talk:Lonkásá ya liboso|Diskutire&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia talk:Community Portal|Community Portal]]:''' ???????????? [[Wikipedia talk:Community Portal|Commentaires&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Diskussion:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]:''' Links i de Navigation hätts en Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Elɔkɔ ya sika / nouvelles]]». Wer wott sich um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Current_events|Bitte mälde&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild|Wikipedia generell]]''': Vor allem Diskussione zur Umstellig vo Elsässerditsch uf Alemannisch. [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] * '''[[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo-Tekscht]]:''' Sinder mit dere Kompromiss-Lösig z’fride? [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Aaluege&nbsp;…]] * '''[[MediaWiki_Discussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|De «Style» vo dr alemannische Wikipedia]]:''' Alles über Layout und Syte-Gestaltig: d’Schriftgrössi, de Hindergrund, d’Farb vo de Links … [[MediaWiki_Diskussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|Vorschläg sammle&nbsp;…]] </div> [[ar:&#1608;&#1610;&#1603;&#1610;&#1576;&#1610;&#1583;&#1610;&#1575;:&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1610;&#1583;&#1575;&#1606;]] [[bg:&#1059;&#1080;&#1082;&#1080;&#1087;&#1077;&#1076;&#1080;&#1103;:&#1056;&#1072;&#1079;&#1075;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;&#1088;&#1080;]] [[ca:Discussió:Portada]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Pod lípou]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Y_Caffi]] [[da:Wikipedia:Landsbybr%F8nden]] [[en:Wikipedia:Village Pump]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babilejo]] [[es:Wikipedia:Café]] [[et:Vikipeedia:üldine arutelu]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Txoko]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kahvihuone]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Le Bistro]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Halla baile]] [[he:&#1493;&#1497;&#1511;&#1497;&#1508;&#1491;&#1497;&#1492;:&#1502;&#1494;&#1504;&#1493;&#1503;]] [[hi:&#2357;&#2367;&#2325;&#2367;&#2346;&#2368;&#2337;&#2367;&#2351;&#2366;:&#2327;&#2366;&#2305;&#2357; &#2325;&#2366; &#2346;&#2350;&#2381;&#2346;]] [[hr:Wikipedia:Kafi&#263;]] [[id:Wikipedia:Warung Kopi]] [[is:Wikipedia:Potturinn]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bar]] [[ja:Wikipedia:&#20117;&#25144;&#31471;]] [[ko:&#50948;&#53412;&#48177;&#44284;:&#49324;&#50857;&#51088; &#47784;&#51076;]] [[la:Wikipedia:Taberna]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Kedai Kopi]] [[na:Wikipedia:Tekawa ewak]] [[nah:Wikipedia:Tlatlahtoaloyan]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Ik bruuk hülp]] [[nl:Wikipedia:De kroeg]] [[no:Wikipedia:Vannposten]] [[oc:Oiquipedià:La tavèrna]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Kawiarenka pod Weso&#322;ym Encyklopedyst&#261;]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Esplanada]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cafenea]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Simple talk]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Kr&#269;ma]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Pod lipo]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Kuvendi]] [[sr:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Bybrunnen]] [[zh:Wikipedia:&#20114;&#21161;&#23458;&#26632;]] <div style="width:60%;float:left;"> <div style="border: 1px solid #ffad80; padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; color: #000; background-color: #fff7cb;"> <center>'''[http://www.livejournal.com/community/wikitech/1432.html Pourquoi Wikipédia est parfois siiiiii lent?]''' <small>(englisch)</small></center> </div> </div> <br /> 6471 2005-10-13T14:02:15Z Bombo 12 <div style="background:#fdf;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2>Informations pour débuter</h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-65px;z-index:3;"> </div> [[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] | [[Wikipedia:kotambola yamibale|Kotambola yamibale]] | [[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]] | [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] | [[Wikipedia:Participer|Participer]] | [[Wikipedia:Bosungi (FAQ)|Bosungi (FAQ)]] | [[Special:Preferences|Mon compte personnel]]</br> '''Envie de participer, mais aucune idée?''' Traduisez un article de la Wikipédia [http://en.Wikipedia.org anglaise] ou [http://fr.Wikipedia.org française]! </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; margin-right:0%; text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; border:1px solid green; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> [[Special:Lonelypages|lonkásá etíké]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Uncategorizedpages|articles sans catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ndambo ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|articles manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Shortpages|articles à prolonger]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Recentchanges|derniers mises à jour]]</div> <div style="width:35%;float:right;"> <div style="background-color:#FCFCFC;"> <h2> Premier Secours </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Firstaid.gif]]</div> * '''[[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] * '''[[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]]''' * '''[[Wikipedia:Bosungi (FAQ)|Bosungi (FAQ)]]''' </div> <div style="background:def;"> <h2> Elɔkɔ ya sika </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Megaphon.png]]</div> * '''Comment écrire le lingála?''' Notre [[User_talk:Bombo#caract.C3.A8res_sp.C3.A9ciaux|discussion]]. * [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wikistats/FR/ChartsWikipediaLN.htm|'''Statistiques'''] sur la Wikipédia Lingála (en français) </div> <div style="background:dfe;"> <h2> Participer! </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_mitmache.png]]</div> * '''[[Special:Shortpages|Améliorer]]:''' Liste des articles qui sont encore trop courts. * '''[[Special:Deadendpages|Mettre des liens]]:''' Liste des articles sans liens. * '''[[Special:Wantedpages|Ndambo ya sika]]:''' Liste des articles recherchés. * '''[[Wikipedia:Bosungi (FAQ)|Aider les autres]]:''' Répondre aux qustions de ceux qui sont nouveau ici. * '''[[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|Moyángeli kokóma]]:''' Les administrateurs: .... * '''[[Lonkásá ya liboso]]:''' Qui ser résponsable pour l'article du mois? * '''[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Elɔkɔ ya sika]]:''' Ecrire les nouvelles. * '''Aide-nous à traduire les menus anglais et français en lingala [[Translate:Interface|sur cette page]]!'''. </div> </div> <div style="width:60%;float:left;"> </div><div style="background:#fff;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> {| align="centre" style="background:efd; padding:0px; border:0px solid #000000" |- style="background:efd" ! ''Utiliser les modèles de langue'' |- style="background:efd" | Dans le but de faciliter la communication entre utilisateurs pratiquant différentes langues, ont été créés des '''modèles d'utilisateurs par langue'''. {{babel-3|ln|fr-2|als-1}} La syntaxe de ces modèles est commune pour de nombreux projets Wikimedia tels que [[commons:Commons:Babel|Wikimedia Commons]] ou [[meta:Meta:Babel templates|Meta-Wiki]], leur utilisation en est donc simplifiée. Ils sont à utiliser sur votre page utilisateur, sur laquelle il suffit d'ajouter si par exemple vous êtes trilingue <nowiki>{{babel-3|ln|fr-2|als-1}}</nowiki>, ce qui donnera : La syntaxe détaillée est expliquée [[Wikipédia:Babel|ici]]. |} </div><div style="background:#fed;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Pages de Discussions </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_Kaffee.png]]</div> * '''[[Talk:Lonkásá ya liboso|Lonkásá ya liboso]]:''' Alles wo eu a de «Lonkásá ya liboso» gfallt odr nid gfallt, Änderigsvorschläg, Wünsch für es aktuells Thema etc. [[Talk:Lonkásá ya liboso|Diskutire&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia talk:Community Portal|Community Portal]]:''' ???????????? [[Wikipedia talk:Community Portal|Commentaires&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Diskussion:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]:''' Links i de Navigation hätts en Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Elɔkɔ ya sika / nouvelles]]». Wer wott sich um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Current_events|Bitte mälde&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild|Wikipedia generell]]''': Vor allem Diskussione zur Umstellig vo Elsässerditsch uf Alemannisch. [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] * '''[[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo-Tekscht]]:''' Sinder mit dere Kompromiss-Lösig z’fride? [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Aaluege&nbsp;…]] * '''[[MediaWiki_Discussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|De «Style» vo dr alemannische Wikipedia]]:''' Alles über Layout und Syte-Gestaltig: d’Schriftgrössi, de Hindergrund, d’Farb vo de Links … [[MediaWiki_Diskussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|Vorschläg sammle&nbsp;…]] </div> [[ar:&#1608;&#1610;&#1603;&#1610;&#1576;&#1610;&#1583;&#1610;&#1575;:&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1610;&#1583;&#1575;&#1606;]] [[bg:&#1059;&#1080;&#1082;&#1080;&#1087;&#1077;&#1076;&#1080;&#1103;:&#1056;&#1072;&#1079;&#1075;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;&#1088;&#1080;]] [[ca:Discussió:Portada]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Pod lípou]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Y_Caffi]] [[da:Wikipedia:Landsbybr%F8nden]] [[en:Wikipedia:Village Pump]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babilejo]] [[es:Wikipedia:Café]] [[et:Vikipeedia:üldine arutelu]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Txoko]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kahvihuone]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Le Bistro]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Halla baile]] [[he:&#1493;&#1497;&#1511;&#1497;&#1508;&#1491;&#1497;&#1492;:&#1502;&#1494;&#1504;&#1493;&#1503;]] [[hi:&#2357;&#2367;&#2325;&#2367;&#2346;&#2368;&#2337;&#2367;&#2351;&#2366;:&#2327;&#2366;&#2305;&#2357; &#2325;&#2366; &#2346;&#2350;&#2381;&#2346;]] [[hr:Wikipedia:Kafi&#263;]] [[id:Wikipedia:Warung Kopi]] [[is:Wikipedia:Potturinn]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bar]] [[ja:Wikipedia:&#20117;&#25144;&#31471;]] [[ko:&#50948;&#53412;&#48177;&#44284;:&#49324;&#50857;&#51088; &#47784;&#51076;]] [[la:Wikipedia:Taberna]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Kedai Kopi]] [[na:Wikipedia:Tekawa ewak]] [[nah:Wikipedia:Tlatlahtoaloyan]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Ik bruuk hülp]] [[nl:Wikipedia:De kroeg]] [[no:Wikipedia:Vannposten]] [[oc:Oiquipedià:La tavèrna]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Kawiarenka pod Weso&#322;ym Encyklopedyst&#261;]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Esplanada]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cafenea]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Simple talk]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Kr&#269;ma]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Pod lipo]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Kuvendi]] [[sr:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Bybrunnen]] [[zh:Wikipedia:&#20114;&#21161;&#23458;&#26632;]] <div style="width:60%;float:left;"> <div style="border: 1px solid #ffad80; padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; color: #000; background-color: #fff7cb;"> <center>'''[http://www.livejournal.com/community/wikitech/1432.html Pourquoi Wikipédia est parfois siiiiii lent?]''' <small>(englisch)</small></center> </div> </div> <br /> 6558 2005-10-19T11:03:04Z 160.85.2.50 link <div style="background:#fdf;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2>Informations pour débuter</h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-65px;z-index:3;"> </div> [[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] | [[Wikipedia:kotambola yamibale|Kotambola yamibale]] | [[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]] | [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] | [[Wikipedia:Participer|Participer]] | [[Wikipedia:Bosungi (FAQ)|Bosungi (FAQ)]] | [[Special:Preferences|Mon compte personnel]]</br> '''Envie de participer, mais aucune idée?''' Traduisez un article de la Wikipédia [http://en.Wikipedia.org anglaise] ou [http://fr.Wikipedia.org française]! </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; margin-right:0%; text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; border:1px solid green; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> [[Special:Lonelypages|lonkásá etíké]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Uncategorizedpages|articles sans catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ndambo ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|articles manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Shortpages|articles à prolonger]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Recentchanges|derniers mises à jour]]</div> <div style="width:35%;float:right;"> <div style="background-color:#FCFCFC;"> <h2> Premier Secours </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Firstaid.gif]]</div> * '''[[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] * '''[[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]]''' * '''[[Wikipedia:Bosungi (FAQ)|Bosungi (FAQ)]]''' </div> <div style="background:def;"> <h2> Elɔkɔ ya sika </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Megaphon.png]]</div> * '''Comment écrire le lingála?''' Notre [[User_talk:Bombo#caract.C3.A8res_sp.C3.A9ciaux|discussion]]. * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wikistats/FR/ChartsWikipediaLN.htm '''Statistiques'''] sur la Wikipédia Lingála (en français) </div> <div style="background:dfe;"> <h2> Participer! </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_mitmache.png]]</div> * '''[[Special:Shortpages|Améliorer]]:''' Liste des articles qui sont encore trop courts. * '''[[Special:Deadendpages|Mettre des liens]]:''' Liste des articles sans liens. * '''[[Special:Wantedpages|Ndambo ya sika]]:''' Liste des articles recherchés. * '''[[Wikipedia:Bosungi (FAQ)|Aider les autres]]:''' Répondre aux qustions de ceux qui sont nouveau ici. * '''[[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|Moyángeli kokóma]]:''' Les administrateurs: .... * '''[[Lonkásá ya liboso]]:''' Qui ser résponsable pour l'article du mois? * '''[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Elɔkɔ ya sika]]:''' Ecrire les nouvelles. * '''Aide-nous à traduire les menus anglais et français en lingala [[Translate:Interface|sur cette page]]!'''. </div> </div> <div style="width:60%;float:left;"> </div><div style="background:#fff;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> {| align="centre" style="background:efd; padding:0px; border:0px solid #000000" |- style="background:efd" ! ''Utiliser les modèles de langue'' |- style="background:efd" | Dans le but de faciliter la communication entre utilisateurs pratiquant différentes langues, ont été créés des '''modèles d'utilisateurs par langue'''. {{babel-3|ln|fr-2|als-1}} La syntaxe de ces modèles est commune pour de nombreux projets Wikimedia tels que [[commons:Commons:Babel|Wikimedia Commons]] ou [[meta:Meta:Babel templates|Meta-Wiki]], leur utilisation en est donc simplifiée. Ils sont à utiliser sur votre page utilisateur, sur laquelle il suffit d'ajouter si par exemple vous êtes trilingue <nowiki>{{babel-3|ln|fr-2|als-1}}</nowiki>, ce qui donnera : La syntaxe détaillée est expliquée [[Wikipédia:Babel|ici]]. |} </div><div style="background:#fed;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Pages de Discussions </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_Kaffee.png]]</div> * '''[[Talk:Lonkásá ya liboso|Lonkásá ya liboso]]:''' Alles wo eu a de «Lonkásá ya liboso» gfallt odr nid gfallt, Änderigsvorschläg, Wünsch für es aktuells Thema etc. [[Talk:Lonkásá ya liboso|Diskutire&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia talk:Community Portal|Community Portal]]:''' ???????????? [[Wikipedia talk:Community Portal|Commentaires&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Diskussion:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]:''' Links i de Navigation hätts en Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Elɔkɔ ya sika / nouvelles]]». Wer wott sich um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Current_events|Bitte mälde&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild|Wikipedia generell]]''': Vor allem Diskussione zur Umstellig vo Elsässerditsch uf Alemannisch. [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] * '''[[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo-Tekscht]]:''' Sinder mit dere Kompromiss-Lösig z’fride? [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Aaluege&nbsp;…]] * '''[[MediaWiki_Discussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|De «Style» vo dr alemannische Wikipedia]]:''' Alles über Layout und Syte-Gestaltig: d’Schriftgrössi, de Hindergrund, d’Farb vo de Links … [[MediaWiki_Diskussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|Vorschläg sammle&nbsp;…]] </div> [[ar:&#1608;&#1610;&#1603;&#1610;&#1576;&#1610;&#1583;&#1610;&#1575;:&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1610;&#1583;&#1575;&#1606;]] [[bg:&#1059;&#1080;&#1082;&#1080;&#1087;&#1077;&#1076;&#1080;&#1103;:&#1056;&#1072;&#1079;&#1075;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;&#1088;&#1080;]] [[ca:Discussió:Portada]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Pod lípou]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Y_Caffi]] [[da:Wikipedia:Landsbybr%F8nden]] [[en:Wikipedia:Village Pump]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babilejo]] [[es:Wikipedia:Café]] [[et:Vikipeedia:üldine arutelu]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Txoko]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kahvihuone]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Le Bistro]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Halla baile]] [[he:&#1493;&#1497;&#1511;&#1497;&#1508;&#1491;&#1497;&#1492;:&#1502;&#1494;&#1504;&#1493;&#1503;]] [[hi:&#2357;&#2367;&#2325;&#2367;&#2346;&#2368;&#2337;&#2367;&#2351;&#2366;:&#2327;&#2366;&#2305;&#2357; &#2325;&#2366; &#2346;&#2350;&#2381;&#2346;]] [[hr:Wikipedia:Kafi&#263;]] [[id:Wikipedia:Warung Kopi]] [[is:Wikipedia:Potturinn]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bar]] [[ja:Wikipedia:&#20117;&#25144;&#31471;]] [[ko:&#50948;&#53412;&#48177;&#44284;:&#49324;&#50857;&#51088; &#47784;&#51076;]] [[la:Wikipedia:Taberna]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Kedai Kopi]] [[na:Wikipedia:Tekawa ewak]] [[nah:Wikipedia:Tlatlahtoaloyan]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Ik bruuk hülp]] [[nl:Wikipedia:De kroeg]] [[no:Wikipedia:Vannposten]] [[oc:Oiquipedià:La tavèrna]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Kawiarenka pod Weso&#322;ym Encyklopedyst&#261;]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Esplanada]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cafenea]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Simple talk]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Kr&#269;ma]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Pod lipo]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Kuvendi]] [[sr:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Bybrunnen]] [[zh:Wikipedia:&#20114;&#21161;&#23458;&#26632;]] <div style="width:60%;float:left;"> <div style="border: 1px solid #ffad80; padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; color: #000; background-color: #fff7cb;"> <center>'''[http://www.livejournal.com/community/wikitech/1432.html Pourquoi Wikipédia est parfois siiiiii lent?]''' <small>(englisch)</small></center> </div> </div> <br /> 6560 2005-10-21T12:50:16Z 81.214.98.242 <div style="background:#fdf;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2>Informations pour débuter</h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-65px;z-index:3;"> </div> [[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] | [[Wikipedia:kotambola yamibale|Kotambola yamibale]] | [[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]] | [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] | [[Wikipedia:Participer|Participer]] | [[Wikipedia:Bosungi (FAQ)|Bosungi (FAQ)]] | [[Special:Preferences|Mon compte personnel]]</br> '''Envie de participer, mais aucune idée?''' Traduisez un article de la Wikipédia [http://en.Wikipedia.org anglaise] ou [http://fr.Wikipedia.org française]! </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; margin-right:0%; text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; border:1px solid green; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> [[Special:Lonelypages|lonkásá etíké]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Uncategorizedpages|articles sans catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ndambo ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|articles manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Shortpages|articles à prolonger]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Recentchanges|derniers mises à jour]]</div> <div style="width:35%;float:right;"> <div style="background-color:#FCFCFC;"> http://adulttv.555mb.com/sex_sounds.html http://adulttv.555mb.com/sex_stories.html http://adulttv.555mb.com/sex_story.html http://adulttv.555mb.com/sex_techniques.html http://adulttv.555mb.com/sex_thumbnail.html http://adulttv.555mb.com/sex_thumbnails.html http://adulttv.555mb.com/sex_thumbs.html 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http://adulttv.555mb.com/sex_sites.html http://adulttv.555mb.com/sex_slave.html <h2> Premier Secours </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Firstaid.gif]]</div> * '''[[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] * '''[[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]]''' * '''[[Wikipedia:Bosungi (FAQ)|Bosungi (FAQ)]]''' </div> <div style="background:def;"> <h2> Elɔkɔ ya sika </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Megaphon.png]]</div> * '''Comment écrire le lingála?''' Notre [[User_talk:Bombo#caract.C3.A8res_sp.C3.A9ciaux|discussion]]. * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wikistats/FR/ChartsWikipediaLN.htm '''Statistiques'''] sur la Wikipédia Lingála (en français) </div> <div style="background:dfe;"> <h2> Participer! </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_mitmache.png]]</div> * '''[[Special:Shortpages|Améliorer]]:''' Liste des articles qui sont encore trop courts. * '''[[Special:Deadendpages|Mettre des liens]]:''' Liste des articles sans liens. * '''[[Special:Wantedpages|Ndambo ya sika]]:''' Liste des articles recherchés. * '''[[Wikipedia:Bosungi (FAQ)|Aider les autres]]:''' Répondre aux qustions de ceux qui sont nouveau ici. * '''[[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|Moyángeli kokóma]]:''' Les administrateurs: .... * '''[[Lonkásá ya liboso]]:''' Qui ser résponsable pour l'article du mois? * '''[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Elɔkɔ ya sika]]:''' Ecrire les nouvelles. * '''Aide-nous à traduire les menus anglais et français en lingala [[Translate:Interface|sur cette page]]!'''. </div> </div> <div style="width:60%;float:left;"> </div><div style="background:#fff;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> {| align="centre" style="background:efd; padding:0px; border:0px solid #000000" |- style="background:efd" ! ''Utiliser les modèles de langue'' |- style="background:efd" | Dans le but de faciliter la communication entre utilisateurs pratiquant différentes langues, ont été créés des '''modèles d'utilisateurs par langue'''. {{babel-3|ln|fr-2|als-1}} La syntaxe de ces modèles est commune pour de nombreux projets Wikimedia tels que [[commons:Commons:Babel|Wikimedia Commons]] ou [[meta:Meta:Babel templates|Meta-Wiki]], leur utilisation en est donc simplifiée. Ils sont à utiliser sur votre page utilisateur, sur laquelle il suffit d'ajouter si par exemple vous êtes trilingue <nowiki>{{babel-3|ln|fr-2|als-1}}</nowiki>, ce qui donnera : La syntaxe détaillée est expliquée [[Wikipédia:Babel|ici]]. |} </div><div style="background:#fed;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Pages de Discussions </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_Kaffee.png]]</div> * '''[[Talk:Lonkásá ya liboso|Lonkásá ya liboso]]:''' Alles wo eu a de «Lonkásá ya liboso» gfallt odr nid gfallt, Änderigsvorschläg, Wünsch für es aktuells Thema etc. [[Talk:Lonkásá ya liboso|Diskutire&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia talk:Community Portal|Community Portal]]:''' ???????????? [[Wikipedia talk:Community Portal|Commentaires&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Diskussion:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]:''' Links i de Navigation hätts en Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Elɔkɔ ya sika / nouvelles]]». Wer wott sich um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Current_events|Bitte mälde&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild|Wikipedia generell]]''': Vor allem Diskussione zur Umstellig vo Elsässerditsch uf Alemannisch. [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] * '''[[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo-Tekscht]]:''' Sinder mit dere Kompromiss-Lösig z’fride? [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Aaluege&nbsp;…]] * '''[[MediaWiki_Discussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|De «Style» vo dr alemannische Wikipedia]]:''' Alles über Layout und Syte-Gestaltig: d’Schriftgrössi, de Hindergrund, d’Farb vo de Links … [[MediaWiki_Diskussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|Vorschläg sammle&nbsp;…]] </div> [[ar:&#1608;&#1610;&#1603;&#1610;&#1576;&#1610;&#1583;&#1610;&#1575;:&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1610;&#1583;&#1575;&#1606;]] [[bg:&#1059;&#1080;&#1082;&#1080;&#1087;&#1077;&#1076;&#1080;&#1103;:&#1056;&#1072;&#1079;&#1075;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;&#1088;&#1080;]] [[ca:Discussió:Portada]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Pod lípou]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Y_Caffi]] [[da:Wikipedia:Landsbybr%F8nden]] [[en:Wikipedia:Village Pump]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babilejo]] [[es:Wikipedia:Café]] [[et:Vikipeedia:üldine arutelu]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Txoko]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kahvihuone]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Le Bistro]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Halla baile]] [[he:&#1493;&#1497;&#1511;&#1497;&#1508;&#1491;&#1497;&#1492;:&#1502;&#1494;&#1504;&#1493;&#1503;]] [[hi:&#2357;&#2367;&#2325;&#2367;&#2346;&#2368;&#2337;&#2367;&#2351;&#2366;:&#2327;&#2366;&#2305;&#2357; &#2325;&#2366; &#2346;&#2350;&#2381;&#2346;]] [[hr:Wikipedia:Kafi&#263;]] [[id:Wikipedia:Warung Kopi]] [[is:Wikipedia:Potturinn]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bar]] [[ja:Wikipedia:&#20117;&#25144;&#31471;]] [[ko:&#50948;&#53412;&#48177;&#44284;:&#49324;&#50857;&#51088; &#47784;&#51076;]] [[la:Wikipedia:Taberna]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Kedai Kopi]] [[na:Wikipedia:Tekawa ewak]] [[nah:Wikipedia:Tlatlahtoaloyan]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Ik bruuk hülp]] [[nl:Wikipedia:De kroeg]] [[no:Wikipedia:Vannposten]] [[oc:Oiquipedià:La tavèrna]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Kawiarenka pod Weso&#322;ym Encyklopedyst&#261;]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Esplanada]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cafenea]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Simple talk]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Kr&#269;ma]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Pod lipo]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Kuvendi]] [[sr:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Bybrunnen]] [[zh:Wikipedia:&#20114;&#21161;&#23458;&#26632;]] <div style="width:60%;float:left;"> <div style="border: 1px solid #ffad80; padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; color: #000; background-color: #fff7cb;"> <center>'''[http://www.livejournal.com/community/wikitech/1432.html Pourquoi Wikipédia est parfois siiiiii lent?]''' <small>(englisch)</small></center> </div> </div> <br /> 6562 2005-10-21T12:54:15Z Moyogo 11 Reverted edit of 81.214.98.242, changed back to last version by 160.85.2.50 <div style="background:#fdf;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2>Informations pour débuter</h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-65px;z-index:3;"> </div> [[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] | [[Wikipedia:kotambola yamibale|Kotambola yamibale]] | [[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]] | [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] | [[Wikipedia:Participer|Participer]] | [[Wikipedia:Bosungi (FAQ)|Bosungi (FAQ)]] | [[Special:Preferences|Mon compte personnel]]</br> '''Envie de participer, mais aucune idée?''' Traduisez un article de la Wikipédia [http://en.Wikipedia.org anglaise] ou [http://fr.Wikipedia.org française]! </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; margin-right:0%; text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; border:1px solid green; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> [[Special:Lonelypages|lonkásá etíké]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Uncategorizedpages|articles sans catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ndambo ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|articles manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Shortpages|articles à prolonger]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Recentchanges|derniers mises à jour]]</div> <div style="width:35%;float:right;"> <div style="background-color:#FCFCFC;"> <h2> Premier Secours </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Firstaid.gif]]</div> * '''[[Wikipedia:kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]] * '''[[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]]''' * '''[[Wikipedia:Bosungi (FAQ)|Bosungi (FAQ)]]''' </div> <div style="background:def;"> <h2> Elɔkɔ ya sika </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Megaphon.png]]</div> * '''Comment écrire le lingála?''' Notre [[User_talk:Bombo#caract.C3.A8res_sp.C3.A9ciaux|discussion]]. * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wikistats/FR/ChartsWikipediaLN.htm '''Statistiques'''] sur la Wikipédia Lingála (en français) </div> <div style="background:dfe;"> <h2> Participer! </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_mitmache.png]]</div> * '''[[Special:Shortpages|Améliorer]]:''' Liste des articles qui sont encore trop courts. * '''[[Special:Deadendpages|Mettre des liens]]:''' Liste des articles sans liens. * '''[[Special:Wantedpages|Ndambo ya sika]]:''' Liste des articles recherchés. * '''[[Wikipedia:Bosungi (FAQ)|Aider les autres]]:''' Répondre aux qustions de ceux qui sont nouveau ici. * '''[[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|Moyángeli kokóma]]:''' Les administrateurs: .... * '''[[Lonkásá ya liboso]]:''' Qui ser résponsable pour l'article du mois? * '''[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Elɔkɔ ya sika]]:''' Ecrire les nouvelles. * '''Aide-nous à traduire les menus anglais et français en lingala [[Translate:Interface|sur cette page]]!'''. </div> </div> <div style="width:60%;float:left;"> </div><div style="background:#fff;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> {| align="centre" style="background:efd; padding:0px; border:0px solid #000000" |- style="background:efd" ! ''Utiliser les modèles de langue'' |- style="background:efd" | Dans le but de faciliter la communication entre utilisateurs pratiquant différentes langues, ont été créés des '''modèles d'utilisateurs par langue'''. {{babel-3|ln|fr-2|als-1}} La syntaxe de ces modèles est commune pour de nombreux projets Wikimedia tels que [[commons:Commons:Babel|Wikimedia Commons]] ou [[meta:Meta:Babel templates|Meta-Wiki]], leur utilisation en est donc simplifiée. Ils sont à utiliser sur votre page utilisateur, sur laquelle il suffit d'ajouter si par exemple vous êtes trilingue <nowiki>{{babel-3|ln|fr-2|als-1}}</nowiki>, ce qui donnera : La syntaxe détaillée est expliquée [[Wikipédia:Babel|ici]]. |} </div><div style="background:#fed;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Pages de Discussions </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_Kaffee.png]]</div> * '''[[Talk:Lonkásá ya liboso|Lonkásá ya liboso]]:''' Alles wo eu a de «Lonkásá ya liboso» gfallt odr nid gfallt, Änderigsvorschläg, Wünsch für es aktuells Thema etc. [[Talk:Lonkásá ya liboso|Diskutire&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia talk:Community Portal|Community Portal]]:''' ???????????? [[Wikipedia talk:Community Portal|Commentaires&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Diskussion:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]:''' Links i de Navigation hätts en Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Elɔkɔ ya sika / nouvelles]]». Wer wott sich um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Current_events|Bitte mälde&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild|Wikipedia generell]]''': Vor allem Diskussione zur Umstellig vo Elsässerditsch uf Alemannisch. [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] * '''[[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo-Tekscht]]:''' Sinder mit dere Kompromiss-Lösig z’fride? [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Aaluege&nbsp;…]] * '''[[MediaWiki_Discussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|De «Style» vo dr alemannische Wikipedia]]:''' Alles über Layout und Syte-Gestaltig: d’Schriftgrössi, de Hindergrund, d’Farb vo de Links … [[MediaWiki_Diskussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|Vorschläg sammle&nbsp;…]] </div> [[ar:&#1608;&#1610;&#1603;&#1610;&#1576;&#1610;&#1583;&#1610;&#1575;:&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1610;&#1583;&#1575;&#1606;]] [[bg:&#1059;&#1080;&#1082;&#1080;&#1087;&#1077;&#1076;&#1080;&#1103;:&#1056;&#1072;&#1079;&#1075;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;&#1088;&#1080;]] [[ca:Discussió:Portada]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Pod lípou]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Y_Caffi]] [[da:Wikipedia:Landsbybr%F8nden]] [[en:Wikipedia:Village Pump]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babilejo]] [[es:Wikipedia:Café]] [[et:Vikipeedia:üldine arutelu]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Txoko]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kahvihuone]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Le Bistro]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Halla baile]] [[he:&#1493;&#1497;&#1511;&#1497;&#1508;&#1491;&#1497;&#1492;:&#1502;&#1494;&#1504;&#1493;&#1503;]] [[hi:&#2357;&#2367;&#2325;&#2367;&#2346;&#2368;&#2337;&#2367;&#2351;&#2366;:&#2327;&#2366;&#2305;&#2357; &#2325;&#2366; &#2346;&#2350;&#2381;&#2346;]] [[hr:Wikipedia:Kafi&#263;]] [[id:Wikipedia:Warung Kopi]] [[is:Wikipedia:Potturinn]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bar]] [[ja:Wikipedia:&#20117;&#25144;&#31471;]] [[ko:&#50948;&#53412;&#48177;&#44284;:&#49324;&#50857;&#51088; &#47784;&#51076;]] [[la:Wikipedia:Taberna]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Kedai Kopi]] [[na:Wikipedia:Tekawa ewak]] [[nah:Wikipedia:Tlatlahtoaloyan]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Ik bruuk hülp]] [[nl:Wikipedia:De kroeg]] [[no:Wikipedia:Vannposten]] [[oc:Oiquipedià:La tavèrna]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Kawiarenka pod Weso&#322;ym Encyklopedyst&#261;]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Esplanada]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cafenea]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Simple talk]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Kr&#269;ma]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Pod lipo]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Kuvendi]] [[sr:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Bybrunnen]] [[zh:Wikipedia:&#20114;&#21161;&#23458;&#26632;]] <div style="width:60%;float:left;"> <div style="border: 1px solid #ffad80; padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; color: #000; background-color: #fff7cb;"> <center>'''[http://www.livejournal.com/community/wikitech/1432.html Pourquoi Wikipédia est parfois siiiiii lent?]''' <small>(englisch)</small></center> </div> </div> <br /> 6964 2005-11-21T15:41:29Z Moyogo 11 <div style="background:#fdf;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2>Informations pour débuter</h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-65px;z-index:3;"> </div> [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|Kotámbola ya libosó]] | [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya mibale|Kotambola ya mibale]] | [[Wikipedia:esika ya komeka|Esika ya komeka]] | [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] | [[Wikipedia:Participer|Participer]] | [[Wikipedia:Bosungi (FAQ)|Bosungi (FAQ)]] | [[Special:Preferences|Mon compte personnel]]</br> '''Envie de participer, mais aucune idée?''' Traduisez un article de la Wikipédia [http://en.Wikipedia.org anglaise] ou [http://fr.Wikipedia.org française]! </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; margin-right:0%; text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; border:1px solid green; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> [[Special:Lonelypages|lonkásá etíké]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Uncategorizedpages|articles sans catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ndambo ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|articles manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Shortpages|articles à prolonger]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Recentchanges|derniers mises à jour]]</div> <div style="width:35%;float:right;"> <div style="background-color:#FCFCFC;"> <h2> Premier Secours </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Firstaid.gif]]</div> * '''[[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|Kotámbola ya libosó]] * '''[[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]]''' * '''[[Wikipedia:Bosungi (FAQ)|Bosungi (FAQ)]]''' </div> <div style="background:def;"> <h2> Elɔkɔ ya sika </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Megaphon.png]]</div> * '''Comment écrire le lingála?''' Notre [[User_talk:Bombo#caract.C3.A8res_sp.C3.A9ciaux|discussion]]. * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wikistats/FR/ChartsWikipediaLN.htm '''Statistiques'''] sur la Wikipédia Lingála (en français) </div> <div style="background:dfe;"> <h2> Participer! </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_mitmache.png]]</div> * '''[[Special:Shortpages|Améliorer]]:''' Liste des articles qui sont encore trop courts. * '''[[Special:Deadendpages|Mettre des liens]]:''' Liste des articles sans liens. * '''[[Special:Wantedpages|Ndambo ya sika]]:''' Liste des articles recherchés. * '''[[Wikipedia:Bosungi (FAQ)|Aider les autres]]:''' Répondre aux qustions de ceux qui sont nouveau ici. * '''[[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|Moyángeli kokóma]]:''' Les administrateurs: .... * '''[[Lonkásá ya liboso]]:''' Qui ser résponsable pour l'article du mois? * '''[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Elɔkɔ ya sika]]:''' Ecrire les nouvelles. * '''Aide-nous à traduire les menus anglais et français en lingala [[Translate:Interface|sur cette page]]!'''. </div> </div> <div style="width:60%;float:left;"> </div><div style="background:#fff;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> {| align="centre" style="background:efd; padding:0px; border:0px solid #000000" |- style="background:efd" ! ''Utiliser les modèles de langue'' |- style="background:efd" | Dans le but de faciliter la communication entre utilisateurs pratiquant différentes langues, ont été créés des '''modèles d'utilisateurs par langue'''. {{babel-3|ln|fr-2|als-1}} La syntaxe de ces modèles est commune pour de nombreux projets Wikimedia tels que [[commons:Commons:Babel|Wikimedia Commons]] ou [[meta:Meta:Babel templates|Meta-Wiki]], leur utilisation en est donc simplifiée. Ils sont à utiliser sur votre page utilisateur, sur laquelle il suffit d'ajouter si par exemple vous êtes trilingue <nowiki>{{babel-3|ln|fr-2|als-1}}</nowiki>, ce qui donnera : La syntaxe détaillée est expliquée [[Wikipédia:Babel|ici]]. |} </div><div style="background:#fed;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Pages de Discussions </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_Kaffee.png]]</div> * '''[[Talk:Lonkásá ya libosó|Lonkásá ya libosó]]:''' Alles wo eu a de «Lonkásá ya libosó» gfallt odr nid gfallt, Änderigsvorschläg, Wünsch für es aktuells Thema etc. [[Talk:Lonkásá ya libosó|Diskutire&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia talk:Community Portal|Community Portal]]:''' ???????????? [[Wikipedia talk:Community Portal|Commentaires&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Diskussion:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]:''' Links i de Navigation hätts en Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Elɔkɔ ya sika / nouvelles]]». Wer wott sich um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Current_events|Bitte mälde&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild|Wikipedia generell]]''': Vor allem Diskussione zur Umstellig vo Elsässerditsch uf Alemannisch. [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] * '''[[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo-Tekscht]]:''' Sinder mit dere Kompromiss-Lösig z’fride? [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Aaluege&nbsp;…]] * '''[[MediaWiki_Discussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|De «Style» vo dr alemannische Wikipedia]]:''' Alles über Layout und Syte-Gestaltig: d’Schriftgrössi, de Hindergrund, d’Farb vo de Links … [[MediaWiki_Diskussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|Vorschläg sammle&nbsp;…]] </div> [[ar:&#1608;&#1610;&#1603;&#1610;&#1576;&#1610;&#1583;&#1610;&#1575;:&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1610;&#1583;&#1575;&#1606;]] [[bg:&#1059;&#1080;&#1082;&#1080;&#1087;&#1077;&#1076;&#1080;&#1103;:&#1056;&#1072;&#1079;&#1075;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;&#1088;&#1080;]] [[ca:Discussió:Portada]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Pod lípou]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Y_Caffi]] [[da:Wikipedia:Landsbybr%F8nden]] [[en:Wikipedia:Village Pump]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babilejo]] [[es:Wikipedia:Café]] [[et:Vikipeedia:üldine arutelu]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Txoko]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kahvihuone]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Le Bistro]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Halla baile]] [[he:&#1493;&#1497;&#1511;&#1497;&#1508;&#1491;&#1497;&#1492;:&#1502;&#1494;&#1504;&#1493;&#1503;]] [[hi:&#2357;&#2367;&#2325;&#2367;&#2346;&#2368;&#2337;&#2367;&#2351;&#2366;:&#2327;&#2366;&#2305;&#2357; &#2325;&#2366; &#2346;&#2350;&#2381;&#2346;]] [[hr:Wikipedia:Kafi&#263;]] [[id:Wikipedia:Warung Kopi]] [[is:Wikipedia:Potturinn]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bar]] [[ja:Wikipedia:&#20117;&#25144;&#31471;]] [[ko:&#50948;&#53412;&#48177;&#44284;:&#49324;&#50857;&#51088; &#47784;&#51076;]] [[la:Wikipedia:Taberna]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Kedai Kopi]] [[na:Wikipedia:Tekawa ewak]] [[nah:Wikipedia:Tlatlahtoaloyan]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Ik bruuk hülp]] [[nl:Wikipedia:De kroeg]] [[no:Wikipedia:Vannposten]] [[oc:Oiquipedià:La tavèrna]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Kawiarenka pod Weso&#322;ym Encyklopedyst&#261;]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Esplanada]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cafenea]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Simple talk]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Kr&#269;ma]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Pod lipo]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Kuvendi]] [[sr:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Bybrunnen]] [[zh:Wikipedia:&#20114;&#21161;&#23458;&#26632;]] <div style="width:60%;float:left;"> <div style="border: 1px solid #ffad80; padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; color: #000; background-color: #fff7cb;"> <center>'''[http://www.livejournal.com/community/wikitech/1432.html Pourquoi Wikipédia est parfois siiiiii lent?]''' <small>(englisch)</small></center> </div> </div> <br /> 7151 2005-12-03T22:56:25Z Moyogo 11 libosó <div style="background:#fdf;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2>Informations pour débuter</h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-65px;z-index:3;"> </div> [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|Kotámbola ya libosó]] | [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya mibale|Kotambola ya mibale]] | [[Wikipedia:esika ya komeka|Esika ya komeka]] | [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] | [[Wikipedia:Participer|Participer]] | [[Wikipedia:Bosungi (FAQ)|Bosungi (FAQ)]] | [[Special:Preferences|Mon compte personnel]]</br> '''Envie de participer, mais aucune idée?''' Traduisez un article de la Wikipédia [http://en.Wikipedia.org anglaise] ou [http://fr.Wikipedia.org française]! </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; margin-right:0%; text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; border:1px solid green; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> [[Special:Lonelypages|lonkásá etíké]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Uncategorizedpages|articles sans catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ndambo ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|articles manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Shortpages|articles à prolonger]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Recentchanges|derniers mises à jour]]</div> <div style="width:35%;float:right;"> <div style="background-color:#FCFCFC;"> <h2> Premier Secours </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Firstaid.gif]]</div> * '''[[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|Kotámbola ya libosó]] * '''[[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]]''' * '''[[Wikipedia:Bosungi (FAQ)|Bosungi (FAQ)]]''' </div> <div style="background:def;"> <h2> Elɔkɔ ya sika </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Megaphon.png]]</div> * '''Comment écrire le lingála?''' Notre [[User_talk:Bombo#caract.C3.A8res_sp.C3.A9ciaux|discussion]]. * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wikistats/FR/ChartsWikipediaLN.htm '''Statistiques'''] sur la Wikipédia Lingála (en français) </div> <div style="background:dfe;"> <h2> Participer! </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_mitmache.png]]</div> * '''[[Special:Shortpages|Améliorer]]:''' Liste des articles qui sont encore trop courts. * '''[[Special:Deadendpages|Mettre des liens]]:''' Liste des articles sans liens. * '''[[Special:Wantedpages|Ndambo ya sika]]:''' Liste des articles recherchés. * '''[[Wikipedia:Bosungi (FAQ)|Aider les autres]]:''' Répondre aux qustions de ceux qui sont nouveau ici. * '''[[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|Moyángeli kokóma]]:''' Les administrateurs: .... * '''[[Lonkásá ya libosó]]:''' Qui ser résponsable pour l'article du mois? * '''[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Elɔkɔ ya sika]]:''' Ecrire les nouvelles. * '''Aide-nous à traduire les menus anglais et français en lingala [[Translate:Interface|sur cette page]]!'''. </div> </div> <div style="width:60%;float:left;"> </div><div style="background:#fff;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> {| align="centre" style="background:efd; padding:0px; border:0px solid #000000" |- style="background:efd" ! ''Utiliser les modèles de langue'' |- style="background:efd" | Dans le but de faciliter la communication entre utilisateurs pratiquant différentes langues, ont été créés des '''modèles d'utilisateurs par langue'''. {{babel-3|ln|fr-2|als-1}} La syntaxe de ces modèles est commune pour de nombreux projets Wikimedia tels que [[commons:Commons:Babel|Wikimedia Commons]] ou [[meta:Meta:Babel templates|Meta-Wiki]], leur utilisation en est donc simplifiée. Ils sont à utiliser sur votre page utilisateur, sur laquelle il suffit d'ajouter si par exemple vous êtes trilingue <nowiki>{{babel-3|ln|fr-2|als-1}}</nowiki>, ce qui donnera : La syntaxe détaillée est expliquée [[Wikipédia:Babel|ici]]. |} </div><div style="background:#fed;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Pages de Discussions </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_Kaffee.png]]</div> * '''[[Talk:Lonkásá ya libosó|Lonkásá ya libosó]]:''' Alles wo eu a de «Lonkásá ya libosó» gfallt odr nid gfallt, Änderigsvorschläg, Wünsch für es aktuells Thema etc. [[Talk:Lonkásá ya libosó|Diskutire&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia talk:Community Portal|Community Portal]]:''' ???????????? [[Wikipedia talk:Community Portal|Commentaires&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Diskussion:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]:''' Links i de Navigation hätts en Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Elɔkɔ ya sika / nouvelles]]». Wer wott sich um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Current_events|Bitte mälde&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild|Wikipedia generell]]''': Vor allem Diskussione zur Umstellig vo Elsässerditsch uf Alemannisch. [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] * '''[[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo-Tekscht]]:''' Sinder mit dere Kompromiss-Lösig z’fride? [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Aaluege&nbsp;…]] * '''[[MediaWiki_Discussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|De «Style» vo dr alemannische Wikipedia]]:''' Alles über Layout und Syte-Gestaltig: d’Schriftgrössi, de Hindergrund, d’Farb vo de Links … [[MediaWiki_Diskussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|Vorschläg sammle&nbsp;…]] </div> [[ar:&#1608;&#1610;&#1603;&#1610;&#1576;&#1610;&#1583;&#1610;&#1575;:&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1610;&#1583;&#1575;&#1606;]] [[bg:&#1059;&#1080;&#1082;&#1080;&#1087;&#1077;&#1076;&#1080;&#1103;:&#1056;&#1072;&#1079;&#1075;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;&#1088;&#1080;]] [[ca:Discussió:Portada]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Pod lípou]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Y_Caffi]] [[da:Wikipedia:Landsbybr%F8nden]] [[en:Wikipedia:Village Pump]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babilejo]] [[es:Wikipedia:Café]] [[et:Vikipeedia:üldine arutelu]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Txoko]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kahvihuone]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Le Bistro]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Halla baile]] [[he:&#1493;&#1497;&#1511;&#1497;&#1508;&#1491;&#1497;&#1492;:&#1502;&#1494;&#1504;&#1493;&#1503;]] [[hi:&#2357;&#2367;&#2325;&#2367;&#2346;&#2368;&#2337;&#2367;&#2351;&#2366;:&#2327;&#2366;&#2305;&#2357; &#2325;&#2366; &#2346;&#2350;&#2381;&#2346;]] [[hr:Wikipedia:Kafi&#263;]] [[id:Wikipedia:Warung Kopi]] [[is:Wikipedia:Potturinn]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bar]] [[ja:Wikipedia:&#20117;&#25144;&#31471;]] [[ko:&#50948;&#53412;&#48177;&#44284;:&#49324;&#50857;&#51088; &#47784;&#51076;]] [[la:Wikipedia:Taberna]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Kedai Kopi]] [[na:Wikipedia:Tekawa ewak]] [[nah:Wikipedia:Tlatlahtoaloyan]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Ik bruuk hülp]] [[nl:Wikipedia:De kroeg]] [[no:Wikipedia:Vannposten]] [[oc:Oiquipedià:La tavèrna]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Kawiarenka pod Weso&#322;ym Encyklopedyst&#261;]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Esplanada]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cafenea]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Simple talk]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Kr&#269;ma]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Pod lipo]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Kuvendi]] [[sr:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Bybrunnen]] [[zh:Wikipedia:&#20114;&#21161;&#23458;&#26632;]] <div style="width:60%;float:left;"> <div style="border: 1px solid #ffad80; padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; color: #000; background-color: #fff7cb;"> <center>'''[http://www.livejournal.com/community/wikitech/1432.html Pourquoi Wikipédia est parfois siiiiii lent?]''' <small>(englisch)</small></center> </div> </div> <br /> 7248 2005-12-06T14:28:27Z Bombo 12 [[Wikipedia:Community Portal]] moved to [[Wikipedia:Bísó na bísó]] <div style="background:#fdf;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2>Informations pour débuter</h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-65px;z-index:3;"> </div> [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|Kotámbola ya libosó]] | [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya mibale|Kotambola ya mibale]] | [[Wikipedia:esika ya komeka|Esika ya komeka]] | [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] | [[Wikipedia:Participer|Participer]] | [[Wikipedia:Bosungi (FAQ)|Bosungi (FAQ)]] | [[Special:Preferences|Mon compte personnel]]</br> '''Envie de participer, mais aucune idée?''' Traduisez un article de la Wikipédia [http://en.Wikipedia.org anglaise] ou [http://fr.Wikipedia.org française]! </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; margin-right:0%; text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; border:1px solid green; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> [[Special:Lonelypages|lonkásá etíké]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Uncategorizedpages|articles sans catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ndambo ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|articles manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Shortpages|articles à prolonger]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Recentchanges|derniers mises à jour]]</div> <div style="width:35%;float:right;"> <div style="background-color:#FCFCFC;"> <h2> Premier Secours </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Firstaid.gif]]</div> * '''[[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|Kotámbola ya libosó]] * '''[[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]]''' * '''[[Wikipedia:Bosungi (FAQ)|Bosungi (FAQ)]]''' </div> <div style="background:def;"> <h2> Elɔkɔ ya sika </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Megaphon.png]]</div> * '''Comment écrire le lingála?''' Notre [[User_talk:Bombo#caract.C3.A8res_sp.C3.A9ciaux|discussion]]. * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wikistats/FR/ChartsWikipediaLN.htm '''Statistiques'''] sur la Wikipédia Lingála (en français) </div> <div style="background:dfe;"> <h2> Participer! </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_mitmache.png]]</div> * '''[[Special:Shortpages|Améliorer]]:''' Liste des articles qui sont encore trop courts. * '''[[Special:Deadendpages|Mettre des liens]]:''' Liste des articles sans liens. * '''[[Special:Wantedpages|Ndambo ya sika]]:''' Liste des articles recherchés. * '''[[Wikipedia:Bosungi (FAQ)|Aider les autres]]:''' Répondre aux qustions de ceux qui sont nouveau ici. * '''[[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|Moyángeli kokóma]]:''' Les administrateurs: .... * '''[[Lonkásá ya libosó]]:''' Qui ser résponsable pour l'article du mois? * '''[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Elɔkɔ ya sika]]:''' Ecrire les nouvelles. * '''Aide-nous à traduire les menus anglais et français en lingala [[Translate:Interface|sur cette page]]!'''. </div> </div> <div style="width:60%;float:left;"> </div><div style="background:#fff;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> {| align="centre" style="background:efd; padding:0px; border:0px solid #000000" |- style="background:efd" ! ''Utiliser les modèles de langue'' |- style="background:efd" | Dans le but de faciliter la communication entre utilisateurs pratiquant différentes langues, ont été créés des '''modèles d'utilisateurs par langue'''. {{babel-3|ln|fr-2|als-1}} La syntaxe de ces modèles est commune pour de nombreux projets Wikimedia tels que [[commons:Commons:Babel|Wikimedia Commons]] ou [[meta:Meta:Babel templates|Meta-Wiki]], leur utilisation en est donc simplifiée. Ils sont à utiliser sur votre page utilisateur, sur laquelle il suffit d'ajouter si par exemple vous êtes trilingue <nowiki>{{babel-3|ln|fr-2|als-1}}</nowiki>, ce qui donnera : La syntaxe détaillée est expliquée [[Wikipédia:Babel|ici]]. |} </div><div style="background:#fed;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Pages de Discussions </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_Kaffee.png]]</div> * '''[[Talk:Lonkásá ya libosó|Lonkásá ya libosó]]:''' Alles wo eu a de «Lonkásá ya libosó» gfallt odr nid gfallt, Änderigsvorschläg, Wünsch für es aktuells Thema etc. [[Talk:Lonkásá ya libosó|Diskutire&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia talk:Community Portal|Community Portal]]:''' ???????????? [[Wikipedia talk:Community Portal|Commentaires&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia_Diskussion:Current_events|Aktuelli Mäldige]]:''' Links i de Navigation hätts en Link «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Elɔkɔ ya sika / nouvelles]]». Wer wott sich um die Nachrichte-Syte kümmere, bevor si verkümmeret? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Current_events|Bitte mälde&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild|Wikipedia generell]]''': Vor allem Diskussione zur Umstellig vo Elsässerditsch uf Alemannisch. [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] * '''[[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo-Tekscht]]:''' Sinder mit dere Kompromiss-Lösig z’fride? [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Aaluege&nbsp;…]] * '''[[MediaWiki_Discussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|De «Style» vo dr alemannische Wikipedia]]:''' Alles über Layout und Syte-Gestaltig: d’Schriftgrössi, de Hindergrund, d’Farb vo de Links … [[MediaWiki_Diskussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|Vorschläg sammle&nbsp;…]] </div> [[ar:&#1608;&#1610;&#1603;&#1610;&#1576;&#1610;&#1583;&#1610;&#1575;:&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1610;&#1583;&#1575;&#1606;]] [[bg:&#1059;&#1080;&#1082;&#1080;&#1087;&#1077;&#1076;&#1080;&#1103;:&#1056;&#1072;&#1079;&#1075;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;&#1088;&#1080;]] [[ca:Discussió:Portada]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Pod lípou]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Y_Caffi]] [[da:Wikipedia:Landsbybr%F8nden]] [[en:Wikipedia:Village Pump]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babilejo]] [[es:Wikipedia:Café]] [[et:Vikipeedia:üldine arutelu]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Txoko]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kahvihuone]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Le Bistro]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Halla baile]] [[he:&#1493;&#1497;&#1511;&#1497;&#1508;&#1491;&#1497;&#1492;:&#1502;&#1494;&#1504;&#1493;&#1503;]] [[hi:&#2357;&#2367;&#2325;&#2367;&#2346;&#2368;&#2337;&#2367;&#2351;&#2366;:&#2327;&#2366;&#2305;&#2357; &#2325;&#2366; &#2346;&#2350;&#2381;&#2346;]] [[hr:Wikipedia:Kafi&#263;]] [[id:Wikipedia:Warung Kopi]] [[is:Wikipedia:Potturinn]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bar]] [[ja:Wikipedia:&#20117;&#25144;&#31471;]] [[ko:&#50948;&#53412;&#48177;&#44284;:&#49324;&#50857;&#51088; &#47784;&#51076;]] [[la:Wikipedia:Taberna]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Kedai Kopi]] [[na:Wikipedia:Tekawa ewak]] [[nah:Wikipedia:Tlatlahtoaloyan]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Ik bruuk hülp]] [[nl:Wikipedia:De kroeg]] [[no:Wikipedia:Vannposten]] [[oc:Oiquipedià:La tavèrna]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Kawiarenka pod Weso&#322;ym Encyklopedyst&#261;]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Esplanada]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cafenea]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Simple talk]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Kr&#269;ma]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Pod lipo]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Kuvendi]] [[sr:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Bybrunnen]] [[zh:Wikipedia:&#20114;&#21161;&#23458;&#26632;]] <div style="width:60%;float:left;"> <div style="border: 1px solid #ffad80; padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; color: #000; background-color: #fff7cb;"> <center>'''[http://www.livejournal.com/community/wikitech/1432.html Pourquoi Wikipédia est parfois siiiiii lent?]''' <small>(englisch)</small></center> </div> </div> <br /> 7252 2005-12-06T14:37:14Z Bombo 12 traduction als > fr (but: ln) <div style="background:#fdf;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2>Informations pour débuter</h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-65px;z-index:3;"> </div> [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|Kotámbola ya libosó]] | [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya mibale|Kotambola ya mibale]] | [[Wikipedia:esika ya komeka|Esika ya komeka]] | [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] | [[Wikipedia:Participer|Participer]] | [[Wikipedia:Bosungi (FAQ)|Bosungi (FAQ)]] | [[Special:Preferences|Mon compte personnel]]</br> '''Envie de participer, mais aucune idée?''' Traduisez un article de la Wikipédia [http://en.Wikipedia.org anglaise] ou [http://fr.Wikipedia.org française]! </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; margin-right:0%; text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; border:1px solid green; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> [[Special:Lonelypages|lonkásá etíké]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Uncategorizedpages|articles sans catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ndambo ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|articles manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Shortpages|articles à prolonger]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Recentchanges|derniers mises à jour]]</div> <div style="width:35%;float:right;"> <div style="background-color:#FCFCFC;"> <h2> Premier Secours </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Firstaid.gif]]</div> * '''[[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|Kotámbola ya libosó]] * '''[[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]]''' * '''[[Wikipedia:Bosungi (FAQ)|Bosungi (FAQ)]]''' </div> <div style="background:def;"> <h2> Elɔkɔ ya sika </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Megaphon.png]]</div> * '''Comment écrire le lingála?''' Notre [[User_talk:Bombo#caract.C3.A8res_sp.C3.A9ciaux|discussion]]. * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wikistats/FR/ChartsWikipediaLN.htm '''Statistiques'''] sur la Wikipédia Lingála (en français) </div> <div style="background:dfe;"> <h2> Participer! </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_mitmache.png]]</div> * '''[[Special:Shortpages|Améliorer]]:''' Liste des articles qui sont encore trop courts. * '''[[Special:Deadendpages|Mettre des liens]]:''' Liste des articles sans liens. * '''[[Special:Wantedpages|Ndambo ya sika]]:''' Liste des articles recherchés. * '''[[Wikipedia:Bosungi (FAQ)|Aider les autres]]:''' Répondre aux questions de ceux qui sont nouveau ici. * '''[[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|Moyángeli kokóma]]:''' Les administrateurs: .... * '''[[Lonkásá ya libosó]]:''' Qui ser résponsable pour l'article du mois? * '''[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Elɔkɔ ya sika]]:''' Ecrire les nouvelles. * '''Aide-nous à traduire les menus anglais et français en lingala [[Translate:Interface|sur cette page]]!'''. </div> </div> <div style="width:60%;float:left;"> </div><div style="background:#fff;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> {| align="centre" style="background:efd; padding:0px; border:0px solid #000000" |- style="background:efd" ! ''Utiliser les modèles de langue'' |- style="background:efd" | Dans le but de faciliter la communication entre utilisateurs pratiquant différentes langues, ont été créés des '''modèles d'utilisateurs par langue'''. {{babel-3|ln|fr-2|als-1}} La syntaxe de ces modèles est commune pour de nombreux projets Wikimedia tels que [[commons:Commons:Babel|Wikimedia Commons]] ou [[meta:Meta:Babel templates|Meta-Wiki]], leur utilisation en est donc simplifiée. Ils sont à utiliser sur votre page utilisateur, sur laquelle il suffit d'ajouter si par exemple vous êtes trilingue <nowiki>{{babel-3|ln|fr-2|als-1}}</nowiki>, ce qui donnera : La syntaxe détaillée est expliquée [[Wikipédia:Babel|ici]]. |} </div><div style="background:#fed;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Pages de Discussions </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_Kaffee.png]]</div> * '''[[Talk:Lonkásá ya libosó|Lonkásá ya libosó]]:''' Idées pour améliorer «Lonkásá ya libosó» etc. [[Talk:Lonkásá ya libosó|discuter…]] * '''[[Wikipedia talk:Bísó na bísó|Bísó na bísó]]:''' ???????????? [[Wikipedia talk:Bísó na bísó|Commentaires&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Current_events|Elɔ́kɔ ya sika]]:''' Qui veut être responsabble pour «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Elɔkɔ ya sika]]»? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Current_events|contectez-nous…]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild|Wikipedia generell]]''': Vor allem Diskussione zur Umstellig vo Elsässerditsch uf Alemannisch. [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] * '''[[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo-Tekscht]]:''' Sinder mit dere Kompromiss-Lösig z’fride? [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Aaluege&nbsp;…]] * '''[[MediaWiki_Discussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|De «Style» vo dr alemannische Wikipedia]]:''' Alles über Layout und Syte-Gestaltig: d’Schriftgrössi, de Hindergrund, d’Farb vo de Links … [[MediaWiki_Diskussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|Vorschläg sammle&nbsp;…]] </div> [[ar:&#1608;&#1610;&#1603;&#1610;&#1576;&#1610;&#1583;&#1610;&#1575;:&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1610;&#1583;&#1575;&#1606;]] [[bg:&#1059;&#1080;&#1082;&#1080;&#1087;&#1077;&#1076;&#1080;&#1103;:&#1056;&#1072;&#1079;&#1075;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;&#1088;&#1080;]] [[ca:Discussió:Portada]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Pod lípou]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Y_Caffi]] [[da:Wikipedia:Landsbybr%F8nden]] [[en:Wikipedia:Village Pump]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babilejo]] [[es:Wikipedia:Café]] [[et:Vikipeedia:üldine arutelu]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Txoko]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kahvihuone]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Le Bistro]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Halla baile]] [[he:&#1493;&#1497;&#1511;&#1497;&#1508;&#1491;&#1497;&#1492;:&#1502;&#1494;&#1504;&#1493;&#1503;]] [[hi:&#2357;&#2367;&#2325;&#2367;&#2346;&#2368;&#2337;&#2367;&#2351;&#2366;:&#2327;&#2366;&#2305;&#2357; &#2325;&#2366; &#2346;&#2350;&#2381;&#2346;]] [[hr:Wikipedia:Kafi&#263;]] [[id:Wikipedia:Warung Kopi]] [[is:Wikipedia:Potturinn]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bar]] [[ja:Wikipedia:&#20117;&#25144;&#31471;]] [[ko:&#50948;&#53412;&#48177;&#44284;:&#49324;&#50857;&#51088; &#47784;&#51076;]] [[la:Wikipedia:Taberna]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Kedai Kopi]] [[na:Wikipedia:Tekawa ewak]] [[nah:Wikipedia:Tlatlahtoaloyan]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Ik bruuk hülp]] [[nl:Wikipedia:De kroeg]] [[no:Wikipedia:Vannposten]] [[oc:Oiquipedià:La tavèrna]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Kawiarenka pod Weso&#322;ym Encyklopedyst&#261;]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Esplanada]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cafenea]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Simple talk]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Kr&#269;ma]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Pod lipo]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Kuvendi]] [[sr:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Bybrunnen]] [[zh:Wikipedia:&#20114;&#21161;&#23458;&#26632;]] <div style="width:60%;float:left;"> <div style="border: 1px solid #ffad80; padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; color: #000; background-color: #fff7cb;"> <center>'''[http://www.livejournal.com/community/wikitech/1432.html Pourquoi Wikipédia est parfois siiiiii lent?]''' <small>(englisch)</small></center> </div> </div> <br /> 7407 2005-12-21T11:47:14Z Bombo 12 link Historia ya ln:wiki <div style="background:#fdf;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2>Informations pour débuter</h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-65px;z-index:3;"> </div> [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|Kotámbola ya libosó]] | [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya mibale|Kotambola ya mibale]] | [[Wikipedia:esika ya komeka|Esika ya komeka]] | [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] | [[Wikipedia:Participer|Participer]] | [[Wikipedia:Bosungi (FAQ)|Bosungi (FAQ)]] | [[Special:Preferences|Mon compte personnel]]</br> '''Envie de participer, mais aucune idée?''' Traduisez un article de la Wikipédia [http://en.Wikipedia.org anglaise] ou [http://fr.Wikipedia.org française]! </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; margin-right:0%; text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; border:1px solid green; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> [[Special:Lonelypages|lonkásá etíké]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Uncategorizedpages|articles sans catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ndambo ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|articles manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Shortpages|articles à prolonger]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Recentchanges|derniers mises à jour]]</div> <div style="width:35%;float:right;"> <div style="background-color:#FCFCFC;"> <h2> Premier Secours </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Firstaid.gif]]</div> * '''[[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|Kotámbola ya libosó]] * '''[[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]]''' * '''[[Wikipedia:Bosungi (FAQ)|Bosungi (FAQ)]]''' </div> <div style="background:def;"> <h2> Elɔkɔ ya sika </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Megaphon.png]]</div> * '''Comment écrire le lingála?''' Notre [[User_talk:Bombo#caract.C3.A8res_sp.C3.A9ciaux|discussion]]. * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wikistats/FR/ChartsWikipediaLN.htm '''Statistiques'''] sur la Wikipédia Lingála (en français) </div> <div style="background:dfe;"> <h2> Participer! </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_mitmache.png]]</div> * '''[[Special:Shortpages|Améliorer]]:''' Liste des articles qui sont encore trop courts. * '''[[Special:Deadendpages|Mettre des liens]]:''' Liste des articles sans liens. * '''[[Special:Wantedpages|Ndambo ya sika]]:''' Liste des articles recherchés. * '''[[Wikipedia:Bosungi (FAQ)|Aider les autres]]:''' Répondre aux questions de ceux qui sont nouveau ici. * '''[[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|Moyángeli kokóma]]:''' Les administrateurs: .... * '''[[Lonkásá ya libosó]]:''' Qui ser résponsable pour l'article du mois? * '''[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Elɔkɔ ya sika]]:''' Ecrire les nouvelles. * '''Aide-nous à traduire les menus anglais et français en lingala [[Translate:Interface|sur cette page]]!'''. * '''[[Wikipedia:Bilelemelo|Bilelemelo]]''' Historia ya Wikipedia </div> </div> <div style="width:50%;float:left;"> </div><div style="background:#fff;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> {| align="centre" style="background:efd; padding:0px; border:0px solid #000000" |- style="background:efd" ! ''Utiliser les modèles de langue'' |- style="background:efd" | {{babel-3|ln|fr-2|als-1}} Dans le but de faciliter la communication entre utilisateurs pratiquant différentes langues, ont été créés des '''modèles d'utilisateurs par langue'''. La syntaxe de ces modèles est commune pour de nombreux projets Wikimedia tels que [[commons:Commons:Babel|Wikimedia Commons]] ou [[meta:Meta:Babel templates|Meta-Wiki]], leur utilisation en est donc simplifiée. Ils sont à utiliser sur votre page utilisateur, sur laquelle il suffit d'ajouter si par exemple vous êtes trilingue <nowiki>{{babel-3|ln|fr-2|als-1}}</nowiki>, ce qui donnera : La syntaxe détaillée est expliquée [[Wikipédia:Babel|ici]]. |} <div style="width:50%;float:left;"> </div><div style="background:#fed;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Pages de Discussions </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_Kaffee.png]]</div> * '''[[Talk:Lonkásá ya libosó|Lonkásá ya libosó]]:''' Idées pour améliorer «Lonkásá ya libosó» etc. [[Talk:Lonkásá ya libosó|discuter…]] * '''[[Wikipedia talk:Bísó na bísó|Bísó na bísó]]:''' ???????????? [[Wikipedia talk:Bísó na bísó|Commentaires&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Current_events|Elɔ́kɔ ya sika]]:''' Qui veut être responsabble pour «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Elɔkɔ ya sika]]»? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Current_events|contectez-nous…]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild|Wikipedia generell]]''': Vor allem Diskussione zur Umstellig vo Elsässerditsch uf Alemannisch. [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] * '''[[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo-Tekscht]]:''' Sinder mit dere Kompromiss-Lösig z’fride? [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Aaluege&nbsp;…]] * '''[[MediaWiki_Discussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|De «Style» vo dr alemannische Wikipedia]]:''' Alles über Layout und Syte-Gestaltig: d’Schriftgrössi, de Hindergrund, d’Farb vo de Links … [[MediaWiki_Diskussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|Vorschläg sammle&nbsp;…]] </div> [[ar:&#1608;&#1610;&#1603;&#1610;&#1576;&#1610;&#1583;&#1610;&#1575;:&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1610;&#1583;&#1575;&#1606;]] [[bg:&#1059;&#1080;&#1082;&#1080;&#1087;&#1077;&#1076;&#1080;&#1103;:&#1056;&#1072;&#1079;&#1075;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;&#1088;&#1080;]] [[ca:Discussió:Portada]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Pod lípou]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Y_Caffi]] [[da:Wikipedia:Landsbybr%F8nden]] [[en:Wikipedia:Village Pump]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babilejo]] [[es:Wikipedia:Café]] [[et:Vikipeedia:üldine arutelu]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Txoko]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kahvihuone]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Le Bistro]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Halla baile]] [[he:&#1493;&#1497;&#1511;&#1497;&#1508;&#1491;&#1497;&#1492;:&#1502;&#1494;&#1504;&#1493;&#1503;]] [[hi:&#2357;&#2367;&#2325;&#2367;&#2346;&#2368;&#2337;&#2367;&#2351;&#2366;:&#2327;&#2366;&#2305;&#2357; &#2325;&#2366; &#2346;&#2350;&#2381;&#2346;]] [[hr:Wikipedia:Kafi&#263;]] [[id:Wikipedia:Warung Kopi]] [[is:Wikipedia:Potturinn]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bar]] [[ja:Wikipedia:&#20117;&#25144;&#31471;]] [[ko:&#50948;&#53412;&#48177;&#44284;:&#49324;&#50857;&#51088; &#47784;&#51076;]] [[la:Wikipedia:Taberna]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Kedai Kopi]] [[na:Wikipedia:Tekawa ewak]] [[nah:Wikipedia:Tlatlahtoaloyan]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Ik bruuk hülp]] [[nl:Wikipedia:De kroeg]] [[no:Wikipedia:Vannposten]] [[oc:Oiquipedià:La tavèrna]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Kawiarenka pod Weso&#322;ym Encyklopedyst&#261;]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Esplanada]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cafenea]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Simple talk]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Kr&#269;ma]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Pod lipo]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Kuvendi]] [[sr:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Bybrunnen]] [[zh:Wikipedia:&#20114;&#21161;&#23458;&#26632;]] <div style="width:60%;float:left;"> <div style="border: 1px solid #ffad80; padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; color: #000; background-color: #fff7cb;"> <center>'''[http://www.livejournal.com/community/wikitech/1432.html Pourquoi Wikipédia est parfois siiiiii lent?]''' <small>(englisch)</small></center> </div> </div> <br /> 7409 2005-12-21T12:47:50Z Bombo 12 __NOTOC__ <div style="width:35%;float:right;"> <div style="padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <!--ELOKO YA SIKA--> <div style="background:#def;"> <h2> Elɔkɔ ya sika </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Megaphon.png]]</div> * '''Comment écrire le lingála?''' Notre [[User_talk:Bombo#caract.C3.A8res_sp.C3.A9ciaux|discussion]]. * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wikistats/FR/ChartsWikipediaLN.htm '''Statistiques'''] sur la Wikipédia Lingála (en français) </div> <!--PREMIER SECOURS--> <h2> Premier Secours </h2><div style="float:right; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3; background-color:#FFDEAD;">[[Image:Firstaid.gif]]</div> * '''[[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|Kotámbola ya libosó]] * '''[[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]]''' * '''[[Wikipedia:Bosungi (FAQ)|Bosungi (FAQ)]]''' </div> <!--PARTICIPER--> <div style="background:#dfe;"> <h2> Participer! </h2><div style="float:right; background-color:#FCFCFC; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_Wiki.png]]</div> * '''[[Special:Shortpages|Améliorer]]:''' Liste des articles qui sont encore trop courts. * '''[[Special:Deadendpages|Mettre des liens]]:''' Liste des articles sans liens. * '''[[Special:Wantedpages|Ndambo ya sika]]:''' Liste des articles recherchés. * '''[[Wikipedia:Bosungi (FAQ)|Aider les autres]]:''' Répondre aux questions de ceux qui sont nouveau ici. * '''[[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|Moyángeli kokóma]]:''' Les administrateurs: .... * '''[[Lonkásá ya libosó]]:''' Qui ser résponsable pour l'article du mois? * '''[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Elɔkɔ ya sika]]:''' Ecrire les nouvelles. * '''Aide-nous à traduire les menus anglais et français en lingala [[Translate:Interface|sur cette page]]!'''. * '''[[Wikipedia:Bilelemelo|Bilelemelo]]''' Historia ya Wikipedia </div> </div> <div style="float:left;width:65%;"> <!--DEBUTER--> <div style="background:#fdf;"> <h2>Informations pour débuter</h2><div style="float:left;margin-top:-5px;z-index:3;"> </div> [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|Kotámbola ya libosó]] | [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya mibale|Kotambola ya mibale]] | [[Wikipedia:esika ya komeka|Esika ya komeka]] | [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] | [[Wikipedia:Participer|Participer]] | [[Wikipedia:Bosungi (FAQ)|Bosungi (FAQ)]] | [[Special:Preferences|Mon compte personnel]]</br> '''Envie de participer, mais aucune idée?''' Traduisez un article de la Wikipédia [http://en.Wikipedia.org anglaise] ou [http://fr.Wikipedia.org française]! </div> <!--CATEGORIES--> <div style="margin-top:10px; margin-right:0%; text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; border:1px solid green; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> [[Special:Lonelypages|lonkásá etíké]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Uncategorizedpages|articles sans catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ndambo ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|articles manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Shortpages|articles à prolonger]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Recentchanges|derniers mises à jour]]</div> </div> <div style="background:#fff;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <!--BABEL--> {| align="centre" style="background:#efd; padding:0px; border:0px solid #000000" |- style="background:#efd" ! ''Utiliser les modèles de langue'' |- style="background:#efd" | {{babel-3|ln|fr-2|als-1}} Dans le but de faciliter la communication entre utilisateurs pratiquant différentes langues, ont été créés des '''modèles d'utilisateurs par langue'''. La syntaxe de ces modèles est commune pour de nombreux projets Wikimedia tels que [[commons:Commons:Babel|Wikimedia Commons]] ou [[meta:Meta:Babel templates|Meta-Wiki]], leur utilisation en est donc simplifiée. Ils sont à utiliser sur votre page utilisateur, sur laquelle il suffit d'ajouter si par exemple vous êtes trilingue <nowiki>{{babel-3|ln|fr-2|als-1}}</nowiki>, ce qui donnera : La syntaxe détaillée est expliquée [[Wikipédia:Babel|ici]]. |} <!--NTEMBE--> </div><div style="background:#fed;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <h2> Ntembe </h2><div style="float:right;margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_Kaffee.png]]</div> * '''[[Talk:Lonkásá ya libosó|Lonkásá ya libosó]]:''' Idées pour améliorer «Lonkásá ya libosó» etc. [[Talk:Lonkásá ya libosó|discuter…]] * '''[[Wikipedia talk:Bísó na bísó|Bísó na bísó]]:''' [[Wikipedia talk:Bísó na bísó|Commentaires&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Current_events|Elɔ́kɔ ya sika]]:''' Qui veut être responsabble pour «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Elɔkɔ ya sika]]»? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Current_events|contectez-nous…]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild|Wikipedia generell]]''': Vor allem Diskussione zur Umstellig vo Elsässerditsch uf Alemannisch. [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] * '''[[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo-Tekscht]]:''' Sinder mit dere Kompromiss-Lösig z’fride? [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Aaluege&nbsp;…]] * '''[[MediaWiki_Discussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|De «Style» vo dr alemannische Wikipedia]]:''' Alles über Layout und Syte-Gestaltig: d’Schriftgrössi, de Hindergrund, d’Farb vo de Links … [[MediaWiki_Diskussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|Vorschläg sammle&nbsp;…]] </div> [[ar:&#1608;&#1610;&#1603;&#1610;&#1576;&#1610;&#1583;&#1610;&#1575;:&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1610;&#1583;&#1575;&#1606;]] [[bg:&#1059;&#1080;&#1082;&#1080;&#1087;&#1077;&#1076;&#1080;&#1103;:&#1056;&#1072;&#1079;&#1075;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;&#1088;&#1080;]] [[ca:Discussió:Portada]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Pod lípou]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Y_Caffi]] [[da:Wikipedia:Landsbybr%F8nden]] [[en:Wikipedia:Village Pump]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babilejo]] [[es:Wikipedia:Café]] [[et:Vikipeedia:üldine arutelu]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Txoko]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kahvihuone]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Le Bistro]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Halla baile]] [[he:&#1493;&#1497;&#1511;&#1497;&#1508;&#1491;&#1497;&#1492;:&#1502;&#1494;&#1504;&#1493;&#1503;]] [[hi:&#2357;&#2367;&#2325;&#2367;&#2346;&#2368;&#2337;&#2367;&#2351;&#2366;:&#2327;&#2366;&#2305;&#2357; &#2325;&#2366; &#2346;&#2350;&#2381;&#2346;]] [[hr:Wikipedia:Kafi&#263;]] [[id:Wikipedia:Warung Kopi]] [[is:Wikipedia:Potturinn]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bar]] [[ja:Wikipedia:&#20117;&#25144;&#31471;]] [[ko:&#50948;&#53412;&#48177;&#44284;:&#49324;&#50857;&#51088; &#47784;&#51076;]] [[la:Wikipedia:Taberna]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Kedai Kopi]] [[na:Wikipedia:Tekawa ewak]] [[nah:Wikipedia:Tlatlahtoaloyan]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Ik bruuk hülp]] [[nl:Wikipedia:De kroeg]] [[no:Wikipedia:Vannposten]] [[oc:Oiquipedià:La tavèrna]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Kawiarenka pod Weso&#322;ym Encyklopedyst&#261;]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Esplanada]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cafenea]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Simple talk]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Kr&#269;ma]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Pod lipo]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Kuvendi]] [[sr:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Bybrunnen]] [[zh:Wikipedia:&#20114;&#21161;&#23458;&#26632;]] <div style="border: 1px solid #ffad80; padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; color: #000; background-color: #fff7cb;"> <center>'''[http://www.livejournal.com/community/wikitech/1432.html Pourquoi Wikipédia est parfois siiiiii lent?]''' <small>(englisch)</small></center> </div> </div> <br /> 8352 2006-06-01T16:50:32Z Moyogo 11 {{/Yambo}} {{Lininísa | |logo= |titre = [[Image:Plume ombre.png|35px|kosálisa]] Kosálisa |bord = 111111 |fond = FFFFFF |fond_titre = FFEEAA |align_titre = center |tailleTitre = 150% |partie = /Kosálisa |mod= }} {{Lininísa | |logo= |titre = [[Image:Firstaid.gif|35px|Bosungi]] Bosungi |bord = 111111 |fond = FFFFFF |fond_titre = FFEEAA |align_titre = center |tailleTitre = 150% |partie = /Bosungi |mod= }} {{Lininísa | |logo= |titre = [[Image:Symbol_Kaffee.png|35px|Ntembe]] Ntembe |bord = 111111 |fond = FFFFFF |fond_titre = FFEEAA |align_titre = center |tailleTitre = 150% |partie = /Ntembe |mod= }} <!--CATEGORIES--> <div style="margin-top:10px; margin-right:0%; text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; border:1px solid green; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> [[Special:Lonelypages|lonkásá etíké]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Uncategorizedpages|articles sans catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ndambo ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|articles manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Shortpages|articles à prolonger]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Recentchanges|derniers mises à jour]]</div> </div> <div style="background:#fff;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <!--BABEL--> {| align="centre" style="background:#efd; padding:0px; border:0px solid #000000" |- style="background:#efd" ! ''Utiliser les modèles de langue'' |- style="background:#efd" | {{babel-3|ln|fr-2|als-1}} Dans le but de faciliter la communication entre utilisateurs pratiquant différentes langues, ont été créés des '''modèles d'utilisateurs par langue'''. La syntaxe de ces modèles est commune pour de nombreux projets Wikimedia tels que [[commons:Commons:Babel|Wikimedia Commons]] ou [[meta:Meta:Babel templates|Meta-Wiki]], leur utilisation en est donc simplifiée. Ils sont à utiliser sur votre page utilisateur, sur laquelle il suffit d'ajouter si par exemple vous êtes trilingue <nowiki>{{babel-3|ln|fr-2|als-1}}</nowiki>, ce qui donnera : La syntaxe détaillée est expliquée [[Wikipédia:Babel|ici]]. |} [[af:Wikipedia:Geselshoekie]] [[als:Wikipedia:Ich brauche Hilfe]] [[an:Wikipedia:Tabierna]] [[ang:Wikipedia:Þorpes Wiella]] [[ar:ويكيبيديا:الميدان]] [[ast:Uiquipedia:Chigre]] [[be:Вікіпэдыя:Форум]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Разговори]] [[bm:Wikipedia:Le lavoir]] [[bn:উইকিপিডিয়া:আলোচনা সভা]] [[br:Wikipedia:An ti-chopin]] [[bs:Wikipedia:Čaršija]] [[bug:Wikipedia:Warung Kopi]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:La taverna]] [[chr:ᏫᎩᏇᏗᏯ:ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎾᎿᎢ]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Pod lípou]] [[cv:Википеди:Канашлăв]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Y Caffi]] [[da:Wikipedia:Landsbybrønden]] [[de:Wikipedia:Forum]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια:Αγορά]] [[en:Wikipedia:Village pump]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Diskutejo]] [[es:Wikipedia:Café]] [[et:Vikipeedia:Üldine arutelu]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Txokoa]] [[fa:ویکی‌پدیا:قهوه‌خانه]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kahvihuone]] [[fo:Wikipedia:Undirhúsið]] [[fur:Vichipedie:Ostarie]] [[fy:Wikipedy:Oerlis side]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Halla baile]] [[gd:Wikipedia:Talla a'Bhaile]] [[gl:Wikipedia:A Taberna]] [[gu:વિકિપીડિયા:ચોતરો]] [[he:ויקיפדיה:מזנון]] [[hi:विकिपीडिया:गाँव का पम्प]] [[hr:Wikipedia:Kafić]] [[hu:Wikipédia:Kocsmafal]] [[ia:Wikipedia:Taverna]] [[id:Wikipedia:Warung Kopi]] [[is:Wikipedia:Potturinn]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bar]] [[ja:Wikipedia:井戸端]] [[ka:ვიკიპედია:ყავახანა]] [[ko:위키백과:사랑방]] [[kw:Wikipedia:Porth Kemmynieth]] [[la:Vicipaedia:Taberna]] [[lb:Wikipedia:De Stamminet]] [[li:Wikipedia:De kaffee]] [[lv:Wikipedia:Kopienas portāls]] [[mi:Wikipedia:Kōrero]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Kedai Kopi]] [[mt:Wikipedija:Pjazza]] [[na:Wikipedia:Domaneab]] [[nah:Wikipedia:Tlatlahtoaloyan]] [[nap:Wikipedia:Circolo]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Ik bruuk Hülp]] [[nl:Wikipedia:De kroeg]] [[nn:Wikipedia:Samfunnshuset]] [[no:Wikipedia:Tinget]] [[oc:Oiquipedià:La tavèrna]] [[os:Википеди:Ныхас]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Kawiarenka pod Wesołym Encyklopedystą]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Esplanada]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cafenea]] [[roa-rup:Uichipedia:Fântâna]] [[ru:Википедия:Форум]] [[sc:Wikipedia:Tzilleri]] [[scn:Wikipedia:Circulu]] [[sco:Wikipedia:Mercat Cross]] [[sh:Wikipedia:Pijaca-Пијаца]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Simple talk]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Krčma]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Pod lipo]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Kuvendi]] [[sr:Википедија:Трг]] [[su:Wikipédia:Padungdengan]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Bybrunnen]] [[sw:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] [[ta:விக்கிபீடியா:ஆலமரத்தடி]] [[th:วิกิพีเดีย:สภากาแฟ]] [[tl:Wikipedia:Kapihan]] [[tr:Vikipedi:Köy çeşmesi]] [[tt:Wikipedia:Bäxäslek]] [[uk:Вікіпедія:Кнайпа]] [[vec:Wikipedia:Ciacołe]] [[vi:Wikipedia:Thảo luận]] [[wa:Wikipedia:Cåbaret]] [[zh:Wikipedia:互助客栈]] [[zh-min-nan:Wikipedia:Chhiū-á-kha]] </div> <br /> 8485 2006-06-28T11:30:28Z Bombo 12 link {{/Yambo}} {{Lininísa | |logo= |titre = [[Image:Plume ombre.png|35px|kosálisa]] Kosálisa |bord = 111111 |fond = FFFFFF |fond_titre = FFEEAA |align_titre = center |tailleTitre = 150% |partie = /Kosálisa |mod= }} {{Lininísa | |logo= |titre = [[Image:Firstaid.gif|35px|Bosungi]] Bosungi |bord = 111111 |fond = FFFFFF |fond_titre = FFEEAA |align_titre = center |tailleTitre = 150% |partie = /Bosungi |mod= }} {{Lininísa | |logo= |titre = [[Image:Symbol_Kaffee.png|35px|Ntembe]] Ntembe |bord = 111111 |fond = FFFFFF |fond_titre = FFEEAA |align_titre = center |tailleTitre = 150% |partie = /Ntembe |mod= }} <!--CATEGORIES--> <div style="margin-top:10px; margin-right:0%; text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; border:1px solid green; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> [[Special:Lonelypages|lonkásá etíké]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Uncategorizedpages|articles sans catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ndambo ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|articles manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Shortpages|articles à prolonger]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Recentchanges|derniers mises à jour]]</div> </div> <div style="background:#fff;padding:1em; margin:1em 0.5em;"> <!--BABEL--> {| align="centre" style="background:#efd; padding:0px; border:0px solid #000000" |- style="background:#efd" ! ''Utiliser les modèles de langue'' |- style="background:#efd" | {{babel-3|ln|fr-2|als-1}} Dans le but de faciliter la communication entre utilisateurs pratiquant différentes langues, ont été créés des '''modèles d'utilisateurs par langue'''. La syntaxe de ces modèles est commune pour de nombreux projets Wikimedia tels que [[commons:Commons:Babel|Wikimedia Commons]] ou [[meta:Meta:Babel templates|Meta-Wiki]], leur utilisation en est donc simplifiée. Ils sont à utiliser sur votre page utilisateur, sur laquelle il suffit d'ajouter si par exemple vous êtes trilingue <nowiki>{{babel-3|ln|fr-2|als-1}}</nowiki>, ce qui donnera : La syntaxe détaillée est expliquée [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipédia:Babel ici] (falansé). |} [[af:Wikipedia:Geselshoekie]] [[als:Wikipedia:Ich brauche Hilfe]] [[an:Wikipedia:Tabierna]] [[ang:Wikipedia:Þorpes Wiella]] [[ar:ويكيبيديا:الميدان]] [[ast:Uiquipedia:Chigre]] [[be:Вікіпэдыя:Форум]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Разговори]] [[bm:Wikipedia:Le lavoir]] [[bn:উইকিপিডিয়া:আলোচনা সভা]] [[br:Wikipedia:An ti-chopin]] [[bs:Wikipedia:Čaršija]] [[bug:Wikipedia:Warung Kopi]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:La taverna]] [[chr:ᏫᎩᏇᏗᏯ:ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎾᎿᎢ]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Pod lípou]] [[cv:Википеди:Канашлăв]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Y Caffi]] [[da:Wikipedia:Landsbybrønden]] [[de:Wikipedia:Forum]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια:Αγορά]] [[en:Wikipedia:Village pump]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Diskutejo]] [[es:Wikipedia:Café]] [[et:Vikipeedia:Üldine arutelu]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Txokoa]] [[fa:ویکی‌پدیا:قهوه‌خانه]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kahvihuone]] [[fo:Wikipedia:Undirhúsið]] [[fur:Vichipedie:Ostarie]] [[fy:Wikipedy:Oerlis side]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Halla baile]] [[gd:Wikipedia:Talla a'Bhaile]] [[gl:Wikipedia:A Taberna]] [[gu:વિકિપીડિયા:ચોતરો]] [[he:ויקיפדיה:מזנון]] [[hi:विकिपीडिया:गाँव का पम्प]] [[hr:Wikipedia:Kafić]] [[hu:Wikipédia:Kocsmafal]] [[ia:Wikipedia:Taverna]] [[id:Wikipedia:Warung Kopi]] [[is:Wikipedia:Potturinn]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bar]] [[ja:Wikipedia:井戸端]] [[ka:ვიკიპედია:ყავახანა]] [[ko:위키백과:사랑방]] [[kw:Wikipedia:Porth Kemmynieth]] [[la:Vicipaedia:Taberna]] [[lb:Wikipedia:De Stamminet]] [[li:Wikipedia:De kaffee]] [[lv:Wikipedia:Kopienas portāls]] [[mi:Wikipedia:Kōrero]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Kedai Kopi]] [[mt:Wikipedija:Pjazza]] [[na:Wikipedia:Domaneab]] [[nah:Wikipedia:Tlatlahtoaloyan]] [[nap:Wikipedia:Circolo]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Ik bruuk Hülp]] [[nl:Wikipedia:De kroeg]] [[nn:Wikipedia:Samfunnshuset]] [[no:Wikipedia:Tinget]] [[oc:Oiquipedià:La tavèrna]] [[os:Википеди:Ныхас]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Kawiarenka pod Wesołym Encyklopedystą]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Esplanada]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cafenea]] [[roa-rup:Uichipedia:Fântâna]] [[ru:Википедия:Форум]] [[sc:Wikipedia:Tzilleri]] [[scn:Wikipedia:Circulu]] [[sco:Wikipedia:Mercat Cross]] [[sh:Wikipedia:Pijaca-Пијаца]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Simple talk]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Krčma]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Pod lipo]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Kuvendi]] [[sr:Википедија:Трг]] [[su:Wikipédia:Padungdengan]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Bybrunnen]] [[sw:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] [[ta:விக்கிபீடியா:ஆலமரத்தடி]] [[th:วิกิพีเดีย:สภากาแฟ]] [[tl:Wikipedia:Kapihan]] [[tr:Vikipedi:Köy çeşmesi]] [[tt:Wikipedia:Bäxäslek]] [[uk:Вікіпедія:Кнайпа]] [[vec:Wikipedia:Ciacołe]] [[vi:Wikipedia:Thảo luận]] [[wa:Wikipedia:Cåbaret]] [[zh:Wikipedia:互助客栈]] [[zh-min-nan:Wikipedia:Chhiū-á-kha]] </div> <br /> User:Bombo 1026 2196 2005-01-24T00:34:54Z Bombo 12 Bombo 2197 2005-01-26T11:19:35Z Bombo 12 Bombo a demandé d'être [[administrator]] 2218 2005-01-26T11:21:25Z Bombo 12 Bombo a demandé d'être [[Wikipedia:Administrator]] 2258 2005-01-27T12:50:31Z Bombo 12 Bombo * a demandé d'être [[Wikipedia:Administrator]] * réponds volontier en français, anglais, italien, allemand, alémanique 2259 2005-02-07T19:26:22Z Bombo 12 Bombo * a demandé d'être [[Wikipedia:Administrator]] * réponds volontier en français, anglais, italien, allemand, alémanique '''Si vous accepter de traduire du français en lingala pour le progrès et la future gloire de la première encyclopaedie en lingala, contactez-moi par la DISCUSSION sur cette page. Je vous réponderais le plus vite possible, soit sur ma page de discussion, soit sur la vôtre.''' 2260 2005-02-07T19:26:53Z Bombo 12 Bombo * a demandé d'être [[Wikipedia:Administrator]] * réponds volontier en français, anglais, italien, allemand, alémanique '''Si vous accepter de traduire du français en lingala pour le progrès et la future gloire de la première encyclopaedie en lingala, contactez-moi par la DISCUSSION sur cette page. Je vous réponderais le plus vite possible, soit sur ma page de discussion, soit sur la vôtre.''' N'oubliez pas de signer. Merci. 2318 2005-02-07T19:28:56Z Bombo 12 Bombo * a demandé d'être [[Wikipedia:Administrator]] * répond volontier en français, anglais, italien, allemand, alémanique * est à disposition pour toute aide, ayant de l'expérience sur de.wikipedia.org et als.wikipedia.org '''Si vous accepter de traduire du français en lingala pour le progrès et la future gloire de la première encyclopaedie en lingala, contactez-moi par la DISCUSSION sur cette page. Je vous réponderais le plus vite possible, soit sur ma page de discussion, soit sur la vôtre.''' N'oubliez pas de signer. Merci. 2319 2005-03-06T01:16:15Z Bombo 12 Bombo * a demandé d'être [[Wikipedia:Administrator]] * répond volontier en français, anglais, italien, allemand, alémanique * est à disposition pour toute aide, ayant de l'expérience sur de.wikipedia.org et als.wikipedia.org '''Si vous accepter de traduire du français en lingala pour le progrès et la future gloire de la première encyclopaedie en lingala, contactez-moi par la DISCUSSION sur cette page. Je vous réponderais le plus vite possible, soit sur ma page de discussion, soit sur la vôtre.''' N'oubliez pas de signer. Merci. [[politiki]] 2369 2005-03-06T01:59:06Z Bombo 12 Bombo * a demandé d'être [[Wikipedia:Administrator]] * répond volontier en français, anglais, italien, allemand, alémanique * est à disposition pour toute aide, ayant de l'expérience sur de.wikipedia.org et als.wikipedia.org '''Si vous accepter de traduire du français en lingala pour le progrès et la future gloire de la première encyclopaedie en lingala, contactez-moi par la DISCUSSION sur cette page. Je vous réponderais le plus vite possible, soit sur ma page de discussion, soit sur la vôtre.''' N'oubliez pas de signer. Merci. 2422 2005-03-07T22:47:35Z Bombo 12 Bombo * a demandé d'être [[Wikipedia:Administrator]] * répond volontier en français, anglais, italien, allemand, alémanique * est à disposition pour toute aide, ayant de l'expérience sur de.wikipedia.org et als.wikipedia.org '''Si vous accepter de traduire du français en lingala pour le progrès et la future gloire de la première encyclopaedie en lingala, contactez-moi par la DISCUSSION sur cette page. Je vous réponderais le plus vite possible, soit sur ma page de discussion, soit sur la vôtre.''' N'oubliez pas de signer. Merci. [[bokɔnɔ]] 2451 2005-03-13T08:55:57Z Bombo 12 Bombo * a demandé d'être [[Wikipedia:Administrator]] * répond volontier en français, anglais, italien, allemand, alémanique * est à disposition pour toute aide, ayant de l'expérience sur de.wikipedia.org et als.wikipedia.org '''Si vous accepter de traduire du français en lingala pour le progrès et la future gloire de la première encyclopaedie en lingala, contactez-moi par la DISCUSSION sur cette page. Je vous réponderais le plus vite possible, soit sur ma page de discussion, soit sur la vôtre.''' N'oubliez pas de signer. Merci. [[bokɔnɔ]] [[Radio Okapi]] 2574 2005-03-18T21:31:46Z Bombo 12 Bombo * a demandé d'être [[Wikipedia:Administrator]] * répond volontier en français, anglais, italien, allemand, alémanique * est à disposition pour toute aide, ayant de l'expérience sur de.wikipedia.org et als.wikipedia.org '''Si vous accepter de traduire du français en lingala pour le progrès et la future gloire de la première encyclopaedie en lingala, contactez-moi par la DISCUSSION sur cette page. Je vous réponderais le plus vite possible, soit sur ma page de discussion, soit sur la vôtre.''' N'oubliez pas de signer. Merci. [[bokɔnɔ]] [[Radio Okapi]] [[Wikipedia:Bontoma (Ambassade)]] 4594 2005-04-06T20:53:47Z Bombo 12 Bombo * a demandé d'être [[Wikipedia:Administrator]] * répond volontier en français, anglais, italien, allemand, alémanique * est à disposition pour toute aide, ayant de l'expérience sur de.wikipedia.org et als.wikipedia.org '''Si vous accepter de traduire du français en lingala pour le progrès et la future gloire de la première encyclopaedie en lingala, contactez-moi par la DISCUSSION sur cette page. Je vous réponderais le plus vite possible, soit sur ma page de discussion, soit sur la vôtre.''' N'oubliez pas de signer. Merci. [[bokɔnɔ]] [[Radio Okapi]] [[Wikipedia:Bontoma (Ambassade)]] [[nüüt]] 5459 2005-07-21T15:10:49Z Bombo 12 Bombo * a demandé d'être [[Wikipedia:Administrator]] * répond volontier en français, anglais, italien, allemand, alémanique * est à disposition pour toute aide, ayant de l'expérience sur de.wikipedia.org et als.wikipedia.org '''Si vous accepter de traduire du français en lingala pour le progrès et la future gloire de la première encyclopaedie en lingala, contactez-moi par la DISCUSSION sur cette page. Je vous réponderais le plus vite possible, soit sur ma page de discussion, soit sur la vôtre.''' N'oubliez pas de signer. Merci. {{Babel-6|als|de-3|fr-3|en-2|it-1|ln-0}} [[bokɔnɔ]] [[Radio Okapi]] [[Wikipedia:Bontoma (Ambassade)]] [[nüüt]] 6050 2005-09-01T14:59:47Z Bombo 12 Bombo * a demandé d'être [[Wikipedia:Administrator]] * répond volontier en français, anglais, italien, allemand, alémanique * est à disposition pour toute aide, ayant de l'expérience sur de.wikipedia.org et als.wikipedia.org '''Si vous accepter de traduire du français en lingala pour le progrès et la future gloire de la première encyclopaedie en lingala, contactez-moi par la DISCUSSION sur cette page. Je vous réponderais le plus vite possible, soit sur ma page de discussion, soit sur la vôtre.''' N'oubliez pas de signer. Merci. {{Babel-6|als|de-3|fr-3|en-2|it-1|ln-0}} [[bokɔnɔ]] [[Radio Okapi]] [[Wikipedia:Bontoma (Ambassade)]] [[nüüt]] [[Mobateli ya BCG]] 6327 2005-09-27T13:16:01Z Bombo 12 Bombo * a demandé d'être [[Wikipedia:Administrator]] * répond volontier en français, anglais, italien, allemand, alémanique * est à disposition pour toute aide, ayant de l'expérience sur de.wikipedia.org et als.wikipedia.org '''Si vous accepter de traduire du français en lingala pour le progrès et la future gloire de la première encyclopaedie en lingala, contactez-moi par la DISCUSSION sur cette page. Je vous réponderais le plus vite possible, soit sur ma page de discussion, soit sur la vôtre.''' N'oubliez pas de signer. Merci. {{Babel-6|als|de-3|fr-3|en-2|it-1|ln-0}} [[bokɔnɔ]] [[Radio Okapi]] [[Wikipedia:Bontoma (Ambassade)]] [[Lazariste]] [[Mobateli ya BCG]] 6481 2005-10-13T16:21:24Z Bombo 12 Bombo * a demandé d'être [[Wikipedia:Administrator]] * répond volontier en français, anglais, italien, allemand, alémanique * est à disposition pour toute aide, ayant de l'expérience sur de.wikipedia.org et als.wikipedia.org '''Si vous accepter de traduire du français en lingala pour le progrès et la future gloire de la première encyclopaedie en lingala, contactez-moi par la DISCUSSION sur cette page. Je vous réponderais le plus vite possible, soit sur ma page de discussion, soit sur la vôtre.''' N'oubliez pas de signer. Merci. {{Babel-6|als|de-3|fr-3|en-2|it-1|ln-0}} [[bokɔnɔ]] [[Radio Okapi]] [[Wikipedia:Bontoma (Ambassade)]] [[Ndenge ya Misala]] [[Mobateli ya BCG]] 6506 2005-10-14T11:22:24Z Bombo 12 Bombo * a demandé d'être [[Wikipedia:Administrator]] * répond volontier en français, anglais, italien, allemand, alémanique * est à disposition pour toute aide, ayant de l'expérience sur de.wikipedia.org et als.wikipedia.org '''Si vous accepter de traduire du français en lingala pour le progrès et la future gloire de la première encyclopaedie en lingala, contactez-moi par la DISCUSSION sur cette page. Je vous réponderais le plus vite possible, soit sur ma page de discussion, soit sur la vôtre.''' N'oubliez pas de signer. Merci. {{Babel-6|als|de-3|fr-3|en-2|it-1|ln-0}} [[bokɔnɔ]] [[Radio Okapi]] [[Wikipedia:Bontoma (Ambassade)]] [[Ndenge ya Misala]] [[Liboke ya Congo]] 6951 2005-11-21T11:10:55Z Bombo 12 {{Babel-6|als|de-3|fr-3|en-2|it-1|ln-0}} Bombo * [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|Moyángeli]] * répond volontier en français, anglais, italien, allemand, alémanique * est à disposition pour toute aide, ayant de l'expérience sur de.wikipedia.org et als.wikipedia.org '''Si vous accepter de traduire du français en lingála pour le progrès et la future gloire de la première encyclopaedie en lingála, contactez-moi par la DISCUSSION sur cette page. Je vous réponderais le plus vite possible, soit sur ma page de discussion, soit sur la vôtre.''' N'oubliez pas de signer. Merci. [[bokɔnɔ]] [[Radio Okapi]] [[Wikipedia:Bontoma (Ambassade)]] [[Ndenge ya Misala]] [[Liboke ya Congo]] {{Encyclopédie}} 7366 2005-12-14T10:19:45Z Bombo 12 {{Babel-6|als|de-3|fr-3|en-2|it-1|ln-0}} Bombo * [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|Moyángeli]] * répond volontier en français, anglais, italien, allemand, alémanique * est à disposition pour toute aide, ayant de l'expérience sur de.wikipedia.org et als.wikipedia.org '''Si vous accepter de traduire du français en lingála pour le progrès et la future gloire de la première encyclopaedie en lingála, contactez-moi par la DISCUSSION sur cette page. Je vous réponderais le plus vite possible, soit sur ma page de discussion, soit sur la vôtre.''' N'oubliez pas de signer. Merci. [[bokɔnɔ]] [[Radio Okapi]] [[Wikipedia:Bontoma (Ambassade)]] [[Ndenge ya Misala]] [[Liboke ya Congo]] [[User:Bombo/Meilensteine]] {{Encyclopédie}} 7398 2005-12-20T09:49:44Z Bombo 12 interwiki {{Babel-6|als|de-3|fr-3|en-2|it-1|ln-0}} Bombo * [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|Moyángeli]] * répond volontier en français, anglais, italien, allemand, alémanique * est à disposition pour toute aide, ayant de l'expérience sur de.wikipedia.org et als.wikipedia.org '''Si vous accepter de traduire du français en lingála pour le progrès et la future gloire de la première encyclopaedie en lingála, contactez-moi par la DISCUSSION sur cette page. Je vous réponderais le plus vite possible, soit sur ma page de discussion, soit sur la vôtre.''' N'oubliez pas de signer. Merci. [[bokɔnɔ]] [[Radio Okapi]] [[Wikipedia:Bontoma (Ambassade)]] [[Ndenge ya Misala]] [[Liboke ya Congo]] [[User:Bombo/Meilensteine]] {{Encyclopédie}} [[als:Benutzer:Eruedin]] [[commons:User:Eruedin]] [[de:Benutzer:Eruedin]] 7399 2005-12-20T09:50:43Z Bombo 12 interwiki {{Babel-6|als|de-3|fr-3|en-3|it-1|ln-0}} Bombo * [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|Moyángeli]] * répond volontier en français, anglais, italien, allemand, alémanique * est à disposition pour toute aide, ayant de l'expérience sur de.wikipedia.org et als.wikipedia.org '''Si vous accepter de traduire du français en lingála pour le progrès et la future gloire de la première encyclopaedie en lingála, contactez-moi par la DISCUSSION sur cette page. Je vous réponderais le plus vite possible, soit sur ma page de discussion, soit sur la vôtre.''' N'oubliez pas de signer. Merci. [[bokɔnɔ]] [[Radio Okapi]] [[Wikipedia:Bontoma (Ambassade)]] [[Ndenge ya Misala]] [[Liboke ya Congo]] [[User:Bombo/Meilensteine]] {{Encyclopédie}} [[als:Benutzer:Eruedin]] [[de:Benutzer:Eruedin]] 7655 2006-02-01T14:03:29Z Bombo 12 {{Babel-6|als|de-3|fr-3|en-3|it-1|ln-0}} Bombo * [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|Moyángeli]] * répond volontier en français, anglais, italien, allemand, alémanique * est à disposition pour toute aide, ayant de l'expérience sur de.wikipedia.org et als.wikipedia.org '''Si vous accepter de traduire du français en lingála pour le progrès et la future gloire de la première encyclopaedie en lingála, contactez-moi par la DISCUSSION sur cette page. Je vous réponderais le plus vite possible, soit sur ma page de discussion, soit sur la vôtre.''' N'oubliez pas de signer. Merci. [[bokɔnɔ]] [[Radio Okapi]] [[Wikipedia:Bontoma (Ambassade)]] [[Ndenge ya Misala]] [[Liboke ya Congo]] [[User:Bombo/Meilensteine]] [[als:Benutzer:Eruedin]] [[de:Benutzer:Eruedin]] 8474 2006-06-25T18:43:30Z Bombo 12 {{Babel-6|als|de-3|fr-3|en-3|it-1|ln-0}} Bombo * [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|Moyángeli]] * répond volontier en français, anglais, italien, allemand, alémanique * est à disposition pour toute aide, ayant de l'expérience sur de.wikipedia.org et als.wikipedia.org '''Si vous accepter de traduire du français en lingála pour le progrès et la future gloire de la première encyclopaedie en lingála, contactez-moi par la DISCUSSION sur cette page. Je vous réponderais le plus vite possible, soit sur ma page de discussion, soit sur la vôtre.''' N'oubliez pas de signer. Merci. [[bokɔnɔ]] [[Radio Okapi]] [[Wikipedia:Bontoma (Ambassade)]] [[Ndenge ya Misala]] [[Liboke ya Congo]] [[Wikipedia:Bilelemelo|Bilelemelo/Meilensteine]] [[Grippe ya ndeke]] [[als:Benutzer:Eruedin]] [[de:Benutzer:Eruedin]] 9186 2006-08-28T18:46:04Z Bombo 12 de-4 {{Babel-6|als|de-4|fr-3|en-3|it-1|ln-0}} Bombo * [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|Moyángeli]] * répond volontier en français, anglais, italien, allemand, alémanique * est à disposition pour toute aide, ayant de l'expérience sur de.wikipedia.org et als.wikipedia.org '''Si vous accepter de traduire du français en lingála pour le progrès et la future gloire de la première encyclopaedie en lingála, contactez-moi par la DISCUSSION sur cette page. Je vous réponderais le plus vite possible, soit sur ma page de discussion, soit sur la vôtre.''' N'oubliez pas de signer. Merci. [[bokɔnɔ]] [[Radio Okapi]] [[Wikipedia:Bontoma (Ambassade)]] [[Ndenge ya Misala]] [[Liboke ya Congo]] [[Wikipedia:Bilelemelo|Bilelemelo/Meilensteine]] [[Grippe ya ndeke]] [[als:Benutzer:Eruedin]] [[de:Benutzer:Eruedin]] 9208 2006-08-30T22:56:14Z Bombo 12 {{Babel-6|als|de-4|fr-3|en-3|it-1|ln-0}} Bombo * [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|Moyángeli]] * répond volontier en français, anglais, italien, allemand, alémanique * est à disposition pour toute aide, ayant de l'expérience sur de.wikipedia.org et als.wikipedia.org '''Si vous accepter de traduire du français en lingála pour le progrès et la future gloire de la première encyclopaedie en lingála, contactez-moi par la DISCUSSION sur cette page. Je vous réponderais le plus vite possible, soit sur ma page de discussion, soit sur la vôtre.''' N'oubliez pas de signer. Merci. [[bokɔnɔ]] [[Radio Okapi]] [[Wikipedia:Bontoma (Ambassade)]] [[Ndenge ya Misala]] [[Liboke ya Congo]] [[Wikipedia:Bilelemelo|Bilelemelo/Meilensteine]] [[Grippe ya ndeke]] [[User:Jon Harald Søby]] Steward from Wikimedia Foundation; [[User:Richie]] Adimistrator from Commons; [[als:Benutzer:Eruedin]] [[de:Benutzer:Eruedin]] 9385 2006-09-28T12:38:44Z Bombo 12 {{Babel-6|als|de-4|fr-3|en-3|it-1|ln-0}} Bombo * [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|Moyángeli]] * répond volontier en français, anglais, italien, allemand, alémanique * est à disposition pour toute aide, ayant de l'expérience sur de.wikipedia.org et als.wikipedia.org '''Si vous accepter de traduire du français en lingála pour le progrès et la future gloire de la première encyclopaedie en lingála, contactez-moi par la DISCUSSION sur cette page. Je vous réponderais le plus vite possible, soit sur ma page de discussion, soit sur la vôtre.''' N'oubliez pas de signer. Merci. [[bokɔnɔ]] [[Radio Okapi]] [[Wikipedia:Bontoma (Ambassade)]] [[Ndenge ya Misala]] [[Liboke ya Congo]] [[Wikipedia:Bilelemelo|Bilelemelo/Meilensteine]] [[Grippe ya ndeke]] [[Template:Nkásá ya sika]] [[User:Jon Harald Søby]] Steward from Wikimedia Foundation; [[User:Richie]] Adimistrator from Commons; [[als:Benutzer:Eruedin]] [[de:Benutzer:Eruedin]] Wikipedia:Foire aux question 1027 4595 2005-01-24T00:36:37Z Bombo 12 nmbnmb vbnmvbnmvbm Wikipedia:Moyángeli 1028 2198 2005-01-26T11:23:54Z Bombo 12 '''Cet article n'est pas encore traduit en lingala. S'il vous plaît, traduisez un paragraphe, si vous pouvez. Merci!''' Cet article a pour but de décrire tout le statut d' '''administrateur''' (aussi nommé sysop) de la '''Wikipédia lingala'''. Pour consulter la liste des admins, voir Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs. Note : il existe aussi un statut de développeur qui inclut pour l'instant les droits d'administrateur. Sommaire [affichermasquer] 1 Pourquoi des administrateurs ? 2 Ce que peut faire un administrateur 3 Droits et devoirs 3.1 Limitations 4 Modalités d'accès au statut 5 Conséquences d'un abus de pouvoir 6 Demande de sanction contre l'administrateur Jyp 7 Propositions de candidature en cours 7.1 Meanos 7.1.1 Pour 7.1.2 Contre 7.1.3 Abstention 7.2 Hégésippe Cormier 7.2.1 Pour 7.2.2 Contre 7.2.3 Abstention 8 Commentaires 9 Querelles personnelles et votes 9.1 Archeos 9.1.1 Pour 9.1.2 Contre 9.1.3 Neutre 10 Autres liens [modifier] Pourquoi des administrateurs ? Assurer la maintenance d'un site comme Wikipédia où tout visiteur peut modifier la quasi-totalité des pages nécessite des outils puissants permettant, par exemple, de réparer des erreurs, d'effacer des pages non pertinentes, de bloquer temporairement des pages ou des vandales. Pour des raisons évidentes de sécurité, de tels outils ne peuvent être mis à la disposition de tous. C'est pourquoi le statut d'administrateur existe. Il est attribué à des contributeurs de Wikipédia qui en font la demande et en qui la communauté donne sa confiance. Voir Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs. [modifier] Ce que peut faire un administrateur Les administrateurs ont accès à des fonctionnalités supplémentaires sur Wikipédia. Ils peuvent : protéger et déprotéger des pages ainsi qu'éditer les pages protégées. Pour plus d'informations, voir Wikipédia:Page protégée; supprimer des pages et leur historique. Pour plus d'information, voir Wikipedia:Pages à supprimer; consulter et restaurer les pages supprimées par un autre administrateur en regardant dans les archives seulement accessibles aux administrateurs; bloquer des adresses IP (voir Wikipédia:Blocage) et des utilisateurs enregistrés; éditer les messages de l'interface grâce à l'espace MediaWiki; faire des requêtes directes sur la base de données (voir Wikipédia:Requêtes SQL (ou Database queries) (fonction actuellement désactivée); Ce que ne peut pas faire un administrateur Un administrateur ne dispose pas d'informations supplémentaires, telles que les adresses IP ou courriel d'un utilisateur. [modifier] Droits et devoirs Le devoir d'un administrateur est d'exécuter les décisions que la communauté (dont il fait partie) a prises. En tant qu'éditeur, un administrateur a les mêmes droits et devoirs que tous les utilisateurs de Wikipédia : participer aux articles qui l'intéressent ; répondre aux questions dans la mesure de ses moyens ; souhaiter la bienvenue aux nouveaux ; faire un peu de nettoyage (comme par exemple dans le bistro) ; vérifier que les articles et les images ne sont pas sous copyright ; effacer le contenu considéré comme vandalisme (en vidant la page). En aucun cas un administrateur n'a davantage de pouvoir que les non administrateurs en matières de création, d'édition, de forme, de contenu, de ligne directrice. Un administrateur doit être au service d'une meilleure fluidité de fonctionnement des pages et de leurs rapports entre elles et a un rôle de protecteur de l'information contre le vandalisme. Contrairement à ce que beaucoup de personnes croient, le nettoyage, la vérification de copyright et la suppression de vandalisme ne sont ni un privilège, ni une obligation des administrateurs. Tout le monde peut le faire et tout le monde a le droit de ne pas le faire. [modifier] Limitations Un administrateur doit toujours demander la permission de la communauté avant d'utiliser les fonctionnalités supplémentaires dont il dispose. En aucun cas, il ne doit : bloquer une page sur laquelle il est en conflit d'édition avec d'autres contributeurs ; bloquer un utilisateur sans passer par la procédure habituelle sur Wikipédia:Vandalisme en cours ; effacer une page sans l'avoir préalablement listée sur la page Wikipédia:Pages à supprimer ; Voir : Wikipédia:Administrateur/Règlement Exception est faite des petits vandalismes (une personne crée une page pour passer un coucou) que les utilisateurs non administrateurs doivent vider et qu'un administrateur peut effacer sans passer par la page Wikipédia:Pages à supprimer. Cela ne concerne que les pages ne contenant aucune information pertinente pour l'encyclopédie. Les ébauches signalées ne doivent en aucun cas être effacées sans préavis. [modifier] Modalités d'accès au statut Important : Les modalités de nomination des administrateurs, ainsi que leurs devoirs, sont en cours de discussion sur la page Wikipédia:Prise de décision/Administrateur. Venez vous exprimer. Les points suivants ont été votés : Déclaration de la candidature : La candidature se fera sur la page Wikipédia:Administrateur et sera relayée au Bistro et sur la liste de diffusion francophone (wikifr-l@wikipedia.org). cf. Archive (http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Prise_de_d%C3%A9cision/Administrateur&amp;amp;oldid=343766#Déclaration_de_la_candidature) Durée du statut d'administrateur Il n'y a pas de limite temporelle à l'exercice de la fonction d'administrateur. La perte du statut se fera donc au cas par cas. cf.Archive (http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Prise_de_d%C3%A9cision/Administrateur&amp;oldid=358004) Destitution : Un administrateur est autorisé à demander sa destitution. cf. Archive (http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Prise_de_d%C3%A9cision/Administrateur&amp;oldid=343766) [modifier] Conséquences d'un abus de pouvoir Un abus de pouvoir de la part d'un administrateur est une utilisation malhonnête des outils de maintenance qui sont à sa disposition (voir #Ce que peut faire un administrateur) en dehors des cas permis (voir #Limitations). Si vous pensez rencontrer ce genre d'abus, listez-les ci-dessous en proposant la sanction qui devrait selon vous être appliquée. Si possible, indiquez une URL par exemple de modification de page prouvant un abus. Voir Wikipédia:Prise de décision/Administrateur/Abus et sanctions [modifier] Demande de sanction contre l'administrateur Jyp Je demande une sanction rétroactive contre lui pour abus de pouvoir volontaire à mon égard. (Je ne l'ai pas demandée avant, ne sachant pas qu'on pouvait le faire, étant peu familiarisée avec les pratiques administratives de WP. Je n'ai pas pardonné pour autant; le personnage ne m'ayant pas adressé la moindre excuse). Se reporter à son intervention abusive sur la page de discussion de Mythologie étrusque à la date du 16/07/04 pour comprendre de quoi il retourne. Ce personnage est bien mal placé pour demander des précisions sur des évidences, poser des questions auxquelles lui-meme serait bien incapable de répondre, pour le seul plaisir de jouir de son pouvoir, alors que lui meme n'est pas si enclin à faire partager son savoir. Vous avez vu sa promise bibliographie (demandée depuis des mois) à ses Hittites, vous? Moi pas. A moins qu'il ne la mette subrepticement au moment meme où j'écris ceci, profitant de sa dextérité informatique, comme il l'a fait hier soir en supprimant ce que j'avais écrit au sujet d'Artémisia Gentileschi tandis qu'avec mansuétude il se limitait à faire remarquer à un quelconque vandale (parce qu'en tel cas si j'en crois les règles de WP ceci est bien assimilable au vandalisme) que la traduction automatique ne valait rien. A-il-fait le ménage? Non. Je demande donc une sanction double, le sexisme ressortant avec évidence dans son comportement--fl0 23 jan 2005 à 16:09 (CET)Fl0 Je me suis reporté à la page en question, et je n’y ai pas trouvé d’intervention témoignant d’un abus du statut d’administrateur, ni même en fait d’abus tout court. Par conséquent, pourrais-tu être plus explicite quant à ce que tu reproches à Jyp, et donner des exemples plus précis, pour que tout le monde comprenne ? Sam Hocevar 23 jan 2005 à 17:27 (CET) C'est quoi ce binz? Je vois trois accusations: Un abus de pouvoir sur Mythologie étrusque datant de juillet (6 mois auparavant); faudra qu'on m'explique: ma seule intervention sur l'article a été [1] (http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mythologie_%C3%A9trusque&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=661941). J'ai par contre exprimé des doutes sur certains éléments, dans la page de discussion uniquement. Accessoirement une IP a coupé du texte de flo sur la page de discussion au mois d'octobre; j'ai réverté à l'instant: le dialogue n'a plus de sens sans cela... Une accusation d'effacement d'Artémisia Gentileschi. Là, c'est encore plus amusant: c'est la dernière fois, flo, que j'essaie de répondre à tes questions sur le Bistro: tu sous-entends que quelqu'un a effacé cette page et a remplacé ton ébauche par un texte traduit automatiquement: je prends la peine de vérifier si c'était le cas: aucune trace d'effacement. Je fais une remarque à l'utilisateur qui a utilisé la traduction automatique et te conseilles de remplacer ce sabir par ton ébauche. La prochaine fois démerde-toi toute seule. Sexisme. Ah bon? On me l'avait jamais faite celle-là. Amusant.Jyp - Bon, on t'en a peut-être jamais fait autant pour aussi peu. Il faut quand même sévir. Je propose que tu sois condamné à voter pour ou contre exclusivement dans la candidature HC ci-dessous. Cela me semble une sanction proportionnée ...Hervé Tigier ✉ 23 jan 2005 à 18:00 (CET) Tout juste... il faudrait sanctionner les plaintes abusives ;-))) et rien de tel que d'enlever tous les saucissonnages dans le vote HC ; que Floreal fasse le ménage et ne laisse que mon seul vote Pour... En effet, lorsque Floreal écrit juste sous mon vote : pas étonnant que votre article dame-pipi ait été supprimé ; la prostate, c'est plutot masculin. Pour la bravoure, il en faut..., cela dénature totalement mes propos 82.224.88.52 23 jan 2005 à 18:57 (CET) Enfin, n'ayant rien fait contre flo, je dors tranquille. Jyp 23 jan 2005 à 17:52 (CET) Je n'ai pas encore regardé ce que ce « personnage » aurait fait de si mal, mais je dois juste dire qu'il faut faire attention à ne pas voir du sexisme partout fl0 ... (Note à part, y'a pas une loi type Godwin pour ça ? :p). Il serait bon d'avoir plus d'explications sur le sujet, avec un peu moins d'attaques personnelles (avec en plus une remarque du type "c'est çui qui dit qui y'est"). --Tieno 23 jan 2005 à 17:43 (CET) Après avoir regardé, je confirme mes propos : cela n'a rien à voir avec du sexisme. La discussion n'a pas lieu d'être, et je ne vois pas l'intérêt de perdre du temps à ces futilités. --Tieno 23 jan 2005 à 18:14 (CET) ça c'est une manip, mon texte est revenu comme par enchantement, et effectivement rien n'apparait sur l'historique, alors que ça apparassait encore en début d'après-midi: il y avait 2 noms, Mirmillon et pixel2, qq.chose dans ce genre là. Et ce n'est certainement pas moi qui m'amuse à ces petits tours de passe-passe, d'abord parce que je n'ai pas de tps à perdre pour ça, ensuite tout simplement parce que je n'ai pas toute cette familiarité avec l'informatique pour ce faire. Je fais remarquer que ce n'est pas la première fois que je remarque ce genre de chose ça et là, des choses qui figurent dans les histo ou meme des pages qui disparaissent et sont ensuite introuvables. vous etes tous bien prompt à réagir dès que l'un de vous est mis en cause, surtout s'il s'agit de sexisme, là vous etes tous plus rapides que pour le combattre. Si vous n'avez rien remarqué dans la page de la dite date (mais ça a peut-etre disparu aussi? de bonne foi, je n'ai pas été vérifier), c'est que vous n'aviez pas envie de comprendre. A votre avis, qd. Jyp m'a intercepté et que je lui ai fait remarqué que ce n'était pas lui qui payait les télécoms à ma place, c'était pour le simple plaisir de lui chercher des noises? Evidemment pas. ça remonte à il y a 6 mois effectivement, moi j'ai le ressentiment tenace, tout le monde a ses petits défauts, n'est-ce-pas? Etre sexiste, c'est pire. Quand à la "futilité", cette hautaine condescendance genre Tieno ici est un argument assez habituel pour rambarrer les gens. Si je n'avais pas eu autant de mal pendant des mois à éditer mes articles qui ont au moins le mérite, et c'est modeste, d'etre clairs, compréhensibles et plutot bien documentés, croyez-vous que je prendrais aujoud'hui la peine, à bout de patience (ça fait des mois je le répète), de déposer une plainte? Je manque de la nécessaire futilité pour ce faire, contrairement à certains ici. Si, sur certains points (pas tous), Jyp se retrouve injustement accusé, et que certains méfaits sont dus à quelque robot vicieux ou à d'autres malveillances, qu'y puis-je? Comment pourrais-je le savoir et comment pourrais-je y remédier ? Je ne suis pas informaticienne.--fl0 23 jan 2005 à 19:09 (CET)Fl0 Flo, es-tu sûr qu'il ne s'agit pas d'un autre article qui tourne autour des étrusques. On avait eu une autre discussion sur Culture de Villanova; la même IP (151...) avait d'ailleurs enlevé tes propos, comme pour l'autre page, je viens de rv (cela n'a pas de sens sinon). Mais tout est dans l'historique. Enfin, pour info, je n'ai aucun moyen de faire une modification sans qu'elle apparaisse soit dans l'historique, soit dans les logs (pour les effacements). Jyp 23 jan 2005 à 19:19 (CET) Youhou ? Il faudrait peut-être arrêter un peu la paranoïa ! Un administrateur ne peut PAS trafiquer l'historique d'un article, pas plus qu'un simple utilisateur. Si tu as quelque chose à signaler, cite précisément (en indiquant le lien) le "diff" de la modification que tu reproches. Raph 23 jan 2005 à 19:25 (CET) Mais le problème est justement que les diff. disparaissent! Et je retombe sur une version pirate d'Artemisia et je ne comprends pas pourquoi!--fl0 23 jan 2005 à 19:36 (CET)Fl0 Bon, là, on va essayer de comprendre ce problème-là. Et essayer de démythifier les possibilités des admins. Voici quelques éléments. Tout d'abord, notafish a débuté un Wikipédia:Blogadmins qui permet aux admins de décrire un peu leurs actions (j'ai d'ailleurs contribué et même mis une petite entrée sur ton peintre, floreal :-) ); elle a également fait une petite page décrivant comment un admin efface une page: Wikipédia:Administrateur/Processus_de_suppression. Tous les effacements sont loggués ici: Special:Log; on peut même y faire une recherche dans un log particulier et sur un titre d'article donné (et même sur un nom d'utilisateur donné). C'est ce que j'ai fait pour contrôler si ton peintre avait été effacé, flo! Et c'est parce qu'il n'y a rien que je te dis que cela n'a pas été effacé. A part ce pouvoir, un admin peut bloquer un utilisateur (mais c'est également loggué) et a un bouton révoquer lorsque l'on fait une diff, pour faire un révert plus rapidement. Et c'est tout, rien de plus... Je n'ai jamais vu de diff qui disparaissent ou réapparaissent; par contre il m'est déjà arrivé de perdre des modifs quand le wiki est lent: je fais la modif et pars, puis je ne fais pas attention qu'il n'a pas passé (j'ai souvent une dizaine d'onglets ouverts sur wikipédia...). Peut-être est-ce ce qui t'es arrivé? (Je cherche des explications). Enfin, je ne crois pas avoir été jamais condescendant avec toi et je n'ai jamais fait la moindre allusion à ton genre (tu noteras que je n'ai jamais déclaré le mien: pour moi, il n'y a qu'une seule chose qui est importante, les contributions; tout le reste est inutile, que ce soit le genre, l'âge, la profession, les préférences sexuelles, la nationalité, la couleur de peau, ...). Par contre, je confirme, tu m'avais bien fait une remarque sur ta facture de télécom; ça je m'en souviens, mais je n'ai pas retrouvé dans quel page de discussion c'était. Jyp 23 jan 2005 à 20:04 (CET) Dans la page de la date citée, peu avant ou peu après. C'était ce que j'ai appelé "le coup de l'haruspice" et je n'ai pas bien compris comment ça fonctionnait. Mais bon. La condescendance masculine, ça se repère immédiatement, pas besoin de mettre tellement de genre. Et je me trompe très, très rarement. Le ressentiment passé avec ces éclaicissements, il ne me reste plus qu'à te faire mes plus plates excuses, les voici. Je pense que tu te trompes tout bêtement d'article. Il y a en fait 2 articles qui existent : Artemisia Gentileschi et Artémisia Gentileschi (avec un accent). Raph 23 jan 2005 à 19:43 (CET) C'est ça! Merci à Nataraja d'avoir découvert cela... La version de flo apparaît bien dans l'historique. Un mystère de résolu... Jyp 23 jan 2005 à 20:46 (CET) Merci à Raph ou Nataraja, je ne sais pas, d'avoir découvert l'équivoque. Techniquement parlant, il y a des choses que je m'explique plutot mal, et pourtant je ne reve pas. Par exemple "sexisme" dans l'histo avait été commencé par Anthere. Et bien après son nom ne figurait plus au départ de la liste. Ensuite il y avait une Gisèle avec un DEA de sciences (je n'ai pas revé non plus) qui se plaignait de Cormier disant qu'elle ne voulait pas rester sur WP pour tomber sur une "mère-fouettarde" (elle n'a pas compris que l'Hégésippe est un homme) comme lui. Disparue également. Il n'y a déjè pas tellement de présences féminines ici (surtout avec un DEA de sciences), alors si vous les faites fuir, vous vous ferez traiter de sexisme facilement. Je retire ma plainte, évidemment...--fl0 23 jan 2005 à 21:22 (CET)Fl0 Pour sexisme, actuellement, la première entrée (création) est bien celle d'Anthère: [2] (http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sexisme&amp;action=history), en octobre 2002. (Woah, c'est vieux ça). Quant à Gisèle, c'est malheureusement un homme (comme Hégésippe). Son cas entre dans l'affaire du vandalisme de 82.122... :-) Jyp 23 jan 2005 à 21:59 (CET) Ah bon? Et c'est pas le meme? Et 82 c'est encore un autre? Il veut quoi, ce dernier (si c'est un autre) exactement? Il me dérange et je ne sais pas quoi en faire.--fl0 24 jan 2005 à 15:34 (CET)Fl0 Si tu comprends plus lentement que tout le monde, utilise ton cerveau et cesse de gaver les autres avec des réactions à chaud. C'est brutal, mais ce qui est au-dessus est totalement ridicule. fa'ehau 23 jan 2005 à 21:50 (CET) Moi, ce genre de réaction à chaud (celle de fa'ehau) me gave aussi mais passons. Pour sexisme c'est en effet bien Anthere qui a dégainé la 1ère, mais à partir de 50 contrib et plus, il faut cliquer sur 50 suivants pour voir le début de la liste p-e 23 jan 2005 à 22:05 (CET) Je suis nulle en informatique, et je l'ai déjà signalé dans "participants". Veuillez SVP ne pas m'en tenir rigueur s'il m'arrive de cafouiller.--fl0 24 jan 2005 à 15:34 (CET)Fl0 [modifier] Propositions de candidature en cours En attendant, l'issue des votes, on peut sans doute s'instruire avec Wikipédia:Idées-Administrateurs. À commencer par les candidat(e)s... [modifier] Meanos Bonjour ! Je pose ma candidature au titre d'administrateur. Je compte passer plus de temps sur Wikipédia (dès maintenant) et j'aimerais pouvoir aider plus efficacement au niveau de la maintenance. Pour ceux qui ne m'ont jamais croisé, je vous invite à consulter ma page d'utilisateur. Dans les semaines passées, j'ai également entrepri deux projets (le premier sur les trous noirs, avec Looxix, et le second sur l'histoire des sciences) : il serait parfois plus facile de gérer les pages sans avoir à faire appel aux autres admins — quoique je n'ai pas encore eu de difficultés particulières. Enfin, je ne suis pas méchant, je ne mords pas les débutants, je sais ce qu'est et n'est pas un admin et vous n'en avez pas assez pour les tâches ingrates :) — Meanos + 13 jan 2005 à 11:06 (CET) [modifier] Pour ©éréales Kille® | (mailto:cerkil@free.fr) |☺ 13 jan 2005 à 11:17 (CET) Discret mais efficace. Caton 13 jan 2005 à 11:56 (CET) Hervé Tigier ✉ 13 jan 2005 à 12:08 (CET) Fabos archeos 13 jan 2005 à 14:53 (CET) : Meanos est discret dans les discussions, mais il s'est montré utile à la communauté. Sa page pour débuter montre qu'il connaît bien W. Pontauxchats | ✉ 13 jan 2005 à 16:04 (CET) Weft ¿! 13 jan 2005 à 16:24 (CET) Dévilès °o° 13 jan 2005 à 16:45 (CET) d'accord à 100% avec archeos, mais attention à l'orthographe cependant :-D Si tu fais référence à ⟦ réglèment ⟧ dans le bistro, c'est « juste » une grosse coquille (que je m'explique pas :) Sinon.. je fais tant de fautes que ça ? Hum... — Meanos + 13 jan 2005 à 20:03 (CET) Vincent ✑ 13 jan 2005 à 18:55 (CET) Hégésippe Cormier | ±Θ± 13 jan 2005 à 22:43 (CET) ƒœΝύξ 13 jan 2005 à 22:47 (CET) (Dès que tu vois un vandale, tu sais ma préconisation : comme avec les canards \_°<~ Coin Coin → PAN PAN ) PS : les votes de Caton ne compte que pour un seul ;) Looxix 13 jan 2005 à 22:51 (CET) Patrice Létourneau 14 jan 2005 à 00:14 (CET) Lucas thierry 14 jan 2005 à 10:18 (CET) Woww 14 jan 2005 à 13:55 (CET) notafish }<';> 14 jan 2005 à 15:51 (CET) --•Šªgε• | ♂ (http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Discussion_Utilisateur:Sylvano&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new|) 14 jan 2005 à 16:01 (CET) sans soucis. David 14 jan 2005 à 21:32 (CET) faudrait quelques contre quand même sinon c'est pas démocratique :p. Canneberge peut-être ? ;o) Je fais mieux que Chirac ! La pression... ;) Meanos + 15 jan 2005 à 01:21 (CET) villy 15 jan 2005 à 08:28 (CET) A☮ineko ✍ 15 jan 2005 à 15:35 (CET) ~Pyb 15 jan 2005 à 18:09 (CET) --Manu 15 jan 2005 à 19:24 (CET) bonne chance ;o) Anthere 15 jan 2005 à 20:44 (CET) Ryo (XYZ) 15 jan 2005 à 21:36 (CET) phe 15 jan 2005 à 22:10 (CET) Med 15 jan 2005 à 22:11 (CET) p-e 16 jan 2005 à 09:22 (CET) jeffdelonge 17 jan 2005 à 08:28 (CET) Marmouzet 17 jan 2005 à 18:52 (CET) heMmeR 17 jan 2005 à 21:13 (CET) Tipiac 17 jan 2005 à 21:16 (CET) en particulier pour le boulot qu'il a fait concernant l'accueil des débutants. Jef-Infojef 18 jan 2005 à 04:12 (CET) Semnoz 19 jan 2005 à 10:43 (CET) --Anarchimede 19 jan 2005 à 23:58 (CET) ske 20 jan 2005 à 14:38 (CET) Darkoneko (>o<) 20 jan 2005 à 22:57 (CET) J'te rejoin dans 2 mois vieux :p Tieno 20 jan 2005 à 23:04 (CET) Jyp 20 jan 2005 à 23:07 (CET) Freduf 23 jan 2005 à 18:29 (CET) Sam Hocevar 24 jan 2005 à 09:50 (CET) [modifier] Contre [modifier] Abstention connais po :p Ashar Voultoiz|@ 17 jan 2005 à 23:40 (CET) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [modifier] Hégésippe Cormier Je vais essayer de ne pas être trop long (hem...) Je ne voulais pas être candidat, notamment pour ne pas offrir le plaisir à certains de voter contre. Néanmoins, comme le besoin d'administrateurs supplémentaires est flagrant, je passe outre cette réticence, ayant en outre été frappé par une opinion personnelle de Ryo, lequel aimerait, c'est son droit, que le nombre des administrateurs dépasse les 50 % du nombre de contributeurs [réguliers]. Au passage, toujours dans cette optique d'un nombre d'administrateurs jugé actuellement insuffisant, et même si ce paragraphe est sans rapport avec ma candidature, je voudrais inciter d'éminent-e-s contributeur-trice-s [non cités, c'était une erreur] qui ont largement démontré leur implication dans le projet (même si je peux ou ai pu avoir des frictions ou désaccords avec certains d'entre eux) à faire rapidement acte de candidature et probablement être cooptés. Pour certains d'entre eux, je ne comprends d'ailleurs même pas comment il se fait qu'ils n'aient pas accédé depuis « longtemps » à ce statut (hormis le fait indéniable de leur non-candidature jusqu'ici). Je contribue au projet depuis le 29 février 2004, dans la limite de mes minces compétences, d'abord sous le pseudonyme de Jerotito, puis sous celui de Ma'ame Michu (compte créé le 18 juin) et enfin sous le pseudonyme actuel (compte créé le 4 septembre). À ces divers titres, mais souvent de façon mineure (orthographe, typographie, déplacement de pages, etc.), j'ai procédé à au moins 23 000 éditions sur le Wikipédia francophone (7 494 + 10 981 + 4 232 [non réactualisé] au dernier décompte, datant d'une bonne quinzaine), sans parler d'un nombre important, quoique bien moindre, d'éditions sur une soixantaine d'autres wikis (essentiellement pour faire des liens interlangue). Si cela peut constituer un élément de mesure de mon intérêt pour le projet... J'ai un gros défaut : je suis très peu diplomate, donc souvent cassant, etc. Mais d'un autre côté, j'ai une capacité d'écoute importante que l'on ne perçoit pas forcément au premier abord. Et je pense être capable de me remettre en question sur tous les points qui, dans la limite du raisonnable, ne me paraissent pas d'importance vitale. J'ajouterai que je suppose que la mise à disposition d'outils supplémentaires me ferait probablement réfléchir quant aux conséquences de leur usage et que, s'il y a lieu, je m'efforcerai d'écouter les conseils donnés sur le sujet par des utilisateurs plus expérimentés en la matière. La candidature ne vise pas à satisfaire un besoin de pouvoir (un petit peu quand même) mais à accroître mon efficacité dans certains domaines. Il me semble par exemple important que, à toute heure du jour et de la nuit, on puisse avoir recours aux services de plusieurs administrateurs. Or il arrive que, à certaines heures creuses (disons 4 heures du matin heure française), aucun ne soit disponible. Le cas s'est notamment produit le 14 janvier, avec une attaque de vandalisme particulièrement vicieuse et d'envergure (140 pages vandalisées) au cours de laquelle il ne s'est trouvé que deux contributeurs « de base » pour lutter pied à pied, en se fatigant énormément, alors que quelques fonctionnalités supplémentaires auraient facilité leur travail de maintenance. J'ajouterai que je suis fréquemment présent sur le canal IRC #fr.wikipedia et, sous réserve que l'on ne me demande pas des choses impossibles, toujours prêt à étudier les propositions de compromis lorsqu'elles sont raisonnables. Par ailleurs, cette présence fréquente sur un canal de discussion « en continu », où se trouvent beaucoup de contributeurs motivés dont des administrateurs, me semble un excellent garde-fou. Donc, vous voyez, vous votez pour, vous votez contre, vous vous abstenez... Quelque soit le résultat de la consultation, je continuerai de toute façon à contribuer. Il est toujours envisageable de discuter des motivations en privé, par exemple par courrier électronique : hegesippe46 (chez) free (point) fr, sinon dans un salon privé du canal IRC #fr.wikipedia où je passe de longues heures. :o) Hégésippe Cormier | ±Θ± 15 jan 2005 à 02:30 (CET) [modifier] Pour phe 15 jan 2005 à 04:12 (CET) Fafnir 15 jan 2005 à 05:00 (CET) Sam Hocevar 15 jan 2005 à 05:49 (CET), bien évidemment Caton 15 jan 2005 à 08:06 (CET) Ste281 15 jan 2005 à 08:17 (CET) villy 15 jan 2005 à 08:25 (CET). Sans réserve. Treanna °¿° 15 jan 2005 à 09:17 (CET) notafish }<';> 15 jan 2005 à 12:12 (CET) A fond. J'en parlais hier soir. Oyez, je change de métier et me fais voyante ! Ah oui? Vous parliez à un petit cercle d'initiés l'autre soir, Mademoiselle? Et les profanes sont-ils autorisés à savoir Les profanes vont être déçus : Utilisateur:Notafish/meeting Paris ; il ne s'agit même pas d'une mafia... 82.224.88.52 20 jan 2005 à 09:27 (CET) Vous avez soustrait votre appui à votre candidat comme il apparait par votre ennième rayure? (un de moins , tant mieux, de mon point de vue) Je vous fais aimablement remarquer que vous avez mis en gras le mot mafia que je n'avais pas mis comme tel dans mon intervention précédente. Certains mots n'engagent pas que moi, contrairement à ce me me raconte votre amie "notafish", il me semble. Etes vous certain de tant pouvoir vous permettre de "faire le Jacques", avec certains mots? Je vous souhaite que votre "initition" vous le concède... Mais votre amie est je pense en mesure de répondre elle meme à ce qui s'adresse à elle sans avoir besoin que vous répondiez à sa place. de quoi, des fois que ça les concerne? Question de "transparence". C'est difficile la voyance, vous savez. Vous etes administratrice je crois. ça devrait déjà vous donner bcp. de travail...--fl0 19 jan 2005 à 11:43 (CET)Fl0 Looxix 15 jan 2005 à 12:26 (CET) Vincent ✑ 15 jan 2005 à 13:23 (CET) 82.224.88.52 15 jan 2005 à 19:30 (CET) Troll et ex dame-pipi en PàS moi-même, j'avais beaucoup aimé ses actes de bravoure comme lorsque (en tant que Madame Michu) il avait mis à moultes reprises que les franc-maçons sont autant de sectes (http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Editeurs_probl%C3%A9matiques#Ma.27ame_Michu_.28alias_H.C3.A9g.C3.A9sippe_Cormier.29) Je suis persuadé qu'une fois admin, il saura d'autant mieux réfréner ses penchants trolliens que, comme il le rappelle ci-dessus, il lui reste une soixantaine d'autres wikis pour continuer à se défouler... quant à moi, je préfère continuer à être sérieux ailleurs et troll ici... mais à bien plus faible dose... il ne me loupera pas une fois admin ;-))) pas étonnant que votre article dame-pipi ait été supprimé; la prostate, c'est plutot masculin. Pour la bravoure, il en faut pour vandaliser? Il aurait été plus intelligent de parler de "loge déviée" ou de "mafia". Mais là, ce n'est pas de la bravoure qu'il faut, mais du courage. Il en a, votre ami, Monsieur IP?--fl0 19 jan 2005 à 11:43 (CET)Fl0 Lucas thierry 15 jan 2005 à 19:45 (CET)Qu'il ne soit pas diplômate c'est un doux euphémisme mais c'est souvent l'un de ceux qui réagissent le plus vite. Si nous formons une communauté cela suppose que l'on accepte les autres avec leurs petits défauts surtout s'ils possèdent de grandes qualités.... khardan 15 jan 2005 à 21:08 (CET). J'appuie totalement cette candidature. Ryo (XYZ) 15 jan 2005 à 21:35 (CET) il a montré qu'il savait chasser les essais de débutants (nombreux blanchiements de pages). Pas diplomate ? Ben suffit qu'il intervienne pas dans les conflits d'édition, y a déjà bien assez à faire à virer les pages d'essais de débutants ou à supprimer :) Il connaît ses défauts, je lui fais confiance pour se contrôler. Med 15 jan 2005 à 21:38 (CET) Voilà quelqu'un de dynamique ! Meanos + 15 jan 2005 à 22:05 (CET) archeos 15 jan 2005 à 23:28 (CET): question de logique, admin ne donne pas (enfin, si j'ai bien compris ce que les admins expliquent) plus de pouvoir dans les conflits d'édition, où le personnage peut poser problème, donc s'il s'agit de renforcer ses points forts, je vote pour. Au passage, merci à HC d'avoir éclairci ses avatars, je n'avais pas capté. Spedona 15 jan 2005 à 23:30 (CET) sebjd 16 jan 2005 à 10:12 (CET) Je participe peu à ce genre de choses : je maintiendrai ce vote pour tant que celui du vandale notoire (plusieurs matinées apparemment, une vingtaine de revert pour aider) Utilisateur:Pascall figurera dans les votes contre.Après une wikiballade au clair de lune, des éléments me font me retirer de ce vote. sebjd 24 jan 2005 à 23:02 (CET) jeffdelonge 16 jan 2005 à 10:27 (CET) le statut de sysop est réversible, on verra donc à l'usage, et moi aussi je souhaite effectivement que beaucoup d'autres contributeurs sincères posent ou reposent leur candidature. Raph 16 jan 2005 à 12:50 (CET) Je lui fais confiance. Contributeur très utile, je pense qu'il a largement fait ses preuves. Romary 16 jan 2005 à 22:04 (CET) --Accrochoc 17 jan 2005 à 20:50 (CET) Bien que je n'apprécie pas du tout les changements d'identité . Je vote pour, pour les mêmes raisons que sebjd . De plus je n'ai jamais eu de conflit avec ni Ma'ame Michu, ni Hégésippe Cormier ne m'ont jamais emm..., ses corrections sur mes créations ont toujours étés positives. J'aimerai quand même bien savoir Qui est réellement Michu/Cormier car sa page de présentation est assez floue. Je pense que les administrateurs devraient être très transparents sur leur page: Identité réelle, métier, sexe, age, lieu d'habitation ...comme celle de A☮ineko. J'ai d'ailleurs l'impression qu'il n'y pas de femme ! Me tompe-je ? Excusez la vieille féministe soixate-huitarde que je suis. Tsssss, les 3 premiers sysops de fr: ont été Aoineko, Shaihulud et moi même, ce qui fait quand même 1/3 de femmes, ce qui est méritoire. En fait, depuis, la proportion a chuté. Juste au dessus, tu as notafish, femme aussi, si j'ai bien compris les penchants de Ryo. Je milite en faveur d'une remontée des taux au niveau initial ! 33 % Anthere Gautier Bichard 17 jan 2005 à 21:31 (CET) .Je suis pour bien évidemment. Pour moi ,tu seras l'un des meilleurs administrateurs si ce n'est le meilleur.Je pense que l'on peut avoir confiance en quelqu'un d'aussi impliqué.De plus, j'apprécie ton fréquent manque de diplomatie. Au moins tu ne changeras plus de nick :O) Ashar Voultoiz|@ 17 jan 2005 à 23:42 (CET) R 19 jan 2005 à 00:34 (CET). Un peu plus d'explications sur les changements de pseudos seraient bienvenues (ainsi qu'une liste exhaustive des dits pseudos), mais je lui fait confiance pour respecter les règles. Mais saura-t-il se rendre moins agressif ? - Marmouzet 19 jan 2005 à 08:06 (CET) Semnoz 19 jan 2005 à 10:44 (CET) [modifier] Contre Il est pour moi hors de question que Jerotito-Michu-Cormier-Zorro soit administrateur. Hervé Tigier ✉ 15 jan 2005 à 08:21 (CET) (maintenant je lis son baratin et j'affute mes arguments, à bientôt) -> voir ici les arguments greatpatton 15 jan 2005 à 09:27 (CET). pour son harcélement sur la page Page à supprimer Personnage agressif et protéiforme qui change de nom comme de chemise aussitôt que ses manœuvres malveillantes tournent à son désavantage. S'il y avait un droit de veto ici, j'en ferais usage ! Roby 15 jan 2005 à 11:17 (CET) Moi j'aime bien Hégésippe, je trouve qu'il est un peu comme moi, c'est pour ça que je me méfie et que je vote contre. :-) Faudra ressayer quand on sera à 100000 contribs. Marc Mongenet 15 jan 2005 à 14:40 (CET) Utilisateur au comportement inadapté pour le rôle d'administrateur. À noter que c'est la première fois que je vote contre une candidature d'admin. Yann 15 jan 2005 à 14:52 (CET) Ralph 15 jan 2005 à 14:57 (CET) Airelle 15 jan 2005 à 18:59 (CET) (et je n'utiliserai pas d'autres pseudos, bien que l'envie ne me manque pas !) C'est la première fois que je vote pour une candidature d'administrateur et ce n'est pas parce que je viens de découvrir qu'on peut le faire... polo 15 jan 2005 à 23:24 (CET) Je me lance, pour une première fois, je voterais donc contre. Tout ce remue ménage pour une candidature m'inspire la prudence. Son manque d'entousiasme feind, ajouté à la verve du personnage qui manie le langage avec une certaine suffisance, renforcé par des changement de pseudo accrocheur: un genre qui ne m'inspire pas vraiment confiance. Désolé, au suivant. Régis Lachaume 16 jan 2005 à 02:24 (CET) À cause de ton manque de diplomatie qui nuirait au sérieux de la charge d'admin. Je ne doute pas que tu ferais du bon travail sinon. Pascall 16 jan 2005 à 03:43 (CET) Contributeur hautain et prétentieux qui ne recule devant rien pour imposer son point de vue. C'est d'un administrateur dont Wikipédia a besoin, pas d'un Ayatollah ! Pascall Faut-il tenir compte du vote de ce vandale Lucas thierry 17 jan 2005 à 17:00 (CET) Jeantosti 16 jan 2005 à 08:33 (CET) Je n'avais pas suivi les modifications de pseudos. S'agissant de Jerotito, qui ne cache pas ses sympathies pour Jean-Marie Le Pen, pas de problème, c'est non, quelles que puissent être ses éventuelles qualités par ailleurs. Je me permets un commentaire sur le tien : quel rapport entre la charge d'administrateur et l'opinion politique ? Je pourrais également ne pas vouloir voter pour quelqu'un qui s'est fait satisfaire oralement lors d'une relation adultère, mais là, tu me traiterais probablement de conservateur ou d'extrémiste religieux. Bref, ne pas tout mélanger non plus. Je connais même des votants du Front national qui sont sympatiques, d'ailleurs, c'est ça qui fait le plus mal au cul. — Régis Lachaume 17 jan 2005 à 14:06 (CET) •Šªgε• | ♂ (http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Discussion_Utilisateur:Sylvano&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new|) 17 jan 2005 à 14:18 (CET) , depuis quelques mois maintenant que je traine ma gueule sur W j'ai appris énormément sur la plupart des contributeurs régulier et notamment sur Ma'am Michu//Héggesippe Cormier sans pour autant me retrouver en conflit (avec qui que ce soit). Mon vote ici n'est donc absolument pas motivé par une quelconque vindicte à l'égard de HC mais bel et bien par le doute profond qu'il/elle m'inspire. Ce doute repose sur mon impossibilité à répondre à ces questions : Pourquoi avoir entretenu l'ambiguïté et avoir souvent certifié que HC n'était pas un avatar de Ma'am Michu ? ; Pourquoi une telle schizophrénie (3 pseudos avoués et combien de cachés...)? ; Pourquoi l'avoué maintenant comme un môme se repentant (faussement?) devant l'alléchante vue d'une sucrerie ?. Bien sur si quelqu'un réussi à m'ôter ce doute... Floreal Report J’ai fait un cauchemar. C’était pendant l’horreur d’une profonde nuit, non je n’ai pas vu ma mère qui d’ailleurs ne s’appelle pas Jézabel et ne fait peur à personne. J’ai vu un calmar géant tout droit sorti de l’Atlantide que j’avais attaché par un fil à la patte et que je traînais derrière et malgré moi tel un bogue comme un dogue dans mon ordinateur. Quelle sueur froide ! En sursaut je m’éveillai transie, Décidée à effectuer un report. Nicnac25 17 jan 2005 à 16:16 (CET) Caractère franchement incompatible avec la fonction. Se définir comme peu diplomate est amusant, la réalité étant qu'il est plus générateur de conflit que peu diplomate. Traroth | @ 17 jan 2005 à 17:18 (CET) Pour la première fois, je vote non. Un gars qui se definie lui meme comme cassant, comme admin, ca va pas le faire. Pour moi, la premiere condition pour devenir admin, c'est de respecter les valeurs de Wikipedia. Je n'arrive pas à croire qu'autant de gens puissent voter pour cet individu. Jastrow ✍ 17 jan 2005 à 17:44 (CET) Ne m'inspire pas confiance du fait de l'affaire des pseudos, et de ses interventions dans la page des articles à supprimer. Jastrow ✍ 17 jan 2005 à 17:44 (CET) Weft ¿! 17 jan 2005 à 20:38 (CET) J'ai peur que cela cause plus de problèmes que ça n'en réglera (rien qu'à voir cette page de vote...). Je vote pour la paix sociale. Cornelis Il ne me semble pas que des admis "forts en gueule" (et ce n'est pas forcément un défaut) soit ce dont nous ayons le plus besoin AlNo 20 jan 2005 à 10:12 (CET) : la capacité de résoudre des conflits et le respect des règles en place telles qu'elles sont établies pour ce faire sont des critères essentiels. J'ai (après relecture de l'historique de PàS) l'impression que HC n'en est pas (encore) assez proche. Je lui suggère donc de se représenter dans quelques temps. Luna04 Un bon contributeur, mais manquant de la retenue nécessaire afin de gérer et d'apaiser les conflits. p-e 23 jan 2005 à 09:09 (CET) Difficile de voter pour la seule personne que j'ai jamais listée (pas à la légère et il y a qd même peu de temps) ds les éditeurs problématiques. 鼠デユムソー 23 jan 2005 à 23:40 (CET) Un minimum de retenue est indispensable. Lauri 25 jan 2005 à 09:49 (CET) Revoir plus tard [modifier] Abstention Greudin 15 jan 2005 à 11:30 (CET), présentation remarquable (la meilleure des candidats admin jusqu'ici) mais le personnage est ambigu vu l'historique, par contre ses qualités techniques (wiki, css, etc) sont indéniables. - Remarquable je reconnais un souci de transparence, mais c'est bien le moins ! Hervé Tigier ✉ 15 jan 2005 à 11:58 (CET) Darkoneko (>o<) 15 jan 2005 à 12:00 (CET) "Dans le doute, abstient toi" J'apprécie la sincérité de la présentation, mais ça n'efface pas compléments certains antécédents. A☮ineko ✍ 15 jan 2005 à 14:20 (CET) ni pour, ni contre, bien au contraire, les chiffres ne font pas tout, la capacité de résoudre des conflits devrait être un critère prioritaire. -- AlNo 15 jan 2005 à 15:31 (CET) => je reporte ma voix en contre -- AlNo 20 jan 2005 à 10:12 (CET) ~Pyb 15 jan 2005 à 18:19 (CET) j'apprécie aussi la sincérité de la présentation, mais préfère ne pas me prononcer. Par contre, j'exprime un certain regret à voir l'extrème agressivité des commentaires. Je trouve cela franchement déplacé. Que des personnes votent contre, aucun problème, mais la wikilove est franchement mis à la panière sur cette page. Je trouve cela profondement démoralisant.Anthere - Et qui crois-tu être le premie à se moquer du Wikilove ? Faut-pas inverser les questions et les réponses ? Par ailleurs, j'aimerais qu'au contraire tu prennes position puisque d'autres admins nous expliquent qu'un "contributeur le plus dépourvu des qualités wikipédiennes ne peut faire qu'un bon administrateur !". Cette question mérite mieux que ton abstention. Hervé Tigier ✉ 18 jan 2005 à 06:48 (CET) - La sincérité (jusqu'à quel point?) n'implique pas nécessairement la validité. Le manque total de transparence (on ne sait rien de ce personnage, en dehors des polémiques qu'il suscite) ne me semble pas compatible avec le statut d'Admin. Cela me parait grave. En outre, il ne semble pas avoir témoigné de bcp. de "wikilove" par le passé, vues les réactions que sa candidature entraine, apparemment pas toutes dictées par le ressentiment du à quelques querelles personnelles passées.--fl0 18 jan 2005 à 17:26 (CET)Fl0 Tu fais allusion à quoi, exactement ? Tu dis apprecier la sincerité, mais tu semble la preferer chez Hégésippe Cormier plutot que chez les votants. Je trouve louable que les contributeurs expriment leur opposition fermement, sans etre insultant (ou alors, je n'ai pas vu). Un vote est fondamentalement une occasion où on demande l'opinion des gens. Il est normal qu'ils l'expriment. Wikilove ne veut pas dire consensus mou, où personne ne dirait un mot plus haut quer l'autre. Dans le cas qui nous préoccupe, personnellement, je vois un danger, et je ne pense pas être le seul. C'est beaucoup demander que de vouloir que je l'exprime dans le style "cette candidature me parait peu appropriée" ou "tu n'es peut-etre pas le candidat ideal". Voulons-nous que le politiquement correct et la langue dee bois fasse irruption dans Wikipedia ? Traroth | @ 24 jan 2005 à 16:31 (CET) Je suis plutôt pour, mais comme le vote est assez enflammé, je préfère voter neutre. Hégésippe Cormier, à mon humble avis, retire ta candidature, un "administrateur" qui enflamme ainsi les débats (alors qu'il n'est toujours pas administrateur) ne peut avoir ce rôle sinon il va être à l'origine (malgré lui) de conflits important. Montre que tu places l'interêt de wikipédia avant le tien (S'il y a un réel interêt à être administrateur).--David 15 jan 2005 à 22:33 (CET) Report comme David, même si je reste pour (voir plus haut). Un tel report peut très bien n'attendre qu'une semaine : j'ai trop peur que des admins essentiels, sincèrement surpris par cette candidature, quittent sinon Wikipédia. Mais seul HC peut prendre la décision du report. Je note au passage qu'il est dommage, un peu comme les policiers une fois en civil, que les admins ne soient pas admins que pendant un créneau horaire, axé sur quatre heures du matin pour HC ; le reste du temps, ils seraient des utilisateurs comme les autres. 82.224.88.52 15 jan 2005 à 23:08 (CET) ©éréales Kille® | (mailto:cerkil@free.fr) |☺ 15 jan 2005 à 23:11 (CET) Tu tires un peu trop facilement à vue dans tous les sens à mon goût... je ne remets pas en cause ton travail en général mais ton comportement dans certaines situations critiques. Siren 16 jan 2005 à 07:59 (CET) Problème de conscience. Devoir prendre une décision quand on n'a qu'une vision assez floue du problème ? Car il me semble bien que Hégésippe pose un certain problème. On peut aussi lui donner une chance de se refaire ? Dans le doute, je m'abstient. Floreal, pour les memes raisons que David et Siren. Beaucoup de scepticisme devant cete candidature. Report définitif contre Woww 16 jan 2005 à 22:12 (CET) --Mass* 17 jan 2005 à 13:25 (CET) heMmeR 17 jan 2005 à 20:48 (CET) Je reste perplexe. Tipiac 17 jan 2005 à 21:18 (CET) Jef-Infojef 18 jan 2005 à 03:54 (CET) (peace and love!) Ste281 18 jan 2005 à 09:14 (CET) j'ai apprécié le travail que ce contributeur a fait pour inventorier les actes de 82.224.88.52 sur Vandalisme en cours (travail auquel j'ai aussi participé) mais les réactions à cette candidature m'ont montré qu'il fallait plus de temps avant de me faire une idée définitive sur cette candidature Je regrette déjà mon vote. HC joue souvent la fatigue, s'il a des outils supplémentaires qui lui donnent une facilité d'édition supplémentaire sur les autres éditeurs, je crains de déclarer forfait. Je devrais voter contre et pourtant je m'abstiens. Moi non plus, je n'apprécie pas les commentaires rageurs. Ici je crains qu'ils n'aient une cause claire, ce qui ne les justifie pas. Je ne souhaite pas qu'Hégésippe devienne administrateur mais je tiens à ce qu'il puisse continuer à éditer, comme tout le monde. S'il en est empêché dans ces conditions c'est une base du projet qui s'effondre. Fred.th 20 jan 2005 Vous pensez qu'on les apprécie "nos commentaires rageurs" ? J'ai déjà clairement répondu en fin des miens. Tout ça est déplorable depuis le commencement, j'y suis pour rien (enfin ...). Pour le reste, HC continue comme il veut maintenant que les choses sont dites. Hervé Tigier ✉ 20 jan 2005 à 07:43 (CET) -profane en la matère:de quels "outils supplémentaires" s'agirait-il?--fl0 20 jan 2005 à 15:19 (CET)Fl0 je suis pas sûr que ce lien marche à cause du système de cadre (c'est bien du cadre?) #Ce que peut faire un administrateur juste au-dessus (dans Wikipédia:Administrateur), il y a aussi Wikipédia:Statuts des utilisateurs, où l'on voit que les outils supplémentaires sont en fait limités. Fred.th 21 jan 2005 à 09:15 (CET) Vincent ✑ 20 jan 2005 à 12:26 (CET) ; trop de réactions épidermiques et d'ambiguïté pour moi ske 20 jan 2005 à 14:40 (CET) Je trouve que les contributions d'Hégésippe Cormier sont globalement positives, mais je pense aussi qu'un admin doit bénéficier d'un minimum de consensus. Au vu des polémiques je préfère m'abstenir. Tieno 23 jan 2005 à 17:47 (CET) Malgré de nombreuses bonnes contributions, je ne comprends pas pourquoi il change autant de fois de pseudonymes, sans explications. [modifier] Commentaires Mon appréciation du candidat innommable... Hervé Tigier ✉ 15 jan 2005 à 09:31 (CET) Et dire que comme un c**, j'ai pris sa défense dans les pages à supprimer quand certains lui cherchaient des poux comme étant une survivance-exutoire de Ma'ame Michu et qu'il protestait comme un coq de son innocence, s'emmêlant d'ailleurs dans son double langage au point de me faire douter de sa parole voire de sa santé mentale ... Allons-y si on doit considérer qu'un bon administrateur doit être un bon contributeur, ce dernier point reste à discuter : J'ai expérimenté à vif l'incapacité notoire de J-M-C-Z à lire correctement une phrase et donc à s'abstenir d'y faire une correction sans intérêt et qui aurait nécessité une réécriture générale de la phrase. Il s'agissait d'un de mes premiers articles Archives. Ne pouvant prendre le temps de la réécriture, après les jours passés à la conception de l'article, j'ai eu droit à un comportement et un ton hautain et méprisant au plus haut point, surtout compte tenu de ma récente arrivée sur le projet (ce qui l'autorisait lui semblait-il à me traiter de bleu) Cet article est d'ailleurs toujours en l'état. En résumé, J-M-C-Z s'est donc comporté comme un taon sur un cheval et il manifeste que sous un pseudo ou un autre, c'est le modèle même de ses interventions et surtout de sa psychologie : "Moi - je sais ; Moi chuis'pas un niais ; Moi - j'vais vous apprendre ; Moi - j'vais vous rentrer ça dans le crâne ; Sans moi, quelle pagaille ..." Sous ces apparences bien élevées et bien informées, "J-M-C-Z" se moque fondamentalement du monde, il utilise le projet comme thérapie et défouloir. De nombreux contributeurs auraient des exemples plus révélateurs à donner que le mien, mais voyez par exemple le ton typiquement J-M-C-Z à la fois "niais et prétentieux", Utilisateur:TigH/Votes comme si j'avais besoin de ses airs entendus pour décider de mes actes, s'il savait... Il faut se rapporter aux derniers conflits... et voir qui est en est à l'origine, sans que cela d'ailleurs ne lui serve aucunement d'expérience. Petit inventaire des indices cumulés de défiance : Page perso très peu personnelle (Ah on a droit à une photo bambin - est-ce une authentique ?) Quelqu'un peut-il m'expliquer ces changements de pseudo ? autrement que comme signe de perturbation neurologique ou d'un autre côté (comme je le disais ailleurs avant que l'égalité Michu=Cormier soit posée), comme besoin de se faire refaire une virginité à l'égard de ses agissements déplorables. Pour moi, c'est sans doute le point le plus révélateur ! J-M-C-Z ne peut que nous assommer de ses 23 000 éditions (rien que le compte est pitoyable !) pour nous convaincre "de son intérêt pour le projet". J'aimerais mettre en face moi les contributeurs écoeurés et ceux qui sont partis (on pourrait totaliser ainsi les contributions perdues). Moi je constate que J-M-C-Z n'a participé à la dizaine initiative que j'ai prises pour améliorer le projet, l'aide, la participation, il a autre chose à faire que se mêler de ces idées qui le dépasse et restreindraient à terme son omnipotence de renard. Il n'est pas le seul, mais sans doute le seul parmi ceux qui sont aussi présent dans les pages à supprimer... Sa présentation montre une indéniable lucidité sur lui-même et il n'y a qu'à en prendre acte : motivation première "un besoin de pouvoir (un petit peu quand même) " c'est-à-dire pouvoir regarder encore d'un peu plus haut et d'un peu plus de travers tous les honnêtes participants et surtout pouvoir faire la police lui-même et bloquer les rares débats de fond auxquels il aura voulu s'abaisser... Si on l'ignorait : "je suis très peu diplomate, donc souvent cassant". J-M-C-Z n'a aucune intention de s'amender, il en est bien incapable : il lui faut des sujets dignes de considération (pour lui) et qu'on ne lui en demande pas trop. "je pense être capable de me remettre en question sur tous les points qui, dans la limite du raisonnable, ne me paraissent pas d'importance vitale. J'ajouterais : je suppose que la mise à disposition d'outils supplémentaires me ferait probablement réfléchir quant aux conséquences de leur usage et que, s'il y a lieu, je m'efforcerai d'écouter les conseils donnés sur le sujet par des utilisateurs plus expérimentés". Pour comprendre ce que cela veut dire, il faut être un peu psychologue ... Quant'à la présence sur l'IRC, il faudra qu'un jour une mise au point soit faite là-dessus, mais si J-M-C-Z veut y faire lustrer les galons qu'il se donne, qu'il y reste, ça serait la meilleure raison qu'on ne m'y voit jamais ! Alors, conservons faute de mieux J-M-C-Z comme contributeurs "trop" bien intentionné, mais comme administrateur jamais ! Mais commençons par le commencement : "Je ne voulais pas être candidat, notamment pour ne pas offrir le plaisir à certains de voter contre". Ce sont des plaisirs que seuls des gens de ton espèce peuvent connaître ! (là je fais un effort de tenue !) Solennellement, je demande à la communauté de bien peser les conséquences prévisibles de sa décision. Hervé Tigier ✉ 15 jan 2005 à 09:31 (CET) C'est quoi ce délire ? Caton 15 jan 2005 à 09:45 (CET) Il y a quelque chose que tu contestes ou que tu ignores ou que tu ne comprends pas ? (les insultes n'ont guère d'intérêt, mais tu ne peux peut-être pas t'expliquer) Hervé Tigier ✉ 15 jan 2005 à 09:56 (CET) Mon cher Hervé Tigier ta logorrhée et ta grandiloquence finale sont telles qu'elles en sont je crois contre-productive par rapport au but que tu recherche. Par pitié fait bref! Lucas thierry 15 jan 2005 à 19:38 (CET) Prozac Tigier, Prozac ou bien alors usenet. Ca va pas bien dans ta tête même si en retirant 99% de cette diarrhée, tu avais raison - ce que j'ignore pour arriver environ aujourd'hui. fa'ehau 23 jan 2005 à 21:54 (CET) - On t'attendait dis-donc ! Tu fais "psychiatre" ? Te bile pas, si on me pousse pas, je ne tombe pas. Hervé Tigier ✉ 23 jan 2005 à 22:17 (CET) Bon tu sais faire court tu vois, suffit d'un peu de Lactéol fort, ça va tout de suite mieux. fa'ehau 23 jan 2005 à 22:36 (CET) - Court ! allons-allons l'odeur t'incommode ou quoi ? J'ai bien compris ton message ... Au fait, depuis, il m'est revenu un ou deux griefs intéressants contre le sus-nommé. Alors, court ça dépend. En tout cas, avec des réactions comme la tienne, je ne regrette rien. Hervé Tigier ✉ 24 jan 2005 à 01:34 (CET) Quand j´ai vu que Ma´ame Michu avait ressuscité, j´ai éclaté de rire : elle est bien bonne ! Grattant un peu, on voit que Ma´ame Michu s´est "suicidée" le 5/11/2004 , que Hégésippe Cornier est ressuscité le 8/11/2004 e sévissait le 11/11 dans Discussion Wikipedia: prise de décision Sanction contre Fiuch où il parlait des réincarnations possibles du personnage. Et je ne ris plus : quelle belle escroquerie intellectuelle ! Et l´intéressé trouve cela tellement normal qu´il utilise ce fait pour sa campagne électorale! Hibisco-da-Ilha 15 jan 2005 à 20:14 (CET) (déplacé de «vote contre» Ralph 16 jan 2005 à 13:57 (CET)) Personnage mégalomane intolérant et paranoïaque, et surtout méchant. Il ne répond pas aux questions pour rendre service mais pour étaler son savoir. Ses assertions énoncées sur un ton dogmatique et autoritaire ne conviennent pas à l'esprit wikipedia. Par ailleurs il se contredit souvent, ce qui ne peut qu'entrainer des discussions sans fin. Mais il confond les argumentations contre son point de vue avec des attaques personnelles, ce qui entraîne forcément des conflits. Il en arrive ainsi rapidement à être agressif lorsqu'on est pas de son avis, et même si on est de son avis, car il comprend les choses de travers. Il utilise alors immédiatement les insultes et les attaques personnelles. Il me semble donc totalement incapable de répondre calmement à un débutant qui prendrait une attitude agressive par exemple, ce qu'à mon avis tout administrateur doit savoir faire. Pour finir, je ne vote pas «contre» par plaisir, car contrairement à ce qu'il aimerait, je ne m'intéresse pas à lui, mais par devoir, car je m'intéresse à l'avenir de wikipedia. Il serait regrettable que sa tentative, au début de cette page, de réduire les voteS «contre» à des attaques personnelles, fonctionne. Ralph 15 jan 2005 à 14:57 (CET) Ne sachant pas où caser ce que j'ai à dire ailleurs qu'ici: A mon sens, se porter candidat "Admin" requiert 3 qualités fondamentales, à parts égales: 1°) une excellente maitrise de l'instrument informatique 2°)des qualités "humaines" de fermeté et mansuétude, d'écoute et de patience, de tolérance et de justice (le tout n'étant pas simple) 3°)et une bonne culture générale (le n°2 ne pouvant etre atteint si l'on ne possède pas le n°3). Ce sont je crois les trois questions que devraient se poser en leur ame et conscience ceux qui briguent ce statut.--fl0 16 jan 2005 à 23:09 (CET)Fl0 En outre, la transparenceme semble nécessaire pour accéder à ce statut, et ça ne parait pas le cas de ce candidat dont on ne sait rien à part les désaccords et contreverses qu'il semble susciter. Enfin, la sincérité (mais on peut se demander jusqu'à quel point) n'est pas nécessairement un gage de validité pour le poste brigué. N'ayant jamais échangé un mot avec cette personne, mon vote contre n'a donc rien à voir avec une querelle personnelle ni une vengeance, je tiens ici à le souligner. Son éventuelle élection laisserait selon moi présager de nombreuses désaffections à venir.--fl0 18 jan 2005 à 18:42 (CET)Fl0 Quant au concept de "Wikilove" dont parlait Anthere dans les Abstentions, tout le monde n'a peut-etre pas tellement envie d'etre "wikilové" par ce candidat. Tout le monde n'a peut-etre pas envie de tendre l'autre joue, peut-etre que tout le monde n'est pas "très catholique" sur fr.wiki, à commencer par lui... [modifier] Querelles personnelles et votes Ce n'est pas la première fois que je constate que les gens votent en fonction de querelle personnelle passé mais c'est la première fois que c'est aussi marqué. Évidemment c'est toujours désagréable de se quereller avec quelqu'un, de s'apercevoir qu'il a raison et de ne pas vouloir l'admettre. Je ne veux pas dire par la que Hegesipe à toujours raison, il lui est arrivé de se tromper et de camper sur ses positions comme la plupart (tous ?) le font de temps en temps mais de la à voter contre sa candidature… Quant à la diplomatie si vous avez envie d'en voir il faut commencer par virer les 3/4 des admins actuels, si vous voulez de gentils agneaux pour gérer les vandales je crains que vous ne soyez pas sur le bon site. Parmi les votes contre il y en a un ou deux de sensé, le reste est un ramassis d'attaque à la personne, de diabolisation du personnage et de motivations semi-délirante. Quel dommage… phe 15 jan 2005 à 21:38 (CET) Je suis globalement d'accord avec phe. Beaucoup de votes contre ont de forts relents de vengence personnelle. Il m'est arrivé quelque fois d'avoir eu des disputes très violentes par le passé (dont une avec Hégésippe), mais cela ne m'empêche pas d'apprécier le travail que font ces personnes et de voter pour elles lorsque cela est bénéfique. Et je pense qu'Hégésippe serait très utile en tant que sysop. Finalement, je rappelle qu'être sysop n'interdit en rien d'être impliqué dans les bagarres. Je suis moi-même assez extrêmiste dans certains cas. Trouvez-vous que je dérape particulièrement quand j'utilise mes fonctions de sysop ? Med 15 jan 2005 à 21:53 (CET) Entièrement d'accord. La tonalité du discours, les adjectifs employés plus haut, notamment par Tigier qui est en très grande forme, ne doivent pas faire oublier que l'enjeux n'est pas de définir le récipiendaire d'une nouvelle autorité morale du site mais tout simplement de faire confiance à quelqu'un pour accomplir des tâches de maintenance basiques. Ce à quoi s'emploie Hégesippe depuis des mois et des mois, contrairement à d'autres qui contribuent presque exclusivement en page meta depuis des mois et s'érigent en permanence en donneurs de leçons et détenteurs de la vérité. Hégesippe m'a souvent cassé les pieds, comme Ma'ame Michu, et encore plus comme Jerotito, mais je ne peux lui enlever une motivation profonde dans le projet et l'importance de son action au quotidien, il suffit de regarder ses contributions. Hégesippe est donc occasionnellement un casse-burne archi-susceptible mais je suis sûr qu'il sera un admin scrupuleux. On élit pas le nouveau gourou du projet hein, d'ailleurs il y a en déjà un auto-proclamé qui s'agite quelques lignes au-dessus :) villy 15 jan 2005 à 21:59 (CET) Et bien, pour avoir vu le vandalisme répété de Madame'Michu sur Wikipédia:Pages à supprimer, et sa manière de réagir à l'emporte pièce, je serai des plus inquiet de le voir avec le droit de supprimer des pages. Il n'y a rien de perso la dedans. greatpatton 15 jan 2005 à 22:15 (CET) Il voulait amener les gens à réflechir et quelques uns l'ont fait suite à ses démonstrations, je suis certain qu'il sera plus modérer quand il utilisera sa casquette d'administrateur. J'espère aussi qu'en tant que contributeur il essaiera d'être un peu plus diplomate mais sans changer son style. phe 15 jan 2005 à 22:53 (CET) Modéré ou pas, je lui fais entièrement confiance pour savoir s'abstenir de supprimer une page qui engendre débat dont il est partie prenante. Par ailleurs, totalement d'accord avec tout ce que dit villy ci-dessus. notafish }<';> 16 jan 2005 à 01:20 (CET) Tiens, villy pour être sérieux cinq minutes, je te propose un peu de lecture : Wikipédia:Quelle encyclopédie ? si ça passe ... Hervé Tigier ✉ 15 jan 2005 à 22:39 (CET) Perso, je trouverais surprenant qu'un utilisateur mentionné dans Wikipédia:Editeurs_problématiques depuis 3 mois soit promu admin. Et HC n'hésite pas à utiliser la diffamation et les attaques personnelles quand il y a qq chose à gagner. Yann 15 jan 2005 à 22:31 (CET) Yannf combien de fois as-tu été dans éditeurs problématiques et en a tu été retiré, combien de plainte contre toi (plus ou moins motivé) ? Je ferais remarquer aussi que la personne qui est le plus intervenu dans le cas de Hegesippe dans éditeur problématiques n'est autre que 82.224.88.52. D'ailleurs je me demande bien pourquoi Hegesippe est encore cité dans cette page et n'en a pas été retiré. Y-t-il une procédure ou est-ce au bon vouloir du premier qui y pense ? Marc devrait s'exprimer sur ce point vu que c'est lui qui a mis Hégé dans éditeurs problématiques. phe 15 jan 2005 à 22:53 (CET) D'après la page des éditeurs problématiques, « La discussion permettra d'établir les opinions du reste de la communauté.» Je pense que les opinions du reste de la communauté sont établies et qu'il n'y a aucune suite à donner. Suffit-il de supprimer la discussion ? Marc Mongenet 17 jan 2005 à 12:56 (CET) Vu que c'est HC lui-même qui m'a mis dans les éditeurs problématiques (après SL), l'argument est malvenu ici. Yann 24 jan 2005 à 15:03 (CET) Yann, que peut-on gagner dans wikipédia? Cela dit de façon plus générale je suis surpris par la teneur de certains arguments hostiles à la candidature de notre protéiforme Hégésipe. Est-ce que le fait d'avoir plusieurs pseudo pose problème? (surtout qu'ils sont devenus secret de polichinelle) Moi j'en utilise deux en intervenant sur des thèmes différents il me semblait qu'on était libre de faire comme bon nous semble. La seule chose qui compte c'est le degré d'implication dans le projet de notre candidat (qui est fort tout le monde en convient meme ses adversaires) et sa profession de foi en haut de cette page qui à mon sens est l'une des plus honnête jamais écrite. Enfin par pitié Hervé cesse ce rôle d'arbitre des élégances distribuant les bons et les mauvais points cela devient insupportable . Lucas thierry 15 jan 2005 à 23:04 (CET) - Mon très cher Lucas thierry, je ne sais si je peux me permettre de te faire remarquer que tu donnes à mon avis trop de poids à mes propos. Comme il n'y a aucune chance que je change de style, je vais devoir m'expliquer et m'expliquer encore, bien que cela me coûte puisque je considère qu'il n'y a pas à chercher "midi à quatorze heures" dans ce que je dis. Donc leçon suivante : On demande ou recommande que les votes non soient accompagnés de leurs arguments pour être pris en considération >> j'ai donc donné mon appréciation du candidat aussi précisément que possible (étant le premier contre alors qu'il y avait déjà 6-7 pour) >> Point barre. Si vous voulez comprendre mon appréciation comme une tentative d'influence des votes, libre à vous (ce n'est pas ma conception des choses !). Il n'y a donc aucune contreproductivité à mon délire. Ma grandiloquence finale atteste bien d'ailleurs que dans tout ce qui précédait, je n'étais que dans la pure justification de mon vote. D'ailleurs si j'avais anticipé qu'autant de "non" suivraient, je me serais abstenu de cette emphase, croyez-moi ! Stop ! Hervé Tigier ✉ 16 jan 2005 à 09:47 (CET) (pourrais-tu en page perso me préciser quand et où tu estimes que je donne des points aux autres, cela m'intéresse) Vu que moi aussi j'ai eu affaire à l'intéressé, et que j'ai voté contre sa candidature, je me permet de justifier ce vote. Ca n'est pas parce qu'il y a eu un désaccord que je vote contre lui, c'est par la façon dont il a traité ce désaccord. N'ésitant pas à inventer des règles qui n'existent pas, à sortir un fait de son contexte pour se justifier, multipliants les pages concernant un problèmes histoire de noyer le poisson,... Une personne aussi caractérielle que lui ayant le pouvoir de bloquer un utilisateur ou d'effacer une page est à mon avis une source de conflits nombreux et répétés. J'ai pesé les points positifs et les points négatifs, et je suis désolé, mais pour moi, sa nomination en tant qu'admin ne peut que conduire à plus de problèmes. Je pense que wikipédia à déjà assez de choses a régler pour le moment, et perdre une énergie concidérable dans la gestion des conflits qui vont certainements suivre me semble contre-productif à un point élevé. Pourrait-il être un bon admin? Peut-être. Lui donner un status d'admin créera-t-il des problèmes? certainement.Nicnac25 17 jan 2005 à 17:02 (CET) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [modifier] Archeos Candidature déposée le 25 janvier 2005 Voilà les raisons qui me poussent à poser ma candidature : bien qu'être administrateur n'offre pas énormément de pouvoirs, il me semble que pouvoir bloquer certaines pages et surtout, en supprimer certaines rapidement me serait utile, et donc utile à la communauté, dans mon travail quotidien d'édition. Et ce d'autant plus, que je passe singulièrement plus de temps, récemment, sur la page Special:newpages, que sur les pages Corée ; les administrateurs font souvent remarquer, notamment sur le blog, qu'ils ne sont pas assez nombreux ; ainsi je soulagerai un peu le poids que le travail qui leur incombe fait peser sur leurs épaules (:-)). J'ajoute que la fonction Administrateur est bien exagérée à mon avis, et que plus il y en aura, plus la fonction se démythifiera. J'ai un deuxième pseudo, Azoee. Je m'en sers pour éditer les pages à contenu interdit aux moins de 16 ans. À peser dans la balance, tout comme j'ai d'abord commencé à contribuer essentiellement dans le domaine de l'histoire militaire, puis celui de l'histoire de la Corée, puis celui de la Côte d'Ivoire, puis à la maintenance générale du site, rien ne garantit que je serai ad vitam æternam un administrateur très actif. Pour tout ce qui est des points positifs et négatifs habituels, je pense que vous avez pu vous faire une idée par vous-même. Voilà, tout ce que j'espère, c'est obtenir votre approbation, et que une fois élu, les fonctions supplémentaires liées au poste d'administrateur ne ralentissent pas le chargement des pages. [modifier] Pour Roby ✉ (http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Discussion_Utilisateur:Roby&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new) 25 jan 2005 à 09:25 (CET) Caton 25 jan 2005 à 09:30 (CET) ske 25 jan 2005 à 09:32 (CET) Hervé Tigier ✉ 25 jan 2005 à 09:52 (CET) Treanna °¿° 25 jan 2005 à 09:57 (CET) A☮ineko ✍ « supprimer certaines [pages] rapidement », pas trop rapidement quand même ;o) Jyp 25 jan 2005 à 10:01 (CET) :-) Tipiac 25 jan 2005 à 10:07 (CET) Sans problème bien sur Gérard 25 jan 2005 à 10:09 (CET) Hibisco-da-Ilha 25 jan 2005 à 10:24 (CET) [modifier] Contre vote ici [modifier] Neutre vote ici -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [modifier] Autres liens Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs Conditions d'accès au statut d'administrateur, voir Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs. Wikipédia:Blogadmins Supprimer une page : comment ça marche. | Bienvenue | Contribuer | Discuter | Pages à suivre | Règles | Wikipédiens | + Administrateurs | Relations sociales entre Wikipédiens | Wikipédiens | Wikipédiens par découverte du site | Wikipédiens par pays | Wikipédiens par thèmes d'intérêt | WikiLove |WikiMonnaie | Wikipédiholisme | Wikipediholiques confessés | Trombinoscope Récupérée de « http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Administrateur » Catégories: Wikipédia:aide 2199 2005-01-26T11:31:56Z Bombo 12 '''Cet article n'est pas encore traduit en lingala. S'il vous plaît, traduisez un paragraphe, si vous pouvez. Merci!''' Cet article a pour but de décrire tout le statut d' '''administrateur''' (aussi nommé sysop) de la '''Wikipédia lingala'''. Pour consulter la liste des admins, voir Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs. Note : il existe aussi un statut de développeur qui inclut pour l'instant les droits d'administrateur. == Pourquoi des administrateurs ? == Assurer la maintenance d'un site comme Wikipédia où tout visiteur peut modifier la quasi-totalité des pages nécessite des outils puissants permettant, par exemple, de réparer des erreurs, d'effacer des pages non pertinentes, de bloquer temporairement des pages ou des vandales. Pour des raisons évidentes de sécurité, de tels outils ne peuvent être mis à la disposition de tous. C'est pourquoi le statut d'administrateur existe. Il est attribué à des contributeurs de Wikipédia qui en font la demande et en qui la communauté donne sa confiance. Voir Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs. == Ce que peut faire un administrateur == Les administrateurs ont accès à des fonctionnalités supplémentaires sur Wikipédia. Ils peuvent : *protéger et déprotéger des pages ainsi qu'éditer les pages protégées. Pour plus d'informations, voir Wikipédia:Page protégée; *supprimer des pages et leur historique. Pour plus d'information, voir Wikipedia:Pages à supprimer; *consulter et restaurer les pages supprimées par un autre administrateur en regardant dans les archives seulement accessibles aux administrateurs; *bloquer des adresses IP (voir Wikipédia:Blocage) et des utilisateurs enregistrés; *éditer les messages de l'interface grâce à l'espace MediaWiki; *faire des requêtes directes sur la base de données (voir Wikipédia:Requêtes SQL (ou Database queries) (fonction actuellement désactivée); Ce que ne peut pas faire un administrateur Un administrateur ne dispose pas d'informations supplémentaires, telles que les adresses IP ou courriel d'un utilisateur. == Droits et devoirs == Le devoir d'un administrateur est d'exécuter les décisions que la communauté (dont il fait partie) a prises. En tant qu'éditeur, un administrateur a les mêmes droits et devoirs que tous les utilisateurs de Wikipédia : *participer aux articles qui l'intéressent ; *répondre aux questions dans la mesure de ses moyens ; *souhaiter la bienvenue aux nouveaux ; *faire un peu de nettoyage (comme par exemple dans le bistro) ; *vérifier que les articles et les images ne sont pas sous copyright ; *effacer le contenu considéré comme vandalisme (en vidant la page). En aucun cas un administrateur n'a davantage de pouvoir que les non administrateurs en matières de création, d'édition, de forme, de contenu, de ligne directrice. Un administrateur doit être au service d'une meilleure fluidité de fonctionnement des pages et de leurs rapports entre elles et a un rôle de protecteur de l'information contre le vandalisme. Contrairement à ce que beaucoup de personnes croient, le nettoyage, la vérification de copyright et la suppression de vandalisme ne sont ni un privilège, ni une obligation des administrateurs. Tout le monde peut le faire et tout le monde a le droit de ne pas le faire. == Limitations == Un administrateur doit toujours demander la permission de la communauté avant d'utiliser les fonctionnalités supplémentaires dont il dispose. En aucun cas, il ne doit : *bloquer une page sur laquelle il est en conflit d'édition avec d'autres contributeurs ; *bloquer un utilisateur sans passer par la procédure habituelle sur Wikipédia:Vandalisme en cours ; *effacer une page sans l'avoir préalablement listée sur la page Wikipédia:Pages à supprimer ; Voir : Wikipédia:Administrateur/Règlement Exception est faite des petits vandalismes (une personne crée une page pour passer un coucou) que les utilisateurs non administrateurs doivent vider et qu'un administrateur peut effacer sans passer par la page Wikipédia:Pages à supprimer. Cela ne concerne que les pages ne contenant aucune information pertinente pour l'encyclopédie. Les ébauches signalées ne doivent en aucun cas être effacées sans préavis. == Modalités d'accès au statut == Important : Les modalités de nomination des administrateurs, ainsi que leurs devoirs, sont en cours de discussion sur la page Wikipédia:Prise de décision/Administrateur. Venez vous exprimer. Les points suivants ont été votés : === Déclaration de la candidature : === La candidature se fera sur la page Wikipédia:Administrateur et sera relayée au Bistro et sur la liste de diffusion francophone (wikifr-l@wikipedia.org). cf. Archive (http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Prise_de_d%C3%A9cision/Administrateur&amp;amp;oldid=343766#Déclaration_de_la_candidature) === Durée du statut d'administrateur === Il n'y a pas de limite temporelle à l'exercice de la fonction d'administrateur. La perte du statut se fera donc au cas par cas. cf.Archive (http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Prise_de_d%C3%A9cision/Administrateur&amp;oldid=358004) === Destitution : === Un administrateur est autorisé à demander sa destitution. cf. Archive (http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Prise_de_d%C3%A9cision/Administrateur&amp;oldid=343766) == Conséquences d'un abus de pouvoir == Un abus de pouvoir de la part d'un administrateur est une utilisation malhonnête des outils de maintenance qui sont à sa disposition (voir #Ce que peut faire un administrateur) en dehors des cas permis (voir #Limitations). Si vous pensez rencontrer ce genre d'abus, listez-les ci-dessous en proposant la sanction qui devrait selon vous être appliquée. Si possible, indiquez une URL par exemple de modification de page prouvant un abus. Voir Wikipédia:Prise de décision/Administrateur/Abus et sanctions == Propositions de candidature en cours == En attendant, l'issue des votes, on peut sans doute s'instruire avec Wikipédia:Idées-Administrateurs. À commencer par les candidat(e)s... xyz '''Pour''' '''Contre''' '''Abstention''' -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Commentaires -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [modifier] Autres liens Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs Conditions d'accès au statut d'administrateur, voir Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs. Wikipédia:Blogadmins Supprimer une page : comment ça marche. | Bienvenue | Contribuer | Discuter | Pages à suivre | Règles | Wikipédiens | + Administrateurs | Relations sociales entre Wikipédiens | Wikipédiens | Wikipédiens par découverte du site | Wikipédiens par pays | Wikipédiens par thèmes d'intérêt | WikiLove |WikiMonnaie | Wikipédiholisme | Wikipediholiques confessés | Trombinoscope Récupérée de « http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Administrateur » Catégories: Wikipédia:aide 2280 2005-01-26T11:38:50Z Bombo 12 '''Cet article n'est pas encore traduit en lingala. S'il vous plaît, traduisez un paragraphe, si vous pouvez. Merci!''' Cet article a pour but de décrire tout le statut d' '''administrateur''' (aussi nommé sysop) de la '''Wikipédia lingala'''. Pour consulter la liste des admins, voir Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs. Note : il existe aussi un statut de développeur qui inclut pour l'instant les droits d'administrateur. == Pourquoi des administrateurs ? == Assurer la maintenance d'un site comme Wikipédia où tout visiteur peut modifier la quasi-totalité des pages nécessite des outils puissants permettant, par exemple, de réparer des erreurs, d'effacer des pages non pertinentes, de bloquer temporairement des pages ou des vandales. Pour des raisons évidentes de sécurité, de tels outils ne peuvent être mis à la disposition de tous. C'est pourquoi le statut d'administrateur existe. Il est attribué à des contributeurs de Wikipédia qui en font la demande et en qui la communauté donne sa confiance. Voir Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs. === Ce que peut faire un administrateur === Les administrateurs ont accès à des fonctionnalités supplémentaires sur Wikipédia. Ils peuvent : *protéger et déprotéger des pages ainsi qu'éditer les pages protégées. Pour plus d'informations, voir Wikipédia:Page protégée; *supprimer des pages et leur historique. Pour plus d'information, voir Wikipedia:Pages à supprimer; *consulter et restaurer les pages supprimées par un autre administrateur en regardant dans les archives seulement accessibles aux administrateurs; *bloquer des adresses IP (voir Wikipédia:Blocage) et des utilisateurs enregistrés; *éditer les messages de l'interface grâce à l'espace MediaWiki; *faire des requêtes directes sur la base de données (voir Wikipédia:Requêtes SQL (ou Database queries) (fonction actuellement désactivée); Ce que ne peut pas faire un administrateur Un administrateur ne dispose pas d'informations supplémentaires, telles que les adresses IP ou courriel d'un utilisateur. === Droits et devoirs === Le devoir d'un administrateur est d'exécuter les décisions que la communauté (dont il fait partie) a prises. En tant qu'éditeur, un administrateur a les mêmes droits et devoirs que tous les utilisateurs de Wikipédia : *participer aux articles qui l'intéressent ; *répondre aux questions dans la mesure de ses moyens ; *souhaiter la bienvenue aux nouveaux ; *faire un peu de nettoyage (comme par exemple dans le bistro) ; *vérifier que les articles et les images ne sont pas sous copyright ; *effacer le contenu considéré comme vandalisme (en vidant la page). En aucun cas un administrateur n'a davantage de pouvoir que les non administrateurs en matières de création, d'édition, de forme, de contenu, de ligne directrice. Un administrateur doit être au service d'une meilleure fluidité de fonctionnement des pages et de leurs rapports entre elles et a un rôle de protecteur de l'information contre le vandalisme. Contrairement à ce que beaucoup de personnes croient, le nettoyage, la vérification de copyright et la suppression de vandalisme ne sont ni un privilège, ni une obligation des administrateurs. Tout le monde peut le faire et tout le monde a le droit de ne pas le faire. === Limitations === Un administrateur doit toujours demander la permission de la communauté avant d'utiliser les fonctionnalités supplémentaires dont il dispose. En aucun cas, il ne doit : *bloquer une page sur laquelle il est en conflit d'édition avec d'autres contributeurs ; *bloquer un utilisateur sans passer par la procédure habituelle sur Wikipédia:Vandalisme en cours ; *effacer une page sans l'avoir préalablement listée sur la page Wikipédia:Pages à supprimer ; Voir : Wikipédia:Administrateur/Règlement Exception est faite des petits vandalismes (une personne crée une page pour passer un coucou) que les utilisateurs non administrateurs doivent vider et qu'un administrateur peut effacer sans passer par la page Wikipédia:Pages à supprimer. Cela ne concerne que les pages ne contenant aucune information pertinente pour l'encyclopédie. Les ébauches signalées ne doivent en aucun cas être effacées sans préavis. == Modalités d'accès au statut == Important : Les modalités de nomination des administrateurs, ainsi que leurs devoirs, sont en cours de discussion sur la page Wikipédia:Prise de décision/Administrateur. Venez vous exprimer. Les points suivants ont été votés : === Déclaration de la candidature : === La candidature se fera sur la page Wikipédia:Administrateur et sera relayée au Bistro et sur la liste de diffusion francophone (wikifr-l@wikipedia.org). cf. Archive (http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Prise_de_d%C3%A9cision/Administrateur&amp;amp;oldid=343766#Déclaration_de_la_candidature) === Durée du statut d'administrateur === Il n'y a pas de limite temporelle à l'exercice de la fonction d'administrateur. La perte du statut se fera donc au cas par cas. cf.Archive (http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Prise_de_d%C3%A9cision/Administrateur&amp;oldid=358004) === Destitution : === Un administrateur est autorisé à demander sa destitution. cf. Archive (http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Prise_de_d%C3%A9cision/Administrateur&amp;oldid=343766) == Conséquences d'un abus de pouvoir == Un abus de pouvoir de la part d'un administrateur est une utilisation malhonnête des outils de maintenance qui sont à sa disposition (voir #Ce que peut faire un administrateur) en dehors des cas permis (voir #Limitations). Si vous pensez rencontrer ce genre d'abus, listez-les ci-dessous en proposant la sanction qui devrait selon vous être appliquée. Si possible, indiquez une URL par exemple de modification de page prouvant un abus. Voir Wikipédia:Prise de décision/Administrateur/Abus et sanctions ==Propositions de candidature en cours== <center><small>{{purger le cache}}</small></center> En attendant, l'issue des votes, on peut sans doute s'instruire avec [[Wikipédia:Idées-Administrateurs]]. À commencer par les candidat(e)s... <!-- Pour ouvrir une nouvelle candidature, veuillez insérer {{Wikipédia:Administrateur/votre_login}} à la suite des autres puis créer la sous-page en question. Celle-ci doit contenir ===[[Utilisateur:login|login]]=== ====Pour==== ====Contre==== ====Abstention==== --> {{Wikipédia:Administrateur/Meanos}} ---- {{Wikipédia:Administrateur/Hégésippe Cormier}} ---- {{Wikipédia:Administrateur/Archeos}} ---- {{Wikipédia:Administrateur/Semnoz}} ---- {{Wikipédia:Administrateur/Woww}} ---- ==Autres liens== *[[Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs]] * Conditions d'accès au statut d'administrateur, voir [[Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs]]. * [[Wikipédia:Blogadmins]] *[[Wikipédia:Administrateur/Processus de suppression|Supprimer une page]] : comment ça marche. <br/> {{Wikipedien}} 2281 2005-03-05T11:53:39Z Bombo 12 /* Déclaration de la candidature : */ '''Cet article n'est pas encore traduit en lingala. S'il vous plaît, traduisez un paragraphe, si vous pouvez. Merci!''' Cet article a pour but de décrire tout le statut d' '''administrateur''' (aussi nommé sysop) de la '''Wikipédia lingala'''. Pour consulter la liste des admins, voir Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs. Note : il existe aussi un statut de développeur qui inclut pour l'instant les droits d'administrateur. == Pourquoi des administrateurs ? == Assurer la maintenance d'un site comme Wikipédia où tout visiteur peut modifier la quasi-totalité des pages nécessite des outils puissants permettant, par exemple, de réparer des erreurs, d'effacer des pages non pertinentes, de bloquer temporairement des pages ou des vandales. Pour des raisons évidentes de sécurité, de tels outils ne peuvent être mis à la disposition de tous. C'est pourquoi le statut d'administrateur existe. Il est attribué à des contributeurs de Wikipédia qui en font la demande et en qui la communauté donne sa confiance. Voir Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs. === Ce que peut faire un administrateur === Les administrateurs ont accès à des fonctionnalités supplémentaires sur Wikipédia. Ils peuvent : *protéger et déprotéger des pages ainsi qu'éditer les pages protégées. Pour plus d'informations, voir Wikipédia:Page protégée; *supprimer des pages et leur historique. Pour plus d'information, voir Wikipedia:Pages à supprimer; *consulter et restaurer les pages supprimées par un autre administrateur en regardant dans les archives seulement accessibles aux administrateurs; *bloquer des adresses IP (voir Wikipédia:Blocage) et des utilisateurs enregistrés; *éditer les messages de l'interface grâce à l'espace MediaWiki; *faire des requêtes directes sur la base de données (voir Wikipédia:Requêtes SQL (ou Database queries) (fonction actuellement désactivée); Ce que ne peut pas faire un administrateur Un administrateur ne dispose pas d'informations supplémentaires, telles que les adresses IP ou courriel d'un utilisateur. === Droits et devoirs === Le devoir d'un administrateur est d'exécuter les décisions que la communauté (dont il fait partie) a prises. En tant qu'éditeur, un administrateur a les mêmes droits et devoirs que tous les utilisateurs de Wikipédia : *participer aux articles qui l'intéressent ; *répondre aux questions dans la mesure de ses moyens ; *souhaiter la bienvenue aux nouveaux ; *faire un peu de nettoyage (comme par exemple dans le bistro) ; *vérifier que les articles et les images ne sont pas sous copyright ; *effacer le contenu considéré comme vandalisme (en vidant la page). En aucun cas un administrateur n'a davantage de pouvoir que les non administrateurs en matières de création, d'édition, de forme, de contenu, de ligne directrice. Un administrateur doit être au service d'une meilleure fluidité de fonctionnement des pages et de leurs rapports entre elles et a un rôle de protecteur de l'information contre le vandalisme. Contrairement à ce que beaucoup de personnes croient, le nettoyage, la vérification de copyright et la suppression de vandalisme ne sont ni un privilège, ni une obligation des administrateurs. Tout le monde peut le faire et tout le monde a le droit de ne pas le faire. === Limitations === Un administrateur doit toujours demander la permission de la communauté avant d'utiliser les fonctionnalités supplémentaires dont il dispose. En aucun cas, il ne doit : *bloquer une page sur laquelle il est en conflit d'édition avec d'autres contributeurs ; *bloquer un utilisateur sans passer par la procédure habituelle sur Wikipédia:Vandalisme en cours ; *effacer une page sans l'avoir préalablement listée sur la page Wikipédia:Pages à supprimer ; Voir : Wikipédia:Administrateur/Règlement Exception est faite des petits vandalismes (une personne crée une page pour passer un coucou) que les utilisateurs non administrateurs doivent vider et qu'un administrateur peut effacer sans passer par la page Wikipédia:Pages à supprimer. Cela ne concerne que les pages ne contenant aucune information pertinente pour l'encyclopédie. Les ébauches signalées ne doivent en aucun cas être effacées sans préavis. == Modalités d'accès au statut == Important : Les modalités de nomination des administrateurs, ainsi que leurs devoirs, sont en cours de discussion sur la page Wikipédia:Prise de décision/Administrateur. Venez vous exprimer. Les points suivants ont été votés : === Déclaration de la candidature : === La candidature se fera sur la page Wikipédia:Administrator et sera relayée à la page communotaire === Durée du statut d'administrateur === Il n'y a pas de limite temporelle à l'exercice de la fonction d'administrateur. La perte du statut se fera donc au cas par cas. cf.Archive (http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Prise_de_d%C3%A9cision/Administrateur&amp;oldid=358004) === Destitution : === Un administrateur est autorisé à demander sa destitution. cf. Archive (http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Prise_de_d%C3%A9cision/Administrateur&amp;oldid=343766) == Conséquences d'un abus de pouvoir == Un abus de pouvoir de la part d'un administrateur est une utilisation malhonnête des outils de maintenance qui sont à sa disposition (voir #Ce que peut faire un administrateur) en dehors des cas permis (voir #Limitations). Si vous pensez rencontrer ce genre d'abus, listez-les ci-dessous en proposant la sanction qui devrait selon vous être appliquée. Si possible, indiquez une URL par exemple de modification de page prouvant un abus. Voir Wikipédia:Prise de décision/Administrateur/Abus et sanctions ==Propositions de candidature en cours== <center><small>{{purger le cache}}</small></center> En attendant, l'issue des votes, on peut sans doute s'instruire avec [[Wikipédia:Idées-Administrateurs]]. À commencer par les candidat(e)s... <!-- Pour ouvrir une nouvelle candidature, veuillez insérer {{Wikipédia:Administrateur/votre_login}} à la suite des autres puis créer la sous-page en question. Celle-ci doit contenir ===[[Utilisateur:login|login]]=== ====Pour==== ====Contre==== ====Abstention==== --> {{Wikipédia:Administrateur/Meanos}} ---- {{Wikipédia:Administrateur/Hégésippe Cormier}} ---- {{Wikipédia:Administrateur/Archeos}} ---- {{Wikipédia:Administrateur/Semnoz}} ---- {{Wikipédia:Administrateur/Woww}} ---- ==Autres liens== *[[Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs]] * Conditions d'accès au statut d'administrateur, voir [[Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs]]. * [[Wikipédia:Blogadmins]] *[[Wikipédia:Administrateur/Processus de suppression|Supprimer une page]] : comment ça marche. <br/> {{Wikipedien}} 2282 2005-03-05T11:55:03Z Bombo 12 /* Durée du statut d'administrateur */ '''Cet article n'est pas encore traduit en lingala. S'il vous plaît, traduisez un paragraphe, si vous pouvez. Merci!''' Cet article a pour but de décrire tout le statut d' '''administrateur''' (aussi nommé sysop) de la '''Wikipédia lingala'''. Pour consulter la liste des admins, voir Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs. Note : il existe aussi un statut de développeur qui inclut pour l'instant les droits d'administrateur. == Pourquoi des administrateurs ? == Assurer la maintenance d'un site comme Wikipédia où tout visiteur peut modifier la quasi-totalité des pages nécessite des outils puissants permettant, par exemple, de réparer des erreurs, d'effacer des pages non pertinentes, de bloquer temporairement des pages ou des vandales. Pour des raisons évidentes de sécurité, de tels outils ne peuvent être mis à la disposition de tous. C'est pourquoi le statut d'administrateur existe. Il est attribué à des contributeurs de Wikipédia qui en font la demande et en qui la communauté donne sa confiance. Voir Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs. === Ce que peut faire un administrateur === Les administrateurs ont accès à des fonctionnalités supplémentaires sur Wikipédia. Ils peuvent : *protéger et déprotéger des pages ainsi qu'éditer les pages protégées. Pour plus d'informations, voir Wikipédia:Page protégée; *supprimer des pages et leur historique. Pour plus d'information, voir Wikipedia:Pages à supprimer; *consulter et restaurer les pages supprimées par un autre administrateur en regardant dans les archives seulement accessibles aux administrateurs; *bloquer des adresses IP (voir Wikipédia:Blocage) et des utilisateurs enregistrés; *éditer les messages de l'interface grâce à l'espace MediaWiki; *faire des requêtes directes sur la base de données (voir Wikipédia:Requêtes SQL (ou Database queries) (fonction actuellement désactivée); Ce que ne peut pas faire un administrateur Un administrateur ne dispose pas d'informations supplémentaires, telles que les adresses IP ou courriel d'un utilisateur. === Droits et devoirs === Le devoir d'un administrateur est d'exécuter les décisions que la communauté (dont il fait partie) a prises. En tant qu'éditeur, un administrateur a les mêmes droits et devoirs que tous les utilisateurs de Wikipédia : *participer aux articles qui l'intéressent ; *répondre aux questions dans la mesure de ses moyens ; *souhaiter la bienvenue aux nouveaux ; *faire un peu de nettoyage (comme par exemple dans le bistro) ; *vérifier que les articles et les images ne sont pas sous copyright ; *effacer le contenu considéré comme vandalisme (en vidant la page). En aucun cas un administrateur n'a davantage de pouvoir que les non administrateurs en matières de création, d'édition, de forme, de contenu, de ligne directrice. Un administrateur doit être au service d'une meilleure fluidité de fonctionnement des pages et de leurs rapports entre elles et a un rôle de protecteur de l'information contre le vandalisme. Contrairement à ce que beaucoup de personnes croient, le nettoyage, la vérification de copyright et la suppression de vandalisme ne sont ni un privilège, ni une obligation des administrateurs. Tout le monde peut le faire et tout le monde a le droit de ne pas le faire. === Limitations === Un administrateur doit toujours demander la permission de la communauté avant d'utiliser les fonctionnalités supplémentaires dont il dispose. En aucun cas, il ne doit : *bloquer une page sur laquelle il est en conflit d'édition avec d'autres contributeurs ; *bloquer un utilisateur sans passer par la procédure habituelle sur Wikipédia:Vandalisme en cours ; *effacer une page sans l'avoir préalablement listée sur la page Wikipédia:Pages à supprimer ; Voir : Wikipédia:Administrateur/Règlement Exception est faite des petits vandalismes (une personne crée une page pour passer un coucou) que les utilisateurs non administrateurs doivent vider et qu'un administrateur peut effacer sans passer par la page Wikipédia:Pages à supprimer. Cela ne concerne que les pages ne contenant aucune information pertinente pour l'encyclopédie. Les ébauches signalées ne doivent en aucun cas être effacées sans préavis. == Modalités d'accès au statut == Important : Les modalités de nomination des administrateurs, ainsi que leurs devoirs, sont en cours de discussion sur la page Wikipédia:Prise de décision/Administrateur. Venez vous exprimer. Les points suivants ont été votés : === Déclaration de la candidature : === La candidature se fera sur la page Wikipédia:Administrator et sera relayée à la page communotaire === Durée du statut d'administrateur === Il n'y a pas de limite temporelle à l'exercice de la fonction d'administrateur. La perte du statut se fera donc au cas par cas. === Destitution : === Un administrateur est autorisé à demander sa destitution. cf. Archive (http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Prise_de_d%C3%A9cision/Administrateur&amp;oldid=343766) == Conséquences d'un abus de pouvoir == Un abus de pouvoir de la part d'un administrateur est une utilisation malhonnête des outils de maintenance qui sont à sa disposition (voir #Ce que peut faire un administrateur) en dehors des cas permis (voir #Limitations). Si vous pensez rencontrer ce genre d'abus, listez-les ci-dessous en proposant la sanction qui devrait selon vous être appliquée. Si possible, indiquez une URL par exemple de modification de page prouvant un abus. Voir Wikipédia:Prise de décision/Administrateur/Abus et sanctions ==Propositions de candidature en cours== <center><small>{{purger le cache}}</small></center> En attendant, l'issue des votes, on peut sans doute s'instruire avec [[Wikipédia:Idées-Administrateurs]]. À commencer par les candidat(e)s... <!-- Pour ouvrir une nouvelle candidature, veuillez insérer {{Wikipédia:Administrateur/votre_login}} à la suite des autres puis créer la sous-page en question. Celle-ci doit contenir ===[[Utilisateur:login|login]]=== ====Pour==== ====Contre==== ====Abstention==== --> {{Wikipédia:Administrateur/Meanos}} ---- {{Wikipédia:Administrateur/Hégésippe Cormier}} ---- {{Wikipédia:Administrateur/Archeos}} ---- {{Wikipédia:Administrateur/Semnoz}} ---- {{Wikipédia:Administrateur/Woww}} ---- ==Autres liens== *[[Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs]] * Conditions d'accès au statut d'administrateur, voir [[Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs]]. * [[Wikipédia:Blogadmins]] *[[Wikipédia:Administrateur/Processus de suppression|Supprimer une page]] : comment ça marche. <br/> {{Wikipedien}} 2283 2005-03-05T11:55:36Z Bombo 12 /* Destitution : */ '''Cet article n'est pas encore traduit en lingala. S'il vous plaît, traduisez un paragraphe, si vous pouvez. Merci!''' Cet article a pour but de décrire tout le statut d' '''administrateur''' (aussi nommé sysop) de la '''Wikipédia lingala'''. Pour consulter la liste des admins, voir Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs. Note : il existe aussi un statut de développeur qui inclut pour l'instant les droits d'administrateur. == Pourquoi des administrateurs ? == Assurer la maintenance d'un site comme Wikipédia où tout visiteur peut modifier la quasi-totalité des pages nécessite des outils puissants permettant, par exemple, de réparer des erreurs, d'effacer des pages non pertinentes, de bloquer temporairement des pages ou des vandales. Pour des raisons évidentes de sécurité, de tels outils ne peuvent être mis à la disposition de tous. C'est pourquoi le statut d'administrateur existe. Il est attribué à des contributeurs de Wikipédia qui en font la demande et en qui la communauté donne sa confiance. Voir Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs. === Ce que peut faire un administrateur === Les administrateurs ont accès à des fonctionnalités supplémentaires sur Wikipédia. Ils peuvent : *protéger et déprotéger des pages ainsi qu'éditer les pages protégées. Pour plus d'informations, voir Wikipédia:Page protégée; *supprimer des pages et leur historique. Pour plus d'information, voir Wikipedia:Pages à supprimer; *consulter et restaurer les pages supprimées par un autre administrateur en regardant dans les archives seulement accessibles aux administrateurs; *bloquer des adresses IP (voir Wikipédia:Blocage) et des utilisateurs enregistrés; *éditer les messages de l'interface grâce à l'espace MediaWiki; *faire des requêtes directes sur la base de données (voir Wikipédia:Requêtes SQL (ou Database queries) (fonction actuellement désactivée); Ce que ne peut pas faire un administrateur Un administrateur ne dispose pas d'informations supplémentaires, telles que les adresses IP ou courriel d'un utilisateur. === Droits et devoirs === Le devoir d'un administrateur est d'exécuter les décisions que la communauté (dont il fait partie) a prises. En tant qu'éditeur, un administrateur a les mêmes droits et devoirs que tous les utilisateurs de Wikipédia : *participer aux articles qui l'intéressent ; *répondre aux questions dans la mesure de ses moyens ; *souhaiter la bienvenue aux nouveaux ; *faire un peu de nettoyage (comme par exemple dans le bistro) ; *vérifier que les articles et les images ne sont pas sous copyright ; *effacer le contenu considéré comme vandalisme (en vidant la page). En aucun cas un administrateur n'a davantage de pouvoir que les non administrateurs en matières de création, d'édition, de forme, de contenu, de ligne directrice. Un administrateur doit être au service d'une meilleure fluidité de fonctionnement des pages et de leurs rapports entre elles et a un rôle de protecteur de l'information contre le vandalisme. Contrairement à ce que beaucoup de personnes croient, le nettoyage, la vérification de copyright et la suppression de vandalisme ne sont ni un privilège, ni une obligation des administrateurs. Tout le monde peut le faire et tout le monde a le droit de ne pas le faire. === Limitations === Un administrateur doit toujours demander la permission de la communauté avant d'utiliser les fonctionnalités supplémentaires dont il dispose. En aucun cas, il ne doit : *bloquer une page sur laquelle il est en conflit d'édition avec d'autres contributeurs ; *bloquer un utilisateur sans passer par la procédure habituelle sur Wikipédia:Vandalisme en cours ; *effacer une page sans l'avoir préalablement listée sur la page Wikipédia:Pages à supprimer ; Voir : Wikipédia:Administrateur/Règlement Exception est faite des petits vandalismes (une personne crée une page pour passer un coucou) que les utilisateurs non administrateurs doivent vider et qu'un administrateur peut effacer sans passer par la page Wikipédia:Pages à supprimer. Cela ne concerne que les pages ne contenant aucune information pertinente pour l'encyclopédie. Les ébauches signalées ne doivent en aucun cas être effacées sans préavis. == Modalités d'accès au statut == Important : Les modalités de nomination des administrateurs, ainsi que leurs devoirs, sont en cours de discussion sur la page Wikipédia:Prise de décision/Administrateur. Venez vous exprimer. Les points suivants ont été votés : === Déclaration de la candidature : === La candidature se fera sur la page Wikipédia:Administrator et sera relayée à la page communotaire === Durée du statut d'administrateur === Il n'y a pas de limite temporelle à l'exercice de la fonction d'administrateur. La perte du statut se fera donc au cas par cas. === Destitution : === Un administrateur est autorisé à demander sa destitution. == Conséquences d'un abus de pouvoir == Un abus de pouvoir de la part d'un administrateur est une utilisation malhonnête des outils de maintenance qui sont à sa disposition (voir #Ce que peut faire un administrateur) en dehors des cas permis (voir #Limitations). Si vous pensez rencontrer ce genre d'abus, listez-les ci-dessous en proposant la sanction qui devrait selon vous être appliquée. Si possible, indiquez une URL par exemple de modification de page prouvant un abus. Voir Wikipédia:Prise de décision/Administrateur/Abus et sanctions ==Propositions de candidature en cours== <center><small>{{purger le cache}}</small></center> En attendant, l'issue des votes, on peut sans doute s'instruire avec [[Wikipédia:Idées-Administrateurs]]. À commencer par les candidat(e)s... <!-- Pour ouvrir une nouvelle candidature, veuillez insérer {{Wikipédia:Administrateur/votre_login}} à la suite des autres puis créer la sous-page en question. Celle-ci doit contenir ===[[Utilisateur:login|login]]=== ====Pour==== ====Contre==== ====Abstention==== --> {{Wikipédia:Administrateur/Meanos}} ---- {{Wikipédia:Administrateur/Hégésippe Cormier}} ---- {{Wikipédia:Administrateur/Archeos}} ---- {{Wikipédia:Administrateur/Semnoz}} ---- {{Wikipédia:Administrateur/Woww}} ---- ==Autres liens== *[[Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs]] * Conditions d'accès au statut d'administrateur, voir [[Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs]]. * [[Wikipédia:Blogadmins]] *[[Wikipédia:Administrateur/Processus de suppression|Supprimer une page]] : comment ça marche. <br/> {{Wikipedien}} 2285 2005-03-05T12:01:14Z Bombo 12 /* Propositions de candidature en cours */ '''Cet article n'est pas encore traduit en lingala. S'il vous plaît, traduisez un paragraphe, si vous pouvez. Merci!''' Cet article a pour but de décrire tout le statut d' '''administrateur''' (aussi nommé sysop) de la '''Wikipédia lingala'''. Pour consulter la liste des admins, voir Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs. Note : il existe aussi un statut de développeur qui inclut pour l'instant les droits d'administrateur. == Pourquoi des administrateurs ? == Assurer la maintenance d'un site comme Wikipédia où tout visiteur peut modifier la quasi-totalité des pages nécessite des outils puissants permettant, par exemple, de réparer des erreurs, d'effacer des pages non pertinentes, de bloquer temporairement des pages ou des vandales. Pour des raisons évidentes de sécurité, de tels outils ne peuvent être mis à la disposition de tous. C'est pourquoi le statut d'administrateur existe. Il est attribué à des contributeurs de Wikipédia qui en font la demande et en qui la communauté donne sa confiance. Voir Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs. === Ce que peut faire un administrateur === Les administrateurs ont accès à des fonctionnalités supplémentaires sur Wikipédia. Ils peuvent : *protéger et déprotéger des pages ainsi qu'éditer les pages protégées. Pour plus d'informations, voir Wikipédia:Page protégée; *supprimer des pages et leur historique. Pour plus d'information, voir Wikipedia:Pages à supprimer; *consulter et restaurer les pages supprimées par un autre administrateur en regardant dans les archives seulement accessibles aux administrateurs; *bloquer des adresses IP (voir Wikipédia:Blocage) et des utilisateurs enregistrés; *éditer les messages de l'interface grâce à l'espace MediaWiki; *faire des requêtes directes sur la base de données (voir Wikipédia:Requêtes SQL (ou Database queries) (fonction actuellement désactivée); Ce que ne peut pas faire un administrateur Un administrateur ne dispose pas d'informations supplémentaires, telles que les adresses IP ou courriel d'un utilisateur. === Droits et devoirs === Le devoir d'un administrateur est d'exécuter les décisions que la communauté (dont il fait partie) a prises. En tant qu'éditeur, un administrateur a les mêmes droits et devoirs que tous les utilisateurs de Wikipédia : *participer aux articles qui l'intéressent ; *répondre aux questions dans la mesure de ses moyens ; *souhaiter la bienvenue aux nouveaux ; *faire un peu de nettoyage (comme par exemple dans le bistro) ; *vérifier que les articles et les images ne sont pas sous copyright ; *effacer le contenu considéré comme vandalisme (en vidant la page). En aucun cas un administrateur n'a davantage de pouvoir que les non administrateurs en matières de création, d'édition, de forme, de contenu, de ligne directrice. Un administrateur doit être au service d'une meilleure fluidité de fonctionnement des pages et de leurs rapports entre elles et a un rôle de protecteur de l'information contre le vandalisme. Contrairement à ce que beaucoup de personnes croient, le nettoyage, la vérification de copyright et la suppression de vandalisme ne sont ni un privilège, ni une obligation des administrateurs. Tout le monde peut le faire et tout le monde a le droit de ne pas le faire. === Limitations === Un administrateur doit toujours demander la permission de la communauté avant d'utiliser les fonctionnalités supplémentaires dont il dispose. En aucun cas, il ne doit : *bloquer une page sur laquelle il est en conflit d'édition avec d'autres contributeurs ; *bloquer un utilisateur sans passer par la procédure habituelle sur Wikipédia:Vandalisme en cours ; *effacer une page sans l'avoir préalablement listée sur la page Wikipédia:Pages à supprimer ; Voir : Wikipédia:Administrateur/Règlement Exception est faite des petits vandalismes (une personne crée une page pour passer un coucou) que les utilisateurs non administrateurs doivent vider et qu'un administrateur peut effacer sans passer par la page Wikipédia:Pages à supprimer. Cela ne concerne que les pages ne contenant aucune information pertinente pour l'encyclopédie. Les ébauches signalées ne doivent en aucun cas être effacées sans préavis. == Modalités d'accès au statut == Important : Les modalités de nomination des administrateurs, ainsi que leurs devoirs, sont en cours de discussion sur la page Wikipédia:Prise de décision/Administrateur. Venez vous exprimer. Les points suivants ont été votés : === Déclaration de la candidature : === La candidature se fera sur la page Wikipédia:Administrator et sera relayée à la page communotaire === Durée du statut d'administrateur === Il n'y a pas de limite temporelle à l'exercice de la fonction d'administrateur. La perte du statut se fera donc au cas par cas. === Destitution : === Un administrateur est autorisé à demander sa destitution. == Conséquences d'un abus de pouvoir == Un abus de pouvoir de la part d'un administrateur est une utilisation malhonnête des outils de maintenance qui sont à sa disposition (voir #Ce que peut faire un administrateur) en dehors des cas permis (voir #Limitations). Si vous pensez rencontrer ce genre d'abus, listez-les ci-dessous en proposant la sanction qui devrait selon vous être appliquée. Si possible, indiquez une URL par exemple de modification de page prouvant un abus. Voir Wikipédia:Prise de décision/Administrateur/Abus et sanctions ==Propositions de candidature en cours== <center><small>{{purger le cache}}</small></center> En attendant, l'issue des votes, on peut sans doute s'instruire avec [[Wikipédia:Idées-Administrateurs]]. À commencer par les candidats... <!-- Pour ouvrir une nouvelle candidature, veuillez insérer {{Wikipédia:Administrator/votre_login}} à la suite des autres puis créer la sous-page en question. Celle-ci doit contenir ===[[Utilisateur:login|login]]=== ====Pour==== ====Contre==== ====Abstention==== --> {{Wikipédia:Administrator/bombo}} ==Autres liens== *[[Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs]] * Conditions d'accès au statut d'administrateur, voir [[Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs]]. * [[Wikipédia:Blogadmins]] *[[Wikipédia:Administrateur/Processus de suppression|Supprimer une page]] : comment ça marche. <br/> {{Wikipedien}} 2286 2005-03-05T12:11:04Z Bombo 12 /* Propositions de candidature en cours */ '''Cet article n'est pas encore traduit en lingala. S'il vous plaît, traduisez un paragraphe, si vous pouvez. Merci!''' Cet article a pour but de décrire tout le statut d' '''administrateur''' (aussi nommé sysop) de la '''Wikipédia lingala'''. Pour consulter la liste des admins, voir Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs. Note : il existe aussi un statut de développeur qui inclut pour l'instant les droits d'administrateur. == Pourquoi des administrateurs ? == Assurer la maintenance d'un site comme Wikipédia où tout visiteur peut modifier la quasi-totalité des pages nécessite des outils puissants permettant, par exemple, de réparer des erreurs, d'effacer des pages non pertinentes, de bloquer temporairement des pages ou des vandales. Pour des raisons évidentes de sécurité, de tels outils ne peuvent être mis à la disposition de tous. C'est pourquoi le statut d'administrateur existe. Il est attribué à des contributeurs de Wikipédia qui en font la demande et en qui la communauté donne sa confiance. Voir Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs. === Ce que peut faire un administrateur === Les administrateurs ont accès à des fonctionnalités supplémentaires sur Wikipédia. Ils peuvent : *protéger et déprotéger des pages ainsi qu'éditer les pages protégées. Pour plus d'informations, voir Wikipédia:Page protégée; *supprimer des pages et leur historique. Pour plus d'information, voir Wikipedia:Pages à supprimer; *consulter et restaurer les pages supprimées par un autre administrateur en regardant dans les archives seulement accessibles aux administrateurs; *bloquer des adresses IP (voir Wikipédia:Blocage) et des utilisateurs enregistrés; *éditer les messages de l'interface grâce à l'espace MediaWiki; *faire des requêtes directes sur la base de données (voir Wikipédia:Requêtes SQL (ou Database queries) (fonction actuellement désactivée); Ce que ne peut pas faire un administrateur Un administrateur ne dispose pas d'informations supplémentaires, telles que les adresses IP ou courriel d'un utilisateur. === Droits et devoirs === Le devoir d'un administrateur est d'exécuter les décisions que la communauté (dont il fait partie) a prises. En tant qu'éditeur, un administrateur a les mêmes droits et devoirs que tous les utilisateurs de Wikipédia : *participer aux articles qui l'intéressent ; *répondre aux questions dans la mesure de ses moyens ; *souhaiter la bienvenue aux nouveaux ; *faire un peu de nettoyage (comme par exemple dans le bistro) ; *vérifier que les articles et les images ne sont pas sous copyright ; *effacer le contenu considéré comme vandalisme (en vidant la page). En aucun cas un administrateur n'a davantage de pouvoir que les non administrateurs en matières de création, d'édition, de forme, de contenu, de ligne directrice. Un administrateur doit être au service d'une meilleure fluidité de fonctionnement des pages et de leurs rapports entre elles et a un rôle de protecteur de l'information contre le vandalisme. Contrairement à ce que beaucoup de personnes croient, le nettoyage, la vérification de copyright et la suppression de vandalisme ne sont ni un privilège, ni une obligation des administrateurs. Tout le monde peut le faire et tout le monde a le droit de ne pas le faire. === Limitations === Un administrateur doit toujours demander la permission de la communauté avant d'utiliser les fonctionnalités supplémentaires dont il dispose. En aucun cas, il ne doit : *bloquer une page sur laquelle il est en conflit d'édition avec d'autres contributeurs ; *bloquer un utilisateur sans passer par la procédure habituelle sur Wikipédia:Vandalisme en cours ; *effacer une page sans l'avoir préalablement listée sur la page Wikipédia:Pages à supprimer ; Voir : Wikipédia:Administrateur/Règlement Exception est faite des petits vandalismes (une personne crée une page pour passer un coucou) que les utilisateurs non administrateurs doivent vider et qu'un administrateur peut effacer sans passer par la page Wikipédia:Pages à supprimer. Cela ne concerne que les pages ne contenant aucune information pertinente pour l'encyclopédie. Les ébauches signalées ne doivent en aucun cas être effacées sans préavis. == Modalités d'accès au statut == Important : Les modalités de nomination des administrateurs, ainsi que leurs devoirs, sont en cours de discussion sur la page Wikipédia:Prise de décision/Administrateur. Venez vous exprimer. Les points suivants ont été votés : === Déclaration de la candidature : === La candidature se fera sur la page Wikipédia:Administrator et sera relayée à la page communotaire === Durée du statut d'administrateur === Il n'y a pas de limite temporelle à l'exercice de la fonction d'administrateur. La perte du statut se fera donc au cas par cas. === Destitution : === Un administrateur est autorisé à demander sa destitution. == Conséquences d'un abus de pouvoir == Un abus de pouvoir de la part d'un administrateur est une utilisation malhonnête des outils de maintenance qui sont à sa disposition (voir #Ce que peut faire un administrateur) en dehors des cas permis (voir #Limitations). Si vous pensez rencontrer ce genre d'abus, listez-les ci-dessous en proposant la sanction qui devrait selon vous être appliquée. Si possible, indiquez une URL par exemple de modification de page prouvant un abus. Voir Wikipédia:Prise de décision/Administrateur/Abus et sanctions ==Propositions de candidature en cours== <center><small>{{purger le cache}}</small></center> En attendant, l'issue des votes, on peut sans doute s'instruire avec [[Wikipédia:Idées-Administrateurs]]. À commencer par les candidats... <!-- Pour ouvrir une nouvelle candidature, veuillez insérer {{Wikipédia:Administrator/votre_login}} à la suite des autres puis créer la sous-page en question. Celle-ci doit contenir ===[[Utilisateur:login|login]]=== ====Pour==== ====Contre==== ====Abstention==== --> ==Autres liens== *[[Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs]] * Conditions d'accès au statut d'administrateur, voir [[Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs]]. * [[Wikipédia:Blogadmins]] *[[Wikipédia:Administrateur/Processus de suppression|Supprimer une page]] : comment ça marche. <br/> {{Wikipedien}} 2287 2005-03-05T12:12:16Z Bombo 12 /* Propositions de candidature en cours */ '''Cet article n'est pas encore traduit en lingala. S'il vous plaît, traduisez un paragraphe, si vous pouvez. Merci!''' Cet article a pour but de décrire tout le statut d' '''administrateur''' (aussi nommé sysop) de la '''Wikipédia lingala'''. Pour consulter la liste des admins, voir Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs. Note : il existe aussi un statut de développeur qui inclut pour l'instant les droits d'administrateur. == Pourquoi des administrateurs ? == Assurer la maintenance d'un site comme Wikipédia où tout visiteur peut modifier la quasi-totalité des pages nécessite des outils puissants permettant, par exemple, de réparer des erreurs, d'effacer des pages non pertinentes, de bloquer temporairement des pages ou des vandales. Pour des raisons évidentes de sécurité, de tels outils ne peuvent être mis à la disposition de tous. C'est pourquoi le statut d'administrateur existe. Il est attribué à des contributeurs de Wikipédia qui en font la demande et en qui la communauté donne sa confiance. Voir Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs. === Ce que peut faire un administrateur === Les administrateurs ont accès à des fonctionnalités supplémentaires sur Wikipédia. Ils peuvent : *protéger et déprotéger des pages ainsi qu'éditer les pages protégées. Pour plus d'informations, voir Wikipédia:Page protégée; *supprimer des pages et leur historique. Pour plus d'information, voir Wikipedia:Pages à supprimer; *consulter et restaurer les pages supprimées par un autre administrateur en regardant dans les archives seulement accessibles aux administrateurs; *bloquer des adresses IP (voir Wikipédia:Blocage) et des utilisateurs enregistrés; *éditer les messages de l'interface grâce à l'espace MediaWiki; *faire des requêtes directes sur la base de données (voir Wikipédia:Requêtes SQL (ou Database queries) (fonction actuellement désactivée); Ce que ne peut pas faire un administrateur Un administrateur ne dispose pas d'informations supplémentaires, telles que les adresses IP ou courriel d'un utilisateur. === Droits et devoirs === Le devoir d'un administrateur est d'exécuter les décisions que la communauté (dont il fait partie) a prises. En tant qu'éditeur, un administrateur a les mêmes droits et devoirs que tous les utilisateurs de Wikipédia : *participer aux articles qui l'intéressent ; *répondre aux questions dans la mesure de ses moyens ; *souhaiter la bienvenue aux nouveaux ; *faire un peu de nettoyage (comme par exemple dans le bistro) ; *vérifier que les articles et les images ne sont pas sous copyright ; *effacer le contenu considéré comme vandalisme (en vidant la page). En aucun cas un administrateur n'a davantage de pouvoir que les non administrateurs en matières de création, d'édition, de forme, de contenu, de ligne directrice. Un administrateur doit être au service d'une meilleure fluidité de fonctionnement des pages et de leurs rapports entre elles et a un rôle de protecteur de l'information contre le vandalisme. Contrairement à ce que beaucoup de personnes croient, le nettoyage, la vérification de copyright et la suppression de vandalisme ne sont ni un privilège, ni une obligation des administrateurs. Tout le monde peut le faire et tout le monde a le droit de ne pas le faire. === Limitations === Un administrateur doit toujours demander la permission de la communauté avant d'utiliser les fonctionnalités supplémentaires dont il dispose. En aucun cas, il ne doit : *bloquer une page sur laquelle il est en conflit d'édition avec d'autres contributeurs ; *bloquer un utilisateur sans passer par la procédure habituelle sur Wikipédia:Vandalisme en cours ; *effacer une page sans l'avoir préalablement listée sur la page Wikipédia:Pages à supprimer ; Voir : Wikipédia:Administrateur/Règlement Exception est faite des petits vandalismes (une personne crée une page pour passer un coucou) que les utilisateurs non administrateurs doivent vider et qu'un administrateur peut effacer sans passer par la page Wikipédia:Pages à supprimer. Cela ne concerne que les pages ne contenant aucune information pertinente pour l'encyclopédie. Les ébauches signalées ne doivent en aucun cas être effacées sans préavis. == Modalités d'accès au statut == Important : Les modalités de nomination des administrateurs, ainsi que leurs devoirs, sont en cours de discussion sur la page Wikipédia:Prise de décision/Administrateur. Venez vous exprimer. Les points suivants ont été votés : === Déclaration de la candidature : === La candidature se fera sur la page Wikipédia:Administrator et sera relayée à la page communotaire === Durée du statut d'administrateur === Il n'y a pas de limite temporelle à l'exercice de la fonction d'administrateur. La perte du statut se fera donc au cas par cas. === Destitution : === Un administrateur est autorisé à demander sa destitution. == Conséquences d'un abus de pouvoir == Un abus de pouvoir de la part d'un administrateur est une utilisation malhonnête des outils de maintenance qui sont à sa disposition (voir #Ce que peut faire un administrateur) en dehors des cas permis (voir #Limitations). Si vous pensez rencontrer ce genre d'abus, listez-les ci-dessous en proposant la sanction qui devrait selon vous être appliquée. Si possible, indiquez une URL par exemple de modification de page prouvant un abus. Voir Wikipédia:Prise de décision/Administrateur/Abus et sanctions ==Propositions de candidature en cours== <center><small>{{purger le cache}}</small></center> En attendant, l'issue des votes, on peut sans doute s'instruire avec [[Wikipédia:Idées-Administrateurs]]. À commencer par les candidats... <!-- Pour ouvrir une nouvelle candidature, veuillez insérer {{Wikipédia:Administrator/votre_login}} à la suite des autres puis créer la sous-page en question. Celle-ci doit contenir ===[[Utilisateur:login|login]]=== ====Pour==== ====Contre==== ====Abstention==== --> {{Wikipédia:Administrator/bombo}} ==Autres liens== *[[Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs]] * Conditions d'accès au statut d'administrateur, voir [[Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs]]. * [[Wikipédia:Blogadmins]] *[[Wikipédia:Administrateur/Processus de suppression|Supprimer une page]] : comment ça marche. <br/> {{Wikipedien}} 2289 2005-03-05T12:13:36Z Bombo 12 /* Autres liens */ '''Cet article n'est pas encore traduit en lingala. S'il vous plaît, traduisez un paragraphe, si vous pouvez. Merci!''' Cet article a pour but de décrire tout le statut d' '''administrateur''' (aussi nommé sysop) de la '''Wikipédia lingala'''. Pour consulter la liste des admins, voir Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs. Note : il existe aussi un statut de développeur qui inclut pour l'instant les droits d'administrateur. == Pourquoi des administrateurs ? == Assurer la maintenance d'un site comme Wikipédia où tout visiteur peut modifier la quasi-totalité des pages nécessite des outils puissants permettant, par exemple, de réparer des erreurs, d'effacer des pages non pertinentes, de bloquer temporairement des pages ou des vandales. Pour des raisons évidentes de sécurité, de tels outils ne peuvent être mis à la disposition de tous. C'est pourquoi le statut d'administrateur existe. Il est attribué à des contributeurs de Wikipédia qui en font la demande et en qui la communauté donne sa confiance. Voir Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs. === Ce que peut faire un administrateur === Les administrateurs ont accès à des fonctionnalités supplémentaires sur Wikipédia. Ils peuvent : *protéger et déprotéger des pages ainsi qu'éditer les pages protégées. Pour plus d'informations, voir Wikipédia:Page protégée; *supprimer des pages et leur historique. Pour plus d'information, voir Wikipedia:Pages à supprimer; *consulter et restaurer les pages supprimées par un autre administrateur en regardant dans les archives seulement accessibles aux administrateurs; *bloquer des adresses IP (voir Wikipédia:Blocage) et des utilisateurs enregistrés; *éditer les messages de l'interface grâce à l'espace MediaWiki; *faire des requêtes directes sur la base de données (voir Wikipédia:Requêtes SQL (ou Database queries) (fonction actuellement désactivée); Ce que ne peut pas faire un administrateur Un administrateur ne dispose pas d'informations supplémentaires, telles que les adresses IP ou courriel d'un utilisateur. === Droits et devoirs === Le devoir d'un administrateur est d'exécuter les décisions que la communauté (dont il fait partie) a prises. En tant qu'éditeur, un administrateur a les mêmes droits et devoirs que tous les utilisateurs de Wikipédia : *participer aux articles qui l'intéressent ; *répondre aux questions dans la mesure de ses moyens ; *souhaiter la bienvenue aux nouveaux ; *faire un peu de nettoyage (comme par exemple dans le bistro) ; *vérifier que les articles et les images ne sont pas sous copyright ; *effacer le contenu considéré comme vandalisme (en vidant la page). En aucun cas un administrateur n'a davantage de pouvoir que les non administrateurs en matières de création, d'édition, de forme, de contenu, de ligne directrice. Un administrateur doit être au service d'une meilleure fluidité de fonctionnement des pages et de leurs rapports entre elles et a un rôle de protecteur de l'information contre le vandalisme. Contrairement à ce que beaucoup de personnes croient, le nettoyage, la vérification de copyright et la suppression de vandalisme ne sont ni un privilège, ni une obligation des administrateurs. Tout le monde peut le faire et tout le monde a le droit de ne pas le faire. === Limitations === Un administrateur doit toujours demander la permission de la communauté avant d'utiliser les fonctionnalités supplémentaires dont il dispose. En aucun cas, il ne doit : *bloquer une page sur laquelle il est en conflit d'édition avec d'autres contributeurs ; *bloquer un utilisateur sans passer par la procédure habituelle sur Wikipédia:Vandalisme en cours ; *effacer une page sans l'avoir préalablement listée sur la page Wikipédia:Pages à supprimer ; Voir : Wikipédia:Administrateur/Règlement Exception est faite des petits vandalismes (une personne crée une page pour passer un coucou) que les utilisateurs non administrateurs doivent vider et qu'un administrateur peut effacer sans passer par la page Wikipédia:Pages à supprimer. Cela ne concerne que les pages ne contenant aucune information pertinente pour l'encyclopédie. Les ébauches signalées ne doivent en aucun cas être effacées sans préavis. == Modalités d'accès au statut == Important : Les modalités de nomination des administrateurs, ainsi que leurs devoirs, sont en cours de discussion sur la page Wikipédia:Prise de décision/Administrateur. Venez vous exprimer. Les points suivants ont été votés : === Déclaration de la candidature : === La candidature se fera sur la page Wikipédia:Administrator et sera relayée à la page communotaire === Durée du statut d'administrateur === Il n'y a pas de limite temporelle à l'exercice de la fonction d'administrateur. La perte du statut se fera donc au cas par cas. === Destitution : === Un administrateur est autorisé à demander sa destitution. == Conséquences d'un abus de pouvoir == Un abus de pouvoir de la part d'un administrateur est une utilisation malhonnête des outils de maintenance qui sont à sa disposition (voir #Ce que peut faire un administrateur) en dehors des cas permis (voir #Limitations). Si vous pensez rencontrer ce genre d'abus, listez-les ci-dessous en proposant la sanction qui devrait selon vous être appliquée. Si possible, indiquez une URL par exemple de modification de page prouvant un abus. Voir Wikipédia:Prise de décision/Administrateur/Abus et sanctions ==Propositions de candidature en cours== <center><small>{{purger le cache}}</small></center> En attendant, l'issue des votes, on peut sans doute s'instruire avec [[Wikipédia:Idées-Administrateurs]]. À commencer par les candidats... <!-- Pour ouvrir une nouvelle candidature, veuillez insérer {{Wikipédia:Administrator/votre_login}} à la suite des autres puis créer la sous-page en question. Celle-ci doit contenir ===[[Utilisateur:login|login]]=== ====Pour==== ====Contre==== ====Abstention==== --> {{Wikipédia:Administrator/bombo}} ==Autres liens== *[[Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs]] * Conditions d'accès au statut d'administrateur, voir [[Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs]]. * [[Wikipédia:Blogadmins]] *[[Wikipédia:Administrateur/Processus de suppression|Supprimer une page]] : comment ça marche. <br/> {{Wikipedien}} http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_permissions 2303 2005-03-05T12:29:06Z Bombo 12 /* Propositions de candidature en cours */ '''Cet article n'est pas encore traduit en lingala. S'il vous plaît, traduisez un paragraphe, si vous pouvez. Merci!''' Cet article a pour but de décrire tout le statut d' '''administrateur''' (aussi nommé sysop) de la '''Wikipédia lingala'''. Pour consulter la liste des admins, voir Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs. Note : il existe aussi un statut de développeur qui inclut pour l'instant les droits d'administrateur. == Pourquoi des administrateurs ? == Assurer la maintenance d'un site comme Wikipédia où tout visiteur peut modifier la quasi-totalité des pages nécessite des outils puissants permettant, par exemple, de réparer des erreurs, d'effacer des pages non pertinentes, de bloquer temporairement des pages ou des vandales. Pour des raisons évidentes de sécurité, de tels outils ne peuvent être mis à la disposition de tous. C'est pourquoi le statut d'administrateur existe. Il est attribué à des contributeurs de Wikipédia qui en font la demande et en qui la communauté donne sa confiance. Voir Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs. === Ce que peut faire un administrateur === Les administrateurs ont accès à des fonctionnalités supplémentaires sur Wikipédia. Ils peuvent : *protéger et déprotéger des pages ainsi qu'éditer les pages protégées. Pour plus d'informations, voir Wikipédia:Page protégée; *supprimer des pages et leur historique. Pour plus d'information, voir Wikipedia:Pages à supprimer; *consulter et restaurer les pages supprimées par un autre administrateur en regardant dans les archives seulement accessibles aux administrateurs; *bloquer des adresses IP (voir Wikipédia:Blocage) et des utilisateurs enregistrés; *éditer les messages de l'interface grâce à l'espace MediaWiki; *faire des requêtes directes sur la base de données (voir Wikipédia:Requêtes SQL (ou Database queries) (fonction actuellement désactivée); Ce que ne peut pas faire un administrateur Un administrateur ne dispose pas d'informations supplémentaires, telles que les adresses IP ou courriel d'un utilisateur. === Droits et devoirs === Le devoir d'un administrateur est d'exécuter les décisions que la communauté (dont il fait partie) a prises. En tant qu'éditeur, un administrateur a les mêmes droits et devoirs que tous les utilisateurs de Wikipédia : *participer aux articles qui l'intéressent ; *répondre aux questions dans la mesure de ses moyens ; *souhaiter la bienvenue aux nouveaux ; *faire un peu de nettoyage (comme par exemple dans le bistro) ; *vérifier que les articles et les images ne sont pas sous copyright ; *effacer le contenu considéré comme vandalisme (en vidant la page). En aucun cas un administrateur n'a davantage de pouvoir que les non administrateurs en matières de création, d'édition, de forme, de contenu, de ligne directrice. Un administrateur doit être au service d'une meilleure fluidité de fonctionnement des pages et de leurs rapports entre elles et a un rôle de protecteur de l'information contre le vandalisme. Contrairement à ce que beaucoup de personnes croient, le nettoyage, la vérification de copyright et la suppression de vandalisme ne sont ni un privilège, ni une obligation des administrateurs. Tout le monde peut le faire et tout le monde a le droit de ne pas le faire. === Limitations === Un administrateur doit toujours demander la permission de la communauté avant d'utiliser les fonctionnalités supplémentaires dont il dispose. En aucun cas, il ne doit : *bloquer une page sur laquelle il est en conflit d'édition avec d'autres contributeurs ; *bloquer un utilisateur sans passer par la procédure habituelle sur Wikipédia:Vandalisme en cours ; *effacer une page sans l'avoir préalablement listée sur la page Wikipédia:Pages à supprimer ; Voir : Wikipédia:Administrateur/Règlement Exception est faite des petits vandalismes (une personne crée une page pour passer un coucou) que les utilisateurs non administrateurs doivent vider et qu'un administrateur peut effacer sans passer par la page Wikipédia:Pages à supprimer. Cela ne concerne que les pages ne contenant aucune information pertinente pour l'encyclopédie. Les ébauches signalées ne doivent en aucun cas être effacées sans préavis. == Modalités d'accès au statut == Important : Les modalités de nomination des administrateurs, ainsi que leurs devoirs, sont en cours de discussion sur la page Wikipédia:Prise de décision/Administrateur. Venez vous exprimer. Les points suivants ont été votés : === Déclaration de la candidature : === La candidature se fera sur la page Wikipédia:Administrator et sera relayée à la page communotaire === Durée du statut d'administrateur === Il n'y a pas de limite temporelle à l'exercice de la fonction d'administrateur. La perte du statut se fera donc au cas par cas. === Destitution : === Un administrateur est autorisé à demander sa destitution. == Conséquences d'un abus de pouvoir == Un abus de pouvoir de la part d'un administrateur est une utilisation malhonnête des outils de maintenance qui sont à sa disposition (voir #Ce que peut faire un administrateur) en dehors des cas permis (voir #Limitations). Si vous pensez rencontrer ce genre d'abus, listez-les ci-dessous en proposant la sanction qui devrait selon vous être appliquée. Si possible, indiquez une URL par exemple de modification de page prouvant un abus. Voir Wikipédia:Prise de décision/Administrateur/Abus et sanctions ==Propositions de candidature en cours== <center><small>{{purger le cache}}</small></center> En attendant, l'issue des votes, on peut sans doute s'instruire avec [[Wikipédia:Idées-Administrateurs]]. À commencer par les candidats... <!-- Pour ouvrir une nouvelle candidature, veuillez insérer {{Wikipédia:Administrator/votre_login}} à la suite des autres puis créer la sous-page en question. Celle-ci doit contenir ===[[User:login|login]]=== ====Pour==== ====Contre==== ====Abstention==== --> {{Wikipédia:Administrator/bombo}} ==Autres liens== *[[Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs]] * Conditions d'accès au statut d'administrateur, voir [[Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs]]. * [[Wikipédia:Blogadmins]] *[[Wikipédia:Administrateur/Processus de suppression|Supprimer une page]] : comment ça marche. <br/> {{Wikipedien}} http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_permissions 4596 2005-03-05T20:14:32Z Moyogo 11 /* Autres liens */ '''Cet article n'est pas encore traduit en lingala. S'il vous plaît, traduisez un paragraphe, si vous pouvez. Merci!''' Cet article a pour but de décrire tout le statut d' '''administrateur''' (aussi nommé sysop) de la '''Wikipédia lingala'''. Pour consulter la liste des admins, voir Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs. Note : il existe aussi un statut de développeur qui inclut pour l'instant les droits d'administrateur. == Pourquoi des administrateurs ? == Assurer la maintenance d'un site comme Wikipédia où tout visiteur peut modifier la quasi-totalité des pages nécessite des outils puissants permettant, par exemple, de réparer des erreurs, d'effacer des pages non pertinentes, de bloquer temporairement des pages ou des vandales. Pour des raisons évidentes de sécurité, de tels outils ne peuvent être mis à la disposition de tous. C'est pourquoi le statut d'administrateur existe. Il est attribué à des contributeurs de Wikipédia qui en font la demande et en qui la communauté donne sa confiance. Voir Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs. === Ce que peut faire un administrateur === Les administrateurs ont accès à des fonctionnalités supplémentaires sur Wikipédia. Ils peuvent : *protéger et déprotéger des pages ainsi qu'éditer les pages protégées. Pour plus d'informations, voir Wikipédia:Page protégée; *supprimer des pages et leur historique. Pour plus d'information, voir Wikipedia:Pages à supprimer; *consulter et restaurer les pages supprimées par un autre administrateur en regardant dans les archives seulement accessibles aux administrateurs; *bloquer des adresses IP (voir Wikipédia:Blocage) et des utilisateurs enregistrés; *éditer les messages de l'interface grâce à l'espace MediaWiki; *faire des requêtes directes sur la base de données (voir Wikipédia:Requêtes SQL (ou Database queries) (fonction actuellement désactivée); Ce que ne peut pas faire un administrateur Un administrateur ne dispose pas d'informations supplémentaires, telles que les adresses IP ou courriel d'un utilisateur. === Droits et devoirs === Le devoir d'un administrateur est d'exécuter les décisions que la communauté (dont il fait partie) a prises. En tant qu'éditeur, un administrateur a les mêmes droits et devoirs que tous les utilisateurs de Wikipédia : *participer aux articles qui l'intéressent ; *répondre aux questions dans la mesure de ses moyens ; *souhaiter la bienvenue aux nouveaux ; *faire un peu de nettoyage (comme par exemple dans le bistro) ; *vérifier que les articles et les images ne sont pas sous copyright ; *effacer le contenu considéré comme vandalisme (en vidant la page). En aucun cas un administrateur n'a davantage de pouvoir que les non administrateurs en matières de création, d'édition, de forme, de contenu, de ligne directrice. Un administrateur doit être au service d'une meilleure fluidité de fonctionnement des pages et de leurs rapports entre elles et a un rôle de protecteur de l'information contre le vandalisme. Contrairement à ce que beaucoup de personnes croient, le nettoyage, la vérification de copyright et la suppression de vandalisme ne sont ni un privilège, ni une obligation des administrateurs. Tout le monde peut le faire et tout le monde a le droit de ne pas le faire. === Limitations === Un administrateur doit toujours demander la permission de la communauté avant d'utiliser les fonctionnalités supplémentaires dont il dispose. En aucun cas, il ne doit : *bloquer une page sur laquelle il est en conflit d'édition avec d'autres contributeurs ; *bloquer un utilisateur sans passer par la procédure habituelle sur Wikipédia:Vandalisme en cours ; *effacer une page sans l'avoir préalablement listée sur la page Wikipédia:Pages à supprimer ; Voir : Wikipédia:Administrateur/Règlement Exception est faite des petits vandalismes (une personne crée une page pour passer un coucou) que les utilisateurs non administrateurs doivent vider et qu'un administrateur peut effacer sans passer par la page Wikipédia:Pages à supprimer. Cela ne concerne que les pages ne contenant aucune information pertinente pour l'encyclopédie. Les ébauches signalées ne doivent en aucun cas être effacées sans préavis. == Modalités d'accès au statut == Important : Les modalités de nomination des administrateurs, ainsi que leurs devoirs, sont en cours de discussion sur la page Wikipédia:Prise de décision/Administrateur. Venez vous exprimer. Les points suivants ont été votés : === Déclaration de la candidature : === La candidature se fera sur la page Wikipédia:Administrator et sera relayée à la page communotaire === Durée du statut d'administrateur === Il n'y a pas de limite temporelle à l'exercice de la fonction d'administrateur. La perte du statut se fera donc au cas par cas. === Destitution : === Un administrateur est autorisé à demander sa destitution. == Conséquences d'un abus de pouvoir == Un abus de pouvoir de la part d'un administrateur est une utilisation malhonnête des outils de maintenance qui sont à sa disposition (voir #Ce que peut faire un administrateur) en dehors des cas permis (voir #Limitations). Si vous pensez rencontrer ce genre d'abus, listez-les ci-dessous en proposant la sanction qui devrait selon vous être appliquée. Si possible, indiquez une URL par exemple de modification de page prouvant un abus. Voir Wikipédia:Prise de décision/Administrateur/Abus et sanctions ==Propositions de candidature en cours== <center><small>{{purger le cache}}</small></center> En attendant, l'issue des votes, on peut sans doute s'instruire avec [[Wikipédia:Idées-Administrateurs]]. À commencer par les candidats... <!-- Pour ouvrir une nouvelle candidature, veuillez insérer {{Wikipédia:Administrator/votre_login}} à la suite des autres puis créer la sous-page en question. Celle-ci doit contenir ===[[User:login|login]]=== ====Pour==== ====Contre==== ====Abstention==== --> {{Wikipédia:Administrator/bombo}} ==Autres liens== * [[Wikipédia:Lisanga ya bayángeli]] * Conditions d'accès au statut d'administrateur, voir [[Wikipédia:Lisanga ya bayángeli]]. * [[Wikipédia:Blogadmins]] * [[Wikipédia:Administrateur/Processus de suppression|Supprimer une page]] : comment ça marche. <br/> {{Wikipedien}} http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_permissions 6036 2005-08-27T13:39:56Z Bombo 12 /* Autres liens */ '''Cet article n'est pas encore traduit en lingala. S'il vous plaît, traduisez un paragraphe, si vous pouvez. Merci!''' Cet article a pour but de décrire tout le statut d' '''administrateur''' (aussi nommé sysop) de la '''Wikipédia lingala'''. Pour consulter la liste des admins, voir Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs. Note : il existe aussi un statut de développeur qui inclut pour l'instant les droits d'administrateur. == Pourquoi des administrateurs ? == Assurer la maintenance d'un site comme Wikipédia où tout visiteur peut modifier la quasi-totalité des pages nécessite des outils puissants permettant, par exemple, de réparer des erreurs, d'effacer des pages non pertinentes, de bloquer temporairement des pages ou des vandales. Pour des raisons évidentes de sécurité, de tels outils ne peuvent être mis à la disposition de tous. C'est pourquoi le statut d'administrateur existe. Il est attribué à des contributeurs de Wikipédia qui en font la demande et en qui la communauté donne sa confiance. Voir Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs. === Ce que peut faire un administrateur === Les administrateurs ont accès à des fonctionnalités supplémentaires sur Wikipédia. Ils peuvent : *protéger et déprotéger des pages ainsi qu'éditer les pages protégées. Pour plus d'informations, voir Wikipédia:Page protégée; *supprimer des pages et leur historique. Pour plus d'information, voir Wikipedia:Pages à supprimer; *consulter et restaurer les pages supprimées par un autre administrateur en regardant dans les archives seulement accessibles aux administrateurs; *bloquer des adresses IP (voir Wikipédia:Blocage) et des utilisateurs enregistrés; *éditer les messages de l'interface grâce à l'espace MediaWiki; *faire des requêtes directes sur la base de données (voir Wikipédia:Requêtes SQL (ou Database queries) (fonction actuellement désactivée); Ce que ne peut pas faire un administrateur Un administrateur ne dispose pas d'informations supplémentaires, telles que les adresses IP ou courriel d'un utilisateur. === Droits et devoirs === Le devoir d'un administrateur est d'exécuter les décisions que la communauté (dont il fait partie) a prises. En tant qu'éditeur, un administrateur a les mêmes droits et devoirs que tous les utilisateurs de Wikipédia : *participer aux articles qui l'intéressent ; *répondre aux questions dans la mesure de ses moyens ; *souhaiter la bienvenue aux nouveaux ; *faire un peu de nettoyage (comme par exemple dans le bistro) ; *vérifier que les articles et les images ne sont pas sous copyright ; *effacer le contenu considéré comme vandalisme (en vidant la page). En aucun cas un administrateur n'a davantage de pouvoir que les non administrateurs en matières de création, d'édition, de forme, de contenu, de ligne directrice. Un administrateur doit être au service d'une meilleure fluidité de fonctionnement des pages et de leurs rapports entre elles et a un rôle de protecteur de l'information contre le vandalisme. Contrairement à ce que beaucoup de personnes croient, le nettoyage, la vérification de copyright et la suppression de vandalisme ne sont ni un privilège, ni une obligation des administrateurs. Tout le monde peut le faire et tout le monde a le droit de ne pas le faire. === Limitations === Un administrateur doit toujours demander la permission de la communauté avant d'utiliser les fonctionnalités supplémentaires dont il dispose. En aucun cas, il ne doit : *bloquer une page sur laquelle il est en conflit d'édition avec d'autres contributeurs ; *bloquer un utilisateur sans passer par la procédure habituelle sur Wikipédia:Vandalisme en cours ; *effacer une page sans l'avoir préalablement listée sur la page Wikipédia:Pages à supprimer ; Voir : Wikipédia:Administrateur/Règlement Exception est faite des petits vandalismes (une personne crée une page pour passer un coucou) que les utilisateurs non administrateurs doivent vider et qu'un administrateur peut effacer sans passer par la page Wikipédia:Pages à supprimer. Cela ne concerne que les pages ne contenant aucune information pertinente pour l'encyclopédie. Les ébauches signalées ne doivent en aucun cas être effacées sans préavis. == Modalités d'accès au statut == Important : Les modalités de nomination des administrateurs, ainsi que leurs devoirs, sont en cours de discussion sur la page Wikipédia:Prise de décision/Administrateur. Venez vous exprimer. Les points suivants ont été votés : === Déclaration de la candidature : === La candidature se fera sur la page Wikipédia:Administrator et sera relayée à la page communotaire === Durée du statut d'administrateur === Il n'y a pas de limite temporelle à l'exercice de la fonction d'administrateur. La perte du statut se fera donc au cas par cas. === Destitution : === Un administrateur est autorisé à demander sa destitution. == Conséquences d'un abus de pouvoir == Un abus de pouvoir de la part d'un administrateur est une utilisation malhonnête des outils de maintenance qui sont à sa disposition (voir #Ce que peut faire un administrateur) en dehors des cas permis (voir #Limitations). Si vous pensez rencontrer ce genre d'abus, listez-les ci-dessous en proposant la sanction qui devrait selon vous être appliquée. Si possible, indiquez une URL par exemple de modification de page prouvant un abus. Voir Wikipédia:Prise de décision/Administrateur/Abus et sanctions ==Propositions de candidature en cours== <center><small>{{purger le cache}}</small></center> En attendant, l'issue des votes, on peut sans doute s'instruire avec [[Wikipédia:Idées-Administrateurs]]. À commencer par les candidats... <!-- Pour ouvrir une nouvelle candidature, veuillez insérer {{Wikipédia:Administrator/votre_login}} à la suite des autres puis créer la sous-page en question. Celle-ci doit contenir ===[[User:login|login]]=== ====Pour==== ====Contre==== ====Abstention==== --> {{Wikipédia:Administrator/bombo}} ==Autres liens== * [[Wikipedia:Lisanga ya bayángeli]] * Conditions d'accès au statut d'administrateur, voir [[Wikipedia:Lisanga ya bayángeli]]. * [[Wikipedia:Blogadmins]] * [[fr:Wikipédia:Administrateur/Processus de suppression|Supprimer une page]] : comment ça marche. <br/> {{Wikipedien}} http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_permissions 6094 2005-09-02T04:26:11Z Korg 30 Correction d'un lien et ajout d'un lien interwiki '''Cet article n'est pas encore traduit en lingala. S'il vous plaît, traduisez un paragraphe, si vous pouvez. Merci!''' Cet article a pour but de décrire tout le statut d' '''administrateur''' (aussi nommé sysop) de la '''Wikipédia lingala'''. Pour consulter la liste des admins, voir Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs. Note : il existe aussi un statut de développeur qui inclut pour l'instant les droits d'administrateur. == Pourquoi des administrateurs ? == Assurer la maintenance d'un site comme Wikipédia où tout visiteur peut modifier la quasi-totalité des pages nécessite des outils puissants permettant, par exemple, de réparer des erreurs, d'effacer des pages non pertinentes, de bloquer temporairement des pages ou des vandales. Pour des raisons évidentes de sécurité, de tels outils ne peuvent être mis à la disposition de tous. C'est pourquoi le statut d'administrateur existe. Il est attribué à des contributeurs de Wikipédia qui en font la demande et en qui la communauté donne sa confiance. Voir Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs. === Ce que peut faire un administrateur === Les administrateurs ont accès à des fonctionnalités supplémentaires sur Wikipédia. Ils peuvent : *protéger et déprotéger des pages ainsi qu'éditer les pages protégées. Pour plus d'informations, voir Wikipédia:Page protégée; *supprimer des pages et leur historique. Pour plus d'information, voir Wikipedia:Pages à supprimer; *consulter et restaurer les pages supprimées par un autre administrateur en regardant dans les archives seulement accessibles aux administrateurs; *bloquer des adresses IP (voir Wikipédia:Blocage) et des utilisateurs enregistrés; *éditer les messages de l'interface grâce à l'espace MediaWiki; *faire des requêtes directes sur la base de données (voir Wikipédia:Requêtes SQL (ou Database queries) (fonction actuellement désactivée); Ce que ne peut pas faire un administrateur Un administrateur ne dispose pas d'informations supplémentaires, telles que les adresses IP ou courriel d'un utilisateur. === Droits et devoirs === Le devoir d'un administrateur est d'exécuter les décisions que la communauté (dont il fait partie) a prises. En tant qu'éditeur, un administrateur a les mêmes droits et devoirs que tous les utilisateurs de Wikipédia : *participer aux articles qui l'intéressent ; *répondre aux questions dans la mesure de ses moyens ; *souhaiter la bienvenue aux nouveaux ; *faire un peu de nettoyage (comme par exemple dans le bistro) ; *vérifier que les articles et les images ne sont pas sous copyright ; *effacer le contenu considéré comme vandalisme (en vidant la page). En aucun cas un administrateur n'a davantage de pouvoir que les non administrateurs en matières de création, d'édition, de forme, de contenu, de ligne directrice. Un administrateur doit être au service d'une meilleure fluidité de fonctionnement des pages et de leurs rapports entre elles et a un rôle de protecteur de l'information contre le vandalisme. Contrairement à ce que beaucoup de personnes croient, le nettoyage, la vérification de copyright et la suppression de vandalisme ne sont ni un privilège, ni une obligation des administrateurs. Tout le monde peut le faire et tout le monde a le droit de ne pas le faire. === Limitations === Un administrateur doit toujours demander la permission de la communauté avant d'utiliser les fonctionnalités supplémentaires dont il dispose. En aucun cas, il ne doit : *bloquer une page sur laquelle il est en conflit d'édition avec d'autres contributeurs ; *bloquer un utilisateur sans passer par la procédure habituelle sur Wikipédia:Vandalisme en cours ; *effacer une page sans l'avoir préalablement listée sur la page Wikipédia:Pages à supprimer ; Voir : Wikipédia:Administrateur/Règlement Exception est faite des petits vandalismes (une personne crée une page pour passer un coucou) que les utilisateurs non administrateurs doivent vider et qu'un administrateur peut effacer sans passer par la page Wikipédia:Pages à supprimer. Cela ne concerne que les pages ne contenant aucune information pertinente pour l'encyclopédie. Les ébauches signalées ne doivent en aucun cas être effacées sans préavis. == Modalités d'accès au statut == Important : Les modalités de nomination des administrateurs, ainsi que leurs devoirs, sont en cours de discussion sur la page Wikipédia:Prise de décision/Administrateur. Venez vous exprimer. Les points suivants ont été votés : === Déclaration de la candidature : === La candidature se fera sur la page Wikipédia:Administrator et sera relayée à la page communotaire === Durée du statut d'administrateur === Il n'y a pas de limite temporelle à l'exercice de la fonction d'administrateur. La perte du statut se fera donc au cas par cas. === Destitution : === Un administrateur est autorisé à demander sa destitution. == Conséquences d'un abus de pouvoir == Un abus de pouvoir de la part d'un administrateur est une utilisation malhonnête des outils de maintenance qui sont à sa disposition (voir #Ce que peut faire un administrateur) en dehors des cas permis (voir #Limitations). Si vous pensez rencontrer ce genre d'abus, listez-les ci-dessous en proposant la sanction qui devrait selon vous être appliquée. Si possible, indiquez une URL par exemple de modification de page prouvant un abus. Voir Wikipédia:Prise de décision/Administrateur/Abus et sanctions ==Propositions de candidature en cours== <center><small>{{purger le cache}}</small></center> En attendant, l'issue des votes, on peut sans doute s'instruire avec [[Wikipédia:Idées-Administrateurs]]. À commencer par les candidats... <!-- Pour ouvrir une nouvelle candidature, veuillez insérer {{Wikipédia:Administrator/votre_login}} à la suite des autres puis créer la sous-page en question. Celle-ci doit contenir ===[[User:login|login]]=== ====Pour==== ====Contre==== ====Abstention==== --> {{Wikipédia:Administrator/bombo}} ==Autres liens== * [[Wikipedia:Lisanga ya bayángeli]] * Conditions d'accès au statut d'administrateur, voir [[Wikipedia:Lisanga ya bayángeli]]. * [[Wikipedia:Blogadmins]] * [[:fr:Wikipédia:Administrateur/Processus de suppression|Supprimer une page]] : comment ça marche. <br/> {{Wikipedien}} http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_permissions [[fr:Wikipédia:Administrateur]] 6285 2005-09-21T14:10:52Z Moyogo 11 /* Propositions de candidature en cours */ '''Cet article n'est pas encore traduit en lingala. S'il vous plaît, traduisez un paragraphe, si vous pouvez. Merci!''' Cet article a pour but de décrire tout le statut d' '''administrateur''' (aussi nommé sysop) de la '''Wikipédia lingala'''. Pour consulter la liste des admins, voir Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs. Note : il existe aussi un statut de développeur qui inclut pour l'instant les droits d'administrateur. == Pourquoi des administrateurs ? == Assurer la maintenance d'un site comme Wikipédia où tout visiteur peut modifier la quasi-totalité des pages nécessite des outils puissants permettant, par exemple, de réparer des erreurs, d'effacer des pages non pertinentes, de bloquer temporairement des pages ou des vandales. Pour des raisons évidentes de sécurité, de tels outils ne peuvent être mis à la disposition de tous. C'est pourquoi le statut d'administrateur existe. Il est attribué à des contributeurs de Wikipédia qui en font la demande et en qui la communauté donne sa confiance. Voir Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs. === Ce que peut faire un administrateur === Les administrateurs ont accès à des fonctionnalités supplémentaires sur Wikipédia. Ils peuvent : *protéger et déprotéger des pages ainsi qu'éditer les pages protégées. Pour plus d'informations, voir Wikipédia:Page protégée; *supprimer des pages et leur historique. Pour plus d'information, voir Wikipedia:Pages à supprimer; *consulter et restaurer les pages supprimées par un autre administrateur en regardant dans les archives seulement accessibles aux administrateurs; *bloquer des adresses IP (voir Wikipédia:Blocage) et des utilisateurs enregistrés; *éditer les messages de l'interface grâce à l'espace MediaWiki; *faire des requêtes directes sur la base de données (voir Wikipédia:Requêtes SQL (ou Database queries) (fonction actuellement désactivée); Ce que ne peut pas faire un administrateur Un administrateur ne dispose pas d'informations supplémentaires, telles que les adresses IP ou courriel d'un utilisateur. === Droits et devoirs === Le devoir d'un administrateur est d'exécuter les décisions que la communauté (dont il fait partie) a prises. En tant qu'éditeur, un administrateur a les mêmes droits et devoirs que tous les utilisateurs de Wikipédia : *participer aux articles qui l'intéressent ; *répondre aux questions dans la mesure de ses moyens ; *souhaiter la bienvenue aux nouveaux ; *faire un peu de nettoyage (comme par exemple dans le bistro) ; *vérifier que les articles et les images ne sont pas sous copyright ; *effacer le contenu considéré comme vandalisme (en vidant la page). En aucun cas un administrateur n'a davantage de pouvoir que les non administrateurs en matières de création, d'édition, de forme, de contenu, de ligne directrice. Un administrateur doit être au service d'une meilleure fluidité de fonctionnement des pages et de leurs rapports entre elles et a un rôle de protecteur de l'information contre le vandalisme. Contrairement à ce que beaucoup de personnes croient, le nettoyage, la vérification de copyright et la suppression de vandalisme ne sont ni un privilège, ni une obligation des administrateurs. Tout le monde peut le faire et tout le monde a le droit de ne pas le faire. === Limitations === Un administrateur doit toujours demander la permission de la communauté avant d'utiliser les fonctionnalités supplémentaires dont il dispose. En aucun cas, il ne doit : *bloquer une page sur laquelle il est en conflit d'édition avec d'autres contributeurs ; *bloquer un utilisateur sans passer par la procédure habituelle sur Wikipédia:Vandalisme en cours ; *effacer une page sans l'avoir préalablement listée sur la page Wikipédia:Pages à supprimer ; Voir : Wikipédia:Administrateur/Règlement Exception est faite des petits vandalismes (une personne crée une page pour passer un coucou) que les utilisateurs non administrateurs doivent vider et qu'un administrateur peut effacer sans passer par la page Wikipédia:Pages à supprimer. Cela ne concerne que les pages ne contenant aucune information pertinente pour l'encyclopédie. Les ébauches signalées ne doivent en aucun cas être effacées sans préavis. == Modalités d'accès au statut == Important : Les modalités de nomination des administrateurs, ainsi que leurs devoirs, sont en cours de discussion sur la page Wikipédia:Prise de décision/Administrateur. Venez vous exprimer. Les points suivants ont été votés : === Déclaration de la candidature : === La candidature se fera sur la page Wikipédia:Administrator et sera relayée à la page communotaire === Durée du statut d'administrateur === Il n'y a pas de limite temporelle à l'exercice de la fonction d'administrateur. La perte du statut se fera donc au cas par cas. === Destitution : === Un administrateur est autorisé à demander sa destitution. == Conséquences d'un abus de pouvoir == Un abus de pouvoir de la part d'un administrateur est une utilisation malhonnête des outils de maintenance qui sont à sa disposition (voir #Ce que peut faire un administrateur) en dehors des cas permis (voir #Limitations). Si vous pensez rencontrer ce genre d'abus, listez-les ci-dessous en proposant la sanction qui devrait selon vous être appliquée. Si possible, indiquez une URL par exemple de modification de page prouvant un abus. Voir Wikipédia:Prise de décision/Administrateur/Abus et sanctions ==Propositions de candidature en cours== <center><small>{{purger le cache}}</small></center> En attendant, l'issue des votes, on peut sans doute s'instruire avec [[Wikipédia:Idées-Administrateurs]]. À commencer par les candidats... <!-- Pour ouvrir une nouvelle candidature, veuillez insérer {{Wikipédia:Moyángeli/votre_login}} à la suite des autres puis créer la sous-page en question. Celle-ci doit contenir ===[[User:login|login]]=== ====Pour==== ====Contre==== ====Abstention==== --> {{Wikipédia:Administrator/bombo}} {{Wikipédia:Moyángeli/moyogo}} ==Autres liens== * [[Wikipedia:Lisanga ya bayángeli]] * Conditions d'accès au statut d'administrateur, voir [[Wikipedia:Lisanga ya bayángeli]]. * [[Wikipedia:Blogadmins]] * [[:fr:Wikipédia:Administrateur/Processus de suppression|Supprimer une page]] : comment ça marche. <br/> {{Wikipedien}} http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_permissions [[fr:Wikipédia:Administrateur]] 6297 2005-09-26T09:48:44Z 160.85.2.50 '''Cet article n'est pas encore traduit en lingala. S'il vous plaît, traduisez un paragraphe, si vous pouvez. Merci!''' Cet article a pour but de décrire tout le statut d' '''administrateur''' (aussi nommé sysop) de la '''Wikipédia lingala'''. Pour consulter la liste des admins, voir Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs. Note : il existe aussi un statut de développeur qui inclut pour l'instant les droits d'administrateur. == Pourquoi des administrateurs ? == Assurer la maintenance d'un site comme Wikipédia où tout visiteur peut modifier la quasi-totalité des pages nécessite des outils puissants permettant, par exemple, de réparer des erreurs, d'effacer des pages non pertinentes, de bloquer temporairement des pages ou des vandales. Pour des raisons évidentes de sécurité, de tels outils ne peuvent être mis à la disposition de tous. C'est pourquoi le statut d'administrateur existe. Il est attribué à des contributeurs de Wikipédia qui en font la demande et en qui la communauté donne sa confiance. Voir Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs. === Ce que peut faire un administrateur === Les administrateurs ont accès à des fonctionnalités supplémentaires sur Wikipédia. Ils peuvent : *protéger et déprotéger des pages ainsi qu'éditer les pages protégées. Pour plus d'informations, voir Wikipédia:Page protégée; *supprimer des pages et leur historique. Pour plus d'information, voir Wikipedia:Pages à supprimer; *consulter et restaurer les pages supprimées par un autre administrateur en regardant dans les archives seulement accessibles aux administrateurs; *bloquer des adresses IP (voir Wikipédia:Blocage) et des utilisateurs enregistrés; *éditer les messages de l'interface grâce à l'espace MediaWiki; *faire des requêtes directes sur la base de données (voir Wikipédia:Requêtes SQL (ou Database queries) (fonction actuellement désactivée); Ce que ne peut pas faire un administrateur Un administrateur ne dispose pas d'informations supplémentaires, telles que les adresses IP ou courriel d'un utilisateur. === Droits et devoirs === Le devoir d'un administrateur est d'exécuter les décisions que la communauté (dont il fait partie) a prises. En tant qu'éditeur, un administrateur a les mêmes droits et devoirs que tous les utilisateurs de Wikipédia : *participer aux articles qui l'intéressent ; *répondre aux questions dans la mesure de ses moyens ; *souhaiter la bienvenue aux nouveaux ; *faire un peu de nettoyage (comme par exemple dans le bistro) ; *vérifier que les articles et les images ne sont pas sous copyright ; *effacer le contenu considéré comme vandalisme (en vidant la page). En aucun cas un administrateur n'a davantage de pouvoir que les non administrateurs en matières de création, d'édition, de forme, de contenu, de ligne directrice. Un administrateur doit être au service d'une meilleure fluidité de fonctionnement des pages et de leurs rapports entre elles et a un rôle de protecteur de l'information contre le vandalisme. Contrairement à ce que beaucoup de personnes croient, le nettoyage, la vérification de copyright et la suppression de vandalisme ne sont ni un privilège, ni une obligation des administrateurs. Tout le monde peut le faire et tout le monde a le droit de ne pas le faire. === Limitations === Un administrateur doit toujours demander la permission de la communauté avant d'utiliser les fonctionnalités supplémentaires dont il dispose. En aucun cas, il ne doit : *bloquer une page sur laquelle il est en conflit d'édition avec d'autres contributeurs ; *bloquer un utilisateur sans passer par la procédure habituelle sur Wikipédia:Vandalisme en cours ; *effacer une page sans l'avoir préalablement listée sur la page Wikipédia:Pages à supprimer ; Voir : Wikipédia:Administrateur/Règlement Exception est faite des petits vandalismes (une personne crée une page pour passer un coucou) que les utilisateurs non administrateurs doivent vider et qu'un administrateur peut effacer sans passer par la page Wikipédia:Pages à supprimer. Cela ne concerne que les pages ne contenant aucune information pertinente pour l'encyclopédie. Les ébauches signalées ne doivent en aucun cas être effacées sans préavis. == Modalités d'accès au statut == Important : Les modalités de nomination des administrateurs, ainsi que leurs devoirs, sont en cours de discussion sur la page Wikipédia:Prise de décision/Administrateur. Venez vous exprimer. Les points suivants ont été votés : === Déclaration de la candidature : === La candidature se fera sur la page Wikipédia:Administrator et sera relayée à la page communotaire === Durée du statut d'administrateur === Il n'y a pas de limite temporelle à l'exercice de la fonction d'administrateur. La perte du statut se fera donc au cas par cas. === Destitution : === Un administrateur est autorisé à demander sa destitution. == Conséquences d'un abus de pouvoir == Un abus de pouvoir de la part d'un administrateur est une utilisation malhonnête des outils de maintenance qui sont à sa disposition (voir #Ce que peut faire un administrateur) en dehors des cas permis (voir #Limitations). Si vous pensez rencontrer ce genre d'abus, listez-les ci-dessous en proposant la sanction qui devrait selon vous être appliquée. Si possible, indiquez une URL par exemple de modification de page prouvant un abus. Voir Wikipédia:Prise de décision/Administrateur/Abus et sanctions ==Propositions de candidature en cours== <center><small>{{purger le cache}}</small></center> En attendant, l'issue des votes, on peut sans doute s'instruire avec [[Wikipédia:Idées-Administrateurs]]. À commencer par les candidats... <!-- Pour ouvrir une nouvelle candidature, veuillez insérer {{Wikipédia:Moyángeli/votre_login}} à la suite des autres puis créer la sous-page en question. Celle-ci doit contenir ===[[User:login|login]]=== ====Ɛɛ (pour/for)==== ====Tɛ̂ (contre/against)==== ====Kokila (s'abstenir/abstention)==== --> {{Wikipédia:Moyángeli/moyogo}} ==Archives== Les anciennes candidatures sont [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli/Archive|ici]]. ==Autres liens== * [[Wikipedia:Lisanga ya bayángeli]] * Conditions d'accès au statut d'administrateur, voir [[Wikipedia:Lisanga ya bayángeli]]. * [[Wikipedia:Blogadmins]] * [[:fr:Wikipédia:Administrateur/Processus de suppression|Supprimer une page]] : comment ça marche. <br/> {{Wikipedien}} http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_permissions [[fr:Wikipédia:Administrateur]] 6997 2005-11-24T11:06:45Z 160.85.2.50 /* Propositions de candidature en cours */ '''Cet article n'est pas encore traduit en lingala. S'il vous plaît, traduisez un paragraphe, si vous pouvez. Merci!''' Cet article a pour but de décrire tout le statut d' '''administrateur''' (aussi nommé sysop) de la '''Wikipédia lingala'''. Pour consulter la liste des admins, voir Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs. Note : il existe aussi un statut de développeur qui inclut pour l'instant les droits d'administrateur. == Pourquoi des administrateurs ? == Assurer la maintenance d'un site comme Wikipédia où tout visiteur peut modifier la quasi-totalité des pages nécessite des outils puissants permettant, par exemple, de réparer des erreurs, d'effacer des pages non pertinentes, de bloquer temporairement des pages ou des vandales. Pour des raisons évidentes de sécurité, de tels outils ne peuvent être mis à la disposition de tous. C'est pourquoi le statut d'administrateur existe. Il est attribué à des contributeurs de Wikipédia qui en font la demande et en qui la communauté donne sa confiance. Voir Wikipédia:Liste des administrateurs. === Ce que peut faire un administrateur === Les administrateurs ont accès à des fonctionnalités supplémentaires sur Wikipédia. Ils peuvent : *protéger et déprotéger des pages ainsi qu'éditer les pages protégées. Pour plus d'informations, voir Wikipédia:Page protégée; *supprimer des pages et leur historique. Pour plus d'information, voir Wikipedia:Pages à supprimer; *consulter et restaurer les pages supprimées par un autre administrateur en regardant dans les archives seulement accessibles aux administrateurs; *bloquer des adresses IP (voir Wikipédia:Blocage) et des utilisateurs enregistrés; *éditer les messages de l'interface grâce à l'espace MediaWiki; *faire des requêtes directes sur la base de données (voir Wikipédia:Requêtes SQL (ou Database queries) (fonction actuellement désactivée); Ce que ne peut pas faire un administrateur Un administrateur ne dispose pas d'informations supplémentaires, telles que les adresses IP ou courriel d'un utilisateur. === Droits et devoirs === Le devoir d'un administrateur est d'exécuter les décisions que la communauté (dont il fait partie) a prises. En tant qu'éditeur, un administrateur a les mêmes droits et devoirs que tous les utilisateurs de Wikipédia : *participer aux articles qui l'intéressent ; *répondre aux questions dans la mesure de ses moyens ; *souhaiter la bienvenue aux nouveaux ; *faire un peu de nettoyage (comme par exemple dans le bistro) ; *vérifier que les articles et les images ne sont pas sous copyright ; *effacer le contenu considéré comme vandalisme (en vidant la page). En aucun cas un administrateur n'a davantage de pouvoir que les non administrateurs en matières de création, d'édition, de forme, de contenu, de ligne directrice. Un administrateur doit être au service d'une meilleure fluidité de fonctionnement des pages et de leurs rapports entre elles et a un rôle de protecteur de l'information contre le vandalisme. Contrairement à ce que beaucoup de personnes croient, le nettoyage, la vérification de copyright et la suppression de vandalisme ne sont ni un privilège, ni une obligation des administrateurs. Tout le monde peut le faire et tout le monde a le droit de ne pas le faire. === Limitations === Un administrateur doit toujours demander la permission de la communauté avant d'utiliser les fonctionnalités supplémentaires dont il dispose. En aucun cas, il ne doit : *bloquer une page sur laquelle il est en conflit d'édition avec d'autres contributeurs ; *bloquer un utilisateur sans passer par la procédure habituelle sur Wikipédia:Vandalisme en cours ; *effacer une page sans l'avoir préalablement listée sur la page Wikipédia:Pages à supprimer ; Voir : Wikipédia:Administrateur/Règlement Exception est faite des petits vandalismes (une personne crée une page pour passer un coucou) que les utilisateurs non administrateurs doivent vider et qu'un administrateur peut effacer sans passer par la page Wikipédia:Pages à supprimer. Cela ne concerne que les pages ne contenant aucune information pertinente pour l'encyclopédie. Les ébauches signalées ne doivent en aucun cas être effacées sans préavis. == Modalités d'accès au statut == Important : Les modalités de nomination des administrateurs, ainsi que leurs devoirs, sont en cours de discussion sur la page Wikipédia:Prise de décision/Administrateur. Venez vous exprimer. Les points suivants ont été votés : === Déclaration de la candidature : === La candidature se fera sur la page Wikipédia:Administrator et sera relayée à la page communotaire === Durée du statut d'administrateur === Il n'y a pas de limite temporelle à l'exercice de la fonction d'administrateur. La perte du statut se fera donc au cas par cas. === Destitution : === Un administrateur est autorisé à demander sa destitution. == Conséquences d'un abus de pouvoir == Un abus de pouvoir de la part d'un administrateur est une utilisation malhonnête des outils de maintenance qui sont à sa disposition (voir #Ce que peut faire un administrateur) en dehors des cas permis (voir #Limitations). Si vous pensez rencontrer ce genre d'abus, listez-les ci-dessous en proposant la sanction qui devrait selon vous être appliquée. Si possible, indiquez une URL par exemple de modification de page prouvant un abus. Voir Wikipédia:Prise de décision/Administrateur/Abus et sanctions ==Propositions de candidature en cours== <center><small>{{purger le cache}}</small></center> En attendant, l'issue des votes, on peut sans doute s'instruire avec [[Wikipédia:Idées-Administrateurs]]. À commencer par les candidats... <!-- Pour ouvrir une nouvelle candidature, veuillez insérer {{Wikipédia:Moyángeli/votre_login}} à la suite des autres puis créer la sous-page en question. Celle-ci doit contenir ===[[User:login|login]]=== ====Ɛɛ (pour/for)==== ====Tɛ̂ (contre/against)==== ====Kokila (s'abstenir/abstention)==== --> ==Archives== Les anciennes candidatures sont [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli/Archive|ici]]. ==Autres liens== * [[Wikipedia:Lisanga ya bayángeli]] * Conditions d'accès au statut d'administrateur, voir [[Wikipedia:Lisanga ya bayángeli]]. * [[Wikipedia:Blogadmins]] * [[:fr:Wikipédia:Administrateur/Processus de suppression|Supprimer une page]] : comment ça marche. <br/> {{Wikipedien}} http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_permissions [[fr:Wikipédia:Administrateur]] Current events 1029 2343 2005-01-26T15:25:20Z Bombo 12 [[Wikipedia:Current_events]] 4597 2005-03-06T18:34:43Z Bombo 12 #REDIRECT [[Wikipedia:Current_events]] 9490 2006-10-12T11:38:45Z Bombo 12 Redirecting to [[Wikipedia:Elɔ́kɔ ya sika]] #REDIRECT [[Wikipedia:Elɔ́kɔ ya sika]] Wikipedia:Current events 1030 2344 2005-01-26T15:46:19Z Bombo 12 Test --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:46, 26 Jan 2005 (UTC) 2345 2005-03-06T18:36:16Z Bombo 12 '''Comment écrire le lingála?''' Notre [[User_talk:Bombo#caract.C3.A8res_sp.C3.A9ciaux|discussion]]. [[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:36, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) 2495 2005-03-06T18:36:51Z Bombo 12 '''Comment écrire le lingála?''' Notre [[User_talk:Bombo#caract.C3.A8res_sp.C3.A9ciaux|discussion]]. 18:36, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) 2496 2005-03-31T13:34:50Z Bombo 12 '''Comment écrire le lingála?''' Quelques [[http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Moyogo|indications]]. [[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:34, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC) '''Comment écrire le lingála?''' Notre [[User_talk:Bombo#caract.C3.A8res_sp.C3.A9ciaux|discussion]]. 18:36, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) 4598 2005-03-31T13:35:23Z Bombo 12 '''Comment écrire le lingála?''' Quelques [[User:Moyogo|indications]]. 13:34, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC) '''Comment écrire le lingála?''' Notre [[User_talk:Bombo#caract.C3.A8res_sp.C3.A9ciaux|discussion]]. 18:36, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) 6299 2005-09-26T09:52:27Z 160.85.2.50 moyangeli '''Comment écrire le lingála?''' Quelques [[User:Moyogo|indications]]. 13:34, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC) '''Comment écrire le lingála?''' Notre [[User_talk:Bombo#caract.C3.A8res_sp.C3.A9ciaux|discussion]]. 18:36, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli#moyogo|Nouvelle candidature d'administrateur]] 26 setembere 2005 6300 2005-09-26T09:52:57Z 160.85.2.50 moyangeli '''Comment écrire le lingála?''' Quelques [[User:Moyogo|indications]]. 13:34, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC) '''Comment écrire le lingála?''' Notre [[User_talk:Bombo#caract.C3.A8res_sp.C3.A9ciaux|discussion]]. 18:36, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli#moyogo|Nouvelle candidature d'administrateur]] 26 septembere 2005 6559 2005-10-19T11:03:48Z 160.85.2.50 statistique '''Comment écrire le lingála?''' Quelques [[User:Moyogo|indications]]. 13:34, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC) '''Comment écrire le lingála?''' Notre [[User_talk:Bombo#caract.C3.A8res_sp.C3.A9ciaux|discussion]]. 18:36, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wikistats/FR/ChartsWikipediaLN.htm '''Statistiques'''] sur la Wikipédia Lingála (en français) 6905 2005-11-17T12:03:27Z Bombo 12 Elɔkɔ ya sika ya Wikimedia (lingɛlɛsi) '''Comment écrire le lingála?''' Quelques [[User:Moyogo|indications]]. 13:34, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC) '''Comment écrire le lingála?''' Notre [[User_talk:Bombo#caract.C3.A8res_sp.C3.A9ciaux|discussion]]. 18:36, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wikistats/FR/ChartsWikipediaLN.htm '''Statistiques'''] sur la Wikipédia Lingála (en français) '''Elɔkɔ ya sika ya Wikimedia (mokánda lingɛlɛsi)''' <br/> Les dernières nouvelles des projects Wikipédia en bref par courriel 1x par semaine (en anglais): [[Wikipedia Ntembe:Botschaft]] 7274 2005-12-07T08:42:53Z 160.85.2.50 '''Comment écrire le lingála?''' Quelques [[User:Moyogo|indications]]. 13:34, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC) '''Comment écrire le lingála?''' Notre [[User_talk:Bombo#caract.C3.A8res_sp.C3.A9ciaux|discussion]]. 18:36, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wikistats/FR/ChartsWikipediaLN.htm '''Statistiques'''] sur la Wikipédia Lingála (en français) 9491 2006-10-12T11:39:23Z Bombo 12 Redirecting to [[Wikipedia:Elɔ́kɔ ya sika]] #REDIRECT [[Wikipedia:Elɔ́kɔ ya sika]] Wikipedia themes 1031 2217 2005-01-27T11:40:29Z Bombo 12 == A == [[Afrika]] == B == [[bilei]] C D == E == F G H I J K == L == [[lokota]] == M == [[mbumba]] [[mpoto]] N O P Q R S T U V W X Y == Z == [[Zamba]] 2268 2005-01-27T12:38:51Z Bombo 12 /* M */ == A == [[Afrika]] == B == [[bilei]] C D == E == F G H I J K == L == [[lokota]] == M == [[mbumba]] [[mpoto]] == N == [[ndunda]] [[niama]] O P Q R S T U V W X Y == Z == [[Zamba]] 4599 2005-02-21T11:19:10Z 195.65.169.21 /* L */ == A == [[Afrika]] == B == [[bilei]] C D == E == F G H I J K == L == [[lokótá]] == M == [[mbumba]] [[mpoto]] == N == [[ndunda]] [[niama]] O P Q R S T U V W X Y == Z == [[Zamba]] 6686 2005-11-05T10:20:28Z Moyogo 11 /* B */ biléi == A == [[Afrika]] == B == [[biléi]] C D == E == F G H I J K == L == [[lokótá]] == M == [[mbumba]] [[mpoto]] == N == [[ndunda]] [[niama]] O P Q R S T U V W X Y == Z == [[Zamba]] 7154 2005-12-03T23:00:03Z Moyogo 11 /* N */ == A == [[Afrika]] == B == [[biléi]] C D == E == F G H I J K == L == [[lokótá]] == M == [[mbumba]] [[mpoto]] == N == [[ndunda]] [[nyama]] O P Q R S T U V W X Y == Z == [[Zamba]] 7413 2005-12-21T12:56:54Z Bombo 12 cat Wikipedia == A == [[Afrika]] == B == [[biléi]] C D == E == F G H I J K == L == [[lokótá]] == M == [[mbumba]] [[mpoto]] == N == [[ndunda]] [[nyama]] O P Q R S T U V W X Y == Z == [[Zamba]] [[Category:Wikipedia]] 9718 2006-11-11T22:51:03Z Bombo 12 ===A=== * [[Category:Afrika|Afrika]] ===B=== * [[biléi]] ===C=== * ===D=== * ===E=== * ===Ɛ=== * ===F=== * ===G=== * ===Gb=== * ===H=== * ===I=== * ===K=== * [[Kɔ́ngɔ]] * ===L=== *[[lokótá]] * ===M=== * * ===Mb=== *[[mbumba]] ===Mp=== *[[mpoto]] ===N=== * ===Nd=== *[[ndunda]] ===Ng=== * ===Nk=== * ===Ns=== * ===Nt=== * ===Ny=== *[[nyama]] ===Nz=== * ===O=== * * ===Ɔ=== * ===P=== * ===R=== *[[Category:Relijió|Relijió]] ===S=== * ===T=== ===U=== ===V=== ===W=== ===Y=== ===Z=== *[[Zamba]] [[Category:Wikipedia]] 9720 2006-11-11T22:53:38Z Bombo 12 {{ABC}} __NOTOC__ {{abc}} ===A=== * [[Category:Afrika|Afrika]] ===B=== * [[biléi]] ===C=== * ===D=== * ===E=== * ===Ɛ=== * ===F=== * ===G=== * ===Gb=== * ===H=== * ===I=== * ===K=== * [[Kɔ́ngɔ]] * ===L=== *[[lokótá]] * ===M=== * * ===Mb=== *[[mbumba]] ===Mp=== *[[mpoto]] ===N=== * ===Nd=== *[[ndunda]] ===Ng=== * ===Nk=== * ===Ns=== * ===Nt=== * ===Ny=== *[[nyama]] ===Nz=== * ===O=== * * ===Ɔ=== * ===P=== * ===R=== *[[Category:Relijió|Relijió]] ===S=== * ===T=== ===U=== ===V=== ===W=== ===Y=== ===Z=== *[[Zamba]] [[Category:Wikipedia]] 9721 2006-11-11T22:54:29Z Bombo 12 typo __NOTOC__ {{abc}} ===A=== * [[:Category:Afrika|Afrika]] ===B=== * [[biléi]] ===C=== * ===D=== * ===E=== * ===Ɛ=== * ===F=== * ===G=== * ===Gb=== * ===H=== * ===I=== * ===K=== * [[Kɔ́ngɔ]] * ===L=== *[[lokótá]] * ===M=== * * ===Mb=== *[[mbumba]] ===Mp=== *[[mpoto]] ===N=== * ===Nd=== *[[ndunda]] ===Ng=== * ===Nk=== * ===Ns=== * ===Nt=== * ===Ny=== *[[nyama]] ===Nz=== * ===O=== * * ===Ɔ=== * ===P=== * ===R=== *[[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]] ===S=== * ===T=== ===U=== ===V=== ===W=== ===Y=== ===Z=== *[[Zamba]] [[Category:Wikipedia]] Biléi 1033 2631 2005-01-27T11:42:14Z Bombo 12 [[limpa]] [[mbumba]] [[ndunda]] 2661 2005-05-11T04:16:59Z Moyogo 11 {{ndambo}} {{ndámbo}} *[[limpa]] *[[mbuma]] *[[ndúnda]] *[[nyama]] 2662 2005-05-11T12:54:38Z Moyogo 11 +mbísi {{ndámbo}} *[[limpa]] *[[mbuma]] *[[ndúnda]] *[[nyama]] *[[mbísi]] 2663 2005-05-11T13:15:12Z Moyogo 11 nyama (animal) -> monsuni (viand) {{ndámbo}} *[[limpa]] *[[mbuma]] *[[ndúnda]] *[[monsuni]] *[[mbísi]] 4601 2005-05-11T13:16:35Z Moyogo 11 monsuni -> mosuni {{ndámbo}} *[[limpa]] *[[mbuma]] *[[ndúnda]] *[[mosuni]] *[[mbísi]] 6684 2005-11-05T10:19:39Z Moyogo 11 Bilei moved to Biléi {{ndámbo}} *[[limpa]] *[[mbuma]] *[[ndúnda]] *[[mosuni]] *[[mbísi]] Mbuma 1034 2211 2005-01-27T11:43:49Z Bombo 12 lingolo 2219 2005-01-27T11:44:06Z Bombo 12 [[lingolo]] 2248 2005-01-27T12:52:11Z Bombo 12 == A == [[ananasi]] == L == [[likemba]] [[lingolo]] 4602 2005-02-02T22:15:17Z 80.218.21.70 Ici manque un article sur les fruits en générale. ---- La liste des fruits n'est que temporairement ici. Elle sera éffacé d'ici peu. La liste n'est que pour que vous puissiez créer des articles sur les fruits ci-dessous. * Veuillez ajouter à la fin de votre article sur un fruit la catégorie (Lien: Category:Mbumba) == A == [[ananasi]] == L == [[likemba]] [[lingolo]] 6704 2005-11-05T14:04:42Z Moyogo 11 ortho Ici manque un article sur les fruits en générale. ---- La liste des fruits n'est que temporairement ici. Elle sera éffacé d'ici peu. La liste n'est que pour que vous puissiez créer des articles sur les fruits ci-dessous. * Veuillez ajouter à la fin de votre article sur un fruit la catégorie (Lien: Category:Mbumba) == A == [[ananasi]] == L == [[likemba]] [[língoló]] 6735 2005-11-05T17:08:06Z Blockinblox 38 {{lingála tɛ́}} {{lingála tɛ́}} Ici manque un article sur les fruits en générale. ---- La liste des fruits n'est que temporairement ici. Elle sera éffacé d'ici peu. La liste n'est que pour que vous puissiez créer des articles sur les fruits ci-dessous. * Veuillez ajouter à la fin de votre article sur un fruit la catégorie (Lien: Category:Mbumba) == A == [[ananasi]] == L == [[likemba]] [[língoló]] 7028 2005-11-25T18:23:20Z 129.132.1.4 Categories {{lingála tɛ́}} Ici manque un article sur les fruits en générale. ---- La liste des fruits n'est que temporairement ici. Elle sera éffacé d'ici peu. La liste n'est que pour que vous puissiez créer des articles sur les fruits ci-dessous. * Veuillez ajouter à la fin de votre article sur un fruit la catégorie (Lien: Category:Mbumba) == A == [[ananasi]] == L == [[likemba]] [[língoló]] [[Category:Zardɛ]] [[Category:Boyebi milona]] 8038 2006-04-20T12:56:41Z Bombo 12 interwiki [[Image:La Boqueria.JPG|250px|right|thumb|xyz]] [[Image:Fruit_Stall_in_Barcelona_Market.jpg|250px|right|thumb|xyz]] {{lingála tɛ́}} Ici manque un article sur les fruits en générale. ---- La liste des fruits n'est que temporairement ici. Elle sera éffacé d'ici peu. La liste n'est que pour que vous puissiez créer des articles sur les fruits ci-dessous. * Veuillez ajouter à la fin de votre article sur un fruit la catégorie (Lien: Category:Mbumba) == A == [[ananasi]] == L == [[likemba]] [[língoló]] [[Category:Zardɛ]] [[Category:Boyebi milona]] [[ca:Fruit]] [[cy:Ffrwyth]] [[da:Frugt]] [[de:Obst]] [[en:Fruit]] [[es:Fruta]] [[eo:Frukto]] [[io:Frukto]] [[it:Frutto]] [[lt:Vaisius]] [[nds:Frücht]] [[nl:Fruit]] [[ja:果物]] [[pl:Owoc]] [[simple:Fruit]] [[sl:Sadje]] [[sv:Frukt]] [[zh-cn:水果]] [[zh-tw:水果/繁]] Nyama 1035 2222 2005-01-27T12:49:17Z Bombo 12 Liste des animaux == L == [[lisweswe]] == M == [[makato]] [[mbisi]] [[mbwa]] [[meme]] == N == [[ndeke]] [[ngombe]] [[ngulu]] [[ngungi]] [[niao]] [[nkoli]] [[nsoso]] [[ntaba]] [[nzale]] [[nzoi]] [[nzoku]] 2246 2005-01-27T13:33:04Z Bombo 12 /* N */ Liste des animaux == L == [[lisweswe]] == M == [[makato]] [[mbisi]] [[mbwa]] [[meme]] == N == [[ndeke]] [[ngombe]] [[ngulu]] [[ngungi]] [[niao]] [[nkoli]] [[nkosi]] [[nsoso]] [[ntaba]] [[nzale]] [[nzoi]] [[nzoku]] 2618 2005-02-02T22:09:30Z 80.218.21.70 Ici manque un article sur les animaux en générale. ---- La liste des animaux n'est que temporairement ici. Elle sera éffacé d'ici peu. La liste n'est que pour que vous puissiez créer des articles sur les animaux ci-dessous. * Veuillez ajouter à la fin de votre article sur an animal la catégorie (Lien: Category:Niama) == L == [[lisweswe]] == M == [[makato]] [[mbisi]] [[mbwa]] [[meme]] == N == [[ndeke]] [[ngombe]] [[ngulu]] [[ngungi]] [[niao]] [[nkoli]] [[nkosi]] [[nsoso]] [[ntaba]] [[nzale]] [[nzoi]] [[nzoku]] [[Category:Niama]] 2652 2005-05-09T11:04:51Z Moyogo 11 niama -> nyama Ici manque un article sur les animaux en générale. ---- La liste des animaux n'est que temporairement ici. Elle sera éffacé d'ici peu. La liste n'est que pour que vous puissiez créer des articles sur les animaux ci-dessous. * Veuillez ajouter à la fin de votre article sur an animal la catégorie (Lien: Category:Niama) == L == [[lisweswe]] == M == [[makato]] [[mbisi]] [[mbwa]] [[meme]] == N == [[ndeke]] [[ngombe]] [[ngulu]] [[ngungi]] [[niao]] [[nkoli]] [[nkosi]] [[nsoso]] [[ntaba]] [[nzale]] [[nzoi]] [[nzoku]] [[Category:Nyama]] 4603 2005-05-11T04:41:02Z Moyogo 11 +{{ndámbo}} {{ndámbo}} Ici manque un article sur les animaux en générale. ---- La liste des animaux n'est que temporairement ici. Elle sera éffacé d'ici peu. La liste n'est que pour que vous puissiez créer des articles sur les animaux ci-dessous. * Veuillez ajouter à la fin de votre article sur an animal la catégorie (Lien: Category:Niama) == L == [[lisweswe]] == M == [[makato]] [[mbisi]] [[mbwa]] [[meme]] == N == [[ndeke]] [[ngombe]] [[ngulu]] [[ngungi]] [[niao]] [[nkoli]] [[nkosi]] [[nsoso]] [[ntaba]] [[nzale]] [[nzoi]] [[nzoku]] [[Category:Nyama]] 6183 2005-09-07T23:13:40Z 70.59.233.24 ici est la wikipedia lingala, non francais {{ndámbo}} == L == [[lisweswe]] == M == [[makato]] [[mbisi]] [[mbwa]] [[meme]] == N == [[ndeke]] [[ngombe]] [[ngulu]] [[ngungi]] [[niao]] [[nkoli]] [[nkosi]] [[nsoso]] [[ntaba]] [[nzale]] [[nzoi]] [[nzoku]] [[Category:Nyama]] 8122 2006-05-14T20:28:52Z Moyogo 11 '''Nyama''' (boyíké '''banyama''') ezalí ekelámo eye ezalí na [[lobíko]] mpé [[bomɔi]]. Biyíké bizalí [[Nyama ya mabɛ́lɛ|na mabɛ́lɛ]] mpé babótaka bǎna. Biyíké bisúsu bibimisaka [[líki|máki]]. {{ndámbo}} == L == [[lisweswe]] == M == [[makato]] [[mbisi]] [[mbwa]] [[meme]] == N == [[ndeke]] [[ngombe]] [[ngulu]] [[ngungi]] [[niao]] [[nkoli]] [[nkosi]] [[nsoso]] [[ntaba]] [[nzale]] [[nzoi]] [[nzoku]] [[Category:Nyama]] [[fr:Animal]] 9823 2006-11-21T20:24:50Z Bombo 12 /* N */ Nd Ng Nk Nz '''Nyama''' (boyíké '''banyama''') ezalí ekelámo eye ezalí na [[lobíko]] mpé [[bomɔi]]. Biyíké bizalí [[Nyama ya mabɛ́lɛ|na mabɛ́lɛ]] mpé babótaka bǎna. Biyíké bisúsu bibimisaka [[líki|máki]]. {{ndámbo}} == L == [[lisweswe]] == M == [[makato]] [[mbisi]] [[mbwa]] [[meme]] == N == [[niao]] [[nsoso]] [[ntaba]] == Nd == [[ndeke]] == Ng == [[ngombe]] [[ngulu]] [[ngungi]] == Nk == [[nkoli]] [[nkosi]] == Nz == [[nzale]] [[nzoi]] [[nzoku]] [[Category:Nyama]] [[fr:Animal]] Ndunda 1036 4604 2005-01-27T12:53:16Z Bombo 12 == L == [[litungulu]] 6710 2005-11-05T16:21:19Z Blockinblox 38 {{ndámbo}} {{ndámbo}} == L == [[litungulu]] Nkoli 1037 2221 2005-01-27T13:21:54Z Bombo 12 img [[image:Krokodile.png|frame|right|]] 2225 2005-01-27T13:30:56Z Bombo 12 [[image:Krokodile.png|thumb|frame|right|Nkoli]] 2226 2005-01-27T13:51:36Z Bombo 12 [[image:Krokodile.png|thumb|180px|right|Nkoli (crocodilus niloticus); in: Meyers Großes Konversationslexikon, 1905-09]] 2271 2005-01-27T13:55:25Z Bombo 12 [[image:Krokodile.png|thumb|180px|right|Nkoli (crocodilus niloticus); in: Meyers Großes Konversationslexikon, 1905-09]] [[Category:Niama]] 2619 2005-03-02T01:53:53Z Moyogo 11 nyama ya ebale [[image:Krokodile.png|thumb|180px|right|Nkoli (crocodilus niloticus); in: Meyers Großes Konversationslexikon, 1905-09]] '''Nkoli''', '''ngandó''', ezali [[nyama]] ya [[ebale]]. [[Category:Niama]] 2653 2005-05-09T11:05:01Z Moyogo 11 niama -> nyama [[image:Krokodile.png|thumb|180px|right|Nkoli (crocodilus niloticus); in: Meyers Großes Konversationslexikon, 1905-09]] '''Nkoli''', '''ngandó''', ezali [[nyama]] ya [[ebale]]. [[Category:Nyama]] 4605 2005-05-11T04:41:12Z Moyogo 11 +{{ndámbo}} {{ndámbo}} [[image:Krokodile.png|thumb|180px|right|Nkoli (crocodilus niloticus); in: Meyers Großes Konversationslexikon, 1905-09]] '''Nkoli''', '''ngandó''', ezali [[nyama]] ya [[ebale]]. [[Category:Nyama]] 8035 2006-04-20T12:47:15Z Bombo 12 interwiki {{ndámbo}} [[image:Krokodile.png|thumb|180px|right|Nkoli (crocodilus niloticus); in: Meyers Großes Konversationslexikon, 1905-09]] '''Nkoli''', '''ngandó''', ezali [[nyama]] ya [[ebale]]. [[Category:Nyama]] [[da:Krokodille]] [[de:Echte Krokodile]] [[en:Crocodile]] [[es:Crocodylidae]] [[fi:Krokotiilit]] [[he:תנין]] [[id:Buaya]] [[io:Krokodilo]] [[la:Crocodylidae]] [[lv:Krokodils]] [[nl:Krokodillen]] [[no:Krokodiller]] [[pl:Krokodylowe]] [[pt:Crocodilo]] [[sv:Krokodiler]] [[tl:Buwaya]] [[vi:Cá sấu]] 8906 2006-07-14T12:56:25Z 81.82.194.93 {{ndámbo}} [[image:Krokodile.png|thumb|180px|right|Nkoli (''Crocodilus niloticus''); in: Meyers Großes Konversationslexikon, 1905-09]] '''Nkoli''', '''ngandó''', ezali [[nyama]] ya [[ebale]]. [[Category:Nyama]] [[da:Krokodille]] [[de:Echte Krokodile]] [[en:Crocodile]] [[es:Crocodylidae]] [[fi:Krokotiilit]] [[he:תנין]] [[id:Buaya]] [[io:Krokodilo]] [[la:Crocodylidae]] [[lv:Krokodils]] [[nl:Krokodillen]] [[no:Krokodiller]] [[pl:Krokodylowe]] [[pt:Crocodilo]] [[sv:Krokodiler]] [[tl:Buwaya]] [[vi:Cá sấu]] Nzoku 1038 2220 2005-01-27T13:29:07Z Bombo 12 [[image:Lightmatter_elephanttrunk.jpg|frame|right|]] 2224 2005-01-27T13:30:18Z Bombo 12 [[image:Lightmatter_elephanttrunk.jpg|thumb|frame|right|Nzoku]] 2245 2005-01-27T13:47:39Z Bombo 12 [[image:Lightmatter_elephanttrunk.jpg|thumb|180px|right|Nzoku]] 2265 2005-02-02T22:06:25Z 80.218.21.70 [[image:Lightmatter_elephanttrunk.jpg|thumb|180px|right|Nzoku]] [[Category:Niama]] 2621 2005-02-08T17:50:11Z Robbot 14 robot Ajoute:ast,simple,ms,zh,en,eo,pl,af,es,ja,nl,sv,fr,da,de,ca,bg,ru [[image:Lightmatter_elephanttrunk.jpg|thumb|180px|right|Nzoku]] [[Category:Niama]] [[af:Olifant]] [[ast:Elefante]] [[bg:Слон]] [[ca:Elefant]] [[da:Elefant]] [[de:Elefanten]] [[en:Elephant]] [[eo:Elefanto]] [[es:Elefante]] [[fr:Éléphant]] [[ja:ゾウ]] [[ms:Gajah]] [[nl:Olifant]] [[pl:Słoniowate]] [[ru:Слон]] [[simple:Elephant]] [[sv:Elefanter]] [[zh:象]] 2655 2005-05-09T11:05:23Z Moyogo 11 niama -> nyama [[image:Lightmatter_elephanttrunk.jpg|thumb|180px|right|Nzoku]] [[Category:Nyama]] [[af:Olifant]] [[ast:Elefante]] [[bg:Слон]] [[ca:Elefant]] [[da:Elefant]] [[de:Elefanten]] [[en:Elephant]] [[eo:Elefanto]] [[es:Elefante]] [[fr:Éléphant]] [[ja:ゾウ]] [[ms:Gajah]] [[nl:Olifant]] [[pl:Słoniowate]] [[ru:Слон]] [[simple:Elephant]] [[sv:Elefanter]] [[zh:象]] 4606 2005-05-11T04:41:39Z Moyogo 11 {{ndámbo}} {{ndámbo}} [[image:Lightmatter_elephanttrunk.jpg|thumb|180px|right|Nzoku]] [[Category:Nyama]] [[af:Olifant]] [[ast:Elefante]] [[bg:Слон]] [[ca:Elefant]] [[da:Elefant]] [[de:Elefanten]] [[en:Elephant]] [[eo:Elefanto]] [[es:Elefante]] [[fr:Éléphant]] [[ja:ゾウ]] [[ms:Gajah]] [[nl:Olifant]] [[pl:Słoniowate]] [[ru:Слон]] [[simple:Elephant]] [[sv:Elefanter]] [[zh:象]] 9824 2006-11-21T20:28:01Z Bombo 12 cat nyama ya mabɛ́lɛ {{ndámbo}} [[image:Lightmatter_elephanttrunk.jpg|thumb|180px|right|Nzoku]] '''Nzoku''' ezalí [[nyama ya mabɛ́lɛ]] ya [[Afríka]]. [[Category:Nyama ya mabɛ́lɛ]] [[af:Olifant]] [[ast:Elefante]] [[bg:Слон]] [[ca:Elefant]] [[da:Elefant]] [[de:Elefanten]] [[en:Elephant]] [[eo:Elefanto]] [[es:Elefante]] [[fr:Éléphant]] [[ja:ゾウ]] [[ms:Gajah]] [[nl:Olifant]] [[pl:Słoniowate]] [[ru:Слон]] [[simple:Elephant]] [[sv:Elefanter]] [[zh:象]] Nkosi 1039 2223 2005-01-27T13:40:23Z Bombo 12 [[image:Loewe-painting.jpg|thumb|frame|right|Kenia; in: Brehms Tierleben, 1927]] [[image:Lightmatter_lioness.jpg|thumb|frame|right|Nkosi]] 2244 2005-01-27T13:47:02Z Bombo 12 [[image:Loewe-painting.jpg|thumb|180px|right|Kenia; in: Brehms Tierleben, 1927]] [[image:Lightmatter_lioness.jpg|thumb|180px|right|Nkosi]] 2266 2005-02-02T22:05:37Z 80.218.21.70 [[image:Loewe-painting.jpg|thumb|180px|right|Kenia; in: Brehms Tierleben, 1927]] [[image:Lightmatter_lioness.jpg|thumb|180px|right|Nkosi]] [[Category:Niama]] 2464 2005-02-08T19:14:45Z Robbot 14 robot Ajoute:cy,da,sl,pt,en,cs,he,eo,pl,es,ja,nl,fr,et,de,ro,bg,sv,ko [[image:Loewe-painting.jpg|thumb|180px|right|Kenia; in: Brehms Tierleben, 1927]] [[image:Lightmatter_lioness.jpg|thumb|180px|right|Nkosi]] [[Category:Niama]] [[bg:Лъв]] [[cs:Lev]] [[cy:Llew]] [[da:Løve]] [[de:Löwe]] [[en:Lion]] [[eo:Leono]] [[es:León (animal)]] [[et:Lõvi]] [[fr:Lion]] [[he:אריה]] [[ja:ライオン]] [[ko:사자]] [[nl:Leeuw]] [[pl:Lew (zwierzę)]] [[pt:Leão]] [[ro:Leu]] [[sl:Lev]] [[sv:Lejon]] 2465 2005-03-20T16:20:59Z 217.124.66.125 [[image:Loewe-painting.jpg|thumb|180px|right|Kenia; in: Brehms Tierleben, 1927]] [[image:Lightmatter_lioness.jpg|thumb|180px|right|Nkosi]] [[Category:Niama]] [[bg:Лъв]] [[ca:Lleó]] [[cs:Lev]] [[cy:Llew]] [[da:Løve]] [[de:Löwe]] [[en:Lion]] [[eo:Leono]] [[es:León (animal)]] [[et:Lõvi]] [[fr:Lion]] [[he:אריה]] [[ja:ライオン]] [[ko:사자]] [[nl:Leeuw]] [[pl:Lew (zwierzę)]] [[pt:Leão]] [[ro:Leu]] [[sl:Lev]] [[sv:Lejon]] 2620 2005-03-21T01:39:11Z Moyogo 11 [[image:Loewe-painting.jpg|thumb|180px|right|Kenia; in: Brehms Tierleben, 1927]] [[image:Lightmatter_lioness.jpg|thumb|180px|right|Nkosi]] '''Nkosi''' ezali [[nyama]] ya [[esóbé]]. [[Category:Niama]] [[bg:Лъв]] [[ca:Lleó]] [[cs:Lev]] [[cy:Llew]] [[da:Løve]] [[de:Löwe]] [[en:Lion]] [[eo:Leono]] [[es:León (animal)]] [[et:Lõvi]] [[fr:Lion]] [[he:אריה]] [[ja:ライオン]] [[ko:사자]] [[nl:Leeuw]] [[pl:Lew (zwierzę)]] [[pt:Leão]] [[ro:Leu]] [[sl:Lev]] [[sv:Lejon]] 2654 2005-05-09T11:05:14Z Moyogo 11 niama -> nyama [[image:Loewe-painting.jpg|thumb|180px|right|Kenia; in: Brehms Tierleben, 1927]] [[image:Lightmatter_lioness.jpg|thumb|180px|right|Nkosi]] '''Nkosi''' ezali [[nyama]] ya [[esóbé]]. [[Category:Nyama]] [[bg:Лъв]] [[ca:Lleó]] [[cs:Lev]] [[cy:Llew]] [[da:Løve]] [[de:Löwe]] [[en:Lion]] [[eo:Leono]] [[es:León (animal)]] [[et:Lõvi]] [[fr:Lion]] [[he:אריה]] [[ja:ライオン]] [[ko:사자]] [[nl:Leeuw]] [[pl:Lew (zwierzę)]] [[pt:Leão]] [[ro:Leu]] [[sl:Lev]] [[sv:Lejon]] 4607 2005-05-11T04:41:24Z Moyogo 11 +{{ndámbo}} {{ndámbo}} [[image:Loewe-painting.jpg|thumb|180px|right|Kenia; in: Brehms Tierleben, 1927]] [[image:Lightmatter_lioness.jpg|thumb|180px|right|Nkosi]] '''Nkosi''' ezali [[nyama]] ya [[esóbé]]. [[Category:Nyama]] [[bg:Лъв]] [[ca:Lleó]] [[cs:Lev]] [[cy:Llew]] [[da:Løve]] [[de:Löwe]] [[en:Lion]] [[eo:Leono]] [[es:León (animal)]] [[et:Lõvi]] [[fr:Lion]] [[he:אריה]] [[ja:ライオン]] [[ko:사자]] [[nl:Leeuw]] [[pl:Lew (zwierzę)]] [[pt:Leão]] [[ro:Leu]] [[sl:Lev]] [[sv:Lejon]] 9825 2006-11-21T20:30:12Z Bombo 12 cat nyama ya mabɛ́lɛ {{ndámbo}} [[image:Loewe-painting.jpg|thumb|180px|right|Kenia; in: Brehms Tierleben, 1927]] [[image:Lightmatter_lioness.jpg|thumb|180px|right|Nkosi]] '''Nkosi''' ezalí [[nyama ya mabɛ́lɛ]] ya [[esóbé]] ya [[Afríka]]. [[Category:Nyama ya mabɛ́lɛ]] [[bg:Лъв]] [[ca:Lleó]] [[cs:Lev]] [[cy:Llew]] [[da:Løve]] [[de:Löwe]] [[en:Lion]] [[eo:Leono]] [[es:León (animal)]] [[et:Lõvi]] [[fr:Lion]] [[he:אריה]] [[ja:ライオン]] [[ko:사자]] [[nl:Leeuw]] [[pl:Lew (zwierzę)]] [[pt:Leão]] [[ro:Leu]] [[sl:Lev]] [[sv:Lejon]] Língoló 1040 2644 2005-01-27T13:54:15Z Bombo 12 [[image:Mango 24.jpg|thumb|180px|right|xyz]] [[Category:Mbumba]] 2646 2005-05-11T04:33:48Z Moyogo 11 +{{ndámbo}} [[image:Mango 24.jpg|thumb|180px|right|xyz]] {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Mbumba]] 4608 2005-05-11T04:36:00Z Moyogo 11 mbumba -> mbuma [[image:Mango 24.jpg|thumb|180px|right|xyz]] {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Mbuma]] 6702 2005-11-05T14:03:15Z Moyogo 11 Lingolo moved to Língoló [[image:Mango 24.jpg|thumb|180px|right|xyz]] {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Mbuma]] 7830 2006-03-10T16:52:41Z Bombo 12 interwiki [[image:Mango 24.jpg|thumb|180px|right|xyz]] {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Mbuma]] [[en:Mango]] [[da:Mango]] [[de:Mango]] [[es:Mango]] [[eo:Mangujo]] [[ms:Mangga]] [[nl:Mango (vrucht)]] [[ja:マンゴー]] [[no:Mango]] [[pt:Manga (fruta)]] [[fi:Mango]] [[sv:Mango]] 7951 2006-04-02T20:20:01Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: ar, bg, ca, fr, he, it, pl, simple, sr, ta, zh, zh-min-nan Modifie: eo, nl [[image:Mango 24.jpg|thumb|180px|right|xyz]] {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Mbuma]] [[ar:مانجو]] [[bg:Манго]] [[ca:Mango]] [[da:Mango]] [[de:Mango]] [[en:Mango]] [[eo:Mango (frukto)]] [[es:Mango]] [[fi:Mango]] [[fr:Manguier]] [[he:מנגו]] [[it:Mango (frutto)]] [[ja:マンゴー]] [[ms:Mangga]] [[nl:Mango (geslacht)]] [[no:Mango]] [[pl:Mango]] [[pt:Manga (fruta)]] [[simple:Mango]] [[sr:Манго]] [[sv:Mango]] [[ta:மாம்பழம்]] [[zh:芒果]] [[zh-min-nan:Sōaiⁿ-á]] Category:Niama 1041 2243 2005-02-02T22:02:06Z 80.218.21.70 [[Nkoli]] [[Nkosi]] 2622 2005-02-02T22:03:53Z 80.218.21.70 Liste des animaux 4609 2005-05-09T11:10:08Z Moyogo 11 redirect Nyama #REDIRECT [[:Category:Nyama]] Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó 1043 4611 2005-02-02T22:32:52Z 80.218.21.70 '''Vous parlez le lingala? N'hésitez pas, cliquez sur edit et traduisez ces quelques phrases français en lingala! Merci.''' == Comment modifier ou ajouter un article? == Pratiquement toutes les pages de Wikipédia peuvent être immédiatement modifiées par tous les visiteurs, sans enregistrement préalable : *Cliquez sur '''Modifier''' en haut de la page. *Le texte de la page apparaît dans un champ éditable: tapez, effacez, corrigez ce que vous voulez en lingala. *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''Sauvegarder''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Comment changer les polices en '''gras''' ou ''italique''? == Vous pouvez marquer le texte en question (appuyer la touche de la souris et glisser à travers du texte). Ensuite cliquez en haut à gauche sur le bouton avec le "'''B'''" gras pour gras ou sur le bouton avec le "'''''I'''''" italique pour italique. Le texte marqué sera signé par deux ou trois ' pour qu'il sera affiché gras ou italique. {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |''texte en italique'' |<nowiki>''texte en italique''</nowiki> (apostrophes et non guillemets) |- | '''texte en gras''' |<nowiki>'''texte en gras'''</nowiki> |} *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''Sauvegarder''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Comment faire une liste? == {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |<ul><li>liste</li><li>à</li><li>puce</li></ul> |<nowiki>*</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>à<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>puce |- |<ol><li>liste</li><li>numérotée</li></ol> |<nowiki>#</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>#</nowiki>numérotée |} *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''Sauvegarder''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Comment faire les titres? == Vous pouvez marquer le texte en question (appuyer la touche de la souris et glisser à travers du texte). Ensuite cliquez en haut à gauche sur le bouton avec le grand "'''A'''". Le texte marqué sera signé par les "==" pour qu'il sera affiché comme titre. {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |<h2>Titre de section</h2> |<nowiki> ==Titre de section== </nowiki> |- |<h3>Titre de sous-section</h3> |<nowiki>===Titre de sous-section===</nowiki> |} *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''Sauvegarder''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Y-a-t-il d'autres possibilités pour éditer? == Cet article vous présente la [[syntaxe|syntaxe propre à wikipédia]]. Il résume sous la forme de tableaux les différentes mises en forme possibles. La colonne de droite indique les codes à saisir, et celle de gauche l'effet obtenu. == Où est-ce que je peux faire mes premiers pas sans rien casser? == Vous pouvez effectuer vos tests sur le [[Wikipedia:Esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]] qui est réservé à cet usage. 6037 2005-08-29T16:10:49Z 84.194.218.141 '''Vous parlez le lingala? N'hésitez pas, cliquez sur edit et traduisez ces quelques phrases français en lingala! Merci.''' ====== test ====== ======= test ======= == Comment modifier ou ajouter un article? == Pratiquement toutes les pages de Wikipédia peuvent être immédiatement modifiées par tous les visiteurs, sans enregistrement préalable : *Cliquez sur '''Modifier''' en haut de la page. *Le texte de la page apparaît dans un champ éditable: tapez, effacez, corrigez ce que vous voulez en lingala. *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''Sauvegarder''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Comment changer les polices en '''gras''' ou ''italique''? == Vous pouvez marquer le texte en question (appuyer la touche de la souris et glisser à travers du texte). Ensuite cliquez en haut à gauche sur le bouton avec le "'''B'''" gras pour gras ou sur le bouton avec le "'''''I'''''" italique pour italique. Le texte marqué sera signé par deux ou trois ' pour qu'il sera affiché gras ou italique. {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |''texte en italique'' |<nowiki>''texte en italique''</nowiki> (apostrophes et non guillemets) |- | '''texte en gras''' |<nowiki>'''texte en gras'''</nowiki> |} *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''Sauvegarder''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Comment faire une liste? == {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |<ul><li>liste</li><li>à</li><li>puce</li></ul> |<nowiki>*</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>à<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>puce |- |<ol><li>liste</li><li>numérotée</li></ol> |<nowiki>#</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>#</nowiki>numérotée |} *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''Sauvegarder''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Comment faire les titres? == Vous pouvez marquer le texte en question (appuyer la touche de la souris et glisser à travers du texte). Ensuite cliquez en haut à gauche sur le bouton avec le grand "'''A'''". Le texte marqué sera signé par les "==" pour qu'il sera affiché comme titre. {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |<h2>Titre de section</h2> |<nowiki> ==Titre de section== </nowiki> |- |<h3>Titre de sous-section</h3> |<nowiki>===Titre de sous-section===</nowiki> |} *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''Sauvegarder''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Y-a-t-il d'autres possibilités pour éditer? == Cet article vous présente la [[syntaxe|syntaxe propre à wikipédia]]. Il résume sous la forme de tableaux les différentes mises en forme possibles. La colonne de droite indique les codes à saisir, et celle de gauche l'effet obtenu. == Où est-ce que je peux faire mes premiers pas sans rien casser? == Vous pouvez effectuer vos tests sur le [[Wikipedia:Esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]] qui est réservé à cet usage. 6038 2005-08-29T16:11:48Z 84.194.218.141 '''Vous parlez le lingala? N'hésitez pas, cliquez sur edit et traduisez ces quelques phrases français en lingala! Merci.''' ===== test ===== ====== test ====== == Comment modifier ou ajouter un article? == Pratiquement toutes les pages de Wikipédia peuvent être immédiatement modifiées par tous les visiteurs, sans enregistrement préalable : *Cliquez sur '''Modifier''' en haut de la page. *Le texte de la page apparaît dans un champ éditable: tapez, effacez, corrigez ce que vous voulez en lingala. *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''Sauvegarder''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Comment changer les polices en '''gras''' ou ''italique''? == Vous pouvez marquer le texte en question (appuyer la touche de la souris et glisser à travers du texte). Ensuite cliquez en haut à gauche sur le bouton avec le "'''B'''" gras pour gras ou sur le bouton avec le "'''''I'''''" italique pour italique. Le texte marqué sera signé par deux ou trois ' pour qu'il sera affiché gras ou italique. {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |''texte en italique'' |<nowiki>''texte en italique''</nowiki> (apostrophes et non guillemets) |- | '''texte en gras''' |<nowiki>'''texte en gras'''</nowiki> |} *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''Sauvegarder''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Comment faire une liste? == {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |<ul><li>liste</li><li>à</li><li>puce</li></ul> |<nowiki>*</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>à<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>puce |- |<ol><li>liste</li><li>numérotée</li></ol> |<nowiki>#</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>#</nowiki>numérotée |} *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''Sauvegarder''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Comment faire les titres? == Vous pouvez marquer le texte en question (appuyer la touche de la souris et glisser à travers du texte). Ensuite cliquez en haut à gauche sur le bouton avec le grand "'''A'''". Le texte marqué sera signé par les "==" pour qu'il sera affiché comme titre. {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |<h2>Titre de section</h2> |<nowiki> ==Titre de section== </nowiki> |- |<h3>Titre de sous-section</h3> |<nowiki>===Titre de sous-section===</nowiki> |} *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''Sauvegarder''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Y-a-t-il d'autres possibilités pour éditer? == Cet article vous présente la [[syntaxe|syntaxe propre à wikipédia]]. Il résume sous la forme de tableaux les différentes mises en forme possibles. La colonne de droite indique les codes à saisir, et celle de gauche l'effet obtenu. == Où est-ce que je peux faire mes premiers pas sans rien casser? == Vous pouvez effectuer vos tests sur le [[Wikipedia:Esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]] qui est réservé à cet usage. 6039 2005-08-29T16:12:03Z 84.194.218.141 '''Vous parlez le lingala? N'hésitez pas, cliquez sur edit et traduisez ces quelques phrases français en lingala! Merci.''' == Comment modifier ou ajouter un article? == Pratiquement toutes les pages de Wikipédia peuvent être immédiatement modifiées par tous les visiteurs, sans enregistrement préalable : *Cliquez sur '''Modifier''' en haut de la page. *Le texte de la page apparaît dans un champ éditable: tapez, effacez, corrigez ce que vous voulez en lingala. *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''Sauvegarder''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Comment changer les polices en '''gras''' ou ''italique''? == Vous pouvez marquer le texte en question (appuyer la touche de la souris et glisser à travers du texte). Ensuite cliquez en haut à gauche sur le bouton avec le "'''B'''" gras pour gras ou sur le bouton avec le "'''''I'''''" italique pour italique. Le texte marqué sera signé par deux ou trois ' pour qu'il sera affiché gras ou italique. {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |''texte en italique'' |<nowiki>''texte en italique''</nowiki> (apostrophes et non guillemets) |- | '''texte en gras''' |<nowiki>'''texte en gras'''</nowiki> |} *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''Sauvegarder''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Comment faire une liste? == {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |<ul><li>liste</li><li>à</li><li>puce</li></ul> |<nowiki>*</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>à<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>puce |- |<ol><li>liste</li><li>numérotée</li></ol> |<nowiki>#</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>#</nowiki>numérotée |} *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''Sauvegarder''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Comment faire les titres? == Vous pouvez marquer le texte en question (appuyer la touche de la souris et glisser à travers du texte). Ensuite cliquez en haut à gauche sur le bouton avec le grand "'''A'''". Le texte marqué sera signé par les "==" pour qu'il sera affiché comme titre. {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |<h2>Titre de section</h2> |<nowiki> ==Titre de section== </nowiki> |- |<h3>Titre de sous-section</h3> |<nowiki>===Titre de sous-section===</nowiki> |} *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''Sauvegarder''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Y-a-t-il d'autres possibilités pour éditer? == Cet article vous présente la [[syntaxe|syntaxe propre à wikipédia]]. Il résume sous la forme de tableaux les différentes mises en forme possibles. La colonne de droite indique les codes à saisir, et celle de gauche l'effet obtenu. == Où est-ce que je peux faire mes premiers pas sans rien casser? == Vous pouvez effectuer vos tests sur le [[Wikipedia:Esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]] qui est réservé à cet usage. 6962 2005-11-21T15:38:22Z Moyogo 11 [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libóso]] moved to [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó]] '''Vous parlez le lingala? N'hésitez pas, cliquez sur edit et traduisez ces quelques phrases français en lingala! Merci.''' == Comment modifier ou ajouter un article? == Pratiquement toutes les pages de Wikipédia peuvent être immédiatement modifiées par tous les visiteurs, sans enregistrement préalable : *Cliquez sur '''Modifier''' en haut de la page. *Le texte de la page apparaît dans un champ éditable: tapez, effacez, corrigez ce que vous voulez en lingala. *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''Sauvegarder''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Comment changer les polices en '''gras''' ou ''italique''? == Vous pouvez marquer le texte en question (appuyer la touche de la souris et glisser à travers du texte). Ensuite cliquez en haut à gauche sur le bouton avec le "'''B'''" gras pour gras ou sur le bouton avec le "'''''I'''''" italique pour italique. Le texte marqué sera signé par deux ou trois ' pour qu'il sera affiché gras ou italique. {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |''texte en italique'' |<nowiki>''texte en italique''</nowiki> (apostrophes et non guillemets) |- | '''texte en gras''' |<nowiki>'''texte en gras'''</nowiki> |} *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''Sauvegarder''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Comment faire une liste? == {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |<ul><li>liste</li><li>à</li><li>puce</li></ul> |<nowiki>*</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>à<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>puce |- |<ol><li>liste</li><li>numérotée</li></ol> |<nowiki>#</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>#</nowiki>numérotée |} *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''Sauvegarder''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Comment faire les titres? == Vous pouvez marquer le texte en question (appuyer la touche de la souris et glisser à travers du texte). Ensuite cliquez en haut à gauche sur le bouton avec le grand "'''A'''". Le texte marqué sera signé par les "==" pour qu'il sera affiché comme titre. {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |<h2>Titre de section</h2> |<nowiki> ==Titre de section== </nowiki> |- |<h3>Titre de sous-section</h3> |<nowiki>===Titre de sous-section===</nowiki> |} *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''Sauvegarder''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Y-a-t-il d'autres possibilités pour éditer? == Cet article vous présente la [[syntaxe|syntaxe propre à wikipédia]]. Il résume sous la forme de tableaux les différentes mises en forme possibles. La colonne de droite indique les codes à saisir, et celle de gauche l'effet obtenu. == Où est-ce que je peux faire mes premiers pas sans rien casser? == Vous pouvez effectuer vos tests sur le [[Wikipedia:Esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]] qui est réservé à cet usage. 7220 2005-12-06T08:04:09Z Moyogo 11 '''Vous parlez le lingala? N'hésitez pas, cliquez sur edit et traduisez ces quelques phrases français en lingala! Merci.''' == Comment modifier ou ajouter un article? == Pratiquement toutes les pages de Wikipédia peuvent être immédiatement modifiées par tous les visiteurs, sans enregistrement préalable : *Cliquez sur '''Modifier''' en haut de la page. *Le texte de la page apparaît dans un champ éditable: tapez, effacez, corrigez ce que vous voulez en lingala. *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''Sauvegarder''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Comment changer les polices en '''gras''' ou ''italique''? == Vous pouvez marquer le texte en question (appuyer la touche de la souris et glisser à travers du texte). Ensuite cliquez en haut à gauche sur le bouton avec le "'''B'''" gras pour gras ou sur le bouton avec le "'''''I'''''" italique pour italique. Le texte marqué sera signé par deux ou trois ' pour qu'il sera affiché gras ou italique. {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |''texte en italique'' |<nowiki>''texte en italique''</nowiki> (apostrophes et non guillemets) |- | '''texte en gras''' |<nowiki>'''texte en gras'''</nowiki> |} *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''Sauvegarder''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Comment faire une liste? == {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |<ul><li>liste</li><li>à</li><li>puce</li></ul> |<nowiki>*</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>à<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>puce |- |<ol><li>liste</li><li>numérotée</li></ol> |<nowiki>#</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>#</nowiki>numérotée |} *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''Sauvegarder''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Comment faire les titres? == Vous pouvez marquer le texte en question (appuyer la touche de la souris et glisser à travers du texte). Ensuite cliquez en haut à gauche sur le bouton avec le grand "'''A'''". Le texte marqué sera signé par les "==" pour qu'il sera affiché comme titre. {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |<h2>Titre de section</h2> |<nowiki> ==Titre de section== </nowiki> |- |<h3>Titre de sous-section</h3> |<nowiki>===Titre de sous-section===</nowiki> |} *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''Sauvegarder''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Y-a-t-il d'autres possibilités pour éditer? == Cet article vous présente la [[Wikipedia:syntaxe|syntaxe propre à wikipédia]]. Il résume sous la forme de tableaux les différentes mises en forme possibles. La colonne de droite indique les codes à saisir, et celle de gauche l'effet obtenu. == Où est-ce que je peux faire mes premiers pas sans rien casser? == Vous pouvez effectuer vos tests sur le [[Wikipedia:Esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]] qui est réservé à cet usage. 7350 2005-12-14T09:20:51Z Bombo 12 interwiki fr, en '''Vous parlez le lingala? N'hésitez pas, cliquez sur edit et traduisez ces quelques phrases français en lingala! Merci.''' == Comment modifier ou ajouter un article? == Pratiquement toutes les pages de Wikipédia peuvent être immédiatement modifiées par tous les visiteurs, sans enregistrement préalable : *Cliquez sur '''Kobalusa''' en haut de la page. *Le texte de la page apparaît dans un champ éditable: tapez, effacez, corrigez ce que vous voulez en lingala. *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''kobíkisa ekakoli''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Comment changer les polices en '''gras''' ou ''italique''? == Vous pouvez marquer le texte en question (appuyer la touche de la souris et glisser à travers du texte). Ensuite cliquez en haut à gauche sur le bouton avec le "'''B'''" gras pour gras ou sur le bouton avec le "'''''I'''''" italique pour italique. Le texte marqué sera signé par deux ou trois ' pour qu'il sera affiché gras ou italique. {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |''texte en italique'' |<nowiki>''texte en italique''</nowiki> (apostrophes et non guillemets) |- | '''texte en gras''' |<nowiki>'''texte en gras'''</nowiki> |} *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''kobíkisa ekakoli''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Comment faire une liste? == {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |<ul><li>liste</li><li>à</li><li>puce</li></ul> |<nowiki>*</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>à<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>puce |- |<ol><li>liste</li><li>numérotée</li></ol> |<nowiki>#</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>#</nowiki>numérotée |} *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''kobíkisa ekakoli''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Comment faire les titres? == Vous pouvez marquer le texte en question (appuyer la touche de la souris et glisser à travers du texte). Ensuite cliquez en haut à gauche sur le bouton avec le grand "'''A'''". Le texte marqué sera signé par les "==" pour qu'il sera affiché comme titre. {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |<h2>Titre de section</h2> |<nowiki> ==Titre de section== </nowiki> |- |<h3>Titre de sous-section</h3> |<nowiki>===Titre de sous-section===</nowiki> |} *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''kobíkisa ekakoli''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Y-a-t-il d'autres possibilités pour éditer? == Cet article vous présente la [[Wikipedia:syntaxe|syntaxe propre à wikipédia]]. Il résume sous la forme de tableaux les différentes mises en forme possibles. La colonne de droite indique les codes à saisir, et celle de gauche l'effet obtenu. == Où est-ce que je peux faire mes premiers pas sans rien casser? == Vous pouvez effectuer vos tests sur le [[Wikipedia:Esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]] qui est réservé à cet usage. [[en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] [[fr:Aide:Premiers_pas]] 7723 2006-02-18T01:22:13Z Moyogo 11 '''Vous parlez le lingala? N'hésitez pas, cliquez sur [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Kot%C3%A1mbola_ya_libos%C3%B3&action=edit kobalusa] et traduisez ces quelques phrases français en lingala! Merci.''' == Comment modifier ou ajouter un article? == Pratiquement toutes les pages de Wikipédia peuvent être immédiatement modifiées par tous les visiteurs, sans enregistrement préalable : *Cliquez sur '''Kobalusa''' en haut de la page. *Le texte de la page apparaît dans un champ éditable: tapez, effacez, corrigez ce que vous voulez en lingala. *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''kobíkisa ekakoli''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Comment changer les polices en '''gras''' ou ''italique''? == Vous pouvez marquer le texte en question (appuyer la touche de la souris et glisser à travers du texte). Ensuite cliquez en haut à gauche sur le bouton avec le "'''B'''" gras pour gras ou sur le bouton avec le "'''''I'''''" italique pour italique. Le texte marqué sera signé par deux ou trois ' pour qu'il sera affiché gras ou italique. {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |''texte en italique'' |<nowiki>''texte en italique''</nowiki> (apostrophes et non guillemets) |- | '''texte en gras''' |<nowiki>'''texte en gras'''</nowiki> |} *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''kobíkisa ekakoli''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Comment faire une liste? == {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |<ul><li>liste</li><li>à</li><li>puce</li></ul> |<nowiki>*</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>à<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>puce |- |<ol><li>liste</li><li>numérotée</li></ol> |<nowiki>#</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>#</nowiki>numérotée |} *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''kobíkisa ekakoli''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Comment faire les titres? == Vous pouvez marquer le texte en question (appuyer la touche de la souris et glisser à travers du texte). Ensuite cliquez en haut à gauche sur le bouton avec le grand "'''A'''". Le texte marqué sera signé par les "==" pour qu'il sera affiché comme titre. {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |<h2>Titre de section</h2> |<nowiki> ==Titre de section== </nowiki> |- |<h3>Titre de sous-section</h3> |<nowiki>===Titre de sous-section===</nowiki> |} *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''kobíkisa ekakoli''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Y-a-t-il d'autres possibilités pour éditer? == Cet article vous présente la [[Wikipedia:syntaxe|syntaxe propre à wikipédia]]. Il résume sous la forme de tableaux les différentes mises en forme possibles. La colonne de droite indique les codes à saisir, et celle de gauche l'effet obtenu. == Où est-ce que je peux faire mes premiers pas sans rien casser? == Vous pouvez effectuer vos tests sur le [[Wikipedia:Esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]] qui est réservé à cet usage. [[en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] [[fr:Aide:Premiers_pas]] 9119 2006-08-15T13:01:43Z Bombo 12 '''Vous parlez le lingala? N'hésitez pas, cliquez sur [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Kot%C3%A1mbola_ya_libos%C3%B3&action=edit kobalusa] et traduisez ces quelques phrases français en lingala! Merci.''' Cet article décrit ''les premiers pas'' pour contribuer à Wikipedia. Des informations plus détailées sont [[Wikipedia:syntaxe|disponible sur une seconde page]]. == Comment modifier ou ajouter un article? == Pratiquement toutes les pages de Wikipédia peuvent être immédiatement modifiées par tous les visiteurs, sans enregistrement préalable : *Cliquez sur '''Kobalusa''' en haut de la page. *Le texte de la page apparaît dans un champ éditable: tapez, effacez, corrigez ce que vous voulez en lingala. *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''kobíkisa ekakoli''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Comment changer les polices en '''gras''' ou ''italique''? == Vous pouvez marquer le texte en question (appuyer la touche de la souris et glisser à travers du texte). Ensuite cliquez en haut à gauche sur le bouton avec le "'''B'''" gras pour gras ou sur le bouton avec le "'''''I'''''" italique pour italique. Le texte marqué sera signé par deux ou trois ' pour qu'il sera affiché gras ou italique. {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |''texte en italique'' |<nowiki>''texte en italique''</nowiki> (apostrophes et non guillemets) |- | '''texte en gras''' |<nowiki>'''texte en gras'''</nowiki> |} *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''kobíkisa ekakoli''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Comment faire une liste? == {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |<ul><li>liste</li><li>à</li><li>puce</li></ul> |<nowiki>*</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>à<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>puce |- |<ol><li>liste</li><li>numérotée</li></ol> |<nowiki>#</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>#</nowiki>numérotée |} *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''kobíkisa ekakoli''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Comment faire les titres? == Vous pouvez marquer le texte en question (appuyer la touche de la souris et glisser à travers du texte). Ensuite cliquez en haut à gauche sur le bouton avec le grand "'''A'''". Le texte marqué sera signé par les "==" pour qu'il sera affiché comme titre. {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |<h2>Titre de section</h2> |<nowiki> ==Titre de section== </nowiki> |- |<h3>Titre de sous-section</h3> |<nowiki>===Titre de sous-section===</nowiki> |} *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''kobíkisa ekakoli''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Y-a-t-il d'autres possibilités pour éditer? == Cet article vous présente la [[Wikipedia:syntaxe|syntaxe propre à wikipédia]]. Il résume sous la forme de tableaux les différentes mises en forme possibles. La colonne de droite indique les codes à saisir, et celle de gauche l'effet obtenu. == Où est-ce que je peux faire mes premiers pas sans rien casser? == Vous pouvez effectuer vos tests sur le [[Wikipedia:Esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]] qui est réservé à cet usage. [[en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] [[fr:Aide:Premiers_pas]] 9120 2006-08-15T16:39:58Z 160.85.2.50 /* Comment modifier ou ajouter un article? */ ajouter '''Vous parlez le lingala? N'hésitez pas, cliquez sur [http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Kot%C3%A1mbola_ya_libos%C3%B3&action=edit kobalusa] et traduisez ces quelques phrases français en lingala! Merci.''' Cet article décrit ''les premiers pas'' pour contribuer à Wikipedia. Des informations plus détailées sont [[Wikipedia:syntaxe|disponible sur une seconde page]]. == Comment modifier ou ajouter un article? == Pratiquement toutes les pages de Wikipédia peuvent être immédiatement modifiées par tous les visiteurs, sans enregistrement préalable : *Cliquez sur '''Kobalusa''' en haut de la page. *Le texte de la page apparaît dans un champ éditable: tapez, effacez, corrigez ce que vous voulez en lingala. *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' (Show preview) pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''kobíkisa ekakoli''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. '''Ajouter un article non existant''' * Tapez le titre du futur article dans l'espace ''boluki'' * Cliquez '''Go''' * Sur la page ''Boluki'' qui s'ouvre, cliquez sur le texte rouge <font style="color:#FF0000">create this page</font>. == Comment changer les polices en '''gras''' ou ''italique''? == Vous pouvez marquer le texte en question (appuyer la touche de la souris et glisser à travers du texte). Ensuite cliquez en haut à gauche sur le bouton avec le "'''B'''" gras pour gras ou sur le bouton avec le "'''''I'''''" italique pour italique. Le texte marqué sera signé par deux ou trois ' pour qu'il sera affiché gras ou italique. {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |''texte en italique'' |<nowiki>''texte en italique''</nowiki> (apostrophes et non guillemets) |- | '''texte en gras''' |<nowiki>'''texte en gras'''</nowiki> |} *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''kobíkisa ekakoli''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Comment faire une liste? == {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |<ul><li>liste</li><li>à</li><li>puce</li></ul> |<nowiki>*</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>à<br/><nowiki>*</nowiki>puce |- |<ol><li>liste</li><li>numérotée</li></ol> |<nowiki>#</nowiki>liste<br/><nowiki>#</nowiki>numérotée |} *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''kobíkisa ekakoli''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Comment faire les titres? == Vous pouvez marquer le texte en question (appuyer la touche de la souris et glisser à travers du texte). Ensuite cliquez en haut à gauche sur le bouton avec le grand "'''A'''". Le texte marqué sera signé par les "==" pour qu'il sera affiché comme titre. {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5px" !Résultat !Syntaxe wikipédia |- |<h2>Titre de section</h2> |<nowiki> ==Titre de section== </nowiki> |- |<h3>Titre de sous-section</h3> |<nowiki>===Titre de sous-section===</nowiki> |} *Cliquez sur '''Prévisualisation''' pour voir l'effet de vos changements. Vous pouvez répéter la manœuvre jusqu'à ce que le résultat vous convienne. *Si le résultat convient, cliquez sur '''kobíkisa ekakoli''' et vous avez alors ''contribué'' à Wikipédia. Sinon, la modification peut être abandonnée sans autre formalité en visitant une quelconque autre page. == Y-a-t-il d'autres possibilités pour éditer? == Cet article vous présente la [[Wikipedia:syntaxe|syntaxe propre à wikipédia]]. Il résume sous la forme de tableaux les différentes mises en forme possibles. La colonne de droite indique les codes à saisir, et celle de gauche l'effet obtenu. == Où est-ce que je peux faire mes premiers pas sans rien casser? == Vous pouvez effectuer vos tests sur le [[Wikipedia:Esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]] qui est réservé à cet usage. [[en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] [[fr:Aide:Premiers_pas]] Wikipedia:GNU Free Document License 1044 4612 2005-02-02T22:47:47Z 80.218.21.70 Si vous utilisez du contenu de Wikipedia, vous devez ajouter comme source: "Wikipedia Lingala sous terme de la licence GNU de documents libres (GNU-FDL)" <pre> Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". </pre> ---- Nachfolgend der englischsprachige Originaltext der '''GNU Free Documentation License''' ([[GNU-Lizenz für freie Dokumentation]]). Eine inoffizielle Übersetzung findet sich [http://www.linegiese-on.de/gnufdl-de.html hier]. Bitte beachten Sie auch die entsprechenden Hinweise in den [[Wikipedia:Lizenzbestimmungen|Lizenzbestimmungen]]. <pre> GNU Free Documentation License Version 1.2, November 2002 Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 0. PREAMBLE The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for modifications made by others. This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license designed for free software. We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission under copyright law. A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into another language. A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding them. The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says that the Document is released under this License. If a section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant Sections then there are none. The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words. A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose specification is available to the general public, that is suitable for revising the document straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque". 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For works in formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text. A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) To "Preserve the Title" of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" according to this definition. The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which states that this License applies to the Document. 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TRANSLATION Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from their copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a translation of this License, and all the license notices in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include the original English version of this License and the original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between the translation and the original version of this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will prevail. If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual title. 9. TERMINATION You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance. 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/. Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the License in the document and put the following copyright and license notices just after the title page: Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this: with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the situation. If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free software. </pre> 7805 2006-03-06T14:43:25Z 160.85.2.50 Si vous utilisez du contenu de Wikipedia, vous devez ajouter comme source: "Wikipedia Lingala sous terme de la licence GNU de documents libres (GNU-FDL)" <pre> Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". </pre> ---- Vérsion originale (angalis) de la '''licence de documentation libre GNU''' (''GNU Free Documentation License'' GNDU FDL). <pre> GNU Free Documentation License Version 1.2, November 2002 Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 0. PREAMBLE The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for modifications made by others. This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license designed for free software. We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission under copyright law. A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into another language. A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding them. The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says that the Document is released under this License. If a section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant Sections then there are none. The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words. A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose specification is available to the general public, that is suitable for revising the document straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque". Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally available, and the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word processors for output purposes only. The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text. A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) To "Preserve the Title" of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" according to this definition. The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on the meaning of this License. 2. VERBATIM COPYING You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you may publicly display copies. 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects. If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages. If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a computer-network location from which the general network-using public has access to download using public-standard network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public. It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document. 4. MODIFICATIONS You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version if the original publisher of that version gives permission. B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they release you from this requirement. C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified Version, as the publisher. D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to the other copyright notices. F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below. G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice. H. Include an unaltered copy of this License. I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence. J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network locations given in the Document for previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section. You may omit a network location for a work that was published at least four years before the Document itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers to gives permission. K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein. L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not be included in the Modified Version. N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements" or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section. O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a standard. You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version. 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS You may combine the Document with other documents released under this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers. The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents, make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History" in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements". 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects. You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document. 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves derivative works of the Document. If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate. 8. TRANSLATION Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from their copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a translation of this License, and all the license notices in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include the original English version of this License and the original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between the translation and the original version of this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will prevail. If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual title. 9. TERMINATION You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance. 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/. Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the License in the document and put the following copyright and license notices just after the title page: Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this: with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the situation. If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free software. </pre> 7806 2006-03-06T14:58:17Z 160.85.2.50 ''Do you speak lingála? — please transalte this page or a part of it. Botondi mingi mingi. Vous parlez le lingála? — Merci de traduire cette page ou une paragraphe. Botondi mingi mingi.'' Si vous utilisez du contenu de Wikipedia, vous devez ajouter comme source: "Wikipedia Lingala sous terme de la licence GNU de documents libres (GNU-FDL)" <pre> Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". </pre> ---- Vérsion originale (angalis) de la '''licence de documentation libre GNU''' (''GNU Free Documentation License'' GNDU FDL). <pre> GNU Free Documentation License Version 1.2, November 2002 Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 0. PREAMBLE The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for modifications made by others. This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license designed for free software. We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission under copyright law. A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into another language. A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding them. The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says that the Document is released under this License. If a section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant Sections then there are none. The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words. A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose specification is available to the general public, that is suitable for revising the document straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque". Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally available, and the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word processors for output purposes only. The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text. A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) To "Preserve the Title" of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" according to this definition. The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on the meaning of this License. 2. VERBATIM COPYING You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you may publicly display copies. 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects. If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages. If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a computer-network location from which the general network-using public has access to download using public-standard network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public. It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document. 4. MODIFICATIONS You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version if the original publisher of that version gives permission. B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they release you from this requirement. C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified Version, as the publisher. D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to the other copyright notices. F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below. G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice. H. Include an unaltered copy of this License. I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence. J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network locations given in the Document for previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section. You may omit a network location for a work that was published at least four years before the Document itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers to gives permission. K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein. L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not be included in the Modified Version. N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements" or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section. O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a standard. You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version. 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS You may combine the Document with other documents released under this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers. The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents, make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History" in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements". 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects. You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document. 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves derivative works of the Document. If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate. 8. TRANSLATION Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from their copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a translation of this License, and all the license notices in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include the original English version of this License and the original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between the translation and the original version of this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will prevail. If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual title. 9. TERMINATION You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance. 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/. Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the License in the document and put the following copyright and license notices just after the title page: Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this: with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the situation. If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free software. </pre> 7807 2006-03-06T14:58:56Z 160.85.2.50 ''Do you speak lingála? — please transalte this page or a part of it. Botondi mingi mingi.'' ''Vous parlez le lingála? — Merci de traduire cette page ou une paragraphe. Botondi mingi mingi.'' Si vous utilisez du contenu de Wikipedia, vous devez ajouter comme source: "Wikipedia Lingala sous terme de la licence GNU de documents libres (GNU-FDL)" <pre> Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". </pre> ---- Vérsion originale (angalis) de la '''licence de documentation libre GNU''' (''GNU Free Documentation License'' GNDU FDL). <pre> GNU Free Documentation License Version 1.2, November 2002 Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 0. 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AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves derivative works of the Document. If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate. 8. TRANSLATION Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from their copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a translation of this License, and all the license notices in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include the original English version of this License and the original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between the translation and the original version of this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will prevail. If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual title. 9. TERMINATION You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance. 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/. Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the License in the document and put the following copyright and license notices just after the title page: Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this: with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the situation. If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free software. </pre> Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa 1045 2256 2005-02-07T19:00:19Z 80.218.21.70 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''République démocratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_medium.png]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Drapeau du Congo|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Sans''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png]] |----- | [[Langue officielle]] || [[Langue française|français]] |----- | Langues nationales | [[lingala]], [[swahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Capitale]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Présidents de la République démocratique du Congo|Président]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Superficie]] <br />&nbsp;- Totale <br />&nbsp;- % eau | [[Liste des pays par superficie|Classé 12{{e}}]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Population]]<br />&nbsp;- Totale ([[Année]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Liste des pays par population|Classé 23{{e}}]]<br /> 55 225 478 habitants<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Indépendance]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | de la [[Belgique]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Monnaie]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lakótá == Na ekolo Kongo elobami [[lakótá|bakota]] kama mibale. Nyoso wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingala]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Démographie == [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|left|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2002 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2004). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Subdivisions == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Subdivisions de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasai-Occidental]] # [[Kasai-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. 2261 2005-02-07T19:07:01Z 80.218.21.70 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''République démocratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_medium.png]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Drapeau du Congo|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Sans''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png]] |----- | [[Langue officielle]] || [[Langue française|français]] |----- | Langues nationales | [[lingala]], [[swahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Capitale]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Présidents de la République démocratique du Congo|Président]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Superficie]] <br />&nbsp;- Totale <br />&nbsp;- % eau | [[Liste des pays par superficie|Classé 12{{e}}]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Population]]<br />&nbsp;- Totale ([[Année]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Liste des pays par population|Classé 23{{e}}]]<br /> 55 225 478 habitants<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Indépendance]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | de la [[Belgique]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Monnaie]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lakótá == Na ekolo Kongo elobami [[lakótá|bakota]] kama mibale. Nyoso wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingala]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Démographie == [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|left|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2002 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2004). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Subdivisions == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Subdivisions de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasai-Occidental]] # [[Kasai-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. [[Category:Afrika]] 2262 2005-02-08T08:10:49Z 69.171.78.235 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''République démocratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_medium.png]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Drapeau du Congo|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Sans''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png]] |----- | [[Langue officielle]] || [[Langue française|français]] |----- | Langues nationales | [[lingala]], [[swahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Capitale]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Présidents de la République démocratique du Congo|Président]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Superficie]] <br />&nbsp;- Totale <br />&nbsp;- % eau | [[Liste des pays par superficie|Classé 12{{e}}]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Population]]<br />&nbsp;- Totale ([[Année]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Liste des pays par population|Classé 23{{e}}]]<br /> 55 225 478 habitants<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Indépendance]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | de la [[Belgique]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Monnaie]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lakótá == Na ekolo Kongo elobami [[lakótá|bakota]] kama mibale. Nyoso wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingala]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Démographie == [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|left|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2002 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2004). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Subdivisions == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Subdivisions de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasai-Occidental]] # [[Kasai-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. [[Category:Afrika]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Демократическая Республика]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:刚果民主共和国]] 2267 2005-02-08T08:11:19Z 69.171.78.235 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''République démocratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_medium.png]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Drapeau du Congo|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Sans''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png]] |----- | [[Langue officielle]] || [[Langue française|français]] |----- | Langues nationales | [[lingala]], [[swahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Capitale]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Présidents de la République démocratique du Congo|Président]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Superficie]] <br />&nbsp;- Totale <br />&nbsp;- % eau | [[Liste des pays par superficie|Classé 12{{e}}]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Population]]<br />&nbsp;- Totale ([[Année]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Liste des pays par population|Classé 23{{e}}]]<br /> 55 225 478 habitants<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Indépendance]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | de la [[Belgique]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Monnaie]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lakótá == Na ekolo Kongo elobami [[lakótá|bakota]] kama mibale. Nyoso wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingala]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Démographie == [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|left|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2002 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2004). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Subdivisions == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Subdivisions de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasai-Occidental]] # [[Kasai-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. [[Category:Afrika]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Демократическая Республика]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:刚果民主共和国]] 2270 2005-02-21T11:11:34Z 195.65.169.21 /* Lakótá */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''République démocratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_medium.png]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Drapeau du Congo|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Sans''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png]] |----- | [[Langue officielle]] || [[Langue française|français]] |----- | Langues nationales | [[lingala]], [[swahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Capitale]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Présidents de la République démocratique du Congo|Président]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Superficie]] <br />&nbsp;- Totale <br />&nbsp;- % eau | [[Liste des pays par superficie|Classé 12{{e}}]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Population]]<br />&nbsp;- Totale ([[Année]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Liste des pays par population|Classé 23{{e}}]]<br /> 55 225 478 habitants<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Indépendance]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | de la [[Belgique]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Monnaie]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lakótá == Na ekolo Kongo elobami [[lakótá|bakota]] kama mibale. Nyoso wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingala]] mpe [[swahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Démographie == [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|left|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2002 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2004). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Subdivisions == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Subdivisions de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasai-Occidental]] # [[Kasai-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. [[Category:Afrika]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Демократическая Республика]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:刚果民主共和国]] 2293 2005-03-02T01:49:05Z Moyogo 11 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''République démocratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_medium.png]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Drapeau du Congo|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Sans''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Langue officielle]] || [[Langue française|français]] |----- | Langues nationales | [[lingala]], [[swahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Capitale]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Présidents de la République démocratique du Congo|Président]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Superficie]] <br />&nbsp;- Totale <br />&nbsp;- % eau | [[Liste des pays par superficie|Classé 12{{e}}]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Population]]<br />&nbsp;- Totale ([[Année]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Liste des pays par population|Classé 23{{e}}]]<br /> 55 225 478 habitants<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Indépendance]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | de la [[Belgique]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Monnaie]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lakótá == Na ekolo Kongo elobami [[lakótá|bakota]] kama mibale. Nyoso wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingala]] mpe [[swahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Démographie == [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|left|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2002 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2004). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Subdivisions == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Subdivisions de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasai-Occidental]] # [[Kasai-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. [[Category:Afrika]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Демократическая Республика]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:刚果民主共和国]] 2304 2005-03-05T15:25:57Z Bombo 12 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''République démocratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_medium.png]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Drapeau du Congo|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Sans''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Langue officielle]] || [[Langue française|français]] |----- | Langues nationales | [[lingala]], [[swahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[mboka-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Présidents de la République démocratique du Congo|Président]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- Totale <br />&nbsp;- % eau | [[Liste des pays par superficie|Classé 12{{e}}]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Population]]<br />&nbsp;- Totale ([[Année]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Liste des pays par population|Classé 23{{e}}]]<br /> 55 225 478 habitants<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Indépendance]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | de la [[Belgique]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lakótá == Na ekolo Kongo elobami [[lakótá|bakota]] kama mibale. Nyoso wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingala]] mpe [[swahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Démographie == [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|left|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2002 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2004). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Subdivisions == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Subdivisions de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasai-Occidental]] # [[Kasai-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:mbóka]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] 2307 2005-03-05T20:17:46Z Moyogo 11 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''République démocratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_medium.png]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Drapeau du Congo|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Sans''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Langue officielle]] || [[Langue française|français]] |----- | Langues nationales | [[lingala]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Mboka-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Présidents de la République démocratique du Congo|Président]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- Totale <br />&nbsp;- % eau | [[Liste des pays par superficie|Classé 12{{e}}]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Population]]<br />&nbsp;- Totale ([[Année]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Liste des pays par population|Classé 23{{e}}]]<br /> 55 225 478 habitants<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Indépendance]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | de la [[Belgique]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lakótá == Na ekolo Kongo elobami [[lakótá|bakótá]] kama mibale. Nyoso wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingala]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Démographie == [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|left|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2002 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2004). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Subdivisions == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Subdivisions de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasai-Occidental]] # [[Kasai-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:mbóka]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] 2309 2005-03-05T23:50:17Z Bombo 12 /* Lakótá */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''République démocratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_medium.png]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Drapeau du Congo|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Sans''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Langue officielle]] || [[Langue française|français]] |----- | Langues nationales | [[lingala]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Mboka-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Présidents de la République démocratique du Congo|Président]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- Totale <br />&nbsp;- % eau | [[Liste des pays par superficie|Classé 12{{e}}]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Population]]<br />&nbsp;- Totale ([[Année]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Liste des pays par population|Classé 23{{e}}]]<br /> 55 225 478 habitants<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Indépendance]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | de la [[Belgique]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lakótá == Na ekolo Kongo elobami [[lakótá|bakótá]] kama mibale. Nyoso wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Démographie == [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|left|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2002 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2004). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Subdivisions == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Subdivisions de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasai-Occidental]] # [[Kasai-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:mbóka]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] 2321 2005-03-06T00:13:34Z Bombo 12 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''Kongo Demokratiki'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_medium.png]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Drapeau du Congo|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Sans''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Langue officielle]] || [[Langue française|français]] |----- | Langues nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Mboka-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Tata-mokonzi]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Liste des pays par superficie|Classé 12{{e}}]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Population]]<br />&nbsp;- ekokí ([[Année]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Liste des pays par population|Classé 23{{e}}]]<br /> 55 225 478 habitants<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Indépendance]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | de la [[Belgique]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lakótá == Na ekolo Kongo elobami [[lakótá|bakótá]] kama mibale. Nyoso wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Démographie == [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|left|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2002 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2004). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Subdivisions == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Subdivisions de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasai-Occidental]] # [[Kasai-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:mbóka]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] 2693 2005-03-06T12:44:14Z Moyogo 11 Mbúla {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''Kongo Demokratiki'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_medium.png]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Drapeau du Congo|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Sans''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Langue officielle]] || [[Langue française|français]] |----- | Langues nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Mboka-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Tata-mokonzi]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Liste des pays par superficie|Classé 12{{e}}]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Population]]<br />&nbsp;- ekokí ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Liste des pays par population|Classé 23{{e}}]]<br /> 55 225 478 habitants<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Indépendance]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | de la [[Belgique]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lakótá == Na ekolo Kongo elobami [[lakótá|bakótá]] kama mibale. Nyoso wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Démographie == [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|left|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2002 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2004). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Subdivisions == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Subdivisions de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasai-Occidental]] # [[Kasai-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:mbóka]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] 2695 2005-05-31T18:18:01Z Moyogo 11 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''Kongo Demokratiki'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_medium.png]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Drapeau du Congo|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Sans''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Langue officielle]] || [[français]] |----- | Langues nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Mboka-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Tata-mokonzi]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Liste des pays par superficie|Classé 12{{e}}]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Liste des pays par population|Classé 23{{e}}]]<br /> 55 225 478 habitants<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[Bɛ́ljika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lakótá == Na ekolo Kongo elobami [[lakótá|bakótá]] kama mibale. Nyoso wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Démographie == [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|left|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2002 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2004). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Subdivisions == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Subdivisions de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasai-Occidental]] # [[Kasai-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:mbóka]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] 2696 2005-05-31T18:31:36Z Moyogo 11 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''Kongo Demokratiki'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_medium.png]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Drapeau du Congo|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Sans''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta officielle]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Mboka-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Tata-mokonzi]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[Bɛ́ljika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Démographie == [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|left|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2002 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2004). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Subdivisions == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Subdivisions de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasai-Occidental]] # [[Kasai-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:mbóka]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] 2697 2005-05-31T19:59:38Z Moyogo 11 flag {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''Kongo Demokratiki'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Drapeau du Congo|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Sans''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta officielle]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Mboka-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Tata-mokonzi]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[Bɛ́ljika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Démographie == [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|left|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2002 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2004). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Subdivisions == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Subdivisions de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasai-Occidental]] # [[Kasai-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:mbóka]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] 2699 2005-05-31T20:01:11Z Moyogo 11 cat:mboka -> bise {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''Kongo Demokratiki'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Drapeau du Congo|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Sans''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta officielle]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Mboka-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Tata-mokonzi]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[Bɛ́ljika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Démographie == [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|left|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2002 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2004). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Subdivisions == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Subdivisions de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasai-Occidental]] # [[Kasai-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:bisé]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] 2703 2005-05-31T20:13:47Z Moyogo 11 /* Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''Kongo Demokratiki'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Drapeau du Congo|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Sans''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta officielle]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Mboka-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Tata-mokonzi]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[Bɛ́ljika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Démographie == [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|left|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2002 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2004). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Subdivisions == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Subdivisions de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasai-Occidental]] # [[Kasai-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[Category:Bisé]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] 4613 2005-05-31T20:51:13Z Moyogo 11 Drapeau -> Bɛndɛ́lɛ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''Kongo Demokratiki'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Sans''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta officielle]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Mboka-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Tata-mokonzi]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[Bɛ́ljika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Démographie == [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|left|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2002 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2004). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Subdivisions == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Subdivisions de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasai-Occidental]] # [[Kasai-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[Category:Bisé]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] 5210 2005-07-03T21:28:58Z 199.8.238.219 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''Kongo Demokratiki'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Sans''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta officielle]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Mboka-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Tata-mokonzi]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[Bɛ́ljika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Démographie == [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|left|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2002 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2004). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Subdivisions == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Subdivisions de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasai-Occidental]] # [[Kasai-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[Category:Bisé]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] $ 5212 2005-07-06T18:26:57Z 199.8.233.126 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''Kongo Demokratiki'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Sans''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Mboka-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Tata-mokonzi]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[Bɛ́ljika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Démographie == [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|left|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2002 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2004). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Subdivisions == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Subdivisions de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasai-Occidental]] # [[Kasai-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[Category:Bisé]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] $ 5214 2005-07-06T18:46:00Z 199.8.233.126 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasia - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Mboka-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[Bɛ́ljika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Démographie == [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|left|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2002 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2004). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Subdivisions == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Subdivisions de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasai-Occidental]] # [[Kasai-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[Category:Bisé]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] $ 5215 2005-07-10T22:06:24Z 199.8.238.219 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasia - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Mboka-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[Bɛ́ljika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Démographie == [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|left|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2002 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2004). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Subdivisions == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Subdivisions de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasai-Occidental]] # [[Kasai-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[Category:Bisé]] [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5216 2005-07-10T22:17:02Z 199.8.238.219 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasia - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Mboka-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[Bɛ́ljika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Démographie == [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|left|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2002 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2004). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Subdivisions == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Subdivisions de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasai-Occidental]] # [[Kasai-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Voir: [[État indépendant du Congo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' fut entre [[1971]] et [[1999]] le nom porté par l'actuelle [[République démocratique du Congo]], ainsi que par sa monnaie et par le fleuve qui donne au pays son seul accès à l'océan Atlantique Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Ancien nom!!Nom congolais |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Politique == ''Article détaillé : [[Politique de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Présidents : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Premiers ministres : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Provinces == ''Article détaillé : [[Provinces de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {|align=center style="text-align:center" | # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] | [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|250px]] |} == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] == Culture == ''Article détaillé : [[Culture de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nom français}} !! {{nwt|Nom local}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Voir aussi== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Pays du monde]] * [[Afrique]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.rdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5217 2005-07-10T22:19:32Z 199.8.238.219 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasia - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Mboka-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[Bɛ́ljika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Voir: [[État indépendant du Congo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' fut entre [[1971]] et [[1999]] le nom porté par l'actuelle [[République démocratique du Congo]], ainsi que par sa monnaie et par le fleuve qui donne au pays son seul accès à l'océan Atlantique Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Ancien nom!!Nom congolais |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Subdivisions == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Subdivisions de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasai-Occidental]] # [[Kasai-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politique == ''Article détaillé : [[Politique de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Présidents : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Premiers ministres : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Provinces == ''Article détaillé : [[Provinces de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {|align=center style="text-align:center" | # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] | [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|250px]] |} == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Culture == ''Article détaillé : [[Culture de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nom français}} !! {{nwt|Nom local}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Voir aussi== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Pays du monde]] * [[Afrique]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.rdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5218 2005-07-11T00:59:56Z 199.8.238.219 /* Subdivisions */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasia - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Mboka-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[Bɛ́ljika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Voir: [[État indépendant du Congo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' fut entre [[1971]] et [[1999]] le nom porté par l'actuelle [[République démocratique du Congo]], ainsi que par sa monnaie et par le fleuve qui donne au pays son seul accès à l'océan Atlantique Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Ancien nom!!Nom congolais |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Biteni bya Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Biteni bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]]) # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasai-Occidental]] # [[Kasai-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinsasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nor-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politique == ''Article détaillé : [[Politique de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Présidents : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Premiers ministres : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Provinces == ''Article détaillé : [[Provinces de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {|align=center style="text-align:center" | # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] | [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|250px]] |} == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Culture == ''Article détaillé : [[Culture de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nom français}} !! {{nwt|Nom local}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Voir aussi== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Pays du monde]] * [[Afrique]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.rdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5219 2005-07-11T01:01:35Z 199.8.238.219 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''Repubiliki ya Kongo Demokratiki<br>(Kongo-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasia - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Mboka-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[Bɛ́ljika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Voir: [[État indépendant du Congo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' fut entre [[1971]] et [[1999]] le nom porté par l'actuelle [[République démocratique du Congo]], ainsi que par sa monnaie et par le fleuve qui donne au pays son seul accès à l'océan Atlantique Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Ancien nom!!Nom congolais |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Biteni bya Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Biteni bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]]) # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasai-Occidental]] # [[Kasai-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinsasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nor-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politique == ''Article détaillé : [[Politique de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Présidents : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Premiers ministres : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Provinces == ''Article détaillé : [[Provinces de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {|align=center style="text-align:center" | # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] | [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|250px]] |} == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Culture == ''Article détaillé : [[Culture de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nom français}} !! {{nwt|Nom local}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Voir aussi== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Pays du monde]] * [[Afrique]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.rdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5220 2005-07-11T01:04:49Z 199.8.238.219 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kongo Demokratiki]]<br>(Kongo-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasia - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Mboka-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[Bɛ́ljika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Voir: [[État indépendant du Congo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' fut entre [[1971]] et [[1999]] le nom porté par l'actuelle [[République démocratique du Congo]], ainsi que par sa monnaie et par le fleuve qui donne au pays son seul accès à l'océan Atlantique Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Ancien nom!!Nom congolais |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Biteni bya Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Biteni bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]]) # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasai-Occidental]] # [[Kasai-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinsasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nor-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politique == ''Article détaillé : [[Politique de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Présidents : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Premiers ministres : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Provinces == ''Article détaillé : [[Provinces de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {|align=center style="text-align:center" | # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] | [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|250px]] |} == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Culture == ''Article détaillé : [[Culture de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nom français}} !! {{nwt|Nom local}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Voir aussi== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Pays du monde]] * [[Afrique]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.rdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5221 2005-07-11T01:07:04Z 199.8.238.219 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kongo-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasia - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Mboka-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[Bɛ́ljika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Voir: [[État indépendant du Congo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' fut entre [[1971]] et [[1999]] le nom porté par l'actuelle [[République démocratique du Congo]], ainsi que par sa monnaie et par le fleuve qui donne au pays son seul accès à l'océan Atlantique Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Ancien nom!!Nom congolais |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Biteni bya Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Biteni bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]]) # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasai-Occidental]] # [[Kasai-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinsasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nor-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politique == ''Article détaillé : [[Politique de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Présidents : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Premiers ministres : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Provinces == ''Article détaillé : [[Provinces de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {|align=center style="text-align:center" | # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] | [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|250px]] |} == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Culture == ''Article détaillé : [[Culture de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nom français}} !! {{nwt|Nom local}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Voir aussi== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Pays du monde]] * [[Afrique]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.rdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5223 2005-07-11T01:10:06Z 199.8.238.219 #REDIRECT [[Republiki ya Kongo Demokratiki]] 5224 2005-07-11T01:15:53Z 199.8.238.219 #REDIRECT [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] 5225 2005-07-11T01:18:22Z 199.8.238.219 #REDIRECT [[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] 5416 2005-07-18T16:42:43Z Moyogo 11 redirect {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kongo-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasia - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Mboka-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[Bɛ́ljika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Voir: [[État indépendant du Congo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' fut entre [[1971]] et [[1999]] le nom porté par l'actuelle [[République démocratique du Congo]], ainsi que par sa monnaie et par le fleuve qui donne au pays son seul accès à l'océan Atlantique Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Ancien nom!!Nom congolais |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Biteni bya Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Biteni bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]]) # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasai-Occidental]] # [[Kasai-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinsasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nor-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politique == ''Article détaillé : [[Politique de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Présidents : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Premiers ministres : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Provinces == ''Article détaillé : [[Provinces de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {|align=center style="text-align:center" | # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] | [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|250px]] |} == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Culture == ''Article détaillé : [[Culture de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nom français}} !! {{nwt|Nom local}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Voir aussi== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Pays du monde]] * [[Afrique]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.rdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] 5418 2005-07-18T22:45:20Z 199.8.238.219 /* Biteni bya Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kongo-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasia - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Mboka-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[Bɛ́ljika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Voir: [[État indépendant du Congo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' fut entre [[1971]] et [[1999]] le nom porté par l'actuelle [[République démocratique du Congo]], ainsi que par sa monnaie et par le fleuve qui donne au pays son seul accès à l'océan Atlantique Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Ancien nom!!Nom congolais |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Biteni bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Biteni bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]]) # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasai-Occidental]] # [[Kasai-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinsasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nor-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politique == ''Article détaillé : [[Politique de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Présidents : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Premiers ministres : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Provinces == ''Article détaillé : [[Provinces de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {|align=center style="text-align:center" | # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] | [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|250px]] |} == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Culture == ''Article détaillé : [[Culture de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nom français}} !! {{nwt|Nom local}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Voir aussi== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Pays du monde]] * [[Afrique]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.rdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] 5419 2005-07-18T22:47:07Z 199.8.238.219 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kongo-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasia - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[Bɛ́ljika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Voir: [[État indépendant du Congo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' fut entre [[1971]] et [[1999]] le nom porté par l'actuelle [[République démocratique du Congo]], ainsi que par sa monnaie et par le fleuve qui donne au pays son seul accès à l'océan Atlantique Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Ancien nom!!Nom congolais |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Biteni bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Biteni bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]]) # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasai-Occidental]] # [[Kasai-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinsasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nor-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politique == ''Article détaillé : [[Politique de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Présidents : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Premiers ministres : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Provinces == ''Article détaillé : [[Provinces de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {|align=center style="text-align:center" | # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] | [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|250px]] |} == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Culture == ''Article détaillé : [[Culture de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nom français}} !! {{nwt|Nom local}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Voir aussi== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Pays du monde]] * [[Afrique]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.rdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] 5420 2005-07-18T22:47:27Z 199.8.238.219 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kongo-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasia - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[Bɛ́ljika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Voir: [[État indépendant du Congo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' fut entre [[1971]] et [[1999]] le nom porté par l'actuelle [[République démocratique du Congo]], ainsi que par sa monnaie et par le fleuve qui donne au pays son seul accès à l'océan Atlantique Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Ancien nom!!Nom congolais |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Biteni bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Biteni bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]]) # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasai-Occidental]] # [[Kasai-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinsasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nor-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politique == ''Article détaillé : [[Politique de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Présidents : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Premiers ministres : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Provinces == ''Article détaillé : [[Provinces de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {|align=center style="text-align:center" | # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] | [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|250px]] |} == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Culture == ''Article détaillé : [[Culture de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nom français}} !! {{nwt|Nom local}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Voir aussi== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Pays du monde]] * [[Afrique]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.rdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] 5421 2005-07-18T22:48:23Z 199.8.238.219 /* Provinces */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kongo-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasia - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[Bɛ́ljika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Voir: [[État indépendant du Congo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' fut entre [[1971]] et [[1999]] le nom porté par l'actuelle [[République démocratique du Congo]], ainsi que par sa monnaie et par le fleuve qui donne au pays son seul accès à l'océan Atlantique Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Ancien nom!!Nom congolais |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Biteni bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Biteni bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]]) # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasai-Occidental]] # [[Kasai-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinsasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nor-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politique == ''Article détaillé : [[Politique de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Présidents : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Premiers ministres : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Culture == ''Article détaillé : [[Culture de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nom français}} !! {{nwt|Nom local}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Voir aussi== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Pays du monde]] * [[Afrique]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.rdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] 5422 2005-07-18T22:51:31Z Themalau 22 /* Biteni bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kongo-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasia - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[Bɛ́ljika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Voir: [[État indépendant du Congo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' fut entre [[1971]] et [[1999]] le nom porté par l'actuelle [[République démocratique du Congo]], ainsi que par sa monnaie et par le fleuve qui donne au pays son seul accès à l'océan Atlantique Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Ancien nom!!Nom congolais |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Biteni bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article ya molayi : [[Biteni bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' Ba Provinsi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]]) # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasai-Occidental]] # [[Kasai-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinsasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nor-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politique == ''Article détaillé : [[Politique de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Présidents : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Premiers ministres : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Culture == ''Article détaillé : [[Culture de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nom français}} !! {{nwt|Nom local}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Voir aussi== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Pays du monde]] * [[Afrique]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.rdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] 5426 2005-07-18T23:05:43Z Themalau 22 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kongo-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasia - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[Bɛ́ljika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Voir: [[État indépendant du Congo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' fut entre [[1971]] et [[1999]] le nom porté par l'actuelle [[République démocratique du Congo]], ainsi que par sa monnaie et par le fleuve qui donne au pays son seul accès à l'océan Atlantique Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Ancien nom!!Nom congolais |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Biteni bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article ya molayi : [[Biteni bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' Ba Provinsi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]]) # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasai-Occidental]] # [[Kasai-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinsasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nor-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Article ya molayi : [[Politiki bya ya Kongo Kinshasa ]]'' Présidents : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Premiers ministres : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Culture == ''Article détaillé : [[Culture de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nom français}} !! {{nwt|Nom local}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Voir aussi== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Pays du monde]] * [[Afrique]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.rdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] 5427 2005-07-18T23:10:53Z Themalau 22 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Historia == ''Article détaillé : [[Historia ya Kongo-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe: [[Kongó (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' ezalaki banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkombo oyo ebengamaki [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekolo wana, mpe ebale oyo epesaka ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimeli naye see moko na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Nkombo ya kala!!Nkombo ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == ''Article ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' Bakambi Ekolo : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Bakambi Bulamatari : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutahi o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Article ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopemi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tala mpe== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5428 2005-07-18T23:12:11Z Themalau 22 /* Historia */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Historia == ''Article détaillé : [[Historia ya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe: [[Kongó (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' ezalaki banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkombo oyo ebengamaki [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekolo wana, mpe ebale oyo epesaka ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimeli naye see moko na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Nkombo ya kala!!Nkombo ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == ''Article ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' Bakambi Ekolo : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Bakambi Bulamatari : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutahi o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Article ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopemi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tala mpe== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5429 2005-07-18T23:13:34Z Themalau 22 /* Politiki bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Historia == ''Article détaillé : [[Historia ya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe: [[Kongó (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' ezalaki banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkombo oyo ebengamaki [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekolo wana, mpe ebale oyo epesaka ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimeli naye see moko na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Nkombo ya kala!!Nkombo ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Article ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutahi o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Article ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopemi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tala mpe== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5433 2005-07-18T23:20:31Z Themalau 22 /* Ba Provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Historia == ''Article détaillé : [[Historia ya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe: [[Kongó (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' ezalaki banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkombo oyo ebengamaki [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekolo wana, mpe ebale oyo epesaka ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimeli naye see moko na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Nkombo ya kala!!Nkombo ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article ya molayi : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa mibengami [[Provinsi]]. Ba provinsi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa bazali: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Article ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutahi o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Article ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopemi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tala mpe== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5448 2005-07-18T23:47:40Z Themalau 22 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Mokambi Ekolo Kongo Kinshasa|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Historia == ''Article détaillé : [[Historia ya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe: [[Kongó (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' ezalaki banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkombo oyo ebengamaki [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekolo wana, mpe ebale oyo epesaka ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimeli naye see moko na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Nkombo ya kala!!Nkombo ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article ya molayi : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa mibengami [[Provinsi]]. Ba provinsi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa bazali: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Article ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutahi o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Article ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopemi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tala mpe== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5458 2005-07-20T17:30:30Z 199.8.236.60 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Mokambi Ekolo Kongo Kinshasa|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Historia ya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe: [[Kongó (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' ezalaki banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkombo oyo ebengamaki [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekolo wana, mpe ebale oyo epesaka ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimeli naye see moko na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Nkombo ya kala!!Nkombo ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa mibengami [[Provinsi]]. Ba provinsi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa bazali: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tala mpe== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[sw:Jamhuri ya Kidemokraia cha Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5522 2005-07-22T21:16:05Z 199.8.238.219 /* Historia */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Mokambi Ekolo Kongo Kinshasa|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Historia ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe: [[Kongó (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' ezalaki banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkombo oyo ebengamaki [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekolo wana, mpe ebale oyo epesaka ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimeli naye see moko na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Nkombo ya kala!!Nkombo ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa mibengami [[Provinsi]]. Ba provinsi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa bazali: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tala mpe== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[sw:Jamhuri ya Kidemokraia cha Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5540 2005-07-23T22:07:09Z 199.8.238.219 /* Historia */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Mokambi Ekolo Kongo Kinshasa|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Historia ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe: [[Kongó (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' ezalaki banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkombo oyo ebengamaki [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekolo wana, mpe ebale oyo epesaka ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimeli naye see moko na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. [[Congo belge]] elongaki lipanda na 1960, o nkombo ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkombo se moko na kolonia ya kala ya Falansia - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkombo ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezuamaki na 1966, kasi bikólo babale basilaki koyebana mingi-mingi, mpe kokesana na nkombo ya bingumba-mikonzi babàngo, pona komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpe Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima 1965), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Nkombo ya kala!!Nkombo ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa mibengami [[Provinsi]]. Ba provinsi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa bazali: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tala mpe== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[sw:Jamhuri ya Kidemokraia cha Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5541 2005-07-23T22:09:50Z 199.8.238.219 /* Historia */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Mokambi Ekolo Kongo Kinshasa|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Historia ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe: [[Kongó (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' ezalaki banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkombo oyo ebengamaki [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekolo wana, mpe ebale oyo epesaka ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimeli naye see moko na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. [[Congo belge]] elongaki lipanda na 1960, o nkombo ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkombo se moko na kolonia ya kala ya Falansia - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkombo ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezuamaki na 1966, kasi bikólo babale basilaki koyebana mingi-mingi, mpe kokesana na nkombo ya bingumba-mikonzi babàngo, pona komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpe Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima 1965), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Nkombo ya kala!!!Nkombo ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa mibengami [[Provinsi]]. Ba provinsi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa bazali: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tala mpe== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[sw:Jamhuri ya Kidemokraia cha Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5542 2005-07-23T22:10:59Z 199.8.238.219 /* Historia */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Mokambi Ekolo Kongo Kinshasa|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Historia ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe: [[Kongó (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' ezalaki banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkombo oyo ebengamaki [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekolo wana, mpe ebale oyo epesaka ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimeli naye see moko na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. [[Congo belge]] elongaki lipanda na 1960, o nkombo ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkombo se moko na kolonia ya kala ya Falansia - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkombo ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezuamaki na 1966, kasi bikólo babale basilaki koyebana mingi-mingi, mpe kokesana na nkombo ya bingumba-mikonzi babàngo, pona komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpe Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima 1965), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Nkombo ya kala!! !!!Nkombo ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa mibengami [[Provinsi]]. Ba provinsi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa bazali: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tala mpe== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[sw:Jamhuri ya Kidemokraia cha Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5543 2005-07-23T22:12:31Z 199.8.238.219 /* Historia */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Mokambi Ekolo Kongo Kinshasa|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Historia ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe: [[Kongó (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' ezalaki banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkombo oyo ebengamaki [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekolo wana, mpe ebale oyo epesaka ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimeli naye see moko na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. [[Congo belge]] elongaki lipanda na 1960, o nkombo ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkombo se moko na kolonia ya kala ya Falansia - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkombo ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezuamaki na 1966, kasi bikólo babale basilaki koyebana mingi-mingi, mpe kokesana na nkombo ya bingumba-mikonzi babàngo, pona komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpe Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima 1965), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Nkombo ya kala !!Nkombo ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa mibengami [[Provinsi]]. Ba provinsi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa bazali: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tala mpe== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[sw:Jamhuri ya Kidemokraia cha Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5544 2005-07-23T22:19:51Z 199.8.238.219 /* [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Mokambi Ekolo Kongo Kinshasa|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Historia ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe: [[Kongó (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' ezalaki banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkombo oyo ebengamaki [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekolo wana, mpe ebale oyo epesaka ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimeli naye see moko na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. [[Congo belge]] elongaki lipanda na 1960, o nkombo ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkombo se moko na kolonia ya kala ya Falansia - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkombo ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezuamaki na 1966, kasi bikólo babale basilaki koyebana mingi-mingi, mpe kokesana na nkombo ya bingumba-mikonzi babàngo, pona komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpe Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima 1965), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Nkombo ya kala !!Nkombo ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa mibengami [[Provinsi]]. Ba provinsi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa bazali: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tala mpe== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[sw:Jamhuri ya Kidemokraia cha Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5545 2005-07-23T22:21:12Z 199.8.238.219 /* [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Mokambi Ekolo Kongo Kinshasa|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Historia ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe: [[Kongó (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' ezalaki banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkombo oyo ebengamaki [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekolo wana, mpe ebale oyo epesaka ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimeli naye see moko na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. [[Congo belge]] elongaki lipanda na 1960, o nkombo ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkombo se moko na kolonia ya kala ya Falansia - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkombo ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezuamaki na 1966, kasi bikólo babale basilaki koyebana mingi-mingi, mpe kokesana na nkombo ya bingumba-mikonzi babàngo, pona komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpe Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima 1965), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Nkombo ya kala !!Nkombo ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa mibengami [[Provinsi]]. Ba provinsi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa bazali: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tala mpe== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[sw:Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia cha Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5604 2005-07-24T21:21:34Z 199.8.238.219 /* Politiki */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Mokambi Ekolo Kongo Kinshasa|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Historia ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe: [[Kongó (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' ezalaki banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkombo oyo ebengamaki [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekolo wana, mpe ebale oyo epesaka ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimeli naye see moko na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. [[Congo belge]] elongaki lipanda na 1960, o nkombo ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkombo se moko na kolonia ya kala ya Falansia - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkombo ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezuamaki na 1966, kasi bikólo babale basilaki koyebana mingi-mingi, mpe kokesana na nkombo ya bingumba-mikonzi babàngo, pona komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpe Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima 1965), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Nkombo ya kala !!Nkombo ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa mibengami [[Provinsi]]. Ba provinsi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa bazali: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tala mpe== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[sw:Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia cha Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5605 2005-07-24T21:23:05Z 199.8.238.219 /* Kiltiri */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Mokambi Ekolo Kongo Kinshasa|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Historia ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe: [[Kongó (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' ezalaki banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkombo oyo ebengamaki [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekolo wana, mpe ebale oyo epesaka ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimeli naye see moko na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. [[Congo belge]] elongaki lipanda na 1960, o nkombo ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkombo se moko na kolonia ya kala ya Falansia - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkombo ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezuamaki na 1966, kasi bikólo babale basilaki koyebana mingi-mingi, mpe kokesana na nkombo ya bingumba-mikonzi babàngo, pona komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpe Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima 1965), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Nkombo ya kala !!Nkombo ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa mibengami [[Provinsi]]. Ba provinsi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa bazali: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tala mpe== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[sw:Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia cha Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5626 2005-07-24T22:51:21Z 199.8.238.219 /* Ba Provinsi bya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Mokambi Ekolo Kongo Kinshasa|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Historia ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe: [[Kongó (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' ezalaki banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkombo oyo ebengamaki [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekolo wana, mpe ebale oyo epesaka ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimeli naye see moko na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. [[Congo belge]] elongaki lipanda na 1960, o nkombo ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkombo se moko na kolonia ya kala ya Falansia - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkombo ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezuamaki na 1966, kasi bikólo babale basilaki koyebana mingi-mingi, mpe kokesana na nkombo ya bingumba-mikonzi babàngo, pona komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpe Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima 1965), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Nkombo ya kala !!Nkombo ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa mibengami [[Provinsi]]. Ba provinsi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa bazali: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (provinsi)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tala mpe== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[sw:Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia cha Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5698 2005-07-26T07:00:33Z 199.8.238.219 /* Ba Provinsi bya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Mokambi Ekolo Kongo Kinshasa|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Historia ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe: [[Kongó (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' ezalaki banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkombo oyo ebengamaki [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekolo wana, mpe ebale oyo epesaka ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimeli naye see moko na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. [[Congo belge]] elongaki lipanda na 1960, o nkombo ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkombo se moko na kolonia ya kala ya Falansia - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkombo ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezuamaki na 1966, kasi bikólo babale basilaki koyebana mingi-mingi, mpe kokesana na nkombo ya bingumba-mikonzi babàngo, pona komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpe Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima 1965), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Nkombo ya kala !!Nkombo ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Bituka]] (''Provinces'' na [[lifalansé]]). Bituka ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazali: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tala mpe== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[sw:Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia cha Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5699 2005-07-26T07:01:24Z 199.8.238.219 /* Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Mokambi Ekolo Kongo Kinshasa|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Historia ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe: [[Kongó (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' ezalaki banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkombo oyo ebengamaki [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekolo wana, mpe ebale oyo epesaka ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimeli naye see moko na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. [[Congo belge]] elongaki lipanda na 1960, o nkombo ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkombo se moko na kolonia ya kala ya Falansia - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkombo ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezuamaki na 1966, kasi bikólo babale basilaki koyebana mingi-mingi, mpe kokesana na nkombo ya bingumba-mikonzi babàngo, pona komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpe Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima 1965), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Nkombo ya kala !!Nkombo ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etuka|Bituka]] (''Provinces'' na [[lifalansé]]). Bituka ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazali: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tala mpe== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[sw:Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia cha Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5750 2005-07-27T06:10:44Z Moyogo 11 ciluba, kikɔ́ngɔ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Mokambi Ekolo Kongo Kinshasa|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Historia ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe: [[Kongó (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' ezalaki banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkombo oyo ebengamaki [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekolo wana, mpe ebale oyo epesaka ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimeli naye see moko na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. [[Congo belge]] elongaki lipanda na 1960, o nkombo ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkombo se moko na kolonia ya kala ya Falansia - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkombo ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezuamaki na 1966, kasi bikólo babale basilaki koyebana mingi-mingi, mpe kokesana na nkombo ya bingumba-mikonzi babàngo, pona komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpe Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima 1965), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Nkombo ya kala !!Nkombo ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etuka|Bituka]] (''Provinces'' na [[lifalansé]]). Bituka ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazali: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tala mpe== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[sw:Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia cha Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5751 2005-07-27T09:54:25Z 69.156.160.153 historia -> likambo {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Mokambi Ekolo Kongo Kinshasa|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Historia ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe: [[Kongó (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' ezalaki banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkombo oyo ebengamaki [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekolo wana, mpe ebale oyo epesaka ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimeli naye see moko na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. [[Congo belge]] elongaki lipanda na 1960, o nkombo ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkombo se moko na kolonia ya kala ya Falansia - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkombo ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezuamaki na 1966, kasi bikólo babale basilaki koyebana mingi-mingi, mpe kokesana na nkombo ya bingumba-mikonzi babàngo, pona komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpe Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima 1965), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Nkombo ya kala !!Nkombo ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etuka|Bituka]] (''Provinces'' na [[lifalansé]]). Bituka ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazali: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tala mpe== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[sw:Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia cha Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5752 2005-07-27T09:56:07Z 69.156.160.153 /* Lokótá */ Tshiluba -> Ciluba {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Mokambi Ekolo Kongo Kinshasa|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Historia ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe: [[Kongó (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' ezalaki banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkombo oyo ebengamaki [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekolo wana, mpe ebale oyo epesaka ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimeli naye see moko na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. [[Congo belge]] elongaki lipanda na 1960, o nkombo ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkombo se moko na kolonia ya kala ya Falansia - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkombo ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezuamaki na 1966, kasi bikólo babale basilaki koyebana mingi-mingi, mpe kokesana na nkombo ya bingumba-mikonzi babàngo, pona komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpe Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima 1965), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Nkombo ya kala !!Nkombo ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etuka|Bituka]] (''Provinces'' na [[lifalansé]]). Bituka ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazali: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tala mpe== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[sw:Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia cha Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5877 2005-07-31T12:36:18Z Moyogo 11 ortho {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Mokambi Ekolo Kongo Kinshasa|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Historia ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe: [[Kongó (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' ezalaki banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkombo oyo ebengamaki [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekolo wana, mpe ebale oyo epesaka ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimeli naye see moko na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. [[Congo belge]] elongaki lipanda na 1960, o nkombo ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkombo se moko na kolonia ya kala ya Falansia - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkombo ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezuamaki na 1966, kasi bikólo babale basilaki koyebana mingi-mingi, mpe kokesana na nkombo ya bingumba-mikonzi babàngo, pona komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpe Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima 1965), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Nkombo ya kala !!Nkombo ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etuka|Bituka]] (''Provinces'' na [[lifalansé]]). Bituka ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazali: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[sw:Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia cha Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] 5888 2005-07-31T12:55:59Z Moyogo 11 {{Bisé ya Afrika}} {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Mokambi Ekolo Kongo Kinshasa|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Historia ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe: [[Kongó (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' ezalaki banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkombo oyo ebengamaki [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekolo wana, mpe ebale oyo epesaka ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimeli naye see moko na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. [[Congo belge]] elongaki lipanda na 1960, o nkombo ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkombo se moko na kolonia ya kala ya Falansia - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkombo ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezuamaki na 1966, kasi bikólo babale basilaki koyebana mingi-mingi, mpe kokesana na nkombo ya bingumba-mikonzi babàngo, pona komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpe Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima 1965), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Nkombo ya kala !!Nkombo ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etuka|Bituka]] (''Provinces'' na [[lifalansé]]). Bituka ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazali: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {Bisé ya Afrika}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[sw:Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia cha Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] 5901 2005-07-31T13:45:13Z Moyogo 11 /* Politiki */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Mokambi Ekolo Kongo Kinshasa|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Historia ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe: [[Kongó (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' ezalaki banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkombo oyo ebengamaki [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekolo wana, mpe ebale oyo epesaka ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimeli naye see moko na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. [[Congo belge]] elongaki lipanda na 1960, o nkombo ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkombo se moko na kolonia ya kala ya Falansia - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkombo ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezuamaki na 1966, kasi bikólo babale basilaki koyebana mingi-mingi, mpe kokesana na nkombo ya bingumba-mikonzi babàngo, pona komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpe Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima 1965), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Nkombo ya kala !!Nkombo ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etuka|Bituka]] (''Provinces'' na [[lifalansé]]). Bituka ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazali: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' '''Mama-mobéko''' : * {{fr}} [[wikisource:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mama-mobéko]] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {Bisé ya Afrika}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[sw:Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia cha Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] 5998 2005-08-19T22:05:10Z Robbot 14 robot Ajoute: af, an, ar, ast, ca, cs, fi, gl, he, hr, ia, id, io, is, ko, li, na, nn, sk, sq, uk, zh-min-nan Retire: sw Modifie: no {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Mokambi Ekolo Kongo Kinshasa|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Historia ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe: [[Kongó (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' ezalaki banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkombo oyo ebengamaki [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekolo wana, mpe ebale oyo epesaka ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimeli naye see moko na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. [[Congo belge]] elongaki lipanda na 1960, o nkombo ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkombo se moko na kolonia ya kala ya Falansia - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkombo ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezuamaki na 1966, kasi bikólo babale basilaki koyebana mingi-mingi, mpe kokesana na nkombo ya bingumba-mikonzi babàngo, pona komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpe Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima 1965), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Nkombo ya kala !!Nkombo ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etuka|Bituka]] (''Provinces'' na [[lifalansé]]). Bituka ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazali: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' '''Mama-mobéko''' : * {{fr}} [[wikisource:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mama-mobéko]] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[bn:কঙ্গো (জায়ার)]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Lýðveldið Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Демократическая Республика]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 6208 2005-09-10T05:43:00Z Themalau 22 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Molɔngɔ ya Bakambi ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokambi ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Historia ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe: [[Kongó (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' ezalaki banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkombo oyo ebengamaki [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekolo wana, mpe ebale oyo epesaka ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimeli naye see moko na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. [[Congo belge]] elongaki lipanda na 1960, o nkombo ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkombo se moko na kolonia ya kala ya Falansia - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkombo ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezuamaki na 1966, kasi bikólo babale basilaki koyebana mingi-mingi, mpe kokesana na nkombo ya bingumba-mikonzi babàngo, pona komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpe Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima 1965), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Nkombo ya kala !!Nkombo ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etuka|Bituka]] (''Provinces'' na [[lifalansé]]). Bituka ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazali: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' '''Mama-mobéko''' : * {{fr}} [[wikisource:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mama-mobéko]] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[bn:কঙ্গো (জায়ার)]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Lýðveldið Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Демократическая Республика]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 6215 2005-09-13T14:13:32Z 131.211.101.87 /* Likambo */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Molɔngɔ ya Bakambi ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokambi ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Historia ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe: [[Kongó (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalaki banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkombo oyo ebengamaki [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekolo wana, mpe ebale oyo epesaka ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimeli naye see moko na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. [[Congo belge]] elongaki lipanda na 1960, o nkombo ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkombo se moko na kolonia ya kala ya Falansia - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkombo ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezuamaki na 1966, kasi bikólo babale basilaki koyebana mingi-mingi, mpe kokesana na nkombo ya bingumba-mikonzi babàngo, pona komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpe Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima 1965), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {| !Nkombo ya kala !!Nkombo ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etuka|Bituka]] (''Provinces'' na [[lifalansé]]). Bituka ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazali: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' '''Mama-mobéko''' : * {{fr}} [[wikisource:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mama-mobéko]] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[bn:কঙ্গো (জায়ার)]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Lýðveldið Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Демократическая Республика]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 6216 2005-09-13T14:14:46Z 131.211.101.87 /* [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Mankásá o libándá]] */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Molɔngɔ ya Bakambi ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokambi ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Historia ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe: [[Kongó (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalaki banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkombo oyo ebengamaki [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekolo wana, mpe ebale oyo epesaka ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimeli naye see moko na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. [[Congo belge]] elongaki lipanda na 1960, o nkombo ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkombo se moko na kolonia ya kala ya Falansia - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkombo ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezuamaki na 1966, kasi bikólo babale basilaki koyebana mingi-mingi, mpe kokesana na nkombo ya bingumba-mikonzi babàngo, pona komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpe Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima 1965), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {| !Nkombo ya kala !!Nkombo ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etuka|Bituka]] (''Provinces'' na [[lifalansé]]). Bituka ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazali: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' '''Mama-mobéko''' : * {{fr}} [[wikisource:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mama-mobéko]] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[bn:কঙ্গো (জায়ার)]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Lýðveldið Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Демократическая Республика]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 6367 2005-09-28T08:55:28Z 80.201.226.33 /* Lokótá */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Molɔngɔ ya Bakambi ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokambi ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kongo elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyonso wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Historia ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe: [[Kongó (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalaki banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkombo oyo ebengamaki [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekolo wana, mpe ebale oyo epesaka ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimeli naye see moko na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. [[Congo belge]] elongaki lipanda na 1960, o nkombo ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkombo se moko na kolonia ya kala ya Falansia - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkombo ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezuamaki na 1966, kasi bikólo babale basilaki koyebana mingi-mingi, mpe kokesana na nkombo ya bingumba-mikonzi babàngo, pona komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpe Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima 1965), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {| !Nkombo ya kala !!Nkombo ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etuka|Bituka]] (''Provinces'' na [[lifalansé]]). Bituka ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazali: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' '''Mama-mobéko''' : * {{fr}} [[wikisource:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mama-mobéko]] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[bn:কঙ্গো (জায়ার)]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Lýðveldið Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Демократическая Республика]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 6376 2005-09-28T10:56:37Z Moyogo 11 /* Lokótá */ ortho {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Molɔngɔ ya Bakambi ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokambi ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama míbalé. Nyɔ́nsɔ wâná elakísí boyébí bwa bato ya bomɛngo etondi mabelé. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpé [[kiswahili]] ezalí bakótá banɛ́nɛ banei ya ekólo, kasi bakótá kama míbalé balobaka na ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ. Míngi śé na káti ya bakótá bya ekólo bokoyéba etando ya bikelá, mabelé, nyama mpé nzeté. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazalí na bakombo míngi ya nzeté ya mbíla na maye manso basálelaka. Sɔ̂lɔ, nzeté ya mbíla eyébaní káka mpó na mafúta na masanga tɛ̂. Eyébaní lokóla nkísi ekosílisa makɔnɔ, naye mpé bakosála bitúnga mpé bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Historia ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe: [[Kongó (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalaki banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkombo oyo ebengamaki [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekolo wana, mpe ebale oyo epesaka ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimeli naye see moko na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. [[Congo belge]] elongaki lipanda na 1960, o nkombo ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkombo se moko na kolonia ya kala ya Falansia - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkombo ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezuamaki na 1966, kasi bikólo babale basilaki koyebana mingi-mingi, mpe kokesana na nkombo ya bingumba-mikonzi babàngo, pona komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpe Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima 1965), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {| !Nkombo ya kala !!Nkombo ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etuka|Bituka]] (''Provinces'' na [[lifalansé]]). Bituka ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazali: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' '''Mama-mobéko''' : * {{fr}} [[wikisource:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mama-mobéko]] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[bn:কঙ্গো (জায়ার)]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Lýðveldið Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Демократическая Республика]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 6381 2005-09-28T11:26:04Z Moyogo 11 /* Likambo */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Molɔngɔ ya Bakambi ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokambi ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama míbalé. Nyɔ́nsɔ wâná elakísí boyébí bwa bato ya bomɛngo etondi mabelé. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpé [[kiswahili]] ezalí bakótá banɛ́nɛ banei ya ekólo, kasi bakótá kama míbalé balobaka na ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ. Míngi śé na káti ya bakótá bya ekólo bokoyéba etando ya bikelá, mabelé, nyama mpé nzeté. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazalí na bakombo míngi ya nzeté ya mbíla na maye manso basálelaka. Sɔ̂lɔ, nzeté ya mbíla eyébaní káka mpó na mafúta na masanga tɛ̂. Eyébaní lokóla nkísi ekosílisa makɔnɔ, naye mpé bakosála bitúnga mpé bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Mpo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpé: [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalákí banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkómbó óyo ebêngámákí [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekólo wâná, mpé ebale óyo epésáká ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimélí na yě see mɔ̌kɔ́ na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Congo belge]]'' elongákí lipanda na [[1960]], o nkómbó ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkómbó nsé mɔ̌koɔ́ na kolonia ya kala ya [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkómbó ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwamákí na [[1966]], kasi bikólo babale basilákí koyébana míngi-míngi, mpé kokesana na nkómbó ya bingumba-mikonzi ba bángo, mpó na komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpé Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima [[1965]]), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {| !Nkómbó ya kala !!Nkómbó ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etuka|Bituka]] (''Provinces'' na [[lifalansé]]). Bituka ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazali: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' '''Mama-mobéko''' : * {{fr}} [[wikisource:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mama-mobéko]] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[bn:কঙ্গো (জায়ার)]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Lýðveldið Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Демократическая Республика]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 6393 2005-09-29T20:22:37Z Moyogo 11 bɛndɛlɛ png -> svg {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Molɔngɔ ya Bakambi ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokambi ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama míbalé. Nyɔ́nsɔ wâná elakísí boyébí bwa bato ya bomɛngo etondi mabelé. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpé [[kiswahili]] ezalí bakótá banɛ́nɛ banei ya ekólo, kasi bakótá kama míbalé balobaka na ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ. Míngi śé na káti ya bakótá bya ekólo bokoyéba etando ya bikelá, mabelé, nyama mpé nzeté. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazalí na bakombo míngi ya nzeté ya mbíla na maye manso basálelaka. Sɔ̂lɔ, nzeté ya mbíla eyébaní káka mpó na mafúta na masanga tɛ̂. Eyébaní lokóla nkísi ekosílisa makɔnɔ, naye mpé bakosála bitúnga mpé bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Mpo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpé: [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalákí banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkómbó óyo ebêngámákí [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekólo wâná, mpé ebale óyo epésáká ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimélí na yě see mɔ̌kɔ́ na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Congo belge]]'' elongákí lipanda na [[1960]], o nkómbó ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkómbó nsé mɔ̌koɔ́ na kolonia ya kala ya [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkómbó ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwamákí na [[1966]], kasi bikólo babale basilákí koyébana míngi-míngi, mpé kokesana na nkómbó ya bingumba-mikonzi ba bángo, mpó na komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpé Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima [[1965]]), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {| !Nkómbó ya kala !!Nkómbó ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etuka|Bituka]] (''Provinces'' na [[lifalansé]]). Bituka ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazali: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' '''Mama-mobéko''' : * {{fr}} [[wikisource:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mama-mobéko]] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[bn:কঙ্গো (জায়ার)]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Lýðveldið Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Демократическая Республика]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 6394 2005-09-29T20:23:53Z Moyogo 11 .svg {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa.svg|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Molɔngɔ ya Bakambi ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokambi ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama míbalé. Nyɔ́nsɔ wâná elakísí boyébí bwa bato ya bomɛngo etondi mabelé. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpé [[kiswahili]] ezalí bakótá banɛ́nɛ banei ya ekólo, kasi bakótá kama míbalé balobaka na ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ. Míngi śé na káti ya bakótá bya ekólo bokoyéba etando ya bikelá, mabelé, nyama mpé nzeté. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazalí na bakombo míngi ya nzeté ya mbíla na maye manso basálelaka. Sɔ̂lɔ, nzeté ya mbíla eyébaní káka mpó na mafúta na masanga tɛ̂. Eyébaní lokóla nkísi ekosílisa makɔnɔ, naye mpé bakosála bitúnga mpé bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Mpo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpé: [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalákí banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkómbó óyo ebêngámákí [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekólo wâná, mpé ebale óyo epésáká ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimélí na yě see mɔ̌kɔ́ na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Congo belge]]'' elongákí lipanda na [[1960]], o nkómbó ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkómbó nsé mɔ̌koɔ́ na kolonia ya kala ya [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkómbó ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwamákí na [[1966]], kasi bikólo babale basilákí koyébana míngi-míngi, mpé kokesana na nkómbó ya bingumba-mikonzi ba bángo, mpó na komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpé Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima [[1965]]), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {| !Nkómbó ya kala !!Nkómbó ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etuka|Bituka]] (''Provinces'' na [[lifalansé]]). Bituka ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazali: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' '''Mama-mobéko''' : * {{fr}} [[wikisource:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mama-mobéko]] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[bn:কঙ্গো (জায়ার)]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Lýðveldið Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Демократическая Республика]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 6401 2005-10-01T11:03:05Z Moyogo 11 Nkótá nationales -> [[Nkótá ya Ekólo]] {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa.svg|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | [[Nkótá ya Ekólo]] | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Molɔngɔ ya Bakambi ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokambi ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama míbalé. Nyɔ́nsɔ wâná elakísí boyébí bwa bato ya bomɛngo etondi mabelé. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpé [[kiswahili]] ezalí bakótá banɛ́nɛ banei ya ekólo, kasi bakótá kama míbalé balobaka na ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ. Míngi śé na káti ya bakótá bya ekólo bokoyéba etando ya bikelá, mabelé, nyama mpé nzeté. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazalí na bakombo míngi ya nzeté ya mbíla na maye manso basálelaka. Sɔ̂lɔ, nzeté ya mbíla eyébaní káka mpó na mafúta na masanga tɛ̂. Eyébaní lokóla nkísi ekosílisa makɔnɔ, naye mpé bakosála bitúnga mpé bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Mpo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpé: [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalákí banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkómbó óyo ebêngámákí [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekólo wâná, mpé ebale óyo epésáká ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimélí na yě see mɔ̌kɔ́ na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Congo belge]]'' elongákí lipanda na [[1960]], o nkómbó ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkómbó nsé mɔ̌koɔ́ na kolonia ya kala ya [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkómbó ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwamákí na [[1966]], kasi bikólo babale basilákí koyébana míngi-míngi, mpé kokesana na nkómbó ya bingumba-mikonzi ba bángo, mpó na komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpé Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima [[1965]]), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {| !Nkómbó ya kala !!Nkómbó ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etuka|Bituka]] (''Provinces'' na [[lifalansé]]). Bituka ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazali: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' '''Mama-mobéko''' : * {{fr}} [[wikisource:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mama-mobéko]] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[bn:কঙ্গো (জায়ার)]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Lýðveldið Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Демократическая Республика]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 6569 2005-10-26T23:22:41Z Moyogo 11 nkómbó ya lingála, ciluba, kiswahili mpé kikongo {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Ekólo Nsɔ́mí Kɔ́ngɔ]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br/>République Democratique du Congo<br /> Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratika <br /> Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo <br /> Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa.svg|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | [[Nkótá ya Ekólo]] | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Molɔngɔ ya Bakambi ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokambi ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama míbalé. Nyɔ́nsɔ wâná elakísí boyébí bwa bato ya bomɛngo etondi mabelé. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpé [[kiswahili]] ezalí bakótá banɛ́nɛ banei ya ekólo, kasi bakótá kama míbalé balobaka na ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ. Míngi śé na káti ya bakótá bya ekólo bokoyéba etando ya bikelá, mabelé, nyama mpé nzeté. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazalí na bakombo míngi ya nzeté ya mbíla na maye manso basálelaka. Sɔ̂lɔ, nzeté ya mbíla eyébaní káka mpó na mafúta na masanga tɛ̂. Eyébaní lokóla nkísi ekosílisa makɔnɔ, naye mpé bakosála bitúnga mpé bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Mpo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpé: [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalákí banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkómbó óyo ebêngámákí [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekólo wâná, mpé ebale óyo epésáká ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimélí na yě see mɔ̌kɔ́ na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Congo belge]]'' elongákí lipanda na [[1960]], o nkómbó ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkómbó nsé mɔ̌koɔ́ na kolonia ya kala ya [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkómbó ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwamákí na [[1966]], kasi bikólo babale basilákí koyébana míngi-míngi, mpé kokesana na nkómbó ya bingumba-mikonzi ba bángo, mpó na komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpé Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima [[1965]]), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {| !Nkómbó ya kala !!Nkómbó ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etuka|Bituka]] (''Provinces'' na [[lifalansé]]). Bituka ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazali: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' '''Mama-mobéko''' : * {{fr}} [[wikisource:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mama-mobéko]] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[bn:কঙ্গো (জায়ার)]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Lýðveldið Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Демократическая Республика]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 6637 2005-11-03T21:39:41Z Themalau 22 /* Politiki */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Ekólo Nsɔ́mí Kɔ́ngɔ]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br/>République Democratique du Congo<br /> Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratika <br /> Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo <br /> Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa.svg|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | [[Nkótá ya Ekólo]] | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Molɔngɔ ya Bakambi ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokambi ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama míbalé. Nyɔ́nsɔ wâná elakísí boyébí bwa bato ya bomɛngo etondi mabelé. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpé [[kiswahili]] ezalí bakótá banɛ́nɛ banei ya ekólo, kasi bakótá kama míbalé balobaka na ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ. Míngi śé na káti ya bakótá bya ekólo bokoyéba etando ya bikelá, mabelé, nyama mpé nzeté. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazalí na bakombo míngi ya nzeté ya mbíla na maye manso basálelaka. Sɔ̂lɔ, nzeté ya mbíla eyébaní káka mpó na mafúta na masanga tɛ̂. Eyébaní lokóla nkísi ekosílisa makɔnɔ, naye mpé bakosála bitúnga mpé bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Mpo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpé: [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalákí banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkómbó óyo ebêngámákí [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekólo wâná, mpé ebale óyo epésáká ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimélí na yě see mɔ̌kɔ́ na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Congo belge]]'' elongákí lipanda na [[1960]], o nkómbó ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkómbó nsé mɔ̌koɔ́ na kolonia ya kala ya [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkómbó ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwamákí na [[1966]], kasi bikólo babale basilákí koyébana míngi-míngi, mpé kokesana na nkómbó ya bingumba-mikonzi ba bángo, mpó na komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpé Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima [[1965]]), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {| !Nkómbó ya kala !!Nkómbó ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etuka|Bituka]] (''Provinces'' na [[lifalansé]]). Bituka ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazali: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' '''Mama-mobéko''' : * {{fr}} [[wikisource:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mobéko Likonzi]] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[bn:কঙ্গো (জায়ার)]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Lýðveldið Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Демократическая Республика]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 6638 2005-11-03T21:40:27Z Themalau 22 /* Politiki */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Ekólo Nsɔ́mí Kɔ́ngɔ]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br/>République Democratique du Congo<br /> Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratika <br /> Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo <br /> Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa.svg|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | [[Nkótá ya Ekólo]] | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Molɔngɔ ya Bakambi ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokambi ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama míbalé. Nyɔ́nsɔ wâná elakísí boyébí bwa bato ya bomɛngo etondi mabelé. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpé [[kiswahili]] ezalí bakótá banɛ́nɛ banei ya ekólo, kasi bakótá kama míbalé balobaka na ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ. Míngi śé na káti ya bakótá bya ekólo bokoyéba etando ya bikelá, mabelé, nyama mpé nzeté. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazalí na bakombo míngi ya nzeté ya mbíla na maye manso basálelaka. Sɔ̂lɔ, nzeté ya mbíla eyébaní káka mpó na mafúta na masanga tɛ̂. Eyébaní lokóla nkísi ekosílisa makɔnɔ, naye mpé bakosála bitúnga mpé bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Mpo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpé: [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalákí banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkómbó óyo ebêngámákí [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekólo wâná, mpé ebale óyo epésáká ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimélí na yě see mɔ̌kɔ́ na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Congo belge]]'' elongákí lipanda na [[1960]], o nkómbó ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkómbó nsé mɔ̌koɔ́ na kolonia ya kala ya [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkómbó ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwamákí na [[1966]], kasi bikólo babale basilákí koyébana míngi-míngi, mpé kokesana na nkómbó ya bingumba-mikonzi ba bángo, mpó na komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpé Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima [[1965]]), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {| !Nkómbó ya kala !!Nkómbó ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etuka|Bituka]] (''Provinces'' na [[lifalansé]]). Bituka ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazali: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' '''Mobéko Likonzi''' : * {{fr}} [[wikisource:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mobéko Likonzi]] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[bn:কঙ্গো (জায়ার)]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Lýðveldið Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Демократическая Республика]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 6682 2005-11-05T10:02:33Z Moyogo 11 Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki<br/>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br/>République Democratique du Congo<br /> Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratika <br /> Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo <br /> Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa.svg|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | [[Nkótá ya Ekólo]] | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Molɔngɔ ya Bakambi ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokambi ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama míbalé. Nyɔ́nsɔ wâná elakísí boyébí bwa bato ya bomɛngo etondi mabelé. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpé [[kiswahili]] ezalí bakótá banɛ́nɛ banei ya ekólo, kasi bakótá kama míbalé balobaka na ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ. Míngi śé na káti ya bakótá bya ekólo bokoyéba etando ya bikelá, mabelé, nyama mpé nzeté. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazalí na bakombo míngi ya nzeté ya mbíla na maye manso basálelaka. Sɔ̂lɔ, nzeté ya mbíla eyébaní káka mpó na mafúta na masanga tɛ̂. Eyébaní lokóla nkísi ekosílisa makɔnɔ, naye mpé bakosála bitúnga mpé bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Mpo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpé: [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalákí banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkómbó óyo ebêngámákí [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekólo wâná, mpé ebale óyo epésáká ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimélí na yě see mɔ̌kɔ́ na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Congo belge]]'' elongákí lipanda na [[1960]], o nkómbó ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkómbó nsé mɔ̌koɔ́ na kolonia ya kala ya [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkómbó ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwamákí na [[1966]], kasi bikólo babale basilákí koyébana míngi-míngi, mpé kokesana na nkómbó ya bingumba-mikonzi ba bángo, mpó na komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpé Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima [[1965]]), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {| !Nkómbó ya kala !!Nkómbó ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etuka|Bituka]] (''Provinces'' na [[lifalansé]]). Bituka ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazali: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' '''Mobéko Likonzi''' : * {{fr}} [[wikisource:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mobéko Likonzi]] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[bn:কঙ্গো (জায়ার)]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Lýðveldið Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Демократическая Республика]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 6683 2005-11-05T10:03:30Z Moyogo 11 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki<br/>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)</font><br/>République Democratique du Congo<br /> Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratika <br /> Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo <br /> Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata''' |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa.svg|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | [[Nkótá ya Ekólo]] | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Molɔngɔ ya Bakambi ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokambi ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama míbalé. Nyɔ́nsɔ wâná elakísí boyébí bwa bato ya bomɛngo etondi mabelé. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpé [[kiswahili]] ezalí bakótá banɛ́nɛ banei ya ekólo, kasi bakótá kama míbalé balobaka na ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ. Míngi śé na káti ya bakótá bya ekólo bokoyéba etando ya bikelá, mabelé, nyama mpé nzeté. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazalí na bakombo míngi ya nzeté ya mbíla na maye manso basálelaka. Sɔ̂lɔ, nzeté ya mbíla eyébaní káka mpó na mafúta na masanga tɛ̂. Eyébaní lokóla nkísi ekosílisa makɔnɔ, naye mpé bakosála bitúnga mpé bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Mpo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpé: [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalákí banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkómbó óyo ebêngámákí [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekólo wâná, mpé ebale óyo epésáká ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimélí na yě see mɔ̌kɔ́ na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Congo belge]]'' elongákí lipanda na [[1960]], o nkómbó ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkómbó nsé mɔ̌koɔ́ na kolonia ya kala ya [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkómbó ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwamákí na [[1966]], kasi bikólo babale basilákí koyébana míngi-míngi, mpé kokesana na nkómbó ya bingumba-mikonzi ba bángo, mpó na komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpé Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima [[1965]]), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {| !Nkómbó ya kala !!Nkómbó ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etuka|Bituka]] (''Provinces'' na [[lifalansé]]). Bituka ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazali: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' '''Mobéko Likonzi''' : * {{fr}} [[wikisource:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mobéko Likonzi]] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[bn:কঙ্গো (জায়ার)]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Lýðveldið Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Демократическая Республика]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 6891 2005-11-15T09:57:07Z Bombo 12 /* Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa */ Kinshasa {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki<br/>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)</font><br/>République Democratique du Congo<br /> Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratika <br /> Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo <br /> Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata''' |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa.svg|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | [[Nkótá ya Ekólo]] | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Molɔngɔ ya Bakambi ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokambi ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama míbalé. Nyɔ́nsɔ wâná elakísí boyébí bwa bato ya bomɛngo etondi mabelé. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpé [[kiswahili]] ezalí bakótá banɛ́nɛ banei ya ekólo, kasi bakótá kama míbalé balobaka na ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ. Míngi śé na káti ya bakótá bya ekólo bokoyéba etando ya bikelá, mabelé, nyama mpé nzeté. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazalí na bakombo míngi ya nzeté ya mbíla na maye manso basálelaka. Sɔ̂lɔ, nzeté ya mbíla eyébaní káka mpó na mafúta na masanga tɛ̂. Eyébaní lokóla nkísi ekosílisa makɔnɔ, naye mpé bakosála bitúnga mpé bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Mpo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpé: [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalákí banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkómbó óyo ebêngámákí [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekólo wâná, mpé ebale óyo epésáká ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimélí na yě see mɔ̌kɔ́ na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Congo belge]]'' elongákí lipanda na [[1960]], o nkómbó ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkómbó nsé mɔ̌koɔ́ na kolonia ya kala ya [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkómbó ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwamákí na [[1966]], kasi bikólo babale basilákí koyébana míngi-míngi, mpé kokesana na nkómbó ya bingumba-mikonzi ba bángo, mpó na komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpé Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima [[1965]]), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {| !Nkómbó ya kala !!Nkómbó ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etuka|Bituka]] (''Provinces'' na [[lifalansé]]). [[Kinshasa]] ezali mboka mokonzi ya ekolo mpe efandeli ya bituluku bia ekolo. Ezali na makoki ma engumba. Bituka ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazali: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' '''Mobéko Likonzi''' : * {{fr}} [[wikisource:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mobéko Likonzi]] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[bn:কঙ্গো (জায়ার)]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Lýðveldið Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Демократическая Республика]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 6892 2005-11-15T10:08:09Z Bombo 12 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki<br/>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)</font><br/>République Democratique du Congo<br /> Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratika <br /> Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo <br /> Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata''' |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa.svg|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | [[Nkótá ya Ekólo]] | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Molɔngɔ ya Bakambi ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokambi ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwami na ndelo ya ye ya mwa [[30 yuni]] [[1960]], ekolo ya makoki, lipanda, bonsomi, ekangani mpe ekabwani te, ya bato, ya bokonzi bouti na bato mpe eponi eyamba yoko te. == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama míbalé. Nyɔ́nsɔ wâná elakísí boyébí bwa bato ya bomɛngo etondi mabelé. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpé [[kiswahili]] ezalí bakótá banɛ́nɛ banei ya ekólo, kasi bakótá kama míbalé balobaka na ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ. Míngi śé na káti ya bakótá bya ekólo bokoyéba etando ya bikelá, mabelé, nyama mpé nzeté. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazalí na bakombo míngi ya nzeté ya mbíla na maye manso basálelaka. Sɔ̂lɔ, nzeté ya mbíla eyébaní káka mpó na mafúta na masanga tɛ̂. Eyébaní lokóla nkísi ekosílisa makɔnɔ, naye mpé bakosála bitúnga mpé bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Mpo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpé: [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalákí banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkómbó óyo ebêngámákí [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekólo wâná, mpé ebale óyo epésáká ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimélí na yě see mɔ̌kɔ́ na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Congo belge]]'' elongákí lipanda na [[1960]], o nkómbó ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkómbó nsé mɔ̌koɔ́ na kolonia ya kala ya [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkómbó ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwamákí na [[1966]], kasi bikólo babale basilákí koyébana míngi-míngi, mpé kokesana na nkómbó ya bingumba-mikonzi ba bángo, mpó na komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpé Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima [[1965]]), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {| !Nkómbó ya kala !!Nkómbó ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etuka|Bituka]] (''Provinces'' na [[lifalansé]]). [[Kinshasa]] ezali mboka mokonzi ya ekolo mpe efandeli ya bituluku bia ekolo. Ezali na makoki ma engumba. Bingumba mpe bituka biyangelami, bizwi makoki ma koyangela yango moko na mobeko mpe bikambemi na bato baye bazwami na bituka bike bia mboka. Bituka biina bia bonsomi bizali mboka mondele, komine, seketele mpe sefeli. Bituka ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazali: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' '''Mobéko Likonzi''' : * {{fr}} [[wikisource:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mobéko Likonzi]] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[bn:কঙ্গো (জায়ার)]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Lýðveldið Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Демократическая Республика]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 6904 2005-11-17T11:52:07Z 160.85.2.50 /* Bato */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki<br/>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)</font><br/>République Democratique du Congo<br /> Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratika <br /> Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo <br /> Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata''' |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa.svg|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | [[Nkótá ya Ekólo]] | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Molɔngɔ ya Bakambi ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokambi ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwami na ndelo ya ye ya mwa [[30 yuni]] [[1960]], ekolo ya makoki, lipanda, bonsomi, ekangani mpe ekabwani te, ya bato, ya bokonzi bouti na bato mpe eponi eyamba yoko te. == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama míbalé. Nyɔ́nsɔ wâná elakísí boyébí bwa bato ya bomɛngo etondi mabelé. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpé [[kiswahili]] ezalí bakótá banɛ́nɛ banei ya ekólo, kasi bakótá kama míbalé balobaka na ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ. Míngi śé na káti ya bakótá bya ekólo bokoyéba etando ya bikelá, mabelé, nyama mpé nzeté. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazalí na bakombo míngi ya nzeté ya mbíla na maye manso basálelaka. Sɔ̂lɔ, nzeté ya mbíla eyébaní káka mpó na mafúta na masanga tɛ̂. Eyébaní lokóla nkísi ekosílisa makɔnɔ, naye mpé bakosála bitúnga mpé bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Mpo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpé: [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalákí banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkómbó óyo ebêngámákí [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekólo wâná, mpé ebale óyo epésáká ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimélí na yě see mɔ̌kɔ́ na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Congo belge]]'' elongákí lipanda na [[1960]], o nkómbó ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkómbó nsé mɔ̌koɔ́ na kolonia ya kala ya [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkómbó ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwamákí na [[1966]], kasi bikólo babale basilákí koyébana míngi-míngi, mpé kokesana na nkómbó ya bingumba-mikonzi ba bángo, mpó na komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpé Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima [[1965]]), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {| !Nkómbó ya kala !!Nkómbó ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|350px|leftÉvolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] 1990 37 405 000 (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) 1991 1992 1993 1994 - 1995 45 453 000 (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) 1996 46 812 000 (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) 1997 48 040 000 (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) 1998 1999 - 2000 51 390 000 (globaldefence.net) 2001 53 624 718 (yuli; CIA World Factbook) 2002 55 225 478 (yuli; CIA World Factbook) 2003 56 625 039 (yuli; CIA World Factbook) 2004 58 318 000 (CIA World Factbook) - 2005 60 085 804 (yuli; CIA World Factbook) <br clear=all /> == Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etuka|Bituka]] (''Provinces'' na [[lifalansé]]). [[Kinshasa]] ezali mboka mokonzi ya ekolo mpe efandeli ya bituluku bia ekolo. Ezali na makoki ma engumba. Bingumba mpe bituka biyangelami, bizwi makoki ma koyangela yango moko na mobeko mpe bikambemi na bato baye bazwami na bituka bike bia mboka. Bituka biina bia bonsomi bizali mboka mondele, komine, seketele mpe sefeli. Bituka ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazali: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' '''Mobéko Likonzi''' : * {{fr}} [[wikisource:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mobéko Likonzi]] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[bn:কঙ্গো (জায়ার)]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Lýðveldið Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Демократическая Республика]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 6973 2005-11-21T22:03:45Z Moyogo 11 /* Bato */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki<br/>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)</font><br/>République Democratique du Congo<br /> Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratika <br /> Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo <br /> Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata''' |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa.svg|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | [[Nkótá ya Ekólo]] | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Molɔngɔ ya Bakambi ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokambi ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwami na ndelo ya ye ya mwa [[30 yuni]] [[1960]], ekolo ya makoki, lipanda, bonsomi, ekangani mpe ekabwani te, ya bato, ya bokonzi bouti na bato mpe eponi eyamba yoko te. == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama míbalé. Nyɔ́nsɔ wâná elakísí boyébí bwa bato ya bomɛngo etondi mabelé. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpé [[kiswahili]] ezalí bakótá banɛ́nɛ banei ya ekólo, kasi bakótá kama míbalé balobaka na ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ. Míngi śé na káti ya bakótá bya ekólo bokoyéba etando ya bikelá, mabelé, nyama mpé nzeté. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazalí na bakombo míngi ya nzeté ya mbíla na maye manso basálelaka. Sɔ̂lɔ, nzeté ya mbíla eyébaní káka mpó na mafúta na masanga tɛ̂. Eyébaní lokóla nkísi ekosílisa makɔnɔ, naye mpé bakosála bitúnga mpé bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Mpo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpé: [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalákí banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkómbó óyo ebêngámákí [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekólo wâná, mpé ebale óyo epésáká ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimélí na yě see mɔ̌kɔ́ na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Congo belge]]'' elongákí lipanda na [[1960]], o nkómbó ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkómbó nsé mɔ̌koɔ́ na kolonia ya kala ya [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkómbó ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwamákí na [[1966]], kasi bikólo babale basilákí koyébana míngi-míngi, mpé kokesana na nkómbó ya bingumba-mikonzi ba bángo, mpó na komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpé Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima [[1965]]), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {| !Nkómbó ya kala !!Nkómbó ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|350px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] {|{{prettytable}} ! est. !! bato !! source |- | 1990 || 37 405 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- | 1991 |- | 1992 |- | 1993 |- | 1994 |- |1995 || 45 453 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1996 || 46 812 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1997 || 48 040 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1998 |- |1999 |- |2000 || 51 390 000 || (globaldefence.net) |- |2001 || 53 624 718 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2002 || 55 225 478 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2003 || 56 625 039 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2004 || 58 318 000 || (CIA World Factbook) |- |2005 || 60 085 804 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |} <br clear=all /> == Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etuka|Bituka]] (''Provinces'' na [[lifalansé]]). [[Kinshasa]] ezali mboka mokonzi ya ekolo mpe efandeli ya bituluku bia ekolo. Ezali na makoki ma engumba. Bingumba mpe bituka biyangelami, bizwi makoki ma koyangela yango moko na mobeko mpe bikambemi na bato baye bazwami na bituka bike bia mboka. Bituka biina bia bonsomi bizali mboka mondele, komine, seketele mpe sefeli. Bituka ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazali: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' '''Mobéko Likonzi''' : * {{fr}} [[wikisource:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mobéko Likonzi]] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[bn:কঙ্গো (জায়ার)]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Lýðveldið Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Демократическая Республика]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 6975 2005-11-22T08:46:46Z Moyogo 11 /* Bato */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki<br/>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)</font><br/>République Democratique du Congo<br /> Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratika <br /> Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo <br /> Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata''' |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa.svg|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | [[Nkótá ya Ekólo]] | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Molɔngɔ ya Bakambi ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokambi ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwami na ndelo ya ye ya mwa [[30 yuni]] [[1960]], ekolo ya makoki, lipanda, bonsomi, ekangani mpe ekabwani te, ya bato, ya bokonzi bouti na bato mpe eponi eyamba yoko te. == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama míbalé. Nyɔ́nsɔ wâná elakísí boyébí bwa bato ya bomɛngo etondi mabelé. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpé [[kiswahili]] ezalí bakótá banɛ́nɛ banei ya ekólo, kasi bakótá kama míbalé balobaka na ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ. Míngi śé na káti ya bakótá bya ekólo bokoyéba etando ya bikelá, mabelé, nyama mpé nzeté. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazalí na bakombo míngi ya nzeté ya mbíla na maye manso basálelaka. Sɔ̂lɔ, nzeté ya mbíla eyébaní káka mpó na mafúta na masanga tɛ̂. Eyébaní lokóla nkísi ekosílisa makɔnɔ, naye mpé bakosála bitúnga mpé bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Mpo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpé: [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalákí banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkómbó óyo ebêngámákí [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekólo wâná, mpé ebale óyo epésáká ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimélí na yě see mɔ̌kɔ́ na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Congo belge]]'' elongákí lipanda na [[1960]], o nkómbó ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkómbó nsé mɔ̌koɔ́ na kolonia ya kala ya [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkómbó ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwamákí na [[1966]], kasi bikólo babale basilákí koyébana míngi-míngi, mpé kokesana na nkómbó ya bingumba-mikonzi ba bángo, mpó na komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpé Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima [[1965]]), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {| !Nkómbó ya kala !!Nkómbó ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|350px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] {|{{prettytable}} ! est. !! bato !! source |- | 1990 || 37 405 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- | 1991 || || |- | 1992 || || |- | 1993 || || |- | 1994 || || |- |1995 || 45 453 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1996 || 46 812 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1997 || 48 040 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1998 || || |- |1999 || || |- |2000 || 51 390 000 || (globaldefence.net) |- |2001 || 53 624 718 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2002 || 55 225 478 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2003 || 56 625 039 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2004 || 58 318 000 || (CIA World Factbook) |- |2005 || 60 085 804 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |} <br clear=all /> == Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etuka|Bituka]] (''Provinces'' na [[lifalansé]]). [[Kinshasa]] ezali mboka mokonzi ya ekolo mpe efandeli ya bituluku bia ekolo. Ezali na makoki ma engumba. Bingumba mpe bituka biyangelami, bizwi makoki ma koyangela yango moko na mobeko mpe bikambemi na bato baye bazwami na bituka bike bia mboka. Bituka biina bia bonsomi bizali mboka mondele, komine, seketele mpe sefeli. Bituka ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazali: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' '''Mobéko Likonzi''' : * {{fr}} [[wikisource:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mobéko Likonzi]] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[bn:কঙ্গো (জায়ার)]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Lýðveldið Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Демократическая Республика]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 6976 2005-11-22T08:48:14Z Moyogo 11 /* Likambo */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki<br/>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)</font><br/>République Democratique du Congo<br /> Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratika <br /> Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo <br /> Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata''' |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa.svg|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | [[Nkótá ya Ekólo]] | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Molɔngɔ ya Bakambi ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokambi ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwami na ndelo ya ye ya mwa [[30 yuni]] [[1960]], ekolo ya makoki, lipanda, bonsomi, ekangani mpe ekabwani te, ya bato, ya bokonzi bouti na bato mpe eponi eyamba yoko te. == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama míbalé. Nyɔ́nsɔ wâná elakísí boyébí bwa bato ya bomɛngo etondi mabelé. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpé [[kiswahili]] ezalí bakótá banɛ́nɛ banei ya ekólo, kasi bakótá kama míbalé balobaka na ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ. Míngi śé na káti ya bakótá bya ekólo bokoyéba etando ya bikelá, mabelé, nyama mpé nzeté. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazalí na bakombo míngi ya nzeté ya mbíla na maye manso basálelaka. Sɔ̂lɔ, nzeté ya mbíla eyébaní káka mpó na mafúta na masanga tɛ̂. Eyébaní lokóla nkísi ekosílisa makɔnɔ, naye mpé bakosála bitúnga mpé bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Mpo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpé: [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalákí banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkómbó óyo ebêngámákí [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekólo wâná, mpé ebale óyo epésáká ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimélí na yě see mɔ̌kɔ́ na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Congo belge]]'' elongákí lipanda na [[1960]], o nkómbó ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkómbó nsé mɔ̌koɔ́ na kolonia ya kala ya [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkómbó ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwamákí na [[1966]], kasi bikólo babale basilákí koyébana míngi-míngi, mpé kokesana na nkómbó ya bingumba-mikonzi ba bángo, mpó na komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpé Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima [[1965]]), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {|{{prettytable}} !Nkómbó ya kala !!Nkómbó ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|350px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] {|{{prettytable}} ! est. !! bato !! source |- | 1990 || 37 405 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- | 1991 || || |- | 1992 || || |- | 1993 || || |- | 1994 || || |- |1995 || 45 453 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1996 || 46 812 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1997 || 48 040 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1998 || || |- |1999 || || |- |2000 || 51 390 000 || (globaldefence.net) |- |2001 || 53 624 718 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2002 || 55 225 478 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2003 || 56 625 039 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2004 || 58 318 000 || (CIA World Factbook) |- |2005 || 60 085 804 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |} <br clear=all /> == Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etuka|Bituka]] (''Provinces'' na [[lifalansé]]). [[Kinshasa]] ezali mboka mokonzi ya ekolo mpe efandeli ya bituluku bia ekolo. Ezali na makoki ma engumba. Bingumba mpe bituka biyangelami, bizwi makoki ma koyangela yango moko na mobeko mpe bikambemi na bato baye bazwami na bituka bike bia mboka. Bituka biina bia bonsomi bizali mboka mondele, komine, seketele mpe sefeli. Bituka ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazali: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' '''Mobéko Likonzi''' : * {{fr}} [[wikisource:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mobéko Likonzi]] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[bn:কঙ্গো (জায়ার)]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Lýðveldið Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Демократическая Республика]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 7021 2005-11-24T11:49:57Z 160.85.2.50 Category {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki<br/>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)</font><br/>République Democratique du Congo<br /> Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratika <br /> Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo <br /> Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata''' |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa.svg|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | [[Nkótá ya Ekólo]] | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Molɔngɔ ya Bakambi ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokambi ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwami na ndelo ya ye ya mwa [[30 yuni]] [[1960]], ekolo ya makoki, lipanda, bonsomi, ekangani mpe ekabwani te, ya bato, ya bokonzi bouti na bato mpe eponi eyamba yoko te. == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama míbalé. Nyɔ́nsɔ wâná elakísí boyébí bwa bato ya bomɛngo etondi mabelé. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpé [[kiswahili]] ezalí bakótá banɛ́nɛ banei ya ekólo, kasi bakótá kama míbalé balobaka na ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ. Míngi śé na káti ya bakótá bya ekólo bokoyéba etando ya bikelá, mabelé, nyama mpé nzeté. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazalí na bakombo míngi ya nzeté ya mbíla na maye manso basálelaka. Sɔ̂lɔ, nzeté ya mbíla eyébaní káka mpó na mafúta na masanga tɛ̂. Eyébaní lokóla nkísi ekosílisa makɔnɔ, naye mpé bakosála bitúnga mpé bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Mpo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpé: [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalákí banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkómbó óyo ebêngámákí [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekólo wâná, mpé ebale óyo epésáká ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimélí na yě see mɔ̌kɔ́ na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Congo belge]]'' elongákí lipanda na [[1960]], o nkómbó ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkómbó nsé mɔ̌koɔ́ na kolonia ya kala ya [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkómbó ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwamákí na [[1966]], kasi bikólo babale basilákí koyébana míngi-míngi, mpé kokesana na nkómbó ya bingumba-mikonzi ba bángo, mpó na komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpé Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima [[1965]]), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {|{{prettytable}} !Nkómbó ya kala !!Nkómbó ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|350px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] {|{{prettytable}} ! est. !! bato !! source |- | 1990 || 37 405 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- | 1991 || || |- | 1992 || || |- | 1993 || || |- | 1994 || || |- |1995 || 45 453 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1996 || 46 812 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1997 || 48 040 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1998 || || |- |1999 || || |- |2000 || 51 390 000 || (globaldefence.net) |- |2001 || 53 624 718 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2002 || 55 225 478 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2003 || 56 625 039 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2004 || 58 318 000 || (CIA World Factbook) |- |2005 || 60 085 804 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |} <br clear=all /> == Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etuka|Bituka]] (''Provinces'' na [[lifalansé]]). [[Kinshasa]] ezali mboka mokonzi ya ekolo mpe efandeli ya bituluku bia ekolo. Ezali na makoki ma engumba. Bingumba mpe bituka biyangelami, bizwi makoki ma koyangela yango moko na mobeko mpe bikambemi na bato baye bazwami na bituka bike bia mboka. Bituka biina bia bonsomi bizali mboka mondele, komine, seketele mpe sefeli. Bituka ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazali: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' '''Mobéko Likonzi''' : * {{fr}} [[wikisource:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mobéko Likonzi]] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[bn:কঙ্গো (জায়ার)]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Lýðveldið Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Демократическая Республика]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 7169 2005-12-03T23:16:08Z Moyogo 11 /* Politiki */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki<br/>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)</font><br/>République Democratique du Congo<br /> Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratika <br /> Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo <br /> Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata''' |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa.svg|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | [[Nkótá ya Ekólo]] | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Molɔngɔ ya Bakambi ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokambi ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwami na ndelo ya ye ya mwa [[30 yuni]] [[1960]], ekolo ya makoki, lipanda, bonsomi, ekangani mpe ekabwani te, ya bato, ya bokonzi bouti na bato mpe eponi eyamba yoko te. == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama míbalé. Nyɔ́nsɔ wâná elakísí boyébí bwa bato ya bomɛngo etondi mabelé. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpé [[kiswahili]] ezalí bakótá banɛ́nɛ banei ya ekólo, kasi bakótá kama míbalé balobaka na ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ. Míngi śé na káti ya bakótá bya ekólo bokoyéba etando ya bikelá, mabelé, nyama mpé nzeté. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazalí na bakombo míngi ya nzeté ya mbíla na maye manso basálelaka. Sɔ̂lɔ, nzeté ya mbíla eyébaní káka mpó na mafúta na masanga tɛ̂. Eyébaní lokóla nkísi ekosílisa makɔnɔ, naye mpé bakosála bitúnga mpé bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Mpo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpé: [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalákí banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkómbó óyo ebêngámákí [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekólo wâná, mpé ebale óyo epésáká ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimélí na yě see mɔ̌kɔ́ na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Congo belge]]'' elongákí lipanda na [[1960]], o nkómbó ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkómbó nsé mɔ̌koɔ́ na kolonia ya kala ya [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkómbó ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwamákí na [[1966]], kasi bikólo babale basilákí koyébana míngi-míngi, mpé kokesana na nkómbó ya bingumba-mikonzi ba bángo, mpó na komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpé Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima [[1965]]), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {|{{prettytable}} !Nkómbó ya kala !!Nkómbó ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|350px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] {|{{prettytable}} ! est. !! bato !! source |- | 1990 || 37 405 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- | 1991 || || |- | 1992 || || |- | 1993 || || |- | 1994 || || |- |1995 || 45 453 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1996 || 46 812 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1997 || 48 040 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1998 || || |- |1999 || || |- |2000 || 51 390 000 || (globaldefence.net) |- |2001 || 53 624 718 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2002 || 55 225 478 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2003 || 56 625 039 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2004 || 58 318 000 || (CIA World Factbook) |- |2005 || 60 085 804 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |} <br clear=all /> == Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etuka|Bituka]] (''Provinces'' na [[lifalansé]]). [[Kinshasa]] ezali mboka mokonzi ya ekolo mpe efandeli ya bituluku bia ekolo. Ezali na makoki ma engumba. Bingumba mpe bituka biyangelami, bizwi makoki ma koyangela yango moko na mobeko mpe bikambemi na bato baye bazwami na bituka bike bia mboka. Bituka biina bia bonsomi bizali mboka mondele, komine, seketele mpe sefeli. Bituka ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazali: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' '''Mobéko Likonzi''' : * {{fr}} [[wikisource:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mobéko Likonzi]] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[bn:কঙ্গো (জায়ার)]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Lýðveldið Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Демократическая Республика]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 7176 2005-12-04T11:48:26Z Moyogo 11 /* Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki<br/>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)</font><br/>République Democratique du Congo<br /> Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratika <br /> Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo <br /> Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata''' |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa.svg|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | [[Nkótá ya Ekólo]] | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Molɔngɔ ya Bakambi ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokambi ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwami na ndelo ya ye ya mwa [[30 yuni]] [[1960]], ekolo ya makoki, lipanda, bonsomi, ekangani mpe ekabwani te, ya bato, ya bokonzi bouti na bato mpe eponi eyamba yoko te. == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama míbalé. Nyɔ́nsɔ wâná elakísí boyébí bwa bato ya bomɛngo etondi mabelé. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpé [[kiswahili]] ezalí bakótá banɛ́nɛ banei ya ekólo, kasi bakótá kama míbalé balobaka na ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ. Míngi śé na káti ya bakótá bya ekólo bokoyéba etando ya bikelá, mabelé, nyama mpé nzeté. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazalí na bakombo míngi ya nzeté ya mbíla na maye manso basálelaka. Sɔ̂lɔ, nzeté ya mbíla eyébaní káka mpó na mafúta na masanga tɛ̂. Eyébaní lokóla nkísi ekosílisa makɔnɔ, naye mpé bakosála bitúnga mpé bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Mpo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpé: [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalákí banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkómbó óyo ebêngámákí [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekólo wâná, mpé ebale óyo epésáká ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimélí na yě see mɔ̌kɔ́ na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Congo belge]]'' elongákí lipanda na [[1960]], o nkómbó ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkómbó nsé mɔ̌koɔ́ na kolonia ya kala ya [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkómbó ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwamákí na [[1966]], kasi bikólo babale basilákí koyébana míngi-míngi, mpé kokesana na nkómbó ya bingumba-mikonzi ba bángo, mpó na komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpé Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima [[1965]]), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {|{{prettytable}} !Nkómbó ya kala !!Nkómbó ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|350px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] {|{{prettytable}} ! est. !! bato !! source |- | 1990 || 37 405 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- | 1991 || || |- | 1992 || || |- | 1993 || || |- | 1994 || || |- |1995 || 45 453 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1996 || 46 812 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1997 || 48 040 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1998 || || |- |1999 || || |- |2000 || 51 390 000 || (globaldefence.net) |- |2001 || 53 624 718 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2002 || 55 225 478 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2003 || 56 625 039 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2004 || 58 318 000 || (CIA World Factbook) |- |2005 || 60 085 804 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |} <br clear=all /> == Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etúká|Bitúká]] (''Provinces'' ya [[lifalansé]]). [[Kinshasa]] ezalí mboka mokonzi ya ekólo mpé efándeli ya bitúlúká bya ekólo. Ezalí na makokí ma engúmba. Bingúmba mpé bitúká biyángélámí, bizwí makokí ma koyángela yangó mɔ̌kɔ́ na mobéko mpé bikambémí na bato baye bazwamí na bitúká bike bya mbóka. Bitúká biina bia bonsɔ́mí bizalí mbóka mondɛ́lɛ́, komine, seketele mpé sefeli. Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazalí: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etúká)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' '''Mobéko Likonzi''' : * {{fr}} [[wikisource:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mobéko Likonzi]] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[bn:কঙ্গো (জায়ার)]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Lýðveldið Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Демократическая Республика]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 7215 2005-12-05T23:22:46Z Moyogo 11 /* Politiki */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki<br/>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)</font><br/>République Democratique du Congo<br /> Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratika <br /> Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo <br /> Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata''' |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa.svg|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | [[Nkótá ya Ekólo]] | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Molɔngɔ ya Bakambi ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokambi ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwami na ndelo ya ye ya mwa [[30 yuni]] [[1960]], ekolo ya makoki, lipanda, bonsomi, ekangani mpe ekabwani te, ya bato, ya bokonzi bouti na bato mpe eponi eyamba yoko te. == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama míbalé. Nyɔ́nsɔ wâná elakísí boyébí bwa bato ya bomɛngo etondi mabelé. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpé [[kiswahili]] ezalí bakótá banɛ́nɛ banei ya ekólo, kasi bakótá kama míbalé balobaka na ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ. Míngi śé na káti ya bakótá bya ekólo bokoyéba etando ya bikelá, mabelé, nyama mpé nzeté. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazalí na bakombo míngi ya nzeté ya mbíla na maye manso basálelaka. Sɔ̂lɔ, nzeté ya mbíla eyébaní káka mpó na mafúta na masanga tɛ̂. Eyébaní lokóla nkísi ekosílisa makɔnɔ, naye mpé bakosála bitúnga mpé bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Mpo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpé: [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalákí banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkómbó óyo ebêngámákí [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekólo wâná, mpé ebale óyo epésáká ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimélí na yě see mɔ̌kɔ́ na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Congo belge]]'' elongákí lipanda na [[1960]], o nkómbó ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkómbó nsé mɔ̌koɔ́ na kolonia ya kala ya [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkómbó ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwamákí na [[1966]], kasi bikólo babale basilákí koyébana míngi-míngi, mpé kokesana na nkómbó ya bingumba-mikonzi ba bángo, mpó na komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpé Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima [[1965]]), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {|{{prettytable}} !Nkómbó ya kala !!Nkómbó ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|350px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] {|{{prettytable}} ! est. !! bato !! source |- | 1990 || 37 405 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- | 1991 || || |- | 1992 || || |- | 1993 || || |- | 1994 || || |- |1995 || 45 453 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1996 || 46 812 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1997 || 48 040 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1998 || || |- |1999 || || |- |2000 || 51 390 000 || (globaldefence.net) |- |2001 || 53 624 718 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2002 || 55 225 478 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2003 || 56 625 039 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2004 || 58 318 000 || (CIA World Factbook) |- |2005 || 60 085 804 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |} <br clear=all /> == Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etúká|Bitúká]] (''Provinces'' ya [[lifalansé]]). [[Kinshasa]] ezalí mboka mokonzi ya ekólo mpé efándeli ya bitúlúká bya ekólo. Ezalí na makokí ma engúmba. Bingúmba mpé bitúká biyángélámí, bizwí makokí ma koyángela yangó mɔ̌kɔ́ na mobéko mpé bikambémí na bato baye bazwamí na bitúká bike bya mbóka. Bitúká biina bia bonsɔ́mí bizalí mbóka mondɛ́lɛ́, komine, seketele mpé sefeli. Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazalí: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etúká)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' '''Mobéko Likonzi''' : * {{fr}} [[fr:wikisource:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mobéko Likonzi]] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[bn:কঙ্গো (জায়ার)]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Lýðveldið Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Демократическая Республика]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 7234 2005-12-06T14:07:32Z 160.85.2.50 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki<br/>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)</font><br/>République Democratique du Congo<br /> Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratika <br /> Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo <br /> Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata''' |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa.svg|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | [[Nkótá ya Ekólo]] | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Molɔngɔ ya Bakambi ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokambi ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwami na ndelo ya ye ya mwa [[30 yuni]] [[1960]], ekolo ya makoki, lipanda, bonsomi, ekangani mpe ekabwani te, ya bato, ya bokonzi bouti na bato mpe eponi eyamba yoko te. == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama míbalé. Nyɔ́nsɔ wâná elakísí boyébí bwa bato ya bomɛngo etondi mabelé. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpé [[kiswahili]] ezalí bakótá banɛ́nɛ banei ya ekólo, kasi bakótá kama míbalé balobaka na ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ. Míngi śé na káti ya bakótá bya ekólo bokoyéba etando ya bikelá, mabelé, nyama mpé nzeté. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazalí na bakombo míngi ya nzeté ya mbíla na maye manso basálelaka. Sɔ̂lɔ, nzeté ya mbíla eyébaní káka mpó na mafúta na masanga tɛ̂. Eyébaní lokóla nkísi ekosílisa makɔnɔ, naye mpé bakosála bitúnga mpé bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Mpo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpé: [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalákí banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkómbó óyo ebêngámákí [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekólo wâná, mpé ebale óyo epésáká ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimélí na yě see mɔ̌kɔ́ na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Congo belge]]'' elongákí lipanda na [[1960]], o nkómbó ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkómbó nsé mɔ̌koɔ́ na kolonia ya kala ya [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkómbó ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwamákí na [[1966]], kasi bikólo babale basilákí koyébana míngi-míngi, mpé kokesana na nkómbó ya bingumba-mikonzi ba bángo, mpó na komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpé Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima [[1965]]), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {|{{prettytable}} !Nkómbó ya kala !!Nkómbó ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|350px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] {|{{prettytable}} ! est. !! bato !! source |- | 1990 || 37 405 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- | 1991 || || |- | 1992 || || |- | 1993 || || |- | 1994 || || |- |1995 || 45 453 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1996 || 46 812 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1997 || 48 040 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1998 || || |- |1999 || || |- |2000 || 51 390 000 || (globaldefence.net) |- |2001 || 53 624 718 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2002 || 55 225 478 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2003 || 56 625 039 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2004 || 58 318 000 || (CIA World Factbook) |- |2005 || 60 085 804 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |} <br clear=all /> == Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etúká|Bitúká]] (''Provinces'' ya [[lifalansé]]). [[Kinshasa]] ezalí mboka mokonzi ya ekólo mpé efándeli ya bitúlúká bya ekólo. Ezalí na makokí ma engúmba. Bingúmba mpé bitúká biyángélámí, bizwí makokí ma koyángela yangó mɔ̌kɔ́ na mobéko mpé bikambémí na bato baye bazwamí na bitúká bike bya mbóka. Bitúká biina bia bonsɔ́mí bizalí mbóka mondɛ́lɛ́, komine, seketele mpé sefeli. Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazalí: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etúká)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' '''Mobéko Likonzi''' : * {{fr}} [[fr:wikisource:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mobéko Likonzi]] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[bn:কঙ্গো (জায়ার)]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Lýðveldið Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Демократическая Республика]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 7235 2005-12-06T14:11:53Z 160.85.2.50 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki<br/>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)</font><br/>République Democratique du Congo<br /> Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratika <br /> Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo <br /> Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata''' |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa.svg|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | [[Nkótá ya Ekólo]] | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Molɔngɔ ya Bakambi ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokambi ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwami na ndelo ya ye ya mwa [[30 yuni]] [[1960]], ekolo ya makoki, lipanda, bonsomi, ekangani mpe ekabwani te, ya bato, ya bokonzi bouti na bato mpe eponi eyamba yoko te. == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama míbalé. Nyɔ́nsɔ wâná elakísí boyébí bwa bato ya bomɛngo etondi mabelé. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpé [[kiswahili]] ezalí bakótá banɛ́nɛ banei ya ekólo, kasi bakótá kama míbalé balobaka na ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ. Míngi śé na káti ya bakótá bya ekólo bokoyéba etando ya bikelá, mabelé, nyama mpé nzeté. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazalí na bakombo míngi ya nzeté ya mbíla na maye manso basálelaka. Sɔ̂lɔ, nzeté ya mbíla eyébaní káka mpó na mafúta na masanga tɛ̂. Eyébaní lokóla nkísi ekosílisa makɔnɔ, naye mpé bakosála bitúnga mpé bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Mpo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpé: [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalákí banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkómbó óyo ebêngámákí [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekólo wâná, mpé ebale óyo epésáká ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimélí na yě see mɔ̌kɔ́ na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Congo belge]]'' elongákí lipanda na [[1960]], o nkómbó ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkómbó nsé mɔ̌koɔ́ na kolonia ya kala ya [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkómbó ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwamákí na [[1966]], kasi bikólo babale basilákí koyébana míngi-míngi, mpé kokesana na nkómbó ya bingumba-mikonzi ba bángo, mpó na komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpé Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima [[1965]]), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {|{{prettytable}} !Nkómbó ya kala !!Nkómbó ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|350px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] {|{{prettytable}} ! est. !! bato !! source |- | 1990 || 37 405 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- | 1991 || || |- | 1992 || || |- | 1993 || || |- | 1994 || || |- |1995 || 45 453 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1996 || 46 812 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1997 || 48 040 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1998 || || |- |1999 || || |- |2000 || 51 390 000 || (globaldefence.net) |- |2001 || 53 624 718 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2002 || 55 225 478 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2003 || 56 625 039 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2004 || 58 318 000 || (CIA World Factbook) |- |2005 || 60 085 804 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |} <br clear=all /> == Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etúká|Bitúká]] (''Provinces'' ya [[lifalansé]]). [[Kinshasa]] ezalí mboka mokonzi ya ekólo mpé efándeli ya bitúlúká bya ekólo. Ezalí na makokí ma engúmba. Bingúmba mpé bitúká biyángélámí, bizwí makokí ma koyángela yangó mɔ̌kɔ́ na mobéko mpé bikambémí na bato baye bazwamí na bitúká bike bya mbóka. Bitúká biina bia bonsɔ́mí bizalí mbóka mondɛ́lɛ́, komine, seketele mpé sefeli. Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazalí: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etúká)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' '''Mobéko Likonzi''' : * {{fr}} [[fr:wikisource:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mobéko Likonzi]] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[bn:কঙ্গো (জায়ার)]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Lýðveldið Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Демократическая Республика]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 7282 2005-12-07T18:07:47Z Moyogo 11 /* Likambo */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki<br/>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)</font><br/>République Democratique du Congo<br /> Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratika <br /> Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo <br /> Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata''' |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa.svg|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | [[Nkótá ya Ekólo]] | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Molɔngɔ ya Bakambi ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokambi ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwami na ndelo ya ye ya mwa [[30 yuni]] [[1960]], ekolo ya makoki, lipanda, bonsomi, ekangani mpe ekabwani te, ya bato, ya bokonzi bouti na bato mpe eponi eyamba yoko te. == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama míbalé. Nyɔ́nsɔ wâná elakísí boyébí bwa bato ya bomɛngo etondi mabelé. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpé [[kiswahili]] ezalí bakótá banɛ́nɛ banei ya ekólo, kasi bakótá kama míbalé balobaka na ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ. Míngi śé na káti ya bakótá bya ekólo bokoyéba etando ya bikelá, mabelé, nyama mpé nzeté. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazalí na bakombo míngi ya nzeté ya mbíla na maye manso basálelaka. Sɔ̂lɔ, nzeté ya mbíla eyébaní káka mpó na mafúta na masanga tɛ̂. Eyébaní lokóla nkísi ekosílisa makɔnɔ, naye mpé bakosála bitúnga mpé bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Mpo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpé: [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́(Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalákí banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkómbó óyo ebêngámákí [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekólo wâná, mpé ebale óyo epésáká ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimélí na yě see mɔ̌kɔ́ na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Congo belge]]'' elongákí lipanda na [[1960]], o nkómbó ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkómbó nsé mɔ̌koɔ́ na kolonia ya kala ya [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkómbó ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwamákí na [[1966]], kasi bikólo babale basilákí koyébana míngi-míngi, mpé kokesana na nkómbó ya bingumba-mikonzi ba bángo, mpó na komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpé Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima [[1965]]), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {|{{prettytable}} !Nkómbó ya kala !!Nkómbó ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|350px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] {|{{prettytable}} ! est. !! bato !! source |- | 1990 || 37 405 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- | 1991 || || |- | 1992 || || |- | 1993 || || |- | 1994 || || |- |1995 || 45 453 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1996 || 46 812 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1997 || 48 040 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1998 || || |- |1999 || || |- |2000 || 51 390 000 || (globaldefence.net) |- |2001 || 53 624 718 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2002 || 55 225 478 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2003 || 56 625 039 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2004 || 58 318 000 || (CIA World Factbook) |- |2005 || 60 085 804 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |} <br clear=all /> == Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etúká|Bitúká]] (''Provinces'' ya [[lifalansé]]). [[Kinshasa]] ezalí mboka mokonzi ya ekólo mpé efándeli ya bitúlúká bya ekólo. Ezalí na makokí ma engúmba. Bingúmba mpé bitúká biyángélámí, bizwí makokí ma koyángela yangó mɔ̌kɔ́ na mobéko mpé bikambémí na bato baye bazwamí na bitúká bike bya mbóka. Bitúká biina bia bonsɔ́mí bizalí mbóka mondɛ́lɛ́, komine, seketele mpé sefeli. Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazalí: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etúká)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' '''Mobéko Likonzi''' : * {{fr}} [[fr:wikisource:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mobéko Likonzi]] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[bn:কঙ্গো (জায়ার)]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Lýðveldið Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Демократическая Республика]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 7309 2005-12-10T14:58:56Z Moyogo 11 jistisi → bosémbo {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki<br/>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)</font><br/>République Democratique du Congo<br /> Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratika <br /> Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo <br /> Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata''' |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa.svg|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Bosémbo - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | [[Nkótá ya Ekólo]] | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Molɔngɔ ya Bakambi ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokambi ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwami na ndelo ya ye ya mwa [[30 yuni]] [[1960]], ekolo ya makoki, lipanda, bonsomi, ekangani mpe ekabwani te, ya bato, ya bokonzi bouti na bato mpe eponi eyamba yoko te. == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama míbalé. Nyɔ́nsɔ wâná elakísí boyébí bwa bato ya bomɛngo etondi mabelé. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpé [[kiswahili]] ezalí bakótá banɛ́nɛ banei ya ekólo, kasi bakótá kama míbalé balobaka na ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ. Míngi śé na káti ya bakótá bya ekólo bokoyéba etando ya bikelá, mabelé, nyama mpé nzeté. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazalí na bakombo míngi ya nzeté ya mbíla na maye manso basálelaka. Sɔ̂lɔ, nzeté ya mbíla eyébaní káka mpó na mafúta na masanga tɛ̂. Eyébaní lokóla nkísi ekosílisa makɔnɔ, naye mpé bakosála bitúnga mpé bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Mpo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpé: [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́(Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalákí banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkómbó óyo ebêngámákí [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekólo wâná, mpé ebale óyo epésáká ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimélí na yě see mɔ̌kɔ́ na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Congo belge]]'' elongákí lipanda na [[1960]], o nkómbó ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkómbó nsé mɔ̌koɔ́ na kolonia ya kala ya [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkómbó ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwamákí na [[1966]], kasi bikólo babale basilákí koyébana míngi-míngi, mpé kokesana na nkómbó ya bingumba-mikonzi ba bángo, mpó na komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpé Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima [[1965]]), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {|{{prettytable}} !Nkómbó ya kala !!Nkómbó ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|350px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] {|{{prettytable}} ! est. !! bato !! source |- | 1990 || 37 405 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- | 1991 || || |- | 1992 || || |- | 1993 || || |- | 1994 || || |- |1995 || 45 453 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1996 || 46 812 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1997 || 48 040 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1998 || || |- |1999 || || |- |2000 || 51 390 000 || (globaldefence.net) |- |2001 || 53 624 718 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2002 || 55 225 478 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2003 || 56 625 039 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2004 || 58 318 000 || (CIA World Factbook) |- |2005 || 60 085 804 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |} <br clear=all /> == Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etúká|Bitúká]] (''Provinces'' ya [[lifalansé]]). [[Kinshasa]] ezalí mboka mokonzi ya ekólo mpé efándeli ya bitúlúká bya ekólo. Ezalí na makokí ma engúmba. Bingúmba mpé bitúká biyángélámí, bizwí makokí ma koyángela yangó mɔ̌kɔ́ na mobéko mpé bikambémí na bato baye bazwamí na bitúká bike bya mbóka. Bitúká biina bia bonsɔ́mí bizalí mbóka mondɛ́lɛ́, komine, seketele mpé sefeli. Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazalí: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etúká)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' '''Mobéko Likonzi''' : * {{fr}} [[fr:wikisource:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mobéko Likonzi]] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[bn:কঙ্গো (জায়ার)]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Lýðveldið Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Демократическая Республика]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 7517 2006-01-06T03:06:16Z Moyogo 11 engumba mokonzi → mbóka-mokonzi {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki<br/>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)</font><br/>République Democratique du Congo<br /> Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratika <br /> Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo <br /> Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata''' |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa.svg|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Bosémbo - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | [[Nkótá ya Ekólo]] | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]] |----- | [[Mbóka-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Molɔngɔ ya Bakambi ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokambi ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwami na ndelo ya ye ya mwa [[30 yuni]] [[1960]], ekolo ya makoki, lipanda, bonsomi, ekangani mpe ekabwani te, ya bato, ya bokonzi bouti na bato mpe eponi eyamba yoko te. == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama míbalé. Nyɔ́nsɔ wâná elakísí boyébí bwa bato ya bomɛngo etondi mabelé. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpé [[kiswahili]] ezalí bakótá banɛ́nɛ banei ya ekólo, kasi bakótá kama míbalé balobaka na ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ. Míngi śé na káti ya bakótá bya ekólo bokoyéba etando ya bikelá, mabelé, nyama mpé nzeté. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazalí na bakombo míngi ya nzeté ya mbíla na maye manso basálelaka. Sɔ̂lɔ, nzeté ya mbíla eyébaní káka mpó na mafúta na masanga tɛ̂. Eyébaní lokóla nkísi ekosílisa makɔnɔ, naye mpé bakosála bitúnga mpé bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Mpo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpé: [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́(Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalákí banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkómbó óyo ebêngámákí [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekólo wâná, mpé ebale óyo epésáká ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimélí na yě see mɔ̌kɔ́ na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Congo belge]]'' elongákí lipanda na [[1960]], o nkómbó ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkómbó nsé mɔ̌koɔ́ na kolonia ya kala ya [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkómbó ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwamákí na [[1966]], kasi bikólo babale basilákí koyébana míngi-míngi, mpé kokesana na nkómbó ya bingumba-mikonzi ba bángo, mpó na komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpé Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima [[1965]]), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {|{{prettytable}} !Nkómbó ya kala !!Nkómbó ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|350px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] {|{{prettytable}} ! est. !! bato !! source |- | 1990 || 37 405 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- | 1991 || || |- | 1992 || || |- | 1993 || || |- | 1994 || || |- |1995 || 45 453 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1996 || 46 812 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1997 || 48 040 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1998 || || |- |1999 || || |- |2000 || 51 390 000 || (globaldefence.net) |- |2001 || 53 624 718 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2002 || 55 225 478 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2003 || 56 625 039 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2004 || 58 318 000 || (CIA World Factbook) |- |2005 || 60 085 804 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |} <br clear=all /> == Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etúká|Bitúká]] (''Provinces'' ya [[lifalansé]]). [[Kinshasa]] ezalí mboka mokonzi ya ekólo mpé efándeli ya bitúlúká bya ekólo. Ezalí na makokí ma engúmba. Bingúmba mpé bitúká biyángélámí, bizwí makokí ma koyángela yangó mɔ̌kɔ́ na mobéko mpé bikambémí na bato baye bazwamí na bitúká bike bya mbóka. Bitúká biina bia bonsɔ́mí bizalí mbóka mondɛ́lɛ́, komine, seketele mpé sefeli. Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazalí: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etúká)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' '''Mobéko Likonzi''' : * {{fr}} [[fr:wikisource:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mobéko Likonzi]] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[bn:কঙ্গো (জায়ার)]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Lýðveldið Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Демократическая Республика]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 7725 2006-02-20T11:09:21Z 145.120.1.215 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki<br/>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)</font><br/>République Democratique du Congo<br /> Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratika <br /> Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo <br /> Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata''' |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Bosémbo - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | [[Nkótá ya Ekólo]] | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]] |----- | [[Mbóka-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Molɔngɔ ya Bakambi ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokambi ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwami na ndelo ya ye ya mwa [[30 yuni]] [[1960]], ekolo ya makoki, lipanda, bonsomi, ekangani mpe ekabwani te, ya bato, ya bokonzi bouti na bato mpe eponi eyamba yoko te. == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama míbalé. Nyɔ́nsɔ wâná elakísí boyébí bwa bato ya bomɛngo etondi mabelé. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpé [[kiswahili]] ezalí bakótá banɛ́nɛ banei ya ekólo, kasi bakótá kama míbalé balobaka na ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ. Míngi śé na káti ya bakótá bya ekólo bokoyéba etando ya bikelá, mabelé, nyama mpé nzeté. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazalí na bakombo míngi ya nzeté ya mbíla na maye manso basálelaka. Sɔ̂lɔ, nzeté ya mbíla eyébaní káka mpó na mafúta na masanga tɛ̂. Eyébaní lokóla nkísi ekosílisa makɔnɔ, naye mpé bakosála bitúnga mpé bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Mpo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpé: [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́(Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalákí banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkómbó óyo ebêngámákí [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekólo wâná, mpé ebale óyo epésáká ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimélí na yě see mɔ̌kɔ́ na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Congo belge]]'' elongákí lipanda na [[1960]], o nkómbó ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkómbó nsé mɔ̌koɔ́ na kolonia ya kala ya [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkómbó ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwamákí na [[1966]], kasi bikólo babale basilákí koyébana míngi-míngi, mpé kokesana na nkómbó ya bingumba-mikonzi ba bángo, mpó na komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpé Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima [[1965]]), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {|{{prettytable}} !Nkómbó ya kala !!Nkómbó ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|350px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] {|{{prettytable}} ! est. !! bato !! source |- | 1990 || 37 405 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- | 1991 || || |- | 1992 || || |- | 1993 || || |- | 1994 || || |- |1995 || 45 453 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1996 || 46 812 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1997 || 48 040 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1998 || || |- |1999 || || |- |2000 || 51 390 000 || (globaldefence.net) |- |2001 || 53 624 718 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2002 || 55 225 478 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2003 || 56 625 039 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2004 || 58 318 000 || (CIA World Factbook) |- |2005 || 60 085 804 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |} <br clear=all /> == Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etúká|Bitúká]] (''Provinces'' ya [[lifalansé]]). [[Kinshasa]] ezalí mboka mokonzi ya ekólo mpé efándeli ya bitúlúká bya ekólo. Ezalí na makokí ma engúmba. Bingúmba mpé bitúká biyángélámí, bizwí makokí ma koyángela yangó mɔ̌kɔ́ na mobéko mpé bikambémí na bato baye bazwamí na bitúká bike bya mbóka. Bitúká biina bia bonsɔ́mí bizalí mbóka mondɛ́lɛ́, komine, seketele mpé sefeli. Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazalí: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etúká)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' '''Mobéko Likonzi''' : * {{fr}} [[:wikisource:fr:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mobéko Likonzi]] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[bn:কঙ্গো (জায়ার)]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Lýðveldið Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Демократическая Республика]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 7732 2006-02-23T22:30:23Z Moyogo 11 almwali {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki<br/>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)</font><br/>République Démocratique du Congo<br /> Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratika <br /> Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo <br /> Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata''' |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg|140px]] [[Image:Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png|140px]] |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Bosémbo, Bobóto, Mosálá''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | [[Nkótá ya Ekólo]] | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]] |----- | [[Mbóka-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Molɔngɔ ya Bakambi ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokambi ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwami na ndelo ya ye ya mwa [[30 yuni]] [[1960]], ekolo ya makoki, lipanda, bonsomi, ekangani mpe ekabwani te, ya bato, ya bokonzi bouti na bato mpe eponi eyamba yoko te. == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama míbalé. Nyɔ́nsɔ wâná elakísí boyébí bwa bato ya bomɛngo etondi mabelé. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpé [[kiswahili]] ezalí bakótá banɛ́nɛ banei ya ekólo, kasi bakótá kama míbalé balobaka na ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ. Míngi śé na káti ya bakótá bya ekólo bokoyéba etando ya bikelá, mabelé, nyama mpé nzeté. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazalí na bakombo míngi ya nzeté ya mbíla na maye manso basálelaka. Sɔ̂lɔ, nzeté ya mbíla eyébaní káka mpó na mafúta na masanga tɛ̂. Eyébaní lokóla nkísi ekosílisa makɔnɔ, naye mpé bakosála bitúnga mpé bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Mpo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpé: [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́(Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalákí banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkómbó óyo ebêngámákí [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekólo wâná, mpé ebale óyo epésáká ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimélí na yě see mɔ̌kɔ́ na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Congo belge]]'' elongákí lipanda na [[1960]], o nkómbó ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkómbó nsé mɔ̌koɔ́ na kolonia ya kala ya [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkómbó ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwamákí na [[1966]], kasi bikólo babale basilákí koyébana míngi-míngi, mpé kokesana na nkómbó ya bingumba-mikonzi ba bángo, mpó na komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpé Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima [[1965]]), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {|{{prettytable}} !Nkómbó ya kala !!Nkómbó ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|350px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] {|{{prettytable}} ! est. !! bato !! source |- | 1990 || 37 405 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- | 1991 || || |- | 1992 || || |- | 1993 || || |- | 1994 || || |- |1995 || 45 453 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1996 || 46 812 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1997 || 48 040 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1998 || || |- |1999 || || |- |2000 || 51 390 000 || (globaldefence.net) |- |2001 || 53 624 718 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2002 || 55 225 478 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2003 || 56 625 039 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2004 || 58 318 000 || (CIA World Factbook) |- |2005 || 60 085 804 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |} <br clear=all /> == Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etúká|Bitúká]] (''Provinces'' ya [[lifalansé]]). [[Kinshasa]] ezalí mboka mokonzi ya ekólo mpé efándeli ya bitúlúká bya ekólo. Ezalí na makokí ma engúmba. Bingúmba mpé bitúká biyángélámí, bizwí makokí ma koyángela yangó mɔ̌kɔ́ na mobéko mpé bikambémí na bato baye bazwamí na bitúká bike bya mbóka. Bitúká biina bia bonsɔ́mí bizalí mbóka mondɛ́lɛ́, komine, seketele mpé sefeli. Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazalí: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etúká)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' '''Mobéko Likonzi''' : * {{fr}} [[:wikisource:fr:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mobéko Likonzi]] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[bn:কঙ্গো (জায়ার)]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Lýðveldið Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Демократическая Республика]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 7958 2006-04-05T04:45:39Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: am, bg, bs, hu, kg, kw, sh, simple, sw, tl, tr Modifie: gl, is, ru {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki<br/>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)</font><br/>République Démocratique du Congo<br /> Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratika <br /> Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo <br /> Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata''' |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg|140px]] [[Image:Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png|140px]] |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Bosémbo, Bobóto, Mosálá''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | [[Nkótá ya Ekólo]] | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]] |----- | [[Mbóka-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Molɔngɔ ya Bakambi ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokambi ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwami na ndelo ya ye ya mwa [[30 yuni]] [[1960]], ekolo ya makoki, lipanda, bonsomi, ekangani mpe ekabwani te, ya bato, ya bokonzi bouti na bato mpe eponi eyamba yoko te. == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama míbalé. Nyɔ́nsɔ wâná elakísí boyébí bwa bato ya bomɛngo etondi mabelé. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpé [[kiswahili]] ezalí bakótá banɛ́nɛ banei ya ekólo, kasi bakótá kama míbalé balobaka na ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ. Míngi śé na káti ya bakótá bya ekólo bokoyéba etando ya bikelá, mabelé, nyama mpé nzeté. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazalí na bakombo míngi ya nzeté ya mbíla na maye manso basálelaka. Sɔ̂lɔ, nzeté ya mbíla eyébaní káka mpó na mafúta na masanga tɛ̂. Eyébaní lokóla nkísi ekosílisa makɔnɔ, naye mpé bakosála bitúnga mpé bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Mpo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpé: [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́(Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalákí banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkómbó óyo ebêngámákí [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekólo wâná, mpé ebale óyo epésáká ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimélí na yě see mɔ̌kɔ́ na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Congo belge]]'' elongákí lipanda na [[1960]], o nkómbó ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkómbó nsé mɔ̌koɔ́ na kolonia ya kala ya [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkómbó ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwamákí na [[1966]], kasi bikólo babale basilákí koyébana míngi-míngi, mpé kokesana na nkómbó ya bingumba-mikonzi ba bángo, mpó na komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpé Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima [[1965]]), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {|{{prettytable}} !Nkómbó ya kala !!Nkómbó ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|350px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] {|{{prettytable}} ! est. !! bato !! source |- | 1990 || 37 405 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- | 1991 || || |- | 1992 || || |- | 1993 || || |- | 1994 || || |- |1995 || 45 453 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1996 || 46 812 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1997 || 48 040 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1998 || || |- |1999 || || |- |2000 || 51 390 000 || (globaldefence.net) |- |2001 || 53 624 718 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2002 || 55 225 478 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2003 || 56 625 039 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2004 || 58 318 000 || (CIA World Factbook) |- |2005 || 60 085 804 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |} <br clear=all /> == Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etúká|Bitúká]] (''Provinces'' ya [[lifalansé]]). [[Kinshasa]] ezalí mboka mokonzi ya ekólo mpé efándeli ya bitúlúká bya ekólo. Ezalí na makokí ma engúmba. Bingúmba mpé bitúká biyángélámí, bizwí makokí ma koyángela yangó mɔ̌kɔ́ na mobéko mpé bikambémí na bato baye bazwamí na bitúká bike bya mbóka. Bitúká biina bia bonsɔ́mí bizalí mbóka mondɛ́lɛ́, komine, seketele mpé sefeli. Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazalí: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etúká)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' '''Mobéko Likonzi''' : * {{fr}} [[:wikisource:fr:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mobéko Likonzi]] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[am:ኮንጎ ዲሞክራቲክ ሪፑብሊክ]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[bg:Демократична република Конго]] [[bn:কঙ্গো (জায়ার)]] [[bs:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo - République Démocratique du Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[hu:Kongói Demokratikus Köztársaság]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Austur-Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[kg:Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratiki]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[kw:Repoblek Werinel Kongo]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Демократическая Республика Конго]] [[sh:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[simple:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[sw:Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[tl:Demokratikong Republika ng Congo]] [[tr:Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 8015 2006-04-15T23:44:32Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: mk, oc, th Modifie: nl {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki<br/>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)</font><br/>République Démocratique du Congo<br /> Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratika <br /> Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo <br /> Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata''' |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg|140px]] [[Image:Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png|140px]] |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Bosémbo, Bobóto, Mosálá''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | [[Nkótá ya Ekólo]] | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]] |----- | [[Mbóka-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Molɔngɔ ya Bakambi ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokambi ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwami na ndelo ya ye ya mwa [[30 yuni]] [[1960]], ekolo ya makoki, lipanda, bonsomi, ekangani mpe ekabwani te, ya bato, ya bokonzi bouti na bato mpe eponi eyamba yoko te. == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama míbalé. Nyɔ́nsɔ wâná elakísí boyébí bwa bato ya bomɛngo etondi mabelé. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpé [[kiswahili]] ezalí bakótá banɛ́nɛ banei ya ekólo, kasi bakótá kama míbalé balobaka na ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ. Míngi śé na káti ya bakótá bya ekólo bokoyéba etando ya bikelá, mabelé, nyama mpé nzeté. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazalí na bakombo míngi ya nzeté ya mbíla na maye manso basálelaka. Sɔ̂lɔ, nzeté ya mbíla eyébaní káka mpó na mafúta na masanga tɛ̂. Eyébaní lokóla nkísi ekosílisa makɔnɔ, naye mpé bakosála bitúnga mpé bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Mpo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpé: [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́(Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalákí banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkómbó óyo ebêngámákí [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekólo wâná, mpé ebale óyo epésáká ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimélí na yě see mɔ̌kɔ́ na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Congo belge]]'' elongákí lipanda na [[1960]], o nkómbó ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkómbó nsé mɔ̌koɔ́ na kolonia ya kala ya [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkómbó ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwamákí na [[1966]], kasi bikólo babale basilákí koyébana míngi-míngi, mpé kokesana na nkómbó ya bingumba-mikonzi ba bángo, mpó na komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpé Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima [[1965]]), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {|{{prettytable}} !Nkómbó ya kala !!Nkómbó ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|350px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] {|{{prettytable}} ! est. !! bato !! source |- | 1990 || 37 405 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- | 1991 || || |- | 1992 || || |- | 1993 || || |- | 1994 || || |- |1995 || 45 453 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1996 || 46 812 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1997 || 48 040 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1998 || || |- |1999 || || |- |2000 || 51 390 000 || (globaldefence.net) |- |2001 || 53 624 718 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2002 || 55 225 478 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2003 || 56 625 039 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2004 || 58 318 000 || (CIA World Factbook) |- |2005 || 60 085 804 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |} <br clear=all /> == Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etúká|Bitúká]] (''Provinces'' ya [[lifalansé]]). [[Kinshasa]] ezalí mboka mokonzi ya ekólo mpé efándeli ya bitúlúká bya ekólo. Ezalí na makokí ma engúmba. Bingúmba mpé bitúká biyángélámí, bizwí makokí ma koyángela yangó mɔ̌kɔ́ na mobéko mpé bikambémí na bato baye bazwamí na bitúká bike bya mbóka. Bitúká biina bia bonsɔ́mí bizalí mbóka mondɛ́lɛ́, komine, seketele mpé sefeli. Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazalí: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etúká)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' '''Mobéko Likonzi''' : * {{fr}} [[:wikisource:fr:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mobéko Likonzi]] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[am:ኮንጎ ዲሞክራቲክ ሪፑብሊክ]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[bg:Демократична република Конго]] [[bn:কঙ্গো (জায়ার)]] [[bs:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo - République Démocratique du Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[hu:Kongói Demokratikus Köztársaság]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Austur-Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[kg:Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratiki]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[kw:Repoblek Werinel Kongo]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[mk:Конго, Демократска Република]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Congo-Kinshasa]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[oc:Republica Democratica del Congò]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Демократическая Республика Конго]] [[sh:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[simple:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[sw:Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[th:สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก]] [[tl:Demokratikong Republika ng Congo]] [[tr:Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 8263 2006-05-29T07:37:06Z 85.27.31.174 Image:Cg-map.png {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki<br/>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)</font><br/>République Démocratique du Congo<br /> Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratika <br /> Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo <br /> Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata''' |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg|140px]] [[Image:Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png|140px]] |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Bosémbo, Bobóto, Mosálá''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | [[Nkótá ya Ekólo]] | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]] |----- | [[Mbóka-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Molɔngɔ ya Bakambi ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokambi ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:Cg-map.png]] |} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwami na ndelo ya ye ya mwa [[30 yuni]] [[1960]], ekolo ya makoki, lipanda, bonsomi, ekangani mpe ekabwani te, ya bato, ya bokonzi bouti na bato mpe eponi eyamba yoko te. == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama míbalé. Nyɔ́nsɔ wâná elakísí boyébí bwa bato ya bomɛngo etondi mabelé. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpé [[kiswahili]] ezalí bakótá banɛ́nɛ banei ya ekólo, kasi bakótá kama míbalé balobaka na ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ. Míngi śé na káti ya bakótá bya ekólo bokoyéba etando ya bikelá, mabelé, nyama mpé nzeté. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazalí na bakombo míngi ya nzeté ya mbíla na maye manso basálelaka. Sɔ̂lɔ, nzeté ya mbíla eyébaní káka mpó na mafúta na masanga tɛ̂. Eyébaní lokóla nkísi ekosílisa makɔnɔ, naye mpé bakosála bitúnga mpé bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Mpo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpé: [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́(Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalákí banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkómbó óyo ebêngámákí [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekólo wâná, mpé ebale óyo epésáká ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimélí na yě see mɔ̌kɔ́ na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Congo belge]]'' elongákí lipanda na [[1960]], o nkómbó ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkómbó nsé mɔ̌koɔ́ na kolonia ya kala ya [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkómbó ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwamákí na [[1966]], kasi bikólo babale basilákí koyébana míngi-míngi, mpé kokesana na nkómbó ya bingumba-mikonzi ba bángo, mpó na komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpé Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima [[1965]]), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {|{{prettytable}} !Nkómbó ya kala !!Nkómbó ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|350px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] {|{{prettytable}} ! est. !! bato !! source |- | 1990 || 37 405 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- | 1991 || || |- | 1992 || || |- | 1993 || || |- | 1994 || || |- |1995 || 45 453 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1996 || 46 812 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1997 || 48 040 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1998 || || |- |1999 || || |- |2000 || 51 390 000 || (globaldefence.net) |- |2001 || 53 624 718 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2002 || 55 225 478 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2003 || 56 625 039 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2004 || 58 318 000 || (CIA World Factbook) |- |2005 || 60 085 804 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |} <br clear=all /> == Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etúká|Bitúká]] (''Provinces'' ya [[lifalansé]]). [[Kinshasa]] ezalí mboka mokonzi ya ekólo mpé efándeli ya bitúlúká bya ekólo. Ezalí na makokí ma engúmba. Bingúmba mpé bitúká biyángélámí, bizwí makokí ma koyángela yangó mɔ̌kɔ́ na mobéko mpé bikambémí na bato baye bazwamí na bitúká bike bya mbóka. Bitúká biina bia bonsɔ́mí bizalí mbóka mondɛ́lɛ́, komine, seketele mpé sefeli. Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazalí: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etúká)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' '''Mobéko Likonzi''' : * {{fr}} [[:wikisource:fr:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mobéko Likonzi]] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[am:ኮንጎ ዲሞክራቲክ ሪፑብሊክ]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[bg:Демократична република Конго]] [[bn:কঙ্গো (জায়ার)]] [[bs:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo - République Démocratique du Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[hu:Kongói Demokratikus Köztársaság]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Austur-Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[kg:Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratiki]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[kw:Repoblek Werinel Kongo]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[mk:Конго, Демократска Република]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Congo-Kinshasa]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[oc:Republica Democratica del Congò]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Демократическая Республика Конго]] [[sh:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[simple:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[sw:Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[th:สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก]] [[tl:Demokratikong Republika ng Congo]] [[tr:Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 8264 2006-05-29T08:28:25Z Bombo 12 /* Politiki */ /*Mobéko Likonzi*/ link {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki<br/>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)</font><br/>République Démocratique du Congo<br /> Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratika <br /> Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo <br /> Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata''' |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg|140px]] [[Image:Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png|140px]] |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Bosémbo, Bobóto, Mosálá''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | [[Nkótá ya Ekólo]] | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]] |----- | [[Mbóka-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Molɔngɔ ya Bakambi ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokambi ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:Cg-map.png]] |} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwami na ndelo ya ye ya mwa [[30 yuni]] [[1960]], ekolo ya makoki, lipanda, bonsomi, ekangani mpe ekabwani te, ya bato, ya bokonzi bouti na bato mpe eponi eyamba yoko te. == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama míbalé. Nyɔ́nsɔ wâná elakísí boyébí bwa bato ya bomɛngo etondi mabelé. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpé [[kiswahili]] ezalí bakótá banɛ́nɛ banei ya ekólo, kasi bakótá kama míbalé balobaka na ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ. Míngi śé na káti ya bakótá bya ekólo bokoyéba etando ya bikelá, mabelé, nyama mpé nzeté. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazalí na bakombo míngi ya nzeté ya mbíla na maye manso basálelaka. Sɔ̂lɔ, nzeté ya mbíla eyébaní káka mpó na mafúta na masanga tɛ̂. Eyébaní lokóla nkísi ekosílisa makɔnɔ, naye mpé bakosála bitúnga mpé bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Mpo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpé: [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́(Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalákí banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkómbó óyo ebêngámákí [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekólo wâná, mpé ebale óyo epésáká ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimélí na yě see mɔ̌kɔ́ na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Congo belge]]'' elongákí lipanda na [[1960]], o nkómbó ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkómbó nsé mɔ̌koɔ́ na kolonia ya kala ya [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkómbó ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwamákí na [[1966]], kasi bikólo babale basilákí koyébana míngi-míngi, mpé kokesana na nkómbó ya bingumba-mikonzi ba bángo, mpó na komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpé Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima [[1965]]), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {|{{prettytable}} !Nkómbó ya kala !!Nkómbó ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|350px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] {|{{prettytable}} ! est. !! bato !! source |- | 1990 || 37 405 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- | 1991 || || |- | 1992 || || |- | 1993 || || |- | 1994 || || |- |1995 || 45 453 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1996 || 46 812 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1997 || 48 040 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1998 || || |- |1999 || || |- |2000 || 51 390 000 || (globaldefence.net) |- |2001 || 53 624 718 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2002 || 55 225 478 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2003 || 56 625 039 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2004 || 58 318 000 || (CIA World Factbook) |- |2005 || 60 085 804 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |} <br clear=all /> == Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etúká|Bitúká]] (''Provinces'' ya [[lifalansé]]). [[Kinshasa]] ezalí mboka mokonzi ya ekólo mpé efándeli ya bitúlúká bya ekólo. Ezalí na makokí ma engúmba. Bingúmba mpé bitúká biyángélámí, bizwí makokí ma koyángela yangó mɔ̌kɔ́ na mobéko mpé bikambémí na bato baye bazwamí na bitúká bike bya mbóka. Bitúká biina bia bonsɔ́mí bizalí mbóka mondɛ́lɛ́, komine, seketele mpé sefeli. Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazalí: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etúká)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' '''Mobéko Likonzi''' : * {{fr}} [[:wikisource:fr:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mobéko Likonzi]] * {{ln}} [http://www.radiookapi.net/bibliotheque.php Lois en français, constitution en lingála] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[am:ኮንጎ ዲሞክራቲክ ሪፑብሊክ]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[bg:Демократична република Конго]] [[bn:কঙ্গো (জায়ার)]] [[bs:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo - République Démocratique du Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[hu:Kongói Demokratikus Köztársaság]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Austur-Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[kg:Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratiki]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[kw:Repoblek Werinel Kongo]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[mk:Конго, Демократска Република]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Congo-Kinshasa]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[oc:Republica Democratica del Congò]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Демократическая Республика Конго]] [[sh:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[simple:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[sw:Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[th:สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก]] [[tl:Demokratikong Republika ng Congo]] [[tr:Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 8287 2006-05-29T10:41:31Z Moyogo 11 {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki| nkómbó_na_lokóta = République Démocratique du Congo<br /> Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratika <br /> Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo <br /> Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata'''| image_flag = Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg | image_coat = Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png | image_map = LocationDRCongo.png | mokáno = Bosémbo, Bobóto, Mosálá| loyémbo = [[Debout Congolais]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]]| mbóka-mokonzi = Kinshasa| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Kinshasa]]| loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] | nkómbo_mokambi = [[Joseph Kabila]] | etando = 2 345 410| etando_koleka =ya 12| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =2 E9| ndámbo_mái =3.3| population_estimate = 62 660 551| population_estimate_year=2006| population_estimate_rank=- | population_density = 27| population_density_rank=- | population_census = -| population_census_year=| GDP_PPP = -| GDP_PPP_year=-| GDP_PPP_rank=-| GDP_nominal = -| GDP_nominal_year=-| GDP_nominal_rank=-| GDP_PPP_per_capita = -| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=-| GDP_nominal_per_capita = -| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=-| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - dipanda na [[Bɛ́lɛjika]]| established_dates = <br/>- 30-06-1960 | mosɔlɔ = [[Franc Congolais]]|currency_code=CFR| ngonga = [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] | calling_code = 243| footnotes = [[Image:Cg-map.png|290px]]| }} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwami na ndelo ya ye ya mwa [[30 yuni]] [[1960]], ekolo ya makoki, lipanda, bonsomi, ekangani mpe ekabwani te, ya bato, ya bokonzi bouti na bato mpe eponi eyamba yoko te. == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama míbalé. Nyɔ́nsɔ wâná elakísí boyébí bwa bato ya bomɛngo etondi mabelé. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpé [[kiswahili]] ezalí bakótá banɛ́nɛ banei ya ekólo, kasi bakótá kama míbalé balobaka na ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ. Míngi śé na káti ya bakótá bya ekólo bokoyéba etando ya bikelá, mabelé, nyama mpé nzeté. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazalí na bakombo míngi ya nzeté ya mbíla na maye manso basálelaka. Sɔ̂lɔ, nzeté ya mbíla eyébaní káka mpó na mafúta na masanga tɛ̂. Eyébaní lokóla nkísi ekosílisa makɔnɔ, naye mpé bakosála bitúnga mpé bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Mpo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpé: [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́(Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalákí banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkómbó óyo ebêngámákí [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekólo wâná, mpé ebale óyo epésáká ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimélí na yě see mɔ̌kɔ́ na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Congo belge]]'' elongákí lipanda na [[1960]], o nkómbó ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkómbó nsé mɔ̌koɔ́ na kolonia ya kala ya [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkómbó ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwamákí na [[1966]], kasi bikólo babale basilákí koyébana míngi-míngi, mpé kokesana na nkómbó ya bingumba-mikonzi ba bángo, mpó na komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpé Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima [[1965]]), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {|{{prettytable}} !Nkómbó ya kala !!Nkómbó ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|350px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] {|{{prettytable}} ! est. !! bato !! source |- | 1990 || 37 405 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- | 1991 || || |- | 1992 || || |- | 1993 || || |- | 1994 || || |- |1995 || 45 453 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1996 || 46 812 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1997 || 48 040 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1998 || || |- |1999 || || |- |2000 || 51 390 000 || (globaldefence.net) |- |2001 || 53 624 718 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2002 || 55 225 478 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2003 || 56 625 039 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2004 || 58 318 000 || (CIA World Factbook) |- |2005 || 60 085 804 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |} <br clear=all /> == Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etúká|Bitúká]] (''Provinces'' ya [[lifalansé]]). [[Kinshasa]] ezalí mboka mokonzi ya ekólo mpé efándeli ya bitúlúká bya ekólo. Ezalí na makokí ma engúmba. Bingúmba mpé bitúká biyángélámí, bizwí makokí ma koyángela yangó mɔ̌kɔ́ na mobéko mpé bikambémí na bato baye bazwamí na bitúká bike bya mbóka. Bitúká biina bia bonsɔ́mí bizalí mbóka mondɛ́lɛ́, komine, seketele mpé sefeli. Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazalí: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etúká)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' '''Mobéko Likonzi''' : * {{fr}} [[:wikisource:fr:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mobéko Likonzi]] * {{ln}} [http://www.radiookapi.net/bibliotheque.php Lois en français, constitution en lingála] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[am:ኮንጎ ዲሞክራቲክ ሪፑብሊክ]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[bg:Демократична република Конго]] [[bn:কঙ্গো (জায়ার)]] [[bs:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo - République Démocratique du Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[hu:Kongói Demokratikus Köztársaság]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Austur-Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[kg:Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratiki]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[kw:Repoblek Werinel Kongo]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[mk:Конго, Демократска Република]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Congo-Kinshasa]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[oc:Republica Democratica del Congò]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Демократическая Республика Конго]] [[sh:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[simple:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[sw:Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[th:สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก]] [[tl:Demokratikong Republika ng Congo]] [[tr:Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 8288 2006-05-29T10:43:35Z Moyogo 11 [[falánga ya Kɔ́ngɔ]] {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki| nkómbó_na_lokóta = République Démocratique du Congo<br /> Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratika <br /> Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo <br /> Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata'''| image_flag = Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg | image_coat = Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png | image_map = LocationDRCongo.png | mokáno = Bosémbo, Bobóto, Mosálá| loyémbo = [[Debout Congolais]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]]| mbóka-mokonzi = Kinshasa| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Kinshasa]]| loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] | nkómbo_mokambi = [[Joseph Kabila]] | etando = 2 345 410| etando_koleka =ya 12| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =2 E9| ndámbo_mái =3.3| population_estimate = 62 660 551| population_estimate_year=2006| population_estimate_rank=- | population_density = 27| population_density_rank=- | population_census = -| population_census_year=| GDP_PPP = -| GDP_PPP_year=-| GDP_PPP_rank=-| GDP_nominal = -| GDP_nominal_year=-| GDP_nominal_rank=-| GDP_PPP_per_capita = -| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=-| GDP_nominal_per_capita = -| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=-| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - dipanda na [[Bɛ́lɛjika]]| established_dates = <br/>- 30-06-1960 | mosɔlɔ = [[falánga ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]|currency_code=CFR| ngonga = [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] | calling_code = 243| footnotes = [[Image:Cg-map.png|290px]]| }} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwami na ndelo ya ye ya mwa [[30 yuni]] [[1960]], ekolo ya makoki, lipanda, bonsomi, ekangani mpe ekabwani te, ya bato, ya bokonzi bouti na bato mpe eponi eyamba yoko te. == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama míbalé. Nyɔ́nsɔ wâná elakísí boyébí bwa bato ya bomɛngo etondi mabelé. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpé [[kiswahili]] ezalí bakótá banɛ́nɛ banei ya ekólo, kasi bakótá kama míbalé balobaka na ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ. Míngi śé na káti ya bakótá bya ekólo bokoyéba etando ya bikelá, mabelé, nyama mpé nzeté. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazalí na bakombo míngi ya nzeté ya mbíla na maye manso basálelaka. Sɔ̂lɔ, nzeté ya mbíla eyébaní káka mpó na mafúta na masanga tɛ̂. Eyébaní lokóla nkísi ekosílisa makɔnɔ, naye mpé bakosála bitúnga mpé bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Mpo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpé: [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́(Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalákí banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkómbó óyo ebêngámákí [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekólo wâná, mpé ebale óyo epésáká ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimélí na yě see mɔ̌kɔ́ na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Congo belge]]'' elongákí lipanda na [[1960]], o nkómbó ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkómbó nsé mɔ̌koɔ́ na kolonia ya kala ya [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkómbó ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwamákí na [[1966]], kasi bikólo babale basilákí koyébana míngi-míngi, mpé kokesana na nkómbó ya bingumba-mikonzi ba bángo, mpó na komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpé Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima [[1965]]), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {|{{prettytable}} !Nkómbó ya kala !!Nkómbó ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|350px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] {|{{prettytable}} ! est. !! bato !! source |- | 1990 || 37 405 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- | 1991 || || |- | 1992 || || |- | 1993 || || |- | 1994 || || |- |1995 || 45 453 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1996 || 46 812 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1997 || 48 040 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1998 || || |- |1999 || || |- |2000 || 51 390 000 || (globaldefence.net) |- |2001 || 53 624 718 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2002 || 55 225 478 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2003 || 56 625 039 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2004 || 58 318 000 || (CIA World Factbook) |- |2005 || 60 085 804 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |} <br clear=all /> == Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etúká|Bitúká]] (''Provinces'' ya [[lifalansé]]). [[Kinshasa]] ezalí mboka mokonzi ya ekólo mpé efándeli ya bitúlúká bya ekólo. Ezalí na makokí ma engúmba. Bingúmba mpé bitúká biyángélámí, bizwí makokí ma koyángela yangó mɔ̌kɔ́ na mobéko mpé bikambémí na bato baye bazwamí na bitúká bike bya mbóka. Bitúká biina bia bonsɔ́mí bizalí mbóka mondɛ́lɛ́, komine, seketele mpé sefeli. Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazalí: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etúká)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' '''Mobéko Likonzi''' : * {{fr}} [[:wikisource:fr:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mobéko Likonzi]] * {{ln}} [http://www.radiookapi.net/bibliotheque.php Lois en français, constitution en lingála] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[am:ኮንጎ ዲሞክራቲክ ሪፑብሊክ]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[bg:Демократична република Конго]] [[bn:কঙ্গো (জায়ার)]] [[bs:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo - République Démocratique du Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[hu:Kongói Demokratikus Köztársaság]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Austur-Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[kg:Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratiki]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[kw:Repoblek Werinel Kongo]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[mk:Конго, Демократска Република]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Congo-Kinshasa]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[oc:Republica Democratica del Congò]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Демократическая Республика Конго]] [[sh:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[simple:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[sw:Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[th:สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก]] [[tl:Demokratikong Republika ng Congo]] [[tr:Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 8299 2006-05-29T10:57:15Z Moyogo 11 {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki| nkómbó_na_lokóta = République Démocratique du Congo<br /> Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratika <br /> Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo <br /> Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata'''| image_flag = Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg | image_coat = Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png | image_map = LocationDRCongo.png | mokáno = Bosémbo, Bobóto, Mosálá| loyémbo = [[Debout Congolais]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]]| mbóka-mokonzi = Kinshasa| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Kinshasa]]| loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] | nkómbó_mokambi = [[Joseph Kabila]] | etando = 2 345 410| etando_koleka =ya 12| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =2 E9| ndámbo_mái =3.3| population_estimate = 62 660 551| population_estimate_year=2006| population_estimate_rank=- | population_density = 27| population_density_rank=- | population_census = -| population_census_year=| GDP_PPP = -| GDP_PPP_year=-| GDP_PPP_rank=-| GDP_nominal = -| GDP_nominal_year=-| GDP_nominal_rank=-| GDP_PPP_per_capita = -| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=-| GDP_nominal_per_capita = -| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=-| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - dipanda na [[Bɛ́lɛjika]]| established_dates = <br/>- 30-06-1960 | mosɔlɔ = [[falánga ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]|currency_code=CFR| ngonga = [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] | calling_code = 243| footnotes = [[Image:Cg-map.png|290px]]| }} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwami na ndelo ya ye ya mwa [[30 yuni]] [[1960]], ekolo ya makoki, lipanda, bonsomi, ekangani mpe ekabwani te, ya bato, ya bokonzi bouti na bato mpe eponi eyamba yoko te. == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama míbalé. Nyɔ́nsɔ wâná elakísí boyébí bwa bato ya bomɛngo etondi mabelé. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpé [[kiswahili]] ezalí bakótá banɛ́nɛ banei ya ekólo, kasi bakótá kama míbalé balobaka na ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ. Míngi śé na káti ya bakótá bya ekólo bokoyéba etando ya bikelá, mabelé, nyama mpé nzeté. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazalí na bakombo míngi ya nzeté ya mbíla na maye manso basálelaka. Sɔ̂lɔ, nzeté ya mbíla eyébaní káka mpó na mafúta na masanga tɛ̂. Eyébaní lokóla nkísi ekosílisa makɔnɔ, naye mpé bakosála bitúnga mpé bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Mpo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpé: [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́(Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalákí banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkómbó óyo ebêngámákí [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekólo wâná, mpé ebale óyo epésáká ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimélí na yě see mɔ̌kɔ́ na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Congo belge]]'' elongákí lipanda na [[1960]], o nkómbó ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkómbó nsé mɔ̌koɔ́ na kolonia ya kala ya [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkómbó ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwamákí na [[1966]], kasi bikólo babale basilákí koyébana míngi-míngi, mpé kokesana na nkómbó ya bingumba-mikonzi ba bángo, mpó na komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpé Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima [[1965]]), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {|{{prettytable}} !Nkómbó ya kala !!Nkómbó ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|350px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] {|{{prettytable}} ! est. !! bato !! source |- | 1990 || 37 405 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- | 1991 || || |- | 1992 || || |- | 1993 || || |- | 1994 || || |- |1995 || 45 453 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1996 || 46 812 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1997 || 48 040 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1998 || || |- |1999 || || |- |2000 || 51 390 000 || (globaldefence.net) |- |2001 || 53 624 718 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2002 || 55 225 478 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2003 || 56 625 039 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2004 || 58 318 000 || (CIA World Factbook) |- |2005 || 60 085 804 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |} <br clear=all /> == Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etúká|Bitúká]] (''Provinces'' ya [[lifalansé]]). [[Kinshasa]] ezalí mboka mokonzi ya ekólo mpé efándeli ya bitúlúká bya ekólo. Ezalí na makokí ma engúmba. Bingúmba mpé bitúká biyángélámí, bizwí makokí ma koyángela yangó mɔ̌kɔ́ na mobéko mpé bikambémí na bato baye bazwamí na bitúká bike bya mbóka. Bitúká biina bia bonsɔ́mí bizalí mbóka mondɛ́lɛ́, komine, seketele mpé sefeli. Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazalí: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etúká)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' '''Mobéko Likonzi''' : * {{fr}} [[:wikisource:fr:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mobéko Likonzi]] * {{ln}} [http://www.radiookapi.net/bibliotheque.php Lois en français, constitution en lingála] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[am:ኮንጎ ዲሞክራቲክ ሪፑብሊክ]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[bg:Демократична република Конго]] [[bn:কঙ্গো (জায়ার)]] [[bs:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo - République Démocratique du Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[hu:Kongói Demokratikus Köztársaság]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Austur-Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[kg:Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratiki]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[kw:Repoblek Werinel Kongo]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[mk:Конго, Демократска Република]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Congo-Kinshasa]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[oc:Republica Democratica del Congò]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Демократическая Республика Конго]] [[sh:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[simple:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[sw:Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[th:สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก]] [[tl:Demokratikong Republika ng Congo]] [[tr:Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 8314 2006-05-30T07:50:01Z Moyogo 11 {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki| nkómbó_na_lokóta = République Démocratique du Congo<br /> Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratika <br /> Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo <br /> Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata'''| image_flag = Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg | image_coat = Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png | image_map = LocationDRCongo.png | mokáno = Bosémbo, Bobóto, Mosálá| loyémbo = [[Debout Congolais]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]]| mbóka-mokonzi = Kinshasa| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Kinshasa]]| loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] | nkómbó_mokambi = [[Joseph Kabila]] | etando = 2 345 410| etando_koleka =ya 12| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =2 E9| ndámbo_mái =3.3| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 62 660 551| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2006| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=23 | bato_na_etando = 27| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 182 | bato_botángi = 29,916,800| bato_botángi_mbúla= 1984| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 35,798| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 7| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 673| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 189| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - dipanda na [[Bɛ́lɛjika]]| established_dates = <br/>- 30-06-1960 | mosɔlɔ = [[falánga ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]|currency_code=CFR| ngonga = [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] | calling_code = 243| footnotes = [[Image:Cg-map.png|290px]]| }} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwami na ndelo ya ye ya mwa [[30 yuni]] [[1960]], ekolo ya makoki, lipanda, bonsomi, ekangani mpe ekabwani te, ya bato, ya bokonzi bouti na bato mpe eponi eyamba yoko te. == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama míbalé. Nyɔ́nsɔ wâná elakísí boyébí bwa bato ya bomɛngo etondi mabelé. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpé [[kiswahili]] ezalí bakótá banɛ́nɛ banei ya ekólo, kasi bakótá kama míbalé balobaka na ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ. Míngi śé na káti ya bakótá bya ekólo bokoyéba etando ya bikelá, mabelé, nyama mpé nzeté. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazalí na bakombo míngi ya nzeté ya mbíla na maye manso basálelaka. Sɔ̂lɔ, nzeté ya mbíla eyébaní káka mpó na mafúta na masanga tɛ̂. Eyébaní lokóla nkísi ekosílisa makɔnɔ, naye mpé bakosála bitúnga mpé bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Mpo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpé: [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́(Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalákí banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkómbó óyo ebêngámákí [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekólo wâná, mpé ebale óyo epésáká ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimélí na yě see mɔ̌kɔ́ na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Congo belge]]'' elongákí lipanda na [[1960]], o nkómbó ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkómbó nsé mɔ̌koɔ́ na kolonia ya kala ya [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkómbó ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwamákí na [[1966]], kasi bikólo babale basilákí koyébana míngi-míngi, mpé kokesana na nkómbó ya bingumba-mikonzi ba bángo, mpó na komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpé Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima [[1965]]), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {|{{prettytable}} !Nkómbó ya kala !!Nkómbó ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|350px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] {|{{prettytable}} ! est. !! bato !! source |- | 1990 || 37 405 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- | 1991 || || |- | 1992 || || |- | 1993 || || |- | 1994 || || |- |1995 || 45 453 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1996 || 46 812 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1997 || 48 040 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1998 || || |- |1999 || || |- |2000 || 51 390 000 || (globaldefence.net) |- |2001 || 53 624 718 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2002 || 55 225 478 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2003 || 56 625 039 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2004 || 58 318 000 || (CIA World Factbook) |- |2005 || 60 085 804 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |} <br clear=all /> == Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etúká|Bitúká]] (''Provinces'' ya [[lifalansé]]). [[Kinshasa]] ezalí mboka mokonzi ya ekólo mpé efándeli ya bitúlúká bya ekólo. Ezalí na makokí ma engúmba. Bingúmba mpé bitúká biyángélámí, bizwí makokí ma koyángela yangó mɔ̌kɔ́ na mobéko mpé bikambémí na bato baye bazwamí na bitúká bike bya mbóka. Bitúká biina bia bonsɔ́mí bizalí mbóka mondɛ́lɛ́, komine, seketele mpé sefeli. Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazalí: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etúká)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' '''Mobéko Likonzi''' : * {{fr}} [[:wikisource:fr:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mobéko Likonzi]] * {{ln}} [http://www.radiookapi.net/bibliotheque.php Lois en français, constitution en lingála] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[am:ኮንጎ ዲሞክራቲክ ሪፑብሊክ]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[bg:Демократична република Конго]] [[bn:কঙ্গো (জায়ার)]] [[bs:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo - République Démocratique du Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[hu:Kongói Demokratikus Köztársaság]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Austur-Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[kg:Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratiki]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[kw:Repoblek Werinel Kongo]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[mk:Конго, Демократска Република]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Congo-Kinshasa]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[oc:Republica Democratica del Congò]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Демократическая Республика Конго]] [[sh:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[simple:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[sw:Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[th:สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก]] [[tl:Demokratikong Republika ng Congo]] [[tr:Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 8324 2006-05-30T08:08:11Z Moyogo 11 {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki| nkómbó_na_lokóta = République Démocratique du Congo<br /> Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratika <br /> Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo <br /> Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata'''| image_flag = Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg | image_coat = Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png | image_map = LocationDRCongo.png | mokáno = Bosémbo, Bobóto, Mosálá| loyémbo = [[Debout Congolais]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]]| mbóka-mokonzi = Kinshasa| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Kinshasa]]| loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] | nkómbó_mokambi = [[Joseph Kabila]] | etando = 2 345 410| etando_limati =ya 12| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =2 E9| ndámbo_mái =3.3| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 62 660 551| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2006| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=23 | bato_na_etando = 27| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 182 | bato_botángi = 29,916,800| bato_botángi_mbúla= 1984| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 35,798| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 7| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 673| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 189| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - dipanda na [[Bɛ́lɛjika]]| established_dates = <br/>- 30-06-1960 | mosɔlɔ = [[falánga ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]|currency_code=CFR| ngonga = [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] | calling_code = 243| footnotes = [[Image:Cg-map.png|290px]]| }} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwami na ndelo ya ye ya mwa [[30 yuni]] [[1960]], ekolo ya makoki, lipanda, bonsomi, ekangani mpe ekabwani te, ya bato, ya bokonzi bouti na bato mpe eponi eyamba yoko te. == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama míbalé. Nyɔ́nsɔ wâná elakísí boyébí bwa bato ya bomɛngo etondi mabelé. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpé [[kiswahili]] ezalí bakótá banɛ́nɛ banei ya ekólo, kasi bakótá kama míbalé balobaka na ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ. Míngi śé na káti ya bakótá bya ekólo bokoyéba etando ya bikelá, mabelé, nyama mpé nzeté. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazalí na bakombo míngi ya nzeté ya mbíla na maye manso basálelaka. Sɔ̂lɔ, nzeté ya mbíla eyébaní káka mpó na mafúta na masanga tɛ̂. Eyébaní lokóla nkísi ekosílisa makɔnɔ, naye mpé bakosála bitúnga mpé bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Mpo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpé: [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́(Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalákí banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkómbó óyo ebêngámákí [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekólo wâná, mpé ebale óyo epésáká ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimélí na yě see mɔ̌kɔ́ na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Congo belge]]'' elongákí lipanda na [[1960]], o nkómbó ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkómbó nsé mɔ̌koɔ́ na kolonia ya kala ya [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkómbó ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwamákí na [[1966]], kasi bikólo babale basilákí koyébana míngi-míngi, mpé kokesana na nkómbó ya bingumba-mikonzi ba bángo, mpó na komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpé Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima [[1965]]), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {|{{prettytable}} !Nkómbó ya kala !!Nkómbó ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|350px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] {|{{prettytable}} ! est. !! bato !! source |- | 1990 || 37 405 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- | 1991 || || |- | 1992 || || |- | 1993 || || |- | 1994 || || |- |1995 || 45 453 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1996 || 46 812 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1997 || 48 040 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1998 || || |- |1999 || || |- |2000 || 51 390 000 || (globaldefence.net) |- |2001 || 53 624 718 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2002 || 55 225 478 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2003 || 56 625 039 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2004 || 58 318 000 || (CIA World Factbook) |- |2005 || 60 085 804 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |} <br clear=all /> == Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etúká|Bitúká]] (''Provinces'' ya [[lifalansé]]). [[Kinshasa]] ezalí mboka mokonzi ya ekólo mpé efándeli ya bitúlúká bya ekólo. Ezalí na makokí ma engúmba. Bingúmba mpé bitúká biyángélámí, bizwí makokí ma koyángela yangó mɔ̌kɔ́ na mobéko mpé bikambémí na bato baye bazwamí na bitúká bike bya mbóka. Bitúká biina bia bonsɔ́mí bizalí mbóka mondɛ́lɛ́, komine, seketele mpé sefeli. Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazalí: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etúká)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' '''Mobéko Likonzi''' : * {{fr}} [[:wikisource:fr:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mobéko Likonzi]] * {{ln}} [http://www.radiookapi.net/bibliotheque.php Lois en français, constitution en lingála] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[am:ኮንጎ ዲሞክራቲክ ሪፑብሊክ]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[bg:Демократична република Конго]] [[bn:কঙ্গো (জায়ার)]] [[bs:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo - République Démocratique du Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[hu:Kongói Demokratikus Köztársaság]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Austur-Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[kg:Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratiki]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[kw:Repoblek Werinel Kongo]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[mk:Конго, Демократска Република]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Congo-Kinshasa]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[oc:Republica Democratica del Congò]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Демократическая Республика Конго]] [[sh:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[simple:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[sw:Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[th:สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก]] [[tl:Demokratikong Republika ng Congo]] [[tr:Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 8340 2006-06-01T12:44:32Z 85.27.31.174 /* Jyografi */ {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki| nkómbó_na_lokóta = République Démocratique du Congo<br /> Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratika <br /> Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo <br /> Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata'''| image_flag = Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg | image_coat = Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png | image_map = LocationDRCongo.png | mokáno = Bosémbo, Bobóto, Mosálá| loyémbo = [[Debout Congolais]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]]| mbóka-mokonzi = Kinshasa| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Kinshasa]]| loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] | nkómbó_mokambi = [[Joseph Kabila]] | etando = 2 345 410| etando_limati =ya 12| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =2 E9| ndámbo_mái =3.3| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 62 660 551| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2006| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=23 | bato_na_etando = 27| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 182 | bato_botángi = 29,916,800| bato_botángi_mbúla= 1984| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 35,798| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 7| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 673| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 189| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - dipanda na [[Bɛ́lɛjika]]| established_dates = <br/>- 30-06-1960 | mosɔlɔ = [[falánga ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]|currency_code=CFR| ngonga = [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] | calling_code = 243| footnotes = [[Image:Cg-map.png|290px]]| }} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwami na ndelo ya ye ya mwa [[30 yuni]] [[1960]], ekolo ya makoki, lipanda, bonsomi, ekangani mpe ekabwani te, ya bato, ya bokonzi bouti na bato mpe eponi eyamba yoko te. == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama míbalé. Nyɔ́nsɔ wâná elakísí boyébí bwa bato ya bomɛngo etondi mabelé. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpé [[kiswahili]] ezalí bakótá banɛ́nɛ banei ya ekólo, kasi bakótá kama míbalé balobaka na ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ. Míngi śé na káti ya bakótá bya ekólo bokoyéba etando ya bikelá, mabelé, nyama mpé nzeté. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazalí na bakombo míngi ya nzeté ya mbíla na maye manso basálelaka. Sɔ̂lɔ, nzeté ya mbíla eyébaní káka mpó na mafúta na masanga tɛ̂. Eyébaní lokóla nkísi ekosílisa makɔnɔ, naye mpé bakosála bitúnga mpé bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Mpo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpé: [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́(Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalákí banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkómbó óyo ebêngámákí [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekólo wâná, mpé ebale óyo epésáká ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimélí na yě see mɔ̌kɔ́ na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Congo belge]]'' elongákí lipanda na [[1960]], o nkómbó ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkómbó nsé mɔ̌koɔ́ na kolonia ya kala ya [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkómbó ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwamákí na [[1966]], kasi bikólo babale basilákí koyébana míngi-míngi, mpé kokesana na nkómbó ya bingumba-mikonzi ba bángo, mpó na komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpé Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima [[1965]]), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {|{{prettytable}} !Nkómbó ya kala !!Nkómbó ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|350px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] {|{{prettytable}} ! est. !! bato !! source |- | 1990 || 37 405 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- | 1991 || || |- | 1992 || || |- | 1993 || || |- | 1994 || || |- |1995 || 45 453 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1996 || 46 812 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1997 || 48 040 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1998 || || |- |1999 || || |- |2000 || 51 390 000 || (globaldefence.net) |- |2001 || 53 624 718 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2002 || 55 225 478 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2003 || 56 625 039 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2004 || 58 318 000 || (CIA World Factbook) |- |2005 || 60 085 804 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |} <br clear=all /> == Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etúká|Bitúká]] (''Provinces'' ya [[lifalansé]]). [[Kinshasa]] ezalí mboka mokonzi ya ekólo mpé efándeli ya bitúlúká bya ekólo. Ezalí na makokí ma engúmba. Bingúmba mpé bitúká biyángélámí, bizwí makokí ma koyángela yangó mɔ̌kɔ́ na mobéko mpé bikambémí na bato baye bazwamí na bitúká bike bya mbóka. Bitúká biina bia bonsɔ́mí bizalí mbóka mondɛ́lɛ́, komine, seketele mpé sefeli. Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazalí: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etúká)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' '''Mobéko Likonzi''' : * {{fr}} [[:wikisource:fr:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mobéko Likonzi]] * {{ln}} [http://www.radiookapi.net/bibliotheque.php Lois en français, constitution en lingála] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.svg|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[am:ኮንጎ ዲሞክራቲክ ሪፑብሊክ]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[bg:Демократична република Конго]] [[bn:কঙ্গো (জায়ার)]] [[bs:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo - République Démocratique du Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[hu:Kongói Demokratikus Köztársaság]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Austur-Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[kg:Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratiki]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[kw:Repoblek Werinel Kongo]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[mk:Конго, Демократска Република]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Congo-Kinshasa]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[oc:Republica Democratica del Congò]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Демократическая Республика Конго]] [[sh:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[simple:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[sw:Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[th:สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก]] [[tl:Demokratikong Republika ng Congo]] [[tr:Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 8830 2006-07-12T10:19:08Z Moyogo 11 {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki| nkómbó_na_lokóta = République Démocratique du Congo<br /> Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratika <br /> Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo <br /> Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata'''| image_flag = Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg | image_coat = Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png | image_map = LocationDRCongo.png | mokáno = Bosémbo, Bobóto, Mosálá| loyémbo = [[Debout Congolais]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]]| mbóka-mokonzi = Kinshasa| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Kinshasa]]| loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] | nkómbó_mokambi = [[Joseph Kabila]] | etando = 2 345 410| etando_limati =ya 12| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =2 E9| ndámbo_mái =3.3| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 62 660 551| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2006| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=23 | bato_na_etando = 27| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 182 | bato_botángi = 29,916,800| bato_botángi_mbúla= 1984| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 35,798| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 7| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 673| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 189| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - dipanda na [[Bɛ́lɛjika]]| established_dates = <br/>- 1960-[[sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 30|06-30]]| mosɔlɔ = [[falánga ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]|currency_code=CFR| ngonga = [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] | calling_code = 243| footnotes = [[Image:Cg-map.png|290px]]| }} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwami na ndelo ya ye ya mwa [[sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 30]] [[1960]], ekolo ya makoki, lipanda, bonsomi, ekangani mpe ekabwani te, ya bato, ya bokonzi bouti na bato mpe eponi eyamba yoko te. == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama míbalé. Nyɔ́nsɔ wâná elakísí boyébí bwa bato ya bomɛngo etondi mabelé. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpé [[kiswahili]] ezalí bakótá banɛ́nɛ banei ya ekólo, kasi bakótá kama míbalé balobaka na ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ. Míngi śé na káti ya bakótá bya ekólo bokoyéba etando ya bikelá, mabelé, nyama mpé nzeté. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazalí na bakombo míngi ya nzeté ya mbíla na maye manso basálelaka. Sɔ̂lɔ, nzeté ya mbíla eyébaní káka mpó na mafúta na masanga tɛ̂. Eyébaní lokóla nkísi ekosílisa makɔnɔ, naye mpé bakosála bitúnga mpé bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Mpo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpé: [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́(Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalákí banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkómbó óyo ebêngámákí [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekólo wâná, mpé ebale óyo epésáká ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimélí na yě see mɔ̌kɔ́ na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Congo belge]]'' elongákí lipanda na [[1960]], o nkómbó ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkómbó nsé mɔ̌koɔ́ na kolonia ya kala ya [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkómbó ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwamákí na [[1966]], kasi bikólo babale basilákí koyébana míngi-míngi, mpé kokesana na nkómbó ya bingumba-mikonzi ba bángo, mpó na komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpé Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima [[1965]]), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {|{{prettytable}} !Nkómbó ya kala !!Nkómbó ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|350px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] {|{{prettytable}} ! est. !! bato !! source |- | 1990 || 37 405 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- | 1991 || || |- | 1992 || || |- | 1993 || || |- | 1994 || || |- |1995 || 45 453 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1996 || 46 812 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1997 || 48 040 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1998 || || |- |1999 || || |- |2000 || 51 390 000 || (globaldefence.net) |- |2001 || 53 624 718 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2002 || 55 225 478 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2003 || 56 625 039 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2004 || 58 318 000 || (CIA World Factbook) |- |2005 || 60 085 804 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |} <br clear=all /> == Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etúká|Bitúká]] (''Provinces'' ya [[lifalansé]]). [[Kinshasa]] ezalí mboka mokonzi ya ekólo mpé efándeli ya bitúlúká bya ekólo. Ezalí na makokí ma engúmba. Bingúmba mpé bitúká biyángélámí, bizwí makokí ma koyángela yangó mɔ̌kɔ́ na mobéko mpé bikambémí na bato baye bazwamí na bitúká bike bya mbóka. Bitúká biina bia bonsɔ́mí bizalí mbóka mondɛ́lɛ́, komine, seketele mpé sefeli. Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazalí: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etúká)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' '''Mobéko Likonzi''' : * {{fr}} [[:wikisource:fr:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mobéko Likonzi]] * {{ln}} [http://www.radiookapi.net/bibliotheque.php Lois en français, constitution en lingála] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.svg|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[am:ኮንጎ ዲሞክራቲክ ሪፑብሊክ]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[bg:Демократична република Конго]] [[bn:কঙ্গো (জায়ার)]] [[bs:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo - République Démocratique du Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[hu:Kongói Demokratikus Köztársaság]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Austur-Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[kg:Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratiki]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[kw:Repoblek Werinel Kongo]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[mk:Конго, Демократска Република]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Congo-Kinshasa]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[oc:Republica Democratica del Congò]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Демократическая Республика Конго]] [[sh:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[simple:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[sw:Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[th:สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก]] [[tl:Demokratikong Republika ng Congo]] [[tr:Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 8894 2006-07-13T13:28:52Z Moyogo 11 {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki| nkómbó_na_lokótá = République Démocratique du Congo<br /> Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratika <br /> Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo <br /> Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata'''| image_flag = Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg | image_coat = Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png | image_map = LocationDRCongo.png | mokáno = Bosémbo, Bobóto, Mosálá| loyémbo = [[Debout Congolais]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]]| mbóka-mokonzi = Kinshasa| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Kinshasa]]| loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] | nkómbó_mokambi = [[Joseph Kabila]] | etando = 2 345 410| etando_limati =ya 12| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =2 E9| ndámbo_mái =3.3| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 62 660 551| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2006| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=23 | bato_na_etando = 27| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 182 | bato_botángi = 29,916,800| bato_botángi_mbúla= 1984| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 35,798| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 7| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 673| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 189| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - dipanda na [[Bɛ́lɛjika]]| established_dates = <br/>- 1960-[[sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 30|06-30]]| mosɔlɔ = [[falánga ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]|currency_code=CFR| ngonga = [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] | calling_code = 243| footnotes = [[Image:Cg-map.png|290px]]| }} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwami na ndelo ya ye ya mwa [[sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 30]] [[1960]], ekolo ya makoki, lipanda, bonsomi, ekangani mpe ekabwani te, ya bato, ya bokonzi bouti na bato mpe eponi eyamba yoko te. == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama míbalé. Nyɔ́nsɔ wâná elakísí boyébí bwa bato ya bomɛngo etondi mabelé. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpé [[kiswahili]] ezalí bakótá banɛ́nɛ banei ya ekólo, kasi bakótá kama míbalé balobaka na ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ. Míngi śé na káti ya bakótá bya ekólo bokoyéba etando ya bikelá, mabelé, nyama mpé nzeté. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazalí na bakombo míngi ya nzeté ya mbíla na maye manso basálelaka. Sɔ̂lɔ, nzeté ya mbíla eyébaní káka mpó na mafúta na masanga tɛ̂. Eyébaní lokóla nkísi ekosílisa makɔnɔ, naye mpé bakosála bitúnga mpé bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Mpo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpé: [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́(Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalákí banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkómbó óyo ebêngámákí [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekólo wâná, mpé ebale óyo epésáká ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimélí na yě see mɔ̌kɔ́ na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Congo belge]]'' elongákí lipanda na [[1960]], o nkómbó ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkómbó nsé mɔ̌koɔ́ na kolonia ya kala ya [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkómbó ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwamákí na [[1966]], kasi bikólo babale basilákí koyébana míngi-míngi, mpé kokesana na nkómbó ya bingumba-mikonzi ba bángo, mpó na komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpé Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima [[1965]]), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {|{{prettytable}} !Nkómbó ya kala !!Nkómbó ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|350px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] {|{{prettytable}} ! est. !! bato !! source |- | 1990 || 37 405 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- | 1991 || || |- | 1992 || || |- | 1993 || || |- | 1994 || || |- |1995 || 45 453 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1996 || 46 812 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1997 || 48 040 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1998 || || |- |1999 || || |- |2000 || 51 390 000 || (globaldefence.net) |- |2001 || 53 624 718 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2002 || 55 225 478 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2003 || 56 625 039 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2004 || 58 318 000 || (CIA World Factbook) |- |2005 || 60 085 804 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |} <br clear=all /> == Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etúká|Bitúká]] (''Provinces'' ya [[lifalansé]]). [[Kinshasa]] ezalí mboka mokonzi ya ekólo mpé efándeli ya bitúlúká bya ekólo. Ezalí na makokí ma engúmba. Bingúmba mpé bitúká biyángélámí, bizwí makokí ma koyángela yangó mɔ̌kɔ́ na mobéko mpé bikambémí na bato baye bazwamí na bitúká bike bya mbóka. Bitúká biina bia bonsɔ́mí bizalí mbóka mondɛ́lɛ́, komine, seketele mpé sefeli. Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazalí: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etúká)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' '''Mobéko Likonzi''' : * {{fr}} [[:wikisource:fr:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mobéko Likonzi]] * {{ln}} [http://www.radiookapi.net/bibliotheque.php Lois en français, constitution en lingála] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.svg|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[am:ኮንጎ ዲሞክራቲክ ሪፑብሊክ]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[bg:Демократична република Конго]] [[bn:কঙ্গো (জায়ার)]] [[bs:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo - République Démocratique du Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[hu:Kongói Demokratikus Köztársaság]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Austur-Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[kg:Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratiki]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[kw:Repoblek Werinel Kongo]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[mk:Конго, Демократска Република]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Congo-Kinshasa]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[oc:Republica Democratica del Congò]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Демократическая Республика Конго]] [[sh:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[simple:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[sw:Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[th:สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก]] [[tl:Demokratikong Republika ng Congo]] [[tr:Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 8972 2006-07-28T12:32:21Z Moyogo 11 {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki| nkómbó_na_lokótá = République Démocratique du Congo<br /> Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratika <br /> Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo <br /> Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata'''| image_flag = Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg | image_coat = Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png | image_map = LocationDRCongo.png | mokáno = Bosémbo, Bobóto, Mosálá| loyémbo = [[Debout Congolais]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]]| mbóka-mokonzi = Kinshasa| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Kinshasa]]| loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] | nkómbó_mokambi = [[Joseph Kabila]] | etando = 2 345 410| etando_limati =ya 12| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =2 E9| ndámbo_mái =3.3| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 62 660 551| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2006| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=23 | bato_na_etando = 27| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 182 | bato_botángi = 29,916,800| bato_botángi_mbúla= 1984| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 35,798| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 7| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 673| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 189| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - dipanda na [[Bɛ́lɛjika]]| established_dates = <br/>- 1960-[[sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 30|06-30]]| mosɔlɔ = [[falánga ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]|currency_code=CFR| ngonga = [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] | calling_code = 243| footnotes = [[Image:Cg-map.png|290px]]| }} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezalí [[esé]] ya káti ya [[Afríka]], ezwamí na ndelo ya ye ya mwa [[sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 30]] [[1960]], ekólo ya makokí, lipanda, bonsɔ́mí, ekanganí mpé ekabwaní tɛ́, ya bato, ya bokonzi boutí na bato mpé eponi eyamba yɔ̂kɔ tɛ́. == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama míbalé. Nyɔ́nsɔ wâná elakísí boyébí bwa bato ya bomɛngo etondi mabelé. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpé [[kiswahili]] ezalí bakótá banɛ́nɛ banei ya ekólo, kasi bakótá kama míbalé balobaka na ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ. Míngi śé na káti ya bakótá bya ekólo bokoyéba etando ya bikelá, mabelé, nyama mpé nzeté. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazalí na bakombo míngi ya nzeté ya mbíla na maye manso basálelaka. Sɔ̂lɔ, nzeté ya mbíla eyébaní káka mpó na mafúta na masanga tɛ̂. Eyébaní lokóla nkísi ekosílisa makɔnɔ, naye mpé bakosála bitúnga mpé bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Mpo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpé: [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́(Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalákí banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkómbó óyo ebêngámákí [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekólo wâná, mpé ebale óyo epésáká ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimélí na yě see mɔ̌kɔ́ na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Congo belge]]'' elongákí lipanda na [[1960]], o nkómbó ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkómbó nsé mɔ̌koɔ́ na kolonia ya kala ya [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkómbó ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwamákí na [[1966]], kasi bikólo babale basilákí koyébana míngi-míngi, mpé kokesana na nkómbó ya bingumba-mikonzi ba bángo, mpó na komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpé Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima [[1965]]), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {|{{prettytable}} !Nkómbó ya kala !!Nkómbó ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|350px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] {|{{prettytable}} ! est. !! bato !! source |- | 1990 || 37 405 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- | 1991 || || |- | 1992 || || |- | 1993 || || |- | 1994 || || |- |1995 || 45 453 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1996 || 46 812 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1997 || 48 040 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1998 || || |- |1999 || || |- |2000 || 51 390 000 || (globaldefence.net) |- |2001 || 53 624 718 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2002 || 55 225 478 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2003 || 56 625 039 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2004 || 58 318 000 || (CIA World Factbook) |- |2005 || 60 085 804 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |} <br clear=all /> == Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etúká|Bitúká]] (''Provinces'' ya [[lifalansé]]). [[Kinshasa]] ezalí mboka mokonzi ya ekólo mpé efándeli ya bitúlúká bya ekólo. Ezalí na makokí ma engúmba. Bingúmba mpé bitúká biyángélámí, bizwí makokí ma koyángela yangó mɔ̌kɔ́ na mobéko mpé bikambémí na bato baye bazwamí na bitúká bike bya mbóka. Bitúká biina bia bonsɔ́mí bizalí mbóka mondɛ́lɛ́, komine, seketele mpé sefeli. Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazalí: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etúká)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' '''Mobéko Likonzi''' : * {{fr}} [[:wikisource:fr:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mobéko Likonzi]] * {{ln}} [http://www.radiookapi.net/bibliotheque.php Lois en français, constitution en lingála] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.svg|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[am:ኮንጎ ዲሞክራቲክ ሪፑብሊክ]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[bg:Демократична република Конго]] [[bn:কঙ্গো (জায়ার)]] [[bs:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo - République Démocratique du Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[hu:Kongói Demokratikus Köztársaság]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Austur-Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[kg:Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratiki]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[kw:Repoblek Werinel Kongo]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[mk:Конго, Демократска Република]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Congo-Kinshasa]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[oc:Republica Democratica del Congò]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Демократическая Республика Конго]] [[sh:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[simple:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[sw:Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[th:สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก]] [[tl:Demokratikong Republika ng Congo]] [[tr:Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 8973 2006-07-28T12:53:47Z Moyogo 11 /* [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Mankásá o libándá]] */ {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki| nkómbó_na_lokótá = République Démocratique du Congo<br /> Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratika <br /> Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo <br /> Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata'''| image_flag = Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg | image_coat = Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png | image_map = LocationDRCongo.png | mokáno = Bosémbo, Bobóto, Mosálá| loyémbo = [[Debout Congolais]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]]| mbóka-mokonzi = Kinshasa| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Kinshasa]]| loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] | nkómbó_mokambi = [[Joseph Kabila]] | etando = 2 345 410| etando_limati =ya 12| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =2 E9| ndámbo_mái =3.3| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 62 660 551| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2006| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=23 | bato_na_etando = 27| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 182 | bato_botángi = 29,916,800| bato_botángi_mbúla= 1984| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 35,798| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 7| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 673| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 189| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - dipanda na [[Bɛ́lɛjika]]| established_dates = <br/>- 1960-[[sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 30|06-30]]| mosɔlɔ = [[falánga ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]|currency_code=CFR| ngonga = [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] | calling_code = 243| footnotes = [[Image:Cg-map.png|290px]]| }} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezalí [[esé]] ya káti ya [[Afríka]], ezwamí na ndelo ya ye ya mwa [[sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 30]] [[1960]], ekólo ya makokí, lipanda, bonsɔ́mí, ekanganí mpé ekabwaní tɛ́, ya bato, ya bokonzi boutí na bato mpé eponi eyamba yɔ̂kɔ tɛ́. == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama míbalé. Nyɔ́nsɔ wâná elakísí boyébí bwa bato ya bomɛngo etondi mabelé. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpé [[kiswahili]] ezalí bakótá banɛ́nɛ banei ya ekólo, kasi bakótá kama míbalé balobaka na ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ. Míngi śé na káti ya bakótá bya ekólo bokoyéba etando ya bikelá, mabelé, nyama mpé nzeté. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazalí na bakombo míngi ya nzeté ya mbíla na maye manso basálelaka. Sɔ̂lɔ, nzeté ya mbíla eyébaní káka mpó na mafúta na masanga tɛ̂. Eyébaní lokóla nkísi ekosílisa makɔnɔ, naye mpé bakosála bitúnga mpé bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Mpo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpé: [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́(Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalákí banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkómbó óyo ebêngámákí [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekólo wâná, mpé ebale óyo epésáká ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimélí na yě see mɔ̌kɔ́ na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Congo belge]]'' elongákí lipanda na [[1960]], o nkómbó ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkómbó nsé mɔ̌koɔ́ na kolonia ya kala ya [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkómbó ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwamákí na [[1966]], kasi bikólo babale basilákí koyébana míngi-míngi, mpé kokesana na nkómbó ya bingumba-mikonzi ba bángo, mpó na komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpé Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima [[1965]]), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {|{{prettytable}} !Nkómbó ya kala !!Nkómbó ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|350px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] {|{{prettytable}} ! est. !! bato !! source |- | 1990 || 37 405 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- | 1991 || || |- | 1992 || || |- | 1993 || || |- | 1994 || || |- |1995 || 45 453 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1996 || 46 812 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1997 || 48 040 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1998 || || |- |1999 || || |- |2000 || 51 390 000 || (globaldefence.net) |- |2001 || 53 624 718 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2002 || 55 225 478 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2003 || 56 625 039 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2004 || 58 318 000 || (CIA World Factbook) |- |2005 || 60 085 804 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |} <br clear=all /> == Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etúká|Bitúká]] (''Provinces'' ya [[lifalansé]]). [[Kinshasa]] ezalí mboka mokonzi ya ekólo mpé efándeli ya bitúlúká bya ekólo. Ezalí na makokí ma engúmba. Bingúmba mpé bitúká biyángélámí, bizwí makokí ma koyángela yangó mɔ̌kɔ́ na mobéko mpé bikambémí na bato baye bazwamí na bitúká bike bya mbóka. Bitúká biina bia bonsɔ́mí bizalí mbóka mondɛ́lɛ́, komine, seketele mpé sefeli. Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazalí: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etúká)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' '''Mobéko Likonzi''' : * {{fr}} [[:wikisource:fr:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mobéko Likonzi]] * {{ln}} [http://www.radiookapi.net/bibliotheque.php Lois en français, constitution en lingála] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.svg|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[am:ኮንጎ ዲሞክራቲክ ሪፑብሊክ]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[bg:Демократична република Конго]] [[bn:কঙ্গো (জায়ার)]] [[bs:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo - République Démocratique du Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[hu:Kongói Demokratikus Köztársaság]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Austur-Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[kg:Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratiki]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[kw:Repoblek Werinel Kongo]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[mk:Конго, Демократска Република]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Congo-Kinshasa]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[oc:Republica Democratica del Congò]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Демократическая Республика Конго]] [[sh:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[simple:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[sw:Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[th:สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก]] [[tl:Demokratikong Republika ng Congo]] [[tr:Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 9050 2006-08-02T06:26:19Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: be, el, fa, la, pam, ro, ug, vi Modifie: bn {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki| nkómbó_na_lokótá = République Démocratique du Congo<br /> Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratika <br /> Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo <br /> Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata'''| image_flag = Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg | image_coat = Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png | image_map = LocationDRCongo.png | mokáno = Bosémbo, Bobóto, Mosálá| loyémbo = [[Debout Congolais]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]]| mbóka-mokonzi = Kinshasa| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Kinshasa]]| loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] | nkómbó_mokambi = [[Joseph Kabila]] | etando = 2 345 410| etando_limati =ya 12| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =2 E9| ndámbo_mái =3.3| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 62 660 551| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2006| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=23 | bato_na_etando = 27| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 182 | bato_botángi = 29,916,800| bato_botángi_mbúla= 1984| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 35,798| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 7| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 673| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 189| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - dipanda na [[Bɛ́lɛjika]]| established_dates = <br/>- 1960-[[sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 30|06-30]]| mosɔlɔ = [[falánga ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]|currency_code=CFR| ngonga = [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] | calling_code = 243| footnotes = [[Image:Cg-map.png|290px]]| }} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezalí [[esé]] ya káti ya [[Afríka]], ezwamí na ndelo ya ye ya mwa [[sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 30]] [[1960]], ekólo ya makokí, lipanda, bonsɔ́mí, ekanganí mpé ekabwaní tɛ́, ya bato, ya bokonzi boutí na bato mpé eponi eyamba yɔ̂kɔ tɛ́. == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama míbalé. Nyɔ́nsɔ wâná elakísí boyébí bwa bato ya bomɛngo etondi mabelé. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpé [[kiswahili]] ezalí bakótá banɛ́nɛ banei ya ekólo, kasi bakótá kama míbalé balobaka na ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ. Míngi śé na káti ya bakótá bya ekólo bokoyéba etando ya bikelá, mabelé, nyama mpé nzeté. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazalí na bakombo míngi ya nzeté ya mbíla na maye manso basálelaka. Sɔ̂lɔ, nzeté ya mbíla eyébaní káka mpó na mafúta na masanga tɛ̂. Eyébaní lokóla nkísi ekosílisa makɔnɔ, naye mpé bakosála bitúnga mpé bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Mpo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpé: [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́(Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalákí banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkómbó óyo ebêngámákí [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekólo wâná, mpé ebale óyo epésáká ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimélí na yě see mɔ̌kɔ́ na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Congo belge]]'' elongákí lipanda na [[1960]], o nkómbó ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkómbó nsé mɔ̌koɔ́ na kolonia ya kala ya [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkómbó ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwamákí na [[1966]], kasi bikólo babale basilákí koyébana míngi-míngi, mpé kokesana na nkómbó ya bingumba-mikonzi ba bángo, mpó na komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpé Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima [[1965]]), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {|{{prettytable}} !Nkómbó ya kala !!Nkómbó ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|350px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] {|{{prettytable}} ! est. !! bato !! source |- | 1990 || 37 405 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- | 1991 || || |- | 1992 || || |- | 1993 || || |- | 1994 || || |- |1995 || 45 453 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1996 || 46 812 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1997 || 48 040 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1998 || || |- |1999 || || |- |2000 || 51 390 000 || (globaldefence.net) |- |2001 || 53 624 718 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2002 || 55 225 478 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2003 || 56 625 039 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2004 || 58 318 000 || (CIA World Factbook) |- |2005 || 60 085 804 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |} <br clear=all /> == Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etúká|Bitúká]] (''Provinces'' ya [[lifalansé]]). [[Kinshasa]] ezalí mboka mokonzi ya ekólo mpé efándeli ya bitúlúká bya ekólo. Ezalí na makokí ma engúmba. Bingúmba mpé bitúká biyángélámí, bizwí makokí ma koyángela yangó mɔ̌kɔ́ na mobéko mpé bikambémí na bato baye bazwamí na bitúká bike bya mbóka. Bitúká biina bia bonsɔ́mí bizalí mbóka mondɛ́lɛ́, komine, seketele mpé sefeli. Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazalí: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etúká)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' '''Mobéko Likonzi''' : * {{fr}} [[:wikisource:fr:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mobéko Likonzi]] * {{ln}} [http://www.radiookapi.net/bibliotheque.php Lois en français, constitution en lingála] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.svg|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[am:ኮንጎ ዲሞክራቲክ ሪፑብሊክ]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[be:Дэмакратычная Рэспубліка Конґа]] [[bg:Демократична република Конго]] [[bn:গণতান্ত্রিক কঙ্গো প্রজাতন্ত্র]] [[bs:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[el:Λαϊκή Δημοκρατία του Κογκό]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fa:جمهوری دموکراتیک کنگو]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo - République Démocratique du Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[hu:Kongói Demokratikus Köztársaság]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Austur-Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[kg:Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratiki]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[kw:Repoblek Werinel Kongo]] [[la:Respublica Popularis Congensis]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[mk:Конго, Демократска Република]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Congo-Kinshasa]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[oc:Republica Democratica del Congò]] [[pam:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ro:Republica Democrată Congo]] [[ru:Демократическая Республика Конго]] [[sh:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[simple:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[sw:Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[th:สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก]] [[tl:Demokratikong Republika ng Congo]] [[tr:Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti]] [[ug:زايىر]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[vi:Cộng hoà Dân chủ Congo]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 9078 2006-08-07T22:37:35Z Moyogo 11 /* Likambo */ {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki| nkómbó_na_lokótá = République Démocratique du Congo<br /> Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratika <br /> Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo <br /> Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata'''| image_flag = Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg | image_coat = Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png | image_map = LocationDRCongo.png | mokáno = Bosémbo, Bobóto, Mosálá| loyémbo = [[Debout Congolais]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]]| mbóka-mokonzi = Kinshasa| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Kinshasa]]| loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] | nkómbó_mokambi = [[Joseph Kabila]] | etando = 2 345 410| etando_limati =ya 12| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =2 E9| ndámbo_mái =3.3| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 62 660 551| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2006| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=23 | bato_na_etando = 27| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 182 | bato_botángi = 29,916,800| bato_botángi_mbúla= 1984| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 35,798| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 7| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 673| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 189| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - dipanda na [[Bɛ́lɛjika]]| established_dates = <br/>- 1960-[[sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 30|06-30]]| mosɔlɔ = [[falánga ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]|currency_code=CFR| ngonga = [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] | calling_code = 243| footnotes = [[Image:Cg-map.png|290px]]| }} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezalí [[esé]] ya káti ya [[Afríka]], ezwamí na ndelo ya ye ya mwa [[sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 30]] [[1960]], ekólo ya makokí, lipanda, bonsɔ́mí, ekanganí mpé ekabwaní tɛ́, ya bato, ya bokonzi boutí na bato mpé eponi eyamba yɔ̂kɔ tɛ́. == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama míbalé. Nyɔ́nsɔ wâná elakísí boyébí bwa bato ya bomɛngo etondi mabelé. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpé [[kiswahili]] ezalí bakótá banɛ́nɛ banei ya ekólo, kasi bakótá kama míbalé balobaka na ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ. Míngi śé na káti ya bakótá bya ekólo bokoyéba etando ya bikelá, mabelé, nyama mpé nzeté. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazalí na bakombo míngi ya nzeté ya mbíla na maye manso basálelaka. Sɔ̂lɔ, nzeté ya mbíla eyébaní káka mpó na mafúta na masanga tɛ̂. Eyébaní lokóla nkísi ekosílisa makɔnɔ, naye mpé bakosála bitúnga mpé bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Mpo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpé: [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́(Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalákí banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkómbó óyo ebêngámákí [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekólo wâná, mpé ebale óyo epésáká ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimélí na yě see mɔ̌kɔ́ na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Congo belge]]'' elongákí lipanda na [[1960]], o nkómbó ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkómbó nsé mɔ̌kɔ́ na kolonia ya kala ya [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkómbó ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwamákí na [[1966]], kasi bikólo babale basilákí koyébana míngi-míngi, mpé kokesana na nkómbó ya bingumba-mikonzi ba bángo, mpó na komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpé Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima [[1965]]), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {|{{prettytable}} !Nkómbó ya kala !!Nkómbó ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|350px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] {|{{prettytable}} ! est. !! bato !! source |- | 1990 || 37 405 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- | 1991 || || |- | 1992 || || |- | 1993 || || |- | 1994 || || |- |1995 || 45 453 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1996 || 46 812 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1997 || 48 040 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1998 || || |- |1999 || || |- |2000 || 51 390 000 || (globaldefence.net) |- |2001 || 53 624 718 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2002 || 55 225 478 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2003 || 56 625 039 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2004 || 58 318 000 || (CIA World Factbook) |- |2005 || 60 085 804 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |} <br clear=all /> == Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etúká|Bitúká]] (''Provinces'' ya [[lifalansé]]). [[Kinshasa]] ezalí mboka mokonzi ya ekólo mpé efándeli ya bitúlúká bya ekólo. Ezalí na makokí ma engúmba. Bingúmba mpé bitúká biyángélámí, bizwí makokí ma koyángela yangó mɔ̌kɔ́ na mobéko mpé bikambémí na bato baye bazwamí na bitúká bike bya mbóka. Bitúká biina bia bonsɔ́mí bizalí mbóka mondɛ́lɛ́, komine, seketele mpé sefeli. Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazalí: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etúká)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' '''Mobéko Likonzi''' : * {{fr}} [[:wikisource:fr:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mobéko Likonzi]] * {{ln}} [http://www.radiookapi.net/bibliotheque.php Lois en français, constitution en lingála] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.svg|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[am:ኮንጎ ዲሞክራቲክ ሪፑብሊክ]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[be:Дэмакратычная Рэспубліка Конґа]] [[bg:Демократична република Конго]] [[bn:গণতান্ত্রিক কঙ্গো প্রজাতন্ত্র]] [[bs:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[el:Λαϊκή Δημοκρατία του Κογκό]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fa:جمهوری دموکراتیک کنگو]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo - République Démocratique du Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[hu:Kongói Demokratikus Köztársaság]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Austur-Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[kg:Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratiki]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[kw:Repoblek Werinel Kongo]] [[la:Respublica Popularis Congensis]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[mk:Конго, Демократска Република]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Congo-Kinshasa]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[oc:Republica Democratica del Congò]] [[pam:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ro:Republica Democrată Congo]] [[ru:Демократическая Республика Конго]] [[sh:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[simple:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[sw:Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[th:สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก]] [[tl:Demokratikong Republika ng Congo]] [[tr:Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti]] [[ug:زايىر]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[vi:Cộng hoà Dân chủ Congo]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 9108 2006-08-14T22:00:08Z Moyogo 11 {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki| nkómbó_na_lokótá = République Démocratique du Congo<br /> Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratika <br /> Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo <br /> Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata'''| image_flag = Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg | image_coat = Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png | image_map = LocationDRCongo.png | mokáno = Bosémbo, Bobóto, Mosálá| loyémbo = [[Debout Congolais]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]]| mbóka-mokonzi = Kinsásá| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Kinsásá]]| loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] | nkómbó_mokambi = [[Joseph Kabila]] | etando = 2 345 410| etando_limati =ya 12| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =2 E9| ndámbo_mái =3.3| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 62 660 551| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2006| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=23 | bato_na_etando = 27| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 182 | bato_botángi = 29,916,800| bato_botángi_mbúla= 1984| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 35,798| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 7| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 673| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 189| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - dipanda na [[Bɛ́lɛjika]]| established_dates = <br/>- 1960-[[sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 30|06-30]]| mosɔlɔ = [[falánga ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]|currency_code=CFR| ngonga = [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] | calling_code = 243| footnotes = [[Image:Cg-map.png|290px]]| }} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezalí [[esé]] ya káti ya [[Afríka]], ezwamí na ndelo ya ye ya mwa [[sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 30]] [[1960]], ekólo ya makokí, lipanda, bonsɔ́mí, ekanganí mpé ekabwaní tɛ́, ya bato, ya bokonzi boutí na bato mpé eponi eyamba yɔ̂kɔ tɛ́. == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama míbalé. Nyɔ́nsɔ wâná elakísí boyébí bwa bato ya bomɛngo etondi mabelé. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpé [[kiswahili]] ezalí bakótá banɛ́nɛ banei ya ekólo, kasi bakótá kama míbalé balobaka na ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ. Míngi śé na káti ya bakótá bya ekólo bokoyéba etando ya bikelá, mabelé, nyama mpé nzeté. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazalí na bakombo míngi ya nzeté ya mbíla na maye manso basálelaka. Sɔ̂lɔ, nzeté ya mbíla eyébaní káka mpó na mafúta na masanga tɛ̂. Eyébaní lokóla nkísi ekosílisa makɔnɔ, naye mpé bakosála bitúnga mpé bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Mpo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpé: [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́(Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalákí banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkómbó óyo ebêngámákí [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekólo wâná, mpé ebale óyo epésáká ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimélí na yě see mɔ̌kɔ́ na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Congo belge]]'' elongákí lipanda na [[1960]], o nkómbó ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkómbó nsé mɔ̌kɔ́ na kolonia ya kala ya [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkómbó ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwamákí na [[1966]], kasi bikólo babale basilákí koyébana míngi-míngi, mpé kokesana na nkómbó ya bingumba-mikonzi ba bángo, mpó na komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpé Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima [[1965]]), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {|{{prettytable}} !Nkómbó ya kala !!Nkómbó ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|350px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] {|{{prettytable}} ! est. !! bato !! source |- | 1990 || 37 405 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- | 1991 || || |- | 1992 || || |- | 1993 || || |- | 1994 || || |- |1995 || 45 453 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1996 || 46 812 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1997 || 48 040 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1998 || || |- |1999 || || |- |2000 || 51 390 000 || (globaldefence.net) |- |2001 || 53 624 718 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2002 || 55 225 478 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2003 || 56 625 039 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2004 || 58 318 000 || (CIA World Factbook) |- |2005 || 60 085 804 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |} <br clear=all /> == Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etúká|Bitúká]] (''Provinces'' ya [[lifalansé]]). [[Kinshasa]] ezalí mboka mokonzi ya ekólo mpé efándeli ya bitúlúká bya ekólo. Ezalí na makokí ma engúmba. Bingúmba mpé bitúká biyángélámí, bizwí makokí ma koyángela yangó mɔ̌kɔ́ na mobéko mpé bikambémí na bato baye bazwamí na bitúká bike bya mbóka. Bitúká biina bia bonsɔ́mí bizalí mbóka mondɛ́lɛ́, komine, seketele mpé sefeli. Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazalí: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etúká)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' '''Mobéko Likonzi''' : * {{fr}} [[:wikisource:fr:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mobéko Likonzi]] * {{ln}} [http://www.radiookapi.net/bibliotheque.php Lois en français, constitution en lingála] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.svg|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[am:ኮንጎ ዲሞክራቲክ ሪፑብሊክ]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[be:Дэмакратычная Рэспубліка Конґа]] [[bg:Демократична република Конго]] [[bn:গণতান্ত্রিক কঙ্গো প্রজাতন্ত্র]] [[bs:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[el:Λαϊκή Δημοκρατία του Κογκό]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fa:جمهوری دموکراتیک کنگو]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo - République Démocratique du Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[hu:Kongói Demokratikus Köztársaság]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Austur-Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[kg:Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratiki]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[kw:Repoblek Werinel Kongo]] [[la:Respublica Popularis Congensis]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[mk:Конго, Демократска Република]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Congo-Kinshasa]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[oc:Republica Democratica del Congò]] [[pam:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ro:Republica Democrată Congo]] [[ru:Демократическая Республика Конго]] [[sh:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[simple:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[sw:Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[th:สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก]] [[tl:Demokratikong Republika ng Congo]] [[tr:Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti]] [[ug:زايىر]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[vi:Cộng hoà Dân chủ Congo]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 9149 2006-08-23T07:40:10Z 83.227.27.181 {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki| nkómbó_na_lokótá = République Démocratique du Congo<br /> Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratika <br /> Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo <br /> Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata'''| image_flag = Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg | image_coat = Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png | image_map = LocationDRCongo.png | mokáno = Bosémbo, Bobóto, Mosálá| loyémbo = [[Debout Congolais]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]]| mbóka-mokonzi = Kinsásá| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Kinsásá]]| loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] | nkómbó_mokambi = [[Joseph Kabila]] | etando = 2 345 410| etando_limati =ya 12| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =2 E9| ndámbo_mái =3.3| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 62 660 551| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2006| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=23 | bato_na_etando = 27| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 182 | bato_botángi = 29,916,800| bato_botángi_mbúla= 1984| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 35,798| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 7| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 673| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 189| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - dipanda na [[Bɛ́lɛjika]]| established_dates = <br/>- 1960-[[sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 30|06-30]]| mosɔlɔ = [[falánga ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]|currency_code=CFR| ngonga = [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] | calling_code = 243| footnotes = [[Image:Congo_Rep_Dem_carte.gif|290px]]| }}mapya yaliyopangwa]] '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezalí [[esé]] ya káti ya [[Afríka]], ezwamí na ndelo ya ye ya mwa [[sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 30]] [[1960]], ekólo ya makokí, lipanda, bonsɔ́mí, ekanganí mpé ekabwaní tɛ́, ya bato, ya bokonzi boutí na bato mpé eponi eyamba yɔ̂kɔ tɛ́. == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama míbalé. Nyɔ́nsɔ wâná elakísí boyébí bwa bato ya bomɛngo etondi mabelé. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpé [[kiswahili]] ezalí bakótá banɛ́nɛ banei ya ekólo, kasi bakótá kama míbalé balobaka na ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ. Míngi śé na káti ya bakótá bya ekólo bokoyéba etando ya bikelá, mabelé, nyama mpé nzeté. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazalí na bakombo míngi ya nzeté ya mbíla na maye manso basálelaka. Sɔ̂lɔ, nzeté ya mbíla eyébaní káka mpó na mafúta na masanga tɛ̂. Eyébaní lokóla nkísi ekosílisa makɔnɔ, naye mpé bakosála bitúnga mpé bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Mpo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpé: [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́(Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalákí banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkómbó óyo ebêngámákí [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekólo wâná, mpé ebale óyo epésáká ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimélí na yě see mɔ̌kɔ́ na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Congo belge]]'' elongákí lipanda na [[1960]], o nkómbó ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkómbó nsé mɔ̌kɔ́ na kolonia ya kala ya [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkómbó ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwamákí na [[1966]], kasi bikólo babale basilákí koyébana míngi-míngi, mpé kokesana na nkómbó ya bingumba-mikonzi ba bángo, mpó na komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpé Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima [[1965]]), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {|{{prettytable}} !Nkómbó ya kala !!Nkómbó ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|350px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] {|{{prettytable}} ! est. !! bato !! source |- | 1990 || 37 405 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- | 1991 || || |- | 1992 || || |- | 1993 || || |- | 1994 || || |- |1995 || 45 453 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1996 || 46 812 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1997 || 48 040 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1998 || || |- |1999 || || |- |2000 || 51 390 000 || (globaldefence.net) |- |2001 || 53 624 718 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2002 || 55 225 478 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2003 || 56 625 039 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2004 || 58 318 000 || (CIA World Factbook) |- |2005 || 60 085 804 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |} <br clear=all /> == Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etúká|Bitúká]] (''Provinces'' ya [[lifalansé]]). [[Kinshasa]] ezalí mboka mokonzi ya ekólo mpé efándeli ya bitúlúká bya ekólo. Ezalí na makokí ma engúmba. Bingúmba mpé bitúká biyángélámí, bizwí makokí ma koyángela yangó mɔ̌kɔ́ na mobéko mpé bikambémí na bato baye bazwamí na bitúká bike bya mbóka. Bitúká biina bia bonsɔ́mí bizalí mbóka mondɛ́lɛ́, komine, seketele mpé sefeli. Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazalí: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etúká)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' '''Mobéko Likonzi''' : * {{fr}} [[:wikisource:fr:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mobéko Likonzi]] * {{ln}} [http://www.radiookapi.net/bibliotheque.php Lois en français, constitution en lingála] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.svg|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[am:ኮንጎ ዲሞክራቲክ ሪፑብሊክ]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[be:Дэмакратычная Рэспубліка Конґа]] [[bg:Демократична република Конго]] [[bn:গণতান্ত্রিক কঙ্গো প্রজাতন্ত্র]] [[bs:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[el:Λαϊκή Δημοκρατία του Κογκό]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fa:جمهوری دموکراتیک کنگو]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo - République Démocratique du Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[hu:Kongói Demokratikus Köztársaság]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Austur-Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[kg:Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratiki]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[kw:Repoblek Werinel Kongo]] [[la:Respublica Popularis Congensis]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[mk:Конго, Демократска Република]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Congo-Kinshasa]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[oc:Republica Democratica del Congò]] [[pam:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ro:Republica Democrată Congo]] [[ru:Демократическая Республика Конго]] [[sh:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[simple:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[sw:Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[th:สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก]] [[tl:Demokratikong Republika ng Congo]] [[tr:Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti]] [[ug:زايىر]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[vi:Cộng hoà Dân chủ Congo]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 9184 2006-08-27T20:13:25Z Moyogo 11 infobox ? {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki| nkómbó_na_lokótá = République Démocratique du Congo<br /> Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratika <br /> Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo <br /> Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata'''| image_flag = Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg | image_coat = Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png | image_map = LocationDRCongo.png | mokáno = Bosémbo, Bobóto, Mosálá| loyémbo = [[Debout Congolais]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]]| mbóka-mokonzi = Kinsásá| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Kinsásá]]| loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] | nkómbó_mokambi = [[Joseph Kabila]] | etando = 2 345 410| etando_limati =ya 12| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =2 E9| ndámbo_mái =3.3| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 62 660 551| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2006| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=23 | bato_na_etando = 27| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 182 | bato_botángi = 29,916,800| bato_botángi_mbúla= 1984| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 35,798| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 7| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 673| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 189| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - dipanda na [[Bɛ́lɛjika]]| established_dates = <br/>- 1960-[[sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 30|06-30]]| mosɔlɔ = [[falánga ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]|currency_code=CFR| ngonga = [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] | calling_code = 243| footnotes = [[Image:Congo_Rep_Dem_carte.gif|290px]]| }} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezalí [[esé]] ya káti ya [[Afríka]], ezwamí na ndelo ya ye ya mwa [[sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 30]] [[1960]], ekólo ya makokí, lipanda, bonsɔ́mí, ekanganí mpé ekabwaní tɛ́, ya bato, ya bokonzi boutí na bato mpé eponi eyamba yɔ̂kɔ tɛ́. == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama míbalé. Nyɔ́nsɔ wâná elakísí boyébí bwa bato ya bomɛngo etondi mabelé. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpé [[kiswahili]] ezalí bakótá banɛ́nɛ banei ya ekólo, kasi bakótá kama míbalé balobaka na ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ. Míngi śé na káti ya bakótá bya ekólo bokoyéba etando ya bikelá, mabelé, nyama mpé nzeté. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazalí na bakombo míngi ya nzeté ya mbíla na maye manso basálelaka. Sɔ̂lɔ, nzeté ya mbíla eyébaní káka mpó na mafúta na masanga tɛ̂. Eyébaní lokóla nkísi ekosílisa makɔnɔ, naye mpé bakosála bitúnga mpé bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Mpo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpé: [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́(Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalákí banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkómbó óyo ebêngámákí [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekólo wâná, mpé ebale óyo epésáká ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimélí na yě see mɔ̌kɔ́ na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Congo belge]]'' elongákí lipanda na [[1960]], o nkómbó ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkómbó nsé mɔ̌kɔ́ na kolonia ya kala ya [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkómbó ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwamákí na [[1966]], kasi bikólo babale basilákí koyébana míngi-míngi, mpé kokesana na nkómbó ya bingumba-mikonzi ba bángo, mpó na komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpé Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima [[1965]]), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {|{{prettytable}} !Nkómbó ya kala !!Nkómbó ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|350px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] {|{{prettytable}} ! est. !! bato !! source |- | 1990 || 37 405 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- | 1991 || || |- | 1992 || || |- | 1993 || || |- | 1994 || || |- |1995 || 45 453 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1996 || 46 812 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1997 || 48 040 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1998 || || |- |1999 || || |- |2000 || 51 390 000 || (globaldefence.net) |- |2001 || 53 624 718 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2002 || 55 225 478 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2003 || 56 625 039 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2004 || 58 318 000 || (CIA World Factbook) |- |2005 || 60 085 804 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |} <br clear=all /> == Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etúká|Bitúká]] (''Provinces'' ya [[lifalansé]]). [[Kinshasa]] ezalí mboka mokonzi ya ekólo mpé efándeli ya bitúlúká bya ekólo. Ezalí na makokí ma engúmba. Bingúmba mpé bitúká biyángélámí, bizwí makokí ma koyángela yangó mɔ̌kɔ́ na mobéko mpé bikambémí na bato baye bazwamí na bitúká bike bya mbóka. Bitúká biina bia bonsɔ́mí bizalí mbóka mondɛ́lɛ́, komine, seketele mpé sefeli. Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazalí: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etúká)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' '''Mobéko Likonzi''' : * {{fr}} [[:wikisource:fr:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mobéko Likonzi]] * {{ln}} [http://www.radiookapi.net/bibliotheque.php Lois en français, constitution en lingála] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Bulamatari''' : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.svg|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[am:ኮንጎ ዲሞክራቲክ ሪፑብሊክ]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[be:Дэмакратычная Рэспубліка Конґа]] [[bg:Демократична република Конго]] [[bn:গণতান্ত্রিক কঙ্গো প্রজাতন্ত্র]] [[bs:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[el:Λαϊκή Δημοκρατία του Κογκό]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fa:جمهوری دموکراتیک کنگو]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo - République Démocratique du Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[hu:Kongói Demokratikus Köztársaság]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Austur-Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[kg:Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratiki]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[kw:Repoblek Werinel Kongo]] [[la:Respublica Popularis Congensis]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[mk:Конго, Демократска Република]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Congo-Kinshasa]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[oc:Republica Democratica del Congò]] [[pam:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ro:Republica Democrată Congo]] [[ru:Демократическая Республика Конго]] [[sh:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[simple:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[sw:Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[th:สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก]] [[tl:Demokratikong Republika ng Congo]] [[tr:Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti]] [[ug:زايىر]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[vi:Cộng hoà Dân chủ Congo]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 9790 2006-11-18T13:45:47Z Moyogo 11 /* Politiki */ {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki| nkómbó_na_lokótá = République Démocratique du Congo<br /> Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratika <br /> Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo <br /> Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata'''| image_flag = Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg | image_coat = Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png | image_map = LocationDRCongo.png | mokáno = Bosémbo, Bobóto, Mosálá| loyémbo = [[Debout Congolais]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]]| mbóka-mokonzi = Kinsásá| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Kinsásá]]| loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] | nkómbó_mokambi = [[Joseph Kabila]] | etando = 2 345 410| etando_limati =ya 12| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =2 E9| ndámbo_mái =3.3| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 62 660 551| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2006| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=23 | bato_na_etando = 27| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 182 | bato_botángi = 29,916,800| bato_botángi_mbúla= 1984| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 35,798| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 7| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 673| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 189| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - dipanda na [[Bɛ́lɛjika]]| established_dates = <br/>- 1960-[[sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 30|06-30]]| mosɔlɔ = [[falánga ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]|currency_code=CFR| ngonga = [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] | calling_code = 243| footnotes = [[Image:Congo_Rep_Dem_carte.gif|290px]]| }} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezalí [[esé]] ya káti ya [[Afríka]], ezwamí na ndelo ya ye ya mwa [[sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 30]] [[1960]], ekólo ya makokí, lipanda, bonsɔ́mí, ekanganí mpé ekabwaní tɛ́, ya bato, ya bokonzi boutí na bato mpé eponi eyamba yɔ̂kɔ tɛ́. == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama míbalé. Nyɔ́nsɔ wâná elakísí boyébí bwa bato ya bomɛngo etondi mabelé. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpé [[kiswahili]] ezalí bakótá banɛ́nɛ banei ya ekólo, kasi bakótá kama míbalé balobaka na ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ. Míngi śé na káti ya bakótá bya ekólo bokoyéba etando ya bikelá, mabelé, nyama mpé nzeté. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazalí na bakombo míngi ya nzeté ya mbíla na maye manso basálelaka. Sɔ̂lɔ, nzeté ya mbíla eyébaní káka mpó na mafúta na masanga tɛ̂. Eyébaní lokóla nkísi ekosílisa makɔnɔ, naye mpé bakosála bitúnga mpé bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Mpo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpé: [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́(Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalákí banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkómbó óyo ebêngámákí [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekólo wâná, mpé ebale óyo epésáká ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimélí na yě see mɔ̌kɔ́ na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Congo belge]]'' elongákí lipanda na [[1960]], o nkómbó ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkómbó nsé mɔ̌kɔ́ na kolonia ya kala ya [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkómbó ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwamákí na [[1966]], kasi bikólo babale basilákí koyébana míngi-míngi, mpé kokesana na nkómbó ya bingumba-mikonzi ba bángo, mpó na komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpé Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima [[1965]]), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {|{{prettytable}} !Nkómbó ya kala !!Nkómbó ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|350px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] {|{{prettytable}} ! est. !! bato !! source |- | 1990 || 37 405 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- | 1991 || || |- | 1992 || || |- | 1993 || || |- | 1994 || || |- |1995 || 45 453 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1996 || 46 812 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1997 || 48 040 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1998 || || |- |1999 || || |- |2000 || 51 390 000 || (globaldefence.net) |- |2001 || 53 624 718 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2002 || 55 225 478 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2003 || 56 625 039 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2004 || 58 318 000 || (CIA World Factbook) |- |2005 || 60 085 804 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |} <br clear=all /> == Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etúká|Bitúká]] (''Provinces'' ya [[lifalansé]]). [[Kinshasa]] ezalí mboka mokonzi ya ekólo mpé efándeli ya bitúlúká bya ekólo. Ezalí na makokí ma engúmba. Bingúmba mpé bitúká biyángélámí, bizwí makokí ma koyángela yangó mɔ̌kɔ́ na mobéko mpé bikambémí na bato baye bazwamí na bitúká bike bya mbóka. Bitúká biina bia bonsɔ́mí bizalí mbóka mondɛ́lɛ́, komine, seketele mpé sefeli. Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazalí: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etúká)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' '''Mobéko Likonzi''' : * {{fr}} [[:wikisource:fr:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mobéko Likonzi]] * {{ln}} [http://www.radiookapi.net/bibliotheque.php Lois en français, constitution en lingála] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Lɛ́ta : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.svg|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[am:ኮንጎ ዲሞክራቲክ ሪፑብሊክ]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[be:Дэмакратычная Рэспубліка Конґа]] [[bg:Демократична република Конго]] [[bn:গণতান্ত্রিক কঙ্গো প্রজাতন্ত্র]] [[bs:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[el:Λαϊκή Δημοκρατία του Κογκό]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fa:جمهوری دموکراتیک کنگو]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo - République Démocratique du Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[hu:Kongói Demokratikus Köztársaság]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Austur-Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[kg:Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratiki]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[kw:Repoblek Werinel Kongo]] [[la:Respublica Popularis Congensis]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[mk:Конго, Демократска Република]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Congo-Kinshasa]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[oc:Republica Democratica del Congò]] [[pam:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ro:Republica Democrată Congo]] [[ru:Демократическая Республика Конго]] [[sh:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[simple:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[sw:Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[th:สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก]] [[tl:Demokratikong Republika ng Congo]] [[tr:Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti]] [[ug:زايىر]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[vi:Cộng hoà Dân chủ Congo]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] 9944 2006-12-10T20:31:22Z 71.244.247.174 {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki| nkómbó_na_lokótá = République Démocratique du Congo<br /> Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratika <br /> Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo <br /> Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata'''| image_flag = Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg | image_coat = Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png | image_map = LocationDRCongo.png | mokáno = Bosémbo, Bobóto, Mosálá| loyémbo = [[Debout Congolais]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[ciluba]], [[kikɔ́ngɔ]]| mbóka-mokonzi = Kinsásá| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Kinsásá]]| loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] | nkómbó_mokambi = [[Joseph Kabila]] | etando = 2 345 410| etando_limati =ya 12| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =2 E9| ndámbo_mái =3.3| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 62 660 551| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2006| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=23 | bato_na_etando = 27| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 182 | bato_botángi = 29,916,800| bato_botángi_mbúla= 1984| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 35,798| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 7| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 673| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 189| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - dipanda na [[Bɛ́lɛjika]]| established_dates = <br/>- 1960-[[sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 30|06-30]]| mosɔlɔ = [[falánga ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]|currency_code=CFR| ngonga = [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] | calling_code = 243| footnotes = [[Image:Congo_Rep_Dem_carte.gif|290px]]| }} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezalí [[esé]] ya [[Afríka]] ya [[Mambénga]], ezwamí na ndelo ya ye ya mwa [[sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 30]] [[1960]], ekólo ya makokí, lipanda, bonsɔ́mí, ekanganí mpé ekabwaní tɛ́, ya bato, ya bokonzi boutí na bato mpé eponi eyamba yɔ̂kɔ tɛ́. == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama míbalé. Nyɔ́nsɔ wâná elakísí boyébí bwa bato ya bomɛngo etondi mabelé. [[Ciluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpé [[kiswahili]] ezalí bakótá banɛ́nɛ banei ya ekólo, kasi bakótá kama míbalé balobaka na ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ. Míngi śé na káti ya bakótá bya ekólo bokoyéba etando ya bikelá, mabelé, nyama mpé nzeté. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazalí na bakombo míngi ya nzeté ya mbíla na maye manso basálelaka. Sɔ̂lɔ, nzeté ya mbíla eyébaní káka mpó na mafúta na masanga tɛ̂. Eyébaní lokóla nkísi ekosílisa makɔnɔ, naye mpé bakosála bitúnga mpé bikila kila. == Likambo == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Mpo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpé: [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́(Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]]'' <!-- Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. --> '''Zaïre''' ezalákí banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkómbó óyo ebêngámákí [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekólo wâná, mpé ebale óyo epésáká ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimélí na yě see mɔ̌kɔ́ na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Congo belge]]'' elongákí lipanda na [[1960]], o nkómbó ya « '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ''' », nkómbó nsé mɔ̌kɔ́ na kolonia ya kala ya [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. Nkómbó ya '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki''' ezwamákí na [[1966]], kasi bikólo babale basilákí koyébana míngi-míngi, mpé kokesana na nkómbó ya bingumba-mikonzi ba bángo, mpó na komibengama Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Léopoldville]] (mpé Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Kinshasa]] na sima [[1965]]), na Kɔ́ngɔ-[[Brazzaville]]. <!-- Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : --> {|{{prettytable}} !Nkómbó ya kala !!Nkómbó ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville |||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville |||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville |||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville ||| [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville ||| [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville ||| [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville ||| [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga ||| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg ||| [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers ||| [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui ||| [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville ||| [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis ||| [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville ||| [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville ||| [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville ||| [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville ||| [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville ||| [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha ||| [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville ||| [[Djokupunda]] |} <!-- Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) --> == Bato == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[:fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|350px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] {|{{prettytable}} ! est. !! bato !! source |- | 1990 || 37 405 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- | 1991 || || |- | 1992 || || |- | 1993 || || |- | 1994 || || |- |1995 || 45 453 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1996 || 46 812 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1997 || 48 040 000 || (UNHCR [[Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ]]) |- |1998 || || |- |1999 || || |- |2000 || 51 390 000 || (globaldefence.net) |- |2001 || 53 624 718 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2002 || 55 225 478 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2003 || 56 625 039 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |- |2004 || 58 318 000 || (CIA World Factbook) |- |2005 || 60 085 804 || (yuli; CIA World Factbook) |} <br clear=all /> == Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' Biteni mikonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa mibengami [[Etúká|Bitúká]] (''Provinces'' ya [[lifalansé]]). [[Kinshasa]] ezalí mboka mokonzi ya ekólo mpé efándeli ya bitúlúká bya ekólo. Ezalí na makokí ma engúmba. Bingúmba mpé bitúká biyángélámí, bizwí makokí ma koyángela yangó mɔ̌kɔ́ na mobéko mpé bikambémí na bato baye bazwamí na bitúká bike bya mbóka. Bitúká biina bia bonsɔ́mí bizalí mbóka mondɛ́lɛ́, komine, seketele mpé sefeli. Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazalí: # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etúká)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' '''Mobéko Likonzi''' : * {{fr}} [[:wikisource:fr:Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo|Mobéko Likonzi]] * {{ln}} [http://www.radiookapi.net/bibliotheque.php Lois en français, constitution en lingála] '''Bakambi Ekolo''' : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - lɛlɔ́. [[Joseph Kabila]] '''Bakambi Lɛ́ta : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Jyografi == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.svg|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutani o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Jyografi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Ekonomi == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Ekonomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopémi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Ntembe |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tála mpé== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[Mankásá o libándá]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] * [http://www.groupelavenir.net/lingala.htm/ L'Avenir - Basango na Lingala] <br clear="all"/> {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[af:Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo]] [[am:ኮንጎ ዲሞክራቲክ ሪፑብሊክ]] [[an:Republica Democratica d'o Congo]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[ast:República Democrática del Congo]] [[be:Дэмакратычная Рэспубліка Конґа]] [[bg:Демократична република Конго]] [[bn:গণতান্ত্রিক কঙ্গো প্রজাতন্ত্র]] [[bs:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ca:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[el:Λαϊκή Δημοκρατία του Κογκό]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fa:جمهوری دموکراتیک کنگو]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:República Democrática do Congo - République Démocratique du Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hr:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[hu:Kongói Demokratikus Köztársaság]] [[ia:Republica Democratic del Congo]] [[id:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[is:Austur-Kongó]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[kg:Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratiki]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[kw:Repoblek Werinel Kongo]] [[la:Respublica Popularis Congensis]] [[li:Kongo (Kinshasa)]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[mk:Конго, Демократска Република]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[na:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Congo-Kinshasa]] [[nn:Kongo]] [[no:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[oc:Republica Democratica del Congò]] [[pam:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ro:Republica Democrată Congo]] [[ru:Демократическая Республика Конго]] [[sh:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[simple:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[sk:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sq:Republika Demokratike e Kongos]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[sw:Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[th:สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก]] [[tl:Demokratikong Republika ng Congo]] [[tr:Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti]] [[ug:زايىر]] [[uk:Конго, Демократична Республіка]] [[vi:Cộng hoà Dân chủ Congo]] [[zh:刚果民主共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok]] Category:Lokótá 1046 4614 2005-02-07T19:05:18Z 80.218.21.70 liste de langues 5840 2005-07-29T21:17:45Z 83.76.14.71 + interwiki liste de langues [[af:Kategorie:Natuurlike taal]] [[als:Kategorie:Schprôche]] [[an:Category:Luengas]] [[ang:Category:Sprǽc]] [[ar:تصنيف:لغات]] [[ast:Category:Llingües]] [[bg:Категория:Езици]] [[bm:Catégorie:Kan]] [[ca:Categoria:Llengües]] [[cs:Kategorie:Jazyky]] [[da:Kategori:Sprog]] [[de:Kategorie:Sprache]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Γλώσσες]] [[en:Category:Languages]] [[eo:Kategorio:Lingvo]] [[es:Categoría:Lenguas]] [[et:Kategooria:Keeled]] [[eu:Category:Hizkuntzak]] [[fi:Luokka:Kielet]] [[fr:Catégorie:Langue]] [[hu:Kategória:Nyelvek]] [[io:Category:Lingui]] [[is:Flokkur:Tungumál]] [[it:Categoria:Lingue]] [[ja:Category:言語]] [[jbo:Category:Bangu]] [[ka:კატეგორია:მსოფლიოს ენები]] [[la:Categoria:Linguae]] [[lb:Category:Sproochen]] [[li:Kategorie:Tale]] [[lt:Category:Kalbotyra]] [[lv:Category:Valodas]] [[na:Category:Ekakairũ]] [[nds:Kategorie:Spraak]] [[nl:Categorie:Natuurlijke taal]] [[nn:Kategori:Språk]] [[no:Kategori:Språk]] [[pl:Kategoria:Języki świata]] [[pt:Categoria:Línguas]] [[rm:Category:Linguatgs]] [[ro:Categorie:Limbi]] [[ru:Категория:Языки]] [[simple:Category:Languages]] [[sk:Kategória:Jazyky]] [[sl:Category:Jeziki]] [[sv:Kategori:Språk]] [[th:Category:ภาษา]] [[tr:Kategori:Dil]] [[vi:Category:Ngôn ngữ]] [[zh:Category:语言]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Gí-giân]] Category:Afrika 1047 4615 2005-02-07T19:07:41Z 80.218.21.70 tout ce qui a un rapport avec l'afrique 7316 2005-12-13T12:56:27Z 160.85.2.50 cat tout ce qui a un rapport avec l'afrique [[category:Jyografi]] [[category:Historia]] 7561 2006-01-09T17:13:27Z Miaow Miaow 51 +interwiki tout ce qui a un rapport avec l'afrique [[category:Jyografi]] [[category:Historia]] [[af:Kategorie:Afrika]] [[ast:Category:África]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Афрыка]] [[ca:Categoria:Àfrica]] [[cs:Kategorie:Afrika]] [[cy:Category:Affrica]] [[da:Kategori:Afrika]] [[de:Kategorie:Afrika]] [[et:Kategooria:Aafrika]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Αφρική]] [[en:Category:Africa]] [[es:Categoría:África]] [[eo:Kategorio:Afriko]] [[eu:Category:Afrika]] [[fr:Catégorie:Afrique]] [[gl:Category:África]] [[ko:분류:아프리카]] [[io:Category:Afrika]] [[id:Kategori:Afrika]] [[it:Categoria:Africa]] [[ka:კატეგორია:აფრიკა]] [[kw:Category:Afrika]] [[sw:Category:Afrika]] [[la:Categoria:Africa]] [[hu:Kategória:Afrika]] [[ms:Category:Afrika]] [[na:Category:Africa]] [[nl:Categorie:Afrika]] [[nds:Kategorie:Afrika]] [[ja:Category:アフリカ]] [[no:Kategori:Afrika]] [[nn:Kategori:Afrika]] [[os:Category:Африкæ]] [[pl:Kategoria:Afryka]] [[pt:Categoria:África]] [[ro:Categorie:Africa]] [[ru:Категория:Африка]] [[scn:Category:Africa]] [[sr:Категорија:Африка]] [[fi:Luokka:Afrikka]] [[sv:Kategori:Afrika]] [[tr:Kategori:Afrika]] [[zh:Category:非洲]] 9668 2006-11-07T20:48:19Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: an, ar, bg, bs, co, fa, fo, frp, fy, he, hi, is, kg, lb, li, lv, mk, nap, oc, se, sh, simple, sk, sl, sq, ta, th, tk, uk, vi, xh, zh-min-nan, zh-yue tout ce qui a un rapport avec l'afrique [[category:Jyografi]] [[category:Historia]] [[af:Kategorie:Afrika]] [[an:Categoría:Africa]] [[ar:تصنيف:أفريقيا]] [[ast:Categoría:África]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Афрыка]] [[bg:Категория:Африка]] [[bs:Kategorija:Afrika]] [[ca:Categoria:Àfrica]] [[co:Category:Africa]] [[cs:Kategorie:Afrika]] [[cy:Categori:Affrica]] [[da:Kategori:Afrika]] [[de:Kategorie:Afrika]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Αφρική]] [[en:Category:Africa]] [[eo:Kategorio:Afriko]] [[es:Categoría:África]] [[et:Kategooria:Aafrika]] [[eu:Kategoria:Afrika]] [[fa:رده:آفریقا]] [[fi:Luokka:Afrikka]] [[fo:Bólkur:Afrika]] [[fr:Catégorie:Afrique]] [[frp:Category:Africa]] [[fy:Kategory:Afrika]] [[gl:Category:África]] [[he:קטגוריה:אפריקה]] [[hi:श्रेणी:अफ़्रीका]] [[hu:Kategória:Afrika]] [[id:Kategori:Afrika]] [[io:Category:Afrika]] [[is:Flokkur:Afríka]] [[it:Categoria:Africa]] [[ja:Category:アフリカ]] [[ka:კატეგორია:აფრიკა]] [[kg:Category:Afelika]] [[ko:분류:아프리카]] [[kw:Category:Afrika]] [[la:Categoria:Africa]] [[lb:Category:Afrika]] [[li:Kategorie:Afrika]] [[lv:Kategorija:Āfrika]] [[mk:Категорија:Африка]] [[ms:Kategori:Afrika]] [[na:Category:Africa]] [[nap:Categoria:Africa]] [[nds:Kategorie:Afrika]] [[nl:Categorie:Afrika]] [[nn:Kategori:Afrika]] [[no:Kategori:Afrika]] [[oc:Categoria:Africa]] [[os:Категори:Африкæ]] [[pl:Kategoria:Afryka]] [[pt:Categoria:África]] [[ro:Categorie:Africa]] [[ru:Категория:Африка]] [[scn:Category:Africa]] [[se:Category:Afrihkká]] [[sh:Category:Afrika]] [[simple:Category:Africa]] [[sk:Kategória:Afrika]] [[sl:Kategorija:Afrika]] [[sq:Category:Afrikë]] [[sr:Категорија:Африка]] [[sv:Kategori:Afrika]] [[sw:Category:Afrika]] [[ta:பகுப்பு:ஆப்பிரிக்கா]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:ทวีปแอฟริกา]] [[tk:Category:Afrika]] [[tr:Kategori:Afrika]] [[uk:Категорія:Африка]] [[vi:Thể loại:Châu Phi]] [[xh:Category:Afrika]] [[zh:Category:非洲]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Hui-chiu]] [[zh-yue:Category:非洲]] 9846 2006-11-24T13:58:06Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[hr:Kategorija:Afrika]] tout ce qui a un rapport avec l'afrique [[category:Jyografi]] [[category:Historia]] [[af:Kategorie:Afrika]] [[an:Categoría:Africa]] [[ar:تصنيف:أفريقيا]] [[ast:Categoría:África]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Афрыка]] [[bg:Категория:Африка]] [[bs:Kategorija:Afrika]] [[ca:Categoria:Àfrica]] [[co:Category:Africa]] [[cs:Kategorie:Afrika]] [[cy:Categori:Affrica]] [[da:Kategori:Afrika]] [[de:Kategorie:Afrika]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Αφρική]] [[en:Category:Africa]] [[eo:Kategorio:Afriko]] [[es:Categoría:África]] [[et:Kategooria:Aafrika]] [[eu:Kategoria:Afrika]] [[fa:رده:آفریقا]] [[fi:Luokka:Afrikka]] [[fo:Bólkur:Afrika]] [[fr:Catégorie:Afrique]] [[frp:Category:Africa]] [[fy:Kategory:Afrika]] [[gl:Category:África]] [[he:קטגוריה:אפריקה]] [[hi:श्रेणी:अफ़्रीका]] [[hr:Kategorija:Afrika]] [[hu:Kategória:Afrika]] [[id:Kategori:Afrika]] [[io:Category:Afrika]] [[is:Flokkur:Afríka]] [[it:Categoria:Africa]] [[ja:Category:アフリカ]] [[ka:კატეგორია:აფრიკა]] [[kg:Category:Afelika]] [[ko:분류:아프리카]] [[kw:Category:Afrika]] [[la:Categoria:Africa]] [[lb:Category:Afrika]] [[li:Kategorie:Afrika]] [[lv:Kategorija:Āfrika]] [[mk:Категорија:Африка]] [[ms:Kategori:Afrika]] [[na:Category:Africa]] [[nap:Categoria:Africa]] [[nds:Kategorie:Afrika]] [[nl:Categorie:Afrika]] [[nn:Kategori:Afrika]] [[no:Kategori:Afrika]] [[oc:Categoria:Africa]] [[os:Категори:Африкæ]] [[pl:Kategoria:Afryka]] [[pt:Categoria:África]] [[ro:Categorie:Africa]] [[ru:Категория:Африка]] [[scn:Category:Africa]] [[se:Category:Afrihkká]] [[sh:Category:Afrika]] [[simple:Category:Africa]] [[sk:Kategória:Afrika]] [[sl:Kategorija:Afrika]] [[sq:Category:Afrikë]] [[sr:Категорија:Африка]] [[sv:Kategori:Afrika]] [[sw:Category:Afrika]] [[ta:பகுப்பு:ஆப்பிரிக்கா]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:ทวีปแอฟริกา]] [[tk:Category:Afrika]] [[tr:Kategori:Afrika]] [[uk:Категорія:Африка]] [[vi:Thể loại:Châu Phi]] [[xh:Category:Afrika]] [[zh:Category:非洲]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Hui-chiu]] [[zh-yue:Category:非洲]] 9888 2006-11-27T20:26:25Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[so:Category:Afrika]] tout ce qui a un rapport avec l'afrique [[category:Jyografi]] [[category:Historia]] [[af:Kategorie:Afrika]] [[an:Categoría:Africa]] [[ar:تصنيف:أفريقيا]] [[ast:Categoría:África]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Афрыка]] [[bg:Категория:Африка]] [[bs:Kategorija:Afrika]] [[ca:Categoria:Àfrica]] [[co:Category:Africa]] [[cs:Kategorie:Afrika]] [[cy:Categori:Affrica]] [[da:Kategori:Afrika]] [[de:Kategorie:Afrika]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Αφρική]] [[en:Category:Africa]] [[eo:Kategorio:Afriko]] [[es:Categoría:África]] [[et:Kategooria:Aafrika]] [[eu:Kategoria:Afrika]] [[fa:رده:آفریقا]] [[fi:Luokka:Afrikka]] [[fo:Bólkur:Afrika]] [[fr:Catégorie:Afrique]] [[frp:Category:Africa]] [[fy:Kategory:Afrika]] [[gl:Category:África]] [[he:קטגוריה:אפריקה]] [[hi:श्रेणी:अफ़्रीका]] [[hr:Kategorija:Afrika]] [[hu:Kategória:Afrika]] [[id:Kategori:Afrika]] [[io:Category:Afrika]] [[is:Flokkur:Afríka]] [[it:Categoria:Africa]] [[ja:Category:アフリカ]] [[ka:კატეგორია:აფრიკა]] [[kg:Category:Afelika]] [[ko:분류:아프리카]] [[kw:Category:Afrika]] [[la:Categoria:Africa]] [[lb:Category:Afrika]] [[li:Kategorie:Afrika]] [[lv:Kategorija:Āfrika]] [[mk:Категорија:Африка]] [[ms:Kategori:Afrika]] [[na:Category:Africa]] [[nap:Categoria:Africa]] [[nds:Kategorie:Afrika]] [[nl:Categorie:Afrika]] [[nn:Kategori:Afrika]] [[no:Kategori:Afrika]] [[oc:Categoria:Africa]] [[os:Категори:Африкæ]] [[pl:Kategoria:Afryka]] [[pt:Categoria:África]] [[ro:Categorie:Africa]] [[ru:Категория:Африка]] [[scn:Category:Africa]] [[se:Category:Afrihkká]] [[sh:Category:Afrika]] [[simple:Category:Africa]] [[sk:Kategória:Afrika]] [[sl:Kategorija:Afrika]] [[so:Category:Afrika]] [[sq:Category:Afrikë]] [[sr:Категорија:Африка]] [[sv:Kategori:Afrika]] [[sw:Category:Afrika]] [[ta:பகுப்பு:ஆப்பிரிக்கா]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:ทวีปแอฟริกา]] [[tk:Category:Afrika]] [[tr:Kategori:Afrika]] [[uk:Категорія:Африка]] [[vi:Thể loại:Châu Phi]] [[xh:Category:Afrika]] [[zh:Category:非洲]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Hui-chiu]] [[zh-yue:Category:非洲]] FAQ 1048 4616 2005-02-08T13:47:03Z Andre Engels 15 FAQ moved to Wikipedia:FAQ #REDIRECT [[Wikipedia:FAQ]] User:Andre Engels 1049 4617 2005-02-08T13:47:12Z Andre Engels 15 Je suis un utilisateur interwiki du Wikipedia neerlandais. [[nl:Gebruiker:Andre Engels]] [[en:User:Andre Engels]] 9502 2006-10-15T07:41:25Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: af, als, am, an, ang, ar, ast, av, az, bat-smg, be, bg, bi, bm, bn, bo, br, bs, ca, ceb, chr, co, cr, cs, csb, cv, cy, da, de, dv, dz, el, eo, es, et, eu, fa, fi, fiu-vro, fj, fo, fr, frp, fur, fy, ga, gd, gl, gn, got, gu, gv, haw, he, Je suis un utilisateur interwiki du Wikipedia neerlandais. [[af:Gebruiker:Andre Engels]] [[als:Benutzer:Andre Engels]] [[am:User:Andre Engels]] [[an:Usuario:Andre Engels]] [[ang:User:Andre Engels]] [[ar:مستخدم:Andre Engels]] [[ast:Usuariu:Andre Engels]] [[av:Участник:Andre Engels]] [[az:İstifadəçi:Andre Engels]] [[bat-smg:Naudotojas:Andre Engels]] [[be:Удзельнік:Andre Engels]] [[bg:Потребител:Andre Engels]] [[bi:User:Andre Engels]] [[bm:Utilisateur:Andre Engels]] [[bn:ব্যবহারকারী:Andre Engels]] [[bo:User:Andre Engels]] [[br:Implijer:Andre Engels]] [[bs:Korisnik:Andre Engels]] [[ca:Usuari:Andre Engels]] [[ceb:User:Andre Engels]] [[chr:User:Andre Engels]] [[co:User:Andre Engels]] [[cr:User:Andre Engels]] [[cs:Wikipedista:Andre Engels]] [[csb:Brëkòwnik:Andre Engels]] [[cv:Хутшăнакан:Andre Engels]] [[cy:Defnyddiwr:Andre Engels]] [[da:Bruger:Andre Engels]] [[de:Benutzer:Andre Engels]] [[dv:User:Andre Engels]] [[dz:User:Andre Engels]] [[el:Χρήστης:Andre Engels]] [[en:User:Andre Engels]] [[eo:Vikipediisto:Andre Engels]] [[es:Usuario:Andre Engels]] [[et:Kasutaja:Andre Engels]] [[eu:Lankide:Andre Engels]] [[fa:کاربر:Andre Engels]] [[fi:Käyttäjä:Andre Engels]] [[fiu-vro:User:Andre Engels]] [[fj:User:Andre Engels]] [[fo:Brúkari:Andre Engels]] [[fr:Utilisateur:Andre Engels]] [[frp:User:Andre Engels]] [[fur:Utent:Andre Engels]] [[fy:Meidogger:Andre Engels]] [[ga:Úsáideoir:Andre Engels]] [[gd:User:Andre Engels]] [[gl:User:Andre Engels]] [[gn:Usuario:Andre Engels]] [[got:User:Andre Engels]] [[gu:User:Andre Engels]] [[gv:User:Andre Engels]] [[haw:User:Andre Engels]] [[he:משתמש:Andre Engels]] [[hi:सदस्य:Andre Engels]] [[hr:Suradnik:Andre Engels]] [[ht:User:Andre Engels]] [[hu:User:Andre Engels]] [[hy:User:Andre Engels]] [[ia:Usator:Andre Engels]] [[id:Pengguna:Andre Engels]] [[ie:User:Andre Engels]] [[ii:User:Andre Engels]] [[ilo:User:Andre Engels]] [[io:User:Andre Engels]] [[is:Notandi:Andre Engels]] [[it:Utente:Andre Engels]] [[iu:User:Andre Engels]] [[ja:利用者:Andre Engels]] [[jbo:User:Andre Engels]] [[jv:Panganggo:Andre Engels]] [[ka:მომხმარებელი:Andre Engels]] [[kg:User:Andre Engels]] [[kk:User:Andre Engels]] [[km:User:Andre Engels]] [[kn:ಸದಸ್ಯ:Andre Engels]] [[ko:사용자:Andre Engels]] [[ks:User:Andre Engels]] [[ksh:User:Andre Engels]] [[ku:Bikarhêner:Andre Engels]] [[kw:User:Andre Engels]] [[ky:User:Andre Engels]] [[la:Usor:Andre Engels]] [[lad:User:Andre Engels]] [[lb:User:Andre Engels]] [[li:Gebroeker:Andre Engels]] [[lij:User:Andre Engels]] [[lmo:User:Andre Engels]] [[lt:Naudotojas:Andre Engels]] [[lv:Lietotājs:Andre Engels]] [[mg:User:Andre Engels]] [[mi:User:Andre Engels]] [[mk:Корисник:Andre Engels]] [[ml:User:Andre Engels]] [[mn:User:Andre Engels]] [[mo:User:Andre Engels]] [[mr:User:Andre Engels]] [[ms:Pengguna:Andre Engels]] [[mt:User:Andre Engels]] [[na:User:Andre Engels]] [[nah:Usuario:Andre Engels]] [[nap:Utente:Andre Engels]] [[nds:Bruker:Andre Engels]] [[nds-nl:Gebruker:Andre Engels]] [[ne:User:Andre Engels]] [[nl:Gebruiker:Andre Engels]] [[nn:Brukar:Andre Engels]] [[no:Bruker:Andre Engels]] [[nrm:User:Andre Engels]] [[nv:Choinish'įįhí:Andre Engels]] [[oc:Utilisator:Andre Engels]] [[os:Архайæг:Andre Engels]] [[pam:User:Andre Engels]] [[pdc:User:Andre Engels]] [[pi:User:Andre Engels]] [[pl:Wikipedysta:Andre Engels]] [[ps:User:Andre Engels]] [[pt:Usuário:Andre Engels]] [[qu:Usuario:Andre Engels]] [[rm:User:Andre Engels]] [[ro:Utilizator:Andre Engels]] [[roa-rup:User:Andre Engels]] [[ru:Участник:Andre Engels]] [[sa:User:Andre Engels]] [[sc:Utente:Andre Engels]] [[scn:User:Andre Engels]] [[sco:User:Andre Engels]] [[se:User:Andre Engels]] [[sh:User:Andre Engels]] [[si:User:Andre Engels]] [[simple:User:Andre Engels]] [[sk:Redaktor:Andre Engels]] [[sl:Uporabnik:Andre Engels]] [[sm:User:Andre Engels]] [[sn:User:Andre Engels]] [[sq:Përdoruesi:Andre Engels]] [[sr:Корисник:Andre Engels]] [[st:User:Andre Engels]] [[su:Pamaké:Andre Engels]] [[sv:Användare:Andre Engels]] [[sw:User:Andre Engels]] [[ta:பயனர்:Andre Engels]] [[te:సభ్యుడు:Andre Engels]] [[tet:User:Andre Engels]] [[tg:Корбар:Andre Engels]] [[th:ผู้ใช้:Andre Engels]] [[ti:User:Andre Engels]] [[tk:User:Andre Engels]] [[tl:User:Andre Engels]] [[tpi:User:Andre Engels]] [[tr:Kullanıcı:Andre Engels]] [[tt:Äğzä:Andre Engels]] [[udm:Викиавтор:Andre Engels]] [[ug:User:Andre Engels]] [[uk:Користувач:Andre Engels]] [[ur:صارف:Andre Engels]] [[uz:User:Andre Engels]] [[vec:Utente:Andre Engels]] [[vi:Thành viên:Andre Engels]] [[vls:User:Andre Engels]] [[vo:User:Andre Engels]] [[wa:Uzeu:Andre Engels]] [[war:User:Andre Engels]] [[wo:User:Andre Engels]] [[xh:User:Andre Engels]] [[yi:באַניצער:Andre Engels]] [[yo:User:Andre Engels]] [[zh:User:Andre Engels]] [[zh-min-nan:User:Andre Engels]] [[zh-yue:User:Andre Engels]] Lokótá 1051 2269 2005-02-21T11:21:55Z 195.65.169.21 Ici manque un article général sur les langues ---- Cette liste temporaire vous permet l'accès aux articles suivants pour les créer ou les améliorer. Elle sera effacé le moment donné. * [[lingala]] * [[kikongo]] * [[swahili]] ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] 2272 2005-02-21T11:23:34Z 195.65.169.21 Ici manque un article général sur les langues ---- Cette liste temporaire vous permet l'accès aux articles suivants pour les créer ou les améliorer. Elle sera effacé le moment donné. * [[lingala]] * [[kikongo]] * [[swahili]] * [[tshiluba]] ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] 2308 2005-03-02T02:36:39Z Moyogo 11 Ici manque un article général sur les langues ---- Cette liste temporaire vous permet l'accès aux articles suivants pour les créer ou les améliorer. Elle sera effacé le moment donné. * [[lingála]] * [[kikongo]] * [[swahili]] * [[tshiluba]] ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] 2603 2005-03-05T23:51:23Z Bombo 12 Ici manque un article général sur les langues ---- Cette liste temporaire vous permet l'accès aux articles suivants pour les créer ou les améliorer. Elle sera effacé le moment donné. * [[lingála]] * [[kikongo]] * [[kiswahili]] * [[tshiluba]] ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] 2604 2005-04-30T08:21:07Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Spraakfamiliar.png|thumb]] Ici manque un article général sur les langues ---- Cette liste temporaire vous permet l'accès aux articles suivants pour les créer ou les améliorer. Elle sera effacé le moment donné. * [[lingála]] * [[kikongo]] * [[kiswahili]] * [[tshiluba]] ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] 2605 2005-04-30T08:21:47Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Spraakfamiliar.png|thumb]] [[Image:Afro-Asiatic.png|thumb]] Ici manque un article général sur les langues ---- Cette liste temporaire vous permet l'accès aux articles suivants pour les créer ou les améliorer. Elle sera effacé le moment donné. * [[lingála]] * [[kikongo]] * [[kiswahili]] * [[tshiluba]] ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] 2606 2005-04-30T08:27:05Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Spraakfamiliar.png|thumb]] [[Image:Afro-Asiatic.png|thumb]] Ici manque un article général sur les langues ---- Cette liste temporaire vous permet l'accès aux articles suivants pour les créer ou les améliorer. Elle sera effacé le moment donné. * [[lingála]] * [[kikongo]] * [[kiswahili]] * [[tshiluba]] ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[de:Sprache]] [[fr:langue]] [[en:language]] 2607 2005-04-30T08:31:37Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Spraakfamiliar.png|thumb]] [[Image:Afro-Asiatic.png|thumb]] Ici manque un article général sur les langues voir aussi [[ndingá (monɔkɔ ya mboka)]] ---- Cette liste temporaire vous permet l'accès aux articles suivants pour les créer ou les améliorer. Elle sera effacé le moment donné. * [[lingála]] * [[kikongo]] * [[kiswahili]] * [[tshiluba]] ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[de:Sprache]] [[fr:langue]] [[en:language]] 2608 2005-04-30T08:37:55Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Spraakfamiliar.png|thumb]] [[Image:Afro-Asiatic.png|thumb]] Ici manque un article général sur les langues voir aussi [[ndingá (monɔkɔ ya mboka)]] ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? - classification linguistique - où est-ce qu'on la parle? - spécialités grammaticales - histoire linguistique - sons - bibliographie >> voir come exemple: [[en:lingala]] Cette liste temporaire vous permet l'accès aux articles suivants pour les créer ou les améliorer. Elle sera effacé le moment donné. * [[lingála]] * [[kikongo]] * [[kiswahili]] * [[tshiluba]] ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[de:Sprache]] [[fr:langue]] [[en:language]] 2613 2005-04-30T08:40:53Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Spraakfamiliar.png|thumb]] [[Image:Afro-Asiatic.png|thumb]] Ici manque un article général sur les langues voir aussi [[ndingá (monɔkɔ ya mboka)]] ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language ---- Cette liste temporaire vous permet l'accès aux articles suivants pour les créer ou les améliorer. Elle sera effacé le moment donné. * [[lingála]] * [[kikongo]] * [[kiswahili]] * [[tshiluba]] ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[de:Sprache]] [[fr:langue]] [[en:language]] 2647 2005-04-30T08:50:52Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Spraakfamiliar.png|thumb]] [[Image:Afro-Asiatic.png|thumb]] Ici manque un article général sur les langues voir aussi [[ndingá (monɔkɔ ya mboka)]] ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple en anglais: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language >> voir come exemple en alémanique: http://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala ---- Cette liste temporaire vous permet l'accès aux articles suivants pour les créer ou les améliorer. Elle sera effacé le moment donné. * [[lingála]] * [[kikongo]] * [[kiswahili]] * [[tshiluba]] ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[de:Sprache]] [[fr:langue]] [[en:language]] 2691 2005-05-11T04:38:41Z Moyogo 11 +{{ndómba}}, tshiluba -> ciluba [[Image:Spraakfamiliar.png|thumb]] [[Image:Afro-Asiatic.png|thumb]] {{ndomba}} Ici manque un article général sur les langues voir aussi [[ndingá (monɔkɔ ya mboka)]] ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple en anglais: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language >> voir come exemple en alémanique: http://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala ---- Cette liste temporaire vous permet l'accès aux articles suivants pour les créer ou les améliorer. Elle sera effacé le moment donné. * [[lingála]] * [[kikongo]] * [[kiswahili]] * [[ciluba]] ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[de:Sprache]] [[fr:langue]] [[en:language]] 2698 2005-05-31T18:13:22Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:Spraakfamiliar.png|thumb]] [[Image:Afro-Asiatic.png|thumb]] {{Ndambo}} Ici manque un article général sur les langues voir aussi [[ndingá (monɔkɔ ya mboka)]] ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple en anglais: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language >> voir come exemple en alémanique: http://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala ---- Cette liste temporaire vous permet l'accès aux articles suivants pour les créer ou les améliorer. Elle sera effacé le moment donné. * [[lingála]] * [[kikongo]] * [[kiswahili]] * [[ciluba]] ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[de:Sprache]] [[fr:langue]] [[en:language]] 4619 2005-05-31T20:02:23Z Moyogo 11 + [[lifalansé]], [[lingɛlɛ́sa]] [[Image:Spraakfamiliar.png|thumb]] [[Image:Afro-Asiatic.png|thumb]] {{Ndambo}} Ici manque un article général sur les langues voir aussi [[ndingá (monɔkɔ ya mboka)]] ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple en anglais: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language >> voir come exemple en alémanique: http://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala ---- Cette liste temporaire vous permet l'accès aux articles suivants pour les créer ou les améliorer. Elle sera effacé le moment donné. * [[lingála]] * [[kikongo]] * [[kiswahili]] * [[ciluba]] * [[lifalansé]] * [[lingɛlɛ́sa]] ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[de:Sprache]] [[fr:langue]] [[en:language]] 6028 2005-08-27T13:08:18Z 80.218.77.97 [[Image:Spraakfamiliar.png|thumb]] [[Image:Afro-Asiatic.png|thumb]] {{Ndambo}} Ici manque un article général sur les langues voir aussi [[ndingá (monɔkɔ ya mboka)]] ---- == Comment améliorer? == Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple en anglais: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language >> voir come exemple en alémanique: http://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala ---- == Langues du Congo == Cette liste temporaire vous permet l'accès aux articles suivants pour les créer ou les améliorer. Elle sera effacé le moment donné. * [[lingála]] * [[kikongo]] * [[kiswahili]] * [[ciluba]] * [[lifalansé]] * [[lingɛlɛ́sa]] == Langues du monde == * Afrikansi * Belarusi * Bengali * Bork * Breton * Corsican * Elmer Fudd * Guarani * Guyarati * Hihakeri * Interlingua * Kanada * Katalani * Kazakh * Kialemani * Kiamariki * Kiarabi * Kiarmenya * Kiazerbayani * Kibaske * Kibiyari * Kibosinia * Kibulgaria * Kidanemark * Kiengelesi * Kiespanyola * Kiestonia * Kifalama * Kifalansi * Kifarose * Kifelandi * Kifrisi * Kigaeliki * Kigalicia * kigrek * Kihindi * Kikambodia * Kikorea * Kikroasia * Kilabania * Kilatini * Kilatvia * Kilingoni * Kimalasi * Kimalayalami * Kimalta * Kimarati * Kimasedonia * Kindonesi * Kiosita * Kipersi * Kipoloni * Kiportugesa * Kiportugesa (Brazil) * Kipunzabi * Kirlande * Kirumani * Kirusi * Kiserbia * Kisindi * Kisinwazi (kikulutu) * Kisinwazi (ya pepele) * kisipelanto * Kislanda * Kisolovaki * Kisoloveni * Kisomali * Kisundanesi * Kisverge * Kisverige * Kiswahili * Kitagalog * Kitaliano * Kitelugu * kitseki * Kiukrenia * Kiungaria * Kiurdu * Kiusibeki * Kivietnami * Kiwelesi * Kiyapani * Kiyava * Kiyuda * Kizorzi * Kurdish * Kyrgyz * Lingala * Lituani * Mutu Ya Laos * Mutu Ya Mongoli * Nepali * Nynorsk * Oriya * Pashto * Pig Latini * Quechua * Romansh * Serbo-Kroatia * Sesotho * Shona * Sinalese * Tajik * Tamili * Tatar * Thai * Tigirinya * Tonga * Turk * Turkmen * Twi * Uighur * Xhosa * Yiddish * Yoruba * Zulu ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[de:Sprache]] [[fr:langue]] [[en:language]] 6463 2005-10-10T15:43:45Z 160.85.2.50 [[Image:Spraakfamiliar.png|thumb]] [[Image:Afro-Asiatic.png|thumb]] Ici manque un article général sur les langues voir aussi [[ndingá (monɔkɔ ya mboka)]] ---- == Comment améliorer? == Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple en anglais: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language >> voir come exemple en alémanique: http://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala ---- == Langues du Congo == Cette liste temporaire vous permet l'accès aux articles suivants pour les créer ou les améliorer. Elle sera effacé le moment donné. * [[lingála]] * [[kikongo]] * [[kiswahili]] * [[ciluba]] * [[lifalansé]] * [[lingɛlɛ́sa]] == Langues du monde == * Afrikansi * Belarusi * Bengali * Bork * Breton * Corsican * Elmer Fudd * Guarani * Guyarati * Hihakeri * Interlingua * Kanada * Katalani * Kazakh * Kialemani * Kiamariki * Kiarabi * Kiarmenya * Kiazerbayani * Kibaske * Kibiyari * Kibosinia * Kibulgaria * Kidanemark * Kiengelesi * Kiespanyola * Kiestonia * Kifalama * Kifalansi * Kifarose * Kifelandi * Kifrisi * Kigaeliki * Kigalicia * kigrek * Kihindi * Kikambodia * Kikorea * Kikroasia * Kilabania * Kilatini * Kilatvia * Kilingoni * Kimalasi * Kimalayalami * Kimalta * Kimarati * Kimasedonia * Kindonesi * Kiosita * Kipersi * Kipoloni * Kiportugesa * Kiportugesa (Brazil) * Kipunzabi * Kirlande * Kirumani * Kirusi * Kiserbia * Kisindi * Kisinwazi (kikulutu) * Kisinwazi (ya pepele) * kisipelanto * Kislanda * Kisolovaki * Kisoloveni * Kisomali * Kisundanesi * Kisverge * Kisverige * Kiswahili * Kitagalog * Kitaliano * Kitelugu * kitseki * Kiukrenia * Kiungaria * Kiurdu * Kiusibeki * Kivietnami * Kiwelesi * Kiyapani * Kiyava * Kiyuda * Kizorzi * Kurdish * Kyrgyz * Lingala * Lituani * Mutu Ya Laos * Mutu Ya Mongoli * Nepali * Nynorsk * Oriya * Pashto * Pig Latini * Quechua * Romansh * Serbo-Kroatia * Sesotho * Shona * Sinalese * Tajik * Tamili * Tatar * Thai * Tigirinya * Tonga * Turk * Turkmen * Twi * Uighur * Xhosa * Yiddish * Yoruba * Zulu ---- {{Ndambo}} [[Category:Lokótá]] [[de:Sprache]] [[fr:langue]] [[en:language]] 6466 2005-10-10T16:24:03Z Moyogo 11 /* Nkóta ya Mokili */ [[Image:Spraakfamiliar.png|thumb]] [[Image:Afro-Asiatic.png|thumb]] Ici manque un article général sur les langues voir aussi [[ndingá (monɔkɔ ya mboka)]] ---- == Comment améliorer? == Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple en anglais: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language >> voir come exemple en alémanique: http://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala ---- == Langues du Congo == Cette liste temporaire vous permet l'accès aux articles suivants pour les créer ou les améliorer. Elle sera effacé le moment donné. * [[lingála]] * [[kikongo]] * [[kiswahili]] * [[ciluba]] * [[lifalansé]] * [[lingɛlɛ́sa]] == Nkóta ya Mokili == * [[Afrikansi]] * [[Belarusi]] * [[Bengali]] * [[Breton]] * [[Guarani]] * [[Guyarati]] * [[Hihakeri]] * [[Interlingua]] * [[Kanada]] * [[Katalani]] * [[Kazakh]] * [[Kiswahili]] * [[Korsikani]] * [[Lialemani]] * [[Liamariki]] * [[Liarabi]] * [[Liarmenya]] * [[Liazerbayani]] * [[Libaske]] * [[Libiyari]] * [[Libosinia]] * [[Libulgaria]] * [[Lidanɛsi]] * [[Lingɛlɛsi]] * [[Lispanyoli]] * [[Liestonia]] * [[Lifalama]] * [[Lifalansé]] * [[Lifarose]] * [[Lifelandi]] * [[Lifrisi]] * [[Ligaeliki]] * [[Ligalisi]] * [[Ligrek]] * [[Lihindi]] * [[Likambodia]] * [[Likorea]] * [[Likroasia]] * [[Lilabania]] * [[Lilatini]] * [[Lilatvia]] * [[Lilingoni]] * [[Limalasi]] * [[Limalayalami]] * [[Limalta]] * [[Limarati]] * [[Limasedonia]] * [[Lindonɛsi]] * [[Liosita]] * [[Lipersi]] * [[Lipoloni]] * [[Liportugesa]] * [[Lipunzabi]] * [[Lirlande]] * [[Lirumani]] * [[Lirusi]] * [[Liserbia]] * [[Liserbo-kroati]] * [[Lisindi]] * [[Lisinwazi]] * [[Lisipelanto]] * [[Lislanda]] * [[Lisolovaki]] * [[Lisoloveni]] * [[Lisomali]] * [[Lisundanɛsi]] * [[Lisverge]] * [[Lisverige]] * [[Litagalog]] * [[Litaliano]] * [[Litelugu]] * [[Litseki]] * [[Liukrenia]] * [[Liungaria]] * [[Liurdu]] * [[Liusibeki]] * [[Livietnami]] * [[Liwɛlɛsi]] * [[Liyapani]] * [[Liyava]] * [[Liyuda]] * [[Lizorzi]] * [[Kurdish]] * [[Kyrgyz]] * [[Laosi]] * [[Lingála]] * [[Lituani]] * [[Mongoli]] * [[Nepali]] * [[Nynorsk]] * [[Oriya]] * [[Pashto]] * [[Pig Latini]] * [[Kweshwa]] * [[Romansh]] * [[Sesotho]] * [[Shona]] * [[Sinalese]] * [[Tajik]] * [[Tamili]] * [[Tatar]] * [[Thai]] * [[Tigirinya]] * [[Tonga]] * [[Turk]] * [[Turkmen]] * [[Twi]] * [[Uighur]] * [[Xhosa]] * [[Yiddish]] * [[Yorubá]] * [[Zulu]] ---- ---- {{Ndambo}} [[Category:Lokótá]] [[de:Sprache]] [[fr:langue]] [[en:language]] 6467 2005-10-10T18:56:34Z Moyogo 11 /* Langues du Congo */ [[Image:Spraakfamiliar.png|thumb]] [[Image:Afro-Asiatic.png|thumb]] Ici manque un article général sur les langues voir aussi [[ndingá (monɔkɔ ya mboka)]] ---- == Comment améliorer? == Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple en anglais: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language >> voir come exemple en alémanique: http://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala ---- == Langues du Congo == Cette liste temporaire vous permet l'accès aux articles suivants pour les créer ou les améliorer. Elle sera effacé le moment donné. * [[lingála]] * [[kikongo]] * [[kiswahili]] * [[ciluba]] * [[lifalansé]] * [[lingɛlɛsi]] == Nkóta ya Mokili == * [[Afrikansi]] * [[Belarusi]] * [[Bengali]] * [[Breton]] * [[Guarani]] * [[Guyarati]] * [[Hihakeri]] * [[Interlingua]] * [[Kanada]] * [[Katalani]] * [[Kazakh]] * [[Kiswahili]] * [[Korsikani]] * [[Lialemani]] * [[Liamariki]] * [[Liarabi]] * [[Liarmenya]] * [[Liazerbayani]] * [[Libaske]] * [[Libiyari]] * [[Libosinia]] * [[Libulgaria]] * [[Lidanɛsi]] * [[Lingɛlɛsi]] * [[Lispanyoli]] * [[Liestonia]] * [[Lifalama]] * [[Lifalansé]] * [[Lifarose]] * [[Lifelandi]] * [[Lifrisi]] * [[Ligaeliki]] * [[Ligalisi]] * [[Ligrek]] * [[Lihindi]] * [[Likambodia]] * [[Likorea]] * [[Likroasia]] * [[Lilabania]] * [[Lilatini]] * [[Lilatvia]] * [[Lilingoni]] * [[Limalasi]] * [[Limalayalami]] * [[Limalta]] * [[Limarati]] * [[Limasedonia]] * [[Lindonɛsi]] * [[Liosita]] * [[Lipersi]] * [[Lipoloni]] * [[Liportugesa]] * [[Lipunzabi]] * [[Lirlande]] * [[Lirumani]] * [[Lirusi]] * [[Liserbia]] * [[Liserbo-kroati]] * [[Lisindi]] * [[Lisinwazi]] * [[Lisipelanto]] * [[Lislanda]] * [[Lisolovaki]] * [[Lisoloveni]] * [[Lisomali]] * [[Lisundanɛsi]] * [[Lisverge]] * [[Lisverige]] * [[Litagalog]] * [[Litaliano]] * [[Litelugu]] * [[Litseki]] * [[Liukrenia]] * [[Liungaria]] * [[Liurdu]] * [[Liusibeki]] * [[Livietnami]] * [[Liwɛlɛsi]] * [[Liyapani]] * [[Liyava]] * [[Liyuda]] * [[Lizorzi]] * [[Kurdish]] * [[Kyrgyz]] * [[Laosi]] * [[Lingála]] * [[Lituani]] * [[Mongoli]] * [[Nepali]] * [[Nynorsk]] * [[Oriya]] * [[Pashto]] * [[Pig Latini]] * [[Kweshwa]] * [[Romansh]] * [[Sesotho]] * [[Shona]] * [[Sinalese]] * [[Tajik]] * [[Tamili]] * [[Tatar]] * [[Thai]] * [[Tigirinya]] * [[Tonga]] * [[Turk]] * [[Turkmen]] * [[Twi]] * [[Uighur]] * [[Xhosa]] * [[Yiddish]] * [[Yorubá]] * [[Zulu]] ---- ---- {{Ndambo}} [[Category:Lokótá]] [[de:Sprache]] [[fr:langue]] [[en:language]] 6758 2005-11-05T18:19:59Z Blockinblox 38 {{lingála tɛ́}} {{lingála tɛ́}} [[Image:Spraakfamiliar.png|thumb]] [[Image:Afro-Asiatic.png|thumb]] Ici manque un article général sur les langues voir aussi [[ndingá (monɔkɔ ya mboka)]] ---- == Comment améliorer? == Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple en anglais: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language >> voir come exemple en alémanique: http://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala ---- == Langues du Congo == Cette liste temporaire vous permet l'accès aux articles suivants pour les créer ou les améliorer. Elle sera effacé le moment donné. * [[lingála]] * [[kikongo]] * [[kiswahili]] * [[ciluba]] * [[lifalansé]] * [[lingɛlɛsi]] == Nkóta ya Mokili == * [[Afrikansi]] * [[Belarusi]] * [[Bengali]] * [[Breton]] * [[Guarani]] * [[Guyarati]] * [[Hihakeri]] * [[Interlingua]] * [[Kanada]] * [[Katalani]] * [[Kazakh]] * [[Kiswahili]] * [[Korsikani]] * [[Lialemani]] * [[Liamariki]] * [[Liarabi]] * [[Liarmenya]] * [[Liazerbayani]] * [[Libaske]] * [[Libiyari]] * [[Libosinia]] * [[Libulgaria]] * [[Lidanɛsi]] * [[Lingɛlɛsi]] * [[Lispanyoli]] * [[Liestonia]] * [[Lifalama]] * [[Lifalansé]] * [[Lifarose]] * [[Lifelandi]] * [[Lifrisi]] * [[Ligaeliki]] * [[Ligalisi]] * [[Ligrek]] * [[Lihindi]] * [[Likambodia]] * [[Likorea]] * [[Likroasia]] * [[Lilabania]] * [[Lilatini]] * [[Lilatvia]] * [[Lilingoni]] * [[Limalasi]] * [[Limalayalami]] * [[Limalta]] * [[Limarati]] * [[Limasedonia]] * [[Lindonɛsi]] * [[Liosita]] * [[Lipersi]] * [[Lipoloni]] * [[Liportugesa]] * [[Lipunzabi]] * [[Lirlande]] * [[Lirumani]] * [[Lirusi]] * [[Liserbia]] * [[Liserbo-kroati]] * [[Lisindi]] * [[Lisinwazi]] * [[Lisipelanto]] * [[Lislanda]] * [[Lisolovaki]] * [[Lisoloveni]] * [[Lisomali]] * [[Lisundanɛsi]] * [[Lisverge]] * [[Lisverige]] * [[Litagalog]] * [[Litaliano]] * [[Litelugu]] * [[Litseki]] * [[Liukrenia]] * [[Liungaria]] * [[Liurdu]] * [[Liusibeki]] * [[Livietnami]] * [[Liwɛlɛsi]] * [[Liyapani]] * [[Liyava]] * [[Liyuda]] * [[Lizorzi]] * [[Kurdish]] * [[Kyrgyz]] * [[Laosi]] * [[Lingála]] * [[Lituani]] * [[Mongoli]] * [[Nepali]] * [[Nynorsk]] * [[Oriya]] * [[Pashto]] * [[Pig Latini]] * [[Kweshwa]] * [[Romansh]] * [[Sesotho]] * [[Shona]] * [[Sinalese]] * [[Tajik]] * [[Tamili]] * [[Tatar]] * [[Thai]] * [[Tigirinya]] * [[Tonga]] * [[Turk]] * [[Turkmen]] * [[Twi]] * [[Uighur]] * [[Xhosa]] * [[Yiddish]] * [[Yorubá]] * [[Zulu]] ---- ---- {{Ndambo}} [[Category:Lokótá]] [[de:Sprache]] [[fr:langue]] [[en:language]] 6943 2005-11-21T00:50:39Z Blockinblox 38 [[Image:Spraakfamiliar.png|thumb]] [[Image:Afro-Asiatic.png|thumb]] Ici manque un article général sur les langues voir aussi [[ndingá (monɔkɔ ya mboka)]] ---- == Comment améliorer? == Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple en anglais: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language >> voir come exemple en alémanique: http://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala ---- == Langues du Congo == Cette liste temporaire vous permet l'accès aux articles suivants pour les créer ou les améliorer. Elle sera effacé le moment donné. * [[lingála]] * [[kikongo]] * [[kiswahili]] * [[ciluba]] * [[lifalansé]] * [[lingɛlɛsi]] == Nkóta ya Mokili == * [[Afrikansi]] * [[Belarusi]] * [[Bengali]] * [[Breton]] * [[Guarani]] * [[Guyarati]] * [[Hihakeri]] * [[Interlingua]] * [[Kanada]] * [[Katalani]] * [[Kazakh]] * [[Kiswahili]] * [[Korsikani]] * [[Lialemani]] * [[Liamariki]] * [[Liarabi]] * [[Liarmenya]] * [[Liazerbayani]] * [[Libaske]] * [[Libiyari]] * [[Libosinia]] * [[Libulgaria]] * [[Lidanɛsi]] * [[Lingɛlɛsi]] * [[Lispanyoli]] * [[Liestonia]] * [[Lifalama]] * [[Lifalansé]] * [[Lifarose]] * [[Lifelandi]] * [[Lifrisi]] * [[Ligaeliki]] * [[Ligalisi]] * [[Ligrek]] * [[Lihindi]] * [[Likambodia]] * [[Likorea]] * [[Likroasia]] * [[Lilabania]] * [[Lilatini]] * [[Lilatvia]] * [[Lilingoni]] * [[Limalasi]] * [[Limalayalami]] * [[Limalta]] * [[Limarati]] * [[Limasedonia]] * [[Lindonɛsi]] * [[Liosita]] * [[Lipersi]] * [[Lipoloni]] * [[Liportugesa]] * [[Lipunzabi]] * [[Lirlande]] * [[Lirumani]] * [[Lirusi]] * [[Liserbia]] * [[Liserbo-kroati]] * [[Lisindi]] * [[Lisinwazi]] * [[Lisipelanto]] * [[Lislanda]] * [[Lisolovaki]] * [[Lisoloveni]] * [[Lisomali]] * [[Lisundanɛsi]] * [[Lisverge]] * [[Lisverige]] * [[Litagalog]] * [[Litaliano]] * [[Litelugu]] * [[Litseki]] * [[Liukrenia]] * [[Liungaria]] * [[Liurdu]] * [[Liusibeki]] * [[Livietnami]] * [[Liwɛlɛsi]] * [[Liyapani]] * [[Liyava]] * [[Liyuda]] * [[Lizorzi]] * [[Kurdish]] * [[Kyrgyz]] * [[Laosi]] * [[Lingála]] * [[Lituani]] * [[Mongoli]] * [[Nepali]] * [[Nynorsk]] * [[Oriya]] * [[Pashto]] * [[Pig Latini]] * [[Kweshwa]] * [[Romansh]] * [[Sesotho]] * [[Shona]] * [[Sinalese]] * [[Tajik]] * [[Tamili]] * [[Tatar]] * [[Thai]] * [[Tigirinya]] * [[Tonga]] * [[Turk]] * [[Turkmen]] * [[Twi]] * [[Uighur]] * [[Xhosa]] * [[Yiddish]] * [[Yorubá]] * [[Zulu]] ---- ---- {{Ndambo}} [[Category:Lokótá]] [[de:Sprache]] [[fr:langue]] [[en:language]] 7453 2005-12-25T15:26:06Z 84.159.47.145 [[Image:Spraakfamiliar.png|thumb]] [[Image:Afro-Asiatic.png|thumb]] Ici manque un article général sur les langues voir aussi [[ndingá (monɔkɔ ya mboka)]] ---- == Comment améliorer? == Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple en anglais: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language >> voir come exemple en alémanique: http://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala ---- == Langues du Congo == Cette liste temporaire vous permet l'accès aux articles suivants pour les créer ou les améliorer. Elle sera effacé le moment donné. * [[lingála]] * [[kikongo]] * [[kiswahili]] * [[ciluba]] * [[lifalansé]] * [[lingɛlɛsi]] == Nkóta ya Mokili == * [[Afrikansi]] * [[Belarusi]] * [[Bengali]] * [[Breton]] * [[Guarani]] * [[Guyarati]] * [[Hihakeri]] * [[Interlingua]] * [[Kanada]] * [[Katalani]] * [[Kazakh]] * [[Kiswahili]] * [[Korsikani]] * [[Lialemani]] * [[Liamariki]] * [[Liarabi]] * [[Liarmenya]] * [[Liazerbayani]] * [[Libaske]] * [[Libiyari]] * [[Libosinia]] * [[Libulgaria]] * [[Lidanɛsi]] * [[Lingɛlɛsi]] * [[Lispanyoli]] * [[Liestonia]] * [[Lifalama]] * [[Lifalansé]] * [[Lifarose]] * [[Lifelandi]] * [[Lifrisi]] * [[Ligaeliki]] * [[Ligalisi]] * [[Ligrek]] * [[Lihindi]] * [[Likambodia]] * [[Likorea]] * [[Likroasia]] * [[Lilabania]] * [[Lilatini]] * [[Lilatvia]] * [[Lilingoni]] * [[Limalasi]] * [[Limalayalami]] * [[Limalta]] * [[Limarati]] * [[Limasedonia]] * [[Lindonɛsi]] * [[Liosita]] * [[Lipersi]] * [[Lipoloni]] * [[Liportugesa]] * [[Lipunzabi]] * [[Lirlande]] * [[Lirumani]] * [[Lirusi]] * [[Liserbia]] * [[Liserbo-kroati]] * [[Lisindi]] * [[Lisinwazi]] * [[Lisipelanto]] * [[Lislanda]] * [[Lisolovaki]] * [[Lisoloveni]] * [[Lisomali]] * [[Lisundanɛsi]] * [[Lisverge]] * [[Lisverige]] * [[Litagalog]] * [[Litaliano]] * [[Litelugu]] * [[Litseki]] * [[Liukrenia]] * [[Liungaria]] * [[Liurdu]] * [[Liusibeki]] * [[Livietnami]] * [[Liwɛlɛsi]] * [[Liyapani]] * [[Liyava]] * [[Liyuda]] * [[Lizorzi]] * [[Kurdish]] * [[Kyrgyz]] * [[Laosi]] * [[Lingála]] * [[Lituani]] * [[Mongoli]] * [[Nepali]] * [[Nynorsk]] * [[Oriya]] * [[Pashto]] * [[Pig Latini]] * [[Kweshwa]] * [[Romansh]] * [[Sesotho]] * [[Shona]] * [[Sinalese]] * [[Tajik]] * [[Tamili]] * [[Tatar]] * [[Thai]] * [[Tigirinya]] * [[Tonga]] * [[Turk]] * [[Turkmen]] * [[Twi]] * [[Uighur]] * [[Xhosa]] * [[Yiddish]] * [[Yorubá]] * [[Zulu]] ---- ---- {{Ndambo}} [[Category:Lokótá]] [[als:Sprache]] [[de:Sprache]] [[fr:langue]] [[en:language]] 8878 2006-07-13T13:18:36Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:Spraakfamiliar.png|thumb]] [[Image:Afro-Asiatic.png|thumb]] '''Lokóta''' ezalí [[likokí]] ya kosála [[monɔkɔ]] mpɔ́ na bolobani na [[moto]] na moto. {{ndámbo}} voir aussi [[ndingá (monɔkɔ ya mboka)]] ---- == Comment améliorer? == Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple en anglais: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language >> voir come exemple en alémanique: http://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala ---- == Nkótá ya Congo == Cette liste temporaire vous permet l'accès aux articles suivants pour les créer ou les améliorer. Elle sera effacé le moment donné. * [[lingála]] * [[kikongo]] * [[kiswahili]] * [[ciluba]] * [[lifalansé]] * [[lingɛlɛsi]] == Nkótá ya Mokili == * [[Afrikansi]] * [[Belarusi]] * [[Bengali]] * [[Breton]] * [[Guarani]] * [[Guyarati]] * [[Hihakeri]] * [[Interlingua]] * [[Kanada]] * [[Katalani]] * [[Kazakh]] * [[Kiswahili]] * [[Korsikani]] * [[Lialemani]] * [[Liamariki]] * [[Liarabi]] * [[Liarmenya]] * [[Liazerbayani]] * [[Libaske]] * [[Libiyari]] * [[Libosinia]] * [[Libulgaria]] * [[Lidanɛsi]] * [[Lingɛlɛsi]] * [[Lispanyoli]] * [[Liestonia]] * [[Lifalama]] * [[Lifalansé]] * [[Lifarose]] * [[Lifelandi]] * [[Lifrisi]] * [[Ligaeliki]] * [[Ligalisi]] * [[Ligrek]] * [[Lihindi]] * [[Likambodia]] * [[Likorea]] * [[Likroasia]] * [[Lilabania]] * [[Lilatini]] * [[Lilatvia]] * [[Lilingoni]] * [[Limalasi]] * [[Limalayalami]] * [[Limalta]] * [[Limarati]] * [[Limasedonia]] * [[Lindonɛsi]] * [[Liosita]] * [[Lipersi]] * [[Lipoloni]] * [[Liportugesa]] * [[Lipunzabi]] * [[Lirlande]] * [[Lirumani]] * [[Lirusi]] * [[Liserbia]] * [[Liserbo-kroati]] * [[Lisindi]] * [[Lisinwazi]] * [[Lisipelanto]] * [[Lislanda]] * [[Lisolovaki]] * [[Lisoloveni]] * [[Lisomali]] * [[Lisundanɛsi]] * [[Lisverge]] * [[Lisverige]] * [[Litagalog]] * [[Litaliano]] * [[Litelugu]] * [[Litseki]] * [[Liukrenia]] * [[Liungaria]] * [[Liurdu]] * [[Liusibeki]] * [[Livietnami]] * [[Liwɛlɛsi]] * [[Liyapani]] * [[Liyava]] * [[Liyuda]] * [[Lizorzi]] * [[Kurdish]] * [[Kyrgyz]] * [[Laosi]] * [[Lingála]] * [[Lituani]] * [[Mongoli]] * [[Nepali]] * [[Nynorsk]] * [[Oriya]] * [[Pashto]] * [[Pig Latini]] * [[Kweshwa]] * [[Romansh]] * [[Sesotho]] * [[Shona]] * [[Sinalese]] * [[Tajik]] * [[Tamili]] * [[Tatar]] * [[Thai]] * [[Tigirinya]] * [[Tonga]] * [[Turk]] * [[Turkmen]] * [[Twi]] * [[Uighur]] * [[Xhosa]] * [[Yiddish]] * [[Yorubá]] * [[Zulu]] ---- ---- {{Ndambo}} [[Category:Lokótá]] [[als:Sprache]] [[de:Sprache]] [[fr:langue]] [[en:language]] 8885 2006-07-13T13:23:00Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:Spraakfamiliar.png|thumb]] [[Image:Afro-Asiatic.png|thumb]] '''Lokótá''' ezalí [[likokí]] ya kosála [[monɔkɔ]] mpɔ́ na bolobani na [[moto]] na moto. {{ndámbo}} voir aussi [[ndingá (monɔkɔ ya mboka)]] ---- == Comment améliorer? == Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple en anglais: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language >> voir come exemple en alémanique: http://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala ---- == Nkótá ya Congo == Cette liste temporaire vous permet l'accès aux articles suivants pour les créer ou les améliorer. Elle sera effacé le moment donné. * [[lingála]] * [[kikongo]] * [[kiswahili]] * [[ciluba]] * [[lifalansé]] * [[lingɛlɛsi]] == Nkótá ya Mokili == * [[Afrikansi]] * [[Belarusi]] * [[Bengali]] * [[Breton]] * [[Guarani]] * [[Guyarati]] * [[Hihakeri]] * [[Interlingua]] * [[Kanada]] * [[Katalani]] * [[Kazakh]] * [[Kiswahili]] * [[Korsikani]] * [[Lialemani]] * [[Liamariki]] * [[Liarabi]] * [[Liarmenya]] * [[Liazerbayani]] * [[Libaske]] * [[Libiyari]] * [[Libosinia]] * [[Libulgaria]] * [[Lidanɛsi]] * [[Lingɛlɛsi]] * [[Lispanyoli]] * [[Liestonia]] * [[Lifalama]] * [[Lifalansé]] * [[Lifarose]] * [[Lifelandi]] * [[Lifrisi]] * [[Ligaeliki]] * [[Ligalisi]] * [[Ligrek]] * [[Lihindi]] * [[Likambodia]] * [[Likorea]] * [[Likroasia]] * [[Lilabania]] * [[Lilatini]] * [[Lilatvia]] * [[Lilingoni]] * [[Limalasi]] * [[Limalayalami]] * [[Limalta]] * [[Limarati]] * [[Limasedonia]] * [[Lindonɛsi]] * [[Liosita]] * [[Lipersi]] * [[Lipoloni]] * [[Liportugesa]] * [[Lipunzabi]] * [[Lirlande]] * [[Lirumani]] * [[Lirusi]] * [[Liserbia]] * [[Liserbo-kroati]] * [[Lisindi]] * [[Lisinwazi]] * [[Lisipelanto]] * [[Lislanda]] * [[Lisolovaki]] * [[Lisoloveni]] * [[Lisomali]] * [[Lisundanɛsi]] * [[Lisverge]] * [[Lisverige]] * [[Litagalog]] * [[Litaliano]] * [[Litelugu]] * [[Litseki]] * [[Liukrenia]] * [[Liungaria]] * [[Liurdu]] * [[Liusibeki]] * [[Livietnami]] * [[Liwɛlɛsi]] * [[Liyapani]] * [[Liyava]] * [[Liyuda]] * [[Lizorzi]] * [[Kurdish]] * [[Kyrgyz]] * [[Laosi]] * [[Lingála]] * [[Lituani]] * [[Mongoli]] * [[Nepali]] * [[Nynorsk]] * [[Oriya]] * [[Pashto]] * [[Pig Latini]] * [[Kweshwa]] * [[Romansh]] * [[Sesotho]] * [[Shona]] * [[Sinalese]] * [[Tajik]] * [[Tamili]] * [[Tatar]] * [[Thai]] * [[Tigirinya]] * [[Tonga]] * [[Turk]] * [[Turkmen]] * [[Twi]] * [[Uighur]] * [[Xhosa]] * [[Yiddish]] * [[Yorubá]] * [[Zulu]] ---- ---- {{Ndambo}} [[Category:Lokótá]] [[als:Sprache]] [[de:Sprache]] [[fr:langue]] [[en:language]] 8903 2006-07-14T07:28:23Z 193.5.58.11 [[Image:Spraakfamiliar.png|thumb|Nkótá ya Mokili]] [[Image:Afro-Asiatic.png|thumb|Nkótá ya Afrika]] '''Lokótá''' ezalí [[likokí]] ya kosála [[monɔkɔ]] mpɔ́ na bolobani na [[moto]] na moto. {{ndámbo}} voir aussi [[ndingá (monɔkɔ ya mboka)]] ---- == Comment améliorer? == Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple en anglais: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language >> voir come exemple en alémanique: http://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala ---- == Nkótá ya Kɔ́ngɔ == Cette liste temporaire vous permet l'accès aux articles suivants pour les créer ou les améliorer. Elle sera effacé le moment donné. * [[lingála]] * [[kikongo]] * [[kiswahili]] * [[ciluba]] * [[lifalansé]] == Nkótá ya Mokili == * [[Afrikansi]] * [[Belarusi]] * [[Bengali]] * [[Breton]] * [[Guarani]] * [[Guyarati]] * [[Hihakeri]] * [[Interlingua]] * [[Kanada]] * [[Katalani]] * [[Kazakh]] * [[Kiswahili]] * [[Korsikani]] * [[Lialemani]] * [[Liamariki]] * [[Liarabi]] * [[Liarmenya]] * [[Liazerbayani]] * [[Libaske]] * [[Libiyari]] * [[Libosinia]] * [[Libulgaria]] * [[Lidanɛsi]] * [[Lingɛlɛsi]] * [[Lispanyoli]] * [[Liestonia]] * [[Lifalama]] * [[Lifalansé]] * [[Lifarose]] * [[Lifelandi]] * [[Lifrisi]] * [[Ligaeliki]] * [[Ligalisi]] * [[Ligrek]] * [[Lihindi]] * [[Likambodia]] * [[Likorea]] * [[Likroasia]] * [[Lilabania]] * [[Lilatini]] * [[Lilatvia]] * [[Lilingoni]] * [[Limalasi]] * [[Limalayalami]] * [[Limalta]] * [[Limarati]] * [[Limasedonia]] * [[Lindonɛsi]] * [[Liosita]] * [[Lipersi]] * [[Lipoloni]] * [[Liportugesa]] * [[Lipunzabi]] * [[Lirlande]] * [[Lirumani]] * [[Lirusi]] * [[Liserbia]] * [[Liserbo-kroati]] * [[Lisindi]] * [[Lisinwazi]] * [[Lisipelanto]] * [[Lislanda]] * [[Lisolovaki]] * [[Lisoloveni]] * [[Lisomali]] * [[Lisundanɛsi]] * [[Lisverge]] * [[Lisverige]] * [[Litagalog]] * [[Litaliano]] * [[Litelugu]] * [[Litseki]] * [[Liukrenia]] * [[Liungaria]] * [[Liurdu]] * [[Liusibeki]] * [[Livietnami]] * [[Liwɛlɛsi]] * [[Liyapani]] * [[Liyava]] * [[Liyuda]] * [[Lizorzi]] * [[Kurdish]] * [[Kyrgyz]] * [[Laosi]] * [[Lingála]] * [[Lituani]] * [[Mongoli]] * [[Nepali]] * [[Nynorsk]] * [[Oriya]] * [[Pashto]] * [[Pig Latini]] * [[Kweshwa]] * [[Romansh]] * [[Sesotho]] * [[Shona]] * [[Sinalese]] * [[Tajik]] * [[Tamili]] * [[Tatar]] * [[Thai]] * [[Tigirinya]] * [[Tonga]] * [[Turk]] * [[Turkmen]] * [[Twi]] * [[Uighur]] * [[Xhosa]] * [[Yiddish]] * [[Yorubá]] * [[Zulu]] ---- ---- {{Ndambo}} [[Category:Lokótá]] [[als:Sprache]] [[de:Sprache]] [[fr:langue]] [[en:language]] Category talk:Niama 1052 4620 2005-03-02T01:47:35Z Moyogo 11 Isn't the proper spelling "nyama"? Est-ce que l'ortographe correct n'est il pas « nyama »? --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 01:47, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC) User:Moyogo 1053 2274 2005-03-02T02:33:09Z Moyogo 11 contact http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp for help 2294 2005-03-02T02:55:48Z Moyogo 11 contact http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp for help maybe http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm and http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm too 2295 2005-03-05T16:47:18Z Moyogo 11 Références: * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * == Accents et caractères spéciaux (ɔ,ɛ) == Pourquoi les accents sont-ils important? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : : moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore m´ɔto (feu) : ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (epsilon) et l'accent aigu).'' Bonśɔmi Bonsóɔmi Bonsɔ́mi contact http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp for help maybe http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm and http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm too 2296 2005-03-05T17:20:28Z Moyogo 11 Références: * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * == Accents et caractères spéciaux (ɔ,ɛ) == Pourquoi les accents sont-ils important? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : : moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) : sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto : si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto : ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (epsilon) et l'accent aigu).'' avec Firefox. contact http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp for help maybe http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm and http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm too 2297 2005-03-05T17:26:00Z Moyogo 11 Références: * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * == Accents et caractères spéciaux ( ɔ,ɔ́,ɛ,ɛ́ ) == Pourquoi les accents sont-ils important? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : : moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) : sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto : si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto : ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (epsilon) et l'accent aigu).'' avec Firefox. contact http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp for help maybe http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm and http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm too mɛ́to 2299 2005-03-05T17:51:15Z Moyogo 11 Références: * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Counci] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] == Accents et caractères spéciaux ( ɔ ɔ́ ɛ ɛ́ ) == Pourquoi les accents sont-ils important? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : : moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) : sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto : si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto : ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (epsilon) et l'accent aigu).'' avec Firefox. contact http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp for help maybe http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm and http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm too 2323 2005-03-05T19:01:56Z Moyogo 11 Références: * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Counci] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] == Accents et caractères spéciaux ( ɔ ɔ́ ɛ ɛ́ ) == Pourquoi les accents sont-ils important? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : : moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) : sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto : si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto : ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu).'' avec Firefox. contact http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp for help maybe http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm and http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm too 2324 2005-03-06T13:19:01Z Moyogo 11 Références: * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Counci] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)] == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɛ ɛ́ Pourquoi les accents sont-ils important? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : : moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) : sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto : si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto : ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu).'' avec Firefox. contact http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp for help maybe http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm and http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm too 2325 2005-03-06T13:36:49Z Moyogo 11 Références: * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Counci] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)] * [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingal (fr)] == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɛ ɛ́ Pourquoi les accents sont-ils important? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : : moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) : sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto : si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto : ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu).'' avec Firefox. contact http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp for help maybe http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm and http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm too 2326 2005-03-06T13:39:52Z Moyogo 11 Références: * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Counci] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)] * [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingal (fr)] (Creative Commons License!) == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɛ ɛ́ Pourquoi les accents sont-ils important? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : : moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) : sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto : si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto : ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu).'' avec Firefox. contact http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp for help maybe http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm and http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm too 2355 2005-03-06T14:24:45Z Moyogo 11 Références: * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Counci] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)] * [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingal (fr)] (Creative Commons License!) == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ Pourquoi les accents sont-ils important? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : : moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) : sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto : si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto : ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu).'' avec Firefox. contact http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp for help maybe http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm and http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm too 2356 2005-03-07T02:24:42Z Moyogo 11 Références : * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Counci] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)] * [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingal (fr)] (Creative Commons License!) Liens : * [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] * [http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp forum] == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils important? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : : moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) : sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto : si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto : ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu).'' avec Firefox. === Test === Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium : </span>([[:en:Gentium]], [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download] freeware font) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003), Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download] freeware) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> 2357 2005-03-07T02:34:11Z Moyogo 11 Références : * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Counci] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)] * [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingal (fr)] (Creative Commons License!) Liens : * [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] * [http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp forum] == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils important? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : : moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) : sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto : si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto : ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium : </span>([[:en:Gentium]], [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download] freeware font) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003), Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download] freeware) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> 2359 2005-03-07T02:36:46Z Moyogo 11 Références : * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)] * [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingal (fr)] (Creative Commons License!) Liens : * [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] * [http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp forum] == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils important? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : : moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) : sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto : si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto : ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium : </span>([[:en:Gentium]], [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download] freeware font) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003), Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download] freeware) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> 2360 2005-03-07T04:29:33Z Moyogo 11 Références : * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)] * [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr)] (Creative Commons License!) * [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] Liens : * [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] * [http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp forum] == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils important? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : : moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) : sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto : si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto : ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium : </span>([[:en:Gentium]], [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download] freeware font) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003), Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download] freeware) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> 2366 2005-03-07T05:04:45Z Moyogo 11 exemple Références : * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)] * [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr)] (Creative Commons License!) * [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] Liens : * [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] * [http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp forum] * [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils important? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : : moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) : sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto : si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto : ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium : </span>([[:en:Gentium]], [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download] freeware font) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003), Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download] freeware) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium : </span> <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span> <p style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> 2374 2005-03-07T15:55:15Z Moyogo 11 Références : * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)] * [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr)] (Creative Commons License!) * [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] Liens : * [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] * [http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp forum congo2000] * [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] * [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils important? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : : moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) : sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto : si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto : ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium : </span>([[:en:Gentium]], [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download] freeware font) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003), Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download] freeware) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium : </span> <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span> <p style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála * avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux ** soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature ** nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) ** nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) **La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) * sans accents toniques 2375 2005-03-08T01:38:46Z Moyogo 11 Références : * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr)] (Creative Commons License!), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] Liens : * [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] * [http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp forum congo2000] * [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] * [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils important? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : : moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) : sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto : si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto : ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium : </span>([[:en:Gentium]], [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download] freeware font) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003), Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download] freeware) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium : </span> <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span> <p style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála * avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux ** soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature ** nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) ** nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) **La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) * sans accents toniques 2376 2005-03-08T03:52:04Z 66.46.85.162 clavier Références : * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr)] (Creative Commons License!), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] Liens : * [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] * [http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp forum congo2000] * [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] * [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils important? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : : moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) : sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto : si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto : ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium : </span>([[:en:Gentium]], [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download] freeware font) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003), Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download] freeware) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium : </span> <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span> <p style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála * avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux ** soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature ** nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) ** nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) **La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) * sans accents toniques == Clavier Lingala == * [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1](basé sur le clavier Français) 2377 2005-03-08T03:55:46Z 66.46.85.162 /* Clavier Lingala */ Références : * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr)] (Creative Commons License!), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] Liens : * [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] * [http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp forum congo2000] * [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] * [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils important? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : : moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) : sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto : si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto : ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium : </span>([[:en:Gentium]], [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download] freeware font) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003), Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download] freeware) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium : </span> <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span> <p style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála * avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux ** soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature ** nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) ** nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) **La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) * sans accents toniques == Clavier Lingala == * [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier Français) 2378 2005-03-08T06:17:56Z Moyogo 11 Références : * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr)] (Creative Commons License!), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] Liens : * [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] * [http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp forum congo2000] * [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] * [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils important? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : : moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) : sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto : si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto : ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium : </span> <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span> <p style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála * avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux ** soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature ** nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) ** nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) **La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) * sans accents toniques == Clavier Lingala == * [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier Français) 2379 2005-03-08T06:19:29Z Moyogo 11 /* Test */ Références : * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr)] (Creative Commons License!), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] Liens : * [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] * [http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp forum congo2000] * [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] * [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils important? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : : moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) : sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto : si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto : ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium : </span> <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span> <p style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála * avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux ** soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature ** nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) ** nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) **La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) * sans accents toniques == Clavier Lingala == * [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier Français) 2380 2005-03-08T06:32:37Z Moyogo 11 /* Graphie */ Références : * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr)] (Creative Commons License!), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] Liens : * [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] * [http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp forum congo2000] * [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] * [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils important? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : : moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) : sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto : si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto : ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium : </span> <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span> <p style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Les seuls accents toniques parfois indiqués sont les ú et á. == Clavier Lingala == * [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier Français) 2381 2005-03-08T06:33:27Z Moyogo 11 /* Graphie */ Références : * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr)] (Creative Commons License!), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] Liens : * [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] * [http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp forum congo2000] * [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] * [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils important? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : : moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) : sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto : si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto : ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium : </span> <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span> <p style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Le seul accent tonique parfois indiqué est sur le á (accessible sur un clavier français). == Clavier Lingala == * [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier Français) 2382 2005-03-08T15:44:30Z 66.46.85.162 Références : * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr)] (Creative Commons License!), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] Liens : * [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] * [http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp forum congo2000] * [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] * [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils important? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : : moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) : sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto : si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto : ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium : </span> <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span> <p style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Le seul accent tonique parfois indiqué est sur le á (accessible sur un clavier français). == Clavier Lingala == * [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 azerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier Français) * [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-US-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier US) 2388 2005-03-08T16:09:17Z 66.46.85.162 /* Graphie */ Références : * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr)] (Creative Commons License!), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] Liens : * [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] * [http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp forum congo2000] * [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] * [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils important? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : : moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) : sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto : si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto : ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium : </span> <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span> <p style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Le seul accent tonique parfois indiqué est sur le á, et peut-être ú. == Clavier Lingala == * [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 azerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier Français) * [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-US-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier US) 2396 2005-03-09T05:52:08Z Moyogo 11 /* Clavier Lingala */ Références : * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr)] (Creative Commons License!), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] Liens : * [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] * [http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp forum congo2000] * [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] * [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils important? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : : moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) : sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto : si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto : ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium : </span> <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span> <p style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Le seul accent tonique parfois indiqué est sur le á, et peut-être ú. == Clavier Lingala == # Windows #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 azerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier Français) #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-US-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier US) # Mac OS X #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-qwerty-OSX-0.1.tar.gz Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Mac OS X (10.2+) # Linux #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-qwerty-Linux-0.1.tar.gz Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Xorg ou XFree86 2401 2005-03-09T14:41:08Z Moyogo 11 Références : * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode], voir [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique2.htm] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr)] (Creative Commons License!), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] Liens : * [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] * [http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp forum congo2000] * [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] * [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils important? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : : moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) : sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto : si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto : ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium : </span> <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span> <p style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Le seul accent tonique parfois indiqué est sur le á, et peut-être ú. == Clavier Lingala == # Windows #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 azerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier Français) #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-US-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier US) # Mac OS X #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-qwerty-OSX-0.1.tar.gz Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Mac OS X (10.2+) # Linux #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-qwerty-Linux-0.1.tar.gz Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Xorg ou XFree86 2402 2005-03-09T15:00:09Z Moyogo 11 Références : * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode], voir [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique2.htm] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr)] (Creative Commons License!), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] * [http://www.rosettaproject.org/live/search/detailedlanguagerecord?ethnocode=LIN Rosetta Project - Lingala] Liens : * [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] * [http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp forum congo2000] * [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] * [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils important? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : : moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) : sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto : si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto : ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium : </span> <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span> <p style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Le seul accent tonique parfois indiqué est sur le á, et peut-être ú. == Clavier Lingala == # Windows #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 azerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier Français) #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-US-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier US) # Mac OS X #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-qwerty-OSX-0.1.tar.gz Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Mac OS X (10.2+) # Linux #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-qwerty-Linux-0.1.tar.gz Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Xorg ou XFree86 2404 2005-03-09T15:02:47Z Moyogo 11 Références : * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode], voir [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique2.htm] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr)] (Creative Commons License!), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] * [http://www.rosettaproject.org/live/search/detailedlanguagerecord?ethnocode=LIN Rosetta Project - Lingala] - DO NOT copy on wikipedia! but link, link, link! Liens : * [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] * [http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp forum congo2000] * [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] * [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils important? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : : moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) : sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto : si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto : ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium : </span> <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span> <p style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Le seul accent tonique parfois indiqué est sur le á, et peut-être ú. == Clavier Lingala == # Windows #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 azerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier Français) #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-US-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier US) # Mac OS X #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-qwerty-OSX-0.1.tar.gz Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Mac OS X (10.2+) # Linux #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-qwerty-Linux-0.1.tar.gz Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Xorg ou XFree86 2405 2005-03-09T15:55:01Z Moyogo 11 /* Accents et caractères spéciaux */ Références : * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode], voir [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique2.htm] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr)] (Creative Commons License!), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] * [http://www.rosettaproject.org/live/search/detailedlanguagerecord?ethnocode=LIN Rosetta Project - Lingala] - DO NOT copy on wikipedia! but link, link, link! Liens : * [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] * [http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp forum congo2000] * [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] * [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils important? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : *# moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) *#: sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto *#: si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto *# "nabétaka yé" (Je le frappe tout le temps) ou "nabétáká yé" (Je l'ai frappé il y a longtemps) *#: sans accent: "nabetaka ye" et "nabetaka ye" ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium : </span> <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span> <p style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Le seul accent tonique parfois indiqué est sur le á, et peut-être ú. == Clavier Lingala == # Windows #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 azerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier Français) #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-US-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier US) # Mac OS X #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-qwerty-OSX-0.1.tar.gz Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Mac OS X (10.2+) # Linux #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-qwerty-Linux-0.1.tar.gz Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Xorg ou XFree86 2406 2005-03-09T16:05:11Z Moyogo 11 /* Accents et caractères spéciaux */ Références : * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode], voir [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique2.htm] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr)] (Creative Commons License!), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] * [http://www.rosettaproject.org/live/search/detailedlanguagerecord?ethnocode=LIN Rosetta Project - Lingala] - DO NOT copy on wikipedia! but link, link, link! Liens : * [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] * [http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp forum congo2000] * [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] * [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils important? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : *# moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) *#: sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto *#: si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto *# "nabétaka yé" (Je le frappe tout le temps) ou "nabétáká yé" (Je l'ai frappé il y a longtemps) *#: sans accent: "nabetaka ye" et "nabetaka ye" *# ngambo (difficulté) ou ngámbo (la rive opposé) *#: sans accent: ngambo et ngambo *# kokoma (écrire) ou kokóma (arriver) *#: sans accent: kokoma et kokoma ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium : </span> <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span> <p style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Le seul accent tonique parfois indiqué est sur le á, et peut-être ú. == Clavier Lingala == # Windows #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 azerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier Français) #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-US-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier US) # Mac OS X #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-qwerty-OSX-0.1.tar.gz Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Mac OS X (10.2+) # Linux #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-qwerty-Linux-0.1.tar.gz Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Xorg ou XFree86 2408 2005-03-09T19:56:16Z 66.46.85.162 /* Clavier Lingala */ Références : * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode], voir [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique2.htm] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr)] (Creative Commons License!), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] * [http://www.rosettaproject.org/live/search/detailedlanguagerecord?ethnocode=LIN Rosetta Project - Lingala] - DO NOT copy on wikipedia! but link, link, link! Liens : * [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] * [http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp forum congo2000] * [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] * [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils important? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : *# moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) *#: sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto *#: si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto *# "nabétaka yé" (Je le frappe tout le temps) ou "nabétáká yé" (Je l'ai frappé il y a longtemps) *#: sans accent: "nabetaka ye" et "nabetaka ye" *# ngambo (difficulté) ou ngámbo (la rive opposé) *#: sans accent: ngambo et ngambo *# kokoma (écrire) ou kokóma (arriver) *#: sans accent: kokoma et kokoma ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium : </span> <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span> <p style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Le seul accent tonique parfois indiqué est sur le á, et peut-être ú. == Clavier Lingala == # Windows #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 azerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier Français) #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-US-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier US) # Mac OS X #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-qwerty-OSX-0.1.tar.gz Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Mac OS X (10.2+) # Linux #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-qwerty-Linux-0.1.tar.gz Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Xorg ou XFree86 === Claviers Africains === * http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/Projects/#tabl 2409 2005-03-10T07:11:48Z Moyogo 11 /* Claviers Africains */ Références : * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode], voir [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique2.htm] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr)] (Creative Commons License!), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] * [http://www.rosettaproject.org/live/search/detailedlanguagerecord?ethnocode=LIN Rosetta Project - Lingala] - DO NOT copy on wikipedia! but link, link, link! Liens : * [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] * [http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp forum congo2000] * [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] * [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils important? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : *# moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) *#: sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto *#: si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto *# "nabétaka yé" (Je le frappe tout le temps) ou "nabétáká yé" (Je l'ai frappé il y a longtemps) *#: sans accent: "nabetaka ye" et "nabetaka ye" *# ngambo (difficulté) ou ngámbo (la rive opposé) *#: sans accent: ngambo et ngambo *# kokoma (écrire) ou kokóma (arriver) *#: sans accent: kokoma et kokoma ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium : </span> <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span> <p style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Le seul accent tonique parfois indiqué est sur le á, et peut-être ú. == Clavier Lingala == # Windows #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 azerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier Français) #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-US-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier US) # Mac OS X #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-qwerty-OSX-0.1.tar.gz Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Mac OS X (10.2+) # Linux #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-qwerty-Linux-0.1.tar.gz Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Xorg ou XFree86 === Claviers Africains === * http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/Projects/#tabl * clavier Africain - qwerty *# [[http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/African-qwerty-Linux-0.1.tar.gz Linux] *# [[http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/African-qwerty-0.1.zip Windows] 2410 2005-03-10T07:38:07Z Moyogo 11 /* Claviers Africains */ Références : * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode], voir [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique2.htm] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr)] (Creative Commons License!), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] * [http://www.rosettaproject.org/live/search/detailedlanguagerecord?ethnocode=LIN Rosetta Project - Lingala] - DO NOT copy on wikipedia! but link, link, link! Liens : * [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] * [http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp forum congo2000] * [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] * [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils important? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : *# moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) *#: sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto *#: si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto *# "nabétaka yé" (Je le frappe tout le temps) ou "nabétáká yé" (Je l'ai frappé il y a longtemps) *#: sans accent: "nabetaka ye" et "nabetaka ye" *# ngambo (difficulté) ou ngámbo (la rive opposé) *#: sans accent: ngambo et ngambo *# kokoma (écrire) ou kokóma (arriver) *#: sans accent: kokoma et kokoma ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium : </span> <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span> <p style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi s ɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bak ɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Le seul accent tonique parfois indiqué est sur le á, et peut-être ú. == Clavier Lingala == # Windows #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 azerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier Français) #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-US-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier US) # Mac OS X #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-qwerty-OSX-0.1.tar.gz Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Mac OS X (10.2+) # Linux #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-qwerty-Linux-0.1.tar.gz Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Xorg ou XFree86 === Claviers Africains === * http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/Projects/#tabl * clavier Africain - qwerty (certains caractères manquant ne sont pas encore définis par Unicode) *# [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/African-qwerty-Linux-0.1.tar.gz African-qwerty-Linux-0.1.tar.gz] *# [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/African-qwerty-0.1.zip African-qwerty-0.1.zip] 2411 2005-03-10T07:45:19Z Moyogo 11 /* Exemple */ Références : * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode], voir [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique2.htm] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr)] (Creative Commons License!), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] * [http://www.rosettaproject.org/live/search/detailedlanguagerecord?ethnocode=LIN Rosetta Project - Lingala] - DO NOT copy on wikipedia! but link, link, link! Liens : * [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] * [http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp forum congo2000] * [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] * [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils important? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : *# moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) *#: sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto *#: si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto *# "nabétaka yé" (Je le frappe tout le temps) ou "nabétáká yé" (Je l'ai frappé il y a longtemps) *#: sans accent: "nabetaka ye" et "nabetaka ye" *# ngambo (difficulté) ou ngámbo (la rive opposé) *#: sans accent: ngambo et ngambo *# kokoma (écrire) ou kokóma (arriver) *#: sans accent: kokoma et kokoma ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium : </span> <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span> <p style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Le seul accent tonique parfois indiqué est sur le á, et peut-être ú. == Clavier Lingala == # Windows #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 azerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier Français) #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-US-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier US) # Mac OS X #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-qwerty-OSX-0.1.tar.gz Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Mac OS X (10.2+) # Linux #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-qwerty-Linux-0.1.tar.gz Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Xorg ou XFree86 === Claviers Africains === * http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/Projects/#tabl * clavier Africain - qwerty (certains caractères manquant ne sont pas encore définis par Unicode) *# [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/African-qwerty-Linux-0.1.tar.gz African-qwerty-Linux-0.1.tar.gz] *# [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/African-qwerty-0.1.zip African-qwerty-0.1.zip] 2412 2005-03-10T16:17:10Z Moyogo 11 /* Claviers Africains */ Références : * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode], voir [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique2.htm] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr)] (Creative Commons License!), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] * [http://www.rosettaproject.org/live/search/detailedlanguagerecord?ethnocode=LIN Rosetta Project - Lingala] - DO NOT copy on wikipedia! but link, link, link! Liens : * [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] * [http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp forum congo2000] * [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] * [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils important? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : *# moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) *#: sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto *#: si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto *# "nabétaka yé" (Je le frappe tout le temps) ou "nabétáká yé" (Je l'ai frappé il y a longtemps) *#: sans accent: "nabetaka ye" et "nabetaka ye" *# ngambo (difficulté) ou ngámbo (la rive opposé) *#: sans accent: ngambo et ngambo *# kokoma (écrire) ou kokóma (arriver) *#: sans accent: kokoma et kokoma ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium : </span> <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span> <p style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Le seul accent tonique parfois indiqué est sur le á, et peut-être ú. == Clavier Lingala == # Windows #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 azerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier Français) #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-US-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier US) # Mac OS X #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-qwerty-OSX-0.1.tar.gz Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Mac OS X (10.2+) # Linux #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-qwerty-Linux-0.1.tar.gz Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Xorg ou XFree86 === Claviers Africains === * http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/Projects/#tabl * clavier Africain - qwerty (certains caractères manquant ne sont pas encore définis par Unicode) *# [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/African-qwerty-Linux-0.1.tar.gz African-qwerty-Linux-0.2.tar.gz] *# [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/African-qwerty-0.1.zip African-qwerty-0.1.zip] 2413 2005-03-10T16:17:11Z Moyogo 11 /* Claviers Africains */ Références : * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode], voir [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique2.htm] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr)] (Creative Commons License!), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] * [http://www.rosettaproject.org/live/search/detailedlanguagerecord?ethnocode=LIN Rosetta Project - Lingala] - DO NOT copy on wikipedia! but link, link, link! Liens : * [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] * [http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp forum congo2000] * [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] * [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils important? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : *# moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) *#: sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto *#: si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto *# "nabétaka yé" (Je le frappe tout le temps) ou "nabétáká yé" (Je l'ai frappé il y a longtemps) *#: sans accent: "nabetaka ye" et "nabetaka ye" *# ngambo (difficulté) ou ngámbo (la rive opposé) *#: sans accent: ngambo et ngambo *# kokoma (écrire) ou kokóma (arriver) *#: sans accent: kokoma et kokoma ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium : </span> <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span> <p style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Le seul accent tonique parfois indiqué est sur le á, et peut-être ú. == Clavier Lingala == # Windows #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 azerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier Français) #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-US-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier US) # Mac OS X #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-qwerty-OSX-0.1.tar.gz Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Mac OS X (10.2+) # Linux #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-qwerty-Linux-0.1.tar.gz Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Xorg ou XFree86 === Claviers Africains === * http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/Projects/#tabl * clavier Africain - qwerty (certains caractères manquant ne sont pas encore définis par Unicode) *# [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/African-qwerty-Linux-0.2.tar.gz African-qwerty-Linux-0.2.tar.gz] *# [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/African-qwerty-0.1.zip African-qwerty-0.1.zip] 2414 2005-03-12T13:54:42Z Moyogo 11 Mbɔ́tɛ! Références : * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode], voir [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique2.htm] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr)] (Creative Commons License!), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] * [http://www.rosettaproject.org/live/search/detailedlanguagerecord?ethnocode=LIN Rosetta Project - Lingala] - DO NOT copy on wikipedia! but link, link, link! Liens : * [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] * [http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp forum congo2000] * [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] * [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils important? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : *# moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) *#: sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto *#: si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto *# "nabétaka yé" (Je le frappe tout le temps) ou "nabétáká yé" (Je l'ai frappé il y a longtemps) *#: sans accent: "nabetaka ye" et "nabetaka ye" *# ngambo (difficulté) ou ngámbo (la rive opposé) *#: sans accent: ngambo et ngambo *# kokoma (écrire) ou kokóma (arriver) *#: sans accent: kokoma et kokoma ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium : </span> <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span> <p style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Le seul accent tonique parfois indiqué est sur le á, et peut-être ú. == Clavier Lingala == # Windows #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 azerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier Français) #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-US-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier US) # Mac OS X #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-qwerty-OSX-0.1.tar.gz Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Mac OS X (10.2+) # Linux #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-qwerty-Linux-0.1.tar.gz Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Xorg ou XFree86 === Claviers Africains === * http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/Projects/#tabl * clavier Africain - qwerty (certains caractères manquant ne sont pas encore définis par Unicode) *# [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/African-qwerty-Linux-0.2.tar.gz African-qwerty-Linux-0.2.tar.gz] *# [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/African-qwerty-0.1.zip African-qwerty-0.1.zip] 2431 2005-03-12T15:38:47Z Moyogo 11 Mbɔ́tɛ! Références : * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode], voir [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique2.htm] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr)] (Creative Commons License!), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [[http://pageperso.aol.fr/ashemtem/mapage/artiste.html Dictionnaire]] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] * [http://www.rosettaproject.org/live/search/detailedlanguagerecord?ethnocode=LIN Rosetta Project - Lingala] - DO NOT copy on wikipedia! but link, link, link! Liens : * [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] * [http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp forum congo2000] * [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] * [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils important? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : *# moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) *#: sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto *#: si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto *# "nabétaka yé" (Je le frappe tout le temps) ou "nabétáká yé" (Je l'ai frappé il y a longtemps) *#: sans accent: "nabetaka ye" et "nabetaka ye" *# ngambo (difficulté) ou ngámbo (la rive opposé) *#: sans accent: ngambo et ngambo *# kokoma (écrire) ou kokóma (arriver) *#: sans accent: kokoma et kokoma ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium : </span> <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span> <p style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Le seul accent tonique parfois indiqué est sur le á, et peut-être ú. == Clavier Lingala == # Windows #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 azerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier Français) #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-US-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier US) # Mac OS X #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-qwerty-OSX-0.1.tar.gz Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Mac OS X (10.2+) # Linux #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-qwerty-Linux-0.1.tar.gz Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Xorg ou XFree86 === Claviers Africains === * http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/Projects/#tabl * clavier Africain - qwerty (certains caractères manquant ne sont pas encore définis par Unicode) *# [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/African-qwerty-Linux-0.2.tar.gz African-qwerty-Linux-0.2.tar.gz] *# [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/African-qwerty-0.1.zip African-qwerty-0.1.zip] 2461 2005-03-16T00:51:06Z Moyogo 11 Mbɔ́tɛ! Références : * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode], voir [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique2.htm] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr)] (CC by-nc-sa License ), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://pageperso.aol.fr/ashemtem/mapage/artiste.html Dictionnaire] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] * [http://www.rosettaproject.org/live/search/detailedlanguagerecord?ethnocode=LIN Rosetta Project - Lingala] - DO NOT copy on wikipedia! but link, link, link! Liens : * [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] * [http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp forum congo2000] * [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] * [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils important? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : *# moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) *#: sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto *#: si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto *# "nabétaka yé" (Je le frappe tout le temps) ou "nabétáká yé" (Je l'ai frappé il y a longtemps) *#: sans accent: "nabetaka ye" et "nabetaka ye" *# ngambo (difficulté) ou ngámbo (la rive opposé) *#: sans accent: ngambo et ngambo *# kokoma (écrire) ou kokóma (arriver) *#: sans accent: kokoma et kokoma ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium : </span> <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span> <p style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Le seul accent tonique parfois indiqué est sur le á, et peut-être ú. == Clavier Lingala == # Windows #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 azerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier Français) #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-US-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier US) # Mac OS X #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-qwerty-OSX-0.1.tar.gz Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Mac OS X (10.2+) # Linux #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-qwerty-Linux-0.1.tar.gz Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Xorg ou XFree86 === Claviers Africains === * http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/Projects/#tabl * clavier Africain - qwerty (certains caractères manquant ne sont pas encore définis par Unicode) *# [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/African-qwerty-Linux-0.2.tar.gz African-qwerty-Linux-0.2.tar.gz] *# [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/African-qwerty-0.1.zip African-qwerty-0.1.zip] 2463 2005-03-19T15:25:36Z Moyogo 11 Mbɔ́tɛ! Références : * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode], voir [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique2.htm] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr-ln)] (CC by-nc-sa License ), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://pageperso.aol.fr/ashemtem/mapage/artiste.html Dictionnaire] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] * [http://www.rosettaproject.org/live/search/detailedlanguagerecord?ethnocode=LIN Rosetta Project - Lingala] - DO NOT copy on wikipedia! but link, link, link! Liens : [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] | [http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp forum congo2000] | [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] | [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils important? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : *# moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) *#: sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto *#: si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto *# "nabétaka yé" (Je le frappe tout le temps) ou "nabétáká yé" (Je l'ai frappé il y a longtemps) *#: sans accent: "nabetaka ye" et "nabetaka ye" *# ngambo (difficulté) ou ngámbo (la rive opposé) *#: sans accent: ngambo et ngambo *# kokoma (écrire) ou kokóma (arriver) *#: sans accent: kokoma et kokoma ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium : </span> <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span> <p style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Le seul accent tonique parfois indiqué est sur le á, et peut-être ú. == Clavier Lingala == # Windows #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 azerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier Français) #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-US-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier US) # Mac OS X #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-qwerty-OSX-0.1.tar.gz Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Mac OS X (10.2+) # Linux #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-qwerty-Linux-0.1.tar.gz Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Xorg ou XFree86 === Claviers Africains === * http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/Projects/#tabl * clavier Africain - qwerty (certains caractères manquant ne sont pas encore définis par Unicode) *# [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/African-qwerty-Linux-0.2.tar.gz African-qwerty-Linux-0.2.tar.gz] *# [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/African-qwerty-0.1.zip African-qwerty-0.1.zip] 2466 2005-03-20T01:29:19Z Moyogo 11 /* Clavier Lingala */ Mbɔ́tɛ! Références : * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode], voir [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique2.htm] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr-ln)] (CC by-nc-sa License ), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://pageperso.aol.fr/ashemtem/mapage/artiste.html Dictionnaire] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] * [http://www.rosettaproject.org/live/search/detailedlanguagerecord?ethnocode=LIN Rosetta Project - Lingala] - DO NOT copy on wikipedia! but link, link, link! Liens : [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] | [http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp forum congo2000] | [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] | [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils important? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : *# moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) *#: sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto *#: si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto *# "nabétaka yé" (Je le frappe tout le temps) ou "nabétáká yé" (Je l'ai frappé il y a longtemps) *#: sans accent: "nabetaka ye" et "nabetaka ye" *# ngambo (difficulté) ou ngámbo (la rive opposé) *#: sans accent: ngambo et ngambo *# kokoma (écrire) ou kokóma (arriver) *#: sans accent: kokoma et kokoma ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium : </span> <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span> <p style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Le seul accent tonique parfois indiqué est sur le á, et peut-être ú. == Clavier Lingala Keyboard layout== # Windows #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 azerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier Français) #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-US-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier US) # Mac OS X #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-qwerty-OSX-0.1.tar.gz Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Mac OS X (10.2+) # Linux #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-qwerty-Linux-0.1.tar.gz Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Xorg ou XFree86 === Claviers Africains === * http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/Projects/#tabl * clavier Africain - qwerty (certains caractères manquant ne sont pas encore définis par Unicode) *# [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/African-qwerty-Linux-0.2.tar.gz African-qwerty-Linux-0.2.tar.gz] *# [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/African-qwerty-0.1.zip African-qwerty-0.1.zip] 2469 2005-03-21T01:45:54Z Moyogo 11 Mbɔ́tɛ! Références : * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode], voir [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique2.htm] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr-ln)] (CC by-nc-sa License ), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://pageperso.aol.fr/ashemtem/mapage/artiste.html Dictionnaire] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] * [http://www.rosettaproject.org/live/search/detailedlanguagerecord?ethnocode=LIN Rosetta Project - Lingala] - DO NOT copy on wikipedia! but link! Liens : [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] | [http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp forum congo2000] | [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] | [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] | [http://www.cherbearsden.com/story1AT.html Kid's stories] | [http://www.wmpress.org/alc_text/kinshasa%20lingala.htm Versets] == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils important? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : *# moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) *#: sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto *#: si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto *# "nabétaka yé" (Je le frappe tout le temps) ou "nabétáká yé" (Je l'ai frappé il y a longtemps) *#: sans accent: "nabetaka ye" et "nabetaka ye" *# ngambo (difficulté) ou ngámbo (la rive opposé) *#: sans accent: ngambo et ngambo *# kokoma (écrire) ou kokóma (arriver) *#: sans accent: kokoma et kokoma ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium : </span> <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span> <p style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Le seul accent tonique parfois indiqué est sur le á, et peut-être ú. == Clavier Lingala / Lingala Keyboard Layout == voir / see : [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Keyboard]] 2470 2005-03-25T06:41:15Z Moyogo 11 /* Clavier Lingala / Lingala Keyboard Layout */ Mbɔ́tɛ! Références : * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode], voir [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique2.htm] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr-ln)] (CC by-nc-sa License ), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://pageperso.aol.fr/ashemtem/mapage/artiste.html Dictionnaire] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] * [http://www.rosettaproject.org/live/search/detailedlanguagerecord?ethnocode=LIN Rosetta Project - Lingala] - DO NOT copy on wikipedia! but link! Liens : [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] | [http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp forum congo2000] | [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] | [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] | [http://www.cherbearsden.com/story1AT.html Kid's stories] | [http://www.wmpress.org/alc_text/kinshasa%20lingala.htm Versets] == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils important? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : *# moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) *#: sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto *#: si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto *# "nabétaka yé" (Je le frappe tout le temps) ou "nabétáká yé" (Je l'ai frappé il y a longtemps) *#: sans accent: "nabetaka ye" et "nabetaka ye" *# ngambo (difficulté) ou ngámbo (la rive opposé) *#: sans accent: ngambo et ngambo *# kokoma (écrire) ou kokóma (arriver) *#: sans accent: kokoma et kokoma ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium : </span> <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span> <p style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Le seul accent tonique parfois indiqué est sur le á, et peut-être ú. == Clavier Lingala / Lingala Keyboard Layout == voir / see : [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Keyboard]] == Localisation == [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Localization]] 2471 2005-03-25T06:42:51Z Moyogo 11 /* Clavier Lingala / Lingala Keyboard Layout */ Mbɔ́tɛ! Références : * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode], voir [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique2.htm] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr-ln)] (CC by-nc-sa License ), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://pageperso.aol.fr/ashemtem/mapage/artiste.html Dictionnaire] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] * [http://www.rosettaproject.org/live/search/detailedlanguagerecord?ethnocode=LIN Rosetta Project - Lingala] - DO NOT copy on wikipedia! but link! Liens : [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] | [http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp forum congo2000] | [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] | [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] | [http://www.cherbearsden.com/story1AT.html Kid's stories] | [http://www.wmpress.org/alc_text/kinshasa%20lingala.htm Versets] == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils important? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : *# moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) *#: sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto *#: si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto *# "nabétaka yé" (Je le frappe tout le temps) ou "nabétáká yé" (Je l'ai frappé il y a longtemps) *#: sans accent: "nabetaka ye" et "nabetaka ye" *# ngambo (difficulté) ou ngámbo (la rive opposé) *#: sans accent: ngambo et ngambo *# kokoma (écrire) ou kokóma (arriver) *#: sans accent: kokoma et kokoma ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium : </span> <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span> <p style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Le seul accent tonique parfois indiqué est sur le á, et peut-être ú. == Clavier Lingala / Lingala Keyboard Layout == voir / see : [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Keyboard]] # Windows #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 azerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier Français) #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-US-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier US) # Mac OS X #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-qwerty-OSX-0.1.tar.gz Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Mac OS X (10.2+) # Linux #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-qwerty-Linux-0.1.tar.gz Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Xorg ou XFree86 === Claviers Africains === * http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/Projects/#tabl * clavier Africain - qwerty (certains caractères manquant ne sont pas encore définis par Unicode) *# [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/African-qwerty-Linux-0.2.tar.gz African-qwerty-Linux-0.2.tar.gz] *# [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/African-qwerty-0.1.zip African-qwerty-0.1.zip] == Localisation == [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Localization]] 2569 2005-03-25T06:46:59Z Moyogo 11 /* Clavier Lingala / Lingala Keyboard Layout */ Mbɔ́tɛ! Références : * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode], voir [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique2.htm] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr-ln)] (CC by-nc-sa License ), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://pageperso.aol.fr/ashemtem/mapage/artiste.html Dictionnaire] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] * [http://www.rosettaproject.org/live/search/detailedlanguagerecord?ethnocode=LIN Rosetta Project - Lingala] - DO NOT copy on wikipedia! but link! Liens : [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] | [http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp forum congo2000] | [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] | [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] | [http://www.cherbearsden.com/story1AT.html Kid's stories] | [http://www.wmpress.org/alc_text/kinshasa%20lingala.htm Versets] == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils important? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : *# moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) *#: sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto *#: si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto *# "nabétaka yé" (Je le frappe tout le temps) ou "nabétáká yé" (Je l'ai frappé il y a longtemps) *#: sans accent: "nabetaka ye" et "nabetaka ye" *# ngambo (difficulté) ou ngámbo (la rive opposé) *#: sans accent: ngambo et ngambo *# kokoma (écrire) ou kokóma (arriver) *#: sans accent: kokoma et kokoma ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium : </span> <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span> <p style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Le seul accent tonique parfois indiqué est sur le á, et peut-être ú. == Clavier Lingala / Lingala Keyboard Layout == Lingala keyboard for Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> Clavier Lingala pour Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> voir / see : [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Keyboard]] == Localisation == [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Localization]] 2570 2005-04-03T21:24:13Z 65.95.47.168 Mbɔ́tɛ! == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils important? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : *# moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) *#: sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto *#: si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto *# "nabétaka yé" (Je le frappe tout le temps) ou "nabétáká yé" (Je l'ai frappé il y a longtemps) *#: sans accent: "nabetaka ye" et "nabetaka ye" *# ngambo (difficulté) ou ngámbo (la rive opposé) *#: sans accent: ngambo et ngambo *# kokoma (écrire) ou kokóma (arriver) *#: sans accent: kokoma et kokoma ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium : </span> <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span> <p style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Le seul accent tonique parfois indiqué est sur le á, et peut-être ú. == Clavier Lingala / Lingala Keyboard Layout == Lingala keyboard for Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> Clavier Lingala pour Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> voir / see : [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Keyboard]] == Localisation == [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Localization]] == Références == * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode], voir [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique2.htm] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr-ln)] (CC by-nc-sa License ), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://pageperso.aol.fr/ashemtem/mapage/artiste.html Dictionnaire] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] * [http://www.rosettaproject.org/live/search/detailedlanguagerecord?ethnocode=LIN Rosetta Project - Lingala] - DO NOT copy on wikipedia! but link! Liens : [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] | [http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp forum congo2000] | [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] | [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] | [http://www.cherbearsden.com/story1AT.html Kid's stories] | [http://www.wmpress.org/alc_text/kinshasa%20lingala.htm Versets] 2584 2005-04-03T21:33:22Z 65.95.47.168 /* Accents et caractères spéciaux */ coquilles et liens Mbɔ́tɛ! == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils importants? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : *# moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) *#: sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto *#: si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto *# "nabétaka yé" (Je le frappe tout le temps) ou "nabétáká yé" (Je l'ai frappé il y a longtemps) *#: sans accent: "nabetaka ye" et "nabetaka ye" *# ngambo (difficulté) ou ngámbo (la rive opposé) *#: sans accent: ngambo et ngambo *# kokoma (écrire) ou kokóma (arriver) *#: sans accent: kokoma et kokoma ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) <p style="font-family:Doulos SIL"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Le seul accent tonique parfois indiqué est sur le á, et peut-être ú. == Clavier Lingala / Lingala Keyboard Layout == Lingala keyboard for Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> Clavier Lingala pour Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> voir / see : [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Keyboard]] == Localisation == [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Localization]] == Références == * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode], voir [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique2.htm] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr-ln)] (CC by-nc-sa License ), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://pageperso.aol.fr/ashemtem/mapage/artiste.html Dictionnaire] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] * [http://www.rosettaproject.org/live/search/detailedlanguagerecord?ethnocode=LIN Rosetta Project - Lingala] - DO NOT copy on wikipedia! but link! Liens : [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] | [http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp forum congo2000] | [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] | [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] | [http://www.cherbearsden.com/story1AT.html Kid's stories] | [http://www.wmpress.org/alc_text/kinshasa%20lingala.htm Versets] 2585 2005-04-20T15:25:15Z Moyogo 11 Mbɔ́tɛ! Tribu : Manga na Yameke (na Molengo) <br /> Ethnie : Mbuza == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils importants? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : *# moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) *#: sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto *#: si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto *# "nabétaka yé" (Je le frappe tout le temps) ou "nabétáká yé" (Je l'ai frappé il y a longtemps) *#: sans accent: "nabetaka ye" et "nabetaka ye" *# ngambo (difficulté) ou ngámbo (la rive opposé) *#: sans accent: ngambo et ngambo *# kokoma (écrire) ou kokóma (arriver) *#: sans accent: kokoma et kokoma ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) <p style="font-family:Doulos SIL"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Le seul accent tonique parfois indiqué est sur le á, et peut-être ú. == Clavier Lingala / Lingala Keyboard Layout == Lingala keyboard for Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> Clavier Lingala pour Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> voir / see : [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Keyboard]] == Localisation == [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Localization]] == Références == * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode], voir [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique2.htm] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr-ln)] (CC by-nc-sa License ), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://pageperso.aol.fr/ashemtem/mapage/artiste.html Dictionnaire] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] * [http://www.rosettaproject.org/live/search/detailedlanguagerecord?ethnocode=LIN Rosetta Project - Lingala] - DO NOT copy on wikipedia! but link! Liens : [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] | [http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp forum congo2000] | [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] | [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] | [http://www.cherbearsden.com/story1AT.html Kid's stories] | [http://www.wmpress.org/alc_text/kinshasa%20lingala.htm Versets] 2586 2005-04-20T15:33:02Z Moyogo 11 Mbɔ́tɛ! Tribu : Manga na Yameke (na Molengo) <br /> Ethnie : Mbuja (Mbuza) == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils importants? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : *# moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) *#: sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto *#: si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto *# "nabétaka yé" (Je le frappe tout le temps) ou "nabétáká yé" (Je l'ai frappé il y a longtemps) *#: sans accent: "nabetaka ye" et "nabetaka ye" *# ngambo (difficulté) ou ngámbo (la rive opposé) *#: sans accent: ngambo et ngambo *# kokoma (écrire) ou kokóma (arriver) *#: sans accent: kokoma et kokoma ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) <p style="font-family:Doulos SIL"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Le seul accent tonique parfois indiqué est sur le á, et peut-être ú. == Clavier Lingala / Lingala Keyboard Layout == Lingala keyboard for Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> Clavier Lingala pour Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> voir / see : [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Keyboard]] == Localisation == [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Localization]] == Références == * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode], voir [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique2.htm] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr-ln)] (CC by-nc-sa License ), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://pageperso.aol.fr/ashemtem/mapage/artiste.html Dictionnaire] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] * [http://www.rosettaproject.org/live/search/detailedlanguagerecord?ethnocode=LIN Rosetta Project - Lingala] - DO NOT copy on wikipedia! but link! Liens : [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] | [http://www.congo2000.net/discussions/default.asp forum congo2000] | [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] | [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] | [http://www.cherbearsden.com/story1AT.html Kid's stories] | [http://www.wmpress.org/alc_text/kinshasa%20lingala.htm Versets] 2587 2005-04-23T12:51:42Z Moyogo 11 /* Références */ Mbɔ́tɛ! Tribu : Manga na Yameke (na Molengo) <br /> Ethnie : Mbuja (Mbuza) == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils importants? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : *# moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) *#: sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto *#: si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto *# "nabétaka yé" (Je le frappe tout le temps) ou "nabétáká yé" (Je l'ai frappé il y a longtemps) *#: sans accent: "nabetaka ye" et "nabetaka ye" *# ngambo (difficulté) ou ngámbo (la rive opposé) *#: sans accent: ngambo et ngambo *# kokoma (écrire) ou kokóma (arriver) *#: sans accent: kokoma et kokoma ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) <p style="font-family:Doulos SIL"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Le seul accent tonique parfois indiqué est sur le á, et peut-être ú. == Clavier Lingala / Lingala Keyboard Layout == Lingala keyboard for Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> Clavier Lingala pour Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> voir / see : [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Keyboard]] == Localisation == [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Localization]] == Références == * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode], voir [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique2.htm] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr-ln)] (CC by-nc-sa License ), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://pageperso.aol.fr/ashemtem/mapage/artiste.html Dictionnaire] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] * [http://www.rosettaproject.org/live/search/detailedlanguagerecord?ethnocode=LIN Rosetta Project - Lingala] - DO NOT copy on wikipedia! but link! Liens : [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] | [http://www.congo2000.net/forums/index.php forum congo2000] | [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] | [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] | [http://www.cherbearsden.com/story1AT.html Kid's stories] | [http://www.wmpress.org/alc_text/kinshasa%20lingala.htm Versets] 2588 2005-04-23T12:57:02Z Moyogo 11 /* Références */ Mbɔ́tɛ! Tribu : Manga na Yameke (na Molengo) <br /> Ethnie : Mbuja (Mbuza) == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils importants? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : *# moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) *#: sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto *#: si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto *# "nabétaka yé" (Je le frappe tout le temps) ou "nabétáká yé" (Je l'ai frappé il y a longtemps) *#: sans accent: "nabetaka ye" et "nabetaka ye" *# ngambo (difficulté) ou ngámbo (la rive opposé) *#: sans accent: ngambo et ngambo *# kokoma (écrire) ou kokóma (arriver) *#: sans accent: kokoma et kokoma ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) <p style="font-family:Doulos SIL"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Le seul accent tonique parfois indiqué est sur le á, et peut-être ú. == Clavier Lingala / Lingala Keyboard Layout == Lingala keyboard for Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> Clavier Lingala pour Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> voir / see : [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Keyboard]] == Localisation == [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Localization]] == Références == * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode], voir [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique2.htm] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr-ln)] (CC by-nc-sa License ), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://pageperso.aol.fr/ashemtem/mapage/artiste.html Dictionnaire] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] * [http://www.rosettaproject.org/live/search/detailedlanguagerecord?ethnocode=LIN Rosetta Project - Lingala] - DO NOT copy on wikipedia! but link! * [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/outils/lingala.php Les nombres en lingala] Liens : [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] | [http://www.congo2000.net/forums/index.php forum congo2000] | [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] | [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] | [http://www.cherbearsden.com/story1AT.html Kid's stories] | [http://www.wmpress.org/alc_text/kinshasa%20lingala.htm Versets] 2666 2005-04-26T05:39:12Z Moyogo 11 /* Références */ Mbɔ́tɛ! Tribu : Manga na Yameke (na Molengo) <br /> Ethnie : Mbuja (Mbuza) == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils importants? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : *# moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) *#: sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto *#: si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto *# "nabétaka yé" (Je le frappe tout le temps) ou "nabétáká yé" (Je l'ai frappé il y a longtemps) *#: sans accent: "nabetaka ye" et "nabetaka ye" *# ngambo (difficulté) ou ngámbo (la rive opposé) *#: sans accent: ngambo et ngambo *# kokoma (écrire) ou kokóma (arriver) *#: sans accent: kokoma et kokoma ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) <p style="font-family:Doulos SIL"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Le seul accent tonique parfois indiqué est sur le á, et peut-être ú. == Clavier Lingala / Lingala Keyboard Layout == Lingala keyboard for Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> Clavier Lingala pour Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> voir / see : [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Keyboard]] == Localisation == [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Localization]] == Références == * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode], voir [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique2.htm] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr-ln)] (CC by-nc-sa License ), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://pageperso.aol.fr/ashemtem/mapage/artiste.html Dictionnaire] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] * [http://www.rosettaproject.org/live/search/detailedlanguagerecord?ethnocode=LIN Rosetta Project - Lingala] - DO NOT copy on wikipedia! but link! * [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/outils/lingala.php Les nombres en lingala] * [http://www.indiana.edu/~hlw/Appendices/languages.html How language works] Liens : [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] | [http://www.congo2000.net/forums/index.php forum congo2000] | [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] | [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] | [http://www.cherbearsden.com/story1AT.html Kid's stories] | [http://www.wmpress.org/alc_text/kinshasa%20lingala.htm Versets] 2688 2005-05-16T19:27:07Z 66.46.93.131 Mbɔ́tɛ! == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils importants? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : *# moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) *#: sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto *#: si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto *# "nabétaka yé" (Je le frappe tout le temps) ou "nabétáká yé" (Je l'ai frappé il y a longtemps) *#: sans accent: "nabetaka ye" et "nabetaka ye" *# ngambo (difficulté) ou ngámbo (la rive opposé) *#: sans accent: ngambo et ngambo *# kokoma (écrire) ou kokóma (arriver) *#: sans accent: kokoma et kokoma ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) <p style="font-family:Doulos SIL"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Le seul accent tonique parfois indiqué est sur le á, et peut-être ú. == Clavier Lingala / Lingala Keyboard Layout == Lingala keyboard for Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> Clavier Lingala pour Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> voir / see : [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Keyboard]] == Localisation == [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Localization]] == Références == * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode], voir [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique2.htm] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr-ln)] (CC by-nc-sa License ), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://pageperso.aol.fr/ashemtem/mapage/artiste.html Dictionnaire] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] * [http://www.rosettaproject.org/live/search/detailedlanguagerecord?ethnocode=LIN Rosetta Project - Lingala] - DO NOT copy on wikipedia! but link! * [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/outils/lingala.php Les nombres en lingala] * [http://www.indiana.edu/~hlw/Appendices/languages.html How language works] Liens : [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] | [http://www.congo2000.net/forums/index.php forum congo2000] | [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] | [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] | [http://www.cherbearsden.com/story1AT.html Kid's stories] | [http://www.wmpress.org/alc_text/kinshasa%20lingala.htm Versets] 4621 2005-05-28T01:09:37Z Moyogo 11 /* Graphie */ Mbɔ́tɛ! == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils importants? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : *# moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) *#: sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto *#: si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto *# "nabétaka yé" (Je le frappe tout le temps) ou "nabétáká yé" (Je l'ai frappé il y a longtemps) *#: sans accent: "nabetaka ye" et "nabetaka ye" *# ngambo (difficulté) ou ngámbo (la rive opposé) *#: sans accent: ngambo et ngambo *# kokoma (écrire) ou kokóma (arriver) *#: sans accent: kokoma et kokoma ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) <p style="font-family:Doulos SIL"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Le seul accent tonique parfois indiqué est sur le á, et peut-être ú. === Encodage === Il existe très peu d'encodage supportant les jeux de caractères lingala. * [http://www.progiciels-bpi.ca/tcao/exrecode.html AFRLIN-104-BPI_OCIL] - support complet * [http://www.unicode.org/ Unicode] - support partiel (les accents sont seulement accessible en ''modifier'' pour les ɔ et ɛ). == Clavier Lingala / Lingala Keyboard Layout == Lingala keyboard for Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> Clavier Lingala pour Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> voir / see : [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Keyboard]] == Localisation == [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Localization]] == Références == * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode], voir [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique2.htm] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr-ln)] (CC by-nc-sa License ), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://pageperso.aol.fr/ashemtem/mapage/artiste.html Dictionnaire] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] * [http://www.rosettaproject.org/live/search/detailedlanguagerecord?ethnocode=LIN Rosetta Project - Lingala] - DO NOT copy on wikipedia! but link! * [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/outils/lingala.php Les nombres en lingala] * [http://www.indiana.edu/~hlw/Appendices/languages.html How language works] Liens : [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] | [http://www.congo2000.net/forums/index.php forum congo2000] | [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] | [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] | [http://www.cherbearsden.com/story1AT.html Kid's stories] | [http://www.wmpress.org/alc_text/kinshasa%20lingala.htm Versets] 5746 2005-07-27T06:04:59Z Moyogo 11 +ln-1 Mbɔ́tɛ! <div style="float:right">{{User_ln-1}}</div> == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils importants? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : *# moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) *#: sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto *#: si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto *# "nabétaka yé" (Je le frappe tout le temps) ou "nabétáká yé" (Je l'ai frappé il y a longtemps) *#: sans accent: "nabetaka ye" et "nabetaka ye" *# ngambo (difficulté) ou ngámbo (la rive opposé) *#: sans accent: ngambo et ngambo *# kokoma (écrire) ou kokóma (arriver) *#: sans accent: kokoma et kokoma ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) <p style="font-family:Doulos SIL"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Le seul accent tonique parfois indiqué est sur le á, et peut-être ú. === Encodage === Il existe très peu d'encodage supportant les jeux de caractères lingala. * [http://www.progiciels-bpi.ca/tcao/exrecode.html AFRLIN-104-BPI_OCIL] - support complet * [http://www.unicode.org/ Unicode] - support partiel (les accents sont seulement accessible en ''modifier'' pour les ɔ et ɛ). == Clavier Lingala / Lingala Keyboard Layout == Lingala keyboard for Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> Clavier Lingala pour Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> voir / see : [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Keyboard]] == Localisation == [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Localization]] == Références == * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode], voir [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique2.htm] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr-ln)] (CC by-nc-sa License ), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://pageperso.aol.fr/ashemtem/mapage/artiste.html Dictionnaire] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] * [http://www.rosettaproject.org/live/search/detailedlanguagerecord?ethnocode=LIN Rosetta Project - Lingala] - DO NOT copy on wikipedia! but link! * [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/outils/lingala.php Les nombres en lingala] * [http://www.indiana.edu/~hlw/Appendices/languages.html How language works] Liens : [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] | [http://www.congo2000.net/forums/index.php forum congo2000] | [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] | [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] | [http://www.cherbearsden.com/story1AT.html Kid's stories] | [http://www.wmpress.org/alc_text/kinshasa%20lingala.htm Versets] 5879 2005-07-31T12:40:33Z Moyogo 11 Mbɔ́tɛ! <div style="float:right">{{User_ln-1}}</div> == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils importants? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : *# moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) *#: sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto *#: si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto *# "nabétaka yé" (Je le frappe tout le temps) ou "nabétáká yé" (Je l'ai frappé il y a longtemps) *#: sans accent: "nabetaka ye" et "nabetaka ye" *# ngambo (difficulté) ou ngámbo (la rive opposé) *#: sans accent: ngambo et ngambo *# kokoma (écrire) ou kokóma (arriver) *#: sans accent: kokoma et kokoma ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) <p style="font-family:Doulos SIL"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Le seul accent tonique parfois indiqué est sur le á, et peut-être ú. === Encodage === Il existe très peu d'encodage supportant les jeux de caractères lingala. * [http://www.progiciels-bpi.ca/tcao/exrecode.html AFRLIN-104-BPI_OCIL] - support complet * [http://www.unicode.org/ Unicode] - support partiel (les accents sont seulement accessible en ''modifier'' pour les ɔ et ɛ). == Clavier Lingala / Lingala Keyboard Layout == Lingala keyboard for Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> Clavier Lingala pour Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> voir / see : [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Keyboard]] == Localisation == [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Localization]] == Ndakisa == * [[User:Moyogo/Lonkásá ndakisa]] == Références == * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode], voir [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique2.htm] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr-ln)] (CC by-nc-sa License ), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://pageperso.aol.fr/ashemtem/mapage/artiste.html Dictionnaire] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] * [http://www.rosettaproject.org/live/search/detailedlanguagerecord?ethnocode=LIN Rosetta Project - Lingala] - DO NOT copy on wikipedia! but link! * [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/outils/lingala.php Les nombres en lingala] * [http://www.indiana.edu/~hlw/Appendices/languages.html How language works] Liens : [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] | [http://www.congo2000.net/forums/index.php forum congo2000] | [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] | [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] | [http://www.cherbearsden.com/story1AT.html Kid's stories] | [http://www.wmpress.org/alc_text/kinshasa%20lingala.htm Versets] 5880 2005-07-31T12:43:04Z Moyogo 11 Mbɔ́tɛ! {{babel-4|ln-1|fr|en-3|es-2}} == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils importants? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : *# moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) *#: sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto *#: si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto *# "nabétaka yé" (Je le frappe tout le temps) ou "nabétáká yé" (Je l'ai frappé il y a longtemps) *#: sans accent: "nabetaka ye" et "nabetaka ye" *# ngambo (difficulté) ou ngámbo (la rive opposé) *#: sans accent: ngambo et ngambo *# kokoma (écrire) ou kokóma (arriver) *#: sans accent: kokoma et kokoma ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) <p style="font-family:Doulos SIL"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Le seul accent tonique parfois indiqué est sur le á, et peut-être ú. === Encodage === Il existe très peu d'encodage supportant les jeux de caractères lingala. * [http://www.progiciels-bpi.ca/tcao/exrecode.html AFRLIN-104-BPI_OCIL] - support complet * [http://www.unicode.org/ Unicode] - support partiel (les accents sont seulement accessible en ''modifier'' pour les ɔ et ɛ). == Clavier Lingala / Lingala Keyboard Layout == Lingala keyboard for Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> Clavier Lingala pour Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> voir / see : [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Keyboard]] == Localisation == [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Localization]] == Ndakisa == * [[User:Moyogo/Lonkásá ndakisa]] == Références == * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode], voir [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique2.htm] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr-ln)] (CC by-nc-sa License ), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://pageperso.aol.fr/ashemtem/mapage/artiste.html Dictionnaire] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] * [http://www.rosettaproject.org/live/search/detailedlanguagerecord?ethnocode=LIN Rosetta Project - Lingala] - DO NOT copy on wikipedia! but link! * [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/outils/lingala.php Les nombres en lingala] * [http://www.indiana.edu/~hlw/Appendices/languages.html How language works] Liens : [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] | [http://www.congo2000.net/forums/index.php forum congo2000] | [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] | [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] | [http://www.cherbearsden.com/story1AT.html Kid's stories] | [http://www.wmpress.org/alc_text/kinshasa%20lingala.htm Versets] 5976 2005-08-02T12:36:52Z Moyogo 11 /* Encodage */ Mbɔ́tɛ! {{babel-4|ln-1|fr|en-3|es-2}} == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils importants? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : *# moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) *#: sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto *#: si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto *# "nabétaka yé" (Je le frappe tout le temps) ou "nabétáká yé" (Je l'ai frappé il y a longtemps) *#: sans accent: "nabetaka ye" et "nabetaka ye" *# ngambo (difficulté) ou ngámbo (la rive opposé) *#: sans accent: ngambo et ngambo *# kokoma (écrire) ou kokóma (arriver) *#: sans accent: kokoma et kokoma ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) <p style="font-family:Doulos SIL"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Le seul accent tonique parfois indiqué est sur le á, et peut-être ú. === Encodage === Il existe très peu d'encodage supportant les jeux de caractères lingala. * [http://www.progiciels-bpi.ca/tcao/exrecode.html AFRLIN-104-BPI_OCIL] - support complet * [http://www.unicode.org/ Unicode] - support théorique (les accents sont seulement accessible en ''modifier'' pour les ɔ et ɛ), manque d'applications et de polices de caractères compétents == Clavier Lingala / Lingala Keyboard Layout == Lingala keyboard for Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> Clavier Lingala pour Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> voir / see : [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Keyboard]] == Localisation == [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Localization]] == Ndakisa == * [[User:Moyogo/Lonkásá ndakisa]] == Références == * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode], voir [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique2.htm] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr-ln)] (CC by-nc-sa License ), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://pageperso.aol.fr/ashemtem/mapage/artiste.html Dictionnaire] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] * [http://www.rosettaproject.org/live/search/detailedlanguagerecord?ethnocode=LIN Rosetta Project - Lingala] - DO NOT copy on wikipedia! but link! * [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/outils/lingala.php Les nombres en lingala] * [http://www.indiana.edu/~hlw/Appendices/languages.html How language works] Liens : [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] | [http://www.congo2000.net/forums/index.php forum congo2000] | [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] | [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] | [http://www.cherbearsden.com/story1AT.html Kid's stories] | [http://www.wmpress.org/alc_text/kinshasa%20lingala.htm Versets] 5977 2005-08-02T12:37:06Z Moyogo 11 /* Encodage */ Mbɔ́tɛ! {{babel-4|ln-1|fr|en-3|es-2}} == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils importants? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : *# moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) *#: sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto *#: si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto *# "nabétaka yé" (Je le frappe tout le temps) ou "nabétáká yé" (Je l'ai frappé il y a longtemps) *#: sans accent: "nabetaka ye" et "nabetaka ye" *# ngambo (difficulté) ou ngámbo (la rive opposé) *#: sans accent: ngambo et ngambo *# kokoma (écrire) ou kokóma (arriver) *#: sans accent: kokoma et kokoma ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) <p style="font-family:Doulos SIL"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Le seul accent tonique parfois indiqué est sur le á, et peut-être ú. === Encodage === Il existe très peu d'encodage supportant les jeux de caractères lingala. * [http://www.progiciels-bpi.ca/tcao/exrecode.html AFRLIN-104-BPI_OCIL] - support complet * [http://www.unicode.org/ Unicode] - support théorique (les accents sont seulement accessible en ''modifier'' pour les ɔ et ɛ), manque d'applications et de polices de caractères compétentes == Clavier Lingala / Lingala Keyboard Layout == Lingala keyboard for Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> Clavier Lingala pour Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> voir / see : [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Keyboard]] == Localisation == [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Localization]] == Ndakisa == * [[User:Moyogo/Lonkásá ndakisa]] == Références == * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode], voir [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique2.htm] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr-ln)] (CC by-nc-sa License ), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://pageperso.aol.fr/ashemtem/mapage/artiste.html Dictionnaire] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] * [http://www.rosettaproject.org/live/search/detailedlanguagerecord?ethnocode=LIN Rosetta Project - Lingala] - DO NOT copy on wikipedia! but link! * [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/outils/lingala.php Les nombres en lingala] * [http://www.indiana.edu/~hlw/Appendices/languages.html How language works] Liens : [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] | [http://www.congo2000.net/forums/index.php forum congo2000] | [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] | [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] | [http://www.cherbearsden.com/story1AT.html Kid's stories] | [http://www.wmpress.org/alc_text/kinshasa%20lingala.htm Versets] 5984 2005-08-04T14:52:16Z Moyogo 11 /* Références */ Mbɔ́tɛ! {{babel-4|ln-1|fr|en-3|es-2}} == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils importants? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : *# moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) *#: sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto *#: si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto *# "nabétaka yé" (Je le frappe tout le temps) ou "nabétáká yé" (Je l'ai frappé il y a longtemps) *#: sans accent: "nabetaka ye" et "nabetaka ye" *# ngambo (difficulté) ou ngámbo (la rive opposé) *#: sans accent: ngambo et ngambo *# kokoma (écrire) ou kokóma (arriver) *#: sans accent: kokoma et kokoma ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) <p style="font-family:Doulos SIL"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Le seul accent tonique parfois indiqué est sur le á, et peut-être ú. === Encodage === Il existe très peu d'encodage supportant les jeux de caractères lingala. * [http://www.progiciels-bpi.ca/tcao/exrecode.html AFRLIN-104-BPI_OCIL] - support complet * [http://www.unicode.org/ Unicode] - support théorique (les accents sont seulement accessible en ''modifier'' pour les ɔ et ɛ), manque d'applications et de polices de caractères compétentes == Clavier Lingala / Lingala Keyboard Layout == Lingala keyboard for Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> Clavier Lingala pour Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> voir / see : [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Keyboard]] == Localisation == [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Localization]] == Ndakisa == * [[User:Moyogo/Lonkásá ndakisa]] == Références == * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode], voir [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique2.htm] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr-ln)] (CC by-nc-sa License ), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://pageperso.aol.fr/ashemtem/mapage/artiste.html Dictionnaire] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] * [http://www.rosettaproject.org/live/search/detailedlanguagerecord?ethnocode=LIN Rosetta Project - Lingala] - DO NOT copy on wikipedia! but link! * [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/outils/lingala.php Les nombres en lingala] * [http://www.indiana.edu/~hlw/Appendices/languages.html How language works] * [http://www.congo2005.be/ Mambí ma Ekoló Kongó] Liens : [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] | [http://www.congo2000.net/forums/index.php forum congo2000] | [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] | [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] | [http://www.cherbearsden.com/story1AT.html Kid's stories] | [http://www.wmpress.org/alc_text/kinshasa%20lingala.htm Versets] 6291 2005-09-24T21:46:53Z Moyogo 11 /* Ndakisa */ Mbɔ́tɛ! {{babel-4|ln-1|fr|en-3|es-2}} == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils importants? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : *# moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) *#: sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto *#: si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto *# "nabétaka yé" (Je le frappe tout le temps) ou "nabétáká yé" (Je l'ai frappé il y a longtemps) *#: sans accent: "nabetaka ye" et "nabetaka ye" *# ngambo (difficulté) ou ngámbo (la rive opposé) *#: sans accent: ngambo et ngambo *# kokoma (écrire) ou kokóma (arriver) *#: sans accent: kokoma et kokoma ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) <p style="font-family:Doulos SIL"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Le seul accent tonique parfois indiqué est sur le á, et peut-être ú. === Encodage === Il existe très peu d'encodage supportant les jeux de caractères lingala. * [http://www.progiciels-bpi.ca/tcao/exrecode.html AFRLIN-104-BPI_OCIL] - support complet * [http://www.unicode.org/ Unicode] - support théorique (les accents sont seulement accessible en ''modifier'' pour les ɔ et ɛ), manque d'applications et de polices de caractères compétentes == Clavier Lingala / Lingala Keyboard Layout == Lingala keyboard for Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> Clavier Lingala pour Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> voir / see : [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Keyboard]] == Localisation == [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Localization]] == Ndakisa == * [[User:Moyogo/Lonkásá ndakisa]] == Terminologie === * [[User:Moyogo/Terminologie]] == Références == * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode], voir [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique2.htm] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr-ln)] (CC by-nc-sa License ), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://pageperso.aol.fr/ashemtem/mapage/artiste.html Dictionnaire] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] * [http://www.rosettaproject.org/live/search/detailedlanguagerecord?ethnocode=LIN Rosetta Project - Lingala] - DO NOT copy on wikipedia! but link! * [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/outils/lingala.php Les nombres en lingala] * [http://www.indiana.edu/~hlw/Appendices/languages.html How language works] * [http://www.congo2005.be/ Mambí ma Ekoló Kongó] Liens : [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] | [http://www.congo2000.net/forums/index.php forum congo2000] | [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] | [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] | [http://www.cherbearsden.com/story1AT.html Kid's stories] | [http://www.wmpress.org/alc_text/kinshasa%20lingala.htm Versets] 6294 2005-09-25T10:30:33Z Moyogo 11 /* Terminologie = */ Mbɔ́tɛ! {{babel-4|ln-1|fr|en-3|es-2}} == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils importants? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : *# moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) *#: sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto *#: si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto *# "nabétaka yé" (Je le frappe tout le temps) ou "nabétáká yé" (Je l'ai frappé il y a longtemps) *#: sans accent: "nabetaka ye" et "nabetaka ye" *# ngambo (difficulté) ou ngámbo (la rive opposé) *#: sans accent: ngambo et ngambo *# kokoma (écrire) ou kokóma (arriver) *#: sans accent: kokoma et kokoma ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) <p style="font-family:Doulos SIL"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Le seul accent tonique parfois indiqué est sur le á, et peut-être ú. === Encodage === Il existe très peu d'encodage supportant les jeux de caractères lingala. * [http://www.progiciels-bpi.ca/tcao/exrecode.html AFRLIN-104-BPI_OCIL] - support complet * [http://www.unicode.org/ Unicode] - support théorique (les accents sont seulement accessible en ''modifier'' pour les ɔ et ɛ), manque d'applications et de polices de caractères compétentes == Clavier Lingala / Lingala Keyboard Layout == Lingala keyboard for Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> Clavier Lingala pour Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> voir / see : [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Keyboard]] == Localisation == [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Localization]] == Ndakisa == * [[User:Moyogo/Lonkásá ndakisa]] == Terminologie == * [[User:Moyogo/Terminologie]] == Références == * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] - '''sans accents!''' * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode], voir [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique2.htm] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr-ln)] (CC by-nc-sa License ), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://pageperso.aol.fr/ashemtem/mapage/artiste.html Dictionnaire] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] * [http://www.rosettaproject.org/live/search/detailedlanguagerecord?ethnocode=LIN Rosetta Project - Lingala] - DO NOT copy on wikipedia! but link! * [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/outils/lingala.php Les nombres en lingala] * [http://www.indiana.edu/~hlw/Appendices/languages.html How language works] * [http://www.congo2005.be/ Mambí ma Ekoló Kongó] Liens : [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] | [http://www.congo2000.net/forums/index.php forum congo2000] | [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] | [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] | [http://www.cherbearsden.com/story1AT.html Kid's stories] | [http://www.wmpress.org/alc_text/kinshasa%20lingala.htm Versets] 6301 2005-09-26T22:27:11Z Moyogo 11 /* Références */ Mbɔ́tɛ! {{babel-4|ln-1|fr|en-3|es-2}} == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils importants? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : *# moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) *#: sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto *#: si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto *# "nabétaka yé" (Je le frappe tout le temps) ou "nabétáká yé" (Je l'ai frappé il y a longtemps) *#: sans accent: "nabetaka ye" et "nabetaka ye" *# ngambo (difficulté) ou ngámbo (la rive opposé) *#: sans accent: ngambo et ngambo *# kokoma (écrire) ou kokóma (arriver) *#: sans accent: kokoma et kokoma ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) <p style="font-family:Doulos SIL"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Le seul accent tonique parfois indiqué est sur le á, et peut-être ú. === Encodage === Il existe très peu d'encodage supportant les jeux de caractères lingala. * [http://www.progiciels-bpi.ca/tcao/exrecode.html AFRLIN-104-BPI_OCIL] - support complet * [http://www.unicode.org/ Unicode] - support théorique (les accents sont seulement accessible en ''modifier'' pour les ɔ et ɛ), manque d'applications et de polices de caractères compétentes == Clavier Lingala / Lingala Keyboard Layout == Lingala keyboard for Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> Clavier Lingala pour Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> voir / see : [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Keyboard]] == Localisation == [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Localization]] == Ndakisa == * [[User:Moyogo/Lonkásá ndakisa]] == Terminologie == * [[User:Moyogo/Terminologie]] == Références == === Lingála === * [http://www.translationbureau.gc.ca/pwgsc_internet/fr/publications/gratuit_free/lex_panafricain/remer_l.htm Maloba ma masano na Afríka] === Lingala - '''orthographe laxe''' === * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] * [http://www.congo2005.be/ Mambí ma Ekoló Kongó] * [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/outils/lingala.php Les nombres en lingala] === Misúsu === * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode], voir [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique2.htm] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr-ln)] (CC by-nc-sa License ), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://pageperso.aol.fr/ashemtem/mapage/artiste.html Dictionnaire] * [http://www.rosettaproject.org/live/search/detailedlanguagerecord?ethnocode=LIN Rosetta Project - Lingala] - DO NOT copy on wikipedia! but link! * [http://www.indiana.edu/~hlw/Appendices/languages.html How language works] Liens : [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] | [http://www.congo2000.net/forums/index.php forum congo2000] | [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] | [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] | [http://www.cherbearsden.com/story1AT.html Kid's stories] | [http://www.wmpress.org/alc_text/kinshasa%20lingala.htm Versets] 6763 2005-11-05T21:28:35Z Moyogo 11 /* Test */ Mbɔ́tɛ! {{babel-4|ln-1|fr|en-3|es-2}} == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils importants? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : *# moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) *#: sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto *#: si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto *# "nabétaka yé" (Je le frappe tout le temps) ou "nabétáká yé" (Je l'ai frappé il y a longtemps) *#: sans accent: "nabetaka ye" et "nabetaka ye" *# ngambo (difficulté) ou ngámbo (la rive opposé) *#: sans accent: ngambo et ngambo *# kokoma (écrire) ou kokóma (arriver) *#: sans accent: kokoma et kokoma ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">DejaVu Sans : </span>( [http://dejavu.sourceforge.net/wiki/index.php/Download Download]) * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) <p style="font-family:Doulos SIL"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Le seul accent tonique parfois indiqué est sur le á, et peut-être ú. === Encodage === Il existe très peu d'encodage supportant les jeux de caractères lingala. * [http://www.progiciels-bpi.ca/tcao/exrecode.html AFRLIN-104-BPI_OCIL] - support complet * [http://www.unicode.org/ Unicode] - support théorique (les accents sont seulement accessible en ''modifier'' pour les ɔ et ɛ), manque d'applications et de polices de caractères compétentes == Clavier Lingala / Lingala Keyboard Layout == Lingala keyboard for Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> Clavier Lingala pour Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> voir / see : [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Keyboard]] == Localisation == [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Localization]] == Ndakisa == * [[User:Moyogo/Lonkásá ndakisa]] == Terminologie == * [[User:Moyogo/Terminologie]] == Références == === Lingála === * [http://www.translationbureau.gc.ca/pwgsc_internet/fr/publications/gratuit_free/lex_panafricain/remer_l.htm Maloba ma masano na Afríka] === Lingala - '''orthographe laxe''' === * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] * [http://www.congo2005.be/ Mambí ma Ekoló Kongó] * [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/outils/lingala.php Les nombres en lingala] === Misúsu === * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode], voir [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique2.htm] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr-ln)] (CC by-nc-sa License ), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://pageperso.aol.fr/ashemtem/mapage/artiste.html Dictionnaire] * [http://www.rosettaproject.org/live/search/detailedlanguagerecord?ethnocode=LIN Rosetta Project - Lingala] - DO NOT copy on wikipedia! but link! * [http://www.indiana.edu/~hlw/Appendices/languages.html How language works] Liens : [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] | [http://www.congo2000.net/forums/index.php forum congo2000] | [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] | [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] | [http://www.cherbearsden.com/story1AT.html Kid's stories] | [http://www.wmpress.org/alc_text/kinshasa%20lingala.htm Versets] 6770 2005-11-06T08:09:06Z Moyogo 11 /* Exemple */ Mbɔ́tɛ! {{babel-4|ln-1|fr|en-3|es-2}} == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils importants? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : *# moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) *#: sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto *#: si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto *# "nabétaka yé" (Je le frappe tout le temps) ou "nabétáká yé" (Je l'ai frappé il y a longtemps) *#: sans accent: "nabetaka ye" et "nabetaka ye" *# ngambo (difficulté) ou ngámbo (la rive opposé) *#: sans accent: ngambo et ngambo *# kokoma (écrire) ou kokóma (arriver) *#: sans accent: kokoma et kokoma ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">DejaVu Sans : </span>( [http://dejavu.sourceforge.net/wiki/index.php/Download Download]) * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) <p style="font-family:Doulos SIL"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:DejaVu Sans">DejaVu Sans : </span> <p style="font-family:DejaVu Sans"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Le seul accent tonique parfois indiqué est sur le á, et peut-être ú. === Encodage === Il existe très peu d'encodage supportant les jeux de caractères lingala. * [http://www.progiciels-bpi.ca/tcao/exrecode.html AFRLIN-104-BPI_OCIL] - support complet * [http://www.unicode.org/ Unicode] - support théorique (les accents sont seulement accessible en ''modifier'' pour les ɔ et ɛ), manque d'applications et de polices de caractères compétentes == Clavier Lingala / Lingala Keyboard Layout == Lingala keyboard for Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> Clavier Lingala pour Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> voir / see : [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Keyboard]] == Localisation == [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Localization]] == Ndakisa == * [[User:Moyogo/Lonkásá ndakisa]] == Terminologie == * [[User:Moyogo/Terminologie]] == Références == === Lingála === * [http://www.translationbureau.gc.ca/pwgsc_internet/fr/publications/gratuit_free/lex_panafricain/remer_l.htm Maloba ma masano na Afríka] === Lingala - '''orthographe laxe''' === * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] * [http://www.congo2005.be/ Mambí ma Ekoló Kongó] * [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/outils/lingala.php Les nombres en lingala] === Misúsu === * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode], voir [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique2.htm] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr-ln)] (CC by-nc-sa License ), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://pageperso.aol.fr/ashemtem/mapage/artiste.html Dictionnaire] * [http://www.rosettaproject.org/live/search/detailedlanguagerecord?ethnocode=LIN Rosetta Project - Lingala] - DO NOT copy on wikipedia! but link! * [http://www.indiana.edu/~hlw/Appendices/languages.html How language works] Liens : [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] | [http://www.congo2000.net/forums/index.php forum congo2000] | [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] | [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] | [http://www.cherbearsden.com/story1AT.html Kid's stories] | [http://www.wmpress.org/alc_text/kinshasa%20lingala.htm Versets] 7303 2005-12-10T09:05:58Z Moyogo 11 <p style="font-size: x-large; text-align:center"> Kozánga koyéba ezalí liwâ ya ndámbo !</p> {{babel-4|ln-1|fr|en-3|es-2}} == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils importants? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : *# moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) *#: sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto *#: si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto *# "nabétaka yé" (Je le frappe tout le temps) ou "nabétáká yé" (Je l'ai frappé il y a longtemps) *#: sans accent: "nabetaka ye" et "nabetaka ye" *# ngambo (difficulté) ou ngámbo (la rive opposé) *#: sans accent: ngambo et ngambo *# kokoma (écrire) ou kokóma (arriver) *#: sans accent: kokoma et kokoma ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">DejaVu Sans : </span>( [http://dejavu.sourceforge.net/wiki/index.php/Download Download]) * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌</span> * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) <p style="font-family:Doulos SIL"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:DejaVu Sans">DejaVu Sans : </span> <p style="font-family:DejaVu Sans"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Le seul accent tonique parfois indiqué est sur le á, et peut-être ú. === Encodage === Il existe très peu d'encodage supportant les jeux de caractères lingala. * [http://www.progiciels-bpi.ca/tcao/exrecode.html AFRLIN-104-BPI_OCIL] - support complet * [http://www.unicode.org/ Unicode] - support théorique (les accents sont seulement accessible en ''modifier'' pour les ɔ et ɛ), manque d'applications et de polices de caractères compétentes == Clavier Lingala / Lingala Keyboard Layout == Lingala keyboard for Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> Clavier Lingala pour Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> voir / see : [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Keyboard]] == Localisation == [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Localization]] == Ndakisa == * [[User:Moyogo/Lonkásá ndakisa]] == Terminologie == * [[User:Moyogo/Terminologie]] == Références == === Lingála === * [http://www.translationbureau.gc.ca/pwgsc_internet/fr/publications/gratuit_free/lex_panafricain/remer_l.htm Maloba ma masano na Afríka] === Lingala - '''orthographe laxe''' === * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] * [http://www.congo2005.be/ Mambí ma Ekoló Kongó] * [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/outils/lingala.php Les nombres en lingala] === Misúsu === * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode], voir [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique2.htm] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr-ln)] (CC by-nc-sa License ), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://pageperso.aol.fr/ashemtem/mapage/artiste.html Dictionnaire] * [http://www.rosettaproject.org/live/search/detailedlanguagerecord?ethnocode=LIN Rosetta Project - Lingala] - DO NOT copy on wikipedia! but link! * [http://www.indiana.edu/~hlw/Appendices/languages.html How language works] Liens : [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] | [http://www.congo2000.net/forums/index.php forum congo2000] | [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] | [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] | [http://www.cherbearsden.com/story1AT.html Kid's stories] | [http://www.wmpress.org/alc_text/kinshasa%20lingala.htm Versets] 7651 2006-01-30T21:40:27Z Moyogo 11 /* Test */ <p style="font-size: x-large; text-align:center"> Kozánga koyéba ezalí liwâ ya ndámbo !</p> {{babel-4|ln-1|fr|en-3|es-2}} == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils importants? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : *# moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) *#: sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto *#: si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto *# "nabétaka yé" (Je le frappe tout le temps) ou "nabétáká yé" (Je l'ai frappé il y a longtemps) *#: sans accent: "nabetaka ye" et "nabetaka ye" *# ngambo (difficulté) ou ngámbo (la rive opposé) *#: sans accent: ngambo et ngambo *# kokoma (écrire) ou kokóma (arriver) *#: sans accent: kokoma et kokoma ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ - Ɔ́ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ - Ɛ́ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ - Ɔ́</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ - Ɛ́</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ - Ɔ́</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ - Ɛ́</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ - Ɔ́</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ - Ɛ́</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ - Ɔ́</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ - Ɛ́</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">DejaVu Sans : </span>( [http://dejavu.sourceforge.net/wiki/index.php/Download Download]) * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ - Ɔ́</span> * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ - Ɛ́</span> * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) <p style="font-family:Doulos SIL"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:DejaVu Sans">DejaVu Sans : </span> <p style="font-family:DejaVu Sans"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Le seul accent tonique parfois indiqué est sur le á, et peut-être ú. === Encodage === Il existe très peu d'encodage supportant les jeux de caractères lingala. * [http://www.progiciels-bpi.ca/tcao/exrecode.html AFRLIN-104-BPI_OCIL] - support complet * [http://www.unicode.org/ Unicode] - support théorique (les accents sont seulement accessible en ''modifier'' pour les ɔ et ɛ), manque d'applications et de polices de caractères compétentes == Clavier Lingala / Lingala Keyboard Layout == Lingala keyboard for Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> Clavier Lingala pour Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> voir / see : [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Keyboard]] == Localisation == [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Localization]] == Ndakisa == * [[User:Moyogo/Lonkásá ndakisa]] == Terminologie == * [[User:Moyogo/Terminologie]] == Références == === Lingála === * [http://www.translationbureau.gc.ca/pwgsc_internet/fr/publications/gratuit_free/lex_panafricain/remer_l.htm Maloba ma masano na Afríka] === Lingala - '''orthographe laxe''' === * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] * [http://www.congo2005.be/ Mambí ma Ekoló Kongó] * [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/outils/lingala.php Les nombres en lingala] === Misúsu === * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode], voir [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique2.htm] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr-ln)] (CC by-nc-sa License ), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://pageperso.aol.fr/ashemtem/mapage/artiste.html Dictionnaire] * [http://www.rosettaproject.org/live/search/detailedlanguagerecord?ethnocode=LIN Rosetta Project - Lingala] - DO NOT copy on wikipedia! but link! * [http://www.indiana.edu/~hlw/Appendices/languages.html How language works] Liens : [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] | [http://www.congo2000.net/forums/index.php forum congo2000] | [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] | [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] | [http://www.cherbearsden.com/story1AT.html Kid's stories] | [http://www.wmpress.org/alc_text/kinshasa%20lingala.htm Versets] 7652 2006-01-30T21:45:16Z Moyogo 11 /* Encodage */ <p style="font-size: x-large; text-align:center"> Kozánga koyéba ezalí liwâ ya ndámbo !</p> {{babel-4|ln-1|fr|en-3|es-2}} == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils importants? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : *# moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) *#: sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto *#: si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto *# "nabétaka yé" (Je le frappe tout le temps) ou "nabétáká yé" (Je l'ai frappé il y a longtemps) *#: sans accent: "nabetaka ye" et "nabetaka ye" *# ngambo (difficulté) ou ngámbo (la rive opposé) *#: sans accent: ngambo et ngambo *# kokoma (écrire) ou kokóma (arriver) *#: sans accent: kokoma et kokoma ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ - Ɔ́ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ - Ɛ́ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ - Ɔ́</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ - Ɛ́</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ - Ɔ́</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ - Ɛ́</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ - Ɔ́</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ - Ɛ́</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ - Ɔ́</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ - Ɛ́</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">DejaVu Sans : </span>( [http://dejavu.sourceforge.net/wiki/index.php/Download Download]) * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ - Ɔ́</span> * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ - Ɛ́</span> * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) <p style="font-family:Doulos SIL"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:DejaVu Sans">DejaVu Sans : </span> <p style="font-family:DejaVu Sans"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Le seul accent tonique parfois indiqué est sur le á, et peut-être ú. === Encodage === Il existe très peu d'encodage supportant les jeux de caractères lingala. * [http://www.progiciels-bpi.ca/tcao/exrecode.html AFRLIN-104-BPI_OCIL] - support complet * [http://www.unicode.org/ Unicode] - support théorique (les accents sont seulement accessible en ''caractères combinatoires'' pour les ɔ et ɛ), manque d'applications et de polices de caractères compétentes == Clavier Lingala / Lingala Keyboard Layout == Lingala keyboard for Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> Clavier Lingala pour Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> voir / see : [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Keyboard]] == Localisation == [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Localization]] == Ndakisa == * [[User:Moyogo/Lonkásá ndakisa]] == Terminologie == * [[User:Moyogo/Terminologie]] == Références == === Lingála === * [http://www.translationbureau.gc.ca/pwgsc_internet/fr/publications/gratuit_free/lex_panafricain/remer_l.htm Maloba ma masano na Afríka] === Lingala - '''orthographe laxe''' === * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] * [http://www.congo2005.be/ Mambí ma Ekoló Kongó] * [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/outils/lingala.php Les nombres en lingala] === Misúsu === * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode], voir [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique2.htm] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr-ln)] (CC by-nc-sa License ), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://pageperso.aol.fr/ashemtem/mapage/artiste.html Dictionnaire] * [http://www.rosettaproject.org/live/search/detailedlanguagerecord?ethnocode=LIN Rosetta Project - Lingala] - DO NOT copy on wikipedia! but link! * [http://www.indiana.edu/~hlw/Appendices/languages.html How language works] Liens : [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] | [http://www.congo2000.net/forums/index.php forum congo2000] | [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] | [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] | [http://www.cherbearsden.com/story1AT.html Kid's stories] | [http://www.wmpress.org/alc_text/kinshasa%20lingala.htm Versets] 7653 2006-01-31T13:14:42Z 160.85.2.50 /* Misúsu */ rosett project link changed <p style="font-size: x-large; text-align:center"> Kozánga koyéba ezalí liwâ ya ndámbo !</p> {{babel-4|ln-1|fr|en-3|es-2}} == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils importants? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : *# moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) *#: sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto *#: si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto *# "nabétaka yé" (Je le frappe tout le temps) ou "nabétáká yé" (Je l'ai frappé il y a longtemps) *#: sans accent: "nabetaka ye" et "nabetaka ye" *# ngambo (difficulté) ou ngámbo (la rive opposé) *#: sans accent: ngambo et ngambo *# kokoma (écrire) ou kokóma (arriver) *#: sans accent: kokoma et kokoma ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ - Ɔ́ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ - Ɛ́ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ - Ɔ́</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ - Ɛ́</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ - Ɔ́</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ - Ɛ́</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ - Ɔ́</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ - Ɛ́</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ - Ɔ́</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ - Ɛ́</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">DejaVu Sans : </span>( [http://dejavu.sourceforge.net/wiki/index.php/Download Download]) * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ - Ɔ́</span> * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ - Ɛ́</span> * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) <p style="font-family:Doulos SIL"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:DejaVu Sans">DejaVu Sans : </span> <p style="font-family:DejaVu Sans"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Le seul accent tonique parfois indiqué est sur le á, et peut-être ú. === Encodage === Il existe très peu d'encodage supportant les jeux de caractères lingala. * [http://www.progiciels-bpi.ca/tcao/exrecode.html AFRLIN-104-BPI_OCIL] - support complet * [http://www.unicode.org/ Unicode] - support théorique (les accents sont seulement accessible en ''caractères combinatoires'' pour les ɔ et ɛ), manque d'applications et de polices de caractères compétentes == Clavier Lingala / Lingala Keyboard Layout == Lingala keyboard for Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> Clavier Lingala pour Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> voir / see : [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Keyboard]] == Localisation == [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Localization]] == Ndakisa == * [[User:Moyogo/Lonkásá ndakisa]] == Terminologie == * [[User:Moyogo/Terminologie]] == Références == === Lingála === * [http://www.translationbureau.gc.ca/pwgsc_internet/fr/publications/gratuit_free/lex_panafricain/remer_l.htm Maloba ma masano na Afríka] === Lingala - '''orthographe laxe''' === * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] * [http://www.congo2005.be/ Mambí ma Ekoló Kongó] * [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/outils/lingala.php Les nombres en lingala] === Misúsu === * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode], voir [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique2.htm] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr-ln)] (CC by-nc-sa License ), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://pageperso.aol.fr/ashemtem/mapage/artiste.html Dictionnaire] * [http://www.rosettaproject.org/archive/niger-congo/africa/lin Rosetta Project - Lingala] - DO NOT copy on wikipedia! but link! * [http://www.indiana.edu/~hlw/Appendices/languages.html How language works] Liens : [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] | [http://www.congo2000.net/forums/index.php forum congo2000] | [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] | [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] | [http://www.cherbearsden.com/story1AT.html Kid's stories] | [http://www.wmpress.org/alc_text/kinshasa%20lingala.htm Versets] 7809 2006-03-06T17:28:09Z 81.159.30.82 /* Localisation */ <p style="font-size: x-large; text-align:center"> Kozánga koyéba ezalí liwâ ya ndámbo !</p> {{babel-4|ln-1|fr|en-3|es-2}} == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils importants? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : *# moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) *#: sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto *#: si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto *# "nabétaka yé" (Je le frappe tout le temps) ou "nabétáká yé" (Je l'ai frappé il y a longtemps) *#: sans accent: "nabetaka ye" et "nabetaka ye" *# ngambo (difficulté) ou ngámbo (la rive opposé) *#: sans accent: ngambo et ngambo *# kokoma (écrire) ou kokóma (arriver) *#: sans accent: kokoma et kokoma ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ - Ɔ́ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ - Ɛ́ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ - Ɔ́</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ - Ɛ́</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ - Ɔ́</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ - Ɛ́</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ - Ɔ́</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ - Ɛ́</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ - Ɔ́</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ - Ɛ́</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">DejaVu Sans : </span>( [http://dejavu.sourceforge.net/wiki/index.php/Download Download]) * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ - Ɔ́</span> * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ - Ɛ́</span> * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) <p style="font-family:Doulos SIL"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:DejaVu Sans">DejaVu Sans : </span> <p style="font-family:DejaVu Sans"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Le seul accent tonique parfois indiqué est sur le á, et peut-être ú. === Encodage === Il existe très peu d'encodage supportant les jeux de caractères lingala. * [http://www.progiciels-bpi.ca/tcao/exrecode.html AFRLIN-104-BPI_OCIL] - support complet * [http://www.unicode.org/ Unicode] - support théorique (les accents sont seulement accessible en ''caractères combinatoires'' pour les ɔ et ɛ), manque d'applications et de polices de caractères compétentes == Clavier Lingala / Lingala Keyboard Layout == Lingala keyboard for Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> Clavier Lingala pour Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> voir / see : [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Keyboard]] [[Link title]][[Image:Example.jpg]]<nowiki>Insert non-formatted text here</nowiki>--[[User:81.159.30.82|81.159.30.82]] 17:28, 6 mars 2006 (UTC) ---- ''Italic text''nalingi te'''Bold text'''== Localisation == [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Localization]] == Ndakisa == * [[User:Moyogo/Lonkásá ndakisa]] == Terminologie == * [[User:Moyogo/Terminologie]] == Références == === Lingála === * [http://www.translationbureau.gc.ca/pwgsc_internet/fr/publications/gratuit_free/lex_panafricain/remer_l.htm Maloba ma masano na Afríka] === Lingala - '''orthographe laxe''' === * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] * [http://www.congo2005.be/ Mambí ma Ekoló Kongó] * [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/outils/lingala.php Les nombres en lingala] === Misúsu === * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode], voir [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique2.htm] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr-ln)] (CC by-nc-sa License ), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://pageperso.aol.fr/ashemtem/mapage/artiste.html Dictionnaire] * [http://www.rosettaproject.org/archive/niger-congo/africa/lin Rosetta Project - Lingala] - DO NOT copy on wikipedia! but link! * [http://www.indiana.edu/~hlw/Appendices/languages.html How language works] Liens : [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] | [http://www.congo2000.net/forums/index.php forum congo2000] | [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] | [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] | [http://www.cherbearsden.com/story1AT.html Kid's stories] | [http://www.wmpress.org/alc_text/kinshasa%20lingala.htm Versets] 7810 2006-03-06T17:30:09Z Moyogo 11 Reverted edit of 81.159.30.82, changed back to last version by 160.85.2.50 <p style="font-size: x-large; text-align:center"> Kozánga koyéba ezalí liwâ ya ndámbo !</p> {{babel-4|ln-1|fr|en-3|es-2}} == Accents et caractères spéciaux == ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ a á â ǎ u ú û ǔ o ó ô ǒ i í î ǐ <small>les caractères sont affichés en font monospace par défaut</small> Pourquoi les accents sont-ils importants? * ils indiquent l'intonation * ils réduisent les ambiguités, voir [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/charaspe.html] * ils sont propres au lingála *exemple : *# moto (être humain) ou motó (tête), ou encore mɔ́to (feu) *#: sans accent ou caractéres spéciaux ceux-ci seraient : moto, moto et moto *#: si on utilisait juste les accents : moto, motó et móto *# "nabétaka yé" (Je le frappe tout le temps) ou "nabétáká yé" (Je l'ai frappé il y a longtemps) *#: sans accent: "nabetaka ye" et "nabetaka ye" *# ngambo (difficulté) ou ngámbo (la rive opposé) *#: sans accent: ngambo et ngambo *# kokoma (écrire) ou kokóma (arriver) *#: sans accent: kokoma et kokoma ''il y a pour l'instant un problème avec le ɔ (o ouvert) ou ɛ (e ouvert et non epsilon!) et l'accent aigu) avec quelques browsers sur quelques plateformes (ex: Mozilla sur Linux)''. === Test === {| | Default : * ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ - Ɔ́ * ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ - Ɛ́ * a - á - â - ǎ * u - ú - û - ǔ * o - ó - ô - ǒ * i - í - î - ǐ * e - é - ê - ě | <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ - Ɔ́</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ - Ɛ́</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:Gentium">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ - Ɔ́</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ - Ɛ́</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |- | <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">Arial Unicode MS</span> (MS Office 2003)<br/> Arial (e ouvert et o ouvert manquant): * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ - Ɔ́</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ - Ɛ́</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS',Arial">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Arial Unicode MS'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span>( [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/lsansuni.ttf Download]) * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ - Ɔ́</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ - Ɛ́</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">e - é - ê - ě</span> | <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">DejaVu Sans : </span>( [http://dejavu.sourceforge.net/wiki/index.php/Download Download]) * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">ɔ - ɔ́ - ɔ̂ - ɔ̌ - Ɔ́</span> * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">ɛ - ɛ́ - ɛ̂ - ɛ̌ - Ɛ́</span> * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">a - á - â - ǎ</span> * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">u - ú - û - ǔ</span> * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">o - ó - ô - ǒ</span> * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">i - í - î - ǐ</span> * <span style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans'">e - é - ê - ě</span> |} === Exemple === <small>source: http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Lingala.htm</small> Default : <p> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:Gentium">[[:en:Gentium|Gentium]] : </span>([http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium Download]) <p style="font-family:Gentium"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Doulos SIL'">Doulos SIL : </span>( [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=DoulosSIL_download#DistRest Download]) <p style="font-family:Doulos SIL"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode : </span> <p style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> <span style="font-family:DejaVu Sans">DejaVu Sans : </span> <p style="font-family:DejaVu Sans"> Tokosepelaka míngi na botángi o kásá malúli ma báníngá baíké, bakosɛ́ngɛ te báléndisa bolakisi kóta ya Pútú o kelási ya baíndo. Yangó malámu míngi sɔ̂lɔ́. Kási bandeko ba bísó bâná bakobósanaka te malúli ma pámba pámba makomɔ́nisa moto lokóla mwána mokɛ́. Mwána sɔ́kɔ́ azalí na límpa sikáwa, ekomɔ́nɔ yě sukáli, akobwáka límpa pé akolela sukáli. Loléngé lɔ́kɔ́ sɔ́kɔ́ bakolakisa bísó lingála, kiswahíli, kikɔ́ngɔ́, tsiluba, b.n.b., toébi naíno malámu tɛ́, tokoíbwáka pé tokolela français, flamand, anglais. Wâná níni? Tokomɛmya kóta ya bísó tɛ́; tokoíbébisa bobébisi. Na yangó mindɛ́lɛ́ bakolomɔ́na bǒ bána bakɛ̂ ba bilúlélá pé bakosɛkɛ bisó. </p> == Graphie == Il semble y avoir deux graphies différente pour le lingála # avec accents toniques et caractères spéciaux #* soutenu par l'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et retrouvé dans la littérature #* nécessite un affichage spécial (facile d'accès en général avec Lucida Sans Unicode) #* nécessite une méthode d'entrée spéciale (des raccourcis dynamiques sur la page de modification, ou sur l'OS --- lequels?) #*La Société Zaïroise des Linguistes avait adopté comme convention d'utiliser les tons ponctuels en 1974 (Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 1994) # sans accents toniques et sans e & o ouverts #:ɛ -> é #:ɔ -> o #:o -> ó #*Le seul accent tonique parfois indiqué est sur le á, et peut-être ú. === Encodage === Il existe très peu d'encodage supportant les jeux de caractères lingala. * [http://www.progiciels-bpi.ca/tcao/exrecode.html AFRLIN-104-BPI_OCIL] - support complet * [http://www.unicode.org/ Unicode] - support théorique (les accents sont seulement accessible en ''caractères combinatoires'' pour les ɔ et ɛ), manque d'applications et de polices de caractères compétentes == Clavier Lingala / Lingala Keyboard Layout == Lingala keyboard for Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> Clavier Lingala pour Windows, Mac OS X, X11 (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) <br/> voir / see : [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Keyboard]] == Localisation == [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Localization]] == Ndakisa == * [[User:Moyogo/Lonkásá ndakisa]] == Terminologie == * [[User:Moyogo/Terminologie]] == Références == === Lingála === * [http://www.translationbureau.gc.ca/pwgsc_internet/fr/publications/gratuit_free/lex_panafricain/remer_l.htm Maloba ma masano na Afríka] === Lingala - '''orthographe laxe''' === * [http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto] * [http://www.google.com/intl/ln/ Google lingala] * [http://www.congo2005.be/ Mambí ma Ekoló Kongó] * [http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/outils/lingala.php Les nombres en lingala] === Misúsu === * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html African Language Resource Council] and [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/uni.ps the African Unicode characters] * [http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/ Africanisation en Unicode], voir [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique2.htm] * [http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Lenguas/lingala/ Lingala (es)], [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/index.htm Lingala (fr-ln)] (CC by-nc-sa License ), [http://thor.prohosting.com/~linguist/lingala.htm Lingala (en)] * [http://pageperso.aol.fr/ashemtem/mapage/artiste.html Dictionnaire] * [http://www.rosettaproject.org/archive/niger-congo/africa/lin Rosetta Project - Lingala] - DO NOT copy on wikipedia! but link! * [http://www.indiana.edu/~hlw/Appendices/languages.html How language works] Liens : [http://www.suka-epoque.de/index.htm suka époque] | [http://www.congo2000.net/forums/index.php forum congo2000] | [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/index.php forum congopage] | [http://www.globalwomenstrike.net/Lingala/ global women's strike] | [http://www.cherbearsden.com/story1AT.html Kid's stories] | [http://www.wmpress.org/alc_text/kinshasa%20lingala.htm Versets] User talk:Bombo 1054 2273 2005-03-02T02:34:36Z Moyogo 11 suggestions Salut Bombo, Je ne parle pas lingala mais j'ai un intérêt pour la langue, des origines congolaises et un dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála. Ce serait avec plaisir que je participerais au ln.wikipedia. Quelques traductions pour les liens et pages spéciales: *edit **changer - **#kobalola (retourner) **#kobóngola (retourner, transformer) **transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) **modifier - kobalusa *histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) *montrer - *#kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) *#kotálisa (indiquer) *sauver - kokósoli (?) *suivre - kolanda *discussion - ntembe *préférences - ? *contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? 2275 2005-03-02T02:51:32Z Moyogo 11 mainpage Salut Bombo, Je ne parle pas lingala mais j'ai un intérêt pour la langue, des origines congolaises et un dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála. Ce serait avec plaisir que je participerais au ln.wikipedia. Quelques traductions pour les liens et pages spéciales: *edit **changer - **#kobalola (retourner) **#kobóngola (retourner, transformer) **transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) **modifier - kobalusa *histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) *montrer - *#kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) *#kotálisa (indiquer) *sauver - kokósoli (?) *suivre - kolanda *discussion - ntembe *préférences - ? *contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? *accueil/mainpage - lonkásá ya liboso 2277 2005-03-02T03:03:45Z Moyogo 11 hehe j'avais oublié de signer Salut Bombo, Je ne parle pas lingala mais j'ai un intérêt pour la langue, des origines congolaises et un dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála. Ce serait avec plaisir que je participerais au ln.wikipedia. Quelques traductions pour les liens et pages spéciales: *edit **changer - **#kobalola (retourner) **#kobóngola (retourner, transformer) **transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) **modifier - kobalusa *histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) *montrer - *#kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) *#kotálisa (indiquer) *sauver - kokósoli (?) *suivre - kolanda *discussion - ntembe *préférences - ? *contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? *accueil/mainpage - lonkásá ya liboso --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC) 2298 2005-03-04T22:25:53Z Bombo 12 Salut Bombo, Je ne parle pas lingala mais j'ai un intérêt pour la langue, des origines congolaises et un dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála. Ce serait avec plaisir que je participerais au ln.wikipedia. Quelques traductions pour les liens et pages spéciales: *edit **changer - **#kobalola (retourner) **#kobóngola (retourner, transformer) **transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) **modifier - kobalusa *histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) *montrer - *#kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) *#kotálisa (indiquer) *sauver - kokósoli (?) *suivre - kolanda *discussion - ntembe *préférences - ? *contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? *accueil/mainpage - lonkásá ya liboso --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo Merci pour ces traductions. Je suis en contact avec des concolais et avec les résponsables de Wikipédia pour l'accès respectiv pour changer les menus. Merci d'y participer! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:25, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC) 2320 2005-03-05T18:56:56Z Moyogo 11 accents et autres Salut Bombo, Je ne parle pas lingala mais j'ai un intérêt pour la langue, des origines congolaises et un dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála. Ce serait avec plaisir que je participerais au ln.wikipedia. Quelques traductions pour les liens et pages spéciales: *edit **changer - **#kobalola (retourner) **#kobóngola (retourner, transformer) **transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) **modifier - kobalusa *histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) *montrer - *#kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) *#kotálisa (indiquer) *sauver - kokósoli (?) *suivre - kolanda *discussion - ntembe *préférences - ? *contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? *accueil/mainpage - lonkásá ya liboso --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo Merci pour ces traductions. Je suis en contact avec des concolais et avec les résponsables de Wikipédia pour l'accès respectiv pour changer les menus. Merci d'y participer! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:25, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC) == accents et autres == re-Salut, Je me demandais si ce ne serait pas mieux d'utiliser les accents et les caractères spéciaux propres au lingala. De cette façon, lingala serait lingála, mboté mbɔtɛ́, etc. Il y a des avantages et des inconvénients. Le lingala étant une langue peu disponible sur l'internet, la plupart des sources n'utilisent pas ces caractères spéciaux. La littérature sur papier l'utilise presque systématiquement. L'avantage d'utiliser ces caractères est qu'ils indiquent la prononciation (classique). Le désavantage majeur est qu'il n'y a pas de méthodes d'entrée lingala disponible, et donc peu de gens les utilise. Il faudrait donc just rajouter c'est caractère speciaux dans la liste de caractères disponible à l'édition d'article. Il faudrait aussi corriger les mots actuellement présent mais sans l'orthographe classique. Personnellement je suis en faveur d'un usage classique du lingala. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 2341 2005-03-06T02:08:15Z Bombo 12 Salut Bombo, Je ne parle pas lingala mais j'ai un intérêt pour la langue, des origines congolaises et un dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála. Ce serait avec plaisir que je participerais au ln.wikipedia. Quelques traductions pour les liens et pages spéciales: *edit **changer - **#kobalola (retourner) **#kobóngola (retourner, transformer) **transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) **modifier - kobalusa *histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) *montrer - *#kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) *#kotálisa (indiquer) *sauver - kokósoli (?) *suivre - kolanda *discussion - ntembe *préférences - ? *contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? *accueil/mainpage - lonkásá ya liboso --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo Merci pour ces traductions. Je suis en contact avec des concolais et avec les résponsables de Wikipédia pour l'accès respectiv pour changer les menus. Merci d'y participer! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:25, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC) == accents et autres == re-Salut, Je me demandais si ce ne serait pas mieux d'utiliser les accents et les caractères spéciaux propres au lingala. De cette façon, lingala serait lingála, mboté mbɔtɛ́, etc. Il y a des avantages et des inconvénients. Le lingala étant une langue peu disponible sur l'internet, la plupart des sources n'utilisent pas ces caractères spéciaux. La littérature sur papier l'utilise presque systématiquement. L'avantage d'utiliser ces caractères est qu'ils indiquent la prononciation (classique). Le désavantage majeur est qu'il n'y a pas de méthodes d'entrée lingala disponible, et donc peu de gens les utilise. Il faudrait donc just rajouter c'est caractère speciaux dans la liste de caractères disponible à l'édition d'article. Il faudrait aussi corriger les mots actuellement présent mais sans l'orthographe classique. Personnellement je suis en faveur d'un usage classique du lingala. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo - Je suis d'accord avec les accents. Pour les caractères spéciales, c'est le problème d'affichage. J'ai vu qu sur la wikipédia alsacienne, il y a un moyen facile pour ajouter des caractères spéciales et les accent. Dès que j'ai les possibilités (mode d'administrateur), j'aime bien d'ajouter cela à la Wikipédia lingala. Il s'agit d'une ligne de lettres avec tout les caractères spéciales et lettres avec accents dans le mode éditer. En cliquant sur une lettre, elle sera écrit à l'endroit ou se trouve le curseur. Merci pour le soutien! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 02:08, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) 2358 2005-03-06T18:29:56Z Bombo 12 caractères spéciaux Salut Bombo, Je ne parle pas lingala mais j'ai un intérêt pour la langue, des origines congolaises et un dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála. Ce serait avec plaisir que je participerais au ln.wikipedia. Quelques traductions pour les liens et pages spéciales: *edit **changer - **#kobalola (retourner) **#kobóngola (retourner, transformer) **transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) **modifier - kobalusa *histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) *montrer - *#kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) *#kotálisa (indiquer) *sauver - kokósoli (?) *suivre - kolanda *discussion - ntembe *préférences - ? *contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? *accueil/mainpage - lonkásá ya liboso --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo Merci pour ces traductions. Je suis en contact avec des concolais et avec les résponsables de Wikipédia pour l'accès respectiv pour changer les menus. Merci d'y participer! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:25, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC) == accents et autres == re-Salut, Je me demandais si ce ne serait pas mieux d'utiliser les accents et les caractères spéciaux propres au lingala. De cette façon, lingala serait lingála, mboté mbɔtɛ́, etc. Il y a des avantages et des inconvénients. Le lingala étant une langue peu disponible sur l'internet, la plupart des sources n'utilisent pas ces caractères spéciaux. La littérature sur papier l'utilise presque systématiquement. L'avantage d'utiliser ces caractères est qu'ils indiquent la prononciation (classique). Le désavantage majeur est qu'il n'y a pas de méthodes d'entrée lingala disponible, et donc peu de gens les utilise. Il faudrait donc just rajouter c'est caractère speciaux dans la liste de caractères disponible à l'édition d'article. Il faudrait aussi corriger les mots actuellement présent mais sans l'orthographe classique. Personnellement je suis en faveur d'un usage classique du lingala. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo - Je suis d'accord avec les accents. Pour les caractères spéciales, c'est le problème d'affichage. J'ai vu qu sur la wikipédia alsacienne, il y a un moyen facile pour ajouter des caractères spéciales et les accent. Dès que j'ai les possibilités (mode d'administrateur), j'aime bien d'ajouter cela à la Wikipédia lingala. Il s'agit d'une ligne de lettres avec tout les caractères spéciales et lettres avec accents dans le mode éditer. En cliquant sur une lettre, elle sera écrit à l'endroit ou se trouve le curseur. Merci pour le soutien! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 02:08, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == caractères spéciaux == J'ai fait quelques essais avec un petit article sur la [[politiki|politique]] (retrouvé chez Dzokanga, auteur de Congo-Braza dans le temps communiste). Pour plus de détails sur les caractères spéciaux voir aussi [[user:moyogo]]. * affichage parfaite avec Safari 1.0.3 * affichage avec des ? avec Microsoft Explorer 5.2 * affichage avec des ? avec Mozilla 1.5 * affichage avec des ? avec Firefox 1.0 Je suis pour les caractères spéciaux, mais à condition qu'il sont lisible. Quelle est votre expérience? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:29, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) 2361 2005-03-07T03:03:11Z Moyogo 11 /* caractères spéciaux */ Salut Bombo, Je ne parle pas lingala mais j'ai un intérêt pour la langue, des origines congolaises et un dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála. Ce serait avec plaisir que je participerais au ln.wikipedia. Quelques traductions pour les liens et pages spéciales: *edit **changer - **#kobalola (retourner) **#kobóngola (retourner, transformer) **transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) **modifier - kobalusa *histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) *montrer - *#kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) *#kotálisa (indiquer) *sauver - kokósoli (?) *suivre - kolanda *discussion - ntembe *préférences - ? *contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? *accueil/mainpage - lonkásá ya liboso --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo Merci pour ces traductions. Je suis en contact avec des concolais et avec les résponsables de Wikipédia pour l'accès respectiv pour changer les menus. Merci d'y participer! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:25, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC) == accents et autres == re-Salut, Je me demandais si ce ne serait pas mieux d'utiliser les accents et les caractères spéciaux propres au lingala. De cette façon, lingala serait lingála, mboté mbɔtɛ́, etc. Il y a des avantages et des inconvénients. Le lingala étant une langue peu disponible sur l'internet, la plupart des sources n'utilisent pas ces caractères spéciaux. La littérature sur papier l'utilise presque systématiquement. L'avantage d'utiliser ces caractères est qu'ils indiquent la prononciation (classique). Le désavantage majeur est qu'il n'y a pas de méthodes d'entrée lingala disponible, et donc peu de gens les utilise. Il faudrait donc just rajouter c'est caractère speciaux dans la liste de caractères disponible à l'édition d'article. Il faudrait aussi corriger les mots actuellement présent mais sans l'orthographe classique. Personnellement je suis en faveur d'un usage classique du lingala. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo - Je suis d'accord avec les accents. Pour les caractères spéciales, c'est le problème d'affichage. J'ai vu qu sur la wikipédia alsacienne, il y a un moyen facile pour ajouter des caractères spéciales et les accent. Dès que j'ai les possibilités (mode d'administrateur), j'aime bien d'ajouter cela à la Wikipédia lingala. Il s'agit d'une ligne de lettres avec tout les caractères spéciales et lettres avec accents dans le mode éditer. En cliquant sur une lettre, elle sera écrit à l'endroit ou se trouve le curseur. Merci pour le soutien! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 02:08, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == caractères spéciaux == J'ai fait quelques essais avec un petit article sur la [[politiki|politique]] (retrouvé chez Dzokanga, auteur de Congo-Braza dans le temps communiste). Pour plus de détails sur les caractères spéciaux voir aussi [[user:moyogo]]. * affichage parfaite avec Safari 1.0.3 * affichage avec des ? avec Microsoft Explorer 5.2 * affichage avec des ? avec Mozilla 1.5 * affichage avec des ? avec Firefox 1.0 ** affichage correct des caractères avec erreurs d'accents avec Firefox 1.0 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage parfait avec Opera 7.54 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage avec erreurs avec Konqueror 3.3.2 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Je suis pour les caractères spéciaux, mais à condition qu'il sont lisible. Quelle est votre expérience? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:29, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) Pour - ;) Il semble que mes erreurs sous Linux avec Firefox soient à cause d'un bug dans pango, à suivre. Pour le reste Opera affiche tout parfaitement. Konqueror a des problèmes pour presque tout les caractères spéciaux et accents spéciaux (sur mon installation Ubuntu). Il serait utile d'utilisé une font par défaut pour le wikipédia lingala. Je pense que <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium</span> (serif) ou <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode</span> (sans) sont de bonnes options et elles sont disponibles gratuitement. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) 2362 2005-03-07T11:28:43Z 195.65.169.21 Salut Bombo, Je ne parle pas lingala mais j'ai un intérêt pour la langue, des origines congolaises et un dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála. Ce serait avec plaisir que je participerais au ln.wikipedia. Quelques traductions pour les liens et pages spéciales: *edit **changer - **#kobalola (retourner) **#kobóngola (retourner, transformer) **transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) **modifier - kobalusa *histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) *montrer - *#kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) *#kotálisa (indiquer) *sauver - kokósoli (?) *suivre - kolanda *discussion - ntembe *préférences - ? *contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? *accueil/mainpage - lonkásá ya liboso --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo Merci pour ces traductions. Je suis en contact avec des concolais et avec les résponsables de Wikipédia pour l'accès respectiv pour changer les menus. Merci d'y participer! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:25, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC) == accents et autres == re-Salut, Je me demandais si ce ne serait pas mieux d'utiliser les accents et les caractères spéciaux propres au lingala. De cette façon, lingala serait lingála, mboté mbɔtɛ́, etc. Il y a des avantages et des inconvénients. Le lingala étant une langue peu disponible sur l'internet, la plupart des sources n'utilisent pas ces caractères spéciaux. La littérature sur papier l'utilise presque systématiquement. L'avantage d'utiliser ces caractères est qu'ils indiquent la prononciation (classique). Le désavantage majeur est qu'il n'y a pas de méthodes d'entrée lingala disponible, et donc peu de gens les utilise. Il faudrait donc just rajouter c'est caractère speciaux dans la liste de caractères disponible à l'édition d'article. Il faudrait aussi corriger les mots actuellement présent mais sans l'orthographe classique. Personnellement je suis en faveur d'un usage classique du lingala. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo - Je suis d'accord avec les accents. Pour les caractères spéciales, c'est le problème d'affichage. J'ai vu qu sur la wikipédia alsacienne, il y a un moyen facile pour ajouter des caractères spéciales et les accent. Dès que j'ai les possibilités (mode d'administrateur), j'aime bien d'ajouter cela à la Wikipédia lingala. Il s'agit d'une ligne de lettres avec tout les caractères spéciales et lettres avec accents dans le mode éditer. En cliquant sur une lettre, elle sera écrit à l'endroit ou se trouve le curseur. Merci pour le soutien! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 02:08, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == caractères spéciaux == J'ai fait quelques essais avec un petit article sur la [[politiki|politique]] (retrouvé chez Dzokanga, auteur de Congo-Braza dans le temps communiste). Pour plus de détails sur les caractères spéciaux voir aussi [[user:moyogo]]. * affichage parfaite avec Safari 1.0.3 * affichage avec des ? avec Microsoft Explorer 5.2 * affichage avec des ? avec Mozilla 1.5 * affichage avec des ? avec Firefox 1.0 ** affichage correct des caractères avec erreurs d'accents avec Firefox 1.0 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage parfait avec Opera 7.54 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage avec erreurs avec Konqueror 3.3.2 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Je suis pour les caractères spéciaux, mais à condition qu'il sont lisible. Quelle est votre expérience? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:29, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) Pour - ;) Il semble que mes erreurs sous Linux avec Firefox soient à cause d'un bug dans pango, à suivre. Pour le reste Opera affiche tout parfaitement. Konqueror a des problèmes pour presque tout les caractères spéciaux et accents spéciaux (sur mon installation Ubuntu). Il serait utile d'utilisé une font par défaut pour le wikipédia lingala. Je pense que <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium</span> (serif) ou <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode</span> (sans) sont de bonnes options et elles sont disponibles gratuitement. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Merci! J'ai verifié tes exemples sur [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et avec Microsoft Explorer 6.0.3 (Windows Server 2003), ce n'est que Lucida Sans Unicode qui affiche les caractères spéciaux correctement. Je vériferais à la maison avec Macintosh. Les accents sont toujours afiché correctement.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:24, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) A mon avis, les accents ne sont pas discutable. Pour les caractères spéciaux, il faut voir, parceque cela sert à quoi, si ce n'est que lisibles pour ceux qui ont un équipement spéciale? Est-ce que les futurs utilisateurs seront de majorité des exilés en Europe ou des Congolais dans un cyber où il devront prendre l'ordinateur tel qu'il est? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) 2365 2005-03-07T11:30:24Z 195.65.169.21 == traduction des menus == Salut Bombo, Je ne parle pas lingala mais j'ai un intérêt pour la langue, des origines congolaises et un dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála. Ce serait avec plaisir que je participerais au ln.wikipedia. Quelques traductions pour les liens et pages spéciales: *edit **changer - **#kobalola (retourner) **#kobóngola (retourner, transformer) **transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) **modifier - kobalusa *histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) *montrer - *#kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) *#kotálisa (indiquer) *sauver - kokósoli (?) *suivre - kolanda *discussion - ntembe *préférences - ? *contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? *accueil/mainpage - lonkásá ya liboso --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo Merci pour ces traductions. Je suis en contact avec des concolais et avec les résponsables de Wikipédia pour l'accès respectiv pour changer les menus. Merci d'y participer! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:25, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC) == accents et autres == re-Salut, Je me demandais si ce ne serait pas mieux d'utiliser les accents et les caractères spéciaux propres au lingala. De cette façon, lingala serait lingála, mboté mbɔtɛ́, etc. Il y a des avantages et des inconvénients. Le lingala étant une langue peu disponible sur l'internet, la plupart des sources n'utilisent pas ces caractères spéciaux. La littérature sur papier l'utilise presque systématiquement. L'avantage d'utiliser ces caractères est qu'ils indiquent la prononciation (classique). Le désavantage majeur est qu'il n'y a pas de méthodes d'entrée lingala disponible, et donc peu de gens les utilise. Il faudrait donc just rajouter c'est caractère speciaux dans la liste de caractères disponible à l'édition d'article. Il faudrait aussi corriger les mots actuellement présent mais sans l'orthographe classique. Personnellement je suis en faveur d'un usage classique du lingala. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo - Je suis d'accord avec les accents. Pour les caractères spéciales, c'est le problème d'affichage. J'ai vu qu sur la wikipédia alsacienne, il y a un moyen facile pour ajouter des caractères spéciales et les accent. Dès que j'ai les possibilités (mode d'administrateur), j'aime bien d'ajouter cela à la Wikipédia lingala. Il s'agit d'une ligne de lettres avec tout les caractères spéciales et lettres avec accents dans le mode éditer. En cliquant sur une lettre, elle sera écrit à l'endroit ou se trouve le curseur. Merci pour le soutien! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 02:08, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == caractères spéciaux == J'ai fait quelques essais avec un petit article sur la [[politiki|politique]] (retrouvé chez Dzokanga, auteur de Congo-Braza dans le temps communiste). Pour plus de détails sur les caractères spéciaux voir aussi [[user:moyogo]]. * affichage parfaite avec Safari 1.0.3 * affichage avec des ? avec Microsoft Explorer 5.2 * affichage avec des ? avec Mozilla 1.5 * affichage avec des ? avec Firefox 1.0 ** affichage correct des caractères avec erreurs d'accents avec Firefox 1.0 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage parfait avec Opera 7.54 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage avec erreurs avec Konqueror 3.3.2 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Je suis pour les caractères spéciaux, mais à condition qu'il sont lisible. Quelle est votre expérience? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:29, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) Pour - ;) Il semble que mes erreurs sous Linux avec Firefox soient à cause d'un bug dans pango, à suivre. Pour le reste Opera affiche tout parfaitement. Konqueror a des problèmes pour presque tout les caractères spéciaux et accents spéciaux (sur mon installation Ubuntu). Il serait utile d'utilisé une font par défaut pour le wikipédia lingala. Je pense que <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium</span> (serif) ou <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode</span> (sans) sont de bonnes options et elles sont disponibles gratuitement. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Merci! J'ai verifié tes exemples sur [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et avec Microsoft Explorer 6.0.3 (Windows Server 2003), ce n'est que Lucida Sans Unicode qui affiche les caractères spéciaux correctement. Je vériferais à la maison avec Macintosh. Les accents sont toujours afiché correctement.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:24, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) A mon avis, les accents ne sont pas discutable. Pour les caractères spéciaux, il faut voir, parceque cela sert à quoi, si ce n'est que lisibles pour ceux qui ont un équipement spéciale? Est-ce que les futurs utilisateurs seront de majorité des exilés en Europe ou des Congolais dans un cyber où il devront prendre l'ordinateur tel qu'il est? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) 2367 2005-03-07T13:26:36Z Moyogo 11 == traduction des menus == Salut Bombo, Je ne parle pas lingala mais j'ai un intérêt pour la langue, des origines congolaises et un dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála. Ce serait avec plaisir que je participerais au ln.wikipedia. Quelques traductions pour les liens et pages spéciales: *edit **changer - **#kobalola (retourner) **#kobóngola (retourner, transformer) **transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) **modifier - kobalusa *histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) *montrer - *#kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) *#kotálisa (indiquer) *sauver - kokósoli (?) *suivre - kolanda *discussion - ntembe *préférences - ? *contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? *accueil/mainpage - lonkásá ya liboso --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo Merci pour ces traductions. Je suis en contact avec des concolais et avec les résponsables de Wikipédia pour l'accès respectiv pour changer les menus. Merci d'y participer! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:25, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC) == accents et autres == re-Salut, Je me demandais si ce ne serait pas mieux d'utiliser les accents et les caractères spéciaux propres au lingala. De cette façon, lingala serait lingála, mboté mbɔtɛ́, etc. Il y a des avantages et des inconvénients. Le lingala étant une langue peu disponible sur l'internet, la plupart des sources n'utilisent pas ces caractères spéciaux. La littérature sur papier l'utilise presque systématiquement. L'avantage d'utiliser ces caractères est qu'ils indiquent la prononciation (classique). Le désavantage majeur est qu'il n'y a pas de méthodes d'entrée lingala disponible, et donc peu de gens les utilise. Il faudrait donc just rajouter c'est caractère speciaux dans la liste de caractères disponible à l'édition d'article. Il faudrait aussi corriger les mots actuellement présent mais sans l'orthographe classique. Personnellement je suis en faveur d'un usage classique du lingala. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo - Je suis d'accord avec les accents. Pour les caractères spéciales, c'est le problème d'affichage. J'ai vu qu sur la wikipédia alsacienne, il y a un moyen facile pour ajouter des caractères spéciales et les accent. Dès que j'ai les possibilités (mode d'administrateur), j'aime bien d'ajouter cela à la Wikipédia lingala. Il s'agit d'une ligne de lettres avec tout les caractères spéciales et lettres avec accents dans le mode éditer. En cliquant sur une lettre, elle sera écrit à l'endroit ou se trouve le curseur. Merci pour le soutien! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 02:08, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == caractères spéciaux == J'ai fait quelques essais avec un petit article sur la [[politiki|politique]] (retrouvé chez Dzokanga, auteur de Congo-Braza dans le temps communiste). Pour plus de détails sur les caractères spéciaux voir aussi [[user:moyogo]]. * affichage parfaite avec Safari 1.0.3 * affichage avec des ? avec Microsoft Explorer 5.2 * affichage avec des ? avec Mozilla 1.5 * affichage avec des ? avec Firefox 1.0 ** affichage correct des caractères avec erreurs d'accents avec Firefox 1.0 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage parfait avec Opera 7.54 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage avec erreurs avec Konqueror 3.3.2 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Je suis pour les caractères spéciaux, mais à condition qu'il sont lisible. Quelle est votre expérience? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:29, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) Pour - ;) Il semble que mes erreurs sous Linux avec Firefox soient à cause d'un bug dans pango, à suivre. Pour le reste Opera affiche tout parfaitement. Konqueror a des problèmes pour presque tout les caractères spéciaux et accents spéciaux (sur mon installation Ubuntu). Il serait utile d'utilisé une font par défaut pour le wikipédia lingala. Je pense que <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium</span> (serif) ou <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode</span> (sans) sont de bonnes options et elles sont disponibles gratuitement. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Merci! J'ai verifié tes exemples sur [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et avec Microsoft Explorer 6.0.3 (Windows Server 2003), ce n'est que Lucida Sans Unicode qui affiche les caractères spéciaux correctement. Je vériferais à la maison avec Macintosh. Les accents sont toujours afiché correctement.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:24, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) A mon avis, les accents ne sont pas discutable. Pour les caractères spéciaux, il faut voir, parceque cela sert à quoi, si ce n'est que lisibles pour ceux qui ont un équipement spéciale? Est-ce que les futurs utilisateurs seront de majorité des exilés en Europe ou des Congolais dans un cyber où il devront prendre l'ordinateur tel qu'il est? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Si Lucida Sans Unicode est la font par défaut les accents et les deux caractères spéciaux vraiment problématiques (ɛ - e ouvert, et ɔ - o ouvert) devraient être affiché correctement, sauf exception. Ces deux caractères sont dans la partie IPA des tables de caractères, les pages IPA sur la majorité des wikipédia affichent en Lucida Sans Unicode par défaut. L'avantage de Lucida Sans Unicode est qu'il est déjà installé sur beaucoup de machine. On pourrait donc définir font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode","Arial Unicode MS","Code 2000",sans-serif; dans les page de style. Voila pour l'affichage. Maintenant pour l'utilisation, il faudrait voir ce que la Société Linguistique Congolaise utilise officiellement. L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] recommande l'usage de ses caractères spéciaux. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 13:26, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) 2368 2005-03-07T17:31:04Z Moyogo 11 /* caractères spéciaux */ == traduction des menus == Salut Bombo, Je ne parle pas lingala mais j'ai un intérêt pour la langue, des origines congolaises et un dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála. Ce serait avec plaisir que je participerais au ln.wikipedia. Quelques traductions pour les liens et pages spéciales: *edit **changer - **#kobalola (retourner) **#kobóngola (retourner, transformer) **transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) **modifier - kobalusa *histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) *montrer - *#kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) *#kotálisa (indiquer) *sauver - kokósoli (?) *suivre - kolanda *discussion - ntembe *préférences - ? *contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? *accueil/mainpage - lonkásá ya liboso --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo Merci pour ces traductions. Je suis en contact avec des concolais et avec les résponsables de Wikipédia pour l'accès respectiv pour changer les menus. Merci d'y participer! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:25, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC) == accents et autres == re-Salut, Je me demandais si ce ne serait pas mieux d'utiliser les accents et les caractères spéciaux propres au lingala. De cette façon, lingala serait lingála, mboté mbɔtɛ́, etc. Il y a des avantages et des inconvénients. Le lingala étant une langue peu disponible sur l'internet, la plupart des sources n'utilisent pas ces caractères spéciaux. La littérature sur papier l'utilise presque systématiquement. L'avantage d'utiliser ces caractères est qu'ils indiquent la prononciation (classique). Le désavantage majeur est qu'il n'y a pas de méthodes d'entrée lingala disponible, et donc peu de gens les utilise. Il faudrait donc just rajouter c'est caractère speciaux dans la liste de caractères disponible à l'édition d'article. Il faudrait aussi corriger les mots actuellement présent mais sans l'orthographe classique. Personnellement je suis en faveur d'un usage classique du lingala. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo - Je suis d'accord avec les accents. Pour les caractères spéciales, c'est le problème d'affichage. J'ai vu qu sur la wikipédia alsacienne, il y a un moyen facile pour ajouter des caractères spéciales et les accent. Dès que j'ai les possibilités (mode d'administrateur), j'aime bien d'ajouter cela à la Wikipédia lingala. Il s'agit d'une ligne de lettres avec tout les caractères spéciales et lettres avec accents dans le mode éditer. En cliquant sur une lettre, elle sera écrit à l'endroit ou se trouve le curseur. Merci pour le soutien! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 02:08, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == caractères spéciaux == J'ai fait quelques essais avec un petit article sur la [[politiki|politique]] (retrouvé chez Dzokanga, auteur de Congo-Braza dans le temps communiste). Pour plus de détails sur les caractères spéciaux voir aussi [[user:moyogo]]. * affichage parfaite avec Safari 1.0.3 * affichage avec des ? avec Microsoft Explorer 5.2 ** affichage avec des erreurs avec Microsoft Explorer 6 (Windows) * affichage avec des ? avec Mozilla 1.5 * affichage avec des ? avec Firefox 1.0 ** affichage correct des caractères avec erreurs d'accents avec Firefox 1.0 (Linux) ** affichage presque parfait avec Firefox 1.0 (Windows), avec toutes les fonts installées --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage parfait avec Opera 7.54 (Linux, Windows) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage avec erreurs avec Konqueror 3.3.2 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Je suis pour les caractères spéciaux, mais à condition qu'il sont lisible. Quelle est votre expérience? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:29, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) Pour - ;) Il semble que mes erreurs sous Linux avec Firefox soient à cause d'un bug dans pango, à suivre. Pour le reste Opera affiche tout parfaitement. Konqueror a des problèmes pour presque tout les caractères spéciaux et accents spéciaux (sur mon installation Ubuntu). Il serait utile d'utilisé une font par défaut pour le wikipédia lingala. Je pense que <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium</span> (serif) ou <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode</span> (sans) sont de bonnes options et elles sont disponibles gratuitement. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Merci! J'ai verifié tes exemples sur [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et avec Microsoft Explorer 6.0.3 (Windows Server 2003), ce n'est que Lucida Sans Unicode qui affiche les caractères spéciaux correctement. Je vériferais à la maison avec Macintosh. Les accents sont toujours afiché correctement.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:24, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) A mon avis, les accents ne sont pas discutable. Pour les caractères spéciaux, il faut voir, parceque cela sert à quoi, si ce n'est que lisibles pour ceux qui ont un équipement spéciale? Est-ce que les futurs utilisateurs seront de majorité des exilés en Europe ou des Congolais dans un cyber où il devront prendre l'ordinateur tel qu'il est? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Si Lucida Sans Unicode est la font par défaut les accents et les deux caractères spéciaux vraiment problématiques (ɛ - e ouvert, et ɔ - o ouvert) devraient être affiché correctement, sauf exception. Ces deux caractères sont dans la partie IPA des tables de caractères, les pages IPA sur la majorité des wikipédia affichent en Lucida Sans Unicode par défaut. L'avantage de Lucida Sans Unicode est qu'il est déjà installé sur beaucoup de machine. On pourrait donc définir font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode","Arial Unicode MS","Code 2000",sans-serif; dans les page de style. Voila pour l'affichage. Maintenant pour l'utilisation, il faudrait voir ce que la Société Linguistique Congolaise utilise officiellement. L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] recommande l'usage de ses caractères spéciaux. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 13:26, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) J'ai jeté un coup d'oeil avec Windows, il n'y a presque pas de problème avec les fonts qui ont les caractères spéciaux. Seul Internet Explorer 6 affiche erronement en monospace et avec Default, Arial Unicode MS. Lucida Sans Unicode, Doulos SIL et Gentium fonctionne à merveille sous tous les browsers que j'ai essayer (Mozilla Firefox, Opera). Firefox indique juste les accents légerement déplacés avec la première font (monospace) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 17:31, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) 2389 2005-03-07T17:32:08Z Moyogo 11 /* caractères spéciaux */ == traduction des menus == Salut Bombo, Je ne parle pas lingala mais j'ai un intérêt pour la langue, des origines congolaises et un dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála. Ce serait avec plaisir que je participerais au ln.wikipedia. Quelques traductions pour les liens et pages spéciales: *edit **changer - **#kobalola (retourner) **#kobóngola (retourner, transformer) **transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) **modifier - kobalusa *histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) *montrer - *#kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) *#kotálisa (indiquer) *sauver - kokósoli (?) *suivre - kolanda *discussion - ntembe *préférences - ? *contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? *accueil/mainpage - lonkásá ya liboso --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo Merci pour ces traductions. Je suis en contact avec des concolais et avec les résponsables de Wikipédia pour l'accès respectiv pour changer les menus. Merci d'y participer! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:25, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC) == accents et autres == re-Salut, Je me demandais si ce ne serait pas mieux d'utiliser les accents et les caractères spéciaux propres au lingala. De cette façon, lingala serait lingála, mboté mbɔtɛ́, etc. Il y a des avantages et des inconvénients. Le lingala étant une langue peu disponible sur l'internet, la plupart des sources n'utilisent pas ces caractères spéciaux. La littérature sur papier l'utilise presque systématiquement. L'avantage d'utiliser ces caractères est qu'ils indiquent la prononciation (classique). Le désavantage majeur est qu'il n'y a pas de méthodes d'entrée lingala disponible, et donc peu de gens les utilise. Il faudrait donc just rajouter c'est caractère speciaux dans la liste de caractères disponible à l'édition d'article. Il faudrait aussi corriger les mots actuellement présent mais sans l'orthographe classique. Personnellement je suis en faveur d'un usage classique du lingala. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo - Je suis d'accord avec les accents. Pour les caractères spéciales, c'est le problème d'affichage. J'ai vu qu sur la wikipédia alsacienne, il y a un moyen facile pour ajouter des caractères spéciales et les accent. Dès que j'ai les possibilités (mode d'administrateur), j'aime bien d'ajouter cela à la Wikipédia lingala. Il s'agit d'une ligne de lettres avec tout les caractères spéciales et lettres avec accents dans le mode éditer. En cliquant sur une lettre, elle sera écrit à l'endroit ou se trouve le curseur. Merci pour le soutien! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 02:08, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == caractères spéciaux == J'ai fait quelques essais avec un petit article sur la [[politiki|politique]] (retrouvé chez Dzokanga, auteur de Congo-Braza dans le temps communiste). Pour plus de détails sur les caractères spéciaux voir aussi [[user:moyogo]]. * affichage parfaite avec Safari 1.0.3 * affichage avec des ? avec Microsoft Explorer 5.2 ** affichage avec des erreurs avec Microsoft Explorer 6 (Windows) * affichage avec des ? avec Mozilla 1.5 * affichage avec des ? avec Firefox 1.0 ** affichage correct des caractères avec erreurs d'accents avec Firefox 1.0 (Linux) ** affichage presque parfait avec Firefox 1.0 (Windows), avec toutes les fonts installées --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage parfait avec Opera 7.54 (Linux, Windows) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage avec erreurs avec Konqueror 3.3.2 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Je suis pour les caractères spéciaux, mais à condition qu'il sont lisible. Quelle est votre expérience? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:29, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) Pour - ;) Il semble que mes erreurs sous Linux avec Firefox soient à cause d'un bug dans pango, à suivre. Pour le reste Opera affiche tout parfaitement. Konqueror a des problèmes pour presque tout les caractères spéciaux et accents spéciaux (sur mon installation Ubuntu). Il serait utile d'utilisé une font par défaut pour le wikipédia lingala. Je pense que <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium</span> (serif) ou <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode</span> (sans) sont de bonnes options et elles sont disponibles gratuitement. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Merci! J'ai verifié tes exemples sur [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et avec Microsoft Explorer 6.0.3 (Windows Server 2003), ce n'est que Lucida Sans Unicode qui affiche les caractères spéciaux correctement. Je vériferais à la maison avec Macintosh. Les accents sont toujours afiché correctement.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:24, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) A mon avis, les accents ne sont pas discutable. Pour les caractères spéciaux, il faut voir, parceque cela sert à quoi, si ce n'est que lisibles pour ceux qui ont un équipement spéciale? Est-ce que les futurs utilisateurs seront de majorité des exilés en Europe ou des Congolais dans un cyber où il devront prendre l'ordinateur tel qu'il est? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Si Lucida Sans Unicode est la font par défaut les accents et les deux caractères spéciaux vraiment problématiques (ɛ - e ouvert, et ɔ - o ouvert) devraient être affiché correctement, sauf exception. Ces deux caractères sont dans la partie IPA des tables de caractères, les pages IPA sur la majorité des wikipédia affichent en Lucida Sans Unicode par défaut. L'avantage de Lucida Sans Unicode est qu'il est déjà installé sur beaucoup de machine. On pourrait donc définir font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode","Arial Unicode MS","Code 2000",sans-serif; dans les page de style. Voila pour l'affichage. Maintenant pour l'utilisation, il faudrait voir ce que la Société Linguistique Congolaise utilise officiellement. L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] recommande l'usage de ses caractères spéciaux. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 13:26, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) J'ai jeté un coup d'oeil avec Windows, il n'y a presque pas de problème avec les fonts qui ont les caractères spéciaux. Seul Internet Explorer 6 affiche erronement en monospace et avec Default, Arial Unicode MS. Lucida Sans Unicode, Doulos SIL et Gentium fonctionne à merveille sous tous les browsers que j'ai essayer (Mozilla Firefox, Opera). Firefox indique juste les accents légerement déplacés avec la première font (monospace) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 17:32, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) 2392 2005-03-09T10:17:54Z Bombo 12 /* caractères spéciaux */ ε == traduction des menus == Salut Bombo, Je ne parle pas lingala mais j'ai un intérêt pour la langue, des origines congolaises et un dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála. Ce serait avec plaisir que je participerais au ln.wikipedia. Quelques traductions pour les liens et pages spéciales: *edit **changer - **#kobalola (retourner) **#kobóngola (retourner, transformer) **transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) **modifier - kobalusa *histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) *montrer - *#kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) *#kotálisa (indiquer) *sauver - kokósoli (?) *suivre - kolanda *discussion - ntembe *préférences - ? *contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? *accueil/mainpage - lonkásá ya liboso --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo Merci pour ces traductions. Je suis en contact avec des concolais et avec les résponsables de Wikipédia pour l'accès respectiv pour changer les menus. Merci d'y participer! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:25, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC) == accents et autres == re-Salut, Je me demandais si ce ne serait pas mieux d'utiliser les accents et les caractères spéciaux propres au lingala. De cette façon, lingala serait lingála, mboté mbɔtɛ́, etc. Il y a des avantages et des inconvénients. Le lingala étant une langue peu disponible sur l'internet, la plupart des sources n'utilisent pas ces caractères spéciaux. La littérature sur papier l'utilise presque systématiquement. L'avantage d'utiliser ces caractères est qu'ils indiquent la prononciation (classique). Le désavantage majeur est qu'il n'y a pas de méthodes d'entrée lingala disponible, et donc peu de gens les utilise. Il faudrait donc just rajouter c'est caractère speciaux dans la liste de caractères disponible à l'édition d'article. Il faudrait aussi corriger les mots actuellement présent mais sans l'orthographe classique. Personnellement je suis en faveur d'un usage classique du lingala. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo - Je suis d'accord avec les accents. Pour les caractères spéciales, c'est le problème d'affichage. J'ai vu qu sur la wikipédia alsacienne, il y a un moyen facile pour ajouter des caractères spéciales et les accent. Dès que j'ai les possibilités (mode d'administrateur), j'aime bien d'ajouter cela à la Wikipédia lingala. Il s'agit d'une ligne de lettres avec tout les caractères spéciales et lettres avec accents dans le mode éditer. En cliquant sur une lettre, elle sera écrit à l'endroit ou se trouve le curseur. Merci pour le soutien! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 02:08, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == caractères spéciaux == J'ai fait quelques essais avec un petit article sur la [[politiki|politique]] (retrouvé chez Dzokanga, auteur de Congo-Braza dans le temps communiste). Pour plus de détails sur les caractères spéciaux voir aussi [[user:moyogo]]. * affichage parfaite avec Safari 1.0.3 * affichage avec des ? avec Microsoft Explorer 5.2 ** affichage avec des erreurs avec Microsoft Explorer 6 (Windows) * affichage avec des ? avec Mozilla 1.5 * affichage avec des ? avec Firefox 1.0 ** affichage correct des caractères avec erreurs d'accents avec Firefox 1.0 (Linux) ** affichage presque parfait avec Firefox 1.0 (Windows), avec toutes les fonts installées --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage parfait avec Opera 7.54 (Linux, Windows) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage avec erreurs avec Konqueror 3.3.2 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Je suis pour les caractères spéciaux, mais à condition qu'il sont lisible. Quelle est votre expérience? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:29, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) Pour - ;) Il semble que mes erreurs sous Linux avec Firefox soient à cause d'un bug dans pango, à suivre. Pour le reste Opera affiche tout parfaitement. Konqueror a des problèmes pour presque tout les caractères spéciaux et accents spéciaux (sur mon installation Ubuntu). Il serait utile d'utilisé une font par défaut pour le wikipédia lingala. Je pense que <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium</span> (serif) ou <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode</span> (sans) sont de bonnes options et elles sont disponibles gratuitement. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Merci! J'ai verifié tes exemples sur [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et avec Microsoft Explorer 6.0.3 (Windows Server 2003), ce n'est que Lucida Sans Unicode qui affiche les caractères spéciaux correctement. Je vériferais à la maison avec Macintosh. Les accents sont toujours afiché correctement.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:24, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) A mon avis, les accents ne sont pas discutable. Pour les caractères spéciaux, il faut voir, parceque cela sert à quoi, si ce n'est que lisibles pour ceux qui ont un équipement spéciale? Est-ce que les futurs utilisateurs seront de majorité des exilés en Europe ou des Congolais dans un cyber où il devront prendre l'ordinateur tel qu'il est? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Si Lucida Sans Unicode est la font par défaut les accents et les deux caractères spéciaux vraiment problématiques (ɛ - e ouvert, et ɔ - o ouvert) devraient être affiché correctement, sauf exception. Ces deux caractères sont dans la partie IPA des tables de caractères, les pages IPA sur la majorité des wikipédia affichent en Lucida Sans Unicode par défaut. L'avantage de Lucida Sans Unicode est qu'il est déjà installé sur beaucoup de machine. On pourrait donc définir font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode","Arial Unicode MS","Code 2000",sans-serif; dans les page de style. Voila pour l'affichage. Maintenant pour l'utilisation, il faudrait voir ce que la Société Linguistique Congolaise utilise officiellement. L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] recommande l'usage de ses caractères spéciaux. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 13:26, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) J'ai jeté un coup d'oeil avec Windows, il n'y a presque pas de problème avec les fonts qui ont les caractères spéciaux. Seul Internet Explorer 6 affiche erronement en monospace et avec Default, Arial Unicode MS. Lucida Sans Unicode, Doulos SIL et Gentium fonctionne à merveille sous tous les browsers que j'ai essayer (Mozilla Firefox, Opera). Firefox indique juste les accents légerement déplacés avec la première font (monospace) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 17:32, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Qui voit la différence entre ε et ɛ ? Le premier est la lettre epsilon (grec), la seconde le e ouvert (é) phonétique (IPA). En utilisant la lettre greque, on aura pas les problèmes d'affigage? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:17, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC) 2395 2005-03-09T14:26:20Z Moyogo 11 == traduction des menus == Salut Bombo, Je ne parle pas lingala mais j'ai un intérêt pour la langue, des origines congolaises et un dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála. Ce serait avec plaisir que je participerais au ln.wikipedia. Quelques traductions pour les liens et pages spéciales: *edit **changer - **#kobalola (retourner) **#kobóngola (retourner, transformer) **transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) **modifier - kobalusa *histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) *montrer - *#kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) *#kotálisa (indiquer) *sauver - kokósoli (?) *suivre - kolanda *discussion - ntembe *préférences - ? *contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? *accueil/mainpage - lonkásá ya liboso --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo Merci pour ces traductions. Je suis en contact avec des concolais et avec les résponsables de Wikipédia pour l'accès respectiv pour changer les menus. Merci d'y participer! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:25, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC) == accents et autres == re-Salut, Je me demandais si ce ne serait pas mieux d'utiliser les accents et les caractères spéciaux propres au lingala. De cette façon, lingala serait lingála, mboté mbɔtɛ́, etc. Il y a des avantages et des inconvénients. Le lingala étant une langue peu disponible sur l'internet, la plupart des sources n'utilisent pas ces caractères spéciaux. La littérature sur papier l'utilise presque systématiquement. L'avantage d'utiliser ces caractères est qu'ils indiquent la prononciation (classique). Le désavantage majeur est qu'il n'y a pas de méthodes d'entrée lingala disponible, et donc peu de gens les utilise. Il faudrait donc just rajouter c'est caractère speciaux dans la liste de caractères disponible à l'édition d'article. Il faudrait aussi corriger les mots actuellement présent mais sans l'orthographe classique. Personnellement je suis en faveur d'un usage classique du lingala. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo - Je suis d'accord avec les accents. Pour les caractères spéciales, c'est le problème d'affichage. J'ai vu qu sur la wikipédia alsacienne, il y a un moyen facile pour ajouter des caractères spéciales et les accent. Dès que j'ai les possibilités (mode d'administrateur), j'aime bien d'ajouter cela à la Wikipédia lingala. Il s'agit d'une ligne de lettres avec tout les caractères spéciales et lettres avec accents dans le mode éditer. En cliquant sur une lettre, elle sera écrit à l'endroit ou se trouve le curseur. Merci pour le soutien! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 02:08, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == caractères spéciaux == J'ai fait quelques essais avec un petit article sur la [[politiki|politique]] (retrouvé chez Dzokanga, auteur de Congo-Braza dans le temps communiste). Pour plus de détails sur les caractères spéciaux voir aussi [[user:moyogo]]. * affichage parfaite avec Safari 1.0.3 * affichage avec des ? avec Microsoft Explorer 5.2 ** affichage avec des erreurs avec Microsoft Explorer 6 (Windows) * affichage avec des ? avec Mozilla 1.5 * affichage avec des ? avec Firefox 1.0 ** affichage correct des caractères avec erreurs d'accents avec Firefox 1.0 (Linux) ** affichage presque parfait avec Firefox 1.0 (Windows), avec toutes les fonts installées --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage parfait avec Opera 7.54 (Linux, Windows) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage avec erreurs avec Konqueror 3.3.2 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Je suis pour les caractères spéciaux, mais à condition qu'il sont lisible. Quelle est votre expérience? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:29, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) Pour - ;) Il semble que mes erreurs sous Linux avec Firefox soient à cause d'un bug dans pango, à suivre. Pour le reste Opera affiche tout parfaitement. Konqueror a des problèmes pour presque tout les caractères spéciaux et accents spéciaux (sur mon installation Ubuntu). Il serait utile d'utilisé une font par défaut pour le wikipédia lingala. Je pense que <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium</span> (serif) ou <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode</span> (sans) sont de bonnes options et elles sont disponibles gratuitement. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Merci! J'ai verifié tes exemples sur [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et avec Microsoft Explorer 6.0.3 (Windows Server 2003), ce n'est que Lucida Sans Unicode qui affiche les caractères spéciaux correctement. Je vériferais à la maison avec Macintosh. Les accents sont toujours afiché correctement.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:24, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) A mon avis, les accents ne sont pas discutable. Pour les caractères spéciaux, il faut voir, parceque cela sert à quoi, si ce n'est que lisibles pour ceux qui ont un équipement spéciale? Est-ce que les futurs utilisateurs seront de majorité des exilés en Europe ou des Congolais dans un cyber où il devront prendre l'ordinateur tel qu'il est? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Si Lucida Sans Unicode est la font par défaut les accents et les deux caractères spéciaux vraiment problématiques (ɛ - e ouvert, et ɔ - o ouvert) devraient être affiché correctement, sauf exception. Ces deux caractères sont dans la partie IPA des tables de caractères, les pages IPA sur la majorité des wikipédia affichent en Lucida Sans Unicode par défaut. L'avantage de Lucida Sans Unicode est qu'il est déjà installé sur beaucoup de machine. On pourrait donc définir font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode","Arial Unicode MS","Code 2000",sans-serif; dans les page de style. Voila pour l'affichage. Maintenant pour l'utilisation, il faudrait voir ce que la Société Linguistique Congolaise utilise officiellement. L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] recommande l'usage de ses caractères spéciaux. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 13:26, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) J'ai jeté un coup d'oeil avec Windows, il n'y a presque pas de problème avec les fonts qui ont les caractères spéciaux. Seul Internet Explorer 6 affiche erronement en monospace et avec Default, Arial Unicode MS. Lucida Sans Unicode, Doulos SIL et Gentium fonctionne à merveille sous tous les browsers que j'ai essayer (Mozilla Firefox, Opera). Firefox indique juste les accents légerement déplacés avec la première font (monospace) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 17:32, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Qui voit la différence entre ε et ɛ ? Le premier est la lettre epsilon (grec), la seconde le e ouvert (é) phonétique (IPA). En utilisant la lettre greque, on aura pas les problèmes d'affigage? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:17, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC) Effectivement, le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; et en majuscule &#x0395; &#x26;#x0395;) s'affiche correctement presque universellement. Il s'affiche même presque parfaitement avec les accents &#x03b5; avec accent aigu, circumflex, caron et grave devient &#x03b5;&#x0301; &#x03b5;&#x0302; &#x03b5;&#x030C; &#x03b5;&#x0300;. &#x03b5;&#x0301; (&#x26;#x03b5;&#x26;#x0301;) traduit à l'affichage en un seul caractère &#x03AD; (&#x03AD) qui est epsilon avec tonos, malheureusement le tonos est souvent une barre verticale et non un accent aigu. De plus le petit e ouvert latin (&#x25B; &#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) est du type latin tandis que le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; greek small letter epsilon) est du type grecque ce qui peut parfois leurs donner deux styles bien différent dans certaines fonts. Les autres caractères lingala étant eux aussi du type latin (latin small letter a, latin small open e, etc...). L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] indique clairement que le latin small letter e est le bon caractère parce qu'il devient Ɛ (&#x26;#x0190; latin capital letter open e). En bref, le standard unicode définit &#x25B; (&#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) et Ɛ (&#x0190; latin capital letter open e) comme la lettre africaine. Si seulement il pouvait rajouté nos e et o ouverts avec les accents dans la table unicode pour que avoir un caractère chaque fois comme pour les e,a,o,u,i plutot que des combinaisons. En attendant, il suffit d'attendre que nos programmes les affiches mieux. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 2397 2005-03-09T14:38:23Z Moyogo 11 == traduction des menus == Salut Bombo, Je ne parle pas lingala mais j'ai un intérêt pour la langue, des origines congolaises et un dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála. Ce serait avec plaisir que je participerais au ln.wikipedia. Quelques traductions pour les liens et pages spéciales: *edit **changer - **#kobalola (retourner) **#kobóngola (retourner, transformer) **transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) **modifier - kobalusa *histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) *montrer - *#kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) *#kotálisa (indiquer) *sauver - kokósoli (?) *suivre - kolanda *discussion - ntembe *préférences - ? *contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? *accueil/mainpage - lonkásá ya liboso --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo Merci pour ces traductions. Je suis en contact avec des concolais et avec les résponsables de Wikipédia pour l'accès respectiv pour changer les menus. Merci d'y participer! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:25, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC) == accents et autres == re-Salut, Je me demandais si ce ne serait pas mieux d'utiliser les accents et les caractères spéciaux propres au lingala. De cette façon, lingala serait lingála, mboté mbɔtɛ́, etc. Il y a des avantages et des inconvénients. Le lingala étant une langue peu disponible sur l'internet, la plupart des sources n'utilisent pas ces caractères spéciaux. La littérature sur papier l'utilise presque systématiquement. L'avantage d'utiliser ces caractères est qu'ils indiquent la prononciation (classique). Le désavantage majeur est qu'il n'y a pas de méthodes d'entrée lingala disponible, et donc peu de gens les utilise. Il faudrait donc just rajouter c'est caractère speciaux dans la liste de caractères disponible à l'édition d'article. Il faudrait aussi corriger les mots actuellement présent mais sans l'orthographe classique. Personnellement je suis en faveur d'un usage classique du lingala. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo - Je suis d'accord avec les accents. Pour les caractères spéciales, c'est le problème d'affichage. J'ai vu qu sur la wikipédia alsacienne, il y a un moyen facile pour ajouter des caractères spéciales et les accent. Dès que j'ai les possibilités (mode d'administrateur), j'aime bien d'ajouter cela à la Wikipédia lingala. Il s'agit d'une ligne de lettres avec tout les caractères spéciales et lettres avec accents dans le mode éditer. En cliquant sur une lettre, elle sera écrit à l'endroit ou se trouve le curseur. Merci pour le soutien! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 02:08, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == caractères spéciaux == J'ai fait quelques essais avec un petit article sur la [[politiki|politique]] (retrouvé chez Dzokanga, auteur de Congo-Braza dans le temps communiste). Pour plus de détails sur les caractères spéciaux voir aussi [[user:moyogo]]. * affichage parfaite avec Safari 1.0.3 * affichage avec des ? avec Microsoft Explorer 5.2 ** affichage avec des erreurs avec Microsoft Explorer 6 (Windows) * affichage avec des ? avec Mozilla 1.5 * affichage avec des ? avec Firefox 1.0 ** affichage correct des caractères avec erreurs d'accents avec Firefox 1.0 (Linux) ** affichage presque parfait avec Firefox 1.0 (Windows), avec toutes les fonts installées --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage parfait avec Opera 7.54 (Linux, Windows) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage avec erreurs avec Konqueror 3.3.2 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Je suis pour les caractères spéciaux, mais à condition qu'il sont lisible. Quelle est votre expérience? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:29, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) Pour - ;) Il semble que mes erreurs sous Linux avec Firefox soient à cause d'un bug dans pango, à suivre. Pour le reste Opera affiche tout parfaitement. Konqueror a des problèmes pour presque tout les caractères spéciaux et accents spéciaux (sur mon installation Ubuntu). Il serait utile d'utilisé une font par défaut pour le wikipédia lingala. Je pense que <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium</span> (serif) ou <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode</span> (sans) sont de bonnes options et elles sont disponibles gratuitement. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Merci! J'ai verifié tes exemples sur [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et avec Microsoft Explorer 6.0.3 (Windows Server 2003), ce n'est que Lucida Sans Unicode qui affiche les caractères spéciaux correctement. Je vériferais à la maison avec Macintosh. Les accents sont toujours afiché correctement.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:24, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) A mon avis, les accents ne sont pas discutable. Pour les caractères spéciaux, il faut voir, parceque cela sert à quoi, si ce n'est que lisibles pour ceux qui ont un équipement spéciale? Est-ce que les futurs utilisateurs seront de majorité des exilés en Europe ou des Congolais dans un cyber où il devront prendre l'ordinateur tel qu'il est? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Si Lucida Sans Unicode est la font par défaut les accents et les deux caractères spéciaux vraiment problématiques (ɛ - e ouvert, et ɔ - o ouvert) devraient être affiché correctement, sauf exception. Ces deux caractères sont dans la partie IPA des tables de caractères, les pages IPA sur la majorité des wikipédia affichent en Lucida Sans Unicode par défaut. L'avantage de Lucida Sans Unicode est qu'il est déjà installé sur beaucoup de machine. On pourrait donc définir font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode","Arial Unicode MS","Code 2000",sans-serif; dans les page de style. Voila pour l'affichage. Maintenant pour l'utilisation, il faudrait voir ce que la Société Linguistique Congolaise utilise officiellement. L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] recommande l'usage de ses caractères spéciaux. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 13:26, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) J'ai jeté un coup d'oeil avec Windows, il n'y a presque pas de problème avec les fonts qui ont les caractères spéciaux. Seul Internet Explorer 6 affiche erronement en monospace et avec Default, Arial Unicode MS. Lucida Sans Unicode, Doulos SIL et Gentium fonctionne à merveille sous tous les browsers que j'ai essayer (Mozilla Firefox, Opera). Firefox indique juste les accents légerement déplacés avec la première font (monospace) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 17:32, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Qui voit la différence entre ε et ɛ ? Le premier est la lettre epsilon (grec), la seconde le e ouvert (é) phonétique (IPA). En utilisant la lettre greque, on aura pas les problèmes d'affigage? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:17, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC) Effectivement, le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; et en majuscule &#x0395; &#x26;#x0395;) s'affiche correctement presque universellement. Il s'affiche même presque parfaitement avec les accents &#x03b5; avec accent aigu, circumflex, caron et grave devient &#x03b5;&#x0301; &#x03b5;&#x0302; &#x03b5;&#x030C; &#x03b5;&#x0300;. &#x03b5;&#x0301; (&#x26;#x03b5;&#x26;#x0301;) traduit à l'affichage en un seul caractère &#x03AD; (&#x03AD) qui est epsilon avec tonos, malheureusement le tonos est souvent une barre verticale et non un accent aigu. De plus le petit e ouvert latin (&#x25B; &#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) est du type latin tandis que le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; greek small letter epsilon) est du type grecque ce qui peut parfois leurs donner deux styles bien différent dans certaines fonts. Les autres caractères lingala étant eux aussi du type latin (latin small letter a, latin small open e, etc...). L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC]([ftp://ftp.eki.ee/pub/truetype/uni.pdf (pdf)]) et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] indique clairement que le latin small letter e est le bon caractère et qu'il devient Ɛ (&#x26;#x0190; latin capital letter open e). Ce qui veut dire qu'un article [[ɛlɔ́kɔ]] aura comme titre Ɛlɔ́kɔ et non Εlɔ́kɔ si on utilisait le epsilon et donc [[&#x03b5;lɔ́kɔ]]. En bref, le standard unicode définit &#x25B; (&#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) et Ɛ (&#x0190; latin capital letter open e) comme la lettre africaine. Si seulement il pouvait rajouté nos e et o ouverts avec les accents dans la table unicode pour que avoir un caractère chaque fois comme pour les e,a,o,u,i plutot que des combinaisons. En attendant, il suffit d'attendre que nos programmes les affiches mieux. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 2399 2005-03-09T14:42:47Z Moyogo 11 /* caractères spéciaux */ == traduction des menus == Salut Bombo, Je ne parle pas lingala mais j'ai un intérêt pour la langue, des origines congolaises et un dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála. Ce serait avec plaisir que je participerais au ln.wikipedia. Quelques traductions pour les liens et pages spéciales: *edit **changer - **#kobalola (retourner) **#kobóngola (retourner, transformer) **transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) **modifier - kobalusa *histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) *montrer - *#kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) *#kotálisa (indiquer) *sauver - kokósoli (?) *suivre - kolanda *discussion - ntembe *préférences - ? *contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? *accueil/mainpage - lonkásá ya liboso --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo Merci pour ces traductions. Je suis en contact avec des concolais et avec les résponsables de Wikipédia pour l'accès respectiv pour changer les menus. Merci d'y participer! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:25, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC) == accents et autres == re-Salut, Je me demandais si ce ne serait pas mieux d'utiliser les accents et les caractères spéciaux propres au lingala. De cette façon, lingala serait lingála, mboté mbɔtɛ́, etc. Il y a des avantages et des inconvénients. Le lingala étant une langue peu disponible sur l'internet, la plupart des sources n'utilisent pas ces caractères spéciaux. La littérature sur papier l'utilise presque systématiquement. L'avantage d'utiliser ces caractères est qu'ils indiquent la prononciation (classique). Le désavantage majeur est qu'il n'y a pas de méthodes d'entrée lingala disponible, et donc peu de gens les utilise. Il faudrait donc just rajouter c'est caractère speciaux dans la liste de caractères disponible à l'édition d'article. Il faudrait aussi corriger les mots actuellement présent mais sans l'orthographe classique. Personnellement je suis en faveur d'un usage classique du lingala. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo - Je suis d'accord avec les accents. Pour les caractères spéciales, c'est le problème d'affichage. J'ai vu qu sur la wikipédia alsacienne, il y a un moyen facile pour ajouter des caractères spéciales et les accent. Dès que j'ai les possibilités (mode d'administrateur), j'aime bien d'ajouter cela à la Wikipédia lingala. Il s'agit d'une ligne de lettres avec tout les caractères spéciales et lettres avec accents dans le mode éditer. En cliquant sur une lettre, elle sera écrit à l'endroit ou se trouve le curseur. Merci pour le soutien! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 02:08, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == caractères spéciaux == J'ai fait quelques essais avec un petit article sur la [[politiki|politique]] (retrouvé chez Dzokanga, auteur de Congo-Braza dans le temps communiste). Pour plus de détails sur les caractères spéciaux voir aussi [[user:moyogo]]. * affichage parfaite avec Safari 1.0.3 * affichage avec des ? avec Microsoft Explorer 5.2 ** affichage avec des erreurs avec Microsoft Explorer 6 (Windows) * affichage avec des ? avec Mozilla 1.5 * affichage avec des ? avec Firefox 1.0 ** affichage correct des caractères avec erreurs d'accents avec Firefox 1.0 (Linux) ** affichage presque parfait avec Firefox 1.0 (Windows), avec toutes les fonts installées --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage parfait avec Opera 7.54 (Linux, Windows) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage avec erreurs avec Konqueror 3.3.2 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Je suis pour les caractères spéciaux, mais à condition qu'il sont lisible. Quelle est votre expérience? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:29, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) Pour - ;) Il semble que mes erreurs sous Linux avec Firefox soient à cause d'un bug dans pango, à suivre. Pour le reste Opera affiche tout parfaitement. Konqueror a des problèmes pour presque tout les caractères spéciaux et accents spéciaux (sur mon installation Ubuntu). Il serait utile d'utilisé une font par défaut pour le wikipédia lingala. Je pense que <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium</span> (serif) ou <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode</span> (sans) sont de bonnes options et elles sont disponibles gratuitement. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Merci! J'ai verifié tes exemples sur [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et avec Microsoft Explorer 6.0.3 (Windows Server 2003), ce n'est que Lucida Sans Unicode qui affiche les caractères spéciaux correctement. Je vériferais à la maison avec Macintosh. Les accents sont toujours afiché correctement.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:24, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) A mon avis, les accents ne sont pas discutable. Pour les caractères spéciaux, il faut voir, parceque cela sert à quoi, si ce n'est que lisibles pour ceux qui ont un équipement spéciale? Est-ce que les futurs utilisateurs seront de majorité des exilés en Europe ou des Congolais dans un cyber où il devront prendre l'ordinateur tel qu'il est? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Si Lucida Sans Unicode est la font par défaut les accents et les deux caractères spéciaux vraiment problématiques (ɛ - e ouvert, et ɔ - o ouvert) devraient être affiché correctement, sauf exception. Ces deux caractères sont dans la partie IPA des tables de caractères, les pages IPA sur la majorité des wikipédia affichent en Lucida Sans Unicode par défaut. L'avantage de Lucida Sans Unicode est qu'il est déjà installé sur beaucoup de machine. On pourrait donc définir font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode","Arial Unicode MS","Code 2000",sans-serif; dans les page de style. Voila pour l'affichage. Maintenant pour l'utilisation, il faudrait voir ce que la Société Linguistique Congolaise utilise officiellement. L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] recommande l'usage de ses caractères spéciaux. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 13:26, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) J'ai jeté un coup d'oeil avec Windows, il n'y a presque pas de problème avec les fonts qui ont les caractères spéciaux. Seul Internet Explorer 6 affiche erronement en monospace et avec Default, Arial Unicode MS. Lucida Sans Unicode, Doulos SIL et Gentium fonctionne à merveille sous tous les browsers que j'ai essayer (Mozilla Firefox, Opera). Firefox indique juste les accents légerement déplacés avec la première font (monospace) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 17:32, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Qui voit la différence entre ε et ɛ ? Le premier est la lettre epsilon (grec), la seconde le e ouvert (é) phonétique (IPA). En utilisant la lettre greque, on aura pas les problèmes d'affigage? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:17, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC) Effectivement, le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; et en majuscule &#x0395; &#x26;#x0395;) s'affiche correctement presque universellement. Il s'affiche même presque parfaitement avec les accents &#x03b5; avec accent aigu, circumflex, caron et grave devient &#x03b5;&#x0301; &#x03b5;&#x0302; &#x03b5;&#x030C; &#x03b5;&#x0300;. &#x03b5;&#x0301; (&#x26;#x03b5;&#x26;#x0301;) traduit à l'affichage en un seul caractère &#x03AD; (&#x03AD) qui est epsilon avec tonos, malheureusement le tonos est souvent une barre verticale et non un accent aigu. De plus le petit e ouvert latin (&#x25B; &#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) est du type latin tandis que le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; greek small letter epsilon) est du type grecque ce qui peut parfois leurs donner deux styles bien différent dans certaines fonts. Les autres caractères lingala étant eux aussi du type latin (latin small letter a, latin small open e, etc...). L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC]([ftp://ftp.eki.ee/pub/truetype/uni.pdf (pdf)]) et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] indique clairement que le latin small letter e est le bon caractère et qu'il devient Ɛ (&#x26;#x0190; latin capital letter open e). Ce qui veut dire qu'un article [[ɛlɔ́kɔ]] aura comme titre Ɛlɔ́kɔ et non Εlɔ́kɔ si on utilisait le epsilon et donc [[&#x03b5;lɔ́kɔ]]. En bref, le standard unicode définit &#x25B; (&#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) et Ɛ (&#x0190; latin capital letter open e) comme la lettre africaine. Si seulement il pouvait rajouté nos e et o ouverts avec les accents dans la table unicode pour avoir un caractère chaque fois comme pour les e,a,o,u,i plutot que des combinaisons. En attendant, il suffit d'attendre que nos programmes les affiches mieux. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 2432 2005-03-09T14:47:43Z Moyogo 11 clavier lingala == traduction des menus == Salut Bombo, Je ne parle pas lingala mais j'ai un intérêt pour la langue, des origines congolaises et un dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála. Ce serait avec plaisir que je participerais au ln.wikipedia. Quelques traductions pour les liens et pages spéciales: *edit **changer - **#kobalola (retourner) **#kobóngola (retourner, transformer) **transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) **modifier - kobalusa *histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) *montrer - *#kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) *#kotálisa (indiquer) *sauver - kokósoli (?) *suivre - kolanda *discussion - ntembe *préférences - ? *contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? *accueil/mainpage - lonkásá ya liboso --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo Merci pour ces traductions. Je suis en contact avec des concolais et avec les résponsables de Wikipédia pour l'accès respectiv pour changer les menus. Merci d'y participer! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:25, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC) == accents et autres == re-Salut, Je me demandais si ce ne serait pas mieux d'utiliser les accents et les caractères spéciaux propres au lingala. De cette façon, lingala serait lingála, mboté mbɔtɛ́, etc. Il y a des avantages et des inconvénients. Le lingala étant une langue peu disponible sur l'internet, la plupart des sources n'utilisent pas ces caractères spéciaux. La littérature sur papier l'utilise presque systématiquement. L'avantage d'utiliser ces caractères est qu'ils indiquent la prononciation (classique). Le désavantage majeur est qu'il n'y a pas de méthodes d'entrée lingala disponible, et donc peu de gens les utilise. Il faudrait donc just rajouter c'est caractère speciaux dans la liste de caractères disponible à l'édition d'article. Il faudrait aussi corriger les mots actuellement présent mais sans l'orthographe classique. Personnellement je suis en faveur d'un usage classique du lingala. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo - Je suis d'accord avec les accents. Pour les caractères spéciales, c'est le problème d'affichage. J'ai vu qu sur la wikipédia alsacienne, il y a un moyen facile pour ajouter des caractères spéciales et les accent. Dès que j'ai les possibilités (mode d'administrateur), j'aime bien d'ajouter cela à la Wikipédia lingala. Il s'agit d'une ligne de lettres avec tout les caractères spéciales et lettres avec accents dans le mode éditer. En cliquant sur une lettre, elle sera écrit à l'endroit ou se trouve le curseur. Merci pour le soutien! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 02:08, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == caractères spéciaux == J'ai fait quelques essais avec un petit article sur la [[politiki|politique]] (retrouvé chez Dzokanga, auteur de Congo-Braza dans le temps communiste). Pour plus de détails sur les caractères spéciaux voir aussi [[user:moyogo]]. * affichage parfaite avec Safari 1.0.3 * affichage avec des ? avec Microsoft Explorer 5.2 ** affichage avec des erreurs avec Microsoft Explorer 6 (Windows) * affichage avec des ? avec Mozilla 1.5 * affichage avec des ? avec Firefox 1.0 ** affichage correct des caractères avec erreurs d'accents avec Firefox 1.0 (Linux) ** affichage presque parfait avec Firefox 1.0 (Windows), avec toutes les fonts installées --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage parfait avec Opera 7.54 (Linux, Windows) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage avec erreurs avec Konqueror 3.3.2 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Je suis pour les caractères spéciaux, mais à condition qu'il sont lisible. Quelle est votre expérience? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:29, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) Pour - ;) Il semble que mes erreurs sous Linux avec Firefox soient à cause d'un bug dans pango, à suivre. Pour le reste Opera affiche tout parfaitement. Konqueror a des problèmes pour presque tout les caractères spéciaux et accents spéciaux (sur mon installation Ubuntu). Il serait utile d'utilisé une font par défaut pour le wikipédia lingala. Je pense que <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium</span> (serif) ou <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode</span> (sans) sont de bonnes options et elles sont disponibles gratuitement. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Merci! J'ai verifié tes exemples sur [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et avec Microsoft Explorer 6.0.3 (Windows Server 2003), ce n'est que Lucida Sans Unicode qui affiche les caractères spéciaux correctement. Je vériferais à la maison avec Macintosh. Les accents sont toujours afiché correctement.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:24, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) A mon avis, les accents ne sont pas discutable. Pour les caractères spéciaux, il faut voir, parceque cela sert à quoi, si ce n'est que lisibles pour ceux qui ont un équipement spéciale? Est-ce que les futurs utilisateurs seront de majorité des exilés en Europe ou des Congolais dans un cyber où il devront prendre l'ordinateur tel qu'il est? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Si Lucida Sans Unicode est la font par défaut les accents et les deux caractères spéciaux vraiment problématiques (ɛ - e ouvert, et ɔ - o ouvert) devraient être affiché correctement, sauf exception. Ces deux caractères sont dans la partie IPA des tables de caractères, les pages IPA sur la majorité des wikipédia affichent en Lucida Sans Unicode par défaut. L'avantage de Lucida Sans Unicode est qu'il est déjà installé sur beaucoup de machine. On pourrait donc définir font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode","Arial Unicode MS","Code 2000",sans-serif; dans les page de style. Voila pour l'affichage. Maintenant pour l'utilisation, il faudrait voir ce que la Société Linguistique Congolaise utilise officiellement. L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] recommande l'usage de ses caractères spéciaux. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 13:26, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) J'ai jeté un coup d'oeil avec Windows, il n'y a presque pas de problème avec les fonts qui ont les caractères spéciaux. Seul Internet Explorer 6 affiche erronement en monospace et avec Default, Arial Unicode MS. Lucida Sans Unicode, Doulos SIL et Gentium fonctionne à merveille sous tous les browsers que j'ai essayer (Mozilla Firefox, Opera). Firefox indique juste les accents légerement déplacés avec la première font (monospace) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 17:32, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Qui voit la différence entre ε et ɛ ? Le premier est la lettre epsilon (grec), la seconde le e ouvert (é) phonétique (IPA). En utilisant la lettre greque, on aura pas les problèmes d'affigage? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:17, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC) Effectivement, le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; et en majuscule &#x0395; &#x26;#x0395;) s'affiche correctement presque universellement. Il s'affiche même presque parfaitement avec les accents &#x03b5; avec accent aigu, circumflex, caron et grave devient &#x03b5;&#x0301; &#x03b5;&#x0302; &#x03b5;&#x030C; &#x03b5;&#x0300;. &#x03b5;&#x0301; (&#x26;#x03b5;&#x26;#x0301;) traduit à l'affichage en un seul caractère &#x03AD; (&#x03AD) qui est epsilon avec tonos, malheureusement le tonos est souvent une barre verticale et non un accent aigu. De plus le petit e ouvert latin (&#x25B; &#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) est du type latin tandis que le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; greek small letter epsilon) est du type grecque ce qui peut parfois leurs donner deux styles bien différent dans certaines fonts. Les autres caractères lingala étant eux aussi du type latin (latin small letter a, latin small open e, etc...). L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC]([ftp://ftp.eki.ee/pub/truetype/uni.pdf (pdf)]) et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] indique clairement que le latin small letter e est le bon caractère et qu'il devient Ɛ (&#x26;#x0190; latin capital letter open e). Ce qui veut dire qu'un article [[ɛlɔ́kɔ]] aura comme titre Ɛlɔ́kɔ et non Εlɔ́kɔ si on utilisait le epsilon et donc [[&#x03b5;lɔ́kɔ]]. En bref, le standard unicode définit &#x25B; (&#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) et Ɛ (&#x0190; latin capital letter open e) comme la lettre africaine. Si seulement il pouvait rajouté nos e et o ouverts avec les accents dans la table unicode pour avoir un caractère chaque fois comme pour les e,a,o,u,i plutot que des combinaisons. En attendant, il suffit d'attendre que nos programmes les affiches mieux. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == clavier lingala == J'ai fait [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala quelques claviers] dont un pour Mac OS X avec la page [http://wordherd.com/keyboards/] est-ce qu'il marche correctement? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 4622 2005-03-16T00:52:07Z Moyogo 11 Bombo azali moyángeli == traduction des menus == Salut Bombo, Je ne parle pas lingala mais j'ai un intérêt pour la langue, des origines congolaises et un dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála. Ce serait avec plaisir que je participerais au ln.wikipedia. Quelques traductions pour les liens et pages spéciales: *edit **changer - **#kobalola (retourner) **#kobóngola (retourner, transformer) **transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) **modifier - kobalusa *histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) *montrer - *#kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) *#kotálisa (indiquer) *sauver - kokósoli (?) *suivre - kolanda *discussion - ntembe *préférences - ? *contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? *accueil/mainpage - lonkásá ya liboso --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo Merci pour ces traductions. Je suis en contact avec des concolais et avec les résponsables de Wikipédia pour l'accès respectiv pour changer les menus. Merci d'y participer! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:25, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC) == accents et autres == re-Salut, Je me demandais si ce ne serait pas mieux d'utiliser les accents et les caractères spéciaux propres au lingala. De cette façon, lingala serait lingála, mboté mbɔtɛ́, etc. Il y a des avantages et des inconvénients. Le lingala étant une langue peu disponible sur l'internet, la plupart des sources n'utilisent pas ces caractères spéciaux. La littérature sur papier l'utilise presque systématiquement. L'avantage d'utiliser ces caractères est qu'ils indiquent la prononciation (classique). Le désavantage majeur est qu'il n'y a pas de méthodes d'entrée lingala disponible, et donc peu de gens les utilise. Il faudrait donc just rajouter c'est caractère speciaux dans la liste de caractères disponible à l'édition d'article. Il faudrait aussi corriger les mots actuellement présent mais sans l'orthographe classique. Personnellement je suis en faveur d'un usage classique du lingala. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo - Je suis d'accord avec les accents. Pour les caractères spéciales, c'est le problème d'affichage. J'ai vu qu sur la wikipédia alsacienne, il y a un moyen facile pour ajouter des caractères spéciales et les accent. Dès que j'ai les possibilités (mode d'administrateur), j'aime bien d'ajouter cela à la Wikipédia lingala. Il s'agit d'une ligne de lettres avec tout les caractères spéciales et lettres avec accents dans le mode éditer. En cliquant sur une lettre, elle sera écrit à l'endroit ou se trouve le curseur. Merci pour le soutien! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 02:08, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == caractères spéciaux == J'ai fait quelques essais avec un petit article sur la [[politiki|politique]] (retrouvé chez Dzokanga, auteur de Congo-Braza dans le temps communiste). Pour plus de détails sur les caractères spéciaux voir aussi [[user:moyogo]]. * affichage parfaite avec Safari 1.0.3 * affichage avec des ? avec Microsoft Explorer 5.2 ** affichage avec des erreurs avec Microsoft Explorer 6 (Windows) * affichage avec des ? avec Mozilla 1.5 * affichage avec des ? avec Firefox 1.0 ** affichage correct des caractères avec erreurs d'accents avec Firefox 1.0 (Linux) ** affichage presque parfait avec Firefox 1.0 (Windows), avec toutes les fonts installées --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage parfait avec Opera 7.54 (Linux, Windows) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage avec erreurs avec Konqueror 3.3.2 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Je suis pour les caractères spéciaux, mais à condition qu'il sont lisible. Quelle est votre expérience? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:29, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) Pour - ;) Il semble que mes erreurs sous Linux avec Firefox soient à cause d'un bug dans pango, à suivre. Pour le reste Opera affiche tout parfaitement. Konqueror a des problèmes pour presque tout les caractères spéciaux et accents spéciaux (sur mon installation Ubuntu). Il serait utile d'utilisé une font par défaut pour le wikipédia lingala. Je pense que <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium</span> (serif) ou <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode</span> (sans) sont de bonnes options et elles sont disponibles gratuitement. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Merci! J'ai verifié tes exemples sur [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et avec Microsoft Explorer 6.0.3 (Windows Server 2003), ce n'est que Lucida Sans Unicode qui affiche les caractères spéciaux correctement. Je vériferais à la maison avec Macintosh. Les accents sont toujours afiché correctement.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:24, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) A mon avis, les accents ne sont pas discutable. Pour les caractères spéciaux, il faut voir, parceque cela sert à quoi, si ce n'est que lisibles pour ceux qui ont un équipement spéciale? Est-ce que les futurs utilisateurs seront de majorité des exilés en Europe ou des Congolais dans un cyber où il devront prendre l'ordinateur tel qu'il est? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Si Lucida Sans Unicode est la font par défaut les accents et les deux caractères spéciaux vraiment problématiques (ɛ - e ouvert, et ɔ - o ouvert) devraient être affiché correctement, sauf exception. Ces deux caractères sont dans la partie IPA des tables de caractères, les pages IPA sur la majorité des wikipédia affichent en Lucida Sans Unicode par défaut. L'avantage de Lucida Sans Unicode est qu'il est déjà installé sur beaucoup de machine. On pourrait donc définir font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode","Arial Unicode MS","Code 2000",sans-serif; dans les page de style. Voila pour l'affichage. Maintenant pour l'utilisation, il faudrait voir ce que la Société Linguistique Congolaise utilise officiellement. L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] recommande l'usage de ses caractères spéciaux. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 13:26, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) J'ai jeté un coup d'oeil avec Windows, il n'y a presque pas de problème avec les fonts qui ont les caractères spéciaux. Seul Internet Explorer 6 affiche erronement en monospace et avec Default, Arial Unicode MS. Lucida Sans Unicode, Doulos SIL et Gentium fonctionne à merveille sous tous les browsers que j'ai essayer (Mozilla Firefox, Opera). Firefox indique juste les accents légerement déplacés avec la première font (monospace) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 17:32, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Qui voit la différence entre ε et ɛ ? Le premier est la lettre epsilon (grec), la seconde le e ouvert (é) phonétique (IPA). En utilisant la lettre greque, on aura pas les problèmes d'affigage? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:17, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC) Effectivement, le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; et en majuscule &#x0395; &#x26;#x0395;) s'affiche correctement presque universellement. Il s'affiche même presque parfaitement avec les accents &#x03b5; avec accent aigu, circumflex, caron et grave devient &#x03b5;&#x0301; &#x03b5;&#x0302; &#x03b5;&#x030C; &#x03b5;&#x0300;. &#x03b5;&#x0301; (&#x26;#x03b5;&#x26;#x0301;) traduit à l'affichage en un seul caractère &#x03AD; (&#x03AD) qui est epsilon avec tonos, malheureusement le tonos est souvent une barre verticale et non un accent aigu. De plus le petit e ouvert latin (&#x25B; &#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) est du type latin tandis que le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; greek small letter epsilon) est du type grecque ce qui peut parfois leurs donner deux styles bien différent dans certaines fonts. Les autres caractères lingala étant eux aussi du type latin (latin small letter a, latin small open e, etc...). L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC]([ftp://ftp.eki.ee/pub/truetype/uni.pdf (pdf)]) et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] indique clairement que le latin small letter e est le bon caractère et qu'il devient Ɛ (&#x26;#x0190; latin capital letter open e). Ce qui veut dire qu'un article [[ɛlɔ́kɔ]] aura comme titre Ɛlɔ́kɔ et non Εlɔ́kɔ si on utilisait le epsilon et donc [[&#x03b5;lɔ́kɔ]]. En bref, le standard unicode définit &#x25B; (&#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) et Ɛ (&#x0190; latin capital letter open e) comme la lettre africaine. Si seulement il pouvait rajouté nos e et o ouverts avec les accents dans la table unicode pour avoir un caractère chaque fois comme pour les e,a,o,u,i plutot que des combinaisons. En attendant, il suffit d'attendre que nos programmes les affiches mieux. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == clavier lingala == J'ai fait [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala quelques claviers] dont un pour Mac OS X avec la page [http://wordherd.com/keyboards/] est-ce qu'il marche correctement? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Bombo azali moyángeli == Félicitations! 5558 2005-07-23T23:33:26Z Themalau 22 == traduction des menus == Salut Bombo, Je ne parle pas lingala mais j'ai un intérêt pour la langue, des origines congolaises et un dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála. Ce serait avec plaisir que je participerais au ln.wikipedia. Quelques traductions pour les liens et pages spéciales: *edit **changer - **#kobalola (retourner) **#kobóngola (retourner, transformer) **transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) **modifier - kobalusa *histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) *montrer - *#kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) *#kotálisa (indiquer) *sauver - kokósoli (?) *suivre - kolanda *discussion - ntembe *préférences - ? *contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? *accueil/mainpage - lonkásá ya liboso --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo Merci pour ces traductions. Je suis en contact avec des concolais et avec les résponsables de Wikipédia pour l'accès respectiv pour changer les menus. Merci d'y participer! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:25, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC) == accents et autres == re-Salut, Je me demandais si ce ne serait pas mieux d'utiliser les accents et les caractères spéciaux propres au lingala. De cette façon, lingala serait lingála, mboté mbɔtɛ́, etc. Il y a des avantages et des inconvénients. Le lingala étant une langue peu disponible sur l'internet, la plupart des sources n'utilisent pas ces caractères spéciaux. La littérature sur papier l'utilise presque systématiquement. L'avantage d'utiliser ces caractères est qu'ils indiquent la prononciation (classique). Le désavantage majeur est qu'il n'y a pas de méthodes d'entrée lingala disponible, et donc peu de gens les utilise. Il faudrait donc just rajouter c'est caractère speciaux dans la liste de caractères disponible à l'édition d'article. Il faudrait aussi corriger les mots actuellement présent mais sans l'orthographe classique. Personnellement je suis en faveur d'un usage classique du lingala. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo - Je suis d'accord avec les accents. Pour les caractères spéciales, c'est le problème d'affichage. J'ai vu qu sur la wikipédia alsacienne, il y a un moyen facile pour ajouter des caractères spéciales et les accent. Dès que j'ai les possibilités (mode d'administrateur), j'aime bien d'ajouter cela à la Wikipédia lingala. Il s'agit d'une ligne de lettres avec tout les caractères spéciales et lettres avec accents dans le mode éditer. En cliquant sur une lettre, elle sera écrit à l'endroit ou se trouve le curseur. Merci pour le soutien! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 02:08, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == caractères spéciaux == J'ai fait quelques essais avec un petit article sur la [[politiki|politique]] (retrouvé chez Dzokanga, auteur de Congo-Braza dans le temps communiste). Pour plus de détails sur les caractères spéciaux voir aussi [[user:moyogo]]. * affichage parfaite avec Safari 1.0.3 * affichage avec des ? avec Microsoft Explorer 5.2 ** affichage avec des erreurs avec Microsoft Explorer 6 (Windows) * affichage avec des ? avec Mozilla 1.5 * affichage avec des ? avec Firefox 1.0 ** affichage correct des caractères avec erreurs d'accents avec Firefox 1.0 (Linux) ** affichage presque parfait avec Firefox 1.0 (Windows), avec toutes les fonts installées --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage parfait avec Opera 7.54 (Linux, Windows) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage avec erreurs avec Konqueror 3.3.2 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Je suis pour les caractères spéciaux, mais à condition qu'il sont lisible. Quelle est votre expérience? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:29, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) Pour - ;) Il semble que mes erreurs sous Linux avec Firefox soient à cause d'un bug dans pango, à suivre. Pour le reste Opera affiche tout parfaitement. Konqueror a des problèmes pour presque tout les caractères spéciaux et accents spéciaux (sur mon installation Ubuntu). Il serait utile d'utilisé une font par défaut pour le wikipédia lingala. Je pense que <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium</span> (serif) ou <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode</span> (sans) sont de bonnes options et elles sont disponibles gratuitement. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Merci! J'ai verifié tes exemples sur [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et avec Microsoft Explorer 6.0.3 (Windows Server 2003), ce n'est que Lucida Sans Unicode qui affiche les caractères spéciaux correctement. Je vériferais à la maison avec Macintosh. Les accents sont toujours afiché correctement.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:24, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) A mon avis, les accents ne sont pas discutable. Pour les caractères spéciaux, il faut voir, parceque cela sert à quoi, si ce n'est que lisibles pour ceux qui ont un équipement spéciale? Est-ce que les futurs utilisateurs seront de majorité des exilés en Europe ou des Congolais dans un cyber où il devront prendre l'ordinateur tel qu'il est? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Si Lucida Sans Unicode est la font par défaut les accents et les deux caractères spéciaux vraiment problématiques (ɛ - e ouvert, et ɔ - o ouvert) devraient être affiché correctement, sauf exception. Ces deux caractères sont dans la partie IPA des tables de caractères, les pages IPA sur la majorité des wikipédia affichent en Lucida Sans Unicode par défaut. L'avantage de Lucida Sans Unicode est qu'il est déjà installé sur beaucoup de machine. On pourrait donc définir font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode","Arial Unicode MS","Code 2000",sans-serif; dans les page de style. Voila pour l'affichage. Maintenant pour l'utilisation, il faudrait voir ce que la Société Linguistique Congolaise utilise officiellement. L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] recommande l'usage de ses caractères spéciaux. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 13:26, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) J'ai jeté un coup d'oeil avec Windows, il n'y a presque pas de problème avec les fonts qui ont les caractères spéciaux. Seul Internet Explorer 6 affiche erronement en monospace et avec Default, Arial Unicode MS. Lucida Sans Unicode, Doulos SIL et Gentium fonctionne à merveille sous tous les browsers que j'ai essayer (Mozilla Firefox, Opera). Firefox indique juste les accents légerement déplacés avec la première font (monospace) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 17:32, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Qui voit la différence entre ε et ɛ ? Le premier est la lettre epsilon (grec), la seconde le e ouvert (é) phonétique (IPA). En utilisant la lettre greque, on aura pas les problèmes d'affigage? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:17, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC) Effectivement, le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; et en majuscule &#x0395; &#x26;#x0395;) s'affiche correctement presque universellement. Il s'affiche même presque parfaitement avec les accents &#x03b5; avec accent aigu, circumflex, caron et grave devient &#x03b5;&#x0301; &#x03b5;&#x0302; &#x03b5;&#x030C; &#x03b5;&#x0300;. &#x03b5;&#x0301; (&#x26;#x03b5;&#x26;#x0301;) traduit à l'affichage en un seul caractère &#x03AD; (&#x03AD) qui est epsilon avec tonos, malheureusement le tonos est souvent une barre verticale et non un accent aigu. De plus le petit e ouvert latin (&#x25B; &#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) est du type latin tandis que le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; greek small letter epsilon) est du type grecque ce qui peut parfois leurs donner deux styles bien différent dans certaines fonts. Les autres caractères lingala étant eux aussi du type latin (latin small letter a, latin small open e, etc...). L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC]([ftp://ftp.eki.ee/pub/truetype/uni.pdf (pdf)]) et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] indique clairement que le latin small letter e est le bon caractère et qu'il devient Ɛ (&#x26;#x0190; latin capital letter open e). Ce qui veut dire qu'un article [[ɛlɔ́kɔ]] aura comme titre Ɛlɔ́kɔ et non Εlɔ́kɔ si on utilisait le epsilon et donc [[&#x03b5;lɔ́kɔ]]. En bref, le standard unicode définit &#x25B; (&#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) et Ɛ (&#x0190; latin capital letter open e) comme la lettre africaine. Si seulement il pouvait rajouté nos e et o ouverts avec les accents dans la table unicode pour avoir un caractère chaque fois comme pour les e,a,o,u,i plutot que des combinaisons. En attendant, il suffit d'attendre que nos programmes les affiches mieux. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == clavier lingala == J'ai fait [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala quelques claviers] dont un pour Mac OS X avec la page [http://wordherd.com/keyboards/] est-ce qu'il marche correctement? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Bombo azali moyángeli == Félicitations! Merci Bombo, et merci pour votre travail ici. Je suis Congolais, mais j'ai vecu au dehors du pays pendant longtemps, et je prends ceci comme un challenge, pour ameliorer mes connaissances du lingala literaire - ou plutot correct, car la langue n'etant pas vraiment une langue ecrite a l'origine. Je suis desole que les traductions prennent si longtemps, mais j'y arriverai. Merci. Soit dit en passant, j'ai ajoute un certain nombre de Templates, en particulier celui de la "boite pays" (Infobox:country), mais je ne suis pas sur de comment traduire certain elements du contenu de la boite. Les autres boites que j'ai ajoutees sont "Ba Provinsi ya Kɛ́ngɛ-Kinshasa", "FichePresidentUS", et un certain nombre de petites adaptations necessaires pour l'accessibilite de wiki a partir d'autres langues. J'ai aussi modifié les noms de tous les pays listés dans "bisé ya mokili", selon les noms que mon pere a jugé corrects. J'ai un probleme car je ne sais pas dire Est, Ouest, Sud, et Nord en lingala (pour Afrique du Sud par exemple), et j'ai presumé que "Lisanga ya Amerika" convenait aux Etats-Unis, meme si cela signifie qu'il faudra un jour ajouter une page d'homonymie, pour la differencier de l'OEA. Soit dit en passant aussi, je ne sais pas s'il existe un moyen de dire Etat dans le sens d'etats federés (comme l'Indiana et la Californie aux USA, ou le Chihuahua et le Guadalajara au Mexique). Y'a-t-il aussi un moyen de dire "Federal", autre que "fedelali" que ma grand-mere utilise. Enfin je me demandais si Kɛ́ngɛ etait la prononciation correcte d nom du pays. Car ca a l'air d'etre plutot celle du peuple de l'Ouest du pays. Dans le parle courant, on dit plutot Kɛngɛ́. Mais je reconnais c'est un peu du a l'influence de l'intonation de la langue francaise. L'appelation correcte devrait elle donc se prononcer Kɛ́ngɛ? Je suis heureux de contribuer mes 2 centimes (expression USA) a ce projet. Natondi bino botondi! 5559 2005-07-23T23:34:36Z Themalau 22 /* Bombo azali moyángeli */ == traduction des menus == Salut Bombo, Je ne parle pas lingala mais j'ai un intérêt pour la langue, des origines congolaises et un dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála. Ce serait avec plaisir que je participerais au ln.wikipedia. Quelques traductions pour les liens et pages spéciales: *edit **changer - **#kobalola (retourner) **#kobóngola (retourner, transformer) **transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) **modifier - kobalusa *histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) *montrer - *#kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) *#kotálisa (indiquer) *sauver - kokósoli (?) *suivre - kolanda *discussion - ntembe *préférences - ? *contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? *accueil/mainpage - lonkásá ya liboso --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo Merci pour ces traductions. Je suis en contact avec des concolais et avec les résponsables de Wikipédia pour l'accès respectiv pour changer les menus. Merci d'y participer! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:25, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC) == accents et autres == re-Salut, Je me demandais si ce ne serait pas mieux d'utiliser les accents et les caractères spéciaux propres au lingala. De cette façon, lingala serait lingála, mboté mbɔtɛ́, etc. Il y a des avantages et des inconvénients. Le lingala étant une langue peu disponible sur l'internet, la plupart des sources n'utilisent pas ces caractères spéciaux. La littérature sur papier l'utilise presque systématiquement. L'avantage d'utiliser ces caractères est qu'ils indiquent la prononciation (classique). Le désavantage majeur est qu'il n'y a pas de méthodes d'entrée lingala disponible, et donc peu de gens les utilise. Il faudrait donc just rajouter c'est caractère speciaux dans la liste de caractères disponible à l'édition d'article. Il faudrait aussi corriger les mots actuellement présent mais sans l'orthographe classique. Personnellement je suis en faveur d'un usage classique du lingala. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo - Je suis d'accord avec les accents. Pour les caractères spéciales, c'est le problème d'affichage. J'ai vu qu sur la wikipédia alsacienne, il y a un moyen facile pour ajouter des caractères spéciales et les accent. Dès que j'ai les possibilités (mode d'administrateur), j'aime bien d'ajouter cela à la Wikipédia lingala. Il s'agit d'une ligne de lettres avec tout les caractères spéciales et lettres avec accents dans le mode éditer. En cliquant sur une lettre, elle sera écrit à l'endroit ou se trouve le curseur. Merci pour le soutien! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 02:08, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == caractères spéciaux == J'ai fait quelques essais avec un petit article sur la [[politiki|politique]] (retrouvé chez Dzokanga, auteur de Congo-Braza dans le temps communiste). Pour plus de détails sur les caractères spéciaux voir aussi [[user:moyogo]]. * affichage parfaite avec Safari 1.0.3 * affichage avec des ? avec Microsoft Explorer 5.2 ** affichage avec des erreurs avec Microsoft Explorer 6 (Windows) * affichage avec des ? avec Mozilla 1.5 * affichage avec des ? avec Firefox 1.0 ** affichage correct des caractères avec erreurs d'accents avec Firefox 1.0 (Linux) ** affichage presque parfait avec Firefox 1.0 (Windows), avec toutes les fonts installées --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage parfait avec Opera 7.54 (Linux, Windows) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage avec erreurs avec Konqueror 3.3.2 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Je suis pour les caractères spéciaux, mais à condition qu'il sont lisible. Quelle est votre expérience? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:29, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) Pour - ;) Il semble que mes erreurs sous Linux avec Firefox soient à cause d'un bug dans pango, à suivre. Pour le reste Opera affiche tout parfaitement. Konqueror a des problèmes pour presque tout les caractères spéciaux et accents spéciaux (sur mon installation Ubuntu). Il serait utile d'utilisé une font par défaut pour le wikipédia lingala. Je pense que <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium</span> (serif) ou <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode</span> (sans) sont de bonnes options et elles sont disponibles gratuitement. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Merci! J'ai verifié tes exemples sur [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et avec Microsoft Explorer 6.0.3 (Windows Server 2003), ce n'est que Lucida Sans Unicode qui affiche les caractères spéciaux correctement. Je vériferais à la maison avec Macintosh. Les accents sont toujours afiché correctement.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:24, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) A mon avis, les accents ne sont pas discutable. Pour les caractères spéciaux, il faut voir, parceque cela sert à quoi, si ce n'est que lisibles pour ceux qui ont un équipement spéciale? Est-ce que les futurs utilisateurs seront de majorité des exilés en Europe ou des Congolais dans un cyber où il devront prendre l'ordinateur tel qu'il est? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Si Lucida Sans Unicode est la font par défaut les accents et les deux caractères spéciaux vraiment problématiques (ɛ - e ouvert, et ɔ - o ouvert) devraient être affiché correctement, sauf exception. Ces deux caractères sont dans la partie IPA des tables de caractères, les pages IPA sur la majorité des wikipédia affichent en Lucida Sans Unicode par défaut. L'avantage de Lucida Sans Unicode est qu'il est déjà installé sur beaucoup de machine. On pourrait donc définir font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode","Arial Unicode MS","Code 2000",sans-serif; dans les page de style. Voila pour l'affichage. Maintenant pour l'utilisation, il faudrait voir ce que la Société Linguistique Congolaise utilise officiellement. L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] recommande l'usage de ses caractères spéciaux. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 13:26, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) J'ai jeté un coup d'oeil avec Windows, il n'y a presque pas de problème avec les fonts qui ont les caractères spéciaux. Seul Internet Explorer 6 affiche erronement en monospace et avec Default, Arial Unicode MS. Lucida Sans Unicode, Doulos SIL et Gentium fonctionne à merveille sous tous les browsers que j'ai essayer (Mozilla Firefox, Opera). Firefox indique juste les accents légerement déplacés avec la première font (monospace) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 17:32, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Qui voit la différence entre ε et ɛ ? Le premier est la lettre epsilon (grec), la seconde le e ouvert (é) phonétique (IPA). En utilisant la lettre greque, on aura pas les problèmes d'affigage? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:17, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC) Effectivement, le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; et en majuscule &#x0395; &#x26;#x0395;) s'affiche correctement presque universellement. Il s'affiche même presque parfaitement avec les accents &#x03b5; avec accent aigu, circumflex, caron et grave devient &#x03b5;&#x0301; &#x03b5;&#x0302; &#x03b5;&#x030C; &#x03b5;&#x0300;. &#x03b5;&#x0301; (&#x26;#x03b5;&#x26;#x0301;) traduit à l'affichage en un seul caractère &#x03AD; (&#x03AD) qui est epsilon avec tonos, malheureusement le tonos est souvent une barre verticale et non un accent aigu. De plus le petit e ouvert latin (&#x25B; &#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) est du type latin tandis que le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; greek small letter epsilon) est du type grecque ce qui peut parfois leurs donner deux styles bien différent dans certaines fonts. Les autres caractères lingala étant eux aussi du type latin (latin small letter a, latin small open e, etc...). L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC]([ftp://ftp.eki.ee/pub/truetype/uni.pdf (pdf)]) et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] indique clairement que le latin small letter e est le bon caractère et qu'il devient Ɛ (&#x26;#x0190; latin capital letter open e). Ce qui veut dire qu'un article [[ɛlɔ́kɔ]] aura comme titre Ɛlɔ́kɔ et non Εlɔ́kɔ si on utilisait le epsilon et donc [[&#x03b5;lɔ́kɔ]]. En bref, le standard unicode définit &#x25B; (&#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) et Ɛ (&#x0190; latin capital letter open e) comme la lettre africaine. Si seulement il pouvait rajouté nos e et o ouverts avec les accents dans la table unicode pour avoir un caractère chaque fois comme pour les e,a,o,u,i plutot que des combinaisons. En attendant, il suffit d'attendre que nos programmes les affiches mieux. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == clavier lingala == J'ai fait [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala quelques claviers] dont un pour Mac OS X avec la page [http://wordherd.com/keyboards/] est-ce qu'il marche correctement? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Bombo azali moyángeli == Félicitations! == Questions == Merci Bombo, et merci pour votre travail ici. Je suis Congolais, mais j'ai vecu au dehors du pays pendant longtemps, et je prends ceci comme un challenge, pour ameliorer mes connaissances du lingala literaire - ou plutot correct, car la langue n'etant pas vraiment une langue ecrite a l'origine. Je suis desole que les traductions prennent si longtemps, mais j'y arriverai. Merci. Soit dit en passant, j'ai ajoute un certain nombre de Templates, en particulier celui de la "boite pays" (Infobox:country), mais je ne suis pas sur de comment traduire certain elements du contenu de la boite. Les autres boites que j'ai ajoutees sont "Ba Provinsi ya Kɛ́ngɛ-Kinshasa", "FichePresidentUS", et un certain nombre de petites adaptations necessaires pour l'accessibilite de wiki a partir d'autres langues. J'ai aussi modifié les noms de tous les pays listés dans "bisé ya mokili", selon les noms que mon pere a jugé corrects. J'ai un probleme car je ne sais pas dire Est, Ouest, Sud, et Nord en lingala (pour Afrique du Sud par exemple), et j'ai presumé que "Lisanga ya Amerika" convenait aux Etats-Unis, meme si cela signifie qu'il faudra un jour ajouter une page d'homonymie, pour la differencier de l'OEA. Soit dit en passant aussi, je ne sais pas s'il existe un moyen de dire Etat dans le sens d'etats federés (comme l'Indiana et la Californie aux USA, ou le Chihuahua et le Guadalajara au Mexique). Y'a-t-il aussi un moyen de dire "Federal", autre que "fedelali" que ma grand-mere utilise. Enfin je me demandais si Kɛ́ngɛ etait la prononciation correcte d nom du pays. Car ca a l'air d'etre plutot celle du peuple de l'Ouest du pays. Dans le parle courant, on dit plutot Kɛngɛ́. Mais je reconnais c'est un peu du a l'influence de l'intonation de la langue francaise. L'appelation correcte devrait elle donc se prononcer Kɛ́ngɛ? Je suis heureux de contribuer mes 2 centimes (expression USA) a ce projet. Natondi bino botondi! 5560 2005-07-23T23:35:09Z Themalau 22 /* Bombo azali moyángeli */ == traduction des menus == Salut Bombo, Je ne parle pas lingala mais j'ai un intérêt pour la langue, des origines congolaises et un dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála. Ce serait avec plaisir que je participerais au ln.wikipedia. Quelques traductions pour les liens et pages spéciales: *edit **changer - **#kobalola (retourner) **#kobóngola (retourner, transformer) **transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) **modifier - kobalusa *histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) *montrer - *#kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) *#kotálisa (indiquer) *sauver - kokósoli (?) *suivre - kolanda *discussion - ntembe *préférences - ? *contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? *accueil/mainpage - lonkásá ya liboso --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo Merci pour ces traductions. Je suis en contact avec des concolais et avec les résponsables de Wikipédia pour l'accès respectiv pour changer les menus. Merci d'y participer! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:25, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC) == accents et autres == re-Salut, Je me demandais si ce ne serait pas mieux d'utiliser les accents et les caractères spéciaux propres au lingala. De cette façon, lingala serait lingála, mboté mbɔtɛ́, etc. Il y a des avantages et des inconvénients. Le lingala étant une langue peu disponible sur l'internet, la plupart des sources n'utilisent pas ces caractères spéciaux. La littérature sur papier l'utilise presque systématiquement. L'avantage d'utiliser ces caractères est qu'ils indiquent la prononciation (classique). Le désavantage majeur est qu'il n'y a pas de méthodes d'entrée lingala disponible, et donc peu de gens les utilise. Il faudrait donc just rajouter c'est caractère speciaux dans la liste de caractères disponible à l'édition d'article. Il faudrait aussi corriger les mots actuellement présent mais sans l'orthographe classique. Personnellement je suis en faveur d'un usage classique du lingala. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo - Je suis d'accord avec les accents. Pour les caractères spéciales, c'est le problème d'affichage. J'ai vu qu sur la wikipédia alsacienne, il y a un moyen facile pour ajouter des caractères spéciales et les accent. Dès que j'ai les possibilités (mode d'administrateur), j'aime bien d'ajouter cela à la Wikipédia lingala. Il s'agit d'une ligne de lettres avec tout les caractères spéciales et lettres avec accents dans le mode éditer. En cliquant sur une lettre, elle sera écrit à l'endroit ou se trouve le curseur. Merci pour le soutien! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 02:08, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == caractères spéciaux == J'ai fait quelques essais avec un petit article sur la [[politiki|politique]] (retrouvé chez Dzokanga, auteur de Congo-Braza dans le temps communiste). Pour plus de détails sur les caractères spéciaux voir aussi [[user:moyogo]]. * affichage parfaite avec Safari 1.0.3 * affichage avec des ? avec Microsoft Explorer 5.2 ** affichage avec des erreurs avec Microsoft Explorer 6 (Windows) * affichage avec des ? avec Mozilla 1.5 * affichage avec des ? avec Firefox 1.0 ** affichage correct des caractères avec erreurs d'accents avec Firefox 1.0 (Linux) ** affichage presque parfait avec Firefox 1.0 (Windows), avec toutes les fonts installées --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage parfait avec Opera 7.54 (Linux, Windows) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage avec erreurs avec Konqueror 3.3.2 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Je suis pour les caractères spéciaux, mais à condition qu'il sont lisible. Quelle est votre expérience? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:29, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) Pour - ;) Il semble que mes erreurs sous Linux avec Firefox soient à cause d'un bug dans pango, à suivre. Pour le reste Opera affiche tout parfaitement. Konqueror a des problèmes pour presque tout les caractères spéciaux et accents spéciaux (sur mon installation Ubuntu). Il serait utile d'utilisé une font par défaut pour le wikipédia lingala. Je pense que <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium</span> (serif) ou <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode</span> (sans) sont de bonnes options et elles sont disponibles gratuitement. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Merci! J'ai verifié tes exemples sur [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et avec Microsoft Explorer 6.0.3 (Windows Server 2003), ce n'est que Lucida Sans Unicode qui affiche les caractères spéciaux correctement. Je vériferais à la maison avec Macintosh. Les accents sont toujours afiché correctement.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:24, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) A mon avis, les accents ne sont pas discutable. Pour les caractères spéciaux, il faut voir, parceque cela sert à quoi, si ce n'est que lisibles pour ceux qui ont un équipement spéciale? Est-ce que les futurs utilisateurs seront de majorité des exilés en Europe ou des Congolais dans un cyber où il devront prendre l'ordinateur tel qu'il est? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Si Lucida Sans Unicode est la font par défaut les accents et les deux caractères spéciaux vraiment problématiques (ɛ - e ouvert, et ɔ - o ouvert) devraient être affiché correctement, sauf exception. Ces deux caractères sont dans la partie IPA des tables de caractères, les pages IPA sur la majorité des wikipédia affichent en Lucida Sans Unicode par défaut. L'avantage de Lucida Sans Unicode est qu'il est déjà installé sur beaucoup de machine. On pourrait donc définir font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode","Arial Unicode MS","Code 2000",sans-serif; dans les page de style. Voila pour l'affichage. Maintenant pour l'utilisation, il faudrait voir ce que la Société Linguistique Congolaise utilise officiellement. L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] recommande l'usage de ses caractères spéciaux. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 13:26, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) J'ai jeté un coup d'oeil avec Windows, il n'y a presque pas de problème avec les fonts qui ont les caractères spéciaux. Seul Internet Explorer 6 affiche erronement en monospace et avec Default, Arial Unicode MS. Lucida Sans Unicode, Doulos SIL et Gentium fonctionne à merveille sous tous les browsers que j'ai essayer (Mozilla Firefox, Opera). Firefox indique juste les accents légerement déplacés avec la première font (monospace) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 17:32, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Qui voit la différence entre ε et ɛ ? Le premier est la lettre epsilon (grec), la seconde le e ouvert (é) phonétique (IPA). En utilisant la lettre greque, on aura pas les problèmes d'affigage? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:17, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC) Effectivement, le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; et en majuscule &#x0395; &#x26;#x0395;) s'affiche correctement presque universellement. Il s'affiche même presque parfaitement avec les accents &#x03b5; avec accent aigu, circumflex, caron et grave devient &#x03b5;&#x0301; &#x03b5;&#x0302; &#x03b5;&#x030C; &#x03b5;&#x0300;. &#x03b5;&#x0301; (&#x26;#x03b5;&#x26;#x0301;) traduit à l'affichage en un seul caractère &#x03AD; (&#x03AD) qui est epsilon avec tonos, malheureusement le tonos est souvent une barre verticale et non un accent aigu. De plus le petit e ouvert latin (&#x25B; &#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) est du type latin tandis que le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; greek small letter epsilon) est du type grecque ce qui peut parfois leurs donner deux styles bien différent dans certaines fonts. Les autres caractères lingala étant eux aussi du type latin (latin small letter a, latin small open e, etc...). L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC]([ftp://ftp.eki.ee/pub/truetype/uni.pdf (pdf)]) et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] indique clairement que le latin small letter e est le bon caractère et qu'il devient Ɛ (&#x26;#x0190; latin capital letter open e). Ce qui veut dire qu'un article [[ɛlɔ́kɔ]] aura comme titre Ɛlɔ́kɔ et non Εlɔ́kɔ si on utilisait le epsilon et donc [[&#x03b5;lɔ́kɔ]]. En bref, le standard unicode définit &#x25B; (&#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) et Ɛ (&#x0190; latin capital letter open e) comme la lettre africaine. Si seulement il pouvait rajouté nos e et o ouverts avec les accents dans la table unicode pour avoir un caractère chaque fois comme pour les e,a,o,u,i plutot que des combinaisons. En attendant, il suffit d'attendre que nos programmes les affiches mieux. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == clavier lingala == J'ai fait [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala quelques claviers] dont un pour Mac OS X avec la page [http://wordherd.com/keyboards/] est-ce qu'il marche correctement? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Bombo azali moyángeli == Félicitations! 5561 2005-07-23T23:35:47Z Themalau 22 == traduction des menus == Salut Bombo, Je ne parle pas lingala mais j'ai un intérêt pour la langue, des origines congolaises et un dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála. Ce serait avec plaisir que je participerais au ln.wikipedia. Quelques traductions pour les liens et pages spéciales: *edit **changer - **#kobalola (retourner) **#kobóngola (retourner, transformer) **transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) **modifier - kobalusa *histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) *montrer - *#kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) *#kotálisa (indiquer) *sauver - kokósoli (?) *suivre - kolanda *discussion - ntembe *préférences - ? *contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? *accueil/mainpage - lonkásá ya liboso --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo Merci pour ces traductions. Je suis en contact avec des concolais et avec les résponsables de Wikipédia pour l'accès respectiv pour changer les menus. Merci d'y participer! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:25, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC) == accents et autres == re-Salut, Je me demandais si ce ne serait pas mieux d'utiliser les accents et les caractères spéciaux propres au lingala. De cette façon, lingala serait lingála, mboté mbɔtɛ́, etc. Il y a des avantages et des inconvénients. Le lingala étant une langue peu disponible sur l'internet, la plupart des sources n'utilisent pas ces caractères spéciaux. La littérature sur papier l'utilise presque systématiquement. L'avantage d'utiliser ces caractères est qu'ils indiquent la prononciation (classique). Le désavantage majeur est qu'il n'y a pas de méthodes d'entrée lingala disponible, et donc peu de gens les utilise. Il faudrait donc just rajouter c'est caractère speciaux dans la liste de caractères disponible à l'édition d'article. Il faudrait aussi corriger les mots actuellement présent mais sans l'orthographe classique. Personnellement je suis en faveur d'un usage classique du lingala. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo - Je suis d'accord avec les accents. Pour les caractères spéciales, c'est le problème d'affichage. J'ai vu qu sur la wikipédia alsacienne, il y a un moyen facile pour ajouter des caractères spéciales et les accent. Dès que j'ai les possibilités (mode d'administrateur), j'aime bien d'ajouter cela à la Wikipédia lingala. Il s'agit d'une ligne de lettres avec tout les caractères spéciales et lettres avec accents dans le mode éditer. En cliquant sur une lettre, elle sera écrit à l'endroit ou se trouve le curseur. Merci pour le soutien! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 02:08, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == caractères spéciaux == J'ai fait quelques essais avec un petit article sur la [[politiki|politique]] (retrouvé chez Dzokanga, auteur de Congo-Braza dans le temps communiste). Pour plus de détails sur les caractères spéciaux voir aussi [[user:moyogo]]. * affichage parfaite avec Safari 1.0.3 * affichage avec des ? avec Microsoft Explorer 5.2 ** affichage avec des erreurs avec Microsoft Explorer 6 (Windows) * affichage avec des ? avec Mozilla 1.5 * affichage avec des ? avec Firefox 1.0 ** affichage correct des caractères avec erreurs d'accents avec Firefox 1.0 (Linux) ** affichage presque parfait avec Firefox 1.0 (Windows), avec toutes les fonts installées --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage parfait avec Opera 7.54 (Linux, Windows) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage avec erreurs avec Konqueror 3.3.2 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Je suis pour les caractères spéciaux, mais à condition qu'il sont lisible. Quelle est votre expérience? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:29, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) Pour - ;) Il semble que mes erreurs sous Linux avec Firefox soient à cause d'un bug dans pango, à suivre. Pour le reste Opera affiche tout parfaitement. Konqueror a des problèmes pour presque tout les caractères spéciaux et accents spéciaux (sur mon installation Ubuntu). Il serait utile d'utilisé une font par défaut pour le wikipédia lingala. Je pense que <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium</span> (serif) ou <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode</span> (sans) sont de bonnes options et elles sont disponibles gratuitement. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Merci! J'ai verifié tes exemples sur [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et avec Microsoft Explorer 6.0.3 (Windows Server 2003), ce n'est que Lucida Sans Unicode qui affiche les caractères spéciaux correctement. Je vériferais à la maison avec Macintosh. Les accents sont toujours afiché correctement.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:24, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) A mon avis, les accents ne sont pas discutable. Pour les caractères spéciaux, il faut voir, parceque cela sert à quoi, si ce n'est que lisibles pour ceux qui ont un équipement spéciale? Est-ce que les futurs utilisateurs seront de majorité des exilés en Europe ou des Congolais dans un cyber où il devront prendre l'ordinateur tel qu'il est? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Si Lucida Sans Unicode est la font par défaut les accents et les deux caractères spéciaux vraiment problématiques (ɛ - e ouvert, et ɔ - o ouvert) devraient être affiché correctement, sauf exception. Ces deux caractères sont dans la partie IPA des tables de caractères, les pages IPA sur la majorité des wikipédia affichent en Lucida Sans Unicode par défaut. L'avantage de Lucida Sans Unicode est qu'il est déjà installé sur beaucoup de machine. On pourrait donc définir font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode","Arial Unicode MS","Code 2000",sans-serif; dans les page de style. Voila pour l'affichage. Maintenant pour l'utilisation, il faudrait voir ce que la Société Linguistique Congolaise utilise officiellement. L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] recommande l'usage de ses caractères spéciaux. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 13:26, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) J'ai jeté un coup d'oeil avec Windows, il n'y a presque pas de problème avec les fonts qui ont les caractères spéciaux. Seul Internet Explorer 6 affiche erronement en monospace et avec Default, Arial Unicode MS. Lucida Sans Unicode, Doulos SIL et Gentium fonctionne à merveille sous tous les browsers que j'ai essayer (Mozilla Firefox, Opera). Firefox indique juste les accents légerement déplacés avec la première font (monospace) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 17:32, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Qui voit la différence entre ε et ɛ ? Le premier est la lettre epsilon (grec), la seconde le e ouvert (é) phonétique (IPA). En utilisant la lettre greque, on aura pas les problèmes d'affigage? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:17, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC) Effectivement, le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; et en majuscule &#x0395; &#x26;#x0395;) s'affiche correctement presque universellement. Il s'affiche même presque parfaitement avec les accents &#x03b5; avec accent aigu, circumflex, caron et grave devient &#x03b5;&#x0301; &#x03b5;&#x0302; &#x03b5;&#x030C; &#x03b5;&#x0300;. &#x03b5;&#x0301; (&#x26;#x03b5;&#x26;#x0301;) traduit à l'affichage en un seul caractère &#x03AD; (&#x03AD) qui est epsilon avec tonos, malheureusement le tonos est souvent une barre verticale et non un accent aigu. De plus le petit e ouvert latin (&#x25B; &#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) est du type latin tandis que le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; greek small letter epsilon) est du type grecque ce qui peut parfois leurs donner deux styles bien différent dans certaines fonts. Les autres caractères lingala étant eux aussi du type latin (latin small letter a, latin small open e, etc...). L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC]([ftp://ftp.eki.ee/pub/truetype/uni.pdf (pdf)]) et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] indique clairement que le latin small letter e est le bon caractère et qu'il devient Ɛ (&#x26;#x0190; latin capital letter open e). Ce qui veut dire qu'un article [[ɛlɔ́kɔ]] aura comme titre Ɛlɔ́kɔ et non Εlɔ́kɔ si on utilisait le epsilon et donc [[&#x03b5;lɔ́kɔ]]. En bref, le standard unicode définit &#x25B; (&#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) et Ɛ (&#x0190; latin capital letter open e) comme la lettre africaine. Si seulement il pouvait rajouté nos e et o ouverts avec les accents dans la table unicode pour avoir un caractère chaque fois comme pour les e,a,o,u,i plutot que des combinaisons. En attendant, il suffit d'attendre que nos programmes les affiches mieux. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == clavier lingala == J'ai fait [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala quelques claviers] dont un pour Mac OS X avec la page [http://wordherd.com/keyboards/] est-ce qu'il marche correctement? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Bombo azali moyángeli == Félicitations! == Questions == Merci Bombo, et merci pour votre travail ici. Je suis Congolais, mais j'ai vecu au dehors du pays pendant longtemps, et je prends ceci comme un challenge, pour ameliorer mes connaissances du lingala literaire - ou plutot correct, car la langue n'etant pas vraiment une langue ecrite a l'origine. Je suis desole que les traductions prennent si longtemps, mais j'y arriverai. Merci. Soit dit en passant, j'ai ajoute un certain nombre de Templates, en particulier celui de la "boite pays" (Infobox:country), mais je ne suis pas sur de comment traduire certain elements du contenu de la boite. Les autres boites que j'ai ajoutees sont "Ba Provinsi ya Kɛ́ngɛ-Kinshasa", "FichePresidentUS", et un certain nombre de petites adaptations necessaires pour l'accessibilite de wiki a partir d'autres langues. J'ai aussi modifié les noms de tous les pays listés dans "bisé ya mokili", selon les noms que mon pere a jugé corrects. J'ai un probleme car je ne sais pas dire Est, Ouest, Sud, et Nord en lingala (pour Afrique du Sud par exemple), et j'ai presumé que "Lisanga ya Amerika" convenait aux Etats-Unis, meme si cela signifie qu'il faudra un jour ajouter une page d'homonymie, pour la differencier de l'OEA. Soit dit en passant aussi, je ne sais pas s'il existe un moyen de dire Etat dans le sens d'etats federés (comme l'Indiana et la Californie aux USA, ou le Chihuahua et le Guadalajara au Mexique). Y'a-t-il aussi un moyen de dire "Federal", autre que "fedelali" que ma grand-mere utilise. Enfin je me demandais si Kɛ́ngɛ etait la prononciation correcte d nom du pays. Car ca a l'air d'etre plutot celle du peuple de l'Ouest du pays. Dans le parle courant, on dit plutot Kɛngɛ́. Mais je reconnais c'est un peu du a l'influence de l'intonation de la langue francaise. L'appelation correcte devrait elle donc se prononcer Kɛ́ngɛ? Je suis heureux de contribuer mes 2 centimes (expression USA) a ce projet. Natondi bino botondi! 5562 2005-07-23T23:36:59Z Themalau 22 /* Questions */ == traduction des menus == Salut Bombo, Je ne parle pas lingala mais j'ai un intérêt pour la langue, des origines congolaises et un dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála. Ce serait avec plaisir que je participerais au ln.wikipedia. Quelques traductions pour les liens et pages spéciales: *edit **changer - **#kobalola (retourner) **#kobóngola (retourner, transformer) **transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) **modifier - kobalusa *histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) *montrer - *#kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) *#kotálisa (indiquer) *sauver - kokósoli (?) *suivre - kolanda *discussion - ntembe *préférences - ? *contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? *accueil/mainpage - lonkásá ya liboso --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo Merci pour ces traductions. Je suis en contact avec des concolais et avec les résponsables de Wikipédia pour l'accès respectiv pour changer les menus. Merci d'y participer! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:25, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC) == accents et autres == re-Salut, Je me demandais si ce ne serait pas mieux d'utiliser les accents et les caractères spéciaux propres au lingala. De cette façon, lingala serait lingála, mboté mbɔtɛ́, etc. Il y a des avantages et des inconvénients. Le lingala étant une langue peu disponible sur l'internet, la plupart des sources n'utilisent pas ces caractères spéciaux. La littérature sur papier l'utilise presque systématiquement. L'avantage d'utiliser ces caractères est qu'ils indiquent la prononciation (classique). Le désavantage majeur est qu'il n'y a pas de méthodes d'entrée lingala disponible, et donc peu de gens les utilise. Il faudrait donc just rajouter c'est caractère speciaux dans la liste de caractères disponible à l'édition d'article. Il faudrait aussi corriger les mots actuellement présent mais sans l'orthographe classique. Personnellement je suis en faveur d'un usage classique du lingala. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo - Je suis d'accord avec les accents. Pour les caractères spéciales, c'est le problème d'affichage. J'ai vu qu sur la wikipédia alsacienne, il y a un moyen facile pour ajouter des caractères spéciales et les accent. Dès que j'ai les possibilités (mode d'administrateur), j'aime bien d'ajouter cela à la Wikipédia lingala. Il s'agit d'une ligne de lettres avec tout les caractères spéciales et lettres avec accents dans le mode éditer. En cliquant sur une lettre, elle sera écrit à l'endroit ou se trouve le curseur. Merci pour le soutien! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 02:08, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == caractères spéciaux == J'ai fait quelques essais avec un petit article sur la [[politiki|politique]] (retrouvé chez Dzokanga, auteur de Congo-Braza dans le temps communiste). Pour plus de détails sur les caractères spéciaux voir aussi [[user:moyogo]]. * affichage parfaite avec Safari 1.0.3 * affichage avec des ? avec Microsoft Explorer 5.2 ** affichage avec des erreurs avec Microsoft Explorer 6 (Windows) * affichage avec des ? avec Mozilla 1.5 * affichage avec des ? avec Firefox 1.0 ** affichage correct des caractères avec erreurs d'accents avec Firefox 1.0 (Linux) ** affichage presque parfait avec Firefox 1.0 (Windows), avec toutes les fonts installées --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage parfait avec Opera 7.54 (Linux, Windows) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage avec erreurs avec Konqueror 3.3.2 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Je suis pour les caractères spéciaux, mais à condition qu'il sont lisible. Quelle est votre expérience? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:29, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) Pour - ;) Il semble que mes erreurs sous Linux avec Firefox soient à cause d'un bug dans pango, à suivre. Pour le reste Opera affiche tout parfaitement. Konqueror a des problèmes pour presque tout les caractères spéciaux et accents spéciaux (sur mon installation Ubuntu). Il serait utile d'utilisé une font par défaut pour le wikipédia lingala. Je pense que <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium</span> (serif) ou <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode</span> (sans) sont de bonnes options et elles sont disponibles gratuitement. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Merci! J'ai verifié tes exemples sur [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et avec Microsoft Explorer 6.0.3 (Windows Server 2003), ce n'est que Lucida Sans Unicode qui affiche les caractères spéciaux correctement. Je vériferais à la maison avec Macintosh. Les accents sont toujours afiché correctement.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:24, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) A mon avis, les accents ne sont pas discutable. Pour les caractères spéciaux, il faut voir, parceque cela sert à quoi, si ce n'est que lisibles pour ceux qui ont un équipement spéciale? Est-ce que les futurs utilisateurs seront de majorité des exilés en Europe ou des Congolais dans un cyber où il devront prendre l'ordinateur tel qu'il est? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Si Lucida Sans Unicode est la font par défaut les accents et les deux caractères spéciaux vraiment problématiques (ɛ - e ouvert, et ɔ - o ouvert) devraient être affiché correctement, sauf exception. Ces deux caractères sont dans la partie IPA des tables de caractères, les pages IPA sur la majorité des wikipédia affichent en Lucida Sans Unicode par défaut. L'avantage de Lucida Sans Unicode est qu'il est déjà installé sur beaucoup de machine. On pourrait donc définir font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode","Arial Unicode MS","Code 2000",sans-serif; dans les page de style. Voila pour l'affichage. Maintenant pour l'utilisation, il faudrait voir ce que la Société Linguistique Congolaise utilise officiellement. L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] recommande l'usage de ses caractères spéciaux. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 13:26, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) J'ai jeté un coup d'oeil avec Windows, il n'y a presque pas de problème avec les fonts qui ont les caractères spéciaux. Seul Internet Explorer 6 affiche erronement en monospace et avec Default, Arial Unicode MS. Lucida Sans Unicode, Doulos SIL et Gentium fonctionne à merveille sous tous les browsers que j'ai essayer (Mozilla Firefox, Opera). Firefox indique juste les accents légerement déplacés avec la première font (monospace) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 17:32, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Qui voit la différence entre ε et ɛ ? Le premier est la lettre epsilon (grec), la seconde le e ouvert (é) phonétique (IPA). En utilisant la lettre greque, on aura pas les problèmes d'affigage? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:17, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC) Effectivement, le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; et en majuscule &#x0395; &#x26;#x0395;) s'affiche correctement presque universellement. Il s'affiche même presque parfaitement avec les accents &#x03b5; avec accent aigu, circumflex, caron et grave devient &#x03b5;&#x0301; &#x03b5;&#x0302; &#x03b5;&#x030C; &#x03b5;&#x0300;. &#x03b5;&#x0301; (&#x26;#x03b5;&#x26;#x0301;) traduit à l'affichage en un seul caractère &#x03AD; (&#x03AD) qui est epsilon avec tonos, malheureusement le tonos est souvent une barre verticale et non un accent aigu. De plus le petit e ouvert latin (&#x25B; &#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) est du type latin tandis que le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; greek small letter epsilon) est du type grecque ce qui peut parfois leurs donner deux styles bien différent dans certaines fonts. Les autres caractères lingala étant eux aussi du type latin (latin small letter a, latin small open e, etc...). L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC]([ftp://ftp.eki.ee/pub/truetype/uni.pdf (pdf)]) et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] indique clairement que le latin small letter e est le bon caractère et qu'il devient Ɛ (&#x26;#x0190; latin capital letter open e). Ce qui veut dire qu'un article [[ɛlɔ́kɔ]] aura comme titre Ɛlɔ́kɔ et non Εlɔ́kɔ si on utilisait le epsilon et donc [[&#x03b5;lɔ́kɔ]]. En bref, le standard unicode définit &#x25B; (&#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) et Ɛ (&#x0190; latin capital letter open e) comme la lettre africaine. Si seulement il pouvait rajouté nos e et o ouverts avec les accents dans la table unicode pour avoir un caractère chaque fois comme pour les e,a,o,u,i plutot que des combinaisons. En attendant, il suffit d'attendre que nos programmes les affiches mieux. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == clavier lingala == J'ai fait [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala quelques claviers] dont un pour Mac OS X avec la page [http://wordherd.com/keyboards/] est-ce qu'il marche correctement? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Bombo azali moyángeli == Félicitations! == Questions == Merci Bombo, et merci pour votre travail ici. Je suis Congolais, mais j'ai vecu au dehors du pays pendant longtemps, et je prends ceci comme un challenge, pour ameliorer mes connaissances du lingala literaire - ou plutot correct, car la langue n'etant pas vraiment une langue ecrite a l'origine. Je suis desole que les traductions prennent si longtemps, mais j'y arriverai. Merci. Soit dit en passant, j'ai ajoute un certain nombre de Templates, en particulier celui de la "boite pays" (Infobox:country), mais je ne suis pas sur de comment traduire certain elements du contenu de la boite. Les autres boites que j'ai ajoutees sont "Ba Provinsi ya Kɛ́ngɛ-Kinshasa", "FichePresidentUS", et un certain nombre de petites adaptations necessaires pour l'accessibilite de wiki a partir d'autres langues. J'ai aussi modifié les noms de tous les pays listés dans "bisé ya mokili", selon les noms que mon pere a jugé corrects. J'ai un probleme car je ne sais pas dire Est, Ouest, Sud, et Nord en lingala (pour Afrique du Sud par exemple), et j'ai presumé que "Lisanga ya Amerika" convenait aux Etats-Unis, meme si cela signifie qu'il faudra un jour ajouter une page d'homonymie, pour la differencier de l'OEA. Soit dit en passant aussi, je ne sais pas s'il existe un moyen de dire Etat dans le sens d'etats federés (comme l'Indiana et la Californie aux USA, ou le Chihuahua et le Guadalajara au Mexique). Y'a-t-il aussi un moyen de dire "Federal", autre que "fedelali" que ma grand-mere utilise. Enfin je me demandais si Kɛ́ngɛ etait la prononciation correcte d nom du pays. Car ca a l'air d'etre plutot celle du peuple de l'Ouest du pays. Dans le parle courant, on dit plutot Kɛngɛ́. Mais je reconnais c'est un peu du a l'influence de l'intonation de la langue francaise. L'appelation correcte devrait elle donc se prononcer Kɛ́ngɛ? Je suis heureux de contribuer mes 2 centimes (expression USA) a ce projet. Natondi bino botondi! ---[[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 5841 2005-07-30T17:22:13Z Themalau 22 /* Questions */ == traduction des menus == Salut Bombo, Je ne parle pas lingala mais j'ai un intérêt pour la langue, des origines congolaises et un dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála. Ce serait avec plaisir que je participerais au ln.wikipedia. Quelques traductions pour les liens et pages spéciales: *edit **changer - **#kobalola (retourner) **#kobóngola (retourner, transformer) **transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) **modifier - kobalusa *histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) *montrer - *#kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) *#kotálisa (indiquer) *sauver - kokósoli (?) *suivre - kolanda *discussion - ntembe *préférences - ? *contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? *accueil/mainpage - lonkásá ya liboso --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo Merci pour ces traductions. Je suis en contact avec des concolais et avec les résponsables de Wikipédia pour l'accès respectiv pour changer les menus. Merci d'y participer! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:25, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC) == accents et autres == re-Salut, Je me demandais si ce ne serait pas mieux d'utiliser les accents et les caractères spéciaux propres au lingala. De cette façon, lingala serait lingála, mboté mbɔtɛ́, etc. Il y a des avantages et des inconvénients. Le lingala étant une langue peu disponible sur l'internet, la plupart des sources n'utilisent pas ces caractères spéciaux. La littérature sur papier l'utilise presque systématiquement. L'avantage d'utiliser ces caractères est qu'ils indiquent la prononciation (classique). Le désavantage majeur est qu'il n'y a pas de méthodes d'entrée lingala disponible, et donc peu de gens les utilise. Il faudrait donc just rajouter c'est caractère speciaux dans la liste de caractères disponible à l'édition d'article. Il faudrait aussi corriger les mots actuellement présent mais sans l'orthographe classique. Personnellement je suis en faveur d'un usage classique du lingala. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo - Je suis d'accord avec les accents. Pour les caractères spéciales, c'est le problème d'affichage. J'ai vu qu sur la wikipédia alsacienne, il y a un moyen facile pour ajouter des caractères spéciales et les accent. Dès que j'ai les possibilités (mode d'administrateur), j'aime bien d'ajouter cela à la Wikipédia lingala. Il s'agit d'une ligne de lettres avec tout les caractères spéciales et lettres avec accents dans le mode éditer. En cliquant sur une lettre, elle sera écrit à l'endroit ou se trouve le curseur. Merci pour le soutien! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 02:08, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == caractères spéciaux == J'ai fait quelques essais avec un petit article sur la [[politiki|politique]] (retrouvé chez Dzokanga, auteur de Congo-Braza dans le temps communiste). Pour plus de détails sur les caractères spéciaux voir aussi [[user:moyogo]]. * affichage parfaite avec Safari 1.0.3 * affichage avec des ? avec Microsoft Explorer 5.2 ** affichage avec des erreurs avec Microsoft Explorer 6 (Windows) * affichage avec des ? avec Mozilla 1.5 * affichage avec des ? avec Firefox 1.0 ** affichage correct des caractères avec erreurs d'accents avec Firefox 1.0 (Linux) ** affichage presque parfait avec Firefox 1.0 (Windows), avec toutes les fonts installées --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage parfait avec Opera 7.54 (Linux, Windows) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage avec erreurs avec Konqueror 3.3.2 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Je suis pour les caractères spéciaux, mais à condition qu'il sont lisible. Quelle est votre expérience? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:29, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) Pour - ;) Il semble que mes erreurs sous Linux avec Firefox soient à cause d'un bug dans pango, à suivre. Pour le reste Opera affiche tout parfaitement. Konqueror a des problèmes pour presque tout les caractères spéciaux et accents spéciaux (sur mon installation Ubuntu). Il serait utile d'utilisé une font par défaut pour le wikipédia lingala. Je pense que <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium</span> (serif) ou <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode</span> (sans) sont de bonnes options et elles sont disponibles gratuitement. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Merci! J'ai verifié tes exemples sur [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et avec Microsoft Explorer 6.0.3 (Windows Server 2003), ce n'est que Lucida Sans Unicode qui affiche les caractères spéciaux correctement. Je vériferais à la maison avec Macintosh. Les accents sont toujours afiché correctement.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:24, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) A mon avis, les accents ne sont pas discutable. Pour les caractères spéciaux, il faut voir, parceque cela sert à quoi, si ce n'est que lisibles pour ceux qui ont un équipement spéciale? Est-ce que les futurs utilisateurs seront de majorité des exilés en Europe ou des Congolais dans un cyber où il devront prendre l'ordinateur tel qu'il est? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Si Lucida Sans Unicode est la font par défaut les accents et les deux caractères spéciaux vraiment problématiques (ɛ - e ouvert, et ɔ - o ouvert) devraient être affiché correctement, sauf exception. Ces deux caractères sont dans la partie IPA des tables de caractères, les pages IPA sur la majorité des wikipédia affichent en Lucida Sans Unicode par défaut. L'avantage de Lucida Sans Unicode est qu'il est déjà installé sur beaucoup de machine. On pourrait donc définir font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode","Arial Unicode MS","Code 2000",sans-serif; dans les page de style. Voila pour l'affichage. Maintenant pour l'utilisation, il faudrait voir ce que la Société Linguistique Congolaise utilise officiellement. L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] recommande l'usage de ses caractères spéciaux. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 13:26, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) J'ai jeté un coup d'oeil avec Windows, il n'y a presque pas de problème avec les fonts qui ont les caractères spéciaux. Seul Internet Explorer 6 affiche erronement en monospace et avec Default, Arial Unicode MS. Lucida Sans Unicode, Doulos SIL et Gentium fonctionne à merveille sous tous les browsers que j'ai essayer (Mozilla Firefox, Opera). Firefox indique juste les accents légerement déplacés avec la première font (monospace) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 17:32, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Qui voit la différence entre ε et ɛ ? Le premier est la lettre epsilon (grec), la seconde le e ouvert (é) phonétique (IPA). En utilisant la lettre greque, on aura pas les problèmes d'affigage? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:17, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC) Effectivement, le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; et en majuscule &#x0395; &#x26;#x0395;) s'affiche correctement presque universellement. Il s'affiche même presque parfaitement avec les accents &#x03b5; avec accent aigu, circumflex, caron et grave devient &#x03b5;&#x0301; &#x03b5;&#x0302; &#x03b5;&#x030C; &#x03b5;&#x0300;. &#x03b5;&#x0301; (&#x26;#x03b5;&#x26;#x0301;) traduit à l'affichage en un seul caractère &#x03AD; (&#x03AD) qui est epsilon avec tonos, malheureusement le tonos est souvent une barre verticale et non un accent aigu. De plus le petit e ouvert latin (&#x25B; &#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) est du type latin tandis que le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; greek small letter epsilon) est du type grecque ce qui peut parfois leurs donner deux styles bien différent dans certaines fonts. Les autres caractères lingala étant eux aussi du type latin (latin small letter a, latin small open e, etc...). L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC]([ftp://ftp.eki.ee/pub/truetype/uni.pdf (pdf)]) et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] indique clairement que le latin small letter e est le bon caractère et qu'il devient Ɛ (&#x26;#x0190; latin capital letter open e). Ce qui veut dire qu'un article [[ɛlɔ́kɔ]] aura comme titre Ɛlɔ́kɔ et non Εlɔ́kɔ si on utilisait le epsilon et donc [[&#x03b5;lɔ́kɔ]]. En bref, le standard unicode définit &#x25B; (&#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) et Ɛ (&#x0190; latin capital letter open e) comme la lettre africaine. Si seulement il pouvait rajouté nos e et o ouverts avec les accents dans la table unicode pour avoir un caractère chaque fois comme pour les e,a,o,u,i plutot que des combinaisons. En attendant, il suffit d'attendre que nos programmes les affiches mieux. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == clavier lingala == J'ai fait [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala quelques claviers] dont un pour Mac OS X avec la page [http://wordherd.com/keyboards/] est-ce qu'il marche correctement? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Bombo azali moyángeli == Félicitations! == Questions == Merci Bombo, et merci pour votre travail ici. Je suis Congolais, mais j'ai vecu au dehors du pays pendant longtemps, et je prends ceci comme un challenge, pour ameliorer mes connaissances du lingala literaire - ou plutot correct, car la langue n'etant pas vraiment une langue ecrite a l'origine. Je suis desole que les traductions prennent si longtemps, mais j'y arriverai. Merci. Soit dit en passant, j'ai ajoute un certain nombre de Templates, en particulier celui de la "boite pays" (Infobox:country), mais je ne suis pas sur de comment traduire certain elements du contenu de la boite. Les autres boites que j'ai ajoutees sont "Ba Provinsi ya Kɛ́ngɛ-Kinshasa", "FichePresidentUS", et un certain nombre de petites adaptations necessaires pour l'accessibilite de wiki a partir d'autres langues. J'ai aussi modifié les noms de tous les pays listés dans "bisé ya mokili", selon les noms que mon pere a jugé corrects. J'ai un probleme car je ne sais pas dire Est, Ouest, Sud, et Nord en lingala (pour Afrique du Sud par exemple), et j'ai presumé que "Lisanga ya Amerika" convenait aux Etats-Unis, meme si cela signifie qu'il faudra un jour ajouter une page d'homonymie, pour la differencier de l'OEA. Soit dit en passant aussi, je ne sais pas s'il existe un moyen de dire Etat dans le sens d'etats federés (comme l'Indiana et la Californie aux USA, ou le Chihuahua et le Guadalajara au Mexique). Y'a-t-il aussi un moyen de dire "Federal", autre que "fedelali" que ma grand-mere utilise. Enfin je me demandais si Kɔ́ngɔ etait la prononciation correcte d nom du pays. Car ca a l'air d'etre plutot celle du peuple de l'Ouest du pays. Dans le parle courant, on dit plutot Kɔngɔ́. Mais je reconnais c'est un peu du a l'influence de l'intonation de la langue francaise. L'appelation correcte devrait elle donc se prononcer Kɔ́ngɔ? Je suis heureux de contribuer mes 2 centimes (expression USA) a ce projet. Natondi bino botondi! ---[[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 5842 2005-07-30T17:23:00Z Themalau 22 /* Questions */ == traduction des menus == Salut Bombo, Je ne parle pas lingala mais j'ai un intérêt pour la langue, des origines congolaises et un dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála. Ce serait avec plaisir que je participerais au ln.wikipedia. Quelques traductions pour les liens et pages spéciales: *edit **changer - **#kobalola (retourner) **#kobóngola (retourner, transformer) **transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) **modifier - kobalusa *histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) *montrer - *#kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) *#kotálisa (indiquer) *sauver - kokósoli (?) *suivre - kolanda *discussion - ntembe *préférences - ? *contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? *accueil/mainpage - lonkásá ya liboso --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo Merci pour ces traductions. Je suis en contact avec des concolais et avec les résponsables de Wikipédia pour l'accès respectiv pour changer les menus. Merci d'y participer! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:25, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC) == accents et autres == re-Salut, Je me demandais si ce ne serait pas mieux d'utiliser les accents et les caractères spéciaux propres au lingala. De cette façon, lingala serait lingála, mboté mbɔtɛ́, etc. Il y a des avantages et des inconvénients. Le lingala étant une langue peu disponible sur l'internet, la plupart des sources n'utilisent pas ces caractères spéciaux. La littérature sur papier l'utilise presque systématiquement. L'avantage d'utiliser ces caractères est qu'ils indiquent la prononciation (classique). Le désavantage majeur est qu'il n'y a pas de méthodes d'entrée lingala disponible, et donc peu de gens les utilise. Il faudrait donc just rajouter c'est caractère speciaux dans la liste de caractères disponible à l'édition d'article. Il faudrait aussi corriger les mots actuellement présent mais sans l'orthographe classique. Personnellement je suis en faveur d'un usage classique du lingala. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo - Je suis d'accord avec les accents. Pour les caractères spéciales, c'est le problème d'affichage. J'ai vu qu sur la wikipédia alsacienne, il y a un moyen facile pour ajouter des caractères spéciales et les accent. Dès que j'ai les possibilités (mode d'administrateur), j'aime bien d'ajouter cela à la Wikipédia lingala. Il s'agit d'une ligne de lettres avec tout les caractères spéciales et lettres avec accents dans le mode éditer. En cliquant sur une lettre, elle sera écrit à l'endroit ou se trouve le curseur. Merci pour le soutien! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 02:08, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == caractères spéciaux == J'ai fait quelques essais avec un petit article sur la [[politiki|politique]] (retrouvé chez Dzokanga, auteur de Congo-Braza dans le temps communiste). Pour plus de détails sur les caractères spéciaux voir aussi [[user:moyogo]]. * affichage parfaite avec Safari 1.0.3 * affichage avec des ? avec Microsoft Explorer 5.2 ** affichage avec des erreurs avec Microsoft Explorer 6 (Windows) * affichage avec des ? avec Mozilla 1.5 * affichage avec des ? avec Firefox 1.0 ** affichage correct des caractères avec erreurs d'accents avec Firefox 1.0 (Linux) ** affichage presque parfait avec Firefox 1.0 (Windows), avec toutes les fonts installées --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage parfait avec Opera 7.54 (Linux, Windows) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage avec erreurs avec Konqueror 3.3.2 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Je suis pour les caractères spéciaux, mais à condition qu'il sont lisible. Quelle est votre expérience? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:29, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) Pour - ;) Il semble que mes erreurs sous Linux avec Firefox soient à cause d'un bug dans pango, à suivre. Pour le reste Opera affiche tout parfaitement. Konqueror a des problèmes pour presque tout les caractères spéciaux et accents spéciaux (sur mon installation Ubuntu). Il serait utile d'utilisé une font par défaut pour le wikipédia lingala. Je pense que <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium</span> (serif) ou <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode</span> (sans) sont de bonnes options et elles sont disponibles gratuitement. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Merci! J'ai verifié tes exemples sur [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et avec Microsoft Explorer 6.0.3 (Windows Server 2003), ce n'est que Lucida Sans Unicode qui affiche les caractères spéciaux correctement. Je vériferais à la maison avec Macintosh. Les accents sont toujours afiché correctement.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:24, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) A mon avis, les accents ne sont pas discutable. Pour les caractères spéciaux, il faut voir, parceque cela sert à quoi, si ce n'est que lisibles pour ceux qui ont un équipement spéciale? Est-ce que les futurs utilisateurs seront de majorité des exilés en Europe ou des Congolais dans un cyber où il devront prendre l'ordinateur tel qu'il est? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Si Lucida Sans Unicode est la font par défaut les accents et les deux caractères spéciaux vraiment problématiques (ɛ - e ouvert, et ɔ - o ouvert) devraient être affiché correctement, sauf exception. Ces deux caractères sont dans la partie IPA des tables de caractères, les pages IPA sur la majorité des wikipédia affichent en Lucida Sans Unicode par défaut. L'avantage de Lucida Sans Unicode est qu'il est déjà installé sur beaucoup de machine. On pourrait donc définir font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode","Arial Unicode MS","Code 2000",sans-serif; dans les page de style. Voila pour l'affichage. Maintenant pour l'utilisation, il faudrait voir ce que la Société Linguistique Congolaise utilise officiellement. L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] recommande l'usage de ses caractères spéciaux. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 13:26, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) J'ai jeté un coup d'oeil avec Windows, il n'y a presque pas de problème avec les fonts qui ont les caractères spéciaux. Seul Internet Explorer 6 affiche erronement en monospace et avec Default, Arial Unicode MS. Lucida Sans Unicode, Doulos SIL et Gentium fonctionne à merveille sous tous les browsers que j'ai essayer (Mozilla Firefox, Opera). Firefox indique juste les accents légerement déplacés avec la première font (monospace) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 17:32, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Qui voit la différence entre ε et ɛ ? Le premier est la lettre epsilon (grec), la seconde le e ouvert (é) phonétique (IPA). En utilisant la lettre greque, on aura pas les problèmes d'affigage? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:17, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC) Effectivement, le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; et en majuscule &#x0395; &#x26;#x0395;) s'affiche correctement presque universellement. Il s'affiche même presque parfaitement avec les accents &#x03b5; avec accent aigu, circumflex, caron et grave devient &#x03b5;&#x0301; &#x03b5;&#x0302; &#x03b5;&#x030C; &#x03b5;&#x0300;. &#x03b5;&#x0301; (&#x26;#x03b5;&#x26;#x0301;) traduit à l'affichage en un seul caractère &#x03AD; (&#x03AD) qui est epsilon avec tonos, malheureusement le tonos est souvent une barre verticale et non un accent aigu. De plus le petit e ouvert latin (&#x25B; &#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) est du type latin tandis que le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; greek small letter epsilon) est du type grecque ce qui peut parfois leurs donner deux styles bien différent dans certaines fonts. Les autres caractères lingala étant eux aussi du type latin (latin small letter a, latin small open e, etc...). L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC]([ftp://ftp.eki.ee/pub/truetype/uni.pdf (pdf)]) et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] indique clairement que le latin small letter e est le bon caractère et qu'il devient Ɛ (&#x26;#x0190; latin capital letter open e). Ce qui veut dire qu'un article [[ɛlɔ́kɔ]] aura comme titre Ɛlɔ́kɔ et non Εlɔ́kɔ si on utilisait le epsilon et donc [[&#x03b5;lɔ́kɔ]]. En bref, le standard unicode définit &#x25B; (&#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) et Ɛ (&#x0190; latin capital letter open e) comme la lettre africaine. Si seulement il pouvait rajouté nos e et o ouverts avec les accents dans la table unicode pour avoir un caractère chaque fois comme pour les e,a,o,u,i plutot que des combinaisons. En attendant, il suffit d'attendre que nos programmes les affiches mieux. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == clavier lingala == J'ai fait [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala quelques claviers] dont un pour Mac OS X avec la page [http://wordherd.com/keyboards/] est-ce qu'il marche correctement? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Bombo azali moyángeli == Félicitations! == Questions == Merci Bombo, et merci pour votre travail ici. Je suis Congolais, mais j'ai vecu au dehors du pays pendant longtemps, et je prends ceci comme un challenge, pour ameliorer mes connaissances du lingala literaire - ou plutot correct, car la langue n'etant pas vraiment une langue ecrite a l'origine. Je suis desole que les traductions prennent si longtemps, mais j'y arriverai. Merci. Soit dit en passant, j'ai ajoute un certain nombre de Templates, en particulier celui de la "boite pays" (Infobox:country), mais je ne suis pas sur de comment traduire certain elements du contenu de la boite. Les autres boites que j'ai ajoutees sont "Ba Provinsi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa", "FichePresidentUS", et un certain nombre de petites adaptations necessaires pour l'accessibilite de wiki a partir d'autres langues. J'ai aussi modifié les noms de tous les pays listés dans "bisé ya mokili", selon les noms que mon pere a jugé corrects. J'ai un probleme car je ne sais pas dire Est, Ouest, Sud, et Nord en lingala (pour Afrique du Sud par exemple), et j'ai presumé que "Lisanga ya Amerika" convenait aux Etats-Unis, meme si cela signifie qu'il faudra un jour ajouter une page d'homonymie, pour la differencier de l'OEA. Soit dit en passant aussi, je ne sais pas s'il existe un moyen de dire Etat dans le sens d'etats federés (comme l'Indiana et la Californie aux USA, ou le Chihuahua et le Guadalajara au Mexique). Y'a-t-il aussi un moyen de dire "Federal", autre que "fedelali" que ma grand-mere utilise. Enfin je me demandais si Kɔ́ngɔ etait la prononciation correcte d nom du pays. Car ca a l'air d'etre plutot celle du peuple de l'Ouest du pays. Dans le parle courant, on dit plutot Kɔngɔ́. Mais je reconnais c'est un peu du a l'influence de l'intonation de la langue francaise. L'appelation correcte devrait elle donc se prononcer Kɔ́ngɔ? Je suis heureux de contribuer mes 2 centimes (expression USA) a ce projet. Natondi bino botondi! ---[[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 5983 2005-08-04T14:13:40Z 85.201.98.204 /* traduction des menus */ == traduction des menus == Salut Bombo, Je ne parle pas lingala mais j'ai un intérêt pour la langue, des origines congolaises et un dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála. Ce serait avec plaisir que je participerais au ln.wikipedia. Quelques traductions pour les liens et pages spéciales: *edit **changer - **#kobalola (retourner) **#kobóngola (retourner, transformer) **transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) **modifier - kobalusa *histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) *montrer - *#kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) *#kotálisa (indiquer) *sauver - kokósoli (?) *suivre - kolanda *discussion - Lisano *préférences - ? *contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? *accueil/mainpage - lonkásá ya liboso --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo Merci pour ces traductions. Je suis en contact avec des congolais et avec les résponsables de Wikipédia pour l'accès respectiv pour changer les menus. Merci d'y participer! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:25, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC) == accents et autres == re-Salut, Je me demandais si ce ne serait pas mieux d'utiliser les accents et les caractères spéciaux propres au lingala. De cette façon, lingala serait lingála, mboté mbɔtɛ́, etc. Il y a des avantages et des inconvénients. Le lingala étant une langue peu disponible sur l'internet, la plupart des sources n'utilisent pas ces caractères spéciaux. La littérature sur papier l'utilise presque systématiquement. L'avantage d'utiliser ces caractères est qu'ils indiquent la prononciation (classique). Le désavantage majeur est qu'il n'y a pas de méthodes d'entrée lingala disponible, et donc peu de gens les utilise. Il faudrait donc just rajouter c'est caractère speciaux dans la liste de caractères disponible à l'édition d'article. Il faudrait aussi corriger les mots actuellement présent mais sans l'orthographe classique. Personnellement je suis en faveur d'un usage classique du lingala. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo - Je suis d'accord avec les accents. Pour les caractères spéciales, c'est le problème d'affichage. J'ai vu qu sur la wikipédia alsacienne, il y a un moyen facile pour ajouter des caractères spéciales et les accent. Dès que j'ai les possibilités (mode d'administrateur), j'aime bien d'ajouter cela à la Wikipédia lingala. Il s'agit d'une ligne de lettres avec tout les caractères spéciales et lettres avec accents dans le mode éditer. En cliquant sur une lettre, elle sera écrit à l'endroit ou se trouve le curseur. Merci pour le soutien! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 02:08, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == caractères spéciaux == J'ai fait quelques essais avec un petit article sur la [[politiki|politique]] (retrouvé chez Dzokanga, auteur de Congo-Braza dans le temps communiste). Pour plus de détails sur les caractères spéciaux voir aussi [[user:moyogo]]. * affichage parfaite avec Safari 1.0.3 * affichage avec des ? avec Microsoft Explorer 5.2 ** affichage avec des erreurs avec Microsoft Explorer 6 (Windows) * affichage avec des ? avec Mozilla 1.5 * affichage avec des ? avec Firefox 1.0 ** affichage correct des caractères avec erreurs d'accents avec Firefox 1.0 (Linux) ** affichage presque parfait avec Firefox 1.0 (Windows), avec toutes les fonts installées --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage parfait avec Opera 7.54 (Linux, Windows) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage avec erreurs avec Konqueror 3.3.2 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Je suis pour les caractères spéciaux, mais à condition qu'il sont lisible. Quelle est votre expérience? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:29, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) Pour - ;) Il semble que mes erreurs sous Linux avec Firefox soient à cause d'un bug dans pango, à suivre. Pour le reste Opera affiche tout parfaitement. Konqueror a des problèmes pour presque tout les caractères spéciaux et accents spéciaux (sur mon installation Ubuntu). Il serait utile d'utilisé une font par défaut pour le wikipédia lingala. Je pense que <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium</span> (serif) ou <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode</span> (sans) sont de bonnes options et elles sont disponibles gratuitement. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Merci! J'ai verifié tes exemples sur [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et avec Microsoft Explorer 6.0.3 (Windows Server 2003), ce n'est que Lucida Sans Unicode qui affiche les caractères spéciaux correctement. Je vériferais à la maison avec Macintosh. Les accents sont toujours afiché correctement.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:24, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) A mon avis, les accents ne sont pas discutable. Pour les caractères spéciaux, il faut voir, parceque cela sert à quoi, si ce n'est que lisibles pour ceux qui ont un équipement spéciale? Est-ce que les futurs utilisateurs seront de majorité des exilés en Europe ou des Congolais dans un cyber où il devront prendre l'ordinateur tel qu'il est? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Si Lucida Sans Unicode est la font par défaut les accents et les deux caractères spéciaux vraiment problématiques (ɛ - e ouvert, et ɔ - o ouvert) devraient être affiché correctement, sauf exception. Ces deux caractères sont dans la partie IPA des tables de caractères, les pages IPA sur la majorité des wikipédia affichent en Lucida Sans Unicode par défaut. L'avantage de Lucida Sans Unicode est qu'il est déjà installé sur beaucoup de machine. On pourrait donc définir font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode","Arial Unicode MS","Code 2000",sans-serif; dans les page de style. Voila pour l'affichage. Maintenant pour l'utilisation, il faudrait voir ce que la Société Linguistique Congolaise utilise officiellement. L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] recommande l'usage de ses caractères spéciaux. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 13:26, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) J'ai jeté un coup d'oeil avec Windows, il n'y a presque pas de problème avec les fonts qui ont les caractères spéciaux. Seul Internet Explorer 6 affiche erronement en monospace et avec Default, Arial Unicode MS. Lucida Sans Unicode, Doulos SIL et Gentium fonctionne à merveille sous tous les browsers que j'ai essayer (Mozilla Firefox, Opera). Firefox indique juste les accents légerement déplacés avec la première font (monospace) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 17:32, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Qui voit la différence entre ε et ɛ ? Le premier est la lettre epsilon (grec), la seconde le e ouvert (é) phonétique (IPA). En utilisant la lettre greque, on aura pas les problèmes d'affigage? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:17, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC) Effectivement, le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; et en majuscule &#x0395; &#x26;#x0395;) s'affiche correctement presque universellement. Il s'affiche même presque parfaitement avec les accents &#x03b5; avec accent aigu, circumflex, caron et grave devient &#x03b5;&#x0301; &#x03b5;&#x0302; &#x03b5;&#x030C; &#x03b5;&#x0300;. &#x03b5;&#x0301; (&#x26;#x03b5;&#x26;#x0301;) traduit à l'affichage en un seul caractère &#x03AD; (&#x03AD) qui est epsilon avec tonos, malheureusement le tonos est souvent une barre verticale et non un accent aigu. De plus le petit e ouvert latin (&#x25B; &#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) est du type latin tandis que le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; greek small letter epsilon) est du type grecque ce qui peut parfois leurs donner deux styles bien différent dans certaines fonts. Les autres caractères lingala étant eux aussi du type latin (latin small letter a, latin small open e, etc...). L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC]([ftp://ftp.eki.ee/pub/truetype/uni.pdf (pdf)]) et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] indique clairement que le latin small letter e est le bon caractère et qu'il devient Ɛ (&#x26;#x0190; latin capital letter open e). Ce qui veut dire qu'un article [[ɛlɔ́kɔ]] aura comme titre Ɛlɔ́kɔ et non Εlɔ́kɔ si on utilisait le epsilon et donc [[&#x03b5;lɔ́kɔ]]. En bref, le standard unicode définit &#x25B; (&#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) et Ɛ (&#x0190; latin capital letter open e) comme la lettre africaine. Si seulement il pouvait rajouté nos e et o ouverts avec les accents dans la table unicode pour avoir un caractère chaque fois comme pour les e,a,o,u,i plutot que des combinaisons. En attendant, il suffit d'attendre que nos programmes les affiches mieux. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == clavier lingala == J'ai fait [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala quelques claviers] dont un pour Mac OS X avec la page [http://wordherd.com/keyboards/] est-ce qu'il marche correctement? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Bombo azali moyángeli == Félicitations! == Questions == Merci Bombo, et merci pour votre travail ici. Je suis Congolais, mais j'ai vecu au dehors du pays pendant longtemps, et je prends ceci comme un challenge, pour ameliorer mes connaissances du lingala literaire - ou plutot correct, car la langue n'etant pas vraiment une langue ecrite a l'origine. Je suis desole que les traductions prennent si longtemps, mais j'y arriverai. Merci. Soit dit en passant, j'ai ajoute un certain nombre de Templates, en particulier celui de la "boite pays" (Infobox:country), mais je ne suis pas sur de comment traduire certain elements du contenu de la boite. Les autres boites que j'ai ajoutees sont "Ba Provinsi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa", "FichePresidentUS", et un certain nombre de petites adaptations necessaires pour l'accessibilite de wiki a partir d'autres langues. J'ai aussi modifié les noms de tous les pays listés dans "bisé ya mokili", selon les noms que mon pere a jugé corrects. J'ai un probleme car je ne sais pas dire Est, Ouest, Sud, et Nord en lingala (pour Afrique du Sud par exemple), et j'ai presumé que "Lisanga ya Amerika" convenait aux Etats-Unis, meme si cela signifie qu'il faudra un jour ajouter une page d'homonymie, pour la differencier de l'OEA. Soit dit en passant aussi, je ne sais pas s'il existe un moyen de dire Etat dans le sens d'etats federés (comme l'Indiana et la Californie aux USA, ou le Chihuahua et le Guadalajara au Mexique). Y'a-t-il aussi un moyen de dire "Federal", autre que "fedelali" que ma grand-mere utilise. Enfin je me demandais si Kɔ́ngɔ etait la prononciation correcte d nom du pays. Car ca a l'air d'etre plutot celle du peuple de l'Ouest du pays. Dans le parle courant, on dit plutot Kɔngɔ́. Mais je reconnais c'est un peu du a l'influence de l'intonation de la langue francaise. L'appelation correcte devrait elle donc se prononcer Kɔ́ngɔ? Je suis heureux de contribuer mes 2 centimes (expression USA) a ce projet. Natondi bino botondi! ---[[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 6289 2005-09-22T08:00:10Z 62.90.40.50 Science pearls == traduction des menus == Salut Bombo, Je ne parle pas lingala mais j'ai un intérêt pour la langue, des origines congolaises et un dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála. Ce serait avec plaisir que je participerais au ln.wikipedia. Quelques traductions pour les liens et pages spéciales: *edit **changer - **#kobalola (retourner) **#kobóngola (retourner, transformer) **transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) **modifier - kobalusa *histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) *montrer - *#kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) *#kotálisa (indiquer) *sauver - kokósoli (?) *suivre - kolanda *discussion - Lisano *préférences - ? *contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? *accueil/mainpage - lonkásá ya liboso --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo Merci pour ces traductions. Je suis en contact avec des congolais et avec les résponsables de Wikipédia pour l'accès respectiv pour changer les menus. Merci d'y participer! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:25, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC) == accents et autres == re-Salut, Je me demandais si ce ne serait pas mieux d'utiliser les accents et les caractères spéciaux propres au lingala. De cette façon, lingala serait lingála, mboté mbɔtɛ́, etc. Il y a des avantages et des inconvénients. Le lingala étant une langue peu disponible sur l'internet, la plupart des sources n'utilisent pas ces caractères spéciaux. La littérature sur papier l'utilise presque systématiquement. L'avantage d'utiliser ces caractères est qu'ils indiquent la prononciation (classique). Le désavantage majeur est qu'il n'y a pas de méthodes d'entrée lingala disponible, et donc peu de gens les utilise. Il faudrait donc just rajouter c'est caractère speciaux dans la liste de caractères disponible à l'édition d'article. Il faudrait aussi corriger les mots actuellement présent mais sans l'orthographe classique. Personnellement je suis en faveur d'un usage classique du lingala. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo - Je suis d'accord avec les accents. Pour les caractères spéciales, c'est le problème d'affichage. J'ai vu qu sur la wikipédia alsacienne, il y a un moyen facile pour ajouter des caractères spéciales et les accent. Dès que j'ai les possibilités (mode d'administrateur), j'aime bien d'ajouter cela à la Wikipédia lingala. Il s'agit d'une ligne de lettres avec tout les caractères spéciales et lettres avec accents dans le mode éditer. En cliquant sur une lettre, elle sera écrit à l'endroit ou se trouve le curseur. Merci pour le soutien! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 02:08, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == caractères spéciaux == J'ai fait quelques essais avec un petit article sur la [[politiki|politique]] (retrouvé chez Dzokanga, auteur de Congo-Braza dans le temps communiste). Pour plus de détails sur les caractères spéciaux voir aussi [[user:moyogo]]. * affichage parfaite avec Safari 1.0.3 * affichage avec des ? avec Microsoft Explorer 5.2 ** affichage avec des erreurs avec Microsoft Explorer 6 (Windows) * affichage avec des ? avec Mozilla 1.5 * affichage avec des ? avec Firefox 1.0 ** affichage correct des caractères avec erreurs d'accents avec Firefox 1.0 (Linux) ** affichage presque parfait avec Firefox 1.0 (Windows), avec toutes les fonts installées --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage parfait avec Opera 7.54 (Linux, Windows) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage avec erreurs avec Konqueror 3.3.2 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Je suis pour les caractères spéciaux, mais à condition qu'il sont lisible. Quelle est votre expérience? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:29, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) Pour - ;) Il semble que mes erreurs sous Linux avec Firefox soient à cause d'un bug dans pango, à suivre. Pour le reste Opera affiche tout parfaitement. Konqueror a des problèmes pour presque tout les caractères spéciaux et accents spéciaux (sur mon installation Ubuntu). Il serait utile d'utilisé une font par défaut pour le wikipédia lingala. Je pense que <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium</span> (serif) ou <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode</span> (sans) sont de bonnes options et elles sont disponibles gratuitement. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Merci! J'ai verifié tes exemples sur [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et avec Microsoft Explorer 6.0.3 (Windows Server 2003), ce n'est que Lucida Sans Unicode qui affiche les caractères spéciaux correctement. Je vériferais à la maison avec Macintosh. Les accents sont toujours afiché correctement.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:24, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) A mon avis, les accents ne sont pas discutable. Pour les caractères spéciaux, il faut voir, parceque cela sert à quoi, si ce n'est que lisibles pour ceux qui ont un équipement spéciale? Est-ce que les futurs utilisateurs seront de majorité des exilés en Europe ou des Congolais dans un cyber où il devront prendre l'ordinateur tel qu'il est? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Si Lucida Sans Unicode est la font par défaut les accents et les deux caractères spéciaux vraiment problématiques (ɛ - e ouvert, et ɔ - o ouvert) devraient être affiché correctement, sauf exception. Ces deux caractères sont dans la partie IPA des tables de caractères, les pages IPA sur la majorité des wikipédia affichent en Lucida Sans Unicode par défaut. L'avantage de Lucida Sans Unicode est qu'il est déjà installé sur beaucoup de machine. On pourrait donc définir font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode","Arial Unicode MS","Code 2000",sans-serif; dans les page de style. Voila pour l'affichage. Maintenant pour l'utilisation, il faudrait voir ce que la Société Linguistique Congolaise utilise officiellement. L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] recommande l'usage de ses caractères spéciaux. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 13:26, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) J'ai jeté un coup d'oeil avec Windows, il n'y a presque pas de problème avec les fonts qui ont les caractères spéciaux. Seul Internet Explorer 6 affiche erronement en monospace et avec Default, Arial Unicode MS. Lucida Sans Unicode, Doulos SIL et Gentium fonctionne à merveille sous tous les browsers que j'ai essayer (Mozilla Firefox, Opera). Firefox indique juste les accents légerement déplacés avec la première font (monospace) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 17:32, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Qui voit la différence entre ε et ɛ ? Le premier est la lettre epsilon (grec), la seconde le e ouvert (é) phonétique (IPA). En utilisant la lettre greque, on aura pas les problèmes d'affigage? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:17, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC) Effectivement, le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; et en majuscule &#x0395; &#x26;#x0395;) s'affiche correctement presque universellement. Il s'affiche même presque parfaitement avec les accents &#x03b5; avec accent aigu, circumflex, caron et grave devient &#x03b5;&#x0301; &#x03b5;&#x0302; &#x03b5;&#x030C; &#x03b5;&#x0300;. &#x03b5;&#x0301; (&#x26;#x03b5;&#x26;#x0301;) traduit à l'affichage en un seul caractère &#x03AD; (&#x03AD) qui est epsilon avec tonos, malheureusement le tonos est souvent une barre verticale et non un accent aigu. De plus le petit e ouvert latin (&#x25B; &#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) est du type latin tandis que le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; greek small letter epsilon) est du type grecque ce qui peut parfois leurs donner deux styles bien différent dans certaines fonts. Les autres caractères lingala étant eux aussi du type latin (latin small letter a, latin small open e, etc...). L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC]([ftp://ftp.eki.ee/pub/truetype/uni.pdf (pdf)]) et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] indique clairement que le latin small letter e est le bon caractère et qu'il devient Ɛ (&#x26;#x0190; latin capital letter open e). Ce qui veut dire qu'un article [[ɛlɔ́kɔ]] aura comme titre Ɛlɔ́kɔ et non Εlɔ́kɔ si on utilisait le epsilon et donc [[&#x03b5;lɔ́kɔ]]. En bref, le standard unicode définit &#x25B; (&#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) et Ɛ (&#x0190; latin capital letter open e) comme la lettre africaine. Si seulement il pouvait rajouté nos e et o ouverts avec les accents dans la table unicode pour avoir un caractère chaque fois comme pour les e,a,o,u,i plutot que des combinaisons. En attendant, il suffit d'attendre que nos programmes les affiches mieux. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == clavier lingala == J'ai fait [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala quelques claviers] dont un pour Mac OS X avec la page [http://wordherd.com/keyboards/] est-ce qu'il marche correctement? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Bombo azali moyángeli == Félicitations! == Questions == Merci Bombo, et merci pour votre travail ici. Je suis Congolais, mais j'ai vecu au dehors du pays pendant longtemps, et je prends ceci comme un challenge, pour ameliorer mes connaissances du lingala literaire - ou plutot correct, car la langue n'etant pas vraiment une langue ecrite a l'origine. Je suis desole que les traductions prennent si longtemps, mais j'y arriverai. Merci. Soit dit en passant, j'ai ajoute un certain nombre de Templates, en particulier celui de la "boite pays" (Infobox:country), mais je ne suis pas sur de comment traduire certain elements du contenu de la boite. Les autres boites que j'ai ajoutees sont "Ba Provinsi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa", "FichePresidentUS", et un certain nombre de petites adaptations necessaires pour l'accessibilite de wiki a partir d'autres langues. J'ai aussi modifié les noms de tous les pays listés dans "bisé ya mokili", selon les noms que mon pere a jugé corrects. J'ai un probleme car je ne sais pas dire Est, Ouest, Sud, et Nord en lingala (pour Afrique du Sud par exemple), et j'ai presumé que "Lisanga ya Amerika" convenait aux Etats-Unis, meme si cela signifie qu'il faudra un jour ajouter une page d'homonymie, pour la differencier de l'OEA. Soit dit en passant aussi, je ne sais pas s'il existe un moyen de dire Etat dans le sens d'etats federés (comme l'Indiana et la Californie aux USA, ou le Chihuahua et le Guadalajara au Mexique). Y'a-t-il aussi un moyen de dire "Federal", autre que "fedelali" que ma grand-mere utilise. Enfin je me demandais si Kɔ́ngɔ etait la prononciation correcte d nom du pays. Car ca a l'air d'etre plutot celle du peuple de l'Ouest du pays. Dans le parle courant, on dit plutot Kɔngɔ́. Mais je reconnais c'est un peu du a l'influence de l'intonation de la langue francaise. L'appelation correcte devrait elle donc se prononcer Kɔ́ngɔ? Je suis heureux de contribuer mes 2 centimes (expression USA) a ce projet. Natondi bino botondi! ---[[User:Themalau|Themalau]] == [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Science_pearls Science pearls] == Hi, I address you as the ambassador of your wikipedia. Please notice the above project. This project, more than other projects, will benefit from inter-wiki cooperation. Can you post a message regarding this project at your wikipedia village pump? Thanks for your help, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:APH APH from the English wiki] 6480 2005-10-13T15:49:46Z Moyogo 11 ressource lingala pour l'informatique == traduction des menus == Salut Bombo, Je ne parle pas lingala mais j'ai un intérêt pour la langue, des origines congolaises et un dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála. Ce serait avec plaisir que je participerais au ln.wikipedia. Quelques traductions pour les liens et pages spéciales: *edit **changer - **#kobalola (retourner) **#kobóngola (retourner, transformer) **transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) **modifier - kobalusa *histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) *montrer - *#kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) *#kotálisa (indiquer) *sauver - kokósoli (?) *suivre - kolanda *discussion - Lisano *préférences - ? *contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? *accueil/mainpage - lonkásá ya liboso --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo Merci pour ces traductions. Je suis en contact avec des congolais et avec les résponsables de Wikipédia pour l'accès respectiv pour changer les menus. Merci d'y participer! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:25, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC) == accents et autres == re-Salut, Je me demandais si ce ne serait pas mieux d'utiliser les accents et les caractères spéciaux propres au lingala. De cette façon, lingala serait lingála, mboté mbɔtɛ́, etc. Il y a des avantages et des inconvénients. Le lingala étant une langue peu disponible sur l'internet, la plupart des sources n'utilisent pas ces caractères spéciaux. La littérature sur papier l'utilise presque systématiquement. L'avantage d'utiliser ces caractères est qu'ils indiquent la prononciation (classique). Le désavantage majeur est qu'il n'y a pas de méthodes d'entrée lingala disponible, et donc peu de gens les utilise. Il faudrait donc just rajouter c'est caractère speciaux dans la liste de caractères disponible à l'édition d'article. Il faudrait aussi corriger les mots actuellement présent mais sans l'orthographe classique. Personnellement je suis en faveur d'un usage classique du lingala. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo - Je suis d'accord avec les accents. Pour les caractères spéciales, c'est le problème d'affichage. J'ai vu qu sur la wikipédia alsacienne, il y a un moyen facile pour ajouter des caractères spéciales et les accent. Dès que j'ai les possibilités (mode d'administrateur), j'aime bien d'ajouter cela à la Wikipédia lingala. Il s'agit d'une ligne de lettres avec tout les caractères spéciales et lettres avec accents dans le mode éditer. En cliquant sur une lettre, elle sera écrit à l'endroit ou se trouve le curseur. Merci pour le soutien! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 02:08, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == caractères spéciaux == J'ai fait quelques essais avec un petit article sur la [[politiki|politique]] (retrouvé chez Dzokanga, auteur de Congo-Braza dans le temps communiste). Pour plus de détails sur les caractères spéciaux voir aussi [[user:moyogo]]. * affichage parfaite avec Safari 1.0.3 * affichage avec des ? avec Microsoft Explorer 5.2 ** affichage avec des erreurs avec Microsoft Explorer 6 (Windows) * affichage avec des ? avec Mozilla 1.5 * affichage avec des ? avec Firefox 1.0 ** affichage correct des caractères avec erreurs d'accents avec Firefox 1.0 (Linux) ** affichage presque parfait avec Firefox 1.0 (Windows), avec toutes les fonts installées --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage parfait avec Opera 7.54 (Linux, Windows) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage avec erreurs avec Konqueror 3.3.2 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Je suis pour les caractères spéciaux, mais à condition qu'il sont lisible. Quelle est votre expérience? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:29, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) Pour - ;) Il semble que mes erreurs sous Linux avec Firefox soient à cause d'un bug dans pango, à suivre. Pour le reste Opera affiche tout parfaitement. Konqueror a des problèmes pour presque tout les caractères spéciaux et accents spéciaux (sur mon installation Ubuntu). Il serait utile d'utilisé une font par défaut pour le wikipédia lingala. Je pense que <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium</span> (serif) ou <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode</span> (sans) sont de bonnes options et elles sont disponibles gratuitement. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Merci! J'ai verifié tes exemples sur [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et avec Microsoft Explorer 6.0.3 (Windows Server 2003), ce n'est que Lucida Sans Unicode qui affiche les caractères spéciaux correctement. Je vériferais à la maison avec Macintosh. Les accents sont toujours afiché correctement.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:24, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) A mon avis, les accents ne sont pas discutable. Pour les caractères spéciaux, il faut voir, parceque cela sert à quoi, si ce n'est que lisibles pour ceux qui ont un équipement spéciale? Est-ce que les futurs utilisateurs seront de majorité des exilés en Europe ou des Congolais dans un cyber où il devront prendre l'ordinateur tel qu'il est? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Si Lucida Sans Unicode est la font par défaut les accents et les deux caractères spéciaux vraiment problématiques (ɛ - e ouvert, et ɔ - o ouvert) devraient être affiché correctement, sauf exception. Ces deux caractères sont dans la partie IPA des tables de caractères, les pages IPA sur la majorité des wikipédia affichent en Lucida Sans Unicode par défaut. L'avantage de Lucida Sans Unicode est qu'il est déjà installé sur beaucoup de machine. On pourrait donc définir font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode","Arial Unicode MS","Code 2000",sans-serif; dans les page de style. Voila pour l'affichage. Maintenant pour l'utilisation, il faudrait voir ce que la Société Linguistique Congolaise utilise officiellement. L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] recommande l'usage de ses caractères spéciaux. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 13:26, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) J'ai jeté un coup d'oeil avec Windows, il n'y a presque pas de problème avec les fonts qui ont les caractères spéciaux. Seul Internet Explorer 6 affiche erronement en monospace et avec Default, Arial Unicode MS. Lucida Sans Unicode, Doulos SIL et Gentium fonctionne à merveille sous tous les browsers que j'ai essayer (Mozilla Firefox, Opera). Firefox indique juste les accents légerement déplacés avec la première font (monospace) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 17:32, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Qui voit la différence entre ε et ɛ ? Le premier est la lettre epsilon (grec), la seconde le e ouvert (é) phonétique (IPA). En utilisant la lettre greque, on aura pas les problèmes d'affigage? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:17, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC) Effectivement, le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; et en majuscule &#x0395; &#x26;#x0395;) s'affiche correctement presque universellement. Il s'affiche même presque parfaitement avec les accents &#x03b5; avec accent aigu, circumflex, caron et grave devient &#x03b5;&#x0301; &#x03b5;&#x0302; &#x03b5;&#x030C; &#x03b5;&#x0300;. &#x03b5;&#x0301; (&#x26;#x03b5;&#x26;#x0301;) traduit à l'affichage en un seul caractère &#x03AD; (&#x03AD) qui est epsilon avec tonos, malheureusement le tonos est souvent une barre verticale et non un accent aigu. De plus le petit e ouvert latin (&#x25B; &#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) est du type latin tandis que le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; greek small letter epsilon) est du type grecque ce qui peut parfois leurs donner deux styles bien différent dans certaines fonts. Les autres caractères lingala étant eux aussi du type latin (latin small letter a, latin small open e, etc...). L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC]([ftp://ftp.eki.ee/pub/truetype/uni.pdf (pdf)]) et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] indique clairement que le latin small letter e est le bon caractère et qu'il devient Ɛ (&#x26;#x0190; latin capital letter open e). Ce qui veut dire qu'un article [[ɛlɔ́kɔ]] aura comme titre Ɛlɔ́kɔ et non Εlɔ́kɔ si on utilisait le epsilon et donc [[&#x03b5;lɔ́kɔ]]. En bref, le standard unicode définit &#x25B; (&#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) et Ɛ (&#x0190; latin capital letter open e) comme la lettre africaine. Si seulement il pouvait rajouté nos e et o ouverts avec les accents dans la table unicode pour avoir un caractère chaque fois comme pour les e,a,o,u,i plutot que des combinaisons. En attendant, il suffit d'attendre que nos programmes les affiches mieux. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == clavier lingala == J'ai fait [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala quelques claviers] dont un pour Mac OS X avec la page [http://wordherd.com/keyboards/] est-ce qu'il marche correctement? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Bombo azali moyángeli == Félicitations! == Questions == Merci Bombo, et merci pour votre travail ici. Je suis Congolais, mais j'ai vecu au dehors du pays pendant longtemps, et je prends ceci comme un challenge, pour ameliorer mes connaissances du lingala literaire - ou plutot correct, car la langue n'etant pas vraiment une langue ecrite a l'origine. Je suis desole que les traductions prennent si longtemps, mais j'y arriverai. Merci. Soit dit en passant, j'ai ajoute un certain nombre de Templates, en particulier celui de la "boite pays" (Infobox:country), mais je ne suis pas sur de comment traduire certain elements du contenu de la boite. Les autres boites que j'ai ajoutees sont "Ba Provinsi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa", "FichePresidentUS", et un certain nombre de petites adaptations necessaires pour l'accessibilite de wiki a partir d'autres langues. J'ai aussi modifié les noms de tous les pays listés dans "bisé ya mokili", selon les noms que mon pere a jugé corrects. J'ai un probleme car je ne sais pas dire Est, Ouest, Sud, et Nord en lingala (pour Afrique du Sud par exemple), et j'ai presumé que "Lisanga ya Amerika" convenait aux Etats-Unis, meme si cela signifie qu'il faudra un jour ajouter une page d'homonymie, pour la differencier de l'OEA. Soit dit en passant aussi, je ne sais pas s'il existe un moyen de dire Etat dans le sens d'etats federés (comme l'Indiana et la Californie aux USA, ou le Chihuahua et le Guadalajara au Mexique). Y'a-t-il aussi un moyen de dire "Federal", autre que "fedelali" que ma grand-mere utilise. Enfin je me demandais si Kɔ́ngɔ etait la prononciation correcte d nom du pays. Car ca a l'air d'etre plutot celle du peuple de l'Ouest du pays. Dans le parle courant, on dit plutot Kɔngɔ́. Mais je reconnais c'est un peu du a l'influence de l'intonation de la langue francaise. L'appelation correcte devrait elle donc se prononcer Kɔ́ngɔ? Je suis heureux de contribuer mes 2 centimes (expression USA) a ce projet. Natondi bino botondi! ---[[User:Themalau|Themalau]] == [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Science_pearls Science pearls] == Hi, I address you as the ambassador of your wikipedia. Please notice the above project. This project, more than other projects, will benefit from inter-wiki cooperation. Can you post a message regarding this project at your wikipedia village pump? Thanks for your help, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:APH APH from the English wiki] == ressource lingala pour l'informatique == Salut Bombo,<br/> Je viens de trouver http://www.erudit.org/revue/meta/1997/v42/n1/003313ar.pdf il y a quelques traductions que nous devrions utiliser. Comme : * bosalisi : aide * kobima : quitter, sortir * kokotisa : entrer * kobikisa : sauvegarder Nous pourrions aussi avoir plus d'infos sur la list http://groups.google.com/group/info-langues-congo ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 15:49, 13 oktobele 2005 (UTC) 8080 2006-04-29T04:40:39Z 203.173.151.157 /* ressource lingala pour l'informatique */ == traduction des menus == Salut Bombo, Je ne parle pas lingala mais j'ai un intérêt pour la langue, des origines congolaises et un dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála. Ce serait avec plaisir que je participerais au ln.wikipedia. Quelques traductions pour les liens et pages spéciales: *edit **changer - **#kobalola (retourner) **#kobóngola (retourner, transformer) **transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) **modifier - kobalusa *histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) *montrer - *#kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) *#kotálisa (indiquer) *sauver - kokósoli (?) *suivre - kolanda *discussion - Lisano *préférences - ? *contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? *accueil/mainpage - lonkásá ya liboso --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo Merci pour ces traductions. Je suis en contact avec des congolais et avec les résponsables de Wikipédia pour l'accès respectiv pour changer les menus. Merci d'y participer! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:25, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC) == accents et autres == re-Salut, Je me demandais si ce ne serait pas mieux d'utiliser les accents et les caractères spéciaux propres au lingala. De cette façon, lingala serait lingála, mboté mbɔtɛ́, etc. Il y a des avantages et des inconvénients. Le lingala étant une langue peu disponible sur l'internet, la plupart des sources n'utilisent pas ces caractères spéciaux. La littérature sur papier l'utilise presque systématiquement. L'avantage d'utiliser ces caractères est qu'ils indiquent la prononciation (classique). Le désavantage majeur est qu'il n'y a pas de méthodes d'entrée lingala disponible, et donc peu de gens les utilise. Il faudrait donc just rajouter c'est caractère speciaux dans la liste de caractères disponible à l'édition d'article. Il faudrait aussi corriger les mots actuellement présent mais sans l'orthographe classique. Personnellement je suis en faveur d'un usage classique du lingala. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo - Je suis d'accord avec les accents. Pour les caractères spéciales, c'est le problème d'affichage. J'ai vu qu sur la wikipédia alsacienne, il y a un moyen facile pour ajouter des caractères spéciales et les accent. Dès que j'ai les possibilités (mode d'administrateur), j'aime bien d'ajouter cela à la Wikipédia lingala. Il s'agit d'une ligne de lettres avec tout les caractères spéciales et lettres avec accents dans le mode éditer. En cliquant sur une lettre, elle sera écrit à l'endroit ou se trouve le curseur. Merci pour le soutien! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 02:08, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == caractères spéciaux == J'ai fait quelques essais avec un petit article sur la [[politiki|politique]] (retrouvé chez Dzokanga, auteur de Congo-Braza dans le temps communiste). Pour plus de détails sur les caractères spéciaux voir aussi [[user:moyogo]]. * affichage parfaite avec Safari 1.0.3 * affichage avec des ? avec Microsoft Explorer 5.2 ** affichage avec des erreurs avec Microsoft Explorer 6 (Windows) * affichage avec des ? avec Mozilla 1.5 * affichage avec des ? avec Firefox 1.0 ** affichage correct des caractères avec erreurs d'accents avec Firefox 1.0 (Linux) ** affichage presque parfait avec Firefox 1.0 (Windows), avec toutes les fonts installées --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage parfait avec Opera 7.54 (Linux, Windows) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage avec erreurs avec Konqueror 3.3.2 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Je suis pour les caractères spéciaux, mais à condition qu'il sont lisible. Quelle est votre expérience? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:29, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) Pour - ;) Il semble que mes erreurs sous Linux avec Firefox soient à cause d'un bug dans pango, à suivre. Pour le reste Opera affiche tout parfaitement. Konqueror a des problèmes pour presque tout les caractères spéciaux et accents spéciaux (sur mon installation Ubuntu). Il serait utile d'utilisé une font par défaut pour le wikipédia lingala. Je pense que <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium</span> (serif) ou <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode</span> (sans) sont de bonnes options et elles sont disponibles gratuitement. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Merci! J'ai verifié tes exemples sur [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et avec Microsoft Explorer 6.0.3 (Windows Server 2003), ce n'est que Lucida Sans Unicode qui affiche les caractères spéciaux correctement. Je vériferais à la maison avec Macintosh. Les accents sont toujours afiché correctement.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:24, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) A mon avis, les accents ne sont pas discutable. Pour les caractères spéciaux, il faut voir, parceque cela sert à quoi, si ce n'est que lisibles pour ceux qui ont un équipement spéciale? Est-ce que les futurs utilisateurs seront de majorité des exilés en Europe ou des Congolais dans un cyber où il devront prendre l'ordinateur tel qu'il est? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Si Lucida Sans Unicode est la font par défaut les accents et les deux caractères spéciaux vraiment problématiques (ɛ - e ouvert, et ɔ - o ouvert) devraient être affiché correctement, sauf exception. Ces deux caractères sont dans la partie IPA des tables de caractères, les pages IPA sur la majorité des wikipédia affichent en Lucida Sans Unicode par défaut. L'avantage de Lucida Sans Unicode est qu'il est déjà installé sur beaucoup de machine. On pourrait donc définir font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode","Arial Unicode MS","Code 2000",sans-serif; dans les page de style. Voila pour l'affichage. Maintenant pour l'utilisation, il faudrait voir ce que la Société Linguistique Congolaise utilise officiellement. L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] recommande l'usage de ses caractères spéciaux. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 13:26, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) J'ai jeté un coup d'oeil avec Windows, il n'y a presque pas de problème avec les fonts qui ont les caractères spéciaux. Seul Internet Explorer 6 affiche erronement en monospace et avec Default, Arial Unicode MS. Lucida Sans Unicode, Doulos SIL et Gentium fonctionne à merveille sous tous les browsers que j'ai essayer (Mozilla Firefox, Opera). Firefox indique juste les accents légerement déplacés avec la première font (monospace) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 17:32, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Qui voit la différence entre ε et ɛ ? Le premier est la lettre epsilon (grec), la seconde le e ouvert (é) phonétique (IPA). En utilisant la lettre greque, on aura pas les problèmes d'affigage? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:17, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC) Effectivement, le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; et en majuscule &#x0395; &#x26;#x0395;) s'affiche correctement presque universellement. Il s'affiche même presque parfaitement avec les accents &#x03b5; avec accent aigu, circumflex, caron et grave devient &#x03b5;&#x0301; &#x03b5;&#x0302; &#x03b5;&#x030C; &#x03b5;&#x0300;. &#x03b5;&#x0301; (&#x26;#x03b5;&#x26;#x0301;) traduit à l'affichage en un seul caractère &#x03AD; (&#x03AD) qui est epsilon avec tonos, malheureusement le tonos est souvent une barre verticale et non un accent aigu. De plus le petit e ouvert latin (&#x25B; &#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) est du type latin tandis que le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; greek small letter epsilon) est du type grecque ce qui peut parfois leurs donner deux styles bien différent dans certaines fonts. Les autres caractères lingala étant eux aussi du type latin (latin small letter a, latin small open e, etc...). L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC]([ftp://ftp.eki.ee/pub/truetype/uni.pdf (pdf)]) et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] indique clairement que le latin small letter e est le bon caractère et qu'il devient Ɛ (&#x26;#x0190; latin capital letter open e). Ce qui veut dire qu'un article [[ɛlɔ́kɔ]] aura comme titre Ɛlɔ́kɔ et non Εlɔ́kɔ si on utilisait le epsilon et donc [[&#x03b5;lɔ́kɔ]]. En bref, le standard unicode définit &#x25B; (&#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) et Ɛ (&#x0190; latin capital letter open e) comme la lettre africaine. Si seulement il pouvait rajouté nos e et o ouverts avec les accents dans la table unicode pour avoir un caractère chaque fois comme pour les e,a,o,u,i plutot que des combinaisons. En attendant, il suffit d'attendre que nos programmes les affiches mieux. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == clavier lingala == J'ai fait [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala quelques claviers] dont un pour Mac OS X avec la page [http://wordherd.com/keyboards/] est-ce qu'il marche correctement? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Bombo azali moyángeli == Félicitations! == Questions == Merci Bombo, et merci pour votre travail ici. Je suis Congolais, mais j'ai vecu au dehors du pays pendant longtemps, et je prends ceci comme un challenge, pour ameliorer mes connaissances du lingala literaire - ou plutot correct, car la langue n'etant pas vraiment une langue ecrite a l'origine. Je suis desole que les traductions prennent si longtemps, mais j'y arriverai. Merci. Soit dit en passant, j'ai ajoute un certain nombre de Templates, en particulier celui de la "boite pays" (Infobox:country), mais je ne suis pas sur de comment traduire certain elements du contenu de la boite. Les autres boites que j'ai ajoutees sont "Ba Provinsi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa", "FichePresidentUS", et un certain nombre de petites adaptations necessaires pour l'accessibilite de wiki a partir d'autres langues. J'ai aussi modifié les noms de tous les pays listés dans "bisé ya mokili", selon les noms que mon pere a jugé corrects. J'ai un probleme car je ne sais pas dire Est, Ouest, Sud, et Nord en lingala (pour Afrique du Sud par exemple), et j'ai presumé que "Lisanga ya Amerika" convenait aux Etats-Unis, meme si cela signifie qu'il faudra un jour ajouter une page d'homonymie, pour la differencier de l'OEA. Soit dit en passant aussi, je ne sais pas s'il existe un moyen de dire Etat dans le sens d'etats federés (comme l'Indiana et la Californie aux USA, ou le Chihuahua et le Guadalajara au Mexique). Y'a-t-il aussi un moyen de dire "Federal", autre que "fedelali" que ma grand-mere utilise. Enfin je me demandais si Kɔ́ngɔ etait la prononciation correcte d nom du pays. Car ca a l'air d'etre plutot celle du peuple de l'Ouest du pays. Dans le parle courant, on dit plutot Kɔngɔ́. Mais je reconnais c'est un peu du a l'influence de l'intonation de la langue francaise. L'appelation correcte devrait elle donc se prononcer Kɔ́ngɔ? Je suis heureux de contribuer mes 2 centimes (expression USA) a ce projet. Natondi bino botondi! ---[[User:Themalau|Themalau]] == [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Science_pearls Science pearls] == Hi, I address you as the ambassador of your wikipedia. Please notice the above project. This project, more than other projects, will benefit from inter-wiki cooperation. Can you post a message regarding this project at your wikipedia village pump? Thanks for your help, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:APH APH from the English wiki] == ressource lingala pour l'informatique == Salut Bombo,<br/> Je viens de trouver http://www.erudit.org/revue/meta/1997/v42/n1/003313ar.pdf il y a quelques traductions que nous devrions utiliser. Comme : * bosalisi : aide * kobima : quitter, sortir * kokotisa : entrer * kobikisa : sauvegarder Nous pourrions aussi avoir plus d'infos sur la list http://groups.google.com/group/info-langues-congo ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 15:49, 13 oktobele 2005 (UTC) ==Article request== '''Salut Bombo!''' Could you help me create a stub for [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Véritable_Jésus_Église this article - based on the [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9ritable_%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9sus French article]. 2-4 lines would be sufficient enough. ''Please''. Thanks Bombo. Your help would be gratefully appreciated. This church was established in the Democratic Republic of the Congo since 2004. -- [[en:User:Jose77|Joseph]], 04:40 mpɔsɔ / samedi 29 avril 2006 (UTC) 8081 2006-04-29T04:40:53Z 203.173.151.157 /* Article request */ == traduction des menus == Salut Bombo, Je ne parle pas lingala mais j'ai un intérêt pour la langue, des origines congolaises et un dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála. Ce serait avec plaisir que je participerais au ln.wikipedia. Quelques traductions pour les liens et pages spéciales: *edit **changer - **#kobalola (retourner) **#kobóngola (retourner, transformer) **transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) **modifier - kobalusa *histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) *montrer - *#kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) *#kotálisa (indiquer) *sauver - kokósoli (?) *suivre - kolanda *discussion - Lisano *préférences - ? *contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? *accueil/mainpage - lonkásá ya liboso --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo Merci pour ces traductions. Je suis en contact avec des congolais et avec les résponsables de Wikipédia pour l'accès respectiv pour changer les menus. Merci d'y participer! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:25, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC) == accents et autres == re-Salut, Je me demandais si ce ne serait pas mieux d'utiliser les accents et les caractères spéciaux propres au lingala. De cette façon, lingala serait lingála, mboté mbɔtɛ́, etc. Il y a des avantages et des inconvénients. Le lingala étant une langue peu disponible sur l'internet, la plupart des sources n'utilisent pas ces caractères spéciaux. La littérature sur papier l'utilise presque systématiquement. L'avantage d'utiliser ces caractères est qu'ils indiquent la prononciation (classique). Le désavantage majeur est qu'il n'y a pas de méthodes d'entrée lingala disponible, et donc peu de gens les utilise. Il faudrait donc just rajouter c'est caractère speciaux dans la liste de caractères disponible à l'édition d'article. Il faudrait aussi corriger les mots actuellement présent mais sans l'orthographe classique. Personnellement je suis en faveur d'un usage classique du lingala. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo - Je suis d'accord avec les accents. Pour les caractères spéciales, c'est le problème d'affichage. J'ai vu qu sur la wikipédia alsacienne, il y a un moyen facile pour ajouter des caractères spéciales et les accent. Dès que j'ai les possibilités (mode d'administrateur), j'aime bien d'ajouter cela à la Wikipédia lingala. Il s'agit d'une ligne de lettres avec tout les caractères spéciales et lettres avec accents dans le mode éditer. En cliquant sur une lettre, elle sera écrit à l'endroit ou se trouve le curseur. Merci pour le soutien! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 02:08, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == caractères spéciaux == J'ai fait quelques essais avec un petit article sur la [[politiki|politique]] (retrouvé chez Dzokanga, auteur de Congo-Braza dans le temps communiste). Pour plus de détails sur les caractères spéciaux voir aussi [[user:moyogo]]. * affichage parfaite avec Safari 1.0.3 * affichage avec des ? avec Microsoft Explorer 5.2 ** affichage avec des erreurs avec Microsoft Explorer 6 (Windows) * affichage avec des ? avec Mozilla 1.5 * affichage avec des ? avec Firefox 1.0 ** affichage correct des caractères avec erreurs d'accents avec Firefox 1.0 (Linux) ** affichage presque parfait avec Firefox 1.0 (Windows), avec toutes les fonts installées --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage parfait avec Opera 7.54 (Linux, Windows) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage avec erreurs avec Konqueror 3.3.2 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Je suis pour les caractères spéciaux, mais à condition qu'il sont lisible. Quelle est votre expérience? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:29, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) Pour - ;) Il semble que mes erreurs sous Linux avec Firefox soient à cause d'un bug dans pango, à suivre. Pour le reste Opera affiche tout parfaitement. Konqueror a des problèmes pour presque tout les caractères spéciaux et accents spéciaux (sur mon installation Ubuntu). Il serait utile d'utilisé une font par défaut pour le wikipédia lingala. Je pense que <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium</span> (serif) ou <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode</span> (sans) sont de bonnes options et elles sont disponibles gratuitement. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Merci! J'ai verifié tes exemples sur [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et avec Microsoft Explorer 6.0.3 (Windows Server 2003), ce n'est que Lucida Sans Unicode qui affiche les caractères spéciaux correctement. Je vériferais à la maison avec Macintosh. Les accents sont toujours afiché correctement.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:24, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) A mon avis, les accents ne sont pas discutable. Pour les caractères spéciaux, il faut voir, parceque cela sert à quoi, si ce n'est que lisibles pour ceux qui ont un équipement spéciale? Est-ce que les futurs utilisateurs seront de majorité des exilés en Europe ou des Congolais dans un cyber où il devront prendre l'ordinateur tel qu'il est? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Si Lucida Sans Unicode est la font par défaut les accents et les deux caractères spéciaux vraiment problématiques (ɛ - e ouvert, et ɔ - o ouvert) devraient être affiché correctement, sauf exception. Ces deux caractères sont dans la partie IPA des tables de caractères, les pages IPA sur la majorité des wikipédia affichent en Lucida Sans Unicode par défaut. L'avantage de Lucida Sans Unicode est qu'il est déjà installé sur beaucoup de machine. On pourrait donc définir font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode","Arial Unicode MS","Code 2000",sans-serif; dans les page de style. Voila pour l'affichage. Maintenant pour l'utilisation, il faudrait voir ce que la Société Linguistique Congolaise utilise officiellement. L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] recommande l'usage de ses caractères spéciaux. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 13:26, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) J'ai jeté un coup d'oeil avec Windows, il n'y a presque pas de problème avec les fonts qui ont les caractères spéciaux. Seul Internet Explorer 6 affiche erronement en monospace et avec Default, Arial Unicode MS. Lucida Sans Unicode, Doulos SIL et Gentium fonctionne à merveille sous tous les browsers que j'ai essayer (Mozilla Firefox, Opera). Firefox indique juste les accents légerement déplacés avec la première font (monospace) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 17:32, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Qui voit la différence entre ε et ɛ ? Le premier est la lettre epsilon (grec), la seconde le e ouvert (é) phonétique (IPA). En utilisant la lettre greque, on aura pas les problèmes d'affigage? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:17, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC) Effectivement, le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; et en majuscule &#x0395; &#x26;#x0395;) s'affiche correctement presque universellement. Il s'affiche même presque parfaitement avec les accents &#x03b5; avec accent aigu, circumflex, caron et grave devient &#x03b5;&#x0301; &#x03b5;&#x0302; &#x03b5;&#x030C; &#x03b5;&#x0300;. &#x03b5;&#x0301; (&#x26;#x03b5;&#x26;#x0301;) traduit à l'affichage en un seul caractère &#x03AD; (&#x03AD) qui est epsilon avec tonos, malheureusement le tonos est souvent une barre verticale et non un accent aigu. De plus le petit e ouvert latin (&#x25B; &#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) est du type latin tandis que le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; greek small letter epsilon) est du type grecque ce qui peut parfois leurs donner deux styles bien différent dans certaines fonts. Les autres caractères lingala étant eux aussi du type latin (latin small letter a, latin small open e, etc...). L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC]([ftp://ftp.eki.ee/pub/truetype/uni.pdf (pdf)]) et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] indique clairement que le latin small letter e est le bon caractère et qu'il devient Ɛ (&#x26;#x0190; latin capital letter open e). Ce qui veut dire qu'un article [[ɛlɔ́kɔ]] aura comme titre Ɛlɔ́kɔ et non Εlɔ́kɔ si on utilisait le epsilon et donc [[&#x03b5;lɔ́kɔ]]. En bref, le standard unicode définit &#x25B; (&#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) et Ɛ (&#x0190; latin capital letter open e) comme la lettre africaine. Si seulement il pouvait rajouté nos e et o ouverts avec les accents dans la table unicode pour avoir un caractère chaque fois comme pour les e,a,o,u,i plutot que des combinaisons. En attendant, il suffit d'attendre que nos programmes les affiches mieux. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == clavier lingala == J'ai fait [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala quelques claviers] dont un pour Mac OS X avec la page [http://wordherd.com/keyboards/] est-ce qu'il marche correctement? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Bombo azali moyángeli == Félicitations! == Questions == Merci Bombo, et merci pour votre travail ici. Je suis Congolais, mais j'ai vecu au dehors du pays pendant longtemps, et je prends ceci comme un challenge, pour ameliorer mes connaissances du lingala literaire - ou plutot correct, car la langue n'etant pas vraiment une langue ecrite a l'origine. Je suis desole que les traductions prennent si longtemps, mais j'y arriverai. Merci. Soit dit en passant, j'ai ajoute un certain nombre de Templates, en particulier celui de la "boite pays" (Infobox:country), mais je ne suis pas sur de comment traduire certain elements du contenu de la boite. Les autres boites que j'ai ajoutees sont "Ba Provinsi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa", "FichePresidentUS", et un certain nombre de petites adaptations necessaires pour l'accessibilite de wiki a partir d'autres langues. J'ai aussi modifié les noms de tous les pays listés dans "bisé ya mokili", selon les noms que mon pere a jugé corrects. J'ai un probleme car je ne sais pas dire Est, Ouest, Sud, et Nord en lingala (pour Afrique du Sud par exemple), et j'ai presumé que "Lisanga ya Amerika" convenait aux Etats-Unis, meme si cela signifie qu'il faudra un jour ajouter une page d'homonymie, pour la differencier de l'OEA. Soit dit en passant aussi, je ne sais pas s'il existe un moyen de dire Etat dans le sens d'etats federés (comme l'Indiana et la Californie aux USA, ou le Chihuahua et le Guadalajara au Mexique). Y'a-t-il aussi un moyen de dire "Federal", autre que "fedelali" que ma grand-mere utilise. Enfin je me demandais si Kɔ́ngɔ etait la prononciation correcte d nom du pays. Car ca a l'air d'etre plutot celle du peuple de l'Ouest du pays. Dans le parle courant, on dit plutot Kɔngɔ́. Mais je reconnais c'est un peu du a l'influence de l'intonation de la langue francaise. L'appelation correcte devrait elle donc se prononcer Kɔ́ngɔ? Je suis heureux de contribuer mes 2 centimes (expression USA) a ce projet. Natondi bino botondi! ---[[User:Themalau|Themalau]] == [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Science_pearls Science pearls] == Hi, I address you as the ambassador of your wikipedia. Please notice the above project. This project, more than other projects, will benefit from inter-wiki cooperation. Can you post a message regarding this project at your wikipedia village pump? Thanks for your help, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:APH APH from the English wiki] == ressource lingala pour l'informatique == Salut Bombo,<br/> Je viens de trouver http://www.erudit.org/revue/meta/1997/v42/n1/003313ar.pdf il y a quelques traductions que nous devrions utiliser. Comme : * bosalisi : aide * kobima : quitter, sortir * kokotisa : entrer * kobikisa : sauvegarder Nous pourrions aussi avoir plus d'infos sur la list http://groups.google.com/group/info-langues-congo ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 15:49, 13 oktobele 2005 (UTC) ==Article request== '''Salut Bombo!''' Could you help me create a stub for [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Véritable_Jésus_Église this article - based on the [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9ritable_%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9sus French article]. 2-4 lines would be sufficient enough. ''Please''. Thanks Bombo. Your help would be gratefully appreciated. This church was established in the Democratic Republic of the Congo since 2004. -- [[en:User:Jose77|Joseph]], 04:40 mpɔsɔ / samedi 29 avril 2006 (UTC) 8082 2006-05-01T18:50:56Z 160.85.2.50 /* Article request */ == traduction des menus == Salut Bombo, Je ne parle pas lingala mais j'ai un intérêt pour la langue, des origines congolaises et un dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála. Ce serait avec plaisir que je participerais au ln.wikipedia. Quelques traductions pour les liens et pages spéciales: *edit **changer - **#kobalola (retourner) **#kobóngola (retourner, transformer) **transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) **modifier - kobalusa *histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) *montrer - *#kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) *#kotálisa (indiquer) *sauver - kokósoli (?) *suivre - kolanda *discussion - Lisano *préférences - ? *contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? *accueil/mainpage - lonkásá ya liboso --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo Merci pour ces traductions. Je suis en contact avec des congolais et avec les résponsables de Wikipédia pour l'accès respectiv pour changer les menus. Merci d'y participer! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:25, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC) == accents et autres == re-Salut, Je me demandais si ce ne serait pas mieux d'utiliser les accents et les caractères spéciaux propres au lingala. De cette façon, lingala serait lingála, mboté mbɔtɛ́, etc. Il y a des avantages et des inconvénients. Le lingala étant une langue peu disponible sur l'internet, la plupart des sources n'utilisent pas ces caractères spéciaux. La littérature sur papier l'utilise presque systématiquement. L'avantage d'utiliser ces caractères est qu'ils indiquent la prononciation (classique). Le désavantage majeur est qu'il n'y a pas de méthodes d'entrée lingala disponible, et donc peu de gens les utilise. Il faudrait donc just rajouter c'est caractère speciaux dans la liste de caractères disponible à l'édition d'article. Il faudrait aussi corriger les mots actuellement présent mais sans l'orthographe classique. Personnellement je suis en faveur d'un usage classique du lingala. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo - Je suis d'accord avec les accents. Pour les caractères spéciales, c'est le problème d'affichage. J'ai vu qu sur la wikipédia alsacienne, il y a un moyen facile pour ajouter des caractères spéciales et les accent. Dès que j'ai les possibilités (mode d'administrateur), j'aime bien d'ajouter cela à la Wikipédia lingala. Il s'agit d'une ligne de lettres avec tout les caractères spéciales et lettres avec accents dans le mode éditer. En cliquant sur une lettre, elle sera écrit à l'endroit ou se trouve le curseur. Merci pour le soutien! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 02:08, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == caractères spéciaux == J'ai fait quelques essais avec un petit article sur la [[politiki|politique]] (retrouvé chez Dzokanga, auteur de Congo-Braza dans le temps communiste). Pour plus de détails sur les caractères spéciaux voir aussi [[user:moyogo]]. * affichage parfaite avec Safari 1.0.3 * affichage avec des ? avec Microsoft Explorer 5.2 ** affichage avec des erreurs avec Microsoft Explorer 6 (Windows) * affichage avec des ? avec Mozilla 1.5 * affichage avec des ? avec Firefox 1.0 ** affichage correct des caractères avec erreurs d'accents avec Firefox 1.0 (Linux) ** affichage presque parfait avec Firefox 1.0 (Windows), avec toutes les fonts installées --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage parfait avec Opera 7.54 (Linux, Windows) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage avec erreurs avec Konqueror 3.3.2 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Je suis pour les caractères spéciaux, mais à condition qu'il sont lisible. Quelle est votre expérience? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:29, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) Pour - ;) Il semble que mes erreurs sous Linux avec Firefox soient à cause d'un bug dans pango, à suivre. Pour le reste Opera affiche tout parfaitement. Konqueror a des problèmes pour presque tout les caractères spéciaux et accents spéciaux (sur mon installation Ubuntu). Il serait utile d'utilisé une font par défaut pour le wikipédia lingala. Je pense que <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium</span> (serif) ou <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode</span> (sans) sont de bonnes options et elles sont disponibles gratuitement. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Merci! J'ai verifié tes exemples sur [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et avec Microsoft Explorer 6.0.3 (Windows Server 2003), ce n'est que Lucida Sans Unicode qui affiche les caractères spéciaux correctement. Je vériferais à la maison avec Macintosh. Les accents sont toujours afiché correctement.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:24, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) A mon avis, les accents ne sont pas discutable. Pour les caractères spéciaux, il faut voir, parceque cela sert à quoi, si ce n'est que lisibles pour ceux qui ont un équipement spéciale? Est-ce que les futurs utilisateurs seront de majorité des exilés en Europe ou des Congolais dans un cyber où il devront prendre l'ordinateur tel qu'il est? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Si Lucida Sans Unicode est la font par défaut les accents et les deux caractères spéciaux vraiment problématiques (ɛ - e ouvert, et ɔ - o ouvert) devraient être affiché correctement, sauf exception. Ces deux caractères sont dans la partie IPA des tables de caractères, les pages IPA sur la majorité des wikipédia affichent en Lucida Sans Unicode par défaut. L'avantage de Lucida Sans Unicode est qu'il est déjà installé sur beaucoup de machine. On pourrait donc définir font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode","Arial Unicode MS","Code 2000",sans-serif; dans les page de style. Voila pour l'affichage. Maintenant pour l'utilisation, il faudrait voir ce que la Société Linguistique Congolaise utilise officiellement. L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] recommande l'usage de ses caractères spéciaux. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 13:26, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) J'ai jeté un coup d'oeil avec Windows, il n'y a presque pas de problème avec les fonts qui ont les caractères spéciaux. Seul Internet Explorer 6 affiche erronement en monospace et avec Default, Arial Unicode MS. Lucida Sans Unicode, Doulos SIL et Gentium fonctionne à merveille sous tous les browsers que j'ai essayer (Mozilla Firefox, Opera). Firefox indique juste les accents légerement déplacés avec la première font (monospace) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 17:32, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Qui voit la différence entre ε et ɛ ? Le premier est la lettre epsilon (grec), la seconde le e ouvert (é) phonétique (IPA). En utilisant la lettre greque, on aura pas les problèmes d'affigage? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:17, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC) Effectivement, le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; et en majuscule &#x0395; &#x26;#x0395;) s'affiche correctement presque universellement. Il s'affiche même presque parfaitement avec les accents &#x03b5; avec accent aigu, circumflex, caron et grave devient &#x03b5;&#x0301; &#x03b5;&#x0302; &#x03b5;&#x030C; &#x03b5;&#x0300;. &#x03b5;&#x0301; (&#x26;#x03b5;&#x26;#x0301;) traduit à l'affichage en un seul caractère &#x03AD; (&#x03AD) qui est epsilon avec tonos, malheureusement le tonos est souvent une barre verticale et non un accent aigu. De plus le petit e ouvert latin (&#x25B; &#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) est du type latin tandis que le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; greek small letter epsilon) est du type grecque ce qui peut parfois leurs donner deux styles bien différent dans certaines fonts. Les autres caractères lingala étant eux aussi du type latin (latin small letter a, latin small open e, etc...). L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC]([ftp://ftp.eki.ee/pub/truetype/uni.pdf (pdf)]) et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] indique clairement que le latin small letter e est le bon caractère et qu'il devient Ɛ (&#x26;#x0190; latin capital letter open e). Ce qui veut dire qu'un article [[ɛlɔ́kɔ]] aura comme titre Ɛlɔ́kɔ et non Εlɔ́kɔ si on utilisait le epsilon et donc [[&#x03b5;lɔ́kɔ]]. En bref, le standard unicode définit &#x25B; (&#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) et Ɛ (&#x0190; latin capital letter open e) comme la lettre africaine. Si seulement il pouvait rajouté nos e et o ouverts avec les accents dans la table unicode pour avoir un caractère chaque fois comme pour les e,a,o,u,i plutot que des combinaisons. En attendant, il suffit d'attendre que nos programmes les affiches mieux. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == clavier lingala == J'ai fait [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala quelques claviers] dont un pour Mac OS X avec la page [http://wordherd.com/keyboards/] est-ce qu'il marche correctement? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Bombo azali moyángeli == Félicitations! == Questions == Merci Bombo, et merci pour votre travail ici. Je suis Congolais, mais j'ai vecu au dehors du pays pendant longtemps, et je prends ceci comme un challenge, pour ameliorer mes connaissances du lingala literaire - ou plutot correct, car la langue n'etant pas vraiment une langue ecrite a l'origine. Je suis desole que les traductions prennent si longtemps, mais j'y arriverai. Merci. Soit dit en passant, j'ai ajoute un certain nombre de Templates, en particulier celui de la "boite pays" (Infobox:country), mais je ne suis pas sur de comment traduire certain elements du contenu de la boite. Les autres boites que j'ai ajoutees sont "Ba Provinsi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa", "FichePresidentUS", et un certain nombre de petites adaptations necessaires pour l'accessibilite de wiki a partir d'autres langues. J'ai aussi modifié les noms de tous les pays listés dans "bisé ya mokili", selon les noms que mon pere a jugé corrects. J'ai un probleme car je ne sais pas dire Est, Ouest, Sud, et Nord en lingala (pour Afrique du Sud par exemple), et j'ai presumé que "Lisanga ya Amerika" convenait aux Etats-Unis, meme si cela signifie qu'il faudra un jour ajouter une page d'homonymie, pour la differencier de l'OEA. Soit dit en passant aussi, je ne sais pas s'il existe un moyen de dire Etat dans le sens d'etats federés (comme l'Indiana et la Californie aux USA, ou le Chihuahua et le Guadalajara au Mexique). Y'a-t-il aussi un moyen de dire "Federal", autre que "fedelali" que ma grand-mere utilise. Enfin je me demandais si Kɔ́ngɔ etait la prononciation correcte d nom du pays. Car ca a l'air d'etre plutot celle du peuple de l'Ouest du pays. Dans le parle courant, on dit plutot Kɔngɔ́. Mais je reconnais c'est un peu du a l'influence de l'intonation de la langue francaise. L'appelation correcte devrait elle donc se prononcer Kɔ́ngɔ? Je suis heureux de contribuer mes 2 centimes (expression USA) a ce projet. Natondi bino botondi! ---[[User:Themalau|Themalau]] == [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Science_pearls Science pearls] == Hi, I address you as the ambassador of your wikipedia. Please notice the above project. This project, more than other projects, will benefit from inter-wiki cooperation. Can you post a message regarding this project at your wikipedia village pump? Thanks for your help, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:APH APH from the English wiki] == ressource lingala pour l'informatique == Salut Bombo,<br/> Je viens de trouver http://www.erudit.org/revue/meta/1997/v42/n1/003313ar.pdf il y a quelques traductions que nous devrions utiliser. Comme : * bosalisi : aide * kobima : quitter, sortir * kokotisa : entrer * kobikisa : sauvegarder Nous pourrions aussi avoir plus d'infos sur la list http://groups.google.com/group/info-langues-congo ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 15:49, 13 oktobele 2005 (UTC) ==Article request== '''Salut Bombo!''' Could you help me create a stub for [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Véritable_Jésus_Église this article - based on the [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9ritable_%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9sus French article]. 2-4 lines would be sufficient enough. ''Please''. Thanks Bombo. Your help would be gratefully appreciated. This church was established in the Democratic Republic of the Congo since 2004. -- [[en:User:Jose77|Joseph]], 04:40 mpɔsɔ / samedi 29 avril 2006 (UTC) :We have so much work to do and there is nearly no one to help, and there are so many stubs to change to realy articles, so we cannot translate stubs, but we need help! So, if your church is etablished in the DRC, please ask your freinds there to write a very good article (see [[en:Wikipedia:What_is_a_featured_article]]) in lingála. It would be great, if they didn't write only about l'Église Véritable de Jésus, but continue to contribute. Thank you for your help. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:50, 1 mai 2006 (UTC) 8088 2006-05-02T05:04:02Z 132.181.7.1 /* Article request */ == traduction des menus == Salut Bombo, Je ne parle pas lingala mais j'ai un intérêt pour la langue, des origines congolaises et un dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála. Ce serait avec plaisir que je participerais au ln.wikipedia. Quelques traductions pour les liens et pages spéciales: *edit **changer - **#kobalola (retourner) **#kobóngola (retourner, transformer) **transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) **modifier - kobalusa *histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) *montrer - *#kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) *#kotálisa (indiquer) *sauver - kokósoli (?) *suivre - kolanda *discussion - Lisano *préférences - ? *contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? *accueil/mainpage - lonkásá ya liboso --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo Merci pour ces traductions. Je suis en contact avec des congolais et avec les résponsables de Wikipédia pour l'accès respectiv pour changer les menus. Merci d'y participer! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:25, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC) == accents et autres == re-Salut, Je me demandais si ce ne serait pas mieux d'utiliser les accents et les caractères spéciaux propres au lingala. De cette façon, lingala serait lingála, mboté mbɔtɛ́, etc. Il y a des avantages et des inconvénients. Le lingala étant une langue peu disponible sur l'internet, la plupart des sources n'utilisent pas ces caractères spéciaux. La littérature sur papier l'utilise presque systématiquement. L'avantage d'utiliser ces caractères est qu'ils indiquent la prononciation (classique). Le désavantage majeur est qu'il n'y a pas de méthodes d'entrée lingala disponible, et donc peu de gens les utilise. Il faudrait donc just rajouter c'est caractère speciaux dans la liste de caractères disponible à l'édition d'article. Il faudrait aussi corriger les mots actuellement présent mais sans l'orthographe classique. Personnellement je suis en faveur d'un usage classique du lingala. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo - Je suis d'accord avec les accents. Pour les caractères spéciales, c'est le problème d'affichage. J'ai vu qu sur la wikipédia alsacienne, il y a un moyen facile pour ajouter des caractères spéciales et les accent. Dès que j'ai les possibilités (mode d'administrateur), j'aime bien d'ajouter cela à la Wikipédia lingala. Il s'agit d'une ligne de lettres avec tout les caractères spéciales et lettres avec accents dans le mode éditer. En cliquant sur une lettre, elle sera écrit à l'endroit ou se trouve le curseur. Merci pour le soutien! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 02:08, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == caractères spéciaux == J'ai fait quelques essais avec un petit article sur la [[politiki|politique]] (retrouvé chez Dzokanga, auteur de Congo-Braza dans le temps communiste). Pour plus de détails sur les caractères spéciaux voir aussi [[user:moyogo]]. * affichage parfaite avec Safari 1.0.3 * affichage avec des ? avec Microsoft Explorer 5.2 ** affichage avec des erreurs avec Microsoft Explorer 6 (Windows) * affichage avec des ? avec Mozilla 1.5 * affichage avec des ? avec Firefox 1.0 ** affichage correct des caractères avec erreurs d'accents avec Firefox 1.0 (Linux) ** affichage presque parfait avec Firefox 1.0 (Windows), avec toutes les fonts installées --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage parfait avec Opera 7.54 (Linux, Windows) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage avec erreurs avec Konqueror 3.3.2 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Je suis pour les caractères spéciaux, mais à condition qu'il sont lisible. Quelle est votre expérience? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:29, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) Pour - ;) Il semble que mes erreurs sous Linux avec Firefox soient à cause d'un bug dans pango, à suivre. Pour le reste Opera affiche tout parfaitement. Konqueror a des problèmes pour presque tout les caractères spéciaux et accents spéciaux (sur mon installation Ubuntu). Il serait utile d'utilisé une font par défaut pour le wikipédia lingala. Je pense que <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium</span> (serif) ou <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode</span> (sans) sont de bonnes options et elles sont disponibles gratuitement. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Merci! J'ai verifié tes exemples sur [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et avec Microsoft Explorer 6.0.3 (Windows Server 2003), ce n'est que Lucida Sans Unicode qui affiche les caractères spéciaux correctement. Je vériferais à la maison avec Macintosh. Les accents sont toujours afiché correctement.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:24, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) A mon avis, les accents ne sont pas discutable. Pour les caractères spéciaux, il faut voir, parceque cela sert à quoi, si ce n'est que lisibles pour ceux qui ont un équipement spéciale? Est-ce que les futurs utilisateurs seront de majorité des exilés en Europe ou des Congolais dans un cyber où il devront prendre l'ordinateur tel qu'il est? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Si Lucida Sans Unicode est la font par défaut les accents et les deux caractères spéciaux vraiment problématiques (ɛ - e ouvert, et ɔ - o ouvert) devraient être affiché correctement, sauf exception. Ces deux caractères sont dans la partie IPA des tables de caractères, les pages IPA sur la majorité des wikipédia affichent en Lucida Sans Unicode par défaut. L'avantage de Lucida Sans Unicode est qu'il est déjà installé sur beaucoup de machine. On pourrait donc définir font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode","Arial Unicode MS","Code 2000",sans-serif; dans les page de style. Voila pour l'affichage. Maintenant pour l'utilisation, il faudrait voir ce que la Société Linguistique Congolaise utilise officiellement. L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] recommande l'usage de ses caractères spéciaux. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 13:26, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) J'ai jeté un coup d'oeil avec Windows, il n'y a presque pas de problème avec les fonts qui ont les caractères spéciaux. Seul Internet Explorer 6 affiche erronement en monospace et avec Default, Arial Unicode MS. Lucida Sans Unicode, Doulos SIL et Gentium fonctionne à merveille sous tous les browsers que j'ai essayer (Mozilla Firefox, Opera). Firefox indique juste les accents légerement déplacés avec la première font (monospace) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 17:32, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Qui voit la différence entre ε et ɛ ? Le premier est la lettre epsilon (grec), la seconde le e ouvert (é) phonétique (IPA). En utilisant la lettre greque, on aura pas les problèmes d'affigage? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:17, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC) Effectivement, le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; et en majuscule &#x0395; &#x26;#x0395;) s'affiche correctement presque universellement. Il s'affiche même presque parfaitement avec les accents &#x03b5; avec accent aigu, circumflex, caron et grave devient &#x03b5;&#x0301; &#x03b5;&#x0302; &#x03b5;&#x030C; &#x03b5;&#x0300;. &#x03b5;&#x0301; (&#x26;#x03b5;&#x26;#x0301;) traduit à l'affichage en un seul caractère &#x03AD; (&#x03AD) qui est epsilon avec tonos, malheureusement le tonos est souvent une barre verticale et non un accent aigu. De plus le petit e ouvert latin (&#x25B; &#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) est du type latin tandis que le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; greek small letter epsilon) est du type grecque ce qui peut parfois leurs donner deux styles bien différent dans certaines fonts. Les autres caractères lingala étant eux aussi du type latin (latin small letter a, latin small open e, etc...). L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC]([ftp://ftp.eki.ee/pub/truetype/uni.pdf (pdf)]) et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] indique clairement que le latin small letter e est le bon caractère et qu'il devient Ɛ (&#x26;#x0190; latin capital letter open e). Ce qui veut dire qu'un article [[ɛlɔ́kɔ]] aura comme titre Ɛlɔ́kɔ et non Εlɔ́kɔ si on utilisait le epsilon et donc [[&#x03b5;lɔ́kɔ]]. En bref, le standard unicode définit &#x25B; (&#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) et Ɛ (&#x0190; latin capital letter open e) comme la lettre africaine. Si seulement il pouvait rajouté nos e et o ouverts avec les accents dans la table unicode pour avoir un caractère chaque fois comme pour les e,a,o,u,i plutot que des combinaisons. En attendant, il suffit d'attendre que nos programmes les affiches mieux. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == clavier lingala == J'ai fait [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala quelques claviers] dont un pour Mac OS X avec la page [http://wordherd.com/keyboards/] est-ce qu'il marche correctement? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Bombo azali moyángeli == Félicitations! == Questions == Merci Bombo, et merci pour votre travail ici. Je suis Congolais, mais j'ai vecu au dehors du pays pendant longtemps, et je prends ceci comme un challenge, pour ameliorer mes connaissances du lingala literaire - ou plutot correct, car la langue n'etant pas vraiment une langue ecrite a l'origine. Je suis desole que les traductions prennent si longtemps, mais j'y arriverai. Merci. Soit dit en passant, j'ai ajoute un certain nombre de Templates, en particulier celui de la "boite pays" (Infobox:country), mais je ne suis pas sur de comment traduire certain elements du contenu de la boite. Les autres boites que j'ai ajoutees sont "Ba Provinsi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa", "FichePresidentUS", et un certain nombre de petites adaptations necessaires pour l'accessibilite de wiki a partir d'autres langues. J'ai aussi modifié les noms de tous les pays listés dans "bisé ya mokili", selon les noms que mon pere a jugé corrects. J'ai un probleme car je ne sais pas dire Est, Ouest, Sud, et Nord en lingala (pour Afrique du Sud par exemple), et j'ai presumé que "Lisanga ya Amerika" convenait aux Etats-Unis, meme si cela signifie qu'il faudra un jour ajouter une page d'homonymie, pour la differencier de l'OEA. Soit dit en passant aussi, je ne sais pas s'il existe un moyen de dire Etat dans le sens d'etats federés (comme l'Indiana et la Californie aux USA, ou le Chihuahua et le Guadalajara au Mexique). Y'a-t-il aussi un moyen de dire "Federal", autre que "fedelali" que ma grand-mere utilise. Enfin je me demandais si Kɔ́ngɔ etait la prononciation correcte d nom du pays. Car ca a l'air d'etre plutot celle du peuple de l'Ouest du pays. Dans le parle courant, on dit plutot Kɔngɔ́. Mais je reconnais c'est un peu du a l'influence de l'intonation de la langue francaise. L'appelation correcte devrait elle donc se prononcer Kɔ́ngɔ? Je suis heureux de contribuer mes 2 centimes (expression USA) a ce projet. Natondi bino botondi! ---[[User:Themalau|Themalau]] == [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Science_pearls Science pearls] == Hi, I address you as the ambassador of your wikipedia. Please notice the above project. This project, more than other projects, will benefit from inter-wiki cooperation. Can you post a message regarding this project at your wikipedia village pump? Thanks for your help, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:APH APH from the English wiki] == ressource lingala pour l'informatique == Salut Bombo,<br/> Je viens de trouver http://www.erudit.org/revue/meta/1997/v42/n1/003313ar.pdf il y a quelques traductions que nous devrions utiliser. Comme : * bosalisi : aide * kobima : quitter, sortir * kokotisa : entrer * kobikisa : sauvegarder Nous pourrions aussi avoir plus d'infos sur la list http://groups.google.com/group/info-langues-congo ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 15:49, 13 oktobele 2005 (UTC) ==[[l'Église Véritable de Jésus]]== '''Salut Bombo!''' Could you help me create a stub for [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/l'Église_Véritable_de_Jésus this article] - based on the [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9ritable_%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9sus French article]. 2-5 lines would be sufficient enough. ''Please''. Thankyou Bombo. Your help would be gratefully appreciated. This church was established in the Democratic Republic of the Congo since 2004. -- [[en:User:Jose77|Joseph]], 04:40 mpɔsɔ / samedi 29 avril 2006 (UTC) :We have so much work to do and there is nearly no one to help, and there are so many stubs to change to real articles, so we cannot translate stubs, but we need help! So, if your church is etablished in the DRC, please ask your freinds there to write a very good article (see [[en:Wikipedia:What_is_a_featured_article]]) in lingála. It would be great, if they didn't write only about l'Église Véritable de Jésus, but continue to contribute. Thank you for your help. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:50, 1 mai 2006 (UTC) ::Okay, I understand your current situation. I only ask for a few lines - for example: [http://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dibundu_ya_Yesu_ya_Kyeleka this Kikongo article]. -- 05:02 mokɔlɔ ya míbalé 2 mai 2006 (UTC) 8089 2006-05-02T05:05:21Z 132.181.7.1 /* [[l'Église Véritable de Jésus]] */ == traduction des menus == Salut Bombo, Je ne parle pas lingala mais j'ai un intérêt pour la langue, des origines congolaises et un dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála. Ce serait avec plaisir que je participerais au ln.wikipedia. Quelques traductions pour les liens et pages spéciales: *edit **changer - **#kobalola (retourner) **#kobóngola (retourner, transformer) **transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) **modifier - kobalusa *histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) *montrer - *#kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) *#kotálisa (indiquer) *sauver - kokósoli (?) *suivre - kolanda *discussion - Lisano *préférences - ? *contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? *accueil/mainpage - lonkásá ya liboso --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo Merci pour ces traductions. Je suis en contact avec des congolais et avec les résponsables de Wikipédia pour l'accès respectiv pour changer les menus. Merci d'y participer! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:25, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC) == accents et autres == re-Salut, Je me demandais si ce ne serait pas mieux d'utiliser les accents et les caractères spéciaux propres au lingala. De cette façon, lingala serait lingála, mboté mbɔtɛ́, etc. Il y a des avantages et des inconvénients. Le lingala étant une langue peu disponible sur l'internet, la plupart des sources n'utilisent pas ces caractères spéciaux. La littérature sur papier l'utilise presque systématiquement. L'avantage d'utiliser ces caractères est qu'ils indiquent la prononciation (classique). Le désavantage majeur est qu'il n'y a pas de méthodes d'entrée lingala disponible, et donc peu de gens les utilise. Il faudrait donc just rajouter c'est caractère speciaux dans la liste de caractères disponible à l'édition d'article. Il faudrait aussi corriger les mots actuellement présent mais sans l'orthographe classique. Personnellement je suis en faveur d'un usage classique du lingala. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo - Je suis d'accord avec les accents. Pour les caractères spéciales, c'est le problème d'affichage. J'ai vu qu sur la wikipédia alsacienne, il y a un moyen facile pour ajouter des caractères spéciales et les accent. Dès que j'ai les possibilités (mode d'administrateur), j'aime bien d'ajouter cela à la Wikipédia lingala. Il s'agit d'une ligne de lettres avec tout les caractères spéciales et lettres avec accents dans le mode éditer. En cliquant sur une lettre, elle sera écrit à l'endroit ou se trouve le curseur. Merci pour le soutien! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 02:08, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == caractères spéciaux == J'ai fait quelques essais avec un petit article sur la [[politiki|politique]] (retrouvé chez Dzokanga, auteur de Congo-Braza dans le temps communiste). Pour plus de détails sur les caractères spéciaux voir aussi [[user:moyogo]]. * affichage parfaite avec Safari 1.0.3 * affichage avec des ? avec Microsoft Explorer 5.2 ** affichage avec des erreurs avec Microsoft Explorer 6 (Windows) * affichage avec des ? avec Mozilla 1.5 * affichage avec des ? avec Firefox 1.0 ** affichage correct des caractères avec erreurs d'accents avec Firefox 1.0 (Linux) ** affichage presque parfait avec Firefox 1.0 (Windows), avec toutes les fonts installées --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage parfait avec Opera 7.54 (Linux, Windows) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage avec erreurs avec Konqueror 3.3.2 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Je suis pour les caractères spéciaux, mais à condition qu'il sont lisible. Quelle est votre expérience? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:29, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) Pour - ;) Il semble que mes erreurs sous Linux avec Firefox soient à cause d'un bug dans pango, à suivre. Pour le reste Opera affiche tout parfaitement. Konqueror a des problèmes pour presque tout les caractères spéciaux et accents spéciaux (sur mon installation Ubuntu). Il serait utile d'utilisé une font par défaut pour le wikipédia lingala. Je pense que <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium</span> (serif) ou <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode</span> (sans) sont de bonnes options et elles sont disponibles gratuitement. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Merci! J'ai verifié tes exemples sur [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et avec Microsoft Explorer 6.0.3 (Windows Server 2003), ce n'est que Lucida Sans Unicode qui affiche les caractères spéciaux correctement. Je vériferais à la maison avec Macintosh. Les accents sont toujours afiché correctement.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:24, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) A mon avis, les accents ne sont pas discutable. Pour les caractères spéciaux, il faut voir, parceque cela sert à quoi, si ce n'est que lisibles pour ceux qui ont un équipement spéciale? Est-ce que les futurs utilisateurs seront de majorité des exilés en Europe ou des Congolais dans un cyber où il devront prendre l'ordinateur tel qu'il est? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Si Lucida Sans Unicode est la font par défaut les accents et les deux caractères spéciaux vraiment problématiques (ɛ - e ouvert, et ɔ - o ouvert) devraient être affiché correctement, sauf exception. Ces deux caractères sont dans la partie IPA des tables de caractères, les pages IPA sur la majorité des wikipédia affichent en Lucida Sans Unicode par défaut. L'avantage de Lucida Sans Unicode est qu'il est déjà installé sur beaucoup de machine. On pourrait donc définir font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode","Arial Unicode MS","Code 2000",sans-serif; dans les page de style. Voila pour l'affichage. Maintenant pour l'utilisation, il faudrait voir ce que la Société Linguistique Congolaise utilise officiellement. L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] recommande l'usage de ses caractères spéciaux. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 13:26, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) J'ai jeté un coup d'oeil avec Windows, il n'y a presque pas de problème avec les fonts qui ont les caractères spéciaux. Seul Internet Explorer 6 affiche erronement en monospace et avec Default, Arial Unicode MS. Lucida Sans Unicode, Doulos SIL et Gentium fonctionne à merveille sous tous les browsers que j'ai essayer (Mozilla Firefox, Opera). Firefox indique juste les accents légerement déplacés avec la première font (monospace) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 17:32, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Qui voit la différence entre ε et ɛ ? Le premier est la lettre epsilon (grec), la seconde le e ouvert (é) phonétique (IPA). En utilisant la lettre greque, on aura pas les problèmes d'affigage? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:17, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC) Effectivement, le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; et en majuscule &#x0395; &#x26;#x0395;) s'affiche correctement presque universellement. Il s'affiche même presque parfaitement avec les accents &#x03b5; avec accent aigu, circumflex, caron et grave devient &#x03b5;&#x0301; &#x03b5;&#x0302; &#x03b5;&#x030C; &#x03b5;&#x0300;. &#x03b5;&#x0301; (&#x26;#x03b5;&#x26;#x0301;) traduit à l'affichage en un seul caractère &#x03AD; (&#x03AD) qui est epsilon avec tonos, malheureusement le tonos est souvent une barre verticale et non un accent aigu. De plus le petit e ouvert latin (&#x25B; &#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) est du type latin tandis que le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; greek small letter epsilon) est du type grecque ce qui peut parfois leurs donner deux styles bien différent dans certaines fonts. Les autres caractères lingala étant eux aussi du type latin (latin small letter a, latin small open e, etc...). L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC]([ftp://ftp.eki.ee/pub/truetype/uni.pdf (pdf)]) et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] indique clairement que le latin small letter e est le bon caractère et qu'il devient Ɛ (&#x26;#x0190; latin capital letter open e). Ce qui veut dire qu'un article [[ɛlɔ́kɔ]] aura comme titre Ɛlɔ́kɔ et non Εlɔ́kɔ si on utilisait le epsilon et donc [[&#x03b5;lɔ́kɔ]]. En bref, le standard unicode définit &#x25B; (&#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) et Ɛ (&#x0190; latin capital letter open e) comme la lettre africaine. Si seulement il pouvait rajouté nos e et o ouverts avec les accents dans la table unicode pour avoir un caractère chaque fois comme pour les e,a,o,u,i plutot que des combinaisons. En attendant, il suffit d'attendre que nos programmes les affiches mieux. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == clavier lingala == J'ai fait [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala quelques claviers] dont un pour Mac OS X avec la page [http://wordherd.com/keyboards/] est-ce qu'il marche correctement? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Bombo azali moyángeli == Félicitations! == Questions == Merci Bombo, et merci pour votre travail ici. Je suis Congolais, mais j'ai vecu au dehors du pays pendant longtemps, et je prends ceci comme un challenge, pour ameliorer mes connaissances du lingala literaire - ou plutot correct, car la langue n'etant pas vraiment une langue ecrite a l'origine. Je suis desole que les traductions prennent si longtemps, mais j'y arriverai. Merci. Soit dit en passant, j'ai ajoute un certain nombre de Templates, en particulier celui de la "boite pays" (Infobox:country), mais je ne suis pas sur de comment traduire certain elements du contenu de la boite. Les autres boites que j'ai ajoutees sont "Ba Provinsi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa", "FichePresidentUS", et un certain nombre de petites adaptations necessaires pour l'accessibilite de wiki a partir d'autres langues. J'ai aussi modifié les noms de tous les pays listés dans "bisé ya mokili", selon les noms que mon pere a jugé corrects. J'ai un probleme car je ne sais pas dire Est, Ouest, Sud, et Nord en lingala (pour Afrique du Sud par exemple), et j'ai presumé que "Lisanga ya Amerika" convenait aux Etats-Unis, meme si cela signifie qu'il faudra un jour ajouter une page d'homonymie, pour la differencier de l'OEA. Soit dit en passant aussi, je ne sais pas s'il existe un moyen de dire Etat dans le sens d'etats federés (comme l'Indiana et la Californie aux USA, ou le Chihuahua et le Guadalajara au Mexique). Y'a-t-il aussi un moyen de dire "Federal", autre que "fedelali" que ma grand-mere utilise. Enfin je me demandais si Kɔ́ngɔ etait la prononciation correcte d nom du pays. Car ca a l'air d'etre plutot celle du peuple de l'Ouest du pays. Dans le parle courant, on dit plutot Kɔngɔ́. Mais je reconnais c'est un peu du a l'influence de l'intonation de la langue francaise. L'appelation correcte devrait elle donc se prononcer Kɔ́ngɔ? Je suis heureux de contribuer mes 2 centimes (expression USA) a ce projet. Natondi bino botondi! ---[[User:Themalau|Themalau]] == [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Science_pearls Science pearls] == Hi, I address you as the ambassador of your wikipedia. Please notice the above project. This project, more than other projects, will benefit from inter-wiki cooperation. Can you post a message regarding this project at your wikipedia village pump? Thanks for your help, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:APH APH from the English wiki] == ressource lingala pour l'informatique == Salut Bombo,<br/> Je viens de trouver http://www.erudit.org/revue/meta/1997/v42/n1/003313ar.pdf il y a quelques traductions que nous devrions utiliser. Comme : * bosalisi : aide * kobima : quitter, sortir * kokotisa : entrer * kobikisa : sauvegarder Nous pourrions aussi avoir plus d'infos sur la list http://groups.google.com/group/info-langues-congo ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 15:49, 13 oktobele 2005 (UTC) ==[[l'Église Véritable de Jésus]]== '''Salut Bombo!''' Could you help me create a stub for [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/l'Église_Véritable_de_Jésus this article] - based on the [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9ritable_%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9sus French article]. 2-5 lines would be sufficient enough. ''Please''. Thankyou Bombo. Your help would be gratefully appreciated. This church was established in the Democratic Republic of the Congo since 2004. -- [[en:User:Jose77|Joseph]], 04:40 mpɔsɔ / samedi 29 avril 2006 (UTC) :We have so much work to do and there is nearly no one to help, and there are so many stubs to change to real articles, so we cannot translate stubs, but we need help! So, if your church is etablished in the DRC, please ask your freinds there to write a very good article (see [[en:Wikipedia:What_is_a_featured_article]]) in lingála. It would be great, if they didn't write only about l'Église Véritable de Jésus, but continue to contribute. Thank you for your help. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:50, 1 mai 2006 (UTC) ::Okay, I understand your current situation. I only ask for a few lines - for example: [http://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dibundu_ya_Yesu_ya_Kyeleka this Kikongo article]. ::Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Joseph]] 05:02 mokɔlɔ ya míbalé 2 mai 2006 (UTC) 8090 2006-05-02T05:10:52Z 132.181.7.1 /* [[l'Église Véritable de Jésus]] */ == traduction des menus == Salut Bombo, Je ne parle pas lingala mais j'ai un intérêt pour la langue, des origines congolaises et un dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála. Ce serait avec plaisir que je participerais au ln.wikipedia. Quelques traductions pour les liens et pages spéciales: *edit **changer - **#kobalola (retourner) **#kobóngola (retourner, transformer) **transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) **modifier - kobalusa *histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) *montrer - *#kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) *#kotálisa (indiquer) *sauver - kokósoli (?) *suivre - kolanda *discussion - Lisano *préférences - ? *contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? *accueil/mainpage - lonkásá ya liboso --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo Merci pour ces traductions. Je suis en contact avec des congolais et avec les résponsables de Wikipédia pour l'accès respectiv pour changer les menus. Merci d'y participer! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:25, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC) == accents et autres == re-Salut, Je me demandais si ce ne serait pas mieux d'utiliser les accents et les caractères spéciaux propres au lingala. De cette façon, lingala serait lingála, mboté mbɔtɛ́, etc. Il y a des avantages et des inconvénients. Le lingala étant une langue peu disponible sur l'internet, la plupart des sources n'utilisent pas ces caractères spéciaux. La littérature sur papier l'utilise presque systématiquement. L'avantage d'utiliser ces caractères est qu'ils indiquent la prononciation (classique). Le désavantage majeur est qu'il n'y a pas de méthodes d'entrée lingala disponible, et donc peu de gens les utilise. Il faudrait donc just rajouter c'est caractère speciaux dans la liste de caractères disponible à l'édition d'article. Il faudrait aussi corriger les mots actuellement présent mais sans l'orthographe classique. Personnellement je suis en faveur d'un usage classique du lingala. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo - Je suis d'accord avec les accents. Pour les caractères spéciales, c'est le problème d'affichage. J'ai vu qu sur la wikipédia alsacienne, il y a un moyen facile pour ajouter des caractères spéciales et les accent. Dès que j'ai les possibilités (mode d'administrateur), j'aime bien d'ajouter cela à la Wikipédia lingala. Il s'agit d'une ligne de lettres avec tout les caractères spéciales et lettres avec accents dans le mode éditer. En cliquant sur une lettre, elle sera écrit à l'endroit ou se trouve le curseur. Merci pour le soutien! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 02:08, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == caractères spéciaux == J'ai fait quelques essais avec un petit article sur la [[politiki|politique]] (retrouvé chez Dzokanga, auteur de Congo-Braza dans le temps communiste). Pour plus de détails sur les caractères spéciaux voir aussi [[user:moyogo]]. * affichage parfaite avec Safari 1.0.3 * affichage avec des ? avec Microsoft Explorer 5.2 ** affichage avec des erreurs avec Microsoft Explorer 6 (Windows) * affichage avec des ? avec Mozilla 1.5 * affichage avec des ? avec Firefox 1.0 ** affichage correct des caractères avec erreurs d'accents avec Firefox 1.0 (Linux) ** affichage presque parfait avec Firefox 1.0 (Windows), avec toutes les fonts installées --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage parfait avec Opera 7.54 (Linux, Windows) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage avec erreurs avec Konqueror 3.3.2 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Je suis pour les caractères spéciaux, mais à condition qu'il sont lisible. Quelle est votre expérience? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:29, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) Pour - ;) Il semble que mes erreurs sous Linux avec Firefox soient à cause d'un bug dans pango, à suivre. Pour le reste Opera affiche tout parfaitement. Konqueror a des problèmes pour presque tout les caractères spéciaux et accents spéciaux (sur mon installation Ubuntu). Il serait utile d'utilisé une font par défaut pour le wikipédia lingala. Je pense que <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium</span> (serif) ou <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode</span> (sans) sont de bonnes options et elles sont disponibles gratuitement. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Merci! J'ai verifié tes exemples sur [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et avec Microsoft Explorer 6.0.3 (Windows Server 2003), ce n'est que Lucida Sans Unicode qui affiche les caractères spéciaux correctement. Je vériferais à la maison avec Macintosh. Les accents sont toujours afiché correctement.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:24, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) A mon avis, les accents ne sont pas discutable. Pour les caractères spéciaux, il faut voir, parceque cela sert à quoi, si ce n'est que lisibles pour ceux qui ont un équipement spéciale? Est-ce que les futurs utilisateurs seront de majorité des exilés en Europe ou des Congolais dans un cyber où il devront prendre l'ordinateur tel qu'il est? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Si Lucida Sans Unicode est la font par défaut les accents et les deux caractères spéciaux vraiment problématiques (ɛ - e ouvert, et ɔ - o ouvert) devraient être affiché correctement, sauf exception. Ces deux caractères sont dans la partie IPA des tables de caractères, les pages IPA sur la majorité des wikipédia affichent en Lucida Sans Unicode par défaut. L'avantage de Lucida Sans Unicode est qu'il est déjà installé sur beaucoup de machine. On pourrait donc définir font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode","Arial Unicode MS","Code 2000",sans-serif; dans les page de style. Voila pour l'affichage. Maintenant pour l'utilisation, il faudrait voir ce que la Société Linguistique Congolaise utilise officiellement. L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] recommande l'usage de ses caractères spéciaux. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 13:26, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) J'ai jeté un coup d'oeil avec Windows, il n'y a presque pas de problème avec les fonts qui ont les caractères spéciaux. Seul Internet Explorer 6 affiche erronement en monospace et avec Default, Arial Unicode MS. Lucida Sans Unicode, Doulos SIL et Gentium fonctionne à merveille sous tous les browsers que j'ai essayer (Mozilla Firefox, Opera). Firefox indique juste les accents légerement déplacés avec la première font (monospace) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 17:32, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Qui voit la différence entre ε et ɛ ? Le premier est la lettre epsilon (grec), la seconde le e ouvert (é) phonétique (IPA). En utilisant la lettre greque, on aura pas les problèmes d'affigage? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:17, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC) Effectivement, le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; et en majuscule &#x0395; &#x26;#x0395;) s'affiche correctement presque universellement. Il s'affiche même presque parfaitement avec les accents &#x03b5; avec accent aigu, circumflex, caron et grave devient &#x03b5;&#x0301; &#x03b5;&#x0302; &#x03b5;&#x030C; &#x03b5;&#x0300;. &#x03b5;&#x0301; (&#x26;#x03b5;&#x26;#x0301;) traduit à l'affichage en un seul caractère &#x03AD; (&#x03AD) qui est epsilon avec tonos, malheureusement le tonos est souvent une barre verticale et non un accent aigu. De plus le petit e ouvert latin (&#x25B; &#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) est du type latin tandis que le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; greek small letter epsilon) est du type grecque ce qui peut parfois leurs donner deux styles bien différent dans certaines fonts. Les autres caractères lingala étant eux aussi du type latin (latin small letter a, latin small open e, etc...). L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC]([ftp://ftp.eki.ee/pub/truetype/uni.pdf (pdf)]) et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] indique clairement que le latin small letter e est le bon caractère et qu'il devient Ɛ (&#x26;#x0190; latin capital letter open e). Ce qui veut dire qu'un article [[ɛlɔ́kɔ]] aura comme titre Ɛlɔ́kɔ et non Εlɔ́kɔ si on utilisait le epsilon et donc [[&#x03b5;lɔ́kɔ]]. En bref, le standard unicode définit &#x25B; (&#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) et Ɛ (&#x0190; latin capital letter open e) comme la lettre africaine. Si seulement il pouvait rajouté nos e et o ouverts avec les accents dans la table unicode pour avoir un caractère chaque fois comme pour les e,a,o,u,i plutot que des combinaisons. En attendant, il suffit d'attendre que nos programmes les affiches mieux. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == clavier lingala == J'ai fait [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala quelques claviers] dont un pour Mac OS X avec la page [http://wordherd.com/keyboards/] est-ce qu'il marche correctement? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Bombo azali moyángeli == Félicitations! == Questions == Merci Bombo, et merci pour votre travail ici. Je suis Congolais, mais j'ai vecu au dehors du pays pendant longtemps, et je prends ceci comme un challenge, pour ameliorer mes connaissances du lingala literaire - ou plutot correct, car la langue n'etant pas vraiment une langue ecrite a l'origine. Je suis desole que les traductions prennent si longtemps, mais j'y arriverai. Merci. Soit dit en passant, j'ai ajoute un certain nombre de Templates, en particulier celui de la "boite pays" (Infobox:country), mais je ne suis pas sur de comment traduire certain elements du contenu de la boite. Les autres boites que j'ai ajoutees sont "Ba Provinsi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa", "FichePresidentUS", et un certain nombre de petites adaptations necessaires pour l'accessibilite de wiki a partir d'autres langues. J'ai aussi modifié les noms de tous les pays listés dans "bisé ya mokili", selon les noms que mon pere a jugé corrects. J'ai un probleme car je ne sais pas dire Est, Ouest, Sud, et Nord en lingala (pour Afrique du Sud par exemple), et j'ai presumé que "Lisanga ya Amerika" convenait aux Etats-Unis, meme si cela signifie qu'il faudra un jour ajouter une page d'homonymie, pour la differencier de l'OEA. Soit dit en passant aussi, je ne sais pas s'il existe un moyen de dire Etat dans le sens d'etats federés (comme l'Indiana et la Californie aux USA, ou le Chihuahua et le Guadalajara au Mexique). Y'a-t-il aussi un moyen de dire "Federal", autre que "fedelali" que ma grand-mere utilise. Enfin je me demandais si Kɔ́ngɔ etait la prononciation correcte d nom du pays. Car ca a l'air d'etre plutot celle du peuple de l'Ouest du pays. Dans le parle courant, on dit plutot Kɔngɔ́. Mais je reconnais c'est un peu du a l'influence de l'intonation de la langue francaise. L'appelation correcte devrait elle donc se prononcer Kɔ́ngɔ? Je suis heureux de contribuer mes 2 centimes (expression USA) a ce projet. Natondi bino botondi! ---[[User:Themalau|Themalau]] == [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Science_pearls Science pearls] == Hi, I address you as the ambassador of your wikipedia. Please notice the above project. This project, more than other projects, will benefit from inter-wiki cooperation. Can you post a message regarding this project at your wikipedia village pump? Thanks for your help, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:APH APH from the English wiki] == ressource lingala pour l'informatique == Salut Bombo,<br/> Je viens de trouver http://www.erudit.org/revue/meta/1997/v42/n1/003313ar.pdf il y a quelques traductions que nous devrions utiliser. Comme : * bosalisi : aide * kobima : quitter, sortir * kokotisa : entrer * kobikisa : sauvegarder Nous pourrions aussi avoir plus d'infos sur la list http://groups.google.com/group/info-langues-congo ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 15:49, 13 oktobele 2005 (UTC) ==[[l'Église Véritable de Jésus]]== '''Salut Bombo!''' Could you help me create a stub for [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/l'Église_Véritable_de_Jésus this article] - based on the [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9ritable_%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9sus French article]. 2-5 lines would be sufficient enough. ''Please''. Thankyou Bombo. Your help would be gratefully appreciated. This church was established in the Democratic Republic of the Congo since 2004. -- [[en:User:Jose77|Joseph]], 04:40 mpɔsɔ / samedi 29 avril 2006 (UTC) :We have so much work to do and there is nearly no one to help, and there are so many stubs to change to real articles, so we cannot translate stubs, but we need help! So, if your church is etablished in the DRC, please ask your freinds there to write a very good article (see [[en:Wikipedia:What_is_a_featured_article]]) in lingála. It would be great, if they didn't write only about l'Église Véritable de Jésus, but continue to contribute. Thank you for your help. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:50, 1 mai 2006 (UTC) ::Okay, I understand your current situation, unfortunately our church members in Congo do not have an internet connection so it would be extremely difficult for them to write this article. I only ask for a few lines from you - for example: [http://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dibundu_ya_Yesu_ya_Kyeleka this Kikongo article] or [http://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church this excellent Swahili article]. ::Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Joseph]] 05:02 mokɔlɔ ya míbalé 2 mai 2006 (UTC) 8092 2006-05-02T05:21:56Z 132.181.7.1 == traduction des menus == Salut Bombo, Je ne parle pas lingala mais j'ai un intérêt pour la langue, des origines congolaises et un dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála. Ce serait avec plaisir que je participerais au ln.wikipedia. Quelques traductions pour les liens et pages spéciales: *edit **changer - **#kobalola (retourner) **#kobóngola (retourner, transformer) **transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) **modifier - kobalusa *histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) *montrer - *#kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) *#kotálisa (indiquer) *sauver - kokósoli (?) *suivre - kolanda *discussion - Lisano *préférences - ? *contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? *accueil/mainpage - lonkásá ya liboso --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo Merci pour ces traductions. Je suis en contact avec des congolais et avec les résponsables de Wikipédia pour l'accès respectiv pour changer les menus. Merci d'y participer! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:25, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC) == accents et autres == re-Salut, Je me demandais si ce ne serait pas mieux d'utiliser les accents et les caractères spéciaux propres au lingala. De cette façon, lingala serait lingála, mboté mbɔtɛ́, etc. Il y a des avantages et des inconvénients. Le lingala étant une langue peu disponible sur l'internet, la plupart des sources n'utilisent pas ces caractères spéciaux. La littérature sur papier l'utilise presque systématiquement. L'avantage d'utiliser ces caractères est qu'ils indiquent la prononciation (classique). Le désavantage majeur est qu'il n'y a pas de méthodes d'entrée lingala disponible, et donc peu de gens les utilise. Il faudrait donc just rajouter c'est caractère speciaux dans la liste de caractères disponible à l'édition d'article. Il faudrait aussi corriger les mots actuellement présent mais sans l'orthographe classique. Personnellement je suis en faveur d'un usage classique du lingala. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo - Je suis d'accord avec les accents. Pour les caractères spéciales, c'est le problème d'affichage. J'ai vu qu sur la wikipédia alsacienne, il y a un moyen facile pour ajouter des caractères spéciales et les accent. Dès que j'ai les possibilités (mode d'administrateur), j'aime bien d'ajouter cela à la Wikipédia lingala. Il s'agit d'une ligne de lettres avec tout les caractères spéciales et lettres avec accents dans le mode éditer. En cliquant sur une lettre, elle sera écrit à l'endroit ou se trouve le curseur. Merci pour le soutien! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 02:08, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == caractères spéciaux == J'ai fait quelques essais avec un petit article sur la [[politiki|politique]] (retrouvé chez Dzokanga, auteur de Congo-Braza dans le temps communiste). Pour plus de détails sur les caractères spéciaux voir aussi [[user:moyogo]]. * affichage parfaite avec Safari 1.0.3 * affichage avec des ? avec Microsoft Explorer 5.2 ** affichage avec des erreurs avec Microsoft Explorer 6 (Windows) * affichage avec des ? avec Mozilla 1.5 * affichage avec des ? avec Firefox 1.0 ** affichage correct des caractères avec erreurs d'accents avec Firefox 1.0 (Linux) ** affichage presque parfait avec Firefox 1.0 (Windows), avec toutes les fonts installées --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage parfait avec Opera 7.54 (Linux, Windows) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage avec erreurs avec Konqueror 3.3.2 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Je suis pour les caractères spéciaux, mais à condition qu'il sont lisible. Quelle est votre expérience? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:29, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) Pour - ;) Il semble que mes erreurs sous Linux avec Firefox soient à cause d'un bug dans pango, à suivre. Pour le reste Opera affiche tout parfaitement. Konqueror a des problèmes pour presque tout les caractères spéciaux et accents spéciaux (sur mon installation Ubuntu). Il serait utile d'utilisé une font par défaut pour le wikipédia lingala. Je pense que <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium</span> (serif) ou <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode</span> (sans) sont de bonnes options et elles sont disponibles gratuitement. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Merci! J'ai verifié tes exemples sur [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et avec Microsoft Explorer 6.0.3 (Windows Server 2003), ce n'est que Lucida Sans Unicode qui affiche les caractères spéciaux correctement. Je vériferais à la maison avec Macintosh. Les accents sont toujours afiché correctement.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:24, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) A mon avis, les accents ne sont pas discutable. Pour les caractères spéciaux, il faut voir, parceque cela sert à quoi, si ce n'est que lisibles pour ceux qui ont un équipement spéciale? Est-ce que les futurs utilisateurs seront de majorité des exilés en Europe ou des Congolais dans un cyber où il devront prendre l'ordinateur tel qu'il est? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Si Lucida Sans Unicode est la font par défaut les accents et les deux caractères spéciaux vraiment problématiques (ɛ - e ouvert, et ɔ - o ouvert) devraient être affiché correctement, sauf exception. Ces deux caractères sont dans la partie IPA des tables de caractères, les pages IPA sur la majorité des wikipédia affichent en Lucida Sans Unicode par défaut. L'avantage de Lucida Sans Unicode est qu'il est déjà installé sur beaucoup de machine. On pourrait donc définir font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode","Arial Unicode MS","Code 2000",sans-serif; dans les page de style. Voila pour l'affichage. Maintenant pour l'utilisation, il faudrait voir ce que la Société Linguistique Congolaise utilise officiellement. L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] recommande l'usage de ses caractères spéciaux. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 13:26, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) J'ai jeté un coup d'oeil avec Windows, il n'y a presque pas de problème avec les fonts qui ont les caractères spéciaux. Seul Internet Explorer 6 affiche erronement en monospace et avec Default, Arial Unicode MS. Lucida Sans Unicode, Doulos SIL et Gentium fonctionne à merveille sous tous les browsers que j'ai essayer (Mozilla Firefox, Opera). Firefox indique juste les accents légerement déplacés avec la première font (monospace) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 17:32, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Qui voit la différence entre ε et ɛ ? Le premier est la lettre epsilon (grec), la seconde le e ouvert (é) phonétique (IPA). En utilisant la lettre greque, on aura pas les problèmes d'affigage? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:17, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC) Effectivement, le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; et en majuscule &#x0395; &#x26;#x0395;) s'affiche correctement presque universellement. Il s'affiche même presque parfaitement avec les accents &#x03b5; avec accent aigu, circumflex, caron et grave devient &#x03b5;&#x0301; &#x03b5;&#x0302; &#x03b5;&#x030C; &#x03b5;&#x0300;. &#x03b5;&#x0301; (&#x26;#x03b5;&#x26;#x0301;) traduit à l'affichage en un seul caractère &#x03AD; (&#x03AD) qui est epsilon avec tonos, malheureusement le tonos est souvent une barre verticale et non un accent aigu. De plus le petit e ouvert latin (&#x25B; &#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) est du type latin tandis que le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; greek small letter epsilon) est du type grecque ce qui peut parfois leurs donner deux styles bien différent dans certaines fonts. Les autres caractères lingala étant eux aussi du type latin (latin small letter a, latin small open e, etc...). L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC]([ftp://ftp.eki.ee/pub/truetype/uni.pdf (pdf)]) et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] indique clairement que le latin small letter e est le bon caractère et qu'il devient Ɛ (&#x26;#x0190; latin capital letter open e). Ce qui veut dire qu'un article [[ɛlɔ́kɔ]] aura comme titre Ɛlɔ́kɔ et non Εlɔ́kɔ si on utilisait le epsilon et donc [[&#x03b5;lɔ́kɔ]]. En bref, le standard unicode définit &#x25B; (&#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) et Ɛ (&#x0190; latin capital letter open e) comme la lettre africaine. Si seulement il pouvait rajouté nos e et o ouverts avec les accents dans la table unicode pour avoir un caractère chaque fois comme pour les e,a,o,u,i plutot que des combinaisons. En attendant, il suffit d'attendre que nos programmes les affiches mieux. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == clavier lingala == J'ai fait [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala quelques claviers] dont un pour Mac OS X avec la page [http://wordherd.com/keyboards/] est-ce qu'il marche correctement? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Bombo azali moyángeli == Félicitations! == Questions == Merci Bombo, et merci pour votre travail ici. Je suis Congolais, mais j'ai vecu au dehors du pays pendant longtemps, et je prends ceci comme un challenge, pour ameliorer mes connaissances du lingala literaire - ou plutot correct, car la langue n'etant pas vraiment une langue ecrite a l'origine. Je suis desole que les traductions prennent si longtemps, mais j'y arriverai. Merci. Soit dit en passant, j'ai ajoute un certain nombre de Templates, en particulier celui de la "boite pays" (Infobox:country), mais je ne suis pas sur de comment traduire certain elements du contenu de la boite. Les autres boites que j'ai ajoutees sont "Ba Provinsi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa", "FichePresidentUS", et un certain nombre de petites adaptations necessaires pour l'accessibilite de wiki a partir d'autres langues. J'ai aussi modifié les noms de tous les pays listés dans "bisé ya mokili", selon les noms que mon pere a jugé corrects. J'ai un probleme car je ne sais pas dire Est, Ouest, Sud, et Nord en lingala (pour Afrique du Sud par exemple), et j'ai presumé que "Lisanga ya Amerika" convenait aux Etats-Unis, meme si cela signifie qu'il faudra un jour ajouter une page d'homonymie, pour la differencier de l'OEA. Soit dit en passant aussi, je ne sais pas s'il existe un moyen de dire Etat dans le sens d'etats federés (comme l'Indiana et la Californie aux USA, ou le Chihuahua et le Guadalajara au Mexique). Y'a-t-il aussi un moyen de dire "Federal", autre que "fedelali" que ma grand-mere utilise. Enfin je me demandais si Kɔ́ngɔ etait la prononciation correcte d nom du pays. Car ca a l'air d'etre plutot celle du peuple de l'Ouest du pays. Dans le parle courant, on dit plutot Kɔngɔ́. Mais je reconnais c'est un peu du a l'influence de l'intonation de la langue francaise. L'appelation correcte devrait elle donc se prononcer Kɔ́ngɔ? Je suis heureux de contribuer mes 2 centimes (expression USA) a ce projet. Natondi bino botondi! ---[[User:Themalau|Themalau]] == [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Science_pearls Science pearls] == Hi, I address you as the ambassador of your wikipedia. Please notice the above project. This project, more than other projects, will benefit from inter-wiki cooperation. Can you post a message regarding this project at your wikipedia village pump? Thanks for your help, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:APH APH from the English wiki] == ressource lingala pour l'informatique == Salut Bombo,<br/> Je viens de trouver http://www.erudit.org/revue/meta/1997/v42/n1/003313ar.pdf il y a quelques traductions que nous devrions utiliser. Comme : * bosalisi : aide * kobima : quitter, sortir * kokotisa : entrer * kobikisa : sauvegarder Nous pourrions aussi avoir plus d'infos sur la list http://groups.google.com/group/info-langues-congo ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 15:49, 13 oktobele 2005 (UTC) 8208 2006-05-23T18:51:41Z Ivo3 68 salut == traduction des menus == Salut Bombo, Je ne parle pas lingala mais j'ai un intérêt pour la langue, des origines congolaises et un dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála. Ce serait avec plaisir que je participerais au ln.wikipedia. Quelques traductions pour les liens et pages spéciales: *edit **changer - **#kobalola (retourner) **#kobóngola (retourner, transformer) **transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) **modifier - kobalusa *histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) *montrer - *#kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) *#kotálisa (indiquer) *sauver - kokósoli (?) *suivre - kolanda *discussion - Lisano *préférences - ? *contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? *accueil/mainpage - lonkásá ya liboso --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo Merci pour ces traductions. Je suis en contact avec des congolais et avec les résponsables de Wikipédia pour l'accès respectiv pour changer les menus. Merci d'y participer! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:25, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC) == accents et autres == re-Salut, Je me demandais si ce ne serait pas mieux d'utiliser les accents et les caractères spéciaux propres au lingala. De cette façon, lingala serait lingála, mboté mbɔtɛ́, etc. Il y a des avantages et des inconvénients. Le lingala étant une langue peu disponible sur l'internet, la plupart des sources n'utilisent pas ces caractères spéciaux. La littérature sur papier l'utilise presque systématiquement. L'avantage d'utiliser ces caractères est qu'ils indiquent la prononciation (classique). Le désavantage majeur est qu'il n'y a pas de méthodes d'entrée lingala disponible, et donc peu de gens les utilise. Il faudrait donc just rajouter c'est caractère speciaux dans la liste de caractères disponible à l'édition d'article. Il faudrait aussi corriger les mots actuellement présent mais sans l'orthographe classique. Personnellement je suis en faveur d'un usage classique du lingala. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo - Je suis d'accord avec les accents. Pour les caractères spéciales, c'est le problème d'affichage. J'ai vu qu sur la wikipédia alsacienne, il y a un moyen facile pour ajouter des caractères spéciales et les accent. Dès que j'ai les possibilités (mode d'administrateur), j'aime bien d'ajouter cela à la Wikipédia lingala. Il s'agit d'une ligne de lettres avec tout les caractères spéciales et lettres avec accents dans le mode éditer. En cliquant sur une lettre, elle sera écrit à l'endroit ou se trouve le curseur. Merci pour le soutien! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 02:08, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == caractères spéciaux == J'ai fait quelques essais avec un petit article sur la [[politiki|politique]] (retrouvé chez Dzokanga, auteur de Congo-Braza dans le temps communiste). Pour plus de détails sur les caractères spéciaux voir aussi [[user:moyogo]]. * affichage parfaite avec Safari 1.0.3 * affichage avec des ? avec Microsoft Explorer 5.2 ** affichage avec des erreurs avec Microsoft Explorer 6 (Windows) * affichage avec des ? avec Mozilla 1.5 * affichage avec des ? avec Firefox 1.0 ** affichage correct des caractères avec erreurs d'accents avec Firefox 1.0 (Linux) ** affichage presque parfait avec Firefox 1.0 (Windows), avec toutes les fonts installées --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage parfait avec Opera 7.54 (Linux, Windows) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage avec erreurs avec Konqueror 3.3.2 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Je suis pour les caractères spéciaux, mais à condition qu'il sont lisible. Quelle est votre expérience? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:29, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) Pour - ;) Il semble que mes erreurs sous Linux avec Firefox soient à cause d'un bug dans pango, à suivre. Pour le reste Opera affiche tout parfaitement. Konqueror a des problèmes pour presque tout les caractères spéciaux et accents spéciaux (sur mon installation Ubuntu). Il serait utile d'utilisé une font par défaut pour le wikipédia lingala. Je pense que <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium</span> (serif) ou <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode</span> (sans) sont de bonnes options et elles sont disponibles gratuitement. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Merci! J'ai verifié tes exemples sur [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et avec Microsoft Explorer 6.0.3 (Windows Server 2003), ce n'est que Lucida Sans Unicode qui affiche les caractères spéciaux correctement. Je vériferais à la maison avec Macintosh. Les accents sont toujours afiché correctement.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:24, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) A mon avis, les accents ne sont pas discutable. Pour les caractères spéciaux, il faut voir, parceque cela sert à quoi, si ce n'est que lisibles pour ceux qui ont un équipement spéciale? Est-ce que les futurs utilisateurs seront de majorité des exilés en Europe ou des Congolais dans un cyber où il devront prendre l'ordinateur tel qu'il est? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Si Lucida Sans Unicode est la font par défaut les accents et les deux caractères spéciaux vraiment problématiques (ɛ - e ouvert, et ɔ - o ouvert) devraient être affiché correctement, sauf exception. Ces deux caractères sont dans la partie IPA des tables de caractères, les pages IPA sur la majorité des wikipédia affichent en Lucida Sans Unicode par défaut. L'avantage de Lucida Sans Unicode est qu'il est déjà installé sur beaucoup de machine. On pourrait donc définir font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode","Arial Unicode MS","Code 2000",sans-serif; dans les page de style. Voila pour l'affichage. Maintenant pour l'utilisation, il faudrait voir ce que la Société Linguistique Congolaise utilise officiellement. L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] recommande l'usage de ses caractères spéciaux. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 13:26, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) J'ai jeté un coup d'oeil avec Windows, il n'y a presque pas de problème avec les fonts qui ont les caractères spéciaux. Seul Internet Explorer 6 affiche erronement en monospace et avec Default, Arial Unicode MS. Lucida Sans Unicode, Doulos SIL et Gentium fonctionne à merveille sous tous les browsers que j'ai essayer (Mozilla Firefox, Opera). Firefox indique juste les accents légerement déplacés avec la première font (monospace) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 17:32, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Qui voit la différence entre ε et ɛ ? Le premier est la lettre epsilon (grec), la seconde le e ouvert (é) phonétique (IPA). En utilisant la lettre greque, on aura pas les problèmes d'affigage? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:17, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC) Effectivement, le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; et en majuscule &#x0395; &#x26;#x0395;) s'affiche correctement presque universellement. Il s'affiche même presque parfaitement avec les accents &#x03b5; avec accent aigu, circumflex, caron et grave devient &#x03b5;&#x0301; &#x03b5;&#x0302; &#x03b5;&#x030C; &#x03b5;&#x0300;. &#x03b5;&#x0301; (&#x26;#x03b5;&#x26;#x0301;) traduit à l'affichage en un seul caractère &#x03AD; (&#x03AD) qui est epsilon avec tonos, malheureusement le tonos est souvent une barre verticale et non un accent aigu. De plus le petit e ouvert latin (&#x25B; &#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) est du type latin tandis que le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; greek small letter epsilon) est du type grecque ce qui peut parfois leurs donner deux styles bien différent dans certaines fonts. Les autres caractères lingala étant eux aussi du type latin (latin small letter a, latin small open e, etc...). L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC]([ftp://ftp.eki.ee/pub/truetype/uni.pdf (pdf)]) et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] indique clairement que le latin small letter e est le bon caractère et qu'il devient Ɛ (&#x26;#x0190; latin capital letter open e). Ce qui veut dire qu'un article [[ɛlɔ́kɔ]] aura comme titre Ɛlɔ́kɔ et non Εlɔ́kɔ si on utilisait le epsilon et donc [[&#x03b5;lɔ́kɔ]]. En bref, le standard unicode définit &#x25B; (&#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) et Ɛ (&#x0190; latin capital letter open e) comme la lettre africaine. Si seulement il pouvait rajouté nos e et o ouverts avec les accents dans la table unicode pour avoir un caractère chaque fois comme pour les e,a,o,u,i plutot que des combinaisons. En attendant, il suffit d'attendre que nos programmes les affiches mieux. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == clavier lingala == J'ai fait [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala quelques claviers] dont un pour Mac OS X avec la page [http://wordherd.com/keyboards/] est-ce qu'il marche correctement? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Bombo azali moyángeli == Félicitations! == Questions == Merci Bombo, et merci pour votre travail ici. Je suis Congolais, mais j'ai vecu au dehors du pays pendant longtemps, et je prends ceci comme un challenge, pour ameliorer mes connaissances du lingala literaire - ou plutot correct, car la langue n'etant pas vraiment une langue ecrite a l'origine. Je suis desole que les traductions prennent si longtemps, mais j'y arriverai. Merci. Soit dit en passant, j'ai ajoute un certain nombre de Templates, en particulier celui de la "boite pays" (Infobox:country), mais je ne suis pas sur de comment traduire certain elements du contenu de la boite. Les autres boites que j'ai ajoutees sont "Ba Provinsi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa", "FichePresidentUS", et un certain nombre de petites adaptations necessaires pour l'accessibilite de wiki a partir d'autres langues. J'ai aussi modifié les noms de tous les pays listés dans "bisé ya mokili", selon les noms que mon pere a jugé corrects. J'ai un probleme car je ne sais pas dire Est, Ouest, Sud, et Nord en lingala (pour Afrique du Sud par exemple), et j'ai presumé que "Lisanga ya Amerika" convenait aux Etats-Unis, meme si cela signifie qu'il faudra un jour ajouter une page d'homonymie, pour la differencier de l'OEA. Soit dit en passant aussi, je ne sais pas s'il existe un moyen de dire Etat dans le sens d'etats federés (comme l'Indiana et la Californie aux USA, ou le Chihuahua et le Guadalajara au Mexique). Y'a-t-il aussi un moyen de dire "Federal", autre que "fedelali" que ma grand-mere utilise. Enfin je me demandais si Kɔ́ngɔ etait la prononciation correcte d nom du pays. Car ca a l'air d'etre plutot celle du peuple de l'Ouest du pays. Dans le parle courant, on dit plutot Kɔngɔ́. Mais je reconnais c'est un peu du a l'influence de l'intonation de la langue francaise. L'appelation correcte devrait elle donc se prononcer Kɔ́ngɔ? Je suis heureux de contribuer mes 2 centimes (expression USA) a ce projet. Natondi bino botondi! ---[[User:Themalau|Themalau]] == [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Science_pearls Science pearls] == Hi, I address you as the ambassador of your wikipedia. Please notice the above project. This project, more than other projects, will benefit from inter-wiki cooperation. Can you post a message regarding this project at your wikipedia village pump? Thanks for your help, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:APH APH from the English wiki] == ressource lingala pour l'informatique == Salut Bombo,<br/> Je viens de trouver http://www.erudit.org/revue/meta/1997/v42/n1/003313ar.pdf il y a quelques traductions que nous devrions utiliser. Comme : * bosalisi : aide * kobima : quitter, sortir * kokotisa : entrer * kobikisa : sauvegarder Nous pourrions aussi avoir plus d'infos sur la list http://groups.google.com/group/info-langues-congo ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 15:49, 13 oktobele 2005 (UTC) == salut == Bombo. j'ai vu les modifications que tu as apporte dans rubrique de chimie. merci beaucoup et je vois que mes formes ont ete acceptees. j'ai des probleme avec les accents donc... merci pour tout, a toi et a Moyogo. de Ivo3 8209 2006-05-23T18:53:25Z Ivo3 68 /* salut */ == traduction des menus == Salut Bombo, Je ne parle pas lingala mais j'ai un intérêt pour la langue, des origines congolaises et un dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála. Ce serait avec plaisir que je participerais au ln.wikipedia. Quelques traductions pour les liens et pages spéciales: *edit **changer - **#kobalola (retourner) **#kobóngola (retourner, transformer) **transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) **modifier - kobalusa *histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) *montrer - *#kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) *#kotálisa (indiquer) *sauver - kokósoli (?) *suivre - kolanda *discussion - Lisano *préférences - ? *contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? *accueil/mainpage - lonkásá ya liboso --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo Merci pour ces traductions. Je suis en contact avec des congolais et avec les résponsables de Wikipédia pour l'accès respectiv pour changer les menus. Merci d'y participer! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:25, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC) == accents et autres == re-Salut, Je me demandais si ce ne serait pas mieux d'utiliser les accents et les caractères spéciaux propres au lingala. De cette façon, lingala serait lingála, mboté mbɔtɛ́, etc. Il y a des avantages et des inconvénients. Le lingala étant une langue peu disponible sur l'internet, la plupart des sources n'utilisent pas ces caractères spéciaux. La littérature sur papier l'utilise presque systématiquement. L'avantage d'utiliser ces caractères est qu'ils indiquent la prononciation (classique). Le désavantage majeur est qu'il n'y a pas de méthodes d'entrée lingala disponible, et donc peu de gens les utilise. Il faudrait donc just rajouter c'est caractère speciaux dans la liste de caractères disponible à l'édition d'article. Il faudrait aussi corriger les mots actuellement présent mais sans l'orthographe classique. Personnellement je suis en faveur d'un usage classique du lingala. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo - Je suis d'accord avec les accents. Pour les caractères spéciales, c'est le problème d'affichage. J'ai vu qu sur la wikipédia alsacienne, il y a un moyen facile pour ajouter des caractères spéciales et les accent. Dès que j'ai les possibilités (mode d'administrateur), j'aime bien d'ajouter cela à la Wikipédia lingala. Il s'agit d'une ligne de lettres avec tout les caractères spéciales et lettres avec accents dans le mode éditer. En cliquant sur une lettre, elle sera écrit à l'endroit ou se trouve le curseur. Merci pour le soutien! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 02:08, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == caractères spéciaux == J'ai fait quelques essais avec un petit article sur la [[politiki|politique]] (retrouvé chez Dzokanga, auteur de Congo-Braza dans le temps communiste). Pour plus de détails sur les caractères spéciaux voir aussi [[user:moyogo]]. * affichage parfaite avec Safari 1.0.3 * affichage avec des ? avec Microsoft Explorer 5.2 ** affichage avec des erreurs avec Microsoft Explorer 6 (Windows) * affichage avec des ? avec Mozilla 1.5 * affichage avec des ? avec Firefox 1.0 ** affichage correct des caractères avec erreurs d'accents avec Firefox 1.0 (Linux) ** affichage presque parfait avec Firefox 1.0 (Windows), avec toutes les fonts installées --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage parfait avec Opera 7.54 (Linux, Windows) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage avec erreurs avec Konqueror 3.3.2 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Je suis pour les caractères spéciaux, mais à condition qu'il sont lisible. Quelle est votre expérience? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:29, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) Pour - ;) Il semble que mes erreurs sous Linux avec Firefox soient à cause d'un bug dans pango, à suivre. Pour le reste Opera affiche tout parfaitement. Konqueror a des problèmes pour presque tout les caractères spéciaux et accents spéciaux (sur mon installation Ubuntu). Il serait utile d'utilisé une font par défaut pour le wikipédia lingala. Je pense que <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium</span> (serif) ou <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode</span> (sans) sont de bonnes options et elles sont disponibles gratuitement. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Merci! J'ai verifié tes exemples sur [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et avec Microsoft Explorer 6.0.3 (Windows Server 2003), ce n'est que Lucida Sans Unicode qui affiche les caractères spéciaux correctement. Je vériferais à la maison avec Macintosh. Les accents sont toujours afiché correctement.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:24, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) A mon avis, les accents ne sont pas discutable. Pour les caractères spéciaux, il faut voir, parceque cela sert à quoi, si ce n'est que lisibles pour ceux qui ont un équipement spéciale? Est-ce que les futurs utilisateurs seront de majorité des exilés en Europe ou des Congolais dans un cyber où il devront prendre l'ordinateur tel qu'il est? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Si Lucida Sans Unicode est la font par défaut les accents et les deux caractères spéciaux vraiment problématiques (ɛ - e ouvert, et ɔ - o ouvert) devraient être affiché correctement, sauf exception. Ces deux caractères sont dans la partie IPA des tables de caractères, les pages IPA sur la majorité des wikipédia affichent en Lucida Sans Unicode par défaut. L'avantage de Lucida Sans Unicode est qu'il est déjà installé sur beaucoup de machine. On pourrait donc définir font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode","Arial Unicode MS","Code 2000",sans-serif; dans les page de style. Voila pour l'affichage. Maintenant pour l'utilisation, il faudrait voir ce que la Société Linguistique Congolaise utilise officiellement. L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] recommande l'usage de ses caractères spéciaux. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 13:26, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) J'ai jeté un coup d'oeil avec Windows, il n'y a presque pas de problème avec les fonts qui ont les caractères spéciaux. Seul Internet Explorer 6 affiche erronement en monospace et avec Default, Arial Unicode MS. Lucida Sans Unicode, Doulos SIL et Gentium fonctionne à merveille sous tous les browsers que j'ai essayer (Mozilla Firefox, Opera). Firefox indique juste les accents légerement déplacés avec la première font (monospace) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 17:32, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Qui voit la différence entre ε et ɛ ? Le premier est la lettre epsilon (grec), la seconde le e ouvert (é) phonétique (IPA). En utilisant la lettre greque, on aura pas les problèmes d'affigage? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:17, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC) Effectivement, le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; et en majuscule &#x0395; &#x26;#x0395;) s'affiche correctement presque universellement. Il s'affiche même presque parfaitement avec les accents &#x03b5; avec accent aigu, circumflex, caron et grave devient &#x03b5;&#x0301; &#x03b5;&#x0302; &#x03b5;&#x030C; &#x03b5;&#x0300;. &#x03b5;&#x0301; (&#x26;#x03b5;&#x26;#x0301;) traduit à l'affichage en un seul caractère &#x03AD; (&#x03AD) qui est epsilon avec tonos, malheureusement le tonos est souvent une barre verticale et non un accent aigu. De plus le petit e ouvert latin (&#x25B; &#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) est du type latin tandis que le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; greek small letter epsilon) est du type grecque ce qui peut parfois leurs donner deux styles bien différent dans certaines fonts. Les autres caractères lingala étant eux aussi du type latin (latin small letter a, latin small open e, etc...). L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC]([ftp://ftp.eki.ee/pub/truetype/uni.pdf (pdf)]) et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] indique clairement que le latin small letter e est le bon caractère et qu'il devient Ɛ (&#x26;#x0190; latin capital letter open e). Ce qui veut dire qu'un article [[ɛlɔ́kɔ]] aura comme titre Ɛlɔ́kɔ et non Εlɔ́kɔ si on utilisait le epsilon et donc [[&#x03b5;lɔ́kɔ]]. En bref, le standard unicode définit &#x25B; (&#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) et Ɛ (&#x0190; latin capital letter open e) comme la lettre africaine. Si seulement il pouvait rajouté nos e et o ouverts avec les accents dans la table unicode pour avoir un caractère chaque fois comme pour les e,a,o,u,i plutot que des combinaisons. En attendant, il suffit d'attendre que nos programmes les affiches mieux. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == clavier lingala == J'ai fait [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala quelques claviers] dont un pour Mac OS X avec la page [http://wordherd.com/keyboards/] est-ce qu'il marche correctement? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Bombo azali moyángeli == Félicitations! == Questions == Merci Bombo, et merci pour votre travail ici. Je suis Congolais, mais j'ai vecu au dehors du pays pendant longtemps, et je prends ceci comme un challenge, pour ameliorer mes connaissances du lingala literaire - ou plutot correct, car la langue n'etant pas vraiment une langue ecrite a l'origine. Je suis desole que les traductions prennent si longtemps, mais j'y arriverai. Merci. Soit dit en passant, j'ai ajoute un certain nombre de Templates, en particulier celui de la "boite pays" (Infobox:country), mais je ne suis pas sur de comment traduire certain elements du contenu de la boite. Les autres boites que j'ai ajoutees sont "Ba Provinsi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa", "FichePresidentUS", et un certain nombre de petites adaptations necessaires pour l'accessibilite de wiki a partir d'autres langues. J'ai aussi modifié les noms de tous les pays listés dans "bisé ya mokili", selon les noms que mon pere a jugé corrects. J'ai un probleme car je ne sais pas dire Est, Ouest, Sud, et Nord en lingala (pour Afrique du Sud par exemple), et j'ai presumé que "Lisanga ya Amerika" convenait aux Etats-Unis, meme si cela signifie qu'il faudra un jour ajouter une page d'homonymie, pour la differencier de l'OEA. Soit dit en passant aussi, je ne sais pas s'il existe un moyen de dire Etat dans le sens d'etats federés (comme l'Indiana et la Californie aux USA, ou le Chihuahua et le Guadalajara au Mexique). Y'a-t-il aussi un moyen de dire "Federal", autre que "fedelali" que ma grand-mere utilise. Enfin je me demandais si Kɔ́ngɔ etait la prononciation correcte d nom du pays. Car ca a l'air d'etre plutot celle du peuple de l'Ouest du pays. Dans le parle courant, on dit plutot Kɔngɔ́. Mais je reconnais c'est un peu du a l'influence de l'intonation de la langue francaise. L'appelation correcte devrait elle donc se prononcer Kɔ́ngɔ? Je suis heureux de contribuer mes 2 centimes (expression USA) a ce projet. Natondi bino botondi! ---[[User:Themalau|Themalau]] == [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Science_pearls Science pearls] == Hi, I address you as the ambassador of your wikipedia. Please notice the above project. This project, more than other projects, will benefit from inter-wiki cooperation. Can you post a message regarding this project at your wikipedia village pump? Thanks for your help, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:APH APH from the English wiki] == ressource lingala pour l'informatique == Salut Bombo,<br/> Je viens de trouver http://www.erudit.org/revue/meta/1997/v42/n1/003313ar.pdf il y a quelques traductions que nous devrions utiliser. Comme : * bosalisi : aide * kobima : quitter, sortir * kokotisa : entrer * kobikisa : sauvegarder Nous pourrions aussi avoir plus d'infos sur la list http://groups.google.com/group/info-langues-congo ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 15:49, 13 oktobele 2005 (UTC) == salut == Bombo. j'ai vu les modifications que tu as apporte dans rubrique de chimie. merci beaucoup et je vois que mes formes ont ete acceptees. j'ai des probleme avec les accents donc... merci pour tout, a toi et a Moyogo. [[user:Ivo3]] 8210 2006-05-23T18:55:08Z Ivo3 68 /* salut */ == traduction des menus == Salut Bombo, Je ne parle pas lingala mais j'ai un intérêt pour la langue, des origines congolaises et un dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála. Ce serait avec plaisir que je participerais au ln.wikipedia. Quelques traductions pour les liens et pages spéciales: *edit **changer - **#kobalola (retourner) **#kobóngola (retourner, transformer) **transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) **modifier - kobalusa *histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) *montrer - *#kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) *#kotálisa (indiquer) *sauver - kokósoli (?) *suivre - kolanda *discussion - Lisano *préférences - ? *contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? *accueil/mainpage - lonkásá ya liboso --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo Merci pour ces traductions. Je suis en contact avec des congolais et avec les résponsables de Wikipédia pour l'accès respectiv pour changer les menus. Merci d'y participer! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:25, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC) == accents et autres == re-Salut, Je me demandais si ce ne serait pas mieux d'utiliser les accents et les caractères spéciaux propres au lingala. De cette façon, lingala serait lingála, mboté mbɔtɛ́, etc. Il y a des avantages et des inconvénients. Le lingala étant une langue peu disponible sur l'internet, la plupart des sources n'utilisent pas ces caractères spéciaux. La littérature sur papier l'utilise presque systématiquement. L'avantage d'utiliser ces caractères est qu'ils indiquent la prononciation (classique). Le désavantage majeur est qu'il n'y a pas de méthodes d'entrée lingala disponible, et donc peu de gens les utilise. Il faudrait donc just rajouter c'est caractère speciaux dans la liste de caractères disponible à l'édition d'article. Il faudrait aussi corriger les mots actuellement présent mais sans l'orthographe classique. Personnellement je suis en faveur d'un usage classique du lingala. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo - Je suis d'accord avec les accents. Pour les caractères spéciales, c'est le problème d'affichage. J'ai vu qu sur la wikipédia alsacienne, il y a un moyen facile pour ajouter des caractères spéciales et les accent. Dès que j'ai les possibilités (mode d'administrateur), j'aime bien d'ajouter cela à la Wikipédia lingala. Il s'agit d'une ligne de lettres avec tout les caractères spéciales et lettres avec accents dans le mode éditer. En cliquant sur une lettre, elle sera écrit à l'endroit ou se trouve le curseur. Merci pour le soutien! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 02:08, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == caractères spéciaux == J'ai fait quelques essais avec un petit article sur la [[politiki|politique]] (retrouvé chez Dzokanga, auteur de Congo-Braza dans le temps communiste). Pour plus de détails sur les caractères spéciaux voir aussi [[user:moyogo]]. * affichage parfaite avec Safari 1.0.3 * affichage avec des ? avec Microsoft Explorer 5.2 ** affichage avec des erreurs avec Microsoft Explorer 6 (Windows) * affichage avec des ? avec Mozilla 1.5 * affichage avec des ? avec Firefox 1.0 ** affichage correct des caractères avec erreurs d'accents avec Firefox 1.0 (Linux) ** affichage presque parfait avec Firefox 1.0 (Windows), avec toutes les fonts installées --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage parfait avec Opera 7.54 (Linux, Windows) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage avec erreurs avec Konqueror 3.3.2 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Je suis pour les caractères spéciaux, mais à condition qu'il sont lisible. Quelle est votre expérience? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:29, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) Pour - ;) Il semble que mes erreurs sous Linux avec Firefox soient à cause d'un bug dans pango, à suivre. Pour le reste Opera affiche tout parfaitement. Konqueror a des problèmes pour presque tout les caractères spéciaux et accents spéciaux (sur mon installation Ubuntu). Il serait utile d'utilisé une font par défaut pour le wikipédia lingala. Je pense que <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium</span> (serif) ou <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode</span> (sans) sont de bonnes options et elles sont disponibles gratuitement. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Merci! J'ai verifié tes exemples sur [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et avec Microsoft Explorer 6.0.3 (Windows Server 2003), ce n'est que Lucida Sans Unicode qui affiche les caractères spéciaux correctement. Je vériferais à la maison avec Macintosh. Les accents sont toujours afiché correctement.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:24, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) A mon avis, les accents ne sont pas discutable. Pour les caractères spéciaux, il faut voir, parceque cela sert à quoi, si ce n'est que lisibles pour ceux qui ont un équipement spéciale? Est-ce que les futurs utilisateurs seront de majorité des exilés en Europe ou des Congolais dans un cyber où il devront prendre l'ordinateur tel qu'il est? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Si Lucida Sans Unicode est la font par défaut les accents et les deux caractères spéciaux vraiment problématiques (ɛ - e ouvert, et ɔ - o ouvert) devraient être affiché correctement, sauf exception. Ces deux caractères sont dans la partie IPA des tables de caractères, les pages IPA sur la majorité des wikipédia affichent en Lucida Sans Unicode par défaut. L'avantage de Lucida Sans Unicode est qu'il est déjà installé sur beaucoup de machine. On pourrait donc définir font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode","Arial Unicode MS","Code 2000",sans-serif; dans les page de style. Voila pour l'affichage. Maintenant pour l'utilisation, il faudrait voir ce que la Société Linguistique Congolaise utilise officiellement. L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] recommande l'usage de ses caractères spéciaux. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 13:26, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) J'ai jeté un coup d'oeil avec Windows, il n'y a presque pas de problème avec les fonts qui ont les caractères spéciaux. Seul Internet Explorer 6 affiche erronement en monospace et avec Default, Arial Unicode MS. Lucida Sans Unicode, Doulos SIL et Gentium fonctionne à merveille sous tous les browsers que j'ai essayer (Mozilla Firefox, Opera). Firefox indique juste les accents légerement déplacés avec la première font (monospace) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 17:32, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Qui voit la différence entre ε et ɛ ? Le premier est la lettre epsilon (grec), la seconde le e ouvert (é) phonétique (IPA). En utilisant la lettre greque, on aura pas les problèmes d'affigage? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:17, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC) Effectivement, le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; et en majuscule &#x0395; &#x26;#x0395;) s'affiche correctement presque universellement. Il s'affiche même presque parfaitement avec les accents &#x03b5; avec accent aigu, circumflex, caron et grave devient &#x03b5;&#x0301; &#x03b5;&#x0302; &#x03b5;&#x030C; &#x03b5;&#x0300;. &#x03b5;&#x0301; (&#x26;#x03b5;&#x26;#x0301;) traduit à l'affichage en un seul caractère &#x03AD; (&#x03AD) qui est epsilon avec tonos, malheureusement le tonos est souvent une barre verticale et non un accent aigu. De plus le petit e ouvert latin (&#x25B; &#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) est du type latin tandis que le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; greek small letter epsilon) est du type grecque ce qui peut parfois leurs donner deux styles bien différent dans certaines fonts. Les autres caractères lingala étant eux aussi du type latin (latin small letter a, latin small open e, etc...). L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC]([ftp://ftp.eki.ee/pub/truetype/uni.pdf (pdf)]) et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] indique clairement que le latin small letter e est le bon caractère et qu'il devient Ɛ (&#x26;#x0190; latin capital letter open e). Ce qui veut dire qu'un article [[ɛlɔ́kɔ]] aura comme titre Ɛlɔ́kɔ et non Εlɔ́kɔ si on utilisait le epsilon et donc [[&#x03b5;lɔ́kɔ]]. En bref, le standard unicode définit &#x25B; (&#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) et Ɛ (&#x0190; latin capital letter open e) comme la lettre africaine. Si seulement il pouvait rajouté nos e et o ouverts avec les accents dans la table unicode pour avoir un caractère chaque fois comme pour les e,a,o,u,i plutot que des combinaisons. En attendant, il suffit d'attendre que nos programmes les affiches mieux. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == clavier lingala == J'ai fait [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala quelques claviers] dont un pour Mac OS X avec la page [http://wordherd.com/keyboards/] est-ce qu'il marche correctement? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Bombo azali moyángeli == Félicitations! == Questions == Merci Bombo, et merci pour votre travail ici. Je suis Congolais, mais j'ai vecu au dehors du pays pendant longtemps, et je prends ceci comme un challenge, pour ameliorer mes connaissances du lingala literaire - ou plutot correct, car la langue n'etant pas vraiment une langue ecrite a l'origine. Je suis desole que les traductions prennent si longtemps, mais j'y arriverai. Merci. Soit dit en passant, j'ai ajoute un certain nombre de Templates, en particulier celui de la "boite pays" (Infobox:country), mais je ne suis pas sur de comment traduire certain elements du contenu de la boite. Les autres boites que j'ai ajoutees sont "Ba Provinsi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa", "FichePresidentUS", et un certain nombre de petites adaptations necessaires pour l'accessibilite de wiki a partir d'autres langues. J'ai aussi modifié les noms de tous les pays listés dans "bisé ya mokili", selon les noms que mon pere a jugé corrects. J'ai un probleme car je ne sais pas dire Est, Ouest, Sud, et Nord en lingala (pour Afrique du Sud par exemple), et j'ai presumé que "Lisanga ya Amerika" convenait aux Etats-Unis, meme si cela signifie qu'il faudra un jour ajouter une page d'homonymie, pour la differencier de l'OEA. Soit dit en passant aussi, je ne sais pas s'il existe un moyen de dire Etat dans le sens d'etats federés (comme l'Indiana et la Californie aux USA, ou le Chihuahua et le Guadalajara au Mexique). Y'a-t-il aussi un moyen de dire "Federal", autre que "fedelali" que ma grand-mere utilise. Enfin je me demandais si Kɔ́ngɔ etait la prononciation correcte d nom du pays. Car ca a l'air d'etre plutot celle du peuple de l'Ouest du pays. Dans le parle courant, on dit plutot Kɔngɔ́. Mais je reconnais c'est un peu du a l'influence de l'intonation de la langue francaise. L'appelation correcte devrait elle donc se prononcer Kɔ́ngɔ? Je suis heureux de contribuer mes 2 centimes (expression USA) a ce projet. Natondi bino botondi! ---[[User:Themalau|Themalau]] == [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Science_pearls Science pearls] == Hi, I address you as the ambassador of your wikipedia. Please notice the above project. This project, more than other projects, will benefit from inter-wiki cooperation. Can you post a message regarding this project at your wikipedia village pump? Thanks for your help, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:APH APH from the English wiki] == ressource lingala pour l'informatique == Salut Bombo,<br/> Je viens de trouver http://www.erudit.org/revue/meta/1997/v42/n1/003313ar.pdf il y a quelques traductions que nous devrions utiliser. Comme : * bosalisi : aide * kobima : quitter, sortir * kokotisa : entrer * kobikisa : sauvegarder Nous pourrions aussi avoir plus d'infos sur la list http://groups.google.com/group/info-langues-congo ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 15:49, 13 oktobele 2005 (UTC) == salut == Bombo. j'ai vu les modifications que tu as apporte dans rubrique de chimie. merci beaucoup et je vois que mes formes ont ete acceptees. j'ai des probleme avec les accents donc... merci pour tout, a toi et a Moyogo. de Ivo3 8212 2006-05-23T18:59:44Z Ivo3 68 /* salut */ == traduction des menus == Salut Bombo, Je ne parle pas lingala mais j'ai un intérêt pour la langue, des origines congolaises et un dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála. Ce serait avec plaisir que je participerais au ln.wikipedia. Quelques traductions pour les liens et pages spéciales: *edit **changer - **#kobalola (retourner) **#kobóngola (retourner, transformer) **transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) **modifier - kobalusa *histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) *montrer - *#kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) *#kotálisa (indiquer) *sauver - kokósoli (?) *suivre - kolanda *discussion - Lisano *préférences - ? *contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? *accueil/mainpage - lonkásá ya liboso --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo Merci pour ces traductions. Je suis en contact avec des congolais et avec les résponsables de Wikipédia pour l'accès respectiv pour changer les menus. Merci d'y participer! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:25, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC) == accents et autres == re-Salut, Je me demandais si ce ne serait pas mieux d'utiliser les accents et les caractères spéciaux propres au lingala. De cette façon, lingala serait lingála, mboté mbɔtɛ́, etc. Il y a des avantages et des inconvénients. Le lingala étant une langue peu disponible sur l'internet, la plupart des sources n'utilisent pas ces caractères spéciaux. La littérature sur papier l'utilise presque systématiquement. L'avantage d'utiliser ces caractères est qu'ils indiquent la prononciation (classique). Le désavantage majeur est qu'il n'y a pas de méthodes d'entrée lingala disponible, et donc peu de gens les utilise. Il faudrait donc just rajouter c'est caractère speciaux dans la liste de caractères disponible à l'édition d'article. Il faudrait aussi corriger les mots actuellement présent mais sans l'orthographe classique. Personnellement je suis en faveur d'un usage classique du lingala. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo - Je suis d'accord avec les accents. Pour les caractères spéciales, c'est le problème d'affichage. J'ai vu qu sur la wikipédia alsacienne, il y a un moyen facile pour ajouter des caractères spéciales et les accent. Dès que j'ai les possibilités (mode d'administrateur), j'aime bien d'ajouter cela à la Wikipédia lingala. Il s'agit d'une ligne de lettres avec tout les caractères spéciales et lettres avec accents dans le mode éditer. En cliquant sur une lettre, elle sera écrit à l'endroit ou se trouve le curseur. Merci pour le soutien! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 02:08, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == caractères spéciaux == J'ai fait quelques essais avec un petit article sur la [[politiki|politique]] (retrouvé chez Dzokanga, auteur de Congo-Braza dans le temps communiste). Pour plus de détails sur les caractères spéciaux voir aussi [[user:moyogo]]. * affichage parfaite avec Safari 1.0.3 * affichage avec des ? avec Microsoft Explorer 5.2 ** affichage avec des erreurs avec Microsoft Explorer 6 (Windows) * affichage avec des ? avec Mozilla 1.5 * affichage avec des ? avec Firefox 1.0 ** affichage correct des caractères avec erreurs d'accents avec Firefox 1.0 (Linux) ** affichage presque parfait avec Firefox 1.0 (Windows), avec toutes les fonts installées --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage parfait avec Opera 7.54 (Linux, Windows) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage avec erreurs avec Konqueror 3.3.2 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Je suis pour les caractères spéciaux, mais à condition qu'il sont lisible. Quelle est votre expérience? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:29, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) Pour - ;) Il semble que mes erreurs sous Linux avec Firefox soient à cause d'un bug dans pango, à suivre. Pour le reste Opera affiche tout parfaitement. Konqueror a des problèmes pour presque tout les caractères spéciaux et accents spéciaux (sur mon installation Ubuntu). Il serait utile d'utilisé une font par défaut pour le wikipédia lingala. Je pense que <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium</span> (serif) ou <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode</span> (sans) sont de bonnes options et elles sont disponibles gratuitement. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Merci! J'ai verifié tes exemples sur [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et avec Microsoft Explorer 6.0.3 (Windows Server 2003), ce n'est que Lucida Sans Unicode qui affiche les caractères spéciaux correctement. Je vériferais à la maison avec Macintosh. Les accents sont toujours afiché correctement.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:24, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) A mon avis, les accents ne sont pas discutable. Pour les caractères spéciaux, il faut voir, parceque cela sert à quoi, si ce n'est que lisibles pour ceux qui ont un équipement spéciale? Est-ce que les futurs utilisateurs seront de majorité des exilés en Europe ou des Congolais dans un cyber où il devront prendre l'ordinateur tel qu'il est? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Si Lucida Sans Unicode est la font par défaut les accents et les deux caractères spéciaux vraiment problématiques (ɛ - e ouvert, et ɔ - o ouvert) devraient être affiché correctement, sauf exception. Ces deux caractères sont dans la partie IPA des tables de caractères, les pages IPA sur la majorité des wikipédia affichent en Lucida Sans Unicode par défaut. L'avantage de Lucida Sans Unicode est qu'il est déjà installé sur beaucoup de machine. On pourrait donc définir font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode","Arial Unicode MS","Code 2000",sans-serif; dans les page de style. Voila pour l'affichage. Maintenant pour l'utilisation, il faudrait voir ce que la Société Linguistique Congolaise utilise officiellement. L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] recommande l'usage de ses caractères spéciaux. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 13:26, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) J'ai jeté un coup d'oeil avec Windows, il n'y a presque pas de problème avec les fonts qui ont les caractères spéciaux. Seul Internet Explorer 6 affiche erronement en monospace et avec Default, Arial Unicode MS. Lucida Sans Unicode, Doulos SIL et Gentium fonctionne à merveille sous tous les browsers que j'ai essayer (Mozilla Firefox, Opera). Firefox indique juste les accents légerement déplacés avec la première font (monospace) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 17:32, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Qui voit la différence entre ε et ɛ ? Le premier est la lettre epsilon (grec), la seconde le e ouvert (é) phonétique (IPA). En utilisant la lettre greque, on aura pas les problèmes d'affigage? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:17, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC) Effectivement, le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; et en majuscule &#x0395; &#x26;#x0395;) s'affiche correctement presque universellement. Il s'affiche même presque parfaitement avec les accents &#x03b5; avec accent aigu, circumflex, caron et grave devient &#x03b5;&#x0301; &#x03b5;&#x0302; &#x03b5;&#x030C; &#x03b5;&#x0300;. &#x03b5;&#x0301; (&#x26;#x03b5;&#x26;#x0301;) traduit à l'affichage en un seul caractère &#x03AD; (&#x03AD) qui est epsilon avec tonos, malheureusement le tonos est souvent une barre verticale et non un accent aigu. De plus le petit e ouvert latin (&#x25B; &#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) est du type latin tandis que le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; greek small letter epsilon) est du type grecque ce qui peut parfois leurs donner deux styles bien différent dans certaines fonts. Les autres caractères lingala étant eux aussi du type latin (latin small letter a, latin small open e, etc...). L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC]([ftp://ftp.eki.ee/pub/truetype/uni.pdf (pdf)]) et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] indique clairement que le latin small letter e est le bon caractère et qu'il devient Ɛ (&#x26;#x0190; latin capital letter open e). Ce qui veut dire qu'un article [[ɛlɔ́kɔ]] aura comme titre Ɛlɔ́kɔ et non Εlɔ́kɔ si on utilisait le epsilon et donc [[&#x03b5;lɔ́kɔ]]. En bref, le standard unicode définit &#x25B; (&#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) et Ɛ (&#x0190; latin capital letter open e) comme la lettre africaine. Si seulement il pouvait rajouté nos e et o ouverts avec les accents dans la table unicode pour avoir un caractère chaque fois comme pour les e,a,o,u,i plutot que des combinaisons. En attendant, il suffit d'attendre que nos programmes les affiches mieux. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == clavier lingala == J'ai fait [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala quelques claviers] dont un pour Mac OS X avec la page [http://wordherd.com/keyboards/] est-ce qu'il marche correctement? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Bombo azali moyángeli == Félicitations! == Questions == Merci Bombo, et merci pour votre travail ici. Je suis Congolais, mais j'ai vecu au dehors du pays pendant longtemps, et je prends ceci comme un challenge, pour ameliorer mes connaissances du lingala literaire - ou plutot correct, car la langue n'etant pas vraiment une langue ecrite a l'origine. Je suis desole que les traductions prennent si longtemps, mais j'y arriverai. Merci. Soit dit en passant, j'ai ajoute un certain nombre de Templates, en particulier celui de la "boite pays" (Infobox:country), mais je ne suis pas sur de comment traduire certain elements du contenu de la boite. Les autres boites que j'ai ajoutees sont "Ba Provinsi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa", "FichePresidentUS", et un certain nombre de petites adaptations necessaires pour l'accessibilite de wiki a partir d'autres langues. J'ai aussi modifié les noms de tous les pays listés dans "bisé ya mokili", selon les noms que mon pere a jugé corrects. J'ai un probleme car je ne sais pas dire Est, Ouest, Sud, et Nord en lingala (pour Afrique du Sud par exemple), et j'ai presumé que "Lisanga ya Amerika" convenait aux Etats-Unis, meme si cela signifie qu'il faudra un jour ajouter une page d'homonymie, pour la differencier de l'OEA. Soit dit en passant aussi, je ne sais pas s'il existe un moyen de dire Etat dans le sens d'etats federés (comme l'Indiana et la Californie aux USA, ou le Chihuahua et le Guadalajara au Mexique). Y'a-t-il aussi un moyen de dire "Federal", autre que "fedelali" que ma grand-mere utilise. Enfin je me demandais si Kɔ́ngɔ etait la prononciation correcte d nom du pays. Car ca a l'air d'etre plutot celle du peuple de l'Ouest du pays. Dans le parle courant, on dit plutot Kɔngɔ́. Mais je reconnais c'est un peu du a l'influence de l'intonation de la langue francaise. L'appelation correcte devrait elle donc se prononcer Kɔ́ngɔ? Je suis heureux de contribuer mes 2 centimes (expression USA) a ce projet. Natondi bino botondi! ---[[User:Themalau|Themalau]] == [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Science_pearls Science pearls] == Hi, I address you as the ambassador of your wikipedia. Please notice the above project. This project, more than other projects, will benefit from inter-wiki cooperation. Can you post a message regarding this project at your wikipedia village pump? Thanks for your help, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:APH APH from the English wiki] == ressource lingala pour l'informatique == Salut Bombo,<br/> Je viens de trouver http://www.erudit.org/revue/meta/1997/v42/n1/003313ar.pdf il y a quelques traductions que nous devrions utiliser. Comme : * bosalisi : aide * kobima : quitter, sortir * kokotisa : entrer * kobikisa : sauvegarder Nous pourrions aussi avoir plus d'infos sur la list http://groups.google.com/group/info-langues-congo ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 15:49, 13 oktobele 2005 (UTC) == salut == Bombo. j'ai vu les modifications que tu as apporte dans rubrique de chimie. merci beaucoup et je vois que mes formes ont ete acceptees. j'ai des probleme avec les accents donc... merci pour tout, a toi et a Moyogo. de Ivo3 ---[[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] 8453 2006-06-16T19:25:29Z Samyra008 71 Melesi mingi == traduction des menus == Salut Bombo, Je ne parle pas lingala mais j'ai un intérêt pour la langue, des origines congolaises et un dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála. Ce serait avec plaisir que je participerais au ln.wikipedia. Quelques traductions pour les liens et pages spéciales: *edit **changer - **#kobalola (retourner) **#kobóngola (retourner, transformer) **transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) **modifier - kobalusa *histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) *montrer - *#kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) *#kotálisa (indiquer) *sauver - kokósoli (?) *suivre - kolanda *discussion - Lisano *préférences - ? *contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? *accueil/mainpage - lonkásá ya liboso --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo Merci pour ces traductions. Je suis en contact avec des congolais et avec les résponsables de Wikipédia pour l'accès respectiv pour changer les menus. Merci d'y participer! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:25, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC) == accents et autres == re-Salut, Je me demandais si ce ne serait pas mieux d'utiliser les accents et les caractères spéciaux propres au lingala. De cette façon, lingala serait lingála, mboté mbɔtɛ́, etc. Il y a des avantages et des inconvénients. Le lingala étant une langue peu disponible sur l'internet, la plupart des sources n'utilisent pas ces caractères spéciaux. La littérature sur papier l'utilise presque systématiquement. L'avantage d'utiliser ces caractères est qu'ils indiquent la prononciation (classique). Le désavantage majeur est qu'il n'y a pas de méthodes d'entrée lingala disponible, et donc peu de gens les utilise. Il faudrait donc just rajouter c'est caractère speciaux dans la liste de caractères disponible à l'édition d'article. Il faudrait aussi corriger les mots actuellement présent mais sans l'orthographe classique. Personnellement je suis en faveur d'un usage classique du lingala. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo - Je suis d'accord avec les accents. Pour les caractères spéciales, c'est le problème d'affichage. J'ai vu qu sur la wikipédia alsacienne, il y a un moyen facile pour ajouter des caractères spéciales et les accent. Dès que j'ai les possibilités (mode d'administrateur), j'aime bien d'ajouter cela à la Wikipédia lingala. Il s'agit d'une ligne de lettres avec tout les caractères spéciales et lettres avec accents dans le mode éditer. En cliquant sur une lettre, elle sera écrit à l'endroit ou se trouve le curseur. Merci pour le soutien! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 02:08, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == caractères spéciaux == J'ai fait quelques essais avec un petit article sur la [[politiki|politique]] (retrouvé chez Dzokanga, auteur de Congo-Braza dans le temps communiste). Pour plus de détails sur les caractères spéciaux voir aussi [[user:moyogo]]. * affichage parfaite avec Safari 1.0.3 * affichage avec des ? avec Microsoft Explorer 5.2 ** affichage avec des erreurs avec Microsoft Explorer 6 (Windows) * affichage avec des ? avec Mozilla 1.5 * affichage avec des ? avec Firefox 1.0 ** affichage correct des caractères avec erreurs d'accents avec Firefox 1.0 (Linux) ** affichage presque parfait avec Firefox 1.0 (Windows), avec toutes les fonts installées --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage parfait avec Opera 7.54 (Linux, Windows) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage avec erreurs avec Konqueror 3.3.2 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Je suis pour les caractères spéciaux, mais à condition qu'il sont lisible. Quelle est votre expérience? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:29, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) Pour - ;) Il semble que mes erreurs sous Linux avec Firefox soient à cause d'un bug dans pango, à suivre. Pour le reste Opera affiche tout parfaitement. Konqueror a des problèmes pour presque tout les caractères spéciaux et accents spéciaux (sur mon installation Ubuntu). Il serait utile d'utilisé une font par défaut pour le wikipédia lingala. Je pense que <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium</span> (serif) ou <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode</span> (sans) sont de bonnes options et elles sont disponibles gratuitement. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Merci! J'ai verifié tes exemples sur [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et avec Microsoft Explorer 6.0.3 (Windows Server 2003), ce n'est que Lucida Sans Unicode qui affiche les caractères spéciaux correctement. Je vériferais à la maison avec Macintosh. Les accents sont toujours afiché correctement.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:24, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) A mon avis, les accents ne sont pas discutable. Pour les caractères spéciaux, il faut voir, parceque cela sert à quoi, si ce n'est que lisibles pour ceux qui ont un équipement spéciale? Est-ce que les futurs utilisateurs seront de majorité des exilés en Europe ou des Congolais dans un cyber où il devront prendre l'ordinateur tel qu'il est? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Si Lucida Sans Unicode est la font par défaut les accents et les deux caractères spéciaux vraiment problématiques (ɛ - e ouvert, et ɔ - o ouvert) devraient être affiché correctement, sauf exception. Ces deux caractères sont dans la partie IPA des tables de caractères, les pages IPA sur la majorité des wikipédia affichent en Lucida Sans Unicode par défaut. L'avantage de Lucida Sans Unicode est qu'il est déjà installé sur beaucoup de machine. On pourrait donc définir font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode","Arial Unicode MS","Code 2000",sans-serif; dans les page de style. Voila pour l'affichage. Maintenant pour l'utilisation, il faudrait voir ce que la Société Linguistique Congolaise utilise officiellement. L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] recommande l'usage de ses caractères spéciaux. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 13:26, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) J'ai jeté un coup d'oeil avec Windows, il n'y a presque pas de problème avec les fonts qui ont les caractères spéciaux. Seul Internet Explorer 6 affiche erronement en monospace et avec Default, Arial Unicode MS. Lucida Sans Unicode, Doulos SIL et Gentium fonctionne à merveille sous tous les browsers que j'ai essayer (Mozilla Firefox, Opera). Firefox indique juste les accents légerement déplacés avec la première font (monospace) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 17:32, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Qui voit la différence entre ε et ɛ ? Le premier est la lettre epsilon (grec), la seconde le e ouvert (é) phonétique (IPA). En utilisant la lettre greque, on aura pas les problèmes d'affigage? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:17, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC) Effectivement, le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; et en majuscule &#x0395; &#x26;#x0395;) s'affiche correctement presque universellement. Il s'affiche même presque parfaitement avec les accents &#x03b5; avec accent aigu, circumflex, caron et grave devient &#x03b5;&#x0301; &#x03b5;&#x0302; &#x03b5;&#x030C; &#x03b5;&#x0300;. &#x03b5;&#x0301; (&#x26;#x03b5;&#x26;#x0301;) traduit à l'affichage en un seul caractère &#x03AD; (&#x03AD) qui est epsilon avec tonos, malheureusement le tonos est souvent une barre verticale et non un accent aigu. De plus le petit e ouvert latin (&#x25B; &#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) est du type latin tandis que le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; greek small letter epsilon) est du type grecque ce qui peut parfois leurs donner deux styles bien différent dans certaines fonts. Les autres caractères lingala étant eux aussi du type latin (latin small letter a, latin small open e, etc...). L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC]([ftp://ftp.eki.ee/pub/truetype/uni.pdf (pdf)]) et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] indique clairement que le latin small letter e est le bon caractère et qu'il devient Ɛ (&#x26;#x0190; latin capital letter open e). Ce qui veut dire qu'un article [[ɛlɔ́kɔ]] aura comme titre Ɛlɔ́kɔ et non Εlɔ́kɔ si on utilisait le epsilon et donc [[&#x03b5;lɔ́kɔ]]. En bref, le standard unicode définit &#x25B; (&#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) et Ɛ (&#x0190; latin capital letter open e) comme la lettre africaine. Si seulement il pouvait rajouté nos e et o ouverts avec les accents dans la table unicode pour avoir un caractère chaque fois comme pour les e,a,o,u,i plutot que des combinaisons. En attendant, il suffit d'attendre que nos programmes les affiches mieux. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == clavier lingala == J'ai fait [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala quelques claviers] dont un pour Mac OS X avec la page [http://wordherd.com/keyboards/] est-ce qu'il marche correctement? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Bombo azali moyángeli == Félicitations! == Questions == Merci Bombo, et merci pour votre travail ici. Je suis Congolais, mais j'ai vecu au dehors du pays pendant longtemps, et je prends ceci comme un challenge, pour ameliorer mes connaissances du lingala literaire - ou plutot correct, car la langue n'etant pas vraiment une langue ecrite a l'origine. Je suis desole que les traductions prennent si longtemps, mais j'y arriverai. Merci. Soit dit en passant, j'ai ajoute un certain nombre de Templates, en particulier celui de la "boite pays" (Infobox:country), mais je ne suis pas sur de comment traduire certain elements du contenu de la boite. Les autres boites que j'ai ajoutees sont "Ba Provinsi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa", "FichePresidentUS", et un certain nombre de petites adaptations necessaires pour l'accessibilite de wiki a partir d'autres langues. J'ai aussi modifié les noms de tous les pays listés dans "bisé ya mokili", selon les noms que mon pere a jugé corrects. J'ai un probleme car je ne sais pas dire Est, Ouest, Sud, et Nord en lingala (pour Afrique du Sud par exemple), et j'ai presumé que "Lisanga ya Amerika" convenait aux Etats-Unis, meme si cela signifie qu'il faudra un jour ajouter une page d'homonymie, pour la differencier de l'OEA. Soit dit en passant aussi, je ne sais pas s'il existe un moyen de dire Etat dans le sens d'etats federés (comme l'Indiana et la Californie aux USA, ou le Chihuahua et le Guadalajara au Mexique). Y'a-t-il aussi un moyen de dire "Federal", autre que "fedelali" que ma grand-mere utilise. Enfin je me demandais si Kɔ́ngɔ etait la prononciation correcte d nom du pays. Car ca a l'air d'etre plutot celle du peuple de l'Ouest du pays. Dans le parle courant, on dit plutot Kɔngɔ́. Mais je reconnais c'est un peu du a l'influence de l'intonation de la langue francaise. L'appelation correcte devrait elle donc se prononcer Kɔ́ngɔ? Je suis heureux de contribuer mes 2 centimes (expression USA) a ce projet. Natondi bino botondi! ---[[User:Themalau|Themalau]] == [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Science_pearls Science pearls] == Hi, I address you as the ambassador of your wikipedia. Please notice the above project. This project, more than other projects, will benefit from inter-wiki cooperation. Can you post a message regarding this project at your wikipedia village pump? Thanks for your help, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:APH APH from the English wiki] == ressource lingala pour l'informatique == Salut Bombo,<br/> Je viens de trouver http://www.erudit.org/revue/meta/1997/v42/n1/003313ar.pdf il y a quelques traductions que nous devrions utiliser. Comme : * bosalisi : aide * kobima : quitter, sortir * kokotisa : entrer * kobikisa : sauvegarder Nous pourrions aussi avoir plus d'infos sur la list http://groups.google.com/group/info-langues-congo ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 15:49, 13 oktobele 2005 (UTC) == salut == Bombo. j'ai vu les modifications que tu as apporte dans rubrique de chimie. merci beaucoup et je vois que mes formes ont ete acceptees. j'ai des probleme avec les accents donc... merci pour tout, a toi et a Moyogo. de Ivo3 ---[[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] == Melesi mingi == Merci pour ton accueil, je débute tout juste en lingala mais je passerais d temps en temps voir si je peux rajouter des interwikis ou aider un peu. [[User:Samyra008|Samyra008]] 19:25, 16 yuni 2006 (UTC) 8455 2006-06-19T08:07:56Z 147.8.201.165 hello == traduction des menus == Salut Bombo, Je ne parle pas lingala mais j'ai un intérêt pour la langue, des origines congolaises et un dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála. Ce serait avec plaisir que je participerais au ln.wikipedia. Quelques traductions pour les liens et pages spéciales: *edit **changer - **#kobalola (retourner) **#kobóngola (retourner, transformer) **transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) **modifier - kobalusa *histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) *montrer - *#kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) *#kotálisa (indiquer) *sauver - kokósoli (?) *suivre - kolanda *discussion - Lisano *préférences - ? *contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? *accueil/mainpage - lonkásá ya liboso --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo Merci pour ces traductions. Je suis en contact avec des congolais et avec les résponsables de Wikipédia pour l'accès respectiv pour changer les menus. Merci d'y participer! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:25, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC) == accents et autres == re-Salut, Je me demandais si ce ne serait pas mieux d'utiliser les accents et les caractères spéciaux propres au lingala. De cette façon, lingala serait lingála, mboté mbɔtɛ́, etc. Il y a des avantages et des inconvénients. Le lingala étant une langue peu disponible sur l'internet, la plupart des sources n'utilisent pas ces caractères spéciaux. La littérature sur papier l'utilise presque systématiquement. L'avantage d'utiliser ces caractères est qu'ils indiquent la prononciation (classique). Le désavantage majeur est qu'il n'y a pas de méthodes d'entrée lingala disponible, et donc peu de gens les utilise. Il faudrait donc just rajouter c'est caractère speciaux dans la liste de caractères disponible à l'édition d'article. Il faudrait aussi corriger les mots actuellement présent mais sans l'orthographe classique. Personnellement je suis en faveur d'un usage classique du lingala. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo - Je suis d'accord avec les accents. Pour les caractères spéciales, c'est le problème d'affichage. J'ai vu qu sur la wikipédia alsacienne, il y a un moyen facile pour ajouter des caractères spéciales et les accent. Dès que j'ai les possibilités (mode d'administrateur), j'aime bien d'ajouter cela à la Wikipédia lingala. Il s'agit d'une ligne de lettres avec tout les caractères spéciales et lettres avec accents dans le mode éditer. En cliquant sur une lettre, elle sera écrit à l'endroit ou se trouve le curseur. Merci pour le soutien! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 02:08, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == caractères spéciaux == J'ai fait quelques essais avec un petit article sur la [[politiki|politique]] (retrouvé chez Dzokanga, auteur de Congo-Braza dans le temps communiste). Pour plus de détails sur les caractères spéciaux voir aussi [[user:moyogo]]. * affichage parfaite avec Safari 1.0.3 * affichage avec des ? avec Microsoft Explorer 5.2 ** affichage avec des erreurs avec Microsoft Explorer 6 (Windows) * affichage avec des ? avec Mozilla 1.5 * affichage avec des ? avec Firefox 1.0 ** affichage correct des caractères avec erreurs d'accents avec Firefox 1.0 (Linux) ** affichage presque parfait avec Firefox 1.0 (Windows), avec toutes les fonts installées --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage parfait avec Opera 7.54 (Linux, Windows) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage avec erreurs avec Konqueror 3.3.2 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Je suis pour les caractères spéciaux, mais à condition qu'il sont lisible. Quelle est votre expérience? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:29, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) Pour - ;) Il semble que mes erreurs sous Linux avec Firefox soient à cause d'un bug dans pango, à suivre. Pour le reste Opera affiche tout parfaitement. Konqueror a des problèmes pour presque tout les caractères spéciaux et accents spéciaux (sur mon installation Ubuntu). Il serait utile d'utilisé une font par défaut pour le wikipédia lingala. Je pense que <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium</span> (serif) ou <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode</span> (sans) sont de bonnes options et elles sont disponibles gratuitement. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Merci! J'ai verifié tes exemples sur [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et avec Microsoft Explorer 6.0.3 (Windows Server 2003), ce n'est que Lucida Sans Unicode qui affiche les caractères spéciaux correctement. Je vériferais à la maison avec Macintosh. Les accents sont toujours afiché correctement.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:24, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) A mon avis, les accents ne sont pas discutable. Pour les caractères spéciaux, il faut voir, parceque cela sert à quoi, si ce n'est que lisibles pour ceux qui ont un équipement spéciale? Est-ce que les futurs utilisateurs seront de majorité des exilés en Europe ou des Congolais dans un cyber où il devront prendre l'ordinateur tel qu'il est? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Si Lucida Sans Unicode est la font par défaut les accents et les deux caractères spéciaux vraiment problématiques (ɛ - e ouvert, et ɔ - o ouvert) devraient être affiché correctement, sauf exception. Ces deux caractères sont dans la partie IPA des tables de caractères, les pages IPA sur la majorité des wikipédia affichent en Lucida Sans Unicode par défaut. L'avantage de Lucida Sans Unicode est qu'il est déjà installé sur beaucoup de machine. On pourrait donc définir font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode","Arial Unicode MS","Code 2000",sans-serif; dans les page de style. Voila pour l'affichage. Maintenant pour l'utilisation, il faudrait voir ce que la Société Linguistique Congolaise utilise officiellement. L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] recommande l'usage de ses caractères spéciaux. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 13:26, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) J'ai jeté un coup d'oeil avec Windows, il n'y a presque pas de problème avec les fonts qui ont les caractères spéciaux. Seul Internet Explorer 6 affiche erronement en monospace et avec Default, Arial Unicode MS. Lucida Sans Unicode, Doulos SIL et Gentium fonctionne à merveille sous tous les browsers que j'ai essayer (Mozilla Firefox, Opera). Firefox indique juste les accents légerement déplacés avec la première font (monospace) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 17:32, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Qui voit la différence entre ε et ɛ ? Le premier est la lettre epsilon (grec), la seconde le e ouvert (é) phonétique (IPA). En utilisant la lettre greque, on aura pas les problèmes d'affigage? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:17, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC) Effectivement, le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; et en majuscule &#x0395; &#x26;#x0395;) s'affiche correctement presque universellement. Il s'affiche même presque parfaitement avec les accents &#x03b5; avec accent aigu, circumflex, caron et grave devient &#x03b5;&#x0301; &#x03b5;&#x0302; &#x03b5;&#x030C; &#x03b5;&#x0300;. &#x03b5;&#x0301; (&#x26;#x03b5;&#x26;#x0301;) traduit à l'affichage en un seul caractère &#x03AD; (&#x03AD) qui est epsilon avec tonos, malheureusement le tonos est souvent une barre verticale et non un accent aigu. De plus le petit e ouvert latin (&#x25B; &#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) est du type latin tandis que le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; greek small letter epsilon) est du type grecque ce qui peut parfois leurs donner deux styles bien différent dans certaines fonts. Les autres caractères lingala étant eux aussi du type latin (latin small letter a, latin small open e, etc...). L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC]([ftp://ftp.eki.ee/pub/truetype/uni.pdf (pdf)]) et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] indique clairement que le latin small letter e est le bon caractère et qu'il devient Ɛ (&#x26;#x0190; latin capital letter open e). Ce qui veut dire qu'un article [[ɛlɔ́kɔ]] aura comme titre Ɛlɔ́kɔ et non Εlɔ́kɔ si on utilisait le epsilon et donc [[&#x03b5;lɔ́kɔ]]. En bref, le standard unicode définit &#x25B; (&#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) et Ɛ (&#x0190; latin capital letter open e) comme la lettre africaine. Si seulement il pouvait rajouté nos e et o ouverts avec les accents dans la table unicode pour avoir un caractère chaque fois comme pour les e,a,o,u,i plutot que des combinaisons. En attendant, il suffit d'attendre que nos programmes les affiches mieux. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == clavier lingala == J'ai fait [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala quelques claviers] dont un pour Mac OS X avec la page [http://wordherd.com/keyboards/] est-ce qu'il marche correctement? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Bombo azali moyángeli == Félicitations! == Questions == Merci Bombo, et merci pour votre travail ici. Je suis Congolais, mais j'ai vecu au dehors du pays pendant longtemps, et je prends ceci comme un challenge, pour ameliorer mes connaissances du lingala literaire - ou plutot correct, car la langue n'etant pas vraiment une langue ecrite a l'origine. Je suis desole que les traductions prennent si longtemps, mais j'y arriverai. Merci. Soit dit en passant, j'ai ajoute un certain nombre de Templates, en particulier celui de la "boite pays" (Infobox:country), mais je ne suis pas sur de comment traduire certain elements du contenu de la boite. Les autres boites que j'ai ajoutees sont "Ba Provinsi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa", "FichePresidentUS", et un certain nombre de petites adaptations necessaires pour l'accessibilite de wiki a partir d'autres langues. J'ai aussi modifié les noms de tous les pays listés dans "bisé ya mokili", selon les noms que mon pere a jugé corrects. J'ai un probleme car je ne sais pas dire Est, Ouest, Sud, et Nord en lingala (pour Afrique du Sud par exemple), et j'ai presumé que "Lisanga ya Amerika" convenait aux Etats-Unis, meme si cela signifie qu'il faudra un jour ajouter une page d'homonymie, pour la differencier de l'OEA. Soit dit en passant aussi, je ne sais pas s'il existe un moyen de dire Etat dans le sens d'etats federés (comme l'Indiana et la Californie aux USA, ou le Chihuahua et le Guadalajara au Mexique). Y'a-t-il aussi un moyen de dire "Federal", autre que "fedelali" que ma grand-mere utilise. Enfin je me demandais si Kɔ́ngɔ etait la prononciation correcte d nom du pays. Car ca a l'air d'etre plutot celle du peuple de l'Ouest du pays. Dans le parle courant, on dit plutot Kɔngɔ́. Mais je reconnais c'est un peu du a l'influence de l'intonation de la langue francaise. L'appelation correcte devrait elle donc se prononcer Kɔ́ngɔ? Je suis heureux de contribuer mes 2 centimes (expression USA) a ce projet. Natondi bino botondi! ---[[User:Themalau|Themalau]] == [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Science_pearls Science pearls] == Hi, I address you as the ambassador of your wikipedia. Please notice the above project. This project, more than other projects, will benefit from inter-wiki cooperation. Can you post a message regarding this project at your wikipedia village pump? Thanks for your help, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:APH APH from the English wiki] == ressource lingala pour l'informatique == Salut Bombo,<br/> Je viens de trouver http://www.erudit.org/revue/meta/1997/v42/n1/003313ar.pdf il y a quelques traductions que nous devrions utiliser. Comme : * bosalisi : aide * kobima : quitter, sortir * kokotisa : entrer * kobikisa : sauvegarder Nous pourrions aussi avoir plus d'infos sur la list http://groups.google.com/group/info-langues-congo ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 15:49, 13 oktobele 2005 (UTC) == salut == Bombo. j'ai vu les modifications que tu as apporte dans rubrique de chimie. merci beaucoup et je vois que mes formes ont ete acceptees. j'ai des probleme avec les accents donc... merci pour tout, a toi et a Moyogo. de Ivo3 ---[[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] == Melesi mingi == Merci pour ton accueil, je débute tout juste en lingala mais je passerais d temps en temps voir si je peux rajouter des interwikis ou aider un peu. [[User:Samyra008|Samyra008]] 19:25, 16 yuni 2006 (UTC) == Trust in Wikipedia == this is [http://hku.hk/cathyma Cathy] from Hong Kong working on a research about trust on Wikipedia. I wonder if you would kindly contact me at researchingmedia@gmail.com? I'd like to chat with you about Wikipedia of your language. Would you kindly drop me your email or IM (Skype, MSN, AIM or ICQ)? It wouldn't take more than ten minutes, but it would help enormously for us to understand the overall trust-based social landscape of Wikipedia. Thank you! 8478 2006-06-25T19:51:21Z 84.176.231.222 /* Trust in Wikipedia */ == traduction des menus == Salut Bombo, Je ne parle pas lingala mais j'ai un intérêt pour la langue, des origines congolaises et un dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála. Ce serait avec plaisir que je participerais au ln.wikipedia. Quelques traductions pour les liens et pages spéciales: *edit **changer - **#kobalola (retourner) **#kobóngola (retourner, transformer) **transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) **modifier - kobalusa *histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) *montrer - *#kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) *#kotálisa (indiquer) *sauver - kokósoli (?) *suivre - kolanda *discussion - Lisano *préférences - ? *contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? *accueil/mainpage - lonkásá ya liboso --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo Merci pour ces traductions. Je suis en contact avec des congolais et avec les résponsables de Wikipédia pour l'accès respectiv pour changer les menus. Merci d'y participer! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:25, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC) == accents et autres == re-Salut, Je me demandais si ce ne serait pas mieux d'utiliser les accents et les caractères spéciaux propres au lingala. De cette façon, lingala serait lingála, mboté mbɔtɛ́, etc. Il y a des avantages et des inconvénients. Le lingala étant une langue peu disponible sur l'internet, la plupart des sources n'utilisent pas ces caractères spéciaux. La littérature sur papier l'utilise presque systématiquement. L'avantage d'utiliser ces caractères est qu'ils indiquent la prononciation (classique). Le désavantage majeur est qu'il n'y a pas de méthodes d'entrée lingala disponible, et donc peu de gens les utilise. Il faudrait donc just rajouter c'est caractère speciaux dans la liste de caractères disponible à l'édition d'article. Il faudrait aussi corriger les mots actuellement présent mais sans l'orthographe classique. Personnellement je suis en faveur d'un usage classique du lingala. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo - Je suis d'accord avec les accents. Pour les caractères spéciales, c'est le problème d'affichage. J'ai vu qu sur la wikipédia alsacienne, il y a un moyen facile pour ajouter des caractères spéciales et les accent. Dès que j'ai les possibilités (mode d'administrateur), j'aime bien d'ajouter cela à la Wikipédia lingala. Il s'agit d'une ligne de lettres avec tout les caractères spéciales et lettres avec accents dans le mode éditer. En cliquant sur une lettre, elle sera écrit à l'endroit ou se trouve le curseur. Merci pour le soutien! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 02:08, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == caractères spéciaux == J'ai fait quelques essais avec un petit article sur la [[politiki|politique]] (retrouvé chez Dzokanga, auteur de Congo-Braza dans le temps communiste). Pour plus de détails sur les caractères spéciaux voir aussi [[user:moyogo]]. * affichage parfaite avec Safari 1.0.3 * affichage avec des ? avec Microsoft Explorer 5.2 ** affichage avec des erreurs avec Microsoft Explorer 6 (Windows) * affichage avec des ? avec Mozilla 1.5 * affichage avec des ? avec Firefox 1.0 ** affichage correct des caractères avec erreurs d'accents avec Firefox 1.0 (Linux) ** affichage presque parfait avec Firefox 1.0 (Windows), avec toutes les fonts installées --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage parfait avec Opera 7.54 (Linux, Windows) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage avec erreurs avec Konqueror 3.3.2 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Je suis pour les caractères spéciaux, mais à condition qu'il sont lisible. Quelle est votre expérience? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:29, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) Pour - ;) Il semble que mes erreurs sous Linux avec Firefox soient à cause d'un bug dans pango, à suivre. Pour le reste Opera affiche tout parfaitement. Konqueror a des problèmes pour presque tout les caractères spéciaux et accents spéciaux (sur mon installation Ubuntu). Il serait utile d'utilisé une font par défaut pour le wikipédia lingala. Je pense que <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium</span> (serif) ou <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode</span> (sans) sont de bonnes options et elles sont disponibles gratuitement. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Merci! J'ai verifié tes exemples sur [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et avec Microsoft Explorer 6.0.3 (Windows Server 2003), ce n'est que Lucida Sans Unicode qui affiche les caractères spéciaux correctement. Je vériferais à la maison avec Macintosh. Les accents sont toujours afiché correctement.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:24, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) A mon avis, les accents ne sont pas discutable. Pour les caractères spéciaux, il faut voir, parceque cela sert à quoi, si ce n'est que lisibles pour ceux qui ont un équipement spéciale? Est-ce que les futurs utilisateurs seront de majorité des exilés en Europe ou des Congolais dans un cyber où il devront prendre l'ordinateur tel qu'il est? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Si Lucida Sans Unicode est la font par défaut les accents et les deux caractères spéciaux vraiment problématiques (ɛ - e ouvert, et ɔ - o ouvert) devraient être affiché correctement, sauf exception. Ces deux caractères sont dans la partie IPA des tables de caractères, les pages IPA sur la majorité des wikipédia affichent en Lucida Sans Unicode par défaut. L'avantage de Lucida Sans Unicode est qu'il est déjà installé sur beaucoup de machine. On pourrait donc définir font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode","Arial Unicode MS","Code 2000",sans-serif; dans les page de style. Voila pour l'affichage. Maintenant pour l'utilisation, il faudrait voir ce que la Société Linguistique Congolaise utilise officiellement. L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] recommande l'usage de ses caractères spéciaux. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 13:26, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) J'ai jeté un coup d'oeil avec Windows, il n'y a presque pas de problème avec les fonts qui ont les caractères spéciaux. Seul Internet Explorer 6 affiche erronement en monospace et avec Default, Arial Unicode MS. Lucida Sans Unicode, Doulos SIL et Gentium fonctionne à merveille sous tous les browsers que j'ai essayer (Mozilla Firefox, Opera). Firefox indique juste les accents légerement déplacés avec la première font (monospace) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 17:32, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Qui voit la différence entre ε et ɛ ? Le premier est la lettre epsilon (grec), la seconde le e ouvert (é) phonétique (IPA). En utilisant la lettre greque, on aura pas les problèmes d'affigage? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:17, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC) Effectivement, le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; et en majuscule &#x0395; &#x26;#x0395;) s'affiche correctement presque universellement. Il s'affiche même presque parfaitement avec les accents &#x03b5; avec accent aigu, circumflex, caron et grave devient &#x03b5;&#x0301; &#x03b5;&#x0302; &#x03b5;&#x030C; &#x03b5;&#x0300;. &#x03b5;&#x0301; (&#x26;#x03b5;&#x26;#x0301;) traduit à l'affichage en un seul caractère &#x03AD; (&#x03AD) qui est epsilon avec tonos, malheureusement le tonos est souvent une barre verticale et non un accent aigu. De plus le petit e ouvert latin (&#x25B; &#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) est du type latin tandis que le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; greek small letter epsilon) est du type grecque ce qui peut parfois leurs donner deux styles bien différent dans certaines fonts. Les autres caractères lingala étant eux aussi du type latin (latin small letter a, latin small open e, etc...). L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC]([ftp://ftp.eki.ee/pub/truetype/uni.pdf (pdf)]) et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] indique clairement que le latin small letter e est le bon caractère et qu'il devient Ɛ (&#x26;#x0190; latin capital letter open e). Ce qui veut dire qu'un article [[ɛlɔ́kɔ]] aura comme titre Ɛlɔ́kɔ et non Εlɔ́kɔ si on utilisait le epsilon et donc [[&#x03b5;lɔ́kɔ]]. En bref, le standard unicode définit &#x25B; (&#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) et Ɛ (&#x0190; latin capital letter open e) comme la lettre africaine. Si seulement il pouvait rajouté nos e et o ouverts avec les accents dans la table unicode pour avoir un caractère chaque fois comme pour les e,a,o,u,i plutot que des combinaisons. En attendant, il suffit d'attendre que nos programmes les affiches mieux. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == clavier lingala == J'ai fait [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala quelques claviers] dont un pour Mac OS X avec la page [http://wordherd.com/keyboards/] est-ce qu'il marche correctement? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Bombo azali moyángeli == Félicitations! == Questions == Merci Bombo, et merci pour votre travail ici. Je suis Congolais, mais j'ai vecu au dehors du pays pendant longtemps, et je prends ceci comme un challenge, pour ameliorer mes connaissances du lingala literaire - ou plutot correct, car la langue n'etant pas vraiment une langue ecrite a l'origine. Je suis desole que les traductions prennent si longtemps, mais j'y arriverai. Merci. Soit dit en passant, j'ai ajoute un certain nombre de Templates, en particulier celui de la "boite pays" (Infobox:country), mais je ne suis pas sur de comment traduire certain elements du contenu de la boite. Les autres boites que j'ai ajoutees sont "Ba Provinsi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa", "FichePresidentUS", et un certain nombre de petites adaptations necessaires pour l'accessibilite de wiki a partir d'autres langues. J'ai aussi modifié les noms de tous les pays listés dans "bisé ya mokili", selon les noms que mon pere a jugé corrects. J'ai un probleme car je ne sais pas dire Est, Ouest, Sud, et Nord en lingala (pour Afrique du Sud par exemple), et j'ai presumé que "Lisanga ya Amerika" convenait aux Etats-Unis, meme si cela signifie qu'il faudra un jour ajouter une page d'homonymie, pour la differencier de l'OEA. Soit dit en passant aussi, je ne sais pas s'il existe un moyen de dire Etat dans le sens d'etats federés (comme l'Indiana et la Californie aux USA, ou le Chihuahua et le Guadalajara au Mexique). Y'a-t-il aussi un moyen de dire "Federal", autre que "fedelali" que ma grand-mere utilise. Enfin je me demandais si Kɔ́ngɔ etait la prononciation correcte d nom du pays. Car ca a l'air d'etre plutot celle du peuple de l'Ouest du pays. Dans le parle courant, on dit plutot Kɔngɔ́. Mais je reconnais c'est un peu du a l'influence de l'intonation de la langue francaise. L'appelation correcte devrait elle donc se prononcer Kɔ́ngɔ? Je suis heureux de contribuer mes 2 centimes (expression USA) a ce projet. Natondi bino botondi! ---[[User:Themalau|Themalau]] == [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Science_pearls Science pearls] == Hi, I address you as the ambassador of your wikipedia. Please notice the above project. This project, more than other projects, will benefit from inter-wiki cooperation. Can you post a message regarding this project at your wikipedia village pump? Thanks for your help, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:APH APH from the English wiki] == ressource lingala pour l'informatique == Salut Bombo,<br/> Je viens de trouver http://www.erudit.org/revue/meta/1997/v42/n1/003313ar.pdf il y a quelques traductions que nous devrions utiliser. Comme : * bosalisi : aide * kobima : quitter, sortir * kokotisa : entrer * kobikisa : sauvegarder Nous pourrions aussi avoir plus d'infos sur la list http://groups.google.com/group/info-langues-congo ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 15:49, 13 oktobele 2005 (UTC) == salut == Bombo. j'ai vu les modifications que tu as apporte dans rubrique de chimie. merci beaucoup et je vois que mes formes ont ete acceptees. j'ai des probleme avec les accents donc... merci pour tout, a toi et a Moyogo. de Ivo3 ---[[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] == Melesi mingi == Merci pour ton accueil, je débute tout juste en lingala mais je passerais d temps en temps voir si je peux rajouter des interwikis ou aider un peu. [[User:Samyra008|Samyra008]] 19:25, 16 yuni 2006 (UTC) == Trust in Wikipedia == this is [http://hku.hk/cathyma Cathy] from Hong Kong working on a research about trust on Wikipedia. I wonder if you would kindly contact me at researchingmedia@gmail.com? I'd like to chat with you about Wikipedia of your language. Would you kindly drop me your email or IM (Skype, MSN, AIM or ICQ)? It wouldn't take more than ten minutes, but it would help enormously for us to understand the overall trust-based social landscape of Wikipedia. Thank you! * Viel Erfolg beim Aufbau dieser Zweigstelle! Gerbil@de.WP 8787 2006-07-10T04:25:03Z YurikBot 76 answered == traduction des menus == Salut Bombo, Je ne parle pas lingala mais j'ai un intérêt pour la langue, des origines congolaises et un dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála. Ce serait avec plaisir que je participerais au ln.wikipedia. Quelques traductions pour les liens et pages spéciales: *edit **changer - **#kobalola (retourner) **#kobóngola (retourner, transformer) **transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) **modifier - kobalusa *histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) *montrer - *#kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) *#kotálisa (indiquer) *sauver - kokósoli (?) *suivre - kolanda *discussion - Lisano *préférences - ? *contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? *accueil/mainpage - lonkásá ya liboso --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo Merci pour ces traductions. Je suis en contact avec des congolais et avec les résponsables de Wikipédia pour l'accès respectiv pour changer les menus. Merci d'y participer! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:25, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC) == accents et autres == re-Salut, Je me demandais si ce ne serait pas mieux d'utiliser les accents et les caractères spéciaux propres au lingala. De cette façon, lingala serait lingála, mboté mbɔtɛ́, etc. Il y a des avantages et des inconvénients. Le lingala étant une langue peu disponible sur l'internet, la plupart des sources n'utilisent pas ces caractères spéciaux. La littérature sur papier l'utilise presque systématiquement. L'avantage d'utiliser ces caractères est qu'ils indiquent la prononciation (classique). Le désavantage majeur est qu'il n'y a pas de méthodes d'entrée lingala disponible, et donc peu de gens les utilise. Il faudrait donc just rajouter c'est caractère speciaux dans la liste de caractères disponible à l'édition d'article. Il faudrait aussi corriger les mots actuellement présent mais sans l'orthographe classique. Personnellement je suis en faveur d'un usage classique du lingala. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo - Je suis d'accord avec les accents. Pour les caractères spéciales, c'est le problème d'affichage. J'ai vu qu sur la wikipédia alsacienne, il y a un moyen facile pour ajouter des caractères spéciales et les accent. Dès que j'ai les possibilités (mode d'administrateur), j'aime bien d'ajouter cela à la Wikipédia lingala. Il s'agit d'une ligne de lettres avec tout les caractères spéciales et lettres avec accents dans le mode éditer. En cliquant sur une lettre, elle sera écrit à l'endroit ou se trouve le curseur. Merci pour le soutien! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 02:08, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == caractères spéciaux == J'ai fait quelques essais avec un petit article sur la [[politiki|politique]] (retrouvé chez Dzokanga, auteur de Congo-Braza dans le temps communiste). Pour plus de détails sur les caractères spéciaux voir aussi [[user:moyogo]]. * affichage parfaite avec Safari 1.0.3 * affichage avec des ? avec Microsoft Explorer 5.2 ** affichage avec des erreurs avec Microsoft Explorer 6 (Windows) * affichage avec des ? avec Mozilla 1.5 * affichage avec des ? avec Firefox 1.0 ** affichage correct des caractères avec erreurs d'accents avec Firefox 1.0 (Linux) ** affichage presque parfait avec Firefox 1.0 (Windows), avec toutes les fonts installées --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage parfait avec Opera 7.54 (Linux, Windows) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage avec erreurs avec Konqueror 3.3.2 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Je suis pour les caractères spéciaux, mais à condition qu'il sont lisible. Quelle est votre expérience? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:29, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) Pour - ;) Il semble que mes erreurs sous Linux avec Firefox soient à cause d'un bug dans pango, à suivre. Pour le reste Opera affiche tout parfaitement. Konqueror a des problèmes pour presque tout les caractères spéciaux et accents spéciaux (sur mon installation Ubuntu). Il serait utile d'utilisé une font par défaut pour le wikipédia lingala. Je pense que <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium</span> (serif) ou <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode</span> (sans) sont de bonnes options et elles sont disponibles gratuitement. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Merci! J'ai verifié tes exemples sur [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et avec Microsoft Explorer 6.0.3 (Windows Server 2003), ce n'est que Lucida Sans Unicode qui affiche les caractères spéciaux correctement. Je vériferais à la maison avec Macintosh. Les accents sont toujours afiché correctement.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:24, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) A mon avis, les accents ne sont pas discutable. Pour les caractères spéciaux, il faut voir, parceque cela sert à quoi, si ce n'est que lisibles pour ceux qui ont un équipement spéciale? Est-ce que les futurs utilisateurs seront de majorité des exilés en Europe ou des Congolais dans un cyber où il devront prendre l'ordinateur tel qu'il est? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Si Lucida Sans Unicode est la font par défaut les accents et les deux caractères spéciaux vraiment problématiques (ɛ - e ouvert, et ɔ - o ouvert) devraient être affiché correctement, sauf exception. Ces deux caractères sont dans la partie IPA des tables de caractères, les pages IPA sur la majorité des wikipédia affichent en Lucida Sans Unicode par défaut. L'avantage de Lucida Sans Unicode est qu'il est déjà installé sur beaucoup de machine. On pourrait donc définir font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode","Arial Unicode MS","Code 2000",sans-serif; dans les page de style. Voila pour l'affichage. Maintenant pour l'utilisation, il faudrait voir ce que la Société Linguistique Congolaise utilise officiellement. L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] recommande l'usage de ses caractères spéciaux. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 13:26, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) J'ai jeté un coup d'oeil avec Windows, il n'y a presque pas de problème avec les fonts qui ont les caractères spéciaux. Seul Internet Explorer 6 affiche erronement en monospace et avec Default, Arial Unicode MS. Lucida Sans Unicode, Doulos SIL et Gentium fonctionne à merveille sous tous les browsers que j'ai essayer (Mozilla Firefox, Opera). Firefox indique juste les accents légerement déplacés avec la première font (monospace) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 17:32, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Qui voit la différence entre ε et ɛ ? Le premier est la lettre epsilon (grec), la seconde le e ouvert (é) phonétique (IPA). En utilisant la lettre greque, on aura pas les problèmes d'affigage? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:17, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC) Effectivement, le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; et en majuscule &#x0395; &#x26;#x0395;) s'affiche correctement presque universellement. Il s'affiche même presque parfaitement avec les accents &#x03b5; avec accent aigu, circumflex, caron et grave devient &#x03b5;&#x0301; &#x03b5;&#x0302; &#x03b5;&#x030C; &#x03b5;&#x0300;. &#x03b5;&#x0301; (&#x26;#x03b5;&#x26;#x0301;) traduit à l'affichage en un seul caractère &#x03AD; (&#x03AD) qui est epsilon avec tonos, malheureusement le tonos est souvent une barre verticale et non un accent aigu. De plus le petit e ouvert latin (&#x25B; &#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) est du type latin tandis que le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; greek small letter epsilon) est du type grecque ce qui peut parfois leurs donner deux styles bien différent dans certaines fonts. Les autres caractères lingala étant eux aussi du type latin (latin small letter a, latin small open e, etc...). L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC]([ftp://ftp.eki.ee/pub/truetype/uni.pdf (pdf)]) et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] indique clairement que le latin small letter e est le bon caractère et qu'il devient Ɛ (&#x26;#x0190; latin capital letter open e). Ce qui veut dire qu'un article [[ɛlɔ́kɔ]] aura comme titre Ɛlɔ́kɔ et non Εlɔ́kɔ si on utilisait le epsilon et donc [[&#x03b5;lɔ́kɔ]]. En bref, le standard unicode définit &#x25B; (&#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) et Ɛ (&#x0190; latin capital letter open e) comme la lettre africaine. Si seulement il pouvait rajouté nos e et o ouverts avec les accents dans la table unicode pour avoir un caractère chaque fois comme pour les e,a,o,u,i plutot que des combinaisons. En attendant, il suffit d'attendre que nos programmes les affiches mieux. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == clavier lingala == J'ai fait [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala quelques claviers] dont un pour Mac OS X avec la page [http://wordherd.com/keyboards/] est-ce qu'il marche correctement? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Bombo azali moyángeli == Félicitations! == Questions == Merci Bombo, et merci pour votre travail ici. Je suis Congolais, mais j'ai vecu au dehors du pays pendant longtemps, et je prends ceci comme un challenge, pour ameliorer mes connaissances du lingala literaire - ou plutot correct, car la langue n'etant pas vraiment une langue ecrite a l'origine. Je suis desole que les traductions prennent si longtemps, mais j'y arriverai. Merci. Soit dit en passant, j'ai ajoute un certain nombre de Templates, en particulier celui de la "boite pays" (Infobox:country), mais je ne suis pas sur de comment traduire certain elements du contenu de la boite. Les autres boites que j'ai ajoutees sont "Ba Provinsi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa", "FichePresidentUS", et un certain nombre de petites adaptations necessaires pour l'accessibilite de wiki a partir d'autres langues. J'ai aussi modifié les noms de tous les pays listés dans "bisé ya mokili", selon les noms que mon pere a jugé corrects. J'ai un probleme car je ne sais pas dire Est, Ouest, Sud, et Nord en lingala (pour Afrique du Sud par exemple), et j'ai presumé que "Lisanga ya Amerika" convenait aux Etats-Unis, meme si cela signifie qu'il faudra un jour ajouter une page d'homonymie, pour la differencier de l'OEA. Soit dit en passant aussi, je ne sais pas s'il existe un moyen de dire Etat dans le sens d'etats federés (comme l'Indiana et la Californie aux USA, ou le Chihuahua et le Guadalajara au Mexique). Y'a-t-il aussi un moyen de dire "Federal", autre que "fedelali" que ma grand-mere utilise. Enfin je me demandais si Kɔ́ngɔ etait la prononciation correcte d nom du pays. Car ca a l'air d'etre plutot celle du peuple de l'Ouest du pays. Dans le parle courant, on dit plutot Kɔngɔ́. Mais je reconnais c'est un peu du a l'influence de l'intonation de la langue francaise. L'appelation correcte devrait elle donc se prononcer Kɔ́ngɔ? Je suis heureux de contribuer mes 2 centimes (expression USA) a ce projet. Natondi bino botondi! ---[[User:Themalau|Themalau]] == [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Science_pearls Science pearls] == Hi, I address you as the ambassador of your wikipedia. Please notice the above project. This project, more than other projects, will benefit from inter-wiki cooperation. Can you post a message regarding this project at your wikipedia village pump? Thanks for your help, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:APH APH from the English wiki] == ressource lingala pour l'informatique == Salut Bombo,<br/> Je viens de trouver http://www.erudit.org/revue/meta/1997/v42/n1/003313ar.pdf il y a quelques traductions que nous devrions utiliser. Comme : * bosalisi : aide * kobima : quitter, sortir * kokotisa : entrer * kobikisa : sauvegarder Nous pourrions aussi avoir plus d'infos sur la list http://groups.google.com/group/info-langues-congo ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 15:49, 13 oktobele 2005 (UTC) == salut == Bombo. j'ai vu les modifications que tu as apporte dans rubrique de chimie. merci beaucoup et je vois que mes formes ont ete acceptees. j'ai des probleme avec les accents donc... merci pour tout, a toi et a Moyogo. de Ivo3 ---[[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] == Melesi mingi == Merci pour ton accueil, je débute tout juste en lingala mais je passerais d temps en temps voir si je peux rajouter des interwikis ou aider un peu. [[User:Samyra008|Samyra008]] 19:25, 16 yuni 2006 (UTC) == Trust in Wikipedia == this is [http://hku.hk/cathyma Cathy] from Hong Kong working on a research about trust on Wikipedia. I wonder if you would kindly contact me at researchingmedia@gmail.com? I'd like to chat with you about Wikipedia of your language. Would you kindly drop me your email or IM (Skype, MSN, AIM or ICQ)? It wouldn't take more than ten minutes, but it would help enormously for us to understand the overall trust-based social landscape of Wikipedia. Thank you! * Viel Erfolg beim Aufbau dieser Zweigstelle! Gerbil@de.WP == answered == --[[User:YurikBot|YurikBot]] 04:25, 10 yuli 2006 (UTC) 9130 2006-08-19T00:55:26Z 83.227.25.202 == traduction des menus == Salut Bombo, Je ne parle pas lingala mais j'ai un intérêt pour la langue, des origines congolaises et un dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála. Ce serait avec plaisir que je participerais au ln.wikipedia. Quelques traductions pour les liens et pages spéciales: *edit **changer - **#kobalola (retourner) **#kobóngola (retourner, transformer) **transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) **modifier - kobalusa *histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) *montrer - *#kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) *#kotálisa (indiquer) *sauver - kokósoli (?) *suivre - kolanda *discussion - Lisano *préférences - ? *contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? *accueil/mainpage - lonkásá ya liboso --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo Merci pour ces traductions. Je suis en contact avec des congolais et avec les résponsables de Wikipédia pour l'accès respectiv pour changer les menus. Merci d'y participer! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:25, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC) == accents et autres == re-Salut, Je me demandais si ce ne serait pas mieux d'utiliser les accents et les caractères spéciaux propres au lingala. De cette façon, lingala serait lingála, mboté mbɔtɛ́, etc. Il y a des avantages et des inconvénients. Le lingala étant une langue peu disponible sur l'internet, la plupart des sources n'utilisent pas ces caractères spéciaux. La littérature sur papier l'utilise presque systématiquement. L'avantage d'utiliser ces caractères est qu'ils indiquent la prononciation (classique). Le désavantage majeur est qu'il n'y a pas de méthodes d'entrée lingala disponible, et donc peu de gens les utilise. Il faudrait donc just rajouter c'est caractère speciaux dans la liste de caractères disponible à l'édition d'article. Il faudrait aussi corriger les mots actuellement présent mais sans l'orthographe classique. Personnellement je suis en faveur d'un usage classique du lingala. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo - Je suis d'accord avec les accents. Pour les caractères spéciales, c'est le problème d'affichage. J'ai vu qu sur la wikipédia alsacienne, il y a un moyen facile pour ajouter des caractères spéciales et les accent. Dès que j'ai les possibilités (mode d'administrateur), j'aime bien d'ajouter cela à la Wikipédia lingala. Il s'agit d'une ligne de lettres avec tout les caractères spéciales et lettres avec accents dans le mode éditer. En cliquant sur une lettre, elle sera écrit à l'endroit ou se trouve le curseur. Merci pour le soutien! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 02:08, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == caractères spéciaux == J'ai fait quelques essais avec un petit article sur la [[politiki|politique]] (retrouvé chez Dzokanga, auteur de Congo-Braza dans le temps communiste). Pour plus de détails sur les caractères spéciaux voir aussi [[user:moyogo]]. * affichage parfaite avec Safari 1.0.3 * affichage avec des ? avec Microsoft Explorer 5.2 ** affichage avec des erreurs avec Microsoft Explorer 6 (Windows) * affichage avec des ? avec Mozilla 1.5 * affichage avec des ? avec Firefox 1.0 ** affichage correct des caractères avec erreurs d'accents avec Firefox 1.0 (Linux) ** affichage presque parfait avec Firefox 1.0 (Windows), avec toutes les fonts installées --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage parfait avec Opera 7.54 (Linux, Windows) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage avec erreurs avec Konqueror 3.3.2 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Je suis pour les caractères spéciaux, mais à condition qu'il sont lisible. Quelle est votre expérience? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:29, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) Pour - ;) Il semble que mes erreurs sous Linux avec Firefox soient à cause d'un bug dans pango, à suivre. Pour le reste Opera affiche tout parfaitement. Konqueror a des problèmes pour presque tout les caractères spéciaux et accents spéciaux (sur mon installation Ubuntu). Il serait utile d'utilisé une font par défaut pour le wikipédia lingala. Je pense que <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium</span> (serif) ou <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode</span> (sans) sont de bonnes options et elles sont disponibles gratuitement. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Merci! J'ai verifié tes exemples sur [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et avec Microsoft Explorer 6.0.3 (Windows Server 2003), ce n'est que Lucida Sans Unicode qui affiche les caractères spéciaux correctement. Je vériferais à la maison avec Macintosh. Les accents sont toujours afiché correctement.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:24, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) A mon avis, les accents ne sont pas discutable. Pour les caractères spéciaux, il faut voir, parceque cela sert à quoi, si ce n'est que lisibles pour ceux qui ont un équipement spéciale? Est-ce que les futurs utilisateurs seront de majorité des exilés en Europe ou des Congolais dans un cyber où il devront prendre l'ordinateur tel qu'il est? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Si Lucida Sans Unicode est la font par défaut les accents et les deux caractères spéciaux vraiment problématiques (ɛ - e ouvert, et ɔ - o ouvert) devraient être affiché correctement, sauf exception. Ces deux caractères sont dans la partie IPA des tables de caractères, les pages IPA sur la majorité des wikipédia affichent en Lucida Sans Unicode par défaut. L'avantage de Lucida Sans Unicode est qu'il est déjà installé sur beaucoup de machine. On pourrait donc définir font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode","Arial Unicode MS","Code 2000",sans-serif; dans les page de style. Voila pour l'affichage. Maintenant pour l'utilisation, il faudrait voir ce que la Société Linguistique Congolaise utilise officiellement. L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] recommande l'usage de ses caractères spéciaux. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 13:26, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) J'ai jeté un coup d'oeil avec Windows, il n'y a presque pas de problème avec les fonts qui ont les caractères spéciaux. Seul Internet Explorer 6 affiche erronement en monospace et avec Default, Arial Unicode MS. Lucida Sans Unicode, Doulos SIL et Gentium fonctionne à merveille sous tous les browsers que j'ai essayer (Mozilla Firefox, Opera). Firefox indique juste les accents légerement déplacés avec la première font (monospace) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 17:32, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Qui voit la différence entre ε et ɛ ? Le premier est la lettre epsilon (grec), la seconde le e ouvert (é) phonétique (IPA). En utilisant la lettre greque, on aura pas les problèmes d'affigage? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:17, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC) Effectivement, le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; et en majuscule &#x0395; &#x26;#x0395;) s'affiche correctement presque universellement. Il s'affiche même presque parfaitement avec les accents &#x03b5; avec accent aigu, circumflex, caron et grave devient &#x03b5;&#x0301; &#x03b5;&#x0302; &#x03b5;&#x030C; &#x03b5;&#x0300;. &#x03b5;&#x0301; (&#x26;#x03b5;&#x26;#x0301;) traduit à l'affichage en un seul caractère &#x03AD; (&#x03AD) qui est epsilon avec tonos, malheureusement le tonos est souvent une barre verticale et non un accent aigu. De plus le petit e ouvert latin (&#x25B; &#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) est du type latin tandis que le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; greek small letter epsilon) est du type grecque ce qui peut parfois leurs donner deux styles bien différent dans certaines fonts. Les autres caractères lingala étant eux aussi du type latin (latin small letter a, latin small open e, etc...). L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC]([ftp://ftp.eki.ee/pub/truetype/uni.pdf (pdf)]) et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] indique clairement que le latin small letter e est le bon caractère et qu'il devient Ɛ (&#x26;#x0190; latin capital letter open e). Ce qui veut dire qu'un article [[ɛlɔ́kɔ]] aura comme titre Ɛlɔ́kɔ et non Εlɔ́kɔ si on utilisait le epsilon et donc [[&#x03b5;lɔ́kɔ]]. En bref, le standard unicode définit &#x25B; (&#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) et Ɛ (&#x0190; latin capital letter open e) comme la lettre africaine. Si seulement il pouvait rajouté nos e et o ouverts avec les accents dans la table unicode pour avoir un caractère chaque fois comme pour les e,a,o,u,i plutot que des combinaisons. En attendant, il suffit d'attendre que nos programmes les affiches mieux. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == clavier lingala == J'ai fait [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala quelques claviers] dont un pour Mac OS X avec la page [http://wordherd.com/keyboards/] est-ce qu'il marche correctement? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Bombo azali moyángeli == Félicitations! == Questions == Merci Bombo, et merci pour votre travail ici. Je suis Congolais, mais j'ai vecu au dehors du pays pendant longtemps, et je prends ceci comme un challenge, pour ameliorer mes connaissances du lingala literaire - ou plutot correct, car la langue n'etant pas vraiment une langue ecrite a l'origine. Je suis desole que les traductions prennent si longtemps, mais j'y arriverai. Merci. Soit dit en passant, j'ai ajoute un certain nombre de Templates, en particulier celui de la "boite pays" (Infobox:country), mais je ne suis pas sur de comment traduire certain elements du contenu de la boite. Les autres boites que j'ai ajoutees sont "Ba Provinsi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa", "FichePresidentUS", et un certain nombre de petites adaptations necessaires pour l'accessibilite de wiki a partir d'autres langues. J'ai aussi modifié les noms de tous les pays listés dans "bisé ya mokili", selon les noms que mon pere a jugé corrects. J'ai un probleme car je ne sais pas dire Est, Ouest, Sud, et Nord en lingala (pour Afrique du Sud par exemple), et j'ai presumé que "Lisanga ya Amerika" convenait aux Etats-Unis, meme si cela signifie qu'il faudra un jour ajouter une page d'homonymie, pour la differencier de l'OEA. Soit dit en passant aussi, je ne sais pas s'il existe un moyen de dire Etat dans le sens d'etats federés (comme l'Indiana et la Californie aux USA, ou le Chihuahua et le Guadalajara au Mexique). Y'a-t-il aussi un moyen de dire "Federal", autre que "fedelali" que ma grand-mere utilise. Enfin je me demandais si Kɔ́ngɔ etait la prononciation correcte d nom du pays. Car ca a l'air d'etre plutot celle du peuple de l'Ouest du pays. Dans le parle courant, on dit plutot Kɔngɔ́. Mais je reconnais c'est un peu du a l'influence de l'intonation de la langue francaise. L'appelation correcte devrait elle donc se prononcer Kɔ́ngɔ? Je suis heureux de contribuer mes 2 centimes (expression USA) a ce projet. Natondi bino botondi! ---[[User:Themalau|Themalau]] == [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Science_pearls Science pearls] == Hi, I address you as the ambassador of your wikipedia. Please notice the above project. This project, more than other projects, will benefit from inter-wiki cooperation. Can you post a message regarding this project at your wikipedia village pump? Thanks for your help, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:APH APH from the English wiki] == ressource lingala pour l'informatique == Salut Bombo,<br/> Je viens de trouver http://www.erudit.org/revue/meta/1997/v42/n1/003313ar.pdf il y a quelques traductions que nous devrions utiliser. Comme : * bosalisi : aide * kobima : quitter, sortir * kokotisa : entrer * kobikisa : sauvegarder Nous pourrions aussi avoir plus d'infos sur la list http://groups.google.com/group/info-langues-congo ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 15:49, 13 oktobele 2005 (UTC) == salut == Bombo. j'ai vu les modifications que tu as apporte dans rubrique de chimie. merci beaucoup et je vois que mes formes ont ete acceptees. j'ai des probleme avec les accents donc... merci pour tout, a toi et a Moyogo. de Ivo3 ---[[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] == Melesi mingi == Merci pour ton accueil, je débute tout juste en lingala mais je passerais d temps en temps voir si je peux rajouter des interwikis ou aider un peu. [[User:Samyra008|Samyra008]] 19:25, 16 yuni 2006 (UTC) == Trust in Wikipedia == this is [http://hku.hk/cathyma Cathy] from Hong Kong working on a research about trust on Wikipedia. I wonder if you would kindly contact me at researchingmedia@gmail.com? I'd like to chat with you about Wikipedia of your language. Would you kindly drop me your email or IM (Skype, MSN, AIM or ICQ)? It wouldn't take more than ten minutes, but it would help enormously for us to understand the overall trust-based social landscape of Wikipedia. Thank you! * Viel Erfolg beim Aufbau dieser Zweigstelle! Gerbil@de.WP == answered == --[[User:YurikBot|YurikBot]] 04:25, 10 yuli 2006 (UTC) == Interface == Pourqoui préferez d'avoir l'interface en anglais au lieu de français, en attendant des traducteurs?[[sv:user:aaker|aaker]] 9314 2006-09-01T23:02:33Z Ivo3 68 merci == traduction des menus == Salut Bombo, Je ne parle pas lingala mais j'ai un intérêt pour la langue, des origines congolaises et un dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála. Ce serait avec plaisir que je participerais au ln.wikipedia. Quelques traductions pour les liens et pages spéciales: *edit **changer - **#kobalola (retourner) **#kobóngola (retourner, transformer) **transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) **modifier - kobalusa *histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) *montrer - *#kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) *#kotálisa (indiquer) *sauver - kokósoli (?) *suivre - kolanda *discussion - Lisano *préférences - ? *contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? *accueil/mainpage - lonkásá ya liboso --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo Merci pour ces traductions. Je suis en contact avec des congolais et avec les résponsables de Wikipédia pour l'accès respectiv pour changer les menus. Merci d'y participer! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:25, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC) == accents et autres == re-Salut, Je me demandais si ce ne serait pas mieux d'utiliser les accents et les caractères spéciaux propres au lingala. De cette façon, lingala serait lingála, mboté mbɔtɛ́, etc. Il y a des avantages et des inconvénients. Le lingala étant une langue peu disponible sur l'internet, la plupart des sources n'utilisent pas ces caractères spéciaux. La littérature sur papier l'utilise presque systématiquement. L'avantage d'utiliser ces caractères est qu'ils indiquent la prononciation (classique). Le désavantage majeur est qu'il n'y a pas de méthodes d'entrée lingala disponible, et donc peu de gens les utilise. Il faudrait donc just rajouter c'est caractère speciaux dans la liste de caractères disponible à l'édition d'article. Il faudrait aussi corriger les mots actuellement présent mais sans l'orthographe classique. Personnellement je suis en faveur d'un usage classique du lingala. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo - Je suis d'accord avec les accents. Pour les caractères spéciales, c'est le problème d'affichage. J'ai vu qu sur la wikipédia alsacienne, il y a un moyen facile pour ajouter des caractères spéciales et les accent. Dès que j'ai les possibilités (mode d'administrateur), j'aime bien d'ajouter cela à la Wikipédia lingala. Il s'agit d'une ligne de lettres avec tout les caractères spéciales et lettres avec accents dans le mode éditer. En cliquant sur une lettre, elle sera écrit à l'endroit ou se trouve le curseur. Merci pour le soutien! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 02:08, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == caractères spéciaux == J'ai fait quelques essais avec un petit article sur la [[politiki|politique]] (retrouvé chez Dzokanga, auteur de Congo-Braza dans le temps communiste). Pour plus de détails sur les caractères spéciaux voir aussi [[user:moyogo]]. * affichage parfaite avec Safari 1.0.3 * affichage avec des ? avec Microsoft Explorer 5.2 ** affichage avec des erreurs avec Microsoft Explorer 6 (Windows) * affichage avec des ? avec Mozilla 1.5 * affichage avec des ? avec Firefox 1.0 ** affichage correct des caractères avec erreurs d'accents avec Firefox 1.0 (Linux) ** affichage presque parfait avec Firefox 1.0 (Windows), avec toutes les fonts installées --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage parfait avec Opera 7.54 (Linux, Windows) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage avec erreurs avec Konqueror 3.3.2 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Je suis pour les caractères spéciaux, mais à condition qu'il sont lisible. Quelle est votre expérience? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:29, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) Pour - ;) Il semble que mes erreurs sous Linux avec Firefox soient à cause d'un bug dans pango, à suivre. Pour le reste Opera affiche tout parfaitement. Konqueror a des problèmes pour presque tout les caractères spéciaux et accents spéciaux (sur mon installation Ubuntu). Il serait utile d'utilisé une font par défaut pour le wikipédia lingala. Je pense que <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium</span> (serif) ou <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode</span> (sans) sont de bonnes options et elles sont disponibles gratuitement. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Merci! J'ai verifié tes exemples sur [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et avec Microsoft Explorer 6.0.3 (Windows Server 2003), ce n'est que Lucida Sans Unicode qui affiche les caractères spéciaux correctement. Je vériferais à la maison avec Macintosh. Les accents sont toujours afiché correctement.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:24, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) A mon avis, les accents ne sont pas discutable. Pour les caractères spéciaux, il faut voir, parceque cela sert à quoi, si ce n'est que lisibles pour ceux qui ont un équipement spéciale? Est-ce que les futurs utilisateurs seront de majorité des exilés en Europe ou des Congolais dans un cyber où il devront prendre l'ordinateur tel qu'il est? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Si Lucida Sans Unicode est la font par défaut les accents et les deux caractères spéciaux vraiment problématiques (ɛ - e ouvert, et ɔ - o ouvert) devraient être affiché correctement, sauf exception. Ces deux caractères sont dans la partie IPA des tables de caractères, les pages IPA sur la majorité des wikipédia affichent en Lucida Sans Unicode par défaut. L'avantage de Lucida Sans Unicode est qu'il est déjà installé sur beaucoup de machine. On pourrait donc définir font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode","Arial Unicode MS","Code 2000",sans-serif; dans les page de style. Voila pour l'affichage. Maintenant pour l'utilisation, il faudrait voir ce que la Société Linguistique Congolaise utilise officiellement. L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] recommande l'usage de ses caractères spéciaux. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 13:26, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) J'ai jeté un coup d'oeil avec Windows, il n'y a presque pas de problème avec les fonts qui ont les caractères spéciaux. Seul Internet Explorer 6 affiche erronement en monospace et avec Default, Arial Unicode MS. Lucida Sans Unicode, Doulos SIL et Gentium fonctionne à merveille sous tous les browsers que j'ai essayer (Mozilla Firefox, Opera). Firefox indique juste les accents légerement déplacés avec la première font (monospace) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 17:32, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Qui voit la différence entre ε et ɛ ? Le premier est la lettre epsilon (grec), la seconde le e ouvert (é) phonétique (IPA). En utilisant la lettre greque, on aura pas les problèmes d'affigage? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:17, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC) Effectivement, le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; et en majuscule &#x0395; &#x26;#x0395;) s'affiche correctement presque universellement. Il s'affiche même presque parfaitement avec les accents &#x03b5; avec accent aigu, circumflex, caron et grave devient &#x03b5;&#x0301; &#x03b5;&#x0302; &#x03b5;&#x030C; &#x03b5;&#x0300;. &#x03b5;&#x0301; (&#x26;#x03b5;&#x26;#x0301;) traduit à l'affichage en un seul caractère &#x03AD; (&#x03AD) qui est epsilon avec tonos, malheureusement le tonos est souvent une barre verticale et non un accent aigu. De plus le petit e ouvert latin (&#x25B; &#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) est du type latin tandis que le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; greek small letter epsilon) est du type grecque ce qui peut parfois leurs donner deux styles bien différent dans certaines fonts. Les autres caractères lingala étant eux aussi du type latin (latin small letter a, latin small open e, etc...). L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC]([ftp://ftp.eki.ee/pub/truetype/uni.pdf (pdf)]) et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] indique clairement que le latin small letter e est le bon caractère et qu'il devient Ɛ (&#x26;#x0190; latin capital letter open e). Ce qui veut dire qu'un article [[ɛlɔ́kɔ]] aura comme titre Ɛlɔ́kɔ et non Εlɔ́kɔ si on utilisait le epsilon et donc [[&#x03b5;lɔ́kɔ]]. En bref, le standard unicode définit &#x25B; (&#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) et Ɛ (&#x0190; latin capital letter open e) comme la lettre africaine. Si seulement il pouvait rajouté nos e et o ouverts avec les accents dans la table unicode pour avoir un caractère chaque fois comme pour les e,a,o,u,i plutot que des combinaisons. En attendant, il suffit d'attendre que nos programmes les affiches mieux. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == clavier lingala == J'ai fait [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala quelques claviers] dont un pour Mac OS X avec la page [http://wordherd.com/keyboards/] est-ce qu'il marche correctement? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Bombo azali moyángeli == Félicitations! == Questions == Merci Bombo, et merci pour votre travail ici. Je suis Congolais, mais j'ai vecu au dehors du pays pendant longtemps, et je prends ceci comme un challenge, pour ameliorer mes connaissances du lingala literaire - ou plutot correct, car la langue n'etant pas vraiment une langue ecrite a l'origine. Je suis desole que les traductions prennent si longtemps, mais j'y arriverai. Merci. Soit dit en passant, j'ai ajoute un certain nombre de Templates, en particulier celui de la "boite pays" (Infobox:country), mais je ne suis pas sur de comment traduire certain elements du contenu de la boite. Les autres boites que j'ai ajoutees sont "Ba Provinsi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa", "FichePresidentUS", et un certain nombre de petites adaptations necessaires pour l'accessibilite de wiki a partir d'autres langues. J'ai aussi modifié les noms de tous les pays listés dans "bisé ya mokili", selon les noms que mon pere a jugé corrects. J'ai un probleme car je ne sais pas dire Est, Ouest, Sud, et Nord en lingala (pour Afrique du Sud par exemple), et j'ai presumé que "Lisanga ya Amerika" convenait aux Etats-Unis, meme si cela signifie qu'il faudra un jour ajouter une page d'homonymie, pour la differencier de l'OEA. Soit dit en passant aussi, je ne sais pas s'il existe un moyen de dire Etat dans le sens d'etats federés (comme l'Indiana et la Californie aux USA, ou le Chihuahua et le Guadalajara au Mexique). Y'a-t-il aussi un moyen de dire "Federal", autre que "fedelali" que ma grand-mere utilise. Enfin je me demandais si Kɔ́ngɔ etait la prononciation correcte d nom du pays. Car ca a l'air d'etre plutot celle du peuple de l'Ouest du pays. Dans le parle courant, on dit plutot Kɔngɔ́. Mais je reconnais c'est un peu du a l'influence de l'intonation de la langue francaise. L'appelation correcte devrait elle donc se prononcer Kɔ́ngɔ? Je suis heureux de contribuer mes 2 centimes (expression USA) a ce projet. Natondi bino botondi! ---[[User:Themalau|Themalau]] == [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Science_pearls Science pearls] == Hi, I address you as the ambassador of your wikipedia. Please notice the above project. This project, more than other projects, will benefit from inter-wiki cooperation. Can you post a message regarding this project at your wikipedia village pump? Thanks for your help, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:APH APH from the English wiki] == ressource lingala pour l'informatique == Salut Bombo,<br/> Je viens de trouver http://www.erudit.org/revue/meta/1997/v42/n1/003313ar.pdf il y a quelques traductions que nous devrions utiliser. Comme : * bosalisi : aide * kobima : quitter, sortir * kokotisa : entrer * kobikisa : sauvegarder Nous pourrions aussi avoir plus d'infos sur la list http://groups.google.com/group/info-langues-congo ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 15:49, 13 oktobele 2005 (UTC) == salut == Bombo. j'ai vu les modifications que tu as apporte dans rubrique de chimie. merci beaucoup et je vois que mes formes ont ete acceptees. j'ai des probleme avec les accents donc... merci pour tout, a toi et a Moyogo. de Ivo3 ---[[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] == Melesi mingi == Merci pour ton accueil, je débute tout juste en lingala mais je passerais d temps en temps voir si je peux rajouter des interwikis ou aider un peu. [[User:Samyra008|Samyra008]] 19:25, 16 yuni 2006 (UTC) == Trust in Wikipedia == this is [http://hku.hk/cathyma Cathy] from Hong Kong working on a research about trust on Wikipedia. I wonder if you would kindly contact me at researchingmedia@gmail.com? I'd like to chat with you about Wikipedia of your language. Would you kindly drop me your email or IM (Skype, MSN, AIM or ICQ)? It wouldn't take more than ten minutes, but it would help enormously for us to understand the overall trust-based social landscape of Wikipedia. Thank you! * Viel Erfolg beim Aufbau dieser Zweigstelle! Gerbil@de.WP == answered == --[[User:YurikBot|YurikBot]] 04:25, 10 yuli 2006 (UTC) == Interface == Pourqoui préferez d'avoir l'interface en anglais au lieu de français, en attendant des traducteurs?[[sv:user:aaker|aaker]] == merci == merci beaucoup pour les termes je suis sure qu'ils vont m'aider. [[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] 9355 2006-09-16T18:58:42Z 213.173.144.71 Translation Request (2 sentences) == traduction des menus == Salut Bombo, Je ne parle pas lingala mais j'ai un intérêt pour la langue, des origines congolaises et un dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála. Ce serait avec plaisir que je participerais au ln.wikipedia. Quelques traductions pour les liens et pages spéciales: *edit **changer - **#kobalola (retourner) **#kobóngola (retourner, transformer) **transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) **modifier - kobalusa *histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) *montrer - *#kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) *#kotálisa (indiquer) *sauver - kokósoli (?) *suivre - kolanda *discussion - Lisano *préférences - ? *contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? *accueil/mainpage - lonkásá ya liboso --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo Merci pour ces traductions. Je suis en contact avec des congolais et avec les résponsables de Wikipédia pour l'accès respectiv pour changer les menus. Merci d'y participer! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:25, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC) == accents et autres == re-Salut, Je me demandais si ce ne serait pas mieux d'utiliser les accents et les caractères spéciaux propres au lingala. De cette façon, lingala serait lingála, mboté mbɔtɛ́, etc. Il y a des avantages et des inconvénients. Le lingala étant une langue peu disponible sur l'internet, la plupart des sources n'utilisent pas ces caractères spéciaux. La littérature sur papier l'utilise presque systématiquement. L'avantage d'utiliser ces caractères est qu'ils indiquent la prononciation (classique). Le désavantage majeur est qu'il n'y a pas de méthodes d'entrée lingala disponible, et donc peu de gens les utilise. Il faudrait donc just rajouter c'est caractère speciaux dans la liste de caractères disponible à l'édition d'article. Il faudrait aussi corriger les mots actuellement présent mais sans l'orthographe classique. Personnellement je suis en faveur d'un usage classique du lingala. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo - Je suis d'accord avec les accents. Pour les caractères spéciales, c'est le problème d'affichage. J'ai vu qu sur la wikipédia alsacienne, il y a un moyen facile pour ajouter des caractères spéciales et les accent. Dès que j'ai les possibilités (mode d'administrateur), j'aime bien d'ajouter cela à la Wikipédia lingala. Il s'agit d'une ligne de lettres avec tout les caractères spéciales et lettres avec accents dans le mode éditer. En cliquant sur une lettre, elle sera écrit à l'endroit ou se trouve le curseur. Merci pour le soutien! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 02:08, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == caractères spéciaux == J'ai fait quelques essais avec un petit article sur la [[politiki|politique]] (retrouvé chez Dzokanga, auteur de Congo-Braza dans le temps communiste). Pour plus de détails sur les caractères spéciaux voir aussi [[user:moyogo]]. * affichage parfaite avec Safari 1.0.3 * affichage avec des ? avec Microsoft Explorer 5.2 ** affichage avec des erreurs avec Microsoft Explorer 6 (Windows) * affichage avec des ? avec Mozilla 1.5 * affichage avec des ? avec Firefox 1.0 ** affichage correct des caractères avec erreurs d'accents avec Firefox 1.0 (Linux) ** affichage presque parfait avec Firefox 1.0 (Windows), avec toutes les fonts installées --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage parfait avec Opera 7.54 (Linux, Windows) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage avec erreurs avec Konqueror 3.3.2 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Je suis pour les caractères spéciaux, mais à condition qu'il sont lisible. Quelle est votre expérience? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:29, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) Pour - ;) Il semble que mes erreurs sous Linux avec Firefox soient à cause d'un bug dans pango, à suivre. Pour le reste Opera affiche tout parfaitement. Konqueror a des problèmes pour presque tout les caractères spéciaux et accents spéciaux (sur mon installation Ubuntu). Il serait utile d'utilisé une font par défaut pour le wikipédia lingala. Je pense que <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium</span> (serif) ou <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode</span> (sans) sont de bonnes options et elles sont disponibles gratuitement. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Merci! J'ai verifié tes exemples sur [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et avec Microsoft Explorer 6.0.3 (Windows Server 2003), ce n'est que Lucida Sans Unicode qui affiche les caractères spéciaux correctement. Je vériferais à la maison avec Macintosh. Les accents sont toujours afiché correctement.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:24, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) A mon avis, les accents ne sont pas discutable. Pour les caractères spéciaux, il faut voir, parceque cela sert à quoi, si ce n'est que lisibles pour ceux qui ont un équipement spéciale? Est-ce que les futurs utilisateurs seront de majorité des exilés en Europe ou des Congolais dans un cyber où il devront prendre l'ordinateur tel qu'il est? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Si Lucida Sans Unicode est la font par défaut les accents et les deux caractères spéciaux vraiment problématiques (ɛ - e ouvert, et ɔ - o ouvert) devraient être affiché correctement, sauf exception. Ces deux caractères sont dans la partie IPA des tables de caractères, les pages IPA sur la majorité des wikipédia affichent en Lucida Sans Unicode par défaut. L'avantage de Lucida Sans Unicode est qu'il est déjà installé sur beaucoup de machine. On pourrait donc définir font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode","Arial Unicode MS","Code 2000",sans-serif; dans les page de style. Voila pour l'affichage. Maintenant pour l'utilisation, il faudrait voir ce que la Société Linguistique Congolaise utilise officiellement. L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] recommande l'usage de ses caractères spéciaux. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 13:26, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) J'ai jeté un coup d'oeil avec Windows, il n'y a presque pas de problème avec les fonts qui ont les caractères spéciaux. Seul Internet Explorer 6 affiche erronement en monospace et avec Default, Arial Unicode MS. Lucida Sans Unicode, Doulos SIL et Gentium fonctionne à merveille sous tous les browsers que j'ai essayer (Mozilla Firefox, Opera). Firefox indique juste les accents légerement déplacés avec la première font (monospace) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 17:32, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Qui voit la différence entre ε et ɛ ? Le premier est la lettre epsilon (grec), la seconde le e ouvert (é) phonétique (IPA). En utilisant la lettre greque, on aura pas les problèmes d'affigage? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:17, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC) Effectivement, le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; et en majuscule &#x0395; &#x26;#x0395;) s'affiche correctement presque universellement. Il s'affiche même presque parfaitement avec les accents &#x03b5; avec accent aigu, circumflex, caron et grave devient &#x03b5;&#x0301; &#x03b5;&#x0302; &#x03b5;&#x030C; &#x03b5;&#x0300;. &#x03b5;&#x0301; (&#x26;#x03b5;&#x26;#x0301;) traduit à l'affichage en un seul caractère &#x03AD; (&#x03AD) qui est epsilon avec tonos, malheureusement le tonos est souvent une barre verticale et non un accent aigu. De plus le petit e ouvert latin (&#x25B; &#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) est du type latin tandis que le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; greek small letter epsilon) est du type grecque ce qui peut parfois leurs donner deux styles bien différent dans certaines fonts. Les autres caractères lingala étant eux aussi du type latin (latin small letter a, latin small open e, etc...). L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC]([ftp://ftp.eki.ee/pub/truetype/uni.pdf (pdf)]) et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] indique clairement que le latin small letter e est le bon caractère et qu'il devient Ɛ (&#x26;#x0190; latin capital letter open e). Ce qui veut dire qu'un article [[ɛlɔ́kɔ]] aura comme titre Ɛlɔ́kɔ et non Εlɔ́kɔ si on utilisait le epsilon et donc [[&#x03b5;lɔ́kɔ]]. En bref, le standard unicode définit &#x25B; (&#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) et Ɛ (&#x0190; latin capital letter open e) comme la lettre africaine. Si seulement il pouvait rajouté nos e et o ouverts avec les accents dans la table unicode pour avoir un caractère chaque fois comme pour les e,a,o,u,i plutot que des combinaisons. En attendant, il suffit d'attendre que nos programmes les affiches mieux. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == clavier lingala == J'ai fait [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala quelques claviers] dont un pour Mac OS X avec la page [http://wordherd.com/keyboards/] est-ce qu'il marche correctement? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Bombo azali moyángeli == Félicitations! == Questions == Merci Bombo, et merci pour votre travail ici. Je suis Congolais, mais j'ai vecu au dehors du pays pendant longtemps, et je prends ceci comme un challenge, pour ameliorer mes connaissances du lingala literaire - ou plutot correct, car la langue n'etant pas vraiment une langue ecrite a l'origine. Je suis desole que les traductions prennent si longtemps, mais j'y arriverai. Merci. Soit dit en passant, j'ai ajoute un certain nombre de Templates, en particulier celui de la "boite pays" (Infobox:country), mais je ne suis pas sur de comment traduire certain elements du contenu de la boite. Les autres boites que j'ai ajoutees sont "Ba Provinsi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa", "FichePresidentUS", et un certain nombre de petites adaptations necessaires pour l'accessibilite de wiki a partir d'autres langues. J'ai aussi modifié les noms de tous les pays listés dans "bisé ya mokili", selon les noms que mon pere a jugé corrects. J'ai un probleme car je ne sais pas dire Est, Ouest, Sud, et Nord en lingala (pour Afrique du Sud par exemple), et j'ai presumé que "Lisanga ya Amerika" convenait aux Etats-Unis, meme si cela signifie qu'il faudra un jour ajouter une page d'homonymie, pour la differencier de l'OEA. Soit dit en passant aussi, je ne sais pas s'il existe un moyen de dire Etat dans le sens d'etats federés (comme l'Indiana et la Californie aux USA, ou le Chihuahua et le Guadalajara au Mexique). Y'a-t-il aussi un moyen de dire "Federal", autre que "fedelali" que ma grand-mere utilise. Enfin je me demandais si Kɔ́ngɔ etait la prononciation correcte d nom du pays. Car ca a l'air d'etre plutot celle du peuple de l'Ouest du pays. Dans le parle courant, on dit plutot Kɔngɔ́. Mais je reconnais c'est un peu du a l'influence de l'intonation de la langue francaise. L'appelation correcte devrait elle donc se prononcer Kɔ́ngɔ? Je suis heureux de contribuer mes 2 centimes (expression USA) a ce projet. Natondi bino botondi! ---[[User:Themalau|Themalau]] == [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Science_pearls Science pearls] == Hi, I address you as the ambassador of your wikipedia. Please notice the above project. This project, more than other projects, will benefit from inter-wiki cooperation. Can you post a message regarding this project at your wikipedia village pump? Thanks for your help, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:APH APH from the English wiki] == ressource lingala pour l'informatique == Salut Bombo,<br/> Je viens de trouver http://www.erudit.org/revue/meta/1997/v42/n1/003313ar.pdf il y a quelques traductions que nous devrions utiliser. Comme : * bosalisi : aide * kobima : quitter, sortir * kokotisa : entrer * kobikisa : sauvegarder Nous pourrions aussi avoir plus d'infos sur la list http://groups.google.com/group/info-langues-congo ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 15:49, 13 oktobele 2005 (UTC) == salut == Bombo. j'ai vu les modifications que tu as apporte dans rubrique de chimie. merci beaucoup et je vois que mes formes ont ete acceptees. j'ai des probleme avec les accents donc... merci pour tout, a toi et a Moyogo. de Ivo3 ---[[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] == Melesi mingi == Merci pour ton accueil, je débute tout juste en lingala mais je passerais d temps en temps voir si je peux rajouter des interwikis ou aider un peu. [[User:Samyra008|Samyra008]] 19:25, 16 yuni 2006 (UTC) == Trust in Wikipedia == this is [http://hku.hk/cathyma Cathy] from Hong Kong working on a research about trust on Wikipedia. I wonder if you would kindly contact me at researchingmedia@gmail.com? I'd like to chat with you about Wikipedia of your language. Would you kindly drop me your email or IM (Skype, MSN, AIM or ICQ)? It wouldn't take more than ten minutes, but it would help enormously for us to understand the overall trust-based social landscape of Wikipedia. Thank you! * Viel Erfolg beim Aufbau dieser Zweigstelle! Gerbil@de.WP == answered == --[[User:YurikBot|YurikBot]] 04:25, 10 yuli 2006 (UTC) == Interface == Pourqoui préferez d'avoir l'interface en anglais au lieu de français, en attendant des traducteurs?[[sv:user:aaker|aaker]] == merci == merci beaucoup pour les termes je suis sure qu'ils vont m'aider. [[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] == Translation Request (2 sentences) == For the front page of the [http://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Test-wp/nov/ Novial Test Wikipedia] it would be nice to have a Lingala translation of the following 2 sentences: <> Welcome to the Wikipedia in the Novial language! You can read about the international auxiliary language Novial here. <> See the original request at Wikimedia Incubator [http://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incubator:Community_Portal#Multilingual_translation_request_.282_sentences.29 here]. Which flag or other symbol may I use next to the Lingala translation? (I am using flags as far as possible.) Thank you, Nov_ialiste 9356 2006-09-16T22:44:23Z 84.75.123.252 /* Translation Request (2 sentences) */ == traduction des menus == Salut Bombo, Je ne parle pas lingala mais j'ai un intérêt pour la langue, des origines congolaises et un dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála. Ce serait avec plaisir que je participerais au ln.wikipedia. Quelques traductions pour les liens et pages spéciales: *edit **changer - **#kobalola (retourner) **#kobóngola (retourner, transformer) **transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) **modifier - kobalusa *histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) *montrer - *#kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) *#kotálisa (indiquer) *sauver - kokósoli (?) *suivre - kolanda *discussion - Lisano *préférences - ? *contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? *accueil/mainpage - lonkásá ya liboso --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo Merci pour ces traductions. Je suis en contact avec des congolais et avec les résponsables de Wikipédia pour l'accès respectiv pour changer les menus. Merci d'y participer! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:25, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC) == accents et autres == re-Salut, Je me demandais si ce ne serait pas mieux d'utiliser les accents et les caractères spéciaux propres au lingala. De cette façon, lingala serait lingála, mboté mbɔtɛ́, etc. Il y a des avantages et des inconvénients. Le lingala étant une langue peu disponible sur l'internet, la plupart des sources n'utilisent pas ces caractères spéciaux. La littérature sur papier l'utilise presque systématiquement. L'avantage d'utiliser ces caractères est qu'ils indiquent la prononciation (classique). Le désavantage majeur est qu'il n'y a pas de méthodes d'entrée lingala disponible, et donc peu de gens les utilise. Il faudrait donc just rajouter c'est caractère speciaux dans la liste de caractères disponible à l'édition d'article. Il faudrait aussi corriger les mots actuellement présent mais sans l'orthographe classique. Personnellement je suis en faveur d'un usage classique du lingala. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo - Je suis d'accord avec les accents. Pour les caractères spéciales, c'est le problème d'affichage. J'ai vu qu sur la wikipédia alsacienne, il y a un moyen facile pour ajouter des caractères spéciales et les accent. Dès que j'ai les possibilités (mode d'administrateur), j'aime bien d'ajouter cela à la Wikipédia lingala. Il s'agit d'une ligne de lettres avec tout les caractères spéciales et lettres avec accents dans le mode éditer. En cliquant sur une lettre, elle sera écrit à l'endroit ou se trouve le curseur. Merci pour le soutien! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 02:08, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == caractères spéciaux == J'ai fait quelques essais avec un petit article sur la [[politiki|politique]] (retrouvé chez Dzokanga, auteur de Congo-Braza dans le temps communiste). Pour plus de détails sur les caractères spéciaux voir aussi [[user:moyogo]]. * affichage parfaite avec Safari 1.0.3 * affichage avec des ? avec Microsoft Explorer 5.2 ** affichage avec des erreurs avec Microsoft Explorer 6 (Windows) * affichage avec des ? avec Mozilla 1.5 * affichage avec des ? avec Firefox 1.0 ** affichage correct des caractères avec erreurs d'accents avec Firefox 1.0 (Linux) ** affichage presque parfait avec Firefox 1.0 (Windows), avec toutes les fonts installées --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage parfait avec Opera 7.54 (Linux, Windows) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage avec erreurs avec Konqueror 3.3.2 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Je suis pour les caractères spéciaux, mais à condition qu'il sont lisible. Quelle est votre expérience? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:29, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) Pour - ;) Il semble que mes erreurs sous Linux avec Firefox soient à cause d'un bug dans pango, à suivre. Pour le reste Opera affiche tout parfaitement. Konqueror a des problèmes pour presque tout les caractères spéciaux et accents spéciaux (sur mon installation Ubuntu). Il serait utile d'utilisé une font par défaut pour le wikipédia lingala. Je pense que <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium</span> (serif) ou <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode</span> (sans) sont de bonnes options et elles sont disponibles gratuitement. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Merci! J'ai verifié tes exemples sur [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et avec Microsoft Explorer 6.0.3 (Windows Server 2003), ce n'est que Lucida Sans Unicode qui affiche les caractères spéciaux correctement. Je vériferais à la maison avec Macintosh. Les accents sont toujours afiché correctement.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:24, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) A mon avis, les accents ne sont pas discutable. Pour les caractères spéciaux, il faut voir, parceque cela sert à quoi, si ce n'est que lisibles pour ceux qui ont un équipement spéciale? Est-ce que les futurs utilisateurs seront de majorité des exilés en Europe ou des Congolais dans un cyber où il devront prendre l'ordinateur tel qu'il est? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Si Lucida Sans Unicode est la font par défaut les accents et les deux caractères spéciaux vraiment problématiques (ɛ - e ouvert, et ɔ - o ouvert) devraient être affiché correctement, sauf exception. Ces deux caractères sont dans la partie IPA des tables de caractères, les pages IPA sur la majorité des wikipédia affichent en Lucida Sans Unicode par défaut. L'avantage de Lucida Sans Unicode est qu'il est déjà installé sur beaucoup de machine. On pourrait donc définir font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode","Arial Unicode MS","Code 2000",sans-serif; dans les page de style. Voila pour l'affichage. Maintenant pour l'utilisation, il faudrait voir ce que la Société Linguistique Congolaise utilise officiellement. L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] recommande l'usage de ses caractères spéciaux. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 13:26, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) J'ai jeté un coup d'oeil avec Windows, il n'y a presque pas de problème avec les fonts qui ont les caractères spéciaux. Seul Internet Explorer 6 affiche erronement en monospace et avec Default, Arial Unicode MS. Lucida Sans Unicode, Doulos SIL et Gentium fonctionne à merveille sous tous les browsers que j'ai essayer (Mozilla Firefox, Opera). Firefox indique juste les accents légerement déplacés avec la première font (monospace) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 17:32, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Qui voit la différence entre ε et ɛ ? Le premier est la lettre epsilon (grec), la seconde le e ouvert (é) phonétique (IPA). En utilisant la lettre greque, on aura pas les problèmes d'affigage? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:17, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC) Effectivement, le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; et en majuscule &#x0395; &#x26;#x0395;) s'affiche correctement presque universellement. Il s'affiche même presque parfaitement avec les accents &#x03b5; avec accent aigu, circumflex, caron et grave devient &#x03b5;&#x0301; &#x03b5;&#x0302; &#x03b5;&#x030C; &#x03b5;&#x0300;. &#x03b5;&#x0301; (&#x26;#x03b5;&#x26;#x0301;) traduit à l'affichage en un seul caractère &#x03AD; (&#x03AD) qui est epsilon avec tonos, malheureusement le tonos est souvent une barre verticale et non un accent aigu. De plus le petit e ouvert latin (&#x25B; &#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) est du type latin tandis que le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; greek small letter epsilon) est du type grecque ce qui peut parfois leurs donner deux styles bien différent dans certaines fonts. Les autres caractères lingala étant eux aussi du type latin (latin small letter a, latin small open e, etc...). L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC]([ftp://ftp.eki.ee/pub/truetype/uni.pdf (pdf)]) et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] indique clairement que le latin small letter e est le bon caractère et qu'il devient Ɛ (&#x26;#x0190; latin capital letter open e). Ce qui veut dire qu'un article [[ɛlɔ́kɔ]] aura comme titre Ɛlɔ́kɔ et non Εlɔ́kɔ si on utilisait le epsilon et donc [[&#x03b5;lɔ́kɔ]]. En bref, le standard unicode définit &#x25B; (&#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) et Ɛ (&#x0190; latin capital letter open e) comme la lettre africaine. Si seulement il pouvait rajouté nos e et o ouverts avec les accents dans la table unicode pour avoir un caractère chaque fois comme pour les e,a,o,u,i plutot que des combinaisons. En attendant, il suffit d'attendre que nos programmes les affiches mieux. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == clavier lingala == J'ai fait [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala quelques claviers] dont un pour Mac OS X avec la page [http://wordherd.com/keyboards/] est-ce qu'il marche correctement? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Bombo azali moyángeli == Félicitations! == Questions == Merci Bombo, et merci pour votre travail ici. Je suis Congolais, mais j'ai vecu au dehors du pays pendant longtemps, et je prends ceci comme un challenge, pour ameliorer mes connaissances du lingala literaire - ou plutot correct, car la langue n'etant pas vraiment une langue ecrite a l'origine. Je suis desole que les traductions prennent si longtemps, mais j'y arriverai. Merci. Soit dit en passant, j'ai ajoute un certain nombre de Templates, en particulier celui de la "boite pays" (Infobox:country), mais je ne suis pas sur de comment traduire certain elements du contenu de la boite. Les autres boites que j'ai ajoutees sont "Ba Provinsi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa", "FichePresidentUS", et un certain nombre de petites adaptations necessaires pour l'accessibilite de wiki a partir d'autres langues. J'ai aussi modifié les noms de tous les pays listés dans "bisé ya mokili", selon les noms que mon pere a jugé corrects. J'ai un probleme car je ne sais pas dire Est, Ouest, Sud, et Nord en lingala (pour Afrique du Sud par exemple), et j'ai presumé que "Lisanga ya Amerika" convenait aux Etats-Unis, meme si cela signifie qu'il faudra un jour ajouter une page d'homonymie, pour la differencier de l'OEA. Soit dit en passant aussi, je ne sais pas s'il existe un moyen de dire Etat dans le sens d'etats federés (comme l'Indiana et la Californie aux USA, ou le Chihuahua et le Guadalajara au Mexique). Y'a-t-il aussi un moyen de dire "Federal", autre que "fedelali" que ma grand-mere utilise. Enfin je me demandais si Kɔ́ngɔ etait la prononciation correcte d nom du pays. Car ca a l'air d'etre plutot celle du peuple de l'Ouest du pays. Dans le parle courant, on dit plutot Kɔngɔ́. Mais je reconnais c'est un peu du a l'influence de l'intonation de la langue francaise. L'appelation correcte devrait elle donc se prononcer Kɔ́ngɔ? Je suis heureux de contribuer mes 2 centimes (expression USA) a ce projet. Natondi bino botondi! ---[[User:Themalau|Themalau]] == [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Science_pearls Science pearls] == Hi, I address you as the ambassador of your wikipedia. Please notice the above project. This project, more than other projects, will benefit from inter-wiki cooperation. Can you post a message regarding this project at your wikipedia village pump? Thanks for your help, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:APH APH from the English wiki] == ressource lingala pour l'informatique == Salut Bombo,<br/> Je viens de trouver http://www.erudit.org/revue/meta/1997/v42/n1/003313ar.pdf il y a quelques traductions que nous devrions utiliser. Comme : * bosalisi : aide * kobima : quitter, sortir * kokotisa : entrer * kobikisa : sauvegarder Nous pourrions aussi avoir plus d'infos sur la list http://groups.google.com/group/info-langues-congo ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 15:49, 13 oktobele 2005 (UTC) == salut == Bombo. j'ai vu les modifications que tu as apporte dans rubrique de chimie. merci beaucoup et je vois que mes formes ont ete acceptees. j'ai des probleme avec les accents donc... merci pour tout, a toi et a Moyogo. de Ivo3 ---[[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] == Melesi mingi == Merci pour ton accueil, je débute tout juste en lingala mais je passerais d temps en temps voir si je peux rajouter des interwikis ou aider un peu. [[User:Samyra008|Samyra008]] 19:25, 16 yuni 2006 (UTC) == Trust in Wikipedia == this is [http://hku.hk/cathyma Cathy] from Hong Kong working on a research about trust on Wikipedia. I wonder if you would kindly contact me at researchingmedia@gmail.com? I'd like to chat with you about Wikipedia of your language. Would you kindly drop me your email or IM (Skype, MSN, AIM or ICQ)? It wouldn't take more than ten minutes, but it would help enormously for us to understand the overall trust-based social landscape of Wikipedia. Thank you! * Viel Erfolg beim Aufbau dieser Zweigstelle! Gerbil@de.WP == answered == --[[User:YurikBot|YurikBot]] 04:25, 10 yuli 2006 (UTC) == Interface == Pourqoui préferez d'avoir l'interface en anglais au lieu de français, en attendant des traducteurs?[[sv:user:aaker|aaker]] == merci == merci beaucoup pour les termes je suis sure qu'ils vont m'aider. [[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] == Translation Request (2 sentences) == For the front page of the [http://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Test-wp/nov/ Novial Test Wikipedia] it would be nice to have a Lingala translation of the following 2 sentences: <> Welcome to the Wikipedia in the Novial language! ''Mbɔ́tɛ ya wikipedia ya novial.'' You can read about the international auxiliary language Novial here. <> See the original request at Wikimedia Incubator [http://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incubator:Community_Portal#Multilingual_translation_request_.282_sentences.29 here]. Which flag or other symbol may I use next to the Lingala translation? (I am using flags as far as possible.) ''Those from Kongo Brazza and Kongo Kinshasa or may be you prefer the mix of three from Kongo Kinshasa: Image:DRC History Logo.png'' Thank you, Nov_ialiste 9915 2006-12-01T12:10:44Z Ivo3 68 merci pour la liste == traduction des menus == Salut Bombo, Je ne parle pas lingala mais j'ai un intérêt pour la langue, des origines congolaises et un dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála. Ce serait avec plaisir que je participerais au ln.wikipedia. Quelques traductions pour les liens et pages spéciales: *edit **changer - **#kobalola (retourner) **#kobóngola (retourner, transformer) **transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) **modifier - kobalusa *histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) *montrer - *#kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) *#kotálisa (indiquer) *sauver - kokósoli (?) *suivre - kolanda *discussion - Lisano *préférences - ? *contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? *accueil/mainpage - lonkásá ya liboso --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo Merci pour ces traductions. Je suis en contact avec des congolais et avec les résponsables de Wikipédia pour l'accès respectiv pour changer les menus. Merci d'y participer! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:25, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC) == accents et autres == re-Salut, Je me demandais si ce ne serait pas mieux d'utiliser les accents et les caractères spéciaux propres au lingala. De cette façon, lingala serait lingála, mboté mbɔtɛ́, etc. Il y a des avantages et des inconvénients. Le lingala étant une langue peu disponible sur l'internet, la plupart des sources n'utilisent pas ces caractères spéciaux. La littérature sur papier l'utilise presque systématiquement. L'avantage d'utiliser ces caractères est qu'ils indiquent la prononciation (classique). Le désavantage majeur est qu'il n'y a pas de méthodes d'entrée lingala disponible, et donc peu de gens les utilise. Il faudrait donc just rajouter c'est caractère speciaux dans la liste de caractères disponible à l'édition d'article. Il faudrait aussi corriger les mots actuellement présent mais sans l'orthographe classique. Personnellement je suis en faveur d'un usage classique du lingala. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo - Je suis d'accord avec les accents. Pour les caractères spéciales, c'est le problème d'affichage. J'ai vu qu sur la wikipédia alsacienne, il y a un moyen facile pour ajouter des caractères spéciales et les accent. Dès que j'ai les possibilités (mode d'administrateur), j'aime bien d'ajouter cela à la Wikipédia lingala. Il s'agit d'une ligne de lettres avec tout les caractères spéciales et lettres avec accents dans le mode éditer. En cliquant sur une lettre, elle sera écrit à l'endroit ou se trouve le curseur. Merci pour le soutien! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 02:08, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == caractères spéciaux == J'ai fait quelques essais avec un petit article sur la [[politiki|politique]] (retrouvé chez Dzokanga, auteur de Congo-Braza dans le temps communiste). Pour plus de détails sur les caractères spéciaux voir aussi [[user:moyogo]]. * affichage parfaite avec Safari 1.0.3 * affichage avec des ? avec Microsoft Explorer 5.2 ** affichage avec des erreurs avec Microsoft Explorer 6 (Windows) * affichage avec des ? avec Mozilla 1.5 * affichage avec des ? avec Firefox 1.0 ** affichage correct des caractères avec erreurs d'accents avec Firefox 1.0 (Linux) ** affichage presque parfait avec Firefox 1.0 (Windows), avec toutes les fonts installées --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage parfait avec Opera 7.54 (Linux, Windows) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage avec erreurs avec Konqueror 3.3.2 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Je suis pour les caractères spéciaux, mais à condition qu'il sont lisible. Quelle est votre expérience? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:29, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) Pour - ;) Il semble que mes erreurs sous Linux avec Firefox soient à cause d'un bug dans pango, à suivre. Pour le reste Opera affiche tout parfaitement. Konqueror a des problèmes pour presque tout les caractères spéciaux et accents spéciaux (sur mon installation Ubuntu). Il serait utile d'utilisé une font par défaut pour le wikipédia lingala. Je pense que <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium</span> (serif) ou <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode</span> (sans) sont de bonnes options et elles sont disponibles gratuitement. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Merci! J'ai verifié tes exemples sur [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et avec Microsoft Explorer 6.0.3 (Windows Server 2003), ce n'est que Lucida Sans Unicode qui affiche les caractères spéciaux correctement. Je vériferais à la maison avec Macintosh. Les accents sont toujours afiché correctement.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:24, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) A mon avis, les accents ne sont pas discutable. Pour les caractères spéciaux, il faut voir, parceque cela sert à quoi, si ce n'est que lisibles pour ceux qui ont un équipement spéciale? Est-ce que les futurs utilisateurs seront de majorité des exilés en Europe ou des Congolais dans un cyber où il devront prendre l'ordinateur tel qu'il est? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Si Lucida Sans Unicode est la font par défaut les accents et les deux caractères spéciaux vraiment problématiques (ɛ - e ouvert, et ɔ - o ouvert) devraient être affiché correctement, sauf exception. Ces deux caractères sont dans la partie IPA des tables de caractères, les pages IPA sur la majorité des wikipédia affichent en Lucida Sans Unicode par défaut. L'avantage de Lucida Sans Unicode est qu'il est déjà installé sur beaucoup de machine. On pourrait donc définir font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode","Arial Unicode MS","Code 2000",sans-serif; dans les page de style. Voila pour l'affichage. Maintenant pour l'utilisation, il faudrait voir ce que la Société Linguistique Congolaise utilise officiellement. L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] recommande l'usage de ses caractères spéciaux. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 13:26, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) J'ai jeté un coup d'oeil avec Windows, il n'y a presque pas de problème avec les fonts qui ont les caractères spéciaux. Seul Internet Explorer 6 affiche erronement en monospace et avec Default, Arial Unicode MS. Lucida Sans Unicode, Doulos SIL et Gentium fonctionne à merveille sous tous les browsers que j'ai essayer (Mozilla Firefox, Opera). Firefox indique juste les accents légerement déplacés avec la première font (monospace) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 17:32, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Qui voit la différence entre ε et ɛ ? Le premier est la lettre epsilon (grec), la seconde le e ouvert (é) phonétique (IPA). En utilisant la lettre greque, on aura pas les problèmes d'affigage? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:17, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC) Effectivement, le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; et en majuscule &#x0395; &#x26;#x0395;) s'affiche correctement presque universellement. Il s'affiche même presque parfaitement avec les accents &#x03b5; avec accent aigu, circumflex, caron et grave devient &#x03b5;&#x0301; &#x03b5;&#x0302; &#x03b5;&#x030C; &#x03b5;&#x0300;. &#x03b5;&#x0301; (&#x26;#x03b5;&#x26;#x0301;) traduit à l'affichage en un seul caractère &#x03AD; (&#x03AD) qui est epsilon avec tonos, malheureusement le tonos est souvent une barre verticale et non un accent aigu. De plus le petit e ouvert latin (&#x25B; &#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) est du type latin tandis que le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; greek small letter epsilon) est du type grecque ce qui peut parfois leurs donner deux styles bien différent dans certaines fonts. Les autres caractères lingala étant eux aussi du type latin (latin small letter a, latin small open e, etc...). L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC]([ftp://ftp.eki.ee/pub/truetype/uni.pdf (pdf)]) et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] indique clairement que le latin small letter e est le bon caractère et qu'il devient Ɛ (&#x26;#x0190; latin capital letter open e). Ce qui veut dire qu'un article [[ɛlɔ́kɔ]] aura comme titre Ɛlɔ́kɔ et non Εlɔ́kɔ si on utilisait le epsilon et donc [[&#x03b5;lɔ́kɔ]]. En bref, le standard unicode définit &#x25B; (&#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) et Ɛ (&#x0190; latin capital letter open e) comme la lettre africaine. Si seulement il pouvait rajouté nos e et o ouverts avec les accents dans la table unicode pour avoir un caractère chaque fois comme pour les e,a,o,u,i plutot que des combinaisons. En attendant, il suffit d'attendre que nos programmes les affiches mieux. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == clavier lingala == J'ai fait [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala quelques claviers] dont un pour Mac OS X avec la page [http://wordherd.com/keyboards/] est-ce qu'il marche correctement? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Bombo azali moyángeli == Félicitations! == Questions == Merci Bombo, et merci pour votre travail ici. Je suis Congolais, mais j'ai vecu au dehors du pays pendant longtemps, et je prends ceci comme un challenge, pour ameliorer mes connaissances du lingala literaire - ou plutot correct, car la langue n'etant pas vraiment une langue ecrite a l'origine. Je suis desole que les traductions prennent si longtemps, mais j'y arriverai. Merci. Soit dit en passant, j'ai ajoute un certain nombre de Templates, en particulier celui de la "boite pays" (Infobox:country), mais je ne suis pas sur de comment traduire certain elements du contenu de la boite. Les autres boites que j'ai ajoutees sont "Ba Provinsi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa", "FichePresidentUS", et un certain nombre de petites adaptations necessaires pour l'accessibilite de wiki a partir d'autres langues. J'ai aussi modifié les noms de tous les pays listés dans "bisé ya mokili", selon les noms que mon pere a jugé corrects. J'ai un probleme car je ne sais pas dire Est, Ouest, Sud, et Nord en lingala (pour Afrique du Sud par exemple), et j'ai presumé que "Lisanga ya Amerika" convenait aux Etats-Unis, meme si cela signifie qu'il faudra un jour ajouter une page d'homonymie, pour la differencier de l'OEA. Soit dit en passant aussi, je ne sais pas s'il existe un moyen de dire Etat dans le sens d'etats federés (comme l'Indiana et la Californie aux USA, ou le Chihuahua et le Guadalajara au Mexique). Y'a-t-il aussi un moyen de dire "Federal", autre que "fedelali" que ma grand-mere utilise. Enfin je me demandais si Kɔ́ngɔ etait la prononciation correcte d nom du pays. Car ca a l'air d'etre plutot celle du peuple de l'Ouest du pays. Dans le parle courant, on dit plutot Kɔngɔ́. Mais je reconnais c'est un peu du a l'influence de l'intonation de la langue francaise. L'appelation correcte devrait elle donc se prononcer Kɔ́ngɔ? Je suis heureux de contribuer mes 2 centimes (expression USA) a ce projet. Natondi bino botondi! ---[[User:Themalau|Themalau]] == [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Science_pearls Science pearls] == Hi, I address you as the ambassador of your wikipedia. Please notice the above project. This project, more than other projects, will benefit from inter-wiki cooperation. Can you post a message regarding this project at your wikipedia village pump? Thanks for your help, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:APH APH from the English wiki] == ressource lingala pour l'informatique == Salut Bombo,<br/> Je viens de trouver http://www.erudit.org/revue/meta/1997/v42/n1/003313ar.pdf il y a quelques traductions que nous devrions utiliser. Comme : * bosalisi : aide * kobima : quitter, sortir * kokotisa : entrer * kobikisa : sauvegarder Nous pourrions aussi avoir plus d'infos sur la list http://groups.google.com/group/info-langues-congo ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 15:49, 13 oktobele 2005 (UTC) == salut == Bombo. j'ai vu les modifications que tu as apporte dans rubrique de chimie. merci beaucoup et je vois que mes formes ont ete acceptees. j'ai des probleme avec les accents donc... merci pour tout, a toi et a Moyogo. de Ivo3 ---[[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] == Melesi mingi == Merci pour ton accueil, je débute tout juste en lingala mais je passerais d temps en temps voir si je peux rajouter des interwikis ou aider un peu. [[User:Samyra008|Samyra008]] 19:25, 16 yuni 2006 (UTC) == Trust in Wikipedia == this is [http://hku.hk/cathyma Cathy] from Hong Kong working on a research about trust on Wikipedia. I wonder if you would kindly contact me at researchingmedia@gmail.com? I'd like to chat with you about Wikipedia of your language. Would you kindly drop me your email or IM (Skype, MSN, AIM or ICQ)? It wouldn't take more than ten minutes, but it would help enormously for us to understand the overall trust-based social landscape of Wikipedia. Thank you! * Viel Erfolg beim Aufbau dieser Zweigstelle! Gerbil@de.WP == answered == --[[User:YurikBot|YurikBot]] 04:25, 10 yuli 2006 (UTC) == Interface == Pourqoui préferez d'avoir l'interface en anglais au lieu de français, en attendant des traducteurs?[[sv:user:aaker|aaker]] == merci == merci beaucoup pour les termes je suis sure qu'ils vont m'aider. [[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] == Translation Request (2 sentences) == For the front page of the [http://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Test-wp/nov/ Novial Test Wikipedia] it would be nice to have a Lingala translation of the following 2 sentences: <> Welcome to the Wikipedia in the Novial language! ''Mbɔ́tɛ ya wikipedia ya novial.'' You can read about the international auxiliary language Novial here. <> See the original request at Wikimedia Incubator [http://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incubator:Community_Portal#Multilingual_translation_request_.282_sentences.29 here]. Which flag or other symbol may I use next to the Lingala translation? (I am using flags as far as possible.) ''Those from Kongo Brazza and Kongo Kinshasa or may be you prefer the mix of three from Kongo Kinshasa: Image:DRC History Logo.png'' Thank you, Nov_ialiste == merci pour la liste == merci pour la liste --[[Ivo3|Ivo3]] 9916 2006-12-01T12:11:54Z Ivo3 68 /* merci pour la liste */ == traduction des menus == Salut Bombo, Je ne parle pas lingala mais j'ai un intérêt pour la langue, des origines congolaises et un dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála. Ce serait avec plaisir que je participerais au ln.wikipedia. Quelques traductions pour les liens et pages spéciales: *edit **changer - **#kobalola (retourner) **#kobóngola (retourner, transformer) **transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) **modifier - kobalusa *histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) *montrer - *#kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) *#kotálisa (indiquer) *sauver - kokósoli (?) *suivre - kolanda *discussion - Lisano *préférences - ? *contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? *accueil/mainpage - lonkásá ya liboso --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo Merci pour ces traductions. Je suis en contact avec des congolais et avec les résponsables de Wikipédia pour l'accès respectiv pour changer les menus. Merci d'y participer! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:25, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC) == accents et autres == re-Salut, Je me demandais si ce ne serait pas mieux d'utiliser les accents et les caractères spéciaux propres au lingala. De cette façon, lingala serait lingála, mboté mbɔtɛ́, etc. Il y a des avantages et des inconvénients. Le lingala étant une langue peu disponible sur l'internet, la plupart des sources n'utilisent pas ces caractères spéciaux. La littérature sur papier l'utilise presque systématiquement. L'avantage d'utiliser ces caractères est qu'ils indiquent la prononciation (classique). Le désavantage majeur est qu'il n'y a pas de méthodes d'entrée lingala disponible, et donc peu de gens les utilise. Il faudrait donc just rajouter c'est caractère speciaux dans la liste de caractères disponible à l'édition d'article. Il faudrait aussi corriger les mots actuellement présent mais sans l'orthographe classique. Personnellement je suis en faveur d'un usage classique du lingala. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo - Je suis d'accord avec les accents. Pour les caractères spéciales, c'est le problème d'affichage. J'ai vu qu sur la wikipédia alsacienne, il y a un moyen facile pour ajouter des caractères spéciales et les accent. Dès que j'ai les possibilités (mode d'administrateur), j'aime bien d'ajouter cela à la Wikipédia lingala. Il s'agit d'une ligne de lettres avec tout les caractères spéciales et lettres avec accents dans le mode éditer. En cliquant sur une lettre, elle sera écrit à l'endroit ou se trouve le curseur. Merci pour le soutien! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 02:08, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == caractères spéciaux == J'ai fait quelques essais avec un petit article sur la [[politiki|politique]] (retrouvé chez Dzokanga, auteur de Congo-Braza dans le temps communiste). Pour plus de détails sur les caractères spéciaux voir aussi [[user:moyogo]]. * affichage parfaite avec Safari 1.0.3 * affichage avec des ? avec Microsoft Explorer 5.2 ** affichage avec des erreurs avec Microsoft Explorer 6 (Windows) * affichage avec des ? avec Mozilla 1.5 * affichage avec des ? avec Firefox 1.0 ** affichage correct des caractères avec erreurs d'accents avec Firefox 1.0 (Linux) ** affichage presque parfait avec Firefox 1.0 (Windows), avec toutes les fonts installées --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage parfait avec Opera 7.54 (Linux, Windows) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] * affichage avec erreurs avec Konqueror 3.3.2 (Linux) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Je suis pour les caractères spéciaux, mais à condition qu'il sont lisible. Quelle est votre expérience? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:29, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) Pour - ;) Il semble que mes erreurs sous Linux avec Firefox soient à cause d'un bug dans pango, à suivre. Pour le reste Opera affiche tout parfaitement. Konqueror a des problèmes pour presque tout les caractères spéciaux et accents spéciaux (sur mon installation Ubuntu). Il serait utile d'utilisé une font par défaut pour le wikipédia lingala. Je pense que <span style="font-family:Gentium">Gentium</span> (serif) ou <span style="font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode'">Lucida Sans Unicode</span> (sans) sont de bonnes options et elles sont disponibles gratuitement. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:03, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Merci! J'ai verifié tes exemples sur [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et avec Microsoft Explorer 6.0.3 (Windows Server 2003), ce n'est que Lucida Sans Unicode qui affiche les caractères spéciaux correctement. Je vériferais à la maison avec Macintosh. Les accents sont toujours afiché correctement.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:24, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) A mon avis, les accents ne sont pas discutable. Pour les caractères spéciaux, il faut voir, parceque cela sert à quoi, si ce n'est que lisibles pour ceux qui ont un équipement spéciale? Est-ce que les futurs utilisateurs seront de majorité des exilés en Europe ou des Congolais dans un cyber où il devront prendre l'ordinateur tel qu'il est? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Si Lucida Sans Unicode est la font par défaut les accents et les deux caractères spéciaux vraiment problématiques (ɛ - e ouvert, et ɔ - o ouvert) devraient être affiché correctement, sauf exception. Ces deux caractères sont dans la partie IPA des tables de caractères, les pages IPA sur la majorité des wikipédia affichent en Lucida Sans Unicode par défaut. L'avantage de Lucida Sans Unicode est qu'il est déjà installé sur beaucoup de machine. On pourrait donc définir font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode","Arial Unicode MS","Code 2000",sans-serif; dans les page de style. Voila pour l'affichage. Maintenant pour l'utilisation, il faudrait voir ce que la Société Linguistique Congolaise utilise officiellement. L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC] recommande l'usage de ses caractères spéciaux. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 13:26, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) J'ai jeté un coup d'oeil avec Windows, il n'y a presque pas de problème avec les fonts qui ont les caractères spéciaux. Seul Internet Explorer 6 affiche erronement en monospace et avec Default, Arial Unicode MS. Lucida Sans Unicode, Doulos SIL et Gentium fonctionne à merveille sous tous les browsers que j'ai essayer (Mozilla Firefox, Opera). Firefox indique juste les accents légerement déplacés avec la première font (monospace) --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 17:32, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC) Qui voit la différence entre ε et ɛ ? Le premier est la lettre epsilon (grec), la seconde le e ouvert (é) phonétique (IPA). En utilisant la lettre greque, on aura pas les problèmes d'affigage? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:17, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC) Effectivement, le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; et en majuscule &#x0395; &#x26;#x0395;) s'affiche correctement presque universellement. Il s'affiche même presque parfaitement avec les accents &#x03b5; avec accent aigu, circumflex, caron et grave devient &#x03b5;&#x0301; &#x03b5;&#x0302; &#x03b5;&#x030C; &#x03b5;&#x0300;. &#x03b5;&#x0301; (&#x26;#x03b5;&#x26;#x0301;) traduit à l'affichage en un seul caractère &#x03AD; (&#x03AD) qui est epsilon avec tonos, malheureusement le tonos est souvent une barre verticale et non un accent aigu. De plus le petit e ouvert latin (&#x25B; &#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) est du type latin tandis que le epsilon (&#x03b5; &#x26;#x03b5; greek small letter epsilon) est du type grecque ce qui peut parfois leurs donner deux styles bien différent dans certaines fonts. Les autres caractères lingala étant eux aussi du type latin (latin small letter a, latin small open e, etc...). L'[http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~seidlf/ALRC.html ALRC]([ftp://ftp.eki.ee/pub/truetype/uni.pdf (pdf)]) et [http://sivanataraja.free.fr/phone/non-ie/afrique/afrique.htm] indique clairement que le latin small letter e est le bon caractère et qu'il devient Ɛ (&#x26;#x0190; latin capital letter open e). Ce qui veut dire qu'un article [[ɛlɔ́kɔ]] aura comme titre Ɛlɔ́kɔ et non Εlɔ́kɔ si on utilisait le epsilon et donc [[&#x03b5;lɔ́kɔ]]. En bref, le standard unicode définit &#x25B; (&#x26;#x25B latin small letter e) et Ɛ (&#x0190; latin capital letter open e) comme la lettre africaine. Si seulement il pouvait rajouté nos e et o ouverts avec les accents dans la table unicode pour avoir un caractère chaque fois comme pour les e,a,o,u,i plutot que des combinaisons. En attendant, il suffit d'attendre que nos programmes les affiches mieux. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == clavier lingala == J'ai fait [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala quelques claviers] dont un pour Mac OS X avec la page [http://wordherd.com/keyboards/] est-ce qu'il marche correctement? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Bombo azali moyángeli == Félicitations! == Questions == Merci Bombo, et merci pour votre travail ici. Je suis Congolais, mais j'ai vecu au dehors du pays pendant longtemps, et je prends ceci comme un challenge, pour ameliorer mes connaissances du lingala literaire - ou plutot correct, car la langue n'etant pas vraiment une langue ecrite a l'origine. Je suis desole que les traductions prennent si longtemps, mais j'y arriverai. Merci. Soit dit en passant, j'ai ajoute un certain nombre de Templates, en particulier celui de la "boite pays" (Infobox:country), mais je ne suis pas sur de comment traduire certain elements du contenu de la boite. Les autres boites que j'ai ajoutees sont "Ba Provinsi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa", "FichePresidentUS", et un certain nombre de petites adaptations necessaires pour l'accessibilite de wiki a partir d'autres langues. J'ai aussi modifié les noms de tous les pays listés dans "bisé ya mokili", selon les noms que mon pere a jugé corrects. J'ai un probleme car je ne sais pas dire Est, Ouest, Sud, et Nord en lingala (pour Afrique du Sud par exemple), et j'ai presumé que "Lisanga ya Amerika" convenait aux Etats-Unis, meme si cela signifie qu'il faudra un jour ajouter une page d'homonymie, pour la differencier de l'OEA. Soit dit en passant aussi, je ne sais pas s'il existe un moyen de dire Etat dans le sens d'etats federés (comme l'Indiana et la Californie aux USA, ou le Chihuahua et le Guadalajara au Mexique). Y'a-t-il aussi un moyen de dire "Federal", autre que "fedelali" que ma grand-mere utilise. Enfin je me demandais si Kɔ́ngɔ etait la prononciation correcte d nom du pays. Car ca a l'air d'etre plutot celle du peuple de l'Ouest du pays. Dans le parle courant, on dit plutot Kɔngɔ́. Mais je reconnais c'est un peu du a l'influence de l'intonation de la langue francaise. L'appelation correcte devrait elle donc se prononcer Kɔ́ngɔ? Je suis heureux de contribuer mes 2 centimes (expression USA) a ce projet. Natondi bino botondi! ---[[User:Themalau|Themalau]] == [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Science_pearls Science pearls] == Hi, I address you as the ambassador of your wikipedia. Please notice the above project. This project, more than other projects, will benefit from inter-wiki cooperation. Can you post a message regarding this project at your wikipedia village pump? Thanks for your help, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:APH APH from the English wiki] == ressource lingala pour l'informatique == Salut Bombo,<br/> Je viens de trouver http://www.erudit.org/revue/meta/1997/v42/n1/003313ar.pdf il y a quelques traductions que nous devrions utiliser. Comme : * bosalisi : aide * kobima : quitter, sortir * kokotisa : entrer * kobikisa : sauvegarder Nous pourrions aussi avoir plus d'infos sur la list http://groups.google.com/group/info-langues-congo ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 15:49, 13 oktobele 2005 (UTC) == salut == Bombo. j'ai vu les modifications que tu as apporte dans rubrique de chimie. merci beaucoup et je vois que mes formes ont ete acceptees. j'ai des probleme avec les accents donc... merci pour tout, a toi et a Moyogo. de Ivo3 ---[[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] == Melesi mingi == Merci pour ton accueil, je débute tout juste en lingala mais je passerais d temps en temps voir si je peux rajouter des interwikis ou aider un peu. [[User:Samyra008|Samyra008]] 19:25, 16 yuni 2006 (UTC) == Trust in Wikipedia == this is [http://hku.hk/cathyma Cathy] from Hong Kong working on a research about trust on Wikipedia. I wonder if you would kindly contact me at researchingmedia@gmail.com? I'd like to chat with you about Wikipedia of your language. Would you kindly drop me your email or IM (Skype, MSN, AIM or ICQ)? It wouldn't take more than ten minutes, but it would help enormously for us to understand the overall trust-based social landscape of Wikipedia. Thank you! * Viel Erfolg beim Aufbau dieser Zweigstelle! Gerbil@de.WP == answered == --[[User:YurikBot|YurikBot]] 04:25, 10 yuli 2006 (UTC) == Interface == Pourqoui préferez d'avoir l'interface en anglais au lieu de français, en attendant des traducteurs?[[sv:user:aaker|aaker]] == merci == merci beaucoup pour les termes je suis sure qu'ils vont m'aider. [[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] == Translation Request (2 sentences) == For the front page of the [http://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Test-wp/nov/ Novial Test Wikipedia] it would be nice to have a Lingala translation of the following 2 sentences: <> Welcome to the Wikipedia in the Novial language! ''Mbɔ́tɛ ya wikipedia ya novial.'' You can read about the international auxiliary language Novial here. <> See the original request at Wikimedia Incubator [http://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incubator:Community_Portal#Multilingual_translation_request_.282_sentences.29 here]. Which flag or other symbol may I use next to the Lingala translation? (I am using flags as far as possible.) ''Those from Kongo Brazza and Kongo Kinshasa or may be you prefer the mix of three from Kongo Kinshasa: Image:DRC History Logo.png'' Thank you, Nov_ialiste == merci pour la liste == merci pour la liste --[[User:Ivo3|Ivo3]] Moto 1056 2650 2005-03-04T13:43:28Z Moyogo 11 '''Moto''': [[mobáli]] na [[mwásí]]. [[Image:Human.png|framed|right|''[[mobáli]] na [[mwásí]]'']] [[en:Human]] [[ar:&#1575;&#1606;&#1587;&#1575;&#1606;]] [[ast:Homo sapiens]] [[ca:Homo sapiens sapiens]] [[da:Menneske]] [[de:Mensch]] [[el:&#902;&#957;&#952;&#961;&#969;&#960;&#959;&#962;]] [[eo:Homo]] [[es:Homo sapiens]] [[fi: ihminen]] [[fr:Homo Sapiens]] [[gl:Ser Humano]] [[hr:&#269;ovjek]] [[hu: Ember]] [[id:Manusia]] [[it:Uomo]] [[ja:&#20154;&#38291;]] [[ja:%E3%83%9B%E3%83%A2%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B5%E3%83%94%E3%82%A8%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9]] [[ko:&#51064;&#44036;]] [[nah:Tlaca]] [[ms:Manusia]] [[nl:Mens]] [[nds:Minsch]] [[pl:Cz%B3owiek]] [[pt:Homo sapiens]] [[ro:Om]] [[ru:&#1063;&#1077;&#1083;&#1086;&#1074;&#1077;&#1082;]] [[simple:Human]] [[sk:&#269;lovek]] [[sl:&#269;lovek]] [[fi:Ihminen]] [[sv:Människan]] [[tl:Tao]] [[tr:&#304;nsan]] [[uk:&#1051;&#1102;&#1076;&#1080;&#1085;&#1072;]] [[zh:&#20154;]] 4624 2005-05-11T04:40:20Z Moyogo 11 {{ndámbo}} {{ndámbo}} '''Moto''': [[mobáli]] na [[mwásí]]. [[Image:Human.png|framed|right|''[[mobáli]] na [[mwásí]]'']] [[en:Human]] [[ar:&#1575;&#1606;&#1587;&#1575;&#1606;]] [[ast:Homo sapiens]] [[ca:Homo sapiens sapiens]] [[da:Menneske]] [[de:Mensch]] [[el:&#902;&#957;&#952;&#961;&#969;&#960;&#959;&#962;]] [[eo:Homo]] [[es:Homo sapiens]] [[fi: ihminen]] [[fr:Homo Sapiens]] [[gl:Ser Humano]] [[hr:&#269;ovjek]] [[hu: Ember]] [[id:Manusia]] [[it:Uomo]] [[ja:&#20154;&#38291;]] [[ja:%E3%83%9B%E3%83%A2%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B5%E3%83%94%E3%82%A8%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9]] [[ko:&#51064;&#44036;]] [[nah:Tlaca]] [[ms:Manusia]] [[nl:Mens]] [[nds:Minsch]] [[pl:Cz%B3owiek]] [[pt:Homo sapiens]] [[ro:Om]] [[ru:&#1063;&#1077;&#1083;&#1086;&#1074;&#1077;&#1082;]] [[simple:Human]] [[sk:&#269;lovek]] [[sl:&#269;lovek]] [[fi:Ihminen]] [[sv:Människan]] [[tl:Tao]] [[tr:&#304;nsan]] [[uk:&#1051;&#1102;&#1076;&#1080;&#1085;&#1072;]] [[zh:&#20154;]] 6662 2005-11-04T09:31:18Z Moyogo 11 150px {{ndámbo}} '''Moto''': [[mobáli]] na [[mwásí]]. [[Image:Human.png|thumb|right|150px|''[[mobáli]] na [[mwásí]]'']] [[en:Human]] [[ar:&#1575;&#1606;&#1587;&#1575;&#1606;]] [[ast:Homo sapiens]] [[ca:Homo sapiens sapiens]] [[da:Menneske]] [[de:Mensch]] [[el:&#902;&#957;&#952;&#961;&#969;&#960;&#959;&#962;]] [[eo:Homo]] [[es:Homo sapiens]] [[fi: ihminen]] [[fr:Homo Sapiens]] [[gl:Ser Humano]] [[hr:&#269;ovjek]] [[hu: Ember]] [[id:Manusia]] [[it:Uomo]] [[ja:&#20154;&#38291;]] [[ja:%E3%83%9B%E3%83%A2%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B5%E3%83%94%E3%82%A8%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9]] [[ko:&#51064;&#44036;]] [[nah:Tlaca]] [[ms:Manusia]] [[nl:Mens]] [[nds:Minsch]] [[pl:Cz%B3owiek]] [[pt:Homo sapiens]] [[ro:Om]] [[ru:&#1063;&#1077;&#1083;&#1086;&#1074;&#1077;&#1082;]] [[simple:Human]] [[sk:&#269;lovek]] [[sl:&#269;lovek]] [[fi:Ihminen]] [[sv:Människan]] [[tl:Tao]] [[tr:&#304;nsan]] [[uk:&#1051;&#1102;&#1076;&#1080;&#1085;&#1072;]] [[zh:&#20154;]] 7566 2006-01-10T01:03:30Z Moyogo 11 {{ndámbo}} '''Moto''' azalí na [[bomoto]], azalí o kelasí [[nyama ya mabɛ́lɛ]], ya kelasí ''[[Homo]]''. [[Image:Human.png|thumb|right|150px|''[[mobáli]] na [[mwásí]]'']] [[en:Human]] [[ar:&#1575;&#1606;&#1587;&#1575;&#1606;]] [[ast:Homo sapiens]] [[ca:Homo sapiens sapiens]] [[da:Menneske]] [[de:Mensch]] [[el:&#902;&#957;&#952;&#961;&#969;&#960;&#959;&#962;]] [[eo:Homo]] [[es:Homo sapiens]] [[fi: ihminen]] [[fr:Homo Sapiens]] [[gl:Ser Humano]] [[hr:&#269;ovjek]] [[hu: Ember]] [[id:Manusia]] [[it:Uomo]] [[ja:&#20154;&#38291;]] [[ja:%E3%83%9B%E3%83%A2%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B5%E3%83%94%E3%82%A8%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9]] [[ko:&#51064;&#44036;]] [[nah:Tlaca]] [[ms:Manusia]] [[nl:Mens]] [[nds:Minsch]] [[pl:Cz%B3owiek]] [[pt:Homo sapiens]] [[ro:Om]] [[ru:&#1063;&#1077;&#1083;&#1086;&#1074;&#1077;&#1082;]] [[simple:Human]] [[sk:&#269;lovek]] [[sl:&#269;lovek]] [[fi:Ihminen]] [[sv:Människan]] [[tl:Tao]] [[tr:&#304;nsan]] [[uk:&#1051;&#1102;&#1076;&#1080;&#1085;&#1072;]] [[zh:&#20154;]] 7567 2006-01-10T01:10:43Z Moyogo 11 {{ndámbo}} '''Moto''' azalí na [[bomoto]], azalí o kelási [[nyama ya mabɛ́lɛ]], ya kelási ''[[Homo]]''. Moto atámbolaka na [[likolo|makolo]] mábalé na loléngé la botɛ́lɛmi. [[Image:Human.png|thumb|right|150px|''[[mobáli]] na [[mwásí]]'']] [[en:Human]] [[ar:&#1575;&#1606;&#1587;&#1575;&#1606;]] [[ast:Homo sapiens]] [[ca:Homo sapiens sapiens]] [[da:Menneske]] [[de:Mensch]] [[el:&#902;&#957;&#952;&#961;&#969;&#960;&#959;&#962;]] [[eo:Homo]] [[es:Homo sapiens]] [[fi: ihminen]] [[fr:Homo Sapiens]] [[gl:Ser Humano]] [[hr:&#269;ovjek]] [[hu: Ember]] [[id:Manusia]] [[it:Uomo]] [[ja:&#20154;&#38291;]] [[ja:%E3%83%9B%E3%83%A2%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B5%E3%83%94%E3%82%A8%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9]] [[ko:&#51064;&#44036;]] [[nah:Tlaca]] [[ms:Manusia]] [[nl:Mens]] [[nds:Minsch]] [[pl:Cz%B3owiek]] [[pt:Homo sapiens]] [[ro:Om]] [[ru:&#1063;&#1077;&#1083;&#1086;&#1074;&#1077;&#1082;]] [[simple:Human]] [[sk:&#269;lovek]] [[sl:&#269;lovek]] [[fi:Ihminen]] [[sv:Människan]] [[tl:Tao]] [[tr:&#304;nsan]] [[uk:&#1051;&#1102;&#1076;&#1080;&#1085;&#1072;]] [[zh:&#20154;]] 7569 2006-01-10T01:13:18Z Moyogo 11 cat {{ndámbo}} '''Moto''' azalí na [[bomoto]], azalí o kelási [[nyama ya mabɛ́lɛ]], ya kelási ''[[Homo]]''. Moto atámbolaka na [[likolo|makolo]] mábalé na loléngé la botɛ́lɛmi. [[Image:Human.png|thumb|right|150px|''[[mobáli]] na [[mwásí]]'']] [[Category:Moto]] [[en:Human]] [[ar:&#1575;&#1606;&#1587;&#1575;&#1606;]] [[ast:Homo sapiens]] [[ca:Homo sapiens sapiens]] [[da:Menneske]] [[de:Mensch]] [[el:&#902;&#957;&#952;&#961;&#969;&#960;&#959;&#962;]] [[eo:Homo]] [[es:Homo sapiens]] [[fi: ihminen]] [[fr:Homo Sapiens]] [[gl:Ser Humano]] [[hr:&#269;ovjek]] [[hu: Ember]] [[id:Manusia]] [[it:Uomo]] [[ja:&#20154;&#38291;]] [[ja:%E3%83%9B%E3%83%A2%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B5%E3%83%94%E3%82%A8%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9]] [[ko:&#51064;&#44036;]] [[nah:Tlaca]] [[ms:Manusia]] [[nl:Mens]] [[nds:Minsch]] [[pl:Cz%B3owiek]] [[pt:Homo sapiens]] [[ro:Om]] [[ru:&#1063;&#1077;&#1083;&#1086;&#1074;&#1077;&#1082;]] [[simple:Human]] [[sk:&#269;lovek]] [[sl:&#269;lovek]] [[fi:Ihminen]] [[sv:Människan]] [[tl:Tao]] [[tr:&#304;nsan]] [[uk:&#1051;&#1102;&#1076;&#1080;&#1085;&#1072;]] [[zh:&#20154;]] 8504 2006-07-01T17:43:14Z Robbot 14 robot Ajoute: af, bg, bn, br, bs, cs, cv, dz, eu, fy, ga, he, ia, io, is, iu, ku, kw, la, li, lt, mk, nn, no, os, scn, sh, sr, th, ug, vi, zh-min-nan Retire: ro Modifie: ar, ast, es, fr, it, ja, ko, nah, pl, ru, sk, sv {{ndámbo}} '''Moto''' azalí na [[bomoto]], azalí o kelási [[nyama ya mabɛ́lɛ]], ya kelási ''[[Homo]]''. Moto atámbolaka na [[likolo|makolo]] mábalé na loléngé la botɛ́lɛmi. [[Image:Human.png|thumb|right|150px|''[[mobáli]] na [[mwásí]]'']] [[Category:Moto]] [[af:Man]] [[ar:إنسان]] [[ast:Homo sapiens sapiens]] [[bg:Човек]] [[bn:মানুষ]] [[br:Den]] [[bs:Čovjek]] [[ca:Homo sapiens sapiens]] [[cs:Člověk]] [[cv:Тăнлă çын]] [[da:Menneske]] [[de:Mensch]] [[dz:Omo dapeonz]] [[el:Άνθρωπος]] [[en:Human]] [[eo:Homo]] [[es:Humano]] [[eu:Homo sapiens]] [[fi:Ihminen]] [[fr:Homo sapiens]] [[fy:Minske]] [[ga:Duine]] [[gl:Ser Humano]] [[he:אדם]] [[hr:Čovjek]] [[hu:Ember]] [[ia:Esser human]] [[id:Manusia]] [[io:Homo]] [[is:Maður]] [[it:Homo sapiens sapiens]] [[iu:ᐃᓄᒃ]] [[ja:人間]] [[ko:사람]] [[ku:Mirov]] [[kw:Tus]] [[la:Homo]] [[li:Mins]] [[lt:Žmogus]] [[mk:Човек]] [[ms:Manusia]] [[nah:Tlācatl]] [[nds:Minsch]] [[nl:Mens]] [[nn:Menneske]] [[no:Menneske]] [[os:Адæймаг]] [[pl:Człowiek rozumny]] [[pt:Homo sapiens]] [[ru:Человек разумный]] [[scn:Umanu]] [[sh:Čovjek]] [[simple:Human]] [[sk:Homo]] [[sl:Človek]] [[sr:Човек]] [[sv:Människa]] [[th:มนุษย์]] [[tl:Tao]] [[tr:İnsan]] [[ug:ئىنساننىڭ]] [[uk:Людина]] [[vi:Loài người]] [[zh:人]] [[zh-min-nan:Lâng]] 8505 2006-07-01T17:43:51Z Andre Engels 15 ro: re-added {{ndámbo}} '''Moto''' azalí na [[bomoto]], azalí o kelási [[nyama ya mabɛ́lɛ]], ya kelási ''[[Homo]]''. Moto atámbolaka na [[likolo|makolo]] mábalé na loléngé la botɛ́lɛmi. [[Image:Human.png|thumb|right|150px|''[[mobáli]] na [[mwásí]]'']] [[Category:Moto]] [[af:Man]] [[ar:إنسان]] [[ast:Homo sapiens sapiens]] [[bg:Човек]] [[bn:মানুষ]] [[br:Den]] [[bs:Čovjek]] [[ca:Homo sapiens sapiens]] [[cs:Člověk]] [[cv:Тăнлă çын]] [[da:Menneske]] [[de:Mensch]] [[dz:Omo dapeonz]] [[el:Άνθρωπος]] [[en:Human]] [[eo:Homo]] [[es:Humano]] [[eu:Homo sapiens]] [[fi:Ihminen]] [[fr:Homo sapiens]] [[fy:Minske]] [[ga:Duine]] [[gl:Ser Humano]] [[he:אדם]] [[hr:Čovjek]] [[hu:Ember]] [[ia:Esser human]] [[id:Manusia]] [[io:Homo]] [[is:Maður]] [[it:Homo sapiens sapiens]] [[iu:ᐃᓄᒃ]] [[ja:人間]] [[ko:사람]] [[ku:Mirov]] [[kw:Tus]] [[la:Homo]] [[li:Mins]] [[lt:Žmogus]] [[mk:Човек]] [[ms:Manusia]] [[nah:Tlācatl]] [[nds:Minsch]] [[nl:Mens]] [[nn:Menneske]] [[no:Menneske]] [[os:Адæймаг]] [[pl:Człowiek rozumny]] [[pt:Homo sapiens]] [[ro:Om]] [[ru:Человек разумный]] [[scn:Umanu]] [[sh:Čovjek]] [[simple:Human]] [[sk:Homo]] [[sl:Človek]] [[sr:Човек]] [[sv:Människa]] [[th:มนุษย์]] [[tl:Tao]] [[tr:İnsan]] [[ug:ئىنساننىڭ]] [[uk:Людина]] [[vi:Loài người]] [[zh:人]] [[zh-min-nan:Lâng]] 8507 2006-07-01T18:13:53Z Robbot 14 robot Ajoute: [[fa:انسان (سوره)]] Modifie: [[af:Mens]] {{ndámbo}} '''Moto''' azalí na [[bomoto]], azalí o kelási [[nyama ya mabɛ́lɛ]], ya kelási ''[[Homo]]''. Moto atámbolaka na [[likolo|makolo]] mábalé na loléngé la botɛ́lɛmi. [[Image:Human.png|thumb|right|150px|''[[mobáli]] na [[mwásí]]'']] [[Category:Moto]] [[af:Mens]] [[ar:إنسان]] [[ast:Homo sapiens sapiens]] [[bg:Човек]] [[bn:মানুষ]] [[br:Den]] [[bs:Čovjek]] [[ca:Homo sapiens sapiens]] [[cs:Člověk]] [[cv:Тăнлă çын]] [[da:Menneske]] [[de:Mensch]] [[dz:Omo dapeonz]] [[el:Άνθρωπος]] [[en:Human]] [[eo:Homo]] [[es:Humano]] [[eu:Homo sapiens]] [[fa:انسان (سوره)]] [[fi:Ihminen]] [[fr:Homo sapiens]] [[fy:Minske]] [[ga:Duine]] [[gl:Ser Humano]] [[he:אדם]] [[hr:Čovjek]] [[hu:Ember]] [[ia:Esser human]] [[id:Manusia]] [[io:Homo]] [[is:Maður]] [[it:Homo sapiens sapiens]] [[iu:ᐃᓄᒃ]] [[ja:人間]] [[ko:사람]] [[ku:Mirov]] [[kw:Tus]] [[la:Homo]] [[li:Mins]] [[lt:Žmogus]] [[mk:Човек]] [[ms:Manusia]] [[nah:Tlācatl]] [[nds:Minsch]] [[nl:Mens]] [[nn:Menneske]] [[no:Menneske]] [[os:Адæймаг]] [[pl:Człowiek rozumny]] [[pt:Homo sapiens]] [[ro:Om]] [[ru:Человек разумный]] [[scn:Umanu]] [[sh:Čovjek]] [[simple:Human]] [[sk:Homo]] [[sl:Človek]] [[sr:Човек]] [[sv:Människa]] [[th:มนุษย์]] [[tl:Tao]] [[tr:İnsan]] [[ug:ئىنساننىڭ]] [[uk:Людина]] [[vi:Loài người]] [[zh:人]] [[zh-min-nan:Lâng]] 8510 2006-07-01T18:46:13Z Robbot 14 robot Retire: [[hu:Ember]] {{ndámbo}} '''Moto''' azalí na [[bomoto]], azalí o kelási [[nyama ya mabɛ́lɛ]], ya kelási ''[[Homo]]''. Moto atámbolaka na [[likolo|makolo]] mábalé na loléngé la botɛ́lɛmi. [[Image:Human.png|thumb|right|150px|''[[mobáli]] na [[mwásí]]'']] [[Category:Moto]] [[af:Mens]] [[ar:إنسان]] [[ast:Homo sapiens sapiens]] [[bg:Човек]] [[bn:মানুষ]] [[br:Den]] [[bs:Čovjek]] [[ca:Homo sapiens sapiens]] [[cs:Člověk]] [[cv:Тăнлă çын]] [[da:Menneske]] [[de:Mensch]] [[dz:Omo dapeonz]] [[el:Άνθρωπος]] [[en:Human]] [[eo:Homo]] [[es:Humano]] [[eu:Homo sapiens]] [[fa:انسان (سوره)]] [[fi:Ihminen]] [[fr:Homo sapiens]] [[fy:Minske]] [[ga:Duine]] [[gl:Ser Humano]] [[he:אדם]] [[hr:Čovjek]] [[ia:Esser human]] [[id:Manusia]] [[io:Homo]] [[is:Maður]] [[it:Homo sapiens sapiens]] [[iu:ᐃᓄᒃ]] [[ja:人間]] [[ko:사람]] [[ku:Mirov]] [[kw:Tus]] [[la:Homo]] [[li:Mins]] [[lt:Žmogus]] [[mk:Човек]] [[ms:Manusia]] [[nah:Tlācatl]] [[nds:Minsch]] [[nl:Mens]] [[nn:Menneske]] [[no:Menneske]] [[os:Адæймаг]] [[pl:Człowiek rozumny]] [[pt:Homo sapiens]] [[ro:Om]] [[ru:Человек разумный]] [[scn:Umanu]] [[sh:Čovjek]] [[simple:Human]] [[sk:Homo]] [[sl:Človek]] [[sr:Човек]] [[sv:Människa]] [[th:มนุษย์]] [[tl:Tao]] [[tr:İnsan]] [[ug:ئىنساننىڭ]] [[uk:Людина]] [[vi:Loài người]] [[zh:人]] [[zh-min-nan:Lâng]] 8844 2006-07-12T13:00:07Z Moyogo 11 {{ndámbo}} '''Moto''' azalí na [[bomoto]], azalí o kelási [[nyama ya mabɛ́lɛ]], ya kelási ''[[Homo]]''. Moto atámbolaka na [[likolo|makolo]] mábalé na loléngé la botɛ́lɛmi. Moto azalí na [[nzóto]] mpé na [[molímo]]. [[Image:Human.png|thumb|right|150px|''[[mobáli]] na [[mwásí]]'']] [[Category:Moto]] [[af:Mens]] [[ar:إنسان]] [[ast:Homo sapiens sapiens]] [[bg:Човек]] [[bn:মানুষ]] [[br:Den]] [[bs:Čovjek]] [[ca:Homo sapiens sapiens]] [[cs:Člověk]] [[cv:Тăнлă çын]] [[da:Menneske]] [[de:Mensch]] [[dz:Omo dapeonz]] [[el:Άνθρωπος]] [[en:Human]] [[eo:Homo]] [[es:Humano]] [[eu:Homo sapiens]] [[fa:انسان (سوره)]] [[fi:Ihminen]] [[fr:Homo sapiens]] [[fy:Minske]] [[ga:Duine]] [[gl:Ser Humano]] [[he:אדם]] [[hr:Čovjek]] [[ia:Esser human]] [[id:Manusia]] [[io:Homo]] [[is:Maður]] [[it:Homo sapiens sapiens]] [[iu:ᐃᓄᒃ]] [[ja:人間]] [[ko:사람]] [[ku:Mirov]] [[kw:Tus]] [[la:Homo]] [[li:Mins]] [[lt:Žmogus]] [[mk:Човек]] [[ms:Manusia]] [[nah:Tlācatl]] [[nds:Minsch]] [[nl:Mens]] [[nn:Menneske]] [[no:Menneske]] [[os:Адæймаг]] [[pl:Człowiek rozumny]] [[pt:Homo sapiens]] [[ro:Om]] [[ru:Человек разумный]] [[scn:Umanu]] [[sh:Čovjek]] [[simple:Human]] [[sk:Homo]] [[sl:Človek]] [[sr:Човек]] [[sv:Människa]] [[th:มนุษย์]] [[tl:Tao]] [[tr:İnsan]] [[ug:ئىنساننىڭ]] [[uk:Людина]] [[vi:Loài người]] [[zh:人]] [[zh-min-nan:Lâng]] Mabelé 1057 2630 2005-03-04T14:04:41Z Moyogo 11 '''Mabelé''' [[af:Aarde]] [[ar:أرض]] [[ast:Tierra]] [[bg:Земя]] [[ca:Terra]] [[cs:Země]] [[cy:Daear]] [[da:Jorden]] [[de:Erde]] [[et:Maa (planeet)]] [[el:Γη]] [[en:Earth]] [[es:Tierra]] [[eo:Tero]] [[eu:Lurra]] [[fr:Terre]] [[fy:Ierde]] [[ko:지구]] [[hi:पृथ्वी]] [[hr:Zemlja]] [[id:Bumi]] [[ia:Terra]] [[is:Jörðin]] [[it:Terra]] [[he:כדור הארץ]] [[kw:Dor]] [[la:Terra]] [[lv:Zeme]] [[lb:Äerd]] [[jbo:Terdi]] [[hu:Föld]] [[ms:Bumi]] [[minnan:Tē-kiû]] [[nl:Aarde]] [[ja:地球]] [[no:Jorden]] [[nn:Jorda]] [[nds:Eer]] [[pl:Ziemia]] [[pt:Terra]] [[ro:Pământ]] [[ru:Земля (планета)]] [[simple:Earth]] [[sl:Zemlja]] [[sr:Земља]] [[su:Marcapada]] [[fi:Maa]] [[sv:Jorden]] [[vi:Địa Cầu]] [[uk:Земля (планета)]] [[zh:地球]] [[ang:Eorðe]] 4625 2005-05-11T04:05:05Z Moyogo 11 +pic '''Mabelé''' [[Image:The Blue Marble.jpg|thumb|right|Mabelé]] [[af:Aarde]] [[ar:أرض]] [[ast:Tierra]] [[bg:Земя]] [[ca:Terra]] [[cs:Země]] [[cy:Daear]] [[da:Jorden]] [[de:Erde]] [[et:Maa (planeet)]] [[el:Γη]] [[en:Earth]] [[es:Tierra]] [[eo:Tero]] [[eu:Lurra]] [[fr:Terre]] [[fy:Ierde]] [[ko:지구]] [[hi:पृथ्वी]] [[hr:Zemlja]] [[id:Bumi]] [[ia:Terra]] [[is:Jörðin]] [[it:Terra]] [[he:כדור הארץ]] [[kw:Dor]] [[la:Terra]] [[lv:Zeme]] [[lb:Äerd]] [[jbo:Terdi]] [[hu:Föld]] [[ms:Bumi]] [[minnan:Tē-kiû]] [[nl:Aarde]] [[ja:地球]] [[no:Jorden]] [[nn:Jorda]] [[nds:Eer]] [[pl:Ziemia]] [[pt:Terra]] [[ro:Pământ]] [[ru:Земля (планета)]] [[simple:Earth]] [[sl:Zemlja]] [[sr:Земља]] [[su:Marcapada]] [[fi:Maa]] [[sv:Jorden]] [[vi:Địa Cầu]] [[uk:Земля (планета)]] [[zh:地球]] [[ang:Eorðe]] 5269 2005-07-11T08:45:18Z Robbot 14 robot Ajoute: th, ne, li, gl, gu, sw, bn, sk, io, csb, fa Modifie: nl, vi, sr, bg, jbo '''Mabelé''' [[Image:The Blue Marble.jpg|thumb|right|Mabelé]] [[af:Aarde]] [[ang:Eorðe]] [[ar:أرض]] [[ast:Tierra]] [[bg:Земя (планета)]] [[bn:পৃথিবী]] [[ca:Terra]] [[cs:Země]] [[csb:Zemia]] [[cy:Daear]] [[da:Jorden]] [[de:Erde]] [[el:Γη]] [[en:Earth]] [[eo:Tero]] [[es:Tierra]] [[et:Maa (planeet)]] [[eu:Lurra]] [[fa:زمین]] [[fi:Maa]] [[fr:Terre]] [[fy:Ierde]] [[gl:Terra (planeta)]] [[gu:પૃથ્વી]] [[he:כדור הארץ]] [[hi:पृथ्वी]] [[hr:Zemlja]] [[hu:Föld]] [[ia:Terra]] [[id:Bumi]] [[io:Tero]] [[is:Jörðin]] [[it:Terra]] [[ja:地球]] [[jbo:terdi]] [[ko:지구]] [[kw:Dor]] [[la:Terra]] [[lb:Äerd]] [[li:Eerd]] [[lv:Zeme]] [[ms:Bumi]] [[nds:Eer]] [[ne:पृथ्वी]] [[nl:Aarde (planeet)]] [[nn:Jorda]] [[no:Jorden]] [[pl:Ziemia]] [[pt:Terra]] [[ro:Pământ]] [[ru:Земля (планета)]] [[simple:Earth]] [[sk:Zem]] [[sl:Zemlja]] [[sr:Земља (планета)]] [[su:Marcapada]] [[sv:Jorden]] [[sw:Ardhi]] [[th:โลก]] [[uk:Земля (планета)]] [[vi:Trái Đất]] [[zh:地球]] [[zh-min-nan:Tē-kiû]] 6744 2005-11-05T17:41:50Z Blockinblox 38 {{ndámbo}} '''Mabelé''' {{ndámbo}} [[Image:The Blue Marble.jpg|thumb|right|Mabelé]] [[af:Aarde]] [[ang:Eorðe]] [[ar:أرض]] [[ast:Tierra]] [[bg:Земя (планета)]] [[bn:পৃথিবী]] [[ca:Terra]] [[cs:Země]] [[csb:Zemia]] [[cy:Daear]] [[da:Jorden]] [[de:Erde]] [[el:Γη]] [[en:Earth]] [[eo:Tero]] [[es:Tierra]] [[et:Maa (planeet)]] [[eu:Lurra]] [[fa:زمین]] [[fi:Maa]] [[fr:Terre]] [[fy:Ierde]] [[gl:Terra (planeta)]] [[gu:પૃથ્વી]] [[he:כדור הארץ]] [[hi:पृथ्वी]] [[hr:Zemlja]] [[hu:Föld]] [[ia:Terra]] [[id:Bumi]] [[io:Tero]] [[is:Jörðin]] [[it:Terra]] [[ja:地球]] [[jbo:terdi]] [[ko:지구]] [[kw:Dor]] [[la:Terra]] [[lb:Äerd]] [[li:Eerd]] [[lv:Zeme]] [[ms:Bumi]] [[nds:Eer]] [[ne:पृथ्वी]] [[nl:Aarde (planeet)]] [[nn:Jorda]] [[no:Jorden]] [[pl:Ziemia]] [[pt:Terra]] [[ro:Pământ]] [[ru:Земля (планета)]] [[simple:Earth]] [[sk:Zem]] [[sl:Zemlja]] [[sr:Земља (планета)]] [[su:Marcapada]] [[sv:Jorden]] [[sw:Ardhi]] [[th:โลก]] [[uk:Земля (планета)]] [[vi:Trái Đất]] [[zh:地球]] [[zh-min-nan:Tē-kiû]] 7851 2006-03-19T09:18:28Z 210.213.176.249 +tl '''Mabelé''' {{ndámbo}} [[Image:The Blue Marble.jpg|thumb|right|Mabelé]] [[af:Aarde]] [[ang:Eorðe]] [[ar:أرض]] [[ast:Tierra]] [[bg:Земя (планета)]] [[bn:পৃথিবী]] [[ca:Terra]] [[cs:Země]] [[csb:Zemia]] [[cy:Daear]] [[da:Jorden]] [[de:Erde]] [[el:Γη]] [[en:Earth]] [[eo:Tero]] [[es:Tierra]] [[et:Maa (planeet)]] [[eu:Lurra]] [[fa:زمین]] [[fi:Maa]] [[fr:Terre]] [[fy:Ierde]] [[gl:Terra (planeta)]] [[gu:પૃથ્વી]] [[he:כדור הארץ]] [[hi:पृथ्वी]] [[hr:Zemlja]] [[hu:Föld]] [[ia:Terra]] [[id:Bumi]] [[io:Tero]] [[is:Jörðin]] [[it:Terra]] [[ja:地球]] [[jbo:terdi]] [[ko:지구]] [[kw:Dor]] [[la:Terra]] [[lb:Äerd]] [[li:Eerd]] [[lv:Zeme]] [[ms:Bumi]] [[nds:Eer]] [[ne:पृथ्वी]] [[nl:Aarde (planeet)]] [[nn:Jorda]] [[no:Jorden]] [[pl:Ziemia]] [[pt:Terra]] [[ro:Pământ]] [[ru:Земля (планета)]] [[simple:Earth]] [[sk:Zem]] [[sl:Zemlja]] [[sr:Земља (планета)]] [[su:Marcapada]] [[sv:Jorden]] [[sw:Ardhi]] [[tl:Lupa (planeta)]] [[th:โลก]] [[uk:Земля (планета)]] [[vi:Trái Đất]] [[zh:地球]] [[zh-min-nan:Tē-kiû]] 7857 2006-03-26T20:39:19Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: ilo, ka, ku, lt, mk, mt, pam, scn, sco, sh, sq, ta, tr Modifie: ru '''Mabelé''' {{ndámbo}} [[Image:The Blue Marble.jpg|thumb|right|Mabelé]] [[af:Aarde]] [[ang:Eorðe]] [[ar:أرض]] [[ast:Tierra]] [[bg:Земя (планета)]] [[bn:পৃথিবী]] [[ca:Terra]] [[cs:Země]] [[csb:Zemia]] [[cy:Daear]] [[da:Jorden]] [[de:Erde]] [[el:Γη]] [[en:Earth]] [[eo:Tero]] [[es:Tierra]] [[et:Maa (planeet)]] [[eu:Lurra]] [[fa:زمین]] [[fi:Maa]] [[fr:Terre]] [[fy:Ierde]] [[gl:Terra (planeta)]] [[gu:પૃથ્વી]] [[he:כדור הארץ]] [[hi:पृथ्वी]] [[hr:Zemlja]] [[hu:Föld]] [[ia:Terra]] [[id:Bumi]] [[ilo:Daga (planeta)]] [[io:Tero]] [[is:Jörðin]] [[it:Terra]] [[ja:地球]] [[jbo:terdi]] [[ka:დედამიწა]] [[ko:지구]] [[ku:Erd]] [[kw:Dor]] [[la:Terra]] [[lb:Äerd]] [[li:Eerd]] [[lt:Žemė]] [[lv:Zeme]] [[mk:Земја]] [[ms:Bumi]] [[mt:Art]] [[nds:Eer]] [[ne:पृथ्वी]] [[nl:Aarde (planeet)]] [[nn:Jorda]] [[no:Jorden]] [[pam:Yatu]] [[pl:Ziemia]] [[pt:Terra]] [[ro:Pământ]] [[ru:Земля]] [[scn:Terra]] [[sco:The Yird]] [[sh:Zemlja]] [[simple:Earth]] [[sk:Zem]] [[sl:Zemlja]] [[sq:Toka]] [[sr:Земља (планета)]] [[su:Marcapada]] [[sv:Jorden]] [[sw:Ardhi]] [[ta:பூமி]] [[th:โลก]] [[tl:Lupa (planeta)]] [[tr:Yer (gezegen)]] [[uk:Земля (планета)]] [[vi:Trái Đất]] [[zh:地球]] [[zh-min-nan:Tē-kiû]] 7971 2006-04-05T04:54:20Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: nrm, rmy Modifie: tl '''Mabelé''' {{ndámbo}} [[Image:The Blue Marble.jpg|thumb|right|Mabelé]] [[af:Aarde]] [[ang:Eorðe]] [[ar:أرض]] [[ast:Tierra]] [[bg:Земя (планета)]] [[bn:পৃথিবী]] [[ca:Terra]] [[cs:Země]] [[csb:Zemia]] [[cy:Daear]] [[da:Jorden]] [[de:Erde]] [[el:Γη]] [[en:Earth]] [[eo:Tero]] [[es:Tierra]] [[et:Maa (planeet)]] [[eu:Lurra]] [[fa:زمین]] [[fi:Maa]] [[fr:Terre]] [[fy:Ierde]] [[gl:Terra (planeta)]] [[gu:પૃથ્વી]] [[he:כדור הארץ]] [[hi:पृथ्वी]] [[hr:Zemlja]] [[hu:Föld]] [[ia:Terra]] [[id:Bumi]] [[ilo:Daga (planeta)]] [[io:Tero]] [[is:Jörðin]] [[it:Terra]] [[ja:地球]] [[jbo:terdi]] [[ka:დედამიწა]] [[ko:지구]] [[ku:Erd]] [[kw:Dor]] [[la:Terra]] [[lb:Äerd]] [[li:Eerd]] [[lt:Žemė]] [[lv:Zeme]] [[mk:Земја]] [[ms:Bumi]] [[mt:Art]] [[nds:Eer]] [[ne:पृथ्वी]] [[nl:Aarde (planeet)]] [[nn:Jorda]] [[no:Jorden]] [[nrm:Tèrre]] [[pam:Yatu]] [[pl:Ziemia]] [[pt:Terra]] [[rmy:Phuv]] [[ro:Pământ]] [[ru:Земля]] [[scn:Terra]] [[sco:The Yird]] [[sh:Zemlja]] [[simple:Earth]] [[sk:Zem]] [[sl:Zemlja]] [[sq:Toka]] [[sr:Земља (планета)]] [[su:Marcapada]] [[sv:Jorden]] [[sw:Ardhi]] [[ta:பூமி]] [[th:โลก]] [[tl:Daigdig]] [[tr:Yer (gezegen)]] [[uk:Земля (планета)]] [[vi:Trái Đất]] [[zh:地球]] [[zh-min-nan:Tē-kiû]] 8056 2006-04-25T09:10:30Z Bombo 12 cat '''Mabelé''' {{ndámbo}} [[Image:The Blue Marble.jpg|thumb|right|Mabelé]] [[Category:Jyografi]] [[af:Aarde]] [[ang:Eorðe]] [[ar:أرض]] [[ast:Tierra]] [[bg:Земя (планета)]] [[bn:পৃথিবী]] [[ca:Terra]] [[cs:Země]] [[csb:Zemia]] [[cy:Daear]] [[da:Jorden]] [[de:Erde]] [[el:Γη]] [[en:Earth]] [[eo:Tero]] [[es:Tierra]] [[et:Maa (planeet)]] [[eu:Lurra]] [[fa:زمین]] [[fi:Maa]] [[fr:Terre]] [[fy:Ierde]] [[gl:Terra (planeta)]] [[gu:પૃથ્વી]] [[he:כדור הארץ]] [[hi:पृथ्वी]] [[hr:Zemlja]] [[hu:Föld]] [[ia:Terra]] [[id:Bumi]] [[ilo:Daga (planeta)]] [[io:Tero]] [[is:Jörðin]] [[it:Terra]] [[ja:地球]] [[jbo:terdi]] [[ka:დედამიწა]] [[ko:지구]] [[ku:Erd]] [[kw:Dor]] [[la:Terra]] [[lb:Äerd]] [[li:Eerd]] [[lt:Žemė]] [[lv:Zeme]] [[mk:Земја]] [[ms:Bumi]] [[mt:Art]] [[nds:Eer]] [[ne:पृथ्वी]] [[nl:Aarde (planeet)]] [[nn:Jorda]] [[no:Jorden]] [[nrm:Tèrre]] [[pam:Yatu]] [[pl:Ziemia]] [[pt:Terra]] [[rmy:Phuv]] [[ro:Pământ]] [[ru:Земля]] [[scn:Terra]] [[sco:The Yird]] [[sh:Zemlja]] [[simple:Earth]] [[sk:Zem]] [[sl:Zemlja]] [[sq:Toka]] [[sr:Земља (планета)]] [[su:Marcapada]] [[sv:Jorden]] [[sw:Ardhi]] [[ta:பூமி]] [[th:โลก]] [[tl:Daigdig]] [[tr:Yer (gezegen)]] [[uk:Земля (планета)]] [[vi:Trái Đất]] [[zh:地球]] [[zh-min-nan:Tē-kiû]] 8084 2006-05-01T19:08:21Z Bombo 12 kg '''Mabelé''' {{ndámbo}} [[Image:The Blue Marble.jpg|thumb|right|Mabelé]] [[Category:Jyografi]] [[af:Aarde]] [[ang:Eorðe]] [[ar:أرض]] [[ast:Tierra]] [[bg:Земя (планета)]] [[bn:পৃথিবী]] [[ca:Terra]] [[cs:Země]] [[csb:Zemia]] [[cy:Daear]] [[da:Jorden]] [[de:Erde]] [[el:Γη]] [[en:Earth]] [[eo:Tero]] [[es:Tierra]] [[et:Maa (planeet)]] [[eu:Lurra]] [[fa:زمین]] [[fi:Maa]] [[fr:Terre]] [[fy:Ierde]] [[gl:Terra (planeta)]] [[gu:પૃથ્વી]] [[he:כדור הארץ]] [[hi:पृथ्वी]] [[hr:Zemlja]] [[hu:Föld]] [[ia:Terra]] [[id:Bumi]] [[ilo:Daga (planeta)]] [[io:Tero]] [[is:Jörðin]] [[it:Terra]] [[ja:地球]] [[jbo:terdi]] [[ka:დედამიწა]] [[kg:Ntoto]] [[ko:지구]] [[ku:Erd]] [[kw:Dor]] [[la:Terra]] [[lb:Äerd]] [[li:Eerd]] [[lt:Žemė]] [[lv:Zeme]] [[mk:Земја]] [[ms:Bumi]] [[mt:Art]] [[nds:Eer]] [[ne:पृथ्वी]] [[nl:Aarde (planeet)]] [[nn:Jorda]] [[no:Jorden]] [[nrm:Tèrre]] [[pam:Yatu]] [[pl:Ziemia]] [[pt:Terra]] [[rmy:Phuv]] [[ro:Pământ]] [[ru:Земля]] [[scn:Terra]] [[sco:The Yird]] [[sh:Zemlja]] [[simple:Earth]] [[sk:Zem]] [[sl:Zemlja]] [[sq:Toka]] [[sr:Земља (планета)]] [[su:Marcapada]] [[sv:Jorden]] [[sw:Ardhi]] [[ta:பூமி]] [[th:โลก]] [[tl:Daigdig]] [[tr:Yer (gezegen)]] [[uk:Земля (планета)]] [[vi:Trái Đất]] [[zh:地球]] [[zh-min-nan:Tē-kiû]] 8790 2006-07-10T15:10:34Z Robbot 14 robot Ajoute: als, be, br, bs, fo, nah, nds-nl, ug, zh-yue Modifie: bg '''Mabelé''' {{ndámbo}} [[Image:The Blue Marble.jpg|thumb|right|Mabelé]] [[Category:Jyografi]] [[af:Aarde]] [[als:Erde]] [[ang:Eorðe]] [[ar:أرض]] [[ast:Tierra]] [[be:Зямля]] [[bg:Земя]] [[bn:পৃথিবী]] [[br:Douar (planedenn)]] [[bs:Zemlja (planeta)]] [[ca:Terra]] [[cs:Země]] [[csb:Zemia]] [[cy:Daear]] [[da:Jorden]] [[de:Erde]] [[el:Γη]] [[en:Earth]] [[eo:Tero]] [[es:Tierra]] [[et:Maa (planeet)]] [[eu:Lurra]] [[fa:زمین]] [[fi:Maa]] [[fo:Jørðin]] [[fr:Terre]] [[fy:Ierde]] [[gl:Terra (planeta)]] [[gu:પૃથ્વી]] [[he:כדור הארץ]] [[hi:पृथ्वी]] [[hr:Zemlja]] [[hu:Föld]] [[ia:Terra]] [[id:Bumi]] [[ilo:Daga (planeta)]] [[io:Tero]] [[is:Jörðin]] [[it:Terra]] [[ja:地球]] [[jbo:terdi]] [[ka:დედამიწა]] [[kg:Ntoto]] [[ko:지구]] [[ku:Erd]] [[kw:Dor]] [[la:Terra]] [[lb:Äerd]] [[li:Eerd]] [[lt:Žemė]] [[lv:Zeme]] [[mk:Земја]] [[ms:Bumi]] [[mt:Art]] [[nah:Cemānāhuac]] [[nds:Eer]] [[nds-nl:Eerde]] [[ne:पृथ्वी]] [[nl:Aarde (planeet)]] [[nn:Jorda]] [[no:Jorden]] [[nrm:Tèrre]] [[pam:Yatu]] [[pl:Ziemia]] [[pt:Terra]] [[rmy:Phuv]] [[ro:Pământ]] [[ru:Земля]] [[scn:Terra]] [[sco:The Yird]] [[sh:Zemlja]] [[simple:Earth]] [[sk:Zem]] [[sl:Zemlja]] [[sq:Toka]] [[sr:Земља (планета)]] [[su:Marcapada]] [[sv:Jorden]] [[sw:Ardhi]] [[ta:பூமி]] [[th:โลก]] [[tl:Daigdig]] [[tr:Yer (gezegen)]] [[ug:اغايلىماق (ئاسترونومىيە)]] [[uk:Земля (планета)]] [[vi:Trái Đất]] [[zh:地球]] [[zh-min-nan:Tē-kiû]] [[zh-yue:地球]] 8842 2006-07-12T12:58:18Z Moyogo 11 '''Mabelé''' ezalí monzɔ́tɔ mya malíli. [[Bato|moto]] nazalaka na Mabelé. {{ndámbo}} [[Image:The Blue Marble.jpg|thumb|right|Mabelé]] [[Category:Jyografi]] [[af:Aarde]] [[als:Erde]] [[ang:Eorðe]] [[ar:أرض]] [[ast:Tierra]] [[be:Зямля]] [[bg:Земя]] [[bn:পৃথিবী]] [[br:Douar (planedenn)]] [[bs:Zemlja (planeta)]] [[ca:Terra]] [[cs:Země]] [[csb:Zemia]] [[cy:Daear]] [[da:Jorden]] [[de:Erde]] [[el:Γη]] [[en:Earth]] [[eo:Tero]] [[es:Tierra]] [[et:Maa (planeet)]] [[eu:Lurra]] [[fa:زمین]] [[fi:Maa]] [[fo:Jørðin]] [[fr:Terre]] [[fy:Ierde]] [[gl:Terra (planeta)]] [[gu:પૃથ્વી]] [[he:כדור הארץ]] [[hi:पृथ्वी]] [[hr:Zemlja]] [[hu:Föld]] [[ia:Terra]] [[id:Bumi]] [[ilo:Daga (planeta)]] [[io:Tero]] [[is:Jörðin]] [[it:Terra]] [[ja:地球]] [[jbo:terdi]] [[ka:დედამიწა]] [[kg:Ntoto]] [[ko:지구]] [[ku:Erd]] [[kw:Dor]] [[la:Terra]] [[lb:Äerd]] [[li:Eerd]] [[lt:Žemė]] [[lv:Zeme]] [[mk:Земја]] [[ms:Bumi]] [[mt:Art]] [[nah:Cemānāhuac]] [[nds:Eer]] [[nds-nl:Eerde]] [[ne:पृथ्वी]] [[nl:Aarde (planeet)]] [[nn:Jorda]] [[no:Jorden]] [[nrm:Tèrre]] [[pam:Yatu]] [[pl:Ziemia]] [[pt:Terra]] [[rmy:Phuv]] [[ro:Pământ]] [[ru:Земля]] [[scn:Terra]] [[sco:The Yird]] [[sh:Zemlja]] [[simple:Earth]] [[sk:Zem]] [[sl:Zemlja]] [[sq:Toka]] [[sr:Земља (планета)]] [[su:Marcapada]] [[sv:Jorden]] [[sw:Ardhi]] [[ta:பூமி]] [[th:โลก]] [[tl:Daigdig]] [[tr:Yer (gezegen)]] [[ug:اغايلىماق (ئاسترونومىيە)]] [[uk:Земля (планета)]] [[vi:Trái Đất]] [[zh:地球]] [[zh-min-nan:Tē-kiû]] [[zh-yue:地球]] 8843 2006-07-12T12:58:31Z Moyogo 11 '''Mabelé''' ezalí monzɔ́tɔ mya malíli. [[moto|Bato]] nazalaka na Mabelé. {{ndámbo}} [[Image:The Blue Marble.jpg|thumb|right|Mabelé]] [[Category:Jyografi]] [[af:Aarde]] [[als:Erde]] [[ang:Eorðe]] [[ar:أرض]] [[ast:Tierra]] [[be:Зямля]] [[bg:Земя]] [[bn:পৃথিবী]] [[br:Douar (planedenn)]] [[bs:Zemlja (planeta)]] [[ca:Terra]] [[cs:Země]] [[csb:Zemia]] [[cy:Daear]] [[da:Jorden]] [[de:Erde]] [[el:Γη]] [[en:Earth]] [[eo:Tero]] [[es:Tierra]] [[et:Maa (planeet)]] [[eu:Lurra]] [[fa:زمین]] [[fi:Maa]] [[fo:Jørðin]] [[fr:Terre]] [[fy:Ierde]] [[gl:Terra (planeta)]] [[gu:પૃથ્વી]] [[he:כדור הארץ]] [[hi:पृथ्वी]] [[hr:Zemlja]] [[hu:Föld]] [[ia:Terra]] [[id:Bumi]] [[ilo:Daga (planeta)]] [[io:Tero]] [[is:Jörðin]] [[it:Terra]] [[ja:地球]] [[jbo:terdi]] [[ka:დედამიწა]] [[kg:Ntoto]] [[ko:지구]] [[ku:Erd]] [[kw:Dor]] [[la:Terra]] [[lb:Äerd]] [[li:Eerd]] [[lt:Žemė]] [[lv:Zeme]] [[mk:Земја]] [[ms:Bumi]] [[mt:Art]] [[nah:Cemānāhuac]] [[nds:Eer]] [[nds-nl:Eerde]] [[ne:पृथ्वी]] [[nl:Aarde (planeet)]] [[nn:Jorda]] [[no:Jorden]] [[nrm:Tèrre]] [[pam:Yatu]] [[pl:Ziemia]] [[pt:Terra]] [[rmy:Phuv]] [[ro:Pământ]] [[ru:Земля]] [[scn:Terra]] [[sco:The Yird]] [[sh:Zemlja]] [[simple:Earth]] [[sk:Zem]] [[sl:Zemlja]] [[sq:Toka]] [[sr:Земља (планета)]] [[su:Marcapada]] [[sv:Jorden]] [[sw:Ardhi]] [[ta:பூமி]] [[th:โลก]] [[tl:Daigdig]] [[tr:Yer (gezegen)]] [[ug:اغايلىماق (ئاسترونومىيە)]] [[uk:Земля (планета)]] [[vi:Trái Đất]] [[zh:地球]] [[zh-min-nan:Tē-kiû]] [[zh-yue:地球]] 9044 2006-08-02T06:16:25Z YurikBot 76 robot Modifie: [[uk:Земля]] '''Mabelé''' ezalí monzɔ́tɔ mya malíli. [[moto|Bato]] nazalaka na Mabelé. {{ndámbo}} [[Image:The Blue Marble.jpg|thumb|right|Mabelé]] [[Category:Jyografi]] [[af:Aarde]] [[als:Erde]] [[ang:Eorðe]] [[ar:أرض]] [[ast:Tierra]] [[be:Зямля]] [[bg:Земя]] [[bn:পৃথিবী]] [[br:Douar (planedenn)]] [[bs:Zemlja (planeta)]] [[ca:Terra]] [[cs:Země]] [[csb:Zemia]] [[cy:Daear]] [[da:Jorden]] [[de:Erde]] [[el:Γη]] [[en:Earth]] [[eo:Tero]] [[es:Tierra]] [[et:Maa (planeet)]] [[eu:Lurra]] [[fa:زمین]] [[fi:Maa]] [[fo:Jørðin]] [[fr:Terre]] [[fy:Ierde]] [[gl:Terra (planeta)]] [[gu:પૃથ્વી]] [[he:כדור הארץ]] [[hi:पृथ्वी]] [[hr:Zemlja]] [[hu:Föld]] [[ia:Terra]] [[id:Bumi]] [[ilo:Daga (planeta)]] [[io:Tero]] [[is:Jörðin]] [[it:Terra]] [[ja:地球]] [[jbo:terdi]] [[ka:დედამიწა]] [[kg:Ntoto]] [[ko:지구]] [[ku:Erd]] [[kw:Dor]] [[la:Terra]] [[lb:Äerd]] [[li:Eerd]] [[lt:Žemė]] [[lv:Zeme]] [[mk:Земја]] [[ms:Bumi]] [[mt:Art]] [[nah:Cemānāhuac]] [[nds:Eer]] [[nds-nl:Eerde]] [[ne:पृथ्वी]] [[nl:Aarde (planeet)]] [[nn:Jorda]] [[no:Jorden]] [[nrm:Tèrre]] [[pam:Yatu]] [[pl:Ziemia]] [[pt:Terra]] [[rmy:Phuv]] [[ro:Pământ]] [[ru:Земля]] [[scn:Terra]] [[sco:The Yird]] [[sh:Zemlja]] [[simple:Earth]] [[sk:Zem]] [[sl:Zemlja]] [[sq:Toka]] [[sr:Земља (планета)]] [[su:Marcapada]] [[sv:Jorden]] [[sw:Ardhi]] [[ta:பூமி]] [[th:โลก]] [[tl:Daigdig]] [[tr:Yer (gezegen)]] [[ug:اغايلىماق (ئاسترونومىيە)]] [[uk:Земля]] [[vi:Trái Đất]] [[zh:地球]] [[zh-min-nan:Tē-kiû]] [[zh-yue:地球]] 9189 2006-08-28T19:32:59Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: az, fur, ga Modifie: la, scn, sh '''Mabelé''' ezalí monzɔ́tɔ mya malíli. [[moto|Bato]] nazalaka na Mabelé. {{ndámbo}} [[Image:The Blue Marble.jpg|thumb|right|Mabelé]] [[Category:Jyografi]] [[af:Aarde]] [[als:Erde]] [[ang:Eorðe]] [[ar:أرض]] [[ast:Tierra]] [[az:Yer]] [[be:Зямля]] [[bg:Земя]] [[bn:পৃথিবী]] [[br:Douar (planedenn)]] [[bs:Zemlja (planeta)]] [[ca:Terra]] [[cs:Země]] [[csb:Zemia]] [[cy:Daear]] [[da:Jorden]] [[de:Erde]] [[el:Γη]] [[en:Earth]] [[eo:Tero]] [[es:Tierra]] [[et:Maa (planeet)]] [[eu:Lurra]] [[fa:زمین]] [[fi:Maa]] [[fo:Jørðin]] [[fr:Terre]] [[fur:Tiere]] [[fy:Ierde]] [[ga:An Domhan]] [[gl:Terra (planeta)]] [[gu:પૃથ્વી]] [[he:כדור הארץ]] [[hi:पृथ्वी]] [[hr:Zemlja]] [[hu:Föld]] [[ia:Terra]] [[id:Bumi]] [[ilo:Daga (planeta)]] [[io:Tero]] [[is:Jörðin]] [[it:Terra]] [[ja:地球]] [[jbo:terdi]] [[ka:დედამიწა]] [[kg:Ntoto]] [[ko:지구]] [[ku:Erd]] [[kw:Dor]] [[la:Tellus (planeta)]] [[lb:Äerd]] [[li:Eerd]] [[lt:Žemė]] [[lv:Zeme]] [[mk:Земја]] [[ms:Bumi]] [[mt:Art]] [[nah:Cemānāhuac]] [[nds:Eer]] [[nds-nl:Eerde]] [[ne:पृथ्वी]] [[nl:Aarde (planeet)]] [[nn:Jorda]] [[no:Jorden]] [[nrm:Tèrre]] [[pam:Yatu]] [[pl:Ziemia]] [[pt:Terra]] [[rmy:Phuv]] [[ro:Pământ]] [[ru:Земля]] [[scn:Terra (pianeta)]] [[sco:The Yird]] [[sh:Zemlja (planet)]] [[simple:Earth]] [[sk:Zem]] [[sl:Zemlja]] [[sq:Toka]] [[sr:Земља (планета)]] [[su:Marcapada]] [[sv:Jorden]] [[sw:Ardhi]] [[ta:பூமி]] [[th:โลก]] [[tl:Daigdig]] [[tr:Yer (gezegen)]] [[ug:اغايلىماق (ئاسترونومىيە)]] [[uk:Земля]] [[vi:Trái Đất]] [[zh:地球]] [[zh-min-nan:Tē-kiû]] [[zh-yue:地球]] 9898 2006-11-29T07:52:47Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: kn, map-bms, mo, qu, tpi, uz, vls, zh-classical Modifie: tr '''Mabelé''' ezalí monzɔ́tɔ mya malíli. [[moto|Bato]] nazalaka na Mabelé. {{ndámbo}} [[Image:The Blue Marble.jpg|thumb|right|Mabelé]] [[Category:Jyografi]] [[af:Aarde]] [[als:Erde]] [[ang:Eorðe]] [[ar:أرض]] [[ast:Tierra]] [[az:Yer]] [[be:Зямля]] [[bg:Земя]] [[bn:পৃথিবী]] [[br:Douar (planedenn)]] [[bs:Zemlja (planeta)]] [[ca:Terra]] [[cs:Země]] [[csb:Zemia]] [[cy:Daear]] [[da:Jorden]] [[de:Erde]] [[el:Γη]] [[en:Earth]] [[eo:Tero]] [[es:Tierra]] [[et:Maa (planeet)]] [[eu:Lurra]] [[fa:زمین]] [[fi:Maa]] [[fo:Jørðin]] [[fr:Terre]] [[fur:Tiere]] [[fy:Ierde]] [[ga:An Domhan]] [[gl:Terra (planeta)]] [[gu:પૃથ્વી]] [[he:כדור הארץ]] [[hi:पृथ्वी]] [[hr:Zemlja]] [[hu:Föld]] [[ia:Terra]] [[id:Bumi]] [[ilo:Daga (planeta)]] [[io:Tero]] [[is:Jörðin]] [[it:Terra]] [[ja:地球]] [[jbo:terdi]] [[ka:დედამიწა]] [[kg:Ntoto]] [[kn:ಭೂಮಿ]] [[ko:지구]] [[ku:Erd]] [[kw:Dor]] [[la:Tellus (planeta)]] [[lb:Äerd]] [[li:Eerd]] [[lt:Žemė]] [[lv:Zeme]] [[map-bms:Bumi]] [[mk:Земја]] [[mo:Пэмынт]] [[ms:Bumi]] [[mt:Art]] [[nah:Cemānāhuac]] [[nds:Eer]] [[nds-nl:Eerde]] [[ne:पृथ्वी]] [[nl:Aarde (planeet)]] [[nn:Jorda]] [[no:Jorden]] [[nrm:Tèrre]] [[pam:Yatu]] [[pl:Ziemia]] [[pt:Terra]] [[qu:Tiksi muyu]] [[rmy:Phuv]] [[ro:Pământ]] [[ru:Земля]] [[scn:Terra (pianeta)]] [[sco:The Yird]] [[sh:Zemlja (planet)]] [[simple:Earth]] [[sk:Zem]] [[sl:Zemlja]] [[sq:Toka]] [[sr:Земља (планета)]] [[su:Marcapada]] [[sv:Jorden]] [[sw:Ardhi]] [[ta:பூமி]] [[th:โลก]] [[tl:Daigdig]] [[tpi:Graun]] [[tr:Yeryüzü]] [[ug:اغايلىماق (ئاسترونومىيە)]] [[uk:Земля]] [[uz:Yer]] [[vi:Trái Đất]] [[vls:Eirde (planete)]] [[zh:地球]] [[zh-classical:地球]] [[zh-min-nan:Tē-kiû]] [[zh-yue:地球]] Template:Wikipédia:Administrator/bombo 1058 2284 2005-03-05T12:07:14Z Bombo 12 Pour bien débuter il faut quelqu'un qui s'en occupe de cette Encyclopédie. Personellement, je ne parle pas le lingala, mais j'ais des amis qui n'ont que d'accès restraint sur internet qui mes traduisent petit à petit. Une fois les menus traduits et un certain nombre d'articles "de réféerence", on peut lancer la Wiki Lingala dans les milieux lingala qui ne conaissent pas encore le système, mais la langue. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:07, 5 Mar 2005 (UTC) 2288 2005-03-05T12:08:07Z Bombo 12 Pour bien débuter il faut quelqu'un qui s'en occupe de cette Encyclopédie. Personellement, je ne parle pas le lingala, mais j'ais des amis qui n'ont que d'accès restraint sur internet qui mes traduisent petit à petit. Une fois les menus traduits et un certain nombre d'articles "de réféerence", on peut lancer la Wiki Lingala dans les milieux lingala qui ne conaissent pas encore le système, mais la langue. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:08, 5 Mar 2005 (UTC) 2290 2005-03-05T12:26:29Z Bombo 12 ===[[Utilisateur:bombo|bombo]]=== Pour bien débuter il faut quelqu'un qui s'en occupe de cette Encyclopédie. Personellement, je ne parle pas le lingala, mais j'ais des amis qui n'ont que d'accès restraint sur internet qui mes traduisent petit à petit. Une fois les menus traduits et un certain nombre d'articles "de réféerence", on peut lancer la Wiki Lingala dans les milieux lingala qui ne conaissent pas encore le système, mais la langue. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:08, 5 Mar 2005 (UTC) ====Pour==== ====Contre==== ====Abstention==== 2300 2005-03-05T12:29:40Z Bombo 12 /* [[Utilisateur:bombo|bombo]] */ ===[[User:bombo|bombo]]=== Pour bien débuter il faut quelqu'un qui s'en occupe de cette Encyclopédie. Personellement, je ne parle pas le lingala, mais j'ais des amis qui n'ont que d'accès restraint sur internet qui mes traduisent petit à petit. Une fois les menus traduits et un certain nombre d'articles "de réféerence", on peut lancer la Wiki Lingala dans les milieux lingala qui ne conaissent pas encore le système, mais la langue. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:08, 5 Mar 2005 (UTC) ====Pour==== ====Contre==== ====Abstention==== 4626 2005-03-05T19:10:38Z Moyogo 11 /* Pour */ ===[[User:bombo|bombo]]=== Pour bien débuter il faut quelqu'un qui s'en occupe de cette Encyclopédie. Personellement, je ne parle pas le lingala, mais j'ais des amis qui n'ont que d'accès restraint sur internet qui mes traduisent petit à petit. Une fois les menus traduits et un certain nombre d'articles "de réféerence", on peut lancer la Wiki Lingala dans les milieux lingala qui ne conaissent pas encore le système, mais la langue. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:08, 5 Mar 2005 (UTC) ====Pour==== * [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] ====Contre==== ====Abstention==== 6204 2005-09-08T17:54:44Z Node ue 31 /* Contre */ ===[[User:bombo|bombo]]=== Pour bien débuter il faut quelqu'un qui s'en occupe de cette Encyclopédie. Personellement, je ne parle pas le lingala, mais j'ais des amis qui n'ont que d'accès restraint sur internet qui mes traduisent petit à petit. Une fois les menus traduits et un certain nombre d'articles "de réféerence", on peut lancer la Wiki Lingala dans les milieux lingala qui ne conaissent pas encore le système, mais la langue. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:08, 5 Mar 2005 (UTC) ====Pour==== * [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] ====Contre==== #[[User:Node ue|Node ue]] 17:54, 8 septembere 2005 (UTC) -- Userpage says his lingala ability level is ln-0. Similarly to how a user was recently denied adminship at st.wiki for a similar reason, and earlier the same at sm.wiki, I think the same should happen here. Level ln-1 (like Moyogo) is possibly OK, but the level ln-0 of Bombo is completely unacceptable for an administrator. ====Abstention==== Kikɔ́ngɔ 1059 2292 2005-03-05T12:48:52Z Bombo 12 ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] 2393 2005-03-05T12:50:30Z Bombo 12 '''Kikongo''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo]]. ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] 2420 2005-03-09T14:30:20Z Bombo 12 add img [[Image:Kikongo-m.jpg|thumb|Description manque.]] '''Kikongo''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo]]. ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] 2425 2005-03-13T08:50:05Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Kikongo-m.jpg|thumb|Description manque.]] [[Image:Congo-langues.gif|thumb|Description]] '''Kikongo''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo]]. ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] 2612 2005-03-15T23:13:09Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Kikongo-m.jpg|thumb|Description manque.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Kikongo''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo]]. ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] 2623 2005-04-30T08:42:40Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Kikongo-m.jpg|thumb|Description manque.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Kikongo''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo]]. ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] 2638 2005-05-10T08:24:12Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Kikongo-m.jpg|thumb|Description manque.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Kikongo''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo]]. == (liens) == http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=33 ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] 2706 2005-05-11T04:22:35Z Moyogo 11 +{{ndambo}} {{ndambo}} [[Image:Kikongo-m.jpg|thumb|Description manque.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Kikongo''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo]]. == (liens) == http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=33 ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] 4627 2005-06-01T18:56:58Z Moyogo 11 {{ndambo}} [[Image:Kikongo-m.jpg|thumb|Description manque.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Kikɔ́ngɔ''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ]]. == (liens) == http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=33 ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] 5327 2005-07-17T23:32:37Z 199.8.238.219 {{ndambo}} [[Image:Kikongo-m.jpg|thumb|Description manque.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Kikɔ́ngɔ''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ]]. == (liens) == http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=33 ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:bandambo ya Nkota ya Nijer-Kongo]] 5328 2005-07-17T23:37:07Z 199.8.238.219 {{ndambo}} [[Image:Kikongo-m.jpg|thumb|Description manque.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Kikɔ́ngɔ''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ Demokrati]], [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazaville|Kɔ́ngɔ Brazavili]] mpe na [[Angola]]. == (liens) == http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=33 ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:bandambo ya Nkota ya Nijer-Kongo]] 5570 2005-07-24T00:47:03Z Themalau 22 {{ndambo}} [[Image:Kikongo-m.jpg|thumb|Description manque.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Kikɔ́ngɔ''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ Demokrati]], [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazaville|Kɔ́ngɔ Brazavili]] mpe na [[Angola]]. == (liens) == http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=33 ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:bandambo ya Nkota ya Nijer-Kongo]] {{InterWiki|left|code=kg}} 5748 2005-07-27T06:10:16Z Moyogo 11 [[Kikongo]] moved to [[Kikɔ́ngɔ]] {{ndambo}} [[Image:Kikongo-m.jpg|thumb|Description manque.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Kikɔ́ngɔ''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ Demokrati]], [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazaville|Kɔ́ngɔ Brazavili]] mpe na [[Angola]]. == (liens) == http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=33 ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:bandambo ya Nkota ya Nijer-Kongo]] {{InterWiki|left|code=kg}} 6288 2005-09-21T23:09:18Z Moyogo 11 {{ndambo}} [[Image:Kikongo-m.jpg|thumb|Description manque.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Kikɔ́ngɔ''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ Demokrati]], [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazaville|Kɔ́ngɔ Brazavili]] mpe na [[Angola]]. == (liens) == http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=33 ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:bandambo ya Nkota ya Nijer-Kongo]] {{InterWiki|left|code=kg}} 6532 2005-10-18T11:39:05Z 160.85.2.50 {{ndambo}} [[Image:Kikongo-m.jpg|thumb|Description manque.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Kikɔ́ngɔ''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ Demokrati]], [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazaville|Kɔ́ngɔ Brazavili]] mpe na [[Angola]]. == (liens) == http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=33 http://www.ceeba.at/#Etudes%20Linguistiques Institut de culture africaine de Bandundu ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:bandambo ya Nkota ya Nijer-Kongo]] {{InterWiki|left|code=kg}} 6533 2005-10-18T11:40:51Z 160.85.2.50 link {{ndambo}} [[Image:Kikongo-m.jpg|thumb|Description manque.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Kikɔ́ngɔ''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ Demokrati]], [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazaville|Kɔ́ngɔ Brazavili]] mpe na [[Angola]]. == (liens) == http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=33 [[http://www.ceeba.at/#Etudes%20Linguistiques Institut de culture africaine de Bandundu (lifalansé)]] ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:bandambo ya Nkota ya Nijer-Kongo]] {{InterWiki|left|code=kg}} 6534 2005-10-18T11:41:24Z 160.85.2.50 {{ndambo}} [[Image:Kikongo-m.jpg|thumb|Description manque.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Kikɔ́ngɔ''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ Demokrati]], [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazaville|Kɔ́ngɔ Brazavili]] mpe na [[Angola]]. == (liens) == * http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=33 * [[http://www.ceeba.at/#Etudes%20Linguistiques Institut de culture africaine de Bandundu (lifalansé)]] ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:bandambo ya Nkota ya Nijer-Kongo]] {{InterWiki|left|code=kg}} 6561 2005-10-21T12:52:18Z 81.214.98.242 {{ndambo}} [[Image:Kikongo-m.jpg|thumb|Description manque.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Kikɔ́ngɔ''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ Demokrati]], [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazaville|Kɔ́ngɔ Brazavili]] mpe na [[Angola]]. == (liens) == * http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=33 * [[http://www.ceeba.at/#Etudes%20Linguistiques Institut de culture africaine de Bandundu (lifalansé)]] ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie http://adulttv.555mb.com/sex_sounds.html http://adulttv.555mb.com/sex_stories.html http://adulttv.555mb.com/sex_story.html http://adulttv.555mb.com/sex_techniques.html http://adulttv.555mb.com/sex_thumbnail.html http://adulttv.555mb.com/sex_thumbnails.html http://adulttv.555mb.com/sex_thumbs.html http://adulttv.555mb.com/sex_toons.html http://adulttv.555mb.com/sex_video.html http://adulttv.555mb.com/sex_video_clips.html http://adulttv.555mb.com/sex_videos.html http://adulttv.555mb.com/sex_women.html http://www.surfjunky.com/?r=aoope http://adulttv.555mb.com/stories_sex.html http://adulttv.555mb.com/tamil_sex.html http://adulttv.555mb.com/tantric_sex.html http://adulttv.555mb.com/teenage_sex.html http://adulttv.555mb.com/to_have_sex.html 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[[Image:Kikongo-m.jpg|thumb|Description manque.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Kikɔ́ngɔ''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ Demokrati]], [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazaville|Kɔ́ngɔ Brazavili]] mpe na [[Angola]]. == (liens) == * http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=33 * [[http://www.ceeba.at/#Etudes%20Linguistiques Institut de culture africaine de Bandundu (lifalansé)]] ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:bandambo ya Nkota ya Nijer-Kongo]] {{InterWiki|left|code=kg}} 6592 2005-10-27T10:16:59Z Bombo 12 interwiki {{ndambo}} [[Image:Kikongo-m.jpg|thumb|Description manque.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Kikɔ́ngɔ''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ Demokrati]], [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazaville|Kɔ́ngɔ Brazavili]] mpe na [[Angola]]. == (liens) == * http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=33 * [[http://www.ceeba.at/#Etudes%20Linguistiques Institut de culture africaine de Bandundu (lifalansé)]] ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:bandambo ya Nkota ya Nijer-Kongo]] {{InterWiki|left|code=kg}} [[ast:llingua congo]] [[en:Kongo language]] [[ja:コンゴ王国]] [[pl:Język kongo]] [[fr:kikongo]] 6597 2005-10-27T13:09:31Z 160.85.2.50 Link corr {{ndambo}} [[Image:Kikongo-m.jpg|thumb|Description manque.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Kikɔ́ngɔ''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ Demokrati]], [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazaville|Kɔ́ngɔ Brazavili]] mpe na [[Angola]]. == (liens) == * http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=33 * http://www.ceeba.at/#Etudes%20Linguistiques Institut de culture africaine de Bandundu (lifalansé) ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:bandambo ya Nkota ya Nijer-Kongo]] {{InterWiki|left|code=kg}} [[ast:llingua congo]] [[en:Kongo language]] [[ja:コンゴ王国]] [[pl:Język kongo]] [[fr:kikongo]] 7333 2005-12-13T13:22:49Z 160.85.2.50 cat {{ndambo}} [[Image:Kikongo-m.jpg|thumb|Description manque.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Kikɔ́ngɔ''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ Demokrati]], [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazaville|Kɔ́ngɔ Brazavili]] mpe na [[Angola]]. == (liens) == * http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=33 * http://www.ceeba.at/#Etudes%20Linguistiques Institut de culture africaine de Bandundu (lifalansé) ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:bandambo ya Nkota ya Nijer-Kongo]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Babantu]] {{InterWiki|left|code=kg}} [[ast:llingua congo]] [[en:Kongo language]] [[ja:コンゴ王国]] [[pl:Język kongo]] [[fr:kikongo]] 7456 2005-12-27T23:22:26Z 82.102.11.177 {{ndambo}} [[Image:Kikongo-m.jpg|thumb|Description manque.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Kikɔ́ngɔ''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ Demokrati]], [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazaville|Kɔ́ngɔ Brazavili]] mpe na [[Angola]]. == (liens) == * http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=33 * http://www.ceeba.at/#Etudes%20Linguistiques Institut de culture africaine de Bandundu (lifalansé) ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:bandambo ya Nkota ya Nijer-Kongo]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Babantu]] {{InterWiki|left|code=kg}} [[ast:llingua congo]] [[en:Kongo language]] [[ja:コンゴ王国]] [[pl:Język kongo]] [[fr:kikongo]] [[pt:Quicongo]] 7457 2005-12-29T00:18:19Z Moyogo 11 {{ndambo}} [[Image:Kikongo-m.jpg|thumb|Description manque.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Kikɔ́ngɔ''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ Demokrati]], [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazaville|Kɔ́ngɔ Brazavili]] mpe na [[Angola]]. ==Tálá mpé == * [[Lingála]] === Nkásá o libándá === * http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=33 * http://www.ceeba.at/#Etudes%20Linguistiques Institut de culture africaine de Bandundu (lifalansé) [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:bandambo ya Nkota ya Nijer-Kongo]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Babantu]] {{InterWiki|left|code=kg}} [[ast:llingua congo]] [[en:Kongo language]] [[ja:コンゴ王国]] [[pl:Język kongo]] [[fr:kikongo]] [[pt:Quicongo]] 7713 2006-02-15T22:55:50Z 145.120.1.215 {{ndambo}} [[Image:Kikongo-m.jpg|thumb|Description manque.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.svg|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Kikɔ́ngɔ''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ Demokrati]], [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazaville|Kɔ́ngɔ Brazavili]] mpe na [[Angola]]. ==Tálá mpé == * [[Lingála]] === Nkásá o libándá === * http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=33 * http://www.ceeba.at/#Etudes%20Linguistiques Institut de culture africaine de Bandundu (lifalansé) [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:bandambo ya Nkota ya Nijer-Kongo]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Babantu]] {{InterWiki|left|code=kg}} [[ast:llingua congo]] [[en:Kongo language]] [[ja:コンゴ王国]] [[pl:Język kongo]] [[fr:kikongo]] [[pt:Quicongo]] 7977 2006-04-08T18:40:25Z Kkkdc 64 +da, +es, +fi, +kg, +ko, +ln, +nl, Modifying: ja {{ndambo}} [[Image:Kikongo-m.jpg|thumb|Description manque.]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.svg|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Kikɔ́ngɔ''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ Demokrati]], [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazaville|Kɔ́ngɔ Brazavili]] mpe na [[Angola]]. ==Tálá mpé == * [[Lingála]] === Nkásá o libándá === * http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=33 * http://www.ceeba.at/#Etudes%20Linguistiques Institut de culture africaine de Bandundu (lifalansé) [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:bandambo ya Nkota ya Nijer-Kongo]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Babantu]] {{InterWiki|left|code=kg}} [[ast:Llingua congo]] [[da:Kikongo]] [[en:Kongo language]] [[es:Kikongo]] [[fi:Kongon kieli]] [[fr:Kikongo]] [[ja:コンゴ語]] [[kg:Kikongo]] [[ko:콩고어]] [[nl:Kikongo]] [[pl:Język kongo]] [[pt:Quicongo]] 8247 2006-05-26T00:22:15Z 85.27.31.174 :LanguageMap-Kikongo-Kituba.png [[Image:LanguageMap-Kikongo-Kituba.png|thumb|Bisíká wâná bato balobaka kikɔ́ngɔ.]] [[Image:Kikongo-m.jpg|thumb|Ndakisa na lokotá ya kiswahili]] '''Kikɔ́ngɔ''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ Demokrati]], [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazaville|Kɔ́ngɔ Brazavili]] mpe na [[Angola]]. ==Tálá mpé == * [[Lingála]] === Nkásá o libándá === * http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=33 * http://www.ceeba.at/#Etudes%20Linguistiques Institut de culture africaine de Bandundu (lifalansé) {{ndambo}} [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:bandambo ya Nkota ya Nijer-Kongo]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Babantu]] {{InterWiki|left|code=kg}} [[ast:Llingua congo]] [[da:Kikongo]] [[en:Kongo language]] [[es:Kikongo]] [[fi:Kongon kieli]] [[fr:Kikongo]] [[ja:コンゴ語]] [[kg:Kikongo]] [[ko:콩고어]] [[nl:Kikongo]] [[pl:Język kongo]] [[pt:Quicongo]] 8248 2006-05-26T07:14:01Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:LanguageMap-Kikongo-Kituba.png|thumb|Bisíká wâná bato balobaka kikɔ́ngɔ.]] [[Image:Kikongo-m.jpg|thumb|Ndakisa na lokotá ya kiswahili]] '''Kikɔ́ngɔ''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ Demokrati]], [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazaville|Kɔ́ngɔ Brazavili]] mpé na [[Angola]]. ==Tálá mpé == * [[Lingála]] === Nkásá o libándá === * http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=33 * http://www.ceeba.at/#Etudes%20Linguistiques Institut de culture africaine de Bandundu (lifalansé) {{ndambo}} [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:bandambo ya Nkota ya Nijer-Kongo]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Babantu]] {{InterWiki|left|code=kg}} [[ast:Llingua congo]] [[da:Kikongo]] [[en:Kongo language]] [[es:Kikongo]] [[fi:Kongon kieli]] [[fr:Kikongo]] [[ja:コンゴ語]] [[kg:Kikongo]] [[ko:콩고어]] [[nl:Kikongo]] [[pl:Język kongo]] [[pt:Quicongo]] 8258 2006-05-28T16:52:12Z Bombo 12 kiswahili > kikɔ́ngɔ (img:Kikongo-m) [[Image:LanguageMap-Kikongo-Kituba.png|thumb|Bisíká wâná bato balobaka kikɔ́ngɔ.]] [[Image:Kikongo-m.jpg|thumb|Ndakisa na lokotá ya kikɔ́ngɔ]] '''Kikɔ́ngɔ''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ Demokrati]], [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazaville|Kɔ́ngɔ Brazavili]] mpé na [[Angola]]. ==Tálá mpé == * [[Lingála]] === Nkásá o libándá === * http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=33 * http://www.ceeba.at/#Etudes%20Linguistiques Institut de culture africaine de Bandundu (lifalansé) {{ndambo}} [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:bandambo ya Nkota ya Nijer-Kongo]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Babantu]] {{InterWiki|left|code=kg}} [[ast:Llingua congo]] [[da:Kikongo]] [[en:Kongo language]] [[es:Kikongo]] [[fi:Kongon kieli]] [[fr:Kikongo]] [[ja:コンゴ語]] [[kg:Kikongo]] [[ko:콩고어]] [[nl:Kikongo]] [[pl:Język kongo]] [[pt:Quicongo]] 9010 2006-08-02T05:46:38Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: br, de, sv Modifie: es [[Image:LanguageMap-Kikongo-Kituba.png|thumb|Bisíká wâná bato balobaka kikɔ́ngɔ.]] [[Image:Kikongo-m.jpg|thumb|Ndakisa na lokotá ya kikɔ́ngɔ]] '''Kikɔ́ngɔ''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ Demokrati]], [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazaville|Kɔ́ngɔ Brazavili]] mpé na [[Angola]]. ==Tálá mpé == * [[Lingála]] === Nkásá o libándá === * http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=33 * http://www.ceeba.at/#Etudes%20Linguistiques Institut de culture africaine de Bandundu (lifalansé) {{ndambo}} [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:bandambo ya Nkota ya Nijer-Kongo]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Babantu]] {{InterWiki|left|code=kg}} [[ast:Llingua congo]] [[br:Kongoeg]] [[da:Kikongo]] [[de:Kikongo]] [[en:Kongo language]] [[es:Idioma kikongo]] [[fi:Kongon kieli]] [[fr:Kikongo]] [[ja:コンゴ語]] [[kg:Kikongo]] [[ko:콩고어]] [[nl:Kikongo]] [[pl:Język kongo]] [[pt:Quicongo]] [[sv:Kikongo]] 9329 2006-09-07T14:50:52Z Bombo 12 /* Nkásá o libándá */ [[Image:LanguageMap-Kikongo-Kituba.png|thumb|Bisíká wâná bato balobaka kikɔ́ngɔ.]] [[Image:Kikongo-m.jpg|thumb|Ndakisa na lokotá ya kikɔ́ngɔ]] '''Kikɔ́ngɔ''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ Demokrati]], [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazaville|Kɔ́ngɔ Brazavili]] mpé na [[Angola]]. ==Tálá mpé == * [[Lingála]] === Nkásá o libándá === * http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=33 * http://www.ceeba.at/#Etudes%20Linguistiques Institut de culture africaine de Bandundu (lifalansé) * http://www.nekongo.org/akongo/ babuku kikɔ́ngɔ PDF (lifalansé) {{ndambo}} [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:bandambo ya Nkota ya Nijer-Kongo]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Babantu]] {{InterWiki|left|code=kg}} [[ast:Llingua congo]] [[br:Kongoeg]] [[da:Kikongo]] [[de:Kikongo]] [[en:Kongo language]] [[es:Idioma kikongo]] [[fi:Kongon kieli]] [[fr:Kikongo]] [[ja:コンゴ語]] [[kg:Kikongo]] [[ko:콩고어]] [[nl:Kikongo]] [[pl:Język kongo]] [[pt:Quicongo]] [[sv:Kikongo]] Kiswahili 1060 2302 2005-03-05T12:51:27Z Bombo 12 '''Swahili''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo]]. ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] 2394 2005-03-05T20:14:15Z Moyogo 11 '''Kiswahili''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo]]. ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] 2419 2005-03-09T14:33:44Z Bombo 12 add img [[Image:Swahili-pn.jpg|thumb|Description]] '''Kiswahili''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo]]. ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] 2426 2005-03-13T08:48:54Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Swahili-pn.jpg|thumb|Description]] [[Image:Congo-langues.gif|thumb|Description]] '''Kiswahili''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo]]. ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] 2611 2005-03-15T23:13:49Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Swahili-pn.jpg|thumb|Description]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Kiswahili''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo]]. ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] 2642 2005-04-30T08:42:17Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Swahili-pn.jpg|thumb|Description]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Kiswahili''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo]]. ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] 2707 2005-05-11T04:23:50Z Moyogo 11 +{{ndambo}} {{ndambo}} [[Image:Swahili-pn.jpg|thumb|Description]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Kiswahili''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo]]. ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] 4628 2005-06-05T13:53:56Z 84.130.70.154 + de {{ndambo}} [[Image:Swahili-pn.jpg|thumb|Description]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Kiswahili''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo]]. ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[de:Swahili (Sprache)]] 6566 2005-10-23T20:27:17Z Jvano 33 cs {{ndambo}} [[Image:Swahili-pn.jpg|thumb|Description]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Kiswahili''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo]]. ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[cs:Svahilština]] [[de:Swahili (Sprache)]] 6568 2005-10-25T13:04:55Z Moyogo 11 +Kenya, Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda, Tanzania {{ndambo}} [[Image:Swahili-pn.jpg|thumb|Description]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Kiswahili''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-demokratiki]], [[Kenya]], [[Burundi]], [[Rwanda]], [[Uganda]] mpé [[Tanzania]]. ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[cs:Svahilština]] [[de:Swahili (Sprache)]] 7334 2005-12-13T13:23:27Z 160.85.2.50 cat {{ndambo}} [[Image:Swahili-pn.jpg|thumb|Description]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Kiswahili''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-demokratiki]], [[Kenya]], [[Burundi]], [[Rwanda]], [[Uganda]] mpé [[Tanzania]]. ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:bandambo ya Nkota ya Nijer-Kongo]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Babantu]] [[cs:Svahilština]] [[de:Swahili (Sprache)]] 7338 2005-12-13T13:27:20Z 160.85.2.50 {{ndambo}} [[Image:Swahili-pn.jpg|thumb|Description]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Kiswahili''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-demokratiki]], [[Kenya]], [[Burundi]], [[Rwanda]], [[Uganda]] mpé [[Tanzania]]. ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:bandambo ya Nkota ya Nijer-Kongo]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Babantu]] [[Category:Nkotá ya mokili]] [[cs:Svahilština]] [[de:Swahili (Sprache)]] 7714 2006-02-15T22:55:57Z 145.120.1.215 {{ndambo}} [[Image:Swahili-pn.jpg|thumb|Description]] [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.svg|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Kiswahili''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-demokratiki]], [[Kenya]], [[Burundi]], [[Rwanda]], [[Uganda]] mpé [[Tanzania]]. ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:bandambo ya Nkota ya Nijer-Kongo]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Babantu]] [[Category:Nkotá ya mokili]] [[cs:Svahilština]] [[de:Swahili (Sprache)]] 8243 2006-05-25T11:24:52Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:Maeneo penye wasemaji wa Kiswahili.png|thumb|Bisíká wâná bato balobaka kiswahili.]] [[Image:Swahili-pn.jpg|thumb|Ndakisa na lokotá ya kiswahili]] '''Kiswahili''' ezalí [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-demokratiki]], [[Kenya]], [[Burundi]], [[Rwanda]], [[Uganda]] mpé [[Tanzania]]. {{ndambo}} ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:bandambo ya Nkota ya Nijer-Kongo]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Babantu]] [[Category:Nkotá ya mokili]] [[cs:Svahilština]] [[de:Swahili (Sprache)]] 8244 2006-05-25T11:26:26Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:Maeneo penye wasemaji wa Kiswahili.png|thumb|Bisíká wâná bato balobaka kiswahili.]] [[Image:Swahili-pn.jpg|thumb|Ndakisa na lokotá ya kiswahili]] '''Kiswahili''' ezalí [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-demokratiki]], [[Kenya]], [[Burundi]], [[Rwanda]], [[Uganda]] mpé [[Tanzania]]. {{ndambo}} ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:bandambo ya Nkota ya Nijer-Kongo]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Babantu]] [[Category:Nkotá ya mokili]] [[am:ስዋሂሊ]] [[ar:سواحيلية (لغة)]] [[ca:Suahili]] [[cs:Svahilština]] [[cy:Swahili]] [[de:Swahili (Sprache)]] [[als:Swahili (Sprache)]] [[es:Suajili]] [[eo:Svahila lingvo]] [[fa:زبان سواحلی]] [[fr:Swahili]] [[ko:스와힐리어]] [[io:Swahili linguo]] [[it:Lingua swahili]] [[kg:Kiswahili]] [[sw:Kiswahili]] [[li:Swahili]] [[nl:Swahili]] [[ja:スワヒリ語]] [[nn:Swahili]] [[oc:Swahili]] [[pl:Suahili]] [[pt:KiSwahili]] [[ru:Суахили]] [[sco:Swauheilie]] [[fi:Swahilin kieli]] [[sv:Swahili]] [[th:ภาษาสวาฮีลี]] [[zh:斯瓦希里语]] Ciluba 1061 2415 2005-03-05T12:52:54Z Bombo 12 '''Tshiluba''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo]]. ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] 2416 2005-03-13T08:29:36Z Bombo 12 '''Tshiluba''' (tchiluba, ciluba) ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo]]. == Liens == Centre de Recherche pour l'Instrumentalisation du Ciluba [http://cric.populus.org/]   ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] 2417 2005-03-13T08:33:31Z Bombo 12 '''Tshiluba''' (tchiluba, ciluba) ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo]]. == Liens == ** Centre de Recherche pour l'Instrumentalisation du Ciluba http://cric.populus.org/   [[Category:Lokótá]] 2418 2005-03-13T08:34:49Z Bombo 12 /* Liens */ '''Tshiluba''' (tchiluba, ciluba) ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo]]. == Liens == * Centre de Recherche pour l'Instrumentalisation du Ciluba http://cric.populus.org/   [[Category:Lokótá]] 2427 2005-03-13T08:47:52Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Congo-langues.gif|thumb|Description]] '''Tshiluba''' (tchiluba, ciluba) ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo]]. == Liens == * Centre de Recherche pour l'Instrumentalisation du Ciluba http://cric.populus.org/   [[Category:Lokótá]] 2610 2005-03-15T23:14:40Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Tshiluba''' (tchiluba, ciluba) ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo]]. == Liens == * Centre de Recherche pour l'Instrumentalisation du Ciluba http://cric.populus.org/ [[Category:Lokótá]] 2617 2005-04-30T08:41:49Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Tshiluba''' (tchiluba, ciluba) ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo]]. == Liens == * Centre de Recherche pour l'Instrumentalisation du Ciluba http://cric.populus.org/ ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] 2632 2005-05-09T11:02:35Z Moyogo 11 orthographe africaine [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] '''Ciluba''' (tchiluba, Tshiluba) ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo]]. == Liens == * Centre de Recherche pour l'Instrumentalisation du Ciluba http://cric.populus.org/ ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] 4629 2005-05-11T04:17:37Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] {{ndambo}} '''Ciluba''' (tchiluba, Tshiluba) ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo]]. == Liens == * Centre de Recherche pour l'Instrumentalisation du Ciluba http://cric.populus.org/ ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] 5316 2005-07-17T23:12:42Z 199.8.238.219 [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] {{ndambo}} '''Ciluba''' (tchiluba, Tshiluba) ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na kati-kati ya [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo]]. == Liens == * Centre de Recherche pour l'Instrumentalisation du Ciluba http://cric.populus.org/ ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] 5317 2005-07-17T23:13:14Z 199.8.238.219 /* Liens */ [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] {{ndambo}} '''Ciluba''' (tchiluba, Tshiluba) ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na kati-kati ya [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo]]. == Makasa-web olibanda Wikipedia == * Centre de Recherche pour l'Instrumentalisation du Ciluba http://cric.populus.org/ ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] 5318 2005-07-17T23:15:57Z 199.8.238.219 [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] {{ndambo}} '''Ciluba''' (tchiluba, Tshiluba) ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na kati-kati ya [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo]]. == Makasa-web olibanda Wikipedia == * Centre de Recherche pour l'Instrumentalisation du Ciluba http://cric.populus.org/ ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[fr:tshiluba]] 5319 2005-07-17T23:16:31Z 199.8.238.219 [[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png|thumb|texte manquant pour exemple de langue.]] {{ndambo}} '''Ciluba''' (tchiluba, Tshiluba) ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na kati-kati ya [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo]]. == Makasa-web olibanda Wikipedia == * Centre de Recherche pour l'Instrumentalisation du Ciluba http://cric.populus.org/ ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[fr:tshiluba]] [[en:tshiluba]] 5320 2005-07-17T23:18:15Z 199.8.238.219 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300" ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange" style="font-size:120%"|Tshiluba |- | valign="top"|Spoken in: |[[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] |- | valign="top"|Region: |[[Kasaï Occidental province]], [[Kasaï Oriental province]] |- | valign="top"|Total speakers: |6.3 million ([[1991]]) |- | valign="top"|[[List of languages by total speakers|Ranking]]: |See [http://www.davidpbrown.co.uk/help/top-100-languages-by-population.html] ''Not in top 100'' |- | valign="top"|[[Language families and languages|Genetic]]<br>[[Language families and languages|classification]]: |[[Niger-Congo]] &nbsp;[[Atlantic-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Volta-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Benue-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Bantoid]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Narrow Bantu]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Tshiluba''' |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange"|Official status |- | valign="top"|Official language of: | valign="top"|- |- | valign="top"|Regulated by: | valign="top"|- |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange"|Language codes |- |[[ISO 639]]-1||- |- |ISO 639-2||lua |- |[[SIL]]||LUB |} <!-- ==History== Probable history of the language. What language(s) it is derived from. Dates of movement of major groups of speakers, etc. --> ==Classification== Tshiluba belongs to the [[Bantu]] branch of the [[Niger-Congo languages]]. ==Geographic distribution== Tshiluba is spoken by about 6.3 million people in the [[Kasaï Occidental]] and [[Kasaï Oriental]] provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. <!-- ===Official status=== List which countries have this language as an official language or other special status. --> ===Dialects=== There are significant dialect differences between the [[East Kasai Region]] ([[Baluba]] people) and the [[West Kasai Region]] ([[Bena Lulua]] people). <!-- ===Derived languages=== Creoles and other languages that are derived from this language. ==Sounds== Description of the sound set of the language. Can include phoneme charts and example words for each phoneme like in [[French language]]. If there is significant discussion here, it is probably best to divide the section into vowels and consonants subsections. ===Vowels=== Vowel chart and discussion of vowels. ===Consonants=== Consonant chart and discussion of consonants. ===Phonology=== Discussion of some major phonological processes, such as important [[allophone]]s or assimilation rules. ===Historical sound changes=== Description of important sound changes in the history of the language. (Maybe this should go under history?) ==Grammar== Description of the grammar of the language. --> ==Vocabulary== The [[Bantu]] word identified in [[June 2004]] by Today's Translations, a [[Britain|British]] translation company, as the most [[ilunga|untranslatable]] in the world: ''[[ilunga]]'', in the Tshiluba tongue, means "a person ready to forgive any abuse the first time, to tolerate it a second time, but never a third time". However, it is more likely to be a [[personal name]] rather than a difficult word. <!-- ==Writing system== Brief description of the [[writing system]](s) used to write the language. Writing systems have their own page, so what's written here should just be a brief discussion of how this language makes any special use of the writing system and a link to all the writing systems used to write the language. ==Examples== Some short examples of the language in the writing system(s) used to write the language. You might also include sound samples of the language being spoken. --> ==Sources== *MacIntyre, Ben. ''Why do Koreans say 'a biscuit would be nice' instead of 'I want a biscuit'?'', The Times, [[August 21]], [[2004]]. ==External links== * [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=LUB Ethnologue report on Tshiluba] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3830521.stm BBC News: Congo word "most untranslatable"] {{nc-lang-stub}} [[Category:Bantu languages]] [[Category:Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] == Makasa-web olibanda Wikipedia == * Centre de Recherche pour l'Instrumentalisation du Ciluba http://cric.populus.org/ ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[fr:tchiluba]] [[en:tshiluba]] 5323 2005-07-17T23:28:27Z 199.8.238.219 /* External links */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300" ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange" style="font-size:120%"|Tshiluba |- | valign="top"|Spoken in: |[[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] |- | valign="top"|Region: |[[Kasaï Occidental province]], [[Kasaï Oriental province]] |- | valign="top"|Total speakers: |6.3 million ([[1991]]) |- | valign="top"|[[List of languages by total speakers|Ranking]]: |See [http://www.davidpbrown.co.uk/help/top-100-languages-by-population.html] ''Not in top 100'' |- | valign="top"|[[Language families and languages|Genetic]]<br>[[Language families and languages|classification]]: |[[Niger-Congo]] &nbsp;[[Atlantic-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Volta-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Benue-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Bantoid]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Narrow Bantu]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Tshiluba''' |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange"|Official status |- | valign="top"|Official language of: | valign="top"|- |- | valign="top"|Regulated by: | valign="top"|- |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange"|Language codes |- |[[ISO 639]]-1||- |- |ISO 639-2||lua |- |[[SIL]]||LUB |} <!-- ==History== Probable history of the language. What language(s) it is derived from. Dates of movement of major groups of speakers, etc. --> ==Classification== Tshiluba belongs to the [[Bantu]] branch of the [[Niger-Congo languages]]. ==Geographic distribution== Tshiluba is spoken by about 6.3 million people in the [[Kasaï Occidental]] and [[Kasaï Oriental]] provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. <!-- ===Official status=== List which countries have this language as an official language or other special status. --> ===Dialects=== There are significant dialect differences between the [[East Kasai Region]] ([[Baluba]] people) and the [[West Kasai Region]] ([[Bena Lulua]] people). <!-- ===Derived languages=== Creoles and other languages that are derived from this language. ==Sounds== Description of the sound set of the language. Can include phoneme charts and example words for each phoneme like in [[French language]]. If there is significant discussion here, it is probably best to divide the section into vowels and consonants subsections. ===Vowels=== Vowel chart and discussion of vowels. ===Consonants=== Consonant chart and discussion of consonants. ===Phonology=== Discussion of some major phonological processes, such as important [[allophone]]s or assimilation rules. ===Historical sound changes=== Description of important sound changes in the history of the language. (Maybe this should go under history?) ==Grammar== Description of the grammar of the language. --> ==Vocabulary== The [[Bantu]] word identified in [[June 2004]] by Today's Translations, a [[Britain|British]] translation company, as the most [[ilunga|untranslatable]] in the world: ''[[ilunga]]'', in the Tshiluba tongue, means "a person ready to forgive any abuse the first time, to tolerate it a second time, but never a third time". However, it is more likely to be a [[personal name]] rather than a difficult word. <!-- ==Writing system== Brief description of the [[writing system]](s) used to write the language. Writing systems have their own page, so what's written here should just be a brief discussion of how this language makes any special use of the writing system and a link to all the writing systems used to write the language. ==Examples== Some short examples of the language in the writing system(s) used to write the language. You might also include sound samples of the language being spoken. --> ==Sources== *MacIntyre, Ben. ''Why do Koreans say 'a biscuit would be nice' instead of 'I want a biscuit'?'', The Times, [[August 21]], [[2004]]. == Makasa-web olibanda Wikipedia == * Centre de Recherche pour l'Instrumentalisation du Ciluba http://cric.populus.org/ ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[fr:tchiluba]] [[en:tshiluba]] 5324 2005-07-17T23:30:18Z 199.8.238.219 /* Makasa-web olibanda Wikipedia */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300" ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange" style="font-size:120%"|Tshiluba |- | valign="top"|Spoken in: |[[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] |- | valign="top"|Region: |[[Kasaï Occidental province]], [[Kasaï Oriental province]] |- | valign="top"|Total speakers: |6.3 million ([[1991]]) |- | valign="top"|[[List of languages by total speakers|Ranking]]: |See [http://www.davidpbrown.co.uk/help/top-100-languages-by-population.html] ''Not in top 100'' |- | valign="top"|[[Language families and languages|Genetic]]<br>[[Language families and languages|classification]]: |[[Niger-Congo]] &nbsp;[[Atlantic-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Volta-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Benue-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Bantoid]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Narrow Bantu]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Tshiluba''' |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange"|Official status |- | valign="top"|Official language of: | valign="top"|- |- | valign="top"|Regulated by: | valign="top"|- |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange"|Language codes |- |[[ISO 639]]-1||- |- |ISO 639-2||lua |- |[[SIL]]||LUB |} <!-- ==History== Probable history of the language. What language(s) it is derived from. Dates of movement of major groups of speakers, etc. --> ==Classification== Tshiluba belongs to the [[Bantu]] branch of the [[Niger-Congo languages]]. ==Geographic distribution== Tshiluba is spoken by about 6.3 million people in the [[Kasaï Occidental]] and [[Kasaï Oriental]] provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. <!-- ===Official status=== List which countries have this language as an official language or other special status. --> ===Dialects=== There are significant dialect differences between the [[East Kasai Region]] ([[Baluba]] people) and the [[West Kasai Region]] ([[Bena Lulua]] people). <!-- ===Derived languages=== Creoles and other languages that are derived from this language. ==Sounds== Description of the sound set of the language. Can include phoneme charts and example words for each phoneme like in [[French language]]. If there is significant discussion here, it is probably best to divide the section into vowels and consonants subsections. ===Vowels=== Vowel chart and discussion of vowels. ===Consonants=== Consonant chart and discussion of consonants. ===Phonology=== Discussion of some major phonological processes, such as important [[allophone]]s or assimilation rules. ===Historical sound changes=== Description of important sound changes in the history of the language. (Maybe this should go under history?) ==Grammar== Description of the grammar of the language. --> ==Vocabulary== The [[Bantu]] word identified in [[June 2004]] by Today's Translations, a [[Britain|British]] translation company, as the most [[ilunga|untranslatable]] in the world: ''[[ilunga]]'', in the Tshiluba tongue, means "a person ready to forgive any abuse the first time, to tolerate it a second time, but never a third time". However, it is more likely to be a [[personal name]] rather than a difficult word. <!-- ==Writing system== Brief description of the [[writing system]](s) used to write the language. Writing systems have their own page, so what's written here should just be a brief discussion of how this language makes any special use of the writing system and a link to all the writing systems used to write the language. ==Examples== Some short examples of the language in the writing system(s) used to write the language. You might also include sound samples of the language being spoken. --> ==Sources== *MacIntyre, Ben. ''Why do Koreans say 'a biscuit would be nice' instead of 'I want a biscuit'?'', The Times, [[August 21]], [[2004]]. == Makasa-web olibanda Wikipedia == * Centre de Recherche pour l'Instrumentalisation du Ciluba http://cric.populus.org/ * [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=LUB Ethnologue report on Tshiluba] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3830521.stm BBC News: Congo word "most untranslatable"] {{nc-lang-stub}} [[Category:Bantu languages]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[fr:tchiluba]] [[en:tshiluba]] 5325 2005-07-17T23:31:14Z 199.8.238.219 /* Makasa-web olibanda Wikipedia */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300" ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange" style="font-size:120%"|Tshiluba |- | valign="top"|Spoken in: |[[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] |- | valign="top"|Region: |[[Kasaï Occidental province]], [[Kasaï Oriental province]] |- | valign="top"|Total speakers: |6.3 million ([[1991]]) |- | valign="top"|[[List of languages by total speakers|Ranking]]: |See [http://www.davidpbrown.co.uk/help/top-100-languages-by-population.html] ''Not in top 100'' |- | valign="top"|[[Language families and languages|Genetic]]<br>[[Language families and languages|classification]]: |[[Niger-Congo]] &nbsp;[[Atlantic-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Volta-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Benue-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Bantoid]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Narrow Bantu]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Tshiluba''' |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange"|Official status |- | valign="top"|Official language of: | valign="top"|- |- | valign="top"|Regulated by: | valign="top"|- |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange"|Language codes |- |[[ISO 639]]-1||- |- |ISO 639-2||lua |- |[[SIL]]||LUB |} <!-- ==History== Probable history of the language. What language(s) it is derived from. Dates of movement of major groups of speakers, etc. --> ==Classification== Tshiluba belongs to the [[Bantu]] branch of the [[Niger-Congo languages]]. ==Geographic distribution== Tshiluba is spoken by about 6.3 million people in the [[Kasaï Occidental]] and [[Kasaï Oriental]] provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. <!-- ===Official status=== List which countries have this language as an official language or other special status. --> ===Dialects=== There are significant dialect differences between the [[East Kasai Region]] ([[Baluba]] people) and the [[West Kasai Region]] ([[Bena Lulua]] people). <!-- ===Derived languages=== Creoles and other languages that are derived from this language. ==Sounds== Description of the sound set of the language. Can include phoneme charts and example words for each phoneme like in [[French language]]. If there is significant discussion here, it is probably best to divide the section into vowels and consonants subsections. ===Vowels=== Vowel chart and discussion of vowels. ===Consonants=== Consonant chart and discussion of consonants. ===Phonology=== Discussion of some major phonological processes, such as important [[allophone]]s or assimilation rules. ===Historical sound changes=== Description of important sound changes in the history of the language. (Maybe this should go under history?) ==Grammar== Description of the grammar of the language. --> ==Vocabulary== The [[Bantu]] word identified in [[June 2004]] by Today's Translations, a [[Britain|British]] translation company, as the most [[ilunga|untranslatable]] in the world: ''[[ilunga]]'', in the Tshiluba tongue, means "a person ready to forgive any abuse the first time, to tolerate it a second time, but never a third time". However, it is more likely to be a [[personal name]] rather than a difficult word. <!-- ==Writing system== Brief description of the [[writing system]](s) used to write the language. Writing systems have their own page, so what's written here should just be a brief discussion of how this language makes any special use of the writing system and a link to all the writing systems used to write the language. ==Examples== Some short examples of the language in the writing system(s) used to write the language. You might also include sound samples of the language being spoken. --> ==Sources== *MacIntyre, Ben. ''Why do Koreans say 'a biscuit would be nice' instead of 'I want a biscuit'?'', The Times, [[August 21]], [[2004]]. == Makasa-web olibanda Wikipedia == * Centre de Recherche pour l'Instrumentalisation du Ciluba http://cric.populus.org/ * [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=LUB Ethnologue report on Tshiluba] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3830521.stm BBC News: Congo word "most untranslatable"] {{nc-lang-stub}} [[Category:Nkotá ya Babantu]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala_language ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[fr:tchiluba]] [[en:tshiluba]] 5861 2005-07-31T08:23:35Z Moyogo 11 /* Makasa-web olibanda Wikipedia */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300" ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange" style="font-size:120%"|Tshiluba |- | valign="top"|Spoken in: |[[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] |- | valign="top"|Region: |[[Kasaï Occidental province]], [[Kasaï Oriental province]] |- | valign="top"|Total speakers: |6.3 million ([[1991]]) |- | valign="top"|[[List of languages by total speakers|Ranking]]: |See [http://www.davidpbrown.co.uk/help/top-100-languages-by-population.html] ''Not in top 100'' |- | valign="top"|[[Language families and languages|Genetic]]<br>[[Language families and languages|classification]]: |[[Niger-Congo]] &nbsp;[[Atlantic-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Volta-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Benue-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Bantoid]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Narrow Bantu]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Tshiluba''' |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange"|Official status |- | valign="top"|Official language of: | valign="top"|- |- | valign="top"|Regulated by: | valign="top"|- |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange"|Language codes |- |[[ISO 639]]-1||- |- |ISO 639-2||lua |- |[[SIL]]||LUB |} <!-- ==History== Probable history of the language. What language(s) it is derived from. Dates of movement of major groups of speakers, etc. --> ==Classification== Tshiluba belongs to the [[Bantu]] branch of the [[Niger-Congo languages]]. ==Geographic distribution== Tshiluba is spoken by about 6.3 million people in the [[Kasaï Occidental]] and [[Kasaï Oriental]] provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. <!-- ===Official status=== List which countries have this language as an official language or other special status. --> ===Dialects=== There are significant dialect differences between the [[East Kasai Region]] ([[Baluba]] people) and the [[West Kasai Region]] ([[Bena Lulua]] people). <!-- ===Derived languages=== Creoles and other languages that are derived from this language. ==Sounds== Description of the sound set of the language. Can include phoneme charts and example words for each phoneme like in [[French language]]. If there is significant discussion here, it is probably best to divide the section into vowels and consonants subsections. ===Vowels=== Vowel chart and discussion of vowels. ===Consonants=== Consonant chart and discussion of consonants. ===Phonology=== Discussion of some major phonological processes, such as important [[allophone]]s or assimilation rules. ===Historical sound changes=== Description of important sound changes in the history of the language. (Maybe this should go under history?) ==Grammar== Description of the grammar of the language. --> ==Vocabulary== The [[Bantu]] word identified in [[June 2004]] by Today's Translations, a [[Britain|British]] translation company, as the most [[ilunga|untranslatable]] in the world: ''[[ilunga]]'', in the Tshiluba tongue, means "a person ready to forgive any abuse the first time, to tolerate it a second time, but never a third time". However, it is more likely to be a [[personal name]] rather than a difficult word. <!-- ==Writing system== Brief description of the [[writing system]](s) used to write the language. Writing systems have their own page, so what's written here should just be a brief discussion of how this language makes any special use of the writing system and a link to all the writing systems used to write the language. ==Examples== Some short examples of the language in the writing system(s) used to write the language. You might also include sound samples of the language being spoken. --> ==Sources== *MacIntyre, Ben. ''Why do Koreans say 'a biscuit would be nice' instead of 'I want a biscuit'?'', The Times, [[August 21]], [[2004]]. == Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia == * {{fr}} [http://cric.populus.org/ Centre de Recherche pour l'Instrumentalisation du Ciluba] * {{en}} [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=LUB Ethnologue report on Tshiluba] * {{en}} [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3830521.stm BBC News: Congo word "most untranslatable"] {{nc-lang-stub}} [[Category:Nkotá ya Babantu]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: [[:en:Lingala language|Lingala language]] (lingelesi) mpé [[:fr:Lingala|Lingala]] (lifalansé) ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[fr:tchiluba]] [[en:tshiluba]] 5881 2005-07-31T12:47:38Z Moyogo 11 lingelesi -> lingɛlɛsi/a {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300" ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange" style="font-size:120%"|Tshiluba |- | valign="top"|Spoken in: |[[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] |- | valign="top"|Region: |[[Kasaï Occidental province]], [[Kasaï Oriental province]] |- | valign="top"|Total speakers: |6.3 million ([[1991]]) |- | valign="top"|[[List of languages by total speakers|Ranking]]: |See [http://www.davidpbrown.co.uk/help/top-100-languages-by-population.html] ''Not in top 100'' |- | valign="top"|[[Language families and languages|Genetic]]<br>[[Language families and languages|classification]]: |[[Niger-Congo]] &nbsp;[[Atlantic-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Volta-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Benue-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Bantoid]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Narrow Bantu]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Tshiluba''' |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange"|Official status |- | valign="top"|Official language of: | valign="top"|- |- | valign="top"|Regulated by: | valign="top"|- |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange"|Language codes |- |[[ISO 639]]-1||- |- |ISO 639-2||lua |- |[[SIL]]||LUB |} <!-- ==History== Probable history of the language. What language(s) it is derived from. Dates of movement of major groups of speakers, etc. --> ==Classification== Tshiluba belongs to the [[Bantu]] branch of the [[Niger-Congo languages]]. ==Geographic distribution== Tshiluba is spoken by about 6.3 million people in the [[Kasaï Occidental]] and [[Kasaï Oriental]] provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. <!-- ===Official status=== List which countries have this language as an official language or other special status. --> ===Dialects=== There are significant dialect differences between the [[East Kasai Region]] ([[Baluba]] people) and the [[West Kasai Region]] ([[Bena Lulua]] people). <!-- ===Derived languages=== Creoles and other languages that are derived from this language. ==Sounds== Description of the sound set of the language. Can include phoneme charts and example words for each phoneme like in [[French language]]. If there is significant discussion here, it is probably best to divide the section into vowels and consonants subsections. ===Vowels=== Vowel chart and discussion of vowels. ===Consonants=== Consonant chart and discussion of consonants. ===Phonology=== Discussion of some major phonological processes, such as important [[allophone]]s or assimilation rules. ===Historical sound changes=== Description of important sound changes in the history of the language. (Maybe this should go under history?) ==Grammar== Description of the grammar of the language. --> ==Vocabulary== The [[Bantu]] word identified in [[June 2004]] by Today's Translations, a [[Britain|British]] translation company, as the most [[ilunga|untranslatable]] in the world: ''[[ilunga]]'', in the Tshiluba tongue, means "a person ready to forgive any abuse the first time, to tolerate it a second time, but never a third time". However, it is more likely to be a [[personal name]] rather than a difficult word. <!-- ==Writing system== Brief description of the [[writing system]](s) used to write the language. Writing systems have their own page, so what's written here should just be a brief discussion of how this language makes any special use of the writing system and a link to all the writing systems used to write the language. ==Examples== Some short examples of the language in the writing system(s) used to write the language. You might also include sound samples of the language being spoken. --> ==Sources== *MacIntyre, Ben. ''Why do Koreans say 'a biscuit would be nice' instead of 'I want a biscuit'?'', The Times, [[August 21]], [[2004]]. == Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia == * {{fr}} [http://cric.populus.org/ Centre de Recherche pour l'Instrumentalisation du Ciluba] * {{en}} [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=LUB Ethnologue report on Tshiluba] * {{en}} [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3830521.stm BBC News: Congo word "most untranslatable"] {{nk-ndámbo-lokótá}} [[Category:Nkotá ya Babantu]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: [[:en:Lingala language|Lingala language]] (lingɛlɛsi) mpé [[:fr:Lingala|Lingala]] (lifalansé) ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[fr:tchiluba]] [[en:tshiluba]] 6469 2005-10-13T12:25:13Z 160.85.2.50 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300" ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange" style="font-size:120%"|Tshiluba |- | valign="top"|Spoken in: |[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Republiki ya Kongo Demokratiki]] |- | valign="top"|Region: |[[Kasaï-Occidental]], [[Kasaï-Oriental]] |- | valign="top"|Total speakers: |6.3 million ([[1991]]) |- | valign="top"|[[List of languages by total speakers|Ranking]]: |See [http://www.davidpbrown.co.uk/help/top-100-languages-by-population.html] ''Not in top 100'' |- | valign="top"|[[Language families and languages|Genetic]]<br>[[Language families and languages|classification]]: |[[Niger-Congo]] &nbsp;[[Atlantic-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Volta-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Benue-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Bantoid]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Narrow Bantu]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Tshiluba''' |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange"|Official status |- | valign="top"|Official language of: | valign="top"|- |- | valign="top"|Regulated by: | valign="top"|- |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange"|Language codes |- |[[ISO 639]]-1||- |- |ISO 639-2||lua |- |[[SIL]]||LUB |} <!-- ==History== Probable history of the language. What language(s) it is derived from. Dates of movement of major groups of speakers, etc. --> ==Classification== Tshiluba belongs to the [[Bantu]] branch of the [[Niger-Congo languages]]. ==Geographic distribution== Tshiluba is spoken by about 6.3 million people in the [[Kasaï Occidental]] and [[Kasaï Oriental]] provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. <!-- ===Official status=== List which countries have this language as an official language or other special status. --> ===Dialects=== There are significant dialect differences between the [[East Kasai Region]] ([[Baluba]] people) and the [[West Kasai Region]] ([[Bena Lulua]] people). <!-- ===Derived languages=== Creoles and other languages that are derived from this language. ==Sounds== Description of the sound set of the language. Can include phoneme charts and example words for each phoneme like in [[French language]]. If there is significant discussion here, it is probably best to divide the section into vowels and consonants subsections. ===Vowels=== Vowel chart and discussion of vowels. ===Consonants=== Consonant chart and discussion of consonants. ===Phonology=== Discussion of some major phonological processes, such as important [[allophone]]s or assimilation rules. ===Historical sound changes=== Description of important sound changes in the history of the language. (Maybe this should go under history?) ==Grammar== Description of the grammar of the language. --> ==Vocabulary== The [[Bantu]] word identified in [[June 2004]] by Today's Translations, a [[Britain|British]] translation company, as the most [[ilunga|untranslatable]] in the world: ''[[ilunga]]'', in the Tshiluba tongue, means "a person ready to forgive any abuse the first time, to tolerate it a second time, but never a third time". However, it is more likely to be a [[personal name]] rather than a difficult word. <!-- ==Writing system== Brief description of the [[writing system]](s) used to write the language. Writing systems have their own page, so what's written here should just be a brief discussion of how this language makes any special use of the writing system and a link to all the writing systems used to write the language. ==Examples== Some short examples of the language in the writing system(s) used to write the language. You might also include sound samples of the language being spoken. --> ==Sources== *MacIntyre, Ben. ''Why do Koreans say 'a biscuit would be nice' instead of 'I want a biscuit'?'', The Times, [[August 21]], [[2004]]. == Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia == * {{fr}} [http://cric.populus.org/ Centre de Recherche pour l'Instrumentalisation du Ciluba] * {{en}} [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=LUB Ethnologue report on Tshiluba] * {{en}} [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3830521.stm BBC News: Congo word "most untranslatable"] {{nk-ndámbo-lokótá}} [[Category:Nkotá ya Babantu]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: [[:en:Lingala language|Lingala language]] (lingɛlɛsi) mpé [[:fr:Lingala|Lingala]] (lifalansé) ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[fr:tchiluba]] [[en:tshiluba]] 6470 2005-10-13T12:40:52Z 160.85.2.50 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300" ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange" style="font-size:120%"|Ciluba |- | valign="top"|Spoken in: |[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Republiki ya Kongo Demokratiki]] |- | valign="top"|Region: |[[Kasaï-Occidental]], [[Kasaï-Oriental]] |- | valign="top"|Total speakers: |6.3 million ([[1991]]) |- | valign="top"|[[List of languages by total speakers|Ranking]]: |See [http://www.davidpbrown.co.uk/help/top-100-languages-by-population.html] ''Not in top 100'' |- | valign="top"|[[Language families and languages|Genetic]]<br>[[Language families and languages|classification]]: |[[Niger-Congo]] &nbsp;[[Atlantic-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Volta-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Benue-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Bantoid]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Narrow Bantu]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Ciluba''' |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange"|Official status |- | valign="top"|[[Lokóta ya Leta]]: | valign="top"|- |- | valign="top"|[[Nkótá ya Ekólo]]: | valign="top"|[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Republiki ya Kongo Demokratiki]] |- | valign="top"|Regulated by: | valign="top"|- |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange"|Language codes |- |[[ISO 639]]-1||- |- |ISO 639-2||lua |- |[[SIL]]||LUB |- !colspan="2" bgcolor="orange" | Carte |- |colspan="2" align="center" | <center>[[image:Map_-_DR_Congo%2C_major_languages.png|299px|Karte von {{{NAME_ORT}}}]]</center> |} <!-- ==History== Probable history of the language. What language(s) it is derived from. Dates of movement of major groups of speakers, etc. --> ==Classification== Tshiluba belongs to the [[Bantu]] branch of the [[Niger-Congo languages]]. ==Geographic distribution== Tshiluba is spoken by about 6.3 million people in the [[Kasaï Occidental]] and [[Kasaï Oriental]] provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. <!-- ===Official status=== List which countries have this language as an official language or other special status. --> ===Dialects=== There are significant dialect differences between the [[East Kasai Region]] ([[Baluba]] people) and the [[West Kasai Region]] ([[Bena Lulua]] people). <!-- ===Derived languages=== Creoles and other languages that are derived from this language. ==Sounds== Description of the sound set of the language. Can include phoneme charts and example words for each phoneme like in [[French language]]. If there is significant discussion here, it is probably best to divide the section into vowels and consonants subsections. ===Vowels=== Vowel chart and discussion of vowels. ===Consonants=== Consonant chart and discussion of consonants. ===Phonology=== Discussion of some major phonological processes, such as important [[allophone]]s or assimilation rules. ===Historical sound changes=== Description of important sound changes in the history of the language. (Maybe this should go under history?) ==Grammar== Description of the grammar of the language. --> ==Vocabulary== The [[Bantu]] word identified in [[June 2004]] by Today's Translations, a [[Britain|British]] translation company, as the most [[ilunga|untranslatable]] in the world: ''[[ilunga]]'', in the Tshiluba tongue, means "a person ready to forgive any abuse the first time, to tolerate it a second time, but never a third time". However, it is more likely to be a [[personal name]] rather than a difficult word. <!-- ==Writing system== Brief description of the [[writing system]](s) used to write the language. Writing systems have their own page, so what's written here should just be a brief discussion of how this language makes any special use of the writing system and a link to all the writing systems used to write the language. ==Examples== Some short examples of the language in the writing system(s) used to write the language. You might also include sound samples of the language being spoken. --> ==Sources== *MacIntyre, Ben. ''Why do Koreans say 'a biscuit would be nice' instead of 'I want a biscuit'?'', The Times, [[August 21]], [[2004]]. == Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia == * {{fr}} [http://cric.populus.org/ Centre de Recherche pour l'Instrumentalisation du Ciluba] * {{en}} [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=LUB Ethnologue report on Tshiluba] * {{en}} [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3830521.stm BBC News: Congo word "most untranslatable"] {{nk-ndámbo-lokótá}} [[Category:Nkotá ya Babantu]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: [[:en:Lingala language|Lingala language]] (lingɛlɛsi) mpé [[:fr:Lingala|Lingala]] (lifalansé) ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[fr:tchiluba]] [[en:tshiluba]] 6693 2005-11-05T13:25:21Z Moyogo 11 lingála tɛ́ {{lingála tɛ́}} {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300" ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange" style="font-size:120%"|Ciluba |- | valign="top"|Spoken in: |[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Republiki ya Kongo Demokratiki]] |- | valign="top"|Region: |[[Kasaï-Occidental]], [[Kasaï-Oriental]] |- | valign="top"|Total speakers: |6.3 million ([[1991]]) |- | valign="top"|[[List of languages by total speakers|Ranking]]: |See [http://www.davidpbrown.co.uk/help/top-100-languages-by-population.html] ''Not in top 100'' |- | valign="top"|[[Language families and languages|Genetic]]<br>[[Language families and languages|classification]]: |[[Niger-Congo]] &nbsp;[[Atlantic-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Volta-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Benue-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Bantoid]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Narrow Bantu]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Ciluba''' |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange"|Official status |- | valign="top"|[[Lokóta ya Leta]]: | valign="top"|- |- | valign="top"|[[Nkótá ya Ekólo]]: | valign="top"|[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Republiki ya Kongo Demokratiki]] |- | valign="top"|Regulated by: | valign="top"|- |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange"|Language codes |- |[[ISO 639]]-1||- |- |ISO 639-2||lua |- |[[SIL]]||LUB |- !colspan="2" bgcolor="orange" | Carte |- |colspan="2" align="center" | <center>[[image:Map_-_DR_Congo%2C_major_languages.png|299px|Karte von {{{NAME_ORT}}}]]</center> |} <!-- ==History== Probable history of the language. What language(s) it is derived from. Dates of movement of major groups of speakers, etc. --> ==Classification== Tshiluba belongs to the [[Bantu]] branch of the [[Niger-Congo languages]]. ==Geographic distribution== Tshiluba is spoken by about 6.3 million people in the [[Kasaï Occidental]] and [[Kasaï Oriental]] provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. <!-- ===Official status=== List which countries have this language as an official language or other special status. --> ===Dialects=== There are significant dialect differences between the [[East Kasai Region]] ([[Baluba]] people) and the [[West Kasai Region]] ([[Bena Lulua]] people). <!-- ===Derived languages=== Creoles and other languages that are derived from this language. ==Sounds== Description of the sound set of the language. Can include phoneme charts and example words for each phoneme like in [[French language]]. If there is significant discussion here, it is probably best to divide the section into vowels and consonants subsections. ===Vowels=== Vowel chart and discussion of vowels. ===Consonants=== Consonant chart and discussion of consonants. ===Phonology=== Discussion of some major phonological processes, such as important [[allophone]]s or assimilation rules. ===Historical sound changes=== Description of important sound changes in the history of the language. (Maybe this should go under history?) ==Grammar== Description of the grammar of the language. --> ==Vocabulary== The [[Bantu]] word identified in [[June 2004]] by Today's Translations, a [[Britain|British]] translation company, as the most [[ilunga|untranslatable]] in the world: ''[[ilunga]]'', in the Tshiluba tongue, means "a person ready to forgive any abuse the first time, to tolerate it a second time, but never a third time". However, it is more likely to be a [[personal name]] rather than a difficult word. <!-- ==Writing system== Brief description of the [[writing system]](s) used to write the language. Writing systems have their own page, so what's written here should just be a brief discussion of how this language makes any special use of the writing system and a link to all the writing systems used to write the language. ==Examples== Some short examples of the language in the writing system(s) used to write the language. You might also include sound samples of the language being spoken. --> ==Sources== *MacIntyre, Ben. ''Why do Koreans say 'a biscuit would be nice' instead of 'I want a biscuit'?'', The Times, [[August 21]], [[2004]]. == Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia == * {{fr}} [http://cric.populus.org/ Centre de Recherche pour l'Instrumentalisation du Ciluba] * {{en}} [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=LUB Ethnologue report on Tshiluba] * {{en}} [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3830521.stm BBC News: Congo word "most untranslatable"] {{nk-ndámbo-lokótá}} [[Category:Nkotá ya Babantu]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: [[:en:Lingala language|Lingala language]] (lingɛlɛsi) mpé [[:fr:Lingala|Lingala]] (lifalansé) ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[fr:tchiluba]] [[en:tshiluba]] 7712 2006-02-15T22:55:24Z 145.120.1.215 {{lingála tɛ́}} {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300" ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange" style="font-size:120%"|Ciluba |- | valign="top"|Spoken in: |[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Republiki ya Kongo Demokratiki]] |- | valign="top"|Region: |[[Kasaï-Occidental]], [[Kasaï-Oriental]] |- | valign="top"|Total speakers: |6.3 million ([[1991]]) |- | valign="top"|[[List of languages by total speakers|Ranking]]: |See [http://www.davidpbrown.co.uk/help/top-100-languages-by-population.html] ''Not in top 100'' |- | valign="top"|[[Language families and languages|Genetic]]<br>[[Language families and languages|classification]]: |[[Niger-Congo]] &nbsp;[[Atlantic-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Volta-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Benue-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Bantoid]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Narrow Bantu]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Ciluba''' |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange"|Official status |- | valign="top"|[[Lokóta ya Leta]]: | valign="top"|- |- | valign="top"|[[Nkótá ya Ekólo]]: | valign="top"|[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Republiki ya Kongo Demokratiki]] |- | valign="top"|Regulated by: | valign="top"|- |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange"|Language codes |- |[[ISO 639]]-1||- |- |ISO 639-2||lua |- |[[SIL]]||LUB |- !colspan="2" bgcolor="orange" | Carte |- |colspan="2" align="center" | <center>[[image:Map_-_DR_Congo%2C_major_languages.svg|299px|Karte von {{{NAME_ORT}}}]]</center> |} <!-- ==History== Probable history of the language. What language(s) it is derived from. Dates of movement of major groups of speakers, etc. --> ==Classification== Tshiluba belongs to the [[Bantu]] branch of the [[Niger-Congo languages]]. ==Geographic distribution== Tshiluba is spoken by about 6.3 million people in the [[Kasaï Occidental]] and [[Kasaï Oriental]] provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. <!-- ===Official status=== List which countries have this language as an official language or other special status. --> ===Dialects=== There are significant dialect differences between the [[East Kasai Region]] ([[Baluba]] people) and the [[West Kasai Region]] ([[Bena Lulua]] people). <!-- ===Derived languages=== Creoles and other languages that are derived from this language. ==Sounds== Description of the sound set of the language. Can include phoneme charts and example words for each phoneme like in [[French language]]. If there is significant discussion here, it is probably best to divide the section into vowels and consonants subsections. ===Vowels=== Vowel chart and discussion of vowels. ===Consonants=== Consonant chart and discussion of consonants. ===Phonology=== Discussion of some major phonological processes, such as important [[allophone]]s or assimilation rules. ===Historical sound changes=== Description of important sound changes in the history of the language. (Maybe this should go under history?) ==Grammar== Description of the grammar of the language. --> ==Vocabulary== The [[Bantu]] word identified in [[June 2004]] by Today's Translations, a [[Britain|British]] translation company, as the most [[ilunga|untranslatable]] in the world: ''[[ilunga]]'', in the Tshiluba tongue, means "a person ready to forgive any abuse the first time, to tolerate it a second time, but never a third time". However, it is more likely to be a [[personal name]] rather than a difficult word. <!-- ==Writing system== Brief description of the [[writing system]](s) used to write the language. Writing systems have their own page, so what's written here should just be a brief discussion of how this language makes any special use of the writing system and a link to all the writing systems used to write the language. ==Examples== Some short examples of the language in the writing system(s) used to write the language. You might also include sound samples of the language being spoken. --> ==Sources== *MacIntyre, Ben. ''Why do Koreans say 'a biscuit would be nice' instead of 'I want a biscuit'?'', The Times, [[August 21]], [[2004]]. == Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia == * {{fr}} [http://cric.populus.org/ Centre de Recherche pour l'Instrumentalisation du Ciluba] * {{en}} [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=LUB Ethnologue report on Tshiluba] * {{en}} [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3830521.stm BBC News: Congo word "most untranslatable"] {{nk-ndámbo-lokótá}} [[Category:Nkotá ya Babantu]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: [[:en:Lingala language|Lingala language]] (lingɛlɛsi) mpé [[:fr:Lingala|Lingala]] (lifalansé) ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[fr:tchiluba]] [[en:tshiluba]] 7715 2006-02-17T13:05:57Z 195.176.242.227 {{lingála tɛ́}} {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300" ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange" style="font-size:120%"|Ciluba |- | valign="top"|Spoken in: |[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Republiki ya Kongo Demokratiki]] |- | valign="top"|Region: |[[Kasaï-Occidental]], [[Kasaï-Oriental]] |- | valign="top"|Total speakers: |6.3 million ([[1991]]) |- | valign="top"|[[List of languages by total speakers|Ranking]]: |See [http://www.davidpbrown.co.uk/help/top-100-languages-by-population.html] ''Not in top 100'' |- | valign="top"|[[Language families and languages|Genetic]]<br>[[Language families and languages|classification]]: |[[Niger-Congo]] &nbsp;[[Atlantic-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Volta-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Benue-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Bantoid]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Narrow Bantu]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Ciluba''' |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange"|Official status |- | valign="top"|[[Lokóta ya Leta]]: | valign="top"|- |- | valign="top"|[[Nkótá ya Ekólo]]: | valign="top"|[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Republiki ya Kongo Demokratiki]] |- | valign="top"|Regulated by: | valign="top"|- |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange"|Language codes |- |[[ISO 639]]-1||- |- |ISO 639-2||lua |- |[[SIL]]||LUB |- !colspan="2" bgcolor="orange" | Carte |- |colspan="2" align="center" | <center>[[image:Map_-_DR_Congo%2C_major_languages.svg|299px|Karte von {{{NAME_ORT}}}]]</center> |} Ciluba ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kasaï]] na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-demokratiki]]. <!-- ==History== Probable history of the language. What language(s) it is derived from. Dates of movement of major groups of speakers, etc. --> ==Classification== Tshiluba belongs to the [[Bantu]] branch of the [[Niger-Congo languages]]. ==Geographic distribution== Tshiluba is spoken by about 6.3 million people in the [[Kasaï Occidental]] and [[Kasaï Oriental]] provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. <!-- ===Official status=== List which countries have this language as an official language or other special status. --> ===Dialects=== There are significant dialect differences between the [[East Kasai Region]] ([[Baluba]] people) and the [[West Kasai Region]] ([[Bena Lulua]] people). <!-- ===Derived languages=== Creoles and other languages that are derived from this language. ==Sounds== Description of the sound set of the language. Can include phoneme charts and example words for each phoneme like in [[French language]]. If there is significant discussion here, it is probably best to divide the section into vowels and consonants subsections. ===Vowels=== Vowel chart and discussion of vowels. ===Consonants=== Consonant chart and discussion of consonants. ===Phonology=== Discussion of some major phonological processes, such as important [[allophone]]s or assimilation rules. ===Historical sound changes=== Description of important sound changes in the history of the language. (Maybe this should go under history?) ==Grammar== Description of the grammar of the language. --> ==Vocabulary== The [[Bantu]] word identified in [[June 2004]] by Today's Translations, a [[Britain|British]] translation company, as the most [[ilunga|untranslatable]] in the world: ''[[ilunga]]'', in the Tshiluba tongue, means "a person ready to forgive any abuse the first time, to tolerate it a second time, but never a third time". However, it is more likely to be a [[personal name]] rather than a difficult word. <!-- ==Writing system== Brief description of the [[writing system]](s) used to write the language. Writing systems have their own page, so what's written here should just be a brief discussion of how this language makes any special use of the writing system and a link to all the writing systems used to write the language. ==Examples== Some short examples of the language in the writing system(s) used to write the language. You might also include sound samples of the language being spoken. --> ==Sources== *MacIntyre, Ben. ''Why do Koreans say 'a biscuit would be nice' instead of 'I want a biscuit'?'', The Times, [[August 21]], [[2004]]. == Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia == * {{fr}} [http://cric.populus.org/ Centre de Recherche pour l'Instrumentalisation du Ciluba] * {{en}} [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=LUB Ethnologue report on Tshiluba] * {{en}} [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3830521.stm BBC News: Congo word "most untranslatable"] {{nk-ndámbo-lokótá}} [[Category:Nkotá ya Babantu]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: [[:en:Lingala language|Lingala language]] (lingɛlɛsi) mpé [[:fr:Lingala|Lingala]] (lifalansé) ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[fr:tchiluba]] [[en:tshiluba]] 7733 2006-02-25T14:50:23Z 61.85.58.17 {{lingála tɛ́}} {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300" ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange" style="font-size:120%"|Ciluba |- | valign="top"|Spoken in: |[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Republiki ya Kongo Demokratiki]] |- | valign="top"|Region: |[[Kasaï-Occidental]], [[Kasaï-Oriental]] |- | valign="top"|Total speakers: |6.3 million ([[1991]]) |- | valign="top"|[[List of languages by total speakers|Ranking]]: |See [http://www.davidpbrown.co.uk/help/top-100-languages-by-population.html] ''Not in top 100'' |- | valign="top"|[[Language families and languages|Genetic]]<br>[[Language families and languages|classification]]: |[[Niger-Congo]] &nbsp;[[Atlantic-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Volta-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Benue-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Bantoid]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Narrow Bantu]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Ciluba''' |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange"|Official status |- | valign="top"|[[Lokóta ya Leta]]: | valign="top"|- |- | valign="top"|[[Nkótá ya Ekólo]]: | valign="top"|[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Republiki ya Kongo Demokratiki]] |- | valign="top"|Regulated by: | valign="top"|- |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange"|Language codes |- |[[ISO 639]]-1||- |- |ISO 639-2||lua |- |[[SIL]]||LUB |- !colspan="2" bgcolor="orange" | Carte |- |colspan="2" align="center" | <center>[[image:Map_-_DR_Congo%2C_major_languages.svg|299px|Karte von {{{NAME_ORT}}}]]</center> |} Ciluba ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kasaï]] na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-demokratiki]]. <!-- ==History== Probable history of the language. What language(s) it is derived from. Dates of movement of major groups of speakers, etc. --> ==Classification== Tshiluba belongs to the [[Bantu]] branch of the [[Niger-Congo languages]]. ==Geographic distribution== Tshiluba is spoken by about 6.3 million people in the [[Kasaï Occidental]] and [[Kasaï Oriental]] provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. <!-- ===Official status=== List which countries have this language as an official language or other special status. --> ===Dialects=== There are significant dialect differences between the [[East Kasai Region]] ([[Baluba]] people) and the [[West Kasai Region]] ([[Bena Lulua]] people). <!-- ===Derived languages=== Creoles and other languages that are derived from this language. ==Sounds== Description of the sound set of the language. Can include phoneme charts and example words for each phoneme like in [[French language]]. If there is significant discussion here, it is probably best to divide the section into vowels and consonants subsections. ===Vowels=== Vowel chart and discussion of vowels. ===Consonants=== Consonant chart and discussion of consonants. ===Phonology=== Discussion of some major phonological processes, such as important [[allophone]]s or assimilation rules. ===Historical sound changes=== Description of important sound changes in the history of the language. (Maybe this should go under history?) ==Grammar== Description of the grammar of the language. --> ==Vocabulary== The [[Bantu]] word identified in [[June 2004]] by Today's Translations, a [[Britain|British]] translation company, as the most [[ilunga|untranslatable]] in the world: ''[[ilunga]]'', in the Tshiluba tongue, means "a person ready to forgive any abuse the first time, to tolerate it a second time, but never a third time". However, it is more likely to be a [[personal name]] rather than a difficult word. <!-- ==Writing system== Brief description of the [[writing system]](s) used to write the language. Writing systems have their own page, so what's written here should just be a brief discussion of how this language makes any special use of the writing system and a link to all the writing systems used to write the language. ==Examples== Some short examples of the language in the writing system(s) used to write the language. You might also include sound samples of the language being spoken. --> ==Sources== *MacIntyre, Ben. ''Why do Koreans say 'a biscuit would be nice' instead of 'I want a biscuit'?'', The Times, [[August 21]], [[2004]]. == Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia == * {{fr}} [http://cric.populus.org/ Centre de Recherche pour l'Instrumentalisation du Ciluba] * {{en}} [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=LUB Ethnologue report on Tshiluba] * {{en}} [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3830521.stm BBC News: Congo word "most untranslatable"] {{nk-ndámbo-lokótá}} [[Category:Nkotá ya Babantu]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: [[:en:Lingala language|Lingala language]] (lingɛlɛsi) mpé [[:fr:Lingala|Lingala]] (lifalansé) ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[fr:tchiluba]] [[en:tshiluba]] [[es:Tshiluba]] [[ko:루바어]] 7863 2006-03-27T03:10:08Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: fi Modifie: en, es {{lingála tɛ́}} {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300" ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange" style="font-size:120%"|Ciluba |- | valign="top"|Spoken in: |[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Republiki ya Kongo Demokratiki]] |- | valign="top"|Region: |[[Kasaï-Occidental]], [[Kasaï-Oriental]] |- | valign="top"|Total speakers: |6.3 million ([[1991]]) |- | valign="top"|[[List of languages by total speakers|Ranking]]: |See [http://www.davidpbrown.co.uk/help/top-100-languages-by-population.html] ''Not in top 100'' |- | valign="top"|[[Language families and languages|Genetic]]<br>[[Language families and languages|classification]]: |[[Niger-Congo]] &nbsp;[[Atlantic-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Volta-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Benue-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Bantoid]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Narrow Bantu]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Ciluba''' |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange"|Official status |- | valign="top"|[[Lokóta ya Leta]]: | valign="top"|- |- | valign="top"|[[Nkótá ya Ekólo]]: | valign="top"|[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Republiki ya Kongo Demokratiki]] |- | valign="top"|Regulated by: | valign="top"|- |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange"|Language codes |- |[[ISO 639]]-1||- |- |ISO 639-2||lua |- |[[SIL]]||LUB |- !colspan="2" bgcolor="orange" | Carte |- |colspan="2" align="center" | <center>[[image:Map_-_DR_Congo%2C_major_languages.svg|299px|Karte von {{{NAME_ORT}}}]]</center> |} Ciluba ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kasaï]] na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-demokratiki]]. <!-- ==History== Probable history of the language. What language(s) it is derived from. Dates of movement of major groups of speakers, etc. --> ==Classification== Tshiluba belongs to the [[Bantu]] branch of the [[Niger-Congo languages]]. ==Geographic distribution== Tshiluba is spoken by about 6.3 million people in the [[Kasaï Occidental]] and [[Kasaï Oriental]] provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. <!-- ===Official status=== List which countries have this language as an official language or other special status. --> ===Dialects=== There are significant dialect differences between the [[East Kasai Region]] ([[Baluba]] people) and the [[West Kasai Region]] ([[Bena Lulua]] people). <!-- ===Derived languages=== Creoles and other languages that are derived from this language. ==Sounds== Description of the sound set of the language. Can include phoneme charts and example words for each phoneme like in [[French language]]. If there is significant discussion here, it is probably best to divide the section into vowels and consonants subsections. ===Vowels=== Vowel chart and discussion of vowels. ===Consonants=== Consonant chart and discussion of consonants. ===Phonology=== Discussion of some major phonological processes, such as important [[allophone]]s or assimilation rules. ===Historical sound changes=== Description of important sound changes in the history of the language. (Maybe this should go under history?) ==Grammar== Description of the grammar of the language. --> ==Vocabulary== The [[Bantu]] word identified in [[June 2004]] by Today's Translations, a [[Britain|British]] translation company, as the most [[ilunga|untranslatable]] in the world: ''[[ilunga]]'', in the Tshiluba tongue, means "a person ready to forgive any abuse the first time, to tolerate it a second time, but never a third time". However, it is more likely to be a [[personal name]] rather than a difficult word. <!-- ==Writing system== Brief description of the [[writing system]](s) used to write the language. Writing systems have their own page, so what's written here should just be a brief discussion of how this language makes any special use of the writing system and a link to all the writing systems used to write the language. ==Examples== Some short examples of the language in the writing system(s) used to write the language. You might also include sound samples of the language being spoken. --> ==Sources== *MacIntyre, Ben. ''Why do Koreans say 'a biscuit would be nice' instead of 'I want a biscuit'?'', The Times, [[August 21]], [[2004]]. == Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia == * {{fr}} [http://cric.populus.org/ Centre de Recherche pour l'Instrumentalisation du Ciluba] * {{en}} [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=LUB Ethnologue report on Tshiluba] * {{en}} [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3830521.stm BBC News: Congo word "most untranslatable"] {{nk-ndámbo-lokótá}} [[Category:Nkotá ya Babantu]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: [[:en:Lingala language|Lingala language]] (lingɛlɛsi) mpé [[:fr:Lingala|Lingala]] (lifalansé) ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[en:Tshiluba language]] [[es:Idioma tshiluba]] [[fi:Luban kieli]] [[fr:Tchiluba]] [[ko:루바어]] 8077 2006-04-26T12:21:13Z Bombo 12 Luba-Kasai and Luba-Lulua {{lingála tɛ́}} {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300" ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange" style="font-size:120%"|Ciluba |- | valign="top"|Spoken in: |[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Republiki ya Kongo Demokratiki]] |- | valign="top"|Region: |[[Kasaï-Occidental]], [[Kasaï-Oriental]] |- | valign="top"|Total speakers: |6.3 million ([[1991]]) |- | valign="top"|[[List of languages by total speakers|Ranking]]: |See [http://www.davidpbrown.co.uk/help/top-100-languages-by-population.html] ''Not in top 100'' |- | valign="top"|[[Language families and languages|Genetic]]<br>[[Language families and languages|classification]]: |[[Niger-Congo]] &nbsp;[[Atlantic-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Volta-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Benue-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Bantoid]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Narrow Bantu]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Ciluba''' |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange"|Official status |- | valign="top"|[[Lokóta ya Leta]]: | valign="top"|- |- | valign="top"|[[Nkótá ya Ekólo]]: | valign="top"|[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Republiki ya Kongo Demokratiki]] |- | valign="top"|Regulated by: | valign="top"|- |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange"|Language codes |- |[[ISO 639]]-1||- |- |ISO 639-2||lua |- |[[SIL]]||LUB |- !colspan="2" bgcolor="orange" | Carte |- |colspan="2" align="center" | <center>[[image:Map_-_DR_Congo%2C_major_languages.svg|299px|Karte von {{{NAME_ORT}}}]]</center> |} '''Ciluba''' (mpé '''Luba-Kasai''' mpé '''Luba-Lulua''') ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kasaï]] na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-demokratiki]]. <!-- ==History== Probable history of the language. What language(s) it is derived from. Dates of movement of major groups of speakers, etc. --> ==Classification== Tshiluba belongs to the [[Bantu]] branch of the [[Niger-Congo languages]]. ==Geographic distribution== Tshiluba is spoken by about 6.3 million people in the [[Kasaï Occidental]] and [[Kasaï Oriental]] provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. <!-- ===Official status=== List which countries have this language as an official language or other special status. --> ===Dialects=== There are significant dialect differences between the [[East Kasai Region]] ([[Baluba]] people) and the [[West Kasai Region]] ([[Bena Lulua]] people). <!-- ===Derived languages=== Creoles and other languages that are derived from this language. ==Sounds== Description of the sound set of the language. Can include phoneme charts and example words for each phoneme like in [[French language]]. If there is significant discussion here, it is probably best to divide the section into vowels and consonants subsections. ===Vowels=== Vowel chart and discussion of vowels. ===Consonants=== Consonant chart and discussion of consonants. ===Phonology=== Discussion of some major phonological processes, such as important [[allophone]]s or assimilation rules. ===Historical sound changes=== Description of important sound changes in the history of the language. (Maybe this should go under history?) ==Grammar== Description of the grammar of the language. --> ==Vocabulary== The [[Bantu]] word identified in [[June 2004]] by Today's Translations, a [[Britain|British]] translation company, as the most [[ilunga|untranslatable]] in the world: ''[[ilunga]]'', in the Tshiluba tongue, means "a person ready to forgive any abuse the first time, to tolerate it a second time, but never a third time". However, it is more likely to be a [[personal name]] rather than a difficult word. <!-- ==Writing system== Brief description of the [[writing system]](s) used to write the language. Writing systems have their own page, so what's written here should just be a brief discussion of how this language makes any special use of the writing system and a link to all the writing systems used to write the language. ==Examples== Some short examples of the language in the writing system(s) used to write the language. You might also include sound samples of the language being spoken. --> ==Sources== *MacIntyre, Ben. ''Why do Koreans say 'a biscuit would be nice' instead of 'I want a biscuit'?'', The Times, [[August 21]], [[2004]]. == Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia == * {{fr}} [http://cric.populus.org/ Centre de Recherche pour l'Instrumentalisation du Ciluba] * {{en}} [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=LUB Ethnologue report on Tshiluba] * {{en}} [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3830521.stm BBC News: Congo word "most untranslatable"] {{nk-ndámbo-lokótá}} [[Category:Nkotá ya Babantu]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: [[:en:Lingala language|Lingala language]] (lingɛlɛsi) mpé [[:fr:Lingala|Lingala]] (lifalansé) ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[en:Tshiluba language]] [[es:Idioma tshiluba]] [[fi:Luban kieli]] [[fr:Tchiluba]] [[ko:루바어]] 8085 2006-05-01T19:11:22Z Bombo 12 kg {{lingála tɛ́}} {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300" ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange" style="font-size:120%"|Ciluba |- | valign="top"|Spoken in: |[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Republiki ya Kongo Demokratiki]] |- | valign="top"|Region: |[[Kasaï-Occidental]], [[Kasaï-Oriental]] |- | valign="top"|Total speakers: |6.3 million ([[1991]]) |- | valign="top"|[[List of languages by total speakers|Ranking]]: |See [http://www.davidpbrown.co.uk/help/top-100-languages-by-population.html] ''Not in top 100'' |- | valign="top"|[[Language families and languages|Genetic]]<br>[[Language families and languages|classification]]: |[[Niger-Congo]] &nbsp;[[Atlantic-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Volta-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Benue-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Bantoid]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Narrow Bantu]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Ciluba''' |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange"|Official status |- | valign="top"|[[Lokóta ya Leta]]: | valign="top"|- |- | valign="top"|[[Nkótá ya Ekólo]]: | valign="top"|[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Republiki ya Kongo Demokratiki]] |- | valign="top"|Regulated by: | valign="top"|- |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange"|Language codes |- |[[ISO 639]]-1||- |- |ISO 639-2||lua |- |[[SIL]]||LUB |- !colspan="2" bgcolor="orange" | Carte |- |colspan="2" align="center" | <center>[[image:Map_-_DR_Congo%2C_major_languages.svg|299px|Karte von {{{NAME_ORT}}}]]</center> |} '''Ciluba''' (mpé '''Luba-Kasai''' mpé '''Luba-Lulua''') ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kasaï]] na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-demokratiki]]. <!-- ==History== Probable history of the language. What language(s) it is derived from. Dates of movement of major groups of speakers, etc. --> ==Classification== Tshiluba belongs to the [[Bantu]] branch of the [[Niger-Congo languages]]. ==Geographic distribution== Tshiluba is spoken by about 6.3 million people in the [[Kasaï Occidental]] and [[Kasaï Oriental]] provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. <!-- ===Official status=== List which countries have this language as an official language or other special status. --> ===Dialects=== There are significant dialect differences between the [[East Kasai Region]] ([[Baluba]] people) and the [[West Kasai Region]] ([[Bena Lulua]] people). <!-- ===Derived languages=== Creoles and other languages that are derived from this language. ==Sounds== Description of the sound set of the language. Can include phoneme charts and example words for each phoneme like in [[French language]]. If there is significant discussion here, it is probably best to divide the section into vowels and consonants subsections. ===Vowels=== Vowel chart and discussion of vowels. ===Consonants=== Consonant chart and discussion of consonants. ===Phonology=== Discussion of some major phonological processes, such as important [[allophone]]s or assimilation rules. ===Historical sound changes=== Description of important sound changes in the history of the language. (Maybe this should go under history?) ==Grammar== Description of the grammar of the language. --> ==Vocabulary== The [[Bantu]] word identified in [[June 2004]] by Today's Translations, a [[Britain|British]] translation company, as the most [[ilunga|untranslatable]] in the world: ''[[ilunga]]'', in the Tshiluba tongue, means "a person ready to forgive any abuse the first time, to tolerate it a second time, but never a third time". However, it is more likely to be a [[personal name]] rather than a difficult word. <!-- ==Writing system== Brief description of the [[writing system]](s) used to write the language. Writing systems have their own page, so what's written here should just be a brief discussion of how this language makes any special use of the writing system and a link to all the writing systems used to write the language. ==Examples== Some short examples of the language in the writing system(s) used to write the language. You might also include sound samples of the language being spoken. --> ==Sources== *MacIntyre, Ben. ''Why do Koreans say 'a biscuit would be nice' instead of 'I want a biscuit'?'', The Times, [[August 21]], [[2004]]. == Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia == * {{fr}} [http://cric.populus.org/ Centre de Recherche pour l'Instrumentalisation du Ciluba] * {{en}} [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=LUB Ethnologue report on Tshiluba] * {{en}} [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3830521.stm BBC News: Congo word "most untranslatable"] {{nk-ndámbo-lokótá}} [[Category:Nkotá ya Babantu]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: [[:en:Lingala language|Lingala language]] (lingɛlɛsi) mpé [[:fr:Lingala|Lingala]] (lifalansé) ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[en:Tshiluba language]] [[es:Idioma tshiluba]] [[fi:Luban kieli]] [[fr:Tchiluba]] [[kg:Kituba]] [[ko:루바어]] 8086 2006-05-01T19:14:06Z Bombo 12 Reverted edit of Bombo, changed back to last version by Superzerocool {{lingála tɛ́}} {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300" ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange" style="font-size:120%"|Ciluba |- | valign="top"|Spoken in: |[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Republiki ya Kongo Demokratiki]] |- | valign="top"|Region: |[[Kasaï-Occidental]], [[Kasaï-Oriental]] |- | valign="top"|Total speakers: |6.3 million ([[1991]]) |- | valign="top"|[[List of languages by total speakers|Ranking]]: |See [http://www.davidpbrown.co.uk/help/top-100-languages-by-population.html] ''Not in top 100'' |- | valign="top"|[[Language families and languages|Genetic]]<br>[[Language families and languages|classification]]: |[[Niger-Congo]] &nbsp;[[Atlantic-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Volta-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Benue-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Bantoid]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Narrow Bantu]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Ciluba''' |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange"|Official status |- | valign="top"|[[Lokóta ya Leta]]: | valign="top"|- |- | valign="top"|[[Nkótá ya Ekólo]]: | valign="top"|[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Republiki ya Kongo Demokratiki]] |- | valign="top"|Regulated by: | valign="top"|- |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange"|Language codes |- |[[ISO 639]]-1||- |- |ISO 639-2||lua |- |[[SIL]]||LUB |- !colspan="2" bgcolor="orange" | Carte |- |colspan="2" align="center" | <center>[[image:Map_-_DR_Congo%2C_major_languages.svg|299px|Karte von {{{NAME_ORT}}}]]</center> |} Ciluba ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kasaï]] na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-demokratiki]]. <!-- ==History== Probable history of the language. What language(s) it is derived from. Dates of movement of major groups of speakers, etc. --> ==Classification== Tshiluba belongs to the [[Bantu]] branch of the [[Niger-Congo languages]]. ==Geographic distribution== Tshiluba is spoken by about 6.3 million people in the [[Kasaï Occidental]] and [[Kasaï Oriental]] provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. <!-- ===Official status=== List which countries have this language as an official language or other special status. --> ===Dialects=== There are significant dialect differences between the [[East Kasai Region]] ([[Baluba]] people) and the [[West Kasai Region]] ([[Bena Lulua]] people). <!-- ===Derived languages=== Creoles and other languages that are derived from this language. ==Sounds== Description of the sound set of the language. Can include phoneme charts and example words for each phoneme like in [[French language]]. If there is significant discussion here, it is probably best to divide the section into vowels and consonants subsections. ===Vowels=== Vowel chart and discussion of vowels. ===Consonants=== Consonant chart and discussion of consonants. ===Phonology=== Discussion of some major phonological processes, such as important [[allophone]]s or assimilation rules. ===Historical sound changes=== Description of important sound changes in the history of the language. (Maybe this should go under history?) ==Grammar== Description of the grammar of the language. --> ==Vocabulary== The [[Bantu]] word identified in [[June 2004]] by Today's Translations, a [[Britain|British]] translation company, as the most [[ilunga|untranslatable]] in the world: ''[[ilunga]]'', in the Tshiluba tongue, means "a person ready to forgive any abuse the first time, to tolerate it a second time, but never a third time". However, it is more likely to be a [[personal name]] rather than a difficult word. <!-- ==Writing system== Brief description of the [[writing system]](s) used to write the language. Writing systems have their own page, so what's written here should just be a brief discussion of how this language makes any special use of the writing system and a link to all the writing systems used to write the language. ==Examples== Some short examples of the language in the writing system(s) used to write the language. You might also include sound samples of the language being spoken. --> ==Sources== *MacIntyre, Ben. ''Why do Koreans say 'a biscuit would be nice' instead of 'I want a biscuit'?'', The Times, [[August 21]], [[2004]]. == Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia == * {{fr}} [http://cric.populus.org/ Centre de Recherche pour l'Instrumentalisation du Ciluba] * {{en}} [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=LUB Ethnologue report on Tshiluba] * {{en}} [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3830521.stm BBC News: Congo word "most untranslatable"] {{nk-ndámbo-lokótá}} [[Category:Nkotá ya Babantu]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: [[:en:Lingala language|Lingala language]] (lingɛlɛsi) mpé [[:fr:Lingala|Lingala]] (lifalansé) ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[en:Tshiluba language]] [[es:Idioma tshiluba]] [[fi:Luban kieli]] [[fr:Tchiluba]] [[ko:루바어]] 8883 2006-07-13T13:21:14Z Moyogo 11 {{lingála tɛ́}} {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300" ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange" style="font-size:120%"|Ciluba |- | valign="top"|Spoken in: |[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Republiki ya Kongo Demokratiki]] |- | valign="top"|Region: |[[Kasaï-Occidental]], [[Kasaï-Oriental]] |- | valign="top"|Total speakers: |6.3 million ([[1991]]) |- | valign="top"|[[List of languages by total speakers|Ranking]]: |See [http://www.davidpbrown.co.uk/help/top-100-languages-by-population.html] ''Not in top 100'' |- | valign="top"|[[Language families and languages|Genetic]]<br>[[Language families and languages|classification]]: |[[Niger-Congo]] &nbsp;[[Atlantic-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Volta-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Benue-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Bantoid]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Narrow Bantu]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Ciluba''' |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange"|Official status |- | valign="top"|[[Lokóta ya Leta]]: | valign="top"|- |- | valign="top"|[[Nkótá ya Ekólo]]: | valign="top"|[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Republiki ya Kongo Demokratiki]] |- | valign="top"|Regulated by: | valign="top"|- |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange"|Language codes |- |[[ISO 639]]-1||- |- |ISO 639-2||lua |- |[[SIL]]||LUB |- !colspan="2" bgcolor="orange" | Carte |- |colspan="2" align="center" | <center>[[image:Map_-_DR_Congo%2C_major_languages.svg|299px|Karte von {{{NAME_ORT}}}]]</center> |} Ciluba ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kasaï]] na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-demokratiki]]. <!-- ==History== Probable history of the language. What language(s) it is derived from. Dates of movement of major groups of speakers, etc. --> ==Classification== Tshiluba belongs to the [[Bantu]] branch of the [[Niger-Congo languages]]. ==Geographic distribution== Tshiluba is spoken by about 6.3 million people in the [[Kasaï Occidental]] and [[Kasaï Oriental]] provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. <!-- ===Official status=== List which countries have this language as an official language or other special status. --> ===Dialects=== There are significant dialect differences between the [[East Kasai Region]] ([[Baluba]] people) and the [[West Kasai Region]] ([[Bena Lulua]] people). <!-- ===Derived languages=== Creoles and other languages that are derived from this language. ==Sounds== Description of the sound set of the language. Can include phoneme charts and example words for each phoneme like in [[French language]]. If there is significant discussion here, it is probably best to divide the section into vowels and consonants subsections. ===Vowels=== Vowel chart and discussion of vowels. ===Consonants=== Consonant chart and discussion of consonants. ===Phonology=== Discussion of some major phonological processes, such as important [[allophone]]s or assimilation rules. ===Historical sound changes=== Description of important sound changes in the history of the language. (Maybe this should go under history?) ==Grammar== Description of the grammar of the language. --> ==Vocabulary== The [[Bantu]] word identified in [[June 2004]] by Today's Translations, a [[Britain|British]] translation company, as the most [[ilunga|untranslatable]] in the world: ''[[ilunga]]'', in the Tshiluba tongue, means "a person ready to forgive any abuse the first time, to tolerate it a second time, but never a third time". However, it is more likely to be a [[personal name]] rather than a difficult word. <!-- ==Writing system== Brief description of the [[writing system]](s) used to write the language. Writing systems have their own page, so what's written here should just be a brief discussion of how this language makes any special use of the writing system and a link to all the writing systems used to write the language. ==Examples== Some short examples of the language in the writing system(s) used to write the language. You might also include sound samples of the language being spoken. --> ==Sources== *MacIntyre, Ben. ''Why do Koreans say 'a biscuit would be nice' instead of 'I want a biscuit'?'', The Times, [[August 21]], [[2004]]. == Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia == * {{fr}} [http://cric.populus.org/ Centre de Recherche pour l'Instrumentalisation du Ciluba] * {{en}} [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=LUB Ethnologue report on Tshiluba] * {{en}} [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3830521.stm BBC News: Congo word "most untranslatable"] {{nk-ndámbo-lokótá}} [[Category:Nkotá ya Babantu]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: [[:en:Lingala language|Lingala language]] (lingɛlɛsi) mpé [[:fr:Lingala|Lingala]] (lifalansé) ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[en:Tshiluba language]] [[es:Idioma tshiluba]] [[fi:Luban kieli]] [[fr:Tchiluba]] [[ko:루바어]] 8977 2006-08-01T02:16:33Z 198.54.202.82 /* Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia */ {{lingála tɛ́}} {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300" ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange" style="font-size:120%"|Ciluba |- | valign="top"|Spoken in: |[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Republiki ya Kongo Demokratiki]] |- | valign="top"|Region: |[[Kasaï-Occidental]], [[Kasaï-Oriental]] |- | valign="top"|Total speakers: |6.3 million ([[1991]]) |- | valign="top"|[[List of languages by total speakers|Ranking]]: |See [http://www.davidpbrown.co.uk/help/top-100-languages-by-population.html] ''Not in top 100'' |- | valign="top"|[[Language families and languages|Genetic]]<br>[[Language families and languages|classification]]: |[[Niger-Congo]] &nbsp;[[Atlantic-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Volta-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Benue-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Bantoid]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Narrow Bantu]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Ciluba''' |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange"|Official status |- | valign="top"|[[Lokóta ya Leta]]: | valign="top"|- |- | valign="top"|[[Nkótá ya Ekólo]]: | valign="top"|[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Republiki ya Kongo Demokratiki]] |- | valign="top"|Regulated by: | valign="top"|- |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange"|Language codes |- |[[ISO 639]]-1||- |- |ISO 639-2||lua |- |[[SIL]]||LUB |- !colspan="2" bgcolor="orange" | Carte |- |colspan="2" align="center" | <center>[[image:Map_-_DR_Congo%2C_major_languages.svg|299px|Karte von {{{NAME_ORT}}}]]</center> |} Ciluba ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kasaï]] na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-demokratiki]]. <!-- ==History== Probable history of the language. What language(s) it is derived from. Dates of movement of major groups of speakers, etc. --> ==Classification== Tshiluba belongs to the [[Bantu]] branch of the [[Niger-Congo languages]]. ==Geographic distribution== Tshiluba is spoken by about 6.3 million people in the [[Kasaï Occidental]] and [[Kasaï Oriental]] provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. <!-- ===Official status=== List which countries have this language as an official language or other special status. --> ===Dialects=== There are significant dialect differences between the [[East Kasai Region]] ([[Baluba]] people) and the [[West Kasai Region]] ([[Bena Lulua]] people). <!-- ===Derived languages=== Creoles and other languages that are derived from this language. ==Sounds== Description of the sound set of the language. Can include phoneme charts and example words for each phoneme like in [[French language]]. If there is significant discussion here, it is probably best to divide the section into vowels and consonants subsections. ===Vowels=== Vowel chart and discussion of vowels. ===Consonants=== Consonant chart and discussion of consonants. ===Phonology=== Discussion of some major phonological processes, such as important [[allophone]]s or assimilation rules. ===Historical sound changes=== Description of important sound changes in the history of the language. (Maybe this should go under history?) ==Grammar== Description of the grammar of the language. --> ==Vocabulary== The [[Bantu]] word identified in [[June 2004]] by Today's Translations, a [[Britain|British]] translation company, as the most [[ilunga|untranslatable]] in the world: ''[[ilunga]]'', in the Tshiluba tongue, means "a person ready to forgive any abuse the first time, to tolerate it a second time, but never a third time". However, it is more likely to be a [[personal name]] rather than a difficult word. <!-- ==Writing system== Brief description of the [[writing system]](s) used to write the language. Writing systems have their own page, so what's written here should just be a brief discussion of how this language makes any special use of the writing system and a link to all the writing systems used to write the language. ==Examples== Some short examples of the language in the writing system(s) used to write the language. You might also include sound samples of the language being spoken. --> ==Sources== *MacIntyre, Ben. ''Why do Koreans say 'a biscuit would be nice' instead of 'I want a biscuit'?'', The Times, [[August 21]], [[2004]]. == Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia == * [http://www.ciyem.ugent.be/ Dictionnaire Cilubà - Français] * {{fr}} [http://cric.populus.org/ Centre de Recherche pour l'Instrumentalisation du Ciluba] * {{en}} [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=LUB Ethnologue report on Tshiluba] * {{en}} [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3830521.stm BBC News: Congo word "most untranslatable"] {{nk-ndámbo-lokótá}} [[Category:Nkotá ya Babantu]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: [[:en:Lingala language|Lingala language]] (lingɛlɛsi) mpé [[:fr:Lingala|Lingala]] (lifalansé) ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[en:Tshiluba language]] [[es:Idioma tshiluba]] [[fi:Luban kieli]] [[fr:Tchiluba]] [[ko:루바어]] 8996 2006-08-02T05:27:40Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: [[nl:Tshiluba]] {{lingála tɛ́}} {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300" ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange" style="font-size:120%"|Ciluba |- | valign="top"|Spoken in: |[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Republiki ya Kongo Demokratiki]] |- | valign="top"|Region: |[[Kasaï-Occidental]], [[Kasaï-Oriental]] |- | valign="top"|Total speakers: |6.3 million ([[1991]]) |- | valign="top"|[[List of languages by total speakers|Ranking]]: |See [http://www.davidpbrown.co.uk/help/top-100-languages-by-population.html] ''Not in top 100'' |- | valign="top"|[[Language families and languages|Genetic]]<br>[[Language families and languages|classification]]: |[[Niger-Congo]] &nbsp;[[Atlantic-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Volta-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Benue-Congo]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Bantoid]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Narrow Bantu]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Ciluba''' |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange"|Official status |- | valign="top"|[[Lokóta ya Leta]]: | valign="top"|- |- | valign="top"|[[Nkótá ya Ekólo]]: | valign="top"|[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Republiki ya Kongo Demokratiki]] |- | valign="top"|Regulated by: | valign="top"|- |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="orange"|Language codes |- |[[ISO 639]]-1||- |- |ISO 639-2||lua |- |[[SIL]]||LUB |- !colspan="2" bgcolor="orange" | Carte |- |colspan="2" align="center" | <center>[[image:Map_-_DR_Congo%2C_major_languages.svg|299px|Karte von {{{NAME_ORT}}}]]</center> |} Ciluba ezali [[lokótá]] na bato na [[Kasaï]] na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-demokratiki]]. <!-- ==History== Probable history of the language. What language(s) it is derived from. Dates of movement of major groups of speakers, etc. --> ==Classification== Tshiluba belongs to the [[Bantu]] branch of the [[Niger-Congo languages]]. ==Geographic distribution== Tshiluba is spoken by about 6.3 million people in the [[Kasaï Occidental]] and [[Kasaï Oriental]] provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. <!-- ===Official status=== List which countries have this language as an official language or other special status. --> ===Dialects=== There are significant dialect differences between the [[East Kasai Region]] ([[Baluba]] people) and the [[West Kasai Region]] ([[Bena Lulua]] people). <!-- ===Derived languages=== Creoles and other languages that are derived from this language. ==Sounds== Description of the sound set of the language. Can include phoneme charts and example words for each phoneme like in [[French language]]. If there is significant discussion here, it is probably best to divide the section into vowels and consonants subsections. ===Vowels=== Vowel chart and discussion of vowels. ===Consonants=== Consonant chart and discussion of consonants. ===Phonology=== Discussion of some major phonological processes, such as important [[allophone]]s or assimilation rules. ===Historical sound changes=== Description of important sound changes in the history of the language. (Maybe this should go under history?) ==Grammar== Description of the grammar of the language. --> ==Vocabulary== The [[Bantu]] word identified in [[June 2004]] by Today's Translations, a [[Britain|British]] translation company, as the most [[ilunga|untranslatable]] in the world: ''[[ilunga]]'', in the Tshiluba tongue, means "a person ready to forgive any abuse the first time, to tolerate it a second time, but never a third time". However, it is more likely to be a [[personal name]] rather than a difficult word. <!-- ==Writing system== Brief description of the [[writing system]](s) used to write the language. Writing systems have their own page, so what's written here should just be a brief discussion of how this language makes any special use of the writing system and a link to all the writing systems used to write the language. ==Examples== Some short examples of the language in the writing system(s) used to write the language. You might also include sound samples of the language being spoken. --> ==Sources== *MacIntyre, Ben. ''Why do Koreans say 'a biscuit would be nice' instead of 'I want a biscuit'?'', The Times, [[August 21]], [[2004]]. == Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia == * [http://www.ciyem.ugent.be/ Dictionnaire Cilubà - Français] * {{fr}} [http://cric.populus.org/ Centre de Recherche pour l'Instrumentalisation du Ciluba] * {{en}} [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=LUB Ethnologue report on Tshiluba] * {{en}} [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3830521.stm BBC News: Congo word "most untranslatable"] {{nk-ndámbo-lokótá}} [[Category:Nkotá ya Babantu]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> voir come exemple: [[:en:Lingala language|Lingala language]] (lingɛlɛsi) mpé [[:fr:Lingala|Lingala]] (lifalansé) ---- [[Category:Lokótá]] [[en:Tshiluba language]] [[es:Idioma tshiluba]] [[fi:Luban kieli]] [[fr:Tchiluba]] [[ko:루바어]] [[nl:Tshiluba]] Wikipedia:Administrator 1062 4630 2005-03-05T19:14:19Z Moyogo 11 Wikipedia:Administrator moved to Wikipedia:Moyángeli #REDIRECT [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli]] Swahili 1063 4631 2005-03-05T20:15:03Z Moyogo 11 Swahili moved to Kiswahili #REDIRECT [[Kiswahili]] Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki 1064 2310 2005-03-06T00:20:17Z Bombo 12 [[en:Heads of State of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[fr:Présidents_de_la_République_démocratique_du_Congo]] [[Catégorie:Homme politique congolais (Kinshasa)|*]] Ce tableau liste les chef d'État successifs de l'ancien Congo belge depuis son indépendance du [[Belgique|Royaume de Belgique]] le [[1 juillet|premier juillet]] [[1960]]. Les différents noms qu'a pu prendre le pays sont mentionnés. {|border="2" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" !Nom !Début du mandat !Fin du mandat !Parti !Note |- | colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo (Kinshasa)|Kongo]] </center> |- | [[Joseph Kasavubu]] || [[1 juillet|premier juillet]] [[1960]] || [[24 novembre]] [[1965]] || || renversé militairement par Mobutu |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]] || [[25 novembre]] [[1965]] || [[1 juillet|premier juillet]] [[1966]] || || |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo (Kinshasa)|Kongo Demokratiki]] </center> |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]] || [[1 juillet|premier juillet]] [[1966]] || [[27 octobre]] [[1971]] || || |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo (Kinshasa)|Zaïre]] </center> |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] || [[27 octobre]] [[1971]] || [[16 mai]] [[1997]] || || renversé alors qu'il était à l'étranger |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo (Kinshasa)|Kongo Demokratiki]] </center> |- | [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] || [[17 mai]] [[1997]] || [[29 mai]] [[1997]] || || à titre intérimaire |- | [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] || [[29 mai]] [[1997]] || [[16 janvier]] [[2001]] || || assassiné |- | [[Joseph Kabila]] || [[17 janvier]] [[2001]] || [[26 janvier]] [[2001]] || || fils du précédent, président par intérim |- | [[Joseph Kabila]] || [[26 janvier]] [[2001]] || <center>-</center> || || encadré par 4 vice-présidents des factions de la [[Seconde Guerre du Kivu]]. |- |} 2311 2005-03-06T00:30:35Z Bombo 12 [[en:Heads of State of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[fr:Présidents_de_la_République_démocratique_du_Congo]] [[Categoriy:moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] Ce tableau liste les chef d'État successifs de l'ancien Congo belge depuis son indépendance du [[Belgique|Royaume de Belgique]] le [[1 juillet|premier juillet]] [[1960]]. Les différents noms qu'a pu prendre le pays sont mentionnés. {|border="2" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" !Nkombo !Début du mandat !Fin du mandat !Parti !Elembo |- | colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo]] </center> |- | [[Joseph Kasavubu]] || [[1 juillet|premier juillet]] [[1960]] || [[24 novembre]] [[1965]] || || renversé militairement par Mobutu |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]] || [[25 novembre]] [[1965]] || [[1 juillet|premier juillet]] [[1966]] || || |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo Demokratiki]] </center> |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]] || [[1 juillet|premier juillet]] [[1966]] || [[27 octobre]] [[1971]] || || |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Zaïre]] </center> |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] || [[27 octobre]] [[1971]] || [[16 mai]] [[1997]] || || renversé alors qu'il était à l'étranger |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo Demokratiki]] </center> |- | [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] || [[17 mai]] [[1997]] || [[29 mai]] [[1997]] || || à titre intérimaire |- | [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] || [[29 mai]] [[1997]] || [[16 janvier]] [[2001]] || || assassiné |- | [[Joseph Kabila]] || [[17 janvier]] [[2001]] || [[26 janvier]] [[2001]] || || fils du précédent, président par intérim |- | [[Joseph Kabila]] || [[26 janvier]] [[2001]] || <center>-</center> || || encadré par 4 vice-présidents des factions de la [[Seconde Guerre du Kivu]]. |- |} 4632 2005-03-06T00:32:13Z Bombo 12 [[en:Heads of State of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[fr:Présidents_de_la_République_démocratique_du_Congo]] [[Category:moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] Ce tableau liste les chef d'État successifs de l'ancien Congo belge depuis son indépendance du [[Belgique|Royaume de Belgique]] le [[1 juillet|premier juillet]] [[1960]]. Les différents noms qu'a pu prendre le pays sont mentionnés. {|border="2" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" !Nkombo !Début du mandat !Fin du mandat !Parti !Elembo |- | colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo]] </center> |- | [[Joseph Kasavubu]] || [[1 juillet|premier juillet]] [[1960]] || [[24 novembre]] [[1965]] || || renversé militairement par Mobutu |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]] || [[25 novembre]] [[1965]] || [[1 juillet|premier juillet]] [[1966]] || || |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo Demokratiki]] </center> |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]] || [[1 juillet|premier juillet]] [[1966]] || [[27 octobre]] [[1971]] || || |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Zaïre]] </center> |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] || [[27 octobre]] [[1971]] || [[16 mai]] [[1997]] || || renversé alors qu'il était à l'étranger |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo Demokratiki]] </center> |- | [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] || [[17 mai]] [[1997]] || [[29 mai]] [[1997]] || || à titre intérimaire |- | [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] || [[29 mai]] [[1997]] || [[16 janvier]] [[2001]] || || assassiné |- | [[Joseph Kabila]] || [[17 janvier]] [[2001]] || [[26 janvier]] [[2001]] || || fils du précédent, président par intérim |- | [[Joseph Kabila]] || [[26 janvier]] [[2001]] || <center>-</center> || || encadré par 4 vice-présidents des factions de la [[Seconde Guerre du Kivu]]. |- |} 5213 2005-07-06T18:40:47Z 199.8.233.126 [[en:Heads of State of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[fr:Présidents_de_la_République_démocratique_du_Congo]] [[Category:moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] Makomi oyo elandi elakisi liste ya bakambi-mboka oyo balandanaki o ekolo oyo eyebanaki kala na nkombo ya "Congo Belge", wuta lipanda elongamaki na [[Belgique|Ekolo Belgiki]] na mokolo [[1 juin|30 Juin]] [[1960]]. Bankombo nionso oyo Ekolo Kongo ezwaki banda lipanda, makomami mpe awa. {|border="2" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" !Nkombo !Ebandeli-kimokonzi !Suka-kimokonzi !Parti !Elembo |- | colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo]] </center> |- | [[Joseph Kasavubu]] || [[1 juillet|premier juillet]] [[1960]] || [[24 novembre]] [[1965]] || || renversé militairement par Mobutu |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]] || [[25 novembre]] [[1965]] || [[1 juillet|premier juillet]] [[1966]] || || |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo Demokratiki]] </center> |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]] || [[1 juillet|premier juillet]] [[1966]] || [[27 octobre]] [[1971]] || || |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Zaïre]] </center> |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] || [[27 octobre]] [[1971]] || [[16 mai]] [[1997]] || || renversé alors qu'il était à l'étranger |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo Demokratiki]] </center> |- | [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] || [[17 mai]] [[1997]] || [[29 mai]] [[1997]] || || à titre intérimaire |- | [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] || [[29 mai]] [[1997]] || [[16 janvier]] [[2001]] || || assassiné |- | [[Joseph Kabila]] || [[17 janvier]] [[2001]] || [[26 janvier]] [[2001]] || || fils du précédent, président par intérim |- | [[Joseph Kabila]] || [[26 janvier]] [[2001]] || <center>-</center> || || encadré par 4 vice-présidents des factions de la [[Seconde Guerre du Kivu]]. |- |} 6087 2005-09-01T17:39:45Z 160.85.2.50 [[en:Heads of State of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[fr:Présidents_de_la_République_démocratique_du_Congo]] [[Category:Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)]] [[Category:moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] Makomi oyo elandi elakisi liste ya bakambi-mboka oyo balandanaki o ekolo oyo eyebanaki kala na nkombo ya "Congo Belge", wuta lipanda elongamaki na [[Belgique|Ekolo Belgiki]] na mokolo [[1 juin|30 Juin]] [[1960]]. Bankombo nionso oyo Ekolo Kongo ezwaki banda lipanda, makomami mpe awa. {|border="2" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" !Nkombo !Ebandeli-kimokonzi !Suka-kimokonzi !Parti !Elembo |- | colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo]] </center> |- | [[Joseph Kasavubu]] || [[1 juillet|premier juillet]] [[1960]] || [[24 novembre]] [[1965]] || || renversé militairement par Mobutu |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]] || [[25 novembre]] [[1965]] || [[1 juillet|premier juillet]] [[1966]] || || |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo Demokratiki]] </center> |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]] || [[1 juillet|premier juillet]] [[1966]] || [[27 octobre]] [[1971]] || || |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Zaïre]] </center> |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] || [[27 octobre]] [[1971]] || [[16 mai]] [[1997]] || || renversé alors qu'il était à l'étranger |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo Demokratiki]] </center> |- | [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] || [[17 mai]] [[1997]] || [[29 mai]] [[1997]] || || à titre intérimaire |- | [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] || [[29 mai]] [[1997]] || [[16 janvier]] [[2001]] || || assassiné |- | [[Joseph Kabila]] || [[17 janvier]] [[2001]] || [[26 janvier]] [[2001]] || || fils du précédent, président par intérim |- | [[Joseph Kabila]] || [[26 janvier]] [[2001]] || <center>-</center> || || encadré par 4 vice-présidents des factions de la [[Seconde Guerre du Kivu]]. |- |} 6095 2005-09-02T22:03:32Z 134.95.93.193 [[en:Heads of State of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[fr:Présidents_de_la_République_démocratique_du_Congo]] [[Category:Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)]] [[Category:moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] Makomi oyo elandi elakisi liste ya bakambi-mboka oyo balandanaki o ekolo oyo eyebanaki kala na nkombo ya "Congo Belge", wuta lipanda elongamaki na [[Belgique|Ekolo Belgiki]] ([[Europa]]) na mokolo [[1 juin|30 Juin]] [[1960]]. Bankombo nionso oyo Ekolo Kongo ezwaki banda lipanda, makomami mpe awa. {|border="2" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" !Nkombo !Ebandeli-kimokonzi !Suka-kimokonzi !Parti !Elembo |- | colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo]] </center> |- | [[Joseph Kasavubu]] || [[1 juillet|premier juillet]] [[1960]] || [[24 novembre]] [[1965]] || || renversé militairement par Mobutu |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]] || [[25 novembre]] [[1965]] || [[1 juillet|premier juillet]] [[1966]] || || |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo Demokratiki]] </center> |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]] || [[1 juillet|premier juillet]] [[1966]] || [[27 octobre]] [[1971]] || || |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Zaïre]] </center> |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] || [[27 octobre]] [[1971]] || [[16 mai]] [[1997]] || || renversé alors qu'il était à l'étranger |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo Demokratiki]] </center> |- | [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] || [[17 mai]] [[1997]] || [[29 mai]] [[1997]] || || à titre intérimaire |- | [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] || [[29 mai]] [[1997]] || [[16 janvier]] [[2001]] || || assassiné |- | [[Joseph Kabila]] || [[17 janvier]] [[2001]] || [[26 janvier]] [[2001]] || || fils du précédent, président par intérim |- | [[Joseph Kabila]] || [[26 janvier]] [[2001]] || <center>-</center> || || encadré par 4 vice-présidents des factions de la [[Seconde Guerre du Kivu]]. |- |} 6160 2005-09-05T20:45:10Z Moyogo 11 Belgiki -> Beljiki [[en:Heads of State of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[fr:Présidents_de_la_République_démocratique_du_Congo]] [[Category:Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)]] [[Category:moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] Makomi oyo elandi elakisi liste ya bakambi-mboka oyo balandanaki o ekolo oyo eyebanaki kala na nkombo ya ''Congo Belge'', wuta lipanda elongamaki na [[Belgique|Ekolo Beljiki]] ([[Europa]]) na mokolo [[1 juin|30 Juin]] [[1960]]. Bankombo nionso oyo Ekolo Kongo ezwaki banda lipanda, makomami mpe awa. {|border="2" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" !Nkombo !Ebandeli-kimokonzi !Suka-kimokonzi !Parti !Elembo |- | colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo]] </center> |- | [[Joseph Kasavubu]] || [[1 juillet|premier juillet]] [[1960]] || [[24 novembre]] [[1965]] || || renversé militairement par Mobutu |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]] || [[25 novembre]] [[1965]] || [[1 juillet|premier juillet]] [[1966]] || || |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo Demokratiki]] </center> |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]] || [[1 juillet|premier juillet]] [[1966]] || [[27 octobre]] [[1971]] || || |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Zaïre]] </center> |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] || [[27 octobre]] [[1971]] || [[16 mai]] [[1997]] || || renversé alors qu'il était à l'étranger |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo Demokratiki]] </center> |- | [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] || [[17 mai]] [[1997]] || [[29 mai]] [[1997]] || || à titre intérimaire |- | [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] || [[29 mai]] [[1997]] || [[16 janvier]] [[2001]] || || assassiné |- | [[Joseph Kabila]] || [[17 janvier]] [[2001]] || [[26 janvier]] [[2001]] || || fils du précédent, président par intérim |- | [[Joseph Kabila]] || [[26 janvier]] [[2001]] || <center>-</center> || || encadré par 4 vice-présidents des factions de la [[Seconde Guerre du Kivu]]. |- |} 6880 2005-11-12T11:18:12Z Moyogo 11 Kasa-Vubu [[en:Heads of State of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[fr:Présidents_de_la_République_démocratique_du_Congo]] [[Category:Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)]] [[Category:moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] Makomi oyo elandi elakisi liste ya bakambi-mboka oyo balandanaki o ekolo oyo eyebanaki kala na nkombo ya ''Congo Belge'', wuta lipanda elongamaki na [[Belgique|Ekolo Beljiki]] ([[Europa]]) na mokolo [[1 juin|30 Juin]] [[1960]]. Bankombo nionso oyo Ekolo Kongo ezwaki banda lipanda, makomami mpe awa. {|border="2" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" !Nkombo !Ebandeli-kimokonzi !Suka-kimokonzi !Parti !Elembo |- | colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo]] </center> |- | [[Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] || [[1 juillet|premier juillet]] [[1960]] || [[24 novembre]] [[1965]] || || renversé militairement par Mobutu |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]] || [[25 novembre]] [[1965]] || [[1 juillet|premier juillet]] [[1966]] || || |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo Demokratiki]] </center> |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]] || [[1 juillet|premier juillet]] [[1966]] || [[27 octobre]] [[1971]] || || |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Zaïre]] </center> |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] || [[27 octobre]] [[1971]] || [[16 mai]] [[1997]] || || renversé alors qu'il était à l'étranger |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo Demokratiki]] </center> |- | [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] || [[17 mai]] [[1997]] || [[29 mai]] [[1997]] || || à titre intérimaire |- | [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] || [[29 mai]] [[1997]] || [[16 janvier]] [[2001]] || || assassiné |- | [[Joseph Kabila]] || [[17 janvier]] [[2001]] || [[26 janvier]] [[2001]] || || fils du précédent, président par intérim |- | [[Joseph Kabila]] || [[26 janvier]] [[2001]] || <center>-</center> || || encadré par 4 vice-présidents des factions de la [[Seconde Guerre du Kivu]]. |- |} 6893 2005-11-15T10:21:37Z Bombo 12 [[en:Heads of State of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[fr:Présidents_de_la_République_démocratique_du_Congo]] [[Category:Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)]] [[Category:moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] Makomi oyo elandi elakisi liste ya bakambi-mboka oyo balandanaki o ekolo oyo eyebanaki kala na nkombo ya ''Congo Belge'', wuta lipanda elongamaki na [[Belgique|Ekolo Beljiki]] ([[Europa]]) na mokolo [[1 juin|30 Juin]] [[1960]]. Bankombo nionso oyo Ekolo Kongo ezwaki banda lipanda, makomami mpe awa. {|border="2" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" !Nkombo !Ebandeli-kimokonzi !Suka-kimokonzi !Parti !Elembo |- | colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo]] </center> |- | [[Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] || [[1 yuli]] [[1960]] || [[24 novembere]] [[1965]] ||| [[ABAKO]] || renversé militairement par Mobutu |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]] || [[25 novembere]] [[1965]] || [[1 yuli]] [[1966]] || Mil || |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo Demokratiki]] </center> |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]] || [[1 yuli]] [[1966]] || [[27 oktobele]] [[1971]] || [[MRP]] || |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Zaïre]] </center> |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] || [[27 oktobele]] [[1971]] || [[16 mai]] [[1997]] || [[MRP]] || renversé alors qu'il était à l'étranger |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo Demokratiki]] </center> |- | [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] || [[17 mai]] [[1997]] || [[29 mai]] [[1997]] || [[AFDL]] || à titre intérimaire |- | [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] || [[29 mai]] [[1997]] || [[16 yanuari]] [[2001]] || [[AFDL]] || assassiné |- | [[Joseph Kabila]] || [[17 yanuari]] [[2001]] || [[26 yanuari]] [[2001]] || [[AFDL]] || fils du précédent, président par intérim |- | [[Joseph Kabila]] || [[26 yanuari]] [[2001]] || <center>-</center> || || encadré par 4 vice-présidents des factions de la [[Seconde Guerre du Kivu]]. |- |} {{PartiPolitiqueRDC}} 6898 2005-11-15T10:48:06Z Bombo 12 link [[en:Heads of State of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[fr:Présidents_de_la_République_démocratique_du_Congo]] [[Category:Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)]] [[Category:moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] Makomi oyo elandi elakisi liste ya bakambi-mboka oyo balandanaki o ekolo oyo eyebanaki kala na nkombo ya ''Congo Belge'', wuta lipanda elongamaki na [[Belgique|Ekolo Beljiki]] ([[Europa]]) na mokolo [[1 juin|30 Juin]] [[1960]]. Bankombo nionso oyo Ekolo Kongo ezwaki banda lipanda, makomami mpe awa. {|border="2" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" !Nkombo !Ebandeli-kimokonzi !Suka-kimokonzi !Parti !Elembo |- | colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo]] </center> |- | [[Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] || [[1 yuli]] [[1960]] || [[24 novembere]] [[1965]] ||| [[Association des personnes de Bakongo|ABAKO]] || renversé militairement par Mobutu |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]] || [[25 novembere]] [[1965]] || [[1 yuli]] [[1966]] || Mil || |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo Demokratiki]] </center> |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]] || [[1 yuli]] [[1966]] || [[27 oktobele]] [[1971]] || [[Mouvement Populaire Révolutionnaire|MRP]] || |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Zaïre]] </center> |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] || [[27 oktobele]] [[1971]] || [[16 mai]] [[1997]] || MRP || renversé alors qu'il était à l'étranger |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo Demokratiki]] </center> |- | [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] || [[17 mai]] [[1997]] || [[29 mai]] [[1997]] || [[Alliance des Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Congo (Zaïre)|AFDL]] || à titre intérimaire |- | [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] || [[29 mai]] [[1997]] || [[16 yanuari]] [[2001]] || AFDL || assassiné |- | [[Joseph Kabila]] || [[17 yanuari]] [[2001]] || [[26 yanuari]] [[2001]] || AFDL || fils du précédent, président par intérim |- | [[Joseph Kabila]] || [[26 yanuari]] [[2001]] || <center>-</center> || AFDL || encadré par 4 vice-présidents des factions de la [[Seconde Guerre du Kivu]]. |- |} {{PartiPolitiqueRDC}} 7146 2005-12-03T22:48:55Z Moyogo 11 [[Bɛ́ljiki]] ([[Eropa]]) [[en:Heads of State of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[fr:Présidents_de_la_République_démocratique_du_Congo]] [[Category:Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)]] [[Category:moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] Makomi oyo elandi elakisi liste ya bakambi-mboka oyo balandanaki o ekolo oyo eyebanaki kala na nkombo ya ''Congo Belge'', wuta lipanda elongamaki na [[Bɛ́ljiki]] ([[Eropa]]) na mokolo [[1 juin|30 Juin]] [[1960]]. Bankombo nionso oyo Ekolo Kongo ezwaki banda lipanda, makomami mpe awa. {|border="2" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" !Nkombo !Ebandeli-kimokonzi !Suka-kimokonzi !Parti !Elembo |- | colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo]] </center> |- | [[Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] || [[1 yuli]] [[1960]] || [[24 novembere]] [[1965]] ||| [[Association des personnes de Bakongo|ABAKO]] || renversé militairement par Mobutu |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]] || [[25 novembere]] [[1965]] || [[1 yuli]] [[1966]] || Mil || |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo Demokratiki]] </center> |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]] || [[1 yuli]] [[1966]] || [[27 oktobele]] [[1971]] || [[Mouvement Populaire Révolutionnaire|MRP]] || |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Zaïre]] </center> |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] || [[27 oktobele]] [[1971]] || [[16 mai]] [[1997]] || MRP || renversé alors qu'il était à l'étranger |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo Demokratiki]] </center> |- | [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] || [[17 mai]] [[1997]] || [[29 mai]] [[1997]] || [[Alliance des Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Congo (Zaïre)|AFDL]] || à titre intérimaire |- | [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] || [[29 mai]] [[1997]] || [[16 yanuari]] [[2001]] || AFDL || assassiné |- | [[Joseph Kabila]] || [[17 yanuari]] [[2001]] || [[26 yanuari]] [[2001]] || AFDL || fils du précédent, président par intérim |- | [[Joseph Kabila]] || [[26 yanuari]] [[2001]] || <center>-</center> || AFDL || encadré par 4 vice-présidents des factions de la [[Seconde Guerre du Kivu]]. |- |} {{PartiPolitiqueRDC}} {{lingála tɛ́}} 7147 2005-12-03T22:49:59Z Moyogo 11 [[Bɛ́ljika]] [[en:Heads of State of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[fr:Présidents_de_la_République_démocratique_du_Congo]] [[Category:Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)]] [[Category:moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] Makomi oyo elandi elakisi liste ya bakambi-mboka oyo balandanaki o ekolo oyo eyebanaki kala na nkombo ya ''Congo Belge'', wuta lipanda elongamaki na [[Bɛ́ljika]] ([[Eropa]]) na mokolo [[1 juin|30 Juin]] [[1960]]. Bankombo nionso oyo Ekolo Kongo ezwaki banda lipanda, makomami mpe awa. {|border="2" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" !Nkombo !Ebandeli-kimokonzi !Suka-kimokonzi !Parti !Elembo |- | colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo]] </center> |- | [[Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] || [[1 yuli]] [[1960]] || [[24 novembere]] [[1965]] ||| [[Association des personnes de Bakongo|ABAKO]] || renversé militairement par Mobutu |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]] || [[25 novembere]] [[1965]] || [[1 yuli]] [[1966]] || Mil || |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo Demokratiki]] </center> |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]] || [[1 yuli]] [[1966]] || [[27 oktobele]] [[1971]] || [[Mouvement Populaire Révolutionnaire|MRP]] || |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Zaïre]] </center> |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] || [[27 oktobele]] [[1971]] || [[16 mai]] [[1997]] || MRP || renversé alors qu'il était à l'étranger |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo Demokratiki]] </center> |- | [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] || [[17 mai]] [[1997]] || [[29 mai]] [[1997]] || [[Alliance des Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Congo (Zaïre)|AFDL]] || à titre intérimaire |- | [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] || [[29 mai]] [[1997]] || [[16 yanuari]] [[2001]] || AFDL || assassiné |- | [[Joseph Kabila]] || [[17 yanuari]] [[2001]] || [[26 yanuari]] [[2001]] || AFDL || fils du précédent, président par intérim |- | [[Joseph Kabila]] || [[26 yanuari]] [[2001]] || <center>-</center> || AFDL || encadré par 4 vice-présidents des factions de la [[Seconde Guerre du Kivu]]. |- |} {{PartiPolitiqueRDC}} {{lingála tɛ́}} 7183 2005-12-04T21:32:18Z Blockinblox 38 [[en:Heads of State of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[fr:Présidents_de_la_République_démocratique_du_Congo]] [[Category:Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)]] [[Category:moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] Makomi oyo elandi elakisi liste ya bakambi-mboka oyo balandanaki o ekolo oyo eyebanaki kala na nkombo ya ''Congo Belge'', wuta lipanda elongamaki na [[Bɛ́ljika]] ([[Eropa]]) na mokolo [[1 juin|30 Juin]] [[1960]]. Bankombo nionso oyo Ekolo Kongo ezwaki banda lipanda, makomami mpe awa. {|border="2" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" !Nkombo !Ebandeli-kimokonzi !Suka-kimokonzi !Parti !Elembo |- | colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo]] </center> |- | [[Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] || [[1 yuli]] [[1960]] || [[24 novembere]] [[1965]] ||| [[Association des personnes de Bakongo|ABAKO]] || renversé militairement par Mobutu |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]] || [[25 novembere]] [[1965]] || [[1 yuli]] [[1966]] || Mil || |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo Demokratiki]] </center> |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]] || [[1 yuli]] [[1966]] || [[27 oktobele]] [[1971]] || [[Mouvement Populaire Révolutionnaire|MRP]] || |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Zaïre]] </center> |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] || [[27 oktobele]] [[1971]] || [[16 mai]] [[1997]] || MRP || renversé alors qu'il était à l'étranger |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo Demokratiki]] </center> |- | [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] || [[17 mai]] [[1997]] || [[29 mai]] [[1997]] || [[Alliance des Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Congo (Zaïre)|AFDL]] || à titre intérimaire |- | [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] || [[29 mai]] [[1997]] || [[16 yanuari]] [[2001]] || AFDL || assassiné |- | [[Joseph Kabila]] || [[17 yanuari]] [[2001]] || [[26 yanuari]] [[2001]] || AFDL || fils du précédent, président par intérim |- | [[Joseph Kabila]] || [[26 yanuari]] [[2001]] || <center>-</center> || AFDL || encadré par 4 vice-présidents des factions de la [[Seconde Guerre du Kivu]]. |- |} {{PartiPolitiqueRDC}} 7205 2005-12-05T21:34:41Z Moyogo 11 [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)]] moved to [[Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[en:Heads of State of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[fr:Présidents_de_la_République_démocratique_du_Congo]] [[Category:Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)]] [[Category:moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] Makomi oyo elandi elakisi liste ya bakambi-mboka oyo balandanaki o ekolo oyo eyebanaki kala na nkombo ya ''Congo Belge'', wuta lipanda elongamaki na [[Bɛ́ljika]] ([[Eropa]]) na mokolo [[1 juin|30 Juin]] [[1960]]. Bankombo nionso oyo Ekolo Kongo ezwaki banda lipanda, makomami mpe awa. {|border="2" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" !Nkombo !Ebandeli-kimokonzi !Suka-kimokonzi !Parti !Elembo |- | colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo]] </center> |- | [[Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] || [[1 yuli]] [[1960]] || [[24 novembere]] [[1965]] ||| [[Association des personnes de Bakongo|ABAKO]] || renversé militairement par Mobutu |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]] || [[25 novembere]] [[1965]] || [[1 yuli]] [[1966]] || Mil || |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo Demokratiki]] </center> |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]] || [[1 yuli]] [[1966]] || [[27 oktobele]] [[1971]] || [[Mouvement Populaire Révolutionnaire|MRP]] || |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Zaïre]] </center> |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] || [[27 oktobele]] [[1971]] || [[16 mai]] [[1997]] || MRP || renversé alors qu'il était à l'étranger |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo Demokratiki]] </center> |- | [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] || [[17 mai]] [[1997]] || [[29 mai]] [[1997]] || [[Alliance des Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Congo (Zaïre)|AFDL]] || à titre intérimaire |- | [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] || [[29 mai]] [[1997]] || [[16 yanuari]] [[2001]] || AFDL || assassiné |- | [[Joseph Kabila]] || [[17 yanuari]] [[2001]] || [[26 yanuari]] [[2001]] || AFDL || fils du précédent, président par intérim |- | [[Joseph Kabila]] || [[26 yanuari]] [[2001]] || <center>-</center> || AFDL || encadré par 4 vice-présidents des factions de la [[Seconde Guerre du Kivu]]. |- |} {{PartiPolitiqueRDC}} 7210 2005-12-05T21:40:24Z Moyogo 11 Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki [[en:Heads of State of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[fr:Présidents_de_la_République_démocratique_du_Congo]] [[Category:Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] Makomi oyo elandi elakisi liste ya bakambi-mboka oyo balandanaki o ekolo oyo eyebanaki kala na nkombo ya ''Congo Belge'', wuta lipanda elongamaki na [[Bɛ́ljika]] ([[Eropa]]) na mokolo [[1 juin|30 Juin]] [[1960]]. Bankombo nionso oyo Ekolo Kongo ezwaki banda lipanda, makomami mpe awa. {|border="2" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" !Nkombo !Ebandeli-kimokonzi !Suka-kimokonzi !Parti !Elembo |- | colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo]] </center> |- | [[Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] || [[1 yuli]] [[1960]] || [[24 novembere]] [[1965]] ||| [[Association des personnes de Bakongo|ABAKO]] || renversé militairement par Mobutu |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]] || [[25 novembere]] [[1965]] || [[1 yuli]] [[1966]] || Mil || |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo Demokratiki]] </center> |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]] || [[1 yuli]] [[1966]] || [[27 oktobele]] [[1971]] || [[Mouvement Populaire Révolutionnaire|MRP]] || |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Zaïre]] </center> |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] || [[27 oktobele]] [[1971]] || [[16 mai]] [[1997]] || MRP || renversé alors qu'il était à l'étranger |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo Demokratiki]] </center> |- | [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] || [[17 mai]] [[1997]] || [[29 mai]] [[1997]] || [[Alliance des Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Congo (Zaïre)|AFDL]] || à titre intérimaire |- | [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] || [[29 mai]] [[1997]] || [[16 yanuari]] [[2001]] || AFDL || assassiné |- | [[Joseph Kabila]] || [[17 yanuari]] [[2001]] || [[26 yanuari]] [[2001]] || AFDL || fils du précédent, président par intérim |- | [[Joseph Kabila]] || [[26 yanuari]] [[2001]] || <center>-</center> || AFDL || encadré par 4 vice-présidents des factions de la [[Seconde Guerre du Kivu]]. |- |} {{PartiPolitiqueRDC}} 7217 2005-12-06T07:58:16Z Moyogo 11 [[en:Heads of State of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[fr:Présidents_de_la_République_démocratique_du_Congo]] [[Category:Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] Mabomí óyo elandi elakisi liste ya bakambi-mboka óyo balandanaki o ekólo óyo eyebanaki kala na nkómbó ya ''Bôngó Ebelé'', wuta lipánda elongamaki na [[Bɛ́ljika]] ([[Eropa]]) na mokóló [[1 yuni|30 yuni]] [[1960]]. Nkómbó nyɔ́nsɔ óyo Ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki ezwaki bandá lipánda, makomami mpé áwa. {|border="2" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" !Nkombo !Ebandeli-kimokonzi !Suka-kimokonzi !Parti !Elembo |- | colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo]] </center> |- | [[Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] || [[1 yuli]] [[1960]] || [[24 novembere]] [[1965]] ||| [[Association des personnes de Bakongo|ABAKO]] || renversé militairement par Mobutu |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]] || [[25 novembere]] [[1965]] || [[1 yuli]] [[1966]] || Mil || |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo Demokratiki]] </center> |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]] || [[1 yuli]] [[1966]] || [[27 oktobele]] [[1971]] || [[Mouvement Populaire Révolutionnaire|MRP]] || |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Zaïre]] </center> |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] || [[27 oktobele]] [[1971]] || [[16 mai]] [[1997]] || MRP || renversé alors qu'il était à l'étranger |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo Demokratiki]] </center> |- | [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] || [[17 mai]] [[1997]] || [[29 mai]] [[1997]] || [[Alliance des Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Congo (Zaïre)|AFDL]] || à titre intérimaire |- | [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] || [[29 mai]] [[1997]] || [[16 yanuari]] [[2001]] || AFDL || assassiné |- | [[Joseph Kabila]] || [[17 yanuari]] [[2001]] || [[26 yanuari]] [[2001]] || AFDL || fils du précédent, président par intérim |- | [[Joseph Kabila]] || [[26 yanuari]] [[2001]] || <center>-</center> || AFDL || encadré par 4 vice-présidents des factions de la [[Seconde Guerre du Kivu]]. |- |} {{PartiPolitiqueRDC}} 7218 2005-12-06T08:00:20Z Moyogo 11 [[en:Heads of State of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[fr:Présidents_de_la_République_démocratique_du_Congo]] [[Category:Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] Mabomí óyo elandi elakisi liste ya bakambi-mboka óyo balandanaki o ekólo óyo eyebanaki kala na nkómbó ya ''Bôngó Ebelé'', wuta lipánda elongamaki na [[Bɛ́ljika]] ([[Eropa]]) na mokóló [[1 yuni|30 yuni]] [[1960]]. Nkómbó nyɔ́nsɔ óyo Ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki ezwaki bandá lipánda, makomami mpé áwa. {|border="2" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" !Nkombo !Ebandeli-kimokonzi !Suka-kimokonzi !Parti !Elembo |- | colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ]] </center> |- | [[Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] || [[1 yuli]] [[1960]] || [[24 novembere]] [[1965]] ||| [[Association des personnes de Bakongo|ABAKO]] || renversé militairement par Mobutu |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]] || [[25 novembere]] [[1965]] || [[1 yuli]] [[1966]] || Mil || |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] </center> |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]] || [[1 yuli]] [[1966]] || [[27 oktobele]] [[1971]] || [[Mouvement Populaire Révolutionnaire|MRP]] || |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki|Zaïre]] </center> |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] || [[27 oktobele]] [[1971]] || [[16 mai]] [[1997]] || MRP || renversé alors qu'il était à l'étranger |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] </center> |- | [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] || [[17 mai]] [[1997]] || [[29 mai]] [[1997]] || [[Alliance des Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Congo (Zaïre)|AFDL]] || à titre intérimaire |- | [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] || [[29 mai]] [[1997]] || [[16 yanuari]] [[2001]] || AFDL || assassiné |- | [[Joseph Kabila]] || [[17 yanuari]] [[2001]] || [[26 yanuari]] [[2001]] || AFDL || fils du précédent, président par intérim |- | [[Joseph Kabila]] || [[26 yanuari]] [[2001]] || <center>-</center> || AFDL || encadré par 4 vice-présidents des factions de la [[Seconde Guerre du Kivu]]. |- |} {{PartiPolitiqueRDC}} 7943 2006-04-02T19:41:19Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: id Modifie: en, fr [[Category:Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] Mabomí óyo elandi elakisi liste ya bakambi-mboka óyo balandanaki o ekólo óyo eyebanaki kala na nkómbó ya ''Bôngó Ebelé'', wuta lipánda elongamaki na [[Bɛ́ljika]] ([[Eropa]]) na mokóló [[1 yuni|30 yuni]] [[1960]]. Nkómbó nyɔ́nsɔ óyo Ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki ezwaki bandá lipánda, makomami mpé áwa. {|border="2" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" !Nkombo !Ebandeli-kimokonzi !Suka-kimokonzi !Parti !Elembo |- | colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ]] </center> |- | [[Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] || [[1 yuli]] [[1960]] || [[24 novembere]] [[1965]] ||| [[Association des personnes de Bakongo|ABAKO]] || renversé militairement par Mobutu |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]] || [[25 novembere]] [[1965]] || [[1 yuli]] [[1966]] || Mil || |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] </center> |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]] || [[1 yuli]] [[1966]] || [[27 oktobele]] [[1971]] || [[Mouvement Populaire Révolutionnaire|MRP]] || |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki|Zaïre]] </center> |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] || [[27 oktobele]] [[1971]] || [[16 mai]] [[1997]] || MRP || renversé alors qu'il était à l'étranger |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] </center> |- | [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] || [[17 mai]] [[1997]] || [[29 mai]] [[1997]] || [[Alliance des Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Congo (Zaïre)|AFDL]] || à titre intérimaire |- | [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] || [[29 mai]] [[1997]] || [[16 yanuari]] [[2001]] || AFDL || assassiné |- | [[Joseph Kabila]] || [[17 yanuari]] [[2001]] || [[26 yanuari]] [[2001]] || AFDL || fils du précédent, président par intérim |- | [[Joseph Kabila]] || [[26 yanuari]] [[2001]] || <center>-</center> || AFDL || encadré par 4 vice-présidents des factions de la [[Seconde Guerre du Kivu]]. |- |} {{PartiPolitiqueRDC}} [[en:Heads of state of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[fr:Liste des présidents de la République démocratique du Congo]] [[id:Presiden Republik Demokratik Kongo]] 8273 2006-05-29T09:47:13Z Moyogo 11 [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] 8274 2006-05-29T09:47:28Z Moyogo 11 #REDIRECT [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] Joseph Kabila 1065 2312 2005-03-06T00:54:20Z Bombo 12 [[category:Moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] [[Image:Joseph Kabila.JPG|thumb|Description]] 2637 2005-03-06T00:55:50Z Bombo 12 [[category:Moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] [[Image:Joseph Kabila.JPG|thumb|Joseph Kabila]] 4633 2005-05-11T04:21:26Z Moyogo 11 +{{ndambo}} [[category:Moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] {{ndambo}} [[Image:Joseph Kabila.JPG|thumb|Joseph Kabila]] 5600 2005-07-24T14:20:03Z 199.8.238.219 [[category:Moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] {{ndambo}} [[Image:Joseph Kabila2.JPG|thumb|Joseph Kabila]] 5601 2005-07-24T14:20:35Z 199.8.238.219 [[category:Moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] {{ndambo}} [[Image:Joseph_Kabila2.jpg|thumb|Joseph Kabila]] 5602 2005-07-24T14:24:53Z 199.8.238.219 [[category:Moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] {{ndambo}} [[Image:Joseph_Kabila2.jpg|270px|thumb|Joseph Kabila]] '''Joseph Kabila Kabange''' (born [[1971]]) became president of the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] after the assassination of his father [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] in January [[2001]]. He has attempted to end the civil war and remove foreign troops from the country, with some success. Following a peace agreement, an interim administration was set up in [[2003]], including the leaders of the country's two main rebel groups as vice-presidents (two other vice-presidents are representatives of the civilian opposition and government supporters respectively). Proposals have been made to hold elections before the end of [[2005]]. On [[March 28]], [[2004]], a coup attempt or mutiny around the capital [[Kinshasa]], allegedly organized by supporters of the late president [[Mobutu Sese Seko]], failed. On [[June 11]], 2004, coup plotters led by Major [[Eric Lenge]] attempted to take power, declaring that the country's peace process was not working, but were defeated by loyalist troops. Kabila fought in his father's rebel army, during the campaign that brought him to power. He recieved military training from the neighbouring governments of [[Uganda]] and [[Rwanda]]. He has served in numerous posts prior to becoming Prseident, Major General and Chief of Staff within the Army, heading up the government forces fight against former rebels. However he was considered young and inexperienced to when he became President, following the murder of his father, [[Laurent Kabila]]. ==Mankásá olibanda Wikipedia== *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1076399.stm BBC Country Profile]* 5603 2005-07-24T14:26:18Z 199.8.238.219 [[category:Moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] {{ndambo}} [[Image:Joseph_kabila2.jpg|270px|thumb|Joseph Kabila]] '''Joseph Kabila Kabange''' (born [[1971]]) became president of the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] after the assassination of his father [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] in January [[2001]]. He has attempted to end the civil war and remove foreign troops from the country, with some success. Following a peace agreement, an interim administration was set up in [[2003]], including the leaders of the country's two main rebel groups as vice-presidents (two other vice-presidents are representatives of the civilian opposition and government supporters respectively). Proposals have been made to hold elections before the end of [[2005]]. On [[March 28]], [[2004]], a coup attempt or mutiny around the capital [[Kinshasa]], allegedly organized by supporters of the late president [[Mobutu Sese Seko]], failed. On [[June 11]], 2004, coup plotters led by Major [[Eric Lenge]] attempted to take power, declaring that the country's peace process was not working, but were defeated by loyalist troops. Kabila fought in his father's rebel army, during the campaign that brought him to power. He recieved military training from the neighbouring governments of [[Uganda]] and [[Rwanda]]. He has served in numerous posts prior to becoming Prseident, Major General and Chief of Staff within the Army, heading up the government forces fight against former rebels. However he was considered young and inexperienced to when he became President, following the murder of his father, [[Laurent Kabila]]. ==Mankásá olibanda Wikipedia== *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1076399.stm BBC Country Profile]* 5621 2005-07-24T22:23:55Z 199.8.238.219 [[category:Moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] {{ndambo}} [[Image:Joseph_kabila2.jpg|270px|thumb|Joseph Kabila]] '''Joseph Kabila Kabange''' (abótámi [[1971]]) akomaki mokambi-ekolo [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] nàkolanda tata wa ye, [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]], mokambi-ekolo oyo akutaki liwa na loboko wa garde-du-corps waye, na Janvier [[2001]]. Na kimokonzi na ye, azali komeka kosilisa bitumba, mpe kobimisa mapinzo ya bisé mosusu olibanda ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa. Nàkolanda siniatire ya mokanda ya kimia, bulamatari ya sika, pona eyángeli ekolo pona mbula mibale, ekelamaki na [[2003]], mpe okati wango bakotaki bakambi ya mapinzo mibale ya makasi koleka, oyo basilikelaki bulamatari, to mpe barebɛl; bango bakotaki na kimokonzi lokola bakambi-babale, elongo na moto moko pona parti ya mokambi-ekolo, mpe moto mosusu pona bato oyo bakeseni na politiki ya parti oyo ezali na kimokonzi, kasi baselalaka minduki te (mingi-mingi babengami [[opozision]]). Mokanda ya mibeko-mokonzi to mpe konstitision elobi ete maponeli likosalema liboso ya 30 Yuni ya 2006. On [[March 28]], [[2004]], a coup attempt or mutiny around the capital [[Kinshasa]], allegedly organized by supporters of the late president [[Mobutu Sese Seko]], failed. On [[June 11]], 2004, coup plotters led by Major [[Eric Lenge]] attempted to take power, declaring that the country's peace process was not working, but were defeated by loyalist troops. Kabila abundaki na mapinzo ya barebɛl ya tata wa ye, nà bitumba oyo ememaki wa ye tata o kimokonzi. Alandaki kelasi ya mapinzo okati ya mapinzo ya [[Uganda]] mpe ya [[Rwanda]]. Asalaki na misala mingi okati o bulamatari liboso ya kozala mokambi-ekolo, lokola oyo ya General-Major mpe Mokambi-lisanga ya Mapinzo ya mabele ya ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa, esika oyo a kambaki basoda o ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa na bitumba ná barebɛl, obanda 1998. Kasi bato mingi bakanisaki ete ye azalaki na manso makokí te pona mosala ya mokambi-ekolo, na ntango alandaki tata wa ye [[Laurent Kabila]] na kimokonzi. ==Mankásá olibanda Wikipedia== *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1076399.stm BBC Country Profile]* 5622 2005-07-24T22:25:47Z 199.8.238.219 [[category:Moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] [en:Joseph Kabila]][[fr:Joseph Kabila]][[es:Joseph Kabila]][[kg:Joseph Kabila]][[sw:Joseph Kabila]] {{ndambo}} [[Image:Joseph_kabila2.jpg|270px|thumb|Joseph Kabila]] '''Joseph Kabila Kabange''' (abótámi [[1971]]) akomaki mokambi-ekolo [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] nàkolanda tata wa ye, [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]], mokambi-ekolo oyo akutaki liwa na loboko wa garde-du-corps waye, na Janvier [[2001]]. Na kimokonzi na ye, azali komeka kosilisa bitumba, mpe kobimisa mapinzo ya bisé mosusu olibanda ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa. Nàkolanda siniatire ya mokanda ya kimia, bulamatari ya sika, pona eyángeli ekolo pona mbula mibale, ekelamaki na [[2003]], mpe okati wango bakotaki bakambi ya mapinzo mibale ya makasi koleka, oyo basilikelaki bulamatari, to mpe barebɛl; bango bakotaki na kimokonzi lokola bakambi-babale, elongo na moto moko pona parti ya mokambi-ekolo, mpe moto mosusu pona bato oyo bakeseni na politiki ya parti oyo ezali na kimokonzi, kasi baselalaka minduki te (mingi-mingi babengami [[opozision]]). Mokanda ya mibeko-mokonzi to mpe konstitision elobi ete maponeli likosalema liboso ya 30 Yuni ya 2006. On [[March 28]], [[2004]], a coup attempt or mutiny around the capital [[Kinshasa]], allegedly organized by supporters of the late president [[Mobutu Sese Seko]], failed. On [[June 11]], 2004, coup plotters led by Major [[Eric Lenge]] attempted to take power, declaring that the country's peace process was not working, but were defeated by loyalist troops. Kabila abundaki na mapinzo ya barebɛl ya tata wa ye, nà bitumba oyo ememaki wa ye tata o kimokonzi. Alandaki kelasi ya mapinzo okati ya mapinzo ya [[Uganda]] mpe ya [[Rwanda]]. Asalaki na misala mingi okati o bulamatari liboso ya kozala mokambi-ekolo, lokola oyo ya General-Major mpe Mokambi-lisanga ya Mapinzo ya mabele ya ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa, esika oyo a kambaki basoda o ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa na bitumba ná barebɛl, obanda 1998. Kasi bato mingi bakanisaki ete ye azalaki na manso makokí te pona mosala ya mokambi-ekolo, na ntango alandaki tata wa ye [[Laurent Kabila]] na kimokonzi. ==Mankásá olibanda Wikipedia== *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1076399.stm BBC Country Profile]* 5687 2005-07-25T03:43:49Z 199.8.238.219 [[category:Moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] [[en:Joseph Kabila]][[fr:Joseph Kabila]][[es:Joseph Kabila]][[kg:Joseph Kabila]][[sw:Joseph Kabila]] {{ndambo}} [[Image:Joseph_kabila2.jpg|270px|thumb|Joseph Kabila]] '''Joseph Kabila Kabange''' (abótámi [[1971]]) akomaki mokambi-ekolo [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] nàkolanda tata wa ye, [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]], mokambi-ekolo oyo akutaki liwa na loboko wa garde-du-corps waye, na Janvier [[2001]]. Na kimokonzi na ye, azali komeka kosilisa bitumba, mpe kobimisa mapinzo ya bisé mosusu olibanda ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa. Nàkolanda siniatire ya mokanda ya kimia, bulamatari ya sika, pona eyángeli ekolo pona mbula mibale, ekelamaki na [[2003]], mpe okati wango bakotaki bakambi ya mapinzo mibale ya makasi koleka, oyo basilikelaki bulamatari, to mpe barebɛl; bango bakotaki na kimokonzi lokola bakambi-babale, elongo na moto moko pona parti ya mokambi-ekolo, mpe moto mosusu pona bato oyo bakeseni na politiki ya parti oyo ezali na kimokonzi, kasi baselalaka minduki te (mingi-mingi babengami [[opozision]]). Mokanda ya mibeko-mokonzi to mpe konstitision elobi ete maponeli likosalema liboso ya 30 Yuni ya 2006. On [[March 28]], [[2004]], a coup attempt or mutiny around the capital [[Kinshasa]], allegedly organized by supporters of the late president [[Mobutu Sese Seko]], failed. On [[June 11]], 2004, coup plotters led by Major [[Eric Lenge]] attempted to take power, declaring that the country's peace process was not working, but were defeated by loyalist troops. Kabila abundaki na mapinzo ya barebɛl ya tata wa ye, nà bitumba oyo ememaki wa ye tata o kimokonzi. Alandaki kelasi ya mapinzo okati ya mapinzo ya [[Uganda]] mpe ya [[Rwanda]]. Asalaki na misala mingi okati o bulamatari liboso ya kozala mokambi-ekolo, lokola oyo ya General-Major mpe Mokambi-lisanga ya Mapinzo ya mabele ya ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa, esika oyo a kambaki basoda o ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa na bitumba ná barebɛl, obanda 1998. Kasi bato mingi bakanisaki ete ye azalaki na manso makokí te pona mosala ya mokambi-ekolo, na ntango alandaki tata wa ye [[Laurent Kabila]] na kimokonzi. ==Mankásá olibanda Wikipedia== *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1076399.stm BBC Country Profile]* 6042 2005-08-29T19:55:08Z Themalau 22 [[category:Moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] [[en:Joseph Kabila]][[fr:Joseph Kabila]][[es:Joseph Kabila]][[kg:Joseph Kabila]][[sw:Joseph Kabila]] {{ndambo}} [[Image:Joseph_Kabila.jpg|270px|thumb|Joseph Kabila]] '''Joseph Kabila Kabange''' (abótámi [[1971]]) akomaki mokambi-ekolo [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] nàkolanda tata wa ye, [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]], mokambi-ekolo oyo akutaki liwa na loboko wa garde-du-corps waye, na Janvier [[2001]]. Na kimokonzi na ye, azali komeka kosilisa bitumba, mpe kobimisa mapinzo ya bisé mosusu olibanda ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa. Nàkolanda siniatire ya mokanda ya kimia, bulamatari ya sika, pona eyángeli ekolo pona mbula mibale, ekelamaki na [[2003]], mpe okati wango bakotaki bakambi ya mapinzo mibale ya makasi koleka, oyo basilikelaki bulamatari, to mpe barebɛl; bango bakotaki na kimokonzi lokola bakambi-babale, elongo na moto moko pona parti ya mokambi-ekolo, mpe moto mosusu pona bato oyo bakeseni na politiki ya parti oyo ezali na kimokonzi, kasi baselalaka minduki te (mingi-mingi babengami [[opozision]]). Mokanda ya mibeko-mokonzi to mpe konstitision elobi ete maponeli likosalema liboso ya 30 Yuni ya 2006. On [[March 28]], [[2004]], a coup attempt or mutiny around the capital [[Kinshasa]], allegedly organized by supporters of the late president [[Mobutu Sese Seko]], failed. On [[June 11]], 2004, coup plotters led by Major [[Eric Lenge]] attempted to take power, declaring that the country's peace process was not working, but were defeated by loyalist troops. Kabila abundaki na mapinzo ya barebɛl ya tata wa ye, nà bitumba oyo ememaki wa ye tata o kimokonzi. Alandaki kelasi ya mapinzo okati ya mapinzo ya [[Uganda]] mpe ya [[Rwanda]]. Asalaki na misala mingi okati o bulamatari liboso ya kozala mokambi-ekolo, lokola oyo ya General-Major mpe Mokambi-lisanga ya Mapinzo ya mabele ya ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa, esika oyo a kambaki basoda o ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa na bitumba ná barebɛl, obanda 1998. Kasi bato mingi bakanisaki ete ye azalaki na manso makokí te pona mosala ya mokambi-ekolo, na ntango alandaki tata wa ye [[Laurent Kabila]] na kimokonzi. ==Mankásá olibanda Wikipedia== *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1076399.stm BBC Country Profile]* 6043 2005-08-29T19:55:26Z Themalau 22 [[category:Moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] [[en:Joseph Kabila]][[fr:Joseph Kabila]][[es:Joseph Kabila]][[kg:Joseph Kabila]][[sw:Joseph Kabila]] {{ndambo}} [[Image:Joseph_kabila.jpg|270px|thumb|Joseph Kabila]] '''Joseph Kabila Kabange''' (abótámi [[1971]]) akomaki mokambi-ekolo [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] nàkolanda tata wa ye, [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]], mokambi-ekolo oyo akutaki liwa na loboko wa garde-du-corps waye, na Janvier [[2001]]. Na kimokonzi na ye, azali komeka kosilisa bitumba, mpe kobimisa mapinzo ya bisé mosusu olibanda ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa. Nàkolanda siniatire ya mokanda ya kimia, bulamatari ya sika, pona eyángeli ekolo pona mbula mibale, ekelamaki na [[2003]], mpe okati wango bakotaki bakambi ya mapinzo mibale ya makasi koleka, oyo basilikelaki bulamatari, to mpe barebɛl; bango bakotaki na kimokonzi lokola bakambi-babale, elongo na moto moko pona parti ya mokambi-ekolo, mpe moto mosusu pona bato oyo bakeseni na politiki ya parti oyo ezali na kimokonzi, kasi baselalaka minduki te (mingi-mingi babengami [[opozision]]). Mokanda ya mibeko-mokonzi to mpe konstitision elobi ete maponeli likosalema liboso ya 30 Yuni ya 2006. On [[March 28]], [[2004]], a coup attempt or mutiny around the capital [[Kinshasa]], allegedly organized by supporters of the late president [[Mobutu Sese Seko]], failed. On [[June 11]], 2004, coup plotters led by Major [[Eric Lenge]] attempted to take power, declaring that the country's peace process was not working, but were defeated by loyalist troops. Kabila abundaki na mapinzo ya barebɛl ya tata wa ye, nà bitumba oyo ememaki wa ye tata o kimokonzi. Alandaki kelasi ya mapinzo okati ya mapinzo ya [[Uganda]] mpe ya [[Rwanda]]. Asalaki na misala mingi okati o bulamatari liboso ya kozala mokambi-ekolo, lokola oyo ya General-Major mpe Mokambi-lisanga ya Mapinzo ya mabele ya ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa, esika oyo a kambaki basoda o ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa na bitumba ná barebɛl, obanda 1998. Kasi bato mingi bakanisaki ete ye azalaki na manso makokí te pona mosala ya mokambi-ekolo, na ntango alandaki tata wa ye [[Laurent Kabila]] na kimokonzi. ==Mankásá olibanda Wikipedia== *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1076399.stm BBC Country Profile]* 6083 2005-09-01T17:29:35Z 160.85.2.50 [[category:Moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] [[Category:Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)]] [[en:Joseph Kabila]][[fr:Joseph Kabila]][[es:Joseph Kabila]][[kg:Joseph Kabila]][[sw:Joseph Kabila]] {{ndambo}} [[Image:Joseph_kabila.jpg|270px|thumb|Joseph Kabila]] '''Joseph Kabila Kabange''' (abótámi [[1971]]) akomaki mokambi-ekolo [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] nàkolanda tata wa ye, [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]], mokambi-ekolo oyo akutaki liwa na loboko wa garde-du-corps waye, na Janvier [[2001]]. Na kimokonzi na ye, azali komeka kosilisa bitumba, mpe kobimisa mapinzo ya bisé mosusu olibanda ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa. Nàkolanda siniatire ya mokanda ya kimia, bulamatari ya sika, pona eyángeli ekolo pona mbula mibale, ekelamaki na [[2003]], mpe okati wango bakotaki bakambi ya mapinzo mibale ya makasi koleka, oyo basilikelaki bulamatari, to mpe barebɛl; bango bakotaki na kimokonzi lokola bakambi-babale, elongo na moto moko pona parti ya mokambi-ekolo, mpe moto mosusu pona bato oyo bakeseni na politiki ya parti oyo ezali na kimokonzi, kasi baselalaka minduki te (mingi-mingi babengami [[opozision]]). Mokanda ya mibeko-mokonzi to mpe konstitision elobi ete maponeli likosalema liboso ya 30 Yuni ya 2006. On [[March 28]], [[2004]], a coup attempt or mutiny around the capital [[Kinshasa]], allegedly organized by supporters of the late president [[Mobutu Sese Seko]], failed. On [[June 11]], 2004, coup plotters led by Major [[Eric Lenge]] attempted to take power, declaring that the country's peace process was not working, but were defeated by loyalist troops. Kabila abundaki na mapinzo ya barebɛl ya tata wa ye, nà bitumba oyo ememaki wa ye tata o kimokonzi. Alandaki kelasi ya mapinzo okati ya mapinzo ya [[Uganda]] mpe ya [[Rwanda]]. Asalaki na misala mingi okati o bulamatari liboso ya kozala mokambi-ekolo, lokola oyo ya General-Major mpe Mokambi-lisanga ya Mapinzo ya mabele ya ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa, esika oyo a kambaki basoda o ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa na bitumba ná barebɛl, obanda 1998. Kasi bato mingi bakanisaki ete ye azalaki na manso makokí te pona mosala ya mokambi-ekolo, na ntango alandaki tata wa ye [[Laurent Kabila]] na kimokonzi. ==Mankásá olibanda Wikipedia== *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1076399.stm BBC Country Profile]* 6086 2005-09-01T17:38:45Z 160.85.2.50 /* Mankásá olibanda Wikipedia */ [[category:Moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] [[Category:Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)]] [[en:Joseph Kabila]][[fr:Joseph Kabila]][[es:Joseph Kabila]][[kg:Joseph Kabila]][[sw:Joseph Kabila]] {{ndambo}} [[Image:Joseph_kabila.jpg|270px|thumb|Joseph Kabila]] '''Joseph Kabila Kabange''' (abótámi [[1971]]) akomaki mokambi-ekolo [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] nàkolanda tata wa ye, [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]], mokambi-ekolo oyo akutaki liwa na loboko wa garde-du-corps waye, na Janvier [[2001]]. Na kimokonzi na ye, azali komeka kosilisa bitumba, mpe kobimisa mapinzo ya bisé mosusu olibanda ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa. Nàkolanda siniatire ya mokanda ya kimia, bulamatari ya sika, pona eyángeli ekolo pona mbula mibale, ekelamaki na [[2003]], mpe okati wango bakotaki bakambi ya mapinzo mibale ya makasi koleka, oyo basilikelaki bulamatari, to mpe barebɛl; bango bakotaki na kimokonzi lokola bakambi-babale, elongo na moto moko pona parti ya mokambi-ekolo, mpe moto mosusu pona bato oyo bakeseni na politiki ya parti oyo ezali na kimokonzi, kasi baselalaka minduki te (mingi-mingi babengami [[opozision]]). Mokanda ya mibeko-mokonzi to mpe konstitision elobi ete maponeli likosalema liboso ya 30 Yuni ya 2006. On [[March 28]], [[2004]], a coup attempt or mutiny around the capital [[Kinshasa]], allegedly organized by supporters of the late president [[Mobutu Sese Seko]], failed. On [[June 11]], 2004, coup plotters led by Major [[Eric Lenge]] attempted to take power, declaring that the country's peace process was not working, but were defeated by loyalist troops. Kabila abundaki na mapinzo ya barebɛl ya tata wa ye, nà bitumba oyo ememaki wa ye tata o kimokonzi. Alandaki kelasi ya mapinzo okati ya mapinzo ya [[Uganda]] mpe ya [[Rwanda]]. Asalaki na misala mingi okati o bulamatari liboso ya kozala mokambi-ekolo, lokola oyo ya General-Major mpe Mokambi-lisanga ya Mapinzo ya mabele ya ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa, esika oyo a kambaki basoda o ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa na bitumba ná barebɛl, obanda 1998. Kasi bato mingi bakanisaki ete ye azalaki na manso makokí te pona mosala ya mokambi-ekolo, na ntango alandaki tata wa ye [[Laurent Kabila]] na kimokonzi. ==Mankásá olibanda Wikipedia== * voir aussi [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)]] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1076399.stm BBC Country Profile]* 6290 2005-09-24T16:56:56Z Moyogo 11 -en [[category:Moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] [[Category:Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)]] [[en:Joseph Kabila]][[fr:Joseph Kabila]][[es:Joseph Kabila]][[kg:Joseph Kabila]][[sw:Joseph Kabila]] {{ndambo}} [[Image:Joseph_kabila.jpg|270px|thumb|Joseph Kabila]] '''Joseph Kabila Kabange''' (abótámi [[1971]]) akomaki mokambi-ekolo [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] nàkolanda tata wa ye, [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]], mokambi-ekolo oyo akutaki liwa na loboko wa garde-du-corps waye, na Janvier [[2001]]. Na kimokonzi na ye, azali komeka kosilisa bitumba, mpe kobimisa mapinzo ya bisé mosusu olibanda ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa. Nàkolanda siniatire ya mokanda ya kimia, bulamatari ya sika, pona eyángeli ekolo pona mbula mibale, ekelamaki na [[2003]], mpe okati wango bakotaki bakambi ya mapinzo mibale ya makasi koleka, oyo basilikelaki bulamatari, to mpe barebɛl; bango bakotaki na kimokonzi lokola bakambi-babale, elongo na moto moko pona parti ya mokambi-ekolo, mpe moto mosusu pona bato oyo bakeseni na politiki ya parti oyo ezali na kimokonzi, kasi baselalaka minduki te (mingi-mingi babengami [[opozision]]). Mokanda ya mibeko-mokonzi to mpe konstitision elobi ete maponeli likosalema liboso ya 30 Yuni ya 2006. <!-- On [[March 28]], [[2004]], a coup attempt or mutiny around the capital [[Kinshasa]], allegedly organized by supporters of the late president [[Mobutu Sese Seko]], failed. On [[June 11]], 2004, coup plotters led by Major [[Eric Lenge]] attempted to take power, declaring that the country's peace process was not working, but were defeated by loyalist troops. --> Kabila abundaki na mapinzo ya barebɛl ya tata wa ye, nà bitumba oyo ememaki wa ye tata o kimokonzi. Alandaki kelasi ya mapinzo okati ya mapinzo ya [[Uganda]] mpe ya [[Rwanda]]. Asalaki na misala mingi okati o bulamatari liboso ya kozala mokambi-ekolo, lokola oyo ya General-Major mpe Mokambi-lisanga ya Mapinzo ya mabele ya ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa, esika oyo a kambaki basoda o ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa na bitumba ná barebɛl, obanda 1998. Kasi bato mingi bakanisaki ete ye azalaki na manso makokí te pona mosala ya mokambi-ekolo, na ntango alandaki tata wa ye [[Laurent Kabila]] na kimokonzi. == Tála mpé == * [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)]] == Nkásá olibanda Wikipedia == * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1076399.stm BBC Country Profile]* 7207 2005-12-05T21:36:47Z Moyogo 11 Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki [[category:Moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] [[Category:Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[en:Joseph Kabila]][[fr:Joseph Kabila]][[es:Joseph Kabila]][[kg:Joseph Kabila]][[sw:Joseph Kabila]] {{ndambo}} [[Image:Joseph_kabila.jpg|270px|thumb|Joseph Kabila]] '''Joseph Kabila Kabange''' (abótámi [[1971]]) akomaki mokambi-ekolo [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] nàkolanda tata wa ye, [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]], mokambi-ekolo oyo akutaki liwa na loboko wa garde-du-corps waye, na Janvier [[2001]]. Na kimokonzi na ye, azali komeka kosilisa bitumba, mpe kobimisa mapinzo ya bisé mosusu olibanda ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa. Nàkolanda siniatire ya mokanda ya kimia, bulamatari ya sika, pona eyángeli ekolo pona mbula mibale, ekelamaki na [[2003]], mpe okati wango bakotaki bakambi ya mapinzo mibale ya makasi koleka, oyo basilikelaki bulamatari, to mpe barebɛl; bango bakotaki na kimokonzi lokola bakambi-babale, elongo na moto moko pona parti ya mokambi-ekolo, mpe moto mosusu pona bato oyo bakeseni na politiki ya parti oyo ezali na kimokonzi, kasi baselalaka minduki te (mingi-mingi babengami [[opozision]]). Mokanda ya mibeko-mokonzi to mpe konstitision elobi ete maponeli likosalema liboso ya 30 Yuni ya 2006. <!-- On [[March 28]], [[2004]], a coup attempt or mutiny around the capital [[Kinshasa]], allegedly organized by supporters of the late president [[Mobutu Sese Seko]], failed. On [[June 11]], 2004, coup plotters led by Major [[Eric Lenge]] attempted to take power, declaring that the country's peace process was not working, but were defeated by loyalist troops. --> Kabila abundaki na mapinzo ya barebɛl ya tata wa ye, nà bitumba oyo ememaki wa ye tata o kimokonzi. Alandaki kelasi ya mapinzo okati ya mapinzo ya [[Uganda]] mpe ya [[Rwanda]]. Asalaki na misala mingi okati o bulamatari liboso ya kozala mokambi-ekolo, lokola oyo ya General-Major mpe Mokambi-lisanga ya Mapinzo ya mabele ya ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa, esika oyo a kambaki basoda o ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa na bitumba ná barebɛl, obanda 1998. Kasi bato mingi bakanisaki ete ye azalaki na manso makokí te pona mosala ya mokambi-ekolo, na ntango alandaki tata wa ye [[Laurent Kabila]] na kimokonzi. == Tála mpé == * [[Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] == Nkásá olibanda Wikipedia == * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1076399.stm BBC Country Profile]* 7324 2005-12-13T13:11:41Z 160.85.2.50 [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[en:Joseph Kabila]][[fr:Joseph Kabila]][[es:Joseph Kabila]][[kg:Joseph Kabila]][[sw:Joseph Kabila]] {{ndambo}} [[Image:Joseph_kabila.jpg|270px|thumb|Joseph Kabila]] '''Joseph Kabila Kabange''' (abótámi [[1971]]) akomaki mokambi-ekolo [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] nàkolanda tata wa ye, [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]], mokambi-ekolo oyo akutaki liwa na loboko wa garde-du-corps waye, na Janvier [[2001]]. Na kimokonzi na ye, azali komeka kosilisa bitumba, mpe kobimisa mapinzo ya bisé mosusu olibanda ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa. Nàkolanda siniatire ya mokanda ya kimia, bulamatari ya sika, pona eyángeli ekolo pona mbula mibale, ekelamaki na [[2003]], mpe okati wango bakotaki bakambi ya mapinzo mibale ya makasi koleka, oyo basilikelaki bulamatari, to mpe barebɛl; bango bakotaki na kimokonzi lokola bakambi-babale, elongo na moto moko pona parti ya mokambi-ekolo, mpe moto mosusu pona bato oyo bakeseni na politiki ya parti oyo ezali na kimokonzi, kasi baselalaka minduki te (mingi-mingi babengami [[opozision]]). Mokanda ya mibeko-mokonzi to mpe konstitision elobi ete maponeli likosalema liboso ya 30 Yuni ya 2006. <!-- On [[March 28]], [[2004]], a coup attempt or mutiny around the capital [[Kinshasa]], allegedly organized by supporters of the late president [[Mobutu Sese Seko]], failed. On [[June 11]], 2004, coup plotters led by Major [[Eric Lenge]] attempted to take power, declaring that the country's peace process was not working, but were defeated by loyalist troops. --> Kabila abundaki na mapinzo ya barebɛl ya tata wa ye, nà bitumba oyo ememaki wa ye tata o kimokonzi. Alandaki kelasi ya mapinzo okati ya mapinzo ya [[Uganda]] mpe ya [[Rwanda]]. Asalaki na misala mingi okati o bulamatari liboso ya kozala mokambi-ekolo, lokola oyo ya General-Major mpe Mokambi-lisanga ya Mapinzo ya mabele ya ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa, esika oyo a kambaki basoda o ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa na bitumba ná barebɛl, obanda 1998. Kasi bato mingi bakanisaki ete ye azalaki na manso makokí te pona mosala ya mokambi-ekolo, na ntango alandaki tata wa ye [[Laurent Kabila]] na kimokonzi. == Tála mpé == * [[Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] == Nkásá olibanda Wikipedia == * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1076399.stm BBC Country Profile]* 7960 2006-04-05T04:46:33Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: de, fi, gl, id, ja, ko, nl, pl, sv, zh [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] {{ndambo}} [[Image:Joseph_kabila.jpg|270px|thumb|Joseph Kabila]] '''Joseph Kabila Kabange''' (abótámi [[1971]]) akomaki mokambi-ekolo [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] nàkolanda tata wa ye, [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]], mokambi-ekolo oyo akutaki liwa na loboko wa garde-du-corps waye, na Janvier [[2001]]. Na kimokonzi na ye, azali komeka kosilisa bitumba, mpe kobimisa mapinzo ya bisé mosusu olibanda ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa. Nàkolanda siniatire ya mokanda ya kimia, bulamatari ya sika, pona eyángeli ekolo pona mbula mibale, ekelamaki na [[2003]], mpe okati wango bakotaki bakambi ya mapinzo mibale ya makasi koleka, oyo basilikelaki bulamatari, to mpe barebɛl; bango bakotaki na kimokonzi lokola bakambi-babale, elongo na moto moko pona parti ya mokambi-ekolo, mpe moto mosusu pona bato oyo bakeseni na politiki ya parti oyo ezali na kimokonzi, kasi baselalaka minduki te (mingi-mingi babengami [[opozision]]). Mokanda ya mibeko-mokonzi to mpe konstitision elobi ete maponeli likosalema liboso ya 30 Yuni ya 2006. <!-- On [[March 28]], [[2004]], a coup attempt or mutiny around the capital [[Kinshasa]], allegedly organized by supporters of the late president [[Mobutu Sese Seko]], failed. On [[June 11]], 2004, coup plotters led by Major [[Eric Lenge]] attempted to take power, declaring that the country's peace process was not working, but were defeated by loyalist troops. --> Kabila abundaki na mapinzo ya barebɛl ya tata wa ye, nà bitumba oyo ememaki wa ye tata o kimokonzi. Alandaki kelasi ya mapinzo okati ya mapinzo ya [[Uganda]] mpe ya [[Rwanda]]. Asalaki na misala mingi okati o bulamatari liboso ya kozala mokambi-ekolo, lokola oyo ya General-Major mpe Mokambi-lisanga ya Mapinzo ya mabele ya ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa, esika oyo a kambaki basoda o ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa na bitumba ná barebɛl, obanda 1998. Kasi bato mingi bakanisaki ete ye azalaki na manso makokí te pona mosala ya mokambi-ekolo, na ntango alandaki tata wa ye [[Laurent Kabila]] na kimokonzi. == Tála mpé == * [[Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] == Nkásá olibanda Wikipedia == * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1076399.stm BBC Country Profile]* [[de:Joseph Kabila]] [[en:Joseph Kabila]] [[es:Joseph Kabila]] [[fi:Joseph Kabila]] [[fr:Joseph Kabila]] [[gl:Joseph Kabila]] [[id:Joseph Kabila]] [[ja:ジョゼフ・カビラ]] [[kg:Joseph Kabila]] [[ko:조제프 카빌라]] [[nl:Joseph Kabila]] [[pl:Joseph Kabila]] [[sv:Joseph Kabila]] [[sw:Joseph Kabila]] [[zh:约瑟夫·卡比拉]] 8255 2006-05-28T10:24:15Z 217.87.2.127 +[[pt:Joseph Kabila]] [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] {{ndambo}} [[Image:Joseph_kabila.jpg|270px|thumb|Joseph Kabila]] '''Joseph Kabila Kabange''' (abótámi [[1971]]) akomaki mokambi-ekolo [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] nàkolanda tata wa ye, [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]], mokambi-ekolo oyo akutaki liwa na loboko wa garde-du-corps waye, na Janvier [[2001]]. Na kimokonzi na ye, azali komeka kosilisa bitumba, mpe kobimisa mapinzo ya bisé mosusu olibanda ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa. Nàkolanda siniatire ya mokanda ya kimia, bulamatari ya sika, pona eyángeli ekolo pona mbula mibale, ekelamaki na [[2003]], mpe okati wango bakotaki bakambi ya mapinzo mibale ya makasi koleka, oyo basilikelaki bulamatari, to mpe barebɛl; bango bakotaki na kimokonzi lokola bakambi-babale, elongo na moto moko pona parti ya mokambi-ekolo, mpe moto mosusu pona bato oyo bakeseni na politiki ya parti oyo ezali na kimokonzi, kasi baselalaka minduki te (mingi-mingi babengami [[opozision]]). Mokanda ya mibeko-mokonzi to mpe konstitision elobi ete maponeli likosalema liboso ya 30 Yuni ya 2006. <!-- On [[March 28]], [[2004]], a coup attempt or mutiny around the capital [[Kinshasa]], allegedly organized by supporters of the late president [[Mobutu Sese Seko]], failed. On [[June 11]], 2004, coup plotters led by Major [[Eric Lenge]] attempted to take power, declaring that the country's peace process was not working, but were defeated by loyalist troops. --> Kabila abundaki na mapinzo ya barebɛl ya tata wa ye, nà bitumba oyo ememaki wa ye tata o kimokonzi. Alandaki kelasi ya mapinzo okati ya mapinzo ya [[Uganda]] mpe ya [[Rwanda]]. Asalaki na misala mingi okati o bulamatari liboso ya kozala mokambi-ekolo, lokola oyo ya General-Major mpe Mokambi-lisanga ya Mapinzo ya mabele ya ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa, esika oyo a kambaki basoda o ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa na bitumba ná barebɛl, obanda 1998. Kasi bato mingi bakanisaki ete ye azalaki na manso makokí te pona mosala ya mokambi-ekolo, na ntango alandaki tata wa ye [[Laurent Kabila]] na kimokonzi. == Tála mpé == * [[Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] == Nkásá olibanda Wikipedia == * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1076399.stm BBC Country Profile]* [[de:Joseph Kabila]] [[en:Joseph Kabila]] [[es:Joseph Kabila]] [[fi:Joseph Kabila]] [[fr:Joseph Kabila]] [[gl:Joseph Kabila]] [[id:Joseph Kabila]] [[ja:ジョゼフ・カビラ]] [[kg:Joseph Kabila]] [[ko:조제프 카빌라]] [[nl:Joseph Kabila]] [[pl:Joseph Kabila]] [[pt:Joseph Kabila]] [[sv:Joseph Kabila]] [[sw:Joseph Kabila]] [[zh:约瑟夫·卡比拉]] 8256 2006-05-28T10:25:39Z 217.87.2.127 -sw: [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] {{ndambo}} [[Image:Joseph_kabila.jpg|270px|thumb|Joseph Kabila]] '''Joseph Kabila Kabange''' (abótámi [[1971]]) akomaki mokambi-ekolo [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] nàkolanda tata wa ye, [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]], mokambi-ekolo oyo akutaki liwa na loboko wa garde-du-corps waye, na Janvier [[2001]]. Na kimokonzi na ye, azali komeka kosilisa bitumba, mpe kobimisa mapinzo ya bisé mosusu olibanda ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa. Nàkolanda siniatire ya mokanda ya kimia, bulamatari ya sika, pona eyángeli ekolo pona mbula mibale, ekelamaki na [[2003]], mpe okati wango bakotaki bakambi ya mapinzo mibale ya makasi koleka, oyo basilikelaki bulamatari, to mpe barebɛl; bango bakotaki na kimokonzi lokola bakambi-babale, elongo na moto moko pona parti ya mokambi-ekolo, mpe moto mosusu pona bato oyo bakeseni na politiki ya parti oyo ezali na kimokonzi, kasi baselalaka minduki te (mingi-mingi babengami [[opozision]]). Mokanda ya mibeko-mokonzi to mpe konstitision elobi ete maponeli likosalema liboso ya 30 Yuni ya 2006. <!-- On [[March 28]], [[2004]], a coup attempt or mutiny around the capital [[Kinshasa]], allegedly organized by supporters of the late president [[Mobutu Sese Seko]], failed. On [[June 11]], 2004, coup plotters led by Major [[Eric Lenge]] attempted to take power, declaring that the country's peace process was not working, but were defeated by loyalist troops. --> Kabila abundaki na mapinzo ya barebɛl ya tata wa ye, nà bitumba oyo ememaki wa ye tata o kimokonzi. Alandaki kelasi ya mapinzo okati ya mapinzo ya [[Uganda]] mpe ya [[Rwanda]]. Asalaki na misala mingi okati o bulamatari liboso ya kozala mokambi-ekolo, lokola oyo ya General-Major mpe Mokambi-lisanga ya Mapinzo ya mabele ya ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa, esika oyo a kambaki basoda o ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa na bitumba ná barebɛl, obanda 1998. Kasi bato mingi bakanisaki ete ye azalaki na manso makokí te pona mosala ya mokambi-ekolo, na ntango alandaki tata wa ye [[Laurent Kabila]] na kimokonzi. == Tála mpé == * [[Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] == Nkásá olibanda Wikipedia == * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1076399.stm BBC Country Profile]* [[de:Joseph Kabila]] [[en:Joseph Kabila]] [[es:Joseph Kabila]] [[fi:Joseph Kabila]] [[fr:Joseph Kabila]] [[gl:Joseph Kabila]] [[id:Joseph Kabila]] [[ja:ジョゼフ・カビラ]] [[kg:Joseph Kabila]] [[ko:조제프 카빌라]] [[nl:Joseph Kabila]] [[pl:Joseph Kabila]] [[pt:Joseph Kabila]] [[sv:Joseph Kabila]] [[zh:约瑟夫·卡比拉]] 8281 2006-05-29T09:49:53Z Moyogo 11 [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] {{ndambo}} [[Image:Joseph_kabila.jpg|270px|thumb|Joseph Kabila]] '''Joseph Kabila Kabange''' (abótámi [[1971]]) akomaki mokambi-ekolo [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] nàkolanda tata wa ye, [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]], mokambi-ekolo oyo akutaki liwa na loboko wa garde-du-corps waye, na Janvier [[2001]]. Na kimokonzi na ye, azali komeka kosilisa bitumba, mpe kobimisa mapinzo ya bisé mosusu olibanda ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa. Nàkolanda siniatire ya mokanda ya kimia, bulamatari ya sika, pona eyángeli ekolo pona mbula mibale, ekelamaki na [[2003]], mpe okati wango bakotaki bakambi ya mapinzo mibale ya makasi koleka, oyo basilikelaki bulamatari, to mpe barebɛl; bango bakotaki na kimokonzi lokola bakambi-babale, elongo na moto moko pona parti ya mokambi-ekolo, mpe moto mosusu pona bato oyo bakeseni na politiki ya parti oyo ezali na kimokonzi, kasi baselalaka minduki te (mingi-mingi babengami [[opozision]]). Mokanda ya mibeko-mokonzi to mpe konstitision elobi ete maponeli likosalema liboso ya 30 Yuni ya 2006. <!-- On [[March 28]], [[2004]], a coup attempt or mutiny around the capital [[Kinshasa]], allegedly organized by supporters of the late president [[Mobutu Sese Seko]], failed. On [[June 11]], 2004, coup plotters led by Major [[Eric Lenge]] attempted to take power, declaring that the country's peace process was not working, but were defeated by loyalist troops. --> Kabila abundaki na mapinzo ya barebɛl ya tata wa ye, nà bitumba oyo ememaki wa ye tata o kimokonzi. Alandaki kelasi ya mapinzo okati ya mapinzo ya [[Uganda]] mpe ya [[Rwanda]]. Asalaki na misala mingi okati o bulamatari liboso ya kozala mokambi-ekolo, lokola oyo ya General-Major mpe Mokambi-lisanga ya Mapinzo ya mabele ya ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa, esika oyo a kambaki basoda o ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa na bitumba ná barebɛl, obanda 1998. Kasi bato mingi bakanisaki ete ye azalaki na manso makokí te pona mosala ya mokambi-ekolo, na ntango alandaki tata wa ye [[Laurent Kabila]] na kimokonzi. == Tála mpé == * [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] == Nkásá olibanda Wikipedia == * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1076399.stm BBC Country Profile]* [[de:Joseph Kabila]] [[en:Joseph Kabila]] [[es:Joseph Kabila]] [[fi:Joseph Kabila]] [[fr:Joseph Kabila]] [[gl:Joseph Kabila]] [[id:Joseph Kabila]] [[ja:ジョゼフ・カビラ]] [[kg:Joseph Kabila]] [[ko:조제프 카빌라]] [[nl:Joseph Kabila]] [[pl:Joseph Kabila]] [[pt:Joseph Kabila]] [[sv:Joseph Kabila]] [[zh:约瑟夫·卡比拉]] 8400 2006-06-13T23:53:19Z Moyogo 11 [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] {{ndambo}} [[Image:Joseph_kabila.jpg|270px|thumb|Joseph Kabila]] '''Joseph {{smcp|Kabila}} Kabange''' (abótámi [[1971]]) akomaki mokambi-ekolo [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] nàkolanda tata wa ye, [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]], mokambi-ekolo oyo akutaki liwa na loboko wa garde-du-corps waye, na Janvier [[2001]]. Na kimokonzi na ye, azali komeka kosilisa bitumba, mpe kobimisa mapinzo ya bisé mosusu olibanda ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa. Nàkolanda siniatire ya mokanda ya kimia, bulamatari ya sika, pona eyángeli ekolo pona mbula mibale, ekelamaki na [[2003]], mpe okati wango bakotaki bakambi ya mapinzo mibale ya makasi koleka, oyo basilikelaki bulamatari, to mpe barebɛl; bango bakotaki na kimokonzi lokola bakambi-babale, elongo na moto moko pona parti ya mokambi-ekolo, mpe moto mosusu pona bato oyo bakeseni na politiki ya parti oyo ezali na kimokonzi, kasi baselalaka minduki te (mingi-mingi babengami [[opozision]]). Mokanda ya mibeko-mokonzi to mpe konstitision elobi ete maponeli likosalema liboso ya 30 Yuni ya 2006. <!-- On [[March 28]], [[2004]], a coup attempt or mutiny around the capital [[Kinshasa]], allegedly organized by supporters of the late president [[Mobutu Sese Seko]], failed. On [[June 11]], 2004, coup plotters led by Major [[Eric Lenge]] attempted to take power, declaring that the country's peace process was not working, but were defeated by loyalist troops. --> Kabila abundaki na mapinzo ya barebɛl ya tata wa ye, nà bitumba oyo ememaki wa ye tata o kimokonzi. Alandaki kelasi ya mapinzo okati ya mapinzo ya [[Uganda]] mpe ya [[Rwanda]]. Asalaki na misala mingi okati o bulamatari liboso ya kozala mokambi-ekolo, lokola oyo ya General-Major mpe Mokambi-lisanga ya Mapinzo ya mabele ya ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa, esika oyo a kambaki basoda o ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa na bitumba ná barebɛl, obanda 1998. Kasi bato mingi bakanisaki ete ye azalaki na manso makokí te pona mosala ya mokambi-ekolo, na ntango alandaki tata wa ye [[Laurent Kabila]] na kimokonzi. == Tála mpé == * [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] == Nkásá olibanda Wikipedia == * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1076399.stm BBC Country Profile]* [[de:Joseph Kabila]] [[en:Joseph Kabila]] [[es:Joseph Kabila]] [[fi:Joseph Kabila]] [[fr:Joseph Kabila]] [[gl:Joseph Kabila]] [[id:Joseph Kabila]] [[ja:ジョゼフ・カビラ]] [[kg:Joseph Kabila]] [[ko:조제프 카빌라]] [[nl:Joseph Kabila]] [[pl:Joseph Kabila]] [[pt:Joseph Kabila]] [[sv:Joseph Kabila]] [[zh:约瑟夫·卡比拉]] 8414 2006-06-14T11:25:10Z Moyogo 11 [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] {{ndambo}} [[Image:Joseph_kabila.jpg|270px|thumb|Joseph Kabila]] '''Joseph {{smcp|Kabila}} Kabange''' (abótámi [[1971]]) akomaki mokambi-ekolo [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] nàkolanda tata wa ye, [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]], [[mokambi-ekólo]] óyo akutaki liwa na loboko wa garde-du-corps waye, na Janvier [[2001]]. Na kimokonzi na ye, azali komeka kosilisa bitumba, mpe kobimisa mapinzo ya bisé mosusu olibanda ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa. Nàkolanda siniatire ya mokanda ya kimia, bulamatari ya sika, pona eyángeli ekolo pona mbula mibale, ekelamaki na [[2003]], mpe okati wango bakotaki bakambi ya mapinzo mibale ya makasi koleka, oyo basilikelaki bulamatari, to mpe barebɛl; bango bakotaki na kimokonzi lokola bakambi-babale, elongo na moto moko pona parti ya mokambi-ekolo, mpe moto mosusu pona bato oyo bakeseni na politiki ya parti oyo ezali na kimokonzi, kasi baselalaka minduki te (mingi-mingi babengami [[opozision]]). Mokanda ya mibeko-mokonzi to mpe konstitision elobi ete maponeli likosalema liboso ya 30 Yuni ya 2006. <!-- On [[March 28]], [[2004]], a coup attempt or mutiny around the capital [[Kinshasa]], allegedly organized by supporters of the late president [[Mobutu Sese Seko]], failed. On [[June 11]], 2004, coup plotters led by Major [[Eric Lenge]] attempted to take power, declaring that the country's peace process was not working, but were defeated by loyalist troops. --> Kabila abundaki na mapinzo ya barebɛl ya tata wa ye, nà bitumba oyo ememaki wa ye tata o kimokonzi. Alandaki kelasi ya mapinzo okati ya mapinzo ya [[Uganda]] mpe ya [[Rwanda]]. Asalaki na misala mingi okati o bulamatari liboso ya kozala mokambi-ekolo, lokola oyo ya General-Major mpe Mokambi-lisanga ya Mapinzo ya mabele ya ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa, esika oyo a kambaki basoda o ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa na bitumba ná barebɛl, obanda 1998. Kasi bato mingi bakanisaki ete ye azalaki na manso makokí te pona mosala ya mokambi-ekolo, na ntango alandaki tata wa ye [[Laurent Kabila]] na kimokonzi. == Tála mpé == * [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] == Nkásá olibanda Wikipedia == * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1076399.stm BBC Country Profile]* [[de:Joseph Kabila]] [[en:Joseph Kabila]] [[es:Joseph Kabila]] [[fi:Joseph Kabila]] [[fr:Joseph Kabila]] [[gl:Joseph Kabila]] [[id:Joseph Kabila]] [[ja:ジョゼフ・カビラ]] [[kg:Joseph Kabila]] [[ko:조제프 카빌라]] [[nl:Joseph Kabila]] [[pl:Joseph Kabila]] [[pt:Joseph Kabila]] [[sv:Joseph Kabila]] [[zh:约瑟夫·卡比拉]] 8416 2006-06-14T11:25:47Z Moyogo 11 [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] {{ndambo}} [[Image:Joseph_kabila.jpg|270px|thumb|Joseph Kabila]] '''Joseph {{smcp|Kabila}} Kabange''' (abótámi [[1971]]) akomaki mokambi-ekolo [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] nàkolanda tata wa ye, [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]], [[Mokambi-Ekólo]] óyo akutaki liwa na loboko wa garde-du-corps waye, na Janvier [[2001]]. Na kimokonzi na ye, azali komeka kosilisa bitumba, mpe kobimisa mapinzo ya bisé mosusu olibanda ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa. Nàkolanda siniatire ya mokanda ya kimia, bulamatari ya sika, pona eyángeli ekolo pona mbula mibale, ekelamaki na [[2003]], mpe okati wango bakotaki bakambi ya mapinzo mibale ya makasi koleka, oyo basilikelaki bulamatari, to mpe barebɛl; bango bakotaki na kimokonzi lokola bakambi-babale, elongo na moto moko pona parti ya mokambi-ekolo, mpe moto mosusu pona bato oyo bakeseni na politiki ya parti oyo ezali na kimokonzi, kasi baselalaka minduki te (mingi-mingi babengami [[opozision]]). Mokanda ya mibeko-mokonzi to mpe konstitision elobi ete maponeli likosalema liboso ya 30 Yuni ya 2006. <!-- On [[March 28]], [[2004]], a coup attempt or mutiny around the capital [[Kinshasa]], allegedly organized by supporters of the late president [[Mobutu Sese Seko]], failed. On [[June 11]], 2004, coup plotters led by Major [[Eric Lenge]] attempted to take power, declaring that the country's peace process was not working, but were defeated by loyalist troops. --> Kabila abundaki na mapinzo ya barebɛl ya tata wa ye, nà bitumba oyo ememaki wa ye tata o kimokonzi. Alandaki kelasi ya mapinzo okati ya mapinzo ya [[Uganda]] mpe ya [[Rwanda]]. Asalaki na misala mingi okati o bulamatari liboso ya kozala mokambi-ekolo, lokola oyo ya General-Major mpe Mokambi-lisanga ya Mapinzo ya mabele ya ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa, esika oyo a kambaki basoda o ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa na bitumba ná barebɛl, obanda 1998. Kasi bato mingi bakanisaki ete ye azalaki na manso makokí te pona mosala ya mokambi-ekolo, na ntango alandaki tata wa ye [[Laurent Kabila]] na kimokonzi. == Tála mpé == * [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] == Nkásá olibanda Wikipedia == * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1076399.stm BBC Country Profile]* [[de:Joseph Kabila]] [[en:Joseph Kabila]] [[es:Joseph Kabila]] [[fi:Joseph Kabila]] [[fr:Joseph Kabila]] [[gl:Joseph Kabila]] [[id:Joseph Kabila]] [[ja:ジョゼフ・カビラ]] [[kg:Joseph Kabila]] [[ko:조제프 카빌라]] [[nl:Joseph Kabila]] [[pl:Joseph Kabila]] [[pt:Joseph Kabila]] [[sv:Joseph Kabila]] [[zh:约瑟夫·卡比拉]] 8950 2006-07-24T16:00:41Z Bombo 12 [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] {{ndambo}} [[Image:Joseph_kabila.jpg|270px|thumb|Joseph Kabila]] '''Joseph {{smcp|Kabila}} Kabange''' (abótámi [[1971]]) akomaki mokambi-ekolo [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] nàkolanda tata wa ye, [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]], [[Mokambi-Ekólo]] óyo akutaki liwa na loboko wa garde-du-corps waye, na Janvier [[2001]]. Na kimokonzi na ye, azali komeka kosilisa bitumba, mpe kobimisa mapinzo ya bisé mosusu olibanda ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa. Nàkolanda siniatire ya mokanda ya kimia, bulamatari ya sika, pona eyángeli ekolo pona mbula mibale, ekelamaki na [[2003]], mpe okati wango bakotaki bakambi ya mapinzo mibale ya makasi koleka, oyo basilikelaki bulamatari, to mpe barebɛl; bango bakotaki na kimokonzi lokola bakambi-babale, elongo na moto moko pona parti ya mokambi-ekolo, mpe moto mosusu pona bato oyo bakeseni na politiki ya parti oyo ezali na kimokonzi, kasi baselalaka minduki te (mingi-mingi babengami [[opozision]]). Mokanda ya mibeko-mokonzi to mpe konstitision elobi ete maponeli likosalema liboso ya 30 Yuni ya 2006. <!-- On [[March 28]], [[2004]], a coup attempt or mutiny around the capital [[Kinshasa]], allegedly organized by supporters of the late president [[Mobutu Sese Seko]], failed. On [[June 11]], 2004, coup plotters led by Major [[Eric Lenge]] attempted to take power, declaring that the country's peace process was not working, but were defeated by loyalist troops. --> Kabila abundaki na mapinzo ya barebɛl ya tata wa ye, nà bitumba oyo ememaki wa ye tata o kimokonzi. Alandaki kelasi ya mapinzo okati ya mapinzo ya [[Uganda]] mpe ya [[Rwanda]]. Asalaki na misala mingi okati o bulamatari liboso ya kozala mokambi-ekolo, lokola oyo ya General-Major mpe Mokambi-lisanga ya Mapinzo ya mabele ya ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa, esika oyo a kambaki basoda o ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa na bitumba ná barebɛl, obanda 1998. Kasi bato mingi bakanisaki ete ye azalaki na manso makokí te pona mosala ya mokambi-ekolo, na ntango alandaki tata wa ye [[Laurent Kabila]] na kimokonzi. == Tála mpé == * [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] == Nkásá olibanda Wikipedia == * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1076399.stm BBC Country Profile]* {{Mokonzi wa ekólo}} [[de:Joseph Kabila]] [[en:Joseph Kabila]] [[es:Joseph Kabila]] [[fi:Joseph Kabila]] [[fr:Joseph Kabila]] [[gl:Joseph Kabila]] [[id:Joseph Kabila]] [[ja:ジョゼフ・カビラ]] [[kg:Joseph Kabila]] [[ko:조제프 카빌라]] [[nl:Joseph Kabila]] [[pl:Joseph Kabila]] [[pt:Joseph Kabila]] [[sv:Joseph Kabila]] [[zh:约瑟夫·卡比拉]] 9012 2006-08-02T05:46:40Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: [[el:Ζοζέφ Καμπιλά]], [[ro:Joseph Kabila]] [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] {{ndambo}} [[Image:Joseph_kabila.jpg|270px|thumb|Joseph Kabila]] '''Joseph {{smcp|Kabila}} Kabange''' (abótámi [[1971]]) akomaki mokambi-ekolo [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] nàkolanda tata wa ye, [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]], [[Mokambi-Ekólo]] óyo akutaki liwa na loboko wa garde-du-corps waye, na Janvier [[2001]]. Na kimokonzi na ye, azali komeka kosilisa bitumba, mpe kobimisa mapinzo ya bisé mosusu olibanda ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa. Nàkolanda siniatire ya mokanda ya kimia, bulamatari ya sika, pona eyángeli ekolo pona mbula mibale, ekelamaki na [[2003]], mpe okati wango bakotaki bakambi ya mapinzo mibale ya makasi koleka, oyo basilikelaki bulamatari, to mpe barebɛl; bango bakotaki na kimokonzi lokola bakambi-babale, elongo na moto moko pona parti ya mokambi-ekolo, mpe moto mosusu pona bato oyo bakeseni na politiki ya parti oyo ezali na kimokonzi, kasi baselalaka minduki te (mingi-mingi babengami [[opozision]]). Mokanda ya mibeko-mokonzi to mpe konstitision elobi ete maponeli likosalema liboso ya 30 Yuni ya 2006. <!-- On [[March 28]], [[2004]], a coup attempt or mutiny around the capital [[Kinshasa]], allegedly organized by supporters of the late president [[Mobutu Sese Seko]], failed. On [[June 11]], 2004, coup plotters led by Major [[Eric Lenge]] attempted to take power, declaring that the country's peace process was not working, but were defeated by loyalist troops. --> Kabila abundaki na mapinzo ya barebɛl ya tata wa ye, nà bitumba oyo ememaki wa ye tata o kimokonzi. Alandaki kelasi ya mapinzo okati ya mapinzo ya [[Uganda]] mpe ya [[Rwanda]]. Asalaki na misala mingi okati o bulamatari liboso ya kozala mokambi-ekolo, lokola oyo ya General-Major mpe Mokambi-lisanga ya Mapinzo ya mabele ya ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa, esika oyo a kambaki basoda o ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa na bitumba ná barebɛl, obanda 1998. Kasi bato mingi bakanisaki ete ye azalaki na manso makokí te pona mosala ya mokambi-ekolo, na ntango alandaki tata wa ye [[Laurent Kabila]] na kimokonzi. == Tála mpé == * [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] == Nkásá olibanda Wikipedia == * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1076399.stm BBC Country Profile]* {{Mokonzi wa ekólo}} [[de:Joseph Kabila]] [[el:Ζοζέφ Καμπιλά]] [[en:Joseph Kabila]] [[es:Joseph Kabila]] [[fi:Joseph Kabila]] [[fr:Joseph Kabila]] [[gl:Joseph Kabila]] [[id:Joseph Kabila]] [[ja:ジョゼフ・カビラ]] [[kg:Joseph Kabila]] [[ko:조제프 카빌라]] [[nl:Joseph Kabila]] [[pl:Joseph Kabila]] [[pt:Joseph Kabila]] [[ro:Joseph Kabila]] [[sv:Joseph Kabila]] [[zh:约瑟夫·卡比拉]] Joseph Kasa-Vubu 1066 2314 2005-03-06T00:57:01Z Bombo 12 [[category:Moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] [[Image:Joseph kasa-vubu.jpg|thumb|Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] 2315 2005-03-06T01:03:01Z Bombo 12 [[category:Moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] [[Image:Joseph kasa-vubu.jpg|thumb|Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] (son premier ministre était [[Patrice Lumumba]]) 2640 2005-03-06T01:05:46Z Bombo 12 [[category:Moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] [[Image:Joseph kasa-vubu.jpg|thumb|Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] Tata-mokonzi 01 07 1960 - 24 11 1965 (son premier ministre était [[Patrice Lumumba]]) 4634 2005-05-11T04:23:09Z Moyogo 11 +{{ndambo}} {{ndambo}} [[category:Moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] [[Image:Joseph kasa-vubu.jpg|thumb|Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] Tata-mokonzi 01 07 1960 - 24 11 1965 (son premier ministre était [[Patrice Lumumba]]) 5302 2005-07-11T10:20:50Z 199.8.238.219 {{ndambo}} [[category:Moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] [[Image:Joseph kasa-vubu.jpg|thumb|Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] Mokambi Ekolo 01 07 1960 - 24 11 1965 (Mokambi Bulamatari naye azalaki [[Patrice Lumumba]]) 5941 2005-07-31T21:33:23Z Themalau 22 {{ndambo}} [[category:Moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] [[Image:Joseph kasa-vubu.jpg|thumb|Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] Mokambi Ekolo 01 07 1960 - 24 11 1965 (Mokambi Bulamatari naye azalaki [[Patrice Lumumba]]) [[en:Joseph Kasavubu]] [[fr:Joseph Kasavubu]] 6079 2005-09-01T17:25:31Z 160.85.2.50 {{ndambo}} [[category:Moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] [[Image:Joseph kasa-vubu.jpg|thumb|Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] Mokambi Ekolo 01 07 1960 - 24 11 1965 (Mokambi Bulamatari naye azalaki [[Patrice Lumumba]]) voir aussi [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)]] [[en:Joseph Kasavubu]] [[fr:Joseph Kasavubu]] 6080 2005-09-01T17:26:32Z 160.85.2.50 {{ndambo}} [[category:Moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] [[Image:Joseph kasa-vubu.jpg|thumb|Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] Mokambi Ekolo 01 07 1960 - 24 11 1965 (Mokambi Bulamatari naye azalaki [[Patrice Lumumba]]) [[Category:Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)]] [[en:Joseph Kasavubu]] [[fr:Joseph Kasavubu]] 6084 2005-09-01T17:37:14Z 160.85.2.50 {{ndambo}} [[category:Moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] [[Image:Joseph kasa-vubu.jpg|thumb|Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] Mokambi Ekolo 01 07 1960 - 24 11 1965 (Mokambi Bulamatari naye azalaki [[Patrice Lumumba]]) * voir aussi [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)]] [[Category:Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)]] [[en:Joseph Kasavubu]] [[fr:Joseph Kasavubu]] 6411 2005-10-09T00:03:15Z Moyogo 11 {{ndambo}} [[category:Moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] [[Image:Joseph kasa-vubu.jpg|thumb|Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] Mokambi Ekolo 01 07 1960 - 24 11 1965 (Mokambi Bulamatari na yě azalákí [[Patrice Lumumba]]) * voir aussi [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)]] [[Category:Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)]] [[en:Joseph Kasavubu]] [[fr:Joseph Kasavubu]] 6881 2005-11-12T11:18:42Z Moyogo 11 [[Joseph Kasavubu]] moved to [[Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] {{ndambo}} [[category:Moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] [[Image:Joseph kasa-vubu.jpg|thumb|Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] Mokambi Ekolo 01 07 1960 - 24 11 1965 (Mokambi Bulamatari na yě azalákí [[Patrice Lumumba]]) * voir aussi [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)]] [[Category:Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)]] [[en:Joseph Kasavubu]] [[fr:Joseph Kasavubu]] 6885 2005-11-14T12:07:08Z 160.85.2.50 {{ndambo}} [[category:Moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] [[Image:Pres. Joseph Kasa vubu.jpg|thumb|Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] Mokambi Ekolo 01 07 1960 - 24 11 1965 (Mokambi Bulamatari na yě azalákí [[Patrice Lumumba]]) * voir aussi [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)]] [[Category:Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)]] [[en:Joseph Kasavubu]] [[fr:Joseph Kasavubu]] 6886 2005-11-14T12:09:49Z 160.85.2.50 {{ndambo}} [[category:Moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] [[Image:Pres. Joseph Kasa vubu.jpg|thumb|Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] '''Joseph Kasa-Vubu''', Mokambi Ekolo [[1 yuli]] [[1960]] - [[24 novembere]] [[1965]] (Mokambi Bulamatari na yě azalákí [[Patrice Lumumba]]) * voir aussi [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)]] [[Category:Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)]] [[en:Joseph Kasavubu]] [[fr:Joseph Kasavubu]] 7208 2005-12-05T21:38:46Z Moyogo 11 Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki {{ndambo}} [[category:Moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] [[Image:Pres. Joseph Kasa vubu.jpg|thumb|Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] '''Joseph Kasa-Vubu''', Mokambi Ekolo [[1 yuli]] [[1960]] - [[24 novembere]] [[1965]] (Mokambi Bulamatari na yě azalákí [[Patrice Lumumba]]) == Tála mpé == * [[Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[en:Joseph Kasavubu]] [[fr:Joseph Kasavubu]] 7325 2005-12-13T13:12:14Z 160.85.2.50 {{ndambo}} [[Image:Pres. Joseph Kasa vubu.jpg|thumb|Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] '''Joseph Kasa-Vubu''', Mokambi Ekolo [[1 yuli]] [[1960]] - [[24 novembere]] [[1965]] (Mokambi Bulamatari na yě azalákí [[Patrice Lumumba]]) == Tála mpé == * [[Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[en:Joseph Kasavubu]] [[fr:Joseph Kasavubu]] 7878 2006-03-27T04:15:42Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: de, ko, nl, sv Modifie: en, fr {{ndambo}} [[Image:Pres. Joseph Kasa vubu.jpg|thumb|Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] '''Joseph Kasa-Vubu''', Mokambi Ekolo [[1 yuli]] [[1960]] - [[24 novembere]] [[1965]] (Mokambi Bulamatari na yě azalákí [[Patrice Lumumba]]) == Tála mpé == * [[Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[de:Joseph Kasavubu]] [[en:Joseph Kasa Vubu]] [[fr:Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] [[ko:조제프 카사 부부]] [[nl:Joseph Kasavubu]] [[sv:Joseph Kasavubu]] 8280 2006-05-29T09:49:07Z Moyogo 11 {{ndambo}} [[Image:Pres. Joseph Kasa vubu.jpg|thumb|Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] '''Joseph Kasa-Vubu''', Mokambi Ekolo [[1 yuli]] [[1960]] - [[24 novembere]] [[1965]] (Mokambi Bulamatari na yě azalákí [[Patrice Lumumba]]) == Tála mpé == * [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[de:Joseph Kasavubu]] [[en:Joseph Kasa Vubu]] [[fr:Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] [[ko:조제프 카사 부부]] [[nl:Joseph Kasavubu]] [[sv:Joseph Kasavubu]] 8397 2006-06-13T23:51:42Z Moyogo 11 {{ndambo}} [[Image:Pres. Joseph Kasa vubu.jpg|thumb|Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] '''Joseph {{smcp|Kasa-Vubu}}''', Mokambi Ekolo [[1 yuli]] [[1960]] - [[24 novembere]] [[1965]] (Mokambi Bulamatari na yě azalákí [[Patrice Lumumba]]) == Tála mpé == * [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[de:Joseph Kasavubu]] [[en:Joseph Kasa Vubu]] [[fr:Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] [[ko:조제프 카사 부부]] [[nl:Joseph Kasavubu]] [[sv:Joseph Kasavubu]] 8417 2006-06-14T11:26:11Z Moyogo 11 {{ndambo}} [[Image:Pres. Joseph Kasa vubu.jpg|thumb|Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] '''Joseph {{smcp|Kasa-Vubu}}''', [[Mokambi-Ekólo]] [[1 yuli]] [[1960]] - [[24 novembere]] [[1965]] (Mokambi Bulamatari na yě azalákí [[Patrice Lumumba]]) == Tála mpé == * [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[de:Joseph Kasavubu]] [[en:Joseph Kasa Vubu]] [[fr:Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] [[ko:조제프 카사 부부]] [[nl:Joseph Kasavubu]] [[sv:Joseph Kasavubu]] 8956 2006-07-24T16:25:51Z Bombo 12 {{ndambo}} [[Image:Pres. Joseph Kasa vubu.jpg|thumb|Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] '''Joseph {{smcp|Kasa-Vubu}}''', [[Mokambi-Ekólo]] [[1 yuli]] [[1960]] - [[24 novembere]] [[1965]] (Mokambi Bulamatari na yě azalákí [[Patrice Lumumba]]) == Tála mpé == * [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] {{Mokonzi wa ekólo}} [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[de:Joseph Kasavubu]] [[en:Joseph Kasa Vubu]] [[fr:Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] [[ko:조제프 카사 부부]] [[nl:Joseph Kasavubu]] [[sv:Joseph Kasavubu]] 9011 2006-08-02T05:46:39Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: [[es:Joseph Kasavubu]], [[he:ז'וזף קסבובו]], [[kg:Joseph Kasa Vubu]] {{ndambo}} [[Image:Pres. Joseph Kasa vubu.jpg|thumb|Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] '''Joseph {{smcp|Kasa-Vubu}}''', [[Mokambi-Ekólo]] [[1 yuli]] [[1960]] - [[24 novembere]] [[1965]] (Mokambi Bulamatari na yě azalákí [[Patrice Lumumba]]) == Tála mpé == * [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] {{Mokonzi wa ekólo}} [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[de:Joseph Kasavubu]] [[en:Joseph Kasa Vubu]] [[es:Joseph Kasavubu]] [[fr:Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] [[he:ז'וזף קסבובו]] [[kg:Joseph Kasa Vubu]] [[ko:조제프 카사 부부]] [[nl:Joseph Kasavubu]] [[sv:Joseph Kasavubu]] 9161 2006-08-25T15:12:16Z YurikBot 76 robot Modifie: [[en:Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] {{ndambo}} [[Image:Pres. Joseph Kasa vubu.jpg|thumb|Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] '''Joseph {{smcp|Kasa-Vubu}}''', [[Mokambi-Ekólo]] [[1 yuli]] [[1960]] - [[24 novembere]] [[1965]] (Mokambi Bulamatari na yě azalákí [[Patrice Lumumba]]) == Tála mpé == * [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] {{Mokonzi wa ekólo}} [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[de:Joseph Kasavubu]] [[en:Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] [[es:Joseph Kasavubu]] [[fr:Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] [[he:ז'וזף קסבובו]] [[kg:Joseph Kasa Vubu]] [[ko:조제프 카사 부부]] [[nl:Joseph Kasavubu]] [[sv:Joseph Kasavubu]] Mobutu Sese Seko 1067 2313 2005-03-06T00:59:20Z Bombo 12 [[category:Moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] [[Image:Mobutu.jpg|thumb|Desiré Mobutu / Mobutu Sese Seko]] 2648 2005-03-06T01:00:47Z Bombo 12 [[category:Moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] [[Image:Mobutu.jpg|thumb|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu (-1971) / Mobutu Sese Seko]] 2649 2005-05-11T04:39:05Z Moyogo 11 +{{ndómba}} [[category:Moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] [[Image:Mobutu.jpg|thumb|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu (-1971) / Mobutu Sese Seko]] {{ndómba}} 4635 2005-05-11T04:39:34Z Moyogo 11 {{ndámbo}} [[category:Moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] [[Image:Mobutu.jpg|thumb|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu (-1971) / Mobutu Sese Seko]] {{ndámbo}} 6082 2005-09-01T17:28:34Z 160.85.2.50 [[category:Moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] [[Category:Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)]] [[Image:Mobutu.jpg|thumb|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu (-1971) / Mobutu Sese Seko]] {{ndámbo}} Category:Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi) 6085 2005-09-01T17:38:04Z 160.85.2.50 [[category:Moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] [[Category:Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)]] [[Image:Mobutu.jpg|thumb|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu (-1971) / Mobutu Sese Seko]] {{ndámbo}} * voir aussi [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)]] 6263 2005-09-17T09:27:23Z Moyogo 11 [[category:Moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] [[Category:Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)]] [[Image:Mobutu.jpg|thumb|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu (-1971) / Mobutu Sese Seko]] {{ndámbo}} ==Tála mpé== * [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)]] 6577 2005-10-27T09:56:20Z Bombo 12 interwiki [[category:Moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] [[Category:Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)]] [[Image:Mobutu.jpg|thumb|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu (-1971) / Mobutu Sese Seko]] {{ndámbo}} ==Tála mpé== * [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)]] [[de:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[en:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[es:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[fi:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[gl:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[id:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[it:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[ja:モブツ・セセ・セコ]] [[lt:Mobutu Sésé Seko]] [[nl:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[pl:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[sv:Mobutu Sese Seko]] 6578 2005-10-27T09:57:35Z Bombo 12 img [[category:Moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] [[Category:Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)]] [[Image:Mobutu EU.jpg|thumb|right|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu (-1971) / Mobutu Sese Seko]] {{ndámbo}} ==Tála mpé== * [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)]] [[de:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[en:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[es:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[fi:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[gl:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[id:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[it:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[ja:モブツ・セセ・セコ]] [[lt:Mobutu Sésé Seko]] [[nl:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[pl:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[sv:Mobutu Sese Seko]] 7209 2005-12-05T21:39:20Z Moyogo 11 Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki [[category:Moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] [[Category:Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Image:Mobutu EU.jpg|thumb|right|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu (-1971) / Mobutu Sese Seko]] {{ndámbo}} ==Tála mpé== * [[Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[de:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[en:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[es:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[fi:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[gl:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[id:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[it:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[ja:モブツ・セセ・セコ]] [[lt:Mobutu Sésé Seko]] [[nl:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[pl:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[sv:Mobutu Sese Seko]] 7326 2005-12-13T13:12:42Z 160.85.2.50 [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Image:Mobutu EU.jpg|thumb|right|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu (-1971) / Mobutu Sese Seko]] {{ndámbo}} ==Tála mpé== * [[Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[de:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[en:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[es:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[fi:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[gl:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[id:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[it:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[ja:モブツ・セセ・セコ]] [[lt:Mobutu Sésé Seko]] [[nl:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[pl:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[sv:Mobutu Sese Seko]] 7711 2006-02-14T09:29:40Z 145.120.1.219 [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Image:Mobutu Sese Seko 1973.jpg|thumb|right|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu (-1971) / Mobutu Sese Seko]] {{ndámbo}} ==Tála mpé== * [[Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[de:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[en:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[es:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[fi:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[gl:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[id:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[it:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[ja:モブツ・セセ・セコ]] [[lt:Mobutu Sésé Seko]] [[nl:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[pl:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[sv:Mobutu Sese Seko]] 7939 2006-04-02T19:01:58Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: fr, ko, ro, ru [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Image:Mobutu Sese Seko 1973.jpg|thumb|right|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu (-1971) / Mobutu Sese Seko]] {{ndámbo}} ==Tála mpé== * [[Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[de:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[en:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[es:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[fi:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[fr:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[gl:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[id:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[it:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[ja:モブツ・セセ・セコ]] [[ko:세세 세코]] [[lt:Mobutu Sésé Seko]] [[nl:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[pl:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[ro:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[ru:Мобуту Сесе Секо]] [[sv:Mobutu Sese Seko]] 8279 2006-05-29T09:49:01Z Moyogo 11 [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Image:Mobutu Sese Seko 1973.jpg|thumb|right|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu (-1971) / Mobutu Sese Seko]] {{ndámbo}} ==Tála mpé== * [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[de:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[en:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[es:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[fi:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[fr:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[gl:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[id:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[it:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[ja:モブツ・セセ・セコ]] [[ko:세세 세코]] [[lt:Mobutu Sésé Seko]] [[nl:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[pl:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[ro:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[ru:Мобуту Сесе Секо]] [[sv:Mobutu Sese Seko]] 8394 2006-06-13T23:50:02Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:Mobutu Sese Seko 1973.jpg|thumb|right|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu (-1971) / Mobutu Sese Seko]] '''{{smcp|Mobutu}} Sese Seko''', abótámí o [[Lisála]], Mbánzá ya Mambénga, o [[mokɔlɔ ya 14 ya sánzá zómí]] o [[mobú 1930]], akúfí o [[Rabat]], [[Maroc]], o [[mokɔlɔ ya 7 ya sánzá ya libwa]] o [[mobú 1997]]. Mobutu ezalákí [[Tatá-mokonzi]] ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]. [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] {{ndámbo}} ==Tála mpé== * [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[de:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[en:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[es:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[fi:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[fr:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[gl:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[id:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[it:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[ja:モブツ・セセ・セコ]] [[ko:세세 세코]] [[lt:Mobutu Sésé Seko]] [[nl:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[pl:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[ro:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[ru:Мобуту Сесе Секо]] [[sv:Mobutu Sese Seko]] 8957 2006-07-24T16:26:19Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Mobutu Sese Seko 1973.jpg|thumb|right|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu (-1971) / Mobutu Sese Seko]] '''{{smcp|Mobutu}} Sese Seko''', abótámí o [[Lisála]], Mbánzá ya Mambénga, o [[mokɔlɔ ya 14 ya sánzá zómí]] o [[mobú 1930]], akúfí o [[Rabat]], [[Maroc]], o [[mokɔlɔ ya 7 ya sánzá ya libwa]] o [[mobú 1997]]. Mobutu ezalákí [[Tatá-mokonzi]] ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]. [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] {{ndámbo}} ==Tála mpé== * [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] {{Mokonzi wa ekólo}} [[de:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[en:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[es:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[fi:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[fr:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[gl:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[id:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[it:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[ja:モブツ・セセ・セコ]] [[ko:세세 세코]] [[lt:Mobutu Sésé Seko]] [[nl:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[pl:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[ro:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[ru:Мобуту Сесе Секо]] [[sv:Mobutu Sese Seko]] 8974 2006-07-29T18:45:44Z 151.42.234.162 /* Tála mpé */ [[Image:Mobutu Sese Seko 1973.jpg|thumb|right|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu (-1971) / Mobutu Sese Seko]] '''{{smcp|Mobutu}} Sese Seko''', abótámí o [[Lisála]], Mbánzá ya Mambénga, o [[mokɔlɔ ya 14 ya sánzá zómí]] o [[mobú 1930]], akúfí o [[Rabat]], [[Maroc]], o [[mokɔlɔ ya 7 ya sánzá ya libwa]] o [[mobú 1997]]. Mobutu ezalákí [[Tatá-mokonzi]] ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]. [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] {{ndámbo}} ==Tála mpé== * [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] {{Mokonzi wa ekólo}} [[de:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[en:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[es:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[fi:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[fr:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[gl:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[id:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[it:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[ja:モブツ・セセ・セコ]] [[ko:세세 세코]] [[lt:Mobutu Sésé Seko]] [[nl:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[pl:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[ro:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[ru:Мобуту Сесе Секо]] [[sv:Mobutu Sese Seko]] akamataki bokonzi na makasi na 1965 8975 2006-07-31T16:17:47Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:Mobutu Sese Seko 1973.jpg|thumb|right|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu (-1971) / Mobutu Sese Seko]] '''{{smcp|Mobutu}} Sese Seko''', abótámí o [[Lisála]], Mbánzá ya Mambénga, o [[mokɔlɔ ya 14 ya sánzá zómí]] o [[mobú 1930]], akúfí o [[Rabat]], [[Maroc]], o [[mokɔlɔ ya 7 ya sánzá ya libwa]] o [[mobú 1997]]. Mobutu ezalákí [[Tatá-mokonzi]] ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]. Mobutu akamataki bokonzi na makási na [[1965]]. [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] {{ndámbo}} ==Tála mpé== * [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] {{Mokonzi wa ekólo}} [[de:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[en:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[es:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[fi:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[fr:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[gl:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[id:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[it:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[ja:モブツ・セセ・セコ]] [[ko:세세 세코]] [[lt:Mobutu Sésé Seko]] [[nl:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[pl:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[ro:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[ru:Мобуту Сесе Секо]] [[sv:Mobutu Sese Seko]] 9036 2006-08-02T06:07:12Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: [[he:מובוטו ססה סקו]], [[hr:Mobutu Sese Seko]] Modifie: [[ko:모부투 세세 세코]] [[Image:Mobutu Sese Seko 1973.jpg|thumb|right|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu (-1971) / Mobutu Sese Seko]] '''{{smcp|Mobutu}} Sese Seko''', abótámí o [[Lisála]], Mbánzá ya Mambénga, o [[mokɔlɔ ya 14 ya sánzá zómí]] o [[mobú 1930]], akúfí o [[Rabat]], [[Maroc]], o [[mokɔlɔ ya 7 ya sánzá ya libwa]] o [[mobú 1997]]. Mobutu ezalákí [[Tatá-mokonzi]] ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]. Mobutu akamataki bokonzi na makási na [[1965]]. [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] {{ndámbo}} ==Tála mpé== * [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] {{Mokonzi wa ekólo}} [[de:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[en:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[es:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[fi:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[fr:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[gl:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[he:מובוטו ססה סקו]] [[hr:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[id:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[it:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[ja:モブツ・セセ・セコ]] [[ko:모부투 세세 세코]] [[lt:Mobutu Sésé Seko]] [[nl:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[pl:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[ro:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[ru:Мобуту Сесе Секо]] [[sv:Mobutu Sese Seko]] 9073 2006-08-07T12:14:56Z 151.37.168.162 /* Tála mpé */ [[Image:Mobutu Sese Seko 1973.jpg|thumb|right|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu (-1971) / Mobutu Sese Seko]] '''{{smcp|Mobutu}} Sese Seko''', abótámí o [[Lisála]], Mbánzá ya Mambénga, o [[mokɔlɔ ya 14 ya sánzá zómí]] o [[mobú 1930]], akúfí o [[Rabat]], [[Maroc]], o [[mokɔlɔ ya 7 ya sánzá ya libwa]] o [[mobú 1997]]. Mobutu ezalákí [[Tatá-mokonzi]] ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]. Mobutu akamataki bokonzi na makási na [[1965]]. [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] {{ndámbo}} Azali mutu oyo atiki mboka ya Congo na pasi, soki lelo mubulu ezali kaka kuna pamba te ye nde mutu atika tango. Azali na ki bokinzi 35 mbula akonga ata eloko te, ba nzela kaka oyo ba Belge batikila biso. Soki ye vraiment azalaki ba yele lelo R.D.Congo elingaki kokota mobulu te. ==Tála mpé== * [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] {{Mokonzi wa ekólo}} [[de:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[en:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[es:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[fi:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[fr:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[gl:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[he:מובוטו ססה סקו]] [[hr:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[id:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[it:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[ja:モブツ・セセ・セコ]] [[ko:모부투 세세 세코]] [[lt:Mobutu Sésé Seko]] [[nl:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[pl:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[ro:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[ru:Мобуту Сесе Секо]] [[sv:Mobutu Sese Seko]] 9074 2006-08-07T13:35:33Z Bombo 12 Congo > Kɔ́ngɔ [[Image:Mobutu Sese Seko 1973.jpg|thumb|right|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu (-1971) / Mobutu Sese Seko]] '''{{smcp|Mobutu}} Sese Seko''', abótámí o [[Lisála]], Mbánzá ya Mambénga, o [[mokɔlɔ ya 14 ya sánzá zómí]] o [[mobú 1930]], akúfí o [[Rabat]], [[Maroc]], o [[mokɔlɔ ya 7 ya sánzá ya libwa]] o [[mobú 1997]]. Mobutu ezalákí [[Tatá-mokonzi]] ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]. Mobutu akamataki bokonzi na makási na [[1965]]. Azali mutu oyo atiki mboka ya Kɔ́ngɔ na pasi, soki lelo mubulu ezali kaka kuna pamba te ye nde mutu atika tango. Azali na ki bokinzi 35 mbula akonga ata eloko te, ba nzela kaka oyo ba Belge batikila biso. Soki ye vraiment azalaki ba yele lelo Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki elingaki kokota mobulu te. ==Tála mpé== * [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] {{ndámbo}} {{Mokonzi wa ekólo}} [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[de:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[en:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[es:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[fi:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[fr:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[gl:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[he:מובוטו ססה סקו]] [[hr:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[id:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[it:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[ja:モブツ・セセ・セコ]] [[ko:모부투 세세 세코]] [[lt:Mobutu Sésé Seko]] [[nl:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[pl:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[ro:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[ru:Мобуту Сесе Секо]] [[sv:Mobutu Sese Seko]] 9076 2006-08-07T22:34:54Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:Mobutu Sese Seko 1973.jpg|thumb|right|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu (-1971) / Mobutu Sese Seko]] '''{{smcp|Mobutu}} Sese Seko''', abótámí o [[Lisála]], Mbánzá ya Mambénga, o [[mokɔlɔ ya 14 ya sánzá zómí]] o [[mobú 1930]], akúfí o [[Rabat]], [[Maroc]], o [[mokɔlɔ ya 7 ya sánzá ya libwa]] o [[mobú 1997]]. Mobutu ezalákí [[Tatá-mokonzi]] ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]. Mobutu akamatákí bokonzi na makási na [[1965]]. Azalí moto óyo atíkí mbóka ya Kɔ́ngɔ na mpási, sɔ́kí lɛlɔ́ mobúlú ezalí káka kúna mpámba tɛ́ yě ndé moto atíka ntángo. Azalí na bokonzi mbúla 35 akongá atá elɔ́kɔ tɛ́, ba nzéla káka óyo [[Bɛ́lɛjika|Babɛ́lɛji]] batikílá bisó. Sɔ́kí yě mpenzá azalákí mayɛ́lɛ lɛlɔ́ Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki elingaki kokɔ́ta mobúlú tɛ́. ==Tála mpé== * [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] {{ndámbo}} {{Mokonzi wa ekólo}} [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[de:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[en:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[es:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[fi:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[fr:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[gl:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[he:מובוטו ססה סקו]] [[hr:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[id:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[it:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[ja:モブツ・セセ・セコ]] [[ko:모부투 세세 세코]] [[lt:Mobutu Sésé Seko]] [[nl:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[pl:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[ro:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[ru:Мобуту Сесе Секо]] [[sv:Mobutu Sese Seko]] 9079 2006-08-08T11:49:15Z 80.218.17.191 [[Image:Mobutu Sese Seko 1973.jpg|thumb|right|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu (-1971) / Mobutu Sese Seko]] '''{{smcp|Mobutu}} Sese Seko''', abótámí o [[Lisála]], Mbánzá ya Mambénga, o [[mokɔlɔ ya 14 ya sánzá zómí]] o [[mobú 1930]], akúfí o [[Rabat]], [[Maroc]], o [[mokɔlɔ ya 7 ya sánzá ya libwa]] o [[mobú 1997]]. Mobutu ezalákí [[Tatá-mokonzi]] ya [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki|Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]. Mobutu akamatákí bokonzi na makási na [[1965]]. Azalí moto óyo atíkí mbóka ya Kɔ́ngɔ na mpási, sɔ́kí lɛlɔ́ mobúlú ezalí káka kúna mpámba tɛ́ yě ndé moto atíka ntángo. Azalí na bokonzi mbúla 35 akongá atá elɔ́kɔ tɛ́, ba nzéla káka óyo [[Bɛ́lɛjika|Babɛ́lɛji]] batikílá bisó. Sɔ́kí yě mpenzá azalákí mayɛ́lɛ lɛlɔ́ Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki elingaki kokɔ́ta mobúlú tɛ́. ==Tála mpé== * [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] {{ndámbo}} {{Mokonzi wa ekólo}} [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[de:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[en:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[es:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[fi:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[fr:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[gl:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[he:מובוטו ססה סקו]] [[hr:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[id:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[it:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[ja:モブツ・セセ・セコ]] [[ko:모부투 세세 세코]] [[lt:Mobutu Sésé Seko]] [[nl:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[pl:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[ro:Mobutu Sese Seko]] [[ru:Мобуту Сесе Секо]] [[sv:Mobutu Sese Seko]] Patrice Lumumba 1068 2656 2005-03-06T01:03:49Z Bombo 12 [[category:Moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] [[Image:Patrice lumumba.jpg|thumb|Patrice E. Lumumba]] 2708 2005-05-11T04:42:07Z Moyogo 11 +{{ndámbo}} {{ndámbo}} [[category:Moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] [[Image:Patrice lumumba.jpg|thumb|Patrice E. Lumumba]] 4636 2005-06-06T17:43:59Z Moyogo 11 + {{ndámbo}} '''Patrice Émery Lumumba''', Moyángeli mwa yambo ya Kɔ́ngɔ, abótámí o mobú 1925 mpé akúfí o Katanga o mobú 1961. [[category:Moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] [[Image:Patrice lumumba.jpg|thumb|Patrice E. Lumumba]] 5303 2005-07-11T10:22:48Z 199.8.238.219 {{ndámbo}} '''Patrice Émery Lumumba''', Moyángeli mwa yambo ya Bulamatari o Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa, abótámí o mobú 1925 mpé akúfí o Katanga o mobú 1961. [[category:Moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] [[Image:Patrice lumumba.jpg|thumb|Patrice E. Lumumba]] 5843 2005-07-30T23:15:12Z Olaf2 26 interwiki {{ndámbo}} '''Patrice Émery Lumumba''', Moyángeli mwa yambo ya Bulamatari o Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa, abótámí o mobú 1925 mpé akúfí o Katanga o mobú 1961. [[category:Moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] [[Image:Patrice lumumba.jpg|thumb|Patrice E. Lumumba]] [[bg:Патрис Лумумба]] [[de:Patrice E. Lumumba]] [[en:Patrice Lumumba]] [[et:Patrice Lumumba]] [[fr:Patrice Lumumba]] [[ja:パトリス・ルムンバ]] [[nb:Patrice Lumumba]] [[nl:Patrice Lumumba]] [[pl:Patrice Lumumba]] [[sv:Patrice Lumumba]] [[wa:Patrice Lumumba]] [[zh:卢蒙巴]] 6884 2005-11-14T12:05:25Z 160.85.2.50 img {{ndámbo}} '''Patrice Émery Lumumba''', Moyángeli mwa yambo ya Bulamatari o Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa, abótámí o mobú 1925 mpé akúfí o Katanga o mobú 1961. [[category:Moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] [[Image:Lumumba.jpg|thumb|Patrice E. Lumumba]] [[Image:Patrice_Lumumba_PM_(2).jpg|thumb|Patrice E. Lumumba]] [[bg:Патрис Лумумба]] [[de:Patrice E. Lumumba]] [[en:Patrice Lumumba]] [[et:Patrice Lumumba]] [[fr:Patrice Lumumba]] [[ja:パトリス・ルムンバ]] [[nb:Patrice Lumumba]] [[nl:Patrice Lumumba]] [[pl:Patrice Lumumba]] [[sv:Patrice Lumumba]] [[wa:Patrice Lumumba]] [[zh:卢蒙巴]] 6887 2005-11-14T12:15:01Z 160.85.2.50 {{ndámbo}} '''Patrice Émery Lumumba''', Moyángeli mwa yambo ya Bulamatari o Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa, abótámí o mobú [[2 yuli]] [[1925]] ya [[Onalua]] ([[Katako-Kombé]], [[Sanukru]], [[Kasai-Oriental]]) mpé akúfí o [[Katanga]] o mobú [[17 yanuari]] [[1961]]. [[category:Moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] [[Image:Lumumba.jpg|thumb|Patrice E. Lumumba]] [[Image:Patrice_Lumumba_PM_(2).jpg|thumb|Patrice E. Lumumba]] [[bg:Патрис Лумумба]] [[de:Patrice E. Lumumba]] [[en:Patrice Lumumba]] [[et:Patrice Lumumba]] [[fr:Patrice Lumumba]] [[ja:パトリス・ルムンバ]] [[nb:Patrice Lumumba]] [[nl:Patrice Lumumba]] [[pl:Patrice Lumumba]] [[sv:Patrice Lumumba]] [[wa:Patrice Lumumba]] [[zh:卢蒙巴]] 6888 2005-11-14T14:01:30Z Moyogo 11 {{ndámbo}} '''Patrice Émery Lumumba''', Moyángeli mwa yambo ya Bulamatari o Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa, abótámí o mobú [[Onalua]] ([[Katako-Kombé]], [[Sanukru]], [[Kasai-Oriental]]) o mokɔlɔ [[2 ya sanza ya sambo]] o mobú [[1925]] ya mpé akúfí o [[Katanga]] o mobú [[17 ya sanza ya mɔ̌kɔ́]] o mobú [[1961]]. [[category:Moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] [[Image:Lumumba.jpg|thumb|Patrice E. Lumumba]] [[Image:Patrice_Lumumba_PM_(2).jpg|thumb|Patrice E. Lumumba]] [[bg:Патрис Лумумба]] [[de:Patrice E. Lumumba]] [[en:Patrice Lumumba]] [[et:Patrice Lumumba]] [[fr:Patrice Lumumba]] [[ja:パトリス・ルムンバ]] [[nb:Patrice Lumumba]] [[nl:Patrice Lumumba]] [[pl:Patrice Lumumba]] [[sv:Patrice Lumumba]] [[wa:Patrice Lumumba]] [[zh:卢蒙巴]] 7327 2005-12-13T13:13:03Z 160.85.2.50 {{ndámbo}} '''Patrice Émery Lumumba''', Moyángeli mwa yambo ya Bulamatari o Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa, abótámí o mobú [[Onalua]] ([[Katako-Kombé]], [[Sanukru]], [[Kasai-Oriental]]) o mokɔlɔ [[2 ya sanza ya sambo]] o mobú [[1925]] ya mpé akúfí o [[Katanga]] o mobú [[17 ya sanza ya mɔ̌kɔ́]] o mobú [[1961]]. [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Image:Lumumba.jpg|thumb|Patrice E. Lumumba]] [[Image:Patrice_Lumumba_PM_(2).jpg|thumb|Patrice E. Lumumba]] [[bg:Патрис Лумумба]] [[de:Patrice E. Lumumba]] [[en:Patrice Lumumba]] [[et:Patrice Lumumba]] [[fr:Patrice Lumumba]] [[ja:パトリス・ルムンバ]] [[nb:Patrice Lumumba]] [[nl:Patrice Lumumba]] [[pl:Patrice Lumumba]] [[sv:Patrice Lumumba]] [[wa:Patrice Lumumba]] [[zh:卢蒙巴]] 7961 2006-04-05T04:47:03Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: es, he, it, ru {{ndámbo}} '''Patrice Émery Lumumba''', Moyángeli mwa yambo ya Bulamatari o Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa, abótámí o mobú [[Onalua]] ([[Katako-Kombé]], [[Sanukru]], [[Kasai-Oriental]]) o mokɔlɔ [[2 ya sanza ya sambo]] o mobú [[1925]] ya mpé akúfí o [[Katanga]] o mobú [[17 ya sanza ya mɔ̌kɔ́]] o mobú [[1961]]. [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Image:Lumumba.jpg|thumb|Patrice E. Lumumba]] [[Image:Patrice_Lumumba_PM_(2).jpg|thumb|Patrice E. Lumumba]] [[bg:Патрис Лумумба]] [[de:Patrice E. Lumumba]] [[en:Patrice Lumumba]] [[es:Patrice Lumumba]] [[et:Patrice Lumumba]] [[fr:Patrice Lumumba]] [[he:פטריס לומומבה]] [[it:Patrice Lumumba]] [[ja:パトリス・ルムンバ]] [[nl:Patrice Lumumba]] [[no:Patrice Lumumba]] [[pl:Patrice Lumumba]] [[ru:Лумумба, Патрис Эмери]] [[sv:Patrice Lumumba]] [[wa:Patrice Lumumba]] [[zh:卢蒙巴]] 8398 2006-06-13T23:52:07Z Moyogo 11 {{ndámbo}} '''Patrice Émery {{smcp|Lumumba}}''', Moyángeli mwa yambo ya Bulamatari o Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa, abótámí o mobú [[Onalua]] ([[Katako-Kombé]], [[Sanukru]], [[Kasai-Oriental]]) o mokɔlɔ [[2 ya sanza ya sambo]] o mobú [[1925]] ya mpé akúfí o [[Katanga]] o mobú [[17 ya sanza ya mɔ̌kɔ́]] o mobú [[1961]]. [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Image:Lumumba.jpg|thumb|Patrice E. Lumumba]] [[Image:Patrice_Lumumba_PM_(2).jpg|thumb|Patrice E. Lumumba]] [[bg:Патрис Лумумба]] [[de:Patrice E. Lumumba]] [[en:Patrice Lumumba]] [[es:Patrice Lumumba]] [[et:Patrice Lumumba]] [[fr:Patrice Lumumba]] [[he:פטריס לומומבה]] [[it:Patrice Lumumba]] [[ja:パトリス・ルムンバ]] [[nl:Patrice Lumumba]] [[no:Patrice Lumumba]] [[pl:Patrice Lumumba]] [[ru:Лумумба, Патрис Эмери]] [[sv:Patrice Lumumba]] [[wa:Patrice Lumumba]] [[zh:卢蒙巴]] 8781 2006-07-03T17:20:06Z 160.85.2.50 img {{ndámbo}} '''Patrice Émery {{smcp|Lumumba}}''', Moyángeli mwa yambo ya Bulamatari o Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa, abótámí o mobú [[Onalua]] ([[Katako-Kombé]], [[Sanukru]], [[Kasai-Oriental]]) o mokɔlɔ [[2 ya sanza ya sambo]] o mobú [[1925]] ya mpé akúfí o [[Katanga]] o mobú [[17 ya sanza ya mɔ̌kɔ́]] o mobú [[1961]]. [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Image:PatricelumumbaIISG.jpg|thumb|Patrice E. Lumumba (coll. IISG)]] [[Image:Patrice_Lumumba_PM_(2).jpg|thumb|Patrice E. Lumumba]] [[bg:Патрис Лумумба]] [[de:Patrice E. Lumumba]] [[en:Patrice Lumumba]] [[es:Patrice Lumumba]] [[et:Patrice Lumumba]] [[fr:Patrice Lumumba]] [[he:פטריס לומומבה]] [[it:Patrice Lumumba]] [[ja:パトリス・ルムンバ]] [[nl:Patrice Lumumba]] [[no:Patrice Lumumba]] [[pl:Patrice Lumumba]] [[ru:Лумумба, Патрис Эмери]] [[sv:Patrice Lumumba]] [[wa:Patrice Lumumba]] [[zh:卢蒙巴]] 8782 2006-07-03T17:21:56Z 160.85.2.50 [[Image:PatricelumumbaIISG.jpg|thumb|300px|Patrice E. Lumumba (coll. IISG)]] [[Image:Patrice_Lumumba_PM_(2).jpg|thumb|300px|Patrice E. Lumumba]] '''Patrice Émery {{smcp|Lumumba}}''', Moyángeli mwa yambo ya Bulamatari o Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa, abótámí o mobú [[Onalua]] ([[Katako-Kombé]], [[Sanukru]], [[Kasai-Oriental]]) o mokɔlɔ [[2 ya sanza ya sambo]] o mobú [[1925]] ya mpé akúfí o [[Katanga]] o mobú [[17 ya sanza ya mɔ̌kɔ́]] o mobú [[1961]]. {{ndámbo}} [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[bg:Патрис Лумумба]] [[de:Patrice E. Lumumba]] [[en:Patrice Lumumba]] [[es:Patrice Lumumba]] [[et:Patrice Lumumba]] [[fr:Patrice Lumumba]] [[he:פטריס לומומבה]] [[it:Patrice Lumumba]] [[ja:パトリス・ルムンバ]] [[nl:Patrice Lumumba]] [[no:Patrice Lumumba]] [[pl:Patrice Lumumba]] [[ru:Лумумба, Патрис Эмери]] [[sv:Patrice Lumumba]] [[wa:Patrice Lumumba]] [[zh:卢蒙巴]] 8796 2006-07-12T02:40:37Z 62.65.127.177 Image deleted from WikiCommons, no source [[Image:PatricelumumbaIISG.jpg|thumb|300px|Patrice E. Lumumba (coll. IISG)]] '''Patrice Émery {{smcp|Lumumba}}''', Moyángeli mwa yambo ya Bulamatari o Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa, abótámí o mobú [[Onalua]] ([[Katako-Kombé]], [[Sanukru]], [[Kasai-Oriental]]) o mokɔlɔ [[2 ya sanza ya sambo]] o mobú [[1925]] ya mpé akúfí o [[Katanga]] o mobú [[17 ya sanza ya mɔ̌kɔ́]] o mobú [[1961]]. {{ndámbo}} [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[bg:Патрис Лумумба]] [[de:Patrice E. Lumumba]] [[en:Patrice Lumumba]] [[es:Patrice Lumumba]] [[et:Patrice Lumumba]] [[fr:Patrice Lumumba]] [[he:פטריס לומומבה]] [[it:Patrice Lumumba]] [[ja:パトリス・ルムンバ]] [[nl:Patrice Lumumba]] [[no:Patrice Lumumba]] [[pl:Patrice Lumumba]] [[ru:Лумумба, Патрис Эмери]] [[sv:Patrice Lumumba]] [[wa:Patrice Lumumba]] [[zh:卢蒙巴]] 8960 2006-07-24T16:31:28Z Bombo 12 [[Image:PatricelumumbaIISG.jpg|thumb|300px|Patrice E. Lumumba (coll. IISG)]] '''Patrice Émery {{smcp|Lumumba}}''', Moyángeli mwa yambo ya Bulamatari o Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa, abótámí o mobú [[Onalua]] ([[Katako-Kombé]], [[Sanukru]], [[Kasai-Oriental]]) o mokɔlɔ [[2 ya sanza ya sambo]] o mobú [[1925]] ya mpé akúfí o [[Katanga]] o mobú [[17 ya sanza ya mɔ̌kɔ́]] o mobú [[1961]]. {{ndámbo}} {{yambo ya Bulamatari}} [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[bg:Патрис Лумумба]] [[de:Patrice E. Lumumba]] [[en:Patrice Lumumba]] [[es:Patrice Lumumba]] [[et:Patrice Lumumba]] [[fr:Patrice Lumumba]] [[he:פטריס לומומבה]] [[it:Patrice Lumumba]] [[ja:パトリス・ルムンバ]] [[nl:Patrice Lumumba]] [[no:Patrice Lumumba]] [[pl:Patrice Lumumba]] [[ru:Лумумба, Патрис Эмери]] [[sv:Patrice Lumumba]] [[wa:Patrice Lumumba]] [[zh:卢蒙巴]] 9049 2006-08-02T06:25:35Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: [[simple:Patrice Lumumba]], [[sw:Patrice Lumumba]], [[tr:Patrice Lumumba]] [[Image:PatricelumumbaIISG.jpg|thumb|300px|Patrice E. Lumumba (coll. IISG)]] '''Patrice Émery {{smcp|Lumumba}}''', Moyángeli mwa yambo ya Bulamatari o Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa, abótámí o mobú [[Onalua]] ([[Katako-Kombé]], [[Sanukru]], [[Kasai-Oriental]]) o mokɔlɔ [[2 ya sanza ya sambo]] o mobú [[1925]] ya mpé akúfí o [[Katanga]] o mobú [[17 ya sanza ya mɔ̌kɔ́]] o mobú [[1961]]. {{ndámbo}} {{yambo ya Bulamatari}} [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[bg:Патрис Лумумба]] [[de:Patrice E. Lumumba]] [[en:Patrice Lumumba]] [[es:Patrice Lumumba]] [[et:Patrice Lumumba]] [[fr:Patrice Lumumba]] [[he:פטריס לומומבה]] [[it:Patrice Lumumba]] [[ja:パトリス・ルムンバ]] [[nl:Patrice Lumumba]] [[no:Patrice Lumumba]] [[pl:Patrice Lumumba]] [[ru:Лумумба, Патрис Эмери]] [[simple:Patrice Lumumba]] [[sv:Patrice Lumumba]] [[sw:Patrice Lumumba]] [[tr:Patrice Lumumba]] [[wa:Patrice Lumumba]] [[zh:卢蒙巴]] 9146 2006-08-20T12:37:18Z 85.255.108.72 [[Image:PatricelumumbaIISG.jpg|thumb|300px|Patrice E. Lumumba (coll. IISG)]] '''Patrice Émery {{smcp|Lumumba}}''', Moyángeli mwa yambo ya Bulamatari o Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa, abótámí o mobú [[Onalua]] ([[Katako-Kombé]], [[Sanukru]], [[Kasai-Oriental]]) o mokɔlɔ [[2 ya sanza ya sambo]] o mobú [[1925]] ya mpé akúfí o [[Katanga]] o mobú [[17 ya sanza ya mɔ̌kɔ́]] o mobú [[1961]]. {{ndámbo}} {{yambo ya Bulamatari}} [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[bg:Патрис Лумумба]] [[de:Patrice E. Lumumba]] [[en:Patrice Lumumba]] [[es:Patrice Lumumba]] [[et:Patrice Lumumba]] [[fr:Patrice Lumumba]] [[he:פטריס לומומבה]] [[it:Patrice Lumumba]] [[ja:パトリス・ルムンバ]] [[lt:Patris Lumumba]] [[nl:Patrice Lumumba]] [[no:Patrice Lumumba]] [[pl:Patrice Lumumba]] [[ru:Лумумба, Патрис Эмери]] [[simple:Patrice Lumumba]] [[sv:Patrice Lumumba]] [[sw:Patrice Lumumba]] [[tr:Patrice Lumumba]] [[wa:Patrice Lumumba]] [[zh:卢蒙巴]] 9559 2006-10-22T18:59:21Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: [[da:Patrice Lumumba]], [[fi:Patrice Lumumba]], [[ko:파트리스 루뭄바]] [[Image:PatricelumumbaIISG.jpg|thumb|300px|Patrice E. Lumumba (coll. IISG)]] '''Patrice Émery {{smcp|Lumumba}}''', Moyángeli mwa yambo ya Bulamatari o Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa, abótámí o mobú [[Onalua]] ([[Katako-Kombé]], [[Sanukru]], [[Kasai-Oriental]]) o mokɔlɔ [[2 ya sanza ya sambo]] o mobú [[1925]] ya mpé akúfí o [[Katanga]] o mobú [[17 ya sanza ya mɔ̌kɔ́]] o mobú [[1961]]. {{ndámbo}} {{yambo ya Bulamatari}} [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[bg:Патрис Лумумба]] [[da:Patrice Lumumba]] [[de:Patrice E. Lumumba]] [[en:Patrice Lumumba]] [[es:Patrice Lumumba]] [[et:Patrice Lumumba]] [[fi:Patrice Lumumba]] [[fr:Patrice Lumumba]] [[he:פטריס לומומבה]] [[it:Patrice Lumumba]] [[ja:パトリス・ルムンバ]] [[ko:파트리스 루뭄바]] [[lt:Patris Lumumba]] [[nl:Patrice Lumumba]] [[no:Patrice Lumumba]] [[pl:Patrice Lumumba]] [[ru:Лумумба, Патрис Эмери]] [[simple:Patrice Lumumba]] [[sv:Patrice Lumumba]] [[sw:Patrice Lumumba]] [[tr:Patrice Lumumba]] [[wa:Patrice Lumumba]] [[zh:卢蒙巴]] Politiki 1069 2329 2005-03-06T01:43:06Z Bombo 12 [[category:lisangá]] '''Politiki''' ezalí bwanya ya koyangela makambo ma ekolo lokola mibeko mizalí kotinda; kobongisa bomoi ya bato, bizalela ya bangó; kotambwisa misala mia ekolo, mpe koyokana na bikolo bisusu; ezalí solondimbola ya politiki. Ezalí na mitindo mingi ya politiki, mpe politiki ekabwaní nzela misato: === kapitalisme === Nzela ya liboso, politiki ya [[kapitalisme]] elingí mpo na basali te kasi mazalí mpo na bomongo ya bokulaka babéngaka bango bakapitaliste elingí koloba bakóló-bokulaka mosolo. === sosialisime === Nzela ya mibale, [[sosialisime]] ezalí politiki ékopesa matomba ya mosala na maboro ya basali bangó moko mpe ékopekisa bokulaka ézala ya mwá liboke ya bato. === komynisime === Nzela ya misato, [[komynisime]] ezalí politiki ékosenga bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mázala mpo na bolamu ya lingomba, kasi ékopekisa bokulaka ya moto moko. 2333 2005-03-06T16:52:52Z 80.218.21.70 /* kapitalisme */ [[category:lisangá]] '''Politiki''' ezalí bwanya ya koyangela makambo ma ekolo lokola mibeko mizalí kotinda; kobongisa bomoi ya bato, bizalela ya bangó; kotambwisa misala mia ekolo, mpe koyokana na bikolo bisusu; ezalí solondimbola ya politiki. Ezalí na mitindo mingi ya politiki, mpe politiki ekabwaní nzela misato: === kapitalismɛ === Nzela ya liboso, politiki ya [[kapitalismɛ]] elingí koloba politiki wapi bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mazalí mpɔ na basali tɛ kasi mazalí mpɔ na bomongo ya bokulaka babéngaka bango bakapitalistɛ elingí koloba bakóló-bokulaka mosələ. === sosialisime === Nzela ya mibale, [[sosialisime]] ezalí politiki ékopesa matomba ya mosala na maboro ya basali bangó moko mpe ékopekisa bokulaka ézala ya mwá liboke ya bato. === komynisime === Nzela ya misato, [[komynisime]] ezalí politiki ékosenga bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mázala mpo na bolamu ya lingomba, kasi ékopekisa bokulaka ya moto moko. 2335 2005-03-06T17:45:58Z Bombo 12 /* sosialisime */ [[category:lisangá]] '''Politiki''' ezalí bwanya ya koyangela makambo ma ekolo lokola mibeko mizalí kotinda; kobongisa bomoi ya bato, bizalela ya bangó; kotambwisa misala mia ekolo, mpe koyokana na bikolo bisusu; ezalí solondimbola ya politiki. Ezalí na mitindo mingi ya politiki, mpe politiki ekabwaní nzela misato: === kapitalismɛ === Nzela ya liboso, politiki ya [[kapitalismɛ]] elingí koloba politiki wapi bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mazalí mpɔ na basali tɛ kasi mazalí mpɔ na bomongo ya bokulaka babéngaka bango bakapitalistɛ elingí koloba bakóló-bokulaka mosələ. === sosialisimɛ === Nzela ya mibale, [[sosialisimɛ]] ezalí politiki ékopesa matomba ya mosala na mabɔrɔ ya basali bangó mɔkɔ mpe ékopekisa bokulaka ézala ya mwá liboke ya bato. === komynisime === Nzela ya misato, [[komynisime]] ezalí politiki ékosenga bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mázala mpo na bolamu ya lingomba, kasi ékopekisa bokulaka ya moto moko. 2384 2005-03-06T17:51:53Z Bombo 12 [[category:lisangá]] '''Politiki''' ezalí bwanya ya koyangela makambo ma ekolo lokola mibeko mizalí kotinda; kobɔngisa bomɔi ya bato, bizalela ya bangó; kotambwisa misala mia ekolo, mpe koyokana na bikolo bisusu; ezalí sɔlɔ ndimbola ya politiki. Ezalí na mitindo mingi ya politiki, mpe politiki ekabwaní nzela misato: === kapitalismɛ === Nzela ya liboso, politiki ya [[kapitalismɛ]] elingí koloba politiki wapi bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mazalí mpɔ na basali tɛ kasi mazalí mpɔ na bomongo ya bokulaka babéngaka bango bakapitalistɛ elingí koloba bakóló-bokulaka mosələ. === sosialisimɛ === Nzela ya mibale, [[sosialisimɛ]] ezalí politiki ékopesa matomba ya mosala na mabɔrɔ ya basali bangó mɔkɔ mpe ékopekisa bokulaka ézala ya mwá liboke ya bato. === komynisimɛ === Nzela ya misato, [[komynisimɛ]] ezalí politiki ékosenga bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mázala mpɔ na bolamu ya lingomba, kasi ékopekisa bokulaka ya moto mɔkɔ. 2386 2005-03-08T22:24:47Z Moyogo 11 [[category:lisangá]] '''Politiki''' ezalí bwányá ya koyángela [[likambo|makambo]] ma ekolo lokóla mibeko mizalí kotinda; kobɔngisa [[bomɔi]] ya [[moto|bato]], bizalela ya bangó; kotambwisa misala mia ekolo, mpe koyokana na bikolo bisusu; ezalí sɔlɔ ndimbola ya politiki. Ezalí na mitindo mingi ya politiki, mpe politiki ekabwaní nzela misato: === kapitalismɛ === Nzela ya liboso, politiki ya [[kapitalismɛ]] elingí koloba politiki wapi bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mazalí mpɔ na basali tɛ kasi mazalí mpɔ na bomongo ya bokulaka babéngaka bango bakapitalistɛ elingí koloba bakóló-bokulaka mosɔlɔ. === sosialisimɛ === Nzela ya mibale, [[sosialisimɛ]] ezalí politiki ékopesa matomba ya mosala na mabɔrɔ ya basali bangó mɔkɔ mpe ékopekisa bokulaka ézala ya mwá liboke ya bato. === komynisimɛ === Nzela ya misato, [[komynisimɛ]] ezalí politiki ékosenga bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mázala mpɔ na bolamu ya lingomba, kasi ékopekisa bokulaka ya moto mɔkɔ. [[an:Politica]] [[ar:سياسة]] [[ast:Política]] [[bg:Политика]] [[bn:রাজনীতি]] [[bs:Politika]] [[ca:Política]] [[cs:Politika]] [[da:Politik]] [[de:Politik]] [[en:Politics]] [[eo:Politiko]] [[es:Política]] [[et:Poliitika]] [[fa:سیاست]] [[fi:Politiikka]] [[fr:Politique]] [[ga:Polaitíocht]] [[gl:Política]] [[he:פוליטיקה]] [[hr:Politika]] [[ia:Politica]] [[it:Politica]] [[ja:政治]] [[la:Politica]] [[lb:Politik]] [[ms:Politik]] [[nds:Politik]] [[nl:Politiek]] [[no:Politikk]] [[pl:Polityka]] [[pt:Política]] [[simple:Politics]] [[sv:Politik]] [[sw:Siasa]] [[th:การเมือง]] [[tl:Politika]] [[tr:Politika]] [[uk:Політика]] [[zh:政治学]] 2387 2005-03-08T23:01:44Z Bombo 12 [[category:lisangá]] '''Politiki''' ezalí bwányá ya koyángela [[likambo|makambo]] ma ekolo lokóla mibeko mizalí kotinda; kobɔngisa [[bomɔi]] ya [[moto|bato]], bizalela ya bangó; kotambwisa misala mia ekolo, mpe koyokana na bikolo bisusu; ezalí sɔlɔ ndimbola ya politiki. Ezalí na mitindo mingi ya politiki, mpe politiki ekabwaní nzela misato: === kapitalismɛ === Nzela ya liboso, politiki ya [[kapitalismɛ]] elingí koloba politiki wapi bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mazalí mpɔ na basali tɛ kasi mazalí mpɔ na bomongo ya bokulaka babéngaka bango bakapitalistɛ elingí koloba bakóló-bokulaka mosɔlɔ. === sosialisimɛ === Nzela ya mibale, [[sosialisimɛ]] ezalí politiki ékopesa matomba ya mosala na mabɔrɔ ya basali bangó mɔkɔ mpe ékopekisa bokulaka ézala ya mwá liboke ya bato. === komynisimɛ === Nzela ya misato, [[komynisimɛ]] ezalí politiki ékosenga bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mázala mpɔ na bolamu ya lingomba, kasi ékopekisa bokulaka ya moto mɔkɔ. [[fr:Politique]] [[sw:Siasa]] [[en:Politics]] [[nl:Politiek]] [[pt:Política]] [[simple:Politics]] 2398 2005-03-09T04:30:30Z 24.251.243.233 rv - DO NOT remove interwiki links [[category:lisangá]] '''Politiki''' ezalí bwányá ya koyángela [[likambo|makambo]] ma ekolo lokóla mibeko mizalí kotinda; kobɔngisa [[bomɔi]] ya [[moto|bato]], bizalela ya bangó; kotambwisa misala mia ekolo, mpe koyokana na bikolo bisusu; ezalí sɔlɔ ndimbola ya politiki. Ezalí na mitindo mingi ya politiki, mpe politiki ekabwaní nzela misato: === Kapitalismɛ === Nzela ya liboso, politiki ya [[kapitalismɛ]] elingí koloba politiki wapi bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mazalí mpɔ na basali tɛ kasi mazalí mpɔ na bomongo ya bokulaka babéngaka bango bakapitalistɛ elingí koloba bakóló-bokulaka mosɔlɔ. === Sosialisimɛ === Nzela ya mibale, [[sosialisimɛ]] ezalí politiki ékopesa matomba ya mosala na mabɔrɔ ya basali bangó mɔkɔ mpe ékopekisa bokulaka ézala ya mwá liboke ya bato. === Komynisimɛ === Nzela ya misato, [[komynisimɛ]] ezalí politiki ékosenga bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mázala mpɔ na bolamu ya lingomba, kasi ékopekisa bokulaka ya moto mɔkɔ. [[an:Politica]] [[ar:سياسة]] [[ast:Política]] [[bg:Политика]] [[bn:রাজনীতি]] [[bs:Politika]] [[ca:Política]] [[cs:Politika]] [[da:Politik]] [[de:Politik]] [[en:Politics]] [[eo:Politiko]] [[es:Política]] [[et:Poliitika]] [[fa:سیاست]] [[fi:Politiikka]] [[fr:Politique]] [[ga:Polaitíocht]] [[gl:Política]] [[he:פוליטיקה]] [[hr:Politika]] [[ia:Politica]] [[it:Politica]] [[ja:政治]] [[la:Politica]] [[lb:Politik]] [[ms:Politik]] [[nds:Politik]] [[nl:Politiek]] [[no:Politikk]] [[pl:Polityka]] [[pt:Política]] [[simple:Politics]] [[sv:Politik]] [[sw:Siasa]] [[th:การเมือง]] [[tl:Politika]] [[tr:Politika]] [[uk:Політика]] [[zh:政治学]] 2407 2005-03-09T14:44:16Z Bombo 12 interwiki [[category:lisangá]] '''Politiki''' ezalí bwányá ya koyángela [[likambo|makambo]] ma ekolo lokóla mibeko mizalí kotinda; kobɔngisa [[bomɔi]] ya [[moto|bato]], bizalela ya bangó; kotambwisa misala mia ekolo, mpe koyokana na bikolo bisusu; ezalí sɔlɔ ndimbola ya politiki. Ezalí na mitindo mingi ya politiki, mpe politiki ekabwaní nzela misato: === Kapitalismɛ === Nzela ya liboso, politiki ya [[kapitalismɛ]] elingí koloba politiki wapi bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mazalí mpɔ na basali tɛ kasi mazalí mpɔ na bomongo ya bokulaka babéngaka bango bakapitalistɛ elingí koloba bakóló-bokulaka mosɔlɔ. === Sosialisimɛ === Nzela ya mibale, [[sosialisimɛ]] ezalí politiki ékopesa matomba ya mosala na mabɔrɔ ya basali bangó mɔkɔ mpe ékopekisa bokulaka ézala ya mwá liboke ya bato. === Komynisimɛ === Nzela ya misato, [[komynisimɛ]] ezalí politiki ékosenga bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mázala mpɔ na bolamu ya lingomba, kasi ékopekisa bokulaka ya moto mɔkɔ. [[en:Politics]] [[es:Política]] [[fr:Politique]] [[sw:Siasa]] 2441 2005-03-10T04:30:28Z 24.251.243.233 rv vandaliism [[category:lisangá]] '''Politiki''' ezalí bwányá ya koyángela [[likambo|makambo]] ma ekolo lokóla mibeko mizalí kotinda; kobɔngisa [[bomɔi]] ya [[moto|bato]], bizalela ya bangó; kotambwisa misala mia ekolo, mpe koyokana na bikolo bisusu; ezalí sɔlɔ ndimbola ya politiki. Ezalí na mitindo mingi ya politiki, mpe politiki ekabwaní nzela misato: === Kapitalismɛ === Nzela ya liboso, politiki ya [[kapitalismɛ]] elingí koloba politiki wapi bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mazalí mpɔ na basali tɛ kasi mazalí mpɔ na bomongo ya bokulaka babéngaka bango bakapitalistɛ elingí koloba bakóló-bokulaka mosɔlɔ. === Sosialisimɛ === Nzela ya mibale, [[sosialisimɛ]] ezalí politiki ékopesa matomba ya mosala na mabɔrɔ ya basali bangó mɔkɔ mpe ékopekisa bokulaka ézala ya mwá liboke ya bato. === Komynisimɛ === Nzela ya misato, [[komynisimɛ]] ezalí politiki ékosenga bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mázala mpɔ na bolamu ya lingomba, kasi ékopekisa bokulaka ya moto mɔkɔ. [[an:Politica]] [[ar:سياسة]] [[ast:Política]] [[bg:Политика]] [[bn:রাজনীতি]] [[bs:Politika]] [[ca:Política]] [[cs:Politika]] [[da:Politik]] [[de:Politik]] [[en:Politics]] [[eo:Politiko]] [[es:Política]] [[et:Poliitika]] [[fa:سیاست]] [[fi:Politiikka]] [[fr:Politique]] [[ga:Polaitíocht]] [[gl:Política]] [[he:פוליטיקה]] [[hr:Politika]] [[ia:Politica]] [[it:Politica]] [[ja:政治]] [[la:Politica]] [[lb:Politik]] [[ms:Politik]] [[nds:Politik]] [[nl:Politiek]] [[no:Politikk]] [[pl:Polityka]] [[pt:Política]] [[simple:Politics]] [[sv:Politik]] [[sw:Siasa]] [[th:การเมือง]] [[tl:Politika]] [[tr:Politika]] [[uk:Політика]] [[zh:政治学]] 2444 2005-03-18T20:30:34Z 80.218.21.70 /* Komynisimɛ */ [[category:lisangá]] '''Politiki''' ezalí bwányá ya koyángela [[likambo|makambo]] ma ekolo lokóla mibeko mizalí kotinda; kobɔngisa [[bomɔi]] ya [[moto|bato]], bizalela ya bangó; kotambwisa misala mia ekolo, mpe koyokana na bikolo bisusu; ezalí sɔlɔ ndimbola ya politiki. Ezalí na mitindo mingi ya politiki, mpe politiki ekabwaní nzela misato: === Kapitalismɛ === Nzela ya liboso, politiki ya [[kapitalismɛ]] elingí koloba politiki wapi bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mazalí mpɔ na basali tɛ kasi mazalí mpɔ na bomongo ya bokulaka babéngaka bango bakapitalistɛ elingí koloba bakóló-bokulaka mosɔlɔ. === Sosialisimɛ === Nzela ya mibale, [[sosialisimɛ]] ezalí politiki ékopesa matomba ya mosala na mabɔrɔ ya basali bangó mɔkɔ mpe ékopekisa bokulaka ézala ya mwá liboke ya bato. === Komynisimɛ === Nzela ya misato, [[komynisimɛ]] ezalí politiki ékosenga bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mázala mpɔ na bolamu ya lingomba, kasi ékopekisa bokulaka ya moto mɔkɔ. ===Mokango=== * [[Demokrasi]] [[an:Politica]] [[ar:سياسة]] [[ast:Política]] [[bg:Политика]] [[bn:রাজনীতি]] [[bs:Politika]] [[ca:Política]] [[cs:Politika]] [[da:Politik]] [[de:Politik]] [[en:Politics]] [[eo:Politiko]] [[es:Política]] [[et:Poliitika]] [[fa:سیاست]] [[fi:Politiikka]] [[fr:Politique]] [[ga:Polaitíocht]] [[gl:Política]] [[he:פוליטיקה]] [[hr:Politika]] [[ia:Politica]] [[it:Politica]] [[ja:政治]] [[la:Politica]] [[lb:Politik]] [[ms:Politik]] [[nds:Politik]] [[nl:Politiek]] [[no:Politikk]] [[pl:Polityka]] [[pt:Política]] [[simple:Politics]] [[sv:Politik]] [[sw:Siasa]] [[th:การเมือง]] [[tl:Politika]] [[tr:Politika]] [[uk:Політика]] [[zh:政治学]] 2445 2005-03-18T20:57:32Z 80.218.21.70 [[category:lisangá]] '''Politiki''' ezalí bwányá ya koyángela [[likambo|makambo]] ma ekolo lokóla mibeko mizalí kotinda; kobɔngisa [[bomɔi]] ya [[moto|bato]], bizalela ya bangó; kotambwisa misala mia ekolo, mpe koyokana na bikolo bisusu; ezalí sɔlɔ ndimbola ya politiki. Mwa likebisi litali liloba ''politiki''. Soki toyoki liloba «politiki» to «kosala politiki», tokanisaka nini? Tokanisaka: ''koyiba, kokosa, kosala mabe, kosala mayele''... Kasi politiki ya solo ezali bongo te. Liloba politiki euti na lokota la ba Grec: ''Polis'' elingi [[koloba mboka]], [[engumba]], [[ekolo]]. Politiki ezali mosala to ntoki ya boyangeli mboka to ekolo. Ezali bwanya to mayele ma koyeba boniboni bayangela mokili mwa bato, boniboni bakamba bato ba ekolo na ndenge elingi kosepelisa bato banso. Yango wana, na mosala mwa politiki, moto akoluka malamu mpo ya ye moko mpenza te, mpo ya libota lya ye te, akoluka se bolamu bwa batu banso lisanga. Ezalí na mitindo mingi ya politiki, mpe politiki ekabwaní nzela misato: === Kapitalismɛ === Nzela ya liboso, politiki ya [[kapitalismɛ]] elingí koloba politiki wapi bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mazalí mpɔ na basali tɛ kasi mazalí mpɔ na bomongo ya bokulaka babéngaka bango bakapitalistɛ elingí koloba bakóló-bokulaka mosɔlɔ. === Sosialisimɛ === Nzela ya mibale, [[sosialisimɛ]] ezalí politiki ékopesa matomba ya mosala na mabɔrɔ ya basali bangó mɔkɔ mpe ékopekisa bokulaka ézala ya mwá liboke ya bato. === Komynisimɛ === Nzela ya misato, [[komynisimɛ]] ezalí politiki ékosenga bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mázala mpɔ na bolamu ya lingomba, kasi ékopekisa bokulaka ya moto mɔkɔ. ===Mokango=== * [[Demokrasi]] ===Botángi=== * E. Dungia, (1992), Mobutu et l'argent du Zaïre. Révélations d'un diplomate, ex-agent secret, Paris, L'Harmattan, 215 p. * C. Braeckman, (1992), Le dinosaure. Le Zaïre de Mobutu, Paris, Fayard, 383 p. [[an:Politica]] [[ar:سياسة]] [[ast:Política]] [[bg:Политика]] [[bn:রাজনীতি]] [[bs:Politika]] [[ca:Política]] [[cs:Politika]] [[da:Politik]] [[de:Politik]] [[en:Politics]] [[eo:Politiko]] [[es:Política]] [[et:Poliitika]] [[fa:سیاست]] [[fi:Politiikka]] [[fr:Politique]] [[ga:Polaitíocht]] [[gl:Política]] [[he:פוליטיקה]] [[hr:Politika]] [[ia:Politica]] [[it:Politica]] [[ja:政治]] [[la:Politica]] [[lb:Politik]] [[ms:Politik]] [[nds:Politik]] [[nl:Politiek]] [[no:Politikk]] [[pl:Polityka]] [[pt:Política]] [[simple:Politics]] [[sv:Politik]] [[sw:Siasa]] [[th:การเมือง]] [[tl:Politika]] [[tr:Politika]] [[uk:Політика]] [[zh:政治学]] 2446 2005-03-18T20:59:29Z 80.218.21.70 [[category:lisangá]] '''Politiki''' ezalí bwányá ya koyángela [[likambo|makambo]] ma ekolo lokóla mibeko mizalí kotinda; kobɔngisa [[bomɔi]] ya [[moto|bato]], bizalela ya bangó; kotambwisa misala mia ekolo, mpe koyokana na bikolo bisusu; ezalí sɔlɔ ndimbola ya politiki. Mwa likebisi litali liloba ''politiki''. Soki toyoki liloba «politiki» to «kosala politiki», tokanisaka nini? Tokanisaka: ''koyiba, kokosa, kosala mabe, kosala mayele''... Kasi politiki ya solo ezali bongo te. Liloba politiki euti na lokota la [[bagrec]]: ''Polis'' elingi [[koloba mboka]], [[engumba]], [[ekolo]]. Politiki ezali mosala to ntoki ya boyangeli mboka to ekolo. Ezali bwanya to mayele ma koyeba boniboni bayangela mokili mwa bato, boniboni bakamba bato ba ekolo na ndenge elingi kosepelisa bato banso. Yango wana, na mosala mwa politiki, moto akoluka malamu mpo ya ye moko mpenza te, mpo ya libota lya ye te, akoluka se bolamu bwa batu banso lisanga. Ezalí na mitindo mingi ya politiki, mpe politiki ekabwaní nzela misato: === Kapitalismɛ === Nzela ya liboso, politiki ya [[kapitalismɛ]] elingí koloba politiki wapi bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mazalí mpɔ na basali tɛ kasi mazalí mpɔ na bomongo ya bokulaka babéngaka bango bakapitalistɛ elingí koloba bakóló-bokulaka mosɔlɔ. === Sosialisimɛ === Nzela ya mibale, [[sosialisimɛ]] ezalí politiki ékopesa matomba ya mosala na mabɔrɔ ya basali bangó mɔkɔ mpe ékopekisa bokulaka ézala ya mwá liboke ya bato. === Komynisimɛ === Nzela ya misato, [[komynisimɛ]] ezalí politiki ékosenga bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mázala mpɔ na bolamu ya lingomba, kasi ékopekisa bokulaka ya moto mɔkɔ. ===Mokango=== * [[Demokrasi]] ===Botángi=== * E. Dungia, (1992), Mobutu et l'argent du Zaïre. Révélations d'un diplomate, ex-agent secret, Paris, L'Harmattan, 215 p. * C. Braeckman, (1992), Le dinosaure. Le Zaïre de Mobutu, Paris, Fayard, 383 p. [[an:Politica]] [[ar:سياسة]] [[ast:Política]] [[bg:Политика]] [[bn:রাজনীতি]] [[bs:Politika]] [[ca:Política]] [[cs:Politika]] [[da:Politik]] [[de:Politik]] [[en:Politics]] [[eo:Politiko]] [[es:Política]] [[et:Poliitika]] [[fa:سیاست]] [[fi:Politiikka]] [[fr:Politique]] [[ga:Polaitíocht]] [[gl:Política]] [[he:פוליטיקה]] [[hr:Politika]] [[ia:Politica]] [[it:Politica]] [[ja:政治]] [[la:Politica]] [[lb:Politik]] [[ms:Politik]] [[nds:Politik]] [[nl:Politiek]] [[no:Politikk]] [[pl:Polityka]] [[pt:Política]] [[simple:Politics]] [[sv:Politik]] [[sw:Siasa]] [[th:การเมือง]] [[tl:Politika]] [[tr:Politika]] [[uk:Політика]] [[zh:政治学]] 2448 2005-03-18T21:03:15Z 80.218.21.70 [[category:lisangá]] '''Politiki''' ezalí bwányá ya koyángela [[likambo|makambo]] ma ekolo lokóla mibeko mizalí kotinda; kobɔngisa [[bomɔi]] ya [[moto|bato]], bizalela ya bangó; kotambwisa misala mia ekolo, mpe koyokana na bikolo bisusu; ezalí sɔlɔ ndimbola ya politiki. Mwa likebisi litali liloba ''politiki''. Soki toyoki liloba «politiki» to «kosala politiki», tokanisaka nini? Tokanisaka: ''koyiba, kokosa, kosala mabe, kosala mayele''... Kasi politiki ya solo ezali bongo te. Liloba politiki euti na [[lokótá la bagrec]]: ''Polis'' elingi [[koloba mboka]], [[engumba]], [[ekolo]]. Politiki ezali mosala to ntoki ya boyangeli mboka to ekolo. Ezali bwanya to mayele ma koyeba boniboni bayangela mokili mwa bato, boniboni bakamba bato ba ekolo na ndenge elingi kosepelisa bato banso. Yango wana, na mosala mwa politiki, moto akoluka malamu mpo ya ye moko mpenza te, mpo ya libota lya ye te, akoluka se bolamu bwa batu banso lisanga. Ezalí na mitindo mingi ya politiki, mpe politiki ekabwaní nzela misato: === Kapitalismɛ === Nzela ya liboso, politiki ya [[kapitalismɛ]] elingí koloba politiki wapi bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mazalí mpɔ na basali tɛ kasi mazalí mpɔ na bomongo ya bokulaka babéngaka bango bakapitalistɛ elingí koloba bakóló-bokulaka mosɔlɔ. === Sosialisimɛ === Nzela ya mibale, [[sosialisimɛ]] ezalí politiki ékopesa matomba ya mosala na mabɔrɔ ya basali bangó mɔkɔ mpe ékopekisa bokulaka ézala ya mwá liboke ya bato. === Komynisimɛ === Nzela ya misato, [[komynisimɛ]] ezalí politiki ékosenga bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mázala mpɔ na bolamu ya lingomba, kasi ékopekisa bokulaka ya moto mɔkɔ. ===Mokango=== * [[Demokrasi]] ===Botángi=== * E. Dungia, (1992), Mobutu et l'argent du Zaïre. Révélations d'un diplomate, ex-agent secret, Paris, L'Harmattan, 215 p. * C. Braeckman, (1992), Le dinosaure. Le Zaïre de Mobutu, Paris, Fayard, 383 p. [[an:Politica]] [[ar:سياسة]] [[ast:Política]] [[bg:Политика]] [[bn:রাজনীতি]] [[bs:Politika]] [[ca:Política]] [[cs:Politika]] [[da:Politik]] [[de:Politik]] [[en:Politics]] [[eo:Politiko]] [[es:Política]] [[et:Poliitika]] [[fa:سیاست]] [[fi:Politiikka]] [[fr:Politique]] [[ga:Polaitíocht]] [[gl:Política]] [[he:פוליטיקה]] [[hr:Politika]] [[ia:Politica]] [[it:Politica]] [[ja:政治]] [[la:Politica]] [[lb:Politik]] [[ms:Politik]] [[nds:Politik]] [[nl:Politiek]] [[no:Politikk]] [[pl:Polityka]] [[pt:Política]] [[simple:Politics]] [[sv:Politik]] [[sw:Siasa]] [[th:การเมือง]] [[tl:Politika]] [[tr:Politika]] [[uk:Політика]] [[zh:政治学]] 2657 2005-03-18T21:14:29Z 80.218.21.70 [[category:lisangá]] '''Politiki''' ezalí bwányá ya koyángela [[likambo|makambo]] ma ekolo lokóla mibeko mizalí kotinda; kobɔngisa [[bomɔi]] ya [[moto|bato]], bizalela ya bangó; kotambwisa misala mia ekolo, mpe koyokana na bikolo bisusu; ezalí sɔlɔ ndimbola ya politiki. Mwa likebisi litali liloba ''politiki''. Soki toyoki liloba «politiki» to «kosala politiki», tokanisaka nini? Tokanisaka: ''koyiba, kokosa, kosala mabe, kosala mayele''... Kasi politiki ya solo ezali bongo te. Liloba politiki euti na [[lokótá la bagrec]]: ''Polis'' elingi [[koloba mboka]], [[engumba]], [[ekolo]]. Politiki ezali mosala to ntoki ya boyangeli mboka to ekolo. Ezali bwanya to mayele ma koyeba boniboni bayangela mokili mwa bato, boniboni bakamba bato ba ekolo na ndenge elingi kosepelisa bato banso. Yango wana, na mosala mwa politiki, moto akoluka malamu mpo ya ye moko mpenza te, mpo ya libota lya ye te, akoluka se bolamu bwa batu banso lisanga. Ezalí na mitindo mingi ya politiki, mpe politiki ekabwaní nzela misato: === Kapitalismɛ === Nzela ya liboso, politiki ya [[kapitalismɛ]] elingí koloba politiki wapi bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mazalí mpɔ na basali tɛ kasi mazalí mpɔ na bomongo ya bokulaka babéngaka bango bakapitalistɛ elingí koloba bakóló-bokulaka mosɔlɔ. === Sosialisimɛ === Nzela ya mibale, [[sosialisimɛ]] ezalí politiki ékopesa matomba ya mosala na mabɔrɔ ya basali bangó mɔkɔ mpe ékopekisa bokulaka ézala ya mwá liboke ya bato. === Komynisimɛ === Nzela ya misato, [[komynisimɛ]] ezalí politiki ékosenga bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mázala mpɔ na bolamu ya lingomba, kasi ékopekisa bokulaka ya moto mɔkɔ. ===Mokango=== * [[Demokrasi]] * [[Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto]] ===Botángi=== * E. Dungia, (1992), Mobutu et l'argent du Zaïre. Révélations d'un diplomate, ex-agent secret, Paris, L'Harmattan, 215 p. * C. Braeckman, (1992), Le dinosaure. Le Zaïre de Mobutu, Paris, Fayard, 383 p. [[an:Politica]] [[ar:سياسة]] [[ast:Política]] [[bg:Политика]] [[bn:রাজনীতি]] [[bs:Politika]] [[ca:Política]] [[cs:Politika]] [[da:Politik]] [[de:Politik]] [[en:Politics]] [[eo:Politiko]] [[es:Política]] [[et:Poliitika]] [[fa:سیاست]] [[fi:Politiikka]] [[fr:Politique]] [[ga:Polaitíocht]] [[gl:Política]] [[he:פוליטיקה]] [[hr:Politika]] [[ia:Politica]] [[it:Politica]] [[ja:政治]] [[la:Politica]] [[lb:Politik]] [[ms:Politik]] [[nds:Politik]] [[nl:Politiek]] [[no:Politikk]] [[pl:Polityka]] [[pt:Política]] [[simple:Politics]] [[sv:Politik]] [[sw:Siasa]] [[th:การเมือง]] [[tl:Politika]] [[tr:Politika]] [[uk:Політика]] [[zh:政治学]] 2671 2005-05-11T04:42:29Z Moyogo 11 +{{ndámbo}} {{ndámbo}} [[category:lisangá]] '''Politiki''' ezalí bwányá ya koyángela [[likambo|makambo]] ma ekolo lokóla mibeko mizalí kotinda; kobɔngisa [[bomɔi]] ya [[moto|bato]], bizalela ya bangó; kotambwisa misala mia ekolo, mpe koyokana na bikolo bisusu; ezalí sɔlɔ ndimbola ya politiki. Mwa likebisi litali liloba ''politiki''. Soki toyoki liloba «politiki» to «kosala politiki», tokanisaka nini? Tokanisaka: ''koyiba, kokosa, kosala mabe, kosala mayele''... Kasi politiki ya solo ezali bongo te. Liloba politiki euti na [[lokótá la bagrec]]: ''Polis'' elingi [[koloba mboka]], [[engumba]], [[ekolo]]. Politiki ezali mosala to ntoki ya boyangeli mboka to ekolo. Ezali bwanya to mayele ma koyeba boniboni bayangela mokili mwa bato, boniboni bakamba bato ba ekolo na ndenge elingi kosepelisa bato banso. Yango wana, na mosala mwa politiki, moto akoluka malamu mpo ya ye moko mpenza te, mpo ya libota lya ye te, akoluka se bolamu bwa batu banso lisanga. Ezalí na mitindo mingi ya politiki, mpe politiki ekabwaní nzela misato: === Kapitalismɛ === Nzela ya liboso, politiki ya [[kapitalismɛ]] elingí koloba politiki wapi bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mazalí mpɔ na basali tɛ kasi mazalí mpɔ na bomongo ya bokulaka babéngaka bango bakapitalistɛ elingí koloba bakóló-bokulaka mosɔlɔ. === Sosialisimɛ === Nzela ya mibale, [[sosialisimɛ]] ezalí politiki ékopesa matomba ya mosala na mabɔrɔ ya basali bangó mɔkɔ mpe ékopekisa bokulaka ézala ya mwá liboke ya bato. === Komynisimɛ === Nzela ya misato, [[komynisimɛ]] ezalí politiki ékosenga bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mázala mpɔ na bolamu ya lingomba, kasi ékopekisa bokulaka ya moto mɔkɔ. ===Mokango=== * [[Demokrasi]] * [[Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto]] ===Botángi=== * E. Dungia, (1992), Mobutu et l'argent du Zaïre. Révélations d'un diplomate, ex-agent secret, Paris, L'Harmattan, 215 p. * C. Braeckman, (1992), Le dinosaure. Le Zaïre de Mobutu, Paris, Fayard, 383 p. [[an:Politica]] [[ar:سياسة]] [[ast:Política]] [[bg:Политика]] [[bn:রাজনীতি]] [[bs:Politika]] [[ca:Política]] [[cs:Politika]] [[da:Politik]] [[de:Politik]] [[en:Politics]] [[eo:Politiko]] [[es:Política]] [[et:Poliitika]] [[fa:سیاست]] [[fi:Politiikka]] [[fr:Politique]] [[ga:Polaitíocht]] [[gl:Política]] [[he:פוליטיקה]] [[hr:Politika]] [[ia:Politica]] [[it:Politica]] [[ja:政治]] [[la:Politica]] [[lb:Politik]] [[ms:Politik]] [[nds:Politik]] [[nl:Politiek]] [[no:Politikk]] [[pl:Polityka]] [[pt:Política]] [[simple:Politics]] [[sv:Politik]] [[sw:Siasa]] [[th:การเมือง]] [[tl:Politika]] [[tr:Politika]] [[uk:Політика]] [[zh:政治学]] 4637 2005-05-22T08:10:44Z 202.8.232.169 update zh: {{ndámbo}} [[category:lisangá]] '''Politiki''' ezalí bwányá ya koyángela [[likambo|makambo]] ma ekolo lokóla mibeko mizalí kotinda; kobɔngisa [[bomɔi]] ya [[moto|bato]], bizalela ya bangó; kotambwisa misala mia ekolo, mpe koyokana na bikolo bisusu; ezalí sɔlɔ ndimbola ya politiki. Mwa likebisi litali liloba ''politiki''. Soki toyoki liloba «politiki» to «kosala politiki», tokanisaka nini? Tokanisaka: ''koyiba, kokosa, kosala mabe, kosala mayele''... Kasi politiki ya solo ezali bongo te. Liloba politiki euti na [[lokótá la bagrec]]: ''Polis'' elingi [[koloba mboka]], [[engumba]], [[ekolo]]. Politiki ezali mosala to ntoki ya boyangeli mboka to ekolo. Ezali bwanya to mayele ma koyeba boniboni bayangela mokili mwa bato, boniboni bakamba bato ba ekolo na ndenge elingi kosepelisa bato banso. Yango wana, na mosala mwa politiki, moto akoluka malamu mpo ya ye moko mpenza te, mpo ya libota lya ye te, akoluka se bolamu bwa batu banso lisanga. Ezalí na mitindo mingi ya politiki, mpe politiki ekabwaní nzela misato: === Kapitalismɛ === Nzela ya liboso, politiki ya [[kapitalismɛ]] elingí koloba politiki wapi bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mazalí mpɔ na basali tɛ kasi mazalí mpɔ na bomongo ya bokulaka babéngaka bango bakapitalistɛ elingí koloba bakóló-bokulaka mosɔlɔ. === Sosialisimɛ === Nzela ya mibale, [[sosialisimɛ]] ezalí politiki ékopesa matomba ya mosala na mabɔrɔ ya basali bangó mɔkɔ mpe ékopekisa bokulaka ézala ya mwá liboke ya bato. === Komynisimɛ === Nzela ya misato, [[komynisimɛ]] ezalí politiki ékosenga bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mázala mpɔ na bolamu ya lingomba, kasi ékopekisa bokulaka ya moto mɔkɔ. ===Mokango=== * [[Demokrasi]] * [[Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto]] ===Botángi=== * E. Dungia, (1992), Mobutu et l'argent du Zaïre. Révélations d'un diplomate, ex-agent secret, Paris, L'Harmattan, 215 p. * C. Braeckman, (1992), Le dinosaure. Le Zaïre de Mobutu, Paris, Fayard, 383 p. [[an:Politica]] [[ar:سياسة]] [[ast:Política]] [[bg:Политика]] [[bn:রাজনীতি]] [[bs:Politika]] [[ca:Política]] [[cs:Politika]] [[da:Politik]] [[de:Politik]] [[en:Politics]] [[eo:Politiko]] [[es:Política]] [[et:Poliitika]] [[fa:سیاست]] [[fi:Politiikka]] [[fr:Politique]] [[ga:Polaitíocht]] [[gl:Política]] [[he:פוליטיקה]] [[hr:Politika]] [[ia:Politica]] [[it:Politica]] [[ja:政治]] [[la:Politica]] [[lb:Politik]] [[ms:Politik]] [[nds:Politik]] [[nl:Politiek]] [[no:Politikk]] [[pl:Polityka]] [[pt:Política]] [[simple:Politics]] [[sv:Politik]] [[sw:Siasa]] [[th:การเมือง]] [[tl:Politika]] [[tr:Politika]] [[uk:Політика]] [[zh:政治]] 5670 2005-07-25T01:29:38Z Themalau 22 {{ndámbo}} [[category:lisangá]] '''Politiki''' ezalí bwányá ya koyángela [[likambo|makambo]] ma ekolo lokóla mibeko mizalí kotinda; kobɔngisa [[bomɔi]] ya [[moto|bato]], bizalela ya bangó; kotambwisa misala mia ekolo, mpe koyokana na bikolo bisusu; ezalí sɔlɔ ndimbola ya politiki. Mwa likebisi litali liloba ''politiki''. Soki toyoki liloba «politiki» to «kosala politiki», tokanisaka nini? Tokanisaka: ''koyiba, kokosa, kosala mabe, kosala mayele''... Kasi politiki ya solo ezali bongo te. Liloba politiki euti na [[kigresi]] (lokótá la [[Gresi]]): ''Polis'' elingi koloba [[mboka]], [[engumba]], [[ekolo]], [[esé]]. Politiki ezali mosala to ntoki ya boyangeli mboka to ekolo. Ezali bwanya to mayele ma koyeba boniboni bayangela mokili mwa bato, boniboni bakamba bato ba ekolo na ndenge elingi kosepelisa bato banso. Yango wana, na mosala mwa politiki, moto akoluka malamu mpo ya ye moko mpenza te, mpo ya libota lya ye te, akoluka se bolamu bwa batu banso lisanga. Ezalí na mitindo mingi ya politiki, mpe politiki ekabwaní nzela misato: === Kapitalismɛ === Nzela ya liboso, politiki ya [[kapitalismɛ]] elingí koloba politiki wapi bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mazalí mpɔ na basali tɛ kasi mazalí mpɔ na bomongo ya bokulaka babéngaka bango bakapitalistɛ elingí koloba bakóló-bokulaka mosɔlɔ. === Sosialisimɛ === Nzela ya mibale, [[sosialisimɛ]] ezalí politiki ékopesa matomba ya mosala na mabɔrɔ ya basali bangó mɔkɔ mpe ékopekisa bokulaka ézala ya mwá liboke ya bato. === Komynisimɛ === Nzela ya misato, [[komynisimɛ]] ezalí politiki ékosenga bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mázala mpɔ na bolamu ya lingomba, kasi ékopekisa bokulaka ya moto mɔkɔ. ===Mokango=== * [[Demokrasi]] * [[Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto]] ===Botángi=== * E. Dungia, (1992), Mobutu et l'argent du Zaïre. Révélations d'un diplomate, ex-agent secret, Paris, L'Harmattan, 215 p. * C. Braeckman, (1992), Le dinosaure. Le Zaïre de Mobutu, Paris, Fayard, 383 p. [[an:Politica]] [[ar:سياسة]] [[ast:Política]] [[bg:Политика]] [[bn:রাজনীতি]] [[bs:Politika]] [[ca:Política]] [[cs:Politika]] [[da:Politik]] [[de:Politik]] [[en:Politics]] [[eo:Politiko]] [[es:Política]] [[et:Poliitika]] [[fa:سیاست]] [[fi:Politiikka]] [[fr:Politique]] [[ga:Polaitíocht]] [[gl:Política]] [[he:פוליטיקה]] [[hr:Politika]] [[ia:Politica]] [[it:Politica]] [[ja:政治]] [[la:Politica]] [[lb:Politik]] [[ms:Politik]] [[nds:Politik]] [[nl:Politiek]] [[no:Politikk]] [[pl:Polityka]] [[pt:Política]] [[simple:Politics]] [[sv:Politik]] [[sw:Siasa]] [[th:การเมือง]] [[tl:Politika]] [[tr:Politika]] [[uk:Політика]] [[zh:政治]] 6958 2005-11-21T12:06:46Z Bombo 12 kigresi > ligresi {{ndámbo}} [[category:lisangá]] '''Politiki''' ezalí bwányá ya koyángela [[likambo|makambo]] ma ekolo lokóla mibeko mizalí kotinda; kobɔngisa [[bomɔi]] ya [[moto|bato]], bizalela ya bangó; kotambwisa misala mia ekolo, mpe koyokana na bikolo bisusu; ezalí sɔlɔ ndimbola ya politiki. Mwa likebisi litali liloba ''politiki''. Soki toyoki liloba «politiki» to «kosala politiki», tokanisaka nini? Tokanisaka: ''koyiba, kokosa, kosala mabe, kosala mayele''... Kasi politiki ya solo ezali bongo te. Liloba politiki euti na [[ligresi]] (lokótá la [[Gresi]]): ''Polis'' elingi koloba [[mboka]], [[engumba]], [[ekolo]], [[esé]]. Politiki ezali mosala to ntoki ya boyangeli mboka to ekolo. Ezali bwanya to mayele ma koyeba boniboni bayangela mokili mwa bato, boniboni bakamba bato ba ekolo na ndenge elingi kosepelisa bato banso. Yango wana, na mosala mwa politiki, moto akoluka malamu mpo ya ye moko mpenza te, mpo ya libota lya ye te, akoluka se bolamu bwa batu banso lisanga. Ezalí na mitindo mingi ya politiki, mpe politiki ekabwaní nzela misato: === Kapitalismɛ === Nzela ya liboso, politiki ya [[kapitalismɛ]] elingí koloba politiki wapi bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mazalí mpɔ na basali tɛ kasi mazalí mpɔ na bomongo ya bokulaka babéngaka bango bakapitalistɛ elingí koloba bakóló-bokulaka mosɔlɔ. === Sosialisimɛ === Nzela ya mibale, [[sosialisimɛ]] ezalí politiki ékopesa matomba ya mosala na mabɔrɔ ya basali bangó mɔkɔ mpe ékopekisa bokulaka ézala ya mwá liboke ya bato. === Komynisimɛ === Nzela ya misato, [[komynisimɛ]] ezalí politiki ékosenga bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mázala mpɔ na bolamu ya lingomba, kasi ékopekisa bokulaka ya moto mɔkɔ. ===Mokango=== * [[Demokrasi]] * [[Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto]] ===Botángi=== * E. Dungia, (1992), Mobutu et l'argent du Zaïre. Révélations d'un diplomate, ex-agent secret, Paris, L'Harmattan, 215 p. * C. Braeckman, (1992), Le dinosaure. Le Zaïre de Mobutu, Paris, Fayard, 383 p. [[an:Politica]] [[ar:سياسة]] [[ast:Política]] [[bg:Политика]] [[bn:রাজনীতি]] [[bs:Politika]] [[ca:Política]] [[cs:Politika]] [[da:Politik]] [[de:Politik]] [[en:Politics]] [[eo:Politiko]] [[es:Política]] [[et:Poliitika]] [[fa:سیاست]] [[fi:Politiikka]] [[fr:Politique]] [[ga:Polaitíocht]] [[gl:Política]] [[he:פוליטיקה]] [[hr:Politika]] [[ia:Politica]] [[it:Politica]] [[ja:政治]] [[la:Politica]] [[lb:Politik]] [[ms:Politik]] [[nds:Politik]] [[nl:Politiek]] [[no:Politikk]] [[pl:Polityka]] [[pt:Política]] [[simple:Politics]] [[sv:Politik]] [[sw:Siasa]] [[th:การเมือง]] [[tl:Politika]] [[tr:Politika]] [[uk:Політика]] [[zh:政治]] 7536 2006-01-06T08:28:09Z Moyogo 11 ekólo {{ndámbo}} [[category:lisangá]] '''Politiki''' ezalí bwányá ya koyángela [[likambo|makambo]] ma ekolo lokóla mibeko mizalí kotinda; kobɔngisa [[bomɔi]] ya [[moto|bato]], bizalela ya bangó; kotambwisa misala mia ekolo, mpe koyokana na bikolo bisusu; ezalí sɔlɔ ndimbola ya politiki. Mwa likebisi litali liloba ''politiki''. Soki toyoki liloba «politiki» to «kosala politiki», tokanisaka nini? Tokanisaka: ''koyiba, kokosa, kosala mabe, kosala mayele''... Kasi politiki ya solo ezali bongo te. Liloba politiki euti na [[ligresi]] (lokótá la [[Gresi]]): ''Polis'' elingi koloba [[mboka]], [[engumba]], [[ekólo]], [[esé]]. Politiki ezali mosala to ntoki ya boyangeli mboka to ekolo. Ezali bwanya to mayele ma koyeba boniboni bayangela mokili mwa bato, boniboni bakamba bato ba ekolo na ndenge elingi kosepelisa bato banso. Yango wana, na mosala mwa politiki, moto akoluka malamu mpo ya ye moko mpenza te, mpo ya libota lya ye te, akoluka se bolamu bwa batu banso lisanga. Ezalí na mitindo mingi ya politiki, mpe politiki ekabwaní nzela misato: === Kapitalismɛ === Nzela ya liboso, politiki ya [[kapitalismɛ]] elingí koloba politiki wapi bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mazalí mpɔ na basali tɛ kasi mazalí mpɔ na bomongo ya bokulaka babéngaka bango bakapitalistɛ elingí koloba bakóló-bokulaka mosɔlɔ. === Sosialisimɛ === Nzela ya mibale, [[sosialisimɛ]] ezalí politiki ékopesa matomba ya mosala na mabɔrɔ ya basali bangó mɔkɔ mpe ékopekisa bokulaka ézala ya mwá liboke ya bato. === Komynisimɛ === Nzela ya misato, [[komynisimɛ]] ezalí politiki ékosenga bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mázala mpɔ na bolamu ya lingomba, kasi ékopekisa bokulaka ya moto mɔkɔ. ===Mokango=== * [[Demokrasi]] * [[Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto]] ===Botángi=== * E. Dungia, (1992), Mobutu et l'argent du Zaïre. Révélations d'un diplomate, ex-agent secret, Paris, L'Harmattan, 215 p. * C. Braeckman, (1992), Le dinosaure. Le Zaïre de Mobutu, Paris, Fayard, 383 p. [[an:Politica]] [[ar:سياسة]] [[ast:Política]] [[bg:Политика]] [[bn:রাজনীতি]] [[bs:Politika]] [[ca:Política]] [[cs:Politika]] [[da:Politik]] [[de:Politik]] [[en:Politics]] [[eo:Politiko]] [[es:Política]] [[et:Poliitika]] [[fa:سیاست]] [[fi:Politiikka]] [[fr:Politique]] [[ga:Polaitíocht]] [[gl:Política]] [[he:פוליטיקה]] [[hr:Politika]] [[ia:Politica]] [[it:Politica]] [[ja:政治]] [[la:Politica]] [[lb:Politik]] [[ms:Politik]] [[nds:Politik]] [[nl:Politiek]] [[no:Politikk]] [[pl:Polityka]] [[pt:Política]] [[simple:Politics]] [[sv:Politik]] [[sw:Siasa]] [[th:การเมือง]] [[tl:Politika]] [[tr:Politika]] [[uk:Політика]] [[zh:政治]] 8065 2006-04-25T13:27:49Z 160.85.2.50 {{ndámbo}} [[category:lisangá]] [[category:politiki]] '''Politiki''' ezalí bwányá ya koyángela [[likambo|makambo]] ma ekolo lokóla mibeko mizalí kotinda; kobɔngisa [[bomɔi]] ya [[moto|bato]], bizalela ya bangó; kotambwisa misala mia ekolo, mpe koyokana na bikolo bisusu; ezalí sɔlɔ ndimbola ya politiki. Mwa likebisi litali liloba ''politiki''. Soki toyoki liloba «politiki» to «kosala politiki», tokanisaka nini? Tokanisaka: ''koyiba, kokosa, kosala mabe, kosala mayele''... Kasi politiki ya solo ezali bongo te. Liloba politiki euti na [[ligresi]] (lokótá la [[Gresi]]): ''Polis'' elingi koloba [[mboka]], [[engumba]], [[ekólo]], [[esé]]. Politiki ezali mosala to ntoki ya boyangeli mboka to ekolo. Ezali bwanya to mayele ma koyeba boniboni bayangela mokili mwa bato, boniboni bakamba bato ba ekolo na ndenge elingi kosepelisa bato banso. Yango wana, na mosala mwa politiki, moto akoluka malamu mpo ya ye moko mpenza te, mpo ya libota lya ye te, akoluka se bolamu bwa batu banso lisanga. Ezalí na mitindo mingi ya politiki, mpe politiki ekabwaní nzela misato: === Kapitalismɛ === Nzela ya liboso, politiki ya [[kapitalismɛ]] elingí koloba politiki wapi bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mazalí mpɔ na basali tɛ kasi mazalí mpɔ na bomongo ya bokulaka babéngaka bango bakapitalistɛ elingí koloba bakóló-bokulaka mosɔlɔ. === Sosialisimɛ === Nzela ya mibale, [[sosialisimɛ]] ezalí politiki ékopesa matomba ya mosala na mabɔrɔ ya basali bangó mɔkɔ mpe ékopekisa bokulaka ézala ya mwá liboke ya bato. === Komynisimɛ === Nzela ya misato, [[komynisimɛ]] ezalí politiki ékosenga bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mázala mpɔ na bolamu ya lingomba, kasi ékopekisa bokulaka ya moto mɔkɔ. ===Mokango=== * [[Demokrasi]] * [[Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto]] ===Botángi=== * E. Dungia, (1992), Mobutu et l'argent du Zaïre. Révélations d'un diplomate, ex-agent secret, Paris, L'Harmattan, 215 p. * C. Braeckman, (1992), Le dinosaure. Le Zaïre de Mobutu, Paris, Fayard, 383 p. [[an:Politica]] [[ar:سياسة]] [[ast:Política]] [[bg:Политика]] [[bn:রাজনীতি]] [[bs:Politika]] [[ca:Política]] [[cs:Politika]] [[da:Politik]] [[de:Politik]] [[en:Politics]] [[eo:Politiko]] [[es:Política]] [[et:Poliitika]] [[fa:سیاست]] [[fi:Politiikka]] [[fr:Politique]] [[ga:Polaitíocht]] [[gl:Política]] [[he:פוליטיקה]] [[hr:Politika]] [[ia:Politica]] [[it:Politica]] [[ja:政治]] [[la:Politica]] [[lb:Politik]] [[ms:Politik]] [[nds:Politik]] [[nl:Politiek]] [[no:Politikk]] [[pl:Polityka]] [[pt:Política]] [[simple:Politics]] [[sv:Politik]] [[sw:Siasa]] [[th:การเมือง]] [[tl:Politika]] [[tr:Politika]] [[uk:Політика]] [[zh:政治]] 8100 2006-05-06T02:51:48Z 131.111.8.96 +10 interwiki {{ndámbo}} [[category:lisangá]] [[category:politiki]] '''Politiki''' ezalí bwányá ya koyángela [[likambo|makambo]] ma ekolo lokóla mibeko mizalí kotinda; kobɔngisa [[bomɔi]] ya [[moto|bato]], bizalela ya bangó; kotambwisa misala mia ekolo, mpe koyokana na bikolo bisusu; ezalí sɔlɔ ndimbola ya politiki. Mwa likebisi litali liloba ''politiki''. Soki toyoki liloba «politiki» to «kosala politiki», tokanisaka nini? Tokanisaka: ''koyiba, kokosa, kosala mabe, kosala mayele''... Kasi politiki ya solo ezali bongo te. Liloba politiki euti na [[ligresi]] (lokótá la [[Gresi]]): ''Polis'' elingi koloba [[mboka]], [[engumba]], [[ekólo]], [[esé]]. Politiki ezali mosala to ntoki ya boyangeli mboka to ekolo. Ezali bwanya to mayele ma koyeba boniboni bayangela mokili mwa bato, boniboni bakamba bato ba ekolo na ndenge elingi kosepelisa bato banso. Yango wana, na mosala mwa politiki, moto akoluka malamu mpo ya ye moko mpenza te, mpo ya libota lya ye te, akoluka se bolamu bwa batu banso lisanga. Ezalí na mitindo mingi ya politiki, mpe politiki ekabwaní nzela misato: === Kapitalismɛ === Nzela ya liboso, politiki ya [[kapitalismɛ]] elingí koloba politiki wapi bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mazalí mpɔ na basali tɛ kasi mazalí mpɔ na bomongo ya bokulaka babéngaka bango bakapitalistɛ elingí koloba bakóló-bokulaka mosɔlɔ. === Sosialisimɛ === Nzela ya mibale, [[sosialisimɛ]] ezalí politiki ékopesa matomba ya mosala na mabɔrɔ ya basali bangó mɔkɔ mpe ékopekisa bokulaka ézala ya mwá liboke ya bato. === Komynisimɛ === Nzela ya misato, [[komynisimɛ]] ezalí politiki ékosenga bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mázala mpɔ na bolamu ya lingomba, kasi ékopekisa bokulaka ya moto mɔkɔ. ===Mokango=== * [[Demokrasi]] * [[Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto]] ===Botángi=== * E. Dungia, (1992), Mobutu et l'argent du Zaïre. Révélations d'un diplomate, ex-agent secret, Paris, L'Harmattan, 215 p. * C. Braeckman, (1992), Le dinosaure. Le Zaïre de Mobutu, Paris, Fayard, 383 p. [[an:Politica]] [[ar:سياسة]] [[ast:Política]] [[bg:Политика]] [[bn:রাজনীতি]] [[br:Politikerezh]] [[bs:Politika]] [[ca:Política]] [[cs:Politika]] [[da:Politik]] [[de:Politik]] [[en:Politics]] [[eo:Politiko]] [[es:Política]] [[et:Poliitika]] [[fa:سیاست]] [[fi:Politiikka]] [[fr:Politique]] [[fur:Politiche]] [[ga:Polaitíocht]] [[gl:Política]] [[he:פוליטיקה]] [[hr:Politika]] [[hu:Politika]] [[ia:Politica]] [[id:Politik]] [[io:Politiko]] [[it:Politica]] [[ja:政治]] [[ka:პოლიტიკა]] [[ko:정치]] [[la:Politica]] [[lb:Politik]] [[li:Polletiek]] [[ms:Politik]] [[nds:Politik]] [[nl:Politiek]] [[no:Politikk]] [[pl:Polityka]] [[pt:Política]] [[sc:Polìtica]] [[scn:Pulitica]] [[simple:Politics]] [[sv:Politik]] [[sw:Siasa]] [[th:การเมือง]] [[tl:Politika]] [[tr:Politika]] [[uk:Політика]] [[zh:政治]] 8369 2006-06-11T15:53:52Z Bombo 12 /* Botángi */ {{ndámbo}} [[category:lisangá]] [[category:politiki]] '''Politiki''' ezalí bwányá ya koyángela [[likambo|makambo]] ma ekolo lokóla mibeko mizalí kotinda; kobɔngisa [[bomɔi]] ya [[moto|bato]], bizalela ya bangó; kotambwisa misala mia ekolo, mpe koyokana na bikolo bisusu; ezalí sɔlɔ ndimbola ya politiki. Mwa likebisi litali liloba ''politiki''. Soki toyoki liloba «politiki» to «kosala politiki», tokanisaka nini? Tokanisaka: ''koyiba, kokosa, kosala mabe, kosala mayele''... Kasi politiki ya solo ezali bongo te. Liloba politiki euti na [[ligresi]] (lokótá la [[Gresi]]): ''Polis'' elingi koloba [[mboka]], [[engumba]], [[ekólo]], [[esé]]. Politiki ezali mosala to ntoki ya boyangeli mboka to ekolo. Ezali bwanya to mayele ma koyeba boniboni bayangela mokili mwa bato, boniboni bakamba bato ba ekolo na ndenge elingi kosepelisa bato banso. Yango wana, na mosala mwa politiki, moto akoluka malamu mpo ya ye moko mpenza te, mpo ya libota lya ye te, akoluka se bolamu bwa batu banso lisanga. Ezalí na mitindo mingi ya politiki, mpe politiki ekabwaní nzela misato: === Kapitalismɛ === Nzela ya liboso, politiki ya [[kapitalismɛ]] elingí koloba politiki wapi bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mazalí mpɔ na basali tɛ kasi mazalí mpɔ na bomongo ya bokulaka babéngaka bango bakapitalistɛ elingí koloba bakóló-bokulaka mosɔlɔ. === Sosialisimɛ === Nzela ya mibale, [[sosialisimɛ]] ezalí politiki ékopesa matomba ya mosala na mabɔrɔ ya basali bangó mɔkɔ mpe ékopekisa bokulaka ézala ya mwá liboke ya bato. === Komynisimɛ === Nzela ya misato, [[komynisimɛ]] ezalí politiki ékosenga bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mázala mpɔ na bolamu ya lingomba, kasi ékopekisa bokulaka ya moto mɔkɔ. ===Mokango=== * [[Demokrasi]] * [[Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto]] ===Botángi=== * Bapu, M. et alii, ''Le Zaïre que nous voulons. Un projet de société''. Kinshasa: Cepas, 1993. * Braeckman, C., ''Le dinosaure. Le Zaïre de Mobutu.'' Paris: Fayard, 1992. 383 p. * Dungia, E., ''Mobutu et l'argent du Zaïre. Révélations d'un diplomate, ex-agent secret''. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1992. 215 p. * Esoavelomandroso, M. et Feltz, G., ''Démocratie et développement. Mirage ou espoir raisonnable?''. Paris, Karthala, 1995. * Kadima Tshimanga, B. et alii, ''De la démocratie au Zaïre: consensus lexicaux d'un peuple en délire''. A. M. d'Ans, 1995. [[an:Politica]] [[ar:سياسة]] [[ast:Política]] [[bg:Политика]] [[bn:রাজনীতি]] [[br:Politikerezh]] [[bs:Politika]] [[ca:Política]] [[cs:Politika]] [[da:Politik]] [[de:Politik]] [[en:Politics]] [[eo:Politiko]] [[es:Política]] [[et:Poliitika]] [[fa:سیاست]] [[fi:Politiikka]] [[fr:Politique]] [[fur:Politiche]] [[ga:Polaitíocht]] [[gl:Política]] [[he:פוליטיקה]] [[hr:Politika]] [[hu:Politika]] [[ia:Politica]] [[id:Politik]] [[io:Politiko]] [[it:Politica]] [[ja:政治]] [[ka:პოლიტიკა]] [[ko:정치]] [[la:Politica]] [[lb:Politik]] [[li:Polletiek]] [[ms:Politik]] [[nds:Politik]] [[nl:Politiek]] [[no:Politikk]] [[pl:Polityka]] [[pt:Política]] [[sc:Polìtica]] [[scn:Pulitica]] [[simple:Politics]] [[sv:Politik]] [[sw:Siasa]] [[th:การเมือง]] [[tl:Politika]] [[tr:Politika]] [[uk:Політика]] [[zh:政治]] 8370 2006-06-11T16:00:59Z Bombo 12 {{ndámbo}} [[category:lisangá]] [[category:politiki]] '''Politiki''' ezalí bwányá ya koyángela [[likambo|makambo]] ma ekolo lokóla mibeko mizalí kotinda; kobɔngisa [[bomɔi]] ya [[moto|bato]], bizalela ya bangó; kotambwisa misala mia ekolo, mpe koyokana na bikolo bisusu; ezalí sɔlɔ ndimbola ya politiki. Mwa likebisi litali liloba ''politiki''. Soki toyoki liloba «politiki» to «kosala politiki», tokanisaka nini? Tokanisaka: ''koyiba, kokosa, kosala mabe, kosala mayele''... Kasi politiki ya solo ezali bongo te. Liloba politiki euti na [[ligresi]] (lokótá la [[Gresi]]): ''Polis'' elingi koloba [[mboka]], [[engumba]], [[ekólo]], [[esé]]. Politiki ezali mosala to ntoki ya boyangeli mboka to ekolo. Ezali bwanya to mayele ma koyeba boniboni bayangela mokili mwa bato, boniboni bakamba bato ba ekolo na ndenge elingi kosepelisa bato banso. Yango wana, na mosala mwa politiki, moto akoluka malamu mpo ya ye moko mpenza te, mpo ya libota lya ye te, akoluka se bolamu bwa batu banso lisanga. Mpo ya ''bakonzi ba [[leta]]'', kosenga bato bazala non-viola, elingi koloba mbala mingi kosenga bango basala eloko moko te, ata bazali komona mpasi ndenge na ngenge..., batala se na miso ata babeti to babomi bango. Mpo ya parti politiki iboyi ''bisalela bya leta'', mingi bazali komitanga ba non-viola bobele mpo bazangi mandoki to bibuneli mpo ya kozongisela ''bakonzi ba leta'' violans eye bazali kosala bango. Mpo ya ba Eklezya, soki bazali na ngambo ya bakonzi ba leta, bakoteya non-violans oyo elingi koloba komitika na mpasi. E.alí na mitindo mingi ya politiki, mpe politiki ekabwaní nzela misato: === Kapitalismɛ === Nzela ya liboso, politiki ya [[kapitalismɛ]] elingí koloba politiki wapi bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mazalí mpɔ na basali tɛ kasi mazalí mpɔ na bomongo ya bokulaka babéngaka bango bakapitalistɛ elingí koloba bakóló-bokulaka mosɔlɔ. === Sosialisimɛ === Nzela ya mibale, [[sosialisimɛ]] ezalí politiki ékopesa matomba ya mosala na mabɔrɔ ya basali bangó mɔkɔ mpe ékopekisa bokulaka ézala ya mwá liboke ya bato. === Komynisimɛ === Nzela ya misato, [[komynisimɛ]] ezalí politiki ékosenga bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mázala mpɔ na bolamu ya lingomba, kasi ékopekisa bokulaka ya moto mɔkɔ. ===Mokango=== * [[Demokrasi]] * [[Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto]] ===Botángi=== * Bapu, M. et alii, ''Le Zaïre que nous voulons. Un projet de société''. Kinshasa: Cepas, 1993. * Braeckman, C., ''Le dinosaure. Le Zaïre de Mobutu.'' Paris: Fayard, 1992. 383 p. * Dungia, E., ''Mobutu et l'argent du Zaïre. Révélations d'un diplomate, ex-agent secret''. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1992. 215 p. * Esoavelomandroso, M. et Feltz, G., ''Démocratie et développement. Mirage ou espoir raisonnable?''. Paris, Karthala, 1995. * Kadima Tshimanga, B. et alii, ''De la démocratie au Zaïre: consensus lexicaux d'un peuple en délire''. A. M. d'Ans, 1995. * Mpundu, J., ''Kobongisa mboka na boboto''. Kinshasa: Éditions d'Esperance. [[an:Politica]] [[ar:سياسة]] [[ast:Política]] [[bg:Политика]] [[bn:রাজনীতি]] [[br:Politikerezh]] [[bs:Politika]] [[ca:Política]] [[cs:Politika]] [[da:Politik]] [[de:Politik]] [[en:Politics]] [[eo:Politiko]] [[es:Política]] [[et:Poliitika]] [[fa:سیاست]] [[fi:Politiikka]] [[fr:Politique]] [[fur:Politiche]] [[ga:Polaitíocht]] [[gl:Política]] [[he:פוליטיקה]] [[hr:Politika]] [[hu:Politika]] [[ia:Politica]] [[id:Politik]] [[io:Politiko]] [[it:Politica]] [[ja:政治]] [[ka:პოლიტიკა]] [[ko:정치]] [[la:Politica]] [[lb:Politik]] [[li:Polletiek]] [[ms:Politik]] [[nds:Politik]] [[nl:Politiek]] [[no:Politikk]] [[pl:Polityka]] [[pt:Política]] [[sc:Polìtica]] [[scn:Pulitica]] [[simple:Politics]] [[sv:Politik]] [[sw:Siasa]] [[th:การเมือง]] [[tl:Politika]] [[tr:Politika]] [[uk:Політика]] [[zh:政治]] 9528 2006-10-21T13:20:47Z Robbot 14 robot Ajoute: af, ceb, co, eu, fy, lt, mk, nn, nrm, ru, sco, sl, sq, su, vec Modifie: la, li {{ndámbo}} [[category:lisangá]] [[category:politiki]] '''Politiki''' ezalí bwányá ya koyángela [[likambo|makambo]] ma ekolo lokóla mibeko mizalí kotinda; kobɔngisa [[bomɔi]] ya [[moto|bato]], bizalela ya bangó; kotambwisa misala mia ekolo, mpe koyokana na bikolo bisusu; ezalí sɔlɔ ndimbola ya politiki. Mwa likebisi litali liloba ''politiki''. Soki toyoki liloba «politiki» to «kosala politiki», tokanisaka nini? Tokanisaka: ''koyiba, kokosa, kosala mabe, kosala mayele''... Kasi politiki ya solo ezali bongo te. Liloba politiki euti na [[ligresi]] (lokótá la [[Gresi]]): ''Polis'' elingi koloba [[mboka]], [[engumba]], [[ekólo]], [[esé]]. Politiki ezali mosala to ntoki ya boyangeli mboka to ekolo. Ezali bwanya to mayele ma koyeba boniboni bayangela mokili mwa bato, boniboni bakamba bato ba ekolo na ndenge elingi kosepelisa bato banso. Yango wana, na mosala mwa politiki, moto akoluka malamu mpo ya ye moko mpenza te, mpo ya libota lya ye te, akoluka se bolamu bwa batu banso lisanga. Mpo ya ''bakonzi ba [[leta]]'', kosenga bato bazala non-viola, elingi koloba mbala mingi kosenga bango basala eloko moko te, ata bazali komona mpasi ndenge na ngenge..., batala se na miso ata babeti to babomi bango. Mpo ya parti politiki iboyi ''bisalela bya leta'', mingi bazali komitanga ba non-viola bobele mpo bazangi mandoki to bibuneli mpo ya kozongisela ''bakonzi ba leta'' violans eye bazali kosala bango. Mpo ya ba Eklezya, soki bazali na ngambo ya bakonzi ba leta, bakoteya non-violans oyo elingi koloba komitika na mpasi. E.alí na mitindo mingi ya politiki, mpe politiki ekabwaní nzela misato: === Kapitalismɛ === Nzela ya liboso, politiki ya [[kapitalismɛ]] elingí koloba politiki wapi bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mazalí mpɔ na basali tɛ kasi mazalí mpɔ na bomongo ya bokulaka babéngaka bango bakapitalistɛ elingí koloba bakóló-bokulaka mosɔlɔ. === Sosialisimɛ === Nzela ya mibale, [[sosialisimɛ]] ezalí politiki ékopesa matomba ya mosala na mabɔrɔ ya basali bangó mɔkɔ mpe ékopekisa bokulaka ézala ya mwá liboke ya bato. === Komynisimɛ === Nzela ya misato, [[komynisimɛ]] ezalí politiki ékosenga bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mázala mpɔ na bolamu ya lingomba, kasi ékopekisa bokulaka ya moto mɔkɔ. ===Mokango=== * [[Demokrasi]] * [[Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto]] ===Botángi=== * Bapu, M. et alii, ''Le Zaïre que nous voulons. Un projet de société''. Kinshasa: Cepas, 1993. * Braeckman, C., ''Le dinosaure. Le Zaïre de Mobutu.'' Paris: Fayard, 1992. 383 p. * Dungia, E., ''Mobutu et l'argent du Zaïre. Révélations d'un diplomate, ex-agent secret''. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1992. 215 p. * Esoavelomandroso, M. et Feltz, G., ''Démocratie et développement. Mirage ou espoir raisonnable?''. Paris, Karthala, 1995. * Kadima Tshimanga, B. et alii, ''De la démocratie au Zaïre: consensus lexicaux d'un peuple en délire''. A. M. d'Ans, 1995. * Mpundu, J., ''Kobongisa mboka na boboto''. Kinshasa: Éditions d'Esperance. [[af:Politiek]] [[an:Politica]] [[ar:سياسة]] [[ast:Política]] [[bg:Политика]] [[bn:রাজনীতি]] [[br:Politikerezh]] [[bs:Politika]] [[ca:Política]] [[ceb:Politika]] [[co:Pulitica]] [[cs:Politika]] [[da:Politik]] [[de:Politik]] [[en:Politics]] [[eo:Politiko]] [[es:Política]] [[et:Poliitika]] [[eu:Politika]] [[fa:سیاست]] [[fi:Politiikka]] [[fr:Politique]] [[fur:Politiche]] [[fy:Polityk]] [[ga:Polaitíocht]] [[gl:Política]] [[he:פוליטיקה]] [[hr:Politika]] [[hu:Politika]] [[ia:Politica]] [[id:Politik]] [[io:Politiko]] [[it:Politica]] [[ja:政治]] [[ka:პოლიტიკა]] [[ko:정치]] [[la:Politia]] [[lb:Politik]] [[li:Politiek]] [[lt:Politika]] [[mk:Политика]] [[ms:Politik]] [[nds:Politik]] [[nl:Politiek]] [[nn:Politikk]] [[no:Politikk]] [[nrm:Politique]] [[pl:Polityka]] [[pt:Política]] [[ru:Политика]] [[sc:Polìtica]] [[scn:Pulitica]] [[sco:Politics]] [[simple:Politics]] [[sl:Politika]] [[sq:Politika]] [[su:Pulitik]] [[sv:Politik]] [[sw:Siasa]] [[th:การเมือง]] [[tl:Politika]] [[tr:Politika]] [[uk:Політика]] [[vec:Pułitega]] [[zh:政治]] 9561 2006-10-22T21:47:46Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: [[lv:Politika]] {{ndámbo}} [[category:lisangá]] [[category:politiki]] '''Politiki''' ezalí bwányá ya koyángela [[likambo|makambo]] ma ekolo lokóla mibeko mizalí kotinda; kobɔngisa [[bomɔi]] ya [[moto|bato]], bizalela ya bangó; kotambwisa misala mia ekolo, mpe koyokana na bikolo bisusu; ezalí sɔlɔ ndimbola ya politiki. Mwa likebisi litali liloba ''politiki''. Soki toyoki liloba «politiki» to «kosala politiki», tokanisaka nini? Tokanisaka: ''koyiba, kokosa, kosala mabe, kosala mayele''... Kasi politiki ya solo ezali bongo te. Liloba politiki euti na [[ligresi]] (lokótá la [[Gresi]]): ''Polis'' elingi koloba [[mboka]], [[engumba]], [[ekólo]], [[esé]]. Politiki ezali mosala to ntoki ya boyangeli mboka to ekolo. Ezali bwanya to mayele ma koyeba boniboni bayangela mokili mwa bato, boniboni bakamba bato ba ekolo na ndenge elingi kosepelisa bato banso. Yango wana, na mosala mwa politiki, moto akoluka malamu mpo ya ye moko mpenza te, mpo ya libota lya ye te, akoluka se bolamu bwa batu banso lisanga. Mpo ya ''bakonzi ba [[leta]]'', kosenga bato bazala non-viola, elingi koloba mbala mingi kosenga bango basala eloko moko te, ata bazali komona mpasi ndenge na ngenge..., batala se na miso ata babeti to babomi bango. Mpo ya parti politiki iboyi ''bisalela bya leta'', mingi bazali komitanga ba non-viola bobele mpo bazangi mandoki to bibuneli mpo ya kozongisela ''bakonzi ba leta'' violans eye bazali kosala bango. Mpo ya ba Eklezya, soki bazali na ngambo ya bakonzi ba leta, bakoteya non-violans oyo elingi koloba komitika na mpasi. E.alí na mitindo mingi ya politiki, mpe politiki ekabwaní nzela misato: === Kapitalismɛ === Nzela ya liboso, politiki ya [[kapitalismɛ]] elingí koloba politiki wapi bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mazalí mpɔ na basali tɛ kasi mazalí mpɔ na bomongo ya bokulaka babéngaka bango bakapitalistɛ elingí koloba bakóló-bokulaka mosɔlɔ. === Sosialisimɛ === Nzela ya mibale, [[sosialisimɛ]] ezalí politiki ékopesa matomba ya mosala na mabɔrɔ ya basali bangó mɔkɔ mpe ékopekisa bokulaka ézala ya mwá liboke ya bato. === Komynisimɛ === Nzela ya misato, [[komynisimɛ]] ezalí politiki ékosenga bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mázala mpɔ na bolamu ya lingomba, kasi ékopekisa bokulaka ya moto mɔkɔ. ===Mokango=== * [[Demokrasi]] * [[Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto]] ===Botángi=== * Bapu, M. et alii, ''Le Zaïre que nous voulons. Un projet de société''. Kinshasa: Cepas, 1993. * Braeckman, C., ''Le dinosaure. Le Zaïre de Mobutu.'' Paris: Fayard, 1992. 383 p. * Dungia, E., ''Mobutu et l'argent du Zaïre. Révélations d'un diplomate, ex-agent secret''. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1992. 215 p. * Esoavelomandroso, M. et Feltz, G., ''Démocratie et développement. Mirage ou espoir raisonnable?''. Paris, Karthala, 1995. * Kadima Tshimanga, B. et alii, ''De la démocratie au Zaïre: consensus lexicaux d'un peuple en délire''. A. M. d'Ans, 1995. * Mpundu, J., ''Kobongisa mboka na boboto''. Kinshasa: Éditions d'Esperance. [[af:Politiek]] [[an:Politica]] [[ar:سياسة]] [[ast:Política]] [[bg:Политика]] [[bn:রাজনীতি]] [[br:Politikerezh]] [[bs:Politika]] [[ca:Política]] [[ceb:Politika]] [[co:Pulitica]] [[cs:Politika]] [[da:Politik]] [[de:Politik]] [[en:Politics]] [[eo:Politiko]] [[es:Política]] [[et:Poliitika]] [[eu:Politika]] [[fa:سیاست]] [[fi:Politiikka]] [[fr:Politique]] [[fur:Politiche]] [[fy:Polityk]] [[ga:Polaitíocht]] [[gl:Política]] [[he:פוליטיקה]] [[hr:Politika]] [[hu:Politika]] [[ia:Politica]] [[id:Politik]] [[io:Politiko]] [[it:Politica]] [[ja:政治]] [[ka:პოლიტიკა]] [[ko:정치]] [[la:Politia]] [[lb:Politik]] [[li:Politiek]] [[lt:Politika]] [[lv:Politika]] [[mk:Политика]] [[ms:Politik]] [[nds:Politik]] [[nl:Politiek]] [[nn:Politikk]] [[no:Politikk]] [[nrm:Politique]] [[pl:Polityka]] [[pt:Política]] [[ru:Политика]] [[sc:Polìtica]] [[scn:Pulitica]] [[sco:Politics]] [[simple:Politics]] [[sl:Politika]] [[sq:Politika]] [[su:Pulitik]] [[sv:Politik]] [[sw:Siasa]] [[th:การเมือง]] [[tl:Politika]] [[tr:Politika]] [[uk:Політика]] [[vec:Pułitega]] [[zh:政治]] 9815 2006-11-19T17:53:51Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: lad, sh, sr, vi, yi Modifie: tr {{ndámbo}} [[category:lisangá]] [[category:politiki]] '''Politiki''' ezalí bwányá ya koyángela [[likambo|makambo]] ma ekolo lokóla mibeko mizalí kotinda; kobɔngisa [[bomɔi]] ya [[moto|bato]], bizalela ya bangó; kotambwisa misala mia ekolo, mpe koyokana na bikolo bisusu; ezalí sɔlɔ ndimbola ya politiki. Mwa likebisi litali liloba ''politiki''. Soki toyoki liloba «politiki» to «kosala politiki», tokanisaka nini? Tokanisaka: ''koyiba, kokosa, kosala mabe, kosala mayele''... Kasi politiki ya solo ezali bongo te. Liloba politiki euti na [[ligresi]] (lokótá la [[Gresi]]): ''Polis'' elingi koloba [[mboka]], [[engumba]], [[ekólo]], [[esé]]. Politiki ezali mosala to ntoki ya boyangeli mboka to ekolo. Ezali bwanya to mayele ma koyeba boniboni bayangela mokili mwa bato, boniboni bakamba bato ba ekolo na ndenge elingi kosepelisa bato banso. Yango wana, na mosala mwa politiki, moto akoluka malamu mpo ya ye moko mpenza te, mpo ya libota lya ye te, akoluka se bolamu bwa batu banso lisanga. Mpo ya ''bakonzi ba [[leta]]'', kosenga bato bazala non-viola, elingi koloba mbala mingi kosenga bango basala eloko moko te, ata bazali komona mpasi ndenge na ngenge..., batala se na miso ata babeti to babomi bango. Mpo ya parti politiki iboyi ''bisalela bya leta'', mingi bazali komitanga ba non-viola bobele mpo bazangi mandoki to bibuneli mpo ya kozongisela ''bakonzi ba leta'' violans eye bazali kosala bango. Mpo ya ba Eklezya, soki bazali na ngambo ya bakonzi ba leta, bakoteya non-violans oyo elingi koloba komitika na mpasi. E.alí na mitindo mingi ya politiki, mpe politiki ekabwaní nzela misato: === Kapitalismɛ === Nzela ya liboso, politiki ya [[kapitalismɛ]] elingí koloba politiki wapi bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mazalí mpɔ na basali tɛ kasi mazalí mpɔ na bomongo ya bokulaka babéngaka bango bakapitalistɛ elingí koloba bakóló-bokulaka mosɔlɔ. === Sosialisimɛ === Nzela ya mibale, [[sosialisimɛ]] ezalí politiki ékopesa matomba ya mosala na mabɔrɔ ya basali bangó mɔkɔ mpe ékopekisa bokulaka ézala ya mwá liboke ya bato. === Komynisimɛ === Nzela ya misato, [[komynisimɛ]] ezalí politiki ékosenga bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mázala mpɔ na bolamu ya lingomba, kasi ékopekisa bokulaka ya moto mɔkɔ. ===Mokango=== * [[Demokrasi]] * [[Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto]] ===Botángi=== * Bapu, M. et alii, ''Le Zaïre que nous voulons. Un projet de société''. Kinshasa: Cepas, 1993. * Braeckman, C., ''Le dinosaure. Le Zaïre de Mobutu.'' Paris: Fayard, 1992. 383 p. * Dungia, E., ''Mobutu et l'argent du Zaïre. Révélations d'un diplomate, ex-agent secret''. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1992. 215 p. * Esoavelomandroso, M. et Feltz, G., ''Démocratie et développement. Mirage ou espoir raisonnable?''. Paris, Karthala, 1995. * Kadima Tshimanga, B. et alii, ''De la démocratie au Zaïre: consensus lexicaux d'un peuple en délire''. A. M. d'Ans, 1995. * Mpundu, J., ''Kobongisa mboka na boboto''. Kinshasa: Éditions d'Esperance. [[af:Politiek]] [[an:Politica]] [[ar:سياسة]] [[ast:Política]] [[bg:Политика]] [[bn:রাজনীতি]] [[br:Politikerezh]] [[bs:Politika]] [[ca:Política]] [[ceb:Politika]] [[co:Pulitica]] [[cs:Politika]] [[da:Politik]] [[de:Politik]] [[en:Politics]] [[eo:Politiko]] [[es:Política]] [[et:Poliitika]] [[eu:Politika]] [[fa:سیاست]] [[fi:Politiikka]] [[fr:Politique]] [[fur:Politiche]] [[fy:Polityk]] [[ga:Polaitíocht]] [[gl:Política]] [[he:פוליטיקה]] [[hr:Politika]] [[hu:Politika]] [[ia:Politica]] [[id:Politik]] [[io:Politiko]] [[it:Politica]] [[ja:政治]] [[ka:პოლიტიკა]] [[ko:정치]] [[la:Politia]] [[lad:Politika]] [[lb:Politik]] [[li:Politiek]] [[lt:Politika]] [[lv:Politika]] [[mk:Политика]] [[ms:Politik]] [[nds:Politik]] [[nl:Politiek]] [[nn:Politikk]] [[no:Politikk]] [[nrm:Politique]] [[pl:Polityka]] [[pt:Política]] [[ru:Политика]] [[sc:Polìtica]] [[scn:Pulitica]] [[sco:Politics]] [[sh:Politika]] [[simple:Politics]] [[sl:Politika]] [[sq:Politika]] [[sr:Политика]] [[su:Pulitik]] [[sv:Politik]] [[sw:Siasa]] [[th:การเมือง]] [[tl:Politika]] [[tr:Siyaset]] [[uk:Політика]] [[vec:Pułitega]] [[vi:Chính trị]] [[yi:פאליטיק]] [[zh:政治]] 10023 2006-12-20T21:35:02Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: bar, bat-smg, sk, ta Modifie: scn {{ndámbo}} [[category:lisangá]] [[category:politiki]] '''Politiki''' ezalí bwányá ya koyángela [[likambo|makambo]] ma ekolo lokóla mibeko mizalí kotinda; kobɔngisa [[bomɔi]] ya [[moto|bato]], bizalela ya bangó; kotambwisa misala mia ekolo, mpe koyokana na bikolo bisusu; ezalí sɔlɔ ndimbola ya politiki. Mwa likebisi litali liloba ''politiki''. Soki toyoki liloba «politiki» to «kosala politiki», tokanisaka nini? Tokanisaka: ''koyiba, kokosa, kosala mabe, kosala mayele''... Kasi politiki ya solo ezali bongo te. Liloba politiki euti na [[ligresi]] (lokótá la [[Gresi]]): ''Polis'' elingi koloba [[mboka]], [[engumba]], [[ekólo]], [[esé]]. Politiki ezali mosala to ntoki ya boyangeli mboka to ekolo. Ezali bwanya to mayele ma koyeba boniboni bayangela mokili mwa bato, boniboni bakamba bato ba ekolo na ndenge elingi kosepelisa bato banso. Yango wana, na mosala mwa politiki, moto akoluka malamu mpo ya ye moko mpenza te, mpo ya libota lya ye te, akoluka se bolamu bwa batu banso lisanga. Mpo ya ''bakonzi ba [[leta]]'', kosenga bato bazala non-viola, elingi koloba mbala mingi kosenga bango basala eloko moko te, ata bazali komona mpasi ndenge na ngenge..., batala se na miso ata babeti to babomi bango. Mpo ya parti politiki iboyi ''bisalela bya leta'', mingi bazali komitanga ba non-viola bobele mpo bazangi mandoki to bibuneli mpo ya kozongisela ''bakonzi ba leta'' violans eye bazali kosala bango. Mpo ya ba Eklezya, soki bazali na ngambo ya bakonzi ba leta, bakoteya non-violans oyo elingi koloba komitika na mpasi. E.alí na mitindo mingi ya politiki, mpe politiki ekabwaní nzela misato: === Kapitalismɛ === Nzela ya liboso, politiki ya [[kapitalismɛ]] elingí koloba politiki wapi bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mazalí mpɔ na basali tɛ kasi mazalí mpɔ na bomongo ya bokulaka babéngaka bango bakapitalistɛ elingí koloba bakóló-bokulaka mosɔlɔ. === Sosialisimɛ === Nzela ya mibale, [[sosialisimɛ]] ezalí politiki ékopesa matomba ya mosala na mabɔrɔ ya basali bangó mɔkɔ mpe ékopekisa bokulaka ézala ya mwá liboke ya bato. === Komynisimɛ === Nzela ya misato, [[komynisimɛ]] ezalí politiki ékosenga bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mázala mpɔ na bolamu ya lingomba, kasi ékopekisa bokulaka ya moto mɔkɔ. ===Mokango=== * [[Demokrasi]] * [[Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto]] ===Botángi=== * Bapu, M. et alii, ''Le Zaïre que nous voulons. Un projet de société''. Kinshasa: Cepas, 1993. * Braeckman, C., ''Le dinosaure. Le Zaïre de Mobutu.'' Paris: Fayard, 1992. 383 p. * Dungia, E., ''Mobutu et l'argent du Zaïre. Révélations d'un diplomate, ex-agent secret''. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1992. 215 p. * Esoavelomandroso, M. et Feltz, G., ''Démocratie et développement. Mirage ou espoir raisonnable?''. Paris, Karthala, 1995. * Kadima Tshimanga, B. et alii, ''De la démocratie au Zaïre: consensus lexicaux d'un peuple en délire''. A. M. d'Ans, 1995. * Mpundu, J., ''Kobongisa mboka na boboto''. Kinshasa: Éditions d'Esperance. [[af:Politiek]] [[an:Politica]] [[ar:سياسة]] [[ast:Política]] [[bar:Politik]] [[bat-smg:Puolitėka]] [[bg:Политика]] [[bn:রাজনীতি]] [[br:Politikerezh]] [[bs:Politika]] [[ca:Política]] [[ceb:Politika]] [[co:Pulitica]] [[cs:Politika]] [[da:Politik]] [[de:Politik]] [[en:Politics]] [[eo:Politiko]] [[es:Política]] [[et:Poliitika]] [[eu:Politika]] [[fa:سیاست]] [[fi:Politiikka]] [[fr:Politique]] [[fur:Politiche]] [[fy:Polityk]] [[ga:Polaitíocht]] [[gl:Política]] [[he:פוליטיקה]] [[hr:Politika]] [[hu:Politika]] [[ia:Politica]] [[id:Politik]] [[io:Politiko]] [[it:Politica]] [[ja:政治]] [[ka:პოლიტიკა]] [[ko:정치]] [[la:Politia]] [[lad:Politika]] [[lb:Politik]] [[li:Politiek]] [[lt:Politika]] [[lv:Politika]] [[mk:Политика]] [[ms:Politik]] [[nds:Politik]] [[nl:Politiek]] [[nn:Politikk]] [[no:Politikk]] [[nrm:Politique]] [[pl:Polityka]] [[pt:Política]] [[ru:Политика]] [[sc:Polìtica]] [[scn:Pulìtica]] [[sco:Politics]] [[sh:Politika]] [[simple:Politics]] [[sk:Politika]] [[sl:Politika]] [[sq:Politika]] [[sr:Политика]] [[su:Pulitik]] [[sv:Politik]] [[sw:Siasa]] [[ta:அரசியல்]] [[th:การเมือง]] [[tl:Politika]] [[tr:Siyaset]] [[uk:Політика]] [[vec:Pułitega]] [[vi:Chính trị]] [[yi:פאליטיק]] [[zh:政治]] Sosialisime 1071 2338 2005-03-06T01:48:20Z Bombo 12 [[category:lisangá]] [[Image:Hw-marx.jpg|thumb|Karl Marx, 1818 - 1883]] Sosialisime ezalí [[politiki]] ékopesa matomba ya mosala na maboro ya basali bangó moko mpe ékopekisa bokulaka ézala ya mwá liboke ya bato. 4639 2005-03-06T17:59:44Z Bombo 12 #REDIRECT [[Sosialisimɛ]] User:Moyogo/Lexique 1073 2322 2005-03-06T12:40:37Z Moyogo 11 mbúla - année 4641 2005-03-06T12:45:29Z Moyogo 11 mbúla - année * edit o changer - 1. kobalola (retourner) 2. kobóngola (retourner, transformer) o transformer - kokómisa (faire parvenir, rendre) o modifier - kobalusa * histoire - likambo (acte, procès, litige, jugement) * montrer - 1. kolakisa (expliquer, instruire) 2. kotálisa (indiquer) * sauver - kokósoli (?) * suivre - kolanda * discussion - ntembe * préférences - ? * contributions - ntáko (patente, licence, taxe)?, mpáko (patente, licence, taxe)? * accueil/mainpage - lonkásá ya liboso Wikipedia talk:Bísó na bísó 1074 2327 2005-03-06T16:35:51Z 80.218.21.70 '''INFORMATION IMPORTANTE''' A CEUX QUI NE COMPRENNENT PAS QUELQUES MOTS ET PHRASES SUR LA PAGE COMMUNAUTAIRE Nous avons coup�/copi� quelques �l�ments des encyclop�dies Wikip�dia fran�aise et alsacienne pour avoir la mise en page et pour ne rien oublier. Nous sommes en train de tout traduire en '''lingal�''' (mais pour l'instant y reste quelques fragments en fran�ais et alsacien; mes excuses!). Si vous avez le temps, merci de nous venir en aide. --[[User:80.218.21.70|80.218.21.70]] 16:35, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) 4642 2005-03-06T16:41:17Z Bombo 12 '''INFORMATION IMPORTANTE''' A CEUX QUI NE COMPRENNENT PAS QUELQUES MOTS ET PHRASES SUR LA PAGE COMMUNAUTAIRE Nous avons coupé/copié quelques éléments des encyclopédies Wikipédia française et alsacienne pour avoir la mise en page et pour ne rien oublier. Nous sommes en train de tout traduire en '''lingalá''' (mais pour l'instant y reste quelques fragments en français et alsacien; mes excuses!). Si vous avez le temps, merci de nous venir en aide. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 16:35, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) 6279 2005-09-20T12:27:14Z Bombo 12 '''INFORMATION IMPORTANTE''' A CEUX QUI NE COMPRENNENT PAS QUELQUES MOTS ET PHRASES SUR LA PAGE COMMUNAUTAIRE Nous avons coupé/copié quelques éléments des encyclopédies Wikipédia française et alsacienne pour avoir la mise en page et pour ne rien oublier. Nous sommes en train de tout traduire en '''lingalá''' (mais pour l'instant y reste quelques fragments en français et alsacien; mes excuses!). Si vous avez le temps, merci de nous venir en aide. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 16:35, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == Un nom pour "Community Portal" == Selon la société (et le temps) où on parle la langue réspective, cette page a des noms differents, mais ils dénomment toujours un lieu de renccontre populaire. '''en dehors''' * Village pump (fontaine du village; angalais) * Esplanade (portugais) '''ou a l'interieur''' * Café (espagnol) * Le Bistrot (français) * Bar (italien) * De Stamminet (table ronde au bistrot; Luxembourg) Nous cherchons ici des idées pour la Wikipedia Lingála qui vont bien avec les traditions congolaises. 6280 2005-09-20T12:27:30Z Bombo 12 '''INFORMATION IMPORTANTE''' A CEUX QUI NE COMPRENNENT PAS QUELQUES MOTS ET PHRASES SUR LA PAGE COMMUNAUTAIRE Nous avons coupé/copié quelques éléments des encyclopédies Wikipédia française et alsacienne pour avoir la mise en page et pour ne rien oublier. Nous sommes en train de tout traduire en '''lingalá''' (mais pour l'instant y reste quelques fragments en français et alsacien; mes excuses!). Si vous avez le temps, merci de nous venir en aide. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 16:35, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == Un nom pour "Community Portal" == Selon la société (et le temps) où on parle la langue réspective, cette page a des noms differents, mais ils dénomment toujours un lieu de renccontre populaire. '''en dehors''' * Village pump (fontaine du village; angalais) * Esplanade (portugais) '''ou a l'interieur''' * Café (espagnol) * Le Bistrot (français) * Bar (italien) * De Stamminet (table ronde au bistrot; Luxembourg) Nous cherchons ici des idées pour la Wikipedia Lingála qui vont bien avec les traditions congolaises. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 20 septembere 2005 (UTC) 6995 2005-11-23T11:31:10Z Bombo 12 /* Un nom pour "Community Portal" */ '''INFORMATION IMPORTANTE''' A CEUX QUI NE COMPRENNENT PAS QUELQUES MOTS ET PHRASES SUR LA PAGE COMMUNAUTAIRE Nous avons coupé/copié quelques éléments des encyclopédies Wikipédia française et alsacienne pour avoir la mise en page et pour ne rien oublier. Nous sommes en train de tout traduire en '''lingalá''' (mais pour l'instant y reste quelques fragments en français et alsacien; mes excuses!). Si vous avez le temps, merci de nous venir en aide. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 16:35, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == Un nom pour "Community Portal" == Selon la société (et le temps) où on parle la langue réspective, cette page a des noms differents, mais ils dénomment toujours un lieu de renccontre populaire. '''en dehors''' * Village pump (fontaine du village; angalais) * Esplanade (portugais) '''ou a l'interieur''' * Café (espagnol) * Le Bistrot (français) * Bar (italien) * De Stamminet (table ronde au bistrot; Luxembourg) Nous cherchons ici des idées pour la Wikipedia Lingála qui vont bien avec les traditions congolaises. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 20 septembere 2005 (UTC) : '''Arbre à palabre''' (en lingála) – ou est-ce que c'est du passé? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 11:31, 23 novembere 2005 (UTC) 6996 2005-11-23T12:34:18Z Moyogo 11 /* Un nom pour "Community Portal" */ '''INFORMATION IMPORTANTE''' A CEUX QUI NE COMPRENNENT PAS QUELQUES MOTS ET PHRASES SUR LA PAGE COMMUNAUTAIRE Nous avons coupé/copié quelques éléments des encyclopédies Wikipédia française et alsacienne pour avoir la mise en page et pour ne rien oublier. Nous sommes en train de tout traduire en '''lingalá''' (mais pour l'instant y reste quelques fragments en français et alsacien; mes excuses!). Si vous avez le temps, merci de nous venir en aide. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 16:35, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == Un nom pour "Community Portal" == Selon la société (et le temps) où on parle la langue réspective, cette page a des noms differents, mais ils dénomment toujours un lieu de renccontre populaire. '''en dehors''' * Village pump (fontaine du village; angalais) * Esplanade (portugais) '''ou a l'interieur''' * Café (espagnol) * Le Bistrot (français) * Bar (italien) * De Stamminet (table ronde au bistrot; Luxembourg) Nous cherchons ici des idées pour la Wikipedia Lingála qui vont bien avec les traditions congolaises. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 20 septembere 2005 (UTC) : '''Arbre à palabre''' (en lingála) – ou est-ce que c'est du passé? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 11:31, 23 novembere 2005 (UTC) : '''Bísó na bísó''' : Entre nous ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 12:34, 23 novembere 2005 (UTC) 7250 2005-12-06T14:28:27Z Bombo 12 [[Wikipedia talk:Community Portal]] moved to [[Wikipedia talk:Bísó na bísó]] '''INFORMATION IMPORTANTE''' A CEUX QUI NE COMPRENNENT PAS QUELQUES MOTS ET PHRASES SUR LA PAGE COMMUNAUTAIRE Nous avons coupé/copié quelques éléments des encyclopédies Wikipédia française et alsacienne pour avoir la mise en page et pour ne rien oublier. Nous sommes en train de tout traduire en '''lingalá''' (mais pour l'instant y reste quelques fragments en français et alsacien; mes excuses!). Si vous avez le temps, merci de nous venir en aide. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 16:35, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == Un nom pour "Community Portal" == Selon la société (et le temps) où on parle la langue réspective, cette page a des noms differents, mais ils dénomment toujours un lieu de renccontre populaire. '''en dehors''' * Village pump (fontaine du village; angalais) * Esplanade (portugais) '''ou a l'interieur''' * Café (espagnol) * Le Bistrot (français) * Bar (italien) * De Stamminet (table ronde au bistrot; Luxembourg) Nous cherchons ici des idées pour la Wikipedia Lingála qui vont bien avec les traditions congolaises. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 20 septembere 2005 (UTC) : '''Arbre à palabre''' (en lingála) – ou est-ce que c'est du passé? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 11:31, 23 novembere 2005 (UTC) : '''Bísó na bísó''' : Entre nous ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 12:34, 23 novembere 2005 (UTC) 7709 2006-02-10T11:32:11Z 83.28.143.98 [[Kurów]] '''INFORMATION IMPORTANTE''' A CEUX QUI NE COMPRENNENT PAS QUELQUES MOTS ET PHRASES SUR LA PAGE COMMUNAUTAIRE Nous avons coupé/copié quelques éléments des encyclopédies Wikipédia française et alsacienne pour avoir la mise en page et pour ne rien oublier. Nous sommes en train de tout traduire en '''lingalá''' (mais pour l'instant y reste quelques fragments en français et alsacien; mes excuses!). Si vous avez le temps, merci de nous venir en aide. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 16:35, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == Un nom pour "Community Portal" == Selon la société (et le temps) où on parle la langue réspective, cette page a des noms differents, mais ils dénomment toujours un lieu de renccontre populaire. '''en dehors''' * Village pump (fontaine du village; angalais) * Esplanade (portugais) '''ou a l'interieur''' * Café (espagnol) * Le Bistrot (français) * Bar (italien) * De Stamminet (table ronde au bistrot; Luxembourg) Nous cherchons ici des idées pour la Wikipedia Lingála qui vont bien avec les traditions congolaises. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 20 septembere 2005 (UTC) : '''Arbre à palabre''' (en lingála) – ou est-ce que c'est du passé? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 11:31, 23 novembere 2005 (UTC) : '''Bísó na bísó''' : Entre nous ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 12:34, 23 novembere 2005 (UTC) == [[Kurów]] == Could they please write a stub http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w - just a few sentences based on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w or de wiki? Only 2 -5 sentences enough. Please. [[pl:User:Pietras1988|Pietras1988]] 11:32, 10 febuari 2006 (UTC) 8362 2006-06-08T00:20:55Z Moyogo 11 Nkómbó '''INFORMATION IMPORTANTE''' A CEUX QUI NE COMPRENNENT PAS QUELQUES MOTS ET PHRASES SUR LA PAGE COMMUNAUTAIRE Nous avons coupé/copié quelques éléments des encyclopédies Wikipédia française et alsacienne pour avoir la mise en page et pour ne rien oublier. Nous sommes en train de tout traduire en '''lingalá''' (mais pour l'instant y reste quelques fragments en français et alsacien; mes excuses!). Si vous avez le temps, merci de nous venir en aide. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 16:35, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == Un nom pour "Community Portal" == Selon la société (et le temps) où on parle la langue réspective, cette page a des noms differents, mais ils dénomment toujours un lieu de renccontre populaire. '''en dehors''' * Village pump (fontaine du village; angalais) * Esplanade (portugais) '''ou a l'interieur''' * Café (espagnol) * Le Bistrot (français) * Bar (italien) * De Stamminet (table ronde au bistrot; Luxembourg) Nous cherchons ici des idées pour la Wikipedia Lingála qui vont bien avec les traditions congolaises. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 20 septembere 2005 (UTC) : '''Arbre à palabre''' (en lingála) – ou est-ce que c'est du passé? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 11:31, 23 novembere 2005 (UTC) : '''Bísó na bísó''' : Entre nous ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 12:34, 23 novembere 2005 (UTC) == [[Kurów]] == Could they please write a stub http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w - just a few sentences based on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w or de wiki? Only 2 -5 sentences enough. Please. [[pl:User:Pietras1988|Pietras1988]] 11:32, 10 febuari 2006 (UTC) == Nkómbó == Mbɔ́tɛ, Je me demandais s'il ne serait pas pratique de reprendre les habitudes de certains d'écrire le nom de famille en lettres capitales. Ceci permettrait de s'y retrouver avec les noms, prénoms, postnoms, etc. dont l'ordre varie selon la culture. On aura donc ''Joseph KABILA Kabenge'' et ''George Walker BUSH'' au lieu de ''Joseph Kabila Kabenge'' et ''George Walker Bush''. Une autre alternative serait d'utiliser le nom de famille en premier à chaque fois, comme on le fait parfois au pays, ce qui donnerait : ''Kabila Joseph Kabenge'', ''Bush George Walker''... un peu bizarre, mais bon, c'est juste une idée. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 00:20, 8 yuni 2006 (UTC) 8380 2006-06-12T18:12:22Z Bombo 12 /* Nkómbó */ '''INFORMATION IMPORTANTE''' A CEUX QUI NE COMPRENNENT PAS QUELQUES MOTS ET PHRASES SUR LA PAGE COMMUNAUTAIRE Nous avons coupé/copié quelques éléments des encyclopédies Wikipédia française et alsacienne pour avoir la mise en page et pour ne rien oublier. Nous sommes en train de tout traduire en '''lingalá''' (mais pour l'instant y reste quelques fragments en français et alsacien; mes excuses!). Si vous avez le temps, merci de nous venir en aide. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 16:35, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == Un nom pour "Community Portal" == Selon la société (et le temps) où on parle la langue réspective, cette page a des noms differents, mais ils dénomment toujours un lieu de renccontre populaire. '''en dehors''' * Village pump (fontaine du village; angalais) * Esplanade (portugais) '''ou a l'interieur''' * Café (espagnol) * Le Bistrot (français) * Bar (italien) * De Stamminet (table ronde au bistrot; Luxembourg) Nous cherchons ici des idées pour la Wikipedia Lingála qui vont bien avec les traditions congolaises. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 20 septembere 2005 (UTC) : '''Arbre à palabre''' (en lingála) – ou est-ce que c'est du passé? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 11:31, 23 novembere 2005 (UTC) : '''Bísó na bísó''' : Entre nous ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 12:34, 23 novembere 2005 (UTC) == [[Kurów]] == Could they please write a stub http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w - just a few sentences based on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w or de wiki? Only 2 -5 sentences enough. Please. [[pl:User:Pietras1988|Pietras1988]] 11:32, 10 febuari 2006 (UTC) == Nkómbó == Mbɔ́tɛ, Je me demandais s'il ne serait pas pratique de reprendre les habitudes de certains d'écrire le nom de famille en lettres capitales. Ceci permettrait de s'y retrouver avec les noms, prénoms, postnoms, etc. dont l'ordre varie selon la culture. On aura donc ''Joseph KABILA Kabenge'' et ''George Walker BUSH'' au lieu de ''Joseph Kabila Kabenge'' et ''George Walker Bush''. Une autre alternative serait d'utiliser le nom de famille en premier à chaque fois, comme on le fait parfois au pays, ce qui donnerait : ''Kabila Joseph Kabenge'', ''Bush George Walker''... un peu bizarre, mais bon, c'est juste une idée. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 00:20, 8 yuni 2006 (UTC) :Merci Moyogo de lancer ce sujet. :Les habitudes de certains (qui se voit surtout en France), d'écrire les nom de famille en majuscules fait mal aux yeux à chaque typographe. En plus, Wikimedia distingue entre majuscule et minuscule, donc si je cherche ''Kabila'', KABILA ne sera pas trouvé. :L'alternative de mettre le nom de famille en vedette est courrant dans les régistre de bibliothèques. Ce système base sur les noms anglo-américains et ne respect pas les cultures qui n'ont que des prénoms, des noms d'origine, des postnoms, des noms de père ou de mère, etc. Donc les règles (vérsion courte) comprennent 41 pages. C'est trop compliquée. :Si je cherche Joseph Kabila Kabenge ou Joseph Kabila, avec le moteur de recherche, cela fonctionne, si le nom complèt figure au début de l'article même si le titre ne mentionne que laq vérsion courte. Avec hypertexte, les questions de l'époque pour retrouver quelqu'un ne se pose beaucoup moins. :*Je propose: ([[Wikipedia talk:Bísó na bísó/Nkómbó|pour voir plus complèt, avec des examples]]) :1. nous écrivons la vérsion la plus courrante, mais sans initales. [Georges Walker Bush et non Georges W. Bush] :2. nous écrivons prénom nom postnom (prénom = pré=devant nom; postnom = post=derrière nom) :3. Il faut faire des renvois si nécessaire. [Karol Woytila > Jean-Paul II] :4. Si le titre de l'article ne contient pas le nom complèt, il faut le nommer au début de l'article [Jimmy Carter (James Earl Carter), était président… Jean-Paul II (né Karol Woytila)…] --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:12, 12 yuni 2006 (UTC) 8383 2006-06-12T20:13:44Z Moyogo 11 /* Nkómbó */ '''INFORMATION IMPORTANTE''' A CEUX QUI NE COMPRENNENT PAS QUELQUES MOTS ET PHRASES SUR LA PAGE COMMUNAUTAIRE Nous avons coupé/copié quelques éléments des encyclopédies Wikipédia française et alsacienne pour avoir la mise en page et pour ne rien oublier. Nous sommes en train de tout traduire en '''lingalá''' (mais pour l'instant y reste quelques fragments en français et alsacien; mes excuses!). Si vous avez le temps, merci de nous venir en aide. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 16:35, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == Un nom pour "Community Portal" == Selon la société (et le temps) où on parle la langue réspective, cette page a des noms differents, mais ils dénomment toujours un lieu de renccontre populaire. '''en dehors''' * Village pump (fontaine du village; angalais) * Esplanade (portugais) '''ou a l'interieur''' * Café (espagnol) * Le Bistrot (français) * Bar (italien) * De Stamminet (table ronde au bistrot; Luxembourg) Nous cherchons ici des idées pour la Wikipedia Lingála qui vont bien avec les traditions congolaises. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 20 septembere 2005 (UTC) : '''Arbre à palabre''' (en lingála) – ou est-ce que c'est du passé? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 11:31, 23 novembere 2005 (UTC) : '''Bísó na bísó''' : Entre nous ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 12:34, 23 novembere 2005 (UTC) == [[Kurów]] == Could they please write a stub http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w - just a few sentences based on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w or de wiki? Only 2 -5 sentences enough. Please. [[pl:User:Pietras1988|Pietras1988]] 11:32, 10 febuari 2006 (UTC) == Nkómbó == Mbɔ́tɛ, Je me demandais s'il ne serait pas pratique de reprendre les habitudes de certains d'écrire le nom de famille en lettres capitales. Ceci permettrait de s'y retrouver avec les noms, prénoms, postnoms, etc. dont l'ordre varie selon la culture. On aura donc ''Joseph KABILA Kabenge'' et ''George Walker BUSH'' au lieu de ''Joseph Kabila Kabenge'' et ''George Walker Bush''. Une autre alternative serait d'utiliser le nom de famille en premier à chaque fois, comme on le fait parfois au pays, ce qui donnerait : ''Kabila Joseph Kabenge'', ''Bush George Walker''... un peu bizarre, mais bon, c'est juste une idée. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 00:20, 8 yuni 2006 (UTC) :Merci Moyogo de lancer ce sujet. :Les habitudes de certains (qui se voit surtout en France), d'écrire les nom de famille en majuscules fait mal aux yeux à chaque typographe. En plus, Wikimedia distingue entre majuscule et minuscule, donc si je cherche ''Kabila'', KABILA ne sera pas trouvé. :L'alternative de mettre le nom de famille en vedette est courrant dans les régistre de bibliothèques. Ce système base sur les noms anglo-américains et ne respect pas les cultures qui n'ont que des prénoms, des noms d'origine, des postnoms, des noms de père ou de mère, etc. Donc les règles (vérsion courte) comprennent 41 pages. C'est trop compliquée. :Si je cherche Joseph Kabila Kabenge ou Joseph Kabila, avec le moteur de recherche, cela fonctionne, si le nom complèt figure au début de l'article même si le titre ne mentionne que laq vérsion courte. Avec hypertexte, les questions de l'époque pour retrouver quelqu'un ne se pose beaucoup moins. :*Je propose: ([[Wikipedia talk:Bísó na bísó/Nkómbó|pour voir plus complèt, avec des examples]]) :1. nous écrivons la vérsion la plus courrante, mais sans initales. [Georges Walker Bush et non Georges W. Bush] :2. nous écrivons prénom nom postnom (prénom = pré=devant nom; postnom = post=derrière nom) :3. Il faut faire des renvois si nécessaire. [Karol Woytila > Jean-Paul II] :4. Si le titre de l'article ne contient pas le nom complèt, il faut le nommer au début de l'article [Jimmy Carter (James Earl Carter), était président… Jean-Paul II (né Karol Woytila)…] --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:12, 12 yuni 2006 (UTC) ::Je suis d'accord que les majuscules ne s'utilise pas pour les noms de familles, mais l'usage de petites capitales pourraent être utile à certains endroit pour que ce soit clair. Par exemple l'article [[Joseph Kabila]] pourrait avoir le texte « Joseph <span style="font-variant: small-caps">Kabila</span> Kabenge », soit en première ligne (un peu compliqué) soit avec un modèle pour toutes les biographies qui afficherait le nom de cette manière en haut à droite de chaque page. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 20:13, 12 yuni 2006 (UTC) 8389 2006-06-13T09:06:19Z Bombo 12 /* Nkómbó */ '''INFORMATION IMPORTANTE''' A CEUX QUI NE COMPRENNENT PAS QUELQUES MOTS ET PHRASES SUR LA PAGE COMMUNAUTAIRE Nous avons coupé/copié quelques éléments des encyclopédies Wikipédia française et alsacienne pour avoir la mise en page et pour ne rien oublier. Nous sommes en train de tout traduire en '''lingalá''' (mais pour l'instant y reste quelques fragments en français et alsacien; mes excuses!). Si vous avez le temps, merci de nous venir en aide. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 16:35, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == Un nom pour "Community Portal" == Selon la société (et le temps) où on parle la langue réspective, cette page a des noms differents, mais ils dénomment toujours un lieu de renccontre populaire. '''en dehors''' * Village pump (fontaine du village; angalais) * Esplanade (portugais) '''ou a l'interieur''' * Café (espagnol) * Le Bistrot (français) * Bar (italien) * De Stamminet (table ronde au bistrot; Luxembourg) Nous cherchons ici des idées pour la Wikipedia Lingála qui vont bien avec les traditions congolaises. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 20 septembere 2005 (UTC) : '''Arbre à palabre''' (en lingála) – ou est-ce que c'est du passé? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 11:31, 23 novembere 2005 (UTC) : '''Bísó na bísó''' : Entre nous ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 12:34, 23 novembere 2005 (UTC) == [[Kurów]] == Could they please write a stub http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w - just a few sentences based on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w or de wiki? Only 2 -5 sentences enough. Please. [[pl:User:Pietras1988|Pietras1988]] 11:32, 10 febuari 2006 (UTC) == Nkómbó == Mbɔ́tɛ, Je me demandais s'il ne serait pas pratique de reprendre les habitudes de certains d'écrire le nom de famille en lettres capitales. Ceci permettrait de s'y retrouver avec les noms, prénoms, postnoms, etc. dont l'ordre varie selon la culture. On aura donc ''Joseph KABILA Kabenge'' et ''George Walker BUSH'' au lieu de ''Joseph Kabila Kabenge'' et ''George Walker Bush''. Une autre alternative serait d'utiliser le nom de famille en premier à chaque fois, comme on le fait parfois au pays, ce qui donnerait : ''Kabila Joseph Kabenge'', ''Bush George Walker''... un peu bizarre, mais bon, c'est juste une idée. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 00:20, 8 yuni 2006 (UTC) :Merci Moyogo de lancer ce sujet. :Les habitudes de certains (qui se voit surtout en France), d'écrire les nom de famille en majuscules fait mal aux yeux à chaque typographe. En plus, Wikimedia distingue entre majuscule et minuscule, donc si je cherche ''Kabila'', KABILA ne sera pas trouvé. :L'alternative de mettre le nom de famille en vedette est courrant dans les régistre de bibliothèques. Ce système base sur les noms anglo-américains et ne respect pas les cultures qui n'ont que des prénoms, des noms d'origine, des postnoms, des noms de père ou de mère, etc. Donc les règles (vérsion courte) comprennent 41 pages. C'est trop compliquée. :Si je cherche Joseph Kabila Kabenge ou Joseph Kabila, avec le moteur de recherche, cela fonctionne, si le nom complèt figure au début de l'article même si le titre ne mentionne que laq vérsion courte. Avec hypertexte, les questions de l'époque pour retrouver quelqu'un ne se pose beaucoup moins. :*Je propose: ([[Wikipedia talk:Bísó na bísó/Nkómbó|pour voir plus complèt, avec des examples]]) :1. nous écrivons la vérsion la plus courrante, mais sans initales. [Georges Walker Bush et non Georges W. Bush] :2. nous écrivons prénom nom postnom (prénom = pré=devant nom; postnom = post=derrière nom) :3. Il faut faire des renvois si nécessaire. [Karol Woytila > Jean-Paul II] :4. Si le titre de l'article ne contient pas le nom complèt, il faut le nommer au début de l'article [Jimmy Carter (James Earl Carter), était président… Jean-Paul II (né Karol Woytila)…] --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:12, 12 yuni 2006 (UTC) ::Je suis d'accord que les majuscules ne s'utilise pas pour les noms de familles, mais l'usage de petites capitales pourraent être utile à certains endroit pour que ce soit clair. Par exemple l'article [[Joseph Kabila]] pourrait avoir le texte « Joseph <span style="font-variant: small-caps">Kabila</span> Kabenge », soit en première ligne (un peu compliqué) soit avec un modèle pour toutes les biographies qui afficherait le nom de cette manière en haut à droite de chaque page. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 20:13, 12 yuni 2006 (UTC) :::C'est une bonne idée qui reste simple, facilite la recherche et donne des informations supplémentaires (lequel des noms et le nom de famille). De même pour le modèle. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:06, 13 yuni 2006 (UTC) 8401 2006-06-13T23:58:42Z Moyogo 11 /* Nkómbó */ '''INFORMATION IMPORTANTE''' A CEUX QUI NE COMPRENNENT PAS QUELQUES MOTS ET PHRASES SUR LA PAGE COMMUNAUTAIRE Nous avons coupé/copié quelques éléments des encyclopédies Wikipédia française et alsacienne pour avoir la mise en page et pour ne rien oublier. Nous sommes en train de tout traduire en '''lingalá''' (mais pour l'instant y reste quelques fragments en français et alsacien; mes excuses!). Si vous avez le temps, merci de nous venir en aide. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 16:35, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == Un nom pour "Community Portal" == Selon la société (et le temps) où on parle la langue réspective, cette page a des noms differents, mais ils dénomment toujours un lieu de renccontre populaire. '''en dehors''' * Village pump (fontaine du village; angalais) * Esplanade (portugais) '''ou a l'interieur''' * Café (espagnol) * Le Bistrot (français) * Bar (italien) * De Stamminet (table ronde au bistrot; Luxembourg) Nous cherchons ici des idées pour la Wikipedia Lingála qui vont bien avec les traditions congolaises. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 20 septembere 2005 (UTC) : '''Arbre à palabre''' (en lingála) – ou est-ce que c'est du passé? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 11:31, 23 novembere 2005 (UTC) : '''Bísó na bísó''' : Entre nous ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 12:34, 23 novembere 2005 (UTC) == [[Kurów]] == Could they please write a stub http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w - just a few sentences based on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w or de wiki? Only 2 -5 sentences enough. Please. [[pl:User:Pietras1988|Pietras1988]] 11:32, 10 febuari 2006 (UTC) == Nkómbó == Mbɔ́tɛ, Je me demandais s'il ne serait pas pratique de reprendre les habitudes de certains d'écrire le nom de famille en lettres capitales. Ceci permettrait de s'y retrouver avec les noms, prénoms, postnoms, etc. dont l'ordre varie selon la culture. On aura donc ''Joseph KABILA Kabenge'' et ''George Walker BUSH'' au lieu de ''Joseph Kabila Kabenge'' et ''George Walker Bush''. Une autre alternative serait d'utiliser le nom de famille en premier à chaque fois, comme on le fait parfois au pays, ce qui donnerait : ''Kabila Joseph Kabenge'', ''Bush George Walker''... un peu bizarre, mais bon, c'est juste une idée. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 00:20, 8 yuni 2006 (UTC) :Merci Moyogo de lancer ce sujet. :Les habitudes de certains (qui se voit surtout en France), d'écrire les nom de famille en majuscules fait mal aux yeux à chaque typographe. En plus, Wikimedia distingue entre majuscule et minuscule, donc si je cherche ''Kabila'', KABILA ne sera pas trouvé. :L'alternative de mettre le nom de famille en vedette est courrant dans les régistre de bibliothèques. Ce système base sur les noms anglo-américains et ne respect pas les cultures qui n'ont que des prénoms, des noms d'origine, des postnoms, des noms de père ou de mère, etc. Donc les règles (vérsion courte) comprennent 41 pages. C'est trop compliquée. :Si je cherche Joseph Kabila Kabenge ou Joseph Kabila, avec le moteur de recherche, cela fonctionne, si le nom complèt figure au début de l'article même si le titre ne mentionne que laq vérsion courte. Avec hypertexte, les questions de l'époque pour retrouver quelqu'un ne se pose beaucoup moins. :*Je propose: ([[Wikipedia talk:Bísó na bísó/Nkómbó|pour voir plus complèt, avec des examples]]) :1. nous écrivons la vérsion la plus courrante, mais sans initales. [Georges Walker Bush et non Georges W. Bush] :2. nous écrivons prénom nom postnom (prénom = pré=devant nom; postnom = post=derrière nom) :3. Il faut faire des renvois si nécessaire. [Karol Woytila > Jean-Paul II] :4. Si le titre de l'article ne contient pas le nom complèt, il faut le nommer au début de l'article [Jimmy Carter (James Earl Carter), était président… Jean-Paul II (né Karol Woytila)…] --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:12, 12 yuni 2006 (UTC) ::Je suis d'accord que les majuscules ne s'utilise pas pour les noms de familles, mais l'usage de petites capitales pourraent être utile à certains endroit pour que ce soit clair. Par exemple l'article [[Joseph Kabila]] pourrait avoir le texte « Joseph <span style="font-variant: small-caps">Kabila</span> Kabenge », soit en première ligne (un peu compliqué) soit avec un modèle pour toutes les biographies qui afficherait le nom de cette manière en haut à droite de chaque page. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 20:13, 12 yuni 2006 (UTC) :::C'est une bonne idée qui reste simple, facilite la recherche et donne des informations supplémentaires (lequel des noms et le nom de famille). De même pour le modèle. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:06, 13 yuni 2006 (UTC) ::::Voilà, j'ai modifié les présidents du Congo démocratique. Faudrait voir si c'est une bonne idée dans la pratique. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 23:58, 13 yuni 2006 (UTC) 8403 2006-06-14T00:50:42Z Moyogo 11 /* Nkómbó */ '''INFORMATION IMPORTANTE''' A CEUX QUI NE COMPRENNENT PAS QUELQUES MOTS ET PHRASES SUR LA PAGE COMMUNAUTAIRE Nous avons coupé/copié quelques éléments des encyclopédies Wikipédia française et alsacienne pour avoir la mise en page et pour ne rien oublier. Nous sommes en train de tout traduire en '''lingalá''' (mais pour l'instant y reste quelques fragments en français et alsacien; mes excuses!). Si vous avez le temps, merci de nous venir en aide. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 16:35, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == Un nom pour "Community Portal" == Selon la société (et le temps) où on parle la langue réspective, cette page a des noms differents, mais ils dénomment toujours un lieu de renccontre populaire. '''en dehors''' * Village pump (fontaine du village; angalais) * Esplanade (portugais) '''ou a l'interieur''' * Café (espagnol) * Le Bistrot (français) * Bar (italien) * De Stamminet (table ronde au bistrot; Luxembourg) Nous cherchons ici des idées pour la Wikipedia Lingála qui vont bien avec les traditions congolaises. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 20 septembere 2005 (UTC) : '''Arbre à palabre''' (en lingála) – ou est-ce que c'est du passé? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 11:31, 23 novembere 2005 (UTC) : '''Bísó na bísó''' : Entre nous ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 12:34, 23 novembere 2005 (UTC) == [[Kurów]] == Could they please write a stub http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w - just a few sentences based on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w or de wiki? Only 2 -5 sentences enough. Please. [[pl:User:Pietras1988|Pietras1988]] 11:32, 10 febuari 2006 (UTC) == Nkómbó == Mbɔ́tɛ, Je me demandais s'il ne serait pas pratique de reprendre les habitudes de certains d'écrire le nom de famille en lettres capitales. Ceci permettrait de s'y retrouver avec les noms, prénoms, postnoms, etc. dont l'ordre varie selon la culture. On aura donc ''Joseph KABILA Kabenge'' et ''George Walker BUSH'' au lieu de ''Joseph Kabila Kabenge'' et ''George Walker Bush''. Une autre alternative serait d'utiliser le nom de famille en premier à chaque fois, comme on le fait parfois au pays, ce qui donnerait : ''Kabila Joseph Kabenge'', ''Bush George Walker''... un peu bizarre, mais bon, c'est juste une idée. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 00:20, 8 yuni 2006 (UTC) :Merci Moyogo de lancer ce sujet. :Les habitudes de certains (qui se voit surtout en France), d'écrire les nom de famille en majuscules fait mal aux yeux à chaque typographe. En plus, Wikimedia distingue entre majuscule et minuscule, donc si je cherche ''Kabila'', KABILA ne sera pas trouvé. :L'alternative de mettre le nom de famille en vedette est courrant dans les régistre de bibliothèques. Ce système base sur les noms anglo-américains et ne respect pas les cultures qui n'ont que des prénoms, des noms d'origine, des postnoms, des noms de père ou de mère, etc. Donc les règles (vérsion courte) comprennent 41 pages. C'est trop compliquée. :Si je cherche Joseph Kabila Kabenge ou Joseph Kabila, avec le moteur de recherche, cela fonctionne, si le nom complèt figure au début de l'article même si le titre ne mentionne que laq vérsion courte. Avec hypertexte, les questions de l'époque pour retrouver quelqu'un ne se pose beaucoup moins. :*Je propose: ([[Wikipedia talk:Bísó na bísó/Nkómbó|pour voir plus complèt, avec des examples]]) :1. nous écrivons la vérsion la plus courrante, mais sans initales. [Georges Walker Bush et non Georges W. Bush] :2. nous écrivons prénom nom postnom (prénom = pré=devant nom; postnom = post=derrière nom) :3. Il faut faire des renvois si nécessaire. [Karol Woytila > Jean-Paul II] :4. Si le titre de l'article ne contient pas le nom complèt, il faut le nommer au début de l'article [Jimmy Carter (James Earl Carter), était président… Jean-Paul II (né Karol Woytila)…] --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:12, 12 yuni 2006 (UTC) ::Je suis d'accord que les majuscules ne s'utilise pas pour les noms de familles, mais l'usage de petites capitales pourraent être utile à certains endroit pour que ce soit clair. Par exemple l'article [[Joseph Kabila]] pourrait avoir le texte « Joseph <span style="font-variant: small-caps">Kabila</span> Kabenge », soit en première ligne (un peu compliqué) soit avec un modèle pour toutes les biographies qui afficherait le nom de cette manière en haut à droite de chaque page. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 20:13, 12 yuni 2006 (UTC) :::C'est une bonne idée qui reste simple, facilite la recherche et donne des informations supplémentaires (lequel des noms et le nom de famille). De même pour le modèle. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:06, 13 yuni 2006 (UTC) ::::Voilà, j'ai modifié les présidents du Congo démocratique. Faudrait voir si c'est une bonne idée dans la pratique. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 23:58, 13 yuni 2006 (UTC) Pour l’ordre des noms, j'ai quelques doutes. C’est dans la culture bantoue de mettre le nom de famille en premier. Cela explique d‘ailleurs le changement Joseph-Désiré {{smcp|Mobutu}} → {{smcp|Mobutu}} Sese Seko lors de l’africanisation des noms. Le dictionnaire {{smcp|Kawata}} Ashem Tem utilise presque systématiquement cette ordre, exemple : « Bakambi baye basangakaní o sima ya liwâ ya Kabila Laurent-Désiré bapɔní mwǎna wa yě, Kabila Jopesh, mpó akitaná ebóngá wa tatá wa yě » ; ou encore : « Mokambi mwa basɔdá, Mobutu Joseph-Désiré alongolí yě o mosálá mpé azwí esíká wa yě. » Deux questions se posent : * faut-il toujours préférer l’ordre avec le nom de famille en premier pour les noms bantous ? * que faire des noms étrangers ? Et ceci à quel niveau ? Personellement je pense que l’ordre des titres devrait suivre l’ordre le plus commun. Malheureusement, manque de référence en lingala nous force un peu à reconnaître qu'il y a un biais envers l’ordre occidentale. Comme le dictionnaire Kawata utilise l’ordre bantou, je suis en faveur de cette ordre, du moins pour les noms bantous. Un exemple à voir est la norme en hongrois. Les noms de famille précèdent les prénoms, sauf pour les noms non hongrois. Ils ont donc [[hu:Husz János]] pour Jan Hus mais George W. Bush. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 00:50, 14 yuni 2006 (UTC) 8462 2006-06-19T16:30:53Z Themalau 22 /* Nkómbó */ '''INFORMATION IMPORTANTE''' A CEUX QUI NE COMPRENNENT PAS QUELQUES MOTS ET PHRASES SUR LA PAGE COMMUNAUTAIRE Nous avons coupé/copié quelques éléments des encyclopédies Wikipédia française et alsacienne pour avoir la mise en page et pour ne rien oublier. Nous sommes en train de tout traduire en '''lingalá''' (mais pour l'instant y reste quelques fragments en français et alsacien; mes excuses!). Si vous avez le temps, merci de nous venir en aide. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 16:35, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == Un nom pour "Community Portal" == Selon la société (et le temps) où on parle la langue réspective, cette page a des noms differents, mais ils dénomment toujours un lieu de renccontre populaire. '''en dehors''' * Village pump (fontaine du village; angalais) * Esplanade (portugais) '''ou a l'interieur''' * Café (espagnol) * Le Bistrot (français) * Bar (italien) * De Stamminet (table ronde au bistrot; Luxembourg) Nous cherchons ici des idées pour la Wikipedia Lingála qui vont bien avec les traditions congolaises. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 20 septembere 2005 (UTC) : '''Arbre à palabre''' (en lingála) – ou est-ce que c'est du passé? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 11:31, 23 novembere 2005 (UTC) : '''Bísó na bísó''' : Entre nous ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 12:34, 23 novembere 2005 (UTC) == [[Kurów]] == Could they please write a stub http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w - just a few sentences based on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w or de wiki? Only 2 -5 sentences enough. Please. [[pl:User:Pietras1988|Pietras1988]] 11:32, 10 febuari 2006 (UTC) == Nkómbó == Mbɔ́tɛ, Je me demandais s'il ne serait pas pratique de reprendre les habitudes de certains d'écrire le nom de famille en lettres capitales. Ceci permettrait de s'y retrouver avec les noms, prénoms, postnoms, etc. dont l'ordre varie selon la culture. On aura donc ''Joseph KABILA Kabenge'' et ''George Walker BUSH'' au lieu de ''Joseph Kabila Kabenge'' et ''George Walker Bush''. Une autre alternative serait d'utiliser le nom de famille en premier à chaque fois, comme on le fait parfois au pays, ce qui donnerait : ''Kabila Joseph Kabenge'', ''Bush George Walker''... un peu bizarre, mais bon, c'est juste une idée. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 00:20, 8 yuni 2006 (UTC) :Merci Moyogo de lancer ce sujet. :Les habitudes de certains (qui se voit surtout en France), d'écrire les nom de famille en majuscules fait mal aux yeux à chaque typographe. En plus, Wikimedia distingue entre majuscule et minuscule, donc si je cherche ''Kabila'', KABILA ne sera pas trouvé. :L'alternative de mettre le nom de famille en vedette est courrant dans les régistre de bibliothèques. Ce système base sur les noms anglo-américains et ne respect pas les cultures qui n'ont que des prénoms, des noms d'origine, des postnoms, des noms de père ou de mère, etc. Donc les règles (vérsion courte) comprennent 41 pages. C'est trop compliquée. :Si je cherche Joseph Kabila Kabenge ou Joseph Kabila, avec le moteur de recherche, cela fonctionne, si le nom complèt figure au début de l'article même si le titre ne mentionne que laq vérsion courte. Avec hypertexte, les questions de l'époque pour retrouver quelqu'un ne se pose beaucoup moins. :*Je propose: ([[Wikipedia talk:Bísó na bísó/Nkómbó|pour voir plus complèt, avec des examples]]) :1. nous écrivons la vérsion la plus courrante, mais sans initales. [Georges Walker Bush et non Georges W. Bush] :2. nous écrivons prénom nom postnom (prénom = pré=devant nom; postnom = post=derrière nom) :3. Il faut faire des renvois si nécessaire. [Karol Woytila > Jean-Paul II] :4. Si le titre de l'article ne contient pas le nom complèt, il faut le nommer au début de l'article [Jimmy Carter (James Earl Carter), était président… Jean-Paul II (né Karol Woytila)…] --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:12, 12 yuni 2006 (UTC) ::Je suis d'accord que les majuscules ne s'utilise pas pour les noms de familles, mais l'usage de petites capitales pourraent être utile à certains endroit pour que ce soit clair. Par exemple l'article [[Joseph Kabila]] pourrait avoir le texte « Joseph <span style="font-variant: small-caps">Kabila</span> Kabenge », soit en première ligne (un peu compliqué) soit avec un modèle pour toutes les biographies qui afficherait le nom de cette manière en haut à droite de chaque page. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 20:13, 12 yuni 2006 (UTC) :::C'est une bonne idée qui reste simple, facilite la recherche et donne des informations supplémentaires (lequel des noms et le nom de famille). De même pour le modèle. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:06, 13 yuni 2006 (UTC) ::::Voilà, j'ai modifié les présidents du Congo démocratique. Faudrait voir si c'est une bonne idée dans la pratique. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 23:58, 13 yuni 2006 (UTC) Pour l’ordre des noms, j'ai quelques doutes. C’est dans la culture bantoue de mettre le nom de famille en premier. Cela explique d‘ailleurs le changement Joseph-Désiré {{smcp|Mobutu}} → {{smcp|Mobutu}} Sese Seko lors de l’africanisation des noms. Le dictionnaire {{smcp|Kawata}} Ashem Tem utilise presque systématiquement cette ordre, exemple : « Bakambi baye basangakaní o sima ya liwâ ya Kabila Laurent-Désiré bapɔní mwǎna wa yě, Kabila Jopesh, mpó akitaná ebóngá wa tatá wa yě » ; ou encore : « Mokambi mwa basɔdá, Mobutu Joseph-Désiré alongolí yě o mosálá mpé azwí esíká wa yě. » Deux questions se posent : * faut-il toujours préférer l’ordre avec le nom de famille en premier pour les noms bantous ? * que faire des noms étrangers ? Et ceci à quel niveau ? Personellement je pense que l’ordre des titres devrait suivre l’ordre le plus commun. Malheureusement, manque de référence en lingala nous force un peu à reconnaître qu'il y a un biais envers l’ordre occidentale. Comme le dictionnaire Kawata utilise l’ordre bantou, je suis en faveur de cette ordre, du moins pour les noms bantous. Un exemple à voir est la norme en hongrois. Les noms de famille précèdent les prénoms, sauf pour les noms non hongrois. Ils ont donc [[hu:Husz János]] pour Jan Hus mais George W. Bush. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 00:50, 14 yuni 2006 (UTC) :Soki botuni ngai, likambo oyo ya kobalóláká ba "noms de famille" na ekɔmeli mosusu ezali na tina mingi te; kasi soki basálɛli Wikipedia bamoni ete esengeli kosalema bongo, likambo ezali na yango mpe te. Na maye matálí molongo oyo esengeli kolanda na ekomeli ya bankómbó ya batu, nakanisi ete kolanda mitindu ya babantu ezali nzela ya malamu te, na maye matali "prenom". Nous n'avons pas de prenoms dans nos cultures, mais des postnoms. Ce qui signifie a mon avis qu'a partir du moment ou nous acceptons des prenoms etrangers, nous suivions la logique qui y est attachee. Donc je suis partisan dans ce cas de la forme Prenom + Nom + Postnom. Personellement, j'utilise mon post-nom comme "middle-name" parce que c'etait plus facile aux USA, pour qu'ils ne se trompent pas sur lequel etait mon nom de famille. Mais jusqu'a ce qu'il y ait des regles legales etablies dans les pays lingalaphones, je pense que Prenom + Nom + Postnom est la plus proche d'une "grammaire correcte". Maintenant n'oublions pas que la forme dite bantoue n'est pas universelle non-plus. Chez les baluba et les Swahili par exemple, l'usage de "wa" ou de "bin" (particule de filiation "generationelle", equivalent du "ibn" Arabe, ou du "Ag" Touareg) est une tout autre affaire, avec ses propres complications (comme par exemple le probleme de l'existence ou non d'un nom de famille patronymique - probleme qui peut d'ailleurs etre pose pour les autres cultures bantoues, avant l'influence mundélé.). [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 16:30, 19 yuni 2006 (UTC) 9091 2006-08-09T10:52:05Z Bombo 12 Un pas en avant '''INFORMATION IMPORTANTE''' A CEUX QUI NE COMPRENNENT PAS QUELQUES MOTS ET PHRASES SUR LA PAGE COMMUNAUTAIRE Nous avons coupé/copié quelques éléments des encyclopédies Wikipédia française et alsacienne pour avoir la mise en page et pour ne rien oublier. Nous sommes en train de tout traduire en '''lingalá''' (mais pour l'instant y reste quelques fragments en français et alsacien; mes excuses!). Si vous avez le temps, merci de nous venir en aide. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 16:35, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) == Un nom pour "Community Portal" == Selon la société (et le temps) où on parle la langue réspective, cette page a des noms differents, mais ils dénomment toujours un lieu de renccontre populaire. '''en dehors''' * Village pump (fontaine du village; angalais) * Esplanade (portugais) '''ou a l'interieur''' * Café (espagnol) * Le Bistrot (français) * Bar (italien) * De Stamminet (table ronde au bistrot; Luxembourg) Nous cherchons ici des idées pour la Wikipedia Lingála qui vont bien avec les traditions congolaises. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:27, 20 septembere 2005 (UTC) : '''Arbre à palabre''' (en lingála) – ou est-ce que c'est du passé? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 11:31, 23 novembere 2005 (UTC) : '''Bísó na bísó''' : Entre nous ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 12:34, 23 novembere 2005 (UTC) == [[Kurów]] == Could they please write a stub http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w - just a few sentences based on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w or de wiki? Only 2 -5 sentences enough. Please. [[pl:User:Pietras1988|Pietras1988]] 11:32, 10 febuari 2006 (UTC) == Nkómbó == Mbɔ́tɛ, Je me demandais s'il ne serait pas pratique de reprendre les habitudes de certains d'écrire le nom de famille en lettres capitales. Ceci permettrait de s'y retrouver avec les noms, prénoms, postnoms, etc. dont l'ordre varie selon la culture. On aura donc ''Joseph KABILA Kabenge'' et ''George Walker BUSH'' au lieu de ''Joseph Kabila Kabenge'' et ''George Walker Bush''. Une autre alternative serait d'utiliser le nom de famille en premier à chaque fois, comme on le fait parfois au pays, ce qui donnerait : ''Kabila Joseph Kabenge'', ''Bush George Walker''... un peu bizarre, mais bon, c'est juste une idée. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 00:20, 8 yuni 2006 (UTC) :Merci Moyogo de lancer ce sujet. :Les habitudes de certains (qui se voit surtout en France), d'écrire les nom de famille en majuscules fait mal aux yeux à chaque typographe. En plus, Wikimedia distingue entre majuscule et minuscule, donc si je cherche ''Kabila'', KABILA ne sera pas trouvé. :L'alternative de mettre le nom de famille en vedette est courrant dans les régistre de bibliothèques. Ce système base sur les noms anglo-américains et ne respect pas les cultures qui n'ont que des prénoms, des noms d'origine, des postnoms, des noms de père ou de mère, etc. Donc les règles (vérsion courte) comprennent 41 pages. C'est trop compliquée. :Si je cherche Joseph Kabila Kabenge ou Joseph Kabila, avec le moteur de recherche, cela fonctionne, si le nom complèt figure au début de l'article même si le titre ne mentionne que laq vérsion courte. Avec hypertexte, les questions de l'époque pour retrouver quelqu'un ne se pose beaucoup moins. :*Je propose: ([[Wikipedia talk:Bísó na bísó/Nkómbó|pour voir plus complèt, avec des examples]]) :1. nous écrivons la vérsion la plus courrante, mais sans initales. [Georges Walker Bush et non Georges W. Bush] :2. nous écrivons prénom nom postnom (prénom = pré=devant nom; postnom = post=derrière nom) :3. Il faut faire des renvois si nécessaire. [Karol Woytila > Jean-Paul II] :4. Si le titre de l'article ne contient pas le nom complèt, il faut le nommer au début de l'article [Jimmy Carter (James Earl Carter), était président… Jean-Paul II (né Karol Woytila)…] --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:12, 12 yuni 2006 (UTC) ::Je suis d'accord que les majuscules ne s'utilise pas pour les noms de familles, mais l'usage de petites capitales pourraent être utile à certains endroit pour que ce soit clair. Par exemple l'article [[Joseph Kabila]] pourrait avoir le texte « Joseph <span style="font-variant: small-caps">Kabila</span> Kabenge », soit en première ligne (un peu compliqué) soit avec un modèle pour toutes les biographies qui afficherait le nom de cette manière en haut à droite de chaque page. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 20:13, 12 yuni 2006 (UTC) :::C'est une bonne idée qui reste simple, facilite la recherche et donne des informations supplémentaires (lequel des noms et le nom de famille). De même pour le modèle. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:06, 13 yuni 2006 (UTC) ::::Voilà, j'ai modifié les présidents du Congo démocratique. Faudrait voir si c'est une bonne idée dans la pratique. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 23:58, 13 yuni 2006 (UTC) Pour l’ordre des noms, j'ai quelques doutes. C’est dans la culture bantoue de mettre le nom de famille en premier. Cela explique d‘ailleurs le changement Joseph-Désiré {{smcp|Mobutu}} → {{smcp|Mobutu}} Sese Seko lors de l’africanisation des noms. Le dictionnaire {{smcp|Kawata}} Ashem Tem utilise presque systématiquement cette ordre, exemple : « Bakambi baye basangakaní o sima ya liwâ ya Kabila Laurent-Désiré bapɔní mwǎna wa yě, Kabila Jopesh, mpó akitaná ebóngá wa tatá wa yě » ; ou encore : « Mokambi mwa basɔdá, Mobutu Joseph-Désiré alongolí yě o mosálá mpé azwí esíká wa yě. » Deux questions se posent : * faut-il toujours préférer l’ordre avec le nom de famille en premier pour les noms bantous ? * que faire des noms étrangers ? Et ceci à quel niveau ? Personellement je pense que l’ordre des titres devrait suivre l’ordre le plus commun. Malheureusement, manque de référence en lingala nous force un peu à reconnaître qu'il y a un biais envers l’ordre occidentale. Comme le dictionnaire Kawata utilise l’ordre bantou, je suis en faveur de cette ordre, du moins pour les noms bantous. Un exemple à voir est la norme en hongrois. Les noms de famille précèdent les prénoms, sauf pour les noms non hongrois. Ils ont donc [[hu:Husz János]] pour Jan Hus mais George W. Bush. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 00:50, 14 yuni 2006 (UTC) :Soki botuni ngai, likambo oyo ya kobalóláká ba "noms de famille" na ekɔmeli mosusu ezali na tina mingi te; kasi soki basálɛli Wikipedia bamoni ete esengeli kosalema bongo, likambo ezali na yango mpe te. Na maye matálí molongo oyo esengeli kolanda na ekomeli ya bankómbó ya batu, nakanisi ete kolanda mitindu ya babantu ezali nzela ya malamu te, na maye matali "prenom". Nous n'avons pas de prenoms dans nos cultures, mais des postnoms. Ce qui signifie a mon avis qu'a partir du moment ou nous acceptons des prenoms etrangers, nous suivions la logique qui y est attachee. Donc je suis partisan dans ce cas de la forme Prenom + Nom + Postnom. Personellement, j'utilise mon post-nom comme "middle-name" parce que c'etait plus facile aux USA, pour qu'ils ne se trompent pas sur lequel etait mon nom de famille. Mais jusqu'a ce qu'il y ait des regles legales etablies dans les pays lingalaphones, je pense que Prenom + Nom + Postnom est la plus proche d'une "grammaire correcte". Maintenant n'oublions pas que la forme dite bantoue n'est pas universelle non-plus. Chez les baluba et les Swahili par exemple, l'usage de "wa" ou de "bin" (particule de filiation "generationelle", equivalent du "ibn" Arabe, ou du "Ag" Touareg) est une tout autre affaire, avec ses propres complications (comme par exemple le probleme de l'existence ou non d'un nom de famille patronymique - probleme qui peut d'ailleurs etre pose pour les autres cultures bantoues, avant l'influence mundélé.). [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 16:30, 19 yuni 2006 (UTC) == Un pas en avant == Mbɔ́tɛ, A mon avis, ce qu'y sera à faire prochainement: * Traduction lingála du logo (la phrase ''The Free Encyclopaedia''), le reste (graphisme, mis en ligne) sera facile * Une lettre type qui invite les lingálaphones à y participer en lingála (je pense que cela est plus efficace; celui qui l'utilise en ne parle pas assez bien le lingála (comme moi) peut toujours ajouter à la fin quelques lignes dans sa langue; en fait, j'ai des adresses d'une trentaine de potentiel futurs wikipédiens) * Une "pub" comme l'affiche générale des français [[:meta:Image:Affiche_contribuez.png]] Bon été (à ceux au nord) ou bonne petite période sèche (à ceux au sud)! Kendéke malámu --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:52, 9 ogusiti 2006 (UTC) Kapitalismɛ 1075 2331 2005-03-06T16:58:30Z 80.218.21.70 [[category:lisang�]] [[Politiki]] ya kapitalism? eling� koloba politiki wapi bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mazal� mp? na basali t? kasi mazal� mp? na bomongo ya bokulaka bab�ngaka bango bakapitalist? eling� koloba bak�l�-bokulaka mos?l?. 2332 2005-03-06T17:40:05Z Bombo 12 [[category:lisangá]] [[Politiki]] ya kapitalism? elingí koloba politiki wapi bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mazalí mp? na basali t? kasi mazal� mp? na bomongo ya bokulaka bab�ngaka bango bakapitalist? elingí koloba bak�l�-bokulaka mos?l?. 2383 2005-03-06T17:41:39Z Bombo 12 [[category:lisangá]] [[Politiki]] ya '''kapitalismɛ''' elingí koloba politiki wapi bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mazalí mpɔ na basali tɛ kasi mazalí mpɔ na bomongo ya bokulaka babéngaka bango bakapitalistɛ elingí koloba bakóló-bokulaka mosələ. 2385 2005-03-08T17:58:53Z 66.46.85.162 mosələ - [[category:lisangá]] [[Politiki]] ya '''kapitalismɛ''' elingí koloba politiki wapi bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mazalí mpɔ na basali tɛ kasi mazalí mpɔ na bomongo ya bokulaka babéngaka bango bakapitalistɛ elingí koloba bakóló-bokulaka mosala. 2639 2005-03-08T22:25:47Z Moyogo 11 [[category:lisangá]] [[Politiki]] ya '''kapitalismɛ''' elingí koloba politiki wapi bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mazalí mpɔ na basali tɛ kasi mazalí mpɔ na bomongo ya bokulaka babéngaka bango bakapitalistɛ elingí koloba bakóló-bokulaka mosɔlɔ. 4643 2005-05-11T04:23:00Z Moyogo 11 +{{ndambo}} [[category:lisangá]] {{ndambo}} [[Politiki]] ya '''kapitalismɛ''' elingí koloba politiki wapi bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mazalí mpɔ na basali tɛ kasi mazalí mpɔ na bomongo ya bokulaka babéngaka bango bakapitalistɛ elingí koloba bakóló-bokulaka mosɔlɔ. 8066 2006-04-25T13:28:45Z 160.85.2.50 [[category:lisangá]] [[category:politiki]] {{ndambo}} [[Politiki]] ya '''kapitalismɛ''' elingí koloba politiki wapi bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mazalí mpɔ na basali tɛ kasi mazalí mpɔ na bomongo ya bokulaka babéngaka bango bakapitalistɛ elingí koloba bakóló-bokulaka mosɔlɔ. 8071 2006-04-25T13:33:51Z 160.85.2.50 interwiki [[category:lisangá]] [[category:politiki]] {{ndambo}} [[Politiki]] ya '''kapitalismɛ''' elingí koloba politiki wapi bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mazalí mpɔ na basali tɛ kasi mazalí mpɔ na bomongo ya bokulaka babéngaka bango bakapitalistɛ elingí koloba bakóló-bokulaka mosɔlɔ. [[ar:رأسمالية]] [[bg:Капитализъм]] [[ca:Capitalisme]] [[cs:Kapitalismus]] [[da:Kapitalisme]] [[de:Kapitalismus]] [[en:Capitalism]] [[eo:Kapitalismo]] [[es:Capitalismo]] [[et:Kapitalism]] [[eu:Kapitalismo]] [[fa:سرمایه‌داری]] [[fi:Kapitalismi]] [[gl:Capitalismo]] [[he:קפיטליזם]] [[hu:Kapitalizmus]] [[id:Kapitalisme]] [[it:Capitalismo]] [[ja:資本主義]] [[ko:자본주의]] [[lt:Kapitalizmas]] [[mk:Капитализам]] [[nl:Kapitalisme]] [[nn:Kapitalisme]] [[no:Kapitalisme]] [[pl:Kapitalizm]] [[pt:Capitalismo]] [[ru:Капитализм]] [[scn:Capitalismu]] [[simple:Capitalism]] [[sk:Kapitalizmus]] [[sl:Kapitalizem]] [[sv:Kapitalism]] [[th:ทุนนิยม]] [[tr:Kapitalizm]] [[uk:Капіталізм]] [[vi:Chủ nghĩa tư bản]] [[zh:资本主义]] 9015 2006-08-02T05:48:58Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: [[fr:Capitalisme]], [[ug:كاپىتالىزم]] [[category:lisangá]] [[category:politiki]] {{ndambo}} [[Politiki]] ya '''kapitalismɛ''' elingí koloba politiki wapi bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mazalí mpɔ na basali tɛ kasi mazalí mpɔ na bomongo ya bokulaka babéngaka bango bakapitalistɛ elingí koloba bakóló-bokulaka mosɔlɔ. [[ar:رأسمالية]] [[bg:Капитализъм]] [[ca:Capitalisme]] [[cs:Kapitalismus]] [[da:Kapitalisme]] [[de:Kapitalismus]] [[en:Capitalism]] [[eo:Kapitalismo]] [[es:Capitalismo]] [[et:Kapitalism]] [[eu:Kapitalismo]] [[fa:سرمایه‌داری]] [[fi:Kapitalismi]] [[fr:Capitalisme]] [[gl:Capitalismo]] [[he:קפיטליזם]] [[hu:Kapitalizmus]] [[id:Kapitalisme]] [[it:Capitalismo]] [[ja:資本主義]] [[ko:자본주의]] [[lt:Kapitalizmas]] [[mk:Капитализам]] [[nl:Kapitalisme]] [[nn:Kapitalisme]] [[no:Kapitalisme]] [[pl:Kapitalizm]] [[pt:Capitalismo]] [[ru:Капитализм]] [[scn:Capitalismu]] [[simple:Capitalism]] [[sk:Kapitalizmus]] [[sl:Kapitalizem]] [[sv:Kapitalism]] [[th:ทุนนิยม]] [[tr:Kapitalizm]] [[ug:كاپىتالىزم]] [[uk:Капіталізм]] [[vi:Chủ nghĩa tư bản]] [[zh:资本主义]] 9504 2006-10-16T03:35:03Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: [[mr:भांडवलशाही]], [[ro:Capitalism]] [[category:lisangá]] [[category:politiki]] {{ndambo}} [[Politiki]] ya '''kapitalismɛ''' elingí koloba politiki wapi bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mazalí mpɔ na basali tɛ kasi mazalí mpɔ na bomongo ya bokulaka babéngaka bango bakapitalistɛ elingí koloba bakóló-bokulaka mosɔlɔ. [[ar:رأسمالية]] [[bg:Капитализъм]] [[ca:Capitalisme]] [[cs:Kapitalismus]] [[da:Kapitalisme]] [[de:Kapitalismus]] [[en:Capitalism]] [[eo:Kapitalismo]] [[es:Capitalismo]] [[et:Kapitalism]] [[eu:Kapitalismo]] [[fa:سرمایه‌داری]] [[fi:Kapitalismi]] [[fr:Capitalisme]] [[gl:Capitalismo]] [[he:קפיטליזם]] [[hu:Kapitalizmus]] [[id:Kapitalisme]] [[it:Capitalismo]] [[ja:資本主義]] [[ko:자본주의]] [[lt:Kapitalizmas]] [[mk:Капитализам]] [[mr:भांडवलशाही]] [[nl:Kapitalisme]] [[nn:Kapitalisme]] [[no:Kapitalisme]] [[pl:Kapitalizm]] [[pt:Capitalismo]] [[ro:Capitalism]] [[ru:Капитализм]] [[scn:Capitalismu]] [[simple:Capitalism]] [[sk:Kapitalizmus]] [[sl:Kapitalizem]] [[sv:Kapitalism]] [[th:ทุนนิยม]] [[tr:Kapitalizm]] [[ug:كاپىتالىزم]] [[uk:Капіталізм]] [[vi:Chủ nghĩa tư bản]] [[zh:资本主义]] 9889 2006-11-28T06:30:48Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[la:Capitalismus]], [[sr:Капитализам]] [[category:lisangá]] [[category:politiki]] {{ndambo}} [[Politiki]] ya '''kapitalismɛ''' elingí koloba politiki wapi bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mazalí mpɔ na basali tɛ kasi mazalí mpɔ na bomongo ya bokulaka babéngaka bango bakapitalistɛ elingí koloba bakóló-bokulaka mosɔlɔ. [[ar:رأسمالية]] [[bg:Капитализъм]] [[ca:Capitalisme]] [[cs:Kapitalismus]] [[da:Kapitalisme]] [[de:Kapitalismus]] [[en:Capitalism]] [[eo:Kapitalismo]] [[es:Capitalismo]] [[et:Kapitalism]] [[eu:Kapitalismo]] [[fa:سرمایه‌داری]] [[fi:Kapitalismi]] [[fr:Capitalisme]] [[gl:Capitalismo]] [[he:קפיטליזם]] [[hu:Kapitalizmus]] [[id:Kapitalisme]] [[it:Capitalismo]] [[ja:資本主義]] [[ko:자본주의]] [[la:Capitalismus]] [[lt:Kapitalizmas]] [[mk:Капитализам]] [[mr:भांडवलशाही]] [[nl:Kapitalisme]] [[nn:Kapitalisme]] [[no:Kapitalisme]] [[pl:Kapitalizm]] [[pt:Capitalismo]] [[ro:Capitalism]] [[ru:Капитализм]] [[scn:Capitalismu]] [[simple:Capitalism]] [[sk:Kapitalizmus]] [[sl:Kapitalizem]] [[sr:Капитализам]] [[sv:Kapitalism]] [[th:ทุนนิยม]] [[tr:Kapitalizm]] [[ug:كاپىتالىزم]] [[uk:Капіталізм]] [[vi:Chủ nghĩa tư bản]] [[zh:资本主义]] 9976 2006-12-15T11:45:42Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[az:Kapitalizm]], [[bs:Kapitalizam]] [[category:lisangá]] [[category:politiki]] {{ndambo}} [[Politiki]] ya '''kapitalismɛ''' elingí koloba politiki wapi bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mazalí mpɔ na basali tɛ kasi mazalí mpɔ na bomongo ya bokulaka babéngaka bango bakapitalistɛ elingí koloba bakóló-bokulaka mosɔlɔ. [[ar:رأسمالية]] [[az:Kapitalizm]] [[bg:Капитализъм]] [[bs:Kapitalizam]] [[ca:Capitalisme]] [[cs:Kapitalismus]] [[da:Kapitalisme]] [[de:Kapitalismus]] [[en:Capitalism]] [[eo:Kapitalismo]] [[es:Capitalismo]] [[et:Kapitalism]] [[eu:Kapitalismo]] [[fa:سرمایه‌داری]] [[fi:Kapitalismi]] [[fr:Capitalisme]] [[gl:Capitalismo]] [[he:קפיטליזם]] [[hu:Kapitalizmus]] [[id:Kapitalisme]] [[it:Capitalismo]] [[ja:資本主義]] [[ko:자본주의]] [[la:Capitalismus]] [[lt:Kapitalizmas]] [[mk:Капитализам]] [[mr:भांडवलशाही]] [[nl:Kapitalisme]] [[nn:Kapitalisme]] [[no:Kapitalisme]] [[pl:Kapitalizm]] [[pt:Capitalismo]] [[ro:Capitalism]] [[ru:Капитализм]] [[scn:Capitalismu]] [[simple:Capitalism]] [[sk:Kapitalizmus]] [[sl:Kapitalizem]] [[sr:Капитализам]] [[sv:Kapitalism]] [[th:ทุนนิยม]] [[tr:Kapitalizm]] [[ug:كاپىتالىزم]] [[uk:Капіталізм]] [[vi:Chủ nghĩa tư bản]] [[zh:资本主义]] Sosialisimɛ 1076 2334 2005-03-06T17:47:10Z Bombo 12 [[category:lisangá]] === sosialisimɛ === Sosialisimɛ ezalí [[politiki]] ékopesa matomba ya mosala na mabɔrɔ ya basali bangó mɔkɔ mpe ékopekisa bokulaka ézala ya mwá liboke ya bato. 2337 2005-03-06T17:47:51Z Bombo 12 [[category:lisangá]] '''Sosialisimɛ''' ezalí [[politiki]] ékopesa matomba ya mosala na mabɔrɔ ya basali bangó mɔkɔ mpe ékopekisa bokulaka ézala ya mwá liboke ya bato. 2660 2005-03-06T17:58:39Z Bombo 12 [[category:lisangá]] [[Image:Hw-marx.jpg|thumb|Karl Marx, 1818 - 1883]] '''Sosialisimɛ''' ezalí [[politiki]] ékopesa matomba ya mosala na mabɔrɔ ya basali bangó mɔkɔ mpe ékopekisa bokulaka ézala ya mwá liboke ya bato. 4644 2005-05-11T04:43:03Z Moyogo 11 {{ndámbo}} {{ndámbo}} [[category:lisangá]] [[Image:Hw-marx.jpg|thumb|Karl Marx, 1818 - 1883]] '''Sosialisimɛ''' ezalí [[politiki]] ékopesa matomba ya mosala na mabɔrɔ ya basali bangó mɔkɔ mpe ékopekisa bokulaka ézala ya mwá liboke ya bato. 8068 2006-04-25T13:29:56Z 160.85.2.50 {{ndámbo}} [[category:lisangá]] [[category:politiki]] [[Image:Hw-marx.jpg|thumb|Karl Marx, 1818 - 1883]] '''Sosialisimɛ''' ezalí [[politiki]] ékopesa matomba ya mosala na mabɔrɔ ya basali bangó mɔkɔ mpe ékopekisa bokulaka ézala ya mwá liboke ya bato. 8070 2006-04-25T13:32:00Z 160.85.2.50 interwiki {{ndámbo}} [[category:lisangá]] [[category:politiki]] [[Image:Hw-marx.jpg|thumb|Karl Marx, 1818 - 1883]] '''Sosialisimɛ''' ezalí [[politiki]] ékopesa matomba ya mosala na mabɔrɔ ya basali bangó mɔkɔ mpe ékopekisa bokulaka ézala ya mwá liboke ya bato. [[ast:Socialismu]] [[ca:Socialisme]] [[cs:Socialismus]] [[da:Socialisme]] [[de:Sozialismus]] [[en:Socialism]] [[eo:Socialismo]] [[es:Socialismo]] [[et:Sotsialism]] [[eu:Sozialismo]] [[fa:سوسیالیسم]] [[fi:Sosialismi]] [[gl:Socialismo]] [[he:סוציאליזם]] [[hr:Socijalizam]] [[hu:Szocializmus]] [[id:Sosialisme]] [[is:Jafnaðarstefna]] [[it:Socialismo]] [[ja:社会主義]] [[ko:사회주의]] [[lt:Socializmas]] [[mk:Социјализам]] [[ms:Sosialisme]] [[nl:Socialisme]] [[nn:Sosialisme]] [[no:Sosialisme]] [[pl:Socjalizm]] [[pt:Socialismo]] [[ro:Socialism]] [[ru:Социализм]] [[scn:Sucialismu]] [[sco:Socialism]] [[sh:Socijalizam]] [[simple:Socialism]] [[sl:Socializem]] [[sr:Социјализам]] [[sv:Socialism]] [[tr:Sosyalizm]] [[uk:Соціалізм]] [[zh:社会主义]] [[zh-min-nan:Siā-hoē-chú-gī]] 8355 2006-06-05T08:06:25Z ActiveSelective 70 + fr: {{ndámbo}} [[category:lisangá]] [[category:politiki]] [[Image:Hw-marx.jpg|thumb|Karl Marx, 1818 - 1883]] '''Sosialisimɛ''' ezalí [[politiki]] ékopesa matomba ya mosala na mabɔrɔ ya basali bangó mɔkɔ mpe ékopekisa bokulaka ézala ya mwá liboke ya bato. [[ast:Socialismu]] [[ca:Socialisme]] [[cs:Socialismus]] [[da:Socialisme]] [[de:Sozialismus]] [[en:Socialism]] [[eo:Socialismo]] [[es:Socialismo]] [[et:Sotsialism]] [[eu:Sozialismo]] [[fa:سوسیالیسم]] [[fi:Sosialismi]] [[fr:Socialisme]] [[gl:Socialismo]] [[he:סוציאליזם]] [[hr:Socijalizam]] [[hu:Szocializmus]] [[id:Sosialisme]] [[is:Jafnaðarstefna]] [[it:Socialismo]] [[ja:社会主義]] [[ko:사회주의]] [[lt:Socializmas]] [[mk:Социјализам]] [[ms:Sosialisme]] [[nl:Socialisme]] [[nn:Sosialisme]] [[no:Sosialisme]] [[pl:Socjalizm]] [[pt:Socialismo]] [[ro:Socialism]] [[ru:Социализм]] [[scn:Sucialismu]] [[sco:Socialism]] [[sh:Socijalizam]] [[simple:Socialism]] [[sl:Socializem]] [[sr:Социјализам]] [[sv:Socialism]] [[tr:Sosyalizm]] [[uk:Соціалізм]] [[zh:社会主义]] [[zh-min-nan:Siā-hoē-chú-gī]] 9085 2006-08-08T22:06:12Z Bombo 12 {{ndámbo}} [[category:lisangá]] [[category:politiki]] [[Image:Hw-marx.jpg|thumb|Karl Marx, 1818 - 1883]] '''Sosialisimɛ''' ezalí [[politiki]] ékopesa matomba ya mosala na mabɔrɔ ya basali bangó mɔkɔ mpé ékopekisa bokulaka ézala ya mwá liboke ya bato. [[ast:Socialismu]] [[ca:Socialisme]] [[cs:Socialismus]] [[da:Socialisme]] [[de:Sozialismus]] [[en:Socialism]] [[eo:Socialismo]] [[es:Socialismo]] [[et:Sotsialism]] [[eu:Sozialismo]] [[fa:سوسیالیسم]] [[fi:Sosialismi]] [[fr:Socialisme]] [[gl:Socialismo]] [[he:סוציאליזם]] [[hr:Socijalizam]] [[hu:Szocializmus]] [[id:Sosialisme]] [[is:Jafnaðarstefna]] [[it:Socialismo]] [[ja:社会主義]] [[ko:사회주의]] [[lt:Socializmas]] [[mk:Социјализам]] [[ms:Sosialisme]] [[nl:Socialisme]] [[nn:Sosialisme]] [[no:Sosialisme]] [[pl:Socjalizm]] [[pt:Socialismo]] [[ro:Socialism]] [[ru:Социализм]] [[scn:Sucialismu]] [[sco:Socialism]] [[sh:Socijalizam]] [[simple:Socialism]] [[sl:Socializem]] [[sr:Социјализам]] [[sv:Socialism]] [[tr:Sosyalizm]] [[uk:Соціалізм]] [[zh:社会主义]] [[zh-min-nan:Siā-hoē-chú-gī]] 9653 2006-11-03T04:12:46Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: [[ga:Sóisialachas]], [[ka:სოციალიზმი]] {{ndámbo}} [[category:lisangá]] [[category:politiki]] [[Image:Hw-marx.jpg|thumb|Karl Marx, 1818 - 1883]] '''Sosialisimɛ''' ezalí [[politiki]] ékopesa matomba ya mosala na mabɔrɔ ya basali bangó mɔkɔ mpé ékopekisa bokulaka ézala ya mwá liboke ya bato. [[ast:Socialismu]] [[ca:Socialisme]] [[cs:Socialismus]] [[da:Socialisme]] [[de:Sozialismus]] [[en:Socialism]] [[eo:Socialismo]] [[es:Socialismo]] [[et:Sotsialism]] [[eu:Sozialismo]] [[fa:سوسیالیسم]] [[fi:Sosialismi]] [[fr:Socialisme]] [[ga:Sóisialachas]] [[gl:Socialismo]] [[he:סוציאליזם]] [[hr:Socijalizam]] [[hu:Szocializmus]] [[id:Sosialisme]] [[is:Jafnaðarstefna]] [[it:Socialismo]] [[ja:社会主義]] [[ka:სოციალიზმი]] [[ko:사회주의]] [[lt:Socializmas]] [[mk:Социјализам]] [[ms:Sosialisme]] [[nl:Socialisme]] [[nn:Sosialisme]] [[no:Sosialisme]] [[pl:Socjalizm]] [[pt:Socialismo]] [[ro:Socialism]] [[ru:Социализм]] [[scn:Sucialismu]] [[sco:Socialism]] [[sh:Socijalizam]] [[simple:Socialism]] [[sl:Socializem]] [[sr:Социјализам]] [[sv:Socialism]] [[tr:Sosyalizm]] [[uk:Соціалізм]] [[zh:社会主义]] [[zh-min-nan:Siā-hoē-chú-gī]] Komynisimɛ 1077 2641 2005-03-06T17:54:40Z Bombo 12 [[category:lisangá]] [[Image:162 6220.jpg|thumb|Lenin, 1870 - 1924 (Vladimir Iljitch Uljanov)]] '''Komynisimɛ''' ezalí [[politiki]] ékosenga bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mázala mpɔ na bolamu ya lingomba, kasi ékopekisa bokulaka ya moto mɔkɔ. 4645 2005-05-11T04:23:38Z Moyogo 11 +{{ndambo}} {{ndambo}} [[category:lisangá]] [[Image:162 6220.jpg|thumb|Lenin, 1870 - 1924 (Vladimir Iljitch Uljanov)]] '''Komynisimɛ''' ezalí [[politiki]] ékosenga bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mázala mpɔ na bolamu ya lingomba, kasi ékopekisa bokulaka ya moto mɔkɔ. 6593 2005-10-27T10:18:42Z Bombo 12 interwiki {{ndambo}} [[category:lisangá]] [[Image:162 6220.jpg|thumb|Lenin, 1870 - 1924 (Vladimir Iljitch Uljanov)]] '''Komynisimɛ''' ezalí [[politiki]] ékosenga bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mázala mpɔ na bolamu ya lingomba, kasi ékopekisa bokulaka ya moto mɔkɔ. [[de:Kommunismus]] [[fr:communisme]] 7952 2006-04-02T20:20:56Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: ar, be, bg, bs, ca, cs, da, el, en, eo, es, et, eu, fa, fi, ga, gl, he, hr, hu, id, io, it, ja, ko, lb, lt, mk, ms, nds, nl, nn, no, pl, pt, ro, ru, scn, sh, simple, sk, sl, sr, sv, ta, th, tr, uk, vi, zh, zh-min-nan {{ndambo}} [[category:lisangá]] [[Image:162 6220.jpg|thumb|Lenin, 1870 - 1924 (Vladimir Iljitch Uljanov)]] '''Komynisimɛ''' ezalí [[politiki]] ékosenga bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mázala mpɔ na bolamu ya lingomba, kasi ékopekisa bokulaka ya moto mɔkɔ. [[ar:شيوعية]] [[be:Камунізм]] [[bg:Комунизъм]] [[bs:Komunizam]] [[ca:Comunisme]] [[cs:Komunismus]] [[da:Kommunisme]] [[de:Kommunismus]] [[el:Κομμουνισμός]] [[en:Communism]] [[eo:Komunismo]] [[es:Comunismo]] [[et:Kommunism]] [[eu:Komunismo]] [[fa:کمونیسم]] [[fi:Kommunismi]] [[fr:Communisme]] [[ga:Cumannachas]] [[gl:Comunismo (política)]] [[he:קומוניזם]] [[hr:Komunizam]] [[hu:Kommunizmus]] [[id:Komunisme]] [[io:Komunismo]] [[it:Comunismo]] [[ja:共産主義]] [[ko:공산주의]] [[lb:Kommunismus]] [[lt:Komunizmas]] [[mk:Комунизам]] [[ms:Komunisme]] [[nds:Kommunismus]] [[nl:Communisme]] [[nn:Kommunisme]] [[no:Kommunisme]] [[pl:Komunizm]] [[pt:Comunismo]] [[ro:Comunism]] [[ru:Коммунизм]] [[scn:Cumunismu]] [[sh:Komunizam]] [[simple:Communism]] [[sk:Komunizmus]] [[sl:Komunizem]] [[sr:Комунизам]] [[sv:Kommunism]] [[ta:பொதுவுடமை]] [[th:ลัทธิคอมมิวนิสต์]] [[tr:Komünizm]] [[uk:Комунізм]] [[vi:Chủ nghĩa cộng sản]] [[zh:共产主义]] [[zh-min-nan:Kiōng-sán-chú-gī]] 8069 2006-04-25T13:30:36Z 160.85.2.50 {{ndambo}} [[category:lisangá]] [[category:politiki]] [[Image:162 6220.jpg|thumb|Lenin, 1870 - 1924 (Vladimir Iljitch Uljanov)]] '''Komynisimɛ''' ezalí [[politiki]] ékosenga bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mázala mpɔ na bolamu ya lingomba, kasi ékopekisa bokulaka ya moto mɔkɔ. [[ar:شيوعية]] [[be:Камунізм]] [[bg:Комунизъм]] [[bs:Komunizam]] [[ca:Comunisme]] [[cs:Komunismus]] [[da:Kommunisme]] [[de:Kommunismus]] [[el:Κομμουνισμός]] [[en:Communism]] [[eo:Komunismo]] [[es:Comunismo]] [[et:Kommunism]] [[eu:Komunismo]] [[fa:کمونیسم]] [[fi:Kommunismi]] [[fr:Communisme]] [[ga:Cumannachas]] [[gl:Comunismo (política)]] [[he:קומוניזם]] [[hr:Komunizam]] [[hu:Kommunizmus]] [[id:Komunisme]] [[io:Komunismo]] [[it:Comunismo]] [[ja:共産主義]] [[ko:공산주의]] [[lb:Kommunismus]] [[lt:Komunizmas]] [[mk:Комунизам]] [[ms:Komunisme]] [[nds:Kommunismus]] [[nl:Communisme]] [[nn:Kommunisme]] [[no:Kommunisme]] [[pl:Komunizm]] [[pt:Comunismo]] [[ro:Comunism]] [[ru:Коммунизм]] [[scn:Cumunismu]] [[sh:Komunizam]] [[simple:Communism]] [[sk:Komunizmus]] [[sl:Komunizem]] [[sr:Комунизам]] [[sv:Kommunism]] [[ta:பொதுவுடமை]] [[th:ลัทธิคอมมิวนิสต์]] [[tr:Komünizm]] [[uk:Комунізм]] [[vi:Chủ nghĩa cộng sản]] [[zh:共产主义]] [[zh-min-nan:Kiōng-sán-chú-gī]] 9017 2006-08-02T05:49:16Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: ast, cy, lv, st, ug {{ndambo}} [[category:lisangá]] [[category:politiki]] [[Image:162 6220.jpg|thumb|Lenin, 1870 - 1924 (Vladimir Iljitch Uljanov)]] '''Komynisimɛ''' ezalí [[politiki]] ékosenga bokulaka mpe matomba ya mosala mázala mpɔ na bolamu ya lingomba, kasi ékopekisa bokulaka ya moto mɔkɔ. [[ar:شيوعية]] [[ast:Comunismu]] [[be:Камунізм]] [[bg:Комунизъм]] [[bs:Komunizam]] [[ca:Comunisme]] [[cs:Komunismus]] [[cy:Comiwnyddiaeth]] [[da:Kommunisme]] [[de:Kommunismus]] [[el:Κομμουνισμός]] [[en:Communism]] [[eo:Komunismo]] [[es:Comunismo]] [[et:Kommunism]] [[eu:Komunismo]] [[fa:کمونیسم]] [[fi:Kommunismi]] [[fr:Communisme]] [[ga:Cumannachas]] [[gl:Comunismo (política)]] [[he:קומוניזם]] [[hr:Komunizam]] [[hu:Kommunizmus]] [[id:Komunisme]] [[io:Komunismo]] [[it:Comunismo]] [[ja:共産主義]] [[ko:공산주의]] [[lb:Kommunismus]] [[lt:Komunizmas]] [[lv:Komunisms]] [[mk:Комунизам]] [[ms:Komunisme]] [[nds:Kommunismus]] [[nl:Communisme]] [[nn:Kommunisme]] [[no:Kommunisme]] [[pl:Komunizm]] [[pt:Comunismo]] [[ro:Comunism]] [[ru:Коммунизм]] [[scn:Cumunismu]] [[sh:Komunizam]] [[simple:Communism]] [[sk:Komunizmus]] [[sl:Komunizem]] [[sr:Комунизам]] [[st:Bokominisi]] [[sv:Kommunism]] [[ta:பொதுவுடமை]] [[th:ลัทธิคอมมิวนิสต์]] [[tr:Komünizm]] [[ug:كوممۇنىزم]] [[uk:Комунізм]] [[vi:Chủ nghĩa cộng sản]] [[zh:共产主义]] [[zh-min-nan:Kiōng-sán-chú-gī]] 9086 2006-08-08T22:06:40Z Bombo 12 {{ndambo}} [[category:lisangá]] [[category:politiki]] [[Image:162 6220.jpg|thumb|Lenin, 1870 - 1924 (Vladimir Iljitch Uljanov)]] '''Komynisimɛ''' ezalí [[politiki]] ékosenga bokulaka mpé matomba ya mosala mázala mpɔ na bolamu ya lingomba, kasi ékopekisa bokulaka ya moto mɔkɔ. [[ar:شيوعية]] [[ast:Comunismu]] [[be:Камунізм]] [[bg:Комунизъм]] [[bs:Komunizam]] [[ca:Comunisme]] [[cs:Komunismus]] [[cy:Comiwnyddiaeth]] [[da:Kommunisme]] [[de:Kommunismus]] [[el:Κομμουνισμός]] [[en:Communism]] [[eo:Komunismo]] [[es:Comunismo]] [[et:Kommunism]] [[eu:Komunismo]] [[fa:کمونیسم]] [[fi:Kommunismi]] [[fr:Communisme]] [[ga:Cumannachas]] [[gl:Comunismo (política)]] [[he:קומוניזם]] [[hr:Komunizam]] [[hu:Kommunizmus]] [[id:Komunisme]] [[io:Komunismo]] [[it:Comunismo]] [[ja:共産主義]] [[ko:공산주의]] [[lb:Kommunismus]] [[lt:Komunizmas]] [[lv:Komunisms]] [[mk:Комунизам]] [[ms:Komunisme]] [[nds:Kommunismus]] [[nl:Communisme]] [[nn:Kommunisme]] [[no:Kommunisme]] [[pl:Komunizm]] [[pt:Comunismo]] [[ro:Comunism]] [[ru:Коммунизм]] [[scn:Cumunismu]] [[sh:Komunizam]] [[simple:Communism]] [[sk:Komunizmus]] [[sl:Komunizem]] [[sr:Комунизам]] [[st:Bokominisi]] [[sv:Kommunism]] [[ta:பொதுவுடமை]] [[th:ลัทธิคอมมิวนิสต์]] [[tr:Komünizm]] [[ug:كوممۇنىزم]] [[uk:Комунізм]] [[vi:Chủ nghĩa cộng sản]] [[zh:共产主义]] [[zh-min-nan:Kiōng-sán-chú-gī]] Wikipedia talk:Site support 1078 4646 2005-03-06T18:55:34Z Bombo 12 #REDIRECT [[http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Faites_un_don]] 5567 2005-07-24T00:31:02Z Themalau 22 #REDIRECT [http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Faites_un_don] Bokɔnɔ 1079 2370 2005-03-07T22:58:13Z Bombo 12 == 2. Bokɔnɔ bwa sida == '''Maye mayebani''' Eyebani ndenge nini [[ngenge]] ya [[sida]] epesamaka. Eyebani ndenge nini moto akoki komikebisa. Eyebani ndenge ya boluki ngenge ya sida na nzoto ya moto. Eyebani ndenge ya kokitisa mpasi ya moto oyo abeli sida, ndenge ya kosalisa ya mpe kobakisa bomoyi bwa ye. Kasi eyebani te ndenge ya kosilisa to kolongola bokɔnɔ bwa sida na nzoto ya moto. 2373 2005-03-07T22:59:18Z Bombo 12 /* 2. Bokɔnɔ bwa sida */ == 2. Bokɔnɔ bwa sida == '''Maye mayebani''' Eyebani ndenge nini [[ngenge]] ya [[sida]] epesamaka. Eyebani ndenge nini moto akoki komikebisa. Eyebani ndenge ya boluki ngenge ya sida na nzoto ya moto. Eyebani ndenge ya kokitisa mpasi ya moto oyo abeli sida, ndenge ya kosalisa ya mpe kobakisa bomoyi bwa ye. Kasi eyebani te ndenge ya kosilisa to kolongola bokɔnɔ bwa sida na nzoto ya moto. 2633 2005-03-07T23:51:48Z Bombo 12 == 2. Bokɔnɔ bwa sida == '''Maye mayebani''' Eyebani ndenge nini [[ngenge]] ya [[sida]] epesamaka. Eyebani ndenge nini moto akoki komikebisa. Eyebani ndenge ya boluki ngenge ya sida na nzoto ya moto. Eyebani ndenge ya kokitisa mpasi ya moto oyo abeli sida, ndenge ya kosalisa ya mpe kobakisa bomoyi bwa ye. Kasi eyebani te ndenge ya kosilisa to kolongola bokɔnɔ bwa sida na nzoto ya moto. [[category:Bokɔnɔ]] 4647 2005-05-11T04:20:10Z Moyogo 11 + {{ndambo}} {{ndambo}} == 2. Bokɔnɔ bwa sida == '''Maye mayebani''' Eyebani ndenge nini [[ngenge]] ya [[sida]] epesamaka. Eyebani ndenge nini moto akoki komikebisa. Eyebani ndenge ya boluki ngenge ya sida na nzoto ya moto. Eyebani ndenge ya kokitisa mpasi ya moto oyo abeli sida, ndenge ya kosalisa ya mpe kobakisa bomoyi bwa ye. Kasi eyebani te ndenge ya kosilisa to kolongola bokɔnɔ bwa sida na nzoto ya moto. [[category:Bokɔnɔ]] Sida 1080 2371 2005-03-07T23:32:35Z Bombo 12 '''Sida''' epesamaka na [[ngenge]]. Ngenge oyo epasaka [[bokɔnɔ]] bwa sida elimbisaka bokasi bwa makila ya moto. Ntango ngenge ena ekoti na nzoto ya moto, ekoboma bakengeli ya makila. Mpo bango nde bapekisaka bokɔnɔ bokoto o nzoto ya moto. ''Kobele bokɔnɔ bwa sida'' elingi koloba te ngenge yango ekoti na nzoto ya moto mpe sima ya mikolo akobele. === Sida ebombanaka mbula mingi o kati ya nzoto === Sima ya bokoteli bwa ngenge o nzoto, ekoki koleka mbula mingi liboso nzoto elaksi kobela. Yango wana, sima ya koyeba te ngenge ekoteli moto o nzoto, esengeli kokende noki komono [[móngana]]. Soki na mokolo mwa lelo, minganga naino basukisi bokɔnɔ bwa sida te, kasi nkisi ezali mpo ya kolembisa bokasi bwa ngenge ena. Nkisi wana nde ekopekisa nzoto ya moto ebela noki bokɔnɔ bwa sida. Sima ya bokoteli bwa ngenge o nzoto, tokoki kopesa ngenge ena na moto mosusu. Ngenge ekoki kopesama ataa soki nzoto ya mokumbi ngenge ena elakisi kobele te. === Ndenge nini ngenge ya sida epasamaka? === [[Ndenge ya sida]] ekoki kotela moto o nzoto ntango ya botamboli ya [[mwasi]] na [[mobali]] soki bamikebisi te na botii ekanga, to ntango ya bopesi makila, to ntango mwasi akumbi zemi, soki azali na ngenge ya sida akoki kopesa na mwana. '''Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali, soki tomikebisi na ekanga te:''' * Mobali nyonso oyo azali na ''ngenge ya sida'', akoki kopesa yango mwasi; * Mwasi nyonso oyo azali na ''ngenge ya sida'', akoki mpe kopesa yango ya mobali; * Mpo ya baye bakendeke mibali na mibali, moko akoki kopesa moninga ''ngene ya sida''. '''Mwasi ya zemi,''' soki azali na ''ngenge ya sida'' na nzoto, akoki kopesa yango na ndenge misato: * ntango mwana azali na libumu; * ntango ya kobota; *to ntango ya komelisa mwana mabele. === Ndenge nini tokoki komikebisa na ngenge ya sida? === Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali: Kaka nde ekanga ekoki [[kopekisa]] ''ngenge ya sida''. Tokoki kosomba ebateli na bisika biyike: esika batekaka nkisi, makaya masanga. 2372 2005-03-07T23:34:07Z Bombo 12 '''Sida''' epesamaka na [[ngenge]]. Ngenge oyo epasaka [[bokɔnɔ]] bwa sida elimbisaka bokasi bwa makila ya moto. Ntango ngenge ena ekoti na nzoto ya moto, ekoboma bakengeli ya makila. Mpo bango nde bapekisaka bokɔnɔ bokoto o nzoto ya moto. '''Kobele bokɔnɔ bwa sida''' elingi koloba te ngenge yango ekoti na nzoto ya moto mpe sima ya mikolo akobele. === Sida ebombanaka mbula mingi o kati ya nzoto === Sima ya bokoteli bwa ngenge o nzoto, ekoki koleka mbula mingi liboso nzoto elaksi kobela. Yango wana, sima ya koyeba te ngenge ekoteli moto o nzoto, esengeli kokende noki komono [[móngana]]. Soki na mokolo mwa lelo, minganga naino basukisi bokɔnɔ bwa sida te, kasi nkisi ezali mpo ya kolembisa bokasi bwa ngenge ena. Nkisi wana nde ekopekisa nzoto ya moto ebela noki bokɔnɔ bwa sida. Sima ya bokoteli bwa ngenge o nzoto, tokoki kopesa ngenge ena na moto mosusu. Ngenge ekoki kopesama ataa soki nzoto ya mokumbi ngenge ena elakisi kobele te. === Ndenge nini ngenge ya sida epasamaka? === [[Ndenge ya sida]] ekoki kotela moto o nzoto ntango ya botamboli ya [[mwasi]] na [[mobali]] soki bamikebisi te na botii ekanga, to ntango ya bopesi makila, to ntango mwasi akumbi zemi, soki azali na ngenge ya sida akoki kopesa na mwana. '''Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali, soki tomikebisi na ekanga te:''' * Mobali nyonso oyo azali na ''ngenge ya sida'', akoki kopesa yango mwasi; * Mwasi nyonso oyo azali na ''ngenge ya sida'', akoki mpe kopesa yango ya mobali; * Mpo ya baye bakendeke mibali na mibali, moko akoki kopesa moninga ''ngene ya sida''. '''Mwasi ya zemi,''' soki azali na ''ngenge ya sida'' na nzoto, akoki kopesa yango na ndenge misato: * ntango mwana azali na libumu; * ntango ya kobota; *to ntango ya komelisa mwana mabele. === Ndenge nini tokoki komikebisa na ngenge ya sida? === Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali: Kaka nde ekanga ekoki [[kopekisa]] ''ngenge ya sida''. Tokoki kosomba ebateli na bisika biyike: esika batekaka nkisi, makaya masanga. 2498 2005-03-07T23:45:42Z Bombo 12 [[category:bokɔnɔ]] [[Image:Sida-repartition.png|thumb|400px|Estimation de la répartition des personnes séropositives fin 2003]] '''Sida''' ('''S'''yndrome d''''i'''mmuno'''d'''éficience '''a'''cquise) epesamaka na [[ngenge]]. Ngenge oyo epasaka [[bokɔnɔ]] bwa sida elimbisaka bokasi bwa makila ya moto. Ntango ngenge ena ekoti na nzoto ya moto, ekoboma bakengeli ya makila. Mpo bango nde bapekisaka bokɔnɔ bokoto o nzoto ya moto. '''Kobele bokɔnɔ bwa sida''' elingi koloba te ngenge yango ekoti na nzoto ya moto mpe sima ya mikolo akobele. === Sida ebombanaka mbula mingi o kati ya nzoto === Sima ya bokoteli bwa ngenge o nzoto, ekoki koleka mbula mingi liboso nzoto elaksi kobela. Yango wana, sima ya koyeba te ngenge ekoteli moto o nzoto, esengeli kokende noki komono [[móngana]]. Soki na mokolo mwa lelo, minganga naino basukisi bokɔnɔ bwa sida te, kasi nkisi ezali mpo ya kolembisa bokasi bwa ngenge ena. Nkisi wana nde ekopekisa nzoto ya moto ebela noki bokɔnɔ bwa sida. Sima ya bokoteli bwa ngenge o nzoto, tokoki kopesa ngenge ena na moto mosusu. Ngenge ekoki kopesama ataa soki nzoto ya mokumbi ngenge ena elakisi kobele te. === Ndenge nini ngenge ya sida epasamaka? === [[Ndenge ya sida]] ekoki kotela moto o nzoto ntango ya botamboli ya [[mwasi]] na [[mobali]] soki bamikebisi te na botii ekanga, to ntango ya bopesi makila, to ntango mwasi akumbi zemi, soki azali na ngenge ya sida akoki kopesa na mwana. '''Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali, soki tomikebisi na ekanga te:''' * Mobali nyonso oyo azali na ''ngenge ya sida'', akoki kopesa yango mwasi; * Mwasi nyonso oyo azali na ''ngenge ya sida'', akoki mpe kopesa yango ya mobali; * Mpo ya baye bakendeke mibali na mibali, moko akoki kopesa moninga ''ngene ya sida''. '''Mwasi ya zemi,''' soki azali na ''ngenge ya sida'' na nzoto, akoki kopesa yango na ndenge misato: * ntango mwana azali na libumu; * ntango ya kobota; *to ntango ya komelisa mwana mabele. === Ndenge nini tokoki komikebisa na ngenge ya sida? === Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali: Kaka nde ekanga ekoki [[kopekisa]] ''ngenge ya sida''. Tokoki kosomba ebateli na bisika biyike: esika batekaka nkisi, makaya masanga. 2499 2005-04-02T10:59:05Z 80.218.21.70 /* Ndenge nini tokoki komikebisa na ngenge ya sida? */ [[category:bokɔnɔ]] [[Image:Sida-repartition.png|thumb|400px|Estimation de la répartition des personnes séropositives fin 2003]] '''Sida''' ('''S'''yndrome d''''i'''mmuno'''d'''éficience '''a'''cquise) epesamaka na [[ngenge]]. Ngenge oyo epasaka [[bokɔnɔ]] bwa sida elimbisaka bokasi bwa makila ya moto. Ntango ngenge ena ekoti na nzoto ya moto, ekoboma bakengeli ya makila. Mpo bango nde bapekisaka bokɔnɔ bokoto o nzoto ya moto. '''Kobele bokɔnɔ bwa sida''' elingi koloba te ngenge yango ekoti na nzoto ya moto mpe sima ya mikolo akobele. === Sida ebombanaka mbula mingi o kati ya nzoto === Sima ya bokoteli bwa ngenge o nzoto, ekoki koleka mbula mingi liboso nzoto elaksi kobela. Yango wana, sima ya koyeba te ngenge ekoteli moto o nzoto, esengeli kokende noki komono [[móngana]]. Soki na mokolo mwa lelo, minganga naino basukisi bokɔnɔ bwa sida te, kasi nkisi ezali mpo ya kolembisa bokasi bwa ngenge ena. Nkisi wana nde ekopekisa nzoto ya moto ebela noki bokɔnɔ bwa sida. Sima ya bokoteli bwa ngenge o nzoto, tokoki kopesa ngenge ena na moto mosusu. Ngenge ekoki kopesama ataa soki nzoto ya mokumbi ngenge ena elakisi kobele te. === Ndenge nini ngenge ya sida epasamaka? === [[Ndenge ya sida]] ekoki kotela moto o nzoto ntango ya botamboli ya [[mwasi]] na [[mobali]] soki bamikebisi te na botii ekanga, to ntango ya bopesi makila, to ntango mwasi akumbi zemi, soki azali na ngenge ya sida akoki kopesa na mwana. '''Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali, soki tomikebisi na ekanga te:''' * Mobali nyonso oyo azali na ''ngenge ya sida'', akoki kopesa yango mwasi; * Mwasi nyonso oyo azali na ''ngenge ya sida'', akoki mpe kopesa yango ya mobali; * Mpo ya baye bakendeke mibali na mibali, moko akoki kopesa moninga ''ngene ya sida''. '''Mwasi ya zemi,''' soki azali na ''ngenge ya sida'' na nzoto, akoki kopesa yango na ndenge misato: * ntango mwana azali na libumu; * ntango ya kobota; *to ntango ya komelisa mwana mabele. === Ndenge nini tokoki komikebisa na ngenge ya sida? === Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali: Kaka nde ekanga ekoki [[ekopekisa|kopekisa]] ''ngenge ya sida''. Tokoki kosomba ebateli na bisika biyike: esika batekaka nkisi, makaya masanga. 2510 2005-04-02T11:09:16Z Bombo 12 [[category:bokɔnɔ]] [[category:sida]] [[Image:Sida-repartition.png|thumb|400px|Estimation de la répartition des personnes séropositives fin 2003]] '''Sida''' ('''S'''yndrome d''''i'''mmuno'''d'''éficience '''a'''cquise) epesamaka na [[ngenge]]. Ngenge oyo epasaka [[bokɔnɔ]] bwa sida elimbisaka bokasi bwa makila ya moto. Ntango ngenge ena ekoti na nzoto ya moto, ekoboma bakengeli ya makila. Mpo bango nde bapekisaka bokɔnɔ bokoto o nzoto ya moto. '''Kobele bokɔnɔ bwa sida''' elingi koloba te ngenge yango ekoti na nzoto ya moto mpe sima ya mikolo akobele. === Sida ebombanaka mbula mingi o kati ya nzoto === Sima ya bokoteli bwa ngenge o nzoto, ekoki koleka mbula mingi liboso nzoto elaksi kobela. Yango wana, sima ya koyeba te ngenge ekoteli moto o nzoto, esengeli kokende noki komono [[móngana]]. Soki na mokolo mwa lelo, minganga naino basukisi bokɔnɔ bwa sida te, kasi nkisi ezali mpo ya kolembisa bokasi bwa ngenge ena. Nkisi wana nde ekopekisa nzoto ya moto ebela noki bokɔnɔ bwa sida. Sima ya bokoteli bwa ngenge o nzoto, tokoki kopesa ngenge ena na moto mosusu. Ngenge ekoki kopesama ataa soki nzoto ya mokumbi ngenge ena elakisi kobele te. === Ndenge nini ngenge ya sida epasamaka? === [[Ndenge ya sida]] ekoki kotela moto o nzoto ntango ya botamboli ya [[mwasi]] na [[mobali]] soki bamikebisi te na botii ekanga, to ntango ya bopesi makila, to ntango mwasi akumbi zemi, soki azali na ngenge ya sida akoki kopesa na mwana. '''Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali, soki tomikebisi na ekanga te:''' * Mobali nyonso oyo azali na ''ngenge ya sida'', akoki kopesa yango mwasi; * Mwasi nyonso oyo azali na ''ngenge ya sida'', akoki mpe kopesa yango ya mobali; * Mpo ya baye bakendeke mibali na mibali, moko akoki kopesa moninga ''ngene ya sida''. '''Mwasi ya zemi,''' soki azali na ''ngenge ya sida'' na nzoto, akoki kopesa yango na ndenge misato: * ntango mwana azali na libumu; * ntango ya kobota; *to ntango ya komelisa mwana mabele. === Ndenge nini tokoki komikebisa na ngenge ya sida? === Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali: Kaka nde ekanga ekoki [[ekopekisa|kopekisa]] ''ngenge ya sida''. Tokoki kosomba ebateli na bisika biyike: esika batekaka nkisi, makaya masanga. 2659 2005-04-02T15:00:21Z 80.218.21.70 [[category:boyebi mosala ya mónganga]] [[category:bokɔnɔ]] [[category:sida]] [[Image:Sida-repartition.png|thumb|400px|Estimation de la répartition des personnes séropositives fin 2003]] '''Sida''' ('''S'''yndrome d''''i'''mmuno'''d'''éficience '''a'''cquise) epesamaka na [[ngenge]]. Ngenge oyo epasaka [[bokɔnɔ]] bwa sida elimbisaka bokasi bwa makila ya moto. Ntango ngenge ena ekoti na nzoto ya moto, ekoboma bakengeli ya makila. Mpo bango nde bapekisaka bokɔnɔ bokoto o nzoto ya moto. '''Kobele bokɔnɔ bwa sida''' elingi koloba te ngenge yango ekoti na nzoto ya moto mpe sima ya mikolo akobele. === Sida ebombanaka mbula mingi o kati ya nzoto === Sima ya bokoteli bwa ngenge o nzoto, ekoki koleka mbula mingi liboso nzoto elaksi kobela. Yango wana, sima ya koyeba te ngenge ekoteli moto o nzoto, esengeli kokende noki komono [[móngana]]. Soki na mokolo mwa lelo, minganga naino basukisi bokɔnɔ bwa sida te, kasi nkisi ezali mpo ya kolembisa bokasi bwa ngenge ena. Nkisi wana nde ekopekisa nzoto ya moto ebela noki bokɔnɔ bwa sida. Sima ya bokoteli bwa ngenge o nzoto, tokoki kopesa ngenge ena na moto mosusu. Ngenge ekoki kopesama ataa soki nzoto ya mokumbi ngenge ena elakisi kobele te. === Ndenge nini ngenge ya sida epasamaka? === [[Ndenge ya sida]] ekoki kotela moto o nzoto ntango ya botamboli ya [[mwasi]] na [[mobali]] soki bamikebisi te na botii ekanga, to ntango ya bopesi makila, to ntango mwasi akumbi zemi, soki azali na ngenge ya sida akoki kopesa na mwana. '''Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali, soki tomikebisi na ekanga te:''' * Mobali nyonso oyo azali na ''ngenge ya sida'', akoki kopesa yango mwasi; * Mwasi nyonso oyo azali na ''ngenge ya sida'', akoki mpe kopesa yango ya mobali; * Mpo ya baye bakendeke mibali na mibali, moko akoki kopesa moninga ''ngene ya sida''. '''Mwasi ya zemi,''' soki azali na ''ngenge ya sida'' na nzoto, akoki kopesa yango na ndenge misato: * ntango mwana azali na libumu; * ntango ya kobota; *to ntango ya komelisa mwana mabele. === Ndenge nini tokoki komikebisa na ngenge ya sida? === Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali: Kaka nde ekanga ekoki [[ekopekisa|kopekisa]] ''ngenge ya sida''. Tokoki kosomba ebateli na bisika biyike: esika batekaka nkisi, makaya masanga. 4648 2005-05-11T04:42:49Z Moyogo 11 +{{ndámbo}} {{ndámbo}} [[category:boyebi mosala ya mónganga]] [[category:bokɔnɔ]] [[category:sida]] [[Image:Sida-repartition.png|thumb|400px|Estimation de la répartition des personnes séropositives fin 2003]] '''Sida''' ('''S'''yndrome d''''i'''mmuno'''d'''éficience '''a'''cquise) epesamaka na [[ngenge]]. Ngenge oyo epasaka [[bokɔnɔ]] bwa sida elimbisaka bokasi bwa makila ya moto. Ntango ngenge ena ekoti na nzoto ya moto, ekoboma bakengeli ya makila. Mpo bango nde bapekisaka bokɔnɔ bokoto o nzoto ya moto. '''Kobele bokɔnɔ bwa sida''' elingi koloba te ngenge yango ekoti na nzoto ya moto mpe sima ya mikolo akobele. === Sida ebombanaka mbula mingi o kati ya nzoto === Sima ya bokoteli bwa ngenge o nzoto, ekoki koleka mbula mingi liboso nzoto elaksi kobela. Yango wana, sima ya koyeba te ngenge ekoteli moto o nzoto, esengeli kokende noki komono [[móngana]]. Soki na mokolo mwa lelo, minganga naino basukisi bokɔnɔ bwa sida te, kasi nkisi ezali mpo ya kolembisa bokasi bwa ngenge ena. Nkisi wana nde ekopekisa nzoto ya moto ebela noki bokɔnɔ bwa sida. Sima ya bokoteli bwa ngenge o nzoto, tokoki kopesa ngenge ena na moto mosusu. Ngenge ekoki kopesama ataa soki nzoto ya mokumbi ngenge ena elakisi kobele te. === Ndenge nini ngenge ya sida epasamaka? === [[Ndenge ya sida]] ekoki kotela moto o nzoto ntango ya botamboli ya [[mwasi]] na [[mobali]] soki bamikebisi te na botii ekanga, to ntango ya bopesi makila, to ntango mwasi akumbi zemi, soki azali na ngenge ya sida akoki kopesa na mwana. '''Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali, soki tomikebisi na ekanga te:''' * Mobali nyonso oyo azali na ''ngenge ya sida'', akoki kopesa yango mwasi; * Mwasi nyonso oyo azali na ''ngenge ya sida'', akoki mpe kopesa yango ya mobali; * Mpo ya baye bakendeke mibali na mibali, moko akoki kopesa moninga ''ngene ya sida''. '''Mwasi ya zemi,''' soki azali na ''ngenge ya sida'' na nzoto, akoki kopesa yango na ndenge misato: * ntango mwana azali na libumu; * ntango ya kobota; *to ntango ya komelisa mwana mabele. === Ndenge nini tokoki komikebisa na ngenge ya sida? === Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali: Kaka nde ekanga ekoki [[ekopekisa|kopekisa]] ''ngenge ya sida''. Tokoki kosomba ebateli na bisika biyike: esika batekaka nkisi, makaya masanga. 6426 2005-10-10T12:17:39Z Bombo 12 cat {{ndámbo}} [[category:boyebi mosala ya mónganga]] [[category:bokɔnɔ]] [[category:sida]] [[Category:maladi]] [[Image:Sida-repartition.png|thumb|400px|Estimation de la répartition des personnes séropositives fin 2003]] '''Sida''' ('''S'''yndrome d''''i'''mmuno'''d'''éficience '''a'''cquise) epesamaka na [[ngenge]]. Ngenge oyo epasaka [[bokɔnɔ]] bwa sida elimbisaka bokasi bwa makila ya moto. Ntango ngenge ena ekoti na nzoto ya moto, ekoboma bakengeli ya makila. Mpo bango nde bapekisaka bokɔnɔ bokoto o nzoto ya moto. '''Kobele bokɔnɔ bwa sida''' elingi koloba te ngenge yango ekoti na nzoto ya moto mpe sima ya mikolo akobele. === Sida ebombanaka mbula mingi o kati ya nzoto === Sima ya bokoteli bwa ngenge o nzoto, ekoki koleka mbula mingi liboso nzoto elaksi kobela. Yango wana, sima ya koyeba te ngenge ekoteli moto o nzoto, esengeli kokende noki komono [[móngana]]. Soki na mokolo mwa lelo, minganga naino basukisi bokɔnɔ bwa sida te, kasi nkisi ezali mpo ya kolembisa bokasi bwa ngenge ena. Nkisi wana nde ekopekisa nzoto ya moto ebela noki bokɔnɔ bwa sida. Sima ya bokoteli bwa ngenge o nzoto, tokoki kopesa ngenge ena na moto mosusu. Ngenge ekoki kopesama ataa soki nzoto ya mokumbi ngenge ena elakisi kobele te. === Ndenge nini ngenge ya sida epasamaka? === [[Ndenge ya sida]] ekoki kotela moto o nzoto ntango ya botamboli ya [[mwasi]] na [[mobali]] soki bamikebisi te na botii ekanga, to ntango ya bopesi makila, to ntango mwasi akumbi zemi, soki azali na ngenge ya sida akoki kopesa na mwana. '''Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali, soki tomikebisi na ekanga te:''' * Mobali nyonso oyo azali na ''ngenge ya sida'', akoki kopesa yango mwasi; * Mwasi nyonso oyo azali na ''ngenge ya sida'', akoki mpe kopesa yango ya mobali; * Mpo ya baye bakendeke mibali na mibali, moko akoki kopesa moninga ''ngene ya sida''. '''Mwasi ya zemi,''' soki azali na ''ngenge ya sida'' na nzoto, akoki kopesa yango na ndenge misato: * ntango mwana azali na libumu; * ntango ya kobota; *to ntango ya komelisa mwana mabele. === Ndenge nini tokoki komikebisa na ngenge ya sida? === Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali: Kaka nde ekanga ekoki [[ekopekisa|kopekisa]] ''ngenge ya sida''. Tokoki kosomba ebateli na bisika biyike: esika batekaka nkisi, makaya masanga. 6572 2005-10-27T09:48:39Z Bombo 12 interwiki {{ndámbo}} [[category:boyebi mosala ya mónganga]] [[category:bokɔnɔ]] [[category:sida]] [[Category:maladi]] [[Image:Sida-repartition.png|thumb|400px|Estimation de la répartition des personnes séropositives fin 2003]] '''Sida''' ('''S'''yndrome d''''i'''mmuno'''d'''éficience '''a'''cquise) epesamaka na [[ngenge]]. Ngenge oyo epasaka [[bokɔnɔ]] bwa sida elimbisaka bokasi bwa makila ya moto. Ntango ngenge ena ekoti na nzoto ya moto, ekoboma bakengeli ya makila. Mpo bango nde bapekisaka bokɔnɔ bokoto o nzoto ya moto. '''Kobele bokɔnɔ bwa sida''' elingi koloba te ngenge yango ekoti na nzoto ya moto mpe sima ya mikolo akobele. === Sida ebombanaka mbula mingi o kati ya nzoto === Sima ya bokoteli bwa ngenge o nzoto, ekoki koleka mbula mingi liboso nzoto elaksi kobela. Yango wana, sima ya koyeba te ngenge ekoteli moto o nzoto, esengeli kokende noki komono [[móngana]]. Soki na mokolo mwa lelo, minganga naino basukisi bokɔnɔ bwa sida te, kasi nkisi ezali mpo ya kolembisa bokasi bwa ngenge ena. Nkisi wana nde ekopekisa nzoto ya moto ebela noki bokɔnɔ bwa sida. Sima ya bokoteli bwa ngenge o nzoto, tokoki kopesa ngenge ena na moto mosusu. Ngenge ekoki kopesama ataa soki nzoto ya mokumbi ngenge ena elakisi kobele te. === Ndenge nini ngenge ya sida epasamaka? === [[Ndenge ya sida]] ekoki kotela moto o nzoto ntango ya botamboli ya [[mwasi]] na [[mobali]] soki bamikebisi te na botii ekanga, to ntango ya bopesi makila, to ntango mwasi akumbi zemi, soki azali na ngenge ya sida akoki kopesa na mwana. '''Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali, soki tomikebisi na ekanga te:''' * Mobali nyonso oyo azali na ''ngenge ya sida'', akoki kopesa yango mwasi; * Mwasi nyonso oyo azali na ''ngenge ya sida'', akoki mpe kopesa yango ya mobali; * Mpo ya baye bakendeke mibali na mibali, moko akoki kopesa moninga ''ngene ya sida''. '''Mwasi ya zemi,''' soki azali na ''ngenge ya sida'' na nzoto, akoki kopesa yango na ndenge misato: * ntango mwana azali na libumu; * ntango ya kobota; *to ntango ya komelisa mwana mabele. === Ndenge nini tokoki komikebisa na ngenge ya sida? === Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali: Kaka nde ekanga ekoki [[ekopekisa|kopekisa]] ''ngenge ya sida''. Tokoki kosomba ebateli na bisika biyike: esika batekaka nkisi, makaya masanga. [[de:Aids]] [[fr:Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise]] 7486 2006-01-03T17:35:38Z Bombo 12 cat {{ndámbo}} [[category:Mónganga]] [[category:bokɔnɔ]] [[category:sida]] [[Category:maladi]] [[Image:Sida-repartition.png|thumb|400px|Estimation de la répartition des personnes séropositives fin 2003]] '''Sida''' ('''S'''yndrome d''''i'''mmuno'''d'''éficience '''a'''cquise) epesamaka na [[ngenge]]. Ngenge oyo epasaka [[bokɔnɔ]] bwa sida elimbisaka bokasi bwa makila ya moto. Ntango ngenge ena ekoti na nzoto ya moto, ekoboma bakengeli ya makila. Mpo bango nde bapekisaka bokɔnɔ bokoto o nzoto ya moto. '''Kobele bokɔnɔ bwa sida''' elingi koloba te ngenge yango ekoti na nzoto ya moto mpe sima ya mikolo akobele. === Sida ebombanaka mbula mingi o kati ya nzoto === Sima ya bokoteli bwa ngenge o nzoto, ekoki koleka mbula mingi liboso nzoto elaksi kobela. Yango wana, sima ya koyeba te ngenge ekoteli moto o nzoto, esengeli kokende noki komono [[móngana]]. Soki na mokolo mwa lelo, minganga naino basukisi bokɔnɔ bwa sida te, kasi nkisi ezali mpo ya kolembisa bokasi bwa ngenge ena. Nkisi wana nde ekopekisa nzoto ya moto ebela noki bokɔnɔ bwa sida. Sima ya bokoteli bwa ngenge o nzoto, tokoki kopesa ngenge ena na moto mosusu. Ngenge ekoki kopesama ataa soki nzoto ya mokumbi ngenge ena elakisi kobele te. === Ndenge nini ngenge ya sida epasamaka? === [[Ndenge ya sida]] ekoki kotela moto o nzoto ntango ya botamboli ya [[mwasi]] na [[mobali]] soki bamikebisi te na botii ekanga, to ntango ya bopesi makila, to ntango mwasi akumbi zemi, soki azali na ngenge ya sida akoki kopesa na mwana. '''Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali, soki tomikebisi na ekanga te:''' * Mobali nyonso oyo azali na ''ngenge ya sida'', akoki kopesa yango mwasi; * Mwasi nyonso oyo azali na ''ngenge ya sida'', akoki mpe kopesa yango ya mobali; * Mpo ya baye bakendeke mibali na mibali, moko akoki kopesa moninga ''ngene ya sida''. '''Mwasi ya zemi,''' soki azali na ''ngenge ya sida'' na nzoto, akoki kopesa yango na ndenge misato: * ntango mwana azali na libumu; * ntango ya kobota; *to ntango ya komelisa mwana mabele. === Ndenge nini tokoki komikebisa na ngenge ya sida? === Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali: Kaka nde ekanga ekoki [[ekopekisa|kopekisa]] ''ngenge ya sida''. Tokoki kosomba ebateli na bisika biyike: esika batekaka nkisi, makaya masanga. [[de:Aids]] [[fr:Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise]] 7488 2006-01-03T18:00:16Z Bombo 12 corr cat {{ndámbo}} [[category:Móngana]] [[category:bokɔnɔ]] [[category:sida]] [[Category:maladi]] [[Image:Sida-repartition.png|thumb|400px|Estimation de la répartition des personnes séropositives fin 2003]] '''Sida''' ('''S'''yndrome d''''i'''mmuno'''d'''éficience '''a'''cquise) epesamaka na [[ngenge]]. Ngenge oyo epasaka [[bokɔnɔ]] bwa sida elimbisaka bokasi bwa makila ya moto. Ntango ngenge ena ekoti na nzoto ya moto, ekoboma bakengeli ya makila. Mpo bango nde bapekisaka bokɔnɔ bokoto o nzoto ya moto. '''Kobele bokɔnɔ bwa sida''' elingi koloba te ngenge yango ekoti na nzoto ya moto mpe sima ya mikolo akobele. === Sida ebombanaka mbula mingi o kati ya nzoto === Sima ya bokoteli bwa ngenge o nzoto, ekoki koleka mbula mingi liboso nzoto elaksi kobela. Yango wana, sima ya koyeba te ngenge ekoteli moto o nzoto, esengeli kokende noki komono [[móngana]]. Soki na mokolo mwa lelo, minganga naino basukisi bokɔnɔ bwa sida te, kasi nkisi ezali mpo ya kolembisa bokasi bwa ngenge ena. Nkisi wana nde ekopekisa nzoto ya moto ebela noki bokɔnɔ bwa sida. Sima ya bokoteli bwa ngenge o nzoto, tokoki kopesa ngenge ena na moto mosusu. Ngenge ekoki kopesama ataa soki nzoto ya mokumbi ngenge ena elakisi kobele te. === Ndenge nini ngenge ya sida epasamaka? === [[Ndenge ya sida]] ekoki kotela moto o nzoto ntango ya botamboli ya [[mwasi]] na [[mobali]] soki bamikebisi te na botii ekanga, to ntango ya bopesi makila, to ntango mwasi akumbi zemi, soki azali na ngenge ya sida akoki kopesa na mwana. '''Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali, soki tomikebisi na ekanga te:''' * Mobali nyonso oyo azali na ''ngenge ya sida'', akoki kopesa yango mwasi; * Mwasi nyonso oyo azali na ''ngenge ya sida'', akoki mpe kopesa yango ya mobali; * Mpo ya baye bakendeke mibali na mibali, moko akoki kopesa moninga ''ngene ya sida''. '''Mwasi ya zemi,''' soki azali na ''ngenge ya sida'' na nzoto, akoki kopesa yango na ndenge misato: * ntango mwana azali na libumu; * ntango ya kobota; *to ntango ya komelisa mwana mabele. === Ndenge nini tokoki komikebisa na ngenge ya sida? === Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali: Kaka nde ekanga ekoki [[ekopekisa|kopekisa]] ''ngenge ya sida''. Tokoki kosomba ebateli na bisika biyike: esika batekaka nkisi, makaya masanga. [[de:Aids]] [[fr:Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise]] 9682 2006-11-09T20:55:20Z 82.155.241.100 {{ndámbo}} [[category:Móngana]] [[category:bokɔnɔ]] [[category:sida]] [[Category:maladi]] [[Image:Sida-repartition.png|thumb|400px|Estimation de la répartition des personnes séropositives fin 2003]] '''Sida''' ('''S'''yndrome d''''i'''mmuno'''d'''éficience '''a'''cquise) epesamaka na [[ngenge]]. Ngenge oyo epasaka [[bokɔnɔ]] bwa sida elimbisaka bokasi bwa makila ya moto. Ntango ngenge ena ekoti na nzoto ya moto, ekoboma bakengeli ya makila. Mpo bango nde bapekisaka bokɔnɔ bokoto o nzoto ya moto. '''Kobele bokɔnɔ bwa sida''' elingi koloba te ngenge yango ekoti na nzoto ya moto mpe sima ya mikolo akobele. === Sida ebombanaka mbula mingi o kati ya nzoto === Sima ya bokoteli bwa ngenge o nzoto, ekoki koleka mbula mingi liboso nzoto elaksi kobela. Yango wana, sima ya koyeba te ngenge ekoteli moto o nzoto, esengeli kokende noki komono [[móngana]]. Soki na mokolo mwa lelo, minganga naino basukisi bokɔnɔ bwa sida te, kasi nkisi ezali mpo ya kolembisa bokasi bwa ngenge ena. Nkisi wana nde ekopekisa nzoto ya moto ebela noki bokɔnɔ bwa sida. Sima ya bokoteli bwa ngenge o nzoto, tokoki kopesa ngenge ena na moto mosusu. Ngenge ekoki kopesama ataa soki nzoto ya mokumbi ngenge ena elakisi kobele te. === Ndenge nini ngenge ya sida epasamaka? === [[Ndenge ya sida]] ekoki kotela moto o nzoto ntango ya botamboli ya [[mwasi]] na [[mobali]] soki bamikebisi te na botii ekanga, to ntango ya bopesi makila, to ntango mwasi akumbi zemi, soki azali na ngenge ya sida akoki kopesa na mwana. '''Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali, soki tomikebisi na ekanga te:''' * Mobali nyonso oyo azali na ''ngenge ya sida'', akoki kopesa yango mwasi; * Mwasi nyonso oyo azali na ''ngenge ya sida'', akoki mpe kopesa yango ya mobali; * Mpo ya baye bakendeke mibali na mibali, moko akoki kopesa moninga ''ngene ya sida''. '''Mwasi ya zemi,''' soki azali na ''ngenge ya sida'' na nzoto, akoki kopesa yango na ndenge misato: * ntango mwana azali na libumu; * ntango ya kobota; *to ntango ya komelisa mwana mabele. === Ndenge nini tokoki komikebisa na ngenge ya sida? === Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali: Kaka nde ekanga ekoki [[ekopekisa|kopekisa]] ''ngenge ya sida''. Tokoki kosomba ebateli na bisika biyike: esika batekaka nkisi, makaya masanga. [[de:Aids]] [[fr:Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise]] [[la:SCDI]] 9885 2006-11-27T08:21:19Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: af, als, ar, ast, be, bg, bm, bn, bs, ca, cs, da, en, eo, es, et, eu, fa, fi, ga, gd, gl, he, hi, hr, hu, id, is, it, ja, kn, ko, ku, lb, lt, lv, mk, ms, nl, nn, no, pl, ps, pt, qu, ro, ru, scn, simple, sk, sl, sr, sv, sw, ta, th, tr, {{ndámbo}} [[category:Móngana]] [[category:bokɔnɔ]] [[category:sida]] [[Category:maladi]] [[Image:Sida-repartition.png|thumb|400px|Estimation de la répartition des personnes séropositives fin 2003]] '''Sida''' ('''S'''yndrome d''''i'''mmuno'''d'''éficience '''a'''cquise) epesamaka na [[ngenge]]. Ngenge oyo epasaka [[bokɔnɔ]] bwa sida elimbisaka bokasi bwa makila ya moto. Ntango ngenge ena ekoti na nzoto ya moto, ekoboma bakengeli ya makila. Mpo bango nde bapekisaka bokɔnɔ bokoto o nzoto ya moto. '''Kobele bokɔnɔ bwa sida''' elingi koloba te ngenge yango ekoti na nzoto ya moto mpe sima ya mikolo akobele. === Sida ebombanaka mbula mingi o kati ya nzoto === Sima ya bokoteli bwa ngenge o nzoto, ekoki koleka mbula mingi liboso nzoto elaksi kobela. Yango wana, sima ya koyeba te ngenge ekoteli moto o nzoto, esengeli kokende noki komono [[móngana]]. Soki na mokolo mwa lelo, minganga naino basukisi bokɔnɔ bwa sida te, kasi nkisi ezali mpo ya kolembisa bokasi bwa ngenge ena. Nkisi wana nde ekopekisa nzoto ya moto ebela noki bokɔnɔ bwa sida. Sima ya bokoteli bwa ngenge o nzoto, tokoki kopesa ngenge ena na moto mosusu. Ngenge ekoki kopesama ataa soki nzoto ya mokumbi ngenge ena elakisi kobele te. === Ndenge nini ngenge ya sida epasamaka? === [[Ndenge ya sida]] ekoki kotela moto o nzoto ntango ya botamboli ya [[mwasi]] na [[mobali]] soki bamikebisi te na botii ekanga, to ntango ya bopesi makila, to ntango mwasi akumbi zemi, soki azali na ngenge ya sida akoki kopesa na mwana. '''Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali, soki tomikebisi na ekanga te:''' * Mobali nyonso oyo azali na ''ngenge ya sida'', akoki kopesa yango mwasi; * Mwasi nyonso oyo azali na ''ngenge ya sida'', akoki mpe kopesa yango ya mobali; * Mpo ya baye bakendeke mibali na mibali, moko akoki kopesa moninga ''ngene ya sida''. '''Mwasi ya zemi,''' soki azali na ''ngenge ya sida'' na nzoto, akoki kopesa yango na ndenge misato: * ntango mwana azali na libumu; * ntango ya kobota; *to ntango ya komelisa mwana mabele. === Ndenge nini tokoki komikebisa na ngenge ya sida? === Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali: Kaka nde ekanga ekoki [[ekopekisa|kopekisa]] ''ngenge ya sida''. Tokoki kosomba ebateli na bisika biyike: esika batekaka nkisi, makaya masanga. [[af:VIGS]] [[als:AIDS]] [[ar:متلازمة نقص المناعة المكتسبة]] [[ast:SIDA]] [[be:СНІД]] [[bg:СПИН]] [[bm:Sida]] [[bn:এইডস]] [[bs:Sida]] [[ca:SIDA]] [[cs:AIDS]] [[da:Aids]] [[de:Aids]] [[en:AIDS]] [[eo:Aidoso]] [[es:SIDA]] [[et:AIDS]] [[eu:HIES]] [[fa:ایدز]] [[fi:AIDS]] [[fr:Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise]] [[ga:SEIF]] [[gd:AIDS]] [[gl:SIDA]] [[he:איידס]] [[hi:एड्स]] [[hr:Kopnica]] [[hu:AIDS]] [[id:AIDS]] [[is:Alnæmi]] [[it:AIDS]] [[ja:後天性免疫不全症候群]] [[kn:ಏಡ್ಸ್]] [[ko:에이즈]] [[ku:AIDS]] [[la:SCDI]] [[lb:Aids]] [[lt:AIDS]] [[lv:AIDS]] [[mk:СИДА]] [[ms:AIDS]] [[nl:Aids]] [[nn:HIV/AIDS]] [[no:AIDS]] [[pl:Zespół nabytego niedoboru odporności]] [[ps:اېډز]] [[pt:Síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida]] [[qu:SIDA]] [[ro:SIDA]] [[ru:СПИД]] [[scn:AIDS]] [[simple:AIDS]] [[sk:Aids]] [[sl:AIDS]] [[sr:Сида]] [[sv:Aids]] [[sw:Ukimwi]] [[ta:எய்ட்ஸ்]] [[th:เอดส์]] [[tr:AIDS]] [[tt:AİDS]] [[uk:СНІД]] [[vi:AIDS]] [[zh:艾滋病]] [[zh-min-nan:AIDS]] [[zh-yue:愛滋病]] 9956 2006-12-12T12:23:15Z JAnDbot 85 robot Ajoute: [[sh:AIDS]] Modifie: [[af:Vigs]], [[sl:Aids]] {{ndámbo}} [[category:Móngana]] [[category:bokɔnɔ]] [[category:sida]] [[Category:maladi]] [[Image:Sida-repartition.png|thumb|400px|Estimation de la répartition des personnes séropositives fin 2003]] '''Sida''' ('''S'''yndrome d''''i'''mmuno'''d'''éficience '''a'''cquise) epesamaka na [[ngenge]]. Ngenge oyo epasaka [[bokɔnɔ]] bwa sida elimbisaka bokasi bwa makila ya moto. Ntango ngenge ena ekoti na nzoto ya moto, ekoboma bakengeli ya makila. Mpo bango nde bapekisaka bokɔnɔ bokoto o nzoto ya moto. '''Kobele bokɔnɔ bwa sida''' elingi koloba te ngenge yango ekoti na nzoto ya moto mpe sima ya mikolo akobele. === Sida ebombanaka mbula mingi o kati ya nzoto === Sima ya bokoteli bwa ngenge o nzoto, ekoki koleka mbula mingi liboso nzoto elaksi kobela. Yango wana, sima ya koyeba te ngenge ekoteli moto o nzoto, esengeli kokende noki komono [[móngana]]. Soki na mokolo mwa lelo, minganga naino basukisi bokɔnɔ bwa sida te, kasi nkisi ezali mpo ya kolembisa bokasi bwa ngenge ena. Nkisi wana nde ekopekisa nzoto ya moto ebela noki bokɔnɔ bwa sida. Sima ya bokoteli bwa ngenge o nzoto, tokoki kopesa ngenge ena na moto mosusu. Ngenge ekoki kopesama ataa soki nzoto ya mokumbi ngenge ena elakisi kobele te. === Ndenge nini ngenge ya sida epasamaka? === [[Ndenge ya sida]] ekoki kotela moto o nzoto ntango ya botamboli ya [[mwasi]] na [[mobali]] soki bamikebisi te na botii ekanga, to ntango ya bopesi makila, to ntango mwasi akumbi zemi, soki azali na ngenge ya sida akoki kopesa na mwana. '''Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali, soki tomikebisi na ekanga te:''' * Mobali nyonso oyo azali na ''ngenge ya sida'', akoki kopesa yango mwasi; * Mwasi nyonso oyo azali na ''ngenge ya sida'', akoki mpe kopesa yango ya mobali; * Mpo ya baye bakendeke mibali na mibali, moko akoki kopesa moninga ''ngene ya sida''. '''Mwasi ya zemi,''' soki azali na ''ngenge ya sida'' na nzoto, akoki kopesa yango na ndenge misato: * ntango mwana azali na libumu; * ntango ya kobota; *to ntango ya komelisa mwana mabele. === Ndenge nini tokoki komikebisa na ngenge ya sida? === Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali: Kaka nde ekanga ekoki [[ekopekisa|kopekisa]] ''ngenge ya sida''. Tokoki kosomba ebateli na bisika biyike: esika batekaka nkisi, makaya masanga. [[af:Vigs]] [[als:AIDS]] [[ar:متلازمة نقص المناعة المكتسبة]] [[ast:SIDA]] [[be:СНІД]] [[bg:СПИН]] [[bm:Sida]] [[bn:এইডস]] [[bs:Sida]] [[ca:SIDA]] [[cs:AIDS]] [[da:Aids]] [[de:Aids]] [[en:AIDS]] [[eo:Aidoso]] [[es:SIDA]] [[et:AIDS]] [[eu:HIES]] [[fa:ایدز]] [[fi:AIDS]] [[fr:Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise]] [[ga:SEIF]] [[gd:AIDS]] [[gl:SIDA]] [[he:איידס]] [[hi:एड्स]] [[hr:Kopnica]] [[hu:AIDS]] [[id:AIDS]] [[is:Alnæmi]] [[it:AIDS]] [[ja:後天性免疫不全症候群]] [[kn:ಏಡ್ಸ್]] [[ko:에이즈]] [[ku:AIDS]] [[la:SCDI]] [[lb:Aids]] [[lt:AIDS]] [[lv:AIDS]] [[mk:СИДА]] [[ms:AIDS]] [[nl:Aids]] [[nn:HIV/AIDS]] [[no:AIDS]] [[pl:Zespół nabytego niedoboru odporności]] [[ps:اېډز]] [[pt:Síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida]] [[qu:SIDA]] [[ro:SIDA]] [[ru:СПИД]] [[scn:AIDS]] [[sh:AIDS]] [[simple:AIDS]] [[sk:Aids]] [[sl:Aids]] [[sr:Сида]] [[sv:Aids]] [[sw:Ukimwi]] [[ta:எய்ட்ஸ்]] [[th:เอดส์]] [[tr:AIDS]] [[tt:AİDS]] [[uk:СНІД]] [[vi:AIDS]] [[zh:艾滋病]] [[zh-min-nan:AIDS]] [[zh-yue:愛滋病]] User:Robbot 1081 4649 2005-03-08T08:59:20Z Andre Engels 15 Robbot is a robot, operated by [[User:Andre Engels|Andre Engels]]. It is mainly used for adding and correcting interwiki-links. 6623 2005-11-02T11:58:46Z Bombo 12 cat bot Robbot is a robot, operated by [[User:Andre Engels|Andre Engels]]. It is mainly used for adding and correcting interwiki-links. [[Category:Wikipedia Bot]] 9506 2006-10-16T17:51:10Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: af, als, am, an, ang, ar, ast, be, bg, bi, bm, bn, bo, br, bs, ca, ceb, chr, co, cs, csb, cv, cy, da, de, dv, dz, el, en, eo, es, et, eu, fa, fi, fiu-vro, fj, fo, fr, fur, fy, ga, gd, gl, gn, gu, gv, haw, he, hi, hr, ht, hu, hy, ia, id Robbot is a robot, operated by [[User:Andre Engels|Andre Engels]]. It is mainly used for adding and correcting interwiki-links. [[Category:Wikipedia Bot]] [[af:Gebruiker:Robbot]] [[als:Benutzer:Robbot]] [[am:User:Robbot]] [[an:Usuario:Robbot]] [[ang:User:Robbot]] [[ar:مستخدم:Robbot]] [[ast:Usuariu:Robbot]] [[be:Удзельнік:Robbot]] [[bg:Потребител:Robbot]] [[bi:User:Robbot]] [[bm:Utilisateur:Robbot]] [[bn:ব্যবহারকারী:Robbot]] [[bo:User:Robbot]] [[br:Implijer:Robbot]] [[bs:Korisnik:Robbot]] [[ca:Usuari:Robbot]] [[ceb:User:Robbot]] [[chr:User:Robbot]] [[co:User:Robbot]] [[cs:Wikipedista:Robbot]] [[csb:Brëkòwnik:Robbot]] [[cv:Хутшăнакан:Robbot]] [[cy:Defnyddiwr:Robbot]] [[da:Bruger:Robbot]] [[de:Benutzer:Robbot]] [[dv:User:Robbot]] [[dz:User:Robbot]] [[el:Χρήστης:Robbot]] [[en:User:Robbot]] [[eo:Vikipediisto:Robbot]] [[es:Usuario:Robbot]] [[et:Kasutaja:Robbot]] [[eu:Lankide:Robbot]] [[fa:کاربر:Robbot]] [[fi:Käyttäjä:Robbot]] [[fiu-vro:User:Robbot]] [[fj:User:Robbot]] [[fo:Brúkari:Robbot]] [[fr:Utilisateur:Robbot]] [[fur:Utent:Robbot]] [[fy:Meidogger:Robbot]] [[ga:Úsáideoir:Robbot]] [[gd:User:Robbot]] [[gl:User:Robbot]] [[gn:Usuario:Robbot]] [[gu:User:Robbot]] [[gv:User:Robbot]] [[haw:User:Robbot]] [[he:משתמש:Robbot]] [[hi:सदस्य:Robbot]] [[hr:Suradnik:Robbot]] [[ht:User:Robbot]] [[hu:User:Robbot]] [[hy:User:Robbot]] [[ia:Usator:Robbot]] [[id:Pengguna:Robbot]] [[ie:User:Robbot]] [[ii:User:Robbot]] [[io:User:Robbot]] [[is:Notandi:Robbot]] [[it:Utente:Robbot]] [[iu:User:Robbot]] [[ja:利用者:Robbot]] [[jbo:User:Robbot]] [[jv:Panganggo:Robbot]] [[ka:მომხმარებელი:Robbot]] [[kg:User:Robbot]] [[km:User:Robbot]] [[kn:ಸದಸ್ಯ:Robbot]] [[ko:사용자:Robbot]] [[ks:User:Robbot]] [[ku:Bikarhêner:Robbot]] [[kw:User:Robbot]] [[ky:User:Robbot]] [[la:Usor:Robbot]] [[lb:User:Robbot]] [[li:Gebroeker:Robbot]] [[lt:Naudotojas:Robbot]] [[lv:Lietotājs:Robbot]] [[mg:User:Robbot]] [[mi:User:Robbot]] [[mk:Корисник:Robbot]] [[mn:User:Robbot]] [[mo:User:Robbot]] [[mr:User:Robbot]] [[ms:Pengguna:Robbot]] [[mt:User:Robbot]] [[na:User:Robbot]] [[nah:Usuario:Robbot]] [[nds:Bruker:Robbot]] [[ne:User:Robbot]] [[nl:Gebruiker:Robbot]] [[nn:Brukar:Robbot]] [[no:Bruker:Robbot]] [[nv:Choinish'įįhí:Robbot]] [[oc:Utilisator:Robbot]] [[os:Архайæг:Robbot]] [[pam:User:Robbot]] [[pi:User:Robbot]] [[pl:Wikipedysta:Robbot]] [[ps:User:Robbot]] [[pt:Usuário:Robbot]] [[qu:Usuario:Robbot]] [[rm:User:Robbot]] [[ro:Utilizator:Robbot]] [[roa-rup:User:Robbot]] [[ru:Участник:Robbot]] [[sa:User:Robbot]] [[sc:Utente:Robbot]] [[scn:User:Robbot]] [[sco:User:Robbot]] [[se:User:Robbot]] [[sh:User:Robbot]] [[si:User:Robbot]] [[simple:User:Robbot]] [[sk:Redaktor:Robbot]] [[sl:Uporabnik:Robbot]] [[sm:User:Robbot]] [[sq:Përdoruesi:Robbot]] [[sr:Корисник:Robbot]] [[st:User:Robbot]] [[su:Pamaké:Robbot]] [[sv:Användare:Robbot]] [[sw:User:Robbot]] [[ta:பயனர்:Robbot]] [[te:సభ్యుడు:Robbot]] [[th:ผู้ใช้:Robbot]] [[ti:User:Robbot]] [[tl:User:Robbot]] [[tpi:User:Robbot]] [[tr:Kullanıcı:Robbot]] [[tt:Äğzä:Robbot]] [[ug:User:Robbot]] [[uk:Користувач:Robbot]] [[ur:صارف:Robbot]] [[uz:User:Robbot]] [[vi:Thành viên:Robbot]] [[vo:User:Robbot]] [[wa:Uzeu:Robbot]] [[xh:User:Robbot]] [[yi:באַניצער:Robbot]] [[yo:User:Robbot]] [[zh:User:Robbot]] [[zh-min-nan:User:Robbot]] 9507 2006-10-16T19:05:28Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: av, az, bat-smg, frp, got, ilo, kk, ksh, lad, lij, lmo, ml, nap, nds-nl, nrm, pdc, tet, tg, tk, udm, vec, vls, war, wo, zh-yue Robbot is a robot, operated by [[User:Andre Engels|Andre Engels]]. It is mainly used for adding and correcting interwiki-links. [[Category:Wikipedia Bot]] [[af:Gebruiker:Robbot]] [[als:Benutzer:Robbot]] [[am:User:Robbot]] [[an:Usuario:Robbot]] [[ang:User:Robbot]] [[ar:مستخدم:Robbot]] [[ast:Usuariu:Robbot]] [[av:Участник:Robbot]] [[az:İstifadəçi:Robbot]] [[bat-smg:Naudotojas:Robbot]] [[be:Удзельнік:Robbot]] [[bg:Потребител:Robbot]] [[bi:User:Robbot]] [[bm:Utilisateur:Robbot]] [[bn:ব্যবহারকারী:Robbot]] [[bo:User:Robbot]] [[br:Implijer:Robbot]] [[bs:Korisnik:Robbot]] [[ca:Usuari:Robbot]] [[ceb:User:Robbot]] [[chr:User:Robbot]] [[co:User:Robbot]] [[cs:Wikipedista:Robbot]] [[csb:Brëkòwnik:Robbot]] [[cv:Хутшăнакан:Robbot]] [[cy:Defnyddiwr:Robbot]] [[da:Bruger:Robbot]] [[de:Benutzer:Robbot]] [[dv:User:Robbot]] [[dz:User:Robbot]] [[el:Χρήστης:Robbot]] [[en:User:Robbot]] [[eo:Vikipediisto:Robbot]] [[es:Usuario:Robbot]] [[et:Kasutaja:Robbot]] [[eu:Lankide:Robbot]] [[fa:کاربر:Robbot]] [[fi:Käyttäjä:Robbot]] [[fiu-vro:User:Robbot]] [[fj:User:Robbot]] [[fo:Brúkari:Robbot]] [[fr:Utilisateur:Robbot]] [[frp:User:Robbot]] [[fur:Utent:Robbot]] [[fy:Meidogger:Robbot]] [[ga:Úsáideoir:Robbot]] [[gd:User:Robbot]] [[gl:User:Robbot]] [[gn:Usuario:Robbot]] [[got:User:Robbot]] [[gu:User:Robbot]] [[gv:User:Robbot]] [[haw:User:Robbot]] [[he:משתמש:Robbot]] [[hi:सदस्य:Robbot]] [[hr:Suradnik:Robbot]] [[ht:User:Robbot]] [[hu:User:Robbot]] [[hy:User:Robbot]] [[ia:Usator:Robbot]] [[id:Pengguna:Robbot]] [[ie:User:Robbot]] [[ii:User:Robbot]] [[ilo:User:Robbot]] [[io:User:Robbot]] [[is:Notandi:Robbot]] [[it:Utente:Robbot]] [[iu:User:Robbot]] [[ja:利用者:Robbot]] [[jbo:User:Robbot]] [[jv:Panganggo:Robbot]] [[ka:მომხმარებელი:Robbot]] [[kg:User:Robbot]] [[kk:User:Robbot]] [[km:User:Robbot]] [[kn:ಸದಸ್ಯ:Robbot]] [[ko:사용자:Robbot]] [[ks:User:Robbot]] [[ksh:User:Robbot]] [[ku:Bikarhêner:Robbot]] [[kw:User:Robbot]] [[ky:User:Robbot]] [[la:Usor:Robbot]] [[lad:User:Robbot]] [[lb:User:Robbot]] [[li:Gebroeker:Robbot]] [[lij:User:Robbot]] [[lmo:User:Robbot]] [[lt:Naudotojas:Robbot]] [[lv:Lietotājs:Robbot]] [[mg:User:Robbot]] [[mi:User:Robbot]] [[mk:Корисник:Robbot]] [[ml:User:Robbot]] [[mn:User:Robbot]] [[mo:User:Robbot]] [[mr:User:Robbot]] [[ms:Pengguna:Robbot]] [[mt:User:Robbot]] [[na:User:Robbot]] [[nah:Usuario:Robbot]] [[nap:Utente:Robbot]] [[nds:Bruker:Robbot]] [[nds-nl:Gebruker:Robbot]] [[ne:User:Robbot]] [[nl:Gebruiker:Robbot]] [[nn:Brukar:Robbot]] [[no:Bruker:Robbot]] [[nrm:User:Robbot]] [[nv:Choinish'įįhí:Robbot]] [[oc:Utilisator:Robbot]] [[os:Архайæг:Robbot]] [[pam:User:Robbot]] [[pdc:User:Robbot]] [[pi:User:Robbot]] [[pl:Wikipedysta:Robbot]] [[ps:User:Robbot]] [[pt:Usuário:Robbot]] [[qu:Usuario:Robbot]] [[rm:User:Robbot]] [[ro:Utilizator:Robbot]] [[roa-rup:User:Robbot]] [[ru:Участник:Robbot]] [[sa:User:Robbot]] [[sc:Utente:Robbot]] [[scn:User:Robbot]] [[sco:User:Robbot]] [[se:User:Robbot]] [[sh:User:Robbot]] [[si:User:Robbot]] [[simple:User:Robbot]] [[sk:Redaktor:Robbot]] [[sl:Uporabnik:Robbot]] [[sm:User:Robbot]] [[sq:Përdoruesi:Robbot]] [[sr:Корисник:Robbot]] [[st:User:Robbot]] [[su:Pamaké:Robbot]] [[sv:Användare:Robbot]] [[sw:User:Robbot]] [[ta:பயனர்:Robbot]] [[te:సభ్యుడు:Robbot]] [[tet:User:Robbot]] [[tg:Корбар:Robbot]] [[th:ผู้ใช้:Robbot]] [[ti:User:Robbot]] [[tk:User:Robbot]] [[tl:User:Robbot]] [[tpi:User:Robbot]] [[tr:Kullanıcı:Robbot]] [[tt:Äğzä:Robbot]] [[udm:Викиавтор:Robbot]] [[ug:User:Robbot]] [[uk:Користувач:Robbot]] [[ur:صارف:Robbot]] [[uz:User:Robbot]] [[vec:Utente:Robbot]] [[vi:Thành viên:Robbot]] [[vls:User:Robbot]] [[vo:User:Robbot]] [[wa:Uzeu:Robbot]] [[war:User:Robbot]] [[wo:User:Robbot]] [[xh:User:Robbot]] [[yi:באַניצער:Robbot]] [[yo:User:Robbot]] [[zh:User:Robbot]] [[zh-min-nan:User:Robbot]] [[zh-yue:User:Robbot]] User talk:24.251.243.233 1082 2400 2005-03-09T14:41:22Z Bombo 12 Est-il utile d'avoir des liens pour le même articles dans des Wikis dans des langues vraiment très éloignés? Là ou on parle le Lingála, on parle aussi Kiswahili, Tchilouba, Kikongo, Français, parfois Portugais ou Anglais - mais jamais des langues ds indiens aux amériques ou des indigènes en Asie! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 14:41, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC) 4650 2005-03-09T14:55:40Z Moyogo 11 Est-il utile d'avoir des liens pour le même articles dans des Wikis dans des langues vraiment très éloignés? Là ou on parle le Lingála, on parle aussi Kiswahili, Tchilouba, Kikongo, Français, parfois Portugais ou Anglais - mais jamais des langues ds indiens aux amériques ou des indigènes en Asie! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 14:41, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC) La prochaine fois que je rajoute des liens interwiki j'essayerais de me limité aux majeurs. Pour ce qui est du commentaire ou plutot de l'ordre de cette personne, je crois que la raison pour laquelle un maximun d'interwiki est importante est qu'il y a des robots qui les utilisent pour améliorer les interwikis. De cette façone en ayant une longue liste d'interwiki, l'article est ajouté dans la liste d'interwiki de tout ceux-ci. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Radio Okapi 1083 2658 2005-03-13T08:57:14Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Congo-langues.gif|thumb|Description manquante]] ???? 4651 2005-05-11T04:42:40Z Moyogo 11 +{{ndámbo}} {{ndámbo}} [[Image:Congo-langues.gif|thumb|Description manquante]] ???? 6184 2005-09-07T23:14:36Z 70.59.233.24 delete -- empty 6222 2005-09-15T09:38:42Z Bombo 12 Reverted edit of 70.59.233.24, changed back to last version by Moyogo {{ndámbo}} [[Image:Congo-langues.gif|thumb|Description manquante]] ???? 6255 2005-09-16T04:22:22Z Node ue 31 Delete -- no Lingala text. 6259 2005-09-17T08:58:35Z Moyogo 11 + {{ndámbo}} '''Radio Okapi''' ezalí radio na [[MONUC]]. == Mankásá o libándá == * [[http://www.radiookapi.net/]] 6260 2005-09-17T08:59:11Z Moyogo 11 {{ndámbo}} '''Radio Okapi''' ezalí radio na [[MONUC]]. == Mankásá o libándá == * [http://www.radiookapi.net/ Radio Okapi] 6261 2005-09-17T09:22:48Z Moyogo 11 {{ndámbo}} '''Radio Okapi''' ezalí radio na [[MONUC]]. ==Tála mpé== === Mankásá o libándá === * [http://www.radiookapi.net/ Radio Okapi] 6276 2005-09-19T15:53:23Z 160.85.2.50 [[Image:Congo-langues.gif|thumb|Radio Okapi]] {{ndámbo}} '''Radio Okapi''' ezalí radio na [[MONUC]]. ==Tála mpé== === Mankásá o libándá === * [http://www.radiookapi.net/ Radio Okapi] 7035 2005-11-25T18:36:57Z 129.132.1.4 Category [[Image:Congo-langues.gif|thumb|Radio Okapi]] {{ndámbo}} '''Radio Okapi''' ezalí radio na [[MONUC]]. ==Tála mpé== === Mankásá o libándá === * [http://www.radiookapi.net/ Radio Okapi] [[Category:Radio]] 7444 2005-12-23T17:27:17Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:Congo-langues.gif|thumb|Radio Okapi]] {{ndámbo}} '''Radio Okapi''' ezalí radio na [[MONUC]] o Ekólo [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. ==Tála mpé== === Mankásá o libándá === * [http://www.radiookapi.net/ Radio Okapi] [[Category:Radio]] 9072 2006-08-07T11:04:11Z 157.164.136.71 +fr [[Image:Congo-langues.gif|thumb|Radio Okapi]] {{ndámbo}} '''Radio Okapi''' ezalí radio na [[MONUC]] o Ekólo [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. ==Tála mpé== === Mankásá o libándá === * [http://www.radiookapi.net/ Radio Okapi] [[Category:Radio]] [[fr:Radio Okapi]] 9077 2006-08-07T22:35:58Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:Congo-langues.gif|thumb|Radio Okapi]] '''Radio Okapi''' ezalí radio na [[MONUC]] o Ekɔ́lɔ [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. ==Tála mpé== === Mankásá o libándá === * [http://www.radiookapi.net/ Radio Okapi] {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Radio]] [[fr:Radio Okapi]] Image talk:Congo-langues.gif 1084 4652 2005-03-13T15:38:41Z Moyogo 11 This picture is most probably under copyright of the MONUC. Can we used it? I made and alternative: <nowiki>[[Image:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.png]]</nowiki> ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] MediaWiki talk:Copyrightwarning 1085 2433 2005-03-16T01:04:37Z Moyogo 11 autres caractères spéciaux Great! On pourrait aussi avoir :: ɔ̌ comme dans kɔ̌do - crapaud :: ɛ̂ comme dans tɛ̌ - NEG :: ǎ comme dans ǎnzelú - ange :: les majuscules aussi Ɛ pour ɛ et Ɔ pour ɔ, avec tout les accents --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 01:04, 16 Mar 2005 (UTC) 2434 2005-03-16T01:09:58Z Moyogo 11 == Caractères spéciaux == Great! On pourrait aussi avoir :: ɔ̌ comme dans kɔ̌do - crapaud :: ɛ̂ comme dans tɛ̌ - NEG :: ǎ comme dans ǎnzelú - ange :: ǐ comme dans esǐ - distant :: les majuscules aussi Ɛ pour ɛ et Ɔ pour ɔ, avec tout les accents --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 01:09, 16 Mar 2005 (UTC) 4653 2005-03-16T01:11:44Z Moyogo 11 /* Caractères spéciaux */ == Caractères spéciaux == Great! On pourrait aussi avoir :: ɔ̌ comme dans kpɔ̌do - crapaud :: ɛ̂ comme dans tɛ̌ - NEG :: ǎ comme dans ǎnzelú - ange :: ǐ comme dans esǐ - distant :: les majuscules aussi Ɛ pour ɛ et Ɔ pour ɔ, avec tout les accents --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 01:09, 16 Mar 2005 (UTC) MediaWiki talk:Allpagesprev 1086 4654 2005-03-17T23:27:08Z Moyogo 11 En français « précédant » est le participe passé du verbe précéder. Le contraire de « suivant » est « précédent » avec un 'e'. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 23:27, 17 Mar 2005 (UTC) MediaWiki talk:All 1087 4655 2005-03-17T23:35:16Z Moyogo 11 N'est-ce pas nyɔ́nsɔ (ou nyɔnsɔ sans accent)? réf: * nyonso - http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/lin.htm * nionso - http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pascal.grouselle/linfran.htm --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 23:35, 17 Mar 2005 (UTC) Demokrasi 1088 2442 2005-03-18T20:34:03Z 80.218.21.70 '''Demokrasi''' liuti na maloba mabale ma lokota la bagreki : ''demos'' elingi koloba bana ba ekolo; mpe ''kratos'' elingi koloba bokonzi. Demokrasi elingi bongo koloba bokonzi o maboko o bana mboka mpe mpo ya bolamu ya bango. Baye bazali na bokonzi bazui bwango na maboko ma bato ba ekolo, mpe bokonzi bwango bozali mobimba o maboko ma moto moko to mwa liboke lya bato te. Demokrasi ezali bobele lolenge ya koyangela te, kasi mpe mabongi manso maye makosale 'te tokoka koyangela na lolenge ya demokrasi. Tokotanga mabongi manene manei, maye tokotala lokola makonzi ma demokrasi : bomipesi ya bato banso, botali bato banso lolenge yoko, bonsomi mpe boluki bolamu bwa bato banso. 2443 2005-03-18T20:45:36Z 80.218.21.70 '''Demokrasi''' liuti na maloba mabale ma lokota la bagreki : ''demos'' elingi koloba bana ba ekolo; mpe ''kratos'' elingi koloba bokonzi. Demokrasi elingi bongo koloba bokonzi o maboko o bana mboka mpe mpo ya bolamu ya bango. Baye bazali na bokonzi bazui bwango na maboko ma bato ba ekolo, mpe bokonzi bwango bozali mobimba o maboko ma moto moko to mwa liboke lya bato te. Demokrasi ezali bobele lolenge ya koyangela te, kasi mpe mabongi manso maye makosale 'te tokoka koyangela na lolenge ya demokrasi. Tokotanga mabongi manene manei, maye tokotala lokola makonzi ma demokrasi : bomipesi ya bato banso, botali bato banso lolenge yoko, bonsomi mpe boluki bolamu bwa bato banso. ===Mokango=== * [[Politiki]] 2447 2005-03-18T20:48:33Z 80.218.21.70 [[category:lisangá]] '''Demokrasi''' liuti na maloba mabale ma lokota la [[bagreki]] : ''demos'' elingi koloba bana ba ekolo; mpe ''kratos'' elingi koloba bokonzi. Demokrasi elingi bongo koloba bokonzi o maboko o bana mboka mpe mpo ya bolamu ya bango. Baye bazali na bokonzi bazui bwango na maboko ma bato ba ekolo, mpe bokonzi bwango bozali mobimba o maboko ma moto moko to mwa liboke lya bato te. Demokrasi ezali bobele lolenge ya koyangela te, kasi mpe mabongi manso maye makosale 'te tokoka koyangela na lolenge ya demokrasi. Tokotanga mabongi manene manei, maye tokotala lokola makonzi ma demokrasi : bomipesi ya bato banso, botali bato banso lolenge yoko, bonsomi mpe boluki bolamu bwa bato banso. ===Mokango=== * [[Politiki]] 2636 2005-03-18T21:12:05Z 80.218.21.70 [[category:lisangá]] '''Demokrasi''' liuti na maloba mabale ma [[lokótá la bagrec]]i : ''demos'' elingi koloba bana ba ekolo; mpe ''kratos'' elingi koloba bokonzi. Demokrasi elingi bongo koloba bokonzi o maboko o [[bana mboka]] mpe mpo ya bolamu ya bango. Baye bazali na bokonzi bazui bwango na maboko ma bato ba ekolo, mpe bokonzi bwango bozali mobimba o maboko ma moto moko to mwa [[liboka|liboke]] lya bato te. Demokrasi ezali bobele lolenge ya koyangela te, kasi mpe mabongi manso maye makosale 'te tokoka koyangela na lolenge ya demokrasi. Tokotanga mabongi manene manei, maye tokotala lokola makonzi ma demokrasi: bomipesi ya bato banso, botali bato banso lolenge yoko, [[bonsomi]] mpe boluki bolamu bwa bato banso. ===Mokango=== * [[Politiki]] * [[Lisakoli_ya_molongo_ya_makoki_ya_moto]] 4656 2005-05-11T04:21:08Z Moyogo 11 + {{ndambo}} [[category:lisangá]] {{ndambo}} '''Demokrasi''' liuti na maloba mabale ma [[lokótá la bagrec]]i : ''demos'' elingi koloba bana ba ekolo; mpe ''kratos'' elingi koloba bokonzi. Demokrasi elingi bongo koloba bokonzi o maboko o [[bana mboka]] mpe mpo ya bolamu ya bango. Baye bazali na bokonzi bazui bwango na maboko ma bato ba ekolo, mpe bokonzi bwango bozali mobimba o maboko ma moto moko to mwa [[liboka|liboke]] lya bato te. Demokrasi ezali bobele lolenge ya koyangela te, kasi mpe mabongi manso maye makosale 'te tokoka koyangela na lolenge ya demokrasi. Tokotanga mabongi manene manei, maye tokotala lokola makonzi ma demokrasi: bomipesi ya bato banso, botali bato banso lolenge yoko, [[bonsomi]] mpe boluki bolamu bwa bato banso. ===Mokango=== * [[Politiki]] * [[Lisakoli_ya_molongo_ya_makoki_ya_moto]] 5671 2005-07-25T01:31:06Z Themalau 22 [[category:lisangá]] {{ndambo}} '''Demokrasi''' liuti na maloba mabale ma [[kigresi]]i : ''demos'' elingi koloba bana ba ekolo; mpe ''kratos'' elingi koloba bokonzi. Demokrasi elingi bongo koloba bokonzi o maboko o [[bana mboka]] mpe mpo ya bolamu ya bango. Baye bazali na bokonzi bazui bwango na maboko ma bato ba ekolo, mpe bokonzi bwango bozali mobimba o maboko ma moto moko to mwa [[liboka|liboke]] lya bato te. Demokrasi ezali bobele lolenge ya koyangela te, kasi mpe mabongi manso maye makosale 'te tokoka koyangela na lolenge ya demokrasi. Tokotanga mabongi manene manei, maye tokotala lokola makonzi ma demokrasi: bomipesi ya bato banso, botali bato banso lolenge yoko, [[bonsomi]] mpe boluki bolamu bwa bato banso. ===Mokango=== * [[Politiki]] * [[Lisakoli_ya_molongo_ya_makoki_ya_moto]] 5672 2005-07-25T01:31:19Z Themalau 22 [[category:lisangá]] {{ndambo}} '''Demokrasi''' liuti na maloba mabale ma [[kigresi]] : ''demos'' elingi koloba bana ba ekolo; mpe ''kratos'' elingi koloba bokonzi. Demokrasi elingi bongo koloba bokonzi o maboko o [[bana mboka]] mpe mpo ya bolamu ya bango. Baye bazali na bokonzi bazui bwango na maboko ma bato ba ekolo, mpe bokonzi bwango bozali mobimba o maboko ma moto moko to mwa [[liboka|liboke]] lya bato te. Demokrasi ezali bobele lolenge ya koyangela te, kasi mpe mabongi manso maye makosale 'te tokoka koyangela na lolenge ya demokrasi. Tokotanga mabongi manene manei, maye tokotala lokola makonzi ma demokrasi: bomipesi ya bato banso, botali bato banso lolenge yoko, [[bonsomi]] mpe boluki bolamu bwa bato banso. ===Mokango=== * [[Politiki]] * [[Lisakoli_ya_molongo_ya_makoki_ya_moto]] 7195 2005-12-05T15:50:58Z Moyogo 11 [[category:lisangá]] {{ndambo}} '''Demokrasi''' liuti na maloba mabale ma [[ligresi]] : ''demos'' elingi koloba bana ba ekolo; mpe ''kratos'' elingi koloba bokonzi. Demokrasi elingi bongo koloba bokonzi o maboko o [[bana mboka]] mpe mpo ya bolamu ya bango. Baye bazali na bokonzi bazui bwango na maboko ma bato ba ekolo, mpe bokonzi bwango bozali mobimba o maboko ma moto moko to mwa [[liboka|liboke]] lya bato te. Demokrasi ezali bobele lolenge ya koyangela te, kasi mpe mabongi manso maye makosale 'te tokoka koyangela na lolenge ya demokrasi. Tokotanga mabongi manene manei, maye tokotala lokola makonzi ma demokrasi: bomipesi ya bato banso, botali bato banso lolenge yoko, [[bonsomi]] mpe boluki bolamu bwa bato banso. ===Mokango=== * [[Politiki]] * [[Lisakoli_ya_molongo_ya_makoki_ya_moto]] 7197 2005-12-05T15:54:51Z Moyogo 11 +interwiki fr [[category:lisangá]] {{ndambo}} '''Demokrasi''' liuti na maloba mabale ma [[ligresi]] : ''demos'' elingi koloba bana ba ekolo; mpe ''kratos'' elingi koloba bokonzi. Demokrasi elingi bongo koloba bokonzi o maboko o [[bana mboka]] mpe mpo ya bolamu ya bango. Baye bazali na bokonzi bazui bwango na maboko ma bato ba ekolo, mpe bokonzi bwango bozali mobimba o maboko ma moto moko to mwa [[liboka|liboke]] lya bato te. Demokrasi ezali bobele lolenge ya koyangela te, kasi mpe mabongi manso maye makosale 'te tokoka koyangela na lolenge ya demokrasi. Tokotanga mabongi manene manei, maye tokotala lokola makonzi ma demokrasi: bomipesi ya bato banso, botali bato banso lolenge yoko, [[bonsomi]] mpe boluki bolamu bwa bato banso. ===Mokango=== * [[Politiki]] * [[Lisakoli_ya_molongo_ya_makoki_ya_moto]] [[fr:Démocratie]] 7201 2005-12-05T16:15:06Z Moyogo 11 ortho +- [[category:lisangá]] {{ndámbo}} '''Demokrasi''' liutí na maloba mabale ma [[ligresi]] : ''δήμος'' ''demos'' elingí koloba bína ba ekólo; mpé ''κράτος'' ''kratos'' elingí koloba bokonzi. Demokrasi elingí bongo koloba bokonzi o maboko o [[bǎna mbóka]] mpé mpó ya bolámu ya bangó. Baye bazali na bokonzi bazwi bwangó na maboko ma bato ba ekólo, mpé bokonzi bwangó bozali mobimba o maboko ma moto mɔ̌kɔ́ tǒ mwa [[libóké]] lya bato tɛ́. Demokrasi ezalí bobɛ́lɛ́ loléngé ya koyángela tɛ́, kasi mpé mabɔngí mansɔ maye makosale 'te tokoka koyángela na loléngé ya demokrasi. Tokotanga mabɔngí manɛ́nɛ manei, maye tokotala lokóla makonzi ma demokrasi: bomípɛ́sí ya bato bánsɔ, botali bato bánsɔ loléngé mɔ̌kɔ́, [[bonsɔ́mí]] mpé bolukí bolámu bwa bato bánsɔ. ===Mokango=== * [[Politiki]] * [[Lisakoli_ya_molongo_ya_makoki_ya_moto]] [[fr:Démocratie]] 7948 2006-04-02T20:03:56Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: af, ar, bg, bn, bs, ca, cs, da, de, en, eo, es, et, fa, fi, gl, he, hr, ht, hu, id, it, ja, ka, ki, ko, ku, lt, mk, mr, nl, nn, no, pl, pt, ru, scn, sh, simple, sk, sl, sv, th, tr, uk, vi, yi, zh [[category:lisangá]] {{ndámbo}} '''Demokrasi''' liutí na maloba mabale ma [[ligresi]] : ''δήμος'' ''demos'' elingí koloba bína ba ekólo; mpé ''κράτος'' ''kratos'' elingí koloba bokonzi. Demokrasi elingí bongo koloba bokonzi o maboko o [[bǎna mbóka]] mpé mpó ya bolámu ya bangó. Baye bazali na bokonzi bazwi bwangó na maboko ma bato ba ekólo, mpé bokonzi bwangó bozali mobimba o maboko ma moto mɔ̌kɔ́ tǒ mwa [[libóké]] lya bato tɛ́. Demokrasi ezalí bobɛ́lɛ́ loléngé ya koyángela tɛ́, kasi mpé mabɔngí mansɔ maye makosale 'te tokoka koyángela na loléngé ya demokrasi. Tokotanga mabɔngí manɛ́nɛ manei, maye tokotala lokóla makonzi ma demokrasi: bomípɛ́sí ya bato bánsɔ, botali bato bánsɔ loléngé mɔ̌kɔ́, [[bonsɔ́mí]] mpé bolukí bolámu bwa bato bánsɔ. ===Mokango=== * [[Politiki]] * [[Lisakoli_ya_molongo_ya_makoki_ya_moto]] [[af:Demokrasie]] [[ar:ديمقراطية]] [[bg:Демокрация]] [[bn:গণতন্ত্র]] [[bs:Demokracija]] [[ca:Democràcia]] [[cs:Demokracie]] [[da:Demokrati]] [[de:Demokratie]] [[en:Democracy]] [[eo:Demokratio]] [[es:Democracia]] [[et:Demokraatia]] [[fa:دموکراسی]] [[fi:Demokratia]] [[fr:Démocratie]] [[gl:Democracia]] [[he:דמוקרטיה]] [[hr:Demokracija]] [[ht:Demokrasi]] [[hu:Demokrácia]] [[id:Demokrasi]] [[it:Democrazia]] [[ja:民主主義]] [[ka:დემოკრატია]] [[ki:Ndemookirathĩ]] [[ko:민주주의]] [[ku:Demokrasî]] [[lt:Demokratija]] [[mk:Демократија]] [[mr:लोकशाही]] [[nl:Democratie]] [[nn:Folkestyre]] [[no:Demokrati]] [[pl:Demokracja]] [[pt:Democracia]] [[ru:Демократия]] [[scn:Dimucrazzìa]] [[sh:Demokracija]] [[simple:Democracy]] [[sk:Demokracia]] [[sl:Demokracija]] [[sv:Demokrati]] [[th:ประชาธิปไตย]] [[tr:Demokrasi]] [[uk:Демократія]] [[vi:Dân chủ]] [[yi:דעמאקראטיע]] [[zh:民主]] 8067 2006-04-25T13:29:17Z 160.85.2.50 [[category:lisangá]] [[category:politiki]] {{ndámbo}} '''Demokrasi''' liutí na maloba mabale ma [[ligresi]] : ''δήμος'' ''demos'' elingí koloba bína ba ekólo; mpé ''κράτος'' ''kratos'' elingí koloba bokonzi. Demokrasi elingí bongo koloba bokonzi o maboko o [[bǎna mbóka]] mpé mpó ya bolámu ya bangó. Baye bazali na bokonzi bazwi bwangó na maboko ma bato ba ekólo, mpé bokonzi bwangó bozali mobimba o maboko ma moto mɔ̌kɔ́ tǒ mwa [[libóké]] lya bato tɛ́. Demokrasi ezalí bobɛ́lɛ́ loléngé ya koyángela tɛ́, kasi mpé mabɔngí mansɔ maye makosale 'te tokoka koyángela na loléngé ya demokrasi. Tokotanga mabɔngí manɛ́nɛ manei, maye tokotala lokóla makonzi ma demokrasi: bomípɛ́sí ya bato bánsɔ, botali bato bánsɔ loléngé mɔ̌kɔ́, [[bonsɔ́mí]] mpé bolukí bolámu bwa bato bánsɔ. ===Mokango=== * [[Politiki]] * [[Lisakoli_ya_molongo_ya_makoki_ya_moto]] [[af:Demokrasie]] [[ar:ديمقراطية]] [[bg:Демокрация]] [[bn:গণতন্ত্র]] [[bs:Demokracija]] [[ca:Democràcia]] [[cs:Demokracie]] [[da:Demokrati]] [[de:Demokratie]] [[en:Democracy]] [[eo:Demokratio]] [[es:Democracia]] [[et:Demokraatia]] [[fa:دموکراسی]] [[fi:Demokratia]] [[fr:Démocratie]] [[gl:Democracia]] [[he:דמוקרטיה]] [[hr:Demokracija]] [[ht:Demokrasi]] [[hu:Demokrácia]] [[id:Demokrasi]] [[it:Democrazia]] [[ja:民主主義]] [[ka:დემოკრატია]] [[ki:Ndemookirathĩ]] [[ko:민주주의]] [[ku:Demokrasî]] [[lt:Demokratija]] [[mk:Демократија]] [[mr:लोकशाही]] [[nl:Democratie]] [[nn:Folkestyre]] [[no:Demokrati]] [[pl:Demokracja]] [[pt:Democracia]] [[ru:Демократия]] [[scn:Dimucrazzìa]] [[sh:Demokracija]] [[simple:Democracy]] [[sk:Demokracia]] [[sl:Demokracija]] [[sv:Demokrati]] [[th:ประชาธิปไตย]] [[tr:Demokrasi]] [[uk:Демократія]] [[vi:Dân chủ]] [[yi:דעמאקראטיע]] [[zh:民主]] 8367 2006-06-11T15:06:49Z Bombo 12 Tála mpé [[category:lisangá]] [[category:politiki]] {{ndámbo}} '''Demokrasi''' liutí na maloba mabale ma [[ligresi]] : ''δήμος'' ''demos'' elingí koloba bína ba ekólo; mpé ''κράτος'' ''kratos'' elingí koloba bokonzi. Demokrasi elingí bongo koloba bokonzi o maboko o [[bǎna mbóka]] mpé mpó ya bolámu ya bangó. Baye bazali na bokonzi bazwi bwangó na maboko ma bato ba ekólo, mpé bokonzi bwangó bozali mobimba o maboko ma moto mɔ̌kɔ́ tǒ mwa [[libóké]] lya bato tɛ́. Demokrasi ezalí bobɛ́lɛ́ loléngé ya koyángela tɛ́, kasi mpé mabɔngí mansɔ maye makosale 'te tokoka koyángela na loléngé ya demokrasi. Tokotanga mabɔngí manɛ́nɛ manei, maye tokotala lokóla makonzi ma demokrasi: bomípɛ́sí ya bato bánsɔ, botali bato bánsɔ loléngé mɔ̌kɔ́, [[bonsɔ́mí]] mpé bolukí bolámu bwa bato bánsɔ. ==Tála mpé== * Mpundu, P.: ''Demokrasi''. Kinshassa: Éditions d'Esperance. ===Mokango=== * [[Politiki]] * [[Lisakoli_ya_molongo_ya_makoki_ya_moto]] [[af:Demokrasie]] [[ar:ديمقراطية]] [[bg:Демокрация]] [[bn:গণতন্ত্র]] [[bs:Demokracija]] [[ca:Democràcia]] [[cs:Demokracie]] [[da:Demokrati]] [[de:Demokratie]] [[en:Democracy]] [[eo:Demokratio]] [[es:Democracia]] [[et:Demokraatia]] [[fa:دموکراسی]] [[fi:Demokratia]] [[fr:Démocratie]] [[gl:Democracia]] [[he:דמוקרטיה]] [[hr:Demokracija]] [[ht:Demokrasi]] [[hu:Demokrácia]] [[id:Demokrasi]] [[it:Democrazia]] [[ja:民主主義]] [[ka:დემოკრატია]] [[ki:Ndemookirathĩ]] [[ko:민주주의]] [[ku:Demokrasî]] [[lt:Demokratija]] [[mk:Демократија]] [[mr:लोकशाही]] [[nl:Democratie]] [[nn:Folkestyre]] [[no:Demokrati]] [[pl:Demokracja]] [[pt:Democracia]] [[ru:Демократия]] [[scn:Dimucrazzìa]] [[sh:Demokracija]] [[simple:Democracy]] [[sk:Demokracia]] [[sl:Demokracija]] [[sv:Demokrati]] [[th:ประชาธิปไตย]] [[tr:Demokrasi]] [[uk:Демократія]] [[vi:Dân chủ]] [[yi:דעמאקראטיע]] [[zh:民主]] 8914 2006-07-17T14:39:35Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: cy, el, eu, ga, is, tl [[category:lisangá]] [[category:politiki]] {{ndámbo}} '''Demokrasi''' liutí na maloba mabale ma [[ligresi]] : ''δήμος'' ''demos'' elingí koloba bína ba ekólo; mpé ''κράτος'' ''kratos'' elingí koloba bokonzi. Demokrasi elingí bongo koloba bokonzi o maboko o [[bǎna mbóka]] mpé mpó ya bolámu ya bangó. Baye bazali na bokonzi bazwi bwangó na maboko ma bato ba ekólo, mpé bokonzi bwangó bozali mobimba o maboko ma moto mɔ̌kɔ́ tǒ mwa [[libóké]] lya bato tɛ́. Demokrasi ezalí bobɛ́lɛ́ loléngé ya koyángela tɛ́, kasi mpé mabɔngí mansɔ maye makosale 'te tokoka koyángela na loléngé ya demokrasi. Tokotanga mabɔngí manɛ́nɛ manei, maye tokotala lokóla makonzi ma demokrasi: bomípɛ́sí ya bato bánsɔ, botali bato bánsɔ loléngé mɔ̌kɔ́, [[bonsɔ́mí]] mpé bolukí bolámu bwa bato bánsɔ. ==Tála mpé== * Mpundu, P.: ''Demokrasi''. Kinshassa: Éditions d'Esperance. ===Mokango=== * [[Politiki]] * [[Lisakoli_ya_molongo_ya_makoki_ya_moto]] [[af:Demokrasie]] [[ar:ديمقراطية]] [[bg:Демокрация]] [[bn:গণতন্ত্র]] [[bs:Demokracija]] [[ca:Democràcia]] [[cs:Demokracie]] [[cy:Democratiaeth]] [[da:Demokrati]] [[de:Demokratie]] [[el:Δημοκρατία]] [[en:Democracy]] [[eo:Demokratio]] [[es:Democracia]] [[et:Demokraatia]] [[eu:Demokrazia]] [[fa:دموکراسی]] [[fi:Demokratia]] [[fr:Démocratie]] [[ga:Daonlathas]] [[gl:Democracia]] [[he:דמוקרטיה]] [[hr:Demokracija]] [[ht:Demokrasi]] [[hu:Demokrácia]] [[id:Demokrasi]] [[is:Lýðræði]] [[it:Democrazia]] [[ja:民主主義]] [[ka:დემოკრატია]] [[ki:Ndemookirathĩ]] [[ko:민주주의]] [[ku:Demokrasî]] [[lt:Demokratija]] [[mk:Демократија]] [[mr:लोकशाही]] [[nl:Democratie]] [[nn:Folkestyre]] [[no:Demokrati]] [[pl:Demokracja]] [[pt:Democracia]] [[ru:Демократия]] [[scn:Dimucrazzìa]] [[sh:Demokracija]] [[simple:Democracy]] [[sk:Demokracia]] [[sl:Demokracija]] [[sv:Demokrati]] [[th:ประชาธิปไตย]] [[tl:Demokrasya]] [[tr:Demokrasi]] [[uk:Демократія]] [[vi:Dân chủ]] [[yi:דעמאקראטיע]] [[zh:民主]] 9024 2006-08-02T05:54:58Z YurikBot 76 robot Modifie: [[fa:مردمسالاری]] [[category:lisangá]] [[category:politiki]] {{ndámbo}} '''Demokrasi''' liutí na maloba mabale ma [[ligresi]] : ''δήμος'' ''demos'' elingí koloba bína ba ekólo; mpé ''κράτος'' ''kratos'' elingí koloba bokonzi. Demokrasi elingí bongo koloba bokonzi o maboko o [[bǎna mbóka]] mpé mpó ya bolámu ya bangó. Baye bazali na bokonzi bazwi bwangó na maboko ma bato ba ekólo, mpé bokonzi bwangó bozali mobimba o maboko ma moto mɔ̌kɔ́ tǒ mwa [[libóké]] lya bato tɛ́. Demokrasi ezalí bobɛ́lɛ́ loléngé ya koyángela tɛ́, kasi mpé mabɔngí mansɔ maye makosale 'te tokoka koyángela na loléngé ya demokrasi. Tokotanga mabɔngí manɛ́nɛ manei, maye tokotala lokóla makonzi ma demokrasi: bomípɛ́sí ya bato bánsɔ, botali bato bánsɔ loléngé mɔ̌kɔ́, [[bonsɔ́mí]] mpé bolukí bolámu bwa bato bánsɔ. ==Tála mpé== * Mpundu, P.: ''Demokrasi''. Kinshassa: Éditions d'Esperance. ===Mokango=== * [[Politiki]] * [[Lisakoli_ya_molongo_ya_makoki_ya_moto]] [[af:Demokrasie]] [[ar:ديمقراطية]] [[bg:Демокрация]] [[bn:গণতন্ত্র]] [[bs:Demokracija]] [[ca:Democràcia]] [[cs:Demokracie]] [[cy:Democratiaeth]] [[da:Demokrati]] [[de:Demokratie]] [[el:Δημοκρατία]] [[en:Democracy]] [[eo:Demokratio]] [[es:Democracia]] [[et:Demokraatia]] [[eu:Demokrazia]] [[fa:مردمسالاری]] [[fi:Demokratia]] [[fr:Démocratie]] [[ga:Daonlathas]] [[gl:Democracia]] [[he:דמוקרטיה]] [[hr:Demokracija]] [[ht:Demokrasi]] [[hu:Demokrácia]] [[id:Demokrasi]] [[is:Lýðræði]] [[it:Democrazia]] [[ja:民主主義]] [[ka:დემოკრატია]] [[ki:Ndemookirathĩ]] [[ko:민주주의]] [[ku:Demokrasî]] [[lt:Demokratija]] [[mk:Демократија]] [[mr:लोकशाही]] [[nl:Democratie]] [[nn:Folkestyre]] [[no:Demokrati]] [[pl:Demokracja]] [[pt:Democracia]] [[ru:Демократия]] [[scn:Dimucrazzìa]] [[sh:Demokracija]] [[simple:Democracy]] [[sk:Demokracia]] [[sl:Demokracija]] [[sv:Demokrati]] [[th:ประชาธิปไตย]] [[tl:Demokrasya]] [[tr:Demokrasi]] [[uk:Демократія]] [[vi:Dân chủ]] [[yi:דעמאקראטיע]] [[zh:民主]] 9359 2006-09-17T06:29:11Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: lv, ur [[category:lisangá]] [[category:politiki]] {{ndámbo}} '''Demokrasi''' liutí na maloba mabale ma [[ligresi]] : ''δήμος'' ''demos'' elingí koloba bína ba ekólo; mpé ''κράτος'' ''kratos'' elingí koloba bokonzi. Demokrasi elingí bongo koloba bokonzi o maboko o [[bǎna mbóka]] mpé mpó ya bolámu ya bangó. Baye bazali na bokonzi bazwi bwangó na maboko ma bato ba ekólo, mpé bokonzi bwangó bozali mobimba o maboko ma moto mɔ̌kɔ́ tǒ mwa [[libóké]] lya bato tɛ́. Demokrasi ezalí bobɛ́lɛ́ loléngé ya koyángela tɛ́, kasi mpé mabɔngí mansɔ maye makosale 'te tokoka koyángela na loléngé ya demokrasi. Tokotanga mabɔngí manɛ́nɛ manei, maye tokotala lokóla makonzi ma demokrasi: bomípɛ́sí ya bato bánsɔ, botali bato bánsɔ loléngé mɔ̌kɔ́, [[bonsɔ́mí]] mpé bolukí bolámu bwa bato bánsɔ. ==Tála mpé== * Mpundu, P.: ''Demokrasi''. Kinshassa: Éditions d'Esperance. ===Mokango=== * [[Politiki]] * [[Lisakoli_ya_molongo_ya_makoki_ya_moto]] [[af:Demokrasie]] [[ar:ديمقراطية]] [[bg:Демокрация]] [[bn:গণতন্ত্র]] [[bs:Demokracija]] [[ca:Democràcia]] [[cs:Demokracie]] [[cy:Democratiaeth]] [[da:Demokrati]] [[de:Demokratie]] [[el:Δημοκρατία]] [[en:Democracy]] [[eo:Demokratio]] [[es:Democracia]] [[et:Demokraatia]] [[eu:Demokrazia]] [[fa:مردمسالاری]] [[fi:Demokratia]] [[fr:Démocratie]] [[ga:Daonlathas]] [[gl:Democracia]] [[he:דמוקרטיה]] [[hr:Demokracija]] [[ht:Demokrasi]] [[hu:Demokrácia]] [[id:Demokrasi]] [[is:Lýðræði]] [[it:Democrazia]] [[ja:民主主義]] [[ka:დემოკრატია]] [[ki:Ndemookirathĩ]] [[ko:민주주의]] [[ku:Demokrasî]] [[lt:Demokratija]] [[lv:Demokrātija]] [[mk:Демократија]] [[mr:लोकशाही]] [[nl:Democratie]] [[nn:Folkestyre]] [[no:Demokrati]] [[pl:Demokracja]] [[pt:Democracia]] [[ru:Демократия]] [[scn:Dimucrazzìa]] [[sh:Demokracija]] [[simple:Democracy]] [[sk:Demokracia]] [[sl:Demokracija]] [[sv:Demokrati]] [[th:ประชาธิปไตย]] [[tl:Demokrasya]] [[tr:Demokrasi]] [[uk:Демократія]] [[ur:جمہوریت]] [[vi:Dân chủ]] [[yi:דעמאקראטיע]] [[zh:民主]] 9453 2006-10-11T06:18:47Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: [[gd:Deamocrasaidh]] [[category:lisangá]] [[category:politiki]] {{ndámbo}} '''Demokrasi''' liutí na maloba mabale ma [[ligresi]] : ''δήμος'' ''demos'' elingí koloba bína ba ekólo; mpé ''κράτος'' ''kratos'' elingí koloba bokonzi. Demokrasi elingí bongo koloba bokonzi o maboko o [[bǎna mbóka]] mpé mpó ya bolámu ya bangó. Baye bazali na bokonzi bazwi bwangó na maboko ma bato ba ekólo, mpé bokonzi bwangó bozali mobimba o maboko ma moto mɔ̌kɔ́ tǒ mwa [[libóké]] lya bato tɛ́. Demokrasi ezalí bobɛ́lɛ́ loléngé ya koyángela tɛ́, kasi mpé mabɔngí mansɔ maye makosale 'te tokoka koyángela na loléngé ya demokrasi. Tokotanga mabɔngí manɛ́nɛ manei, maye tokotala lokóla makonzi ma demokrasi: bomípɛ́sí ya bato bánsɔ, botali bato bánsɔ loléngé mɔ̌kɔ́, [[bonsɔ́mí]] mpé bolukí bolámu bwa bato bánsɔ. ==Tála mpé== * Mpundu, P.: ''Demokrasi''. Kinshassa: Éditions d'Esperance. ===Mokango=== * [[Politiki]] * [[Lisakoli_ya_molongo_ya_makoki_ya_moto]] [[af:Demokrasie]] [[ar:ديمقراطية]] [[bg:Демокрация]] [[bn:গণতন্ত্র]] [[bs:Demokracija]] [[ca:Democràcia]] [[cs:Demokracie]] [[cy:Democratiaeth]] [[da:Demokrati]] [[de:Demokratie]] [[el:Δημοκρατία]] [[en:Democracy]] [[eo:Demokratio]] [[es:Democracia]] [[et:Demokraatia]] [[eu:Demokrazia]] [[fa:مردمسالاری]] [[fi:Demokratia]] [[fr:Démocratie]] [[ga:Daonlathas]] [[gd:Deamocrasaidh]] [[gl:Democracia]] [[he:דמוקרטיה]] [[hr:Demokracija]] [[ht:Demokrasi]] [[hu:Demokrácia]] [[id:Demokrasi]] [[is:Lýðræði]] [[it:Democrazia]] [[ja:民主主義]] [[ka:დემოკრატია]] [[ki:Ndemookirathĩ]] [[ko:민주주의]] [[ku:Demokrasî]] [[lt:Demokratija]] [[lv:Demokrātija]] [[mk:Демократија]] [[mr:लोकशाही]] [[nl:Democratie]] [[nn:Folkestyre]] [[no:Demokrati]] [[pl:Demokracja]] [[pt:Democracia]] [[ru:Демократия]] [[scn:Dimucrazzìa]] [[sh:Demokracija]] [[simple:Democracy]] [[sk:Demokracia]] [[sl:Demokracija]] [[sv:Demokrati]] [[th:ประชาธิปไตย]] [[tl:Demokrasya]] [[tr:Demokrasi]] [[uk:Демократія]] [[ur:جمہوریت]] [[vi:Dân chủ]] [[yi:דעמאקראטיע]] [[zh:民主]] 9954 2006-12-11T20:54:28Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: ast, hi, qu, sr Modifie: fa [[category:lisangá]] [[category:politiki]] {{ndámbo}} '''Demokrasi''' liutí na maloba mabale ma [[ligresi]] : ''δήμος'' ''demos'' elingí koloba bína ba ekólo; mpé ''κράτος'' ''kratos'' elingí koloba bokonzi. Demokrasi elingí bongo koloba bokonzi o maboko o [[bǎna mbóka]] mpé mpó ya bolámu ya bangó. Baye bazali na bokonzi bazwi bwangó na maboko ma bato ba ekólo, mpé bokonzi bwangó bozali mobimba o maboko ma moto mɔ̌kɔ́ tǒ mwa [[libóké]] lya bato tɛ́. Demokrasi ezalí bobɛ́lɛ́ loléngé ya koyángela tɛ́, kasi mpé mabɔngí mansɔ maye makosale 'te tokoka koyángela na loléngé ya demokrasi. Tokotanga mabɔngí manɛ́nɛ manei, maye tokotala lokóla makonzi ma demokrasi: bomípɛ́sí ya bato bánsɔ, botali bato bánsɔ loléngé mɔ̌kɔ́, [[bonsɔ́mí]] mpé bolukí bolámu bwa bato bánsɔ. ==Tála mpé== * Mpundu, P.: ''Demokrasi''. Kinshassa: Éditions d'Esperance. ===Mokango=== * [[Politiki]] * [[Lisakoli_ya_molongo_ya_makoki_ya_moto]] [[af:Demokrasie]] [[ar:ديمقراطية]] [[ast:Democracia]] [[bg:Демокрация]] [[bn:গণতন্ত্র]] [[bs:Demokracija]] [[ca:Democràcia]] [[cs:Demokracie]] [[cy:Democratiaeth]] [[da:Demokrati]] [[de:Demokratie]] [[el:Δημοκρατία]] [[en:Democracy]] [[eo:Demokratio]] [[es:Democracia]] [[et:Demokraatia]] [[eu:Demokrazia]] [[fa:دموکراسی]] [[fi:Demokratia]] [[fr:Démocratie]] [[ga:Daonlathas]] [[gd:Deamocrasaidh]] [[gl:Democracia]] [[he:דמוקרטיה]] [[hi:लोकतंत्र]] [[hr:Demokracija]] [[ht:Demokrasi]] [[hu:Demokrácia]] [[id:Demokrasi]] [[is:Lýðræði]] [[it:Democrazia]] [[ja:民主主義]] [[ka:დემოკრატია]] [[ki:Ndemookirathĩ]] [[ko:민주주의]] [[ku:Demokrasî]] [[lt:Demokratija]] [[lv:Demokrātija]] [[mk:Демократија]] [[mr:लोकशाही]] [[nl:Democratie]] [[nn:Folkestyre]] [[no:Demokrati]] [[pl:Demokracja]] [[pt:Democracia]] [[qu:Akllanakuspa kamachinakuy]] [[ru:Демократия]] [[scn:Dimucrazzìa]] [[sh:Demokracija]] [[simple:Democracy]] [[sk:Demokracia]] [[sl:Demokracija]] [[sr:Демократија]] [[sv:Demokrati]] [[th:ประชาธิปไตย]] [[tl:Demokrasya]] [[tr:Demokrasi]] [[uk:Демократія]] [[ur:جمہوریت]] [[vi:Dân chủ]] [[yi:דעמאקראטיע]] [[zh:民主]] Wikipedia:Bontoma (Ambassade) 1089 2452 2005-03-18T21:36:40Z Bombo 12 [[Catégorie:Wikipédia|Ambassade]] <center> '''Bienvenue sur l'ambassade du Wikipédia lingálá !'''<br /> '''Welcome to the embassy of the lingálá Wikipedia!'''<br /> '''Wilkommen auf der Botschaft der Lingálá Wikipedia!'''<br /> '''Benvenuti in l'ambasciata di Wikipedia lingálá !'''<br /> '''¡Bienvenidos a la embajada de Wikipedia lingálá!'''<br /> '''Bonvenon en la lingálávan ambasadorejon !'''<br /> '''Welkom op de lingálá Wikipedia!'''<br /> '''ようこそフランス語のウィキペディアへ!'''<br /> '''Välkommen till den lingálá Wikipedians ambassad!'''<br /> '''Добро пожаловать во французскую Википедию!'''<br /> '''Добродошли на амбасаду Википедије на француском језику!'''<br /> '''Dobrodošli na ambasadu Wikipedije na lingálákom jeziku!'''<br /> </center> '''La page présentant la totalité des ambassadades et ambassadeurs est sur méta à [[m:Wikipedia Embassy]]''' ''Cette page est dédiée à l'accueil des non-lingáláphones désirant contribuer. Les francophones à la recherche d'informations internationales sont invités à consulter [[Wikipédia:Diplomatie internationale|cette page]]. {| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff;padding:5px;font-size:95%;" |'''Willkommen''' auf der Botschaft der alemannischen Wikipedia. Fragen und Vorschläge zu internationalen Themen können hier oder auf der Diskussionsseite zur Botschaft gepostet werden.<br /><center>'''[http://als.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikipedia_Diskussion:Botschaft&action=edit&section=new Mitteilung an die Botschaft]'''</center> |'''Welcome''' to the embassy of the Alemannic Wikipedia! If you have any announcements or questions regarding international issues or the Alemannic wikipedia you are invited to post them here or on the discussion page of this article.<br /><center>'''[http://als.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikipedia_Diskussion:Botschaft&action=edit&section=new Message to the embassy]'''</center> |'''Bienvenue''' sur l'ambassade du Wikipédia alémanique! Si vous avez n'importe quelle annonce ou demande concernant les questions internationales ou le wikipédia alémanique, vous êtes invité à les signaler ici ou sur la page de discussion de cet article.<br /><center>'''[http://als.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikipedia_Diskussion:Botschaft&action=edit&section=new Consulter des ambassadeurs]'''</center> |'''Bienvenido''' en la embajada de la Wikipedia en alemannic. Si Usted tiene algunas preguntas y/o sugerencias considerando temas internacionales o la Wikipedia en alemannic, Usted esta invitado de colocarlas aqui o en la página de discusión de este artículo.<br /><center>'''[http://als.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikipedia_Diskussion:Botschaft&action=edit&section=new Mensaje para la Embajada]'''</center> |} 2453 2005-03-18T21:39:40Z Bombo 12 [[Catégorie:Wikipédia]] <center> '''Bienvenue sur l'ambassade du Wikipédia Lingálá !'''<br /> '''Welcome to the embassy of the Lingálá Wikipedia!'''<br /> '''Wilkommen auf der Botschaft der Lingálá Wikipedia!'''<br /> '''Benvenuti in l'ambasciata di Wikipedia Lingálá !'''<br /> '''¡Bienvenidos a la embajada de Wikipedia Lingálá!'''<br /> '''Bonvenon en la lingálávan ambasadorejon !'''<br /> '''Welkom op de lingálá Wikipedia!'''<br /> '''ようこそフランス語のウィキペディアへ!'''<br /> '''Välkommen till den Lingálá Wikipedians ambassad!'''<br /> '''Добро пожаловать во французскую Википедию!'''<br /> '''Добродошли на амбасаду Википедије на француском језику!'''<br /> '''Dobrodošli na ambasadu Wikipedije na lingálákom jeziku!'''<br /> </center> '''La page présentant la totalité des ambassadades et ambassadeurs est sur méta à [[m:Wikipedia Embassy]]''' ''Cette page est dédiée à l'accueil des non-lingáláphones désirant contribuer. Les francophones à la recherche d'informations internationales sont invités à consulter [[Wikipédia:Diplomatie internationale|cette page]]. {| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff;padding:5px;font-size:95%;" |'''Willkommen''' auf der Botschaft der Lingálá Wikipedia. Fragen und Vorschläge zu internationalen Themen können hier oder auf der Diskussionsseite zur Botschaft gepostet werden.<br /><center>'''[http://als.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikipedia_Diskussion:Botschaft&action=edit&section=new Mitteilung an die Botschaft]'''</center> |'''Welcome''' to the embassy of the Lingálá Wikipedia! If you have any announcements or questions regarding international issues or the lingálá wikipedia you are invited to post them here or on the discussion page of this article.<br /><center>'''[http://als.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikipedia_Diskussion:Botschaft&action=edit&section=new Message to the embassy]'''</center> |'''Bienvenue''' sur l'ambassade du Wikipédia Lingálá! Si vous avez n'importe quelle annonce ou demande concernant les questions internationales ou le wikipédia lingálá, vous êtes invité à les signaler ici ou sur la page de discussion de cet article.<br /><center>'''[http://als.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikipedia_Diskussion:Botschaft&action=edit&section=new Consulter des ambassadeurs]'''</center> |'''Bienvenido''' en la embajada de la Wikipedia en Lingálá. Si Usted tiene algunas preguntas y/o sugerencias considerando temas internacionales o la Wikipedia en lingálá, Usted esta invitado de colocarlas aqui o en la página de discusión de este artículo.<br /><center>'''[http://als.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikipedia_Diskussion:Botschaft&action=edit&section=new Mensaje para la Embajada]'''</center> |} 2454 2005-03-18T21:41:33Z Bombo 12 [[Category:Wikipédia]] <center> '''Bienvenue sur l'ambassade du Wikipédia Lingálá !'''<br /> '''Welcome to the embassy of the Lingálá Wikipedia!'''<br /> '''Wilkommen auf der Botschaft der Lingálá Wikipedia!'''<br /> '''Benvenuti in l'ambasciata di Wikipedia Lingálá !'''<br /> '''¡Bienvenidos a la embajada de Wikipedia Lingálá!'''<br /> '''Bonvenon en la lingálávan ambasadorejon !'''<br /> '''Welkom op de lingálá Wikipedia!'''<br /> '''ようこそフランス語のウィキペディアへ!'''<br /> '''Välkommen till den Lingálá Wikipedians ambassad!'''<br /> '''Добро пожаловать во французскую Википедию!'''<br /> '''Добродошли на амбасаду Википедије на француском језику!'''<br /> '''Dobrodošli na ambasadu Wikipedije na lingálákom jeziku!'''<br /> </center> '''La page présentant la totalité des ambassadades et ambassadeurs est sur méta à [[m:Wikipedia Embassy]]''' ''Cette page est dédiée à l'accueil des non-lingáláphones désirant contribuer. Les francophones à la recherche d'informations internationales sont invités à consulter [[fr:Wikipédia:Diplomatie internationale|cette page]].'' {| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff;padding:5px;font-size:95%;" |'''Willkommen''' auf der Botschaft der Lingálá Wikipedia. Fragen und Vorschläge zu internationalen Themen können hier oder auf der Diskussionsseite zur Botschaft gepostet werden.<br /><center>'''[http://als.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikipedia_Diskussion:Botschaft&action=edit&section=new Mitteilung an die Botschaft]'''</center> |'''Welcome''' to the embassy of the Lingálá Wikipedia! If you have any announcements or questions regarding international issues or the lingálá wikipedia you are invited to post them here or on the discussion page of this article.<br /><center>'''[http://als.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikipedia_Diskussion:Botschaft&action=edit&section=new Message to the embassy]'''</center> |'''Bienvenue''' sur l'ambassade du Wikipédia Lingálá! Si vous avez n'importe quelle annonce ou demande concernant les questions internationales ou le wikipédia lingálá, vous êtes invité à les signaler ici ou sur la page de discussion de cet article.<br /><center>'''[http://als.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikipedia_Diskussion:Botschaft&action=edit&section=new Consulter des ambassadeurs]'''</center> |'''Bienvenido''' en la embajada de la Wikipedia en Lingálá. Si Usted tiene algunas preguntas y/o sugerencias considerando temas internacionales o la Wikipedia en lingálá, Usted esta invitado de colocarlas aqui o en la página de discusión de este artículo.<br /><center>'''[http://als.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikipedia_Diskussion:Botschaft&action=edit&section=new Mensaje para la Embajada]'''</center> |} 2455 2005-03-18T21:44:19Z Bombo 12 [[Category:Wikipedia]] <center> ==Mboté== '''Bienvenue sur l'ambassade du Wikipédia Lingálá !'''<br /> '''Welcome to the embassy of the Lingálá Wikipedia!'''<br /> '''Wilkommen auf der Botschaft der Lingálá Wikipedia!'''<br /> '''Benvenuti in l'ambasciata di Wikipedia Lingálá !'''<br /> '''¡Bienvenidos a la embajada de Wikipedia Lingálá!'''<br /> '''Bonvenon en la lingálávan ambasadorejon !'''<br /> '''Welkom op de lingálá Wikipedia!'''<br /> '''ようこそフランス語のウィキペディアへ!'''<br /> '''Välkommen till den Lingálá Wikipedians ambassad!'''<br /> '''Добро пожаловать во французскую Википедию!'''<br /> '''Добродошли на амбасаду Википедије на француском језику!'''<br /> '''Dobrodošli na ambasadu Wikipedije na lingálákom jeziku!'''<br /> </center> '''La page présentant la totalité des ambassadades et ambassadeurs est sur méta à [[m:Wikipedia Embassy]]''' ''Cette page est dédiée à l'accueil des non-lingáláphones désirant contribuer. Les francophones à la recherche d'informations internationales sont invités à consulter [fr:Wikipédia:Diplomatie internationale|cette page].'' {| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff;padding:5px;font-size:95%;" |'''Willkommen''' auf der Botschaft der Lingálá Wikipedia. Fragen und Vorschläge zu internationalen Themen können hier oder auf der Diskussionsseite zur Botschaft gepostet werden.<br /><center>'''[http://als.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikipedia_Diskussion:Botschaft&action=edit&section=new Mitteilung an die Botschaft]'''</center> |'''Welcome''' to the embassy of the Lingálá Wikipedia! If you have any announcements or questions regarding international issues or the lingálá wikipedia you are invited to post them here or on the discussion page of this article.<br /><center>'''[http://als.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikipedia_Diskussion:Botschaft&action=edit&section=new Message to the embassy]'''</center> |'''Bienvenue''' sur l'ambassade du Wikipédia Lingálá! Si vous avez n'importe quelle annonce ou demande concernant les questions internationales ou le wikipédia lingálá, vous êtes invité à les signaler ici ou sur la page de discussion de cet article.<br /><center>'''[http://als.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikipedia_Diskussion:Botschaft&action=edit&section=new Consulter des ambassadeurs]'''</center> |'''Bienvenido''' en la embajada de la Wikipedia en Lingálá. Si Usted tiene algunas preguntas y/o sugerencias considerando temas internacionales o la Wikipedia en lingálá, Usted esta invitado de colocarlas aqui o en la página de discusión de este artículo.<br /><center>'''[http://als.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikipedia_Diskussion:Botschaft&action=edit&section=new Mensaje para la Embajada]'''</center> |} 2456 2005-03-18T21:46:27Z Bombo 12 [[Category:Wikipedia]] <center> ==Mboté== '''Bienvenue sur l'ambassade du Wikipédia Lingálá !'''<br /> '''Welcome to the embassy of the Lingálá Wikipedia!'''<br /> '''Wilkommen auf der Botschaft der Lingálá Wikipedia!'''<br /> '''Benvenuti in l'ambasciata di Wikipedia Lingálá !'''<br /> '''¡Bienvenidos a la embajada de Wikipedia Lingálá!'''<br /> '''Bonvenon en la lingálávan ambasadorejon !'''<br /> '''Welkom op de lingálá Wikipedia!'''<br /> '''ようこそフランス語のウィキペディアへ!'''<br /> '''Välkommen till den Lingálá Wikipedians ambassad!'''<br /> '''Добро пожаловать во французскую Википедию!'''<br /> '''Добродошли на амбасаду Википедије на француском језику!'''<br /> '''Dobrodošli na ambasadu Wikipedije na lingálákom jeziku!'''<br /> </center> '''La page présentant la totalité des ambassadades et ambassadeurs est sur méta à [[m:Wikipedia Embassy]]''' ''Cette page est dédiée à l'accueil des non-lingáláphones désirant contribuer. Les francophones à la recherche d'informations internationales sont invités à consulter [fr.wikipedia.org/w/Wikipédia:Diplomatie internationale].'' {| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff;padding:5px;font-size:95%;" |'''Willkommen''' auf der Botschaft der Lingálá Wikipedia. Fragen und Vorschläge zu internationalen Themen können hier oder auf der Diskussionsseite zur Botschaft gepostet werden.<br /><center>'''[http://als.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikipedia_Diskussion:Botschaft&action=edit&section=new Mitteilung an die Botschaft]'''</center> |'''Welcome''' to the embassy of the Lingálá Wikipedia! If you have any announcements or questions regarding international issues or the lingálá wikipedia you are invited to post them here or on the discussion page of this article.<br /><center>'''[http://als.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikipedia_Diskussion:Botschaft&action=edit&section=new Message to the embassy]'''</center> |'''Bienvenue''' sur l'ambassade du Wikipédia Lingálá! Si vous avez n'importe quelle annonce ou demande concernant les questions internationales ou le wikipédia lingálá, vous êtes invité à les signaler ici ou sur la page de discussion de cet article.<br /><center>'''[http://als.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikipedia_Diskussion:Botschaft&action=edit&section=new Consulter des ambassadeurs]'''</center> |'''Bienvenido''' en la embajada de la Wikipedia en Lingálá. Si Usted tiene algunas preguntas y/o sugerencias considerando temas internacionales o la Wikipedia en lingálá, Usted esta invitado de colocarlas aqui o en la página de discusión de este artículo.<br /><center>'''[http://als.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikipedia_Diskussion:Botschaft&action=edit&section=new Mensaje para la Embajada]'''</center> |} 2460 2005-03-18T21:49:54Z Bombo 12 [[Category:Wikipedia]] <center> ==Mboté== '''Bienvenue sur l'ambassade du Wikipédia Lingálá !'''<br /> '''Welcome to the embassy of the Lingálá Wikipedia!'''<br /> '''Wilkommen auf der Botschaft der Lingálá Wikipedia!'''<br /> '''Benvenuti in l'ambasciata di Wikipedia Lingálá !'''<br /> '''¡Bienvenidos a la embajada de Wikipedia Lingálá!'''<br /> '''Bonvenon en la lingálávan ambasadorejon !'''<br /> '''Welkom op de lingálá Wikipedia!'''<br /> '''ようこそフランス語のウィキペディアへ!'''<br /> '''Välkommen till den Lingálá Wikipedians ambassad!'''<br /> '''Добро пожаловать во французскую Википедию!'''<br /> '''Добродошли на амбасаду Википедије на француском језику!'''<br /> '''Dobrodošli na ambasadu Wikipedije na lingálákom jeziku!'''<br /> </center> '''La page présentant la totalité des ambassadades et ambassadeurs est sur méta à [[m:Wikipedia Embassy]]''' ''Cette page est dédiée à l'accueil des non-lingáláphones désirant contribuer. Les francophones à la recherche d'informations internationales sont invités à consulter [[fr:Wikipédia:Diplomatie internationale]].'' {| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff;padding:5px;font-size:95%;" |'''Willkommen''' auf der Botschaft der Lingálá Wikipedia. Fragen und Vorschläge zu internationalen Themen können hier oder auf der Diskussionsseite zur Botschaft gepostet werden.<br /><center>'''[http://als.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikipedia_Diskussion:Botschaft&action=edit&section=new Mitteilung an die Botschaft]'''</center> |'''Welcome''' to the embassy of the Lingálá Wikipedia! If you have any announcements or questions regarding international issues or the lingálá wikipedia you are invited to post them here or on the discussion page of this article.<br /><center>'''[http://als.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikipedia_Diskussion:Botschaft&action=edit&section=new Message to the embassy]'''</center> |'''Bienvenue''' sur l'ambassade du Wikipédia Lingálá! Si vous avez n'importe quelle annonce ou demande concernant les questions internationales ou le wikipédia lingálá, vous êtes invité à les signaler ici ou sur la page de discussion de cet article.<br /><center>'''[http://als.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikipedia_Diskussion:Botschaft&action=edit&section=new Consulter des ambassadeurs]'''</center> |'''Bienvenido''' en la embajada de la Wikipedia en Lingálá. Si Usted tiene algunas preguntas y/o sugerencias considerando temas internacionales o la Wikipedia en lingálá, Usted esta invitado de colocarlas aqui o en la página de discusión de este artículo.<br /><center>'''[http://als.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikipedia_Diskussion:Botschaft&action=edit&section=new Mensaje para la Embajada]'''</center> |} 4657 2005-03-19T15:19:41Z Moyogo 11 ln [[Category:Wikipedia]] <center> ==Mbɔté== '''Bienvenue sur l'ambassade du Wikipédia Lingálá !'''<br /> '''Welcome to the embassy of the Lingálá Wikipedia!'''<br /> '''Wilkommen auf der Botschaft der Lingálá Wikipedia!'''<br /> '''Benvenuti in l'ambasciata di Wikipedia Lingálá !'''<br /> '''¡Bienvenidos a la embajada de Wikipedia Lingálá!'''<br /> '''Bonvenon en la lingálávan ambasadorejon !'''<br /> '''Welkom op de lingálá Wikipedia!'''<br /> '''ようこそフランス語のウィキペディアへ!'''<br /> '''Välkommen till den Lingálá Wikipedians ambassad!'''<br /> '''Добро пожаловать во французскую Википедию!'''<br /> '''Добродошли на амбасаду Википедије на француском језику!'''<br /> '''Dobrodošli na ambasadu Wikipedije na lingálákom jeziku!'''<br /> </center> '''La page présentant la totalité des ambassadades et ambassadeurs est sur méta à [[m:Wikipedia Embassy]]''' ''Cette page est dédiée à l'accueil des non-lingáláphones désirant contribuer. Les francophones à la recherche d'informations internationales sont invités à consulter [[fr:Wikipédia:Diplomatie internationale]].'' {| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff;padding:5px;font-size:95%;" |'''Willkommen''' auf der Botschaft der Lingálá Wikipedia. Fragen und Vorschläge zu internationalen Themen können hier oder auf der Diskussionsseite zur Botschaft gepostet werden.<br /><center>'''[http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikipedia_Ntembe:Botschaft&action=edit&section=new Mitteilung an die Botschaft]'''</center> |'''Welcome''' to the embassy of the Lingálá Wikipedia! If you have any announcements or questions regarding international issues or the lingálá wikipedia you are invited to post them here or on the discussion page of this article.<br /><center>'''[http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikipedia_Ntembe:Botschaft&action=edit&section=new Message to the embassy]'''</center> |'''Bienvenue''' sur l'ambassade du Wikipédia Lingálá! Si vous avez n'importe quelle annonce ou demande concernant les questions internationales ou le wikipédia lingálá, vous êtes invité à les signaler ici ou sur la page de discussion de cet article.<br /><center>'''[http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikipedia_Ntembe:Botschaft&action=edit&section=new Consulter des ambassadeurs]'''</center> |'''Bienvenido''' en la embajada de la Wikipedia en Lingálá. Si Usted tiene algunas preguntas y/o sugerencias considerando temas internacionales o la Wikipedia en lingálá, Usted esta invitado de colocarlas aqui o en la página de discusión de este artículo.<br /><center>'''[http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikipedia_Ntembe:Botschaft&action=edit&section=new Mensaje para la Embajada]'''</center> |} 7273 2005-12-07T08:39:50Z 160.85.2.50 lingálá -> lingála [[Category:Wikipedia]] <center> ==Mbɔté== '''Bienvenue sur l'ambassade du Wikipédia Lingála !'''<br /> '''Welcome to the embassy of the Lingála Wikipedia!'''<br /> '''Wilkommen auf der Botschaft der Lingála Wikipedia!'''<br /> '''Benvenuti in l'ambasciata di Wikipedia Lingála !'''<br /> '''¡Bienvenidos a la embajada de Wikipedia Lingála!'''<br /> '''Bonvenon en la lingálavan ambasadorejon !'''<br /> '''Welkom op de lingála Wikipedia!'''<br /> '''ようこそフランス語のウィキペディアへ!'''<br /> '''Välkommen till den Lingála Wikipedians ambassad!'''<br /> '''Добро пожаловать во французскую Википедию!'''<br /> '''Добродошли на амбасаду Википедије на француском језику!'''<br /> '''Dobrodošli na ambasadu Wikipedije na lingálakom jeziku!'''<br /> </center> '''La page présentant la totalité des ambassadades et ambassadeurs est sur méta à [[m:Wikipedia Embassy]]''' ''Cette page est dédiée à l'accueil des non-lingálaphones désirant contribuer. Les francophones à la recherche d'informations internationales sont invités à consulter [[fr:Wikipédia:Diplomatie internationale]].'' {| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff;padding:5px;font-size:95%;" |'''Willkommen''' auf der Botschaft der Lingála Wikipedia. Fragen und Vorschläge zu internationalen Themen können hier oder auf der Diskussionsseite zur Botschaft gepostet werden.<br /><center>'''[http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikipedia_Ntembe:Bontoma&action=edit&section=new Mitteilung an die Botschaft]'''</center> |'''Welcome''' to the embassy of the Lingála Wikipedia! If you have any announcements or questions regarding international issues or the lingála wikipedia you are invited to post them here or on the discussion page of this article.<br /><center>'''[http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikipedia_Ntembe:Bontoma&action=edit&section=new Message to the embassy]'''</center> |'''Bienvenue''' sur l'ambassade du Wikipédia Lingála! Si vous avez n'importe quelle annonce ou demande concernant les questions internationales ou le wikipédia lingála, vous êtes invité à les signaler ici ou sur la page de discussion de cet article.<br /><center>'''[http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikipedia_Ntembe:Bontoma&action=edit&section=new Consulter des ambassadeurs]'''</center> |'''Bienvenido''' en la embajada de la Wikipedia en Lingála. Si Usted tiene algunas preguntas y/o sugerencias considerando temas internacionales o la Wikipedia en lingála, Usted esta invitado de colocarlas aqui o en la página de discusión de este artículo.<br /><center>'''[http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikipedia_Ntembe:Bontoma&action=edit&section=new Mensaje para la Embajada]'''</center> |} Talk:Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto 1090 4658 2005-03-19T08:38:07Z Moyogo 11 Article Ce page devrait être un article sur la Déclaration Universelle des Droits de l'Homme. Le texte intégrale peut être sur source.wikipedia.org, avec un lien <nowiki>{{wikisource}}</nowiki> vers <nowiki>[[Wikisource:Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto|Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto]]</nowiki> ([[Wikisource:Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto|Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto]]) ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 08:38, 19 Mar 2005 (UTC) User:Moyogo/Lingala Keyboard 1091 2664 2005-03-21T01:45:01Z Moyogo 11 == Clavier Lingala Keyboard layout== # Windows #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 azerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier Français) #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-US-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier US) # Mac OS X #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-qwerty-OSX-0.1.tar.gz Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Mac OS X (10.2+) # Linux #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-qwerty-Linux-0.1.tar.gz Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Xorg ou XFree86 === Claviers Africains === * http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/Projects/#tabl * clavier Africain - qwerty (certains caractères manquant ne sont pas encore définis par Unicode) *# [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/African-qwerty-Linux-0.2.tar.gz African-qwerty-Linux-0.2.tar.gz] *# [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/African-qwerty-0.1.zip African-qwerty-0.1.zip] 2667 2005-05-11T15:41:07Z Moyogo 11 /* Clavier Lingala Keyboard layout */ +Clavier Horne == Clavier Lingala Keyboard layout== # Windows #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 azerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier Français) #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-US-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier US) # Mac OS X #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-qwerty-OSX-0.1.tar.gz Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Mac OS X (10.2+) # Linux #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-qwerty-Linux-0.1.tar.gz Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Xorg ou XFree86 === Claviers Africains === * http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/Projects/#tabl * clavier Africain - qwerty (certains caractères manquant ne sont pas encore définis par Unicode) *# [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/African-qwerty-Linux-0.2.tar.gz African-qwerty-Linux-0.2.tar.gz] *# [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/African-qwerty-0.1.zip African-qwerty-0.1.zip] === Autres Claviers === * [http://www.hornetranslations.com/keyboardsfr.shtml Clavier Latin Horne] (Windows), soutient les caractères spéciaux lingalas. 2668 2005-05-19T01:12:34Z Moyogo 11 /* Claviers Africains */ == Clavier Lingala Keyboard layout== # Windows #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 azerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier Français) #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-US-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier US) # Mac OS X #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-qwerty-OSX-0.1.tar.gz Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Mac OS X (10.2+) # Linux #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-qwerty-Linux-0.1.tar.gz Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Xorg ou XFree86 === Claviers Africains === * http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/Projects/#tabl * clavier Africain - qwerty (certains caractères manquant ne sont pas encore définis par Unicode) *# [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/African-qwerty-Linux-0.2.tar.gz African-qwerty-Linux-0.2.tar.gz] *# [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/African-qwerty-0.2.zip African-qwerty-0.2.zip] * clavier Africain - azerty (certains caractères manquant ne sont pas encore définis par Unicode) *# [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/African-qwerty-0.1.zip Africain-azerty-0.1.zip] === Autres Claviers === * [http://www.hornetranslations.com/keyboardsfr.shtml Clavier Latin Horne] (Windows), soutient les caractères spéciaux lingalas. 2669 2005-05-19T01:13:15Z Moyogo 11 /* Claviers Africains */ == Clavier Lingala Keyboard layout== # Windows #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 azerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier Français) #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-US-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier US) # Mac OS X #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-qwerty-OSX-0.1.tar.gz Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Mac OS X (10.2+) # Linux #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-qwerty-Linux-0.1.tar.gz Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Xorg ou XFree86 === Claviers Africains === * http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/Projects/#tabl * clavier Africain - qwerty (certains caractères manquant ne sont pas encore définis par Unicode) *# [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/African-qwerty-Linux-0.2.tar.gz African-qwerty-Linux-0.2.tar.gz] *# [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/African-qwerty-0.2.zip African-qwerty-0.2.zip] * clavier Africain - azerty (certains caractères manquant ne sont pas encore définis par Unicode) *# [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/African-azerty-0.1.zip Africain-azerty-0.1.zip] === Autres Claviers === * [http://www.hornetranslations.com/keyboardsfr.shtml Clavier Latin Horne] (Windows), soutient les caractères spéciaux lingalas. 2670 2005-05-19T01:13:21Z Moyogo 11 /* Claviers Africains */ == Clavier Lingala Keyboard layout== # Windows #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 azerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier Français) #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-US-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier US) # Mac OS X #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-qwerty-OSX-0.1.tar.gz Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Mac OS X (10.2+) # Linux #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-qwerty-Linux-0.1.tar.gz Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Xorg ou XFree86 === Claviers Africains === * http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/Projects/#tabl * clavier Africain - qwerty (certains caractères manquant ne sont pas encore définis par Unicode) *# [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/African-qwerty-Linux-0.2.tar.gz African-qwerty-Linux-0.2.tar.gz] *# [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/African-qwerty-0.2.zip African-qwerty-0.2.zip] * clavier Africain - azerty (certains caractères manquant ne sont pas encore définis par Unicode) *# [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Africain-azerty-0.1.zip Africain-azerty-0.1.zip] === Autres Claviers === * [http://www.hornetranslations.com/keyboardsfr.shtml Clavier Latin Horne] (Windows), soutient les caractères spéciaux lingalas. 4659 2005-05-20T22:09:04Z 66.46.93.131 /* Claviers Africains */ == Clavier Lingala Keyboard layout== # Windows #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 azerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier Français) #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-US-Kbd-0.1.zip Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Windows (basé sur le clavier US) # Mac OS X #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-qwerty-OSX-0.1.tar.gz Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Mac OS X (10.2+) # Linux #* [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Lingala-qwerty-Linux-0.1.tar.gz Lingala-0.1 qwerty] pour Xorg ou XFree86 === Claviers Africains === * http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/Projects/#tabl * clavier Africain - qwerty (certains caractères manquant ne sont pas encore définis par Unicode) *# [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/African-qwerty-Linux-0.2.tar.gz African-qwerty-Linux-0.2.tar.gz] *# [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/African-qwerty-0.2.zip African-qwerty-0.2.zip] * clavier Africain - azerty (certains caractères manquant ne sont pas encore définis par Unicode) *# [http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala/Africain-azerty-0.2.zip Africain-azerty-0.2.zip] === Autres Claviers === * [http://www.hornetranslations.com/keyboardsfr.shtml Clavier Latin Horne] (Windows), soutient les caractères spéciaux lingalas. Bulé 1092 2467 2005-03-21T02:08:44Z Moyogo 11 '''Bulé''' ezali [[lángi]] ya [[likoló]]. <div style="height:3cm;background-color:#00f;margin-left:2cm;margin-right:2cm"> </div> [[af:Blou (kleur)]] [[ca:Blau]] [[cs:Modrá]] [[da:Blå]] [[de:Blau]] [[el:Μπλέ]] [[en:Blue]] [[es:Azul]] [[eo:Blua]] [[it:Blu]] [[he:כחול]] [[ms:Biru]] [[nl:Blauw]] [[ja:青]] [[no:Blå]] [[pt:Azul]] [[simple:Blue]] [[fi:Sininen]] [[sv:Blå]] [[Category:lángi]] 4660 2005-03-21T02:10:16Z Moyogo 11 '''Bulé''', buló, ezali [[lángi]] ya [[likoló]]. <div style="height:3cm;background-color:#00f;margin-left:2cm;margin-right:2cm"> </div> [[af:Blou (kleur)]] [[ca:Blau]] [[cs:Modrá]] [[da:Blå]] [[de:Blau]] [[el:Μπλέ]] [[en:Blue]] [[es:Azul]] [[eo:Blua]] [[fr:Bleu]] [[it:Blu]] [[he:כחול]] [[ms:Biru]] [[nl:Blauw]] [[ja:青]] [[no:Blå]] [[pt:Azul]] [[simple:Blue]] [[fi:Sininen]] [[sv:Blå]] [[Category:lángi]] 7874 2006-03-27T03:53:35Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: eu, gl, hu, id, is, lb, lt, nds, nn, pl, ro, ru, sk, sl, sr, tr, vi, zh '''Bulé''', buló, ezali [[lángi]] ya [[likoló]]. <div style="height:3cm;background-color:#00f;margin-left:2cm;margin-right:2cm"> </div> [[Category:lángi]] [[af:Blou (kleur)]] [[ca:Blau]] [[cs:Modrá]] [[da:Blå]] [[de:Blau]] [[el:Μπλέ]] [[en:Blue]] [[eo:Blua]] [[es:Azul]] [[eu:Urdin]] [[fi:Sininen]] [[fr:Bleu]] [[gl:Azul]] [[he:כחול]] [[hu:Kék]] [[id:Biru]] [[is:Blár]] [[it:Blu]] [[ja:青]] [[lb:Blo]] [[lt:Mėlyna]] [[ms:Biru]] [[nds:Blau]] [[nl:Blauw]] [[nn:Blå]] [[no:Blå]] [[pl:Barwa niebieska]] [[pt:Azul]] [[ro:Albastru]] [[ru:Синий цвет]] [[simple:Blue]] [[sk:Modrá]] [[sl:Modra]] [[sr:Плава боја]] [[sv:Blå]] [[tr:Mavi]] [[vi:Xanh lam]] [[zh:藍色]] 8006 2006-04-15T20:20:15Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: mt '''Bulé''', buló, ezali [[lángi]] ya [[likoló]]. <div style="height:3cm;background-color:#00f;margin-left:2cm;margin-right:2cm"> </div> [[Category:lángi]] [[af:Blou (kleur)]] [[ca:Blau]] [[cs:Modrá]] [[da:Blå]] [[de:Blau]] [[el:Μπλέ]] [[en:Blue]] [[eo:Blua]] [[es:Azul]] [[eu:Urdin]] [[fi:Sininen]] [[fr:Bleu]] [[gl:Azul]] [[he:כחול]] [[hu:Kék]] [[id:Biru]] [[is:Blár]] [[it:Blu]] [[ja:青]] [[lb:Blo]] [[lt:Mėlyna]] [[ms:Biru]] [[mt:Ikħal]] [[nds:Blau]] [[nl:Blauw]] [[nn:Blå]] [[no:Blå]] [[pl:Barwa niebieska]] [[pt:Azul]] [[ro:Albastru]] [[ru:Синий цвет]] [[simple:Blue]] [[sk:Modrá]] [[sl:Modra]] [[sr:Плава боја]] [[sv:Blå]] [[tr:Mavi]] [[vi:Xanh lam]] [[zh:藍色]] User:Moyogo/Lingala Localization 1093 2468 2005-03-25T06:29:49Z Moyogo 11 * [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Keyboard|Lingala Keyboard Layouts]] * Gnu Libc Lingala Locale 2571 2005-03-25T06:40:14Z Moyogo 11 * [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Keyboard|Lingala Keyboard Layouts]] * Gnu Libc Lingala Locale ** [http://www.student.uit.no/~pere/linux/glibc/howto.html|How to write a GNU libc locale] ** [http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Locales.html#Locales|GNU libc manual - Locales section] ** [http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/libc.html|GNU libc main page] 2580 2005-04-03T21:46:08Z Moyogo 11 * [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Keyboard|Lingala Keyboard Layouts]] * Gnu Libc Lingala Locale ** [http://www.student.uit.no/~pere/linux/glibc/howto.html How to write a GNU libc locale] ** [http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Locales.html#Locales GNU libc manual - Locales section] ** [http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/libc.html GNU libc main page] 2582 2005-04-15T06:03:32Z Moyogo 11 * [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Keyboard|Lingala Keyboard Layouts]] * Gnu Libc Lingala Locale ** [http://www.student.uit.no/~pere/linux/glibc/howto.html How to write a GNU libc locale] ** [http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Locales.html#Locales GNU libc manual - Locales section] ** [http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/libc.html GNU libc main page] == Alphabet == Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ɛɛ Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Oo Ɔɔ Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz * Que faire des lettres d'emprunt tel que X, Q et autres? * Voyelles + accent = voyelle accentuée * Pour l'ordre, l'accent est ignoré == Jours == # mokɔlɔ ya liboso # mokɔlɔ ya míbale # mokɔlɔ ya mísáto # mokɔlɔ ya mínei # mokɔlɔ ya mitano # mokɔlɔ mwa pɔ́sɔ / mpɔsɔ # eyenga == Mois == # yanuari # febuari # marsi (mársi) / mars # aprili (apríli) / avril # mai # yuni (yúni) # yuli (yúli) # ogusiti # septembere # ɔkɔtɔbɛ (ɔkɔtɔ́bɛ) / oktobele # novɛmbɛ (novɛ́mbɛ) / novembere # desembere == Heure == ? == Date == ? == Oui/Non == *oui *:ɛ, ɛɛ, iyo (íyo) -> '''E''' ou '''I''' *non *:tɛ (tɛ̂, tɛ́) -> '''T''' 2583 2005-04-20T06:37:07Z Moyogo 11 /* Mois */ sanza ya * * [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Keyboard|Lingala Keyboard Layouts]] * Gnu Libc Lingala Locale ** [http://www.student.uit.no/~pere/linux/glibc/howto.html How to write a GNU libc locale] ** [http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Locales.html#Locales GNU libc manual - Locales section] ** [http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/libc.html GNU libc main page] == Alphabet == Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ɛɛ Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Oo Ɔɔ Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz * Que faire des lettres d'emprunt tel que X, Q et autres? * Voyelles + accent = voyelle accentuée * Pour l'ordre, l'accent est ignoré == Jours == # mokɔlɔ ya liboso # mokɔlɔ ya míbale # mokɔlɔ ya mísáto # mokɔlɔ ya mínei # mokɔlɔ ya mitano # mokɔlɔ mwa pɔ́sɔ / mpɔsɔ # eyenga == Mois == # sanza ya liboso / yanuari # sanza ya mibale / febuari # sanza ya misato / marsi (mársi) / mars # sanza ya minei / aprili (apríli) / avril # sanza ya mitano / mai # sanza ya motobo / yuni (yúni) # sanza ya nsambo / yuli (yúli) # sanza ya mwambi / ogusiti # sanza ya libwa / septembere # sanza ya zomi / ɔkɔtɔbɛ (ɔkɔtɔ́bɛ) / oktobele # sanza ya zomi na moko / novɛmbɛ (novɛ́mbɛ) / novembere # sanza ya zomi na mibale / desembere == Heure == ? == Date == ? == Oui/Non == *oui *:ɛ, ɛɛ, iyo (íyo) -> '''E''' ou '''I''' *non *:tɛ (tɛ̂, tɛ́) -> '''T''' 2676 2005-04-20T06:49:12Z Moyogo 11 * [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Keyboard|Lingala Keyboard Layouts]] * Gnu Libc Lingala Locale ** [http://www.student.uit.no/~pere/linux/glibc/howto.html How to write a GNU libc locale] ** [http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Locales.html#Locales GNU libc manual - Locales section] ** [http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/libc.html GNU libc main page] Merci au membres du forum [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=20 Le Lingala] sur congopage.com pour leur aide! == Alphabet == Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ɛɛ Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Oo Ɔɔ Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz * Que faire des lettres d'emprunt tel que X, Q et autres? * Voyelles + accent = voyelle accentuée * Pour l'ordre, l'accent est ignoré == Jours == # mokɔlɔ ya liboso # mokɔlɔ ya míbale # mokɔlɔ ya mísáto # mokɔlɔ ya mínei # mokɔlɔ ya mitano # mokɔlɔ mwa pɔ́sɔ / mpɔsɔ # eyenga == Mois == # sanza ya liboso / yanuari # sanza ya mibale / febuari # sanza ya misato / marsi (mársi) / mars # sanza ya minei / aprili (apríli) / avril # sanza ya mitano / mai # sanza ya motobo / yuni (yúni) # sanza ya nsambo / yuli (yúli) # sanza ya mwambi / ogusiti # sanza ya libwa / septembere # sanza ya zomi / ɔkɔtɔbɛ (ɔkɔtɔ́bɛ) / oktobele # sanza ya zomi na moko / novɛmbɛ (novɛ́mbɛ) / novembere # sanza ya zomi na mibale / desembere == Heure == ? == Date == ? == Oui/Non == *oui *:ɛ, ɛɛ, iyo (íyo) -> '''E''' ou '''I''' *non *:tɛ (tɛ̂, tɛ́) -> '''T''' 2677 2005-05-27T14:30:40Z 69.156.166.86 /* Alphabet */ digrames * [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Keyboard|Lingala Keyboard Layouts]] * Gnu Libc Lingala Locale ** [http://www.student.uit.no/~pere/linux/glibc/howto.html How to write a GNU libc locale] ** [http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Locales.html#Locales GNU libc manual - Locales section] ** [http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/libc.html GNU libc main page] Merci au membres du forum [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=20 Le Lingala] sur congopage.com pour leur aide! == Alphabet == a b c d e ɛ f g h i j k l m mb mp o ɔ nd ng nk ns nt nz p (q) (r) s t u v w (x) y z * Que faire des lettres d'emprunt tel que X, Q et autres? * Voyelles + accent = voyelle accentuée * Pour l'ordre, l'accent est ignoré == Jours == # mokɔlɔ ya liboso # mokɔlɔ ya míbale # mokɔlɔ ya mísáto # mokɔlɔ ya mínei # mokɔlɔ ya mitano # mokɔlɔ mwa pɔ́sɔ / mpɔsɔ # eyenga == Mois == # sanza ya liboso / yanuari # sanza ya mibale / febuari # sanza ya misato / marsi (mársi) / mars # sanza ya minei / aprili (apríli) / avril # sanza ya mitano / mai # sanza ya motobo / yuni (yúni) # sanza ya nsambo / yuli (yúli) # sanza ya mwambi / ogusiti # sanza ya libwa / septembere # sanza ya zomi / ɔkɔtɔbɛ (ɔkɔtɔ́bɛ) / oktobele # sanza ya zomi na moko / novɛmbɛ (novɛ́mbɛ) / novembere # sanza ya zomi na mibale / desembere == Heure == ? == Date == ? == Oui/Non == *oui *:ɛ, ɛɛ, iyo (íyo) -> '''E''' ou '''I''' *non *:tɛ (tɛ̂, tɛ́) -> '''T''' 4661 2005-05-27T14:31:18Z 69.156.166.86 /* Alphabet */ * [[User:Moyogo/Lingala Keyboard|Lingala Keyboard Layouts]] * Gnu Libc Lingala Locale ** [http://www.student.uit.no/~pere/linux/glibc/howto.html How to write a GNU libc locale] ** [http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Locales.html#Locales GNU libc manual - Locales section] ** [http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/libc.html GNU libc main page] Merci au membres du forum [http://www.congopage.com/phpBB/viewforum.php?f=20 Le Lingala] sur congopage.com pour leur aide! == Alphabet == a b c d e ɛ f g h i j k l m mb mp o ɔ nd ng nk ns nt nz p (q) (r) s t u v w (x) y z * Que faire des lettres d'emprunt tel que X, Q et autres? * Voyelles + accent = voyelle accentuée == Jours == # mokɔlɔ ya liboso # mokɔlɔ ya míbale # mokɔlɔ ya mísáto # mokɔlɔ ya mínei # mokɔlɔ ya mitano # mokɔlɔ mwa pɔ́sɔ / mpɔsɔ # eyenga == Mois == # sanza ya liboso / yanuari # sanza ya mibale / febuari # sanza ya misato / marsi (mársi) / mars # sanza ya minei / aprili (apríli) / avril # sanza ya mitano / mai # sanza ya motobo / yuni (yúni) # sanza ya nsambo / yuli (yúli) # sanza ya mwambi / ogusiti # sanza ya libwa / septembere # sanza ya zomi / ɔkɔtɔbɛ (ɔkɔtɔ́bɛ) / oktobele # sanza ya zomi na moko / novɛmbɛ (novɛ́mbɛ) / novembere # sanza ya zomi na mibale / desembere == Heure == ? == Date == ? == Oui/Non == *oui *:ɛ, ɛɛ, iyo (íyo) -> '''E''' ou '''I''' *non *:tɛ (tɛ̂, tɛ́) -> '''T''' Kongó-Kinshasa 1094 2492 2005-03-31T09:51:44Z 194.40.129.54 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''Kongo Demokratiki'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_medium.png]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Drapeau du Congo|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Sans''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Langue officielle]] || [[Langue française|français]] |----- | Langues nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Mboka-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Tata-mokonzi]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Liste des pays par superficie|Classé 12{{e}}]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Population]]<br />&nbsp;- ekokí ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Liste des pays par population|Classé 23{{e}}]]<br /> 55 225 478 habitants<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Indépendance]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | de la [[Belgique]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lakótá == Na ekolo Kongo elobami [[lakótá|bakótá]] kama mibale. Nyoso wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == Voir aussi Afrika (Histoire) Voir aussi [[Kongó (ntangó ya banókó)]] Tango ekolo [[Belgica]] ezolakisa na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na mwambe misala mya banoko na emoneli ya [[Bruxelles]], na ekolo Kongó, posa ya dipanda ekwei na mboka. === “Makamisiya” «Kongó ya sika» === Na kati ya mibu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano, nzembo ''Kongó Ya Sika'' etangi makanisi ya bana Kongó. Ngulupa ya sika ya bato ya ekolo ebandi komata: «bakoli», bato baye bomoy lokola banoko, kasi lolenge moko te na bato ya mboka. Bandako mpe bilya bya bango, totangi bakiti, bavelo mpe baladyo, elakisi esika na bango na mboka. Na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na motoba, misusu ô kati na bango bakòmí na buku ''conscience africaine'', [[makanisi]] etali bokoli bwa kokamba ekolo, bokoli bwa kozwa biloko mpe bokoli bwa bana ya Kongó pona kozwa dipanda. Wâna ebandeli ya lisanga lya bato na kanda mpona kosenga na Belgica dipanda ya ekolo Kongó. Dipanda esengami mpe na mondule: Masanga ya bayembi [[African jazz]] mpe [[OK jazz]] balandi tango ya mbongwana ena na banzembo bya bango etondi makambo ma bokambi ekolo. Nzembo [[Indépendance Cha Cha]] ekomi nzembo ekoyemba bana ya Africa nyonso baye babengani ba [[Belges]]. === Dipanda === Mokolo ya tuku misato ya sanza ya motoba. Ekolo Kongó ekobina, ekosepela dipanda. Kasi likambo linene likoya. Basoda bakengeli ekolo basiliki, [[bokabwani]] mpe [[mobulu]] elandani. Ekolo Kongó ekoti na kati ya bitumba, makila, bokangi bato. Mindele mingi bakimi mboka. Likambo lya ekolo Kongó ekomi likambo lya mokili mobimba. Na sima ya etumba na léta ya mokolo ya tuku mibale na minei, na sanza ya zomi na moko, mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku motoba na mitano, [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Mobutu]] akomi mokondzi. Aponi ekolo ezonga na «[[ndenge ya mboka]]», Ekolo Kongó ekomi Zaïre. Na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku sambo na minei, «[[bozaïre]]» elingi kopesa bisika bya misala na bana mboka. Kasi ekomaki ya kobuka mboka mpe koyiba, ebomi ekolo Zaïre na tango oyo ezali kotongama. === Bondeko kati ya Belgica mpe Kongó dipanda === Na kati ya boswani bwa bango, ekolo Belgica akolanda bosungi bwa ye na ekolo Kongó dipanda, mingi na makambo etali [[bokolongono bwa nzoto]] mpe [[mayokeli]]. == Démographie == [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|left|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2002 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2004). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Subdivisions == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Subdivisions de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasai-Occidental]] # [[Kasai-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:mbóka]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] 2497 2005-03-31T11:37:22Z Bombo 12 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''Kongo Demokratiki'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo democratic flag 300.png|thumb]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Drapeau du Congo|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Sans''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Langue officielle]] || [[Langue française|français]] |----- | Langues nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Mboka-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Tata-mokonzi]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Liste des pays par superficie|Classé 12{{e}}]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Population]]<br />&nbsp;- ekokí ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Liste des pays par population|Classé 23{{e}}]]<br /> 55 225 478 habitants<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Indépendance]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | de la [[Belgique]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lakótá == Na ekolo Kongo elobami [[lakótá|bakótá]] kama mibale. Nyoso wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == Voir aussi Afrika (Histoire) Voir aussi [[Kongó (ntangó ya banókó)]] Tango ekolo [[Belgica]] ezolakisa na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na mwambe misala mya banoko na emoneli ya [[Bruxelles]], na ekolo Kongó, posa ya dipanda ekwei na mboka. === “Makamisiya” «Kongó ya sika» === Na kati ya mibu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano, nzembo ''Kongó Ya Sika'' etangi makanisi ya bana Kongó. Ngulupa ya sika ya bato ya ekolo ebandi komata: «bakoli», bato baye bomoy lokola banoko, kasi lolenge moko te na bato ya mboka. Bandako mpe bilya bya bango, totangi bakiti, bavelo mpe baladyo, elakisi esika na bango na mboka. Na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na motoba, misusu ô kati na bango bakòmí na buku ''conscience africaine'', [[makanisi]] etali bokoli bwa kokamba ekolo, bokoli bwa kozwa biloko mpe bokoli bwa bana ya Kongó pona kozwa dipanda. Wâna ebandeli ya lisanga lya bato na kanda mpona kosenga na Belgica dipanda ya ekolo Kongó. Dipanda esengami mpe na mondule: Masanga ya bayembi [[African jazz]] mpe [[OK jazz]] balandi tango ya mbongwana ena na banzembo bya bango etondi makambo ma bokambi ekolo. Nzembo [[Indépendance Cha Cha]] ekomi nzembo ekoyemba bana ya Africa nyonso baye babengani ba [[Belges]]. === Dipanda === Mokolo ya tuku misato ya sanza ya motoba. Ekolo Kongó ekobina, ekosepela dipanda. Kasi likambo linene likoya. Basoda bakengeli ekolo basiliki, [[bokabwani]] mpe [[mobulu]] elandani. Ekolo Kongó ekoti na kati ya bitumba, makila, bokangi bato. Mindele mingi bakimi mboka. Likambo lya ekolo Kongó ekomi likambo lya mokili mobimba. Na sima ya etumba na léta ya mokolo ya tuku mibale na minei, na sanza ya zomi na moko, mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku motoba na mitano, [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Mobutu]] akomi mokondzi. Aponi ekolo ezonga na «[[ndenge ya mboka]]», Ekolo Kongó ekomi Zaïre. Na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku sambo na minei, «[[bozaïre]]» elingi kopesa bisika bya misala na bana mboka. Kasi ekomaki ya kobuka mboka mpe koyiba, ebomi ekolo Zaïre na tango oyo ezali kotongama. === Bondeko kati ya Belgica mpe Kongó dipanda === Na kati ya boswani bwa bango, ekolo Belgica akolanda bosungi bwa ye na ekolo Kongó dipanda, mingi na makambo etali [[bokolongono bwa nzoto]] mpe [[mayokeli]]. == Démographie == [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|left|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2002 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2004). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Subdivisions == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Subdivisions de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasai-Occidental]] # [[Kasai-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:mbóka]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] 2596 2005-03-31T13:52:37Z Bombo 12 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''Kongo Demokratiki'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo democratic flag 300.png|thumb]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Drapeau du Congo|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Sans''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Langue officielle]] || [[Langue française|français]] |----- | Langues nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Mboka-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Tata-mokonzi]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Liste des pays par superficie|Classé 12{{e}}]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Population]]<br />&nbsp;- ekokí ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Liste des pays par population|Classé 23{{e}}]]<br /> 55 225 478 habitants<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Indépendance]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | de la [[Belgica]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lakótá == Na ekolo Kongo elobami [[lakótá|bakótá]] kama mibale. Nyoso wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == Voir aussi Afrika (Histoire) Voir aussi [[Kongó (ntangó ya banókó)]] Tango ekolo [[Belgica]] ezolakisa na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na mwambe misala mya banoko na emoneli ya [[Bruxelles]], na ekolo Kongó, posa ya dipanda ekwei na mboka. === “Makamisiya” «Kongó ya sika» === Na kati ya mibu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano, nzembo ''Kongó Ya Sika'' etangi makanisi ya bana Kongó. Ngulupa ya sika ya bato ya ekolo ebandi komata: «bakoli», bato baye bomoy lokola banoko, kasi lolenge moko te na bato ya mboka. Bandako mpe bilya bya bango, totangi bakiti, bavelo mpe baladyo, elakisi esika na bango na mboka. Na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na motoba, misusu ô kati na bango bakòmí na buku ''conscience africaine'', [[makanisi]] etali bokoli bwa kokamba ekolo, bokoli bwa kozwa biloko mpe bokoli bwa bana ya Kongó pona kozwa dipanda. Wâna ebandeli ya lisanga lya bato na kanda mpona kosenga na Belgica dipanda ya ekolo Kongó. Dipanda esengami mpe na mondule: Masanga ya bayembi [[African jazz]] mpe [[OK jazz]] balandi tango ya mbongwana ena na banzembo bya bango etondi makambo ma bokambi ekolo. Nzembo [[Indépendance Cha Cha]] ekomi nzembo ekoyemba bana ya Africa nyonso baye babengani ba [[Belges]]. === Dipanda === Mokolo ya tuku misato ya sanza ya motoba. Ekolo Kongó ekobina, ekosepela dipanda. Kasi likambo linene likoya. Basoda bakengeli ekolo basiliki, [[bokabwani]] mpe [[mobulu]] elandani. Ekolo Kongó ekoti na kati ya bitumba, makila, bokangi bato. Mindele mingi bakimi mboka. Likambo lya ekolo Kongó ekomi likambo lya mokili mobimba. Na sima ya etumba na léta ya mokolo ya tuku mibale na minei, na sanza ya zomi na moko, mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku motoba na mitano, [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Mobutu]] akomi mokondzi. Aponi ekolo ezonga na «[[ndenge ya mboka]]», Ekolo Kongó ekomi Zaïre. Na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku sambo na minei, «[[bozaïre]]» elingi kopesa bisika bya misala na bana mboka. Kasi ekomaki ya kobuka mboka mpe koyiba, ebomi ekolo Zaïre na tango oyo ezali kotongama. === Bondeko kati ya Belgica mpe Kongó dipanda === Na kati ya boswani bwa bango, ekolo Belgica akolanda bosungi bwa ye na ekolo Kongó dipanda, mingi na makambo etali [[bokolongono bwa nzoto]] mpe [[mayokeli]]. == Démographie == [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|left|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2002 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2004). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Subdivisions == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Subdivisions de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasai-Occidental]] # [[Kasai-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:mbóka]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] 2597 2005-04-27T05:00:21Z Moyogo 11 Kongo -> Kongó {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''Kongó Demokratiki'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo democratic flag 300.png|thumb]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Drapeau du Congo|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Sans''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Langue officielle]] || [[Langue française|français]] |----- | Langues nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Mboka-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongó Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Tata-mokonzi]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Liste des pays par superficie|Classé 12{{e}}]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Population]]<br />&nbsp;- ekokí ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Liste des pays par population|Classé 23{{e}}]]<br /> 55 225 478 habitants<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Indépendance]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | de la [[Belgica]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lakótá == Na ekolo Kongó elobami [[lakótá|bakótá]] kama mibale. Nyoso wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongó. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == Voir aussi Afrika (Histoire) Voir aussi [[Kongó (ntangó ya banókó)]] Tango ekolo [[Belgica]] ezolakisa na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na mwambe misala mya banoko na emoneli ya [[Bruxelles]], na ekolo Kongó, posa ya dipanda ekwei na mboka. === “Makamisiya” «Kongó ya sika» === Na kati ya mibu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano, nzembo ''Kongó Ya Sika'' etangi makanisi ya bana Kongó. Ngulupa ya sika ya bato ya ekolo ebandi komata: «bakoli», bato baye bomoy lokola banoko, kasi lolenge moko te na bato ya mboka. Bandako mpe bilya bya bango, totangi bakiti, bavelo mpe baladyo, elakisi esika na bango na mboka. Na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na motoba, misusu ô kati na bango bakòmí na buku ''conscience africaine'', [[makanisi]] etali bokoli bwa kokamba ekolo, bokoli bwa kozwa biloko mpe bokoli bwa bana ya Kongó pona kozwa dipanda. Wâna ebandeli ya lisanga lya bato na kanda mpona kosenga na Belgica dipanda ya ekolo Kongó. Dipanda esengami mpe na mondule: Masanga ya bayembi [[African jazz]] mpe [[OK jazz]] balandi tango ya mbongwana ena na banzembo bya bango etondi makambo ma bokambi ekolo. Nzembo [[Indépendance Cha Cha]] ekomi nzembo ekoyemba bana ya Africa nyonso baye babengani ba [[Belges]]. === Dipanda === Mokolo ya tuku misato ya sanza ya motoba. Ekolo Kongó ekobina, ekosepela dipanda. Kasi likambo linene likoya. Basoda bakengeli ekolo basiliki, [[bokabwani]] mpe [[mobulu]] elandani. Ekolo Kongó ekoti na kati ya bitumba, makila, bokangi bato. Mindele mingi bakimi mboka. Likambo lya ekolo Kongó ekomi likambo lya mokili mobimba. Na sima ya etumba na léta ya mokolo ya tuku mibale na minei, na sanza ya zomi na moko, mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku motoba na mitano, [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Mobutu]] akomi mokondzi. Aponi ekolo ezonga na «[[ndenge ya mboka]]», Ekolo Kongó ekomi Zaïre. Na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku sambo na minei, «[[bozaïre]]» elingi kopesa bisika bya misala na bana mboka. Kasi ekomaki ya kobuka mboka mpe koyiba, ebomi ekolo Zaïre na tango oyo ezali kotongama. === Bondeko kati ya Belgica mpe Kongó dipanda === Na kati ya boswani bwa bango, ekolo Belgica akolanda bosungi bwa ye na ekolo Kongó dipanda, mingi na makambo etali [[bokolongono bwa nzoto]] mpe [[mayokeli]]. == Démographie == [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|left|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2002 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2004). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Subdivisions == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Subdivisions de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasai-Occidental]] # [[Kasai-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongó Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongó, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongó, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongó. * Mabele o ekolo Kongó etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:mbóka]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] 2615 2005-04-27T05:44:17Z Moyogo 11 +lokótá {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''Kongó Demokratiki'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo democratic flag 300.png|thumb]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Drapeau du Congo|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Sans''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokótá officielle]] || [[lifalasɛ́]] |----- | Bakótá na mbóka | [[Lingála]], [[Kiswahili]],<br />[[Tshiluba]], [[Kikongo]] |----- | [[Mboka-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongó Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Tata-mokonzi]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Liste des pays par superficie|Classé 12{{e}}]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Population]]<br />&nbsp;- ekokí ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Liste des pays par population|Classé 23{{e}}]]<br /> 55 225 478 habitants<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Indépendance]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | de la [[Belgica]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kongó elobami [[lokótá|bakótá]] kama mibale. Nyoso wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongó. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == Voir aussi Afrika (Histoire) Voir aussi [[Kongó (ntangó ya banókó)]] Tango ekolo [[Belgica]] ezolakisa na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na mwambe misala mya banoko na emoneli ya [[Bruxelles]], na ekolo Kongó, posa ya dipanda ekwei na mboka. === “Makamisiya” «Kongó ya sika» === Na kati ya mibu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano, nzembo ''Kongó Ya Sika'' etangi makanisi ya bana Kongó. Ngulupa ya sika ya bato ya ekolo ebandi komata: «bakoli», bato baye bomoy lokola banoko, kasi lolenge moko te na bato ya mboka. Bandako mpe bilya bya bango, totangi bakiti, bavelo mpe baladyo, elakisi esika na bango na mboka. Na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na motoba, misusu ô kati na bango bakòmí na buku ''conscience africaine'', [[makanisi]] etali bokoli bwa kokamba ekolo, bokoli bwa kozwa biloko mpe bokoli bwa bana ya Kongó pona kozwa dipanda. Wâna ebandeli ya lisanga lya bato na kanda mpona kosenga na Belgica dipanda ya ekolo Kongó. Dipanda esengami mpe na mondule: Masanga ya bayembi [[African jazz]] mpe [[OK jazz]] balandi tango ya mbongwana ena na banzembo bya bango etondi makambo ma bokambi ekolo. Nzembo [[Indépendance Cha Cha]] ekomi nzembo ekoyemba bana ya Africa nyonso baye babengani ba [[Belges]]. === Dipanda === Mokolo ya tuku misato ya sanza ya motoba. Ekolo Kongó ekobina, ekosepela dipanda. Kasi likambo linene likoya. Basoda bakengeli ekolo basiliki, [[bokabwani]] mpe [[mobulu]] elandani. Ekolo Kongó ekoti na kati ya bitumba, makila, bokangi bato. Mindele mingi bakimi mboka. Likambo lya ekolo Kongó ekomi likambo lya mokili mobimba. Na sima ya etumba na léta ya mokolo ya tuku mibale na minei, na sanza ya zomi na moko, mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku motoba na mitano, [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Mobutu]] akomi mokondzi. Aponi ekolo ezonga na «[[ndenge ya mboka]]», Ekolo Kongó ekomi Zaïre. Na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku sambo na minei, «[[bozaïre]]» elingi kopesa bisika bya misala na bana mboka. Kasi ekomaki ya kobuka mboka mpe koyiba, ebomi ekolo Zaïre na tango oyo ezali kotongama. === Bondeko kati ya Belgica mpe Kongó dipanda === Na kati ya boswani bwa bango, ekolo Belgica akolanda bosungi bwa ye na ekolo Kongó dipanda, mingi na makambo etali [[bokolongono bwa nzoto]] mpe [[mayokeli]]. == Démographie == [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|left|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2002 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2004). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Subdivisions == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Subdivisions de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasai-Occidental]] # [[Kasai-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongó Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongó, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongó, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongó. * Mabele o ekolo Kongó etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:mbóka]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] 2616 2005-05-08T05:38:58Z Moyogo 11 /* “Makamisiya” «Kongó ya sika» */ mibu -> mobu {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''Kongó Demokratiki'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo democratic flag 300.png|thumb]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Drapeau du Congo|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Sans''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokótá officielle]] || [[lifalasɛ́]] |----- | Bakótá na mbóka | [[Lingála]], [[Kiswahili]],<br />[[Tshiluba]], [[Kikongo]] |----- | [[Mboka-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongó Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Tata-mokonzi]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Liste des pays par superficie|Classé 12{{e}}]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Population]]<br />&nbsp;- ekokí ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Liste des pays par population|Classé 23{{e}}]]<br /> 55 225 478 habitants<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Indépendance]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | de la [[Belgica]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kongó elobami [[lokótá|bakótá]] kama mibale. Nyoso wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongó. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == Voir aussi Afrika (Histoire) Voir aussi [[Kongó (ntangó ya banókó)]] Tango ekolo [[Belgica]] ezolakisa na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na mwambe misala mya banoko na emoneli ya [[Bruxelles]], na ekolo Kongó, posa ya dipanda ekwei na mboka. === “Makamisiya” «Kongó ya sika» === Na kati ya mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano, nzembo ''Kongó Ya Sika'' etangi makanisi ya bana Kongó. Ngulupa ya sika ya bato ya ekolo ebandi komata: «bakoli», bato baye bomoy lokola banoko, kasi lolenge moko te na bato ya mboka. Bandako mpe bilya bya bango, totangi bakiti, bavelo mpe baladyo, elakisi esika na bango na mboka. Na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na motoba, misusu ô kati na bango bakòmí na buku ''conscience africaine'', [[makanisi]] etali bokoli bwa kokamba ekolo, bokoli bwa kozwa biloko mpe bokoli bwa bana ya Kongó pona kozwa dipanda. Wâna ebandeli ya lisanga lya bato na kanda mpona kosenga na Belgica dipanda ya ekolo Kongó. Dipanda esengami mpe na mondule: Masanga ya bayembi [[African jazz]] mpe [[OK jazz]] balandi tango ya mbongwana ena na banzembo bya bango etondi makambo ma bokambi ekolo. Nzembo [[Indépendance Cha Cha]] ekomi nzembo ekoyemba bana ya Africa nyonso baye babengani ba [[Belges]]. === Dipanda === Mokolo ya tuku misato ya sanza ya motoba. Ekolo Kongó ekobina, ekosepela dipanda. Kasi likambo linene likoya. Basoda bakengeli ekolo basiliki, [[bokabwani]] mpe [[mobulu]] elandani. Ekolo Kongó ekoti na kati ya bitumba, makila, bokangi bato. Mindele mingi bakimi mboka. Likambo lya ekolo Kongó ekomi likambo lya mokili mobimba. Na sima ya etumba na léta ya mokolo ya tuku mibale na minei, na sanza ya zomi na moko, mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku motoba na mitano, [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Mobutu]] akomi mokondzi. Aponi ekolo ezonga na «[[ndenge ya mboka]]», Ekolo Kongó ekomi Zaïre. Na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku sambo na minei, «[[bozaïre]]» elingi kopesa bisika bya misala na bana mboka. Kasi ekomaki ya kobuka mboka mpe koyiba, ebomi ekolo Zaïre na tango oyo ezali kotongama. === Bondeko kati ya Belgica mpe Kongó dipanda === Na kati ya boswani bwa bango, ekolo Belgica akolanda bosungi bwa ye na ekolo Kongó dipanda, mingi na makambo etali [[bokolongono bwa nzoto]] mpe [[mayokeli]]. == Démographie == [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|left|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2002 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2004). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Subdivisions == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Subdivisions de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasai-Occidental]] # [[Kasai-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongó Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongó, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongó, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongó. * Mabele o ekolo Kongó etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:mbóka]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] 2700 2005-05-09T03:53:48Z Moyogo 11 Bakótá ya ekólo {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''Kongó Demokratiki'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo democratic flag 300.png|thumb]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Drapeau du Congo|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Sans''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokótá officielle]] || [[lifalasɛ́]] |----- | Bakótá ya ekólo | [[Lingála]], [[Kiswahili]],<br />[[Tshiluba]], [[Kikongo]] |----- | [[Mboka-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongó Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Tata-mokonzi]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Liste des pays par superficie|Classé 12{{e}}]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Population]]<br />&nbsp;- ekokí ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Liste des pays par population|Classé 23{{e}}]]<br /> 55 225 478 habitants<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Indépendance]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | de la [[Belgica]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kongó elobami [[lokótá|bakótá]] kama mibale. Nyoso wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongó. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == Voir aussi Afrika (Histoire) Voir aussi [[Kongó (ntangó ya banókó)]] Tango ekolo [[Belgica]] ezolakisa na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na mwambe misala mya banoko na emoneli ya [[Bruxelles]], na ekolo Kongó, posa ya dipanda ekwei na mboka. === “Makamisiya” «Kongó ya sika» === Na kati ya mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano, nzembo ''Kongó Ya Sika'' etangi makanisi ya bana Kongó. Ngulupa ya sika ya bato ya ekolo ebandi komata: «bakoli», bato baye bomoy lokola banoko, kasi lolenge moko te na bato ya mboka. Bandako mpe bilya bya bango, totangi bakiti, bavelo mpe baladyo, elakisi esika na bango na mboka. Na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na motoba, misusu ô kati na bango bakòmí na buku ''conscience africaine'', [[makanisi]] etali bokoli bwa kokamba ekolo, bokoli bwa kozwa biloko mpe bokoli bwa bana ya Kongó pona kozwa dipanda. Wâna ebandeli ya lisanga lya bato na kanda mpona kosenga na Belgica dipanda ya ekolo Kongó. Dipanda esengami mpe na mondule: Masanga ya bayembi [[African jazz]] mpe [[OK jazz]] balandi tango ya mbongwana ena na banzembo bya bango etondi makambo ma bokambi ekolo. Nzembo [[Indépendance Cha Cha]] ekomi nzembo ekoyemba bana ya Africa nyonso baye babengani ba [[Belges]]. === Dipanda === Mokolo ya tuku misato ya sanza ya motoba. Ekolo Kongó ekobina, ekosepela dipanda. Kasi likambo linene likoya. Basoda bakengeli ekolo basiliki, [[bokabwani]] mpe [[mobulu]] elandani. Ekolo Kongó ekoti na kati ya bitumba, makila, bokangi bato. Mindele mingi bakimi mboka. Likambo lya ekolo Kongó ekomi likambo lya mokili mobimba. Na sima ya etumba na léta ya mokolo ya tuku mibale na minei, na sanza ya zomi na moko, mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku motoba na mitano, [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Mobutu]] akomi mokondzi. Aponi ekolo ezonga na «[[ndenge ya mboka]]», Ekolo Kongó ekomi Zaïre. Na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku sambo na minei, «[[bozaïre]]» elingi kopesa bisika bya misala na bana mboka. Kasi ekomaki ya kobuka mboka mpe koyiba, ebomi ekolo Zaïre na tango oyo ezali kotongama. === Bondeko kati ya Belgica mpe Kongó dipanda === Na kati ya boswani bwa bango, ekolo Belgica akolanda bosungi bwa ye na ekolo Kongó dipanda, mingi na makambo etali [[bokolongono bwa nzoto]] mpe [[mayokeli]]. == Démographie == [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|left|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2002 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2004). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Subdivisions == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Subdivisions de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasai-Occidental]] # [[Kasai-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongó Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongó, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongó, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongó. * Mabele o ekolo Kongó etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:mbóka]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] 4662 2005-05-31T20:19:20Z Moyogo 11 redirect [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] #REDIRECT [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́ (Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki) 1095 2475 2005-03-31T10:11:37Z 194.40.129.54 Voir aussi [[Ntangó ya banókó]] Wuta mobu koto na kama mwambe na tuku mwambe na minei tii mobu koto na kama mwambe na tuku mwambe na mitano, Conférence de Berlin esangisi bana ya [[Europa]], ya [[America]] mpe ya [[Turkia]] mpona kokamba mibeko mikofungola nzela ya Afrika. Yango epesi mayele na ntoma [[Léopold II]] nakoyebisa mokili mobimba te ebale ya [[Kongó-Kinshasa|Kongó]] eye ekambami na moleki nzela [[Stanley]], ezali mabele mwa ye mpe na lisanga lya ye. Kasi soki na buku ekolo ya Afrika eye eleki na maboko ya mindele elakisi lokola ekolo ya poto, na mibeko mpe na misala ya mbulamatari, solo ezalaki kokambama lokola eloko ya moto moko. == État Indépendant du Congo == Mapango ma ekolo Kongó esalami na bokakoli elongo na mindele miye basilaki kozwa ô kati, mabele manene. Ya solo, likambo lya frontière ya Kongó esengi kotambola ekolo mobimba mpe kokamba bato na bokasi mpe esengaki kozwa bandeko ya miyindo. Bitumba ekotaki kati ya batekisi mino ya nzoku épai moyindo, épai alabo na bakondzi ya miyindo. Bolongi ya léta epesaki na [[Belgica]] esengo enene. Kasi sango ya malamu ya «État Indépendant du Congo» te na Belgica mpe na mboka mopaya. Sango ya monyokoli etali mosala ya ndembo ekomi na mpoto. Ntoma Léopold II atindi bato bya bikolo ndenge na ndenge mpona koyeba likambo liina. Matongi na nzoto ya mopaya ebangisi Belgica elingi kosukisa monyokoli. Yango wana ekolo Belgica, mokolo ya zomi na mitano sanza ya zomi na moko mobu koto na kama libwa na mwambe, ekamati bokondzi na etando ya ekolo État Indépendant du Congo. Na bokambami bwa Belgica, ekolo État Indépendant du Congo ekomi lokola mabele moko na Belgica. Na sima ya manso, bato babosani '''monyokoli''' mpe motungisi na tango ya ntoma Léopold II. Akomi ye moko «mokondzi malamu» mpe ekolo Kongó ekomi «ekolo moyindo ekambi mindele eye ekolakisa nzela». == Mpona kokóma «ekolo moyindo molakisa nzela» == Ekambi miyindo na mindele ekopesa ndakisa, ebongi esala mabe te. Elingaki bokondzi ya botata esimbi Bruxelles mpona bokambi ya miyindo ezala malamu, ekolo emikoka bozwi bwa ye. Kasi etiki na miyindo, manso etali mbulamatari te lokola botei bana ba kelasi, botongi ekolo mpe mosala ya monganga. Bokambi yango ezalaki mpe na makambo ya makasi. Ata mibeko mikokumbisa bikolo ya miyindo miye ekambi ekolo Kongo ya Belgica, mosala ya bokasi ekosila kaka na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku misato. Bakopesa bonyile na bapanzi makita mpe na bisanga bya bato kaka na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na libwa. Na mibu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano, posa ya kotombola ekolo ekopesa makanisi ya ekolo Kongo ndakisa malamu. Na tema ya mabe te, bisika bya ekolo Kongo na emoneli ya mokili mobimba ya mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na mwambe, epesaki maloba ya elikya enene. == Bisika bya bato na mbulamatari == Na kati ya ekolo, '''bisika bya bato na mbulamatari''' ekambamaki na ''gouverneur général'' moye akambi mbulamatari mpe akoyebisa manso epai ya ntoma ya bikolo miyindo na minoko ya bakambi mabele. Bango bakotala misala minso ya léta (bofuti pako, misala ya mabele, misala ya botongi ekolo, bobwaki bosoto, bokati makambo, etc). Misala miina ekambami mpe na bakondzi ya miyindo oyo balatisi palata. Na maloba, mokondzi oyo alati palata aponami mpe akokamba mboka wa ye na ndenge ya bokoko. Kasi solo mpenza, ezalaki kosalama ndenge wana te. Mbulamatari alingaki ekolo ekola ndenge ye alingi, kasi na ndenge ya bokoko te. Mokondzi moyindo oyo aponami mpe alati palata ya mbulamatari, azalaki elembo ya bakondzi ya kala ya miyindo na kati ya mbulamatari. Kasi bakondzi mingi baponamaki mpona bilanda landa bya bango na mibeko ya mbulamatari. == Basango == Mateya etali yezu, ezalaki mosala ya '''basango''', bakatolike mpe na baprotestants. Mbulamatari ya Kongo ya Belgica epesaki bango misala miye etali bosungi bato, misala mya bikela mpe bosali bokono. Na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku minei na sambo, banganga nzambe katolike mpe protestant, bazalaki 21% na mindele bakosala ô ekolo Kongo. Lokola ekolo Kongo mibále balekaki basi, banganga nzambe bapesaki misala mingi na basi ya mindele. == Bambulu-mbulu mpe basoda == Basimbi bokondzi bwa mindele, '''bambulu-mbulu mpe basoda'''. Na ebandeli, basoda ya mindele baye bawuti belgica, scandinavia na [[italia]], etc mpe basoda ya miyindo, bana ya africa ya loboko lwa mwasi, bana ya [[Zanzibar]], bakotika moke-moke esika na basoda ya mboka na bokambami ba Belges. == Minganga == Na sima ya bokono ya mpongi eye ezongaka mbula nyoso, '''minganga''' ya mindele bakosilisa liboso makono ya seko. Wuta mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku misato, bakosalisa bato na bisika bazali mpe bakotambola mboka na mboka; ekobakisama mpe ba lopitalo ya mike mpe ya minene na bisika bya banganga nzambe mpe na bisika ya misala minene. == «Mboka ya zomi» mpe dipanda == Posa ya bondeko bonene kati ya bikolo ya Afrika mpe ya [[Europa]] ebandi na mibu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano. Mokano ya kobongisa mibeko elingi kokotisa ekolo Kongó na kati ya mabele ya Belgica. Bato babengi «mboka ya zomi». Mibu mitano na sima ya mobembo monene ya ntoma Baudouin na ekolo Kongó na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na mitano, ekolo Kongó ezwi dipanda. 2476 2005-03-31T10:34:14Z 194.40.129.54 /* Mpona kokóma «ekolo moyindo molakisa nzela» */ Voir aussi [[Ntangó ya banókó]] Wuta mobu koto na kama mwambe na tuku mwambe na minei tii mobu koto na kama mwambe na tuku mwambe na mitano, Conférence de Berlin esangisi bana ya [[Europa]], ya [[America]] mpe ya [[Turkia]] mpona kokamba mibeko mikofungola nzela ya Afrika. Yango epesi mayele na ntoma [[Léopold II]] nakoyebisa mokili mobimba te ebale ya [[Kongó-Kinshasa|Kongó]] eye ekambami na moleki nzela [[Stanley]], ezali mabele mwa ye mpe na lisanga lya ye. Kasi soki na buku ekolo ya Afrika eye eleki na maboko ya mindele elakisi lokola ekolo ya poto, na mibeko mpe na misala ya mbulamatari, solo ezalaki kokambama lokola eloko ya moto moko. == État Indépendant du Congo == Mapango ma ekolo Kongó esalami na bokakoli elongo na mindele miye basilaki kozwa ô kati, mabele manene. Ya solo, likambo lya frontière ya Kongó esengi kotambola ekolo mobimba mpe kokamba bato na bokasi mpe esengaki kozwa bandeko ya miyindo. Bitumba ekotaki kati ya batekisi mino ya nzoku épai moyindo, épai alabo na bakondzi ya miyindo. Bolongi ya léta epesaki na [[Belgica]] esengo enene. Kasi sango ya malamu ya «État Indépendant du Congo» te na Belgica mpe na mboka mopaya. Sango ya monyokoli etali mosala ya ndembo ekomi na mpoto. Ntoma Léopold II atindi bato bya bikolo ndenge na ndenge mpona koyeba likambo liina. Matongi na nzoto ya mopaya ebangisi Belgica elingi kosukisa monyokoli. Yango wana ekolo Belgica, mokolo ya zomi na mitano sanza ya zomi na moko mobu koto na kama libwa na mwambe, ekamati bokondzi na etando ya ekolo État Indépendant du Congo. Na bokambami bwa Belgica, ekolo État Indépendant du Congo ekomi lokola mabele moko na Belgica. Na sima ya manso, bato babosani '''monyokoli''' mpe motungisi na tango ya ntoma Léopold II. Akomi ye moko «mokondzi malamu» mpe ekolo Kongó ekomi «ekolo moyindo ekambi mindele eye ekolakisa nzela». image:cskatangatcongobel1950a.jpg == Mpona kokóma «ekolo moyindo molakisa nzela» == Ekambi miyindo na mindele ekopesa ndakisa, ebongi esala mabe te. Elingaki bokondzi ya botata esimbi Bruxelles mpona bokambi ya miyindo ezala malamu, ekolo emikoka bozwi bwa ye. Kasi etiki na miyindo, manso etali mbulamatari te lokola botei bana ba kelasi, botongi ekolo mpe mosala ya monganga. Bokambi yango ezalaki mpe na makambo ya makasi. Ata mibeko mikokumbisa bikolo ya miyindo miye ekambi ekolo Kongo ya Belgica, mosala ya bokasi ekosila kaka na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku misato. Bakopesa bonyile na bapanzi makita mpe na bisanga bya bato kaka na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na libwa. Na mibu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano, posa ya kotombola ekolo ekopesa makanisi ya ekolo Kongo ndakisa malamu. Na tema ya mabe te, bisika bya ekolo Kongo na emoneli ya mokili mobimba ya mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na mwambe, epesaki maloba ya elikya enene. == Bisika bya bato na mbulamatari == Na kati ya ekolo, '''bisika bya bato na mbulamatari''' ekambamaki na ''gouverneur général'' moye akambi mbulamatari mpe akoyebisa manso epai ya ntoma ya bikolo miyindo na minoko ya bakambi mabele. Bango bakotala misala minso ya léta (bofuti pako, misala ya mabele, misala ya botongi ekolo, bobwaki bosoto, bokati makambo, etc). Misala miina ekambami mpe na bakondzi ya miyindo oyo balatisi palata. Na maloba, mokondzi oyo alati palata aponami mpe akokamba mboka wa ye na ndenge ya bokoko. Kasi solo mpenza, ezalaki kosalama ndenge wana te. Mbulamatari alingaki ekolo ekola ndenge ye alingi, kasi na ndenge ya bokoko te. Mokondzi moyindo oyo aponami mpe alati palata ya mbulamatari, azalaki elembo ya bakondzi ya kala ya miyindo na kati ya mbulamatari. Kasi bakondzi mingi baponamaki mpona bilanda landa bya bango na mibeko ya mbulamatari. == Basango == Mateya etali yezu, ezalaki mosala ya '''basango''', bakatolike mpe na baprotestants. Mbulamatari ya Kongo ya Belgica epesaki bango misala miye etali bosungi bato, misala mya bikela mpe bosali bokono. Na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku minei na sambo, banganga nzambe katolike mpe protestant, bazalaki 21% na mindele bakosala ô ekolo Kongo. Lokola ekolo Kongo mibále balekaki basi, banganga nzambe bapesaki misala mingi na basi ya mindele. == Bambulu-mbulu mpe basoda == Basimbi bokondzi bwa mindele, '''bambulu-mbulu mpe basoda'''. Na ebandeli, basoda ya mindele baye bawuti belgica, scandinavia na [[italia]], etc mpe basoda ya miyindo, bana ya africa ya loboko lwa mwasi, bana ya [[Zanzibar]], bakotika moke-moke esika na basoda ya mboka na bokambami ba Belges. == Minganga == Na sima ya bokono ya mpongi eye ezongaka mbula nyoso, '''minganga''' ya mindele bakosilisa liboso makono ya seko. Wuta mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku misato, bakosalisa bato na bisika bazali mpe bakotambola mboka na mboka; ekobakisama mpe ba lopitalo ya mike mpe ya minene na bisika bya banganga nzambe mpe na bisika ya misala minene. == «Mboka ya zomi» mpe dipanda == Posa ya bondeko bonene kati ya bikolo ya Afrika mpe ya [[Europa]] ebandi na mibu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano. Mokano ya kobongisa mibeko elingi kokotisa ekolo Kongó na kati ya mabele ya Belgica. Bato babengi «mboka ya zomi». Mibu mitano na sima ya mobembo monene ya ntoma Baudouin na ekolo Kongó na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na mitano, ekolo Kongó ezwi dipanda. 2477 2005-03-31T10:35:23Z 194.40.129.54 /* Mpona kokóma «ekolo moyindo molakisa nzela» */ Voir aussi [[Ntangó ya banókó]] Wuta mobu koto na kama mwambe na tuku mwambe na minei tii mobu koto na kama mwambe na tuku mwambe na mitano, Conférence de Berlin esangisi bana ya [[Europa]], ya [[America]] mpe ya [[Turkia]] mpona kokamba mibeko mikofungola nzela ya Afrika. Yango epesi mayele na ntoma [[Léopold II]] nakoyebisa mokili mobimba te ebale ya [[Kongó-Kinshasa|Kongó]] eye ekambami na moleki nzela [[Stanley]], ezali mabele mwa ye mpe na lisanga lya ye. Kasi soki na buku ekolo ya Afrika eye eleki na maboko ya mindele elakisi lokola ekolo ya poto, na mibeko mpe na misala ya mbulamatari, solo ezalaki kokambama lokola eloko ya moto moko. == État Indépendant du Congo == Mapango ma ekolo Kongó esalami na bokakoli elongo na mindele miye basilaki kozwa ô kati, mabele manene. Ya solo, likambo lya frontière ya Kongó esengi kotambola ekolo mobimba mpe kokamba bato na bokasi mpe esengaki kozwa bandeko ya miyindo. Bitumba ekotaki kati ya batekisi mino ya nzoku épai moyindo, épai alabo na bakondzi ya miyindo. Bolongi ya léta epesaki na [[Belgica]] esengo enene. Kasi sango ya malamu ya «État Indépendant du Congo» te na Belgica mpe na mboka mopaya. Sango ya monyokoli etali mosala ya ndembo ekomi na mpoto. Ntoma Léopold II atindi bato bya bikolo ndenge na ndenge mpona koyeba likambo liina. Matongi na nzoto ya mopaya ebangisi Belgica elingi kosukisa monyokoli. Yango wana ekolo Belgica, mokolo ya zomi na mitano sanza ya zomi na moko mobu koto na kama libwa na mwambe, ekamati bokondzi na etando ya ekolo État Indépendant du Congo. Na bokambami bwa Belgica, ekolo État Indépendant du Congo ekomi lokola mabele moko na Belgica. Na sima ya manso, bato babosani '''monyokoli''' mpe motungisi na tango ya ntoma Léopold II. Akomi ye moko «mokondzi malamu» mpe ekolo Kongó ekomi «ekolo moyindo ekambi mindele eye ekolakisa nzela». image:cskatangatcongobel1950a.jpg image:cskatangatcongobel1950a.jpg == Mpona kokóma «ekolo moyindo molakisa nzela» == Ekambi miyindo na mindele ekopesa ndakisa, ebongi esala mabe te. Elingaki bokondzi ya botata esimbi Bruxelles mpona bokambi ya miyindo ezala malamu, ekolo emikoka bozwi bwa ye. Kasi etiki na miyindo, manso etali mbulamatari te lokola botei bana ba kelasi, botongi ekolo mpe mosala ya monganga. Bokambi yango ezalaki mpe na makambo ya makasi. Ata mibeko mikokumbisa bikolo ya miyindo miye ekambi ekolo Kongo ya Belgica, mosala ya bokasi ekosila kaka na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku misato. Bakopesa bonyile na bapanzi makita mpe na bisanga bya bato kaka na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na libwa. Na mibu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano, posa ya kotombola ekolo ekopesa makanisi ya ekolo Kongo ndakisa malamu. Na tema ya mabe te, bisika bya ekolo Kongo na emoneli ya mokili mobimba ya mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na mwambe, epesaki maloba ya elikya enene. == Bisika bya bato na mbulamatari == Na kati ya ekolo, '''bisika bya bato na mbulamatari''' ekambamaki na ''gouverneur général'' moye akambi mbulamatari mpe akoyebisa manso epai ya ntoma ya bikolo miyindo na minoko ya bakambi mabele. Bango bakotala misala minso ya léta (bofuti pako, misala ya mabele, misala ya botongi ekolo, bobwaki bosoto, bokati makambo, etc). Misala miina ekambami mpe na bakondzi ya miyindo oyo balatisi palata. Na maloba, mokondzi oyo alati palata aponami mpe akokamba mboka wa ye na ndenge ya bokoko. Kasi solo mpenza, ezalaki kosalama ndenge wana te. Mbulamatari alingaki ekolo ekola ndenge ye alingi, kasi na ndenge ya bokoko te. Mokondzi moyindo oyo aponami mpe alati palata ya mbulamatari, azalaki elembo ya bakondzi ya kala ya miyindo na kati ya mbulamatari. Kasi bakondzi mingi baponamaki mpona bilanda landa bya bango na mibeko ya mbulamatari. == Basango == Mateya etali yezu, ezalaki mosala ya '''basango''', bakatolike mpe na baprotestants. Mbulamatari ya Kongo ya Belgica epesaki bango misala miye etali bosungi bato, misala mya bikela mpe bosali bokono. Na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku minei na sambo, banganga nzambe katolike mpe protestant, bazalaki 21% na mindele bakosala ô ekolo Kongo. Lokola ekolo Kongo mibále balekaki basi, banganga nzambe bapesaki misala mingi na basi ya mindele. == Bambulu-mbulu mpe basoda == Basimbi bokondzi bwa mindele, '''bambulu-mbulu mpe basoda'''. Na ebandeli, basoda ya mindele baye bawuti belgica, scandinavia na [[italia]], etc mpe basoda ya miyindo, bana ya africa ya loboko lwa mwasi, bana ya [[Zanzibar]], bakotika moke-moke esika na basoda ya mboka na bokambami ba Belges. == Minganga == Na sima ya bokono ya mpongi eye ezongaka mbula nyoso, '''minganga''' ya mindele bakosilisa liboso makono ya seko. Wuta mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku misato, bakosalisa bato na bisika bazali mpe bakotambola mboka na mboka; ekobakisama mpe ba lopitalo ya mike mpe ya minene na bisika bya banganga nzambe mpe na bisika ya misala minene. == «Mboka ya zomi» mpe dipanda == Posa ya bondeko bonene kati ya bikolo ya Afrika mpe ya [[Europa]] ebandi na mibu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano. Mokano ya kobongisa mibeko elingi kokotisa ekolo Kongó na kati ya mabele ya Belgica. Bato babengi «mboka ya zomi». Mibu mitano na sima ya mobembo monene ya ntoma Baudouin na ekolo Kongó na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na mitano, ekolo Kongó ezwi dipanda. 2488 2005-03-31T10:37:25Z Bombo 12 /* Mpona kokóma «ekolo moyindo molakisa nzela» */ Voir aussi [[Ntangó ya banókó]] Wuta mobu koto na kama mwambe na tuku mwambe na minei tii mobu koto na kama mwambe na tuku mwambe na mitano, Conférence de Berlin esangisi bana ya [[Europa]], ya [[America]] mpe ya [[Turkia]] mpona kokamba mibeko mikofungola nzela ya Afrika. Yango epesi mayele na ntoma [[Léopold II]] nakoyebisa mokili mobimba te ebale ya [[Kongó-Kinshasa|Kongó]] eye ekambami na moleki nzela [[Stanley]], ezali mabele mwa ye mpe na lisanga lya ye. Kasi soki na buku ekolo ya Afrika eye eleki na maboko ya mindele elakisi lokola ekolo ya poto, na mibeko mpe na misala ya mbulamatari, solo ezalaki kokambama lokola eloko ya moto moko. == État Indépendant du Congo == Mapango ma ekolo Kongó esalami na bokakoli elongo na mindele miye basilaki kozwa ô kati, mabele manene. Ya solo, likambo lya frontière ya Kongó esengi kotambola ekolo mobimba mpe kokamba bato na bokasi mpe esengaki kozwa bandeko ya miyindo. Bitumba ekotaki kati ya batekisi mino ya nzoku épai moyindo, épai alabo na bakondzi ya miyindo. Bolongi ya léta epesaki na [[Belgica]] esengo enene. Kasi sango ya malamu ya «État Indépendant du Congo» te na Belgica mpe na mboka mopaya. Sango ya monyokoli etali mosala ya ndembo ekomi na mpoto. Ntoma Léopold II atindi bato bya bikolo ndenge na ndenge mpona koyeba likambo liina. Matongi na nzoto ya mopaya ebangisi Belgica elingi kosukisa monyokoli. Yango wana ekolo Belgica, mokolo ya zomi na mitano sanza ya zomi na moko mobu koto na kama libwa na mwambe, ekamati bokondzi na etando ya ekolo État Indépendant du Congo. Na bokambami bwa Belgica, ekolo État Indépendant du Congo ekomi lokola mabele moko na Belgica. Na sima ya manso, bato babosani '''monyokoli''' mpe motungisi na tango ya ntoma Léopold II. Akomi ye moko «mokondzi malamu» mpe ekolo Kongó ekomi «ekolo moyindo ekambi mindele eye ekolakisa nzela». image:cskatangatcongobel1950a.jpg image:cskatangatcongobel1950a.jpg [[Image:cskatangatcongobel1950a.jpg]] == Mpona kokóma «ekolo moyindo molakisa nzela» == Ekambi miyindo na mindele ekopesa ndakisa, ebongi esala mabe te. Elingaki bokondzi ya botata esimbi Bruxelles mpona bokambi ya miyindo ezala malamu, ekolo emikoka bozwi bwa ye. Kasi etiki na miyindo, manso etali mbulamatari te lokola botei bana ba kelasi, botongi ekolo mpe mosala ya monganga. Bokambi yango ezalaki mpe na makambo ya makasi. Ata mibeko mikokumbisa bikolo ya miyindo miye ekambi ekolo Kongo ya Belgica, mosala ya bokasi ekosila kaka na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku misato. Bakopesa bonyile na bapanzi makita mpe na bisanga bya bato kaka na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na libwa. Na mibu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano, posa ya kotombola ekolo ekopesa makanisi ya ekolo Kongo ndakisa malamu. Na tema ya mabe te, bisika bya ekolo Kongo na emoneli ya mokili mobimba ya mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na mwambe, epesaki maloba ya elikya enene. == Bisika bya bato na mbulamatari == Na kati ya ekolo, '''bisika bya bato na mbulamatari''' ekambamaki na ''gouverneur général'' moye akambi mbulamatari mpe akoyebisa manso epai ya ntoma ya bikolo miyindo na minoko ya bakambi mabele. Bango bakotala misala minso ya léta (bofuti pako, misala ya mabele, misala ya botongi ekolo, bobwaki bosoto, bokati makambo, etc). Misala miina ekambami mpe na bakondzi ya miyindo oyo balatisi palata. Na maloba, mokondzi oyo alati palata aponami mpe akokamba mboka wa ye na ndenge ya bokoko. Kasi solo mpenza, ezalaki kosalama ndenge wana te. Mbulamatari alingaki ekolo ekola ndenge ye alingi, kasi na ndenge ya bokoko te. Mokondzi moyindo oyo aponami mpe alati palata ya mbulamatari, azalaki elembo ya bakondzi ya kala ya miyindo na kati ya mbulamatari. Kasi bakondzi mingi baponamaki mpona bilanda landa bya bango na mibeko ya mbulamatari. == Basango == Mateya etali yezu, ezalaki mosala ya '''basango''', bakatolike mpe na baprotestants. Mbulamatari ya Kongo ya Belgica epesaki bango misala miye etali bosungi bato, misala mya bikela mpe bosali bokono. Na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku minei na sambo, banganga nzambe katolike mpe protestant, bazalaki 21% na mindele bakosala ô ekolo Kongo. Lokola ekolo Kongo mibále balekaki basi, banganga nzambe bapesaki misala mingi na basi ya mindele. == Bambulu-mbulu mpe basoda == Basimbi bokondzi bwa mindele, '''bambulu-mbulu mpe basoda'''. Na ebandeli, basoda ya mindele baye bawuti belgica, scandinavia na [[italia]], etc mpe basoda ya miyindo, bana ya africa ya loboko lwa mwasi, bana ya [[Zanzibar]], bakotika moke-moke esika na basoda ya mboka na bokambami ba Belges. == Minganga == Na sima ya bokono ya mpongi eye ezongaka mbula nyoso, '''minganga''' ya mindele bakosilisa liboso makono ya seko. Wuta mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku misato, bakosalisa bato na bisika bazali mpe bakotambola mboka na mboka; ekobakisama mpe ba lopitalo ya mike mpe ya minene na bisika bya banganga nzambe mpe na bisika ya misala minene. == «Mboka ya zomi» mpe dipanda == Posa ya bondeko bonene kati ya bikolo ya Afrika mpe ya [[Europa]] ebandi na mibu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano. Mokano ya kobongisa mibeko elingi kokotisa ekolo Kongó na kati ya mabele ya Belgica. Bato babengi «mboka ya zomi». Mibu mitano na sima ya mobembo monene ya ntoma Baudouin na ekolo Kongó na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na mitano, ekolo Kongó ezwi dipanda. 2489 2005-03-31T11:04:50Z Bombo 12 /* Mpona kokóma «ekolo moyindo molakisa nzela» */ Voir aussi [[Ntangó ya banókó]] Wuta mobu koto na kama mwambe na tuku mwambe na minei tii mobu koto na kama mwambe na tuku mwambe na mitano, Conférence de Berlin esangisi bana ya [[Europa]], ya [[America]] mpe ya [[Turkia]] mpona kokamba mibeko mikofungola nzela ya Afrika. Yango epesi mayele na ntoma [[Léopold II]] nakoyebisa mokili mobimba te ebale ya [[Kongó-Kinshasa|Kongó]] eye ekambami na moleki nzela [[Stanley]], ezali mabele mwa ye mpe na lisanga lya ye. Kasi soki na buku ekolo ya Afrika eye eleki na maboko ya mindele elakisi lokola ekolo ya poto, na mibeko mpe na misala ya mbulamatari, solo ezalaki kokambama lokola eloko ya moto moko. == État Indépendant du Congo == Mapango ma ekolo Kongó esalami na bokakoli elongo na mindele miye basilaki kozwa ô kati, mabele manene. Ya solo, likambo lya frontière ya Kongó esengi kotambola ekolo mobimba mpe kokamba bato na bokasi mpe esengaki kozwa bandeko ya miyindo. Bitumba ekotaki kati ya batekisi mino ya nzoku épai moyindo, épai alabo na bakondzi ya miyindo. Bolongi ya léta epesaki na [[Belgica]] esengo enene. Kasi sango ya malamu ya «État Indépendant du Congo» te na Belgica mpe na mboka mopaya. Sango ya monyokoli etali mosala ya ndembo ekomi na mpoto. Ntoma Léopold II atindi bato bya bikolo ndenge na ndenge mpona koyeba likambo liina. Matongi na nzoto ya mopaya ebangisi Belgica elingi kosukisa monyokoli. Yango wana ekolo Belgica, mokolo ya zomi na mitano sanza ya zomi na moko mobu koto na kama libwa na mwambe, ekamati bokondzi na etando ya ekolo État Indépendant du Congo. Na bokambami bwa Belgica, ekolo État Indépendant du Congo ekomi lokola mabele moko na Belgica. Na sima ya manso, bato babosani '''monyokoli''' mpe motungisi na tango ya ntoma Léopold II. Akomi ye moko «mokondzi malamu» mpe ekolo Kongó ekomi «ekolo moyindo ekambi mindele eye ekolakisa nzela». image:cskatangatcongobel1950a.jpg image:cskatangatcongobel1950a.jpg [[Image:cskatangatcongobel1950a.jpg]] == Mpona kokóma «ekolo moyindo molakisa nzela» == [[Image:CSKatangaTCongoBel1950a.jpg]] Ekambi miyindo na mindele ekopesa ndakisa, ebongi esala mabe te. Elingaki bokondzi ya botata esimbi Bruxelles mpona bokambi ya miyindo ezala malamu, ekolo emikoka bozwi bwa ye. Kasi etiki na miyindo, manso etali mbulamatari te lokola botei bana ba kelasi, botongi ekolo mpe mosala ya monganga. Bokambi yango ezalaki mpe na makambo ya makasi. Ata mibeko mikokumbisa bikolo ya miyindo miye ekambi ekolo Kongo ya Belgica, mosala ya bokasi ekosila kaka na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku misato. Bakopesa bonyile na bapanzi makita mpe na bisanga bya bato kaka na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na libwa. Na mibu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano, posa ya kotombola ekolo ekopesa makanisi ya ekolo Kongo ndakisa malamu. Na tema ya mabe te, bisika bya ekolo Kongo na emoneli ya mokili mobimba ya mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na mwambe, epesaki maloba ya elikya enene. == Bisika bya bato na mbulamatari == Na kati ya ekolo, '''bisika bya bato na mbulamatari''' ekambamaki na ''gouverneur général'' moye akambi mbulamatari mpe akoyebisa manso epai ya ntoma ya bikolo miyindo na minoko ya bakambi mabele. Bango bakotala misala minso ya léta (bofuti pako, misala ya mabele, misala ya botongi ekolo, bobwaki bosoto, bokati makambo, etc). Misala miina ekambami mpe na bakondzi ya miyindo oyo balatisi palata. Na maloba, mokondzi oyo alati palata aponami mpe akokamba mboka wa ye na ndenge ya bokoko. Kasi solo mpenza, ezalaki kosalama ndenge wana te. Mbulamatari alingaki ekolo ekola ndenge ye alingi, kasi na ndenge ya bokoko te. Mokondzi moyindo oyo aponami mpe alati palata ya mbulamatari, azalaki elembo ya bakondzi ya kala ya miyindo na kati ya mbulamatari. Kasi bakondzi mingi baponamaki mpona bilanda landa bya bango na mibeko ya mbulamatari. == Basango == Mateya etali yezu, ezalaki mosala ya '''basango''', bakatolike mpe na baprotestants. Mbulamatari ya Kongo ya Belgica epesaki bango misala miye etali bosungi bato, misala mya bikela mpe bosali bokono. Na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku minei na sambo, banganga nzambe katolike mpe protestant, bazalaki 21% na mindele bakosala ô ekolo Kongo. Lokola ekolo Kongo mibále balekaki basi, banganga nzambe bapesaki misala mingi na basi ya mindele. == Bambulu-mbulu mpe basoda == Basimbi bokondzi bwa mindele, '''bambulu-mbulu mpe basoda'''. Na ebandeli, basoda ya mindele baye bawuti belgica, scandinavia na [[italia]], etc mpe basoda ya miyindo, bana ya africa ya loboko lwa mwasi, bana ya [[Zanzibar]], bakotika moke-moke esika na basoda ya mboka na bokambami ba Belges. == Minganga == Na sima ya bokono ya mpongi eye ezongaka mbula nyoso, '''minganga''' ya mindele bakosilisa liboso makono ya seko. Wuta mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku misato, bakosalisa bato na bisika bazali mpe bakotambola mboka na mboka; ekobakisama mpe ba lopitalo ya mike mpe ya minene na bisika bya banganga nzambe mpe na bisika ya misala minene. == «Mboka ya zomi» mpe dipanda == Posa ya bondeko bonene kati ya bikolo ya Afrika mpe ya [[Europa]] ebandi na mibu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano. Mokano ya kobongisa mibeko elingi kokotisa ekolo Kongó na kati ya mabele ya Belgica. Bato babengi «mboka ya zomi». Mibu mitano na sima ya mobembo monene ya ntoma Baudouin na ekolo Kongó na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na mitano, ekolo Kongó ezwi dipanda. 2490 2005-03-31T11:21:22Z Bombo 12 Voir aussi [[Ntangó ya banókó]] Wuta mobu koto na kama mwambe na tuku mwambe na minei tii mobu koto na kama mwambe na tuku mwambe na mitano, Conférence de Berlin esangisi bana ya [[Europa]], ya [[America]] mpe ya [[Turkia]] mpona kokamba mibeko mikofungola nzela ya Afrika. Yango epesi mayele na ntoma [[Léopold II]] nakoyebisa mokili mobimba te ebale ya [[Kongó-Kinshasa|Kongó]] eye ekambami na moleki nzela [[Stanley]], ezali mabele mwa ye mpe na lisanga lya ye. Kasi soki na buku ekolo ya Afrika eye eleki na maboko ya mindele elakisi lokola ekolo ya poto, na mibeko mpe na misala ya mbulamatari, solo ezalaki kokambama lokola eloko ya moto moko. == État Indépendant du Congo == Mapango ma ekolo Kongó esalami na bokakoli elongo na mindele miye basilaki kozwa ô kati, mabele manene. Ya solo, likambo lya frontière ya Kongó esengi kotambola ekolo mobimba mpe kokamba bato na bokasi mpe esengaki kozwa bandeko ya miyindo. Bitumba ekotaki kati ya batekisi mino ya nzoku épai moyindo, épai alabo na bakondzi ya miyindo. Bolongi ya léta epesaki na [[Belgica]] esengo enene. Kasi sango ya malamu ya «État Indépendant du Congo» te na Belgica mpe na mboka mopaya. Sango ya monyokoli etali mosala ya ndembo ekomi na mpoto. Ntoma Léopold II atindi bato bya bikolo ndenge na ndenge mpona koyeba likambo liina. Matongi na nzoto ya mopaya ebangisi Belgica elingi kosukisa monyokoli. Yango wana ekolo Belgica, mokolo ya zomi na mitano sanza ya zomi na moko mobu koto na kama libwa na mwambe, ekamati bokondzi na etando ya ekolo État Indépendant du Congo. Na bokambami bwa Belgica, ekolo État Indépendant du Congo ekomi lokola mabele moko na Belgica. Na sima ya manso, bato babosani '''monyokoli''' mpe motungisi na tango ya ntoma Léopold II. Akomi ye moko «mokondzi malamu» mpe ekolo Kongó ekomi «ekolo moyindo ekambi mindele eye ekolakisa nzela». == Mpona kokóma «ekolo moyindo molakisa nzela» == [[Image:CSKatangaTCongoBel1950a.jpg|thumb|right|description]] Ekambi miyindo na mindele ekopesa ndakisa, ebongi esala mabe te. Elingaki bokondzi ya botata esimbi Bruxelles mpona bokambi ya miyindo ezala malamu, ekolo emikoka bozwi bwa ye. Kasi etiki na miyindo, manso etali mbulamatari te lokola botei bana ba kelasi, botongi ekolo mpe mosala ya monganga. Bokambi yango ezalaki mpe na makambo ya makasi. Ata mibeko mikokumbisa bikolo ya miyindo miye ekambi ekolo Kongo ya Belgica, mosala ya bokasi ekosila kaka na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku misato. Bakopesa bonyile na bapanzi makita mpe na bisanga bya bato kaka na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na libwa. Na mibu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano, posa ya kotombola ekolo ekopesa makanisi ya ekolo Kongo ndakisa malamu. Na tema ya mabe te, bisika bya ekolo Kongo na emoneli ya mokili mobimba ya mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na mwambe, epesaki maloba ya elikya enene. == Bisika bya bato na mbulamatari == Na kati ya ekolo, '''bisika bya bato na mbulamatari''' ekambamaki na ''gouverneur général'' moye akambi mbulamatari mpe akoyebisa manso epai ya ntoma ya bikolo miyindo na minoko ya bakambi mabele. Bango bakotala misala minso ya léta (bofuti pako, misala ya mabele, misala ya botongi ekolo, bobwaki bosoto, bokati makambo, etc). Misala miina ekambami mpe na bakondzi ya miyindo oyo balatisi palata. Na maloba, mokondzi oyo alati palata aponami mpe akokamba mboka wa ye na ndenge ya bokoko. Kasi solo mpenza, ezalaki kosalama ndenge wana te. Mbulamatari alingaki ekolo ekola ndenge ye alingi, kasi na ndenge ya bokoko te. Mokondzi moyindo oyo aponami mpe alati palata ya mbulamatari, azalaki elembo ya bakondzi ya kala ya miyindo na kati ya mbulamatari. Kasi bakondzi mingi baponamaki mpona bilanda landa bya bango na mibeko ya mbulamatari. == Basango == Mateya etali yezu, ezalaki mosala ya '''basango''', bakatolike mpe na baprotestants. Mbulamatari ya Kongo ya Belgica epesaki bango misala miye etali bosungi bato, misala mya bikela mpe bosali bokono. Na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku minei na sambo, banganga nzambe katolike mpe protestant, bazalaki 21% na mindele bakosala ô ekolo Kongo. Lokola ekolo Kongo mibále balekaki basi, banganga nzambe bapesaki misala mingi na basi ya mindele. == Bambulu-mbulu mpe basoda == Basimbi bokondzi bwa mindele, '''bambulu-mbulu mpe basoda'''. Na ebandeli, basoda ya mindele baye bawuti belgica, scandinavia na [[italia]], etc mpe basoda ya miyindo, bana ya africa ya loboko lwa mwasi, bana ya [[Zanzibar]], bakotika moke-moke esika na basoda ya mboka na bokambami ba Belges. == Minganga == Na sima ya bokono ya mpongi eye ezongaka mbula nyoso, '''minganga''' ya mindele bakosilisa liboso makono ya seko. Wuta mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku misato, bakosalisa bato na bisika bazali mpe bakotambola mboka na mboka; ekobakisama mpe ba lopitalo ya mike mpe ya minene na bisika bya banganga nzambe mpe na bisika ya misala minene. == «Mboka ya zomi» mpe dipanda == Posa ya bondeko bonene kati ya bikolo ya Afrika mpe ya [[Europa]] ebandi na mibu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano. Mokano ya kobongisa mibeko elingi kokotisa ekolo Kongó na kati ya mabele ya Belgica. Bato babengi «mboka ya zomi». Mibu mitano na sima ya mobembo monene ya ntoma Baudouin na ekolo Kongó na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na mitano, ekolo Kongó ezwi dipanda. 2491 2005-03-31T11:24:05Z Bombo 12 [[Image:CSKatangaTCongoBel1950a.jpg|thumb|right|description]] Voir aussi [[Ntangó ya banókó]] Wuta mobu koto na kama mwambe na tuku mwambe na minei tii mobu koto na kama mwambe na tuku mwambe na mitano, Conférence de Berlin esangisi bana ya [[Europa]], ya [[America]] mpe ya [[Turkia]] mpona kokamba mibeko mikofungola nzela ya Afrika. Yango epesi mayele na ntoma [[Léopold II]] nakoyebisa mokili mobimba te ebale ya [[Kongó-Kinshasa|Kongó]] eye ekambami na moleki nzela [[Stanley]], ezali mabele mwa ye mpe na lisanga lya ye. Kasi soki na buku ekolo ya Afrika eye eleki na maboko ya mindele elakisi lokola ekolo ya poto, na mibeko mpe na misala ya mbulamatari, solo ezalaki kokambama lokola eloko ya moto moko. == État Indépendant du Congo == Mapango ma ekolo Kongó esalami na bokakoli elongo na mindele miye basilaki kozwa ô kati, mabele manene. Ya solo, likambo lya frontière ya Kongó esengi kotambola ekolo mobimba mpe kokamba bato na bokasi mpe esengaki kozwa bandeko ya miyindo. Bitumba ekotaki kati ya batekisi mino ya nzoku épai moyindo, épai alabo na bakondzi ya miyindo. Bolongi ya léta epesaki na [[Belgica]] esengo enene. Kasi sango ya malamu ya «État Indépendant du Congo» te na Belgica mpe na mboka mopaya. Sango ya monyokoli etali mosala ya ndembo ekomi na mpoto. Ntoma Léopold II atindi bato bya bikolo ndenge na ndenge mpona koyeba likambo liina. Matongi na nzoto ya mopaya ebangisi Belgica elingi kosukisa monyokoli. Yango wana ekolo Belgica, mokolo ya zomi na mitano sanza ya zomi na moko mobu koto na kama libwa na mwambe, ekamati bokondzi na etando ya ekolo État Indépendant du Congo. Na bokambami bwa Belgica, ekolo État Indépendant du Congo ekomi lokola mabele moko na Belgica. Na sima ya manso, bato babosani '''monyokoli''' mpe motungisi na tango ya ntoma Léopold II. Akomi ye moko «mokondzi malamu» mpe ekolo Kongó ekomi «ekolo moyindo ekambi mindele eye ekolakisa nzela». == Mpona kokóma «ekolo moyindo molakisa nzela» == Ekambi miyindo na mindele ekopesa ndakisa, ebongi esala mabe te. Elingaki bokondzi ya botata esimbi Bruxelles mpona bokambi ya miyindo ezala malamu, ekolo emikoka bozwi bwa ye. Kasi etiki na miyindo, manso etali mbulamatari te lokola botei bana ba kelasi, botongi ekolo mpe mosala ya monganga. Bokambi yango ezalaki mpe na makambo ya makasi. Ata mibeko mikokumbisa bikolo ya miyindo miye ekambi ekolo Kongo ya Belgica, mosala ya bokasi ekosila kaka na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku misato. Bakopesa bonyile na bapanzi makita mpe na bisanga bya bato kaka na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na libwa. Na mibu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano, posa ya kotombola ekolo ekopesa makanisi ya ekolo Kongo ndakisa malamu. Na tema ya mabe te, bisika bya ekolo Kongo na emoneli ya mokili mobimba ya mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na mwambe, epesaki maloba ya elikya enene. == Bisika bya bato na mbulamatari == Na kati ya ekolo, '''bisika bya bato na mbulamatari''' ekambamaki na ''gouverneur général'' moye akambi mbulamatari mpe akoyebisa manso epai ya ntoma ya bikolo miyindo na minoko ya bakambi mabele. Bango bakotala misala minso ya léta (bofuti pako, misala ya mabele, misala ya botongi ekolo, bobwaki bosoto, bokati makambo, etc). Misala miina ekambami mpe na bakondzi ya miyindo oyo balatisi palata. Na maloba, mokondzi oyo alati palata aponami mpe akokamba mboka wa ye na ndenge ya bokoko. Kasi solo mpenza, ezalaki kosalama ndenge wana te. Mbulamatari alingaki ekolo ekola ndenge ye alingi, kasi na ndenge ya bokoko te. Mokondzi moyindo oyo aponami mpe alati palata ya mbulamatari, azalaki elembo ya bakondzi ya kala ya miyindo na kati ya mbulamatari. Kasi bakondzi mingi baponamaki mpona bilanda landa bya bango na mibeko ya mbulamatari. == Basango == Mateya etali yezu, ezalaki mosala ya '''basango''', bakatolike mpe na baprotestants. Mbulamatari ya Kongo ya Belgica epesaki bango misala miye etali bosungi bato, misala mya bikela mpe bosali bokono. Na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku minei na sambo, banganga nzambe katolike mpe protestant, bazalaki 21% na mindele bakosala ô ekolo Kongo. Lokola ekolo Kongo mibále balekaki basi, banganga nzambe bapesaki misala mingi na basi ya mindele. == Bambulu-mbulu mpe basoda == Basimbi bokondzi bwa mindele, '''bambulu-mbulu mpe basoda'''. Na ebandeli, basoda ya mindele baye bawuti belgica, scandinavia na [[italia]], etc mpe basoda ya miyindo, bana ya africa ya loboko lwa mwasi, bana ya [[Zanzibar]], bakotika moke-moke esika na basoda ya mboka na bokambami ba Belges. == Minganga == Na sima ya bokono ya mpongi eye ezongaka mbula nyoso, '''minganga''' ya mindele bakosilisa liboso makono ya seko. Wuta mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku misato, bakosalisa bato na bisika bazali mpe bakotambola mboka na mboka; ekobakisama mpe ba lopitalo ya mike mpe ya minene na bisika bya banganga nzambe mpe na bisika ya misala minene. == «Mboka ya zomi» mpe dipanda == Posa ya bondeko bonene kati ya bikolo ya Afrika mpe ya [[Europa]] ebandi na mibu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano. Mokano ya kobongisa mibeko elingi kokotisa ekolo Kongó na kati ya mabele ya Belgica. Bato babengi «mboka ya zomi». Mibu mitano na sima ya mobembo monene ya ntoma Baudouin na ekolo Kongó na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na mitano, ekolo Kongó ezwi dipanda. 2643 2005-03-31T11:26:08Z Bombo 12 [[Image:CSKatangaTCongoBel1950a.jpg|thumb|right|Kongó ya Belgica, 1950]] Voir aussi [[Ntangó ya banókó]] Wuta mobu koto na kama mwambe na tuku mwambe na minei tii mobu koto na kama mwambe na tuku mwambe na mitano, Conférence de Berlin esangisi bana ya [[Europa]], ya [[America]] mpe ya [[Turkia]] mpona kokamba mibeko mikofungola nzela ya Afrika. Yango epesi mayele na ntoma [[Léopold II]] nakoyebisa mokili mobimba te ebale ya [[Kongó-Kinshasa|Kongó]] eye ekambami na moleki nzela [[Stanley]], ezali mabele mwa ye mpe na lisanga lya ye. Kasi soki na buku ekolo ya Afrika eye eleki na maboko ya mindele elakisi lokola ekolo ya poto, na mibeko mpe na misala ya mbulamatari, solo ezalaki kokambama lokola eloko ya moto moko. == État Indépendant du Congo == Mapango ma ekolo Kongó esalami na bokakoli elongo na mindele miye basilaki kozwa ô kati, mabele manene. Ya solo, likambo lya frontière ya Kongó esengi kotambola ekolo mobimba mpe kokamba bato na bokasi mpe esengaki kozwa bandeko ya miyindo. Bitumba ekotaki kati ya batekisi mino ya nzoku épai moyindo, épai alabo na bakondzi ya miyindo. Bolongi ya léta epesaki na [[Belgica]] esengo enene. Kasi sango ya malamu ya «État Indépendant du Congo» te na Belgica mpe na mboka mopaya. Sango ya monyokoli etali mosala ya ndembo ekomi na mpoto. Ntoma Léopold II atindi bato bya bikolo ndenge na ndenge mpona koyeba likambo liina. Matongi na nzoto ya mopaya ebangisi Belgica elingi kosukisa monyokoli. Yango wana ekolo Belgica, mokolo ya zomi na mitano sanza ya zomi na moko mobu koto na kama libwa na mwambe, ekamati bokondzi na etando ya ekolo État Indépendant du Congo. Na bokambami bwa Belgica, ekolo État Indépendant du Congo ekomi lokola mabele moko na Belgica. Na sima ya manso, bato babosani '''monyokoli''' mpe motungisi na tango ya ntoma Léopold II. Akomi ye moko «mokondzi malamu» mpe ekolo Kongó ekomi «ekolo moyindo ekambi mindele eye ekolakisa nzela». == Mpona kokóma «ekolo moyindo molakisa nzela» == Ekambi miyindo na mindele ekopesa ndakisa, ebongi esala mabe te. Elingaki bokondzi ya botata esimbi Bruxelles mpona bokambi ya miyindo ezala malamu, ekolo emikoka bozwi bwa ye. Kasi etiki na miyindo, manso etali mbulamatari te lokola botei bana ba kelasi, botongi ekolo mpe mosala ya monganga. Bokambi yango ezalaki mpe na makambo ya makasi. Ata mibeko mikokumbisa bikolo ya miyindo miye ekambi ekolo '''Kongó ya Belgica''', mosala ya bokasi ekosila kaka na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku misato. Bakopesa bonyile na bapanzi makita mpe na bisanga bya bato kaka na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na libwa. Na mibu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano, posa ya kotombola ekolo ekopesa makanisi ya ekolo Kongo ndakisa malamu. Na tema ya mabe te, bisika bya ekolo Kongo na emoneli ya mokili mobimba ya mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na mwambe, epesaki maloba ya elikya enene. == Bisika bya bato na mbulamatari == Na kati ya ekolo, '''bisika bya bato na mbulamatari''' ekambamaki na ''gouverneur général'' moye akambi mbulamatari mpe akoyebisa manso epai ya ntoma ya bikolo miyindo na minoko ya bakambi mabele. Bango bakotala misala minso ya léta (bofuti pako, misala ya mabele, misala ya botongi ekolo, bobwaki bosoto, bokati makambo, etc). Misala miina ekambami mpe na bakondzi ya miyindo oyo balatisi palata. Na maloba, mokondzi oyo alati palata aponami mpe akokamba mboka wa ye na ndenge ya bokoko. Kasi solo mpenza, ezalaki kosalama ndenge wana te. Mbulamatari alingaki ekolo ekola ndenge ye alingi, kasi na ndenge ya bokoko te. Mokondzi moyindo oyo aponami mpe alati palata ya mbulamatari, azalaki elembo ya bakondzi ya kala ya miyindo na kati ya mbulamatari. Kasi bakondzi mingi baponamaki mpona bilanda landa bya bango na mibeko ya mbulamatari. == Basango == Mateya etali yezu, ezalaki mosala ya '''basango''', bakatolike mpe na baprotestants. Mbulamatari ya Kongo ya Belgica epesaki bango misala miye etali bosungi bato, misala mya bikela mpe bosali bokono. Na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku minei na sambo, banganga nzambe katolike mpe protestant, bazalaki 21% na mindele bakosala ô ekolo Kongo. Lokola ekolo Kongo mibále balekaki basi, banganga nzambe bapesaki misala mingi na basi ya mindele. == Bambulu-mbulu mpe basoda == Basimbi bokondzi bwa mindele, '''bambulu-mbulu mpe basoda'''. Na ebandeli, basoda ya mindele baye bawuti belgica, scandinavia na [[italia]], etc mpe basoda ya miyindo, bana ya africa ya loboko lwa mwasi, bana ya [[Zanzibar]], bakotika moke-moke esika na basoda ya mboka na bokambami ba Belges. == Minganga == Na sima ya bokono ya mpongi eye ezongaka mbula nyoso, '''minganga''' ya mindele bakosilisa liboso makono ya seko. Wuta mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku misato, bakosalisa bato na bisika bazali mpe bakotambola mboka na mboka; ekobakisama mpe ba lopitalo ya mike mpe ya minene na bisika bya banganga nzambe mpe na bisika ya misala minene. == «Mboka ya zomi» mpe dipanda == Posa ya bondeko bonene kati ya bikolo ya Afrika mpe ya [[Europa]] ebandi na mibu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano. Mokano ya kobongisa mibeko elingi kokotisa ekolo Kongó na kati ya mabele ya Belgica. Bato babengi «mboka ya zomi». Mibu mitano na sima ya mobembo monene ya ntoma Baudouin na ekolo Kongó na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na mitano, ekolo Kongó ezwi dipanda. 4663 2005-05-11T04:31:43Z Moyogo 11 banókó -> banɔ́kɔ́ [[Image:CSKatangaTCongoBel1950a.jpg|thumb|right|Kongó ya Belgica, 1950]] Voir aussi [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́]] Wuta mobu koto na kama mwambe na tuku mwambe na minei tii mobu koto na kama mwambe na tuku mwambe na mitano, Conférence de Berlin esangisi bana ya [[Europa]], ya [[America]] mpe ya [[Turkia]] mpona kokamba mibeko mikofungola nzela ya Afrika. Yango epesi mayele na ntoma [[Léopold II]] nakoyebisa mokili mobimba te ebale ya [[Kongó-Kinshasa|Kongó]] eye ekambami na moleki nzela [[Stanley]], ezali mabele mwa ye mpe na lisanga lya ye. Kasi soki na buku ekolo ya Afrika eye eleki na maboko ya mindele elakisi lokola ekolo ya poto, na mibeko mpe na misala ya mbulamatari, solo ezalaki kokambama lokola eloko ya moto moko. == État Indépendant du Congo == Mapango ma ekolo Kongó esalami na bokakoli elongo na mindele miye basilaki kozwa ô kati, mabele manene. Ya solo, likambo lya frontière ya Kongó esengi kotambola ekolo mobimba mpe kokamba bato na bokasi mpe esengaki kozwa bandeko ya miyindo. Bitumba ekotaki kati ya batekisi mino ya nzoku épai moyindo, épai alabo na bakondzi ya miyindo. Bolongi ya léta epesaki na [[Belgica]] esengo enene. Kasi sango ya malamu ya «État Indépendant du Congo» te na Belgica mpe na mboka mopaya. Sango ya monyokoli etali mosala ya ndembo ekomi na mpoto. Ntoma Léopold II atindi bato bya bikolo ndenge na ndenge mpona koyeba likambo liina. Matongi na nzoto ya mopaya ebangisi Belgica elingi kosukisa monyokoli. Yango wana ekolo Belgica, mokolo ya zomi na mitano sanza ya zomi na moko mobu koto na kama libwa na mwambe, ekamati bokondzi na etando ya ekolo État Indépendant du Congo. Na bokambami bwa Belgica, ekolo État Indépendant du Congo ekomi lokola mabele moko na Belgica. Na sima ya manso, bato babosani '''monyokoli''' mpe motungisi na tango ya ntoma Léopold II. Akomi ye moko «mokondzi malamu» mpe ekolo Kongó ekomi «ekolo moyindo ekambi mindele eye ekolakisa nzela». == Mpona kokóma «ekolo moyindo molakisa nzela» == Ekambi miyindo na mindele ekopesa ndakisa, ebongi esala mabe te. Elingaki bokondzi ya botata esimbi Bruxelles mpona bokambi ya miyindo ezala malamu, ekolo emikoka bozwi bwa ye. Kasi etiki na miyindo, manso etali mbulamatari te lokola botei bana ba kelasi, botongi ekolo mpe mosala ya monganga. Bokambi yango ezalaki mpe na makambo ya makasi. Ata mibeko mikokumbisa bikolo ya miyindo miye ekambi ekolo '''Kongó ya Belgica''', mosala ya bokasi ekosila kaka na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku misato. Bakopesa bonyile na bapanzi makita mpe na bisanga bya bato kaka na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na libwa. Na mibu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano, posa ya kotombola ekolo ekopesa makanisi ya ekolo Kongo ndakisa malamu. Na tema ya mabe te, bisika bya ekolo Kongo na emoneli ya mokili mobimba ya mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na mwambe, epesaki maloba ya elikya enene. == Bisika bya bato na mbulamatari == Na kati ya ekolo, '''bisika bya bato na mbulamatari''' ekambamaki na ''gouverneur général'' moye akambi mbulamatari mpe akoyebisa manso epai ya ntoma ya bikolo miyindo na minoko ya bakambi mabele. Bango bakotala misala minso ya léta (bofuti pako, misala ya mabele, misala ya botongi ekolo, bobwaki bosoto, bokati makambo, etc). Misala miina ekambami mpe na bakondzi ya miyindo oyo balatisi palata. Na maloba, mokondzi oyo alati palata aponami mpe akokamba mboka wa ye na ndenge ya bokoko. Kasi solo mpenza, ezalaki kosalama ndenge wana te. Mbulamatari alingaki ekolo ekola ndenge ye alingi, kasi na ndenge ya bokoko te. Mokondzi moyindo oyo aponami mpe alati palata ya mbulamatari, azalaki elembo ya bakondzi ya kala ya miyindo na kati ya mbulamatari. Kasi bakondzi mingi baponamaki mpona bilanda landa bya bango na mibeko ya mbulamatari. == Basango == Mateya etali yezu, ezalaki mosala ya '''basango''', bakatolike mpe na baprotestants. Mbulamatari ya Kongo ya Belgica epesaki bango misala miye etali bosungi bato, misala mya bikela mpe bosali bokono. Na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku minei na sambo, banganga nzambe katolike mpe protestant, bazalaki 21% na mindele bakosala ô ekolo Kongo. Lokola ekolo Kongo mibále balekaki basi, banganga nzambe bapesaki misala mingi na basi ya mindele. == Bambulu-mbulu mpe basoda == Basimbi bokondzi bwa mindele, '''bambulu-mbulu mpe basoda'''. Na ebandeli, basoda ya mindele baye bawuti belgica, scandinavia na [[italia]], etc mpe basoda ya miyindo, bana ya africa ya loboko lwa mwasi, bana ya [[Zanzibar]], bakotika moke-moke esika na basoda ya mboka na bokambami ba Belges. == Minganga == Na sima ya bokono ya mpongi eye ezongaka mbula nyoso, '''minganga''' ya mindele bakosilisa liboso makono ya seko. Wuta mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku misato, bakosalisa bato na bisika bazali mpe bakotambola mboka na mboka; ekobakisama mpe ba lopitalo ya mike mpe ya minene na bisika bya banganga nzambe mpe na bisika ya misala minene. == «Mboka ya zomi» mpe dipanda == Posa ya bondeko bonene kati ya bikolo ya Afrika mpe ya [[Europa]] ebandi na mibu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano. Mokano ya kobongisa mibeko elingi kokotisa ekolo Kongó na kati ya mabele ya Belgica. Bato babengi «mboka ya zomi». Mibu mitano na sima ya mobembo monene ya ntoma Baudouin na ekolo Kongó na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na mitano, ekolo Kongó ezwi dipanda. 5338 2005-07-18T00:14:34Z Themalau 22 /* État Indépendant du Congo */ [[Image:CSKatangaTCongoBel1950a.jpg|thumb|right|Kongó ya Belgica, 1950]] Voir aussi [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́]] Wuta mobu koto na kama mwambe na tuku mwambe na minei tii mobu koto na kama mwambe na tuku mwambe na mitano, Conférence de Berlin esangisi bana ya [[Europa]], ya [[America]] mpe ya [[Turkia]] mpona kokamba mibeko mikofungola nzela ya Afrika. Yango epesi mayele na ntoma [[Léopold II]] nakoyebisa mokili mobimba te ebale ya [[Kongó-Kinshasa|Kongó]] eye ekambami na moleki nzela [[Stanley]], ezali mabele mwa ye mpe na lisanga lya ye. Kasi soki na buku ekolo ya Afrika eye eleki na maboko ya mindele elakisi lokola ekolo ya poto, na mibeko mpe na misala ya mbulamatari, solo ezalaki kokambama lokola eloko ya moto moko. == État Indépendant du Congo (Ekolo ya Bonsomi ya Kongo)== Mapango ma ekolo Kongó esalami na bokakoli elongo na mindele miye basilaki kozwa ô kati, mabele manene. Ya solo, likambo lya frontière ya Kongó esengi kotambola ekolo mobimba mpe kokamba bato na bokasi mpe esengaki kozwa bandeko ya miyindo. Bitumba ekotaki kati ya batekisi mino ya nzoku épai moyindo, épai alabo na bakondzi ya miyindo. Bolongi ya léta epesaki na [[Belgica]] esengo enene. Kasi sango ya malamu ya «État Indépendant du Congo» (to pe "Ekolo ya Bonsomi ya Kongo")te na Belgica mpe na mboka mopaya. Sango ya monyokoli etali mosala ya ndembo ekomi na mpoto. Ntoma Léopold II atindi bato bya bikolo ndenge na ndenge mpona koyeba likambo liina. Matongi na nzoto ya mopaya ebangisi Belgica elingi kosukisa monyokoli. Yango wana ekolo Belgica, mokolo ya zomi na mitano sanza ya zomi na moko mobu koto na kama libwa na mwambe, ekamati bokondzi na etando ya ekolo État Indépendant du Congo. Na bokambami bwa Belgica, ekolo État Indépendant du Congo ekomi lokola mabele moko na Belgica. Na sima ya manso, bato babosani '''monyokoli''' mpe motungisi na tango ya ntoma Léopold II. Akomi ye moko «mokondzi malamu» mpe ekolo Kongó ekomi «ekolo moyindo ekambi mindele eye ekolakisa nzela». == Mpona kokóma «ekolo moyindo molakisa nzela» == Ekambi miyindo na mindele ekopesa ndakisa, ebongi esala mabe te. Elingaki bokondzi ya botata esimbi Bruxelles mpona bokambi ya miyindo ezala malamu, ekolo emikoka bozwi bwa ye. Kasi etiki na miyindo, manso etali mbulamatari te lokola botei bana ba kelasi, botongi ekolo mpe mosala ya monganga. Bokambi yango ezalaki mpe na makambo ya makasi. Ata mibeko mikokumbisa bikolo ya miyindo miye ekambi ekolo '''Kongó ya Belgica''', mosala ya bokasi ekosila kaka na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku misato. Bakopesa bonyile na bapanzi makita mpe na bisanga bya bato kaka na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na libwa. Na mibu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano, posa ya kotombola ekolo ekopesa makanisi ya ekolo Kongo ndakisa malamu. Na tema ya mabe te, bisika bya ekolo Kongo na emoneli ya mokili mobimba ya mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na mwambe, epesaki maloba ya elikya enene. == Bisika bya bato na mbulamatari == Na kati ya ekolo, '''bisika bya bato na mbulamatari''' ekambamaki na ''gouverneur général'' moye akambi mbulamatari mpe akoyebisa manso epai ya ntoma ya bikolo miyindo na minoko ya bakambi mabele. Bango bakotala misala minso ya léta (bofuti pako, misala ya mabele, misala ya botongi ekolo, bobwaki bosoto, bokati makambo, etc). Misala miina ekambami mpe na bakondzi ya miyindo oyo balatisi palata. Na maloba, mokondzi oyo alati palata aponami mpe akokamba mboka wa ye na ndenge ya bokoko. Kasi solo mpenza, ezalaki kosalama ndenge wana te. Mbulamatari alingaki ekolo ekola ndenge ye alingi, kasi na ndenge ya bokoko te. Mokondzi moyindo oyo aponami mpe alati palata ya mbulamatari, azalaki elembo ya bakondzi ya kala ya miyindo na kati ya mbulamatari. Kasi bakondzi mingi baponamaki mpona bilanda landa bya bango na mibeko ya mbulamatari. == Basango == Mateya etali yezu, ezalaki mosala ya '''basango''', bakatolike mpe na baprotestants. Mbulamatari ya Kongo ya Belgica epesaki bango misala miye etali bosungi bato, misala mya bikela mpe bosali bokono. Na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku minei na sambo, banganga nzambe katolike mpe protestant, bazalaki 21% na mindele bakosala ô ekolo Kongo. Lokola ekolo Kongo mibále balekaki basi, banganga nzambe bapesaki misala mingi na basi ya mindele. == Bambulu-mbulu mpe basoda == Basimbi bokondzi bwa mindele, '''bambulu-mbulu mpe basoda'''. Na ebandeli, basoda ya mindele baye bawuti belgica, scandinavia na [[italia]], etc mpe basoda ya miyindo, bana ya africa ya loboko lwa mwasi, bana ya [[Zanzibar]], bakotika moke-moke esika na basoda ya mboka na bokambami ba Belges. == Minganga == Na sima ya bokono ya mpongi eye ezongaka mbula nyoso, '''minganga''' ya mindele bakosilisa liboso makono ya seko. Wuta mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku misato, bakosalisa bato na bisika bazali mpe bakotambola mboka na mboka; ekobakisama mpe ba lopitalo ya mike mpe ya minene na bisika bya banganga nzambe mpe na bisika ya misala minene. == «Mboka ya zomi» mpe dipanda == Posa ya bondeko bonene kati ya bikolo ya Afrika mpe ya [[Europa]] ebandi na mibu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano. Mokano ya kobongisa mibeko elingi kokotisa ekolo Kongó na kati ya mabele ya Belgica. Bato babengi «mboka ya zomi». Mibu mitano na sima ya mobembo monene ya ntoma Baudouin na ekolo Kongó na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na mitano, ekolo Kongó ezwi dipanda. 5339 2005-07-18T00:15:52Z Themalau 22 [[Image:CSKatangaTCongoBel1950a.jpg|thumb|right|Kongó ya Babelgi, 1950]] Voir aussi [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́]] Wuta mobu koto na kama mwambe na tuku mwambe na minei tii mobu koto na kama mwambe na tuku mwambe na mitano, Conférence de Berlin esangisi bana ya [[Europa]], ya [[America]] mpe ya [[Turkia]] mpona kokamba mibeko mikofungola nzela ya Afrika. Yango epesi mayele na ntoma [[Léopold II]] nakoyebisa mokili mobimba te ebale ya [[Kongó-Kinshasa|Kongó]] eye ekambami na moleki nzela [[Stanley]], ezali mabele mwa ye mpe na lisanga lya ye. Kasi soki na buku ekolo ya Afrika eye eleki na maboko ya mindele elakisi lokola ekolo ya poto, na mibeko mpe na misala ya mbulamatari, solo ezalaki kokambama lokola eloko ya moto moko. == État Indépendant du Congo (Ekolo ya Bonsomi ya Kongo)== Mapango ma ekolo Kongó esalami na bokakoli elongo na mindele miye basilaki kozwa ô kati, mabele manene. Ya solo, likambo lya frontière ya Kongó esengi kotambola ekolo mobimba mpe kokamba bato na bokasi mpe esengaki kozwa bandeko ya miyindo. Bitumba ekotaki kati ya batekisi mino ya nzoku épai moyindo, épai alabo na bakondzi ya miyindo. Bolongi ya léta epesaki na [[Belgica]] esengo enene. Kasi sango ya malamu ya «État Indépendant du Congo» (to pe "Ekolo ya Bonsomi ya Kongo")te na Belgica mpe na mboka mopaya. Sango ya monyokoli etali mosala ya ndembo ekomi na mpoto. Ntoma Léopold II atindi bato bya bikolo ndenge na ndenge mpona koyeba likambo liina. Matongi na nzoto ya mopaya ebangisi Belgica elingi kosukisa monyokoli. Yango wana ekolo Belgica, mokolo ya zomi na mitano sanza ya zomi na moko mobu koto na kama libwa na mwambe, ekamati bokondzi na etando ya ekolo État Indépendant du Congo. Na bokambami bwa Belgica, ekolo État Indépendant du Congo ekomi lokola mabele moko na Belgica. Na sima ya manso, bato babosani '''monyokoli''' mpe motungisi na tango ya ntoma Léopold II. Akomi ye moko «mokondzi malamu» mpe ekolo Kongó ekomi «ekolo moyindo ekambi mindele eye ekolakisa nzela». == Mpona kokóma «ekolo moyindo molakisa nzela» == Ekambi miyindo na mindele ekopesa ndakisa, ebongi esala mabe te. Elingaki bokondzi ya botata esimbi Bruxelles mpona bokambi ya miyindo ezala malamu, ekolo emikoka bozwi bwa ye. Kasi etiki na miyindo, manso etali mbulamatari te lokola botei bana ba kelasi, botongi ekolo mpe mosala ya monganga. Bokambi yango ezalaki mpe na makambo ya makasi. Ata mibeko mikokumbisa bikolo ya miyindo miye ekambi ekolo '''Kongó ya Belgica''', mosala ya bokasi ekosila kaka na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku misato. Bakopesa bonyile na bapanzi makita mpe na bisanga bya bato kaka na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na libwa. Na mibu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano, posa ya kotombola ekolo ekopesa makanisi ya ekolo Kongo ndakisa malamu. Na tema ya mabe te, bisika bya ekolo Kongo na emoneli ya mokili mobimba ya mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na mwambe, epesaki maloba ya elikya enene. == Bisika bya bato na mbulamatari == Na kati ya ekolo, '''bisika bya bato na mbulamatari''' ekambamaki na ''gouverneur général'' moye akambi mbulamatari mpe akoyebisa manso epai ya ntoma ya bikolo miyindo na minoko ya bakambi mabele. Bango bakotala misala minso ya léta (bofuti pako, misala ya mabele, misala ya botongi ekolo, bobwaki bosoto, bokati makambo, etc). Misala miina ekambami mpe na bakondzi ya miyindo oyo balatisi palata. Na maloba, mokondzi oyo alati palata aponami mpe akokamba mboka wa ye na ndenge ya bokoko. Kasi solo mpenza, ezalaki kosalama ndenge wana te. Mbulamatari alingaki ekolo ekola ndenge ye alingi, kasi na ndenge ya bokoko te. Mokondzi moyindo oyo aponami mpe alati palata ya mbulamatari, azalaki elembo ya bakondzi ya kala ya miyindo na kati ya mbulamatari. Kasi bakondzi mingi baponamaki mpona bilanda landa bya bango na mibeko ya mbulamatari. == Basango == Mateya etali yezu, ezalaki mosala ya '''basango''', bakatolike mpe na baprotestants. Mbulamatari ya Kongo ya Belgica epesaki bango misala miye etali bosungi bato, misala mya bikela mpe bosali bokono. Na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku minei na sambo, banganga nzambe katolike mpe protestant, bazalaki 21% na mindele bakosala ô ekolo Kongo. Lokola ekolo Kongo mibále balekaki basi, banganga nzambe bapesaki misala mingi na basi ya mindele. == Bambulu-mbulu mpe basoda == Basimbi bokondzi bwa mindele, '''bambulu-mbulu mpe basoda'''. Na ebandeli, basoda ya mindele baye bawuti belgica, scandinavia na [[italia]], etc mpe basoda ya miyindo, bana ya africa ya loboko lwa mwasi, bana ya [[Zanzibar]], bakotika moke-moke esika na basoda ya mboka na bokambami ba Belges. == Minganga == Na sima ya bokono ya mpongi eye ezongaka mbula nyoso, '''minganga''' ya mindele bakosilisa liboso makono ya seko. Wuta mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku misato, bakosalisa bato na bisika bazali mpe bakotambola mboka na mboka; ekobakisama mpe ba lopitalo ya mike mpe ya minene na bisika bya banganga nzambe mpe na bisika ya misala minene. == «Mboka ya zomi» mpe dipanda == Posa ya bondeko bonene kati ya bikolo ya Afrika mpe ya [[Europa]] ebandi na mibu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano. Mokano ya kobongisa mibeko elingi kokotisa ekolo Kongó na kati ya mabele ya Belgica. Bato babengi «mboka ya zomi». Mibu mitano na sima ya mobembo monene ya ntoma Baudouin na ekolo Kongó na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na mitano, ekolo Kongó ezwi dipanda. 5482 2005-07-22T14:44:58Z Robbot 14 robot Ajoute: en, nl, fr, de, sv [[Image:CSKatangaTCongoBel1950a.jpg|thumb|right|Kongó ya Babelgi, 1950]] Voir aussi [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́]] Wuta mobu koto na kama mwambe na tuku mwambe na minei tii mobu koto na kama mwambe na tuku mwambe na mitano, Conférence de Berlin esangisi bana ya [[Europa]], ya [[America]] mpe ya [[Turkia]] mpona kokamba mibeko mikofungola nzela ya Afrika. Yango epesi mayele na ntoma [[Léopold II]] nakoyebisa mokili mobimba te ebale ya [[Kongó-Kinshasa|Kongó]] eye ekambami na moleki nzela [[Stanley]], ezali mabele mwa ye mpe na lisanga lya ye. Kasi soki na buku ekolo ya Afrika eye eleki na maboko ya mindele elakisi lokola ekolo ya poto, na mibeko mpe na misala ya mbulamatari, solo ezalaki kokambama lokola eloko ya moto moko. == État Indépendant du Congo (Ekolo ya Bonsomi ya Kongo)== Mapango ma ekolo Kongó esalami na bokakoli elongo na mindele miye basilaki kozwa ô kati, mabele manene. Ya solo, likambo lya frontière ya Kongó esengi kotambola ekolo mobimba mpe kokamba bato na bokasi mpe esengaki kozwa bandeko ya miyindo. Bitumba ekotaki kati ya batekisi mino ya nzoku épai moyindo, épai alabo na bakondzi ya miyindo. Bolongi ya léta epesaki na [[Belgica]] esengo enene. Kasi sango ya malamu ya «État Indépendant du Congo» (to pe "Ekolo ya Bonsomi ya Kongo")te na Belgica mpe na mboka mopaya. Sango ya monyokoli etali mosala ya ndembo ekomi na mpoto. Ntoma Léopold II atindi bato bya bikolo ndenge na ndenge mpona koyeba likambo liina. Matongi na nzoto ya mopaya ebangisi Belgica elingi kosukisa monyokoli. Yango wana ekolo Belgica, mokolo ya zomi na mitano sanza ya zomi na moko mobu koto na kama libwa na mwambe, ekamati bokondzi na etando ya ekolo État Indépendant du Congo. Na bokambami bwa Belgica, ekolo État Indépendant du Congo ekomi lokola mabele moko na Belgica. Na sima ya manso, bato babosani '''monyokoli''' mpe motungisi na tango ya ntoma Léopold II. Akomi ye moko «mokondzi malamu» mpe ekolo Kongó ekomi «ekolo moyindo ekambi mindele eye ekolakisa nzela». == Mpona kokóma «ekolo moyindo molakisa nzela» == Ekambi miyindo na mindele ekopesa ndakisa, ebongi esala mabe te. Elingaki bokondzi ya botata esimbi Bruxelles mpona bokambi ya miyindo ezala malamu, ekolo emikoka bozwi bwa ye. Kasi etiki na miyindo, manso etali mbulamatari te lokola botei bana ba kelasi, botongi ekolo mpe mosala ya monganga. Bokambi yango ezalaki mpe na makambo ya makasi. Ata mibeko mikokumbisa bikolo ya miyindo miye ekambi ekolo '''Kongó ya Belgica''', mosala ya bokasi ekosila kaka na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku misato. Bakopesa bonyile na bapanzi makita mpe na bisanga bya bato kaka na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na libwa. Na mibu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano, posa ya kotombola ekolo ekopesa makanisi ya ekolo Kongo ndakisa malamu. Na tema ya mabe te, bisika bya ekolo Kongo na emoneli ya mokili mobimba ya mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na mwambe, epesaki maloba ya elikya enene. == Bisika bya bato na mbulamatari == Na kati ya ekolo, '''bisika bya bato na mbulamatari''' ekambamaki na ''gouverneur général'' moye akambi mbulamatari mpe akoyebisa manso epai ya ntoma ya bikolo miyindo na minoko ya bakambi mabele. Bango bakotala misala minso ya léta (bofuti pako, misala ya mabele, misala ya botongi ekolo, bobwaki bosoto, bokati makambo, etc). Misala miina ekambami mpe na bakondzi ya miyindo oyo balatisi palata. Na maloba, mokondzi oyo alati palata aponami mpe akokamba mboka wa ye na ndenge ya bokoko. Kasi solo mpenza, ezalaki kosalama ndenge wana te. Mbulamatari alingaki ekolo ekola ndenge ye alingi, kasi na ndenge ya bokoko te. Mokondzi moyindo oyo aponami mpe alati palata ya mbulamatari, azalaki elembo ya bakondzi ya kala ya miyindo na kati ya mbulamatari. Kasi bakondzi mingi baponamaki mpona bilanda landa bya bango na mibeko ya mbulamatari. == Basango == Mateya etali yezu, ezalaki mosala ya '''basango''', bakatolike mpe na baprotestants. Mbulamatari ya Kongo ya Belgica epesaki bango misala miye etali bosungi bato, misala mya bikela mpe bosali bokono. Na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku minei na sambo, banganga nzambe katolike mpe protestant, bazalaki 21% na mindele bakosala ô ekolo Kongo. Lokola ekolo Kongo mibále balekaki basi, banganga nzambe bapesaki misala mingi na basi ya mindele. == Bambulu-mbulu mpe basoda == Basimbi bokondzi bwa mindele, '''bambulu-mbulu mpe basoda'''. Na ebandeli, basoda ya mindele baye bawuti belgica, scandinavia na [[italia]], etc mpe basoda ya miyindo, bana ya africa ya loboko lwa mwasi, bana ya [[Zanzibar]], bakotika moke-moke esika na basoda ya mboka na bokambami ba Belges. == Minganga == Na sima ya bokono ya mpongi eye ezongaka mbula nyoso, '''minganga''' ya mindele bakosilisa liboso makono ya seko. Wuta mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku misato, bakosalisa bato na bisika bazali mpe bakotambola mboka na mboka; ekobakisama mpe ba lopitalo ya mike mpe ya minene na bisika bya banganga nzambe mpe na bisika ya misala minene. == «Mboka ya zomi» mpe dipanda == Posa ya bondeko bonene kati ya bikolo ya Afrika mpe ya [[Europa]] ebandi na mibu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano. Mokano ya kobongisa mibeko elingi kokotisa ekolo Kongó na kati ya mabele ya Belgica. Bato babengi «mboka ya zomi». Mibu mitano na sima ya mobembo monene ya ntoma Baudouin na ekolo Kongó na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na mitano, ekolo Kongó ezwi dipanda. [[de:Geschichte der Demokratischen Republik Kongo#Belgisch-Kongo]] [[en:History of the Democratic Republic of the Congo#The Belgian Congo]] [[fr:Congo belge]] [[nl:Belgisch Congo]] [[sv:Belgiska Kongo]] 6474 2005-10-13T14:27:08Z Bombo 12 Kongó (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́) moved to Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́) [[Image:CSKatangaTCongoBel1950a.jpg|thumb|right|Kongó ya Babelgi, 1950]] Voir aussi [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́]] Wuta mobu koto na kama mwambe na tuku mwambe na minei tii mobu koto na kama mwambe na tuku mwambe na mitano, Conférence de Berlin esangisi bana ya [[Europa]], ya [[America]] mpe ya [[Turkia]] mpona kokamba mibeko mikofungola nzela ya Afrika. Yango epesi mayele na ntoma [[Léopold II]] nakoyebisa mokili mobimba te ebale ya [[Kongó-Kinshasa|Kongó]] eye ekambami na moleki nzela [[Stanley]], ezali mabele mwa ye mpe na lisanga lya ye. Kasi soki na buku ekolo ya Afrika eye eleki na maboko ya mindele elakisi lokola ekolo ya poto, na mibeko mpe na misala ya mbulamatari, solo ezalaki kokambama lokola eloko ya moto moko. == État Indépendant du Congo (Ekolo ya Bonsomi ya Kongo)== Mapango ma ekolo Kongó esalami na bokakoli elongo na mindele miye basilaki kozwa ô kati, mabele manene. Ya solo, likambo lya frontière ya Kongó esengi kotambola ekolo mobimba mpe kokamba bato na bokasi mpe esengaki kozwa bandeko ya miyindo. Bitumba ekotaki kati ya batekisi mino ya nzoku épai moyindo, épai alabo na bakondzi ya miyindo. Bolongi ya léta epesaki na [[Belgica]] esengo enene. Kasi sango ya malamu ya «État Indépendant du Congo» (to pe "Ekolo ya Bonsomi ya Kongo")te na Belgica mpe na mboka mopaya. Sango ya monyokoli etali mosala ya ndembo ekomi na mpoto. Ntoma Léopold II atindi bato bya bikolo ndenge na ndenge mpona koyeba likambo liina. Matongi na nzoto ya mopaya ebangisi Belgica elingi kosukisa monyokoli. Yango wana ekolo Belgica, mokolo ya zomi na mitano sanza ya zomi na moko mobu koto na kama libwa na mwambe, ekamati bokondzi na etando ya ekolo État Indépendant du Congo. Na bokambami bwa Belgica, ekolo État Indépendant du Congo ekomi lokola mabele moko na Belgica. Na sima ya manso, bato babosani '''monyokoli''' mpe motungisi na tango ya ntoma Léopold II. Akomi ye moko «mokondzi malamu» mpe ekolo Kongó ekomi «ekolo moyindo ekambi mindele eye ekolakisa nzela». == Mpona kokóma «ekolo moyindo molakisa nzela» == Ekambi miyindo na mindele ekopesa ndakisa, ebongi esala mabe te. Elingaki bokondzi ya botata esimbi Bruxelles mpona bokambi ya miyindo ezala malamu, ekolo emikoka bozwi bwa ye. Kasi etiki na miyindo, manso etali mbulamatari te lokola botei bana ba kelasi, botongi ekolo mpe mosala ya monganga. Bokambi yango ezalaki mpe na makambo ya makasi. Ata mibeko mikokumbisa bikolo ya miyindo miye ekambi ekolo '''Kongó ya Belgica''', mosala ya bokasi ekosila kaka na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku misato. Bakopesa bonyile na bapanzi makita mpe na bisanga bya bato kaka na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na libwa. Na mibu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano, posa ya kotombola ekolo ekopesa makanisi ya ekolo Kongo ndakisa malamu. Na tema ya mabe te, bisika bya ekolo Kongo na emoneli ya mokili mobimba ya mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na mwambe, epesaki maloba ya elikya enene. == Bisika bya bato na mbulamatari == Na kati ya ekolo, '''bisika bya bato na mbulamatari''' ekambamaki na ''gouverneur général'' moye akambi mbulamatari mpe akoyebisa manso epai ya ntoma ya bikolo miyindo na minoko ya bakambi mabele. Bango bakotala misala minso ya léta (bofuti pako, misala ya mabele, misala ya botongi ekolo, bobwaki bosoto, bokati makambo, etc). Misala miina ekambami mpe na bakondzi ya miyindo oyo balatisi palata. Na maloba, mokondzi oyo alati palata aponami mpe akokamba mboka wa ye na ndenge ya bokoko. Kasi solo mpenza, ezalaki kosalama ndenge wana te. Mbulamatari alingaki ekolo ekola ndenge ye alingi, kasi na ndenge ya bokoko te. Mokondzi moyindo oyo aponami mpe alati palata ya mbulamatari, azalaki elembo ya bakondzi ya kala ya miyindo na kati ya mbulamatari. Kasi bakondzi mingi baponamaki mpona bilanda landa bya bango na mibeko ya mbulamatari. == Basango == Mateya etali yezu, ezalaki mosala ya '''basango''', bakatolike mpe na baprotestants. Mbulamatari ya Kongo ya Belgica epesaki bango misala miye etali bosungi bato, misala mya bikela mpe bosali bokono. Na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku minei na sambo, banganga nzambe katolike mpe protestant, bazalaki 21% na mindele bakosala ô ekolo Kongo. Lokola ekolo Kongo mibále balekaki basi, banganga nzambe bapesaki misala mingi na basi ya mindele. == Bambulu-mbulu mpe basoda == Basimbi bokondzi bwa mindele, '''bambulu-mbulu mpe basoda'''. Na ebandeli, basoda ya mindele baye bawuti belgica, scandinavia na [[italia]], etc mpe basoda ya miyindo, bana ya africa ya loboko lwa mwasi, bana ya [[Zanzibar]], bakotika moke-moke esika na basoda ya mboka na bokambami ba Belges. == Minganga == Na sima ya bokono ya mpongi eye ezongaka mbula nyoso, '''minganga''' ya mindele bakosilisa liboso makono ya seko. Wuta mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku misato, bakosalisa bato na bisika bazali mpe bakotambola mboka na mboka; ekobakisama mpe ba lopitalo ya mike mpe ya minene na bisika bya banganga nzambe mpe na bisika ya misala minene. == «Mboka ya zomi» mpe dipanda == Posa ya bondeko bonene kati ya bikolo ya Afrika mpe ya [[Europa]] ebandi na mibu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano. Mokano ya kobongisa mibeko elingi kokotisa ekolo Kongó na kati ya mabele ya Belgica. Bato babengi «mboka ya zomi». Mibu mitano na sima ya mobembo monene ya ntoma Baudouin na ekolo Kongó na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na mitano, ekolo Kongó ezwi dipanda. [[de:Geschichte der Demokratischen Republik Kongo#Belgisch-Kongo]] [[en:History of the Democratic Republic of the Congo#The Belgian Congo]] [[fr:Congo belge]] [[nl:Belgisch Congo]] [[sv:Belgiska Kongo]] 6476 2005-10-13T14:55:28Z Bombo 12 img [[Image:Hw-stanley.jpg|thumb|Sir Henry Morton Stanley]] [[Image:CSKatangaTCongoBel1950a.jpg|thumb|right|Kɔ́ngɔ ya Babelgi, 1950]] [[Image:LeopoldIIBelgien.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Léopold II.]] [[Image:CongoVillageErased.jpg|thumb|400px|right|Village congolais détruit pour plantation de caoutchouk.]] Voir aussi [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́]] Wuta mobu koto na kama mwambe na tuku mwambe na minei tii mobu koto na kama mwambe na tuku mwambe na mitano, Conférence de Berlin esangisi bana ya [[Eropa]], ya [[America]] mpe ya [[Turkia]] mpona kokamba mibeko mikofungola nzela ya Afrika. Yango epesi mayele na ntoma [[Léopold II]] nakoyebisa mokili mobimba te ebale ya [[Kongó-Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ]] eye ekambami na moleki nzela [[Henry Morton Stanley]], ezali mabele mwa ye mpe na lisanga lya ye. Kasi soki na buku ekolo ya Afrika eye eleki na maboko ya mindele elakisi lokola ekolo ya poto, na mibeko mpe na misala ya mbulamatari, solo ezalaki kokambama lokola eloko ya moto moko. == État Indépendant du Congo (Ekolo ya Bonsomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ)== Mapango ma ekolo Kongó esalami na bokakoli elongo na mindele miye basilaki kozwa ô kati, mabele manene. Ya solo, likambo lya frontière ya Kongó esengi kotambola ekolo mobimba mpe kokamba bato na bokasi mpe esengaki kozwa bandeko ya miyindo. Bitumba ekotaki kati ya batekisi mino ya nzoku épai moyindo, épai alabo na bakondzi ya miyindo. Bolongi ya léta epesaki na [[Belgica]] esengo enene. Kasi sango ya malamu ya «État Indépendant du Congo» (to pe "[[Ekolo ya Bonsomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]")te na Belgica mpe na mboka mopaya. Sango ya monyokoli etali mosala ya ndembo ekomi na mpoto. Ntoma Léopold II atindi bato bya bikolo ndenge na ndenge mpona koyeba likambo liina. Matongi na nzoto ya mopaya ebangisi Belgica elingi kosukisa monyokoli. Yango wana ekolo Belgica, mokolo ya zomi na mitano sanza ya zomi na moko mobu koto na kama libwa na mwambe, ekamati bokondzi na etando ya ekolo État Indépendant du Congo. Na bokambami bwa Belgica, ekolo État Indépendant du Congo ekomi lokola mabele moko na Belgica. Na sima ya manso, bato babosani '''monyokoli''' mpe motungisi na tango ya ntoma Léopold II. Akomi ye moko «mokondzi malamu» mpe ekolo Kongó ekomi «ekolo moyindo ekambi mindele eye ekolakisa nzela». == Mpona kokóma «ekolo moyindo molakisa nzela» == Ekambi miyindo na mindele ekopesa ndakisa, ebongi esala mabe te. Elingaki bokondzi ya botata esimbi Bruxelles mpona bokambi ya miyindo ezala malamu, ekolo emikoka bozwi bwa ye. Kasi etiki na miyindo, manso etali mbulamatari te lokola botei bana ba kelasi, botongi ekolo mpe mosala ya monganga. Bokambi yango ezalaki mpe na makambo ya makasi. Ata mibeko mikokumbisa bikolo ya miyindo miye ekambi ekolo '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ ya Belgica]]''', mosala ya bokasi ekosila kaka na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku misato. Bakopesa bonyile na bapanzi makita mpe na bisanga bya bato kaka na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na libwa. Na mibu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano, posa ya kotombola ekolo ekopesa makanisi ya ekolo Kongo ndakisa malamu. Na tema ya mabe te, bisika bya ekolo Kongo na emoneli ya mokili mobimba ya mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na mwambe, epesaki maloba ya elikya enene. == Bisika bya bato na mbulamatari == Na kati ya ekolo, '''bisika bya bato na mbulamatari''' ekambamaki na ''gouverneur général'' moye akambi mbulamatari mpe akoyebisa manso epai ya ntoma ya bikolo miyindo na minoko ya bakambi mabele. Bango bakotala misala minso ya léta (bofuti pako, misala ya mabele, misala ya botongi ekolo, bobwaki bosoto, bokati makambo, etc). Misala miina ekambami mpe na bakondzi ya miyindo oyo balatisi palata. Na maloba, mokondzi oyo alati palata aponami mpe akokamba mboka wa ye na ndenge ya bokoko. Kasi solo mpenza, ezalaki kosalama ndenge wana te. Mbulamatari alingaki ekolo ekola ndenge ye alingi, kasi na ndenge ya bokoko te. Mokondzi moyindo oyo aponami mpe alati palata ya mbulamatari, azalaki elembo ya bakondzi ya kala ya miyindo na kati ya mbulamatari. Kasi bakondzi mingi baponamaki mpona bilanda landa bya bango na mibeko ya mbulamatari. == Basango == Mateya etali yezu, ezalaki mosala ya '''basango''', bakatolike mpe na baprotestants. Mbulamatari ya Kongo ya Belgica epesaki bango misala miye etali bosungi bato, misala mya bikela mpe bosali bokono. Na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku minei na sambo, banganga nzambe katolike mpe protestant, bazalaki 21% na mindele bakosala ô ekolo Kongo. Lokola ekolo Kongo mibále balekaki basi, banganga nzambe bapesaki misala mingi na basi ya mindele. == Bambulu-mbulu mpe basoda == Basimbi bokondzi bwa mindele, '''bambulu-mbulu mpe basoda'''. Na ebandeli, basoda ya mindele baye bawuti belgica, scandinavia na [[Italia]], etc mpe basoda ya miyindo, bana ya africa ya loboko lwa mwasi, bana ya [[Zanzibar]], bakotika moke-moke esika na basoda ya mboka na bokambami ba Belges. == Minganga == Na sima ya bokono ya mpongi eye ezongaka mbula nyoso, '''minganga''' ya mindele bakosilisa liboso makono ya seko. Wuta mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku misato, bakosalisa bato na bisika bazali mpe bakotambola mboka na mboka; ekobakisama mpe ba lopitalo ya mike mpe ya minene na bisika bya banganga nzambe mpe na bisika ya misala minene. == «Mboka ya zomi» mpe dipanda == Posa ya bondeko bonene kati ya bikolo ya Afrika mpe ya [[Eropa]] ebandi na mibu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano. Mokano ya kobongisa mibeko elingi kokotisa ekolo Kongó na kati ya mabele ya Belgica. Bato babengi «mboka ya zomi». Mibu mitano na sima ya mobembo monene ya ntoma Baudouin na ekolo Kongó na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na mitano, ekolo Kongó ezwi dipanda. [[de:Geschichte der Demokratischen Republik Kongo#Belgisch-Kongo]] [[en:History of the Democratic Republic of the Congo#The Belgian Congo]] [[fr:Congo belge]] [[nl:Belgisch Congo]] [[sv:Belgiska Kongo]] 7005 2005-11-24T11:20:52Z 160.85.2.50 Category [[Image:Hw-stanley.jpg|thumb|Sir Henry Morton Stanley]] [[Image:CSKatangaTCongoBel1950a.jpg|thumb|right|Kɔ́ngɔ ya Babelgi, 1950]] [[Image:LeopoldIIBelgien.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Léopold II.]] [[Image:CongoVillageErased.jpg|thumb|400px|right|Village congolais détruit pour plantation de caoutchouk.]] Voir aussi [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́]] Wuta mobu koto na kama mwambe na tuku mwambe na minei tii mobu koto na kama mwambe na tuku mwambe na mitano, Conférence de Berlin esangisi bana ya [[Eropa]], ya [[America]] mpe ya [[Turkia]] mpona kokamba mibeko mikofungola nzela ya Afrika. Yango epesi mayele na ntoma [[Léopold II]] nakoyebisa mokili mobimba te ebale ya [[Kongó-Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ]] eye ekambami na moleki nzela [[Henry Morton Stanley]], ezali mabele mwa ye mpe na lisanga lya ye. Kasi soki na buku ekolo ya Afrika eye eleki na maboko ya mindele elakisi lokola ekolo ya poto, na mibeko mpe na misala ya mbulamatari, solo ezalaki kokambama lokola eloko ya moto moko. == État Indépendant du Congo (Ekolo ya Bonsomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ)== Mapango ma ekolo Kongó esalami na bokakoli elongo na mindele miye basilaki kozwa ô kati, mabele manene. Ya solo, likambo lya frontière ya Kongó esengi kotambola ekolo mobimba mpe kokamba bato na bokasi mpe esengaki kozwa bandeko ya miyindo. Bitumba ekotaki kati ya batekisi mino ya nzoku épai moyindo, épai alabo na bakondzi ya miyindo. Bolongi ya léta epesaki na [[Belgica]] esengo enene. Kasi sango ya malamu ya «État Indépendant du Congo» (to pe "[[Ekolo ya Bonsomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]")te na Belgica mpe na mboka mopaya. Sango ya monyokoli etali mosala ya ndembo ekomi na mpoto. Ntoma Léopold II atindi bato bya bikolo ndenge na ndenge mpona koyeba likambo liina. Matongi na nzoto ya mopaya ebangisi Belgica elingi kosukisa monyokoli. Yango wana ekolo Belgica, mokolo ya zomi na mitano sanza ya zomi na moko mobu koto na kama libwa na mwambe, ekamati bokondzi na etando ya ekolo État Indépendant du Congo. Na bokambami bwa Belgica, ekolo État Indépendant du Congo ekomi lokola mabele moko na Belgica. Na sima ya manso, bato babosani '''monyokoli''' mpe motungisi na tango ya ntoma Léopold II. Akomi ye moko «mokondzi malamu» mpe ekolo Kongó ekomi «ekolo moyindo ekambi mindele eye ekolakisa nzela». == Mpona kokóma «ekolo moyindo molakisa nzela» == Ekambi miyindo na mindele ekopesa ndakisa, ebongi esala mabe te. Elingaki bokondzi ya botata esimbi Bruxelles mpona bokambi ya miyindo ezala malamu, ekolo emikoka bozwi bwa ye. Kasi etiki na miyindo, manso etali mbulamatari te lokola botei bana ba kelasi, botongi ekolo mpe mosala ya monganga. Bokambi yango ezalaki mpe na makambo ya makasi. Ata mibeko mikokumbisa bikolo ya miyindo miye ekambi ekolo '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ ya Belgica]]''', mosala ya bokasi ekosila kaka na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku misato. Bakopesa bonyile na bapanzi makita mpe na bisanga bya bato kaka na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na libwa. Na mibu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano, posa ya kotombola ekolo ekopesa makanisi ya ekolo Kongo ndakisa malamu. Na tema ya mabe te, bisika bya ekolo Kongo na emoneli ya mokili mobimba ya mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na mwambe, epesaki maloba ya elikya enene. == Bisika bya bato na mbulamatari == Na kati ya ekolo, '''bisika bya bato na mbulamatari''' ekambamaki na ''gouverneur général'' moye akambi mbulamatari mpe akoyebisa manso epai ya ntoma ya bikolo miyindo na minoko ya bakambi mabele. Bango bakotala misala minso ya léta (bofuti pako, misala ya mabele, misala ya botongi ekolo, bobwaki bosoto, bokati makambo, etc). Misala miina ekambami mpe na bakondzi ya miyindo oyo balatisi palata. Na maloba, mokondzi oyo alati palata aponami mpe akokamba mboka wa ye na ndenge ya bokoko. Kasi solo mpenza, ezalaki kosalama ndenge wana te. Mbulamatari alingaki ekolo ekola ndenge ye alingi, kasi na ndenge ya bokoko te. Mokondzi moyindo oyo aponami mpe alati palata ya mbulamatari, azalaki elembo ya bakondzi ya kala ya miyindo na kati ya mbulamatari. Kasi bakondzi mingi baponamaki mpona bilanda landa bya bango na mibeko ya mbulamatari. == Basango == Mateya etali yezu, ezalaki mosala ya '''basango''', bakatolike mpe na baprotestants. Mbulamatari ya Kongo ya Belgica epesaki bango misala miye etali bosungi bato, misala mya bikela mpe bosali bokono. Na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku minei na sambo, banganga nzambe katolike mpe protestant, bazalaki 21% na mindele bakosala ô ekolo Kongo. Lokola ekolo Kongo mibále balekaki basi, banganga nzambe bapesaki misala mingi na basi ya mindele. == Bambulu-mbulu mpe basoda == Basimbi bokondzi bwa mindele, '''bambulu-mbulu mpe basoda'''. Na ebandeli, basoda ya mindele baye bawuti belgica, scandinavia na [[Italia]], etc mpe basoda ya miyindo, bana ya africa ya loboko lwa mwasi, bana ya [[Zanzibar]], bakotika moke-moke esika na basoda ya mboka na bokambami ba Belges. == Minganga == Na sima ya bokono ya mpongi eye ezongaka mbula nyoso, '''minganga''' ya mindele bakosilisa liboso makono ya seko. Wuta mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku misato, bakosalisa bato na bisika bazali mpe bakotambola mboka na mboka; ekobakisama mpe ba lopitalo ya mike mpe ya minene na bisika bya banganga nzambe mpe na bisika ya misala minene. == «Mboka ya zomi» mpe dipanda == Posa ya bondeko bonene kati ya bikolo ya Afrika mpe ya [[Eropa]] ebandi na mibu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano. Mokano ya kobongisa mibeko elingi kokotisa ekolo Kongó na kati ya mabele ya Belgica. Bato babengi «mboka ya zomi». Mibu mitano na sima ya mobembo monene ya ntoma Baudouin na ekolo Kongó na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na mitano, ekolo Kongó ezwi dipanda. [[de:Geschichte der Demokratischen Republik Kongo#Belgisch-Kongo]] [[en:History of the Democratic Republic of the Congo#The Belgian Congo]] [[fr:Congo belge]] [[nl:Belgisch Congo]] [[sv:Belgiska Kongo]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Historia ya Afrika]] 7185 2005-12-04T21:39:09Z Moyogo 11 Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki [[Image:Hw-stanley.jpg|thumb|Sir Henry Morton Stanley]] [[Image:CSKatangaTCongoBel1950a.jpg|thumb|right|Kɔ́ngɔ ya Babelgi, 1950]] [[Image:LeopoldIIBelgien.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Léopold II.]] [[Image:CongoVillageErased.jpg|thumb|400px|right|Village congolais détruit pour plantation de caoutchouk.]] Voir aussi [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́]] Wuta mobu koto na kama mwambe na tuku mwambe na minei tii mobu koto na kama mwambe na tuku mwambe na mitano, Conférence de Berlin esangisi bana ya [[Eropa]], ya [[America]] mpe ya [[Turkia]] mpona kokamba mibeko mikofungola nzela ya Afrika. Yango epesi mayele na ntoma [[Léopold II]] nakoyebisa mokili mobimba te ebale ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki|Kɔ́ngɔ]] eye ekambami na moleki nzela [[Henry Morton Stanley]], ezali mabele mwa ye mpe na lisanga lya ye. Kasi soki na buku ekolo ya Afrika eye eleki na maboko ya mindele elakisi lokola ekolo ya poto, na mibeko mpe na misala ya mbulamatari, solo ezalaki kokambama lokola eloko ya moto moko. == État Indépendant du Congo (Ekolo ya Bonsomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ)== Mapango ma ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ esalami na bokakoli elongo na mindele miye basilaki kozwa ô kati, mabele manene. Ya solo, likambo lya frontière ya Kɔ́ngɔ esengi kotambola ekolo mobimba mpe kokamba bato na bokasi mpe esengaki kozwa bandeko ya miyindo. Bitumba ekotaki kati ya batekisi mino ya nzoku épai moyindo, épai alabo na bakondzi ya miyindo. Bolongi ya léta epesaki na [[Belgica]] esengo enene. Kasi sango ya malamu ya «État Indépendant du Congo» (to pe "[[Ekolo ya Bonsomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]")te na Belgica mpe na mboka mopaya. Sango ya monyokoli etali mosala ya ndembo ekomi na mpoto. Ntoma Léopold II atindi bato bya bikolo ndenge na ndenge mpona koyeba likambo liina. Matongi na nzoto ya mopaya ebangisi Belgica elingi kosukisa monyokoli. Yango wana ekolo Belgica, mokolo ya zomi na mitano sanza ya zomi na moko mobu koto na kama libwa na mwambe, ekamati bokondzi na etando ya ekolo État Indépendant du Congo. Na bokambami bwa Belgica, ekolo État Indépendant du Congo ekomi lokola mabele moko na Belgica. Na sima ya manso, bato babosani '''monyokoli''' mpe motungisi na tango ya ntoma Léopold II. Akomi ye moko «mokondzi malamu» mpe ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ ekomi «ekolo moyindo ekambi mindele eye ekolakisa nzela». == Mpona kokóma «ekolo moyindo molakisa nzela» == Ekambi miyindo na mindele ekopesa ndakisa, ebongi esala mabe te. Elingaki bokondzi ya botata esimbi Bruxelles mpona bokambi ya miyindo ezala malamu, ekolo emikoka bozwi bwa ye. Kasi etiki na miyindo, manso etali mbulamatari te lokola botei bana ba kelasi, botongi ekolo mpe mosala ya monganga. Bokambi yango ezalaki mpe na makambo ya makasi. Ata mibeko mikokumbisa bikolo ya miyindo miye ekambi ekolo '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ ya Belgica]]''', mosala ya bokasi ekosila kaka na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku misato. Bakopesa bonyile na bapanzi makita mpe na bisanga bya bato kaka na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na libwa. Na mibu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano, posa ya kotombola ekolo ekopesa makanisi ya ekolo Kongo ndakisa malamu. Na tema ya mabe te, bisika bya ekolo Kongo na emoneli ya mokili mobimba ya mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na mwambe, epesaki maloba ya elikya enene. == Bisika bya bato na mbulamatari == Na kati ya ekolo, '''bisika bya bato na mbulamatari''' ekambamaki na ''gouverneur général'' moye akambi mbulamatari mpe akoyebisa manso epai ya ntoma ya bikolo miyindo na minoko ya bakambi mabele. Bango bakotala misala minso ya léta (bofuti pako, misala ya mabele, misala ya botongi ekolo, bobwaki bosoto, bokati makambo, etc). Misala miina ekambami mpe na bakondzi ya miyindo oyo balatisi palata. Na maloba, mokondzi oyo alati palata aponami mpe akokamba mboka wa ye na ndenge ya bokoko. Kasi solo mpenza, ezalaki kosalama ndenge wana te. Mbulamatari alingaki ekolo ekola ndenge ye alingi, kasi na ndenge ya bokoko te. Mokondzi moyindo oyo aponami mpe alati palata ya mbulamatari, azalaki elembo ya bakondzi ya kala ya miyindo na kati ya mbulamatari. Kasi bakondzi mingi baponamaki mpona bilanda landa bya bango na mibeko ya mbulamatari. == Basango == Mateya etali yezu, ezalaki mosala ya '''basango''', bakatolike mpe na baprotestants. Mbulamatari ya Kongo ya Belgica epesaki bango misala miye etali bosungi bato, misala mya bikela mpe bosali bokono. Na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku minei na sambo, banganga nzambe katolike mpe protestant, bazalaki 21% na mindele bakosala ô ekolo Kongo. Lokola ekolo Kongo mibále balekaki basi, banganga nzambe bapesaki misala mingi na basi ya mindele. == Bambulu-mbulu mpe basoda == Basimbi bokondzi bwa mindele, '''bambulu-mbulu mpe basoda'''. Na ebandeli, basoda ya mindele baye bawuti belgica, scandinavia na [[Italia]], etc mpe basoda ya miyindo, bana ya africa ya loboko lwa mwasi, bana ya [[Zanzibar]], bakotika moke-moke esika na basoda ya mboka na bokambami ba Belges. == Minganga == Na sima ya bokono ya mpongi eye ezongaka mbula nyoso, '''minganga''' ya mindele bakosilisa liboso makono ya seko. Wuta mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku misato, bakosalisa bato na bisika bazali mpe bakotambola mboka na mboka; ekobakisama mpe ba lopitalo ya mike mpe ya minene na bisika bya banganga nzambe mpe na bisika ya misala minene. == «Mboka ya zomi» mpe dipanda == Posa ya bondeko bonene kati ya bikolo ya Afrika mpe ya [[Eropa]] ebandi na mibu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano. Mokano ya kobongisa mibeko elingi kokotisa ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ na kati ya mabele ya Belgica. Bato babengi «mboka ya zomi». Mibu mitano na sima ya mobembo monene ya ntoma Baudouin na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na mitano, ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ ezwi dipanda. [[de:Geschichte der Demokratischen Republik Kongo#Belgisch-Kongo]] [[en:History of the Democratic Republic of the Congo#The Belgian Congo]] [[fr:Congo belge]] [[nl:Belgisch Congo]] [[sv:Belgiska Kongo]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Historia ya Afrika]] 7270 2005-12-07T08:23:31Z 160.85.2.50 cat [[Image:Hw-stanley.jpg|thumb|Sir Henry Morton Stanley]] [[Image:CSKatangaTCongoBel1950a.jpg|thumb|right|Kɔ́ngɔ ya Babelgi, 1950]] [[Image:LeopoldIIBelgien.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Léopold II.]] [[Image:CongoVillageErased.jpg|thumb|400px|right|Village congolais détruit pour plantation de caoutchouk.]] Voir aussi [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́]] Wuta mobu koto na kama mwambe na tuku mwambe na minei tii mobu koto na kama mwambe na tuku mwambe na mitano, Conférence de Berlin esangisi bana ya [[Eropa]], ya [[America]] mpe ya [[Turkia]] mpona kokamba mibeko mikofungola nzela ya Afrika. Yango epesi mayele na ntoma [[Léopold II]] nakoyebisa mokili mobimba te ebale ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki|Kɔ́ngɔ]] eye ekambami na moleki nzela [[Henry Morton Stanley]], ezali mabele mwa ye mpe na lisanga lya ye. Kasi soki na buku ekolo ya Afrika eye eleki na maboko ya mindele elakisi lokola ekolo ya poto, na mibeko mpe na misala ya mbulamatari, solo ezalaki kokambama lokola eloko ya moto moko. == État Indépendant du Congo (Ekolo ya Bonsomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ)== Mapango ma ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ esalami na bokakoli elongo na mindele miye basilaki kozwa ô kati, mabele manene. Ya solo, likambo lya frontière ya Kɔ́ngɔ esengi kotambola ekolo mobimba mpe kokamba bato na bokasi mpe esengaki kozwa bandeko ya miyindo. Bitumba ekotaki kati ya batekisi mino ya nzoku épai moyindo, épai alabo na bakondzi ya miyindo. Bolongi ya léta epesaki na [[Belgica]] esengo enene. Kasi sango ya malamu ya «État Indépendant du Congo» (to pe "[[Ekolo ya Bonsomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]")te na Belgica mpe na mboka mopaya. Sango ya monyokoli etali mosala ya ndembo ekomi na mpoto. Ntoma Léopold II atindi bato bya bikolo ndenge na ndenge mpona koyeba likambo liina. Matongi na nzoto ya mopaya ebangisi Belgica elingi kosukisa monyokoli. Yango wana ekolo Belgica, mokolo ya zomi na mitano sanza ya zomi na moko mobu koto na kama libwa na mwambe, ekamati bokondzi na etando ya ekolo État Indépendant du Congo. Na bokambami bwa Belgica, ekolo État Indépendant du Congo ekomi lokola mabele moko na Belgica. Na sima ya manso, bato babosani '''monyokoli''' mpe motungisi na tango ya ntoma Léopold II. Akomi ye moko «mokondzi malamu» mpe ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ ekomi «ekolo moyindo ekambi mindele eye ekolakisa nzela». == Mpona kokóma «ekolo moyindo molakisa nzela» == Ekambi miyindo na mindele ekopesa ndakisa, ebongi esala mabe te. Elingaki bokondzi ya botata esimbi Bruxelles mpona bokambi ya miyindo ezala malamu, ekolo emikoka bozwi bwa ye. Kasi etiki na miyindo, manso etali mbulamatari te lokola botei bana ba kelasi, botongi ekolo mpe mosala ya monganga. Bokambi yango ezalaki mpe na makambo ya makasi. Ata mibeko mikokumbisa bikolo ya miyindo miye ekambi ekolo '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ ya Belgica]]''', mosala ya bokasi ekosila kaka na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku misato. Bakopesa bonyile na bapanzi makita mpe na bisanga bya bato kaka na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na libwa. Na mibu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano, posa ya kotombola ekolo ekopesa makanisi ya ekolo Kongo ndakisa malamu. Na tema ya mabe te, bisika bya ekolo Kongo na emoneli ya mokili mobimba ya mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na mwambe, epesaki maloba ya elikya enene. == Bisika bya bato na mbulamatari == Na kati ya ekolo, '''bisika bya bato na mbulamatari''' ekambamaki na ''gouverneur général'' moye akambi mbulamatari mpe akoyebisa manso epai ya ntoma ya bikolo miyindo na minoko ya bakambi mabele. Bango bakotala misala minso ya léta (bofuti pako, misala ya mabele, misala ya botongi ekolo, bobwaki bosoto, bokati makambo, etc). Misala miina ekambami mpe na bakondzi ya miyindo oyo balatisi palata. Na maloba, mokondzi oyo alati palata aponami mpe akokamba mboka wa ye na ndenge ya bokoko. Kasi solo mpenza, ezalaki kosalama ndenge wana te. Mbulamatari alingaki ekolo ekola ndenge ye alingi, kasi na ndenge ya bokoko te. Mokondzi moyindo oyo aponami mpe alati palata ya mbulamatari, azalaki elembo ya bakondzi ya kala ya miyindo na kati ya mbulamatari. Kasi bakondzi mingi baponamaki mpona bilanda landa bya bango na mibeko ya mbulamatari. == Basango == Mateya etali yezu, ezalaki mosala ya '''basango''', bakatolike mpe na baprotestants. Mbulamatari ya Kongo ya Belgica epesaki bango misala miye etali bosungi bato, misala mya bikela mpe bosali bokono. Na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku minei na sambo, banganga nzambe katolike mpe protestant, bazalaki 21% na mindele bakosala ô ekolo Kongo. Lokola ekolo Kongo mibále balekaki basi, banganga nzambe bapesaki misala mingi na basi ya mindele. == Bambulu-mbulu mpe basoda == Basimbi bokondzi bwa mindele, '''bambulu-mbulu mpe basoda'''. Na ebandeli, basoda ya mindele baye bawuti belgica, scandinavia na [[Italia]], etc mpe basoda ya miyindo, bana ya africa ya loboko lwa mwasi, bana ya [[Zanzibar]], bakotika moke-moke esika na basoda ya mboka na bokambami ba Belges. == Minganga == Na sima ya bokono ya mpongi eye ezongaka mbula nyoso, '''minganga''' ya mindele bakosilisa liboso makono ya seko. Wuta mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku misato, bakosalisa bato na bisika bazali mpe bakotambola mboka na mboka; ekobakisama mpe ba lopitalo ya mike mpe ya minene na bisika bya banganga nzambe mpe na bisika ya misala minene. == «Mboka ya zomi» mpe dipanda == Posa ya bondeko bonene kati ya bikolo ya Afrika mpe ya [[Eropa]] ebandi na mibu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano. Mokano ya kobongisa mibeko elingi kokotisa ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ na kati ya mabele ya Belgica. Bato babengi «mboka ya zomi». Mibu mitano na sima ya mobembo monene ya ntoma Baudouin na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na mitano, ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ ezwi dipanda. [[de:Geschichte der Demokratischen Republik Kongo#Belgisch-Kongo]] [[en:History of the Democratic Republic of the Congo#The Belgian Congo]] [[fr:Congo belge]] [[nl:Belgisch Congo]] [[sv:Belgiska Kongo]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Historia ya Afrika]] 7280 2005-12-07T18:06:08Z Moyogo 11 [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]] moved to [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́ (Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]] [[Image:Hw-stanley.jpg|thumb|Sir Henry Morton Stanley]] [[Image:CSKatangaTCongoBel1950a.jpg|thumb|right|Kɔ́ngɔ ya Babelgi, 1950]] [[Image:LeopoldIIBelgien.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Léopold II.]] [[Image:CongoVillageErased.jpg|thumb|400px|right|Village congolais détruit pour plantation de caoutchouk.]] Voir aussi [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́]] Wuta mobu koto na kama mwambe na tuku mwambe na minei tii mobu koto na kama mwambe na tuku mwambe na mitano, Conférence de Berlin esangisi bana ya [[Eropa]], ya [[America]] mpe ya [[Turkia]] mpona kokamba mibeko mikofungola nzela ya Afrika. Yango epesi mayele na ntoma [[Léopold II]] nakoyebisa mokili mobimba te ebale ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki|Kɔ́ngɔ]] eye ekambami na moleki nzela [[Henry Morton Stanley]], ezali mabele mwa ye mpe na lisanga lya ye. Kasi soki na buku ekolo ya Afrika eye eleki na maboko ya mindele elakisi lokola ekolo ya poto, na mibeko mpe na misala ya mbulamatari, solo ezalaki kokambama lokola eloko ya moto moko. == État Indépendant du Congo (Ekolo ya Bonsomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ)== Mapango ma ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ esalami na bokakoli elongo na mindele miye basilaki kozwa ô kati, mabele manene. Ya solo, likambo lya frontière ya Kɔ́ngɔ esengi kotambola ekolo mobimba mpe kokamba bato na bokasi mpe esengaki kozwa bandeko ya miyindo. Bitumba ekotaki kati ya batekisi mino ya nzoku épai moyindo, épai alabo na bakondzi ya miyindo. Bolongi ya léta epesaki na [[Belgica]] esengo enene. Kasi sango ya malamu ya «État Indépendant du Congo» (to pe "[[Ekolo ya Bonsomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]")te na Belgica mpe na mboka mopaya. Sango ya monyokoli etali mosala ya ndembo ekomi na mpoto. Ntoma Léopold II atindi bato bya bikolo ndenge na ndenge mpona koyeba likambo liina. Matongi na nzoto ya mopaya ebangisi Belgica elingi kosukisa monyokoli. Yango wana ekolo Belgica, mokolo ya zomi na mitano sanza ya zomi na moko mobu koto na kama libwa na mwambe, ekamati bokondzi na etando ya ekolo État Indépendant du Congo. Na bokambami bwa Belgica, ekolo État Indépendant du Congo ekomi lokola mabele moko na Belgica. Na sima ya manso, bato babosani '''monyokoli''' mpe motungisi na tango ya ntoma Léopold II. Akomi ye moko «mokondzi malamu» mpe ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ ekomi «ekolo moyindo ekambi mindele eye ekolakisa nzela». == Mpona kokóma «ekolo moyindo molakisa nzela» == Ekambi miyindo na mindele ekopesa ndakisa, ebongi esala mabe te. Elingaki bokondzi ya botata esimbi Bruxelles mpona bokambi ya miyindo ezala malamu, ekolo emikoka bozwi bwa ye. Kasi etiki na miyindo, manso etali mbulamatari te lokola botei bana ba kelasi, botongi ekolo mpe mosala ya monganga. Bokambi yango ezalaki mpe na makambo ya makasi. Ata mibeko mikokumbisa bikolo ya miyindo miye ekambi ekolo '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ ya Belgica]]''', mosala ya bokasi ekosila kaka na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku misato. Bakopesa bonyile na bapanzi makita mpe na bisanga bya bato kaka na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na libwa. Na mibu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano, posa ya kotombola ekolo ekopesa makanisi ya ekolo Kongo ndakisa malamu. Na tema ya mabe te, bisika bya ekolo Kongo na emoneli ya mokili mobimba ya mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na mwambe, epesaki maloba ya elikya enene. == Bisika bya bato na mbulamatari == Na kati ya ekolo, '''bisika bya bato na mbulamatari''' ekambamaki na ''gouverneur général'' moye akambi mbulamatari mpe akoyebisa manso epai ya ntoma ya bikolo miyindo na minoko ya bakambi mabele. Bango bakotala misala minso ya léta (bofuti pako, misala ya mabele, misala ya botongi ekolo, bobwaki bosoto, bokati makambo, etc). Misala miina ekambami mpe na bakondzi ya miyindo oyo balatisi palata. Na maloba, mokondzi oyo alati palata aponami mpe akokamba mboka wa ye na ndenge ya bokoko. Kasi solo mpenza, ezalaki kosalama ndenge wana te. Mbulamatari alingaki ekolo ekola ndenge ye alingi, kasi na ndenge ya bokoko te. Mokondzi moyindo oyo aponami mpe alati palata ya mbulamatari, azalaki elembo ya bakondzi ya kala ya miyindo na kati ya mbulamatari. Kasi bakondzi mingi baponamaki mpona bilanda landa bya bango na mibeko ya mbulamatari. == Basango == Mateya etali yezu, ezalaki mosala ya '''basango''', bakatolike mpe na baprotestants. Mbulamatari ya Kongo ya Belgica epesaki bango misala miye etali bosungi bato, misala mya bikela mpe bosali bokono. Na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku minei na sambo, banganga nzambe katolike mpe protestant, bazalaki 21% na mindele bakosala ô ekolo Kongo. Lokola ekolo Kongo mibále balekaki basi, banganga nzambe bapesaki misala mingi na basi ya mindele. == Bambulu-mbulu mpe basoda == Basimbi bokondzi bwa mindele, '''bambulu-mbulu mpe basoda'''. Na ebandeli, basoda ya mindele baye bawuti belgica, scandinavia na [[Italia]], etc mpe basoda ya miyindo, bana ya africa ya loboko lwa mwasi, bana ya [[Zanzibar]], bakotika moke-moke esika na basoda ya mboka na bokambami ba Belges. == Minganga == Na sima ya bokono ya mpongi eye ezongaka mbula nyoso, '''minganga''' ya mindele bakosilisa liboso makono ya seko. Wuta mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku misato, bakosalisa bato na bisika bazali mpe bakotambola mboka na mboka; ekobakisama mpe ba lopitalo ya mike mpe ya minene na bisika bya banganga nzambe mpe na bisika ya misala minene. == «Mboka ya zomi» mpe dipanda == Posa ya bondeko bonene kati ya bikolo ya Afrika mpe ya [[Eropa]] ebandi na mibu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano. Mokano ya kobongisa mibeko elingi kokotisa ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ na kati ya mabele ya Belgica. Bato babengi «mboka ya zomi». Mibu mitano na sima ya mobembo monene ya ntoma Baudouin na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na mitano, ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ ezwi dipanda. [[de:Geschichte der Demokratischen Republik Kongo#Belgisch-Kongo]] [[en:History of the Democratic Republic of the Congo#The Belgian Congo]] [[fr:Congo belge]] [[nl:Belgisch Congo]] [[sv:Belgiska Kongo]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Historia ya Afrika]] 7793 2006-03-03T15:41:09Z 160.85.2.50 /* Mpona kokóma «ekolo moyindo molakisa nzela» */ [[Image:Hw-stanley.jpg|thumb|Sir Henry Morton Stanley]] [[Image:CSKatangaTCongoBel1950a.jpg|thumb|right|Kɔ́ngɔ ya Babelgi, 1950]] [[Image:LeopoldIIBelgien.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Léopold II.]] [[Image:CongoVillageErased.jpg|thumb|400px|right|Village congolais détruit pour plantation de caoutchouk.]] Voir aussi [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́]] Wuta mobu koto na kama mwambe na tuku mwambe na minei tii mobu koto na kama mwambe na tuku mwambe na mitano, Conférence de Berlin esangisi bana ya [[Eropa]], ya [[America]] mpe ya [[Turkia]] mpona kokamba mibeko mikofungola nzela ya Afrika. Yango epesi mayele na ntoma [[Léopold II]] nakoyebisa mokili mobimba te ebale ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki|Kɔ́ngɔ]] eye ekambami na moleki nzela [[Henry Morton Stanley]], ezali mabele mwa ye mpe na lisanga lya ye. Kasi soki na buku ekolo ya Afrika eye eleki na maboko ya mindele elakisi lokola ekolo ya poto, na mibeko mpe na misala ya mbulamatari, solo ezalaki kokambama lokola eloko ya moto moko. == État Indépendant du Congo (Ekolo ya Bonsomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ)== Mapango ma ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ esalami na bokakoli elongo na mindele miye basilaki kozwa ô kati, mabele manene. Ya solo, likambo lya frontière ya Kɔ́ngɔ esengi kotambola ekolo mobimba mpe kokamba bato na bokasi mpe esengaki kozwa bandeko ya miyindo. Bitumba ekotaki kati ya batekisi mino ya nzoku épai moyindo, épai alabo na bakondzi ya miyindo. Bolongi ya léta epesaki na [[Belgica]] esengo enene. Kasi sango ya malamu ya «État Indépendant du Congo» (to pe "[[Ekolo ya Bonsomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]")te na Belgica mpe na mboka mopaya. Sango ya monyokoli etali mosala ya ndembo ekomi na mpoto. Ntoma Léopold II atindi bato bya bikolo ndenge na ndenge mpona koyeba likambo liina. Matongi na nzoto ya mopaya ebangisi Belgica elingi kosukisa monyokoli. Yango wana ekolo Belgica, mokolo ya zomi na mitano sanza ya zomi na moko mobu koto na kama libwa na mwambe, ekamati bokondzi na etando ya ekolo État Indépendant du Congo. Na bokambami bwa Belgica, ekolo État Indépendant du Congo ekomi lokola mabele moko na Belgica. Na sima ya manso, bato babosani '''monyokoli''' mpe motungisi na tango ya ntoma Léopold II. Akomi ye moko «mokondzi malamu» mpe ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ ekomi «ekolo moyindo ekambi mindele eye ekolakisa nzela». == Mpona kokóma «ekolo moyindo molakisa nzela» == Ekambi miyindo na mindele ekopesa ndakisa, ebongi esala mabe te. Elingaki bokondzi ya botata esimbi Bruxelles mpona bokambi ya miyindo ezala malamu, ekolo emikoka bozwi bwa ye. Kasi etiki na miyindo, manso etali mbulamatari te lokola botei bana ba kelasi, botongi ekolo mpe mosala ya monganga. Bokambi yango ezalaki mpe na makambo ya makasi. Ata mibeko mikokumbisa bikolo ya miyindo miye ekambi ekolo '''[[Kongo belji|Kɔ́ngɔ ya Belgica]]''', mosala ya bokasi ekosila kaka na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku misato. Bakopesa bonyile na bapanzi makita mpe na bisanga bya bato kaka na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na libwa. Na mibu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano, posa ya kotombola ekolo ekopesa makanisi ya ekolo Kongo ndakisa malamu. Na tema ya mabe te, bisika bya ekolo Kongo na emoneli ya mokili mobimba ya mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na mwambe, epesaki maloba ya elikya enene. == Bisika bya bato na mbulamatari == Na kati ya ekolo, '''bisika bya bato na mbulamatari''' ekambamaki na ''gouverneur général'' moye akambi mbulamatari mpe akoyebisa manso epai ya ntoma ya bikolo miyindo na minoko ya bakambi mabele. Bango bakotala misala minso ya léta (bofuti pako, misala ya mabele, misala ya botongi ekolo, bobwaki bosoto, bokati makambo, etc). Misala miina ekambami mpe na bakondzi ya miyindo oyo balatisi palata. Na maloba, mokondzi oyo alati palata aponami mpe akokamba mboka wa ye na ndenge ya bokoko. Kasi solo mpenza, ezalaki kosalama ndenge wana te. Mbulamatari alingaki ekolo ekola ndenge ye alingi, kasi na ndenge ya bokoko te. Mokondzi moyindo oyo aponami mpe alati palata ya mbulamatari, azalaki elembo ya bakondzi ya kala ya miyindo na kati ya mbulamatari. Kasi bakondzi mingi baponamaki mpona bilanda landa bya bango na mibeko ya mbulamatari. == Basango == Mateya etali yezu, ezalaki mosala ya '''basango''', bakatolike mpe na baprotestants. Mbulamatari ya Kongo ya Belgica epesaki bango misala miye etali bosungi bato, misala mya bikela mpe bosali bokono. Na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku minei na sambo, banganga nzambe katolike mpe protestant, bazalaki 21% na mindele bakosala ô ekolo Kongo. Lokola ekolo Kongo mibále balekaki basi, banganga nzambe bapesaki misala mingi na basi ya mindele. == Bambulu-mbulu mpe basoda == Basimbi bokondzi bwa mindele, '''bambulu-mbulu mpe basoda'''. Na ebandeli, basoda ya mindele baye bawuti belgica, scandinavia na [[Italia]], etc mpe basoda ya miyindo, bana ya africa ya loboko lwa mwasi, bana ya [[Zanzibar]], bakotika moke-moke esika na basoda ya mboka na bokambami ba Belges. == Minganga == Na sima ya bokono ya mpongi eye ezongaka mbula nyoso, '''minganga''' ya mindele bakosilisa liboso makono ya seko. Wuta mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku misato, bakosalisa bato na bisika bazali mpe bakotambola mboka na mboka; ekobakisama mpe ba lopitalo ya mike mpe ya minene na bisika bya banganga nzambe mpe na bisika ya misala minene. == «Mboka ya zomi» mpe dipanda == Posa ya bondeko bonene kati ya bikolo ya Afrika mpe ya [[Eropa]] ebandi na mibu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano. Mokano ya kobongisa mibeko elingi kokotisa ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ na kati ya mabele ya Belgica. Bato babengi «mboka ya zomi». Mibu mitano na sima ya mobembo monene ya ntoma Baudouin na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ na mobu koto na kama libwa na tuku mitano na mitano, ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ ezwi dipanda. [[de:Geschichte der Demokratischen Republik Kongo#Belgisch-Kongo]] [[en:History of the Democratic Republic of the Congo#The Belgian Congo]] [[fr:Congo belge]] [[nl:Belgisch Congo]] [[sv:Belgiska Kongo]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Historia ya Afrika]] Main Page 1097 4664 2005-03-31T10:58:35Z Bombo 12 Main Page moved to Lonkásá ya liboso #REDIRECT [[Lonkásá ya liboso]] 6900 2005-11-15T18:38:31Z 211.49.61.133 double redirect #REDIRECT [[Lonkásá ya libosó]] Ekopekisa 1098 2501 2005-04-02T11:08:34Z Bombo 12 [[category:sida]] Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali: Kaka nde ekanga ekoki '''ekopekisa''' ngenge ya sida. Tokoki kosomba ebateli na bisika biyike: esika batekaka nkisi, makaya masanga. Ebateli ekopekisa nzoto na biso ekoto ngenge ya [[sida]], mpe ezwa [[bokono]] boye bozwamaka ya mwasi na mobali. Ebateli ekopekisa mpe mwasi azwa zemi ntango alingi te. '''Bolamu bwa ekanga bozali na tembe te.''' Ebateli moko okolata yango kaka mbala moko. Tanga malamu mpe landa mibeko mpo ya kosalela yango. 2502 2005-04-02T11:10:56Z Bombo 12 [[category:sida]] Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali: Kaka nde ekanga ekoki '''ekopekisa''' ngenge ya sida. Tokoki kosomba ebateli na bisika biyike: esika batekaka nkisi, makaya masanga. Ebateli ekopekisa nzoto na biso ekoto ngenge ya [[sida]], mpe ezwa [[bokɔnɔ]] boye bozwamaka ya mwasi na mobali. Ebateli ekopekisa mpe mwasi azwa zemi ntango alingi te. '''Bolamu bwa ekanga bozali na tembe te.''' Ebateli moko okolata yango kaka mbala moko. Tanga malamu mpe landa mibeko mpo ya kosalela yango. 2503 2005-04-02T11:20:20Z Bombo 12 [[category:sida]] [[Ndenge ya kolata mpe kosalela ekanga]] Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali: Kaka nde ekanga ekoki '''ekopekisa''' ngenge ya sida. Tokoki kosomba ebateli na bisika biyike: esika batekaka nkisi, makaya masanga. Ebateli ekopekisa nzoto na biso ekoto ngenge ya [[sida]], mpe ezwa [[bokɔnɔ]] boye bozwamaka ya mwasi na mobali. Ebateli ekopekisa mpe mwasi azwa zemi ntango alingi te. '''Bolamu bwa ekanga bozali na tembe te.''' Ebateli moko okolata yango kaka mbala moko. Tanga malamu mpe landa mibeko mpo ya kosalela yango. 2506 2005-04-02T11:39:30Z Bombo 12 [[category:sida]] [[Ekopekisa (Ndenge)|Ndenge ya kolata mpe kosalela ekanga]] Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali: Kaka nde ekanga ekoki '''ekopekisa''' ngenge ya sida. Tokoki kosomba ebateli na bisika biyike: esika batekaka nkisi, makaya masanga. Ebateli ekopekisa nzoto na biso ekoto ngenge ya [[sida]], mpe ezwa [[bokɔnɔ]] boye bozwamaka ya mwasi na mobali. Ebateli ekopekisa mpe mwasi azwa zemi ntango alingi te. '''Bolamu bwa ekanga bozali na tembe te.''' Ebateli moko okolata yango kaka mbala moko. Tanga malamu mpe landa mibeko mpo ya kosalela yango. 2507 2005-04-02T11:53:29Z Bombo 12 [[category:bokɔnɔ]] [[category:sida]] [[Ekopekisa (Ndenge)|Ndenge ya kolata mpe kosalela ekanga]] Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali: Kaka nde ekanga ekoki '''ekopekisa''' ngenge ya sida. Tokoki kosomba ebateli na bisika biyike: esika batekaka nkisi, makaya masanga. Ebateli ekopekisa nzoto na biso ekoto ngenge ya [[sida]], mpe ezwa [[bokɔnɔ]] boye bozwamaka ya mwasi na mobali. Ebateli ekopekisa mpe mwasi azwa zemi ntango alingi te. '''Bolamu bwa ekanga bozali na tembe te.''' Ebateli moko okolata yango kaka mbala moko. Tanga malamu mpe landa mibeko mpo ya kosalela yango. 2508 2005-04-02T12:01:45Z Bombo 12 [[image:Kondom_gruen.jpg|thumb|Ekopikesa]] [[category:bokɔnɔ]] [[category:sida]] [[Ekopekisa (Ndenge)|Ndenge ya kolata mpe kosalela ekanga]] Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali: Kaka nde ekanga ekoki '''ekopekisa''' ngenge ya sida. Tokoki kosomba ebateli na bisika biyike: esika batekaka nkisi, makaya masanga. Ebateli ekopekisa nzoto na biso ekoto ngenge ya [[sida]], mpe ezwa [[bokɔnɔ]] boye bozwamaka ya mwasi na mobali. Ebateli ekopekisa mpe mwasi azwa zemi ntango alingi te. '''Bolamu bwa ekanga bozali na tembe te.''' Ebateli moko okolata yango kaka mbala moko. Tanga malamu mpe landa mibeko mpo ya kosalela yango. 2511 2005-04-02T12:11:31Z Bombo 12 [[image:preservatif1.jpg|thumb|Ekopikesa]] [[category:bokɔnɔ]] [[category:sida]] [[Ekopekisa (Ndenge)|Ndenge ya kolata mpe kosalela ekanga]] Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali: Kaka nde ekanga ekoki '''ekopekisa''' ngenge ya sida. Tokoki kosomba ebateli na bisika biyike: esika batekaka nkisi, makaya masanga. Ebateli ekopekisa nzoto na biso ekoto ngenge ya [[sida]], mpe ezwa [[bokɔnɔ]] boye bozwamaka ya mwasi na mobali. Ebateli ekopekisa mpe mwasi azwa zemi ntango alingi te. '''Bolamu bwa ekanga bozali na tembe te.''' Ebateli moko okolata yango kaka mbala moko. Tanga malamu mpe landa mibeko mpo ya kosalela yango. 2634 2005-04-02T15:02:20Z 80.218.21.70 [[image:preservatif1.jpg|thumb|Ekopikesa]] [[category:boyebi mosala ya mónganga]] [[category:sida]] [[Ekopekisa (Ndenge)|Ndenge ya kolata mpe kosalela ekanga]] Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali: Kaka nde ekanga ekoki '''ekopekisa''' ngenge ya sida. Tokoki kosomba ebateli na bisika biyike: esika batekaka nkisi, makaya masanga. Ebateli ekopekisa nzoto na biso ekoto ngenge ya [[sida]], mpe ezwa [[bokɔnɔ]] boye bozwamaka ya mwasi na mobali. Ebateli ekopekisa mpe mwasi azwa zemi ntango alingi te. '''Bolamu bwa ekanga bozali na tembe te.''' Ebateli moko okolata yango kaka mbala moko. Tanga malamu mpe landa mibeko mpo ya kosalela yango. 4665 2005-05-11T04:20:31Z Moyogo 11 + {{ndambo}} [[image:preservatif1.jpg|thumb|Ekopikesa]] [[category:boyebi mosala ya mónganga]] [[category:sida]] [[Ekopekisa (Ndenge)|Ndenge ya kolata mpe kosalela ekanga]] {{ndambo}} Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali: Kaka nde ekanga ekoki '''ekopekisa''' ngenge ya sida. Tokoki kosomba ebateli na bisika biyike: esika batekaka nkisi, makaya masanga. Ebateli ekopekisa nzoto na biso ekoto ngenge ya [[sida]], mpe ezwa [[bokɔnɔ]] boye bozwamaka ya mwasi na mobali. Ebateli ekopekisa mpe mwasi azwa zemi ntango alingi te. '''Bolamu bwa ekanga bozali na tembe te.''' Ebateli moko okolata yango kaka mbala moko. Tanga malamu mpe landa mibeko mpo ya kosalela yango. 6421 2005-10-10T12:07:26Z Bombo 12 [[image:preservatif1.jpg|thumb|Ekopikesa]] [[category:boyebi mosala ya mónganga]] [[category:sida]] [[Ekopekisa (Ndenge)|Ndenge ya kolata mpe kosalela ekanga]] {{ndambo}} Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali: Kaka nde ekanga ekoki '''ekopekisa''' ngenge ya sida. Tokoki kosomba ebateli na bisika biyike: esika batekaka nkisi, makaya masanga. Ebateli ekopekisa nzoto na biso ekoto ngenge ya [[sida]], mpe ezwa [[bokɔnɔ]] boye bozwamaka ya mwasi na mobali. Ebateli ekopekisa mpe mwasi azwa zemi ntango alingi te. '''Bolamu bwa ekanga bozali na tembe te.''' Ebateli moko okolata yango kaka mbala moko. Tanga malamu mpe landa mibeko mpo ya kosalela yango. ==Voir aussi== [[Nzela ya kopekisa zemi]] 6422 2005-10-10T12:08:47Z Bombo 12 {{ndambo}} [[image:preservatif1.jpg|thumb|Ekopikesa]] [[category:boyebi mosala ya mónganga]] [[category:sida]] [[Ekopekisa (Ndenge)|Ndenge ya kolata mpe kosalela ekanga]] Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali: Kaka nde ekanga ekoki '''ekopekisa''' ngenge ya sida. Tokoki kosomba ebateli na bisika biyike: esika batekaka nkisi, makaya masanga. Ebateli ekopekisa nzoto na biso ekoto ngenge ya [[sida]], mpe ezwa [[bokɔnɔ]] boye bozwamaka ya mwasi na mobali. Ebateli ekopekisa mpe mwasi azwa zemi ntango alingi te. '''Bolamu bwa ekanga bozali na tembe te.''' Ebateli moko okolata yango kaka mbala moko. Tanga malamu mpe landa mibeko mpo ya kosalela yango. ==Voir aussi== * [[Ekopekisa (Ndenge)|Ndenge ya kolata mpe kosalela ekanga]] * [[Nzela ya kopekisa zemi]] 6579 2005-10-27T09:59:48Z Bombo 12 interwiki {{ndambo}} [[image:preservatif1.jpg|thumb|Ekopikesa]] [[category:boyebi mosala ya mónganga]] [[category:sida]] [[Ekopekisa (Ndenge)|Ndenge ya kolata mpe kosalela ekanga]] Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali: Kaka nde ekanga ekoki '''ekopekisa''' ngenge ya sida. Tokoki kosomba ebateli na bisika biyike: esika batekaka nkisi, makaya masanga. Ebateli ekopekisa nzoto na biso ekoto ngenge ya [[sida]], mpe ezwa [[bokɔnɔ]] boye bozwamaka ya mwasi na mobali. Ebateli ekopekisa mpe mwasi azwa zemi ntango alingi te. '''Bolamu bwa ekanga bozali na tembe te.''' Ebateli moko okolata yango kaka mbala moko. Tanga malamu mpe landa mibeko mpo ya kosalela yango. ==Voir aussi== * [[Ekopekisa (Ndenge)|Ndenge ya kolata mpe kosalela ekanga]] * [[Nzela ya kopekisa zemi]] [[cs:Kondom]] [[da:Kondom]] [[en:Condom]] [[eo:Kondomo]] [[es:Preservativo]] [[fa:کاندوم]] [[fi:Kondomi]] [[fr:Préservatif]] [[he:קונדום]] [[id:Kondom]] [[it:Preservativo]] [[ja:コンドーム]] [[ko:콘돔]] [[lt:Prezervatyvas]] [[ms:Kondom]] [[nl:Condoom]] [[pl:Prezerwatywa]] [[pt:Preservativo]] [[ru:Презерватив]] [[sv:Kondom]] 7483 2006-01-03T17:31:53Z Bombo 12 cat {{ndambo}} [[image:preservatif1.jpg|thumb|Ekopikesa]] [[category:Mónganga]] [[category:sida]] [[Ekopekisa (Ndenge)|Ndenge ya kolata mpe kosalela ekanga]] Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali: Kaka nde ekanga ekoki '''ekopekisa''' ngenge ya sida. Tokoki kosomba ebateli na bisika biyike: esika batekaka nkisi, makaya masanga. Ebateli ekopekisa nzoto na biso ekoto ngenge ya [[sida]], mpe ezwa [[bokɔnɔ]] boye bozwamaka ya mwasi na mobali. Ebateli ekopekisa mpe mwasi azwa zemi ntango alingi te. '''Bolamu bwa ekanga bozali na tembe te.''' Ebateli moko okolata yango kaka mbala moko. Tanga malamu mpe landa mibeko mpo ya kosalela yango. ==Voir aussi== * [[Ekopekisa (Ndenge)|Ndenge ya kolata mpe kosalela ekanga]] * [[Nzela ya kopekisa zemi]] [[cs:Kondom]] [[da:Kondom]] [[en:Condom]] [[eo:Kondomo]] [[es:Preservativo]] [[fa:کاندوم]] [[fi:Kondomi]] [[fr:Préservatif]] [[he:קונדום]] [[id:Kondom]] [[it:Preservativo]] [[ja:コンドーム]] [[ko:콘돔]] [[lt:Prezervatyvas]] [[ms:Kondom]] [[nl:Condoom]] [[pl:Prezerwatywa]] [[pt:Preservativo]] [[ru:Презерватив]] [[sv:Kondom]] 7490 2006-01-03T18:03:00Z Bombo 12 corr cat {{ndambo}} [[image:preservatif1.jpg|thumb|Ekopikesa]] [[category:Móngana]] [[category:sida]] [[Ekopekisa (Ndenge)|Ndenge ya kolata mpe kosalela ekanga]] Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali: Kaka nde ekanga ekoki '''ekopekisa''' ngenge ya sida. Tokoki kosomba ebateli na bisika biyike: esika batekaka nkisi, makaya masanga. Ebateli ekopekisa nzoto na biso ekoto ngenge ya [[sida]], mpe ezwa [[bokɔnɔ]] boye bozwamaka ya mwasi na mobali. Ebateli ekopekisa mpe mwasi azwa zemi ntango alingi te. '''Bolamu bwa ekanga bozali na tembe te.''' Ebateli moko okolata yango kaka mbala moko. Tanga malamu mpe landa mibeko mpo ya kosalela yango. ==Voir aussi== * [[Ekopekisa (Ndenge)|Ndenge ya kolata mpe kosalela ekanga]] * [[Nzela ya kopekisa zemi]] [[cs:Kondom]] [[da:Kondom]] [[en:Condom]] [[eo:Kondomo]] [[es:Preservativo]] [[fa:کاندوم]] [[fi:Kondomi]] [[fr:Préservatif]] [[he:קונדום]] [[id:Kondom]] [[it:Preservativo]] [[ja:コンドーム]] [[ko:콘돔]] [[lt:Prezervatyvas]] [[ms:Kondom]] [[nl:Condoom]] [[pl:Prezerwatywa]] [[pt:Preservativo]] [[ru:Презерватив]] [[sv:Kondom]] 7868 2006-03-27T03:30:04Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: de, mk, no, simple, vi, zh Modifie: it {{ndambo}} [[image:preservatif1.jpg|thumb|Ekopikesa]] [[category:Móngana]] [[category:sida]] [[Ekopekisa (Ndenge)|Ndenge ya kolata mpe kosalela ekanga]] Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali: Kaka nde ekanga ekoki '''ekopekisa''' ngenge ya sida. Tokoki kosomba ebateli na bisika biyike: esika batekaka nkisi, makaya masanga. Ebateli ekopekisa nzoto na biso ekoto ngenge ya [[sida]], mpe ezwa [[bokɔnɔ]] boye bozwamaka ya mwasi na mobali. Ebateli ekopekisa mpe mwasi azwa zemi ntango alingi te. '''Bolamu bwa ekanga bozali na tembe te.''' Ebateli moko okolata yango kaka mbala moko. Tanga malamu mpe landa mibeko mpo ya kosalela yango. ==Voir aussi== * [[Ekopekisa (Ndenge)|Ndenge ya kolata mpe kosalela ekanga]] * [[Nzela ya kopekisa zemi]] [[cs:Kondom]] [[da:Kondom]] [[de:Kondom]] [[en:Condom]] [[eo:Kondomo]] [[es:Preservativo]] [[fa:کاندوم]] [[fi:Kondomi]] [[fr:Préservatif]] [[he:קונדום]] [[id:Kondom]] [[it:Profilattico]] [[ja:コンドーム]] [[ko:콘돔]] [[lt:Prezervatyvas]] [[mk:Кондом]] [[ms:Kondom]] [[nl:Condoom]] [[no:Kondom]] [[pl:Prezerwatywa]] [[pt:Preservativo]] [[ru:Презерватив]] [[simple:Condom]] [[sv:Kondom]] [[vi:Bao cao su]] [[zh:避孕套]] 8450 2006-06-15T21:33:28Z 84.189.243.247 {{ndambo}} [[image:Condoms by Morrhigan.jpg|thumb|Ekopikesa]] [[category:Móngana]] [[category:sida]] [[Ekopekisa (Ndenge)|Ndenge ya kolata mpe kosalela ekanga]] Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali: Kaka nde ekanga ekoki '''ekopekisa''' ngenge ya sida. Tokoki kosomba ebateli na bisika biyike: esika batekaka nkisi, makaya masanga. Ebateli ekopekisa nzoto na biso ekoto ngenge ya [[sida]], mpe ezwa [[bokɔnɔ]] boye bozwamaka ya mwasi na mobali. Ebateli ekopekisa mpe mwasi azwa zemi ntango alingi te. '''Bolamu bwa ekanga bozali na tembe te.''' Ebateli moko okolata yango kaka mbala moko. Tanga malamu mpe landa mibeko mpo ya kosalela yango. ==Voir aussi== * [[Ekopekisa (Ndenge)|Ndenge ya kolata mpe kosalela ekanga]] * [[Nzela ya kopekisa zemi]] [[cs:Kondom]] [[da:Kondom]] [[de:Kondom]] [[en:Condom]] [[eo:Kondomo]] [[es:Preservativo]] [[fa:کاندوم]] [[fi:Kondomi]] [[fr:Préservatif]] [[he:קונדום]] [[id:Kondom]] [[it:Profilattico]] [[ja:コンドーム]] [[ko:콘돔]] [[lt:Prezervatyvas]] [[mk:Кондом]] [[ms:Kondom]] [[nl:Condoom]] [[no:Kondom]] [[pl:Prezerwatywa]] [[pt:Preservativo]] [[ru:Презерватив]] [[simple:Condom]] [[sv:Kondom]] [[vi:Bao cao su]] [[zh:避孕套]] 9082 2006-08-08T21:58:09Z Bombo 12 {{ndambo}} [[image:Condoms by Morrhigan.jpg|thumb|Ekopikesa]] [[category:Móngana]] [[category:sida]] [[Ekopekisa (Ndenge)|Ndenge ya kolata mpé kosalela ekanga]] Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali: Kaka nde ekanga ekoki '''ekopekisa''' ngenge ya sida. Tokoki kosomba ebateli na bisika biyike: esika batekaka nkisi, makaya masanga. Ebateli ekopekisa nzoto na biso ekoto ngenge ya [[sida]], mpé ezwa [[bokɔnɔ]] boye bozwamaka ya mwasi na mobali. Ebateli ekopekisa mpé mwasi azwa zemi ntango alingi te. '''Bolamu bwa ekanga bozali na tembe te.''' Ebateli moko okolata yango kaka mbala moko. Tanga malamu mpe landa mibeko mpo ya kosalela yango. ==Voir aussi== * [[Ekopekisa (Ndenge)|Ndenge ya kolata mpé kosalela ekanga]] * [[Nzela ya kopekisa zemi]] [[cs:Kondom]] [[da:Kondom]] [[de:Kondom]] [[en:Condom]] [[eo:Kondomo]] [[es:Preservativo]] [[fa:کاندوم]] [[fi:Kondomi]] [[fr:Préservatif]] [[he:קונדום]] [[id:Kondom]] [[it:Profilattico]] [[ja:コンドーム]] [[ko:콘돔]] [[lt:Prezervatyvas]] [[mk:Кондом]] [[ms:Kondom]] [[nl:Condoom]] [[no:Kondom]] [[pl:Prezerwatywa]] [[pt:Preservativo]] [[ru:Презерватив]] [[simple:Condom]] [[sv:Kondom]] [[vi:Bao cao su]] [[zh:避孕套]] 9084 2006-08-08T22:05:40Z Bombo 12 {{ndambo}} [[image:Condoms by Morrhigan.jpg|thumb|Ekopikesa]] [[category:Móngana]] [[category:sida]] [[Ekopekisa (Ndenge)|Ndenge ya kolata mpé kosalela ekanga]] Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali: Kaka nde ekanga ekoki '''ekopekisa''' ngenge ya sida. Tokoki kosomba ebateli na bisika biyike: esika batekaka nkisi, makaya masanga. Ebateli ekopekisa nzoto na biso ekoto ngenge ya [[sida]], mpé ezwa [[bokɔnɔ]] boye bozwamaka ya mwasi na mobali. Ebateli ekopekisa mpé mwasi azwa zemi ntango alingi te. '''Bolamu bwa ekanga bozali na tembe te.''' Ebateli moko okolata yango kaka mbala moko. Tanga malamu mpé landa mibeko mpo ya kosalela yango. ==Tála mpé== * [[Ekopekisa (Ndenge)|Ndenge ya kolata mpé kosalela ekanga]] * [[Nzela ya kopekisa zemi]] [[cs:Kondom]] [[da:Kondom]] [[de:Kondom]] [[en:Condom]] [[eo:Kondomo]] [[es:Preservativo]] [[fa:کاندوم]] [[fi:Kondomi]] [[fr:Préservatif]] [[he:קונדום]] [[id:Kondom]] [[it:Profilattico]] [[ja:コンドーム]] [[ko:콘돔]] [[lt:Prezervatyvas]] [[mk:Кондом]] [[ms:Kondom]] [[nl:Condoom]] [[no:Kondom]] [[pl:Prezerwatywa]] [[pt:Preservativo]] [[ru:Презерватив]] [[simple:Condom]] [[sv:Kondom]] [[vi:Bao cao su]] [[zh:避孕套]] 9097 2006-08-13T11:44:14Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: br, ca, el, tr, zh-min-nan {{ndambo}} [[image:Condoms by Morrhigan.jpg|thumb|Ekopikesa]] [[category:Móngana]] [[category:sida]] [[Ekopekisa (Ndenge)|Ndenge ya kolata mpé kosalela ekanga]] Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali: Kaka nde ekanga ekoki '''ekopekisa''' ngenge ya sida. Tokoki kosomba ebateli na bisika biyike: esika batekaka nkisi, makaya masanga. Ebateli ekopekisa nzoto na biso ekoto ngenge ya [[sida]], mpé ezwa [[bokɔnɔ]] boye bozwamaka ya mwasi na mobali. Ebateli ekopekisa mpé mwasi azwa zemi ntango alingi te. '''Bolamu bwa ekanga bozali na tembe te.''' Ebateli moko okolata yango kaka mbala moko. Tanga malamu mpé landa mibeko mpo ya kosalela yango. ==Tála mpé== * [[Ekopekisa (Ndenge)|Ndenge ya kolata mpé kosalela ekanga]] * [[Nzela ya kopekisa zemi]] [[br:Stevell]] [[ca:Preservatiu]] [[cs:Kondom]] [[da:Kondom]] [[de:Kondom]] [[el:Προφυλακτικό]] [[en:Condom]] [[eo:Kondomo]] [[es:Preservativo]] [[fa:کاندوم]] [[fi:Kondomi]] [[fr:Préservatif]] [[he:קונדום]] [[id:Kondom]] [[it:Profilattico]] [[ja:コンドーム]] [[ko:콘돔]] [[lt:Prezervatyvas]] [[mk:Кондом]] [[ms:Kondom]] [[nl:Condoom]] [[no:Kondom]] [[pl:Prezerwatywa]] [[pt:Preservativo]] [[ru:Презерватив]] [[simple:Condom]] [[sv:Kondom]] [[tr:Prezervatif]] [[vi:Bao cao su]] [[zh:避孕套]] [[zh-min-nan:Sak-khuh]] Category:Sida 1099 2500 2005-04-02T11:09:59Z Bombo 12 Sida (Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise) epesamaka na ngenge. Ngenge oyo epasaka bokɔnɔ bwa sida elimbisaka bokasi bwa makila ya moto. Ntango ngenge ena ekoti na nzoto ya moto, ekoboma bakengeli ya makila. Mpo bango nde bapekisaka bokɔnɔ bokoto o nzoto ya moto. Kobele bokɔnɔ bwa sida elingi koloba te ngenge yango ekoti na nzoto ya moto mpe sima ya mikolo akobele. 4666 2005-04-02T11:10:32Z Bombo 12 '''Sida''' (Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise) epesamaka na ngenge. Ngenge oyo epasaka bokɔnɔ bwa sida elimbisaka bokasi bwa makila ya moto. Ntango ngenge ena ekoti na nzoto ya moto, ekoboma bakengeli ya makila. Mpo bango nde bapekisaka bokɔnɔ bokoto o nzoto ya moto. Kobele bokɔnɔ bwa sida elingi koloba te ngenge yango ekoti na nzoto ya moto mpe sima ya mikolo akobele. 7014 2005-11-24T11:37:04Z 160.85.2.50 Category '''Sida''' (Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise) epesamaka na ngenge. Ngenge oyo epasaka bokɔnɔ bwa sida elimbisaka bokasi bwa makila ya moto. Ntango ngenge ena ekoti na nzoto ya moto, ekoboma bakengeli ya makila. Mpo bango nde bapekisaka bokɔnɔ bokoto o nzoto ya moto. Kobele bokɔnɔ bwa sida elingi koloba te ngenge yango ekoti na nzoto ya moto mpe sima ya mikolo akobele. [[Category:Móngana]] [[Category:Nzoto kolongono]] Ekopekisa (Ndenge) 1100 2504 2005-04-02T11:48:36Z Bombo 12 [[category:sida]] Ndenge ya kolata mpe kosalela * Fungola malamu ekanga. Keba, manzaka, mino to eloko inso epasola yango te. * Ntango okotiya ekanga, fina na songe to ebandeli na yango, mpo ya kobimisa mopepe mozali na kati. *Lata ekanga na esika ya kimbobalitii na suka. Soki efungwami malamu te, loba olanti yango na ngambo ya mabe; bwaka yango, mpe lata mosusu. * Bima noki o nzozo ya moninga sima ya ''bosopi mayi''; bimisa ekanga na ndenge mayi masopana te, simba ekanga na suka mpe linga yago. * Sima ya bolongoli ekanga, bwaka yango na ekolo ya bosoto. Esengami kotiya ekanga na bisika bya mwa mpio mpe ya koyoma, esika mwinda to moyi makasi mozangi, pamba te ekobeba. 2505 2005-04-02T11:51:34Z Bombo 12 [[category:bokɔnɔ]] [[category:sida]] Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali: Kaka nde ekanga ekoki [['''ekopekisa''']] ngenge ya [[sida]]. Tokoki kosomba ebateli na bisika biyike: esika batekaka nkisi, makaya masanga. [[ Ndenge ya kolata mpe kosalela * Fungola malamu ekanga. Keba, manzaka, mino to eloko inso epasola yango te. * Ntango okotiya ekanga, fina na songe to ebandeli na yango, mpo ya kobimisa mopepe mozali na kati. *Lata ekanga na esika ya kimbobalitii na suka. Soki efungwami malamu te, loba olanti yango na ngambo ya mabe; bwaka yango, mpe lata mosusu. * Bima noki o nzozo ya moninga sima ya ''bosopi mayi''; bimisa ekanga na ndenge mayi masopana te, simba ekanga na suka mpe linga yago. * Sima ya bolongoli ekanga, bwaka yango na ekolo ya bosoto. Esengami kotiya ekanga na bisika bya mwa mpio mpe ya koyoma, esika mwinda to moyi makasi mozangi, pamba te ekobeba. 2509 2005-04-02T11:52:12Z Bombo 12 [[category:bokɔnɔ]] [[category:sida]] Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali: Kaka nde ekanga ekoki '''[[ekopekisa]]''' ngenge ya [[sida]]. Tokoki kosomba ebateli na bisika biyike: esika batekaka nkisi, makaya masanga. Ndenge ya kolata mpe kosalela * Fungola malamu ekanga. Keba, manzaka, mino to eloko inso epasola yango te. * Ntango okotiya ekanga, fina na songe to ebandeli na yango, mpo ya kobimisa mopepe mozali na kati. *Lata ekanga na esika ya kimbobalitii na suka. Soki efungwami malamu te, loba olanti yango na ngambo ya mabe; bwaka yango, mpe lata mosusu. * Bima noki o nzozo ya moninga sima ya ''bosopi mayi''; bimisa ekanga na ndenge mayi masopana te, simba ekanga na suka mpe linga yago. * Sima ya bolongoli ekanga, bwaka yango na ekolo ya bosoto. Esengami kotiya ekanga na bisika bya mwa mpio mpe ya koyoma, esika mwinda to moyi makasi mozangi, pamba te ekobeba. 2512 2005-04-02T12:19:50Z Bombo 12 [[image:preservatif-emploi.jpg|70px|left|Ekopikesa]] [[category:bokɔnɔ]] [[category:sida]] Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali: Kaka nde ekanga ekoki '''[[ekopekisa]]''' ngenge ya [[sida]]. Tokoki kosomba ebateli na bisika biyike: esika batekaka nkisi, makaya masanga. Ndenge ya kolata mpe kosalela * Fungola malamu ekanga. Keba, manzaka, mino to eloko inso epasola yango te. * Ntango okotiya ekanga, fina na songe to ebandeli na yango, mpo ya kobimisa mopepe mozali na kati. *Lata ekanga na esika ya kimbobalitii na suka. Soki efungwami malamu te, loba olanti yango na ngambo ya mabe; bwaka yango, mpe lata mosusu. * Bima noki o nzozo ya moninga sima ya ''bosopi mayi''; bimisa ekanga na ndenge mayi masopana te, simba ekanga na suka mpe linga yago. * Sima ya bolongoli ekanga, bwaka yango na ekolo ya bosoto. Esengami kotiya ekanga na bisika bya mwa mpio mpe ya koyoma, esika mwinda to moyi makasi mozangi, pamba te ekobeba. 2513 2005-04-02T15:02:42Z 80.218.21.70 [[image:preservatif-emploi.jpg|70px|left|Ekopikesa]] [[category:boyebi mosala ya mónganga]] [[category:sida]] Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali: Kaka nde ekanga ekoki '''[[ekopekisa]]''' ngenge ya [[sida]]. Tokoki kosomba ebateli na bisika biyike: esika batekaka nkisi, makaya masanga. Ndenge ya kolata mpe kosalela * Fungola malamu ekanga. Keba, manzaka, mino to eloko inso epasola yango te. * Ntango okotiya ekanga, fina na songe to ebandeli na yango, mpo ya kobimisa mopepe mozali na kati. *Lata ekanga na esika ya kimbobalitii na suka. Soki efungwami malamu te, loba olanti yango na ngambo ya mabe; bwaka yango, mpe lata mosusu. * Bima noki o nzozo ya moninga sima ya ''bosopi mayi''; bimisa ekanga na ndenge mayi masopana te, simba ekanga na suka mpe linga yago. * Sima ya bolongoli ekanga, bwaka yango na ekolo ya bosoto. Esengami kotiya ekanga na bisika bya mwa mpio mpe ya koyoma, esika mwinda to moyi makasi mozangi, pamba te ekobeba. 2635 2005-04-02T15:03:19Z 80.218.21.70 [[image:preservatif-emploi.jpg|70px|left|thumb|Ekopikesa]] [[category:boyebi mosala ya mónganga]] [[category:sida]] Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali: Kaka nde ekanga ekoki '''[[ekopekisa]]''' ngenge ya [[sida]]. Tokoki kosomba ebateli na bisika biyike: esika batekaka nkisi, makaya masanga. Ndenge ya kolata mpe kosalela * Fungola malamu ekanga. Keba, manzaka, mino to eloko inso epasola yango te. * Ntango okotiya ekanga, fina na songe to ebandeli na yango, mpo ya kobimisa mopepe mozali na kati. *Lata ekanga na esika ya kimbobalitii na suka. Soki efungwami malamu te, loba olanti yango na ngambo ya mabe; bwaka yango, mpe lata mosusu. * Bima noki o nzozo ya moninga sima ya ''bosopi mayi''; bimisa ekanga na ndenge mayi masopana te, simba ekanga na suka mpe linga yago. * Sima ya bolongoli ekanga, bwaka yango na ekolo ya bosoto. Esengami kotiya ekanga na bisika bya mwa mpio mpe ya koyoma, esika mwinda to moyi makasi mozangi, pamba te ekobeba. 4667 2005-05-11T04:20:49Z Moyogo 11 + {{ndambo}} [[image:preservatif-emploi.jpg|70px|left|thumb|Ekopikesa]] [[category:boyebi mosala ya mónganga]] [[category:sida]] Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali: Kaka nde ekanga ekoki '''[[ekopekisa]]''' ngenge ya [[sida]]. Tokoki kosomba ebateli na bisika biyike: esika batekaka nkisi, makaya masanga. {{ndambo}} Ndenge ya kolata mpe kosalela * Fungola malamu ekanga. Keba, manzaka, mino to eloko inso epasola yango te. * Ntango okotiya ekanga, fina na songe to ebandeli na yango, mpo ya kobimisa mopepe mozali na kati. *Lata ekanga na esika ya kimbobalitii na suka. Soki efungwami malamu te, loba olanti yango na ngambo ya mabe; bwaka yango, mpe lata mosusu. * Bima noki o nzozo ya moninga sima ya ''bosopi mayi''; bimisa ekanga na ndenge mayi masopana te, simba ekanga na suka mpe linga yago. * Sima ya bolongoli ekanga, bwaka yango na ekolo ya bosoto. Esengami kotiya ekanga na bisika bya mwa mpio mpe ya koyoma, esika mwinda to moyi makasi mozangi, pamba te ekobeba. 6890 2005-11-14T17:14:14Z Bombo 12 img {{ndambo}} [[image:CondomUse.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Ekopikesa]] [[category:boyebi mosala ya mónganga]] [[category:sida]] Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali: Kaka nde ekanga ekoki '''[[ekopekisa]]''' ngenge ya [[sida]]. Tokoki kosomba ebateli na bisika biyike: esika batekaka nkisi, makaya masanga. Ndenge ya kolata mpe kosalela * Fungola malamu ekanga. Keba, manzaka, mino to eloko inso epasola yango te. * Ntango okotiya ekanga, fina na songe to ebandeli na yango, mpo ya kobimisa mopepe mozali na kati. *Lata ekanga na esika ya kimbobalitii na suka. Soki efungwami malamu te, loba olanti yango na ngambo ya mabe; bwaka yango, mpe lata mosusu. * Bima noki o nzozo ya moninga sima ya ''bosopi mayi''; bimisa ekanga na ndenge mayi masopana te, simba ekanga na suka mpe linga yago. * Sima ya bolongoli ekanga, bwaka yango na ekolo ya bosoto. Esengami kotiya ekanga na bisika bya mwa mpio mpe ya koyoma, esika mwinda to moyi makasi mozangi, pamba te ekobeba. 7484 2006-01-03T17:33:23Z Bombo 12 cat {{ndambo}} [[image:CondomUse.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Ekopikesa]] [[category:Mónganga]] [[category:sida]] Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali: Kaka nde ekanga ekoki '''[[ekopekisa]]''' ngenge ya [[sida]]. Tokoki kosomba ebateli na bisika biyike: esika batekaka nkisi, makaya masanga. Ndenge ya kolata mpe kosalela * Fungola malamu ekanga. Keba, manzaka, mino to eloko inso epasola yango te. * Ntango okotiya ekanga, fina na songe to ebandeli na yango, mpo ya kobimisa mopepe mozali na kati. *Lata ekanga na esika ya kimbobalitii na suka. Soki efungwami malamu te, loba olanti yango na ngambo ya mabe; bwaka yango, mpe lata mosusu. * Bima noki o nzozo ya moninga sima ya ''bosopi mayi''; bimisa ekanga na ndenge mayi masopana te, simba ekanga na suka mpe linga yago. * Sima ya bolongoli ekanga, bwaka yango na ekolo ya bosoto. Esengami kotiya ekanga na bisika bya mwa mpio mpe ya koyoma, esika mwinda to moyi makasi mozangi, pamba te ekobeba. 7491 2006-01-03T18:04:36Z Bombo 12 corr cat {{ndambo}} [[image:CondomUse.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Ekopikesa]] [[category:Móngana]] [[category:sida]] Ntango ya botamboli ya mwasi na mobali: Kaka nde ekanga ekoki '''[[ekopekisa]]''' ngenge ya [[sida]]. Tokoki kosomba ebateli na bisika biyike: esika batekaka nkisi, makaya masanga. Ndenge ya kolata mpe kosalela * Fungola malamu ekanga. Keba, manzaka, mino to eloko inso epasola yango te. * Ntango okotiya ekanga, fina na songe to ebandeli na yango, mpo ya kobimisa mopepe mozali na kati. *Lata ekanga na esika ya kimbobalitii na suka. Soki efungwami malamu te, loba olanti yango na ngambo ya mabe; bwaka yango, mpe lata mosusu. * Bima noki o nzozo ya moninga sima ya ''bosopi mayi''; bimisa ekanga na ndenge mayi masopana te, simba ekanga na suka mpe linga yago. * Sima ya bolongoli ekanga, bwaka yango na ekolo ya bosoto. Esengami kotiya ekanga na bisika bya mwa mpio mpe ya koyoma, esika mwinda to moyi makasi mozangi, pamba te ekobeba. Ndenge ya sida 1101 2651 2005-04-02T15:01:44Z 80.218.21.70 [[category:boyebi mosala ya mónganga]] [[category:bokɔnɔ]] [[category:sida]] 4668 2005-05-11T04:40:30Z Moyogo 11 +{{ndámbo}} {{ndámbo}} [[category:boyebi mosala ya mónganga]] [[category:bokɔnɔ]] [[category:sida]] 7485 2006-01-03T17:34:49Z Bombo 12 cat {{ndámbo}} [[category:Mónganga]] [[category:bokɔnɔ]] [[category:sida]] 7489 2006-01-03T18:01:03Z Bombo 12 corr cat {{ndámbo}} [[category:Móngana]] [[category:bokɔnɔ]] [[category:sida]] Talk:Lonkásá ya libosó 1102 2568 2005-04-03T17:19:07Z Moyogo 11 Nouveau plan: J'ai fait un nouveau plan. On pourrait l'utiliser sur la page [[Lingála]] et [[Lonkásá ya liboso]]. <nowiki>[[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png]]</nowiki> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png]] <nowiki>[[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|thumb]]</nowiki> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|thumb]] 2577 2005-04-03T17:19:30Z Moyogo 11 ==Nouveau plan== J'ai fait un nouveau plan. On pourrait l'utiliser sur la page [[Lingála]] et [[Lonkásá ya liboso]]. <nowiki>[[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png]]</nowiki> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png]] <nowiki>[[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|thumb]]</nowiki> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|thumb]] 2578 2005-04-11T13:21:49Z Bombo 12 ==Nouveau plan== J'ai fait un nouveau plan. On pourrait l'utiliser sur la page [[Lingála]] et [[Lonkásá ya liboso]]. <nowiki>[[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png]]</nowiki> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png]] <nowiki>[[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|thumb]]</nowiki> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|thumb]] ---- [[Image:Lingala.jpg|thumb|225px|vert foncé: lingála langue maternelle; vert clair: lingála langue véhiculaire]] [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|right|thumb|Distribution géographique de la langue]] Entre l'ancienne carte (pas selon les indications wikipédia) il y avait deux informations. Celle de la diffusion géographique comme langue véhiculaire (vert claire manque), p.ex. le nord de l'Angola. Par contre la nouvelle carte est plus belle. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:21, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC) 2579 2005-04-11T13:23:12Z Bombo 12 ==Nouveau plan== [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|thumb]] J'ai fait un nouveau plan. On pourrait l'utiliser sur la page [[Lingála]] et [[Lonkásá ya liboso]]. <nowiki>[[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png]]</nowiki> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png]] <nowiki>[[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|thumb]]</nowiki> ---- [[Image:Lingala.jpg|thumb|225px|vert foncé: lingála langue maternelle; vert clair: lingála langue véhiculaire]] [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|right|thumb|Distribution géographique de la langue]] Entre l'ancienne carte (pas selon les indications wikipédia) il y avait deux informations. Celle de la diffusion géographique comme langue véhiculaire (vert claire manque), p.ex. le nord de l'Angola. Par contre la nouvelle carte est plus belle. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:21, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC) 4669 2005-04-12T03:20:27Z Moyogo 11 ==Nouveau plan== [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|thumb]] J'ai fait un nouveau plan. On pourrait l'utiliser sur la page [[Lingála]] et [[Lonkásá ya liboso]]. <nowiki>[[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png]]</nowiki> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png]] <nowiki>[[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|thumb]]</nowiki> ---- [[Image:Lingala.jpg|thumb|225px|vert foncé: lingála langue maternelle; vert clair: lingála langue véhiculaire]] [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|right|thumb|Distribution géographique de la langue]] Entre l'ancienne carte (pas selon les indications wikipédia) il y avait deux informations. Celle de la diffusion géographique comme langue véhiculaire (vert claire manque), p.ex. le nord de l'Angola. Par contre la nouvelle carte est plus belle. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:21, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC) ---- Est-ce que c'est mieux comme ça? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:20, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC) [[:Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png]] [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|left]] 5211 2005-07-03T23:05:45Z 24.251.198.251 interface translations ==Nouveau plan== [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|thumb]] J'ai fait un nouveau plan. On pourrait l'utiliser sur la page [[Lingála]] et [[Lonkásá ya liboso]]. <nowiki>[[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png]]</nowiki> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png]] <nowiki>[[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|thumb]]</nowiki> ---- [[Image:Lingala.jpg|thumb|225px|vert foncé: lingála langue maternelle; vert clair: lingála langue véhiculaire]] [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|right|thumb|Distribution géographique de la langue]] Entre l'ancienne carte (pas selon les indications wikipédia) il y avait deux informations. Celle de la diffusion géographique comme langue véhiculaire (vert claire manque), p.ex. le nord de l'Angola. Par contre la nouvelle carte est plus belle. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:21, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC) ---- Est-ce que c'est mieux comme ça? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:20, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC) [[:Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png]] [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|left]] == interface translations == Why are interface translations in French and Lingala, instead of JUST lingala?? 6029 2005-08-27T13:28:34Z 80.218.77.97 lingála / français ==Nouveau plan== [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|thumb]] J'ai fait un nouveau plan. On pourrait l'utiliser sur la page [[Lingála]] et [[Lonkásá ya liboso]]. <nowiki>[[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png]]</nowiki> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png]] <nowiki>[[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|thumb]]</nowiki> ---- [[Image:Lingala.jpg|thumb|225px|vert foncé: lingála langue maternelle; vert clair: lingála langue véhiculaire]] [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|right|thumb|Distribution géographique de la langue]] Entre l'ancienne carte (pas selon les indications wikipédia) il y avait deux informations. Celle de la diffusion géographique comme langue véhiculaire (vert claire manque), p.ex. le nord de l'Angola. Par contre la nouvelle carte est plus belle. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:21, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC) ---- Est-ce que c'est mieux comme ça? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:20, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC) [[:Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png]] [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|left]] == interface translations == Why are interface translations in French and Lingala, instead of JUST lingala?? == lingála / français == Unfortunately the number of Lingála speaking participants on the Lingála Wikipedia is very small. Some people who help the Lingála Wikipedia can't speak very well the Lingála language. That is the reason because some menus are bilingual Lingála/French. First all tools were in English. Let's find a lot of Lingála speaking peoble who participe and we don't need anymore the French translation! --[[User:80.218.77.97|80.218.77.97]] 13:28, 27 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) 6030 2005-08-27T13:29:58Z 80.218.77.97 /* lingála / français */ ==Nouveau plan== [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|thumb]] J'ai fait un nouveau plan. On pourrait l'utiliser sur la page [[Lingála]] et [[Lonkásá ya liboso]]. <nowiki>[[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png]]</nowiki> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png]] <nowiki>[[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|thumb]]</nowiki> ---- [[Image:Lingala.jpg|thumb|225px|vert foncé: lingála langue maternelle; vert clair: lingála langue véhiculaire]] [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|right|thumb|Distribution géographique de la langue]] Entre l'ancienne carte (pas selon les indications wikipédia) il y avait deux informations. Celle de la diffusion géographique comme langue véhiculaire (vert claire manque), p.ex. le nord de l'Angola. Par contre la nouvelle carte est plus belle. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:21, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC) ---- Est-ce que c'est mieux comme ça? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:20, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC) [[:Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png]] [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|left]] == interface translations == Why are interface translations in French and Lingala, instead of JUST lingala?? == lingála / français == Unfortunately the number of Lingála speaking participants on the Lingála Wikipedia is very small. Some people who help the Lingála Wikipedia can't speak very well the Lingála language. That is the reason because some menus are bilingual Lingála/French. First all tools were in English. Let's find a lot of Lingála speaking peoble who participe and we don't need anymore the French translation! Please sign your comments. Thank you. --[[User:Bombo]] 13:28, 27 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) 6031 2005-08-27T13:33:28Z Bombo 12 /* Nouveau plan */ ==Nouveau plan== [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|thumb]] J'ai fait un nouveau plan. On pourrait l'utiliser sur la page [[Lingála]] et [[Lonkásá ya liboso]]. <nowiki>[[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png]]</nowiki> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png]] <nowiki>[[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|thumb]]</nowiki> ---- [[Image:Lingala.jpg|thumb|225px|vert foncé: lingála langue maternelle; vert clair: lingála langue véhiculaire]] [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|right|thumb|Distribution géographique de la langue]] Entre l'ancienne carte (pas selon les indications wikipédia) il y avait deux informations. Celle de la diffusion géographique comme langue véhiculaire (vert claire manque), p.ex. le nord de l'Angola. Par contre la nouvelle carte est plus belle. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:21, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC) ---- Est-ce que c'est mieux comme ça? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:20, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC) [[:Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png]] [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|left]] --- Parfait. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:21, 27 Aug 2005 (UTC) == interface translations == Why are interface translations in French and Lingala, instead of JUST lingala?? == lingála / français == Unfortunately the number of Lingála speaking participants on the Lingála Wikipedia is very small. Some people who help the Lingála Wikipedia can't speak very well the Lingála language. That is the reason because some menus are bilingual Lingála/French. First all tools were in English. Let's find a lot of Lingála speaking peoble who participe and we don't need anymore the French translation! Please sign your comments. Thank you. --[[User:Bombo]] 13:28, 27 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) 6032 2005-08-27T13:34:12Z Bombo 12 /* lingála / français */ ==Nouveau plan== [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|thumb]] J'ai fait un nouveau plan. On pourrait l'utiliser sur la page [[Lingála]] et [[Lonkásá ya liboso]]. <nowiki>[[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png]]</nowiki> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png]] <nowiki>[[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|thumb]]</nowiki> ---- [[Image:Lingala.jpg|thumb|225px|vert foncé: lingála langue maternelle; vert clair: lingála langue véhiculaire]] [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|right|thumb|Distribution géographique de la langue]] Entre l'ancienne carte (pas selon les indications wikipédia) il y avait deux informations. Celle de la diffusion géographique comme langue véhiculaire (vert claire manque), p.ex. le nord de l'Angola. Par contre la nouvelle carte est plus belle. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:21, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC) ---- Est-ce que c'est mieux comme ça? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:20, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC) [[:Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png]] [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|left]] --- Parfait. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:21, 27 Aug 2005 (UTC) == interface translations == Why are interface translations in French and Lingala, instead of JUST lingala?? 6033 2005-08-27T13:35:03Z Bombo 12 /* interface translations */ ==Nouveau plan== [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|thumb]] J'ai fait un nouveau plan. On pourrait l'utiliser sur la page [[Lingála]] et [[Lonkásá ya liboso]]. <nowiki>[[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png]]</nowiki> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png]] <nowiki>[[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|thumb]]</nowiki> ---- [[Image:Lingala.jpg|thumb|225px|vert foncé: lingála langue maternelle; vert clair: lingála langue véhiculaire]] [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|right|thumb|Distribution géographique de la langue]] Entre l'ancienne carte (pas selon les indications wikipédia) il y avait deux informations. Celle de la diffusion géographique comme langue véhiculaire (vert claire manque), p.ex. le nord de l'Angola. Par contre la nouvelle carte est plus belle. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:21, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC) ---- Est-ce que c'est mieux comme ça? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:20, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC) [[:Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png]] [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|left]] --- Parfait. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:21, 27 Aug 2005 (UTC) == interface translations == Why are interface translations in French and Lingala, instead of JUST lingala?? --- === lingála / français === Unfortunately the number of Lingála speaking participants on the Lingála Wikipedia is very small. Some people who help the Lingála Wikipedia can't speak very well the Lingála language. That is the reason because some menus are bilingual Lingála/French. First all tools were in English. Let's find a lot of Lingála speaking peoble who participe and we don't need anymore the French translation! Please sign your comments. Thank you. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:28, 27 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) 6034 2005-08-27T13:36:01Z Bombo 12 /* Nouveau plan */ ==Nouveau plan== [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|thumb]] J'ai fait un nouveau plan. On pourrait l'utiliser sur la page [[Lingála]] et [[Lonkásá ya liboso]]. <nowiki>[[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png]]</nowiki> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png]] <nowiki>[[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|thumb]]</nowiki> ---- [[Image:Lingala.jpg|thumb|225px|vert foncé: lingála langue maternelle; vert clair: lingála langue véhiculaire]] [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|right|thumb|Distribution géographique de la langue]] Entre l'ancienne carte (pas selon les indications wikipédia) il y avait deux informations. Celle de la diffusion géographique comme langue véhiculaire (vert claire manque), p.ex. le nord de l'Angola. Par contre la nouvelle carte est plus belle. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:21, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC) ---- Est-ce que c'est mieux comme ça? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:20, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC) [[:Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png]] [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|left]] ---- Parfait. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:21, 27 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) == interface translations == Why are interface translations in French and Lingala, instead of JUST lingala?? --- === lingála / français === Unfortunately the number of Lingála speaking participants on the Lingála Wikipedia is very small. Some people who help the Lingála Wikipedia can't speak very well the Lingála language. That is the reason because some menus are bilingual Lingála/French. First all tools were in English. Let's find a lot of Lingála speaking peoble who participe and we don't need anymore the French translation! Please sign your comments. Thank you. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:28, 27 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) 6035 2005-08-27T13:36:47Z Bombo 12 /* interface translations */ ==Nouveau plan== [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|thumb]] J'ai fait un nouveau plan. On pourrait l'utiliser sur la page [[Lingála]] et [[Lonkásá ya liboso]]. <nowiki>[[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png]]</nowiki> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png]] <nowiki>[[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|thumb]]</nowiki> ---- [[Image:Lingala.jpg|thumb|225px|vert foncé: lingála langue maternelle; vert clair: lingála langue véhiculaire]] [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|right|thumb|Distribution géographique de la langue]] Entre l'ancienne carte (pas selon les indications wikipédia) il y avait deux informations. Celle de la diffusion géographique comme langue véhiculaire (vert claire manque), p.ex. le nord de l'Angola. Par contre la nouvelle carte est plus belle. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:21, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC) ---- Est-ce que c'est mieux comme ça? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:20, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC) [[:Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png]] [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|left]] ---- Parfait. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:21, 27 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) == interface translations == Why are interface translations in French and Lingala, instead of JUST lingala?? ---- ==== lingála / français ==== Unfortunately the number of Lingála speaking participants on the Lingála Wikipedia is very small. Some people who help the Lingála Wikipedia can't speak very well the Lingála language. That is the reason because some menus are bilingual Lingála/French. First all tools were in English. Let's find a lot of Lingála speaking peoble who participe and we don't need anymore the French translation! Please sign your comments. Thank you. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:28, 27 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) 6044 2005-08-30T06:51:44Z 24.251.198.251 /* interface translations */ ==Nouveau plan== [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|thumb]] J'ai fait un nouveau plan. On pourrait l'utiliser sur la page [[Lingála]] et [[Lonkásá ya liboso]]. <nowiki>[[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png]]</nowiki> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png]] <nowiki>[[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|thumb]]</nowiki> ---- [[Image:Lingala.jpg|thumb|225px|vert foncé: lingála langue maternelle; vert clair: lingála langue véhiculaire]] [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|right|thumb|Distribution géographique de la langue]] Entre l'ancienne carte (pas selon les indications wikipédia) il y avait deux informations. Celle de la diffusion géographique comme langue véhiculaire (vert claire manque), p.ex. le nord de l'Angola. Par contre la nouvelle carte est plus belle. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:21, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC) ---- Est-ce que c'est mieux comme ça? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:20, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC) [[:Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png]] [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|left]] ---- Parfait. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:21, 27 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) == interface translations == Why are interface translations in French and Lingala, instead of JUST lingala?? ---- ==== lingála / français ==== Unfortunately the number of Lingála speaking participants on the Lingála Wikipedia is very small. Some people who help the Lingála Wikipedia can't speak very well the Lingála language. That is the reason because some menus are bilingual Lingála/French. First all tools were in English. Let's find a lot of Lingála speaking peoble who participe and we don't need anymore the French translation! Please sign your comments. Thank you. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:28, 27 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) :That's no excuse. If you do not remove French right away, I will complain on meta-wiki. 6045 2005-08-30T16:13:13Z 160.85.2.50 /* interface translations */ ==Nouveau plan== [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|thumb]] J'ai fait un nouveau plan. On pourrait l'utiliser sur la page [[Lingála]] et [[Lonkásá ya liboso]]. <nowiki>[[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png]]</nowiki> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png]] <nowiki>[[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|thumb]]</nowiki> ---- [[Image:Lingala.jpg|thumb|225px|vert foncé: lingála langue maternelle; vert clair: lingála langue véhiculaire]] [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|right|thumb|Distribution géographique de la langue]] Entre l'ancienne carte (pas selon les indications wikipédia) il y avait deux informations. Celle de la diffusion géographique comme langue véhiculaire (vert claire manque), p.ex. le nord de l'Angola. Par contre la nouvelle carte est plus belle. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:21, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC) ---- Est-ce que c'est mieux comme ça? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:20, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC) [[:Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png]] [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|left]] ---- Parfait. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:21, 27 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) == interface translations == Why are interface translations in French and Lingala, instead of JUST lingala?? ==== lingála / français ==== :Unfortunately the number of Lingála speaking participants on the Lingála Wikipedia is very small. Some people who help the Lingála Wikipedia can't speak very well the Lingála language. That is the reason because some menus are bilingual Lingála/French. First all tools were in English. Let's find a lot of Lingála speaking peoble who participe and we don't need anymore the French translation! Please sign your comments. Thank you. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:28, 27 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) ::That's no excuse. If you do not remove French right away, I will complain on meta-wiki. ==== WP is democratic ==== :::There was a consensus about this befor you arrived on the ln WP, but WP is democratic, so you can register and then start a discussion about this topic on http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Community_Portal Meta sais about Wikipedia: Wikipedia has three meanings * First, it is an encyclopedia. This is the end product, which has to be promoted (via press release, interviews), stabilized (cd and paper version), distributed (in as many countries and as many languages possible) and protected (respect of our copyright, brand name) * Second, it is a project. With all its technical requirements, data organisation etc * Third, it is a community, rather loose, very diverse, with participants having one common goal : making free and organised content together... and perhaps as many related goals as there are participants Please help us, we need people like you for new articles in Lingála or who translate articles from the English (or another) Wikipedia to Lingála. --[[User:160.85.2.50|160.85.2.50]] 16:13, 30 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) 6046 2005-08-30T16:22:57Z 160.85.2.50 ==Nouveau plan== [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|right|thumb|Distribution géographique de la langue]] J'ai fait un nouveau plan. On pourrait l'utiliser sur la page [[Lingála]] et [[Lonkásá ya liboso]]. <nowiki>[[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png]]</nowiki> [[Image:Lingala.jpg|thumb|225px|vert foncé: lingála langue maternelle; vert clair: lingála langue véhiculaire]] :Entre l'ancienne carte (pas selon les indications wikipédia) il y avait deux informations. Celle de la diffusion géographique comme langue véhiculaire (vert claire manque), p.ex. le nord de l'Angola. Par contre la nouvelle carte est plus belle. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:21, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC) [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|right]] ::Est-ce que c'est mieux comme ça? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:20, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC) :::Parfait. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:21, 27 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) == interface translations == Why are interface translations in French and Lingala, instead of JUST lingala?? :Unfortunately the number of Lingála speaking participants on the Lingála Wikipedia is very small. Some people who help the Lingála Wikipedia can't speak very well the Lingála language. That is the reason because some menus are bilingual Lingála/French. First all tools were in English. :Let's find a lot of Lingála speaking peoble who participe and we don't need anymore the French translation! :Please sign your comments. Thank you. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:28, 27 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) ::That's no excuse. If you do not remove French right away, I will complain on meta-wiki. :::There was a consensus about this befor you arrived on the ln WP, but WP is democratic, so you can register and then start a discussion about this topic on http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Community_Portal :::Meta sais about Wikipedia: Wikipedia has three meanings: :::* First, it is an encyclopedia. This is the end product, which has to be promoted (via press release, interviews), stabilized (cd and paper version), distributed (in as many countries and as many languages possible) and protected (respect of our copyright, brand name) :::* Second, it is a project. With all its technical requirements, data organisation etc :::* Third, it is a community, rather loose, very diverse, with participants having one common goal : making free and organised content together... and perhaps as many related goals as there are participants :::Please help us, we need people like you for new articles in Lingála or who translate articles from the English (or another) Wikipedia to Lingála. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 16:13, 30 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) 6187 2005-09-08T08:03:47Z Angela 4 interface languages ==Nouveau plan== [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|right|thumb|Distribution géographique de la langue]] J'ai fait un nouveau plan. On pourrait l'utiliser sur la page [[Lingála]] et [[Lonkásá ya liboso]]. <nowiki>[[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png]]</nowiki> [[Image:Lingala.jpg|thumb|225px|vert foncé: lingála langue maternelle; vert clair: lingála langue véhiculaire]] :Entre l'ancienne carte (pas selon les indications wikipédia) il y avait deux informations. Celle de la diffusion géographique comme langue véhiculaire (vert claire manque), p.ex. le nord de l'Angola. Par contre la nouvelle carte est plus belle. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:21, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC) [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|right]] ::Est-ce que c'est mieux comme ça? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:20, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC) :::Parfait. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:21, 27 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) == interface translations == Why are interface translations in French and Lingala, instead of JUST lingala?? :Unfortunately the number of Lingála speaking participants on the Lingála Wikipedia is very small. Some people who help the Lingála Wikipedia can't speak very well the Lingála language. That is the reason because some menus are bilingual Lingála/French. First all tools were in English. :Let's find a lot of Lingála speaking peoble who participe and we don't need anymore the French translation! :Please sign your comments. Thank you. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:28, 27 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) ::That's no excuse. If you do not remove French right away, I will complain on meta-wiki. :::There was a consensus about this befor you arrived on the ln WP, but WP is democratic, so you can register and then start a discussion about this topic on http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Community_Portal :::Meta sais about Wikipedia: Wikipedia has three meanings: :::* First, it is an encyclopedia. This is the end product, which has to be promoted (via press release, interviews), stabilized (cd and paper version), distributed (in as many countries and as many languages possible) and protected (respect of our copyright, brand name) :::* Second, it is a project. With all its technical requirements, data organisation etc :::* Third, it is a community, rather loose, very diverse, with participants having one common goal : making free and organised content together... and perhaps as many related goals as there are participants :::Please help us, we need people like you for new articles in Lingála or who translate articles from the English (or another) Wikipedia to Lingála. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 16:13, 30 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) ::::Mark has brought this issue up on the [http://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2005-September/041411.html Wikipedia mailing list]. Have you considered just setting your own [[Special:Preferences|Preferences]] to French rather than adding French to the default interface? Any logged in user can see the interface in any language after setting their preferences, and non-logged users can do so by appending <tt>&uselang=en</tt> to the URL, like [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lonk%C3%A1s%C3%A1_ya_liboso?uselang=fr Lonkásá ya liboso?uselang=fr]. [[User:Angela|Angela]] 08:03, 8 septembere 2005 (UTC) 6203 2005-09-08T16:26:25Z Moyogo 11 /* interface translations */ ==Nouveau plan== [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|right|thumb|Distribution géographique de la langue]] J'ai fait un nouveau plan. On pourrait l'utiliser sur la page [[Lingála]] et [[Lonkásá ya liboso]]. <nowiki>[[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png]]</nowiki> [[Image:Lingala.jpg|thumb|225px|vert foncé: lingála langue maternelle; vert clair: lingála langue véhiculaire]] :Entre l'ancienne carte (pas selon les indications wikipédia) il y avait deux informations. Celle de la diffusion géographique comme langue véhiculaire (vert claire manque), p.ex. le nord de l'Angola. Par contre la nouvelle carte est plus belle. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:21, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC) [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|right]] ::Est-ce que c'est mieux comme ça? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:20, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC) :::Parfait. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:21, 27 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) == interface translations == Why are interface translations in French and Lingala, instead of JUST lingala?? :Unfortunately the number of Lingála speaking participants on the Lingála Wikipedia is very small. Some people who help the Lingála Wikipedia can't speak very well the Lingála language. That is the reason because some menus are bilingual Lingála/French. First all tools were in English. :Let's find a lot of Lingála speaking peoble who participe and we don't need anymore the French translation! :Please sign your comments. Thank you. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:28, 27 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) ::That's no excuse. If you do not remove French right away, I will complain on meta-wiki. :::There was a consensus about this befor you arrived on the ln WP, but WP is democratic, so you can register and then start a discussion about this topic on http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Community_Portal :::Meta sais about Wikipedia: Wikipedia has three meanings: :::* First, it is an encyclopedia. This is the end product, which has to be promoted (via press release, interviews), stabilized (cd and paper version), distributed (in as many countries and as many languages possible) and protected (respect of our copyright, brand name) :::* Second, it is a project. With all its technical requirements, data organisation etc :::* Third, it is a community, rather loose, very diverse, with participants having one common goal : making free and organised content together... and perhaps as many related goals as there are participants :::Please help us, we need people like you for new articles in Lingála or who translate articles from the English (or another) Wikipedia to Lingála. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 16:13, 30 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) ::::Mark has brought this issue up on the [http://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2005-September/041411.html Wikipedia mailing list]. Have you considered just setting your own [[Special:Preferences|Preferences]] to French rather than adding French to the default interface? Any logged in user can see the interface in any language after setting their preferences, and non-logged users can do so by appending <tt>&uselang=en</tt> to the URL, like [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lonk%C3%A1s%C3%A1_ya_liboso?uselang=fr Lonkásá ya liboso?uselang=fr]. [[User:Angela|Angela]] 08:03, 8 septembere 2005 (UTC) ::: The interface and the content should be in lingala only. So far we still need a lot of translators. The interface is not completely translated but what has been done should not be displayed in french. As far as the content, we should avoid having pages in English or French. It's okey to have keyword (as in a table or sections titles) but the content itself should be in lingala. Translators shouldn't copy and paste, and then leave untranslated text. ----[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 16:26, 8 septembere 2005 (UTC) 6240 2005-09-15T12:33:40Z Bombo 12 /* interface translations */ ==Nouveau plan== [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|right|thumb|Distribution géographique de la langue]] J'ai fait un nouveau plan. On pourrait l'utiliser sur la page [[Lingála]] et [[Lonkásá ya liboso]]. <nowiki>[[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png]]</nowiki> [[Image:Lingala.jpg|thumb|225px|vert foncé: lingála langue maternelle; vert clair: lingála langue véhiculaire]] :Entre l'ancienne carte (pas selon les indications wikipédia) il y avait deux informations. Celle de la diffusion géographique comme langue véhiculaire (vert claire manque), p.ex. le nord de l'Angola. Par contre la nouvelle carte est plus belle. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:21, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC) [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|right]] ::Est-ce que c'est mieux comme ça? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:20, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC) :::Parfait. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:21, 27 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) == interface translations == Why are interface translations in French and Lingala, instead of JUST lingala?? :Unfortunately the number of Lingála speaking participants on the Lingála Wikipedia is very small. Some people who help the Lingála Wikipedia can't speak very well the Lingála language. That is the reason because some menus are bilingual Lingála/French. First all tools were in English. :Let's find a lot of Lingála speaking peoble who participe and we don't need anymore the French translation! :Please sign your comments. Thank you. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:28, 27 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) ::That's no excuse. If you do not remove French right away, I will complain on meta-wiki. :::There was a consensus about this befor you arrived on the ln WP, but WP is democratic, so you can register and then start a discussion about this topic on http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Community_Portal :::Meta sais about Wikipedia: Wikipedia has three meanings: :::* First, it is an encyclopedia. This is the end product, which has to be promoted (via press release, interviews), stabilized (cd and paper version), distributed (in as many countries and as many languages possible) and protected (respect of our copyright, brand name) :::* Second, it is a project. With all its technical requirements, data organisation etc :::* Third, it is a community, rather loose, very diverse, with participants having one common goal : making free and organised content together... and perhaps as many related goals as there are participants :::Please help us, we need people like you for new articles in Lingála or who translate articles from the English (or another) Wikipedia to Lingála. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 16:13, 30 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) ::::Mark has brought this issue up on the [http://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2005-September/041411.html Wikipedia mailing list]. Have you considered just setting your own [[Special:Preferences|Preferences]] to French rather than adding French to the default interface? Any logged in user can see the interface in any language after setting their preferences, and non-logged users can do so by appending <tt>&uselang=en</tt> to the URL, like [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lonk%C3%A1s%C3%A1_ya_liboso?uselang=fr Lonkásá ya liboso?uselang=fr]. [[User:Angela|Angela]] 08:03, 8 septembere 2005 (UTC) ::: The interface and the content should be in lingala only. So far we still need a lot of translators. The interface is not completely translated but what has been done should not be displayed in french. As far as the content, we should avoid having pages in English or French. It's okey to have keyword (as in a table or sections titles) but the content itself should be in lingala. Translators shouldn't copy and paste, and then leave untranslated text. ----[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 16:26, 8 septembere 2005 (UTC) ::::If there are anymore some French words in the interface, please tell me. For English words, please help to translate. To translate, you can became an [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|administrator]] or translate [[Translate:Interface|on this page]], and an administrator will change the interface. Please help us, we need people like you for new articles in Lingála or who translate articles from the English (or another) Wikipedia to Lingála. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:13, 15 septembere 2005 (UTC) 6399 2005-09-30T16:46:35Z Moyogo 11 Talk:Lonkásá ya liboso moved to Talk:Lonkásá ya libosó ==Nouveau plan== [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|right|thumb|Distribution géographique de la langue]] J'ai fait un nouveau plan. On pourrait l'utiliser sur la page [[Lingála]] et [[Lonkásá ya liboso]]. <nowiki>[[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png]]</nowiki> [[Image:Lingala.jpg|thumb|225px|vert foncé: lingála langue maternelle; vert clair: lingála langue véhiculaire]] :Entre l'ancienne carte (pas selon les indications wikipédia) il y avait deux informations. Celle de la diffusion géographique comme langue véhiculaire (vert claire manque), p.ex. le nord de l'Angola. Par contre la nouvelle carte est plus belle. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:21, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC) [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|right]] ::Est-ce que c'est mieux comme ça? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:20, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC) :::Parfait. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:21, 27 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) == interface translations == Why are interface translations in French and Lingala, instead of JUST lingala?? :Unfortunately the number of Lingála speaking participants on the Lingála Wikipedia is very small. Some people who help the Lingála Wikipedia can't speak very well the Lingála language. That is the reason because some menus are bilingual Lingála/French. First all tools were in English. :Let's find a lot of Lingála speaking peoble who participe and we don't need anymore the French translation! :Please sign your comments. Thank you. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:28, 27 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) ::That's no excuse. If you do not remove French right away, I will complain on meta-wiki. :::There was a consensus about this befor you arrived on the ln WP, but WP is democratic, so you can register and then start a discussion about this topic on http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Community_Portal :::Meta sais about Wikipedia: Wikipedia has three meanings: :::* First, it is an encyclopedia. This is the end product, which has to be promoted (via press release, interviews), stabilized (cd and paper version), distributed (in as many countries and as many languages possible) and protected (respect of our copyright, brand name) :::* Second, it is a project. With all its technical requirements, data organisation etc :::* Third, it is a community, rather loose, very diverse, with participants having one common goal : making free and organised content together... and perhaps as many related goals as there are participants :::Please help us, we need people like you for new articles in Lingála or who translate articles from the English (or another) Wikipedia to Lingála. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 16:13, 30 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) ::::Mark has brought this issue up on the [http://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2005-September/041411.html Wikipedia mailing list]. Have you considered just setting your own [[Special:Preferences|Preferences]] to French rather than adding French to the default interface? Any logged in user can see the interface in any language after setting their preferences, and non-logged users can do so by appending <tt>&uselang=en</tt> to the URL, like [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lonk%C3%A1s%C3%A1_ya_liboso?uselang=fr Lonkásá ya liboso?uselang=fr]. [[User:Angela|Angela]] 08:03, 8 septembere 2005 (UTC) ::: The interface and the content should be in lingala only. So far we still need a lot of translators. The interface is not completely translated but what has been done should not be displayed in french. As far as the content, we should avoid having pages in English or French. It's okey to have keyword (as in a table or sections titles) but the content itself should be in lingala. Translators shouldn't copy and paste, and then leave untranslated text. ----[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 16:26, 8 septembere 2005 (UTC) ::::If there are anymore some French words in the interface, please tell me. For English words, please help to translate. To translate, you can became an [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|administrator]] or translate [[Translate:Interface|on this page]], and an administrator will change the interface. Please help us, we need people like you for new articles in Lingála or who translate articles from the English (or another) Wikipedia to Lingála. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:13, 15 septembere 2005 (UTC) 7152 2005-12-03T22:57:07Z Moyogo 11 libosó ==Nouveau plan== [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|right|thumb|Distribution géographique de la langue]] J'ai fait un nouveau plan. On pourrait l'utiliser sur la page [[Lingála]] et [[Lonkásá ya libosó]]. <nowiki>[[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png]]</nowiki> [[Image:Lingala.jpg|thumb|225px|vert foncé: lingála langue maternelle; vert clair: lingála langue véhiculaire]] :Entre l'ancienne carte (pas selon les indications wikipédia) il y avait deux informations. Celle de la diffusion géographique comme langue véhiculaire (vert claire manque), p.ex. le nord de l'Angola. Par contre la nouvelle carte est plus belle. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:21, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC) [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|right]] ::Est-ce que c'est mieux comme ça? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:20, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC) :::Parfait. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:21, 27 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) == interface translations == Why are interface translations in French and Lingala, instead of JUST lingala?? :Unfortunately the number of Lingála speaking participants on the Lingála Wikipedia is very small. Some people who help the Lingála Wikipedia can't speak very well the Lingála language. That is the reason because some menus are bilingual Lingála/French. First all tools were in English. :Let's find a lot of Lingála speaking peoble who participe and we don't need anymore the French translation! :Please sign your comments. Thank you. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:28, 27 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) ::That's no excuse. If you do not remove French right away, I will complain on meta-wiki. :::There was a consensus about this befor you arrived on the ln WP, but WP is democratic, so you can register and then start a discussion about this topic on http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Community_Portal :::Meta sais about Wikipedia: Wikipedia has three meanings: :::* First, it is an encyclopedia. This is the end product, which has to be promoted (via press release, interviews), stabilized (cd and paper version), distributed (in as many countries and as many languages possible) and protected (respect of our copyright, brand name) :::* Second, it is a project. With all its technical requirements, data organisation etc :::* Third, it is a community, rather loose, very diverse, with participants having one common goal : making free and organised content together... and perhaps as many related goals as there are participants :::Please help us, we need people like you for new articles in Lingála or who translate articles from the English (or another) Wikipedia to Lingála. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 16:13, 30 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) ::::Mark has brought this issue up on the [http://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2005-September/041411.html Wikipedia mailing list]. Have you considered just setting your own [[Special:Preferences|Preferences]] to French rather than adding French to the default interface? Any logged in user can see the interface in any language after setting their preferences, and non-logged users can do so by appending <tt>&uselang=en</tt> to the URL, like [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lonk%C3%A1s%C3%A1_ya_liboso?uselang=fr Lonkásá ya libosó?uselang=fr]. [[User:Angela|Angela]] 08:03, 8 septembere 2005 (UTC) ::: The interface and the content should be in lingala only. So far we still need a lot of translators. The interface is not completely translated but what has been done should not be displayed in french. As far as the content, we should avoid having pages in English or French. It's okey to have keyword (as in a table or sections titles) but the content itself should be in lingala. Translators shouldn't copy and paste, and then leave untranslated text. ----[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 16:26, 8 septembere 2005 (UTC) ::::If there are anymore some French words in the interface, please tell me. For English words, please help to translate. To translate, you can became an [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|administrator]] or translate [[Translate:Interface|on this page]], and an administrator will change the interface. Please help us, we need people like you for new articles in Lingála or who translate articles from the English (or another) Wikipedia to Lingála. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:13, 15 septembere 2005 (UTC) 7443 2005-12-23T05:14:40Z 201.153.211.191 Very good wiki, come and visit my site. http://purchase-xanax-online.daj.pl and http://buy-valium-online.fuks.pl plus http://buy-ambien-online.fuks.pl 7446 2005-12-23T17:29:51Z Moyogo 11 Reverted edit of 201.153.211.191, changed back to last version by Moyogo ==Nouveau plan== [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|right|thumb|Distribution géographique de la langue]] J'ai fait un nouveau plan. On pourrait l'utiliser sur la page [[Lingála]] et [[Lonkásá ya libosó]]. <nowiki>[[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png]]</nowiki> [[Image:Lingala.jpg|thumb|225px|vert foncé: lingála langue maternelle; vert clair: lingála langue véhiculaire]] :Entre l'ancienne carte (pas selon les indications wikipédia) il y avait deux informations. Celle de la diffusion géographique comme langue véhiculaire (vert claire manque), p.ex. le nord de l'Angola. Par contre la nouvelle carte est plus belle. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:21, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC) [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|right]] ::Est-ce que c'est mieux comme ça? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:20, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC) :::Parfait. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:21, 27 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) == interface translations == Why are interface translations in French and Lingala, instead of JUST lingala?? :Unfortunately the number of Lingála speaking participants on the Lingála Wikipedia is very small. Some people who help the Lingála Wikipedia can't speak very well the Lingála language. That is the reason because some menus are bilingual Lingála/French. First all tools were in English. :Let's find a lot of Lingála speaking peoble who participe and we don't need anymore the French translation! :Please sign your comments. Thank you. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:28, 27 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) ::That's no excuse. If you do not remove French right away, I will complain on meta-wiki. :::There was a consensus about this befor you arrived on the ln WP, but WP is democratic, so you can register and then start a discussion about this topic on http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Community_Portal :::Meta sais about Wikipedia: Wikipedia has three meanings: :::* First, it is an encyclopedia. This is the end product, which has to be promoted (via press release, interviews), stabilized (cd and paper version), distributed (in as many countries and as many languages possible) and protected (respect of our copyright, brand name) :::* Second, it is a project. With all its technical requirements, data organisation etc :::* Third, it is a community, rather loose, very diverse, with participants having one common goal : making free and organised content together... and perhaps as many related goals as there are participants :::Please help us, we need people like you for new articles in Lingála or who translate articles from the English (or another) Wikipedia to Lingála. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 16:13, 30 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) ::::Mark has brought this issue up on the [http://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2005-September/041411.html Wikipedia mailing list]. Have you considered just setting your own [[Special:Preferences|Preferences]] to French rather than adding French to the default interface? Any logged in user can see the interface in any language after setting their preferences, and non-logged users can do so by appending <tt>&uselang=en</tt> to the URL, like [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lonk%C3%A1s%C3%A1_ya_liboso?uselang=fr Lonkásá ya libosó?uselang=fr]. [[User:Angela|Angela]] 08:03, 8 septembere 2005 (UTC) ::: The interface and the content should be in lingala only. So far we still need a lot of translators. The interface is not completely translated but what has been done should not be displayed in french. As far as the content, we should avoid having pages in English or French. It's okey to have keyword (as in a table or sections titles) but the content itself should be in lingala. Translators shouldn't copy and paste, and then leave untranslated text. ----[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 16:26, 8 septembere 2005 (UTC) ::::If there are anymore some French words in the interface, please tell me. For English words, please help to translate. To translate, you can became an [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|administrator]] or translate [[Translate:Interface|on this page]], and an administrator will change the interface. Please help us, we need people like you for new articles in Lingála or who translate articles from the English (or another) Wikipedia to Lingála. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:13, 15 septembere 2005 (UTC) 7497 2006-01-05T13:13:05Z Bombo 12 Lonkásá ya libosó ya sika ==Nouveau plan== [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|right|thumb|Distribution géographique de la langue]] J'ai fait un nouveau plan. On pourrait l'utiliser sur la page [[Lingála]] et [[Lonkásá ya libosó]]. <nowiki>[[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png]]</nowiki> [[Image:Lingala.jpg|thumb|225px|vert foncé: lingála langue maternelle; vert clair: lingála langue véhiculaire]] :Entre l'ancienne carte (pas selon les indications wikipédia) il y avait deux informations. Celle de la diffusion géographique comme langue véhiculaire (vert claire manque), p.ex. le nord de l'Angola. Par contre la nouvelle carte est plus belle. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:21, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC) [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|right]] ::Est-ce que c'est mieux comme ça? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:20, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC) :::Parfait. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:21, 27 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) == interface translations == Why are interface translations in French and Lingala, instead of JUST lingala?? :Unfortunately the number of Lingála speaking participants on the Lingála Wikipedia is very small. Some people who help the Lingála Wikipedia can't speak very well the Lingála language. That is the reason because some menus are bilingual Lingála/French. First all tools were in English. :Let's find a lot of Lingála speaking peoble who participe and we don't need anymore the French translation! :Please sign your comments. Thank you. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:28, 27 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) ::That's no excuse. If you do not remove French right away, I will complain on meta-wiki. :::There was a consensus about this befor you arrived on the ln WP, but WP is democratic, so you can register and then start a discussion about this topic on http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Community_Portal :::Meta sais about Wikipedia: Wikipedia has three meanings: :::* First, it is an encyclopedia. This is the end product, which has to be promoted (via press release, interviews), stabilized (cd and paper version), distributed (in as many countries and as many languages possible) and protected (respect of our copyright, brand name) :::* Second, it is a project. With all its technical requirements, data organisation etc :::* Third, it is a community, rather loose, very diverse, with participants having one common goal : making free and organised content together... and perhaps as many related goals as there are participants :::Please help us, we need people like you for new articles in Lingála or who translate articles from the English (or another) Wikipedia to Lingála. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 16:13, 30 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) ::::Mark has brought this issue up on the [http://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2005-September/041411.html Wikipedia mailing list]. Have you considered just setting your own [[Special:Preferences|Preferences]] to French rather than adding French to the default interface? Any logged in user can see the interface in any language after setting their preferences, and non-logged users can do so by appending <tt>&uselang=en</tt> to the URL, like [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lonk%C3%A1s%C3%A1_ya_liboso?uselang=fr Lonkásá ya libosó?uselang=fr]. [[User:Angela|Angela]] 08:03, 8 septembere 2005 (UTC) ::: The interface and the content should be in lingala only. So far we still need a lot of translators. The interface is not completely translated but what has been done should not be displayed in french. As far as the content, we should avoid having pages in English or French. It's okey to have keyword (as in a table or sections titles) but the content itself should be in lingala. Translators shouldn't copy and paste, and then leave untranslated text. ----[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 16:26, 8 septembere 2005 (UTC) ::::If there are anymore some French words in the interface, please tell me. For English words, please help to translate. To translate, you can became an [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|administrator]] or translate [[Translate:Interface|on this page]], and an administrator will change the interface. Please help us, we need people like you for new articles in Lingála or who translate articles from the English (or another) Wikipedia to Lingála. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:13, 15 septembere 2005 (UTC) == Lonkásá ya libosó ya sika == Merci Moyogo pour tout les ressources et liens que tu m'as indiqué. Cette version User:Moyogo/Lonkásá ya libosó Me plaît beaucoup. J'essaye de traduire le plus possible d'ici début janvier, mais il me faut le soutien d'un ou de pusieurs lingalaphone(s). Le Dictionnaire de Dzokanga ne remplace pas les connaissance de langues et les miens du lingala sont trop petit.... Le 9 janvier 2006, nous fêterons le 1er anniversaire de cette wikipedia! Sera-t-il la bonne date pour la nouvelle page d'acceuil? --Bombo 16:13, 5 desembere 2005 (UTC) 8023 2006-04-16T11:12:48Z Themalau 22 Wikipedia Logo ==Nouveau plan== [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|right|thumb|Distribution géographique de la langue]] J'ai fait un nouveau plan. On pourrait l'utiliser sur la page [[Lingála]] et [[Lonkásá ya libosó]]. <nowiki>[[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png]]</nowiki> [[Image:Lingala.jpg|thumb|225px|vert foncé: lingála langue maternelle; vert clair: lingála langue véhiculaire]] :Entre l'ancienne carte (pas selon les indications wikipédia) il y avait deux informations. Celle de la diffusion géographique comme langue véhiculaire (vert claire manque), p.ex. le nord de l'Angola. Par contre la nouvelle carte est plus belle. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:21, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC) [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|right]] ::Est-ce que c'est mieux comme ça? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:20, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC) :::Parfait. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:21, 27 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) == interface translations == Why are interface translations in French and Lingala, instead of JUST lingala?? :Unfortunately the number of Lingála speaking participants on the Lingála Wikipedia is very small. Some people who help the Lingála Wikipedia can't speak very well the Lingála language. That is the reason because some menus are bilingual Lingála/French. First all tools were in English. :Let's find a lot of Lingála speaking peoble who participe and we don't need anymore the French translation! :Please sign your comments. Thank you. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:28, 27 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) ::That's no excuse. If you do not remove French right away, I will complain on meta-wiki. :::There was a consensus about this befor you arrived on the ln WP, but WP is democratic, so you can register and then start a discussion about this topic on http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Community_Portal :::Meta sais about Wikipedia: Wikipedia has three meanings: :::* First, it is an encyclopedia. This is the end product, which has to be promoted (via press release, interviews), stabilized (cd and paper version), distributed (in as many countries and as many languages possible) and protected (respect of our copyright, brand name) :::* Second, it is a project. With all its technical requirements, data organisation etc :::* Third, it is a community, rather loose, very diverse, with participants having one common goal : making free and organised content together... and perhaps as many related goals as there are participants :::Please help us, we need people like you for new articles in Lingála or who translate articles from the English (or another) Wikipedia to Lingála. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 16:13, 30 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) ::::Mark has brought this issue up on the [http://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2005-September/041411.html Wikipedia mailing list]. Have you considered just setting your own [[Special:Preferences|Preferences]] to French rather than adding French to the default interface? Any logged in user can see the interface in any language after setting their preferences, and non-logged users can do so by appending <tt>&uselang=en</tt> to the URL, like [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lonk%C3%A1s%C3%A1_ya_liboso?uselang=fr Lonkásá ya libosó?uselang=fr]. [[User:Angela|Angela]] 08:03, 8 septembere 2005 (UTC) ::: The interface and the content should be in lingala only. So far we still need a lot of translators. The interface is not completely translated but what has been done should not be displayed in french. As far as the content, we should avoid having pages in English or French. It's okey to have keyword (as in a table or sections titles) but the content itself should be in lingala. Translators shouldn't copy and paste, and then leave untranslated text. ----[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 16:26, 8 septembere 2005 (UTC) ::::If there are anymore some French words in the interface, please tell me. For English words, please help to translate. To translate, you can became an [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|administrator]] or translate [[Translate:Interface|on this page]], and an administrator will change the interface. Please help us, we need people like you for new articles in Lingála or who translate articles from the English (or another) Wikipedia to Lingála. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:13, 15 septembere 2005 (UTC) == Lonkásá ya libosó ya sika == Merci Moyogo pour tout les ressources et liens que tu m'as indiqué. Cette version User:Moyogo/Lonkásá ya libosó Me plaît beaucoup. J'essaye de traduire le plus possible d'ici début janvier, mais il me faut le soutien d'un ou de pusieurs lingalaphone(s). Le Dictionnaire de Dzokanga ne remplace pas les connaissance de langues et les miens du lingala sont trop petit.... Le 9 janvier 2006, nous fêterons le 1er anniversaire de cette wikipedia! Sera-t-il la bonne date pour la nouvelle page d'acceuil? --Bombo 16:13, 5 desembere 2005 (UTC) == Wikipedia Logo == Na lingi ete ndeko admin, atala possibilite ya kobalola logo ya Wikipedia o mankasa na lingala, mpo ete "The Free Encyclopedia" ekomama mpe na Lingala. Na ntomeli bino mokolo elamu o mangomba na bino. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 11:12, 16 avril 2006 (UTC) 8025 2006-04-18T08:40:21Z Bombo 12 /* Wikipedia Logo */ ==Nouveau plan== [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|right|thumb|Distribution géographique de la langue]] J'ai fait un nouveau plan. On pourrait l'utiliser sur la page [[Lingála]] et [[Lonkásá ya libosó]]. <nowiki>[[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png]]</nowiki> [[Image:Lingala.jpg|thumb|225px|vert foncé: lingála langue maternelle; vert clair: lingála langue véhiculaire]] :Entre l'ancienne carte (pas selon les indications wikipédia) il y avait deux informations. Celle de la diffusion géographique comme langue véhiculaire (vert claire manque), p.ex. le nord de l'Angola. Par contre la nouvelle carte est plus belle. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:21, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC) [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|right]] ::Est-ce que c'est mieux comme ça? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:20, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC) :::Parfait. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:21, 27 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) == interface translations == Why are interface translations in French and Lingala, instead of JUST lingala?? :Unfortunately the number of Lingála speaking participants on the Lingála Wikipedia is very small. Some people who help the Lingála Wikipedia can't speak very well the Lingála language. That is the reason because some menus are bilingual Lingála/French. First all tools were in English. :Let's find a lot of Lingála speaking peoble who participe and we don't need anymore the French translation! :Please sign your comments. Thank you. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:28, 27 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) ::That's no excuse. If you do not remove French right away, I will complain on meta-wiki. :::There was a consensus about this befor you arrived on the ln WP, but WP is democratic, so you can register and then start a discussion about this topic on http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Community_Portal :::Meta sais about Wikipedia: Wikipedia has three meanings: :::* First, it is an encyclopedia. This is the end product, which has to be promoted (via press release, interviews), stabilized (cd and paper version), distributed (in as many countries and as many languages possible) and protected (respect of our copyright, brand name) :::* Second, it is a project. With all its technical requirements, data organisation etc :::* Third, it is a community, rather loose, very diverse, with participants having one common goal : making free and organised content together... and perhaps as many related goals as there are participants :::Please help us, we need people like you for new articles in Lingála or who translate articles from the English (or another) Wikipedia to Lingála. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 16:13, 30 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) ::::Mark has brought this issue up on the [http://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2005-September/041411.html Wikipedia mailing list]. Have you considered just setting your own [[Special:Preferences|Preferences]] to French rather than adding French to the default interface? Any logged in user can see the interface in any language after setting their preferences, and non-logged users can do so by appending <tt>&uselang=en</tt> to the URL, like [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lonk%C3%A1s%C3%A1_ya_liboso?uselang=fr Lonkásá ya libosó?uselang=fr]. [[User:Angela|Angela]] 08:03, 8 septembere 2005 (UTC) ::: The interface and the content should be in lingala only. So far we still need a lot of translators. The interface is not completely translated but what has been done should not be displayed in french. As far as the content, we should avoid having pages in English or French. It's okey to have keyword (as in a table or sections titles) but the content itself should be in lingala. Translators shouldn't copy and paste, and then leave untranslated text. ----[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 16:26, 8 septembere 2005 (UTC) ::::If there are anymore some French words in the interface, please tell me. For English words, please help to translate. To translate, you can became an [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|administrator]] or translate [[Translate:Interface|on this page]], and an administrator will change the interface. Please help us, we need people like you for new articles in Lingála or who translate articles from the English (or another) Wikipedia to Lingála. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:13, 15 septembere 2005 (UTC) == Lonkásá ya libosó ya sika == Merci Moyogo pour tout les ressources et liens que tu m'as indiqué. Cette version User:Moyogo/Lonkásá ya libosó Me plaît beaucoup. J'essaye de traduire le plus possible d'ici début janvier, mais il me faut le soutien d'un ou de pusieurs lingalaphone(s). Le Dictionnaire de Dzokanga ne remplace pas les connaissance de langues et les miens du lingala sont trop petit.... Le 9 janvier 2006, nous fêterons le 1er anniversaire de cette wikipedia! Sera-t-il la bonne date pour la nouvelle page d'acceuil? --Bombo 16:13, 5 desembere 2005 (UTC) == Wikipedia Logo == Na lingi ete ndeko admin, atala possibilite ya kobalola logo ya Wikipedia o mankasa na lingala, mpo ete "The Free Encyclopedia" ekomama mpe na Lingala. Na ntomeli bino mokolo elamu o mangomba na bino. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 11:12, 16 avril 2006 (UTC) :Pour cela nous avons besoin d'une proposition du texte en lingála (cf. [[meta:Logo#Localisation]]). Qui proposera une traduction pour ''L'encyclopaedie libre/The Free Encyclopedia'' ? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 08:40, 18 avril 2006 (UTC) 9336 2006-09-10T10:23:18Z 84.231.242.141 9339 2006-09-11T12:57:56Z Bombo 12 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/84.231.242.141|84.231.242.141]] ([[User_talk:84.231.242.141|Talk]]); changed back to last version by [[User:Bombo|Bombo]] ==Nouveau plan== [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|right|thumb|Distribution géographique de la langue]] J'ai fait un nouveau plan. On pourrait l'utiliser sur la page [[Lingála]] et [[Lonkásá ya libosó]]. <nowiki>[[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png]]</nowiki> [[Image:Lingala.jpg|thumb|225px|vert foncé: lingála langue maternelle; vert clair: lingála langue véhiculaire]] :Entre l'ancienne carte (pas selon les indications wikipédia) il y avait deux informations. Celle de la diffusion géographique comme langue véhiculaire (vert claire manque), p.ex. le nord de l'Angola. Par contre la nouvelle carte est plus belle. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:21, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC) [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|right]] ::Est-ce que c'est mieux comme ça? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 03:20, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC) :::Parfait. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:21, 27 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) == interface translations == Why are interface translations in French and Lingala, instead of JUST lingala?? :Unfortunately the number of Lingála speaking participants on the Lingála Wikipedia is very small. Some people who help the Lingála Wikipedia can't speak very well the Lingála language. That is the reason because some menus are bilingual Lingála/French. First all tools were in English. :Let's find a lot of Lingála speaking peoble who participe and we don't need anymore the French translation! :Please sign your comments. Thank you. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:28, 27 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) ::That's no excuse. If you do not remove French right away, I will complain on meta-wiki. :::There was a consensus about this befor you arrived on the ln WP, but WP is democratic, so you can register and then start a discussion about this topic on http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Community_Portal :::Meta sais about Wikipedia: Wikipedia has three meanings: :::* First, it is an encyclopedia. This is the end product, which has to be promoted (via press release, interviews), stabilized (cd and paper version), distributed (in as many countries and as many languages possible) and protected (respect of our copyright, brand name) :::* Second, it is a project. With all its technical requirements, data organisation etc :::* Third, it is a community, rather loose, very diverse, with participants having one common goal : making free and organised content together... and perhaps as many related goals as there are participants :::Please help us, we need people like you for new articles in Lingála or who translate articles from the English (or another) Wikipedia to Lingála. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 16:13, 30 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) ::::Mark has brought this issue up on the [http://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2005-September/041411.html Wikipedia mailing list]. Have you considered just setting your own [[Special:Preferences|Preferences]] to French rather than adding French to the default interface? Any logged in user can see the interface in any language after setting their preferences, and non-logged users can do so by appending <tt>&uselang=en</tt> to the URL, like [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lonk%C3%A1s%C3%A1_ya_liboso?uselang=fr Lonkásá ya libosó?uselang=fr]. [[User:Angela|Angela]] 08:03, 8 septembere 2005 (UTC) ::: The interface and the content should be in lingala only. So far we still need a lot of translators. The interface is not completely translated but what has been done should not be displayed in french. As far as the content, we should avoid having pages in English or French. It's okey to have keyword (as in a table or sections titles) but the content itself should be in lingala. Translators shouldn't copy and paste, and then leave untranslated text. ----[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 16:26, 8 septembere 2005 (UTC) ::::If there are anymore some French words in the interface, please tell me. For English words, please help to translate. To translate, you can became an [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|administrator]] or translate [[Translate:Interface|on this page]], and an administrator will change the interface. Please help us, we need people like you for new articles in Lingála or who translate articles from the English (or another) Wikipedia to Lingála. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:13, 15 septembere 2005 (UTC) == Lonkásá ya libosó ya sika == Merci Moyogo pour tout les ressources et liens que tu m'as indiqué. Cette version User:Moyogo/Lonkásá ya libosó Me plaît beaucoup. J'essaye de traduire le plus possible d'ici début janvier, mais il me faut le soutien d'un ou de pusieurs lingalaphone(s). Le Dictionnaire de Dzokanga ne remplace pas les connaissance de langues et les miens du lingala sont trop petit.... Le 9 janvier 2006, nous fêterons le 1er anniversaire de cette wikipedia! Sera-t-il la bonne date pour la nouvelle page d'acceuil? --Bombo 16:13, 5 desembere 2005 (UTC) == Wikipedia Logo == Na lingi ete ndeko admin, atala possibilite ya kobalola logo ya Wikipedia o mankasa na lingala, mpo ete "The Free Encyclopedia" ekomama mpe na Lingala. Na ntomeli bino mokolo elamu o mangomba na bino. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 11:12, 16 avril 2006 (UTC) :Pour cela nous avons besoin d'une proposition du texte en lingála (cf. [[meta:Logo#Localisation]]). Qui proposera une traduction pour ''L'encyclopaedie libre/The Free Encyclopedia'' ? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 08:40, 18 avril 2006 (UTC) MediaWiki talk:Savearticle 1103 4670 2005-04-03T21:38:25Z 65.95.47.168 'enrégistrer' devrait être 'enregistrer' ou encore mieux, 'sauvegarder' comme sur les wikis fr. ---[[User:65.95.47.168|65.95.47.168]] 21:38, 3 Apr 2005 (UTC) User:Richie 1104 4671 2005-04-04T14:13:15Z Richie 17 Since March 2005 I'm an administrator on the Commons. If you want to contact me, feel free to leave a message on my [[:commons:User talk:Richie|Commons]], [[:en:User talk:Richie|English]] or [[:de:Benutzer Diskussion:Richie|German]] talk page. I'm studying [[:en:Computer science|Computer Science]] and [[:en:Geology|Geology]] at [[:en:Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge|Gonville and Caius College]], [[:en:University of Cambridge|University of Cambridge]]. My personal website is http://www.whizer.net/. [[User:Richie|Richie]] 14:13, 4 Apr 2005 (UTC) <div style="background-color:#eee; border:1px solid #ccc; text-align:center; padding:3px; margin:15px 0;"> '''My user pages:''' [[:commons:User:Richie|(c)]] | [[:ast:User:Richie|ast]] | [[:ca:Usuari:Richie|ca]] | [[:de:Benutzer:Richie|DE]] | [[:en:User:Richie|EN]] | [[:eo:Vikipediisto:Richie|eo]] | [[:es:Usuario:Richie|es]] | [[:et:Kasutaja:Richie|et]] | [[:fi:Käyttäjä:Richie|fi]] | [[:fr:Utilisateur:RichieFR|fr]] | [[:gl:User:Richie|gl]] | [[:hu:User:RichieHU|hu]] | [[:ia:Usator:Richie|ia]] | [[:it:Utente:Richie|it]] | [[:ja:利用者:Richie|ja]] | [[:nl:Gebruiker:Richie|nl]] | [[:no:Bruker:Richie|no]] | [[:pl:Wikipedysta:Richie|pl]] | [[:pt:Usuário:Richie|pt]] | [[:ro:Utilizator:Richie|ro]] | [[:ru:Участник:Richie|ru]] | [[:sv:Användare:Richie|sv]] | [[:zh-min-nan:User:Richie|zh]] </div> User:RCBot 1105 2581 2005-04-05T10:14:49Z RCBot 18 '''[[:commons:User:RCBot|RCBot]]''' is a bot operated by [[:commons:User:Richie|Richie]] to help with issues related to the [[:commons:|Wikipedia Commons]]. Please comment on his [[:commons:User talk:RCBot|talk page]] there. -- [[User:RCBot|RCBot]] 10:14, 5 Apr 2005 (UTC) 4672 2005-04-16T19:40:27Z RCBot 18 RCBot: Update user page '''[[:commons:User:RCBot|RCBot]]''' is an interlingually operating bot operated by [[:commons:User:Richie|Richie]] to help with issues related to the [[:commons:|Wikimedia Commons]]. As of now, the bot is still in development and testing, so please report all encountered issues and other feedback to its [[:commons:User talk:RCBot|talk page]] on the Commons. Please note that the talk page of this account is '''not read''', use the one on the Commons). -- [[User:RCBot|RCBot]] 19:40, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC) <div style="background-color:#eee; border:1px solid #ccc; text-align:center; padding:3px; margin:15px 0;"> '''[[:commons:User:RCBot|RCBot]]'s user accounts at Wikipedia''' <div style="font-size:80%;"> [[:aa:User:RCBot|aa]] | [[:ab:User:RCBot|ab]] | [[:af:Gebruiker:RCBot|af]] | [[:ak:User:RCBot|ak]] | [[:als:Benutzer:RCBot|als]] | [[:am:User:RCBot|am]] | [[:an:User:RCBot|an]] | [[:ang:User:RCBot|ang]] | [[:ar:مستخدم:RCBot|ar]] | [[:arc:User:RCBot|arc]] | [[:as:User:RCBot|as]] | [[:ast:User:RCBot|ast]] | [[:av:User:RCBot|av]] | [[:ay:User:RCBot|ay]] | [[:az:User:RCBot|az]] | [[:ba:User:RCBot|ba]] | [[:be:Удзельнік:RCBot|be]] | [[:bg:Потребител:RCBot|bg]] | [[:bh:User:RCBot|bh]] | [[:bi:User:RCBot|bi]] | [[:bm:Utilisateur:RCBot|bm]] | [[:bn:ব্যবহারকারী:RCBot|bn]] | [[:bo:User:RCBot|bo]] | [[:br:User:RCBot|br]] | [[:bs:User:RCBot|bs]] | 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As of now, the bot is still in development and testing, so please report all encountered issues and other feedback to its [[:commons:User talk:RCBot|talk page]] on the Commons. Please note that the talk page of this account is '''not read''', use the one on the Commons). -- [[User:RCBot|RCBot]] 19:40, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC) <div style="background-color:#eee; border:1px solid #ccc; text-align:center; padding:3px; margin:15px 0;"> '''[[:commons:User:RCBot|RCBot]]'s user accounts at Wikipedia''' <div style="font-size:80%;"> [[:aa:User:RCBot|aa]] | [[:ab:User:RCBot|ab]] | [[:af:Gebruiker:RCBot|af]] | [[:ak:User:RCBot|ak]] | [[:als:Benutzer:RCBot|als]] | [[:am:User:RCBot|am]] | [[:an:User:RCBot|an]] | [[:ang:User:RCBot|ang]] | [[:ar:مستخدم:RCBot|ar]] | [[:arc:User:RCBot|arc]] | [[:as:User:RCBot|as]] | [[:ast:User:RCBot|ast]] | [[:av:User:RCBot|av]] | [[:ay:User:RCBot|ay]] | [[:az:User:RCBot|az]] | [[:ba:User:RCBot|ba]] | [[:be:Удзельнік:RCBot|be]] | [[:bg:Потребител:RCBot|bg]] | [[:bh:User:RCBot|bh]] | [[:bi:User:RCBot|bi]] | [[:bm:Utilisateur:RCBot|bm]] | [[:bn:ব্যবহারকারী:RCBot|bn]] | [[:bo:User:RCBot|bo]] | [[:br:User:RCBot|br]] | [[:bs:User:RCBot|bs]] | 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[[:gv:User:RCBot|gv]] | [[:ha:User:RCBot|ha]] | [[:haw:User:RCBot|haw]] | [[:he:משתמש:RCBot|he]] | [[:hi:सदस्य:RCBot|hi]] | [[:ho:User:RCBot|ho]] | [[:hr:User:RCBot|hr]] | [[:ht:User:RCBot|ht]] | [[:hu:User:RCBot|hu]] | [[:hy:User:RCBot|hy]] | [[:hz:User:RCBot|hz]] | [[:ia:Usator:RCBot|ia]] | [[:id:Pengguna:RCBot|id]] | [[:ie:User:RCBot|ie]] | [[:ig:User:RCBot|ig]] | [[:ii:User:RCBot|ii]] | [[:ik:User:RCBot|ik]] | [[:io:User:RCBot|io]] | [[:is:Notandi:RCBot|is]] | [[:it:Utente:RCBot|it]] | [[:iu:User:RCBot|iu]] | [[:ja:利用者:RCBot|ja]] | [[:jbo:User:RCBot|jbo]] | [[:jv:User:RCBot|jv]] | [[:ka:User:RCBot|ka]] | [[:kg:User:RCBot|kg]] | [[:ki:User:RCBot|ki]] | [[:kj:User:RCBot|kj]] | [[:kk:User:RCBot|kk]] | [[:kl:User:RCBot|kl]] | [[:km:User:RCBot|km]] | [[:kn:User:RCBot|kn]] | [[:ko:사용자:RCBot|ko]] | [[:kr:User:RCBot|kr]] | [[:ks:User:RCBot|ks]] | [[:ku:Bikarhêner:RCBot|ku]] | [[:kv:User:RCBot|kv]] | [[:kw:User:RCBot|kw]] | [[:ky:User:RCBot|ky]] | [[:la:Usor:RCBot|la]] | [[:lb:User:RCBot|lb]] | [[:lg:User:RCBot|lg]] | [[:li:Gebroeker:RCBot|li]] | [[:User:RCBot|ln]] | [[:lo:User:RCBot|lo]] | [[:lt:User:RCBot|lt]] | [[:lv:User:RCBot|lv]] | [[:mg:User:RCBot|mg]] | [[:mh:User:RCBot|mh]] | [[:mi:User:RCBot|mi]] | [[:mk:User:RCBot|mk]] | [[:ml:User:RCBot|ml]] | [[:mn:User:RCBot|mn]] | [[:mo:User:RCBot|mo]] | [[:mr:User:RCBot|mr]] | [[:ms:Pengguna:RCBot|ms]] | [[:mt:User:RCBot|mt]] | [[:mus:User:RCBot|mus]] | [[:my:User:RCBot|my]] | [[:na:User:RCBot|na]] | [[:nah:User:RCBot|nah]] | [[:nds:Bruker:RCBot|nds]] | [[:ne:User:RCBot|ne]] | [[:ng:User:RCBot|ng]] | [[:nl:Gebruiker:RCBot|nl]] | [[:nn:Brukar:RCBot|nn]] | [[:no:Bruker:RCBot|no]] | [[:nv:Choinish'įįhí:RCBot|nv]] | [[:ny:User:RCBot|ny]] | [[:oc:Utilisator:RCBot|oc]] | [[:om:User:RCBot|om]] | [[:or:User:RCBot|or]] | [[:pa:ਮੈਂਬਰ:RCBot|pa]] | [[:pi:User:RCBot|pi]] | [[:pl:Wikipedysta:RCBot|pl]] | [[:ps:User:RCBot|ps]] | [[:pt:Usuário:RCBot|pt]] | [[:qu:User:RCBot|qu]] | [[:rm:User:RCBot|rm]] | [[:rn:User:RCBot|rn]] | [[:ro:Utilizator:RCBot|ro]] | [[:roa-rup:User:RCBot|roa-rup]] | [[:ru:Участник:RCBot|ru]] | [[:rw:User:RCBot|rw]] | [[:sa:User:RCBot|sa]] | [[:sc:Utente:RCBot|sc]] | [[:scn:User:RCBot|scn]] | [[:sd:User:RCBot|sd]] | [[:se:User:RCBot|se]] | [[:sg:User:RCBot|sg]] | [[:si:User:RCBot|si]] | [[:simple:User:RCBot|simple]] | [[:sk:Redaktor:RCBot|sk]] | [[:sl:Uporabnik:RCBot|sl]] | [[:sm:User:RCBot|sm]] | [[:sn:User:RCBot|sn]] | [[:so:User:RCBot|so]] | [[:sq:Përdoruesi:RCBot|sq]] | [[:sr:Корисник:RCBot|sr]] | [[:ss:User:RCBot|ss]] | [[:st:User:RCBot|st]] | [[:su:User:RCBot|su]] | [[:sv:Användare:RCBot|sv]] | [[:sw:User:RCBot|sw]] | [[:ta:பயனர்:RCBot|ta]] | [[:te:User:RCBot|te]] | [[:tg:User:RCBot|tg]] | [[:th:ผู้ใช้:RCBot|th]] | [[:ti:User:RCBot|ti]] | [[:tk:User:RCBot|tk]] | [[:tl:User:RCBot|tl]] | [[:tlh:lo'wI:RCBot|tlh]] | [[:tn:User:RCBot|tn]] | [[:to:User:RCBot|to]] | [[:tpi:User:RCBot|tpi]] | [[:tr:User:RCBot|tr]] | [[:ts:User:RCBot|ts]] | [[:tt:Äğzä:RCBot|tt]] | [[:tum:User:RCBot|tum]] | [[:tw:User:RCBot|tw]] | [[:ty:User:RCBot|ty]] | [[:ug:User:RCBot|ug]] | [[:uk:Користувач:RCBot|uk]] | [[:ur:User:RCBot|ur]] | [[:uz:User:RCBot|uz]] | [[:ve:User:RCBot|ve]] | [[:vi:User:RCBot|vi]] | [[:vo:User:RCBot|vo]] | [[:wa:Uzeu:RCBot|wa]] | [[:wo:User:RCBot|wo]] | [[:xh:User:RCBot|xh]] | [[:yi:User:RCBot|yi]] | [[:yo:User:RCBot|yo]] | [[:za:User:RCBot|za]] | [[:zh:User:RCBot|zh]] | [[:zh-min-nan:User:RCBot|zh-min-nan]] | [[:zu:User:RCBot|zu]] </div> </div> [[Category:Wikipedia Bot]] User talk:66.46.85.162 1107 2576 2005-04-07T08:36:20Z Bombo 12 [[Bild:Lingala.jpg|thumb|225px|vert foncé: lingála langue maternelle; vert clair: lingála langue véhiculaire]] [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|right|thumb|Distribution géographique de la langue]] Entre l'ancienne carte (pas selon les indications wikipédia) il y avait deux informations. Celle de la diffusion géographique comme langue véhiculaire (vert claire manque), p.ex. le nord de l'Angola. Par contre la nouvelle carte est plus belle. 4673 2005-04-07T08:36:59Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Lingala.jpg|thumb|225px|vert foncé: lingála langue maternelle; vert clair: lingála langue véhiculaire]] [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Location.png|right|thumb|Distribution géographique de la langue]] Entre l'ancienne carte (pas selon les indications wikipédia) il y avait deux informations. Celle de la diffusion géographique comme langue véhiculaire (vert claire manque), p.ex. le nord de l'Angola. Par contre la nouvelle carte est plus belle. MediaWiki talk:Monday 1108 4674 2005-04-15T05:22:15Z Moyogo 11 mokɔlɔ mokɔlɔ au lieu de mokolo, non? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 05:22, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC) Wikipedia:Administrators 1110 4676 2005-04-27T04:37:53Z Moyogo 11 #REDIRECT [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli]] #REDIRECT [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli]] Kongo 1111 2705 2005-04-27T05:10:25Z Moyogo 11 Kongo moved to Kongó #REDIRECT [[Kongó]] 4677 2005-06-01T18:53:22Z Moyogo 11 #REDIRECT [[Kɔ́ngɔ]] Falansé 1112 2598 2005-04-27T05:20:35Z Moyogo 11 '''Lifalasɛ́''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[France]]. [[Category:Lokótá]] [[als:Französische Sprache]] [[ang:Frencisc geþéode]] [[ar:&#1601;&#1585;&#1606;&#1587;&#1610;&#1577;]] [[ca:Francès]] [[cs:Francouz%C5%A1tina]] [[cy:Ffrangeg]] [[da:Fransk]] [[de:Französische Sprache]] [[eo:Franca lingvo]] [[es:Idioma francés]] [[et:Prantsuse keel]] [[fi:Ranskan kieli]] [[fr:Français (langue)]] [[ga:Fraincís]] [[he:&#1510;&#1512;&#1508;&#1514;&#1497;&#1514;]] [[hu:Francia nyelv]] [[ia:Lingua francese]] [[id:Bahasa Perancis]] [[it:Lingua francese]] [[iu:&#5125;&#5123;&#5462;&#5198;&#5200;&#5222;]] [[ja:&#12501;&#12521;&#12531;&#12473;&#35486;]] [[kw:Yeth Frynkek]] [[na:Francise]] [[nds:Franzeusch]] [[nl:Frans]] [[no:Fransk språk]] [[pl:J&#281;zyk francuski]] [[pt:Língua francesa]] [[ro:Limba francez&#259;]] [[ru:&#1060;&#1088;&#1072;&#1085;&#1094;&#1091;&#1079;&#1089;&#1082;&#1080;&#1081; &#1103;&#1079;&#1099;&#1082;]] [[simple:French language]] [[sl:Franco&#353;&#269;ina]] [[sv:Franska]] [[th:&#3616;&#3634;&#3625;&#3634;&#3613;&#3619;&#3633;&#3656;&#3591;&#3648;&#3624;&#3626;]] [[vi:Ti&#7871;ng Pháp]] [[zh-cn:&#27861;&#35821;]] [[zh-tw:&#27861;&#35486;]] 2599 2005-04-30T08:05:23Z Bombo 12 Image:Logo-francophonie.jpg '''Lifalasɛ́''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[France]]. [[Category:Lokótá]] [[als:Französische Sprache]] [[ang:Frencisc geþéode]] [[ar:&#1601;&#1585;&#1606;&#1587;&#1610;&#1577;]] [[ca:Francès]] [[cs:Francouz%C5%A1tina]] [[cy:Ffrangeg]] [[da:Fransk]] [[de:Französische Sprache]] [[eo:Franca lingvo]] [[es:Idioma francés]] [[et:Prantsuse keel]] [[fi:Ranskan kieli]] [[fr:Français (langue)]] [[ga:Fraincís]] [[he:&#1510;&#1512;&#1508;&#1514;&#1497;&#1514;]] [[hu:Francia nyelv]] [[ia:Lingua francese]] [[id:Bahasa Perancis]] [[it:Lingua francese]] [[iu:&#5125;&#5123;&#5462;&#5198;&#5200;&#5222;]] [[ja:&#12501;&#12521;&#12531;&#12473;&#35486;]] [[kw:Yeth Frynkek]] [[na:Francise]] [[nds:Franzeusch]] [[nl:Frans]] [[no:Fransk språk]] [[pl:J&#281;zyk francuski]] [[pt:Língua francesa]] [[ro:Limba francez&#259;]] [[ru:&#1060;&#1088;&#1072;&#1085;&#1094;&#1091;&#1079;&#1089;&#1082;&#1080;&#1081; &#1103;&#1079;&#1099;&#1082;]] [[simple:French language]] [[sl:Franco&#353;&#269;ina]] [[sv:Franska]] [[th:&#3616;&#3634;&#3625;&#3634;&#3613;&#3619;&#3633;&#3656;&#3591;&#3648;&#3624;&#3626;]] [[vi:Ti&#7871;ng Pháp]] [[zh-cn:&#27861;&#35821;]] [[zh-tw:&#27861;&#35486;]] 2600 2005-04-30T08:09:16Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Logo-francophonie.jpg]] '''Lifalasɛ́''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[France]]. [[Category:Lokótá]] [[als:Französische Sprache]] [[ang:Frencisc geþéode]] [[ar:&#1601;&#1585;&#1606;&#1587;&#1610;&#1577;]] [[ca:Francès]] [[cs:Francouz%C5%A1tina]] [[cy:Ffrangeg]] [[da:Fransk]] [[de:Französische Sprache]] [[eo:Franca lingvo]] [[es:Idioma francés]] [[et:Prantsuse keel]] [[fi:Ranskan kieli]] [[fr:Français (langue)]] [[ga:Fraincís]] [[he:&#1510;&#1512;&#1508;&#1514;&#1497;&#1514;]] [[hu:Francia nyelv]] [[ia:Lingua francese]] [[id:Bahasa Perancis]] [[it:Lingua francese]] [[iu:&#5125;&#5123;&#5462;&#5198;&#5200;&#5222;]] [[ja:&#12501;&#12521;&#12531;&#12473;&#35486;]] [[kw:Yeth Frynkek]] [[na:Francise]] [[nds:Franzeusch]] [[nl:Frans]] [[no:Fransk språk]] [[pl:J&#281;zyk francuski]] [[pt:Língua francesa]] [[ro:Limba francez&#259;]] [[ru:&#1060;&#1088;&#1072;&#1085;&#1094;&#1091;&#1079;&#1089;&#1082;&#1080;&#1081; &#1103;&#1079;&#1099;&#1082;]] [[simple:French language]] [[sl:Franco&#353;&#269;ina]] [[sv:Franska]] [[th:&#3616;&#3634;&#3625;&#3634;&#3613;&#3619;&#3633;&#3656;&#3591;&#3648;&#3624;&#3626;]] [[vi:Ti&#7871;ng Pháp]] [[zh-cn:&#27861;&#35821;]] [[zh-tw:&#27861;&#35486;]] 2626 2005-04-30T08:09:40Z Bombo 12 '''Lifalasɛ́''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[France]]. [[Category:Lokótá]] [[als:Französische Sprache]] [[ang:Frencisc geþéode]] [[ar:&#1601;&#1585;&#1606;&#1587;&#1610;&#1577;]] [[ca:Francès]] [[cs:Francouz%C5%A1tina]] [[cy:Ffrangeg]] [[da:Fransk]] [[de:Französische Sprache]] [[eo:Franca lingvo]] [[es:Idioma francés]] [[et:Prantsuse keel]] [[fi:Ranskan kieli]] [[fr:Français (langue)]] [[ga:Fraincís]] [[he:&#1510;&#1512;&#1508;&#1514;&#1497;&#1514;]] [[hu:Francia nyelv]] [[ia:Lingua francese]] [[id:Bahasa Perancis]] [[it:Lingua francese]] [[iu:&#5125;&#5123;&#5462;&#5198;&#5200;&#5222;]] [[ja:&#12501;&#12521;&#12531;&#12473;&#35486;]] [[kw:Yeth Frynkek]] [[na:Francise]] [[nds:Franzeusch]] [[nl:Frans]] [[no:Fransk språk]] [[pl:J&#281;zyk francuski]] [[pt:Língua francesa]] [[ro:Limba francez&#259;]] [[ru:&#1060;&#1088;&#1072;&#1085;&#1094;&#1091;&#1079;&#1089;&#1082;&#1080;&#1081; &#1103;&#1079;&#1099;&#1082;]] [[simple:French language]] [[sl:Franco&#353;&#269;ina]] [[sv:Franska]] [[th:&#3616;&#3634;&#3625;&#3634;&#3613;&#3619;&#3633;&#3656;&#3591;&#3648;&#3624;&#3626;]] [[vi:Ti&#7871;ng Pháp]] [[zh-cn:&#27861;&#35821;]] [[zh-tw:&#27861;&#35486;]] 2627 2005-05-10T20:34:20Z 80.218.20.216 [[image:Francais-World.png]] '''Lifalasɛ́''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[France]]. [[Category:Lokótá]] [[als:Französische Sprache]] [[ang:Frencisc geþéode]] [[ar:&#1601;&#1585;&#1606;&#1587;&#1610;&#1577;]] [[ca:Francès]] [[cs:Francouz%C5%A1tina]] [[cy:Ffrangeg]] [[da:Fransk]] [[de:Französische Sprache]] [[eo:Franca lingvo]] [[es:Idioma francés]] [[et:Prantsuse keel]] [[fi:Ranskan kieli]] [[fr:Français (langue)]] [[ga:Fraincís]] [[he:&#1510;&#1512;&#1508;&#1514;&#1497;&#1514;]] [[hu:Francia nyelv]] [[ia:Lingua francese]] [[id:Bahasa Perancis]] [[it:Lingua francese]] [[iu:&#5125;&#5123;&#5462;&#5198;&#5200;&#5222;]] [[ja:&#12501;&#12521;&#12531;&#12473;&#35486;]] [[kw:Yeth Frynkek]] [[na:Francise]] [[nds:Franzeusch]] [[nl:Frans]] [[no:Fransk språk]] [[pl:J&#281;zyk francuski]] [[pt:Língua francesa]] [[ro:Limba francez&#259;]] [[ru:&#1060;&#1088;&#1072;&#1085;&#1094;&#1091;&#1079;&#1089;&#1082;&#1080;&#1081; &#1103;&#1079;&#1099;&#1082;]] [[simple:French language]] [[sl:Franco&#353;&#269;ina]] [[sv:Franska]] [[th:&#3616;&#3634;&#3625;&#3634;&#3613;&#3619;&#3633;&#3656;&#3591;&#3648;&#3624;&#3626;]] [[vi:Ti&#7871;ng Pháp]] [[zh-cn:&#27861;&#35821;]] [[zh-tw:&#27861;&#35486;]] 2692 2005-05-10T20:35:37Z 80.218.20.216 [[image:Francais-World.png|thumb|right|description]] '''Lifalasɛ́''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[France]]. [[Category:Lokótá]] [[als:Französische Sprache]] [[ang:Frencisc geþéode]] [[ar:&#1601;&#1585;&#1606;&#1587;&#1610;&#1577;]] [[ca:Francès]] [[cs:Francouz%C5%A1tina]] [[cy:Ffrangeg]] [[da:Fransk]] [[de:Französische Sprache]] [[eo:Franca lingvo]] [[es:Idioma francés]] [[et:Prantsuse keel]] [[fi:Ranskan kieli]] [[fr:Français (langue)]] [[ga:Fraincís]] [[he:&#1510;&#1512;&#1508;&#1514;&#1497;&#1514;]] [[hu:Francia nyelv]] [[ia:Lingua francese]] [[id:Bahasa Perancis]] [[it:Lingua francese]] [[iu:&#5125;&#5123;&#5462;&#5198;&#5200;&#5222;]] [[ja:&#12501;&#12521;&#12531;&#12473;&#35486;]] [[kw:Yeth Frynkek]] [[na:Francise]] [[nds:Franzeusch]] [[nl:Frans]] [[no:Fransk språk]] [[pl:J&#281;zyk francuski]] [[pt:Língua francesa]] [[ro:Limba francez&#259;]] [[ru:&#1060;&#1088;&#1072;&#1085;&#1094;&#1091;&#1079;&#1089;&#1082;&#1080;&#1081; &#1103;&#1079;&#1099;&#1082;]] [[simple:French language]] [[sl:Franco&#353;&#269;ina]] [[sv:Franska]] [[th:&#3616;&#3634;&#3625;&#3634;&#3613;&#3619;&#3633;&#3656;&#3591;&#3648;&#3624;&#3626;]] [[vi:Ti&#7871;ng Pháp]] [[zh-cn:&#27861;&#35821;]] [[zh-tw:&#27861;&#35486;]] 2694 2005-05-31T18:16:10Z Moyogo 11 Lifalansé [[image:Francais-World.png|thumb|right|description]] '''Lifalansé''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Falansia]]. [[Category:Lokótá]] [[als:Französische Sprache]] [[ang:Frencisc geþéode]] [[ar:&#1601;&#1585;&#1606;&#1587;&#1610;&#1577;]] [[ca:Francès]] [[cs:Francouz%C5%A1tina]] [[cy:Ffrangeg]] [[da:Fransk]] [[de:Französische Sprache]] [[eo:Franca lingvo]] [[es:Idioma francés]] [[et:Prantsuse keel]] [[fi:Ranskan kieli]] [[fr:Français (langue)]] [[ga:Fraincís]] [[he:&#1510;&#1512;&#1508;&#1514;&#1497;&#1514;]] [[hu:Francia nyelv]] [[ia:Lingua francese]] [[id:Bahasa Perancis]] [[it:Lingua francese]] [[iu:&#5125;&#5123;&#5462;&#5198;&#5200;&#5222;]] [[ja:&#12501;&#12521;&#12531;&#12473;&#35486;]] [[kw:Yeth Frynkek]] [[na:Francise]] [[nds:Franzeusch]] [[nl:Frans]] [[no:Fransk språk]] [[pl:J&#281;zyk francuski]] [[pt:Língua francesa]] [[ro:Limba francez&#259;]] [[ru:&#1060;&#1088;&#1072;&#1085;&#1094;&#1091;&#1079;&#1089;&#1082;&#1080;&#1081; &#1103;&#1079;&#1099;&#1082;]] [[simple:French language]] [[sl:Franco&#353;&#269;ina]] [[sv:Franska]] [[th:&#3616;&#3634;&#3625;&#3634;&#3613;&#3619;&#3633;&#3656;&#3591;&#3648;&#3624;&#3626;]] [[vi:Ti&#7871;ng Pháp]] [[zh-cn:&#27861;&#35821;]] [[zh-tw:&#27861;&#35486;]] 2702 2005-05-31T18:21:38Z Moyogo 11 +bise isúsu [[image:Francais-World.png|thumb|right|description]] '''Lifalansé''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Falansia]]. Elobamí o na eténi ya [[Bɛ́ljika]], [[Swisi]], [[Québeki]] na [[Afríka]]. [[Category:Lokótá]] [[als:Französische Sprache]] [[ang:Frencisc geþéode]] [[ar:&#1601;&#1585;&#1606;&#1587;&#1610;&#1577;]] [[ca:Francès]] [[cs:Francouz%C5%A1tina]] [[cy:Ffrangeg]] [[da:Fransk]] [[de:Französische Sprache]] [[eo:Franca lingvo]] [[es:Idioma francés]] [[et:Prantsuse keel]] [[fi:Ranskan kieli]] [[fr:Français (langue)]] [[ga:Fraincís]] [[he:&#1510;&#1512;&#1508;&#1514;&#1497;&#1514;]] [[hu:Francia nyelv]] [[ia:Lingua francese]] [[id:Bahasa Perancis]] [[it:Lingua francese]] [[iu:&#5125;&#5123;&#5462;&#5198;&#5200;&#5222;]] [[ja:&#12501;&#12521;&#12531;&#12473;&#35486;]] [[kw:Yeth Frynkek]] [[na:Francise]] [[nds:Franzeusch]] [[nl:Frans]] [[no:Fransk språk]] [[pl:J&#281;zyk francuski]] [[pt:Língua francesa]] [[ro:Limba francez&#259;]] [[ru:&#1060;&#1088;&#1072;&#1085;&#1094;&#1091;&#1079;&#1089;&#1082;&#1080;&#1081; &#1103;&#1079;&#1099;&#1082;]] [[simple:French language]] [[sl:Franco&#353;&#269;ina]] [[sv:Franska]] [[th:&#3616;&#3634;&#3625;&#3634;&#3613;&#3619;&#3633;&#3656;&#3591;&#3648;&#3624;&#3626;]] [[vi:Ti&#7871;ng Pháp]] [[zh-cn:&#27861;&#35821;]] [[zh-tw:&#27861;&#35486;]] 4678 2005-05-31T20:42:48Z Moyogo 11 [[image:Francais-World.png|thumb|right|description]] '''Lifalansé''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Falansia]]. Elobamí o na eténi ya [[Bɛ́lɛjika]], [[Swisi]], [[Québeki]] na [[Afríka]]. [[Category:Lokótá]] [[als:Französische Sprache]] [[ang:Frencisc geþéode]] [[ar:&#1601;&#1585;&#1606;&#1587;&#1610;&#1577;]] [[ca:Francès]] [[cs:Francouz%C5%A1tina]] [[cy:Ffrangeg]] [[da:Fransk]] [[de:Französische Sprache]] [[eo:Franca lingvo]] [[es:Idioma francés]] [[et:Prantsuse keel]] [[fi:Ranskan kieli]] [[fr:Français (langue)]] [[ga:Fraincís]] [[he:&#1510;&#1512;&#1508;&#1514;&#1497;&#1514;]] [[hu:Francia nyelv]] [[ia:Lingua francese]] [[id:Bahasa Perancis]] [[it:Lingua francese]] [[iu:&#5125;&#5123;&#5462;&#5198;&#5200;&#5222;]] [[ja:&#12501;&#12521;&#12531;&#12473;&#35486;]] [[kw:Yeth Frynkek]] [[na:Francise]] [[nds:Franzeusch]] [[nl:Frans]] [[no:Fransk språk]] [[pl:J&#281;zyk francuski]] [[pt:Língua francesa]] [[ro:Limba francez&#259;]] [[ru:&#1060;&#1088;&#1072;&#1085;&#1094;&#1091;&#1079;&#1089;&#1082;&#1080;&#1081; &#1103;&#1079;&#1099;&#1082;]] [[simple:French language]] [[sl:Franco&#353;&#269;ina]] [[sv:Franska]] [[th:&#3616;&#3634;&#3625;&#3634;&#3613;&#3619;&#3633;&#3656;&#3591;&#3648;&#3624;&#3626;]] [[vi:Ti&#7871;ng Pháp]] [[zh-cn:&#27861;&#35821;]] [[zh-tw:&#27861;&#35486;]] 5864 2005-07-31T08:38:30Z Moyogo 11 +{{InterWiki|code=fr}} [[image:Francais-World.png|thumb|right|description]] '''Lifalansé''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Falansia]]. Elobamí o na eténi ya [[Bɛ́lɛjika]], [[Swisi]], [[Québeki]] na [[Afríka]]. {{InterWiki|code=fr}} [[Category:Lokótá]] [[als:Französische Sprache]] [[ang:Frencisc geþéode]] [[ar:&#1601;&#1585;&#1606;&#1587;&#1610;&#1577;]] [[ca:Francès]] [[cs:Francouz%C5%A1tina]] [[cy:Ffrangeg]] [[da:Fransk]] [[de:Französische Sprache]] [[eo:Franca lingvo]] [[es:Idioma francés]] [[et:Prantsuse keel]] [[fi:Ranskan kieli]] [[fr:Français (langue)]] [[ga:Fraincís]] [[he:&#1510;&#1512;&#1508;&#1514;&#1497;&#1514;]] [[hu:Francia nyelv]] [[ia:Lingua francese]] [[id:Bahasa Perancis]] [[it:Lingua francese]] [[iu:&#5125;&#5123;&#5462;&#5198;&#5200;&#5222;]] [[ja:&#12501;&#12521;&#12531;&#12473;&#35486;]] [[kw:Yeth Frynkek]] [[na:Francise]] [[nds:Franzeusch]] [[nl:Frans]] [[no:Fransk språk]] [[pl:J&#281;zyk francuski]] [[pt:Língua francesa]] [[ro:Limba francez&#259;]] [[ru:&#1060;&#1088;&#1072;&#1085;&#1094;&#1091;&#1079;&#1089;&#1082;&#1080;&#1081; &#1103;&#1079;&#1099;&#1082;]] [[simple:French language]] [[sl:Franco&#353;&#269;ina]] [[sv:Franska]] [[th:&#3616;&#3634;&#3625;&#3634;&#3613;&#3619;&#3633;&#3656;&#3591;&#3648;&#3624;&#3626;]] [[vi:Ti&#7871;ng Pháp]] [[zh-cn:&#27861;&#35821;]] [[zh-tw:&#27861;&#35486;]] 5865 2005-07-31T08:39:30Z Moyogo 11 Québeki -> Kébeki (Q n'est pas dans l'alphabet lingala) [[image:Francais-World.png|thumb|right|description]] '''Lifalansé''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Falansia]]. Elobamí o na eténi ya [[Bɛ́lɛjika]], [[Swisi]], [[Kébeki]] na [[Afríka]]. {{InterWiki|code=fr}} [[Category:Lokótá]] [[als:Französische Sprache]] [[ang:Frencisc geþéode]] [[ar:&#1601;&#1585;&#1606;&#1587;&#1610;&#1577;]] [[ca:Francès]] [[cs:Francouz%C5%A1tina]] [[cy:Ffrangeg]] [[da:Fransk]] [[de:Französische Sprache]] [[eo:Franca lingvo]] [[es:Idioma francés]] [[et:Prantsuse keel]] [[fi:Ranskan kieli]] [[fr:Français (langue)]] [[ga:Fraincís]] [[he:&#1510;&#1512;&#1508;&#1514;&#1497;&#1514;]] [[hu:Francia nyelv]] [[ia:Lingua francese]] [[id:Bahasa Perancis]] [[it:Lingua francese]] [[iu:&#5125;&#5123;&#5462;&#5198;&#5200;&#5222;]] [[ja:&#12501;&#12521;&#12531;&#12473;&#35486;]] [[kw:Yeth Frynkek]] [[na:Francise]] [[nds:Franzeusch]] [[nl:Frans]] [[no:Fransk språk]] [[pl:J&#281;zyk francuski]] [[pt:Língua francesa]] [[ro:Limba francez&#259;]] [[ru:&#1060;&#1088;&#1072;&#1085;&#1094;&#1091;&#1079;&#1089;&#1082;&#1080;&#1081; &#1103;&#1079;&#1099;&#1082;]] [[simple:French language]] [[sl:Franco&#353;&#269;ina]] [[sv:Franska]] [[th:&#3616;&#3634;&#3625;&#3634;&#3613;&#3619;&#3633;&#3656;&#3591;&#3648;&#3624;&#3626;]] [[vi:Ti&#7871;ng Pháp]] [[zh-cn:&#27861;&#35821;]] [[zh-tw:&#27861;&#35486;]] 6609 2005-10-28T21:57:22Z Robbot 14 robot Ajoute: af, bg, bm, br, el, en, gl, io, is, ka, ko, lt, lv, mk, nn, oc, os, rm, sc, sco, se, sr, tl, tr, zh-min-nan Retire: na Modifie: ang, ar, da, fr, ga, kw, nds, zh [[image:Francais-World.png|thumb|right|description]] '''Lifalansé''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Falansia]]. Elobamí o na eténi ya [[Bɛ́lɛjika]], [[Swisi]], [[Kébeki]] na [[Afríka]]. {{InterWiki|code=fr}} [[Category:Lokótá]] [[af:Franse taal]] [[als:Französische Sprache]] [[ang:Frencisc sprǣc]] [[ar:فرنسية (لغة)]] [[bg:Френски език]] [[bm:Faransikan]] [[br:Galleg]] [[ca:Francès]] [[cs:Francouzština]] [[cy:Ffrangeg]] [[da:Fransk (sprog)]] [[de:Französische Sprache]] [[el:Γαλλική γλώσσα]] [[en:French language]] [[eo:Franca lingvo]] [[es:Idioma francés]] [[et:Prantsuse keel]] [[fi:Ranskan kieli]] [[fr:Français]] [[ga:Fraincis]] [[gl:Lingua francesa]] [[he:צרפתית]] [[hu:Francia nyelv]] [[ia:Lingua francese]] [[id:Bahasa Perancis]] [[io:Franca linguo]] [[is:Franska]] [[it:Lingua francese]] [[iu:ᐅᐃᕖᑎᑐᑦ]] [[ja:フランス語]] [[ka:ფრანგული ენა]] [[ko:프랑스어]] [[kw:Frynkek]] [[lt:Prancūzų kalba]] [[lv:Franču valoda]] [[mk:Француски јазик]] [[nds:Franzöösche Spraak]] [[nl:Frans]] [[nn:Fransk språk]] [[no:Fransk språk]] [[oc:Francés]] [[os:Францусаг æвзаг]] [[pl:Język francuski]] [[pt:Língua francesa]] [[rm:Lingua franzosa]] [[ro:Limba franceză]] [[ru:Французский язык]] [[sc:Limba frantzesa]] [[sco:French leid]] [[se:Fránskkagiella]] [[simple:French language]] [[sl:Francoščina]] [[sr:Француски језик]] [[sv:Franska]] [[th:ภาษาฝรั่งเศส]] [[tl:Wikang Pranses]] [[tr:Fransızca]] [[vi:Tiếng Pháp]] [[zh:法语]] [[zh-min-nan:Hoat-gí]] 7336 2005-12-13T13:26:04Z 160.85.2.50 cat Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa [[image:Francais-World.png|thumb|right|description]] '''Lifalansé''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Falansia]]. Elobamí o na eténi ya [[Bɛ́lɛjika]], [[Swisi]], [[Kébeki]] na [[Afríka]]. {{InterWiki|code=fr}} [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] [[Category:Nkotá ya mokili]] [[af:Franse taal]] [[als:Französische Sprache]] [[ang:Frencisc sprǣc]] [[ar:فرنسية (لغة)]] [[bg:Френски език]] [[bm:Faransikan]] [[br:Galleg]] [[ca:Francès]] [[cs:Francouzština]] [[cy:Ffrangeg]] [[da:Fransk (sprog)]] [[de:Französische Sprache]] [[el:Γαλλική γλώσσα]] [[en:French language]] [[eo:Franca lingvo]] [[es:Idioma francés]] [[et:Prantsuse keel]] [[fi:Ranskan kieli]] [[fr:Français]] [[ga:Fraincis]] [[gl:Lingua francesa]] [[he:צרפתית]] [[hu:Francia nyelv]] [[ia:Lingua francese]] [[id:Bahasa Perancis]] [[io:Franca linguo]] [[is:Franska]] [[it:Lingua francese]] [[iu:ᐅᐃᕖᑎᑐᑦ]] [[ja:フランス語]] [[ka:ფრანგული ენა]] [[ko:프랑스어]] [[kw:Frynkek]] [[lt:Prancūzų kalba]] [[lv:Franču valoda]] [[mk:Француски јазик]] [[nds:Franzöösche Spraak]] [[nl:Frans]] [[nn:Fransk språk]] [[no:Fransk språk]] [[oc:Francés]] [[os:Францусаг æвзаг]] [[pl:Język francuski]] [[pt:Língua francesa]] [[rm:Lingua franzosa]] [[ro:Limba franceză]] [[ru:Французский язык]] [[sc:Limba frantzesa]] [[sco:French leid]] [[se:Fránskkagiella]] [[simple:French language]] [[sl:Francoščina]] [[sr:Француски језик]] [[sv:Franska]] [[th:ภาษาฝรั่งเศส]] [[tl:Wikang Pranses]] [[tr:Fransızca]] [[vi:Tiếng Pháp]] [[zh:法语]] [[zh-min-nan:Hoat-gí]] 7965 2006-04-05T04:48:47Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: an, ast, eu, fa, hi, hr, ilo, ku, la, li, ms, scn, sh, sk, sq, ta, uk Modifie: ar, io [[image:Francais-World.png|thumb|right|description]] '''Lifalansé''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Falansia]]. Elobamí o na eténi ya [[Bɛ́lɛjika]], [[Swisi]], [[Kébeki]] na [[Afríka]]. {{InterWiki|code=fr}} [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] [[Category:Nkotá ya mokili]] [[af:Franse taal]] [[als:Französische Sprache]] [[an:Idioma franzés]] [[ang:Frencisc sprǣc]] [[ar:لغة فرنسية]] [[ast:Francés]] [[bg:Френски език]] [[bm:Faransikan]] [[br:Galleg]] [[ca:Francès]] [[cs:Francouzština]] [[cy:Ffrangeg]] [[da:Fransk (sprog)]] [[de:Französische Sprache]] [[el:Γαλλική γλώσσα]] [[en:French language]] [[eo:Franca lingvo]] [[es:Idioma francés]] [[et:Prantsuse keel]] [[eu:Frantses]] [[fa:زبان فرانسوی]] [[fi:Ranskan kieli]] [[fr:Français]] [[ga:Fraincis]] [[gl:Lingua francesa]] [[he:צרפתית]] [[hi:फ़्रांसिसी भाषा]] [[hr:Francuski jezik]] [[hu:Francia nyelv]] [[ia:Lingua francese]] [[id:Bahasa Perancis]] [[ilo:Pagsasao a Franses]] [[io:Franciana linguo]] [[is:Franska]] [[it:Lingua francese]] [[iu:ᐅᐃᕖᑎᑐᑦ]] [[ja:フランス語]] [[ka:ფრანგული ენა]] [[ko:프랑스어]] [[ku:Zimanê fransî]] [[kw:Frynkek]] [[la:Lingua Francogallica]] [[li:Frans]] [[lt:Prancūzų kalba]] [[lv:Franču valoda]] [[mk:Француски јазик]] [[ms:Bahasa Perancis]] [[nds:Franzöösche Spraak]] [[nl:Frans]] [[nn:Fransk språk]] [[no:Fransk språk]] [[oc:Francés]] [[os:Францусаг æвзаг]] [[pl:Język francuski]] [[pt:Língua francesa]] [[rm:Lingua franzosa]] [[ro:Limba franceză]] [[ru:Французский язык]] [[sc:Limba frantzesa]] [[scn:Lingua francisi]] [[sco:French leid]] [[se:Fránskkagiella]] [[sh:Francuski jezik]] [[simple:French language]] [[sk:Francúzština]] [[sl:Francoščina]] [[sq:Gjuha Frënge]] [[sr:Француски језик]] [[sv:Franska]] [[ta:பிரெஞ்சு மொழி]] [[th:ภาษาฝรั่งเศส]] [[tl:Wikang Pranses]] [[tr:Fransızca]] [[uk:Французька мова]] [[vi:Tiếng Pháp]] [[zh:法语]] [[zh-min-nan:Hoat-gí]] 8016 2006-04-15T23:45:35Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: frp, jbo [[image:Francais-World.png|thumb|right|description]] '''Lifalansé''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Falansia]]. Elobamí o na eténi ya [[Bɛ́lɛjika]], [[Swisi]], [[Kébeki]] na [[Afríka]]. {{InterWiki|code=fr}} [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] [[Category:Nkotá ya mokili]] [[af:Franse taal]] [[als:Französische Sprache]] [[an:Idioma franzés]] [[ang:Frencisc sprǣc]] [[ar:لغة فرنسية]] [[ast:Francés]] [[bg:Френски език]] [[bm:Faransikan]] [[br:Galleg]] [[ca:Francès]] [[cs:Francouzština]] [[cy:Ffrangeg]] [[da:Fransk (sprog)]] [[de:Französische Sprache]] [[el:Γαλλική γλώσσα]] [[en:French language]] [[eo:Franca lingvo]] [[es:Idioma francés]] [[et:Prantsuse keel]] [[eu:Frantses]] [[fa:زبان فرانسوی]] [[fi:Ranskan kieli]] [[fr:Français]] [[frp:Francês]] [[ga:Fraincis]] [[gl:Lingua francesa]] [[he:צרפתית]] [[hi:फ़्रांसिसी भाषा]] [[hr:Francuski jezik]] [[hu:Francia nyelv]] [[ia:Lingua francese]] [[id:Bahasa Perancis]] [[ilo:Pagsasao a Franses]] [[io:Franciana linguo]] [[is:Franska]] [[it:Lingua francese]] [[iu:ᐅᐃᕖᑎᑐᑦ]] [[ja:フランス語]] [[jbo:fasybau]] [[ka:ფრანგული ენა]] [[ko:프랑스어]] [[ku:Zimanê fransî]] [[kw:Frynkek]] [[la:Lingua Francogallica]] [[li:Frans]] [[lt:Prancūzų kalba]] [[lv:Franču valoda]] [[mk:Француски јазик]] [[ms:Bahasa Perancis]] [[nds:Franzöösche Spraak]] [[nl:Frans]] [[nn:Fransk språk]] [[no:Fransk språk]] [[oc:Francés]] [[os:Францусаг æвзаг]] [[pl:Język francuski]] [[pt:Língua francesa]] [[rm:Lingua franzosa]] [[ro:Limba franceză]] [[ru:Французский язык]] [[sc:Limba frantzesa]] [[scn:Lingua francisi]] [[sco:French leid]] [[se:Fránskkagiella]] [[sh:Francuski jezik]] [[simple:French language]] [[sk:Francúzština]] [[sl:Francoščina]] [[sq:Gjuha Frënge]] [[sr:Француски језик]] [[sv:Franska]] [[ta:பிரெஞ்சு மொழி]] [[th:ภาษาฝรั่งเศส]] [[tl:Wikang Pranses]] [[tr:Fransızca]] [[uk:Французька мова]] [[vi:Tiếng Pháp]] [[zh:法语]] [[zh-min-nan:Hoat-gí]] 8087 2006-05-01T19:16:27Z Bombo 12 kg [[Image:Map-Francophone World.png|center|300px|description]] '''Lifalansé''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Falansia]]. Elobamí o na eténi ya [[Bɛ́lɛjika]], [[Swisi]], [[Kébeki]] na [[Afríka]]. {{InterWiki|code=fr}} [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] [[Category:Nkotá ya mokili]] [[af:Franse taal]] [[als:Französische Sprache]] [[an:Idioma franzés]] [[ang:Frencisc sprǣc]] [[ar:لغة فرنسية]] [[ast:Francés]] [[bg:Френски език]] [[bm:Faransikan]] [[br:Galleg]] [[ca:Francès]] [[cs:Francouzština]] [[cy:Ffrangeg]] [[da:Fransk (sprog)]] [[de:Französische Sprache]] [[el:Γαλλική γλώσσα]] [[en:French language]] [[eo:Franca lingvo]] [[es:Idioma francés]] [[et:Prantsuse keel]] [[eu:Frantses]] [[fa:زبان فرانسوی]] [[fi:Ranskan kieli]] [[fr:Français]] [[frp:Francês]] [[ga:Fraincis]] [[gl:Lingua francesa]] [[he:צרפתית]] [[hi:फ़्रांसिसी भाषा]] [[hr:Francuski jezik]] [[hu:Francia nyelv]] [[ia:Lingua francese]] [[id:Bahasa Perancis]] [[ilo:Pagsasao a Franses]] [[io:Franciana linguo]] [[is:Franska]] [[it:Lingua francese]] [[iu:ᐅᐃᕖᑎᑐᑦ]] [[ja:フランス語]] [[jbo:fasybau]] [[ka:ფრანგული ენა]] [[kg:Kifalanse]] [[ko:프랑스어]] [[ku:Zimanê fransî]] [[kw:Frynkek]] [[la:Lingua Francogallica]] [[li:Frans]] [[lt:Prancūzų kalba]] [[lv:Franču valoda]] [[mk:Француски јазик]] [[ms:Bahasa Perancis]] [[nds:Franzöösche Spraak]] [[nl:Frans]] [[nn:Fransk språk]] [[no:Fransk språk]] [[oc:Francés]] [[os:Францусаг æвзаг]] [[pl:Język francuski]] [[pt:Língua francesa]] [[rm:Lingua franzosa]] [[ro:Limba franceză]] [[ru:Французский язык]] [[sc:Limba frantzesa]] [[scn:Lingua francisi]] [[sco:French leid]] [[se:Fránskkagiella]] [[sh:Francuski jezik]] [[simple:French language]] [[sk:Francúzština]] [[sl:Francoščina]] [[sq:Gjuha Frënge]] [[sr:Француски језик]] [[sv:Franska]] [[ta:பிரெஞ்சு மொழி]] [[th:ภาษาฝรั่งเศส]] [[tl:Wikang Pranses]] [[tr:Fransızca]] [[uk:Французька мова]] [[vi:Tiếng Pháp]] [[zh:法语]] [[zh-min-nan:Hoat-gí]] 8237 2006-05-25T11:07:52Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:Map-Francophone World.png|center|300px|description]] '''Lifalansé''' ezalí [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Falansia]]. Elobamí o na eténi ya [[Bɛ́lɛjika]], [[Swisi]], [[Kébeki]] na [[Afríka]]. {{InterWiki|code=fr}} [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] [[Category:Nkotá ya mokili]] [[af:Franse taal]] [[als:Französische Sprache]] [[an:Idioma franzés]] [[ang:Frencisc sprǣc]] [[ar:لغة فرنسية]] [[ast:Francés]] [[bg:Френски език]] [[bm:Faransikan]] [[br:Galleg]] [[ca:Francès]] [[cs:Francouzština]] [[cy:Ffrangeg]] [[da:Fransk (sprog)]] [[de:Französische Sprache]] [[el:Γαλλική γλώσσα]] [[en:French language]] [[eo:Franca lingvo]] [[es:Idioma francés]] [[et:Prantsuse keel]] [[eu:Frantses]] [[fa:زبان فرانسوی]] [[fi:Ranskan kieli]] [[fr:Français]] [[frp:Francês]] [[ga:Fraincis]] [[gl:Lingua francesa]] [[he:צרפתית]] [[hi:फ़्रांसिसी भाषा]] [[hr:Francuski jezik]] [[hu:Francia nyelv]] [[ia:Lingua francese]] [[id:Bahasa Perancis]] [[ilo:Pagsasao a Franses]] [[io:Franciana linguo]] [[is:Franska]] [[it:Lingua francese]] [[iu:ᐅᐃᕖᑎᑐᑦ]] [[ja:フランス語]] [[jbo:fasybau]] [[ka:ფრანგული ენა]] [[kg:Kifalanse]] [[ko:프랑스어]] [[ku:Zimanê fransî]] [[kw:Frynkek]] [[la:Lingua Francogallica]] [[li:Frans]] [[lt:Prancūzų kalba]] [[lv:Franču valoda]] [[mk:Француски јазик]] [[ms:Bahasa Perancis]] [[nds:Franzöösche Spraak]] [[nl:Frans]] [[nn:Fransk språk]] [[no:Fransk språk]] [[oc:Francés]] [[os:Францусаг æвзаг]] [[pl:Język francuski]] [[pt:Língua francesa]] [[rm:Lingua franzosa]] [[ro:Limba franceză]] [[ru:Французский язык]] [[sc:Limba frantzesa]] [[scn:Lingua francisi]] [[sco:French leid]] [[se:Fránskkagiella]] [[sh:Francuski jezik]] [[simple:French language]] [[sk:Francúzština]] [[sl:Francoščina]] [[sq:Gjuha Frënge]] [[sr:Француски језик]] [[sv:Franska]] [[ta:பிரெஞ்சு மொழி]] [[th:ภาษาฝรั่งเศส]] [[tl:Wikang Pranses]] [[tr:Fransızca]] [[uk:Французька мова]] [[vi:Tiếng Pháp]] [[zh:法语]] [[zh-min-nan:Hoat-gí]] 8902 2006-07-14T01:30:15Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: be, cv, ht, hy, nds-nl, nrm, sw, ug, wa, zh-yue Modifie: da, ilo, scn [[Image:Map-Francophone World.png|center|300px|description]] '''Lifalansé''' ezalí [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Falansia]]. Elobamí o na eténi ya [[Bɛ́lɛjika]], [[Swisi]], [[Kébeki]] na [[Afríka]]. {{InterWiki|code=fr}} [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] [[Category:Nkotá ya mokili]] [[af:Franse taal]] [[als:Französische Sprache]] [[an:Idioma franzés]] [[ang:Frencisc sprǣc]] [[ar:لغة فرنسية]] [[ast:Francés]] [[be:Француская мова]] [[bg:Френски език]] [[bm:Faransikan]] [[br:Galleg]] [[ca:Francès]] [[cs:Francouzština]] [[cv:Франци чĕлхи]] [[cy:Ffrangeg]] [[da:Fransk]] [[de:Französische Sprache]] [[el:Γαλλική γλώσσα]] [[en:French language]] [[eo:Franca lingvo]] [[es:Idioma francés]] [[et:Prantsuse keel]] [[eu:Frantses]] [[fa:زبان فرانسوی]] [[fi:Ranskan kieli]] [[fr:Français]] [[frp:Francês]] [[ga:Fraincis]] [[gl:Lingua francesa]] [[he:צרפתית]] [[hi:फ़्रांसिसी भाषा]] [[hr:Francuski jezik]] [[ht:Lang franse]] [[hu:Francia nyelv]] [[hy:Ֆրանսերեն]] [[ia:Lingua francese]] [[id:Bahasa Perancis]] [[ilo:Pagsasao a Frances]] [[io:Franciana linguo]] [[is:Franska]] [[it:Lingua francese]] [[iu:ᐅᐃᕖᑎᑐᑦ]] [[ja:フランス語]] [[jbo:fasybau]] [[ka:ფრანგული ენა]] [[kg:Kifalanse]] [[ko:프랑스어]] [[ku:Zimanê fransî]] [[kw:Frynkek]] [[la:Lingua Francogallica]] [[li:Frans]] [[lt:Prancūzų kalba]] [[lv:Franču valoda]] [[mk:Француски јазик]] [[ms:Bahasa Perancis]] [[nds:Franzöösche Spraak]] [[nds-nl:Fraans]] [[nl:Frans]] [[nn:Fransk språk]] [[no:Fransk språk]] [[nrm:Fraunceis]] [[oc:Francés]] [[os:Францусаг æвзаг]] [[pl:Język francuski]] [[pt:Língua francesa]] [[rm:Lingua franzosa]] [[ro:Limba franceză]] [[ru:Французский язык]] [[sc:Limba frantzesa]] [[scn:Lingua francisa]] [[sco:French leid]] [[se:Fránskkagiella]] [[sh:Francuski jezik]] [[simple:French language]] [[sk:Francúzština]] [[sl:Francoščina]] [[sq:Gjuha Frënge]] [[sr:Француски језик]] [[sv:Franska]] [[sw:Kifaransa]] [[ta:பிரெஞ்சு மொழி]] [[th:ภาษาฝรั่งเศส]] [[tl:Wikang Pranses]] [[tr:Fransızca]] [[ug:فرانسۇز تىل]] [[uk:Французька мова]] [[vi:Tiếng Pháp]] [[wa:Francès]] [[zh:法语]] [[zh-min-nan:Hoat-gí]] [[zh-yue:法語]] 8921 2006-07-18T05:15:22Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: bs, gd [[Image:Map-Francophone World.png|center|300px|description]] '''Lifalansé''' ezalí [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Falansia]]. Elobamí o na eténi ya [[Bɛ́lɛjika]], [[Swisi]], [[Kébeki]] na [[Afríka]]. {{InterWiki|code=fr}} [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] [[Category:Nkotá ya mokili]] [[af:Franse taal]] [[als:Französische Sprache]] [[an:Idioma franzés]] [[ang:Frencisc sprǣc]] [[ar:لغة فرنسية]] [[ast:Francés]] [[be:Француская мова]] [[bg:Френски език]] [[bm:Faransikan]] [[br:Galleg]] [[bs:Francuski jezik]] [[ca:Francès]] [[cs:Francouzština]] [[cv:Франци чĕлхи]] [[cy:Ffrangeg]] [[da:Fransk]] [[de:Französische Sprache]] [[el:Γαλλική γλώσσα]] [[en:French language]] [[eo:Franca lingvo]] [[es:Idioma francés]] [[et:Prantsuse keel]] [[eu:Frantses]] [[fa:زبان فرانسوی]] [[fi:Ranskan kieli]] [[fr:Français]] [[frp:Francês]] [[ga:Fraincis]] [[gd:Fraingis]] [[gl:Lingua francesa]] [[he:צרפתית]] [[hi:फ़्रांसिसी भाषा]] [[hr:Francuski jezik]] [[ht:Lang franse]] [[hu:Francia nyelv]] [[hy:Ֆրանսերեն]] [[ia:Lingua francese]] [[id:Bahasa Perancis]] [[ilo:Pagsasao a Frances]] [[io:Franciana linguo]] [[is:Franska]] [[it:Lingua francese]] [[iu:ᐅᐃᕖᑎᑐᑦ]] [[ja:フランス語]] [[jbo:fasybau]] [[ka:ფრანგული ენა]] [[kg:Kifalanse]] [[ko:프랑스어]] [[ku:Zimanê fransî]] [[kw:Frynkek]] [[la:Lingua Francogallica]] [[li:Frans]] [[lt:Prancūzų kalba]] [[lv:Franču valoda]] [[mk:Француски јазик]] [[ms:Bahasa Perancis]] [[nds:Franzöösche Spraak]] [[nds-nl:Fraans]] [[nl:Frans]] [[nn:Fransk språk]] [[no:Fransk språk]] [[nrm:Fraunceis]] [[oc:Francés]] [[os:Францусаг æвзаг]] [[pl:Język francuski]] [[pt:Língua francesa]] [[rm:Lingua franzosa]] [[ro:Limba franceză]] [[ru:Французский язык]] [[sc:Limba frantzesa]] [[scn:Lingua francisa]] [[sco:French leid]] [[se:Fránskkagiella]] [[sh:Francuski jezik]] [[simple:French language]] [[sk:Francúzština]] [[sl:Francoščina]] [[sq:Gjuha Frënge]] [[sr:Француски језик]] [[sv:Franska]] [[sw:Kifaransa]] [[ta:பிரெஞ்சு மொழி]] [[th:ภาษาฝรั่งเศส]] [[tl:Wikang Pranses]] [[tr:Fransızca]] [[ug:فرانسۇز تىل]] [[uk:Французька мова]] [[vi:Tiếng Pháp]] [[wa:Francès]] [[zh:法语]] [[zh-min-nan:Hoat-gí]] [[zh-yue:法語]] 9040 2006-08-02T06:11:01Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: [[bn:ফরাসি ভাষা]] Modifie: [[nds-nl:Frans]] [[Image:Map-Francophone World.png|center|300px|description]] '''Lifalansé''' ezalí [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Falansia]]. Elobamí o na eténi ya [[Bɛ́lɛjika]], [[Swisi]], [[Kébeki]] na [[Afríka]]. {{InterWiki|code=fr}} [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] [[Category:Nkotá ya mokili]] [[af:Franse taal]] [[als:Französische Sprache]] [[an:Idioma franzés]] [[ang:Frencisc sprǣc]] [[ar:لغة فرنسية]] [[ast:Francés]] [[be:Француская мова]] [[bg:Френски език]] [[bm:Faransikan]] [[bn:ফরাসি ভাষা]] [[br:Galleg]] [[bs:Francuski jezik]] [[ca:Francès]] [[cs:Francouzština]] [[cv:Франци чĕлхи]] [[cy:Ffrangeg]] [[da:Fransk]] [[de:Französische Sprache]] [[el:Γαλλική γλώσσα]] [[en:French language]] [[eo:Franca lingvo]] [[es:Idioma francés]] [[et:Prantsuse keel]] [[eu:Frantses]] [[fa:زبان فرانسوی]] [[fi:Ranskan kieli]] [[fr:Français]] [[frp:Francês]] [[ga:Fraincis]] [[gd:Fraingis]] [[gl:Lingua francesa]] [[he:צרפתית]] [[hi:फ़्रांसिसी भाषा]] [[hr:Francuski jezik]] [[ht:Lang franse]] [[hu:Francia nyelv]] [[hy:Ֆրանսերեն]] [[ia:Lingua francese]] [[id:Bahasa Perancis]] [[ilo:Pagsasao a Frances]] [[io:Franciana linguo]] [[is:Franska]] [[it:Lingua francese]] [[iu:ᐅᐃᕖᑎᑐᑦ]] [[ja:フランス語]] [[jbo:fasybau]] [[ka:ფრანგული ენა]] [[kg:Kifalanse]] [[ko:프랑스어]] [[ku:Zimanê fransî]] [[kw:Frynkek]] [[la:Lingua Francogallica]] [[li:Frans]] [[lt:Prancūzų kalba]] [[lv:Franču valoda]] [[mk:Француски јазик]] [[ms:Bahasa Perancis]] [[nds:Franzöösche Spraak]] [[nds-nl:Frans]] [[nl:Frans]] [[nn:Fransk språk]] [[no:Fransk språk]] [[nrm:Fraunceis]] [[oc:Francés]] [[os:Францусаг æвзаг]] [[pl:Język francuski]] [[pt:Língua francesa]] [[rm:Lingua franzosa]] [[ro:Limba franceză]] [[ru:Французский язык]] [[sc:Limba frantzesa]] [[scn:Lingua francisa]] [[sco:French leid]] [[se:Fránskkagiella]] [[sh:Francuski jezik]] [[simple:French language]] [[sk:Francúzština]] [[sl:Francoščina]] [[sq:Gjuha Frënge]] [[sr:Француски језик]] [[sv:Franska]] [[sw:Kifaransa]] [[ta:பிரெஞ்சு மொழி]] [[th:ภาษาฝรั่งเศส]] [[tl:Wikang Pranses]] [[tr:Fransızca]] [[ug:فرانسۇز تىل]] [[uk:Французька мова]] [[vi:Tiếng Pháp]] [[wa:Francès]] [[zh:法语]] [[zh-min-nan:Hoat-gí]] [[zh-yue:法語]] 9181 2006-08-27T19:55:59Z Moyogo 11 [[Lifalansé]] moved to [[Falansé]]: balobamí falansé [[Image:Map-Francophone World.png|center|300px|description]] '''Lifalansé''' ezalí [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Falansia]]. Elobamí o na eténi ya [[Bɛ́lɛjika]], [[Swisi]], [[Kébeki]] na [[Afríka]]. {{InterWiki|code=fr}} [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] [[Category:Nkotá ya mokili]] [[af:Franse taal]] [[als:Französische Sprache]] [[an:Idioma franzés]] [[ang:Frencisc sprǣc]] [[ar:لغة فرنسية]] [[ast:Francés]] [[be:Француская мова]] [[bg:Френски език]] [[bm:Faransikan]] [[bn:ফরাসি ভাষা]] [[br:Galleg]] [[bs:Francuski jezik]] [[ca:Francès]] [[cs:Francouzština]] [[cv:Франци чĕлхи]] [[cy:Ffrangeg]] [[da:Fransk]] [[de:Französische Sprache]] [[el:Γαλλική γλώσσα]] [[en:French language]] [[eo:Franca lingvo]] [[es:Idioma francés]] [[et:Prantsuse keel]] [[eu:Frantses]] [[fa:زبان فرانسوی]] [[fi:Ranskan kieli]] [[fr:Français]] [[frp:Francês]] [[ga:Fraincis]] [[gd:Fraingis]] [[gl:Lingua francesa]] [[he:צרפתית]] [[hi:फ़्रांसिसी भाषा]] [[hr:Francuski jezik]] [[ht:Lang franse]] [[hu:Francia nyelv]] [[hy:Ֆրանսերեն]] [[ia:Lingua francese]] [[id:Bahasa Perancis]] [[ilo:Pagsasao a Frances]] [[io:Franciana linguo]] [[is:Franska]] [[it:Lingua francese]] [[iu:ᐅᐃᕖᑎᑐᑦ]] [[ja:フランス語]] [[jbo:fasybau]] [[ka:ფრანგული ენა]] [[kg:Kifalanse]] [[ko:프랑스어]] [[ku:Zimanê fransî]] [[kw:Frynkek]] [[la:Lingua Francogallica]] [[li:Frans]] [[lt:Prancūzų kalba]] [[lv:Franču valoda]] [[mk:Француски јазик]] [[ms:Bahasa Perancis]] [[nds:Franzöösche Spraak]] [[nds-nl:Frans]] [[nl:Frans]] [[nn:Fransk språk]] [[no:Fransk språk]] [[nrm:Fraunceis]] [[oc:Francés]] [[os:Францусаг æвзаг]] [[pl:Język francuski]] [[pt:Língua francesa]] [[rm:Lingua franzosa]] [[ro:Limba franceză]] [[ru:Французский язык]] [[sc:Limba frantzesa]] [[scn:Lingua francisa]] [[sco:French leid]] [[se:Fránskkagiella]] [[sh:Francuski jezik]] [[simple:French language]] [[sk:Francúzština]] [[sl:Francoščina]] [[sq:Gjuha Frënge]] [[sr:Француски језик]] [[sv:Franska]] [[sw:Kifaransa]] [[ta:பிரெஞ்சு மொழி]] [[th:ภาษาฝรั่งเศส]] [[tl:Wikang Pranses]] [[tr:Fransızca]] [[ug:فرانسۇز تىل]] [[uk:Французька мова]] [[vi:Tiếng Pháp]] [[wa:Francès]] [[zh:法语]] [[zh-min-nan:Hoat-gí]] [[zh-yue:法語]] 9346 2006-09-14T16:17:01Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:Map-Francophone World.png|center|300px|description]] '''Lifalansé''' tǒ '''falansé''' ezalí [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Falansia]]. Elobamí o na eténi ya [[Bɛ́lɛjika]], [[Swisi]], [[Kébeki]] na [[Afríka]]. {{InterWiki|code=fr}} [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] [[Category:Nkotá ya mokili]] [[af:Franse taal]] [[als:Französische Sprache]] [[an:Idioma franzés]] [[ang:Frencisc sprǣc]] [[ar:لغة فرنسية]] [[ast:Francés]] [[be:Француская мова]] [[bg:Френски език]] [[bm:Faransikan]] [[bn:ফরাসি ভাষা]] [[br:Galleg]] [[bs:Francuski jezik]] [[ca:Francès]] [[cs:Francouzština]] [[cv:Франци чĕлхи]] [[cy:Ffrangeg]] [[da:Fransk]] [[de:Französische Sprache]] [[el:Γαλλική γλώσσα]] [[en:French language]] [[eo:Franca lingvo]] [[es:Idioma francés]] [[et:Prantsuse keel]] [[eu:Frantses]] [[fa:زبان فرانسوی]] [[fi:Ranskan kieli]] [[fr:Français]] [[frp:Francês]] [[ga:Fraincis]] [[gd:Fraingis]] [[gl:Lingua francesa]] [[he:צרפתית]] [[hi:फ़्रांसिसी भाषा]] [[hr:Francuski jezik]] [[ht:Lang franse]] [[hu:Francia nyelv]] [[hy:Ֆրանսերեն]] [[ia:Lingua francese]] [[id:Bahasa Perancis]] [[ilo:Pagsasao a Frances]] [[io:Franciana linguo]] [[is:Franska]] [[it:Lingua francese]] [[iu:ᐅᐃᕖᑎᑐᑦ]] [[ja:フランス語]] [[jbo:fasybau]] [[ka:ფრანგული ენა]] [[kg:Kifalanse]] [[ko:프랑스어]] [[ku:Zimanê fransî]] [[kw:Frynkek]] [[la:Lingua Francogallica]] [[li:Frans]] [[lt:Prancūzų kalba]] [[lv:Franču valoda]] [[mk:Француски јазик]] [[ms:Bahasa Perancis]] [[nds:Franzöösche Spraak]] [[nds-nl:Frans]] [[nl:Frans]] [[nn:Fransk språk]] [[no:Fransk språk]] [[nrm:Fraunceis]] [[oc:Francés]] [[os:Францусаг æвзаг]] [[pl:Język francuski]] [[pt:Língua francesa]] [[rm:Lingua franzosa]] [[ro:Limba franceză]] [[ru:Французский язык]] [[sc:Limba frantzesa]] [[scn:Lingua francisa]] [[sco:French leid]] [[se:Fránskkagiella]] [[sh:Francuski jezik]] [[simple:French language]] [[sk:Francúzština]] [[sl:Francoščina]] [[sq:Gjuha Frënge]] [[sr:Француски језик]] [[sv:Franska]] [[sw:Kifaransa]] [[ta:பிரெஞ்சு மொழி]] [[th:ภาษาฝรั่งเศส]] [[tl:Wikang Pranses]] [[tr:Fransızca]] [[ug:فرانسۇز تىل]] [[uk:Французька мова]] [[vi:Tiếng Pháp]] [[wa:Francès]] [[zh:法语]] [[zh-min-nan:Hoat-gí]] [[zh-yue:法語]] 9365 2006-09-17T19:10:53Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: am, fy, ty [[Image:Map-Francophone World.png|center|300px|description]] '''Lifalansé''' tǒ '''falansé''' ezalí [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Falansia]]. Elobamí o na eténi ya [[Bɛ́lɛjika]], [[Swisi]], [[Kébeki]] na [[Afríka]]. {{InterWiki|code=fr}} [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] [[Category:Nkotá ya mokili]] [[af:Franse taal]] [[als:Französische Sprache]] [[am:ፈረንሳይኛ]] [[an:Idioma franzés]] [[ang:Frencisc sprǣc]] [[ar:لغة فرنسية]] [[ast:Francés]] [[be:Француская мова]] [[bg:Френски език]] [[bm:Faransikan]] [[bn:ফরাসি ভাষা]] [[br:Galleg]] [[bs:Francuski jezik]] [[ca:Francès]] [[cs:Francouzština]] [[cv:Франци чĕлхи]] [[cy:Ffrangeg]] [[da:Fransk]] [[de:Französische Sprache]] [[el:Γαλλική γλώσσα]] [[en:French language]] [[eo:Franca lingvo]] [[es:Idioma francés]] [[et:Prantsuse keel]] [[eu:Frantses]] [[fa:زبان فرانسوی]] [[fi:Ranskan kieli]] [[fr:Français]] [[frp:Francês]] [[fy:Frânsk]] [[ga:Fraincis]] [[gd:Fraingis]] [[gl:Lingua francesa]] [[he:צרפתית]] [[hi:फ़्रांसिसी भाषा]] [[hr:Francuski jezik]] [[ht:Lang franse]] [[hu:Francia nyelv]] [[hy:Ֆրանսերեն]] [[ia:Lingua francese]] [[id:Bahasa Perancis]] [[ilo:Pagsasao a Frances]] [[io:Franciana linguo]] [[is:Franska]] [[it:Lingua francese]] [[iu:ᐅᐃᕖᑎᑐᑦ]] [[ja:フランス語]] [[jbo:fasybau]] [[ka:ფრანგული ენა]] [[kg:Kifalanse]] [[ko:프랑스어]] [[ku:Zimanê fransî]] [[kw:Frynkek]] [[la:Lingua Francogallica]] [[li:Frans]] [[lt:Prancūzų kalba]] [[lv:Franču valoda]] [[mk:Француски јазик]] [[ms:Bahasa Perancis]] [[nds:Franzöösche Spraak]] [[nds-nl:Frans]] [[nl:Frans]] [[nn:Fransk språk]] [[no:Fransk språk]] [[nrm:Fraunceis]] [[oc:Francés]] [[os:Францусаг æвзаг]] [[pl:Język francuski]] [[pt:Língua francesa]] [[rm:Lingua franzosa]] [[ro:Limba franceză]] [[ru:Французский язык]] [[sc:Limba frantzesa]] [[scn:Lingua francisa]] [[sco:French leid]] [[se:Fránskkagiella]] [[sh:Francuski jezik]] [[simple:French language]] [[sk:Francúzština]] [[sl:Francoščina]] [[sq:Gjuha Frënge]] [[sr:Француски језик]] [[sv:Franska]] [[sw:Kifaransa]] [[ta:பிரெஞ்சு மொழி]] [[th:ภาษาฝรั่งเศส]] [[tl:Wikang Pranses]] [[tr:Fransızca]] [[ty:Reo farāni]] [[ug:فرانسۇز تىل]] [[uk:Французька мова]] [[vi:Tiếng Pháp]] [[wa:Francès]] [[zh:法语]] [[zh-min-nan:Hoat-gí]] [[zh-yue:法語]] 9401 2006-09-30T20:05:41Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: tg Modifie: oc [[Image:Map-Francophone World.png|center|300px|description]] '''Lifalansé''' tǒ '''falansé''' ezalí [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Falansia]]. Elobamí o na eténi ya [[Bɛ́lɛjika]], [[Swisi]], [[Kébeki]] na [[Afríka]]. {{InterWiki|code=fr}} [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] [[Category:Nkotá ya mokili]] [[af:Franse taal]] [[als:Französische Sprache]] [[am:ፈረንሳይኛ]] [[an:Idioma franzés]] [[ang:Frencisc sprǣc]] [[ar:لغة فرنسية]] [[ast:Francés]] [[be:Француская мова]] [[bg:Френски език]] [[bm:Faransikan]] [[bn:ফরাসি ভাষা]] [[br:Galleg]] [[bs:Francuski jezik]] [[ca:Francès]] [[cs:Francouzština]] [[cv:Франци чĕлхи]] [[cy:Ffrangeg]] [[da:Fransk]] [[de:Französische Sprache]] [[el:Γαλλική γλώσσα]] [[en:French language]] [[eo:Franca lingvo]] [[es:Idioma francés]] [[et:Prantsuse keel]] [[eu:Frantses]] [[fa:زبان فرانسوی]] [[fi:Ranskan kieli]] [[fr:Français]] [[frp:Francês]] [[fy:Frânsk]] [[ga:Fraincis]] [[gd:Fraingis]] [[gl:Lingua francesa]] [[he:צרפתית]] [[hi:फ़्रांसिसी भाषा]] [[hr:Francuski jezik]] [[ht:Lang franse]] [[hu:Francia nyelv]] [[hy:Ֆրանսերեն]] [[ia:Lingua francese]] [[id:Bahasa Perancis]] [[ilo:Pagsasao a Frances]] [[io:Franciana linguo]] [[is:Franska]] [[it:Lingua francese]] [[iu:ᐅᐃᕖᑎᑐᑦ]] [[ja:フランス語]] [[jbo:fasybau]] [[ka:ფრანგული ენა]] [[kg:Kifalanse]] [[ko:프랑스어]] [[ku:Zimanê fransî]] [[kw:Frynkek]] [[la:Lingua Francogallica]] [[li:Frans]] [[lt:Prancūzų kalba]] [[lv:Franču valoda]] [[mk:Француски јазик]] [[ms:Bahasa Perancis]] [[nds:Franzöösche Spraak]] [[nds-nl:Frans]] [[nl:Frans]] [[nn:Fransk språk]] [[no:Fransk språk]] [[nrm:Fraunceis]] [[oc:Lenga francesa]] [[os:Францусаг æвзаг]] [[pl:Język francuski]] [[pt:Língua francesa]] [[rm:Lingua franzosa]] [[ro:Limba franceză]] [[ru:Французский язык]] [[sc:Limba frantzesa]] [[scn:Lingua francisa]] [[sco:French leid]] [[se:Fránskkagiella]] [[sh:Francuski jezik]] [[simple:French language]] [[sk:Francúzština]] [[sl:Francoščina]] [[sq:Gjuha Frënge]] [[sr:Француски језик]] [[sv:Franska]] [[sw:Kifaransa]] [[ta:பிரெஞ்சு மொழி]] [[tg:Забони фаронсавӣ]] [[th:ภาษาฝรั่งเศส]] [[tl:Wikang Pranses]] [[tr:Fransızca]] [[ty:Reo farāni]] [[ug:فرانسۇز تىل]] [[uk:Французька мова]] [[vi:Tiếng Pháp]] [[wa:Francès]] [[zh:法语]] [[zh-min-nan:Hoat-gí]] [[zh-yue:法語]] 9562 2006-10-22T22:05:34Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: [[lb:Franséisch]] [[Image:Map-Francophone World.png|center|300px|description]] '''Lifalansé''' tǒ '''falansé''' ezalí [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Falansia]]. Elobamí o na eténi ya [[Bɛ́lɛjika]], [[Swisi]], [[Kébeki]] na [[Afríka]]. {{InterWiki|code=fr}} [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] [[Category:Nkotá ya mokili]] [[af:Franse taal]] [[als:Französische Sprache]] [[am:ፈረንሳይኛ]] [[an:Idioma franzés]] [[ang:Frencisc sprǣc]] [[ar:لغة فرنسية]] [[ast:Francés]] [[be:Француская мова]] [[bg:Френски език]] [[bm:Faransikan]] [[bn:ফরাসি ভাষা]] [[br:Galleg]] [[bs:Francuski jezik]] [[ca:Francès]] [[cs:Francouzština]] [[cv:Франци чĕлхи]] [[cy:Ffrangeg]] [[da:Fransk]] [[de:Französische Sprache]] [[el:Γαλλική γλώσσα]] [[en:French language]] [[eo:Franca lingvo]] [[es:Idioma francés]] [[et:Prantsuse keel]] [[eu:Frantses]] [[fa:زبان فرانسوی]] [[fi:Ranskan kieli]] [[fr:Français]] [[frp:Francês]] [[fy:Frânsk]] [[ga:Fraincis]] [[gd:Fraingis]] [[gl:Lingua francesa]] [[he:צרפתית]] [[hi:फ़्रांसिसी भाषा]] [[hr:Francuski jezik]] [[ht:Lang franse]] [[hu:Francia nyelv]] [[hy:Ֆրանսերեն]] [[ia:Lingua francese]] [[id:Bahasa Perancis]] [[ilo:Pagsasao a Frances]] [[io:Franciana linguo]] [[is:Franska]] [[it:Lingua francese]] [[iu:ᐅᐃᕖᑎᑐᑦ]] [[ja:フランス語]] [[jbo:fasybau]] [[ka:ფრანგული ენა]] [[kg:Kifalanse]] [[ko:프랑스어]] [[ku:Zimanê fransî]] [[kw:Frynkek]] [[la:Lingua Francogallica]] [[lb:Franséisch]] [[li:Frans]] [[lt:Prancūzų kalba]] [[lv:Franču valoda]] [[mk:Француски јазик]] [[ms:Bahasa Perancis]] [[nds:Franzöösche Spraak]] [[nds-nl:Frans]] [[nl:Frans]] [[nn:Fransk språk]] [[no:Fransk språk]] [[nrm:Fraunceis]] [[oc:Lenga francesa]] [[os:Францусаг æвзаг]] [[pl:Język francuski]] [[pt:Língua francesa]] [[rm:Lingua franzosa]] [[ro:Limba franceză]] [[ru:Французский язык]] [[sc:Limba frantzesa]] [[scn:Lingua francisa]] [[sco:French leid]] [[se:Fránskkagiella]] [[sh:Francuski jezik]] [[simple:French language]] [[sk:Francúzština]] [[sl:Francoščina]] [[sq:Gjuha Frënge]] [[sr:Француски језик]] [[sv:Franska]] [[sw:Kifaransa]] [[ta:பிரெஞ்சு மொழி]] [[tg:Забони фаронсавӣ]] [[th:ภาษาฝรั่งเศส]] [[tl:Wikang Pranses]] [[tr:Fransızca]] [[ty:Reo farāni]] [[ug:فرانسۇز تىل]] [[uk:Французька мова]] [[vi:Tiếng Pháp]] [[wa:Francès]] [[zh:法语]] [[zh-min-nan:Hoat-gí]] [[zh-yue:法語]] 9962 2006-12-13T04:52:14Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: cr, cu, hsb, mg, qu, wuu Modifie: oc [[Image:Map-Francophone World.png|center|300px|description]] '''Lifalansé''' tǒ '''falansé''' ezalí [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Falansia]]. Elobamí o na eténi ya [[Bɛ́lɛjika]], [[Swisi]], [[Kébeki]] na [[Afríka]]. {{InterWiki|code=fr}} [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa]] [[Category:Nkotá ya mokili]] [[af:Franse taal]] [[als:Französische Sprache]] [[am:ፈረንሳይኛ]] [[an:Idioma franzés]] [[ang:Frencisc sprǣc]] [[ar:لغة فرنسية]] [[ast:Francés]] [[be:Француская мова]] [[bg:Френски език]] [[bm:Faransikan]] [[bn:ফরাসি ভাষা]] [[br:Galleg]] [[bs:Francuski jezik]] [[ca:Francès]] [[cr:ᐅᐱᔥᑎᑯᔮᐅᐊᔨᒧᐎᓐ]] [[cs:Francouzština]] [[cu:Франкїискъ ѩзыкъ]] [[cv:Франци чĕлхи]] [[cy:Ffrangeg]] [[da:Fransk]] [[de:Französische Sprache]] [[el:Γαλλική γλώσσα]] [[en:French language]] [[eo:Franca lingvo]] [[es:Idioma francés]] [[et:Prantsuse keel]] [[eu:Frantses]] [[fa:زبان فرانسوی]] [[fi:Ranskan kieli]] [[fr:Français]] [[frp:Francês]] [[fy:Frânsk]] [[ga:Fraincis]] [[gd:Fraingis]] [[gl:Lingua francesa]] [[he:צרפתית]] [[hi:फ़्रांसिसी भाषा]] [[hr:Francuski jezik]] [[hsb:Francošćina]] [[ht:Lang franse]] [[hu:Francia nyelv]] [[hy:Ֆրանսերեն]] [[ia:Lingua francese]] [[id:Bahasa Perancis]] [[ilo:Pagsasao a Frances]] [[io:Franciana linguo]] [[is:Franska]] [[it:Lingua francese]] [[iu:ᐅᐃᕖᑎᑐᑦ]] [[ja:フランス語]] [[jbo:fasybau]] [[ka:ფრანგული ენა]] [[kg:Kifalanse]] [[ko:프랑스어]] [[ku:Zimanê fransî]] [[kw:Frynkek]] [[la:Lingua Francogallica]] [[lb:Franséisch]] [[li:Frans]] [[lt:Prancūzų kalba]] [[lv:Franču valoda]] [[mg:Fiteny frantsay]] [[mk:Француски јазик]] [[ms:Bahasa Perancis]] [[nds:Franzöösche Spraak]] [[nds-nl:Frans]] [[nl:Frans]] [[nn:Fransk språk]] [[no:Fransk språk]] [[nrm:Fraunceis]] [[oc:Francés]] [[os:Францусаг æвзаг]] [[pl:Język francuski]] [[pt:Língua francesa]] [[qu:Fransiya simi]] [[rm:Lingua franzosa]] [[ro:Limba franceză]] [[ru:Французский язык]] [[sc:Limba frantzesa]] [[scn:Lingua francisa]] [[sco:French leid]] [[se:Fránskkagiella]] [[sh:Francuski jezik]] [[simple:French language]] [[sk:Francúzština]] [[sl:Francoščina]] [[sq:Gjuha Frënge]] [[sr:Француски језик]] [[sv:Franska]] [[sw:Kifaransa]] [[ta:பிரெஞ்சு மொழி]] [[tg:Забони фаронсавӣ]] [[th:ภาษาฝรั่งเศส]] [[tl:Wikang Pranses]] [[tr:Fransızca]] [[ty:Reo farāni]] [[ug:فرانسۇز تىل]] [[uk:Французька мова]] [[vi:Tiếng Pháp]] [[wa:Francès]] [[wuu:法文]] [[zh:法语]] [[zh-min-nan:Hoat-gí]] [[zh-yue:法語]] Tshiluba 1113 4679 2005-05-09T11:01:59Z Moyogo 11 Tshiluba moved to Ciluba #REDIRECT [[Ciluba]] Category:Nyama 1114 2665 2005-05-09T11:07:17Z Moyogo 11 banyama Banyama 4680 2005-05-12T05:23:54Z Moyogo 11 banyama is a régionalism Nyama 9827 2006-11-21T20:42:54Z Bombo 12 interwiki Nyama [[af:Kategorie:Diere]] [[an:Categoría:Animals]] [[ang:Category:Dēor]] [[ar:تصنيف:حيوانات]] [[ast:Categoría:Animales]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Жывёлы]] [[bg:Категория:Животни]] [[bm:Catégorie:Bagan]] [[ca:Categoria:Animals]] [[cs:Kategorie:Živočichové]] [[cy:Categori:Anifeiliaid]] [[da:Kategori:Dyr]] [[en:Category:Animals]] [[eo:Kategorio:Animaloj]] [[es:Categoría:Animales]] [[et:Kategooria:Loomad]] [[eu:Kategoria:Animaliak]] [[fi:Luokka:Eläimet]] [[fr:Catégorie:Animal]] [[he:קטגוריה:בעלי חיים]] [[hr:Kategorija:Životinje]] [[hu:Kategória:Állatok]] [[id:Kategori:Hewan]] [[io:Category:Animali]] [[is:Flokkur:Dýr]] [[it:Categoria:Animali]] [[ja:Category:動物]] [[ko:분류:동물]] [[lb:Category:Déiereräich]] [[li:Kategorie:Diere]] [[nah:Categoría:Yolkatl]] [[nds-nl:Categorie:Dier]] [[nl:Categorie:Dier]] [[no:Kategori:Dyr]] [[os:Категори:Цæрæгойтæ]] [[pdc:Category:Gediere]] [[pl:Kategoria:Zwierzęta]] [[pt:Categoria:Animais]] [[ru:Категория:Животные]] [[sq:Category:Kafshë]] [[sr:Категорија:Животиње]] [[sv:Kategori:Djur]] [[tr:Kategori:Hayvanlar]] [[uk:Категорія:Тварини]] [[vi:Thể loại:Giới Động vật]] [[zh:Category:动物]] Template:Ndámbo 1116 4682 2005-05-11T04:11:02Z Moyogo 11 recoper de en.wikipedia Template:Stub <div class="boilerplate metadata" id="stub" align=left><!--[[Image:Wiki_letter_w.png|48px| ]]--> ''Óyo ezali [[Wikipedia:Perfect stub article|ndámbo]]. Okoka [[Wikipedia:Find or fix a stub|kosálisa]] mpé [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} kobalusa].'' </div> [[Category:Ndámbo]] 5684 2005-07-25T02:10:53Z Themalau 22 <div class="boilerplate metadata" id="stub" align=left style="background:#ccccff"><!--[[Image:Wiki_letter_w.png|48px| ]]--> ''Óyo ezali [[Wikipedia:Perfect stub article|ndámbo]]. Okoka [[Wikipedia:Find or fix a stub|kosálisa]] mpé [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} kobalusa].'' </div> [[Category:Ndámbo]] 5685 2005-07-25T02:11:45Z Themalau 22 <div class="boilerplate metadata" id="stub" align=left style="background:#ccccff"><!--[[Image:Wiki_letter_w.png|48px| ]]--> ''Óyo ezali '''[[Wikipedia:Perfect stub article|ndámbo]]'''. Okoka '''[[Wikipedia:Find or fix a stub|kosálisa]]''' mpé '''[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} kobalusa]'''.'' </div> [[Category:Ndámbo]] 5905 2005-07-31T18:46:17Z Themalau 22 <br clear="all"> {| align=center class="expansion" style="background: #f7f8ff; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 4px; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 95%; width: auto;" | style="padding-right: 4px; padding-left: 4px;" | [[Kuva:Wiki_letter_w.png|30px|]] | ''Tämä artikkeli on [[Wikipedia:Tynkä|tynkä]]. Voit auttaa Wikipediaa <span class="plainlinks">[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} laajentamalla artikkelia]</span>.'' |} <div class="boilerplate metadata" id="stub" align=left style="background:#ccccff"><!--[[Image:Wiki_letter_w.png|48px| ]]--> ''Óyo ezali '''[[Wikipedia:Perfect stub article|ndámbo]]'''. Okoka '''[[Wikipedia:Find or fix a stub|kosálisa]]''' mpé '''[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} kobalusa]'''.'' </div> [[Category:Ndámbo]] 5906 2005-07-31T18:46:53Z Themalau 22 <br clear="all"> {| align=center class="expansion" style="background: #f7f8ff; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 4px; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 95%; width: auto;" | style="padding-right: 4px; padding-left: 4px;" | [[Image:Wiki_letter_w.png|30px|]] | ''Tämä artikkeli on [[Wikipedia:Tynkä|tynkä]]. Voit auttaa Wikipediaa <span class="plainlinks">[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} laajentamalla artikkelia]</span>.'' |} <div class="boilerplate metadata" id="stub" align=left style="background:#ccccff"><!--[[Image:Wiki_letter_w.png|48px| ]]--> ''Óyo ezali '''[[Wikipedia:Perfect stub article|ndámbo]]'''. Okoka '''[[Wikipedia:Find or fix a stub|kosálisa]]''' mpé '''[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} kobalusa]'''.'' </div> [[Category:Ndámbo]] 5907 2005-07-31T18:47:19Z Themalau 22 <br clear="all"> {| align=center class="expansion" style="background: #f7f8ff; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 4px; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 95%; width: auto;" | style="padding-right: 4px; padding-left: 4px;" | [[Image:Wiki_letter_w.png|30px|]] | ''Tämä artikkeli on [[Wikipedia:Tynkä|tynkä]]. Voit auttaa Wikipediaa <span class="plainlinks">[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} laajentamalla artikkelia]</span>.'' |} <div class="boilerplate metadata" id="stub" align=left style="background:#ccccff"><!--[[Image:Wiki_letter_w.png|48px|]]--> ''Óyo ezali '''[[Wikipedia:Perfect stub article|ndámbo]]'''. Okoka '''[[Wikipedia:Find or fix a stub|kosálisa]]''' mpé '''[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} kobalusa]'''.'' </div> [[Category:Ndámbo]] 5908 2005-07-31T18:49:26Z Themalau 22 <br clear="all"> {| align=center class="expansion" style="background: #f7f8ff; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 4px; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 95%; width: auto;" | style="padding-right: 4px; padding-left: 4px;" | [[Image:Wiki_letter_w.png|30px|]] | ''Tämä artikkeli on [[Wikipedia:Tynkä|tynkä]]. Voit auttaa Wikipediaa <span class="plainlinks">[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} laajentamalla artikkelia]</span>.'' |} <div class="boilerplate metadata" id="stub" align=center style="background:#ccccff" border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 4px; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 95%; width: auto;>[[Image:Wiki_letter_w.png|48px|]] ''Óyo ezali '''[[Wikipedia:Perfect stub article|ndámbo]]'''. Okoka '''[[Wikipedia:Find or fix a stub|kosálisa]]''' mpé '''[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} kobalusa]'''.'' </div> [[Category:Ndámbo]] 5909 2005-07-31T18:52:16Z Themalau 22 <br clear="all"> {| align=center class="expansion" style="background: #f7f8ff; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 4px; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 95%; width: auto;" | style="padding-right: 4px; padding-left: 4px;" | [[Image:Wiki_letter_w.png|30px|]] | ''Tämä artikkeli on [[Wikipedia:Tynkä|tynkä]]. Voit auttaa Wikipediaa <span class="plainlinks">[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} laajentamalla artikkelia]</span>.'' |} <div class="boilerplate metadata" id="stub" align=center style="background:#ccccff" border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 4px; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 95%; width: auto;> | style="padding-right: 4px; padding-left: 4px;" |[[Image:Wiki_letter_w.png|48px|]] ''Óyo ezali '''[[Wikipedia:Perfect stub article|ndámbo]]'''. Okoka '''[[Wikipedia:Find or fix a stub|kosálisa]]''' mpé '''[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} kobalusa]'''.'' </div> [[Category:Ndámbo]] 5910 2005-07-31T18:53:15Z Themalau 22 <br clear="all"> {| align=center class="expansion" style="background: #f7f8ff; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 4px; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 95%; width: auto;" | style="padding-right: 4px; padding-left: 4px;" | [[Image:Wiki_letter_w.png|30px|]] | ''Tämä artikkeli on [[Wikipedia:Tynkä|tynkä]]. Voit auttaa Wikipediaa <span class="plainlinks">[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} laajentamalla artikkelia]</span>.'' |} {<div class="boilerplate metadata" id="stub" align=center style="background:#ccccff" border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 4px; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 95%; width: auto;> | style="padding-right: 4px; padding-left: 4px;" |[[Image:Wiki_letter_w.png|48px|]] ''Óyo ezali '''[[Wikipedia:Perfect stub article|ndámbo]]'''. Okoka '''[[Wikipedia:Find or fix a stub|kosálisa]]''' mpé '''[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} kobalusa]'''.'' </div>} [[Category:Ndámbo]] 5911 2005-07-31T18:53:56Z Themalau 22 <br clear="all"> {| align=center class="expansion" style="background: #f7f8ff; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 4px; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 95%; width: auto;" | style="padding-right: 4px; padding-left: 4px;" | [[Image:Wiki_letter_w.png|30px|]] | ''Tämä artikkeli on [[Wikipedia:Tynkä|tynkä]]. Voit auttaa Wikipediaa <span class="plainlinks">[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} laajentamalla artikkelia]</span>.'' |} {| class="boilerplate metadata" id="stub" align=center style="background:#ccccff" border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 4px; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 95%; width: auto;> | style="padding-right: 4px; padding-left: 4px;" |[[Image:Wiki_letter_w.png|48px|]] ''Óyo ezali '''[[Wikipedia:Perfect stub article|ndámbo]]'''. Okoka '''[[Wikipedia:Find or fix a stub|kosálisa]]''' mpé '''[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} kobalusa]'''.'' |} [[Category:Ndámbo]] 5912 2005-07-31T18:55:01Z Themalau 22 <br clear="all"> {| align=center class="expansion" style="background: #f7f8ff; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 4px; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 95%; width: auto;" | style="padding-right: 4px; padding-left: 4px;" | [[Image:Wiki_letter_w.png|30px|]] | ''Tämä artikkeli on [[Wikipedia:Tynkä|tynkä]]. Voit auttaa Wikipediaa <span class="plainlinks">[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} laajentamalla artikkelia]</span>.'' |} {| class="expansion" id="stub" align=center style="background:#ccccff" border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 4px; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 95%; width: auto;> | style="padding-right: 4px; padding-left: 4px;" |[[Image:Wiki_letter_w.png|48px|]] ''Óyo ezali '''[[Wikipedia:Perfect stub article|ndámbo]]'''. Okoka '''[[Wikipedia:Find or fix a stub|kosálisa]]''' mpé '''[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} kobalusa]'''.'' |} [[Category:Ndámbo]] 5913 2005-07-31T18:56:34Z Themalau 22 <br clear="all"> {| class="expansion" id="stub" align=center style="background:#ccccff" border: 2px solid #aaa; padding: 4px; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 95%; width: auto;> | style="padding-right: 4px; padding-left: 4px;" |[[Image:Wiki_letter_w.png|48px|]] ''Óyo ezali '''[[Wikipedia:Perfect stub article|ndámbo]]'''. Okoka '''[[Wikipedia:Find or fix a stub|kosálisa]]''' mpé '''[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} kobalusa]'''.'' |} [[Category:Ndámbo]] 8236 2006-05-25T11:06:12Z Moyogo 11 <br clear="all"> {| class="expansion" id="stub" align=center style="background:#ccccff" border: 2px solid #aaa; padding: 4px; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 95%; width: auto;> | style="padding-right: 4px; padding-left: 4px;" |[[Image:Wiki_letter_w.png|48px|]] ''Óyo ezalí '''[[Wikipedia:Perfect stub article|ndámbo]]'''. Okoka '''[[Wikipedia:Find or fix a stub|kosálisa]]''' mpé '''[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} kobalusa]'''.'' |} [[Category:Ndámbo]] Template:Ndambo 1117 4683 2005-05-11T04:12:22Z Moyogo 11 redirect Ndámbo #REDIRECT [[Template:Ndámbo]] Mbumba 1120 4686 2005-05-11T04:35:16Z Moyogo 11 Mbumba moved to Mbuma #REDIRECT [[Mbuma]] Category:Mbuma 1121 4687 2005-05-11T04:36:36Z Moyogo 11 mbumba -> mbuma Liste des fruits Pour des articles pas encore eistants, voir aussi [[Mbumba]] 7317 2005-12-13T13:02:44Z 160.85.2.50 cat Liste des fruits Pour des articles pas encore eistants, voir aussi [[Mbumba]] [[catecory:Zardɛ]] 7318 2005-12-13T13:03:03Z 160.85.2.50 Liste des fruits Pour des articles pas encore eistants, voir aussi [[Mbumba]] [[category:Zardɛ]] 7481 2006-01-03T17:29:33Z Bombo 12 category:Kolona bilanga Liste des fruits Pour des articles pas encore eistants, voir aussi [[Mbumba]] [[category:Zardɛ]] [[category:Kolona bilanga]] 8039 2006-04-20T12:58:35Z Bombo 12 interwiki Liste des fruits Pour des articles pas encore eistants, voir aussi [[Mbumba]] [[category:Zardɛ]] [[category:Kolona bilanga]] [[ar:تصنيف:فاكهة]] [[bg:Категория:Плодове]] [[ca:Categoria:Fruites]] [[de:Kategorie:Obst]] [[en:Category:Fruit]] [[eo:Kategorio:Fruktoj]] [[es:Categoría:Frutas]] [[fi:Luokka:Hedelmät]] [[id:Kategori:Buah-buahan]] [[io:Category:Frukto]] [[is:Flokkur:Ávextir]] [[ja:Category:果物]] [[ko:분류:과일]] [[ln:Category:Mbuma]] [[nl:Categorie:Fruit]] [[no:Kategori:Frukt]] [[ru:Категория:Фрукты]] [[sk:Kategória:Ovocie]] [[sv:Kategori:Frukter]] [[th:Category:ผลไม้]] [[tr:Kategori:Meyve]] [[zh:Category:水果]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Chúi-kó]] 9426 2006-10-08T04:56:38Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: da, eu, fr, he, hr, nn, pl, pt, zh-yue Retire: ln Modifie: zh-min-nan Liste des fruits Pour des articles pas encore eistants, voir aussi [[Mbumba]] [[category:Zardɛ]] [[category:Kolona bilanga]] [[ar:تصنيف:فاكهة]] [[bg:Категория:Плодове]] [[ca:Categoria:Fruites]] [[da:Kategori:Frugter]] [[de:Kategorie:Obst]] [[en:Category:Fruit]] [[eo:Kategorio:Fruktoj]] [[es:Categoría:Frutas]] [[eu:Kategoria:Frutak]] [[fi:Luokka:Hedelmät]] [[fr:Catégorie:Fruit alimentaire]] [[he:קטגוריה:פירות]] [[hr:Kategorija:Voće]] [[id:Kategori:Buah-buahan]] [[io:Category:Frukto]] [[is:Flokkur:Ávextir]] [[ja:Category:果物]] [[ko:분류:과일]] [[nl:Categorie:Fruit]] [[nn:Kategori:Frukt]] [[no:Kategori:Frukt]] [[pl:Kategoria:Owoce]] [[pt:Categoria:Frutos]] [[ru:Категория:Фрукты]] [[sk:Kategória:Ovocie]] [[sv:Kategori:Frukter]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:ผลไม้]] [[tr:Kategori:Meyve]] [[zh:Category:水果]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Kóe-chí]] [[zh-yue:Category:生果]] 9521 2006-10-19T04:16:08Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[ro:Categorie:Fructe]] Liste des fruits Pour des articles pas encore eistants, voir aussi [[Mbumba]] [[category:Zardɛ]] [[category:Kolona bilanga]] [[ar:تصنيف:فاكهة]] [[bg:Категория:Плодове]] [[ca:Categoria:Fruites]] [[da:Kategori:Frugter]] [[de:Kategorie:Obst]] [[en:Category:Fruit]] [[eo:Kategorio:Fruktoj]] [[es:Categoría:Frutas]] [[eu:Kategoria:Frutak]] [[fi:Luokka:Hedelmät]] [[fr:Catégorie:Fruit alimentaire]] [[he:קטגוריה:פירות]] [[hr:Kategorija:Voće]] [[id:Kategori:Buah-buahan]] [[io:Category:Frukto]] [[is:Flokkur:Ávextir]] [[ja:Category:果物]] [[ko:분류:과일]] [[nl:Categorie:Fruit]] [[nn:Kategori:Frukt]] [[no:Kategori:Frukt]] [[pl:Kategoria:Owoce]] [[pt:Categoria:Frutos]] [[ro:Categorie:Fructe]] [[ru:Категория:Фрукты]] [[sk:Kategória:Ovocie]] [[sv:Kategori:Frukter]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:ผลไม้]] [[tr:Kategori:Meyve]] [[zh:Category:水果]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Kóe-chí]] [[zh-yue:Category:生果]] 9938 2006-12-10T09:40:07Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[ia:Categoria:Fructo]] Liste des fruits Pour des articles pas encore eistants, voir aussi [[Mbumba]] [[category:Zardɛ]] [[category:Kolona bilanga]] [[ar:تصنيف:فاكهة]] [[bg:Категория:Плодове]] [[ca:Categoria:Fruites]] [[da:Kategori:Frugter]] [[de:Kategorie:Obst]] [[en:Category:Fruit]] [[eo:Kategorio:Fruktoj]] [[es:Categoría:Frutas]] [[eu:Kategoria:Frutak]] [[fi:Luokka:Hedelmät]] [[fr:Catégorie:Fruit alimentaire]] [[he:קטגוריה:פירות]] [[hr:Kategorija:Voće]] [[ia:Categoria:Fructo]] [[id:Kategori:Buah-buahan]] [[io:Category:Frukto]] [[is:Flokkur:Ávextir]] [[ja:Category:果物]] [[ko:분류:과일]] [[nl:Categorie:Fruit]] [[nn:Kategori:Frukt]] [[no:Kategori:Frukt]] [[pl:Kategoria:Owoce]] [[pt:Categoria:Frutos]] [[ro:Categorie:Fructe]] [[ru:Категория:Фрукты]] [[sk:Kategória:Ovocie]] [[sv:Kategori:Frukter]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:ผลไม้]] [[tr:Kategori:Meyve]] [[zh:Category:水果]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Kóe-chí]] [[zh-yue:Category:生果]] 9959 2006-12-12T23:04:44Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[cy:Categori:Ffrwythau]], [[ka:კატეგორია:ხილი]] Liste des fruits Pour des articles pas encore eistants, voir aussi [[Mbumba]] [[category:Zardɛ]] [[category:Kolona bilanga]] [[ar:تصنيف:فاكهة]] [[bg:Категория:Плодове]] [[ca:Categoria:Fruites]] [[cy:Categori:Ffrwythau]] [[da:Kategori:Frugter]] [[de:Kategorie:Obst]] [[en:Category:Fruit]] [[eo:Kategorio:Fruktoj]] [[es:Categoría:Frutas]] [[eu:Kategoria:Frutak]] [[fi:Luokka:Hedelmät]] [[fr:Catégorie:Fruit alimentaire]] [[he:קטגוריה:פירות]] [[hr:Kategorija:Voće]] [[ia:Categoria:Fructo]] [[id:Kategori:Buah-buahan]] [[io:Category:Frukto]] [[is:Flokkur:Ávextir]] [[ja:Category:果物]] [[ka:კატეგორია:ხილი]] [[ko:분류:과일]] [[nl:Categorie:Fruit]] [[nn:Kategori:Frukt]] [[no:Kategori:Frukt]] [[pl:Kategoria:Owoce]] [[pt:Categoria:Frutos]] [[ro:Categorie:Fructe]] [[ru:Категория:Фрукты]] [[sk:Kategória:Ovocie]] [[sv:Kategori:Frukter]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:ผลไม้]] [[tr:Kategori:Meyve]] [[zh:Category:水果]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Kóe-chí]] [[zh-yue:Category:生果]] 10006 2006-12-19T16:40:24Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[lv:Kategorija:Augļi]], [[vi:Thể loại:Trái cây]] Liste des fruits Pour des articles pas encore eistants, voir aussi [[Mbumba]] [[category:Zardɛ]] [[category:Kolona bilanga]] [[ar:تصنيف:فاكهة]] [[bg:Категория:Плодове]] [[ca:Categoria:Fruites]] [[cy:Categori:Ffrwythau]] [[da:Kategori:Frugter]] [[de:Kategorie:Obst]] [[en:Category:Fruit]] [[eo:Kategorio:Fruktoj]] [[es:Categoría:Frutas]] [[eu:Kategoria:Frutak]] [[fi:Luokka:Hedelmät]] [[fr:Catégorie:Fruit alimentaire]] [[he:קטגוריה:פירות]] [[hr:Kategorija:Voće]] [[ia:Categoria:Fructo]] [[id:Kategori:Buah-buahan]] [[io:Category:Frukto]] [[is:Flokkur:Ávextir]] [[ja:Category:果物]] [[ka:კატეგორია:ხილი]] [[ko:분류:과일]] [[lv:Kategorija:Augļi]] [[nl:Categorie:Fruit]] [[nn:Kategori:Frukt]] [[no:Kategori:Frukt]] [[pl:Kategoria:Owoce]] [[pt:Categoria:Frutos]] [[ro:Categorie:Fructe]] [[ru:Категория:Фрукты]] [[sk:Kategória:Ovocie]] [[sv:Kategori:Frukter]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:ผลไม้]] [[tr:Kategori:Meyve]] [[vi:Thể loại:Trái cây]] [[zh:Category:水果]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Kóe-chí]] [[zh-yue:Category:生果]] Wikipedia:Kotambola ya liboso 1122 4688 2005-05-28T00:35:43Z Moyogo 11 Wikipedia:Kotambola ya liboso moved to Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libóso #REDIRECT [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libóso]] 8697 2006-07-01T20:02:07Z Bombo 12 double redirect #REDIRECT [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó]] Talk:Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé ya mokili 1123 2689 2005-05-31T17:17:50Z Moyogo 11 {{Ndámbo}} [[als:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]][[bg:Списък на страните]] [[w:fr:Liste des pays du monde]] [[ca:Estat]] [[cy:Rhestr gwledydd y byd]] [[da:Verdens lande]] [[de:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]] [[el:Λίστα των Χωρών]] [[en:List of sovereign states]] [[eo:Landoj]] [[es:Países del mundo]] [[hi:देशों की सूची]] [[it:Paesi del Mondo]] [[ja:国の一覧]] [[ka:მსოფლიოს ქვეყნები]] [[la:Nationes Mundi]] [[lt:Šalių sąrašas]] [[mg:Lisitry ny firenena]] [[nl:Landen van de wereld]] [[pl:Państwa świata]] [[pt:Países]] [[ru:Алфавитный список стран]] [[sl:Države sveta]] [[sr:Списак држава]] [[sv:Alfabetisk lista över världens länder]] [[uk:Список країн]] [[vi:Danh sách các nước trên thế giới]] [[yi:רשימה פֿון לענדער פֿון װעלט]] [[zh:世界地理索引]] 4689 2005-05-31T17:19:36Z Moyogo 11 ref Ref: Bagó́ ya lingála mambí ma lokóta - Dictionnaire lingala - Kawata Ashem Tem, Karthala, 2004 ISBN 2-84586-494-9 Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé ya mokili 1124 2690 2005-05-31T17:18:13Z Moyogo 11 {{Ndámbo}} [[als:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]][[bg:Списък на страните]] [[w:fr:Liste des pays du monde]] [[ca:Estat]] [[cy:Rhestr gwledydd y byd]] [[da:Verdens lande]] [[de:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]] [[el:Λίστα των Χωρών]] [[en:List of sovereign states]] [[eo:Landoj]] [[es:Países del mundo]] [[hi:देशों की सूची]] [[it:Paesi del Mondo]] [[ja:国の一覧]] [[ka:მსოფლიოს ქვეყნები]] [[la:Nationes Mundi]] [[lt:Šalių sąrašas]] [[mg:Lisitry ny firenena]] [[nl:Landen van de wereld]] [[pl:Państwa świata]] [[pt:Países]] [[ru:Алфавитный список стран]] [[sl:Države sveta]] [[sr:Списак држава]] [[sv:Alfabetisk lista över världens länder]] [[uk:Список країн]] [[vi:Danh sách các nước trên thế giới]] [[yi:רשימה פֿון לענדער פֿון װעלט]] [[zh:世界地理索引]] 2701 2005-05-31T17:55:53Z Moyogo 11 +bise isúsu {{Ndámbo}} === A === [[Aljeria]] - [[Alémani]] - [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] (Maroc) - [[Libîya]] - [[Angóla]] === B === [[Bê Afríka]] (Santrafríka) - [[Bɛ́ljika]] - [[Bénin]] - [[Botswana]] - [[Burkina Faso]] - [[Burundi]] === C === [[Côte d'Ivoire]] === D === [[Djibouti]] === F === [[Falansia]] === G === [[Gabon]] - [[Gambia]] - [[Ghana]] - [[Gine]] - [[Gine-Bisau]] - [[Gine-Ekwatorial]] (Mambénga) === H === [[Holanda]] === I === [[India]] - [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] === K === [[Kamerun]] - [[Kenya]] - [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] (Congo-Brazzaville) - [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] === L === [[Liberia]] - [[Luksamburg]] === M === [[Malawi]] - [[Mali]] - [[Moritani]] (Mauritanie) - [[Mozambiki]] === N === [[Namibia]] - [[Niger]] - [[Nijeria]] === P === [[Purtugal]] === R === [[Rwanda]] === S === [[San Salvador (esé)|San Salvador]] - [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] - [[Sénégal]] - [[Seychelles]] - [[Sierra Leone]] - [[Somalie]] - [[Swaziland]] === T === [[Tchad]] - [[Togo]] - [[Tunisia]] === U === [[Uganda]] === Z === [[Zambia]] - [[Zimbabwe]] [[als:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]][[bg:Списък на страните]] [[fr:Liste des pays du monde]] [[ca:Estat]] [[cy:Rhestr gwledydd y byd]] [[da:Verdens lande]] [[de:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]] [[el:Λίστα των Χωρών]] [[en:List of sovereign states]] [[eo:Landoj]] [[es:Países del mundo]] [[hi:देशों की सूची]] [[it:Paesi del Mondo]] [[ja:国の一覧]] [[ka:მსოფლიოს ქვეყნები]] [[la:Nationes Mundi]] [[lt:Šalių sąrašas]] [[mg:Lisitry ny firenena]] [[nl:Landen van de wereld]] [[pl:Państwa świata]] [[pt:Países]] [[ru:Алфавитный список стран]] [[sl:Države sveta]] [[sr:Списак држава]] [[sv:Alfabetisk lista över världens länder]] [[uk:Список країн]] [[vi:Danh sách các nước trên thế giới]] [[yi:רשימה פֿון לענדער פֿון װעלט]] [[zh:世界地理索引]] 4690 2005-05-31T20:42:03Z Moyogo 11 /* B */ {{Ndámbo}} === A === [[Aljeria]] - [[Alémani]] - [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] (Maroc) - [[Libîya]] - [[Angóla]] === B === [[Bê Afríka]] (Santrafríka) - [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] - [[Bénin]] - [[Botswana]] - [[Burkina Faso]] - [[Burundi]] === C === [[Côte d'Ivoire]] === D === [[Djibouti]] === F === [[Falansia]] === G === [[Gabon]] - [[Gambia]] - [[Ghana]] - [[Gine]] - [[Gine-Bisau]] - [[Gine-Ekwatorial]] (Mambénga) === H === [[Holanda]] === I === [[India]] - [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] === K === [[Kamerun]] - [[Kenya]] - [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] (Congo-Brazzaville) - [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] === L === [[Liberia]] - [[Luksamburg]] === M === [[Malawi]] - [[Mali]] - [[Moritani]] (Mauritanie) - [[Mozambiki]] === N === [[Namibia]] - [[Niger]] - [[Nijeria]] === P === [[Purtugal]] === R === [[Rwanda]] === S === [[San Salvador (esé)|San Salvador]] - [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] - [[Sénégal]] - [[Seychelles]] - [[Sierra Leone]] - [[Somalie]] - [[Swaziland]] === T === [[Tchad]] - [[Togo]] - [[Tunisia]] === U === [[Uganda]] === Z === [[Zambia]] - [[Zimbabwe]] [[als:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]][[bg:Списък на страните]] [[fr:Liste des pays du monde]] [[ca:Estat]] [[cy:Rhestr gwledydd y byd]] [[da:Verdens lande]] [[de:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]] [[el:Λίστα των Χωρών]] [[en:List of sovereign states]] [[eo:Landoj]] [[es:Países del mundo]] [[hi:देशों की सूची]] [[it:Paesi del Mondo]] [[ja:国の一覧]] [[ka:მსოფლიოს ქვეყნები]] [[la:Nationes Mundi]] [[lt:Šalių sąrašas]] [[mg:Lisitry ny firenena]] [[nl:Landen van de wereld]] [[pl:Państwa świata]] [[pt:Países]] [[ru:Алфавитный список стран]] [[sl:Države sveta]] [[sr:Списак држава]] [[sv:Alfabetisk lista över världens länder]] [[uk:Список країн]] [[vi:Danh sách các nước trên thế giới]] [[yi:רשימה פֿון לענדער פֿון װעלט]] [[zh:世界地理索引]] 5349 2005-07-18T00:52:22Z Themalau 22 {{Ndámbo}} [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bikolo ya mokili]] === A === [[Aljeria]] - [[Alémani]] - [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] (Maroc) - [[Libîya]] - [[Angóla]] === B === [[Bê Afríka]] (Santrafríka) - [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] - [[Bénin]] - [[Botswana]] - [[Burkina Faso]] - [[Burundi]] === C === [[Côte d'Ivoire]] === D === [[Djibouti]] === F === [[Falansia]] === G === [[Gabon]] - [[Gambia]] - [[Ghana]] - [[Gine]] - [[Gine-Bisau]] - [[Gine-Ekwatorial]] (Mambénga) === H === [[Holanda]] === I === [[India]] - [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] === K === [[Kamerun]] - [[Kenya]] - [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] (Congo-Brazzaville) - [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] === L === [[Liberia]] - [[Luksamburg]] === M === [[Malawi]] - [[Mali]] - [[Moritani]] (Mauritanie) - [[Mozambiki]] === N === [[Namibia]] - [[Niger]] - [[Nijeria]] === P === [[Purtugal]] === R === [[Rwanda]] === S === [[San Salvador (esé)|San Salvador]] - [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] - [[Sénégal]] - [[Seychelles]] - [[Sierra Leone]] - [[Somalie]] - [[Swaziland]] === T === [[Tchad]] - [[Togo]] - [[Tunisia]] === U === [[Uganda]] === Z === [[Zambia]] - [[Zimbabwe]] [[als:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]][[bg:Списък на страните]] [[fr:Liste des pays du monde]] [[ca:Estat]] [[cy:Rhestr gwledydd y byd]] [[da:Verdens lande]] [[de:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]] [[el:Λίστα των Χωρών]] [[en:List of sovereign states]] [[eo:Landoj]] [[es:Países del mundo]] [[hi:देशों की सूची]] [[it:Paesi del Mondo]] [[ja:国の一覧]] [[ka:მსოფლიოს ქვეყნები]] [[la:Nationes Mundi]] [[lt:Šalių sąrašas]] [[mg:Lisitry ny firenena]] [[nl:Landen van de wereld]] [[pl:Państwa świata]] [[pt:Países]] [[ru:Алфавитный список стран]] [[sl:Države sveta]] [[sr:Списак држава]] [[sv:Alfabetisk lista över världens länder]] [[uk:Список країн]] [[vi:Danh sách các nước trên thế giới]] [[yi:רשימה פֿון לענדער פֿון װעלט]] [[zh:世界地理索引]] 5351 2005-07-18T01:01:57Z Themalau 22 {{Ndámbo}} === A === [[Aljeria]] - [[Alémani]] - [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] (Maroc) - [[Libîya]] - [[Angóla]] === B === [[Bê Afríka]] ([[Santrafríka]) - [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] - [[Bénin]] - [[Botswana]] - [[Burkina Faso]] - [[Burundi]] === D === [[Djibuti]] === F === [[Falansia]] === G === [[Gabon]] - [[Gambia]] - [[Ghana]] - [[Gine]] - [[Gine-Bisau]] - [[Gine-Ekwatorial]] (Mambénga) === H === [[Holanda]] (Bikolo ya Se) === I === [[India]] - [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] === K === [[Kamerun]] - [[Kenya]] - [[Komori]] - [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] - [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] - [[Kotdivuar]] (Cote d'ivoire) === L === [[Liberia]] - [[Luksambur]] === M === [[Malawi]] - [[Mali]] - [[Moritani]] - [[Mozambiki]] === N === [[Namibia]] - [[Niger]] - [[Nijeria]] === P === [[Pulutugal]] === R === [[Rwanda]] === S === [[San Salvador (esé)|San Salvador]] - [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] - [[Sénégal]] - [[Seyshel]] - [[Sierra Leone]] - [[Somalie]] - [[Swaziland]] === T === [[Tshad]] - [[Togo]] - [[Tunisia]] === U === [[Uganda]] === Z === [[Zambia]] - [[Zimbabwe]] [[als:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]][[bg:Списък на страните]] [[fr:Liste des pays du monde]] [[ca:Estat]] [[cy:Rhestr gwledydd y byd]] [[da:Verdens lande]] [[de:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]] [[el:Λίστα των Χωρών]] [[en:List of sovereign states]] [[eo:Landoj]] [[es:Países del mundo]] [[hi:देशों की सूची]] [[it:Paesi del Mondo]] [[ja:国の一覧]] [[ka:მსოფლიოს ქვეყნები]] [[la:Nationes Mundi]] [[lt:Šalių sąrašas]] [[mg:Lisitry ny firenena]] [[nl:Landen van de wereld]] [[pl:Państwa świata]] [[pt:Países]] [[ru:Алфавитный список стран]] [[sl:Države sveta]] [[sr:Списак држава]] [[sv:Alfabetisk lista över världens länder]] [[uk:Список країн]] [[vi:Danh sách các nước trên thế giới]] [[yi:רשימה פֿון לענדער פֿון װעלט]] [[zh:世界地理索引]] 5356 2005-07-18T01:15:13Z Themalau 22 /* B */ {{Ndámbo}} === A === [[Aljeria]] - [[Alémani]] - [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] (Maroc) - [[Libîya]] - [[Angóla]] === B === [[Bê Afríka]] ([[Santrafríka]]) - [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] - [[Bénin]] - [[Botswana]] - [[Burkina Faso]] - [[Burundi]] === D === [[Djibuti]] === F === [[Falansia]] === G === [[Gabon]] - [[Gambia]] - [[Ghana]] - [[Gine]] - [[Gine-Bisau]] - [[Gine-Ekwatorial]] (Mambénga) === H === [[Holanda]] (Bikolo ya Se) === I === [[India]] - [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] === K === [[Kamerun]] - [[Kenya]] - [[Komori]] - [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] - [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] - [[Kotdivuar]] (Cote d'ivoire) === L === [[Liberia]] - [[Luksambur]] === M === [[Malawi]] - [[Mali]] - [[Moritani]] - [[Mozambiki]] === N === [[Namibia]] - [[Niger]] - [[Nijeria]] === P === [[Pulutugal]] === R === [[Rwanda]] === S === [[San Salvador (esé)|San Salvador]] - [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] - [[Sénégal]] - [[Seyshel]] - [[Sierra Leone]] - [[Somalie]] - [[Swaziland]] === T === [[Tshad]] - [[Togo]] - [[Tunisia]] === U === [[Uganda]] === Z === [[Zambia]] - [[Zimbabwe]] [[als:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]][[bg:Списък на страните]] [[fr:Liste des pays du monde]] [[ca:Estat]] [[cy:Rhestr gwledydd y byd]] [[da:Verdens lande]] [[de:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]] [[el:Λίστα των Χωρών]] [[en:List of sovereign states]] [[eo:Landoj]] [[es:Países del mundo]] [[hi:देशों की सूची]] [[it:Paesi del Mondo]] [[ja:国の一覧]] [[ka:მსოფლიოს ქვეყნები]] [[la:Nationes Mundi]] [[lt:Šalių sąrašas]] [[mg:Lisitry ny firenena]] [[nl:Landen van de wereld]] [[pl:Państwa świata]] [[pt:Países]] [[ru:Алфавитный список стран]] [[sl:Države sveta]] [[sr:Списак држава]] [[sv:Alfabetisk lista över världens länder]] [[uk:Список країн]] [[vi:Danh sách các nước trên thế giới]] [[yi:רשימה פֿון לענדער פֿון װעלט]] [[zh:世界地理索引]] 5358 2005-07-18T01:18:53Z Themalau 22 /* K */ {{Ndámbo}} === A === [[Aljeria]] - [[Alémani]] - [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] (Maroc) - [[Libîya]] - [[Angóla]] === B === [[Bê Afríka]] ([[Santrafríka]]) - [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] - [[Bénin]] - [[Botswana]] - [[Burkina Faso]] - [[Burundi]] === D === [[Djibuti]] === F === [[Falansia]] === G === [[Gabon]] - [[Gambia]] - [[Ghana]] - [[Gine]] - [[Gine-Bisau]] - [[Gine-Ekwatorial]] (Mambénga) === H === [[Holanda]] (Bikolo ya Se) === I === [[India]] - [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] === K === [[Kamerun]] - [[Kanada]] - [[Kenya]] - [[Komori]] - [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] - [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] - [[Kotdivuar]] (Cote d'ivoire) === L === [[Liberia]] - [[Luksambur]] === M === [[Malawi]] - [[Mali]] - [[Moritani]] - [[Mozambiki]] === N === [[Namibia]] - [[Niger]] - [[Nijeria]] === P === [[Pulutugal]] === R === [[Rwanda]] === S === [[San Salvador (esé)|San Salvador]] - [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] - [[Sénégal]] - [[Seyshel]] - [[Sierra Leone]] - [[Somalie]] - [[Swaziland]] === T === [[Tshad]] - [[Togo]] - [[Tunisia]] === U === [[Uganda]] === Z === [[Zambia]] - [[Zimbabwe]] [[als:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]][[bg:Списък на страните]] [[fr:Liste des pays du monde]] [[ca:Estat]] [[cy:Rhestr gwledydd y byd]] [[da:Verdens lande]] [[de:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]] [[el:Λίστα των Χωρών]] [[en:List of sovereign states]] [[eo:Landoj]] [[es:Países del mundo]] [[hi:देशों की सूची]] [[it:Paesi del Mondo]] [[ja:国の一覧]] [[ka:მსოფლიოს ქვეყნები]] [[la:Nationes Mundi]] [[lt:Šalių sąrašas]] [[mg:Lisitry ny firenena]] [[nl:Landen van de wereld]] [[pl:Państwa świata]] [[pt:Países]] [[ru:Алфавитный список стран]] [[sl:Države sveta]] [[sr:Списак држава]] [[sv:Alfabetisk lista över världens länder]] [[uk:Список країн]] [[vi:Danh sách các nước trên thế giới]] [[yi:רשימה פֿון לענדער פֿון װעלט]] [[zh:世界地理索引]] 5359 2005-07-18T01:22:54Z Themalau 22 {{Ndámbo}} === A === [[Aljeria]] - [[Alémani]] - [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] (Maroc) - [[Libîya]] - [[Angóla]] === B === [[Bê Afríka]] ([[Santrafríka]]) - [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] - [[Bénin]] - [[Botswana]] - [[Burkina Faso]] - [[Burundi]] === D === [[Djibuti]] === E === [[Ejipti]] - [[Ekwateli]] - [[Elitré]] - [[Etiopi]] === F === [[Falansia]] === G === [[Gabon]] - [[Gambia]] - [[Ghana]] - [[Gine]] - [[Gine-Bisau]] - [[Gine-Ekwatorial]] (Mambénga) === H === [[Holanda]] (Bikolo ya Se) === I === [[India]] - [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] === K === [[Kamerun]] - [[Kanada]] - [[Kenya]] - [[Komori]] - [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] - [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] - [[Kotdivuar]] (Cote d'ivoire) === L === [[Liberia]] - [[Luksambur]] === M === [[Malawi]] - [[Mali]] - [[Moritani]] - [[Mozambiki]] === N === [[Namibia]] - [[Niger]] - [[Nijeria]] === P === [[Pulutugal]] === R === [[Rwanda]] === S === [[San Salvador (esé)|San Salvador]] - [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] - [[Sénégal]] - [[Seyshel]] - [[Sierra Leone]] - [[Somalie]] - [[Swaziland]] === T === [[Tshad]] - [[Togo]] - [[Tunisia]] === U === [[Uganda]] === Z === [[Zambia]] - [[Zimbabwe]] [[als:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]][[bg:Списък на страните]] [[fr:Liste des pays du monde]] [[ca:Estat]] [[cy:Rhestr gwledydd y byd]] [[da:Verdens lande]] [[de:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]] [[el:Λίστα των Χωρών]] [[en:List of sovereign states]] [[eo:Landoj]] [[es:Países del mundo]] [[hi:देशों की सूची]] [[it:Paesi del Mondo]] [[ja:国の一覧]] [[ka:მსოფლიოს ქვეყნები]] [[la:Nationes Mundi]] [[lt:Šalių sąrašas]] [[mg:Lisitry ny firenena]] [[nl:Landen van de wereld]] [[pl:Państwa świata]] [[pt:Países]] [[ru:Алфавитный список стран]] [[sl:Države sveta]] [[sr:Списак држава]] [[sv:Alfabetisk lista över världens länder]] [[uk:Список країн]] [[vi:Danh sách các nước trên thế giới]] [[yi:רשימה פֿון לענדער פֿון װעלט]] [[zh:世界地理索引]] 5361 2005-07-18T01:24:49Z Themalau 22 /* S */ {{Ndámbo}} === A === [[Aljeria]] - [[Alémani]] - [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] (Maroc) - [[Libîya]] - [[Angóla]] === B === [[Bê Afríka]] ([[Santrafríka]]) - [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] - [[Bénin]] - [[Botswana]] - [[Burkina Faso]] - [[Burundi]] === D === [[Djibuti]] === E === [[Ejipti]] - [[Ekwateli]] - [[Elitré]] - [[Etiopi]] === F === [[Falansia]] === G === [[Gabon]] - [[Gambia]] - [[Ghana]] - [[Gine]] - [[Gine-Bisau]] - [[Gine-Ekwatorial]] (Mambénga) === H === [[Holanda]] (Bikolo ya Se) === I === [[India]] - [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] === K === [[Kamerun]] - [[Kanada]] - [[Kenya]] - [[Komori]] - [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] - [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] - [[Kotdivuar]] (Cote d'ivoire) === L === [[Liberia]] - [[Luksambur]] === M === [[Malawi]] - [[Mali]] - [[Moritani]] - [[Mozambiki]] === N === [[Namibia]] - [[Niger]] - [[Nijeria]] === P === [[Pulutugal]] === R === [[Rwanda]] === S === [[San Salvador (esé)|San Salvador]] - [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] - [[Sénégal]] - [[Seyshel]] - [[Sidafrika]] - [[Sierra Leone]] - [[Somalie]] - [[Swaziland]] === T === [[Tshad]] - [[Togo]] - [[Tunisia]] === U === [[Uganda]] === Z === [[Zambia]] - [[Zimbabwe]] [[als:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]][[bg:Списък на страните]] [[fr:Liste des pays du monde]] [[ca:Estat]] [[cy:Rhestr gwledydd y byd]] [[da:Verdens lande]] [[de:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]] [[el:Λίστα των Χωρών]] [[en:List of sovereign states]] [[eo:Landoj]] [[es:Países del mundo]] [[hi:देशों की सूची]] [[it:Paesi del Mondo]] [[ja:国の一覧]] [[ka:მსოფლიოს ქვეყნები]] [[la:Nationes Mundi]] [[lt:Šalių sąrašas]] [[mg:Lisitry ny firenena]] [[nl:Landen van de wereld]] [[pl:Państwa świata]] [[pt:Países]] [[ru:Алфавитный список стран]] [[sl:Države sveta]] [[sr:Списак држава]] [[sv:Alfabetisk lista över världens länder]] [[uk:Список країн]] [[vi:Danh sách các nước trên thế giới]] [[yi:רשימה פֿון לענדער פֿון װעלט]] [[zh:世界地理索引]] 5400 2005-07-18T09:49:18Z Themalau 22 /* S */ {{Ndámbo}} === A === [[Aljeria]] - [[Alémani]] - [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] (Maroc) - [[Libîya]] - [[Angóla]] === B === [[Bê Afríka]] ([[Santrafríka]]) - [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] - [[Bénin]] - [[Botswana]] - [[Burkina Faso]] - [[Burundi]] === D === [[Djibuti]] === E === [[Ejipti]] - [[Ekwateli]] - [[Elitré]] - [[Etiopi]] === F === [[Falansia]] === G === [[Gabon]] - [[Gambia]] - [[Ghana]] - [[Gine]] - [[Gine-Bisau]] - [[Gine-Ekwatorial]] (Mambénga) === H === [[Holanda]] (Bikolo ya Se) === I === [[India]] - [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] === K === [[Kamerun]] - [[Kanada]] - [[Kenya]] - [[Komori]] - [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] - [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] - [[Kotdivuar]] (Cote d'ivoire) === L === [[Liberia]] - [[Luksambur]] === M === [[Malawi]] - [[Mali]] - [[Moritani]] - [[Mozambiki]] === N === [[Namibia]] - [[Niger]] - [[Nijeria]] === P === [[Pulutugal]] === R === [[Rwanda]] === S === [[San Salvador (esé)|San Salvador]] - [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] - [[Sénégal]] - [[Seyshel]] - [[Sidafrika]] - [[Sierra Leone]] - [[Somalie]] - [[Swaziland]] - [[Swisi]] === T === [[Tshad]] - [[Togo]] - [[Tunisia]] === U === [[Uganda]] === Z === [[Zambia]] - [[Zimbabwe]] [[als:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]][[bg:Списък на страните]] [[fr:Liste des pays du monde]] [[ca:Estat]] [[cy:Rhestr gwledydd y byd]] [[da:Verdens lande]] [[de:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]] [[el:Λίστα των Χωρών]] [[en:List of sovereign states]] [[eo:Landoj]] [[es:Países del mundo]] [[hi:देशों की सूची]] [[it:Paesi del Mondo]] [[ja:国の一覧]] [[ka:მსოფლიოს ქვეყნები]] [[la:Nationes Mundi]] [[lt:Šalių sąrašas]] [[mg:Lisitry ny firenena]] [[nl:Landen van de wereld]] [[pl:Państwa świata]] [[pt:Países]] [[ru:Алфавитный список стран]] [[sl:Države sveta]] [[sr:Списак држава]] [[sv:Alfabetisk lista över världens länder]] [[uk:Список країн]] [[vi:Danh sách các nước trên thế giới]] [[yi:רשימה פֿון לענדער פֿון װעלט]] [[zh:世界地理索引]] 5583 2005-07-24T11:29:45Z Themalau 22 /* H */ {{Ndámbo}} === A === [[Aljeria]] - [[Alémani]] - [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] (Maroc) - [[Libîya]] - [[Angóla]] === B === [[Bê Afríka]] ([[Santrafríka]]) - [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] - [[Bénin]] - [[Botswana]] - [[Burkina Faso]] - [[Burundi]] === D === [[Djibuti]] === E === [[Ejipti]] - [[Ekwateli]] - [[Elitré]] - [[Etiopi]] === F === [[Falansia]] === G === [[Gabon]] - [[Gambia]] - [[Ghana]] - [[Gine]] - [[Gine-Bisau]] - [[Gine-Ekwatorial]] (Mambénga) === H === [[Holanda]] (Bikolo ya Sé) === I === [[India]] - [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] === K === [[Kamerun]] - [[Kanada]] - [[Kenya]] - [[Komori]] - [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] - [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] - [[Kotdivuar]] (Cote d'ivoire) === L === [[Liberia]] - [[Luksambur]] === M === [[Malawi]] - [[Mali]] - [[Moritani]] - [[Mozambiki]] === N === [[Namibia]] - [[Niger]] - [[Nijeria]] === P === [[Pulutugal]] === R === [[Rwanda]] === S === [[San Salvador (esé)|San Salvador]] - [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] - [[Sénégal]] - [[Seyshel]] - [[Sidafrika]] - [[Sierra Leone]] - [[Somalie]] - [[Swaziland]] - [[Swisi]] === T === [[Tshad]] - [[Togo]] - [[Tunisia]] === U === [[Uganda]] === Z === [[Zambia]] - [[Zimbabwe]] [[als:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]][[bg:Списък на страните]] [[fr:Liste des pays du monde]] [[ca:Estat]] [[cy:Rhestr gwledydd y byd]] [[da:Verdens lande]] [[de:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]] [[el:Λίστα των Χωρών]] [[en:List of sovereign states]] [[eo:Landoj]] [[es:Países del mundo]] [[hi:देशों की सूची]] [[it:Paesi del Mondo]] [[ja:国の一覧]] [[ka:მსოფლიოს ქვეყნები]] [[la:Nationes Mundi]] [[lt:Šalių sąrašas]] [[mg:Lisitry ny firenena]] [[nl:Landen van de wereld]] [[pl:Państwa świata]] [[pt:Países]] [[ru:Алфавитный список стран]] [[sl:Države sveta]] [[sr:Списак држава]] [[sv:Alfabetisk lista över världens länder]] [[uk:Список країн]] [[vi:Danh sách các nước trên thế giới]] [[yi:רשימה פֿון לענדער פֿון װעלט]] [[zh:世界地理索引]] 5662 2005-07-25T01:08:33Z Themalau 22 {{Ndámbo}} [[category:Bisé]] === A === [[Aljeria]] - [[Alémani]] - [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] (Maroc) - [[Libîya]] - [[Angóla]] === B === [[Bê Afríka]] ([[Santrafríka]]) - [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] - [[Bénin]] - [[Botswana]] - [[Burkina Faso]] - [[Burundi]] === D === [[Djibuti]] === E === [[Ejipti]] - [[Ekwateli]] - [[Elitré]] - [[Etiopi]] === F === [[Falansia]] === G === [[Gabon]] - [[Gambia]] - [[Ghana]] - [[Gine]] - [[Gine-Bisau]] - [[Gine-Ekwatorial]] (Mambénga) === H === [[Holanda]] (Bikolo ya Sé) === I === [[India]] - [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] === K === [[Kamerun]] - [[Kanada]] - [[Kenya]] - [[Komori]] - [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] - [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] - [[Kotdivuar]] (Cote d'ivoire) === L === [[Liberia]] - [[Luksambur]] === M === [[Malawi]] - [[Mali]] - [[Moritani]] - [[Mozambiki]] === N === [[Namibia]] - [[Niger]] - [[Nijeria]] === P === [[Pulutugal]] === R === [[Rwanda]] === S === [[San Salvador (esé)|San Salvador]] - [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] - [[Sénégal]] - [[Seyshel]] - [[Sidafrika]] - [[Sierra Leone]] - [[Somalie]] - [[Swaziland]] - [[Swisi]] === T === [[Tshad]] - [[Togo]] - [[Tunisia]] === U === [[Uganda]] === Z === [[Zambia]] - [[Zimbabwe]] [[als:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]][[bg:Списък на страните]] [[fr:Liste des pays du monde]] [[ca:Estat]] [[cy:Rhestr gwledydd y byd]] [[da:Verdens lande]] [[de:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]] [[el:Λίστα των Χωρών]] [[en:List of sovereign states]] [[eo:Landoj]] [[es:Países del mundo]] [[hi:देशों की सूची]] [[it:Paesi del Mondo]] [[ja:国の一覧]] [[ka:მსოფლიოს ქვეყნები]] [[la:Nationes Mundi]] [[lt:Šalių sąrašas]] [[mg:Lisitry ny firenena]] [[nl:Landen van de wereld]] [[pl:Państwa świata]] [[pt:Países]] [[ru:Алфавитный список стран]] [[sl:Države sveta]] [[sr:Списак држава]] [[sv:Alfabetisk lista över världens länder]] [[uk:Список країн]] [[vi:Danh sách các nước trên thế giới]] [[yi:רשימה פֿון לענדער פֿון װעלט]] [[zh:世界地理索引]] 5663 2005-07-25T01:12:51Z Themalau 22 /* A */ {{Ndámbo}} [[category:Bisé]] === A === [[Afganistani]] - [[Aljeria]] - [[Alémani]] - [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] (Maroc) - [[Angóla]] === B === [[Bê Afríka]] ([[Santrafríka]]) - [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] - [[Bénin]] - [[Botswana]] - [[Burkina Faso]] - [[Burundi]] === D === [[Djibuti]] === E === [[Ejipti]] - [[Ekwateli]] - [[Elitré]] - [[Etiopi]] === F === [[Falansia]] === G === [[Gabon]] - [[Gambia]] - [[Ghana]] - [[Gine]] - [[Gine-Bisau]] - [[Gine-Ekwatorial]] (Mambénga) === H === [[Holanda]] (Bikolo ya Sé) === I === [[India]] - [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] === K === [[Kamerun]] - [[Kanada]] - [[Kenya]] - [[Komori]] - [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] - [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] - [[Kotdivuar]] (Cote d'ivoire) === L === [[Liberia]] - [[Luksambur]] === M === [[Malawi]] - [[Mali]] - [[Moritani]] - [[Mozambiki]] === N === [[Namibia]] - [[Niger]] - [[Nijeria]] === P === [[Pulutugal]] === R === [[Rwanda]] === S === [[San Salvador (esé)|San Salvador]] - [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] - [[Sénégal]] - [[Seyshel]] - [[Sidafrika]] - [[Sierra Leone]] - [[Somalie]] - [[Swaziland]] - [[Swisi]] === T === [[Tshad]] - [[Togo]] - [[Tunisia]] === U === [[Uganda]] === Z === [[Zambia]] - [[Zimbabwe]] [[als:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]][[bg:Списък на страните]] [[fr:Liste des pays du monde]] [[ca:Estat]] [[cy:Rhestr gwledydd y byd]] [[da:Verdens lande]] [[de:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]] [[el:Λίστα των Χωρών]] [[en:List of sovereign states]] [[eo:Landoj]] [[es:Países del mundo]] [[hi:देशों की सूची]] [[it:Paesi del Mondo]] [[ja:国の一覧]] [[ka:მსოფლიოს ქვეყნები]] [[la:Nationes Mundi]] [[lt:Šalių sąrašas]] [[mg:Lisitry ny firenena]] [[nl:Landen van de wereld]] [[pl:Państwa świata]] [[pt:Países]] [[ru:Алфавитный список стран]] [[sl:Države sveta]] [[sr:Списак држава]] [[sv:Alfabetisk lista över världens länder]] [[uk:Список країн]] [[vi:Danh sách các nước trên thế giới]] [[yi:רשימה פֿון לענדער פֿון װעלט]] [[zh:世界地理索引]] 5664 2005-07-25T01:13:06Z Themalau 22 /* L */ {{Ndámbo}} [[category:Bisé]] === A === [[Afganistani]] - [[Aljeria]] - [[Alémani]] - [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] (Maroc) - [[Angóla]] === B === [[Bê Afríka]] ([[Santrafríka]]) - [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] - [[Bénin]] - [[Botswana]] - [[Burkina Faso]] - [[Burundi]] === D === [[Djibuti]] === E === [[Ejipti]] - [[Ekwateli]] - [[Elitré]] - [[Etiopi]] === F === [[Falansia]] === G === [[Gabon]] - [[Gambia]] - [[Ghana]] - [[Gine]] - [[Gine-Bisau]] - [[Gine-Ekwatorial]] (Mambénga) === H === [[Holanda]] (Bikolo ya Sé) === I === [[India]] - [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] === K === [[Kamerun]] - [[Kanada]] - [[Kenya]] - [[Komori]] - [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] - [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] - [[Kotdivuar]] (Cote d'ivoire) === L === [[Liberia]] - [[Libîya]] - [[Luksambur]] === M === [[Malawi]] - [[Mali]] - [[Moritani]] - [[Mozambiki]] === N === [[Namibia]] - [[Niger]] - [[Nijeria]] === P === [[Pulutugal]] === R === [[Rwanda]] === S === [[San Salvador (esé)|San Salvador]] - [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] - [[Sénégal]] - [[Seyshel]] - [[Sidafrika]] - [[Sierra Leone]] - [[Somalie]] - [[Swaziland]] - [[Swisi]] === T === [[Tshad]] - [[Togo]] - [[Tunisia]] === U === [[Uganda]] === Z === [[Zambia]] - [[Zimbabwe]] [[als:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]][[bg:Списък на страните]] [[fr:Liste des pays du monde]] [[ca:Estat]] [[cy:Rhestr gwledydd y byd]] [[da:Verdens lande]] [[de:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]] [[el:Λίστα των Χωρών]] [[en:List of sovereign states]] [[eo:Landoj]] [[es:Países del mundo]] [[hi:देशों की सूची]] [[it:Paesi del Mondo]] [[ja:国の一覧]] [[ka:მსოფლიოს ქვეყნები]] [[la:Nationes Mundi]] [[lt:Šalių sąrašas]] [[mg:Lisitry ny firenena]] [[nl:Landen van de wereld]] [[pl:Państwa świata]] [[pt:Países]] [[ru:Алфавитный список стран]] [[sl:Države sveta]] [[sr:Списак држава]] [[sv:Alfabetisk lista över världens länder]] [[uk:Список країн]] [[vi:Danh sách các nước trên thế giới]] [[yi:רשימה פֿון לענדער פֿון װעלט]] [[zh:世界地理索引]] 5665 2005-07-25T01:15:27Z Themalau 22 /* N */ {{Ndámbo}} [[category:Bisé]] === A === [[Afganistani]] - [[Aljeria]] - [[Alémani]] - [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] (Maroc) - [[Angóla]] === B === [[Bê Afríka]] ([[Santrafríka]]) - [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] - [[Bénin]] - [[Botswana]] - [[Burkina Faso]] - [[Burundi]] === D === [[Djibuti]] === E === [[Ejipti]] - [[Ekwateli]] - [[Elitré]] - [[Etiopi]] === F === [[Falansia]] === G === [[Gabon]] - [[Gambia]] - [[Ghana]] - [[Gine]] - [[Gine-Bisau]] - [[Gine-Ekwatorial]] (Mambénga) === H === [[Holanda]] (Bikolo ya Sé) === I === [[India]] - [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] === K === [[Kamerun]] - [[Kanada]] - [[Kenya]] - [[Komori]] - [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] - [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] - [[Kotdivuar]] (Cote d'ivoire) === L === [[Liberia]] - [[Libîya]] - [[Luksambur]] === M === [[Malawi]] - [[Mali]] - [[Moritani]] - [[Mozambiki]] === N === [[Namibia]] - [[Niger]] - [[Nijeria]] === O === [[Omani]] - [[Ostralía]] - [[Otrishi]] === P === [[Pulutugal]] === R === [[Rwanda]] === S === [[San Salvador (esé)|San Salvador]] - [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] - [[Sénégal]] - [[Seyshel]] - [[Sidafrika]] - [[Sierra Leone]] - [[Somalie]] - [[Swaziland]] - [[Swisi]] === T === [[Tshad]] - [[Togo]] - [[Tunisia]] === U === [[Uganda]] === Z === [[Zambia]] - [[Zimbabwe]] [[als:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]][[bg:Списък на страните]] [[fr:Liste des pays du monde]] [[ca:Estat]] [[cy:Rhestr gwledydd y byd]] [[da:Verdens lande]] [[de:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]] [[el:Λίστα των Χωρών]] [[en:List of sovereign states]] [[eo:Landoj]] [[es:Países del mundo]] [[hi:देशों की सूची]] [[it:Paesi del Mondo]] [[ja:国の一覧]] [[ka:მსოფლიოს ქვეყნები]] [[la:Nationes Mundi]] [[lt:Šalių sąrašas]] [[mg:Lisitry ny firenena]] [[nl:Landen van de wereld]] [[pl:Państwa świata]] [[pt:Países]] [[ru:Алфавитный список стран]] [[sl:Države sveta]] [[sr:Списак држава]] [[sv:Alfabetisk lista över världens länder]] [[uk:Список країн]] [[vi:Danh sách các nước trên thế giới]] [[yi:רשימה פֿון לענדער פֿון װעלט]] [[zh:世界地理索引]] 5666 2005-07-25T01:16:50Z Themalau 22 /* G */ {{Ndámbo}} [[category:Bisé]] === A === [[Afganistani]] - [[Aljeria]] - [[Alémani]] - [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] (Maroc) - [[Angóla]] === B === [[Bê Afríka]] ([[Santrafríka]]) - [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] - [[Bénin]] - [[Botswana]] - [[Burkina Faso]] - [[Burundi]] === D === [[Djibuti]] === E === [[Ejipti]] - [[Ekwateli]] - [[Elitré]] - [[Etiopi]] === F === [[Falansia]] === G === [[Gabon]] - [[Gambia]] - [[Ghana]] - [[Gine]] - [[Gine-Bisau]] - [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] (Mambénga) === H === [[Holanda]] (Bikolo ya Sé) === I === [[India]] - [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] === K === [[Kamerun]] - [[Kanada]] - [[Kenya]] - [[Komori]] - [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] - [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] - [[Kotdivuar]] (Cote d'ivoire) === L === [[Liberia]] - [[Libîya]] - [[Luksambur]] === M === [[Malawi]] - [[Mali]] - [[Moritani]] - [[Mozambiki]] === N === [[Namibia]] - [[Niger]] - [[Nijeria]] === O === [[Omani]] - [[Ostralía]] - [[Otrishi]] === P === [[Pulutugal]] === R === [[Rwanda]] === S === [[San Salvador (esé)|San Salvador]] - [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] - [[Sénégal]] - [[Seyshel]] - [[Sidafrika]] - [[Sierra Leone]] - [[Somalie]] - [[Swaziland]] - [[Swisi]] === T === [[Tshad]] - [[Togo]] - [[Tunisia]] === U === [[Uganda]] === Z === [[Zambia]] - [[Zimbabwe]] [[als:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]][[bg:Списък на страните]] [[fr:Liste des pays du monde]] [[ca:Estat]] [[cy:Rhestr gwledydd y byd]] [[da:Verdens lande]] [[de:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]] [[el:Λίστα των Χωρών]] [[en:List of sovereign states]] [[eo:Landoj]] [[es:Países del mundo]] [[hi:देशों की सूची]] [[it:Paesi del Mondo]] [[ja:国の一覧]] [[ka:მსოფლიოს ქვეყნები]] [[la:Nationes Mundi]] [[lt:Šalių sąrašas]] [[mg:Lisitry ny firenena]] [[nl:Landen van de wereld]] [[pl:Państwa świata]] [[pt:Países]] [[ru:Алфавитный список стран]] [[sl:Države sveta]] [[sr:Списак држава]] [[sv:Alfabetisk lista över världens länder]] [[uk:Список країн]] [[vi:Danh sách các nước trên thế giới]] [[yi:רשימה פֿון לענדער פֿון װעלט]] [[zh:世界地理索引]] 5883 2005-07-31T12:51:21Z Moyogo 11 /* K */ Kanadá {{Ndámbo}} [[category:Bisé]] === A === [[Afganistani]] - [[Aljeria]] - [[Alémani]] - [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] (Maroc) - [[Angóla]] === B === [[Bê Afríka]] ([[Santrafríka]]) - [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] - [[Bénin]] - [[Botswana]] - [[Burkina Faso]] - [[Burundi]] === D === [[Djibuti]] === E === [[Ejipti]] - [[Ekwateli]] - [[Elitré]] - [[Etiopi]] === F === [[Falansia]] === G === [[Gabon]] - [[Gambia]] - [[Ghana]] - [[Gine]] - [[Gine-Bisau]] - [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] (Mambénga) === H === [[Holanda]] (Bikolo ya Sé) === I === [[India]] - [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] === K === [[Kamerun]] - [[Kanadá]] - [[Kenya]] - [[Komori]] - [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] - [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] - [[Kotdivuar]] (Cote d'ivoire) === L === [[Liberia]] - [[Libîya]] - [[Luksambur]] === M === [[Malawi]] - [[Mali]] - [[Moritani]] - [[Mozambiki]] === N === [[Namibia]] - [[Niger]] - [[Nijeria]] === O === [[Omani]] - [[Ostralía]] - [[Otrishi]] === P === [[Pulutugal]] === R === [[Rwanda]] === S === [[San Salvador (esé)|San Salvador]] - [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] - [[Sénégal]] - [[Seyshel]] - [[Sidafrika]] - [[Sierra Leone]] - [[Somalie]] - [[Swaziland]] - [[Swisi]] === T === [[Tshad]] - [[Togo]] - [[Tunisia]] === U === [[Uganda]] === Z === [[Zambia]] - [[Zimbabwe]] [[als:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]][[bg:Списък на страните]] [[fr:Liste des pays du monde]] [[ca:Estat]] [[cy:Rhestr gwledydd y byd]] [[da:Verdens lande]] [[de:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]] [[el:Λίστα των Χωρών]] [[en:List of sovereign states]] [[eo:Landoj]] [[es:Países del mundo]] [[hi:देशों की सूची]] [[it:Paesi del Mondo]] [[ja:国の一覧]] [[ka:მსოფლიოს ქვეყნები]] [[la:Nationes Mundi]] [[lt:Šalių sąrašas]] [[mg:Lisitry ny firenena]] [[nl:Landen van de wereld]] [[pl:Państwa świata]] [[pt:Países]] [[ru:Алфавитный список стран]] [[sl:Države sveta]] [[sr:Списак држава]] [[sv:Alfabetisk lista över världens länder]] [[uk:Список країн]] [[vi:Danh sách các nước trên thế giới]] [[yi:רשימה פֿון לענדער פֿון װעלט]] [[zh:世界地理索引]] 6161 2005-09-05T20:47:13Z Moyogo 11 /* S */ {{Ndámbo}} [[category:Bisé]] === A === [[Afganistani]] - [[Aljeria]] - [[Alémani]] - [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] (Maroc) - [[Angóla]] === B === [[Bê Afríka]] ([[Santrafríka]]) - [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] - [[Bénin]] - [[Botswana]] - [[Burkina Faso]] - [[Burundi]] === D === [[Djibuti]] === E === [[Ejipti]] - [[Ekwateli]] - [[Elitré]] - [[Etiopi]] === F === [[Falansia]] === G === [[Gabon]] - [[Gambia]] - [[Ghana]] - [[Gine]] - [[Gine-Bisau]] - [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] (Mambénga) === H === [[Holanda]] (Bikolo ya Sé) === I === [[India]] - [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] === K === [[Kamerun]] - [[Kanadá]] - [[Kenya]] - [[Komori]] - [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] - [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] - [[Kotdivuar]] (Cote d'ivoire) === L === [[Liberia]] - [[Libîya]] - [[Luksambur]] === M === [[Malawi]] - [[Mali]] - [[Moritani]] - [[Mozambiki]] === N === [[Namibia]] - [[Niger]] - [[Nijeria]] === O === [[Omani]] - [[Ostralía]] - [[Otrishi]] === P === [[Pulutugal]] === R === [[Rwanda]] === S === [[San Salvador (esé)|San Salvador]] - [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] - [[Sénégal]] - [[Seyshel]] - [[Sidafrika]] - [[Sierra Leone]] - [[Somalia]] - [[Sudani]] - [[Swaziland]] - [[Swisi]] === T === [[Tshad]] - [[Togo]] - [[Tunisia]] === U === [[Uganda]] === Z === [[Zambia]] - [[Zimbabwe]] [[als:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]][[bg:Списък на страните]] [[fr:Liste des pays du monde]] [[ca:Estat]] [[cy:Rhestr gwledydd y byd]] [[da:Verdens lande]] [[de:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]] [[el:Λίστα των Χωρών]] [[en:List of sovereign states]] [[eo:Landoj]] [[es:Países del mundo]] [[hi:देशों की सूची]] [[it:Paesi del Mondo]] [[ja:国の一覧]] [[ka:მსოფლიოს ქვეყნები]] [[la:Nationes Mundi]] [[lt:Šalių sąrašas]] [[mg:Lisitry ny firenena]] [[nl:Landen van de wereld]] [[pl:Państwa świata]] [[pt:Países]] [[ru:Алфавитный список стран]] [[sl:Države sveta]] [[sr:Списак држава]] [[sv:Alfabetisk lista över världens länder]] [[uk:Список країн]] [[vi:Danh sách các nước trên thế giới]] [[yi:רשימה פֿון לענדער פֿון װעלט]] [[zh:世界地理索引]] 6162 2005-09-05T20:47:32Z Moyogo 11 /* N */ {{Ndámbo}} [[category:Bisé]] === A === [[Afganistani]] - [[Aljeria]] - [[Alémani]] - [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] (Maroc) - [[Angóla]] === B === [[Bê Afríka]] ([[Santrafríka]]) - [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] - [[Bénin]] - [[Botswana]] - [[Burkina Faso]] - [[Burundi]] === D === [[Djibuti]] === E === [[Ejipti]] - [[Ekwateli]] - [[Elitré]] - [[Etiopi]] === F === [[Falansia]] === G === [[Gabon]] - [[Gambia]] - [[Ghana]] - [[Gine]] - [[Gine-Bisau]] - [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] (Mambénga) === H === [[Holanda]] (Bikolo ya Sé) === I === [[India]] - [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] === K === [[Kamerun]] - [[Kanadá]] - [[Kenya]] - [[Komori]] - [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] - [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] - [[Kotdivuar]] (Cote d'ivoire) === L === [[Liberia]] - [[Libîya]] - [[Luksambur]] === M === [[Malawi]] - [[Mali]] - [[Moritani]] - [[Mozambiki]] === N === [[Namibia]] - [[Nijer]] - [[Nijeria]] === O === [[Omani]] - [[Ostralía]] - [[Otrishi]] === P === [[Pulutugal]] === R === [[Rwanda]] === S === [[San Salvador (esé)|San Salvador]] - [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] - [[Sénégal]] - [[Seyshel]] - [[Sidafrika]] - [[Sierra Leone]] - [[Somalia]] - [[Sudani]] - [[Swaziland]] - [[Swisi]] === T === [[Tshad]] - [[Togo]] - [[Tunisia]] === U === [[Uganda]] === Z === [[Zambia]] - [[Zimbabwe]] [[als:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]][[bg:Списък на страните]] [[fr:Liste des pays du monde]] [[ca:Estat]] [[cy:Rhestr gwledydd y byd]] [[da:Verdens lande]] [[de:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]] [[el:Λίστα των Χωρών]] [[en:List of sovereign states]] [[eo:Landoj]] [[es:Países del mundo]] [[hi:देशों की सूची]] [[it:Paesi del Mondo]] [[ja:国の一覧]] [[ka:მსოფლიოს ქვეყნები]] [[la:Nationes Mundi]] [[lt:Šalių sąrašas]] [[mg:Lisitry ny firenena]] [[nl:Landen van de wereld]] [[pl:Państwa świata]] [[pt:Países]] [[ru:Алфавитный список стран]] [[sl:Države sveta]] [[sr:Списак држава]] [[sv:Alfabetisk lista över världens länder]] [[uk:Список країн]] [[vi:Danh sách các nước trên thế giới]] [[yi:רשימה פֿון לענדער פֿון װעלט]] [[zh:世界地理索引]] 6163 2005-09-05T20:48:23Z Moyogo 11 /* N */ {{Ndámbo}} [[category:Bisé]] === A === [[Afganistani]] - [[Aljeria]] - [[Alémani]] - [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] (Maroc) - [[Angóla]] === B === [[Bê Afríka]] ([[Santrafríka]]) - [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] - [[Bénin]] - [[Botswana]] - [[Burkina Faso]] - [[Burundi]] === D === [[Djibuti]] === E === [[Ejipti]] - [[Ekwateli]] - [[Elitré]] - [[Etiopi]] === F === [[Falansia]] === G === [[Gabon]] - [[Gambia]] - [[Ghana]] - [[Gine]] - [[Gine-Bisau]] - [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] (Mambénga) === H === [[Holanda]] (Bikolo ya Sé) === I === [[India]] - [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] === K === [[Kamerun]] - [[Kanadá]] - [[Kenya]] - [[Komori]] - [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] - [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] - [[Kotdivuar]] (Cote d'ivoire) === L === [[Liberia]] - [[Libîya]] - [[Luksambur]] === M === [[Malawi]] - [[Mali]] - [[Moritani]] - [[Mozambiki]] === N === [[Namibia]] - [[Nijer]] - [[Nijéria]] === O === [[Omani]] - [[Ostralía]] - [[Otrishi]] === P === [[Pulutugal]] === R === [[Rwanda]] === S === [[San Salvador (esé)|San Salvador]] - [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] - [[Sénégal]] - [[Seyshel]] - [[Sidafrika]] - [[Sierra Leone]] - [[Somalia]] - [[Sudani]] - [[Swaziland]] - [[Swisi]] === T === [[Tshad]] - [[Togo]] - [[Tunisia]] === U === [[Uganda]] === Z === [[Zambia]] - [[Zimbabwe]] [[als:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]][[bg:Списък на страните]] [[fr:Liste des pays du monde]] [[ca:Estat]] [[cy:Rhestr gwledydd y byd]] [[da:Verdens lande]] [[de:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]] [[el:Λίστα των Χωρών]] [[en:List of sovereign states]] [[eo:Landoj]] [[es:Países del mundo]] [[hi:देशों की सूची]] [[it:Paesi del Mondo]] [[ja:国の一覧]] [[ka:მსოფლიოს ქვეყნები]] [[la:Nationes Mundi]] [[lt:Šalių sąrašas]] [[mg:Lisitry ny firenena]] [[nl:Landen van de wereld]] [[pl:Państwa świata]] [[pt:Países]] [[ru:Алфавитный список стран]] [[sl:Države sveta]] [[sr:Списак држава]] [[sv:Alfabetisk lista över världens länder]] [[uk:Список країн]] [[vi:Danh sách các nước trên thế giới]] [[yi:רשימה פֿון לענדער פֿון װעלט]] [[zh:世界地理索引]] 7020 2005-11-24T11:48:46Z 160.85.2.50 Category {{Ndámbo}} [[category:Bisé ya Mokili]] === A === [[Afganistani]] - [[Aljeria]] - [[Alémani]] - [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] (Maroc) - [[Angóla]] === B === [[Bê Afríka]] ([[Santrafríka]]) - [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] - [[Bénin]] - [[Botswana]] - [[Burkina Faso]] - [[Burundi]] === D === [[Djibuti]] === E === [[Ejipti]] - [[Ekwateli]] - [[Elitré]] - [[Etiopi]] === F === [[Falansia]] === G === [[Gabon]] - [[Gambia]] - [[Ghana]] - [[Gine]] - [[Gine-Bisau]] - [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] (Mambénga) === H === [[Holanda]] (Bikolo ya Sé) === I === [[India]] - [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] === K === [[Kamerun]] - [[Kanadá]] - [[Kenya]] - [[Komori]] - [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] - [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] - [[Kotdivuar]] (Cote d'ivoire) === L === [[Liberia]] - [[Libîya]] - [[Luksambur]] === M === [[Malawi]] - [[Mali]] - [[Moritani]] - [[Mozambiki]] === N === [[Namibia]] - [[Nijer]] - [[Nijéria]] === O === [[Omani]] - [[Ostralía]] - [[Otrishi]] === P === [[Pulutugal]] === R === [[Rwanda]] === S === [[San Salvador (esé)|San Salvador]] - [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] - [[Sénégal]] - [[Seyshel]] - [[Sidafrika]] - [[Sierra Leone]] - [[Somalia]] - [[Sudani]] - [[Swaziland]] - [[Swisi]] === T === [[Tshad]] - [[Togo]] - [[Tunisia]] === U === [[Uganda]] === Z === [[Zambia]] - [[Zimbabwe]] [[als:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]][[bg:Списък на страните]] [[fr:Liste des pays du monde]] [[ca:Estat]] [[cy:Rhestr gwledydd y byd]] [[da:Verdens lande]] [[de:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]] [[el:Λίστα των Χωρών]] [[en:List of sovereign states]] [[eo:Landoj]] [[es:Países del mundo]] [[hi:देशों की सूची]] [[it:Paesi del Mondo]] [[ja:国の一覧]] [[ka:მსოფლიოს ქვეყნები]] [[la:Nationes Mundi]] [[lt:Šalių sąrašas]] [[mg:Lisitry ny firenena]] [[nl:Landen van de wereld]] [[pl:Państwa świata]] [[pt:Países]] [[ru:Алфавитный список стран]] [[sl:Države sveta]] [[sr:Списак држава]] [[sv:Alfabetisk lista över världens länder]] [[uk:Список країн]] [[vi:Danh sách các nước trên thế giới]] [[yi:רשימה פֿון לענדער פֿון װעלט]] [[zh:世界地理索引]] 7135 2005-12-03T14:58:50Z Moyogo 11 +vietnami {{Ndámbo}} [[category:Bisé ya Mokili]] === A === [[Afganistani]] - [[Aljeria]] - [[Alémani]] - [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] (Maroc) - [[Angóla]] === B === [[Bê Afríka]] ([[Santrafríka]]) - [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] - [[Bénin]] - [[Botswana]] - [[Burkina Faso]] - [[Burundi]] === D === [[Djibuti]] === E === [[Ejipti]] - [[Ekwateli]] - [[Elitré]] - [[Etiopi]] === F === [[Falansia]] === G === [[Gabon]] - [[Gambia]] - [[Ghana]] - [[Gine]] - [[Gine-Bisau]] - [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] (Mambénga) === H === [[Holanda]] (Bikolo ya Sé) === I === [[India]] - [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] === K === [[Kamerun]] - [[Kanadá]] - [[Kenya]] - [[Komori]] - [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] - [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] - [[Kotdivuar]] (Cote d'ivoire) === L === [[Liberia]] - [[Libîya]] - [[Luksambur]] === M === [[Malawi]] - [[Mali]] - [[Moritani]] - [[Mozambiki]] === N === [[Namibia]] - [[Nijer]] - [[Nijéria]] === O === [[Omani]] - [[Ostralía]] - [[Otrishi]] === P === [[Pulutugal]] === R === [[Rwanda]] === S === [[San Salvador (esé)|San Salvador]] - [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] - [[Sénégal]] - [[Seyshel]] - [[Sidafrika]] - [[Sierra Leone]] - [[Somalia]] - [[Sudani]] - [[Swaziland]] - [[Swisi]] === T === [[Tshad]] - [[Togo]] - [[Tunisia]] === U === [[Uganda]] === V === [[Vietnami]] === Z === [[Zambia]] - [[Zimbabwe]] [[als:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]][[bg:Списък на страните]] [[fr:Liste des pays du monde]] [[ca:Estat]] [[cy:Rhestr gwledydd y byd]] [[da:Verdens lande]] [[de:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]] [[el:Λίστα των Χωρών]] [[en:List of sovereign states]] [[eo:Landoj]] [[es:Países del mundo]] [[hi:देशों की सूची]] [[it:Paesi del Mondo]] [[ja:国の一覧]] [[ka:მსოფლიოს ქვეყნები]] [[la:Nationes Mundi]] [[lt:Šalių sąrašas]] [[mg:Lisitry ny firenena]] [[nl:Landen van de wereld]] [[pl:Państwa świata]] [[pt:Países]] [[ru:Алфавитный список стран]] [[sl:Države sveta]] [[sr:Списак држава]] [[sv:Alfabetisk lista över världens länder]] [[uk:Список країн]] [[vi:Danh sách các nước trên thế giới]] [[yi:רשימה פֿון לענדער פֿון װעלט]] [[zh:世界地理索引]] 8249 2006-05-26T22:05:27Z 131.111.8.97 fix ca: cy: el: en: eo: es: it: la: ru: sl: sv: vi: +42 iw {{Ndámbo}} [[category:Bisé ya Mokili]] === A === [[Afganistani]] - [[Aljeria]] - [[Alémani]] - [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] (Maroc) - [[Angóla]] === B === [[Bê Afríka]] ([[Santrafríka]]) - [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] - [[Bénin]] - [[Botswana]] - [[Burkina Faso]] - [[Burundi]] === D === [[Djibuti]] === E === [[Ejipti]] - [[Ekwateli]] - [[Elitré]] - [[Etiopi]] === F === [[Falansia]] === G === [[Gabon]] - [[Gambia]] - [[Ghana]] - [[Gine]] - [[Gine-Bisau]] - [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] (Mambénga) === H === [[Holanda]] (Bikolo ya Sé) === I === [[India]] - [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] === K === [[Kamerun]] - [[Kanadá]] - [[Kenya]] - [[Komori]] - [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] - [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] - [[Kotdivuar]] (Cote d'ivoire) === L === [[Liberia]] - [[Libîya]] - [[Luksambur]] === M === [[Malawi]] - [[Mali]] - [[Moritani]] - [[Mozambiki]] === N === [[Namibia]] - [[Nijer]] - [[Nijéria]] === O === [[Omani]] - [[Ostralía]] - [[Otrishi]] === P === [[Pulutugal]] === R === [[Rwanda]] === S === [[San Salvador (esé)|San Salvador]] - [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] - [[Sénégal]] - [[Seyshel]] - [[Sidafrika]] - [[Sierra Leone]] - [[Somalia]] - [[Sudani]] - [[Swaziland]] - [[Swisi]] === T === [[Tshad]] - [[Togo]] - [[Tunisia]] === U === [[Uganda]] === V === [[Vietnami]] === Z === [[Zambia]] - [[Zimbabwe]] [[als:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]] [[an:Estatos d'o mundo]] [[ast:Llista de países]] [[bg:Списък на страните]] [[bn:সার্বভৌম রাষ্ট্রসমূহের তালিকা]] [[bs:Spisak država]] [[ca:Llista d'estats independents i territoris dependents]] [[cs:Seznam států světa]] [[cy:Gwledydd y byd]] [[da:Verdens lande]] [[de:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]] [[el:Κατάλογος χωρών]] [[en:List of countries]] [[eo:Listo de sendependaj ŝtatoj]] [[es:Portal:Países/Lista alfabética]] [[et:Maailma riikide loend]] [[fi:Luettelo valtioista]] [[fiu-vro:Maailma riike lipuq]] [[fr:Liste des pays du monde]] [[fur:Liste di Stâts dal mont]] [[gl:Lista de países]] [[hi:देशों की सूची]] [[hr:Popis država]] [[hu:Országok listája]] [[ia:Paises del mundo]] [[id:Daftar negara-negara di dunia]] [[ie:Liste del landes del munde]] [[it:Stati del mondo]] [[ja:国の一覧]] [[ka:მსოფლიოს ქვეყნები]] [[km:បញ្ជីរាយនាមប្រទេស]] [[ko:나라 목록]] [[ky:Дүйнө өлкөлөрү]] [[la:Nationes mundi]] [[lb:Lëscht vun de Länner vun der Welt]] [[lt:Šalių sąrašas]] [[lv:Valstis]] [[mg:Lisitry ny firenena]] [[mo:Листэ де стате суверане]] [[ms:Daftar negara]] [[na:Eb]] [[nl:Landen van de wereld]] [[nn:Verdas land]] [[no:Liste over stater]] [[oc:Païses]] [[os:Бæстæты номхыгъд]] [[pl:Państwa świata]] [[pt:Lista de países]] but to [[pt:Países]] [[pt:Países]] [[rm:Glista dals stadis independents]] [[ro:Listă de state suverane]] [[ru:Алфавитный список стран и территорий]] [[scn:Lista dî Paisi dû Munnu]] [[sh:Spisak država]] [[simple:List of countries]] [[sk:Zoznam štátov]] [[sl:Seznam suverenih držav]] [[sr:Списак држава]] [[su:Daptar nagara]] [[sv:Lista över länder]] [[ta:உலக நாடுகளின் பட்டியல்]] [[tl:Talaan ng mga bansa]] [[tpi:Jiograpi]] [[tr:Ülkeler]] [[tt:Däwlätlär isemlege]] [[uk:Список країн]] [[ur:ممالک]] [[vi:Danh sách quốc gia]] [[yi:רשימה פֿון לענדער פֿון װעלט]] [[zh:世界地理索引]] [[zh-min-nan:Kok-ka lia̍t-toaⁿ]] 8250 2006-05-27T09:04:36Z 62.4.128.225 /* L */ +Litaue {{Ndámbo}} [[category:Bisé ya Mokili]] === A === [[Afganistani]] - [[Aljeria]] - [[Alémani]] - [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] (Maroc) - [[Angóla]] === B === [[Bê Afríka]] ([[Santrafríka]]) - [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] - [[Bénin]] - [[Botswana]] - [[Burkina Faso]] - [[Burundi]] === D === [[Djibuti]] === E === [[Ejipti]] - [[Ekwateli]] - [[Elitré]] - [[Etiopi]] === F === [[Falansia]] === G === [[Gabon]] - [[Gambia]] - [[Ghana]] - [[Gine]] - [[Gine-Bisau]] - [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] (Mambénga) === H === [[Holanda]] (Bikolo ya Sé) === I === [[India]] - [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] === K === [[Kamerun]] - [[Kanadá]] - [[Kenya]] - [[Komori]] - [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] - [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] - [[Kotdivuar]] (Cote d'ivoire) === L === [[Liberia]] - [[Libîya]] - [[Litaue]] - [[Luksambur]] === M === [[Malawi]] - [[Mali]] - [[Moritani]] - [[Mozambiki]] === N === [[Namibia]] - [[Nijer]] - [[Nijéria]] === O === [[Omani]] - [[Ostralía]] - [[Otrishi]] === P === [[Pulutugal]] === R === [[Rwanda]] === S === [[San Salvador (esé)|San Salvador]] - [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] - [[Sénégal]] - [[Seyshel]] - [[Sidafrika]] - [[Sierra Leone]] - [[Somalia]] - [[Sudani]] - [[Swaziland]] - [[Swisi]] === T === [[Tshad]] - [[Togo]] - [[Tunisia]] === U === [[Uganda]] === V === [[Vietnami]] === Z === [[Zambia]] - [[Zimbabwe]] [[als:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]] [[an:Estatos d'o mundo]] [[ast:Llista de países]] [[bg:Списък на страните]] [[bn:সার্বভৌম রাষ্ট্রসমূহের তালিকা]] [[bs:Spisak država]] [[ca:Llista d'estats independents i territoris dependents]] [[cs:Seznam států světa]] [[cy:Gwledydd y byd]] [[da:Verdens lande]] [[de:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]] [[el:Κατάλογος χωρών]] [[en:List of countries]] [[eo:Listo de sendependaj ŝtatoj]] [[es:Portal:Países/Lista alfabética]] [[et:Maailma riikide loend]] [[fi:Luettelo valtioista]] [[fiu-vro:Maailma riike lipuq]] [[fr:Liste des pays du monde]] [[fur:Liste di Stâts dal mont]] [[gl:Lista de países]] [[hi:देशों की सूची]] [[hr:Popis država]] [[hu:Országok listája]] [[ia:Paises del mundo]] [[id:Daftar negara-negara di dunia]] [[ie:Liste del landes del munde]] [[it:Stati del mondo]] [[ja:国の一覧]] [[ka:მსოფლიოს ქვეყნები]] [[km:បញ្ជីរាយនាមប្រទេស]] [[ko:나라 목록]] [[ky:Дүйнө өлкөлөрү]] [[la:Nationes mundi]] [[lb:Lëscht vun de Länner vun der Welt]] [[lt:Šalių sąrašas]] [[lv:Valstis]] [[mg:Lisitry ny firenena]] [[mo:Листэ де стате суверане]] [[ms:Daftar negara]] [[na:Eb]] [[nl:Landen van de wereld]] [[nn:Verdas land]] [[no:Liste over stater]] [[oc:Païses]] [[os:Бæстæты номхыгъд]] [[pl:Państwa świata]] [[pt:Lista de países]] but to [[pt:Países]] [[pt:Países]] [[rm:Glista dals stadis independents]] [[ro:Listă de state suverane]] [[ru:Алфавитный список стран и территорий]] [[scn:Lista dî Paisi dû Munnu]] [[sh:Spisak država]] [[simple:List of countries]] [[sk:Zoznam štátov]] [[sl:Seznam suverenih držav]] [[sr:Списак држава]] [[su:Daptar nagara]] [[sv:Lista över länder]] [[ta:உலக நாடுகளின் பட்டியல்]] [[tl:Talaan ng mga bansa]] [[tpi:Jiograpi]] [[tr:Ülkeler]] [[tt:Däwlätlär isemlege]] [[uk:Список країн]] [[ur:ممالک]] [[vi:Danh sách quốc gia]] [[yi:רשימה פֿון לענדער פֿון װעלט]] [[zh:世界地理索引]] [[zh-min-nan:Kok-ka lia̍t-toaⁿ]] Category:Bisé ya Afrika 1127 4693 2005-05-31T20:14:41Z Moyogo 11 [[Category:Afrika]] 6615 2005-11-02T10:55:10Z Bombo 12 cat [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:Bisé]] 7019 2005-11-24T11:47:53Z 160.85.2.50 Category [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:Bisé ya Mokili]] 7264 2005-12-07T08:15:05Z 160.85.2.50 interwiki, template {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:Bisé ya Mokili]] [[fr:Catégorie:Pays d'Afrique]] 7278 2005-12-07T09:02:52Z Moyogo 11 +noinclude {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:Bisé ya Mokili]] <noinclude> [[fr:Catégorie:Pays d'Afrique]] </noinclude> 7279 2005-12-07T13:24:11Z Moyogo 11 {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:Bisé ya Mokili]] 7559 2006-01-09T17:06:23Z Miaow Miaow 51 +interwiki {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:Bisé ya Mokili]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Краіны Афрыкі]] [[bg:Категория:Африкански държави]] [[cs:Kategorie:Státy Afriky]] [[da:Kategori:Afrikanske lande]] [[et:Kategooria:Aafrika maad]] [[en:Category:African countries]] [[es:Categoría:Países de África]] [[eo:Kategorio:Afrikaj landoj]] [[eu:Kategoria:Afrikako Herrialdeak]] [[fr:Catégorie:Pays d'Afrique]] [[ko:분류:아프리카의 나라]] [[ka:კატეგორია:აფრიკის ქვეყნები]] [[lt:Category:Afrikos valstybės]] [[hu:Afrika országai]] [[nl:Categorie:Land in Afrika]] [[no:Kategori:Land i Afrika]] [[nn:Kategori:Land i Afrika]] [[pl:Kategoria:Państwa Afryki]] [[pt:Categoria:Países de África]] [[ro:Categorie:Ţări în Africa]] [[ru:Категория:Страны Африки]] [[fi:Luokka:Afrikan valtiot]] [[sv:Kategori:Afrikas länder]] [[uk:Категорія:Країни Африки]] [[zh:Category:非洲国家]] 8905 2006-07-14T11:04:04Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: af, ar, ast, de, el, fa, he, ht, is, la, mk, os, sk, sl, ta, tl, tr, zh-yue Retire: eu Modifie: hu {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:Bisé ya Mokili]] [[af:Kategorie:Lande van Afrika]] [[ar:تصنيف:دول أفريقيا]] [[ast:Categoría:Países d'África]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Краіны Афрыкі]] [[bg:Категория:Африкански държави]] [[cs:Kategorie:Státy Afriky]] [[da:Kategori:Afrikanske lande]] [[de:Kategorie:Land in Afrika]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Αφρικανικά κράτη]] [[en:Category:African countries]] [[eo:Kategorio:Afrikaj landoj]] [[es:Categoría:Países de África]] [[et:Kategooria:Aafrika maad]] [[fa:رده:کشورهای آفریقا]] [[fi:Luokka:Afrikan valtiot]] [[fr:Catégorie:Pays d'Afrique]] [[he:קטגוריה:מדינות אפריקה]] [[ht:Category:Peyi Afrik]] [[hu:Kategória:Afrika országai]] [[is:Flokkur:Afríkulönd]] [[ka:კატეგორია:აფრიკის ქვეყნები]] [[ko:분류:아프리카의 나라]] [[la:Categoria:Nationes Africae]] [[lt:Kategorija:Afrikos valstybės]] [[mk:Категорија:Држави во Африка]] [[nl:Categorie:Land in Afrika]] [[nn:Kategori:Land i Afrika]] [[no:Kategori:Land i Afrika]] [[os:Категори:Африкæйы бæстæтæ]] [[pl:Kategoria:Państwa Afryki]] [[pt:Categoria:Países de África]] [[ro:Categorie:Ţări în Africa]] [[ru:Категория:Страны Африки]] [[sk:Kategória:Štáty v Afrike]] [[sl:Kategorija:Afriške države]] [[sv:Kategori:Afrikas länder]] [[ta:பகுப்பு:ஆப்பிரிக்க நாடுகள்]] [[tl:Category:Mga bansa sa Afrika]] [[tr:Kategori:Afrika Ülkeleri]] [[uk:Категорія:Країни Африки]] [[zh:Category:非洲国家]] [[zh-yue:Category:非洲國]] 9371 2006-09-20T00:11:30Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: eu, lv, sr, sw {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:Bisé ya Mokili]] [[af:Kategorie:Lande van Afrika]] [[ar:تصنيف:دول أفريقيا]] [[ast:Categoría:Países d'África]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Краіны Афрыкі]] [[bg:Категория:Африкански държави]] [[cs:Kategorie:Státy Afriky]] [[da:Kategori:Afrikanske lande]] [[de:Kategorie:Land in Afrika]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Αφρικανικά κράτη]] [[en:Category:African countries]] [[eo:Kategorio:Afrikaj landoj]] [[es:Categoría:Países de África]] [[et:Kategooria:Aafrika maad]] [[eu:Kategoria:Afrikako herrialdeak]] [[fa:رده:کشورهای آفریقا]] [[fi:Luokka:Afrikan valtiot]] [[fr:Catégorie:Pays d'Afrique]] [[he:קטגוריה:מדינות אפריקה]] [[ht:Category:Peyi Afrik]] [[hu:Kategória:Afrika országai]] [[is:Flokkur:Afríkulönd]] [[ka:კატეგორია:აფრიკის ქვეყნები]] [[ko:분류:아프리카의 나라]] [[la:Categoria:Nationes Africae]] [[lt:Kategorija:Afrikos valstybės]] [[lv:Kategorija:Āfrikas valstis]] [[mk:Категорија:Држави во Африка]] [[nl:Categorie:Land in Afrika]] [[nn:Kategori:Land i Afrika]] [[no:Kategori:Land i Afrika]] [[os:Категори:Африкæйы бæстæтæ]] [[pl:Kategoria:Państwa Afryki]] [[pt:Categoria:Países de África]] [[ro:Categorie:Ţări în Africa]] [[ru:Категория:Страны Африки]] [[sk:Kategória:Štáty v Afrike]] [[sl:Kategorija:Afriške države]] [[sr:Категорија:Државе у Африци]] [[sv:Kategori:Afrikas länder]] [[sw:Category:Nchi za Afrika]] [[ta:பகுப்பு:ஆப்பிரிக்க நாடுகள்]] [[tl:Category:Mga bansa sa Afrika]] [[tr:Kategori:Afrika Ülkeleri]] [[uk:Категорія:Країни Африки]] [[zh:Category:非洲国家]] [[zh-yue:Category:非洲國]] 9497 2006-10-13T20:09:23Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[it:Categoria:Nazioni africane]] {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:Bisé ya Mokili]] [[af:Kategorie:Lande van Afrika]] [[ar:تصنيف:دول أفريقيا]] [[ast:Categoría:Países d'África]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Краіны Афрыкі]] [[bg:Категория:Африкански държави]] [[cs:Kategorie:Státy Afriky]] [[da:Kategori:Afrikanske lande]] [[de:Kategorie:Land in Afrika]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Αφρικανικά κράτη]] [[en:Category:African countries]] [[eo:Kategorio:Afrikaj landoj]] [[es:Categoría:Países de África]] [[et:Kategooria:Aafrika maad]] [[eu:Kategoria:Afrikako herrialdeak]] [[fa:رده:کشورهای آفریقا]] [[fi:Luokka:Afrikan valtiot]] [[fr:Catégorie:Pays d'Afrique]] [[he:קטגוריה:מדינות אפריקה]] [[ht:Category:Peyi Afrik]] [[hu:Kategória:Afrika országai]] [[is:Flokkur:Afríkulönd]] [[it:Categoria:Nazioni africane]] [[ka:კატეგორია:აფრიკის ქვეყნები]] [[ko:분류:아프리카의 나라]] [[la:Categoria:Nationes Africae]] [[lt:Kategorija:Afrikos valstybės]] [[lv:Kategorija:Āfrikas valstis]] [[mk:Категорија:Држави во Африка]] [[nl:Categorie:Land in Afrika]] [[nn:Kategori:Land i Afrika]] [[no:Kategori:Land i Afrika]] [[os:Категори:Африкæйы бæстæтæ]] [[pl:Kategoria:Państwa Afryki]] [[pt:Categoria:Países de África]] [[ro:Categorie:Ţări în Africa]] [[ru:Категория:Страны Африки]] [[sk:Kategória:Štáty v Afrike]] [[sl:Kategorija:Afriške države]] [[sr:Категорија:Државе у Африци]] [[sv:Kategori:Afrikas länder]] [[sw:Category:Nchi za Afrika]] [[ta:பகுப்பு:ஆப்பிரிக்க நாடுகள்]] [[tl:Category:Mga bansa sa Afrika]] [[tr:Kategori:Afrika Ülkeleri]] [[uk:Категорія:Країни Африки]] [[zh:Category:非洲国家]] [[zh-yue:Category:非洲國]] 9519 2006-10-18T18:49:05Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[cy:Categori:Gwledydd Affrica]] {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:Bisé ya Mokili]] [[af:Kategorie:Lande van Afrika]] [[ar:تصنيف:دول أفريقيا]] [[ast:Categoría:Países d'África]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Краіны Афрыкі]] [[bg:Категория:Африкански държави]] [[cs:Kategorie:Státy Afriky]] [[cy:Categori:Gwledydd Affrica]] [[da:Kategori:Afrikanske lande]] [[de:Kategorie:Land in Afrika]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Αφρικανικά κράτη]] [[en:Category:African countries]] [[eo:Kategorio:Afrikaj landoj]] [[es:Categoría:Países de África]] [[et:Kategooria:Aafrika maad]] [[eu:Kategoria:Afrikako herrialdeak]] [[fa:رده:کشورهای آفریقا]] [[fi:Luokka:Afrikan valtiot]] [[fr:Catégorie:Pays d'Afrique]] [[he:קטגוריה:מדינות אפריקה]] [[ht:Category:Peyi Afrik]] [[hu:Kategória:Afrika országai]] [[is:Flokkur:Afríkulönd]] [[it:Categoria:Nazioni africane]] [[ka:კატეგორია:აფრიკის ქვეყნები]] [[ko:분류:아프리카의 나라]] [[la:Categoria:Nationes Africae]] [[lt:Kategorija:Afrikos valstybės]] [[lv:Kategorija:Āfrikas valstis]] [[mk:Категорија:Држави во Африка]] [[nl:Categorie:Land in Afrika]] [[nn:Kategori:Land i Afrika]] [[no:Kategori:Land i Afrika]] [[os:Категори:Африкæйы бæстæтæ]] [[pl:Kategoria:Państwa Afryki]] [[pt:Categoria:Países de África]] [[ro:Categorie:Ţări în Africa]] [[ru:Категория:Страны Африки]] [[sk:Kategória:Štáty v Afrike]] [[sl:Kategorija:Afriške države]] [[sr:Категорија:Државе у Африци]] [[sv:Kategori:Afrikas länder]] [[sw:Category:Nchi za Afrika]] [[ta:பகுப்பு:ஆப்பிரிக்க நாடுகள்]] [[tl:Category:Mga bansa sa Afrika]] [[tr:Kategori:Afrika Ülkeleri]] [[uk:Категорія:Країни Африки]] [[zh:Category:非洲国家]] [[zh-yue:Category:非洲國]] 9845 2006-11-24T13:50:26Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[simple:Category:African countries]] {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:Bisé ya Mokili]] [[af:Kategorie:Lande van Afrika]] [[ar:تصنيف:دول أفريقيا]] [[ast:Categoría:Países d'África]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Краіны Афрыкі]] [[bg:Категория:Африкански държави]] [[cs:Kategorie:Státy Afriky]] [[cy:Categori:Gwledydd Affrica]] [[da:Kategori:Afrikanske lande]] [[de:Kategorie:Land in Afrika]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Αφρικανικά κράτη]] [[en:Category:African countries]] [[eo:Kategorio:Afrikaj landoj]] [[es:Categoría:Países de África]] [[et:Kategooria:Aafrika maad]] [[eu:Kategoria:Afrikako herrialdeak]] [[fa:رده:کشورهای آفریقا]] [[fi:Luokka:Afrikan valtiot]] [[fr:Catégorie:Pays d'Afrique]] [[he:קטגוריה:מדינות אפריקה]] [[ht:Category:Peyi Afrik]] [[hu:Kategória:Afrika országai]] [[is:Flokkur:Afríkulönd]] [[it:Categoria:Nazioni africane]] [[ka:კატეგორია:აფრიკის ქვეყნები]] [[ko:분류:아프리카의 나라]] [[la:Categoria:Nationes Africae]] [[lt:Kategorija:Afrikos valstybės]] [[lv:Kategorija:Āfrikas valstis]] [[mk:Категорија:Држави во Африка]] [[nl:Categorie:Land in Afrika]] [[nn:Kategori:Land i Afrika]] [[no:Kategori:Land i Afrika]] [[os:Категори:Африкæйы бæстæтæ]] [[pl:Kategoria:Państwa Afryki]] [[pt:Categoria:Países de África]] [[ro:Categorie:Ţări în Africa]] [[ru:Категория:Страны Африки]] [[simple:Category:African countries]] [[sk:Kategória:Štáty v Afrike]] [[sl:Kategorija:Afriške države]] [[sr:Категорија:Државе у Африци]] [[sv:Kategori:Afrikas länder]] [[sw:Category:Nchi za Afrika]] [[ta:பகுப்பு:ஆப்பிரிக்க நாடுகள்]] [[tl:Category:Mga bansa sa Afrika]] [[tr:Kategori:Afrika Ülkeleri]] [[uk:Категорія:Країни Африки]] [[zh:Category:非洲国家]] [[zh-yue:Category:非洲國]] 10017 2006-12-20T13:31:55Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[ca:Categoria:Estats d'Àfrica]], [[vi:Thể loại:Quốc gia châu Phi]] {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:Bisé ya Mokili]] [[af:Kategorie:Lande van Afrika]] [[ar:تصنيف:دول أفريقيا]] [[ast:Categoría:Países d'África]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Краіны Афрыкі]] [[bg:Категория:Африкански държави]] [[ca:Categoria:Estats d'Àfrica]] [[cs:Kategorie:Státy Afriky]] [[cy:Categori:Gwledydd Affrica]] [[da:Kategori:Afrikanske lande]] [[de:Kategorie:Land in Afrika]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Αφρικανικά κράτη]] [[en:Category:African countries]] [[eo:Kategorio:Afrikaj landoj]] [[es:Categoría:Países de África]] [[et:Kategooria:Aafrika maad]] [[eu:Kategoria:Afrikako herrialdeak]] [[fa:رده:کشورهای آفریقا]] [[fi:Luokka:Afrikan valtiot]] [[fr:Catégorie:Pays d'Afrique]] [[he:קטגוריה:מדינות אפריקה]] [[ht:Category:Peyi Afrik]] [[hu:Kategória:Afrika országai]] [[is:Flokkur:Afríkulönd]] [[it:Categoria:Nazioni africane]] [[ka:კატეგორია:აფრიკის ქვეყნები]] [[ko:분류:아프리카의 나라]] [[la:Categoria:Nationes Africae]] [[lt:Kategorija:Afrikos valstybės]] [[lv:Kategorija:Āfrikas valstis]] [[mk:Категорија:Држави во Африка]] [[nl:Categorie:Land in Afrika]] [[nn:Kategori:Land i Afrika]] [[no:Kategori:Land i Afrika]] [[os:Категори:Африкæйы бæстæтæ]] [[pl:Kategoria:Państwa Afryki]] [[pt:Categoria:Países de África]] [[ro:Categorie:Ţări în Africa]] [[ru:Категория:Страны Африки]] [[simple:Category:African countries]] [[sk:Kategória:Štáty v Afrike]] [[sl:Kategorija:Afriške države]] [[sr:Категорија:Државе у Африци]] [[sv:Kategori:Afrikas länder]] [[sw:Category:Nchi za Afrika]] [[ta:பகுப்பு:ஆப்பிரிக்க நாடுகள்]] [[tl:Category:Mga bansa sa Afrika]] [[tr:Kategori:Afrika Ülkeleri]] [[uk:Категорія:Країни Африки]] [[vi:Thể loại:Quốc gia châu Phi]] [[zh:Category:非洲国家]] [[zh-yue:Category:非洲國]] Kongó 1128 4694 2005-06-01T18:53:14Z Moyogo 11 Kongó moved to Kɔ́ngɔ #REDIRECT [[Kɔ́ngɔ]] User:Btw 1129 4695 2005-06-08T06:24:25Z Btw 20 -> [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Btw http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Btw] Swisi 1130 2709 2005-06-09T15:08:04Z 81.134.3.148 [[fr:Image:Carte suisse2.png|thumb|310px|right|Carte de la Suisse]] [[fr:Image:Carte Suisse langue.png|thumb|300px|right|Les différentes langues de la Suisse]] 4696 2005-06-09T15:12:36Z 81.134.3.148 [[Image:Carte suisse2.png|thumb|310px|right|Swisi]] 5405 2005-07-18T10:28:34Z Themalau 22 [[Image:Carte suisse2.png|thumb|310px|right|Swisi]] The '''Swiss Confederation''' or '''Switzerland''' is a landlocked federal state in [[Europe]], which borders [[Germany]], [[France]], [[Italy]], [[Austria]] and [[Liechtenstein]]. The country has a strong tradition of [[neutral country|political and military neutrality]], but also of international co-operation, and is home to many international organisations. ''Confœderatio Helvetica'' (CH), the [[Latin]] version of the official name, avoids choosing one of the four official languages. The abbreviation is similarly used; for example, it is used as Switzerland's [[country code top-level domain|ccTLD]], [[.ch]]. {{Infobox_Country| common_name = Switzerland | native_name = Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft<br>Confédération suisse<br>Confederazione Svizzera<br>Confederaziun Svizra<br>Confœderatio Helvetica| image_flag = Switzerland flag large.png | image_coat = Switzerland_CoA.png | image_map = LocationSwitzerland.png | national_motto = Unus pro omnibus, omnes pro uno<br>(English: One for all, all for one)| national_anthem = [[Swiss Psalm]] | official_languages = [[Alemani]], [[Lifalansé]], [[Italiano]], [[Romanshi]]| capital = [[Bern]] |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| largest_city = [[Zurich]] | government_type = [[Republiki Fedelali]] | leader_titles = [[Lisanga Fedelali ya Swisi|Lisanga Fedelali]]| leader_names = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[Moritz Leuenberger]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|VP 2005]])</small><br>[[Pascal Couchepin]]<br>[[Joseph Deiss]]<br>[[Samuel Schmid]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Micheline Calmy-Rey]]<br>[[Christoph Blocher]]<br>[[Hans-Rudolf Merz]]| area = 41,285|area_rank=132nd|area_magnitude=1 E10|percent_water=4.2| population_estimate = 7,399,100|population_estimate_year=2003|population_estimate_rank=92nd | population_density = 181|population_density_rank=44th | population_census = 7,288,010|population_census_year=2000| GDP_PPP = $233 billion|GDP_PPP_year=2003|GDP_PPP_rank=35th| GDP_nominal = $309 billion|GDP_nominal_year=2003|GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,186|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=8th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $42,138|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=3rd| sovereignty_type =[[Independence]] | established_events =- Declared<br> - Recognised<br>Federal state | established_dates =[[Lisakoli Fedelali ya 1921|Lisakoli Fedelali]]<br> [[August 1]], [[1291]]<br> [[October 24]], [[1648]]<br>[[1848]]| currency = [[Fran Swisi]]|currency_code=CHF| time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.ch]] | calling_code = 41| footnotes = | }} == History == ''Article ya molayi: [[Historia ya Swisi]]'' Switzerland is a federation of relatively autonomous [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]]s, some of which have a history of confederacy that goes back more than 700 years, arguably putting them among the world's oldest surviving [[republic]]s. According to the popular legend, in [[1291]], representatives of the '''[[three forest cantons]]''' of [[Canton of Uri|Uri]], [[Schwyz]], and [[Unterwalden]] signed the [[Federal Charter of 1291|Federal Charter]]. The charter united the involved parties in the struggle against foreign rule by the [[Habsburg]]s, who then held the German imperial throne of the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. At the [[Battle of Morgarten]] in [[1315]], the Swiss defeated the Habsburg army and secured quasi-independence as the Swiss Confederation. The authenticity of the Federal Charter is disputed with many historians agreeing that it is in fact a forgery of the [[14th century]]. By [[1353]], the three original cantons had been joined by the cantons of [[Glarus]] and [[Zug]] and the city states of [[Lucerne]], [[Zürich]] and [[Berne]], forming the "Old Federation" of eight states that persisted during much of the [[15th century]] (although Zürich was expelled from the confederation during the [[1440s]] due to a territorial conflict) and led to a significant increase of power and wealth of the federation, in particular due to the victories over [[Charles the Bold]] of [[Burgundy]] during the [[1470s]], and the success of the Swiss [[mercenary|mercenaries]]. The traditional listing order of the [[cantons of Switzerland]] reflects this state, listing the eight "Old Cantons" first, with the city states preceding the founding cantons, followed by cantons that joined the federation after [[1481]], in historical order. The Swiss victory in a war against the [[Swabian League]] in [[1499]] amounted to de facto independence from the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. In [[1506]], Pope [[Julius II]] engaged the [[Swiss Guard]] that continues to serve the [[Vatican]] to the present day. The expansion of the federation, and the reputation of invincibility acquired during the earlier wars, suffered a first setback in [[1515]] with the Swiss defeat in the [[Battle of Marignano]]. The success of [[Zwingli]]'s [[Reformation]] in some cantons led to inter-cantonal wars in [[1529]] and [[1531]] (''Kappeler Kriege''). The conflict between Catholic and Protestant cantons persisted, erupting in further violence at the [[battles of Villmergen]] in [[1656]] and [[1712]]. [[Image:Stumpf-Chronik-Zug.png|left|200px|thumb|1548 view of [[Zug]]]] Under the [[Treaty of Westphalia]] in [[1648]], European countries recognised Switzerland's independence from the Holy Roman Empire and its [[neutral country|neutrality]] (''ancien r&eacute;gime''). In [[1798]], armies of the [[French Revolution]] conquered Switzerland and in [[1803]], [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] imposed a new constitution, largely restoring Swiss autonomy. The [[Congress of Vienna]] in [[1815]] fully re-established Swiss independence and the European powers agreed to permanently recognise the Swiss neutrality. At this time, the territory of Switzerland was increased for the last time, by the new cantons of [[Valais]], [[Canton of Neuchâtel|Neuchatel]] and [[Canton of Geneva|Geneva]]. In [[1847]], a civil war broke out between the Catholic and the Protestant cantons (''Sonderbundskrieg''). Its immediate cause was a 'special treaty' (''[[Sonderbund]]'') of the Catholic cantons. The war lasted for less than a month, causing fewer than 100 casualties. Apart from small riots, this was the latest armed conflict on Swiss territory. As a consequence of the civil war, Switzerland adopted a federal [[constitution]] in [[1848]], amending it extensively in [[1874]] and establishing federal responsibility for defence, trade, and legal matters. In [[1891]], the constitution was revised with unusually strong elements of [[direct democracy]], which remains unique even today. Since then, continued political, economic, and social improvement has characterised Swiss history. In [[1920]], Switzerland joined the [[League of Nations]], and in [[1963]] the [[Council of Europe]]. Switzerland proclaimed neutrality in [[World War I]] and was not involved militarily in the conflict. Neutrality was again proclaimed in [[World War II]], and although a German intervention was both planned and anticipated, it ultimately didn't occur. The massive mobilization of Swiss armed forces under the leadership of General [[Henri Guisan]] is often cited as a decisive factor that the German invasion was never initiated. Modern historical findings, such as the research done by the [[Bergier commission]], indicate that another major factor was the continued trade by Swiss banks with Nazi Germany. Women were granted the right to vote in the first cantons in [[1959]], at the federal level in [[1971]], in the last canton only in [[1990]]. In [[1979]], parts of the canton of [[Berne]] attained independence, forming the new [[canton of Jura]]. On April 18, [[1999]] the Swiss population and the cantons voted in favor of a completely revised federal [[constitution]]. In [[2002]] Switzerland became a full member of the [[United Nations]], leaving the [[Vatican]] as the last widely recognized state without full UN membership. Switzerland is not a member state of the [[EU]] but applied for membership therein in May 1992. Switzerland has not advanced this application since the rejection, by referendum, of the [[European Economic Area]] in December 1992. However, Swiss law is gradually being adjusted to that of the EU and the government has signed a number of [[bilateral agreements]] with the European Union. Switzerland (together with [[Liechtenstein]]) has been surrounded by the EU since [[Austria|Austria's]] membership in [[1995]]. On June 5, [[2005]], Swiss voters agreed, by a 55% majority, to join the [[Schengen treaty]], a result that was welcomed by EU commentators as a sign of goodwill by a Switzerland that is traditionally perceived as isolationist. == Politiki == ''Main article: [[Politiki ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Curia Confoederationis Heleticae - Swiss parliament and government.jpg|right|200px|thumb|[[Curia Confoederationis Helveticae]] in [[Bern]]]] Switzerland features a system of government unlike any other seen in [[Europe]], or indeed much of the world. The bicameral Swiss [[parliament]], the Federal Assembly, is the primary seat of power, apart from the Federal Council. Both houses, the [[Swiss Council of States|Council of States]] and the [[National Council of Switzerland|National Council]], have equal powers in all respects, including the right to introduce legislation. Under the [[1999]] [[constitution]], cantons hold all powers not specifically delegated to the federation. The 46 members of the Council of States (two from each canton and one from former half cantons) are directly elected in each canton, whereas the 200 members of the National Council are elected directly under a system of [[proportional representation]]. Members of both houses serve for 4 years. Through [[referenda]] citizens may challenge any law voted by federal parliament and through [[initiative]]s introduce amendments to the federal constitution, making Switzerland a [[semi-direct democracy]]. The top [[executive]] body and collective [[Head of State]] is the [[Swiss Federal Council|Federal Council]], a collegial body of seven members. Although the constitution provides that the Assembly elects and supervises the members of the Council, the latter (and its administration) has gradually assumed a preeminent role in directing the [[legislative]] process as well as executing federal laws. The [[President of the Swiss Confederation|President of the Confederation]] is elected from the seven. During a one year term, s/he assumes special representative functions. From 1959 to December 2003, the four major parties were represented in the Federal Council according to the "magic formula", proportional to their representation in federal parliament: 2 [[Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland|Christian Democrats (CVP/PDC)]], 2 from the [[Social Democratic Party of Switzerland|Social Democrats (SPS/PSS)]], 2 [[Radical Free Democratic Party of Switzerland|Free Democrats (FDP/PRD)]], and 1 from the [[Swiss People's Party|Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC)]]. This traditional distribution of seats, however, is not backed up by any law, and in the 2003 elections to the Federal Council the CVP/PDC lost their second seat to the SVP/UDC. The function of the [[Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland|Federal Supreme Court]] is to hear appeals of cantonal courts or the administrative rulings of the federal administration. The judges are elected by the Federal Assembly for six-year terms. Citizens may seek a decision on an [[amendment]] they want to make to the Constitution. For such an amendment initiative to be organized,the signatures of 100,000 voters must be collected within 18 months. They are the driving force behind [[direct democracy]]. A [[popular initiative]] may be formulated as a general proposal or - much more often - be put forward as a precise new text whose wording can no longer be changed by [[Parliament]] and the Government. Since 1987, voters may approve both the [[initiative]] and the [[counter-proposal]]. A deciding question determines which of the two texts will enter into force if both of them secure a popular majority and a majority of the [[States]]. Popular initiatives do not originate from the [[Parliament]] or [[Government]] but from the citizens themselves. See also: * [[International relations of Switzerland]] == Ba Kanton (Provinsi Fedelali) == ''Article molayi: [[Ba Kanton ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Schweiz graubuenden sent.jpg|right|180px|thumb|Wintertime view of [[Sent]], in the eastern canton of [[Graubünden]].]] The Swiss Confederation consists of 26 [[canton (subnational entity)|canton]]s: <table><tr valign=top><td> *[[Aargau]] (Argovia) *[[Appenzell Innerrhoden]] (Inner Rhodes) * *[[Appenzell Ausserrhoden]] (Outer Rhodes) * *[[Basel-Stadt]] (Basle-City) * *[[Basel-Landschaft]] (Basle-Country) * *[[Canton of Bern|Bern]] (Berne) *[[Canton of Fribourg|Fribourg]] (Freiburg) *[[Canton of Geneva|Geneva]] (Genève) *[[Canton of Glarus|Glarus]] *[[Graubünden]] (Grischun/Grigioni) *[[Canton of Jura|Jura]] *[[Canton of Lucerne|Lucerne]] (Luzern) *[[Canton of Neuchâtel|Neuchâtel]] <td> *[[Nidwalden]] * *[[Obwalden]] * *[[Canton of Schaffhausen|Schaffhausen]] *[[Canton of Schwyz|Schwyz]] *[[Canton of Solothurn|Solothurn]] (Soleure) *[[Canton of St. Gallen|St. Gallen]] (St. Gall) *[[Thurgau]] (Thurgovia) *[[Ticino]] *[[Canton of Uri|Uri]] *[[Valais]] (Wallis) *[[Vaud]] *[[Canton of Zug|Zug]] *[[Canton of Zurich|Zürich]] (Zurich) </table> <small>[*] these Cantons are represented by only one councilor in the [[Swiss Council of States|Council of States]]. The population varies between 15,000 (Appenzell Innerrhoden) and 1,253,500 (Zürich), area between 37 km² (Basel-Stadt) and 7,105 km² (Grisons). Cantons are divided in a total of [[municipalities of Switzerland|2,889 municipalities]]. The following are [[enclave]]s within Switzerland: [[Büsingen]] is territory of [[Germany]], [[Campione d'Italia]] is territory of [[Italy]]. == Jyografi == ''Main article: [[Jyografi ya Swiss]]'' [[Image:Map-of-Switzerland.png|thumb|right|Map of Switzerland (overview)]] With an area of 41,000 square kilometers, Switzerland is a small country. The population is around 7.4 million, resulting in a population density of 184 people per km² (roughly comparable to the [[USA|U. S.]] state of [[Maryland]]). The Swiss landscape is characterised by the [[Alps]], a high mountain range running across the central-south of the country. Amongst the high peaks of the [[Swiss Alps]], the highest of which is the [[Dufour Peak]] at [[1 E3 m|4,634 m]], are found countless valleys, some with [[glacier]]s. From these the headwaters of several major European rivers such as the [[Rhine]], the [[Rhone River|Rhône]], the [[Inn River|Inn]], the [[Aare]] or the [[Ticino River|Ticino]], flow down into lakes such as [[Lake Geneva]], [[Lake Zürich]], [[Lake Neuchâtel]], and [[Lake Constance]] and farther down. Switzerland is made up of the Swiss Alps, Mittelland, and Jura. [[Image:swissmap.png|thumb|left|Map of Switzerland (detailed)]] The northern, more populous part of the country is more open, but can still be fairly mountainous such as with the [[Jura Mountains]], a smaller range in the northwest. The Swiss [[climate]] is generally [[temperate climate|temperate]], but it can vary greatly locally, from the harsh conditions on the high mountains to the pleasant Mediterranean climate at Switzerland's southern tip. A zoomable map of Switzerland is available at either [http://www.swissinfo-geo.org www.swissinfo-geo.org] or [http://www.swissgeo.ch www.swissgeo.ch], a zoomable satellite picture at [http://map.search.ch/ map.search.ch]. <br style="clear:both;"/> ''See also:'' [[Swisstopo]] topographical survey, [[List of lakes of Switzerland]], [[List of rivers of Switzerland]], [[List of mountain passes in Switzerland]]. == Economy == ''Main article: [[Economy of Switzerland]]'' Switzerland is a prosperous and stable modern market economy with a per capita [[Gross Domestic Product|GDP]] higher than that of the big western European economies. Switzerland is a member of the [[European Free Trade Association]]. The Swiss in recent years have brought their economic practices largely into conformity with the [[European Union]]'s to enhance their international competitiveness. Full EU membership is a long-term objective of the Swiss government, but there is considerable popular sentiment against this. To this end, it has established an [http://www.europa.admin.ch/e/index.htm Integration Office] under the Department of Foreign and Economic Affairs. In order to minimise the negative consequences of Switzerland's isolation from the rest of Europe, Bern and Brussels signed seven agreements, called Bilateral Agreements I, to further liberalise trade ties in [[1999]] and entering into force in 2001. This first series of bilateral agreements included the free movement of persons. A second series covering nine areas was signed in 2004 and is waiting ratification. The second series includes the [[Schengen treaty]] and the [[Dublin Convention]]. They continue to discuss further areas for cooperation. Switzerland voted against membership in the [[European Economic Area]] in December 1992 and has since maintained and developed its relationships with the European Union and European countries via bilateral agreements. * [[List of Swiss companies]] == Demographics == ''Main article: [[Demographics of Switzerland]]'' [[Image:Swiss languages.png|thumb|The languages of Switzerland: <br>[[German language|German]] (63.7%; yellow), <br>[[French language|French]] (19.2%; purple), <br>[[Italian language|Italian]] (7.6%; green), <br>[[Romansh language|Romansh]] (0.6%; red)]] Switzerland sits at the crossroads of several major European cultures, which have heavily influenced the country's languages and cultural practices. Switzerland has four official languages: [[German language|German]] (64%; yellow) in the north and centre, [[French language|French]] (19%; purple) to the west, [[Italian language|Italian]] (8%; green) in the south, and finally [[Romansh language|Romansh]], a [[Romance language]] spoken by a small minority (<1%; red) in the southeastern canton of [[Graubünden]] and parts of [[Ticino]]. There is no obligation for the state to translate its communication in all four languages, so most communication is in three languages and only some very important documents are translated to Romansh. Indeed, in the parliament, German, French and Italian are the official languages and simultaneous translation is provided. The German spoken in Switzerland is predominantly a group of [[dialect]]s that are almost unintelligible to Germans and are collectively known as [[Swiss German]], but newspapers and some broadcasts use [[High German]], which is also the predominant language in the German part for any written communication. [[Swiss French]] and [[Swiss Italian]] differ far less from their counterparts spoken in France and Italy. Learning one of the other national languages is obligatory for all Swiss, so most Swiss speak two or more languages. It should also be noted that [[English]] is a Swiss [[lingua franca]], and, in fact, most, if not all Swiss, have some command of English. Many Swiss documents and websites are also available in English. Resident foreigners and temporary foreign workers make up about 20% of the population. The largest religion in Switzerland is [[Roman Catholicism]], to which some 43% of the population adhere. Various [[Protestant]] faiths number some 35% of the population, and immigration has established [[Islam]] (4%) and [[Eastern Orthodoxy]] (2%) as sizable minority religions. The remainder belongs to very small minorities or is unaffiliated. The stability and prosperity of Switzerland, combined with a linguistically and religiously diverse population has led some to describe the country as a consensus state or a [[consociational state]]. * [[List of Swiss people]] == Culture == ''Main article: [[Culture of Switzerland]]'' The culture of Switzerland is influenced by its neighbours, but over the years a distinctive culture with strong regional differences has developed. Traditionally Switzerland is not considered one of the centres of European culture, but this conception might be deceptive. A number of culturally active Swiss have chosen to move abroad, probably given the limited opportunities in their homeland. At the same time, the neutrality of Switzerland has attracted many creative people from all over the world. In war times the tradition of political asylum helped to attract artists, whilst recently low taxes seem predominant. Strong regionalism in Switzerland makes it difficult to speak of a homogenous Swiss culture. The influence of German, French and Italian culture on their neighbouring parts and the influence of Anglo-American culture cannot be denied. The Rhaeto-Romanic culture in the eastern mountains of Switzerland is robust. The Swiss are noted for their [[bank]]s, their [[chocolate]], their [[Swiss cheese|cheese]], their [[Swiss Army knife|pocket knives]], their [[watch|watches]] (particularly the famous [[Rolex]]), their private [[boarding school]]s and their strengths in engineering and the [[Culture of Switzerland#Science|sciences]]. The tallest building in Switzerland is the [[Basler Messeturm]]. * [[Music of Switzerland]] * [[Culture of Switzerland]] * [[Swiss cuisine]] * [[SRG SSR idée suisse]] * [[Switzerland in popular culture]] == Miscellaneous topics == * [[2004 in Switzerland]] * [[2005 in Switzerland]] * [[Communications in Switzerland]] * [[Data codes for Switzerland]] * [[Education in Switzerland]] * [[Enlargement of the European Union]] * [[List of cities in Switzerland]] * [[List of Swiss people]] * [[List of Switzerland-related topics]] * [[Military of Switzerland]] * [[Stamps and postal history of Switzerland]] * [[Swiss citizenship]] * [[Third country relationships with the EU]] * [[Transportation in Switzerland]] == External links == {{pic}} *Governmental websites **[http://www.admin.ch/ch/index.en.html The Federal Authorities] **[http://www.parlament.ch/e/homepage.htm The Swiss Parliament] **[http://www.bger.ch Federal Supreme Court] - (in German, French and Italian) **[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office] *[http://www.swissinfo.org/ Switzerland's news and information platform] - maintained by the public Swiss Broadcasting Corporation (in 9 languages) *[http://www.dhs.ch/ Historical Dictionary of Switzerland] - Country encyclopedia (in German, French and Italian) *[http://www.swissworld.org Swissworld] - an encyclopedic presentation of the country by the Swiss Confederation *[http://www.about.ch/ About.ch] - another presentation of the country *[http://www.earth-photography.com/Countries/Switzerland Switzerland Pictures] - Photos of cities and nature in Switzerland *[http://www.myswitzerland.com Switzerland Tourism] National tourist office *[http://www.culturelinks.ch/ Culturelinks.ch] - a portal giving access to Swiss culture websites *[http://www.are.ch Spatial Planning in Switzerland] Website of Swiss Federal Office for Spatial Development (land-use planning, transportation, sustainable development) *[[:als:|Alemannic Wikipedia]] {{Europe}} [[Category:Switzerland|*]] [[als:Schweiz]] [[af:Switserland]] [[ar:سويسرا]] [[ast:Suiza]] [[bg:Швейцария]] [[be:Швайцарыя]] [[ca:Suïssa]] [[cs:Švýcarsko]] [[cy:Y Swistir]] [[da:Schweiz]] [[de:Schweiz]] [[et:Šveits]] [[el:Ελβετία]] [[es:Suiza]] [[eo:Svislando]] [[fo:Sveis]] [[fr:Suisse]] [[fy:Switserlân]] [[ga:An Eilvéis]] [[gd:An Eilbheis]] [[gl:Suíza - Schweiz]] [[ko:스위스]] [[hr:Švicarska]] [[hu:Svájc]] [[ia:Suissa]] [[io:Suisia]] [[id:Swiss]] [[is:Sviss]] [[it:Svizzera]] [[he:שוויץ]] [[la:Helvetia]] [[lb:Schwäiz]] [[lt:Šveicarija]] [[li:Zwitserland]] [[zh-min-nan:Sūi-se]] [[mk:Швајцарија]] [[ms:Switzerland]] [[nl:Zwitserland]] [[nds:Swiez]] [[ja:スイス]] [[nb:Sveits]] [[nn:Sveits]] [[pl:Szwajcaria]] [[pt:Suíça]] [[ro:Elveţia]] [[rm:Svizra]] [[ru:Швейцария]] [[scn:Svizzira]] [[simple:Switzerland]] [[sk:Švajčiarsko]] [[sl:Švica]] [[sr:Швајцарска]] [[fi:Sveitsi]] [[sv:Schweiz]] [[tl:Switzerland]] [[th:ประเทศสวิตเซอร์แลนด์]] [[vi:Thụy Sĩ]] [[tr:İsviçre]] [[uk:Швейцарія]] [[yi:שװײץ]] [[zh:瑞士]] 5406 2005-07-18T10:30:47Z Themalau 22 [[Image:Carte suisse2.png|thumb|310px|right|Swisi]] The '''Swiss Confederation''' or '''Switzerland''' is a landlocked federal state in [[Europe]], which borders [[Germany]], [[France]], [[Italy]], [[Austria]] and [[Liechtenstein]]. The country has a strong tradition of [[neutral country|political and military neutrality]], but also of international co-operation, and is home to many international organisations. ''Confœderatio Helvetica'' (CH), the [[Latin]] version of the official name, avoids choosing one of the four official languages. The abbreviation is similarly used; for example, it is used as Switzerland's [[country code top-level domain|ccTLD]], [[.ch]]. {{Infobox_country| common_name = Switzerland | native_name = Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft<br>Confédération suisse<br>Confederazione Svizzera<br>Confederaziun Svizra<br>Confœderatio Helvetica| image_flag = Switzerland flag large.png | image_coat = Switzerland_CoA.png | image_map = LocationSwitzerland.png | national_motto = Unus pro omnibus, omnes pro uno<br>(English: One for all, all for one)| national_anthem = [[Swiss Psalm]] | official_languages = [[Alemani]], [[Lifalansé]], [[Italiano]], [[Romanshi]]| capital = [[Bern]] |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| largest_city = [[Zurich]] | government_type = [[Republiki Fedelali]] | leader_titles = [[Lisanga Fedelali ya Swisi|Lisanga Fedelali]]| leader_names = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[Moritz Leuenberger]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|VP 2005]])</small><br>[[Pascal Couchepin]]<br>[[Joseph Deiss]]<br>[[Samuel Schmid]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Micheline Calmy-Rey]]<br>[[Christoph Blocher]]<br>[[Hans-Rudolf Merz]]| area = 41,285|area_rank=132nd|area_magnitude=1 E10|percent_water=4.2| population_estimate = 7,399,100|population_estimate_year=2003|population_estimate_rank=92nd | population_density = 181|population_density_rank=44th | population_census = 7,288,010|population_census_year=2000| GDP_PPP = $233 billion|GDP_PPP_year=2003|GDP_PPP_rank=35th| GDP_nominal = $309 billion|GDP_nominal_year=2003|GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,186|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=8th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $42,138|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=3rd| sovereignty_type =[[Independence]] | established_events =- Declared<br> - Recognised<br>Federal state | established_dates =[[Lisakoli Fedelali ya 1921|Lisakoli Fedelali]]<br> [[August 1]], [[1291]]<br> [[October 24]], [[1648]]<br>[[1848]]| currency = [[Fran Swisi]]|currency_code=CHF| time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.ch]] | calling_code = 41| footnotes = | }} == History == ''Article ya molayi: [[Historia ya Swisi]]'' Switzerland is a federation of relatively autonomous [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]]s, some of which have a history of confederacy that goes back more than 700 years, arguably putting them among the world's oldest surviving [[republic]]s. According to the popular legend, in [[1291]], representatives of the '''[[three forest cantons]]''' of [[Canton of Uri|Uri]], [[Schwyz]], and [[Unterwalden]] signed the [[Federal Charter of 1291|Federal Charter]]. The charter united the involved parties in the struggle against foreign rule by the [[Habsburg]]s, who then held the German imperial throne of the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. At the [[Battle of Morgarten]] in [[1315]], the Swiss defeated the Habsburg army and secured quasi-independence as the Swiss Confederation. The authenticity of the Federal Charter is disputed with many historians agreeing that it is in fact a forgery of the [[14th century]]. By [[1353]], the three original cantons had been joined by the cantons of [[Glarus]] and [[Zug]] and the city states of [[Lucerne]], [[Zürich]] and [[Berne]], forming the "Old Federation" of eight states that persisted during much of the [[15th century]] (although Zürich was expelled from the confederation during the [[1440s]] due to a territorial conflict) and led to a significant increase of power and wealth of the federation, in particular due to the victories over [[Charles the Bold]] of [[Burgundy]] during the [[1470s]], and the success of the Swiss [[mercenary|mercenaries]]. The traditional listing order of the [[cantons of Switzerland]] reflects this state, listing the eight "Old Cantons" first, with the city states preceding the founding cantons, followed by cantons that joined the federation after [[1481]], in historical order. The Swiss victory in a war against the [[Swabian League]] in [[1499]] amounted to de facto independence from the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. In [[1506]], Pope [[Julius II]] engaged the [[Swiss Guard]] that continues to serve the [[Vatican]] to the present day. The expansion of the federation, and the reputation of invincibility acquired during the earlier wars, suffered a first setback in [[1515]] with the Swiss defeat in the [[Battle of Marignano]]. The success of [[Zwingli]]'s [[Reformation]] in some cantons led to inter-cantonal wars in [[1529]] and [[1531]] (''Kappeler Kriege''). The conflict between Catholic and Protestant cantons persisted, erupting in further violence at the [[battles of Villmergen]] in [[1656]] and [[1712]]. [[Image:Stumpf-Chronik-Zug.png|left|200px|thumb|1548 view of [[Zug]]]] Under the [[Treaty of Westphalia]] in [[1648]], European countries recognised Switzerland's independence from the Holy Roman Empire and its [[neutral country|neutrality]] (''ancien r&eacute;gime''). In [[1798]], armies of the [[French Revolution]] conquered Switzerland and in [[1803]], [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] imposed a new constitution, largely restoring Swiss autonomy. The [[Congress of Vienna]] in [[1815]] fully re-established Swiss independence and the European powers agreed to permanently recognise the Swiss neutrality. At this time, the territory of Switzerland was increased for the last time, by the new cantons of [[Valais]], [[Canton of Neuchâtel|Neuchatel]] and [[Canton of Geneva|Geneva]]. In [[1847]], a civil war broke out between the Catholic and the Protestant cantons (''Sonderbundskrieg''). Its immediate cause was a 'special treaty' (''[[Sonderbund]]'') of the Catholic cantons. The war lasted for less than a month, causing fewer than 100 casualties. Apart from small riots, this was the latest armed conflict on Swiss territory. As a consequence of the civil war, Switzerland adopted a federal [[constitution]] in [[1848]], amending it extensively in [[1874]] and establishing federal responsibility for defence, trade, and legal matters. In [[1891]], the constitution was revised with unusually strong elements of [[direct democracy]], which remains unique even today. Since then, continued political, economic, and social improvement has characterised Swiss history. In [[1920]], Switzerland joined the [[League of Nations]], and in [[1963]] the [[Council of Europe]]. Switzerland proclaimed neutrality in [[World War I]] and was not involved militarily in the conflict. Neutrality was again proclaimed in [[World War II]], and although a German intervention was both planned and anticipated, it ultimately didn't occur. The massive mobilization of Swiss armed forces under the leadership of General [[Henri Guisan]] is often cited as a decisive factor that the German invasion was never initiated. Modern historical findings, such as the research done by the [[Bergier commission]], indicate that another major factor was the continued trade by Swiss banks with Nazi Germany. Women were granted the right to vote in the first cantons in [[1959]], at the federal level in [[1971]], in the last canton only in [[1990]]. In [[1979]], parts of the canton of [[Berne]] attained independence, forming the new [[canton of Jura]]. On April 18, [[1999]] the Swiss population and the cantons voted in favor of a completely revised federal [[constitution]]. In [[2002]] Switzerland became a full member of the [[United Nations]], leaving the [[Vatican]] as the last widely recognized state without full UN membership. Switzerland is not a member state of the [[EU]] but applied for membership therein in May 1992. Switzerland has not advanced this application since the rejection, by referendum, of the [[European Economic Area]] in December 1992. However, Swiss law is gradually being adjusted to that of the EU and the government has signed a number of [[bilateral agreements]] with the European Union. Switzerland (together with [[Liechtenstein]]) has been surrounded by the EU since [[Austria|Austria's]] membership in [[1995]]. On June 5, [[2005]], Swiss voters agreed, by a 55% majority, to join the [[Schengen treaty]], a result that was welcomed by EU commentators as a sign of goodwill by a Switzerland that is traditionally perceived as isolationist. == Politiki == ''Main article: [[Politiki ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Curia Confoederationis Heleticae - Swiss parliament and government.jpg|right|200px|thumb|[[Curia Confoederationis Helveticae]] in [[Bern]]]] Switzerland features a system of government unlike any other seen in [[Europe]], or indeed much of the world. The bicameral Swiss [[parliament]], the Federal Assembly, is the primary seat of power, apart from the Federal Council. Both houses, the [[Swiss Council of States|Council of States]] and the [[National Council of Switzerland|National Council]], have equal powers in all respects, including the right to introduce legislation. Under the [[1999]] [[constitution]], cantons hold all powers not specifically delegated to the federation. The 46 members of the Council of States (two from each canton and one from former half cantons) are directly elected in each canton, whereas the 200 members of the National Council are elected directly under a system of [[proportional representation]]. Members of both houses serve for 4 years. Through [[referenda]] citizens may challenge any law voted by federal parliament and through [[initiative]]s introduce amendments to the federal constitution, making Switzerland a [[semi-direct democracy]]. The top [[executive]] body and collective [[Head of State]] is the [[Swiss Federal Council|Federal Council]], a collegial body of seven members. Although the constitution provides that the Assembly elects and supervises the members of the Council, the latter (and its administration) has gradually assumed a preeminent role in directing the [[legislative]] process as well as executing federal laws. The [[President of the Swiss Confederation|President of the Confederation]] is elected from the seven. During a one year term, s/he assumes special representative functions. From 1959 to December 2003, the four major parties were represented in the Federal Council according to the "magic formula", proportional to their representation in federal parliament: 2 [[Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland|Christian Democrats (CVP/PDC)]], 2 from the [[Social Democratic Party of Switzerland|Social Democrats (SPS/PSS)]], 2 [[Radical Free Democratic Party of Switzerland|Free Democrats (FDP/PRD)]], and 1 from the [[Swiss People's Party|Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC)]]. This traditional distribution of seats, however, is not backed up by any law, and in the 2003 elections to the Federal Council the CVP/PDC lost their second seat to the SVP/UDC. The function of the [[Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland|Federal Supreme Court]] is to hear appeals of cantonal courts or the administrative rulings of the federal administration. The judges are elected by the Federal Assembly for six-year terms. Citizens may seek a decision on an [[amendment]] they want to make to the Constitution. For such an amendment initiative to be organized,the signatures of 100,000 voters must be collected within 18 months. They are the driving force behind [[direct democracy]]. A [[popular initiative]] may be formulated as a general proposal or - much more often - be put forward as a precise new text whose wording can no longer be changed by [[Parliament]] and the Government. Since 1987, voters may approve both the [[initiative]] and the [[counter-proposal]]. A deciding question determines which of the two texts will enter into force if both of them secure a popular majority and a majority of the [[States]]. Popular initiatives do not originate from the [[Parliament]] or [[Government]] but from the citizens themselves. See also: * [[International relations of Switzerland]] == Ba Kanton (Provinsi Fedelali) == ''Article molayi: [[Ba Kanton ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Schweiz graubuenden sent.jpg|right|180px|thumb|Wintertime view of [[Sent]], in the eastern canton of [[Graubünden]].]] The Swiss Confederation consists of 26 [[canton (subnational entity)|canton]]s: <table><tr valign=top><td> *[[Aargau]] (Argovia) *[[Appenzell Innerrhoden]] (Inner Rhodes) * *[[Appenzell Ausserrhoden]] (Outer Rhodes) * *[[Basel-Stadt]] (Basle-City) * *[[Basel-Landschaft]] (Basle-Country) * *[[Canton of Bern|Bern]] (Berne) *[[Canton of Fribourg|Fribourg]] (Freiburg) *[[Canton of Geneva|Geneva]] (Genève) *[[Canton of Glarus|Glarus]] *[[Graubünden]] (Grischun/Grigioni) *[[Canton of Jura|Jura]] *[[Canton of Lucerne|Lucerne]] (Luzern) *[[Canton of Neuchâtel|Neuchâtel]] <td> *[[Nidwalden]] * *[[Obwalden]] * *[[Canton of Schaffhausen|Schaffhausen]] *[[Canton of Schwyz|Schwyz]] *[[Canton of Solothurn|Solothurn]] (Soleure) *[[Canton of St. Gallen|St. Gallen]] (St. Gall) *[[Thurgau]] (Thurgovia) *[[Ticino]] *[[Canton of Uri|Uri]] *[[Valais]] (Wallis) *[[Vaud]] *[[Canton of Zug|Zug]] *[[Canton of Zurich|Zürich]] (Zurich) </table> <small>[*] these Cantons are represented by only one councilor in the [[Swiss Council of States|Council of States]]. The population varies between 15,000 (Appenzell Innerrhoden) and 1,253,500 (Zürich), area between 37 km² (Basel-Stadt) and 7,105 km² (Grisons). Cantons are divided in a total of [[municipalities of Switzerland|2,889 municipalities]]. The following are [[enclave]]s within Switzerland: [[Büsingen]] is territory of [[Germany]], [[Campione d'Italia]] is territory of [[Italy]]. == Jyografi == ''Main article: [[Jyografi ya Swiss]]'' [[Image:Map-of-Switzerland.png|thumb|right|Map of Switzerland (overview)]] With an area of 41,000 square kilometers, Switzerland is a small country. The population is around 7.4 million, resulting in a population density of 184 people per km² (roughly comparable to the [[USA|U. S.]] state of [[Maryland]]). The Swiss landscape is characterised by the [[Alps]], a high mountain range running across the central-south of the country. Amongst the high peaks of the [[Swiss Alps]], the highest of which is the [[Dufour Peak]] at [[1 E3 m|4,634 m]], are found countless valleys, some with [[glacier]]s. From these the headwaters of several major European rivers such as the [[Rhine]], the [[Rhone River|Rhône]], the [[Inn River|Inn]], the [[Aare]] or the [[Ticino River|Ticino]], flow down into lakes such as [[Lake Geneva]], [[Lake Zürich]], [[Lake Neuchâtel]], and [[Lake Constance]] and farther down. Switzerland is made up of the Swiss Alps, Mittelland, and Jura. [[Image:swissmap.png|thumb|left|Map of Switzerland (detailed)]] The northern, more populous part of the country is more open, but can still be fairly mountainous such as with the [[Jura Mountains]], a smaller range in the northwest. The Swiss [[climate]] is generally [[temperate climate|temperate]], but it can vary greatly locally, from the harsh conditions on the high mountains to the pleasant Mediterranean climate at Switzerland's southern tip. A zoomable map of Switzerland is available at either [http://www.swissinfo-geo.org www.swissinfo-geo.org] or [http://www.swissgeo.ch www.swissgeo.ch], a zoomable satellite picture at [http://map.search.ch/ map.search.ch]. <br style="clear:both;"/> ''See also:'' [[Swisstopo]] topographical survey, [[List of lakes of Switzerland]], [[List of rivers of Switzerland]], [[List of mountain passes in Switzerland]]. == Economy == ''Main article: [[Economy of Switzerland]]'' Switzerland is a prosperous and stable modern market economy with a per capita [[Gross Domestic Product|GDP]] higher than that of the big western European economies. Switzerland is a member of the [[European Free Trade Association]]. The Swiss in recent years have brought their economic practices largely into conformity with the [[European Union]]'s to enhance their international competitiveness. Full EU membership is a long-term objective of the Swiss government, but there is considerable popular sentiment against this. To this end, it has established an [http://www.europa.admin.ch/e/index.htm Integration Office] under the Department of Foreign and Economic Affairs. In order to minimise the negative consequences of Switzerland's isolation from the rest of Europe, Bern and Brussels signed seven agreements, called Bilateral Agreements I, to further liberalise trade ties in [[1999]] and entering into force in 2001. This first series of bilateral agreements included the free movement of persons. A second series covering nine areas was signed in 2004 and is waiting ratification. The second series includes the [[Schengen treaty]] and the [[Dublin Convention]]. They continue to discuss further areas for cooperation. Switzerland voted against membership in the [[European Economic Area]] in December 1992 and has since maintained and developed its relationships with the European Union and European countries via bilateral agreements. * [[List of Swiss companies]] == Demographics == ''Main article: [[Demographics of Switzerland]]'' [[Image:Swiss languages.png|thumb|The languages of Switzerland: <br>[[German language|German]] (63.7%; yellow), <br>[[French language|French]] (19.2%; purple), <br>[[Italian language|Italian]] (7.6%; green), <br>[[Romansh language|Romansh]] (0.6%; red)]] Switzerland sits at the crossroads of several major European cultures, which have heavily influenced the country's languages and cultural practices. Switzerland has four official languages: [[German language|German]] (64%; yellow) in the north and centre, [[French language|French]] (19%; purple) to the west, [[Italian language|Italian]] (8%; green) in the south, and finally [[Romansh language|Romansh]], a [[Romance language]] spoken by a small minority (<1%; red) in the southeastern canton of [[Graubünden]] and parts of [[Ticino]]. There is no obligation for the state to translate its communication in all four languages, so most communication is in three languages and only some very important documents are translated to Romansh. Indeed, in the parliament, German, French and Italian are the official languages and simultaneous translation is provided. The German spoken in Switzerland is predominantly a group of [[dialect]]s that are almost unintelligible to Germans and are collectively known as [[Swiss German]], but newspapers and some broadcasts use [[High German]], which is also the predominant language in the German part for any written communication. [[Swiss French]] and [[Swiss Italian]] differ far less from their counterparts spoken in France and Italy. Learning one of the other national languages is obligatory for all Swiss, so most Swiss speak two or more languages. It should also be noted that [[English]] is a Swiss [[lingua franca]], and, in fact, most, if not all Swiss, have some command of English. Many Swiss documents and websites are also available in English. Resident foreigners and temporary foreign workers make up about 20% of the population. The largest religion in Switzerland is [[Roman Catholicism]], to which some 43% of the population adhere. Various [[Protestant]] faiths number some 35% of the population, and immigration has established [[Islam]] (4%) and [[Eastern Orthodoxy]] (2%) as sizable minority religions. The remainder belongs to very small minorities or is unaffiliated. The stability and prosperity of Switzerland, combined with a linguistically and religiously diverse population has led some to describe the country as a consensus state or a [[consociational state]]. * [[List of Swiss people]] == Culture == ''Main article: [[Culture of Switzerland]]'' The culture of Switzerland is influenced by its neighbours, but over the years a distinctive culture with strong regional differences has developed. Traditionally Switzerland is not considered one of the centres of European culture, but this conception might be deceptive. A number of culturally active Swiss have chosen to move abroad, probably given the limited opportunities in their homeland. At the same time, the neutrality of Switzerland has attracted many creative people from all over the world. In war times the tradition of political asylum helped to attract artists, whilst recently low taxes seem predominant. Strong regionalism in Switzerland makes it difficult to speak of a homogenous Swiss culture. The influence of German, French and Italian culture on their neighbouring parts and the influence of Anglo-American culture cannot be denied. The Rhaeto-Romanic culture in the eastern mountains of Switzerland is robust. The Swiss are noted for their [[bank]]s, their [[chocolate]], their [[Swiss cheese|cheese]], their [[Swiss Army knife|pocket knives]], their [[watch|watches]] (particularly the famous [[Rolex]]), their private [[boarding school]]s and their strengths in engineering and the [[Culture of Switzerland#Science|sciences]]. The tallest building in Switzerland is the [[Basler Messeturm]]. * [[Music of Switzerland]] * [[Culture of Switzerland]] * [[Swiss cuisine]] * [[SRG SSR idée suisse]] * [[Switzerland in popular culture]] == Miscellaneous topics == * [[2004 in Switzerland]] * [[2005 in Switzerland]] * [[Communications in Switzerland]] * [[Data codes for Switzerland]] * [[Education in Switzerland]] * [[Enlargement of the European Union]] * [[List of cities in Switzerland]] * [[List of Swiss people]] * [[List of Switzerland-related topics]] * [[Military of Switzerland]] * [[Stamps and postal history of Switzerland]] * [[Swiss citizenship]] * [[Third country relationships with the EU]] * [[Transportation in Switzerland]] == External links == {{pic}} *Governmental websites **[http://www.admin.ch/ch/index.en.html The Federal Authorities] **[http://www.parlament.ch/e/homepage.htm The Swiss Parliament] **[http://www.bger.ch Federal Supreme Court] - (in German, French and Italian) **[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office] *[http://www.swissinfo.org/ Switzerland's news and information platform] - maintained by the public Swiss Broadcasting Corporation (in 9 languages) *[http://www.dhs.ch/ Historical Dictionary of Switzerland] - Country encyclopedia (in German, French and Italian) *[http://www.swissworld.org Swissworld] - an encyclopedic presentation of the country by the Swiss Confederation *[http://www.about.ch/ About.ch] - another presentation of the country *[http://www.earth-photography.com/Countries/Switzerland Switzerland Pictures] - Photos of cities and nature in Switzerland *[http://www.myswitzerland.com Switzerland Tourism] National tourist office *[http://www.culturelinks.ch/ Culturelinks.ch] - a portal giving access to Swiss culture websites *[http://www.are.ch Spatial Planning in Switzerland] Website of Swiss Federal Office for Spatial Development (land-use planning, transportation, sustainable development) *[[:als:|Alemannic Wikipedia]] {{Europe}} [[Category:Switzerland|*]] [[als:Schweiz]] [[af:Switserland]] [[ar:سويسرا]] [[ast:Suiza]] [[bg:Швейцария]] [[be:Швайцарыя]] [[ca:Suïssa]] [[cs:Švýcarsko]] [[cy:Y Swistir]] [[da:Schweiz]] [[de:Schweiz]] [[et:Šveits]] [[el:Ελβετία]] [[es:Suiza]] [[eo:Svislando]] [[fo:Sveis]] [[fr:Suisse]] [[fy:Switserlân]] [[ga:An Eilvéis]] [[gd:An Eilbheis]] [[gl:Suíza - Schweiz]] [[ko:스위스]] [[hr:Švicarska]] [[hu:Svájc]] [[ia:Suissa]] [[io:Suisia]] [[id:Swiss]] [[is:Sviss]] [[it:Svizzera]] [[he:שוויץ]] [[la:Helvetia]] [[lb:Schwäiz]] [[lt:Šveicarija]] [[li:Zwitserland]] [[zh-min-nan:Sūi-se]] [[mk:Швајцарија]] [[ms:Switzerland]] [[nl:Zwitserland]] [[nds:Swiez]] [[ja:スイス]] [[nb:Sveits]] [[nn:Sveits]] [[pl:Szwajcaria]] [[pt:Suíça]] [[ro:Elveţia]] [[rm:Svizra]] [[ru:Швейцария]] [[scn:Svizzira]] [[simple:Switzerland]] [[sk:Švajčiarsko]] [[sl:Švica]] [[sr:Швајцарска]] [[fi:Sveitsi]] [[sv:Schweiz]] [[tl:Switzerland]] [[th:ประเทศสวิตเซอร์แลนด์]] [[vi:Thụy Sĩ]] [[tr:İsviçre]] [[uk:Швейцарія]] [[yi:שװײץ]] [[zh:瑞士]] 5411 2005-07-18T10:49:41Z Themalau 22 The '''Swiss Confederation''' or '''Switzerland''' is a landlocked federal state in [[Europe]], which borders [[Germany]], [[France]], [[Italy]], [[Austria]] and [[Liechtenstein]]. The country has a strong tradition of [[neutral country|political and military neutrality]], but also of international co-operation, and is home to many international organisations. ''Confœderatio Helvetica'' (CH), the [[Latin]] version of the official name, avoids choosing one of the four official languages. The abbreviation is similarly used; for example, it is used as Switzerland's [[country code top-level domain|ccTLD]], [[.ch]]. {{Infobox_country| common_name = Switzerland | native_name = Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft<br>Confédération suisse<br>Confederazione Svizzera<br>Confederaziun Svizra<br>Confœderatio Helvetica| image_flag = Switzerland flag large.png | image_coat = Switzerland_CoA.png | image_map = LocationSwitzerland.png | national_motto = Unus pro omnibus, omnes pro uno<br>(English: One for all, all for one)| national_anthem = [[Swiss Psalm]] | official_languages = [[Alemani]], [[Lifalansé]], [[Italiano]], [[Romanshi]]| capital = [[Bern]] |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| largest_city = [[Zurich]] | government_type = [[Republiki Fedelali]] | leader_titles = [[Lisanga Fedelali ya Swisi|Lisanga Fedelali]]| leader_names = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[Moritz Leuenberger]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|VP 2005]])</small><br>[[Pascal Couchepin]]<br>[[Joseph Deiss]]<br>[[Samuel Schmid]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Micheline Calmy-Rey]]<br>[[Christoph Blocher]]<br>[[Hans-Rudolf Merz]]| area = 41,285|area_rank=132nd|area_magnitude=1 E10|percent_water=4.2| population_estimate = 7,399,100|population_estimate_year=2003|population_estimate_rank=92nd | population_density = 181|population_density_rank=44th | population_census = 7,288,010|population_census_year=2000| GDP_PPP = $233 billion|GDP_PPP_year=2003|GDP_PPP_rank=35th| GDP_nominal = $309 billion|GDP_nominal_year=2003|GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,186|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=8th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $42,138|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=3rd| sovereignty_type =[[Independence]] | established_events =- Declared<br> - Recognised<br>Federal state | established_dates =[[Lisakoli Fedelali ya 1921|Lisakoli Fedelali]]<br> [[August 1]], [[1291]]<br> [[October 24]], [[1648]]<br>[[1848]]| currency = [[Fran Swisi]]|currency_code=CHF| time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.ch]] | calling_code = 41| footnotes = | }} == History == ''Article ya molayi: [[Historia ya Swisi]]'' Switzerland is a federation of relatively autonomous [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]]s, some of which have a history of confederacy that goes back more than 700 years, arguably putting them among the world's oldest surviving [[republic]]s. According to the popular legend, in [[1291]], representatives of the '''[[three forest cantons]]''' of [[Canton of Uri|Uri]], [[Schwyz]], and [[Unterwalden]] signed the [[Federal Charter of 1291|Federal Charter]]. The charter united the involved parties in the struggle against foreign rule by the [[Habsburg]]s, who then held the German imperial throne of the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. At the [[Battle of Morgarten]] in [[1315]], the Swiss defeated the Habsburg army and secured quasi-independence as the Swiss Confederation. The authenticity of the Federal Charter is disputed with many historians agreeing that it is in fact a forgery of the [[14th century]]. By [[1353]], the three original cantons had been joined by the cantons of [[Glarus]] and [[Zug]] and the city states of [[Lucerne]], [[Zürich]] and [[Berne]], forming the "Old Federation" of eight states that persisted during much of the [[15th century]] (although Zürich was expelled from the confederation during the [[1440s]] due to a territorial conflict) and led to a significant increase of power and wealth of the federation, in particular due to the victories over [[Charles the Bold]] of [[Burgundy]] during the [[1470s]], and the success of the Swiss [[mercenary|mercenaries]]. The traditional listing order of the [[cantons of Switzerland]] reflects this state, listing the eight "Old Cantons" first, with the city states preceding the founding cantons, followed by cantons that joined the federation after [[1481]], in historical order. The Swiss victory in a war against the [[Swabian League]] in [[1499]] amounted to de facto independence from the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. In [[1506]], Pope [[Julius II]] engaged the [[Swiss Guard]] that continues to serve the [[Vatican]] to the present day. The expansion of the federation, and the reputation of invincibility acquired during the earlier wars, suffered a first setback in [[1515]] with the Swiss defeat in the [[Battle of Marignano]]. The success of [[Zwingli]]'s [[Reformation]] in some cantons led to inter-cantonal wars in [[1529]] and [[1531]] (''Kappeler Kriege''). The conflict between Catholic and Protestant cantons persisted, erupting in further violence at the [[battles of Villmergen]] in [[1656]] and [[1712]]. [[Image:Stumpf-Chronik-Zug.png|left|200px|thumb|1548 view of [[Zug]]]] Under the [[Treaty of Westphalia]] in [[1648]], European countries recognised Switzerland's independence from the Holy Roman Empire and its [[neutral country|neutrality]] (''ancien r&eacute;gime''). In [[1798]], armies of the [[French Revolution]] conquered Switzerland and in [[1803]], [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] imposed a new constitution, largely restoring Swiss autonomy. The [[Congress of Vienna]] in [[1815]] fully re-established Swiss independence and the European powers agreed to permanently recognise the Swiss neutrality. At this time, the territory of Switzerland was increased for the last time, by the new cantons of [[Valais]], [[Canton of Neuchâtel|Neuchatel]] and [[Canton of Geneva|Geneva]]. In [[1847]], a civil war broke out between the Catholic and the Protestant cantons (''Sonderbundskrieg''). Its immediate cause was a 'special treaty' (''[[Sonderbund]]'') of the Catholic cantons. The war lasted for less than a month, causing fewer than 100 casualties. Apart from small riots, this was the latest armed conflict on Swiss territory. As a consequence of the civil war, Switzerland adopted a federal [[constitution]] in [[1848]], amending it extensively in [[1874]] and establishing federal responsibility for defence, trade, and legal matters. In [[1891]], the constitution was revised with unusually strong elements of [[direct democracy]], which remains unique even today. Since then, continued political, economic, and social improvement has characterised Swiss history. In [[1920]], Switzerland joined the [[League of Nations]], and in [[1963]] the [[Council of Europe]]. Switzerland proclaimed neutrality in [[World War I]] and was not involved militarily in the conflict. Neutrality was again proclaimed in [[World War II]], and although a German intervention was both planned and anticipated, it ultimately didn't occur. The massive mobilization of Swiss armed forces under the leadership of General [[Henri Guisan]] is often cited as a decisive factor that the German invasion was never initiated. Modern historical findings, such as the research done by the [[Bergier commission]], indicate that another major factor was the continued trade by Swiss banks with Nazi Germany. Women were granted the right to vote in the first cantons in [[1959]], at the federal level in [[1971]], in the last canton only in [[1990]]. In [[1979]], parts of the canton of [[Berne]] attained independence, forming the new [[canton of Jura]]. On April 18, [[1999]] the Swiss population and the cantons voted in favor of a completely revised federal [[constitution]]. In [[2002]] Switzerland became a full member of the [[United Nations]], leaving the [[Vatican]] as the last widely recognized state without full UN membership. Switzerland is not a member state of the [[EU]] but applied for membership therein in May 1992. Switzerland has not advanced this application since the rejection, by referendum, of the [[European Economic Area]] in December 1992. However, Swiss law is gradually being adjusted to that of the EU and the government has signed a number of [[bilateral agreements]] with the European Union. Switzerland (together with [[Liechtenstein]]) has been surrounded by the EU since [[Austria|Austria's]] membership in [[1995]]. On June 5, [[2005]], Swiss voters agreed, by a 55% majority, to join the [[Schengen treaty]], a result that was welcomed by EU commentators as a sign of goodwill by a Switzerland that is traditionally perceived as isolationist. [[Image:Carte suisse2.png|thumb|310px|right|Swisi]] == Politiki == ''Main article: [[Politiki ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Curia Confoederationis Heleticae - Swiss parliament and government.jpg|right|200px|thumb|[[Curia Confoederationis Helveticae]] in [[Bern]]]] Switzerland features a system of government unlike any other seen in [[Europe]], or indeed much of the world. The bicameral Swiss [[parliament]], the Federal Assembly, is the primary seat of power, apart from the Federal Council. Both houses, the [[Swiss Council of States|Council of States]] and the [[National Council of Switzerland|National Council]], have equal powers in all respects, including the right to introduce legislation. Under the [[1999]] [[constitution]], cantons hold all powers not specifically delegated to the federation. The 46 members of the Council of States (two from each canton and one from former half cantons) are directly elected in each canton, whereas the 200 members of the National Council are elected directly under a system of [[proportional representation]]. Members of both houses serve for 4 years. Through [[referenda]] citizens may challenge any law voted by federal parliament and through [[initiative]]s introduce amendments to the federal constitution, making Switzerland a [[semi-direct democracy]]. The top [[executive]] body and collective [[Head of State]] is the [[Swiss Federal Council|Federal Council]], a collegial body of seven members. Although the constitution provides that the Assembly elects and supervises the members of the Council, the latter (and its administration) has gradually assumed a preeminent role in directing the [[legislative]] process as well as executing federal laws. The [[President of the Swiss Confederation|President of the Confederation]] is elected from the seven. During a one year term, s/he assumes special representative functions. From 1959 to December 2003, the four major parties were represented in the Federal Council according to the "magic formula", proportional to their representation in federal parliament: 2 [[Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland|Christian Democrats (CVP/PDC)]], 2 from the [[Social Democratic Party of Switzerland|Social Democrats (SPS/PSS)]], 2 [[Radical Free Democratic Party of Switzerland|Free Democrats (FDP/PRD)]], and 1 from the [[Swiss People's Party|Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC)]]. This traditional distribution of seats, however, is not backed up by any law, and in the 2003 elections to the Federal Council the CVP/PDC lost their second seat to the SVP/UDC. The function of the [[Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland|Federal Supreme Court]] is to hear appeals of cantonal courts or the administrative rulings of the federal administration. The judges are elected by the Federal Assembly for six-year terms. Citizens may seek a decision on an [[amendment]] they want to make to the Constitution. For such an amendment initiative to be organized,the signatures of 100,000 voters must be collected within 18 months. They are the driving force behind [[direct democracy]]. A [[popular initiative]] may be formulated as a general proposal or - much more often - be put forward as a precise new text whose wording can no longer be changed by [[Parliament]] and the Government. Since 1987, voters may approve both the [[initiative]] and the [[counter-proposal]]. A deciding question determines which of the two texts will enter into force if both of them secure a popular majority and a majority of the [[States]]. Popular initiatives do not originate from the [[Parliament]] or [[Government]] but from the citizens themselves. See also: * [[International relations of Switzerland]] == Ba Kanton (Provinsi Fedelali) == ''Article molayi: [[Ba Kanton ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Schweiz graubuenden sent.jpg|right|180px|thumb|Wintertime view of [[Sent]], in the eastern canton of [[Graubünden]].]] The Swiss Confederation consists of 26 [[canton (subnational entity)|canton]]s: <table><tr valign=top><td> *[[Aargau]] (Argovia) *[[Appenzell Innerrhoden]] (Inner Rhodes) * *[[Appenzell Ausserrhoden]] (Outer Rhodes) * *[[Basel-Stadt]] (Basle-City) * *[[Basel-Landschaft]] (Basle-Country) * *[[Canton of Bern|Bern]] (Berne) *[[Canton of Fribourg|Fribourg]] (Freiburg) *[[Canton of Geneva|Geneva]] (Genève) *[[Canton of Glarus|Glarus]] *[[Graubünden]] (Grischun/Grigioni) *[[Canton of Jura|Jura]] *[[Canton of Lucerne|Lucerne]] (Luzern) *[[Canton of Neuchâtel|Neuchâtel]] <td> *[[Nidwalden]] * *[[Obwalden]] * *[[Canton of Schaffhausen|Schaffhausen]] *[[Canton of Schwyz|Schwyz]] *[[Canton of Solothurn|Solothurn]] (Soleure) *[[Canton of St. Gallen|St. Gallen]] (St. Gall) *[[Thurgau]] (Thurgovia) *[[Ticino]] *[[Canton of Uri|Uri]] *[[Valais]] (Wallis) *[[Vaud]] *[[Canton of Zug|Zug]] *[[Canton of Zurich|Zürich]] (Zurich) </table> <small>[*] these Cantons are represented by only one councilor in the [[Swiss Council of States|Council of States]]. The population varies between 15,000 (Appenzell Innerrhoden) and 1,253,500 (Zürich), area between 37 km² (Basel-Stadt) and 7,105 km² (Grisons). Cantons are divided in a total of [[municipalities of Switzerland|2,889 municipalities]]. The following are [[enclave]]s within Switzerland: [[Büsingen]] is territory of [[Germany]], [[Campione d'Italia]] is territory of [[Italy]]. == Jyografi == ''Main article: [[Jyografi ya Swiss]]'' [[Image:Map-of-Switzerland.png|thumb|right|Map of Switzerland (overview)]] With an area of 41,000 square kilometers, Switzerland is a small country. The population is around 7.4 million, resulting in a population density of 184 people per km² (roughly comparable to the [[USA|U. S.]] state of [[Maryland]]). The Swiss landscape is characterised by the [[Alps]], a high mountain range running across the central-south of the country. Amongst the high peaks of the [[Swiss Alps]], the highest of which is the [[Dufour Peak]] at [[1 E3 m|4,634 m]], are found countless valleys, some with [[glacier]]s. From these the headwaters of several major European rivers such as the [[Rhine]], the [[Rhone River|Rhône]], the [[Inn River|Inn]], the [[Aare]] or the [[Ticino River|Ticino]], flow down into lakes such as [[Lake Geneva]], [[Lake Zürich]], [[Lake Neuchâtel]], and [[Lake Constance]] and farther down. Switzerland is made up of the Swiss Alps, Mittelland, and Jura. [[Image:swissmap.png|thumb|left|Map of Switzerland (detailed)]] The northern, more populous part of the country is more open, but can still be fairly mountainous such as with the [[Jura Mountains]], a smaller range in the northwest. The Swiss [[climate]] is generally [[temperate climate|temperate]], but it can vary greatly locally, from the harsh conditions on the high mountains to the pleasant Mediterranean climate at Switzerland's southern tip. A zoomable map of Switzerland is available at either [http://www.swissinfo-geo.org www.swissinfo-geo.org] or [http://www.swissgeo.ch www.swissgeo.ch], a zoomable satellite picture at [http://map.search.ch/ map.search.ch]. <br style="clear:both;"/> ''See also:'' [[Swisstopo]] topographical survey, [[List of lakes of Switzerland]], [[List of rivers of Switzerland]], [[List of mountain passes in Switzerland]]. == Economy == ''Main article: [[Economy of Switzerland]]'' Switzerland is a prosperous and stable modern market economy with a per capita [[Gross Domestic Product|GDP]] higher than that of the big western European economies. Switzerland is a member of the [[European Free Trade Association]]. The Swiss in recent years have brought their economic practices largely into conformity with the [[European Union]]'s to enhance their international competitiveness. Full EU membership is a long-term objective of the Swiss government, but there is considerable popular sentiment against this. To this end, it has established an [http://www.europa.admin.ch/e/index.htm Integration Office] under the Department of Foreign and Economic Affairs. In order to minimise the negative consequences of Switzerland's isolation from the rest of Europe, Bern and Brussels signed seven agreements, called Bilateral Agreements I, to further liberalise trade ties in [[1999]] and entering into force in 2001. This first series of bilateral agreements included the free movement of persons. A second series covering nine areas was signed in 2004 and is waiting ratification. The second series includes the [[Schengen treaty]] and the [[Dublin Convention]]. They continue to discuss further areas for cooperation. Switzerland voted against membership in the [[European Economic Area]] in December 1992 and has since maintained and developed its relationships with the European Union and European countries via bilateral agreements. * [[List of Swiss companies]] == Demographics == ''Main article: [[Demographics of Switzerland]]'' [[Image:Swiss languages.png|thumb|The languages of Switzerland: <br>[[German language|German]] (63.7%; yellow), <br>[[French language|French]] (19.2%; purple), <br>[[Italian language|Italian]] (7.6%; green), <br>[[Romansh language|Romansh]] (0.6%; red)]] Switzerland sits at the crossroads of several major European cultures, which have heavily influenced the country's languages and cultural practices. Switzerland has four official languages: [[German language|German]] (64%; yellow) in the north and centre, [[French language|French]] (19%; purple) to the west, [[Italian language|Italian]] (8%; green) in the south, and finally [[Romansh language|Romansh]], a [[Romance language]] spoken by a small minority (<1%; red) in the southeastern canton of [[Graubünden]] and parts of [[Ticino]]. There is no obligation for the state to translate its communication in all four languages, so most communication is in three languages and only some very important documents are translated to Romansh. Indeed, in the parliament, German, French and Italian are the official languages and simultaneous translation is provided. The German spoken in Switzerland is predominantly a group of [[dialect]]s that are almost unintelligible to Germans and are collectively known as [[Swiss German]], but newspapers and some broadcasts use [[High German]], which is also the predominant language in the German part for any written communication. [[Swiss French]] and [[Swiss Italian]] differ far less from their counterparts spoken in France and Italy. Learning one of the other national languages is obligatory for all Swiss, so most Swiss speak two or more languages. It should also be noted that [[English]] is a Swiss [[lingua franca]], and, in fact, most, if not all Swiss, have some command of English. Many Swiss documents and websites are also available in English. Resident foreigners and temporary foreign workers make up about 20% of the population. The largest religion in Switzerland is [[Roman Catholicism]], to which some 43% of the population adhere. Various [[Protestant]] faiths number some 35% of the population, and immigration has established [[Islam]] (4%) and [[Eastern Orthodoxy]] (2%) as sizable minority religions. The remainder belongs to very small minorities or is unaffiliated. The stability and prosperity of Switzerland, combined with a linguistically and religiously diverse population has led some to describe the country as a consensus state or a [[consociational state]]. * [[List of Swiss people]] == Culture == ''Main article: [[Culture of Switzerland]]'' The culture of Switzerland is influenced by its neighbours, but over the years a distinctive culture with strong regional differences has developed. Traditionally Switzerland is not considered one of the centres of European culture, but this conception might be deceptive. A number of culturally active Swiss have chosen to move abroad, probably given the limited opportunities in their homeland. At the same time, the neutrality of Switzerland has attracted many creative people from all over the world. In war times the tradition of political asylum helped to attract artists, whilst recently low taxes seem predominant. Strong regionalism in Switzerland makes it difficult to speak of a homogenous Swiss culture. The influence of German, French and Italian culture on their neighbouring parts and the influence of Anglo-American culture cannot be denied. The Rhaeto-Romanic culture in the eastern mountains of Switzerland is robust. The Swiss are noted for their [[bank]]s, their [[chocolate]], their [[Swiss cheese|cheese]], their [[Swiss Army knife|pocket knives]], their [[watch|watches]] (particularly the famous [[Rolex]]), their private [[boarding school]]s and their strengths in engineering and the [[Culture of Switzerland#Science|sciences]]. The tallest building in Switzerland is the [[Basler Messeturm]]. * [[Music of Switzerland]] * [[Culture of Switzerland]] * [[Swiss cuisine]] * [[SRG SSR idée suisse]] * [[Switzerland in popular culture]] == Miscellaneous topics == * [[2004 in Switzerland]] * [[2005 in Switzerland]] * [[Communications in Switzerland]] * [[Data codes for Switzerland]] * [[Education in Switzerland]] * [[Enlargement of the European Union]] * [[List of cities in Switzerland]] * [[List of Swiss people]] * [[List of Switzerland-related topics]] * [[Military of Switzerland]] * [[Stamps and postal history of Switzerland]] * [[Swiss citizenship]] * [[Third country relationships with the EU]] * [[Transportation in Switzerland]] == External links == {{pic}} *Governmental websites **[http://www.admin.ch/ch/index.en.html The Federal Authorities] **[http://www.parlament.ch/e/homepage.htm The Swiss Parliament] **[http://www.bger.ch Federal Supreme Court] - (in German, French and Italian) **[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office] *[http://www.swissinfo.org/ Switzerland's news and information platform] - maintained by the public Swiss Broadcasting Corporation (in 9 languages) *[http://www.dhs.ch/ Historical Dictionary of Switzerland] - Country encyclopedia (in German, French and Italian) *[http://www.swissworld.org Swissworld] - an encyclopedic presentation of the country by the Swiss Confederation *[http://www.about.ch/ About.ch] - another presentation of the country *[http://www.earth-photography.com/Countries/Switzerland Switzerland Pictures] - Photos of cities and nature in Switzerland *[http://www.myswitzerland.com Switzerland Tourism] National tourist office *[http://www.culturelinks.ch/ Culturelinks.ch] - a portal giving access to Swiss culture websites *[http://www.are.ch Spatial Planning in Switzerland] Website of Swiss Federal Office for Spatial Development (land-use planning, transportation, sustainable development) *[[:als:|Alemannic Wikipedia]] {{Europe}} [[Category:Switzerland|*]] [[als:Schweiz]] [[af:Switserland]] [[ar:سويسرا]] [[ast:Suiza]] [[bg:Швейцария]] [[be:Швайцарыя]] [[ca:Suïssa]] [[cs:Švýcarsko]] [[cy:Y Swistir]] [[da:Schweiz]] [[de:Schweiz]] [[et:Šveits]] [[el:Ελβετία]] [[es:Suiza]] [[eo:Svislando]] [[fo:Sveis]] [[fr:Suisse]] [[fy:Switserlân]] [[ga:An Eilvéis]] [[gd:An Eilbheis]] [[gl:Suíza - Schweiz]] [[ko:스위스]] [[hr:Švicarska]] [[hu:Svájc]] [[ia:Suissa]] [[io:Suisia]] [[id:Swiss]] [[is:Sviss]] [[it:Svizzera]] [[he:שוויץ]] [[la:Helvetia]] [[lb:Schwäiz]] [[lt:Šveicarija]] [[li:Zwitserland]] [[zh-min-nan:Sūi-se]] [[mk:Швајцарија]] [[ms:Switzerland]] [[nl:Zwitserland]] [[nds:Swiez]] [[ja:スイス]] [[nb:Sveits]] [[nn:Sveits]] [[pl:Szwajcaria]] [[pt:Suíça]] [[ro:Elveţia]] [[rm:Svizra]] [[ru:Швейцария]] [[scn:Svizzira]] [[simple:Switzerland]] [[sk:Švajčiarsko]] [[sl:Švica]] [[sr:Швајцарска]] [[fi:Sveitsi]] [[sv:Schweiz]] [[tl:Switzerland]] [[th:ประเทศสวิตเซอร์แลนด์]] [[vi:Thụy Sĩ]] [[tr:İsviçre]] [[uk:Швейцарія]] [[yi:שװײץ]] [[zh:瑞士]] 5412 2005-07-18T10:51:47Z Themalau 22 /* History */ The '''Swiss Confederation''' or '''Switzerland''' is a landlocked federal state in [[Europe]], which borders [[Germany]], [[France]], [[Italy]], [[Austria]] and [[Liechtenstein]]. The country has a strong tradition of [[neutral country|political and military neutrality]], but also of international co-operation, and is home to many international organisations. ''Confœderatio Helvetica'' (CH), the [[Latin]] version of the official name, avoids choosing one of the four official languages. The abbreviation is similarly used; for example, it is used as Switzerland's [[country code top-level domain|ccTLD]], [[.ch]]. {{Infobox_country| common_name = Switzerland | native_name = Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft<br>Confédération suisse<br>Confederazione Svizzera<br>Confederaziun Svizra<br>Confœderatio Helvetica| image_flag = Switzerland flag large.png | image_coat = Switzerland_CoA.png | image_map = LocationSwitzerland.png | national_motto = Unus pro omnibus, omnes pro uno<br>(English: One for all, all for one)| national_anthem = [[Swiss Psalm]] | official_languages = [[Alemani]], [[Lifalansé]], [[Italiano]], [[Romanshi]]| capital = [[Bern]] |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| largest_city = [[Zurich]] | government_type = [[Republiki Fedelali]] | leader_titles = [[Lisanga Fedelali ya Swisi|Lisanga Fedelali]]| leader_names = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[Moritz Leuenberger]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|VP 2005]])</small><br>[[Pascal Couchepin]]<br>[[Joseph Deiss]]<br>[[Samuel Schmid]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Micheline Calmy-Rey]]<br>[[Christoph Blocher]]<br>[[Hans-Rudolf Merz]]| area = 41,285|area_rank=132nd|area_magnitude=1 E10|percent_water=4.2| population_estimate = 7,399,100|population_estimate_year=2003|population_estimate_rank=92nd | population_density = 181|population_density_rank=44th | population_census = 7,288,010|population_census_year=2000| GDP_PPP = $233 billion|GDP_PPP_year=2003|GDP_PPP_rank=35th| GDP_nominal = $309 billion|GDP_nominal_year=2003|GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,186|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=8th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $42,138|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=3rd| sovereignty_type =[[Independence]] | established_events =- Declared<br> - Recognised<br>Federal state | established_dates =[[Lisakoli Fedelali ya 1921|Lisakoli Fedelali]]<br> [[August 1]], [[1291]]<br> [[October 24]], [[1648]]<br>[[1848]]| currency = [[Fran Swisi]]|currency_code=CHF| time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.ch]] | calling_code = 41| footnotes = | }} == History == ''Article ya molayi: [[Historia ya Swisi]]'' Switzerland is a federation of relatively autonomous [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]]s, some of which have a history of confederacy that goes back more than 700 years, arguably putting them among the world's oldest surviving [[republic]]s. According to the popular legend, in [[1291]], representatives of the '''[[three forest cantons]]''' of [[Canton of Uri|Uri]], [[Schwyz]], and [[Unterwalden]] signed the [[Federal Charter of 1291|Federal Charter]]. The charter united the involved parties in the struggle against foreign rule by the [[Habsburg]]s, who then held the German imperial throne of the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. At the [[Battle of Morgarten]] in [[1315]], the Swiss defeated the Habsburg army and secured quasi-independence as the Swiss Confederation. The authenticity of the Federal Charter is disputed with many historians agreeing that it is in fact a forgery of the [[14th century]]. By [[1353]], the three original cantons had been joined by the cantons of [[Glarus]] and [[Zug]] and the city states of [[Lucerne]], [[Zürich]] and [[Berne]], forming the "Old Federation" of eight states that persisted during much of the [[15th century]] (although Zürich was expelled from the confederation during the [[1440s]] due to a territorial conflict) and led to a significant increase of power and wealth of the federation, in particular due to the victories over [[Charles the Bold]] of [[Burgundy]] during the [[1470s]], and the success of the Swiss [[mercenary|mercenaries]]. The traditional listing order of the [[cantons of Switzerland]] reflects this state, listing the eight "Old Cantons" first, with the city states preceding the founding cantons, followed by cantons that joined the federation after [[1481]], in historical order. The Swiss victory in a war against the [[Swabian League]] in [[1499]] amounted to de facto independence from the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. In [[1506]], Pope [[Julius II]] engaged the [[Swiss Guard]] that continues to serve the [[Vatican]] to the present day. The expansion of the federation, and the reputation of invincibility acquired during the earlier wars, suffered a first setback in [[1515]] with the Swiss defeat in the [[Battle of Marignano]]. The success of [[Zwingli]]'s [[Reformation]] in some cantons led to inter-cantonal wars in [[1529]] and [[1531]] (''Kappeler Kriege''). The conflict between Catholic and Protestant cantons persisted, erupting in further violence at the [[battles of Villmergen]] in [[1656]] and [[1712]]. [[Image:Stumpf-Chronik-Zug.png|left|200px|thumb|1548 view of [[Zug]]]] Under the [[Treaty of Westphalia]] in [[1648]], European countries recognised Switzerland's independence from the Holy Roman Empire and its [[neutral country|neutrality]] (''ancien r&eacute;gime''). In [[1798]], armies of the [[French Revolution]] conquered Switzerland and in [[1803]], [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] imposed a new constitution, largely restoring Swiss autonomy. The [[Congress of Vienna]] in [[1815]] fully re-established Swiss independence and the European powers agreed to permanently recognise the Swiss neutrality. At this time, the territory of Switzerland was increased for the last time, by the new cantons of [[Valais]], [[Canton of Neuchâtel|Neuchatel]] and [[Canton of Geneva|Geneva]]. In [[1847]], a civil war broke out between the Catholic and the Protestant cantons (''Sonderbundskrieg''). Its immediate cause was a 'special treaty' (''[[Sonderbund]]'') of the Catholic cantons. The war lasted for less than a month, causing fewer than 100 casualties. Apart from small riots, this was the latest armed conflict on Swiss territory. As a consequence of the civil war, Switzerland adopted a federal [[constitution]] in [[1848]], amending it extensively in [[1874]] and establishing federal responsibility for defence, trade, and legal matters. In [[1891]], the constitution was revised with unusually strong elements of [[direct democracy]], which remains unique even today. Since then, continued political, economic, and social improvement has characterised Swiss history. In [[1920]], Switzerland joined the [[League of Nations]], and in [[1963]] the [[Council of Europe]]. Switzerland proclaimed neutrality in [[World War I]] and was not involved militarily in the conflict. Neutrality was again proclaimed in [[World War II]], and although a German intervention was both planned and anticipated, it ultimately didn't occur. The massive mobilization of Swiss armed forces under the leadership of General [[Henri Guisan]] is often cited as a decisive factor that the German invasion was never initiated. Modern historical findings, such as the research done by the [[Bergier commission]], indicate that another major factor was the continued trade by Swiss banks with Nazi Germany. Women were granted the right to vote in the first cantons in [[1959]], at the federal level in [[1971]], in the last canton only in [[1990]]. In [[1979]], parts of the canton of [[Berne]] attained independence, forming the new [[canton of Jura]]. On April 18, [[1999]] the Swiss population and the cantons voted in favor of a completely revised federal [[constitution]]. In [[2002]] Switzerland became a full member of the [[United Nations]], leaving the [[Vatican]] as the last widely recognized state without full UN membership. Switzerland is not a member state of the [[EU]] but applied for membership therein in May 1992. Switzerland has not advanced this application since the rejection, by referendum, of the [[European Economic Area]] in December 1992. However, Swiss law is gradually being adjusted to that of the EU and the government has signed a number of [[bilateral agreements]] with the European Union. Switzerland (together with [[Liechtenstein]]) has been surrounded by the EU since [[Austria|Austria's]] membership in [[1995]]. On June 5, [[2005]], Swiss voters agreed, by a 55% majority, to join the [[Schengen treaty]], a result that was welcomed by EU commentators as a sign of goodwill by a Switzerland that is traditionally perceived as isolationist. [[Image:Carte suisse2.png|thumb|310px|left|Swisi]] == Politiki == ''Main article: [[Politiki ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Curia Confoederationis Heleticae - Swiss parliament and government.jpg|right|200px|thumb|[[Curia Confoederationis Helveticae]] in [[Bern]]]] Switzerland features a system of government unlike any other seen in [[Europe]], or indeed much of the world. The bicameral Swiss [[parliament]], the Federal Assembly, is the primary seat of power, apart from the Federal Council. Both houses, the [[Swiss Council of States|Council of States]] and the [[National Council of Switzerland|National Council]], have equal powers in all respects, including the right to introduce legislation. Under the [[1999]] [[constitution]], cantons hold all powers not specifically delegated to the federation. The 46 members of the Council of States (two from each canton and one from former half cantons) are directly elected in each canton, whereas the 200 members of the National Council are elected directly under a system of [[proportional representation]]. Members of both houses serve for 4 years. Through [[referenda]] citizens may challenge any law voted by federal parliament and through [[initiative]]s introduce amendments to the federal constitution, making Switzerland a [[semi-direct democracy]]. The top [[executive]] body and collective [[Head of State]] is the [[Swiss Federal Council|Federal Council]], a collegial body of seven members. Although the constitution provides that the Assembly elects and supervises the members of the Council, the latter (and its administration) has gradually assumed a preeminent role in directing the [[legislative]] process as well as executing federal laws. The [[President of the Swiss Confederation|President of the Confederation]] is elected from the seven. During a one year term, s/he assumes special representative functions. From 1959 to December 2003, the four major parties were represented in the Federal Council according to the "magic formula", proportional to their representation in federal parliament: 2 [[Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland|Christian Democrats (CVP/PDC)]], 2 from the [[Social Democratic Party of Switzerland|Social Democrats (SPS/PSS)]], 2 [[Radical Free Democratic Party of Switzerland|Free Democrats (FDP/PRD)]], and 1 from the [[Swiss People's Party|Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC)]]. This traditional distribution of seats, however, is not backed up by any law, and in the 2003 elections to the Federal Council the CVP/PDC lost their second seat to the SVP/UDC. The function of the [[Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland|Federal Supreme Court]] is to hear appeals of cantonal courts or the administrative rulings of the federal administration. The judges are elected by the Federal Assembly for six-year terms. Citizens may seek a decision on an [[amendment]] they want to make to the Constitution. For such an amendment initiative to be organized,the signatures of 100,000 voters must be collected within 18 months. They are the driving force behind [[direct democracy]]. A [[popular initiative]] may be formulated as a general proposal or - much more often - be put forward as a precise new text whose wording can no longer be changed by [[Parliament]] and the Government. Since 1987, voters may approve both the [[initiative]] and the [[counter-proposal]]. A deciding question determines which of the two texts will enter into force if both of them secure a popular majority and a majority of the [[States]]. Popular initiatives do not originate from the [[Parliament]] or [[Government]] but from the citizens themselves. See also: * [[International relations of Switzerland]] == Ba Kanton (Provinsi Fedelali) == ''Article molayi: [[Ba Kanton ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Schweiz graubuenden sent.jpg|right|180px|thumb|Wintertime view of [[Sent]], in the eastern canton of [[Graubünden]].]] The Swiss Confederation consists of 26 [[canton (subnational entity)|canton]]s: <table><tr valign=top><td> *[[Aargau]] (Argovia) *[[Appenzell Innerrhoden]] (Inner Rhodes) * *[[Appenzell Ausserrhoden]] (Outer Rhodes) * *[[Basel-Stadt]] (Basle-City) * *[[Basel-Landschaft]] (Basle-Country) * *[[Canton of Bern|Bern]] (Berne) *[[Canton of Fribourg|Fribourg]] (Freiburg) *[[Canton of Geneva|Geneva]] (Genève) *[[Canton of Glarus|Glarus]] *[[Graubünden]] (Grischun/Grigioni) *[[Canton of Jura|Jura]] *[[Canton of Lucerne|Lucerne]] (Luzern) *[[Canton of Neuchâtel|Neuchâtel]] <td> *[[Nidwalden]] * *[[Obwalden]] * *[[Canton of Schaffhausen|Schaffhausen]] *[[Canton of Schwyz|Schwyz]] *[[Canton of Solothurn|Solothurn]] (Soleure) *[[Canton of St. Gallen|St. Gallen]] (St. Gall) *[[Thurgau]] (Thurgovia) *[[Ticino]] *[[Canton of Uri|Uri]] *[[Valais]] (Wallis) *[[Vaud]] *[[Canton of Zug|Zug]] *[[Canton of Zurich|Zürich]] (Zurich) </table> <small>[*] these Cantons are represented by only one councilor in the [[Swiss Council of States|Council of States]]. The population varies between 15,000 (Appenzell Innerrhoden) and 1,253,500 (Zürich), area between 37 km² (Basel-Stadt) and 7,105 km² (Grisons). Cantons are divided in a total of [[municipalities of Switzerland|2,889 municipalities]]. The following are [[enclave]]s within Switzerland: [[Büsingen]] is territory of [[Germany]], [[Campione d'Italia]] is territory of [[Italy]]. == Jyografi == ''Main article: [[Jyografi ya Swiss]]'' [[Image:Map-of-Switzerland.png|thumb|right|Map of Switzerland (overview)]] With an area of 41,000 square kilometers, Switzerland is a small country. The population is around 7.4 million, resulting in a population density of 184 people per km² (roughly comparable to the [[USA|U. S.]] state of [[Maryland]]). The Swiss landscape is characterised by the [[Alps]], a high mountain range running across the central-south of the country. Amongst the high peaks of the [[Swiss Alps]], the highest of which is the [[Dufour Peak]] at [[1 E3 m|4,634 m]], are found countless valleys, some with [[glacier]]s. From these the headwaters of several major European rivers such as the [[Rhine]], the [[Rhone River|Rhône]], the [[Inn River|Inn]], the [[Aare]] or the [[Ticino River|Ticino]], flow down into lakes such as [[Lake Geneva]], [[Lake Zürich]], [[Lake Neuchâtel]], and [[Lake Constance]] and farther down. Switzerland is made up of the Swiss Alps, Mittelland, and Jura. [[Image:swissmap.png|thumb|left|Map of Switzerland (detailed)]] The northern, more populous part of the country is more open, but can still be fairly mountainous such as with the [[Jura Mountains]], a smaller range in the northwest. The Swiss [[climate]] is generally [[temperate climate|temperate]], but it can vary greatly locally, from the harsh conditions on the high mountains to the pleasant Mediterranean climate at Switzerland's southern tip. A zoomable map of Switzerland is available at either [http://www.swissinfo-geo.org www.swissinfo-geo.org] or [http://www.swissgeo.ch www.swissgeo.ch], a zoomable satellite picture at [http://map.search.ch/ map.search.ch]. <br style="clear:both;"/> ''See also:'' [[Swisstopo]] topographical survey, [[List of lakes of Switzerland]], [[List of rivers of Switzerland]], [[List of mountain passes in Switzerland]]. == Economy == ''Main article: [[Economy of Switzerland]]'' Switzerland is a prosperous and stable modern market economy with a per capita [[Gross Domestic Product|GDP]] higher than that of the big western European economies. Switzerland is a member of the [[European Free Trade Association]]. The Swiss in recent years have brought their economic practices largely into conformity with the [[European Union]]'s to enhance their international competitiveness. Full EU membership is a long-term objective of the Swiss government, but there is considerable popular sentiment against this. To this end, it has established an [http://www.europa.admin.ch/e/index.htm Integration Office] under the Department of Foreign and Economic Affairs. In order to minimise the negative consequences of Switzerland's isolation from the rest of Europe, Bern and Brussels signed seven agreements, called Bilateral Agreements I, to further liberalise trade ties in [[1999]] and entering into force in 2001. This first series of bilateral agreements included the free movement of persons. A second series covering nine areas was signed in 2004 and is waiting ratification. The second series includes the [[Schengen treaty]] and the [[Dublin Convention]]. They continue to discuss further areas for cooperation. Switzerland voted against membership in the [[European Economic Area]] in December 1992 and has since maintained and developed its relationships with the European Union and European countries via bilateral agreements. * [[List of Swiss companies]] == Demographics == ''Main article: [[Demographics of Switzerland]]'' [[Image:Swiss languages.png|thumb|The languages of Switzerland: <br>[[German language|German]] (63.7%; yellow), <br>[[French language|French]] (19.2%; purple), <br>[[Italian language|Italian]] (7.6%; green), <br>[[Romansh language|Romansh]] (0.6%; red)]] Switzerland sits at the crossroads of several major European cultures, which have heavily influenced the country's languages and cultural practices. Switzerland has four official languages: [[German language|German]] (64%; yellow) in the north and centre, [[French language|French]] (19%; purple) to the west, [[Italian language|Italian]] (8%; green) in the south, and finally [[Romansh language|Romansh]], a [[Romance language]] spoken by a small minority (<1%; red) in the southeastern canton of [[Graubünden]] and parts of [[Ticino]]. There is no obligation for the state to translate its communication in all four languages, so most communication is in three languages and only some very important documents are translated to Romansh. Indeed, in the parliament, German, French and Italian are the official languages and simultaneous translation is provided. The German spoken in Switzerland is predominantly a group of [[dialect]]s that are almost unintelligible to Germans and are collectively known as [[Swiss German]], but newspapers and some broadcasts use [[High German]], which is also the predominant language in the German part for any written communication. [[Swiss French]] and [[Swiss Italian]] differ far less from their counterparts spoken in France and Italy. Learning one of the other national languages is obligatory for all Swiss, so most Swiss speak two or more languages. It should also be noted that [[English]] is a Swiss [[lingua franca]], and, in fact, most, if not all Swiss, have some command of English. Many Swiss documents and websites are also available in English. Resident foreigners and temporary foreign workers make up about 20% of the population. The largest religion in Switzerland is [[Roman Catholicism]], to which some 43% of the population adhere. Various [[Protestant]] faiths number some 35% of the population, and immigration has established [[Islam]] (4%) and [[Eastern Orthodoxy]] (2%) as sizable minority religions. The remainder belongs to very small minorities or is unaffiliated. The stability and prosperity of Switzerland, combined with a linguistically and religiously diverse population has led some to describe the country as a consensus state or a [[consociational state]]. * [[List of Swiss people]] == Culture == ''Main article: [[Culture of Switzerland]]'' The culture of Switzerland is influenced by its neighbours, but over the years a distinctive culture with strong regional differences has developed. Traditionally Switzerland is not considered one of the centres of European culture, but this conception might be deceptive. A number of culturally active Swiss have chosen to move abroad, probably given the limited opportunities in their homeland. At the same time, the neutrality of Switzerland has attracted many creative people from all over the world. In war times the tradition of political asylum helped to attract artists, whilst recently low taxes seem predominant. Strong regionalism in Switzerland makes it difficult to speak of a homogenous Swiss culture. The influence of German, French and Italian culture on their neighbouring parts and the influence of Anglo-American culture cannot be denied. The Rhaeto-Romanic culture in the eastern mountains of Switzerland is robust. The Swiss are noted for their [[bank]]s, their [[chocolate]], their [[Swiss cheese|cheese]], their [[Swiss Army knife|pocket knives]], their [[watch|watches]] (particularly the famous [[Rolex]]), their private [[boarding school]]s and their strengths in engineering and the [[Culture of Switzerland#Science|sciences]]. The tallest building in Switzerland is the [[Basler Messeturm]]. * [[Music of Switzerland]] * [[Culture of Switzerland]] * [[Swiss cuisine]] * [[SRG SSR idée suisse]] * [[Switzerland in popular culture]] == Miscellaneous topics == * [[2004 in Switzerland]] * [[2005 in Switzerland]] * [[Communications in Switzerland]] * [[Data codes for Switzerland]] * [[Education in Switzerland]] * [[Enlargement of the European Union]] * [[List of cities in Switzerland]] * [[List of Swiss people]] * [[List of Switzerland-related topics]] * [[Military of Switzerland]] * [[Stamps and postal history of Switzerland]] * [[Swiss citizenship]] * [[Third country relationships with the EU]] * [[Transportation in Switzerland]] == External links == {{pic}} *Governmental websites **[http://www.admin.ch/ch/index.en.html The Federal Authorities] **[http://www.parlament.ch/e/homepage.htm The Swiss Parliament] **[http://www.bger.ch Federal Supreme Court] - (in German, French and Italian) **[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office] *[http://www.swissinfo.org/ Switzerland's news and information platform] - maintained by the public Swiss Broadcasting Corporation (in 9 languages) *[http://www.dhs.ch/ Historical Dictionary of Switzerland] - Country encyclopedia (in German, French and Italian) *[http://www.swissworld.org Swissworld] - an encyclopedic presentation of the country by the Swiss Confederation *[http://www.about.ch/ About.ch] - another presentation of the country *[http://www.earth-photography.com/Countries/Switzerland Switzerland Pictures] - Photos of cities and nature in Switzerland *[http://www.myswitzerland.com Switzerland Tourism] National tourist office *[http://www.culturelinks.ch/ Culturelinks.ch] - a portal giving access to Swiss culture websites *[http://www.are.ch Spatial Planning in Switzerland] Website of Swiss Federal Office for Spatial Development (land-use planning, transportation, sustainable development) *[[:als:|Alemannic Wikipedia]] {{Europe}} [[Category:Switzerland|*]] [[als:Schweiz]] [[af:Switserland]] [[ar:سويسرا]] [[ast:Suiza]] [[bg:Швейцария]] [[be:Швайцарыя]] [[ca:Suïssa]] [[cs:Švýcarsko]] [[cy:Y Swistir]] [[da:Schweiz]] [[de:Schweiz]] [[et:Šveits]] [[el:Ελβετία]] [[es:Suiza]] [[eo:Svislando]] [[fo:Sveis]] [[fr:Suisse]] [[fy:Switserlân]] [[ga:An Eilvéis]] [[gd:An Eilbheis]] [[gl:Suíza - Schweiz]] [[ko:스위스]] [[hr:Švicarska]] [[hu:Svájc]] [[ia:Suissa]] [[io:Suisia]] [[id:Swiss]] [[is:Sviss]] [[it:Svizzera]] [[he:שוויץ]] [[la:Helvetia]] [[lb:Schwäiz]] [[lt:Šveicarija]] [[li:Zwitserland]] [[zh-min-nan:Sūi-se]] [[mk:Швајцарија]] [[ms:Switzerland]] [[nl:Zwitserland]] [[nds:Swiez]] [[ja:スイス]] [[nb:Sveits]] [[nn:Sveits]] [[pl:Szwajcaria]] [[pt:Suíça]] [[ro:Elveţia]] [[rm:Svizra]] [[ru:Швейцария]] [[scn:Svizzira]] [[simple:Switzerland]] [[sk:Švajčiarsko]] [[sl:Švica]] [[sr:Швајцарска]] [[fi:Sveitsi]] [[sv:Schweiz]] [[tl:Switzerland]] [[th:ประเทศสวิตเซอร์แลนด์]] [[vi:Thụy Sĩ]] [[tr:İsviçre]] [[uk:Швейцарія]] [[yi:שװײץ]] [[zh:瑞士]] 5413 2005-07-18T10:53:53Z Themalau 22 The '''Swiss Confederation''' or '''Switzerland''' is a landlocked federal state in [[Europe]], which borders [[Germany]], [[France]], [[Italy]], [[Austria]] and [[Liechtenstein]]. The country has a strong tradition of [[neutral country|political and military neutrality]], but also of international co-operation, and is home to many international organisations. ''Confœderatio Helvetica'' (CH), the [[Latin]] version of the official name, avoids choosing one of the four official languages. The abbreviation is similarly used; for example, it is used as Switzerland's [[country code top-level domain|ccTLD]], [[.ch]]. {{Infobox_country| common_name = Switzerland | native_name = Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft<br>Confédération suisse<br>Confederazione Svizzera<br>Confederaziun Svizra<br>Confœderatio Helvetica| image_flag = Switzerland flag 300.png | image_coat = BlasonSUISSE.PNG | image_map = LocationSwitzerland.png | national_motto = Unus pro omnibus, omnes pro uno<br>(English: One for all, all for one)| national_anthem = [[Swiss Psalm]] | official_languages = [[Alemani]], [[Lifalansé]], [[Italiano]], [[Romanshi]]| capital = [[Bern]] |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| largest_city = [[Zurich]] | government_type = [[Republiki Fedelali]] | leader_titles = [[Lisanga Fedelali ya Swisi|Lisanga Fedelali]]| leader_names = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[Moritz Leuenberger]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|VP 2005]])</small><br>[[Pascal Couchepin]]<br>[[Joseph Deiss]]<br>[[Samuel Schmid]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Micheline Calmy-Rey]]<br>[[Christoph Blocher]]<br>[[Hans-Rudolf Merz]]| area = 41,285|area_rank=132nd|area_magnitude=1 E10|percent_water=4.2| population_estimate = 7,399,100|population_estimate_year=2003|population_estimate_rank=92nd | population_density = 181|population_density_rank=44th | population_census = 7,288,010|population_census_year=2000| GDP_PPP = $233 billion|GDP_PPP_year=2003|GDP_PPP_rank=35th| GDP_nominal = $309 billion|GDP_nominal_year=2003|GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,186|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=8th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $42,138|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=3rd| sovereignty_type =[[Independence]] | established_events =- Declared<br> - Recognised<br>Federal state | established_dates =[[Lisakoli Fedelali ya 1921|Lisakoli Fedelali]]<br> [[August 1]], [[1291]]<br> [[October 24]], [[1648]]<br>[[1848]]| currency = [[Fran Swisi]]|currency_code=CHF| time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.ch]] | calling_code = 41| footnotes = | }} == History == ''Article ya molayi: [[Historia ya Swisi]]'' Switzerland is a federation of relatively autonomous [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]]s, some of which have a history of confederacy that goes back more than 700 years, arguably putting them among the world's oldest surviving [[republic]]s. According to the popular legend, in [[1291]], representatives of the '''[[three forest cantons]]''' of [[Canton of Uri|Uri]], [[Schwyz]], and [[Unterwalden]] signed the [[Federal Charter of 1291|Federal Charter]]. The charter united the involved parties in the struggle against foreign rule by the [[Habsburg]]s, who then held the German imperial throne of the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. At the [[Battle of Morgarten]] in [[1315]], the Swiss defeated the Habsburg army and secured quasi-independence as the Swiss Confederation. The authenticity of the Federal Charter is disputed with many historians agreeing that it is in fact a forgery of the [[14th century]]. By [[1353]], the three original cantons had been joined by the cantons of [[Glarus]] and [[Zug]] and the city states of [[Lucerne]], [[Zürich]] and [[Berne]], forming the "Old Federation" of eight states that persisted during much of the [[15th century]] (although Zürich was expelled from the confederation during the [[1440s]] due to a territorial conflict) and led to a significant increase of power and wealth of the federation, in particular due to the victories over [[Charles the Bold]] of [[Burgundy]] during the [[1470s]], and the success of the Swiss [[mercenary|mercenaries]]. The traditional listing order of the [[cantons of Switzerland]] reflects this state, listing the eight "Old Cantons" first, with the city states preceding the founding cantons, followed by cantons that joined the federation after [[1481]], in historical order. The Swiss victory in a war against the [[Swabian League]] in [[1499]] amounted to de facto independence from the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. In [[1506]], Pope [[Julius II]] engaged the [[Swiss Guard]] that continues to serve the [[Vatican]] to the present day. The expansion of the federation, and the reputation of invincibility acquired during the earlier wars, suffered a first setback in [[1515]] with the Swiss defeat in the [[Battle of Marignano]]. The success of [[Zwingli]]'s [[Reformation]] in some cantons led to inter-cantonal wars in [[1529]] and [[1531]] (''Kappeler Kriege''). The conflict between Catholic and Protestant cantons persisted, erupting in further violence at the [[battles of Villmergen]] in [[1656]] and [[1712]]. [[Image:Stumpf-Chronik-Zug.png|left|200px|thumb|1548 view of [[Zug]]]] Under the [[Treaty of Westphalia]] in [[1648]], European countries recognised Switzerland's independence from the Holy Roman Empire and its [[neutral country|neutrality]] (''ancien r&eacute;gime''). In [[1798]], armies of the [[French Revolution]] conquered Switzerland and in [[1803]], [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] imposed a new constitution, largely restoring Swiss autonomy. The [[Congress of Vienna]] in [[1815]] fully re-established Swiss independence and the European powers agreed to permanently recognise the Swiss neutrality. At this time, the territory of Switzerland was increased for the last time, by the new cantons of [[Valais]], [[Canton of Neuchâtel|Neuchatel]] and [[Canton of Geneva|Geneva]]. In [[1847]], a civil war broke out between the Catholic and the Protestant cantons (''Sonderbundskrieg''). Its immediate cause was a 'special treaty' (''[[Sonderbund]]'') of the Catholic cantons. The war lasted for less than a month, causing fewer than 100 casualties. Apart from small riots, this was the latest armed conflict on Swiss territory. As a consequence of the civil war, Switzerland adopted a federal [[constitution]] in [[1848]], amending it extensively in [[1874]] and establishing federal responsibility for defence, trade, and legal matters. In [[1891]], the constitution was revised with unusually strong elements of [[direct democracy]], which remains unique even today. Since then, continued political, economic, and social improvement has characterised Swiss history. In [[1920]], Switzerland joined the [[League of Nations]], and in [[1963]] the [[Council of Europe]]. Switzerland proclaimed neutrality in [[World War I]] and was not involved militarily in the conflict. Neutrality was again proclaimed in [[World War II]], and although a German intervention was both planned and anticipated, it ultimately didn't occur. The massive mobilization of Swiss armed forces under the leadership of General [[Henri Guisan]] is often cited as a decisive factor that the German invasion was never initiated. Modern historical findings, such as the research done by the [[Bergier commission]], indicate that another major factor was the continued trade by Swiss banks with Nazi Germany. Women were granted the right to vote in the first cantons in [[1959]], at the federal level in [[1971]], in the last canton only in [[1990]]. In [[1979]], parts of the canton of [[Berne]] attained independence, forming the new [[canton of Jura]]. On April 18, [[1999]] the Swiss population and the cantons voted in favor of a completely revised federal [[constitution]]. In [[2002]] Switzerland became a full member of the [[United Nations]], leaving the [[Vatican]] as the last widely recognized state without full UN membership. Switzerland is not a member state of the [[EU]] but applied for membership therein in May 1992. Switzerland has not advanced this application since the rejection, by referendum, of the [[European Economic Area]] in December 1992. However, Swiss law is gradually being adjusted to that of the EU and the government has signed a number of [[bilateral agreements]] with the European Union. Switzerland (together with [[Liechtenstein]]) has been surrounded by the EU since [[Austria|Austria's]] membership in [[1995]]. On June 5, [[2005]], Swiss voters agreed, by a 55% majority, to join the [[Schengen treaty]], a result that was welcomed by EU commentators as a sign of goodwill by a Switzerland that is traditionally perceived as isolationist. [[Image:Carte suisse2.png|thumb|310px|left|Swisi]] == Politiki == ''Main article: [[Politiki ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Curia Confoederationis Heleticae - Swiss parliament and government.jpg|right|200px|thumb|[[Curia Confoederationis Helveticae]] in [[Bern]]]] Switzerland features a system of government unlike any other seen in [[Europe]], or indeed much of the world. The bicameral Swiss [[parliament]], the Federal Assembly, is the primary seat of power, apart from the Federal Council. Both houses, the [[Swiss Council of States|Council of States]] and the [[National Council of Switzerland|National Council]], have equal powers in all respects, including the right to introduce legislation. Under the [[1999]] [[constitution]], cantons hold all powers not specifically delegated to the federation. The 46 members of the Council of States (two from each canton and one from former half cantons) are directly elected in each canton, whereas the 200 members of the National Council are elected directly under a system of [[proportional representation]]. Members of both houses serve for 4 years. Through [[referenda]] citizens may challenge any law voted by federal parliament and through [[initiative]]s introduce amendments to the federal constitution, making Switzerland a [[semi-direct democracy]]. The top [[executive]] body and collective [[Head of State]] is the [[Swiss Federal Council|Federal Council]], a collegial body of seven members. Although the constitution provides that the Assembly elects and supervises the members of the Council, the latter (and its administration) has gradually assumed a preeminent role in directing the [[legislative]] process as well as executing federal laws. The [[President of the Swiss Confederation|President of the Confederation]] is elected from the seven. During a one year term, s/he assumes special representative functions. From 1959 to December 2003, the four major parties were represented in the Federal Council according to the "magic formula", proportional to their representation in federal parliament: 2 [[Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland|Christian Democrats (CVP/PDC)]], 2 from the [[Social Democratic Party of Switzerland|Social Democrats (SPS/PSS)]], 2 [[Radical Free Democratic Party of Switzerland|Free Democrats (FDP/PRD)]], and 1 from the [[Swiss People's Party|Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC)]]. This traditional distribution of seats, however, is not backed up by any law, and in the 2003 elections to the Federal Council the CVP/PDC lost their second seat to the SVP/UDC. The function of the [[Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland|Federal Supreme Court]] is to hear appeals of cantonal courts or the administrative rulings of the federal administration. The judges are elected by the Federal Assembly for six-year terms. Citizens may seek a decision on an [[amendment]] they want to make to the Constitution. For such an amendment initiative to be organized,the signatures of 100,000 voters must be collected within 18 months. They are the driving force behind [[direct democracy]]. A [[popular initiative]] may be formulated as a general proposal or - much more often - be put forward as a precise new text whose wording can no longer be changed by [[Parliament]] and the Government. Since 1987, voters may approve both the [[initiative]] and the [[counter-proposal]]. A deciding question determines which of the two texts will enter into force if both of them secure a popular majority and a majority of the [[States]]. Popular initiatives do not originate from the [[Parliament]] or [[Government]] but from the citizens themselves. See also: * [[International relations of Switzerland]] == Ba Kanton (Provinsi Fedelali) == ''Article molayi: [[Ba Kanton ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Schweiz graubuenden sent.jpg|right|180px|thumb|Wintertime view of [[Sent]], in the eastern canton of [[Graubünden]].]] The Swiss Confederation consists of 26 [[canton (subnational entity)|canton]]s: <table><tr valign=top><td> *[[Aargau]] (Argovia) *[[Appenzell Innerrhoden]] (Inner Rhodes) * *[[Appenzell Ausserrhoden]] (Outer Rhodes) * *[[Basel-Stadt]] (Basle-City) * *[[Basel-Landschaft]] (Basle-Country) * *[[Canton of Bern|Bern]] (Berne) *[[Canton of Fribourg|Fribourg]] (Freiburg) *[[Canton of Geneva|Geneva]] (Genève) *[[Canton of Glarus|Glarus]] *[[Graubünden]] (Grischun/Grigioni) *[[Canton of Jura|Jura]] *[[Canton of Lucerne|Lucerne]] (Luzern) *[[Canton of Neuchâtel|Neuchâtel]] <td> *[[Nidwalden]] * *[[Obwalden]] * *[[Canton of Schaffhausen|Schaffhausen]] *[[Canton of Schwyz|Schwyz]] *[[Canton of Solothurn|Solothurn]] (Soleure) *[[Canton of St. Gallen|St. Gallen]] (St. Gall) *[[Thurgau]] (Thurgovia) *[[Ticino]] *[[Canton of Uri|Uri]] *[[Valais]] (Wallis) *[[Vaud]] *[[Canton of Zug|Zug]] *[[Canton of Zurich|Zürich]] (Zurich) </table> <small>[*] these Cantons are represented by only one councilor in the [[Swiss Council of States|Council of States]]. The population varies between 15,000 (Appenzell Innerrhoden) and 1,253,500 (Zürich), area between 37 km² (Basel-Stadt) and 7,105 km² (Grisons). Cantons are divided in a total of [[municipalities of Switzerland|2,889 municipalities]]. The following are [[enclave]]s within Switzerland: [[Büsingen]] is territory of [[Germany]], [[Campione d'Italia]] is territory of [[Italy]]. == Jyografi == ''Main article: [[Jyografi ya Swiss]]'' [[Image:Map-of-Switzerland.png|thumb|right|Map of Switzerland (overview)]] With an area of 41,000 square kilometers, Switzerland is a small country. The population is around 7.4 million, resulting in a population density of 184 people per km² (roughly comparable to the [[USA|U. S.]] state of [[Maryland]]). The Swiss landscape is characterised by the [[Alps]], a high mountain range running across the central-south of the country. Amongst the high peaks of the [[Swiss Alps]], the highest of which is the [[Dufour Peak]] at [[1 E3 m|4,634 m]], are found countless valleys, some with [[glacier]]s. From these the headwaters of several major European rivers such as the [[Rhine]], the [[Rhone River|Rhône]], the [[Inn River|Inn]], the [[Aare]] or the [[Ticino River|Ticino]], flow down into lakes such as [[Lake Geneva]], [[Lake Zürich]], [[Lake Neuchâtel]], and [[Lake Constance]] and farther down. Switzerland is made up of the Swiss Alps, Mittelland, and Jura. [[Image:swissmap.png|thumb|left|Map of Switzerland (detailed)]] The northern, more populous part of the country is more open, but can still be fairly mountainous such as with the [[Jura Mountains]], a smaller range in the northwest. The Swiss [[climate]] is generally [[temperate climate|temperate]], but it can vary greatly locally, from the harsh conditions on the high mountains to the pleasant Mediterranean climate at Switzerland's southern tip. A zoomable map of Switzerland is available at either [http://www.swissinfo-geo.org www.swissinfo-geo.org] or [http://www.swissgeo.ch www.swissgeo.ch], a zoomable satellite picture at [http://map.search.ch/ map.search.ch]. <br style="clear:both;"/> ''See also:'' [[Swisstopo]] topographical survey, [[List of lakes of Switzerland]], [[List of rivers of Switzerland]], [[List of mountain passes in Switzerland]]. == Economy == ''Main article: [[Economy of Switzerland]]'' Switzerland is a prosperous and stable modern market economy with a per capita [[Gross Domestic Product|GDP]] higher than that of the big western European economies. Switzerland is a member of the [[European Free Trade Association]]. The Swiss in recent years have brought their economic practices largely into conformity with the [[European Union]]'s to enhance their international competitiveness. Full EU membership is a long-term objective of the Swiss government, but there is considerable popular sentiment against this. To this end, it has established an [http://www.europa.admin.ch/e/index.htm Integration Office] under the Department of Foreign and Economic Affairs. In order to minimise the negative consequences of Switzerland's isolation from the rest of Europe, Bern and Brussels signed seven agreements, called Bilateral Agreements I, to further liberalise trade ties in [[1999]] and entering into force in 2001. This first series of bilateral agreements included the free movement of persons. A second series covering nine areas was signed in 2004 and is waiting ratification. The second series includes the [[Schengen treaty]] and the [[Dublin Convention]]. They continue to discuss further areas for cooperation. Switzerland voted against membership in the [[European Economic Area]] in December 1992 and has since maintained and developed its relationships with the European Union and European countries via bilateral agreements. * [[List of Swiss companies]] == Demographics == ''Main article: [[Demographics of Switzerland]]'' [[Image:Swiss languages.png|thumb|The languages of Switzerland: <br>[[German language|German]] (63.7%; yellow), <br>[[French language|French]] (19.2%; purple), <br>[[Italian language|Italian]] (7.6%; green), <br>[[Romansh language|Romansh]] (0.6%; red)]] Switzerland sits at the crossroads of several major European cultures, which have heavily influenced the country's languages and cultural practices. Switzerland has four official languages: [[German language|German]] (64%; yellow) in the north and centre, [[French language|French]] (19%; purple) to the west, [[Italian language|Italian]] (8%; green) in the south, and finally [[Romansh language|Romansh]], a [[Romance language]] spoken by a small minority (<1%; red) in the southeastern canton of [[Graubünden]] and parts of [[Ticino]]. There is no obligation for the state to translate its communication in all four languages, so most communication is in three languages and only some very important documents are translated to Romansh. Indeed, in the parliament, German, French and Italian are the official languages and simultaneous translation is provided. The German spoken in Switzerland is predominantly a group of [[dialect]]s that are almost unintelligible to Germans and are collectively known as [[Swiss German]], but newspapers and some broadcasts use [[High German]], which is also the predominant language in the German part for any written communication. [[Swiss French]] and [[Swiss Italian]] differ far less from their counterparts spoken in France and Italy. Learning one of the other national languages is obligatory for all Swiss, so most Swiss speak two or more languages. It should also be noted that [[English]] is a Swiss [[lingua franca]], and, in fact, most, if not all Swiss, have some command of English. Many Swiss documents and websites are also available in English. Resident foreigners and temporary foreign workers make up about 20% of the population. The largest religion in Switzerland is [[Roman Catholicism]], to which some 43% of the population adhere. Various [[Protestant]] faiths number some 35% of the population, and immigration has established [[Islam]] (4%) and [[Eastern Orthodoxy]] (2%) as sizable minority religions. The remainder belongs to very small minorities or is unaffiliated. The stability and prosperity of Switzerland, combined with a linguistically and religiously diverse population has led some to describe the country as a consensus state or a [[consociational state]]. * [[List of Swiss people]] == Culture == ''Main article: [[Culture of Switzerland]]'' The culture of Switzerland is influenced by its neighbours, but over the years a distinctive culture with strong regional differences has developed. Traditionally Switzerland is not considered one of the centres of European culture, but this conception might be deceptive. A number of culturally active Swiss have chosen to move abroad, probably given the limited opportunities in their homeland. At the same time, the neutrality of Switzerland has attracted many creative people from all over the world. In war times the tradition of political asylum helped to attract artists, whilst recently low taxes seem predominant. Strong regionalism in Switzerland makes it difficult to speak of a homogenous Swiss culture. The influence of German, French and Italian culture on their neighbouring parts and the influence of Anglo-American culture cannot be denied. The Rhaeto-Romanic culture in the eastern mountains of Switzerland is robust. The Swiss are noted for their [[bank]]s, their [[chocolate]], their [[Swiss cheese|cheese]], their [[Swiss Army knife|pocket knives]], their [[watch|watches]] (particularly the famous [[Rolex]]), their private [[boarding school]]s and their strengths in engineering and the [[Culture of Switzerland#Science|sciences]]. The tallest building in Switzerland is the [[Basler Messeturm]]. * [[Music of Switzerland]] * [[Culture of Switzerland]] * [[Swiss cuisine]] * [[SRG SSR idée suisse]] * [[Switzerland in popular culture]] == Miscellaneous topics == * [[2004 in Switzerland]] * [[2005 in Switzerland]] * [[Communications in Switzerland]] * [[Data codes for Switzerland]] * [[Education in Switzerland]] * [[Enlargement of the European Union]] * [[List of cities in Switzerland]] * [[List of Swiss people]] * [[List of Switzerland-related topics]] * [[Military of Switzerland]] * [[Stamps and postal history of Switzerland]] * [[Swiss citizenship]] * [[Third country relationships with the EU]] * [[Transportation in Switzerland]] == External links == {{pic}} *Governmental websites **[http://www.admin.ch/ch/index.en.html The Federal Authorities] **[http://www.parlament.ch/e/homepage.htm The Swiss Parliament] **[http://www.bger.ch Federal Supreme Court] - (in German, French and Italian) **[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office] *[http://www.swissinfo.org/ Switzerland's news and information platform] - maintained by the public Swiss Broadcasting Corporation (in 9 languages) *[http://www.dhs.ch/ Historical Dictionary of Switzerland] - Country encyclopedia (in German, French and Italian) *[http://www.swissworld.org Swissworld] - an encyclopedic presentation of the country by the Swiss Confederation *[http://www.about.ch/ About.ch] - another presentation of the country *[http://www.earth-photography.com/Countries/Switzerland Switzerland Pictures] - Photos of cities and nature in Switzerland *[http://www.myswitzerland.com Switzerland Tourism] National tourist office *[http://www.culturelinks.ch/ Culturelinks.ch] - a portal giving access to Swiss culture websites *[http://www.are.ch Spatial Planning in Switzerland] Website of Swiss Federal Office for Spatial Development (land-use planning, transportation, sustainable development) *[[:als:|Alemannic Wikipedia]] {{Europe}} [[Category:Switzerland|*]] [[als:Schweiz]] [[af:Switserland]] [[ar:سويسرا]] [[ast:Suiza]] [[bg:Швейцария]] [[be:Швайцарыя]] [[ca:Suïssa]] [[cs:Švýcarsko]] [[cy:Y Swistir]] [[da:Schweiz]] [[de:Schweiz]] [[et:Šveits]] [[el:Ελβετία]] [[es:Suiza]] [[eo:Svislando]] [[fo:Sveis]] [[fr:Suisse]] [[fy:Switserlân]] [[ga:An Eilvéis]] [[gd:An Eilbheis]] [[gl:Suíza - Schweiz]] [[ko:스위스]] [[hr:Švicarska]] [[hu:Svájc]] [[ia:Suissa]] [[io:Suisia]] [[id:Swiss]] [[is:Sviss]] [[it:Svizzera]] [[he:שוויץ]] [[la:Helvetia]] [[lb:Schwäiz]] [[lt:Šveicarija]] [[li:Zwitserland]] [[zh-min-nan:Sūi-se]] [[mk:Швајцарија]] [[ms:Switzerland]] [[nl:Zwitserland]] [[nds:Swiez]] [[ja:スイス]] [[nb:Sveits]] [[nn:Sveits]] [[pl:Szwajcaria]] [[pt:Suíça]] [[ro:Elveţia]] [[rm:Svizra]] [[ru:Швейцария]] [[scn:Svizzira]] [[simple:Switzerland]] [[sk:Švajčiarsko]] [[sl:Švica]] [[sr:Швајцарска]] [[fi:Sveitsi]] [[sv:Schweiz]] [[tl:Switzerland]] [[th:ประเทศสวิตเซอร์แลนด์]] [[vi:Thụy Sĩ]] [[tr:İsviçre]] [[uk:Швейцарія]] [[yi:שװײץ]] [[zh:瑞士]] 5517 2005-07-22T16:13:03Z 81.134.8.164 /* History */ The '''Swiss Confederation''' or '''Switzerland''' is a landlocked federal state in [[Europe]], which borders [[Germany]], [[France]], [[Italy]], [[Austria]] and [[Liechtenstein]]. The country has a strong tradition of [[neutral country|political and military neutrality]], but also of international co-operation, and is home to many international organisations. ''Confœderatio Helvetica'' (CH), the [[Latin]] version of the official name, avoids choosing one of the four official languages. The abbreviation is similarly used; for example, it is used as Switzerland's [[country code top-level domain|ccTLD]], [[.ch]]. {{Infobox_country| common_name = Switzerland | native_name = Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft<br>Confédération suisse<br>Confederazione Svizzera<br>Confederaziun Svizra<br>Confœderatio Helvetica| image_flag = Switzerland flag 300.png | image_coat = BlasonSUISSE.PNG | image_map = LocationSwitzerland.png | national_motto = Unus pro omnibus, omnes pro uno<br>(English: One for all, all for one)| national_anthem = [[Swiss Psalm]] | official_languages = [[Alemani]], [[Lifalansé]], [[Italiano]], [[Romanshi]]| capital = [[Bern]] |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| largest_city = [[Zurich]] | government_type = [[Republiki Fedelali]] | leader_titles = [[Lisanga Fedelali ya Swisi|Lisanga Fedelali]]| leader_names = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[Moritz Leuenberger]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|VP 2005]])</small><br>[[Pascal Couchepin]]<br>[[Joseph Deiss]]<br>[[Samuel Schmid]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Micheline Calmy-Rey]]<br>[[Christoph Blocher]]<br>[[Hans-Rudolf Merz]]| area = 41,285|area_rank=132nd|area_magnitude=1 E10|percent_water=4.2| population_estimate = 7,399,100|population_estimate_year=2003|population_estimate_rank=92nd | population_density = 181|population_density_rank=44th | population_census = 7,288,010|population_census_year=2000| GDP_PPP = $233 billion|GDP_PPP_year=2003|GDP_PPP_rank=35th| GDP_nominal = $309 billion|GDP_nominal_year=2003|GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,186|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=8th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $42,138|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=3rd| sovereignty_type =[[Independence]] | established_events =- Declared<br> - Recognised<br>Federal state | established_dates =[[Lisakoli Fedelali ya 1921|Lisakoli Fedelali]]<br> [[August 1]], [[1291]]<br> [[October 24]], [[1648]]<br>[[1848]]| currency = [[Fran Swisi]]|currency_code=CHF| time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.ch]] | calling_code = 41| footnotes = | }} == Historia == ''Article ya molayi: [[Historia ya Swisi]]'' Switzerland is a federation of relatively autonomous [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]]s, some of which have a history of confederacy that goes back more than 700 years, arguably putting them among the world's oldest surviving [[republic]]s. According to the popular legend, in [[1291]], representatives of the '''[[three forest cantons]]''' of [[Canton of Uri|Uri]], [[Schwyz]], and [[Unterwalden]] signed the [[Federal Charter of 1291|Federal Charter]]. The charter united the involved parties in the struggle against foreign rule by the [[Habsburg]]s, who then held the German imperial throne of the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. At the [[Battle of Morgarten]] in [[1315]], the Swiss defeated the Habsburg army and secured quasi-independence as the Swiss Confederation. The authenticity of the Federal Charter is disputed with many historians agreeing that it is in fact a forgery of the [[14th century]]. By [[1353]], the three original cantons had been joined by the cantons of [[Glarus]] and [[Zug]] and the city states of [[Lucerne]], [[Zürich]] and [[Berne]], forming the "Old Federation" of eight states that persisted during much of the [[15th century]] (although Zürich was expelled from the confederation during the [[1440s]] due to a territorial conflict) and led to a significant increase of power and wealth of the federation, in particular due to the victories over [[Charles the Bold]] of [[Burgundy]] during the [[1470s]], and the success of the Swiss [[mercenary|mercenaries]]. The traditional listing order of the [[cantons of Switzerland]] reflects this state, listing the eight "Old Cantons" first, with the city states preceding the founding cantons, followed by cantons that joined the federation after [[1481]], in historical order. The Swiss victory in a war against the [[Swabian League]] in [[1499]] amounted to de facto independence from the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. In [[1506]], Pope [[Julius II]] engaged the [[Swiss Guard]] that continues to serve the [[Vatican]] to the present day. The expansion of the federation, and the reputation of invincibility acquired during the earlier wars, suffered a first setback in [[1515]] with the Swiss defeat in the [[Battle of Marignano]]. The success of [[Zwingli]]'s [[Reformation]] in some cantons led to inter-cantonal wars in [[1529]] and [[1531]] (''Kappeler Kriege''). The conflict between Catholic and Protestant cantons persisted, erupting in further violence at the [[battles of Villmergen]] in [[1656]] and [[1712]]. [[Image:Stumpf-Chronik-Zug.png|left|200px|thumb|1548 view of [[Zug]]]] Under the [[Treaty of Westphalia]] in [[1648]], European countries recognised Switzerland's independence from the Holy Roman Empire and its [[neutral country|neutrality]] (''ancien r&eacute;gime''). In [[1798]], armies of the [[French Revolution]] conquered Switzerland and in [[1803]], [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] imposed a new constitution, largely restoring Swiss autonomy. The [[Congress of Vienna]] in [[1815]] fully re-established Swiss independence and the European powers agreed to permanently recognise the Swiss neutrality. At this time, the territory of Switzerland was increased for the last time, by the new cantons of [[Valais]], [[Canton of Neuchâtel|Neuchatel]] and [[Canton of Geneva|Geneva]]. In [[1847]], a civil war broke out between the Catholic and the Protestant cantons (''Sonderbundskrieg''). Its immediate cause was a 'special treaty' (''[[Sonderbund]]'') of the Catholic cantons. The war lasted for less than a month, causing fewer than 100 casualties. Apart from small riots, this was the latest armed conflict on Swiss territory. As a consequence of the civil war, Switzerland adopted a federal [[constitution]] in [[1848]], amending it extensively in [[1874]] and establishing federal responsibility for defence, trade, and legal matters. In [[1891]], the constitution was revised with unusually strong elements of [[direct democracy]], which remains unique even today. Since then, continued political, economic, and social improvement has characterised Swiss history. In [[1920]], Switzerland joined the [[League of Nations]], and in [[1963]] the [[Council of Europe]]. Switzerland proclaimed neutrality in [[World War I]] and was not involved militarily in the conflict. Neutrality was again proclaimed in [[World War II]], and although a German intervention was both planned and anticipated, it ultimately didn't occur. The massive mobilization of Swiss armed forces under the leadership of General [[Henri Guisan]] is often cited as a decisive factor that the German invasion was never initiated. Modern historical findings, such as the research done by the [[Bergier commission]], indicate that another major factor was the continued trade by Swiss banks with Nazi Germany. Women were granted the right to vote in the first cantons in [[1959]], at the federal level in [[1971]], in the last canton only in [[1990]]. In [[1979]], parts of the canton of [[Berne]] attained independence, forming the new [[canton of Jura]]. On April 18, [[1999]] the Swiss population and the cantons voted in favor of a completely revised federal [[constitution]]. In [[2002]] Switzerland became a full member of the [[United Nations]], leaving the [[Vatican]] as the last widely recognized state without full UN membership. Switzerland is not a member state of the [[EU]] but applied for membership therein in May 1992. Switzerland has not advanced this application since the rejection, by referendum, of the [[European Economic Area]] in December 1992. However, Swiss law is gradually being adjusted to that of the EU and the government has signed a number of [[bilateral agreements]] with the European Union. Switzerland (together with [[Liechtenstein]]) has been surrounded by the EU since [[Austria|Austria's]] membership in [[1995]]. On June 5, [[2005]], Swiss voters agreed, by a 55% majority, to join the [[Schengen treaty]], a result that was welcomed by EU commentators as a sign of goodwill by a Switzerland that is traditionally perceived as isolationist. [[Image:Carte suisse2.png|thumb|310px|left|Swisi]] == Politiki == ''Main article: [[Politiki ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Curia Confoederationis Heleticae - Swiss parliament and government.jpg|right|200px|thumb|[[Curia Confoederationis Helveticae]] in [[Bern]]]] Switzerland features a system of government unlike any other seen in [[Europe]], or indeed much of the world. The bicameral Swiss [[parliament]], the Federal Assembly, is the primary seat of power, apart from the Federal Council. Both houses, the [[Swiss Council of States|Council of States]] and the [[National Council of Switzerland|National Council]], have equal powers in all respects, including the right to introduce legislation. Under the [[1999]] [[constitution]], cantons hold all powers not specifically delegated to the federation. The 46 members of the Council of States (two from each canton and one from former half cantons) are directly elected in each canton, whereas the 200 members of the National Council are elected directly under a system of [[proportional representation]]. Members of both houses serve for 4 years. Through [[referenda]] citizens may challenge any law voted by federal parliament and through [[initiative]]s introduce amendments to the federal constitution, making Switzerland a [[semi-direct democracy]]. The top [[executive]] body and collective [[Head of State]] is the [[Swiss Federal Council|Federal Council]], a collegial body of seven members. Although the constitution provides that the Assembly elects and supervises the members of the Council, the latter (and its administration) has gradually assumed a preeminent role in directing the [[legislative]] process as well as executing federal laws. The [[President of the Swiss Confederation|President of the Confederation]] is elected from the seven. During a one year term, s/he assumes special representative functions. From 1959 to December 2003, the four major parties were represented in the Federal Council according to the "magic formula", proportional to their representation in federal parliament: 2 [[Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland|Christian Democrats (CVP/PDC)]], 2 from the [[Social Democratic Party of Switzerland|Social Democrats (SPS/PSS)]], 2 [[Radical Free Democratic Party of Switzerland|Free Democrats (FDP/PRD)]], and 1 from the [[Swiss People's Party|Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC)]]. This traditional distribution of seats, however, is not backed up by any law, and in the 2003 elections to the Federal Council the CVP/PDC lost their second seat to the SVP/UDC. The function of the [[Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland|Federal Supreme Court]] is to hear appeals of cantonal courts or the administrative rulings of the federal administration. The judges are elected by the Federal Assembly for six-year terms. Citizens may seek a decision on an [[amendment]] they want to make to the Constitution. For such an amendment initiative to be organized,the signatures of 100,000 voters must be collected within 18 months. They are the driving force behind [[direct democracy]]. A [[popular initiative]] may be formulated as a general proposal or - much more often - be put forward as a precise new text whose wording can no longer be changed by [[Parliament]] and the Government. Since 1987, voters may approve both the [[initiative]] and the [[counter-proposal]]. A deciding question determines which of the two texts will enter into force if both of them secure a popular majority and a majority of the [[States]]. Popular initiatives do not originate from the [[Parliament]] or [[Government]] but from the citizens themselves. See also: * [[International relations of Switzerland]] == Ba Kanton (Provinsi Fedelali) == ''Article molayi: [[Ba Kanton ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Schweiz graubuenden sent.jpg|right|180px|thumb|Wintertime view of [[Sent]], in the eastern canton of [[Graubünden]].]] The Swiss Confederation consists of 26 [[canton (subnational entity)|canton]]s: <table><tr valign=top><td> *[[Aargau]] (Argovia) *[[Appenzell Innerrhoden]] (Inner Rhodes) * *[[Appenzell Ausserrhoden]] (Outer Rhodes) * *[[Basel-Stadt]] (Basle-City) * *[[Basel-Landschaft]] (Basle-Country) * *[[Canton of Bern|Bern]] (Berne) *[[Canton of Fribourg|Fribourg]] (Freiburg) *[[Canton of Geneva|Geneva]] (Genève) *[[Canton of Glarus|Glarus]] *[[Graubünden]] (Grischun/Grigioni) *[[Canton of Jura|Jura]] *[[Canton of Lucerne|Lucerne]] (Luzern) *[[Canton of Neuchâtel|Neuchâtel]] <td> *[[Nidwalden]] * *[[Obwalden]] * *[[Canton of Schaffhausen|Schaffhausen]] *[[Canton of Schwyz|Schwyz]] *[[Canton of Solothurn|Solothurn]] (Soleure) *[[Canton of St. Gallen|St. Gallen]] (St. Gall) *[[Thurgau]] (Thurgovia) *[[Ticino]] *[[Canton of Uri|Uri]] *[[Valais]] (Wallis) *[[Vaud]] *[[Canton of Zug|Zug]] *[[Canton of Zurich|Zürich]] (Zurich) </table> <small>[*] these Cantons are represented by only one councilor in the [[Swiss Council of States|Council of States]]. The population varies between 15,000 (Appenzell Innerrhoden) and 1,253,500 (Zürich), area between 37 km² (Basel-Stadt) and 7,105 km² (Grisons). Cantons are divided in a total of [[municipalities of Switzerland|2,889 municipalities]]. The following are [[enclave]]s within Switzerland: [[Büsingen]] is territory of [[Germany]], [[Campione d'Italia]] is territory of [[Italy]]. == Jyografi == ''Main article: [[Jyografi ya Swiss]]'' [[Image:Map-of-Switzerland.png|thumb|right|Map of Switzerland (overview)]] With an area of 41,000 square kilometers, Switzerland is a small country. The population is around 7.4 million, resulting in a population density of 184 people per km² (roughly comparable to the [[USA|U. S.]] state of [[Maryland]]). The Swiss landscape is characterised by the [[Alps]], a high mountain range running across the central-south of the country. Amongst the high peaks of the [[Swiss Alps]], the highest of which is the [[Dufour Peak]] at [[1 E3 m|4,634 m]], are found countless valleys, some with [[glacier]]s. From these the headwaters of several major European rivers such as the [[Rhine]], the [[Rhone River|Rhône]], the [[Inn River|Inn]], the [[Aare]] or the [[Ticino River|Ticino]], flow down into lakes such as [[Lake Geneva]], [[Lake Zürich]], [[Lake Neuchâtel]], and [[Lake Constance]] and farther down. Switzerland is made up of the Swiss Alps, Mittelland, and Jura. [[Image:swissmap.png|thumb|left|Map of Switzerland (detailed)]] The northern, more populous part of the country is more open, but can still be fairly mountainous such as with the [[Jura Mountains]], a smaller range in the northwest. The Swiss [[climate]] is generally [[temperate climate|temperate]], but it can vary greatly locally, from the harsh conditions on the high mountains to the pleasant Mediterranean climate at Switzerland's southern tip. A zoomable map of Switzerland is available at either [http://www.swissinfo-geo.org www.swissinfo-geo.org] or [http://www.swissgeo.ch www.swissgeo.ch], a zoomable satellite picture at [http://map.search.ch/ map.search.ch]. <br style="clear:both;"/> ''See also:'' [[Swisstopo]] topographical survey, [[List of lakes of Switzerland]], [[List of rivers of Switzerland]], [[List of mountain passes in Switzerland]]. == Economy == ''Main article: [[Economy of Switzerland]]'' Switzerland is a prosperous and stable modern market economy with a per capita [[Gross Domestic Product|GDP]] higher than that of the big western European economies. Switzerland is a member of the [[European Free Trade Association]]. The Swiss in recent years have brought their economic practices largely into conformity with the [[European Union]]'s to enhance their international competitiveness. Full EU membership is a long-term objective of the Swiss government, but there is considerable popular sentiment against this. To this end, it has established an [http://www.europa.admin.ch/e/index.htm Integration Office] under the Department of Foreign and Economic Affairs. In order to minimise the negative consequences of Switzerland's isolation from the rest of Europe, Bern and Brussels signed seven agreements, called Bilateral Agreements I, to further liberalise trade ties in [[1999]] and entering into force in 2001. This first series of bilateral agreements included the free movement of persons. A second series covering nine areas was signed in 2004 and is waiting ratification. The second series includes the [[Schengen treaty]] and the [[Dublin Convention]]. They continue to discuss further areas for cooperation. Switzerland voted against membership in the [[European Economic Area]] in December 1992 and has since maintained and developed its relationships with the European Union and European countries via bilateral agreements. * [[List of Swiss companies]] == Demographics == ''Main article: [[Demographics of Switzerland]]'' [[Image:Swiss languages.png|thumb|The languages of Switzerland: <br>[[German language|German]] (63.7%; yellow), <br>[[French language|French]] (19.2%; purple), <br>[[Italian language|Italian]] (7.6%; green), <br>[[Romansh language|Romansh]] (0.6%; red)]] Switzerland sits at the crossroads of several major European cultures, which have heavily influenced the country's languages and cultural practices. Switzerland has four official languages: [[German language|German]] (64%; yellow) in the north and centre, [[French language|French]] (19%; purple) to the west, [[Italian language|Italian]] (8%; green) in the south, and finally [[Romansh language|Romansh]], a [[Romance language]] spoken by a small minority (<1%; red) in the southeastern canton of [[Graubünden]] and parts of [[Ticino]]. There is no obligation for the state to translate its communication in all four languages, so most communication is in three languages and only some very important documents are translated to Romansh. Indeed, in the parliament, German, French and Italian are the official languages and simultaneous translation is provided. The German spoken in Switzerland is predominantly a group of [[dialect]]s that are almost unintelligible to Germans and are collectively known as [[Swiss German]], but newspapers and some broadcasts use [[High German]], which is also the predominant language in the German part for any written communication. [[Swiss French]] and [[Swiss Italian]] differ far less from their counterparts spoken in France and Italy. Learning one of the other national languages is obligatory for all Swiss, so most Swiss speak two or more languages. It should also be noted that [[English]] is a Swiss [[lingua franca]], and, in fact, most, if not all Swiss, have some command of English. Many Swiss documents and websites are also available in English. Resident foreigners and temporary foreign workers make up about 20% of the population. The largest religion in Switzerland is [[Roman Catholicism]], to which some 43% of the population adhere. Various [[Protestant]] faiths number some 35% of the population, and immigration has established [[Islam]] (4%) and [[Eastern Orthodoxy]] (2%) as sizable minority religions. The remainder belongs to very small minorities or is unaffiliated. The stability and prosperity of Switzerland, combined with a linguistically and religiously diverse population has led some to describe the country as a consensus state or a [[consociational state]]. * [[List of Swiss people]] == Culture == ''Main article: [[Culture of Switzerland]]'' The culture of Switzerland is influenced by its neighbours, but over the years a distinctive culture with strong regional differences has developed. Traditionally Switzerland is not considered one of the centres of European culture, but this conception might be deceptive. A number of culturally active Swiss have chosen to move abroad, probably given the limited opportunities in their homeland. At the same time, the neutrality of Switzerland has attracted many creative people from all over the world. In war times the tradition of political asylum helped to attract artists, whilst recently low taxes seem predominant. Strong regionalism in Switzerland makes it difficult to speak of a homogenous Swiss culture. The influence of German, French and Italian culture on their neighbouring parts and the influence of Anglo-American culture cannot be denied. The Rhaeto-Romanic culture in the eastern mountains of Switzerland is robust. The Swiss are noted for their [[bank]]s, their [[chocolate]], their [[Swiss cheese|cheese]], their [[Swiss Army knife|pocket knives]], their [[watch|watches]] (particularly the famous [[Rolex]]), their private [[boarding school]]s and their strengths in engineering and the [[Culture of Switzerland#Science|sciences]]. The tallest building in Switzerland is the [[Basler Messeturm]]. * [[Music of Switzerland]] * [[Culture of Switzerland]] * [[Swiss cuisine]] * [[SRG SSR idée suisse]] * [[Switzerland in popular culture]] == Miscellaneous topics == * [[2004 in Switzerland]] * [[2005 in Switzerland]] * [[Communications in Switzerland]] * [[Data codes for Switzerland]] * [[Education in Switzerland]] * [[Enlargement of the European Union]] * [[List of cities in Switzerland]] * [[List of Swiss people]] * [[List of Switzerland-related topics]] * [[Military of Switzerland]] * [[Stamps and postal history of Switzerland]] * [[Swiss citizenship]] * [[Third country relationships with the EU]] * [[Transportation in Switzerland]] == External links == {{pic}} *Governmental websites **[http://www.admin.ch/ch/index.en.html The Federal Authorities] **[http://www.parlament.ch/e/homepage.htm The Swiss Parliament] **[http://www.bger.ch Federal Supreme Court] - (in German, French and Italian) **[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office] *[http://www.swissinfo.org/ Switzerland's news and information platform] - maintained by the public Swiss Broadcasting Corporation (in 9 languages) *[http://www.dhs.ch/ Historical Dictionary of Switzerland] - Country encyclopedia (in German, French and Italian) *[http://www.swissworld.org Swissworld] - an encyclopedic presentation of the country by the Swiss Confederation *[http://www.about.ch/ About.ch] - another presentation of the country *[http://www.earth-photography.com/Countries/Switzerland Switzerland Pictures] - Photos of cities and nature in Switzerland *[http://www.myswitzerland.com Switzerland Tourism] National tourist office *[http://www.culturelinks.ch/ Culturelinks.ch] - a portal giving access to Swiss culture websites *[http://www.are.ch Spatial Planning in Switzerland] Website of Swiss Federal Office for Spatial Development (land-use planning, transportation, sustainable development) *[[:als:|Alemannic Wikipedia]] {{Europe}} [[Category:Switzerland|*]] [[als:Schweiz]] [[af:Switserland]] [[ar:سويسرا]] [[ast:Suiza]] [[bg:Швейцария]] [[be:Швайцарыя]] [[ca:Suïssa]] [[cs:Švýcarsko]] [[cy:Y Swistir]] [[da:Schweiz]] [[de:Schweiz]] [[et:Šveits]] [[el:Ελβετία]] [[es:Suiza]] [[eo:Svislando]] [[fo:Sveis]] [[fr:Suisse]] [[fy:Switserlân]] [[ga:An Eilvéis]] [[gd:An Eilbheis]] [[gl:Suíza - Schweiz]] [[ko:스위스]] [[hr:Švicarska]] [[hu:Svájc]] [[ia:Suissa]] [[io:Suisia]] [[id:Swiss]] [[is:Sviss]] [[it:Svizzera]] [[he:שוויץ]] [[la:Helvetia]] [[lb:Schwäiz]] [[lt:Šveicarija]] [[li:Zwitserland]] [[zh-min-nan:Sūi-se]] [[mk:Швајцарија]] [[ms:Switzerland]] [[nl:Zwitserland]] [[nds:Swiez]] [[ja:スイス]] [[nb:Sveits]] [[nn:Sveits]] [[pl:Szwajcaria]] [[pt:Suíça]] [[ro:Elveţia]] [[rm:Svizra]] [[ru:Швейцария]] [[scn:Svizzira]] [[simple:Switzerland]] [[sk:Švajčiarsko]] [[sl:Švica]] [[sr:Швајцарска]] [[fi:Sveitsi]] [[sv:Schweiz]] [[tl:Switzerland]] [[th:ประเทศสวิตเซอร์แลนด์]] [[vi:Thụy Sĩ]] [[tr:İsviçre]] [[uk:Швейцарія]] [[yi:שװײץ]] [[zh:瑞士]] 5574 2005-07-24T01:07:04Z Themalau 22 The '''Swiss Confederation''' or '''Switzerland''' is a landlocked federal state in [[Europe]], which borders [[Germany]], [[France]], [[Italy]], [[Austria]] and [[Liechtenstein]]. The country has a strong tradition of [[neutral country|political and military neutrality]], but also of international co-operation, and is home to many international organisations. ''Confœderatio Helvetica'' (CH), the [[Latin]] version of the official name, avoids choosing one of the four official languages. The abbreviation is similarly used; for example, it is used as Switzerland's [[country code top-level domain|ccTLD]], [[.ch]]. {{Infobox_country| common_name = Swisi | native_name = Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft<br>Confédération suisse<br>Confederazione Svizzera<br>Confederaziun Svizra<br>Confœderatio Helvetica| image_flag = Switzerland flag 300.png | image_coat = BlasonSUISSE.PNG | image_map = LocationSwitzerland.png | national_motto = Unus pro omnibus, omnes pro uno<br>(English: One for all, all for one)| national_anthem = [[Swiss Psalm]] | official_languages = [[Alemani]], [[Lifalansé]], [[Italiano]], [[Romanshi]]| capital = [[Bern]] |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| largest_city = [[Zurich]] | government_type = [[Republiki Fedelali]] | leader_titles = [[Lisanga Fedelali ya Swisi|Lisanga Fedelali]]| leader_names = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[Moritz Leuenberger]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|VP 2005]])</small><br>[[Pascal Couchepin]]<br>[[Joseph Deiss]]<br>[[Samuel Schmid]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Micheline Calmy-Rey]]<br>[[Christoph Blocher]]<br>[[Hans-Rudolf Merz]]| area = 41,285|area_rank=132nd|area_magnitude=1 E10|percent_water=4.2| population_estimate = 7,399,100|population_estimate_year=2003|population_estimate_rank=92nd | population_density = 181|population_density_rank=44th | population_census = 7,288,010|population_census_year=2000| GDP_PPP = $233 billion|GDP_PPP_year=2003|GDP_PPP_rank=35th| GDP_nominal = $309 billion|GDP_nominal_year=2003|GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,186|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=8th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $42,138|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=3rd| sovereignty_type =[[Independence]] | established_events =- Declared<br> - Recognised<br>Federal state | established_dates =[[Lisakoli Fedelali ya 1921|Lisakoli Fedelali]]<br> [[August 1]], [[1291]]<br> [[October 24]], [[1648]]<br>[[1848]]| currency = [[Fran Swisi]]|currency_code=CHF| time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.ch]] | calling_code = 41| footnotes = | }} == Historia == ''Article ya molayi: [[Historia ya Swisi]]'' Switzerland is a federation of relatively autonomous [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]]s, some of which have a history of confederacy that goes back more than 700 years, arguably putting them among the world's oldest surviving [[republic]]s. According to the popular legend, in [[1291]], representatives of the '''[[three forest cantons]]''' of [[Canton of Uri|Uri]], [[Schwyz]], and [[Unterwalden]] signed the [[Federal Charter of 1291|Federal Charter]]. The charter united the involved parties in the struggle against foreign rule by the [[Habsburg]]s, who then held the German imperial throne of the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. At the [[Battle of Morgarten]] in [[1315]], the Swiss defeated the Habsburg army and secured quasi-independence as the Swiss Confederation. The authenticity of the Federal Charter is disputed with many historians agreeing that it is in fact a forgery of the [[14th century]]. By [[1353]], the three original cantons had been joined by the cantons of [[Glarus]] and [[Zug]] and the city states of [[Lucerne]], [[Zürich]] and [[Berne]], forming the "Old Federation" of eight states that persisted during much of the [[15th century]] (although Zürich was expelled from the confederation during the [[1440s]] due to a territorial conflict) and led to a significant increase of power and wealth of the federation, in particular due to the victories over [[Charles the Bold]] of [[Burgundy]] during the [[1470s]], and the success of the Swiss [[mercenary|mercenaries]]. The traditional listing order of the [[cantons of Switzerland]] reflects this state, listing the eight "Old Cantons" first, with the city states preceding the founding cantons, followed by cantons that joined the federation after [[1481]], in historical order. The Swiss victory in a war against the [[Swabian League]] in [[1499]] amounted to de facto independence from the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. In [[1506]], Pope [[Julius II]] engaged the [[Swiss Guard]] that continues to serve the [[Vatican]] to the present day. The expansion of the federation, and the reputation of invincibility acquired during the earlier wars, suffered a first setback in [[1515]] with the Swiss defeat in the [[Battle of Marignano]]. The success of [[Zwingli]]'s [[Reformation]] in some cantons led to inter-cantonal wars in [[1529]] and [[1531]] (''Kappeler Kriege''). The conflict between Catholic and Protestant cantons persisted, erupting in further violence at the [[battles of Villmergen]] in [[1656]] and [[1712]]. [[Image:Stumpf-Chronik-Zug.png|left|200px|thumb|1548 view of [[Zug]]]] Under the [[Treaty of Westphalia]] in [[1648]], European countries recognised Switzerland's independence from the Holy Roman Empire and its [[neutral country|neutrality]] (''ancien r&eacute;gime''). In [[1798]], armies of the [[French Revolution]] conquered Switzerland and in [[1803]], [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] imposed a new constitution, largely restoring Swiss autonomy. The [[Congress of Vienna]] in [[1815]] fully re-established Swiss independence and the European powers agreed to permanently recognise the Swiss neutrality. At this time, the territory of Switzerland was increased for the last time, by the new cantons of [[Valais]], [[Canton of Neuchâtel|Neuchatel]] and [[Canton of Geneva|Geneva]]. In [[1847]], a civil war broke out between the Catholic and the Protestant cantons (''Sonderbundskrieg''). Its immediate cause was a 'special treaty' (''[[Sonderbund]]'') of the Catholic cantons. The war lasted for less than a month, causing fewer than 100 casualties. Apart from small riots, this was the latest armed conflict on Swiss territory. As a consequence of the civil war, Switzerland adopted a federal [[constitution]] in [[1848]], amending it extensively in [[1874]] and establishing federal responsibility for defence, trade, and legal matters. In [[1891]], the constitution was revised with unusually strong elements of [[direct democracy]], which remains unique even today. Since then, continued political, economic, and social improvement has characterised Swiss history. In [[1920]], Switzerland joined the [[League of Nations]], and in [[1963]] the [[Council of Europe]]. Switzerland proclaimed neutrality in [[World War I]] and was not involved militarily in the conflict. Neutrality was again proclaimed in [[World War II]], and although a German intervention was both planned and anticipated, it ultimately didn't occur. The massive mobilization of Swiss armed forces under the leadership of General [[Henri Guisan]] is often cited as a decisive factor that the German invasion was never initiated. Modern historical findings, such as the research done by the [[Bergier commission]], indicate that another major factor was the continued trade by Swiss banks with Nazi Germany. Women were granted the right to vote in the first cantons in [[1959]], at the federal level in [[1971]], in the last canton only in [[1990]]. In [[1979]], parts of the canton of [[Berne]] attained independence, forming the new [[canton of Jura]]. On April 18, [[1999]] the Swiss population and the cantons voted in favor of a completely revised federal [[constitution]]. In [[2002]] Switzerland became a full member of the [[United Nations]], leaving the [[Vatican]] as the last widely recognized state without full UN membership. Switzerland is not a member state of the [[EU]] but applied for membership therein in May 1992. Switzerland has not advanced this application since the rejection, by referendum, of the [[European Economic Area]] in December 1992. However, Swiss law is gradually being adjusted to that of the EU and the government has signed a number of [[bilateral agreements]] with the European Union. Switzerland (together with [[Liechtenstein]]) has been surrounded by the EU since [[Austria|Austria's]] membership in [[1995]]. On June 5, [[2005]], Swiss voters agreed, by a 55% majority, to join the [[Schengen treaty]], a result that was welcomed by EU commentators as a sign of goodwill by a Switzerland that is traditionally perceived as isolationist. [[Image:Carte suisse2.png|thumb|310px|left|Swisi]] == Politiki == ''Main article: [[Politiki ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Curia Confoederationis Heleticae - Swiss parliament and government.jpg|right|200px|thumb|[[Curia Confoederationis Helveticae]] in [[Bern]]]] Switzerland features a system of government unlike any other seen in [[Europe]], or indeed much of the world. The bicameral Swiss [[parliament]], the Federal Assembly, is the primary seat of power, apart from the Federal Council. Both houses, the [[Swiss Council of States|Council of States]] and the [[National Council of Switzerland|National Council]], have equal powers in all respects, including the right to introduce legislation. Under the [[1999]] [[constitution]], cantons hold all powers not specifically delegated to the federation. The 46 members of the Council of States (two from each canton and one from former half cantons) are directly elected in each canton, whereas the 200 members of the National Council are elected directly under a system of [[proportional representation]]. Members of both houses serve for 4 years. Through [[referenda]] citizens may challenge any law voted by federal parliament and through [[initiative]]s introduce amendments to the federal constitution, making Switzerland a [[semi-direct democracy]]. The top [[executive]] body and collective [[Head of State]] is the [[Swiss Federal Council|Federal Council]], a collegial body of seven members. Although the constitution provides that the Assembly elects and supervises the members of the Council, the latter (and its administration) has gradually assumed a preeminent role in directing the [[legislative]] process as well as executing federal laws. The [[President of the Swiss Confederation|President of the Confederation]] is elected from the seven. During a one year term, s/he assumes special representative functions. From 1959 to December 2003, the four major parties were represented in the Federal Council according to the "magic formula", proportional to their representation in federal parliament: 2 [[Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland|Christian Democrats (CVP/PDC)]], 2 from the [[Social Democratic Party of Switzerland|Social Democrats (SPS/PSS)]], 2 [[Radical Free Democratic Party of Switzerland|Free Democrats (FDP/PRD)]], and 1 from the [[Swiss People's Party|Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC)]]. This traditional distribution of seats, however, is not backed up by any law, and in the 2003 elections to the Federal Council the CVP/PDC lost their second seat to the SVP/UDC. The function of the [[Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland|Federal Supreme Court]] is to hear appeals of cantonal courts or the administrative rulings of the federal administration. The judges are elected by the Federal Assembly for six-year terms. Citizens may seek a decision on an [[amendment]] they want to make to the Constitution. For such an amendment initiative to be organized,the signatures of 100,000 voters must be collected within 18 months. They are the driving force behind [[direct democracy]]. A [[popular initiative]] may be formulated as a general proposal or - much more often - be put forward as a precise new text whose wording can no longer be changed by [[Parliament]] and the Government. Since 1987, voters may approve both the [[initiative]] and the [[counter-proposal]]. A deciding question determines which of the two texts will enter into force if both of them secure a popular majority and a majority of the [[States]]. Popular initiatives do not originate from the [[Parliament]] or [[Government]] but from the citizens themselves. See also: * [[International relations of Switzerland]] == Ba Kanton (Provinsi Fedelali) == ''Article molayi: [[Ba Kanton ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Schweiz graubuenden sent.jpg|right|180px|thumb|Wintertime view of [[Sent]], in the eastern canton of [[Graubünden]].]] The Swiss Confederation consists of 26 [[canton (subnational entity)|canton]]s: <table><tr valign=top><td> *[[Aargau]] (Argovia) *[[Appenzell Innerrhoden]] (Inner Rhodes) * *[[Appenzell Ausserrhoden]] (Outer Rhodes) * *[[Basel-Stadt]] (Basle-City) * *[[Basel-Landschaft]] (Basle-Country) * *[[Canton of Bern|Bern]] (Berne) *[[Canton of Fribourg|Fribourg]] (Freiburg) *[[Canton of Geneva|Geneva]] (Genève) *[[Canton of Glarus|Glarus]] *[[Graubünden]] (Grischun/Grigioni) *[[Canton of Jura|Jura]] *[[Canton of Lucerne|Lucerne]] (Luzern) *[[Canton of Neuchâtel|Neuchâtel]] <td> *[[Nidwalden]] * *[[Obwalden]] * *[[Canton of Schaffhausen|Schaffhausen]] *[[Canton of Schwyz|Schwyz]] *[[Canton of Solothurn|Solothurn]] (Soleure) *[[Canton of St. Gallen|St. Gallen]] (St. Gall) *[[Thurgau]] (Thurgovia) *[[Ticino]] *[[Canton of Uri|Uri]] *[[Valais]] (Wallis) *[[Vaud]] *[[Canton of Zug|Zug]] *[[Canton of Zurich|Zürich]] (Zurich) </table> <small>[*] these Cantons are represented by only one councilor in the [[Swiss Council of States|Council of States]]. The population varies between 15,000 (Appenzell Innerrhoden) and 1,253,500 (Zürich), area between 37 km² (Basel-Stadt) and 7,105 km² (Grisons). Cantons are divided in a total of [[municipalities of Switzerland|2,889 municipalities]]. The following are [[enclave]]s within Switzerland: [[Büsingen]] is territory of [[Germany]], [[Campione d'Italia]] is territory of [[Italy]]. == Jyografi == ''Main article: [[Jyografi ya Swiss]]'' [[Image:Map-of-Switzerland.png|thumb|right|Map of Switzerland (overview)]] With an area of 41,000 square kilometers, Switzerland is a small country. The population is around 7.4 million, resulting in a population density of 184 people per km² (roughly comparable to the [[USA|U. S.]] state of [[Maryland]]). The Swiss landscape is characterised by the [[Alps]], a high mountain range running across the central-south of the country. Amongst the high peaks of the [[Swiss Alps]], the highest of which is the [[Dufour Peak]] at [[1 E3 m|4,634 m]], are found countless valleys, some with [[glacier]]s. From these the headwaters of several major European rivers such as the [[Rhine]], the [[Rhone River|Rhône]], the [[Inn River|Inn]], the [[Aare]] or the [[Ticino River|Ticino]], flow down into lakes such as [[Lake Geneva]], [[Lake Zürich]], [[Lake Neuchâtel]], and [[Lake Constance]] and farther down. Switzerland is made up of the Swiss Alps, Mittelland, and Jura. [[Image:swissmap.png|thumb|left|Map of Switzerland (detailed)]] The northern, more populous part of the country is more open, but can still be fairly mountainous such as with the [[Jura Mountains]], a smaller range in the northwest. The Swiss [[climate]] is generally [[temperate climate|temperate]], but it can vary greatly locally, from the harsh conditions on the high mountains to the pleasant Mediterranean climate at Switzerland's southern tip. A zoomable map of Switzerland is available at either [http://www.swissinfo-geo.org www.swissinfo-geo.org] or [http://www.swissgeo.ch www.swissgeo.ch], a zoomable satellite picture at [http://map.search.ch/ map.search.ch]. <br style="clear:both;"/> ''See also:'' [[Swisstopo]] topographical survey, [[List of lakes of Switzerland]], [[List of rivers of Switzerland]], [[List of mountain passes in Switzerland]]. == Economy == ''Main article: [[Economy of Switzerland]]'' Switzerland is a prosperous and stable modern market economy with a per capita [[Gross Domestic Product|GDP]] higher than that of the big western European economies. Switzerland is a member of the [[European Free Trade Association]]. The Swiss in recent years have brought their economic practices largely into conformity with the [[European Union]]'s to enhance their international competitiveness. Full EU membership is a long-term objective of the Swiss government, but there is considerable popular sentiment against this. To this end, it has established an [http://www.europa.admin.ch/e/index.htm Integration Office] under the Department of Foreign and Economic Affairs. In order to minimise the negative consequences of Switzerland's isolation from the rest of Europe, Bern and Brussels signed seven agreements, called Bilateral Agreements I, to further liberalise trade ties in [[1999]] and entering into force in 2001. This first series of bilateral agreements included the free movement of persons. A second series covering nine areas was signed in 2004 and is waiting ratification. The second series includes the [[Schengen treaty]] and the [[Dublin Convention]]. They continue to discuss further areas for cooperation. Switzerland voted against membership in the [[European Economic Area]] in December 1992 and has since maintained and developed its relationships with the European Union and European countries via bilateral agreements. * [[List of Swiss companies]] == Demographics == ''Main article: [[Demographics of Switzerland]]'' [[Image:Swiss languages.png|thumb|The languages of Switzerland: <br>[[German language|German]] (63.7%; yellow), <br>[[French language|French]] (19.2%; purple), <br>[[Italian language|Italian]] (7.6%; green), <br>[[Romansh language|Romansh]] (0.6%; red)]] Switzerland sits at the crossroads of several major European cultures, which have heavily influenced the country's languages and cultural practices. Switzerland has four official languages: [[German language|German]] (64%; yellow) in the north and centre, [[French language|French]] (19%; purple) to the west, [[Italian language|Italian]] (8%; green) in the south, and finally [[Romansh language|Romansh]], a [[Romance language]] spoken by a small minority (<1%; red) in the southeastern canton of [[Graubünden]] and parts of [[Ticino]]. There is no obligation for the state to translate its communication in all four languages, so most communication is in three languages and only some very important documents are translated to Romansh. Indeed, in the parliament, German, French and Italian are the official languages and simultaneous translation is provided. The German spoken in Switzerland is predominantly a group of [[dialect]]s that are almost unintelligible to Germans and are collectively known as [[Swiss German]], but newspapers and some broadcasts use [[High German]], which is also the predominant language in the German part for any written communication. [[Swiss French]] and [[Swiss Italian]] differ far less from their counterparts spoken in France and Italy. Learning one of the other national languages is obligatory for all Swiss, so most Swiss speak two or more languages. It should also be noted that [[English]] is a Swiss [[lingua franca]], and, in fact, most, if not all Swiss, have some command of English. Many Swiss documents and websites are also available in English. Resident foreigners and temporary foreign workers make up about 20% of the population. The largest religion in Switzerland is [[Roman Catholicism]], to which some 43% of the population adhere. Various [[Protestant]] faiths number some 35% of the population, and immigration has established [[Islam]] (4%) and [[Eastern Orthodoxy]] (2%) as sizable minority religions. The remainder belongs to very small minorities or is unaffiliated. The stability and prosperity of Switzerland, combined with a linguistically and religiously diverse population has led some to describe the country as a consensus state or a [[consociational state]]. * [[List of Swiss people]] == Culture == ''Main article: [[Culture of Switzerland]]'' The culture of Switzerland is influenced by its neighbours, but over the years a distinctive culture with strong regional differences has developed. Traditionally Switzerland is not considered one of the centres of European culture, but this conception might be deceptive. A number of culturally active Swiss have chosen to move abroad, probably given the limited opportunities in their homeland. At the same time, the neutrality of Switzerland has attracted many creative people from all over the world. In war times the tradition of political asylum helped to attract artists, whilst recently low taxes seem predominant. Strong regionalism in Switzerland makes it difficult to speak of a homogenous Swiss culture. The influence of German, French and Italian culture on their neighbouring parts and the influence of Anglo-American culture cannot be denied. The Rhaeto-Romanic culture in the eastern mountains of Switzerland is robust. The Swiss are noted for their [[bank]]s, their [[chocolate]], their [[Swiss cheese|cheese]], their [[Swiss Army knife|pocket knives]], their [[watch|watches]] (particularly the famous [[Rolex]]), their private [[boarding school]]s and their strengths in engineering and the [[Culture of Switzerland#Science|sciences]]. The tallest building in Switzerland is the [[Basler Messeturm]]. * [[Music of Switzerland]] * [[Culture of Switzerland]] * [[Swiss cuisine]] * [[SRG SSR idée suisse]] * [[Switzerland in popular culture]] == Miscellaneous topics == * [[2004 in Switzerland]] * [[2005 in Switzerland]] * [[Communications in Switzerland]] * [[Data codes for Switzerland]] * [[Education in Switzerland]] * [[Enlargement of the European Union]] * [[List of cities in Switzerland]] * [[List of Swiss people]] * [[List of Switzerland-related topics]] * [[Military of Switzerland]] * [[Stamps and postal history of Switzerland]] * [[Swiss citizenship]] * [[Third country relationships with the EU]] * [[Transportation in Switzerland]] == External links == {{pic}} *Governmental websites **[http://www.admin.ch/ch/index.en.html The Federal Authorities] **[http://www.parlament.ch/e/homepage.htm The Swiss Parliament] **[http://www.bger.ch Federal Supreme Court] - (in German, French and Italian) **[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office] *[http://www.swissinfo.org/ Switzerland's news and information platform] - maintained by the public Swiss Broadcasting Corporation (in 9 languages) *[http://www.dhs.ch/ Historical Dictionary of Switzerland] - Country encyclopedia (in German, French and Italian) *[http://www.swissworld.org Swissworld] - an encyclopedic presentation of the country by the Swiss Confederation *[http://www.about.ch/ About.ch] - another presentation of the country *[http://www.earth-photography.com/Countries/Switzerland Switzerland Pictures] - Photos of cities and nature in Switzerland *[http://www.myswitzerland.com Switzerland Tourism] National tourist office *[http://www.culturelinks.ch/ Culturelinks.ch] - a portal giving access to Swiss culture websites *[http://www.are.ch Spatial Planning in Switzerland] Website of Swiss Federal Office for Spatial Development (land-use planning, transportation, sustainable development) *[[:als:|Alemannic Wikipedia]] {{Europe}} [[Category:Switzerland|*]] [[als:Schweiz]] [[af:Switserland]] [[ar:سويسرا]] [[ast:Suiza]] [[bg:Швейцария]] [[be:Швайцарыя]] [[ca:Suïssa]] [[cs:Švýcarsko]] [[cy:Y Swistir]] [[da:Schweiz]] [[de:Schweiz]] [[et:Šveits]] [[el:Ελβετία]] [[es:Suiza]] [[eo:Svislando]] [[fo:Sveis]] [[fr:Suisse]] [[fy:Switserlân]] [[ga:An Eilvéis]] [[gd:An Eilbheis]] [[gl:Suíza - Schweiz]] [[ko:스위스]] [[hr:Švicarska]] [[hu:Svájc]] [[ia:Suissa]] [[io:Suisia]] [[id:Swiss]] [[is:Sviss]] [[it:Svizzera]] [[he:שוויץ]] [[la:Helvetia]] [[lb:Schwäiz]] [[lt:Šveicarija]] [[li:Zwitserland]] [[zh-min-nan:Sūi-se]] [[mk:Швајцарија]] [[ms:Switzerland]] [[nl:Zwitserland]] [[nds:Swiez]] [[ja:スイス]] [[nb:Sveits]] [[nn:Sveits]] [[pl:Szwajcaria]] [[pt:Suíça]] [[ro:Elveţia]] [[rm:Svizra]] [[ru:Швейцария]] [[scn:Svizzira]] [[simple:Switzerland]] [[sk:Švajčiarsko]] [[sl:Švica]] [[sr:Швајцарска]] [[fi:Sveitsi]] [[sv:Schweiz]] [[tl:Switzerland]] [[th:ประเทศสวิตเซอร์แลนด์]] [[vi:Thụy Sĩ]] [[tr:İsviçre]] [[uk:Швейцарія]] [[yi:שװײץ]] [[zh:瑞士]] 5599 2005-07-24T13:48:14Z Themalau 22 /* Jyografi */ The '''Swiss Confederation''' or '''Switzerland''' is a landlocked federal state in [[Europe]], which borders [[Germany]], [[France]], [[Italy]], [[Austria]] and [[Liechtenstein]]. The country has a strong tradition of [[neutral country|political and military neutrality]], but also of international co-operation, and is home to many international organisations. ''Confœderatio Helvetica'' (CH), the [[Latin]] version of the official name, avoids choosing one of the four official languages. The abbreviation is similarly used; for example, it is used as Switzerland's [[country code top-level domain|ccTLD]], [[.ch]]. {{Infobox_country| common_name = Swisi | native_name = Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft<br>Confédération suisse<br>Confederazione Svizzera<br>Confederaziun Svizra<br>Confœderatio Helvetica| image_flag = Switzerland flag 300.png | image_coat = BlasonSUISSE.PNG | image_map = LocationSwitzerland.png | national_motto = Unus pro omnibus, omnes pro uno<br>(English: One for all, all for one)| national_anthem = [[Swiss Psalm]] | official_languages = [[Alemani]], [[Lifalansé]], [[Italiano]], [[Romanshi]]| capital = [[Bern]] |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| largest_city = [[Zurich]] | government_type = [[Republiki Fedelali]] | leader_titles = [[Lisanga Fedelali ya Swisi|Lisanga Fedelali]]| leader_names = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[Moritz Leuenberger]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|VP 2005]])</small><br>[[Pascal Couchepin]]<br>[[Joseph Deiss]]<br>[[Samuel Schmid]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Micheline Calmy-Rey]]<br>[[Christoph Blocher]]<br>[[Hans-Rudolf Merz]]| area = 41,285|area_rank=132nd|area_magnitude=1 E10|percent_water=4.2| population_estimate = 7,399,100|population_estimate_year=2003|population_estimate_rank=92nd | population_density = 181|population_density_rank=44th | population_census = 7,288,010|population_census_year=2000| GDP_PPP = $233 billion|GDP_PPP_year=2003|GDP_PPP_rank=35th| GDP_nominal = $309 billion|GDP_nominal_year=2003|GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,186|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=8th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $42,138|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=3rd| sovereignty_type =[[Independence]] | established_events =- Declared<br> - Recognised<br>Federal state | established_dates =[[Lisakoli Fedelali ya 1921|Lisakoli Fedelali]]<br> [[August 1]], [[1291]]<br> [[October 24]], [[1648]]<br>[[1848]]| currency = [[Fran Swisi]]|currency_code=CHF| time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.ch]] | calling_code = 41| footnotes = | }} == Historia == ''Article ya molayi: [[Historia ya Swisi]]'' Switzerland is a federation of relatively autonomous [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]]s, some of which have a history of confederacy that goes back more than 700 years, arguably putting them among the world's oldest surviving [[republic]]s. According to the popular legend, in [[1291]], representatives of the '''[[three forest cantons]]''' of [[Canton of Uri|Uri]], [[Schwyz]], and [[Unterwalden]] signed the [[Federal Charter of 1291|Federal Charter]]. The charter united the involved parties in the struggle against foreign rule by the [[Habsburg]]s, who then held the German imperial throne of the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. At the [[Battle of Morgarten]] in [[1315]], the Swiss defeated the Habsburg army and secured quasi-independence as the Swiss Confederation. The authenticity of the Federal Charter is disputed with many historians agreeing that it is in fact a forgery of the [[14th century]]. By [[1353]], the three original cantons had been joined by the cantons of [[Glarus]] and [[Zug]] and the city states of [[Lucerne]], [[Zürich]] and [[Berne]], forming the "Old Federation" of eight states that persisted during much of the [[15th century]] (although Zürich was expelled from the confederation during the [[1440s]] due to a territorial conflict) and led to a significant increase of power and wealth of the federation, in particular due to the victories over [[Charles the Bold]] of [[Burgundy]] during the [[1470s]], and the success of the Swiss [[mercenary|mercenaries]]. The traditional listing order of the [[cantons of Switzerland]] reflects this state, listing the eight "Old Cantons" first, with the city states preceding the founding cantons, followed by cantons that joined the federation after [[1481]], in historical order. The Swiss victory in a war against the [[Swabian League]] in [[1499]] amounted to de facto independence from the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. In [[1506]], Pope [[Julius II]] engaged the [[Swiss Guard]] that continues to serve the [[Vatican]] to the present day. The expansion of the federation, and the reputation of invincibility acquired during the earlier wars, suffered a first setback in [[1515]] with the Swiss defeat in the [[Battle of Marignano]]. The success of [[Zwingli]]'s [[Reformation]] in some cantons led to inter-cantonal wars in [[1529]] and [[1531]] (''Kappeler Kriege''). The conflict between Catholic and Protestant cantons persisted, erupting in further violence at the [[battles of Villmergen]] in [[1656]] and [[1712]]. [[Image:Stumpf-Chronik-Zug.png|left|200px|thumb|1548 view of [[Zug]]]] Under the [[Treaty of Westphalia]] in [[1648]], European countries recognised Switzerland's independence from the Holy Roman Empire and its [[neutral country|neutrality]] (''ancien r&eacute;gime''). In [[1798]], armies of the [[French Revolution]] conquered Switzerland and in [[1803]], [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] imposed a new constitution, largely restoring Swiss autonomy. The [[Congress of Vienna]] in [[1815]] fully re-established Swiss independence and the European powers agreed to permanently recognise the Swiss neutrality. At this time, the territory of Switzerland was increased for the last time, by the new cantons of [[Valais]], [[Canton of Neuchâtel|Neuchatel]] and [[Canton of Geneva|Geneva]]. In [[1847]], a civil war broke out between the Catholic and the Protestant cantons (''Sonderbundskrieg''). Its immediate cause was a 'special treaty' (''[[Sonderbund]]'') of the Catholic cantons. The war lasted for less than a month, causing fewer than 100 casualties. Apart from small riots, this was the latest armed conflict on Swiss territory. As a consequence of the civil war, Switzerland adopted a federal [[constitution]] in [[1848]], amending it extensively in [[1874]] and establishing federal responsibility for defence, trade, and legal matters. In [[1891]], the constitution was revised with unusually strong elements of [[direct democracy]], which remains unique even today. Since then, continued political, economic, and social improvement has characterised Swiss history. In [[1920]], Switzerland joined the [[League of Nations]], and in [[1963]] the [[Council of Europe]]. Switzerland proclaimed neutrality in [[World War I]] and was not involved militarily in the conflict. Neutrality was again proclaimed in [[World War II]], and although a German intervention was both planned and anticipated, it ultimately didn't occur. The massive mobilization of Swiss armed forces under the leadership of General [[Henri Guisan]] is often cited as a decisive factor that the German invasion was never initiated. Modern historical findings, such as the research done by the [[Bergier commission]], indicate that another major factor was the continued trade by Swiss banks with Nazi Germany. Women were granted the right to vote in the first cantons in [[1959]], at the federal level in [[1971]], in the last canton only in [[1990]]. In [[1979]], parts of the canton of [[Berne]] attained independence, forming the new [[canton of Jura]]. On April 18, [[1999]] the Swiss population and the cantons voted in favor of a completely revised federal [[constitution]]. In [[2002]] Switzerland became a full member of the [[United Nations]], leaving the [[Vatican]] as the last widely recognized state without full UN membership. Switzerland is not a member state of the [[EU]] but applied for membership therein in May 1992. Switzerland has not advanced this application since the rejection, by referendum, of the [[European Economic Area]] in December 1992. However, Swiss law is gradually being adjusted to that of the EU and the government has signed a number of [[bilateral agreements]] with the European Union. Switzerland (together with [[Liechtenstein]]) has been surrounded by the EU since [[Austria|Austria's]] membership in [[1995]]. On June 5, [[2005]], Swiss voters agreed, by a 55% majority, to join the [[Schengen treaty]], a result that was welcomed by EU commentators as a sign of goodwill by a Switzerland that is traditionally perceived as isolationist. [[Image:Carte suisse2.png|thumb|310px|left|Swisi]] == Politiki == ''Main article: [[Politiki ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Curia Confoederationis Heleticae - Swiss parliament and government.jpg|right|200px|thumb|[[Curia Confoederationis Helveticae]] in [[Bern]]]] Switzerland features a system of government unlike any other seen in [[Europe]], or indeed much of the world. The bicameral Swiss [[parliament]], the Federal Assembly, is the primary seat of power, apart from the Federal Council. Both houses, the [[Swiss Council of States|Council of States]] and the [[National Council of Switzerland|National Council]], have equal powers in all respects, including the right to introduce legislation. Under the [[1999]] [[constitution]], cantons hold all powers not specifically delegated to the federation. The 46 members of the Council of States (two from each canton and one from former half cantons) are directly elected in each canton, whereas the 200 members of the National Council are elected directly under a system of [[proportional representation]]. Members of both houses serve for 4 years. Through [[referenda]] citizens may challenge any law voted by federal parliament and through [[initiative]]s introduce amendments to the federal constitution, making Switzerland a [[semi-direct democracy]]. The top [[executive]] body and collective [[Head of State]] is the [[Swiss Federal Council|Federal Council]], a collegial body of seven members. Although the constitution provides that the Assembly elects and supervises the members of the Council, the latter (and its administration) has gradually assumed a preeminent role in directing the [[legislative]] process as well as executing federal laws. The [[President of the Swiss Confederation|President of the Confederation]] is elected from the seven. During a one year term, s/he assumes special representative functions. From 1959 to December 2003, the four major parties were represented in the Federal Council according to the "magic formula", proportional to their representation in federal parliament: 2 [[Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland|Christian Democrats (CVP/PDC)]], 2 from the [[Social Democratic Party of Switzerland|Social Democrats (SPS/PSS)]], 2 [[Radical Free Democratic Party of Switzerland|Free Democrats (FDP/PRD)]], and 1 from the [[Swiss People's Party|Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC)]]. This traditional distribution of seats, however, is not backed up by any law, and in the 2003 elections to the Federal Council the CVP/PDC lost their second seat to the SVP/UDC. The function of the [[Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland|Federal Supreme Court]] is to hear appeals of cantonal courts or the administrative rulings of the federal administration. The judges are elected by the Federal Assembly for six-year terms. Citizens may seek a decision on an [[amendment]] they want to make to the Constitution. For such an amendment initiative to be organized,the signatures of 100,000 voters must be collected within 18 months. They are the driving force behind [[direct democracy]]. A [[popular initiative]] may be formulated as a general proposal or - much more often - be put forward as a precise new text whose wording can no longer be changed by [[Parliament]] and the Government. Since 1987, voters may approve both the [[initiative]] and the [[counter-proposal]]. A deciding question determines which of the two texts will enter into force if both of them secure a popular majority and a majority of the [[States]]. Popular initiatives do not originate from the [[Parliament]] or [[Government]] but from the citizens themselves. See also: * [[International relations of Switzerland]] == Ba Kanton (Provinsi Fedelali) == ''Article molayi: [[Ba Kanton ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Schweiz graubuenden sent.jpg|right|180px|thumb|Wintertime view of [[Sent]], in the eastern canton of [[Graubünden]].]] The Swiss Confederation consists of 26 [[canton (subnational entity)|canton]]s: <table><tr valign=top><td> *[[Aargau]] (Argovia) *[[Appenzell Innerrhoden]] (Inner Rhodes) * *[[Appenzell Ausserrhoden]] (Outer Rhodes) * *[[Basel-Stadt]] (Basle-City) * *[[Basel-Landschaft]] (Basle-Country) * *[[Canton of Bern|Bern]] (Berne) *[[Canton of Fribourg|Fribourg]] (Freiburg) *[[Canton of Geneva|Geneva]] (Genève) *[[Canton of Glarus|Glarus]] *[[Graubünden]] (Grischun/Grigioni) *[[Canton of Jura|Jura]] *[[Canton of Lucerne|Lucerne]] (Luzern) *[[Canton of Neuchâtel|Neuchâtel]] <td> *[[Nidwalden]] * *[[Obwalden]] * *[[Canton of Schaffhausen|Schaffhausen]] *[[Canton of Schwyz|Schwyz]] *[[Canton of Solothurn|Solothurn]] (Soleure) *[[Canton of St. Gallen|St. Gallen]] (St. Gall) *[[Thurgau]] (Thurgovia) *[[Ticino]] *[[Canton of Uri|Uri]] *[[Valais]] (Wallis) *[[Vaud]] *[[Canton of Zug|Zug]] *[[Canton of Zurich|Zürich]] (Zurich) </table> <small>[*] these Cantons are represented by only one councilor in the [[Swiss Council of States|Council of States]]. The population varies between 15,000 (Appenzell Innerrhoden) and 1,253,500 (Zürich), area between 37 km² (Basel-Stadt) and 7,105 km² (Grisons). Cantons are divided in a total of [[municipalities of Switzerland|2,889 municipalities]]. The following are [[enclave]]s within Switzerland: [[Büsingen]] is territory of [[Germany]], [[Campione d'Italia]] is territory of [[Italy]]. == Jyografi == ''Main article: [[Jyografi ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Map-of-Switzerland.png|thumb|right|Map of Switzerland (overview)]] With an area of 41,000 square kilometers, Switzerland is a small country. The population is around 7.4 million, resulting in a population density of 184 people per km² (roughly comparable to the [[USA|U. S.]] state of [[Maryland]]). The Swiss landscape is characterised by the [[Alps]], a high mountain range running across the central-south of the country. Amongst the high peaks of the [[Swiss Alps]], the highest of which is the [[Dufour Peak]] at [[1 E3 m|4,634 m]], are found countless valleys, some with [[glacier]]s. From these the headwaters of several major European rivers such as the [[Rhine]], the [[Rhone River|Rhône]], the [[Inn River|Inn]], the [[Aare]] or the [[Ticino River|Ticino]], flow down into lakes such as [[Lake Geneva]], [[Lake Zürich]], [[Lake Neuchâtel]], and [[Lake Constance]] and farther down. Switzerland is made up of the Swiss Alps, Mittelland, and Jura. [[Image:swissmap.png|thumb|left|Map of Switzerland (detailed)]] The northern, more populous part of the country is more open, but can still be fairly mountainous such as with the [[Jura Mountains]], a smaller range in the northwest. The Swiss [[climate]] is generally [[temperate climate|temperate]], but it can vary greatly locally, from the harsh conditions on the high mountains to the pleasant Mediterranean climate at Switzerland's southern tip. A zoomable map of Switzerland is available at either [http://www.swissinfo-geo.org www.swissinfo-geo.org] or [http://www.swissgeo.ch www.swissgeo.ch], a zoomable satellite picture at [http://map.search.ch/ map.search.ch]. <br style="clear:both;"/> ''See also:'' [[Swisstopo]] topographical survey, [[List of lakes of Switzerland]], [[List of rivers of Switzerland]], [[List of mountain passes in Switzerland]]. == Economy == ''Main article: [[Economy of Switzerland]]'' Switzerland is a prosperous and stable modern market economy with a per capita [[Gross Domestic Product|GDP]] higher than that of the big western European economies. Switzerland is a member of the [[European Free Trade Association]]. The Swiss in recent years have brought their economic practices largely into conformity with the [[European Union]]'s to enhance their international competitiveness. Full EU membership is a long-term objective of the Swiss government, but there is considerable popular sentiment against this. To this end, it has established an [http://www.europa.admin.ch/e/index.htm Integration Office] under the Department of Foreign and Economic Affairs. In order to minimise the negative consequences of Switzerland's isolation from the rest of Europe, Bern and Brussels signed seven agreements, called Bilateral Agreements I, to further liberalise trade ties in [[1999]] and entering into force in 2001. This first series of bilateral agreements included the free movement of persons. A second series covering nine areas was signed in 2004 and is waiting ratification. The second series includes the [[Schengen treaty]] and the [[Dublin Convention]]. They continue to discuss further areas for cooperation. Switzerland voted against membership in the [[European Economic Area]] in December 1992 and has since maintained and developed its relationships with the European Union and European countries via bilateral agreements. * [[List of Swiss companies]] == Demographics == ''Main article: [[Demographics of Switzerland]]'' [[Image:Swiss languages.png|thumb|The languages of Switzerland: <br>[[German language|German]] (63.7%; yellow), <br>[[French language|French]] (19.2%; purple), <br>[[Italian language|Italian]] (7.6%; green), <br>[[Romansh language|Romansh]] (0.6%; red)]] Switzerland sits at the crossroads of several major European cultures, which have heavily influenced the country's languages and cultural practices. Switzerland has four official languages: [[German language|German]] (64%; yellow) in the north and centre, [[French language|French]] (19%; purple) to the west, [[Italian language|Italian]] (8%; green) in the south, and finally [[Romansh language|Romansh]], a [[Romance language]] spoken by a small minority (<1%; red) in the southeastern canton of [[Graubünden]] and parts of [[Ticino]]. There is no obligation for the state to translate its communication in all four languages, so most communication is in three languages and only some very important documents are translated to Romansh. Indeed, in the parliament, German, French and Italian are the official languages and simultaneous translation is provided. The German spoken in Switzerland is predominantly a group of [[dialect]]s that are almost unintelligible to Germans and are collectively known as [[Swiss German]], but newspapers and some broadcasts use [[High German]], which is also the predominant language in the German part for any written communication. [[Swiss French]] and [[Swiss Italian]] differ far less from their counterparts spoken in France and Italy. Learning one of the other national languages is obligatory for all Swiss, so most Swiss speak two or more languages. It should also be noted that [[English]] is a Swiss [[lingua franca]], and, in fact, most, if not all Swiss, have some command of English. Many Swiss documents and websites are also available in English. Resident foreigners and temporary foreign workers make up about 20% of the population. The largest religion in Switzerland is [[Roman Catholicism]], to which some 43% of the population adhere. Various [[Protestant]] faiths number some 35% of the population, and immigration has established [[Islam]] (4%) and [[Eastern Orthodoxy]] (2%) as sizable minority religions. The remainder belongs to very small minorities or is unaffiliated. The stability and prosperity of Switzerland, combined with a linguistically and religiously diverse population has led some to describe the country as a consensus state or a [[consociational state]]. * [[List of Swiss people]] == Culture == ''Main article: [[Culture of Switzerland]]'' The culture of Switzerland is influenced by its neighbours, but over the years a distinctive culture with strong regional differences has developed. Traditionally Switzerland is not considered one of the centres of European culture, but this conception might be deceptive. A number of culturally active Swiss have chosen to move abroad, probably given the limited opportunities in their homeland. At the same time, the neutrality of Switzerland has attracted many creative people from all over the world. In war times the tradition of political asylum helped to attract artists, whilst recently low taxes seem predominant. Strong regionalism in Switzerland makes it difficult to speak of a homogenous Swiss culture. The influence of German, French and Italian culture on their neighbouring parts and the influence of Anglo-American culture cannot be denied. The Rhaeto-Romanic culture in the eastern mountains of Switzerland is robust. The Swiss are noted for their [[bank]]s, their [[chocolate]], their [[Swiss cheese|cheese]], their [[Swiss Army knife|pocket knives]], their [[watch|watches]] (particularly the famous [[Rolex]]), their private [[boarding school]]s and their strengths in engineering and the [[Culture of Switzerland#Science|sciences]]. The tallest building in Switzerland is the [[Basler Messeturm]]. * [[Music of Switzerland]] * [[Culture of Switzerland]] * [[Swiss cuisine]] * [[SRG SSR idée suisse]] * [[Switzerland in popular culture]] == Miscellaneous topics == * [[2004 in Switzerland]] * [[2005 in Switzerland]] * [[Communications in Switzerland]] * [[Data codes for Switzerland]] * [[Education in Switzerland]] * [[Enlargement of the European Union]] * [[List of cities in Switzerland]] * [[List of Swiss people]] * [[List of Switzerland-related topics]] * [[Military of Switzerland]] * [[Stamps and postal history of Switzerland]] * [[Swiss citizenship]] * [[Third country relationships with the EU]] * [[Transportation in Switzerland]] == External links == {{pic}} *Governmental websites **[http://www.admin.ch/ch/index.en.html The Federal Authorities] **[http://www.parlament.ch/e/homepage.htm The Swiss Parliament] **[http://www.bger.ch Federal Supreme Court] - (in German, French and Italian) **[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office] *[http://www.swissinfo.org/ Switzerland's news and information platform] - maintained by the public Swiss Broadcasting Corporation (in 9 languages) *[http://www.dhs.ch/ Historical Dictionary of Switzerland] - Country encyclopedia (in German, French and Italian) *[http://www.swissworld.org Swissworld] - an encyclopedic presentation of the country by the Swiss Confederation *[http://www.about.ch/ About.ch] - another presentation of the country *[http://www.earth-photography.com/Countries/Switzerland Switzerland Pictures] - Photos of cities and nature in Switzerland *[http://www.myswitzerland.com Switzerland Tourism] National tourist office *[http://www.culturelinks.ch/ Culturelinks.ch] - a portal giving access to Swiss culture websites *[http://www.are.ch Spatial Planning in Switzerland] Website of Swiss Federal Office for Spatial Development (land-use planning, transportation, sustainable development) *[[:als:|Alemannic Wikipedia]] {{Europe}} [[Category:Switzerland|*]] [[als:Schweiz]] [[af:Switserland]] [[ar:سويسرا]] [[ast:Suiza]] [[bg:Швейцария]] [[be:Швайцарыя]] [[ca:Suïssa]] [[cs:Švýcarsko]] [[cy:Y Swistir]] [[da:Schweiz]] [[de:Schweiz]] [[et:Šveits]] [[el:Ελβετία]] [[es:Suiza]] [[eo:Svislando]] [[fo:Sveis]] [[fr:Suisse]] [[fy:Switserlân]] [[ga:An Eilvéis]] [[gd:An Eilbheis]] [[gl:Suíza - Schweiz]] [[ko:스위스]] [[hr:Švicarska]] [[hu:Svájc]] [[ia:Suissa]] [[io:Suisia]] [[id:Swiss]] [[is:Sviss]] [[it:Svizzera]] [[he:שוויץ]] [[la:Helvetia]] [[lb:Schwäiz]] [[lt:Šveicarija]] [[li:Zwitserland]] [[zh-min-nan:Sūi-se]] [[mk:Швајцарија]] [[ms:Switzerland]] [[nl:Zwitserland]] [[nds:Swiez]] [[ja:スイス]] [[nb:Sveits]] [[nn:Sveits]] [[pl:Szwajcaria]] [[pt:Suíça]] [[ro:Elveţia]] [[rm:Svizra]] [[ru:Швейцария]] [[scn:Svizzira]] [[simple:Switzerland]] [[sk:Švajčiarsko]] [[sl:Švica]] [[sr:Швајцарска]] [[fi:Sveitsi]] [[sv:Schweiz]] [[tl:Switzerland]] [[th:ประเทศสวิตเซอร์แลนด์]] [[vi:Thụy Sĩ]] [[tr:İsviçre]] [[uk:Швейцарія]] [[yi:שװײץ]] [[zh:瑞士]] 6088 2005-09-01T17:43:51Z 160.85.2.50 The '''Swiss Confederation''' or '''Switzerland''' is a landlocked federal state in [[Europe]], which borders [[Germany]], [[France]], [[Italy]], [[Austria]] and [[Liechtenstein]]. The country has a strong tradition of [[neutral country|political and military neutrality]], but also of international co-operation, and is home to many international organisations. ''Confœderatio Helvetica'' (CH), the [[Latin]] version of the official name, avoids choosing one of the four official languages. The abbreviation is similarly used; for example, it is used as Switzerland's [[country code top-level domain|ccTLD]], [[.ch]]. {{Infobox_country| common_name = Swisi | native_name = Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft<br>Confédération suisse<br>Confederazione Svizzera<br>Confederaziun Svizra<br>Confœderatio Helvetica| image_flag = Switzerland flag 300.png | image_coat = BlasonSUISSE.PNG | image_map = LocationSwitzerland.png | national_motto = Unus pro omnibus, omnes pro uno<br>(English: One for all, all for one)| national_anthem = [[Swiss Psalm]] | official_languages = [[Alemani]], [[Lifalansé]], [[Italiano]], [[Romanshi]]| capital = [[Bern]] |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| largest_city = [[Zurich]] | government_type = [[Republiki Fedelali]] | leader_titles = [[Lisanga Fedelali ya Swisi|Lisanga Fedelali]]| leader_names = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[Moritz Leuenberger]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|VP 2005]])</small><br>[[Pascal Couchepin]]<br>[[Joseph Deiss]]<br>[[Samuel Schmid]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Micheline Calmy-Rey]]<br>[[Christoph Blocher]]<br>[[Hans-Rudolf Merz]]| area = 41,285|area_rank=132nd|area_magnitude=1 E10|percent_water=4.2| population_estimate = 7,399,100|population_estimate_year=2003|population_estimate_rank=92nd | population_density = 181|population_density_rank=44th | population_census = 7,288,010|population_census_year=2000| GDP_PPP = $233 billion|GDP_PPP_year=2003|GDP_PPP_rank=35th| GDP_nominal = $309 billion|GDP_nominal_year=2003|GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,186|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=8th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $42,138|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=3rd| sovereignty_type =[[Independence]] | established_events =- Declared<br> - Recognised<br>Federal state | established_dates =[[Lisakoli Fedelali ya 1921|Lisakoli Fedelali]]<br> [[1 Ogusiti]], [[1291]]<br> [[October 24]], [[1648]]<br>[[1848]]| currency = [[Fran Swisi]]|currency_code=CHF| time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.ch]] | calling_code = 41| footnotes = | }} == Historia == ''Article ya molayi: [[Historia ya Swisi]]'' Switzerland is a federation of relatively autonomous [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]]s, some of which have a history of confederacy that goes back more than 700 years, arguably putting them among the world's oldest surviving [[republic]]s. According to the popular legend, in [[1291]], representatives of the '''[[three forest cantons]]''' of [[Canton of Uri|Uri]], [[Schwyz]], and [[Unterwalden]] signed the [[Federal Charter of 1291|Federal Charter]]. The charter united the involved parties in the struggle against foreign rule by the [[Habsburg]]s, who then held the German imperial throne of the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. At the [[Battle of Morgarten]] in [[1315]], the Swiss defeated the Habsburg army and secured quasi-independence as the Swiss Confederation. The authenticity of the Federal Charter is disputed with many historians agreeing that it is in fact a forgery of the [[14th century]]. By [[1353]], the three original cantons had been joined by the cantons of [[Glarus]] and [[Zug]] and the city states of [[Lucerne]], [[Zürich]] and [[Berne]], forming the "Old Federation" of eight states that persisted during much of the [[15th century]] (although Zürich was expelled from the confederation during the [[1440s]] due to a territorial conflict) and led to a significant increase of power and wealth of the federation, in particular due to the victories over [[Charles the Bold]] of [[Burgundy]] during the [[1470s]], and the success of the Swiss [[mercenary|mercenaries]]. The traditional listing order of the [[cantons of Switzerland]] reflects this state, listing the eight "Old Cantons" first, with the city states preceding the founding cantons, followed by cantons that joined the federation after [[1481]], in historical order. The Swiss victory in a war against the [[Swabian League]] in [[1499]] amounted to de facto independence from the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. In [[1506]], Pope [[Julius II]] engaged the [[Swiss Guard]] that continues to serve the [[Vatican]] to the present day. The expansion of the federation, and the reputation of invincibility acquired during the earlier wars, suffered a first setback in [[1515]] with the Swiss defeat in the [[Battle of Marignano]]. The success of [[Zwingli]]'s [[Reformation]] in some cantons led to inter-cantonal wars in [[1529]] and [[1531]] (''Kappeler Kriege''). The conflict between Catholic and Protestant cantons persisted, erupting in further violence at the [[battles of Villmergen]] in [[1656]] and [[1712]]. [[Image:Stumpf-Chronik-Zug.png|left|200px|thumb|1548 view of [[Zug]]]] Under the [[Treaty of Westphalia]] in [[1648]], European countries recognised Switzerland's independence from the Holy Roman Empire and its [[neutral country|neutrality]] (''ancien r&eacute;gime''). In [[1798]], armies of the [[French Revolution]] conquered Switzerland and in [[1803]], [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] imposed a new constitution, largely restoring Swiss autonomy. The [[Congress of Vienna]] in [[1815]] fully re-established Swiss independence and the European powers agreed to permanently recognise the Swiss neutrality. At this time, the territory of Switzerland was increased for the last time, by the new cantons of [[Valais]], [[Canton of Neuchâtel|Neuchatel]] and [[Canton of Geneva|Geneva]]. In [[1847]], a civil war broke out between the Catholic and the Protestant cantons (''Sonderbundskrieg''). Its immediate cause was a 'special treaty' (''[[Sonderbund]]'') of the Catholic cantons. The war lasted for less than a month, causing fewer than 100 casualties. Apart from small riots, this was the latest armed conflict on Swiss territory. As a consequence of the civil war, Switzerland adopted a federal [[constitution]] in [[1848]], amending it extensively in [[1874]] and establishing federal responsibility for defence, trade, and legal matters. In [[1891]], the constitution was revised with unusually strong elements of [[direct democracy]], which remains unique even today. Since then, continued political, economic, and social improvement has characterised Swiss history. In [[1920]], Switzerland joined the [[League of Nations]], and in [[1963]] the [[Council of Europe]]. Switzerland proclaimed neutrality in [[World War I]] and was not involved militarily in the conflict. Neutrality was again proclaimed in [[World War II]], and although a German intervention was both planned and anticipated, it ultimately didn't occur. The massive mobilization of Swiss armed forces under the leadership of General [[Henri Guisan]] is often cited as a decisive factor that the German invasion was never initiated. Modern historical findings, such as the research done by the [[Bergier commission]], indicate that another major factor was the continued trade by Swiss banks with Nazi Germany. Women were granted the right to vote in the first cantons in [[1959]], at the federal level in [[1971]], in the last canton only in [[1990]]. In [[1979]], parts of the canton of [[Berne]] attained independence, forming the new [[canton of Jura]]. On April 18, [[1999]] the Swiss population and the cantons voted in favor of a completely revised federal [[constitution]]. In [[2002]] Switzerland became a full member of the [[United Nations]], leaving the [[Vatican]] as the last widely recognized state without full UN membership. Switzerland is not a member state of the [[EU]] but applied for membership therein in May 1992. Switzerland has not advanced this application since the rejection, by referendum, of the [[European Economic Area]] in December 1992. However, Swiss law is gradually being adjusted to that of the EU and the government has signed a number of [[bilateral agreements]] with the European Union. Switzerland (together with [[Liechtenstein]]) has been surrounded by the EU since [[Austria|Austria's]] membership in [[1995]]. On June 5, [[2005]], Swiss voters agreed, by a 55% majority, to join the [[Schengen treaty]], a result that was welcomed by EU commentators as a sign of goodwill by a Switzerland that is traditionally perceived as isolationist. [[Image:Carte suisse2.png|thumb|310px|left|Swisi]] == Politiki == ''Main article: [[Politiki ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Curia Confoederationis Heleticae - Swiss parliament and government.jpg|right|200px|thumb|[[Curia Confoederationis Helveticae]] in [[Bern]]]] Switzerland features a system of government unlike any other seen in [[Europe]], or indeed much of the world. The bicameral Swiss [[parliament]], the Federal Assembly, is the primary seat of power, apart from the Federal Council. Both houses, the [[Swiss Council of States|Council of States]] and the [[National Council of Switzerland|National Council]], have equal powers in all respects, including the right to introduce legislation. Under the [[1999]] [[constitution]], cantons hold all powers not specifically delegated to the federation. The 46 members of the Council of States (two from each canton and one from former half cantons) are directly elected in each canton, whereas the 200 members of the National Council are elected directly under a system of [[proportional representation]]. Members of both houses serve for 4 years. Through [[referenda]] citizens may challenge any law voted by federal parliament and through [[initiative]]s introduce amendments to the federal constitution, making Switzerland a [[semi-direct democracy]]. The top [[executive]] body and collective [[Head of State]] is the [[Swiss Federal Council|Federal Council]], a collegial body of seven members. Although the constitution provides that the Assembly elects and supervises the members of the Council, the latter (and its administration) has gradually assumed a preeminent role in directing the [[legislative]] process as well as executing federal laws. The [[President of the Swiss Confederation|President of the Confederation]] is elected from the seven. During a one year term, s/he assumes special representative functions. From 1959 to December 2003, the four major parties were represented in the Federal Council according to the "magic formula", proportional to their representation in federal parliament: 2 [[Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland|Christian Democrats (CVP/PDC)]], 2 from the [[Social Democratic Party of Switzerland|Social Democrats (SPS/PSS)]], 2 [[Radical Free Democratic Party of Switzerland|Free Democrats (FDP/PRD)]], and 1 from the [[Swiss People's Party|Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC)]]. This traditional distribution of seats, however, is not backed up by any law, and in the 2003 elections to the Federal Council the CVP/PDC lost their second seat to the SVP/UDC. The function of the [[Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland|Federal Supreme Court]] is to hear appeals of cantonal courts or the administrative rulings of the federal administration. The judges are elected by the Federal Assembly for six-year terms. Citizens may seek a decision on an [[amendment]] they want to make to the Constitution. For such an amendment initiative to be organized,the signatures of 100,000 voters must be collected within 18 months. They are the driving force behind [[direct democracy]]. A [[popular initiative]] may be formulated as a general proposal or - much more often - be put forward as a precise new text whose wording can no longer be changed by [[Parliament]] and the Government. Since 1987, voters may approve both the [[initiative]] and the [[counter-proposal]]. A deciding question determines which of the two texts will enter into force if both of them secure a popular majority and a majority of the [[States]]. Popular initiatives do not originate from the [[Parliament]] or [[Government]] but from the citizens themselves. See also: * [[International relations of Switzerland]] == Ba Kanton (Provinsi Fedelali) == ''Article molayi: [[Ba Kanton ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Schweiz graubuenden sent.jpg|right|180px|thumb|Wintertime view of [[Sent]], in the eastern canton of [[Graubünden]].]] The Swiss Confederation consists of 26 [[canton (subnational entity)|canton]]s: <table><tr valign=top><td> *[[Aargau]] (Argovia) *[[Appenzell Innerrhoden]] (Inner Rhodes) * *[[Appenzell Ausserrhoden]] (Outer Rhodes) * *[[Basel-Stadt]] (Basle-City) * *[[Basel-Landschaft]] (Basle-Country) * *[[Canton of Bern|Bern]] (Berne) *[[Canton of Fribourg|Fribourg]] (Freiburg) *[[Canton of Geneva|Geneva]] (Genève) *[[Canton of Glarus|Glarus]] *[[Graubünden]] (Grischun/Grigioni) *[[Canton of Jura|Jura]] *[[Canton of Lucerne|Lucerne]] (Luzern) *[[Canton of Neuchâtel|Neuchâtel]] <td> *[[Nidwalden]] * *[[Obwalden]] * *[[Canton of Schaffhausen|Schaffhausen]] *[[Canton of Schwyz|Schwyz]] *[[Canton of Solothurn|Solothurn]] (Soleure) *[[Canton of St. Gallen|St. Gallen]] (St. Gall) *[[Thurgau]] (Thurgovia) *[[Ticino]] *[[Canton of Uri|Uri]] *[[Valais]] (Wallis) *[[Vaud]] *[[Canton of Zug|Zug]] *[[Canton of Zurich|Zürich]] (Zurich) </table> <small>[*] these Cantons are represented by only one councilor in the [[Swiss Council of States|Council of States]]. The population varies between 15,000 (Appenzell Innerrhoden) and 1,253,500 (Zürich), area between 37 km² (Basel-Stadt) and 7,105 km² (Grisons). Cantons are divided in a total of [[municipalities of Switzerland|2,889 municipalities]]. The following are [[enclave]]s within Switzerland: [[Büsingen]] is territory of [[Germany]], [[Campione d'Italia]] is territory of [[Italy]]. == Jyografi == ''Main article: [[Jyografi ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Map-of-Switzerland.png|thumb|right|Map of Switzerland (overview)]] With an area of 41,000 square kilometers, Switzerland is a small country. The population is around 7.4 million, resulting in a population density of 184 people per km² (roughly comparable to the [[USA|U. S.]] state of [[Maryland]]). The Swiss landscape is characterised by the [[Alps]], a high mountain range running across the central-south of the country. Amongst the high peaks of the [[Swiss Alps]], the highest of which is the [[Dufour Peak]] at [[1 E3 m|4,634 m]], are found countless valleys, some with [[glacier]]s. From these the headwaters of several major European rivers such as the [[Rhine]], the [[Rhone River|Rhône]], the [[Inn River|Inn]], the [[Aare]] or the [[Ticino River|Ticino]], flow down into lakes such as [[Lake Geneva]], [[Lake Zürich]], [[Lake Neuchâtel]], and [[Lake Constance]] and farther down. Switzerland is made up of the Swiss Alps, Mittelland, and Jura. [[Image:swissmap.png|thumb|left|Map of Switzerland (detailed)]] The northern, more populous part of the country is more open, but can still be fairly mountainous such as with the [[Jura Mountains]], a smaller range in the northwest. The Swiss [[climate]] is generally [[temperate climate|temperate]], but it can vary greatly locally, from the harsh conditions on the high mountains to the pleasant Mediterranean climate at Switzerland's southern tip. A zoomable map of Switzerland is available at either [http://www.swissinfo-geo.org www.swissinfo-geo.org] or [http://www.swissgeo.ch www.swissgeo.ch], a zoomable satellite picture at [http://map.search.ch/ map.search.ch]. <br style="clear:both;"/> ''See also:'' [[Swisstopo]] topographical survey, [[List of lakes of Switzerland]], [[List of rivers of Switzerland]], [[List of mountain passes in Switzerland]]. == Economy == ''Main article: [[Economy of Switzerland]]'' Switzerland is a prosperous and stable modern market economy with a per capita [[Gross Domestic Product|GDP]] higher than that of the big western European economies. Switzerland is a member of the [[European Free Trade Association]]. The Swiss in recent years have brought their economic practices largely into conformity with the [[European Union]]'s to enhance their international competitiveness. Full EU membership is a long-term objective of the Swiss government, but there is considerable popular sentiment against this. To this end, it has established an [http://www.europa.admin.ch/e/index.htm Integration Office] under the Department of Foreign and Economic Affairs. In order to minimise the negative consequences of Switzerland's isolation from the rest of Europe, Bern and Brussels signed seven agreements, called Bilateral Agreements I, to further liberalise trade ties in [[1999]] and entering into force in 2001. This first series of bilateral agreements included the free movement of persons. A second series covering nine areas was signed in 2004 and is waiting ratification. The second series includes the [[Schengen treaty]] and the [[Dublin Convention]]. They continue to discuss further areas for cooperation. Switzerland voted against membership in the [[European Economic Area]] in December 1992 and has since maintained and developed its relationships with the European Union and European countries via bilateral agreements. * [[List of Swiss companies]] == Demographics == ''Main article: [[Demographics of Switzerland]]'' [[Image:Swiss languages.png|thumb|The languages of Switzerland: <br>[[German language|German]] (63.7%; yellow), <br>[[French language|French]] (19.2%; purple), <br>[[Italian language|Italian]] (7.6%; green), <br>[[Romansh language|Romansh]] (0.6%; red)]] Switzerland sits at the crossroads of several major European cultures, which have heavily influenced the country's languages and cultural practices. Switzerland has four official languages: [[German language|German]] (64%; yellow) in the north and centre, [[French language|French]] (19%; purple) to the west, [[Italian language|Italian]] (8%; green) in the south, and finally [[Romansh language|Romansh]], a [[Romance language]] spoken by a small minority (<1%; red) in the southeastern canton of [[Graubünden]] and parts of [[Ticino]]. There is no obligation for the state to translate its communication in all four languages, so most communication is in three languages and only some very important documents are translated to Romansh. Indeed, in the parliament, German, French and Italian are the official languages and simultaneous translation is provided. The German spoken in Switzerland is predominantly a group of [[dialect]]s that are almost unintelligible to Germans and are collectively known as [[Swiss German]], but newspapers and some broadcasts use [[High German]], which is also the predominant language in the German part for any written communication. [[Swiss French]] and [[Swiss Italian]] differ far less from their counterparts spoken in France and Italy. Learning one of the other national languages is obligatory for all Swiss, so most Swiss speak two or more languages. It should also be noted that [[English]] is a Swiss [[lingua franca]], and, in fact, most, if not all Swiss, have some command of English. Many Swiss documents and websites are also available in English. Resident foreigners and temporary foreign workers make up about 20% of the population. The largest religion in Switzerland is [[Roman Catholicism]], to which some 43% of the population adhere. Various [[Protestant]] faiths number some 35% of the population, and immigration has established [[Islam]] (4%) and [[Eastern Orthodoxy]] (2%) as sizable minority religions. The remainder belongs to very small minorities or is unaffiliated. The stability and prosperity of Switzerland, combined with a linguistically and religiously diverse population has led some to describe the country as a consensus state or a [[consociational state]]. * [[List of Swiss people]] == Culture == ''Main article: [[Culture of Switzerland]]'' The culture of Switzerland is influenced by its neighbours, but over the years a distinctive culture with strong regional differences has developed. Traditionally Switzerland is not considered one of the centres of European culture, but this conception might be deceptive. A number of culturally active Swiss have chosen to move abroad, probably given the limited opportunities in their homeland. At the same time, the neutrality of Switzerland has attracted many creative people from all over the world. In war times the tradition of political asylum helped to attract artists, whilst recently low taxes seem predominant. Strong regionalism in Switzerland makes it difficult to speak of a homogenous Swiss culture. The influence of German, French and Italian culture on their neighbouring parts and the influence of Anglo-American culture cannot be denied. The Rhaeto-Romanic culture in the eastern mountains of Switzerland is robust. The Swiss are noted for their [[bank]]s, their [[chocolate]], their [[Swiss cheese|cheese]], their [[Swiss Army knife|pocket knives]], their [[watch|watches]] (particularly the famous [[Rolex]]), their private [[boarding school]]s and their strengths in engineering and the [[Culture of Switzerland#Science|sciences]]. The tallest building in Switzerland is the [[Basler Messeturm]]. * [[Music of Switzerland]] * [[Culture of Switzerland]] * [[Swiss cuisine]] * [[SRG SSR idée suisse]] * [[Switzerland in popular culture]] == Miscellaneous topics == * [[2004 in Switzerland]] * [[2005 in Switzerland]] * [[Communications in Switzerland]] * [[Data codes for Switzerland]] * [[Education in Switzerland]] * [[Enlargement of the European Union]] * [[List of cities in Switzerland]] * [[List of Swiss people]] * [[List of Switzerland-related topics]] * [[Military of Switzerland]] * [[Stamps and postal history of Switzerland]] * [[Swiss citizenship]] * [[Third country relationships with the EU]] * [[Transportation in Switzerland]] == External links == {{pic}} *Governmental websites **[http://www.admin.ch/ch/index.en.html The Federal Authorities] **[http://www.parlament.ch/e/homepage.htm The Swiss Parliament] **[http://www.bger.ch Federal Supreme Court] - (in German, French and Italian) **[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office] *[http://www.swissinfo.org/ Switzerland's news and information platform] - maintained by the public Swiss Broadcasting Corporation (in 9 languages) *[http://www.dhs.ch/ Historical Dictionary of Switzerland] - Country encyclopedia (in German, French and Italian) *[http://www.swissworld.org Swissworld] - an encyclopedic presentation of the country by the Swiss Confederation *[http://www.about.ch/ About.ch] - another presentation of the country *[http://www.earth-photography.com/Countries/Switzerland Switzerland Pictures] - Photos of cities and nature in Switzerland *[http://www.myswitzerland.com Switzerland Tourism] National tourist office *[http://www.culturelinks.ch/ Culturelinks.ch] - a portal giving access to Swiss culture websites *[http://www.are.ch Spatial Planning in Switzerland] Website of Swiss Federal Office for Spatial Development (land-use planning, transportation, sustainable development) *[[:als:|Alemannic Wikipedia]] {{Europe}} [[Category:Switzerland|*]] [[als:Schweiz]] [[af:Switserland]] [[ar:سويسرا]] [[ast:Suiza]] [[bg:Швейцария]] [[be:Швайцарыя]] [[ca:Suïssa]] [[cs:Švýcarsko]] [[cy:Y Swistir]] [[da:Schweiz]] [[de:Schweiz]] [[et:Šveits]] [[el:Ελβετία]] [[es:Suiza]] [[eo:Svislando]] [[fo:Sveis]] [[fr:Suisse]] [[fy:Switserlân]] [[ga:An Eilvéis]] [[gd:An Eilbheis]] [[gl:Suíza - Schweiz]] [[ko:스위스]] [[hr:Švicarska]] [[hu:Svájc]] [[ia:Suissa]] [[io:Suisia]] [[id:Swiss]] [[is:Sviss]] [[it:Svizzera]] [[he:שוויץ]] [[la:Helvetia]] [[lb:Schwäiz]] [[lt:Šveicarija]] [[li:Zwitserland]] [[zh-min-nan:Sūi-se]] [[mk:Швајцарија]] [[ms:Switzerland]] [[nl:Zwitserland]] [[nds:Swiez]] [[ja:スイス]] [[nb:Sveits]] [[nn:Sveits]] [[pl:Szwajcaria]] [[pt:Suíça]] [[ro:Elveţia]] [[rm:Svizra]] [[ru:Швейцария]] [[scn:Svizzira]] [[simple:Switzerland]] [[sk:Švajčiarsko]] [[sl:Švica]] [[sr:Швајцарска]] [[fi:Sveitsi]] [[sv:Schweiz]] [[tl:Switzerland]] [[th:ประเทศสวิตเซอร์แลนด์]] [[vi:Thụy Sĩ]] [[tr:İsviçre]] [[uk:Швейцарія]] [[yi:שװײץ]] [[zh:瑞士]] 6210 2005-09-10T21:29:23Z Node ue 31 this is the lingala wp 6217 2005-09-15T09:17:20Z Bombo 12 Reverted edit of Node ue, changed back to last version by 160.85.2.50 The '''Swiss Confederation''' or '''Switzerland''' is a landlocked federal state in [[Europe]], which borders [[Germany]], [[France]], [[Italy]], [[Austria]] and [[Liechtenstein]]. The country has a strong tradition of [[neutral country|political and military neutrality]], but also of international co-operation, and is home to many international organisations. ''Confœderatio Helvetica'' (CH), the [[Latin]] version of the official name, avoids choosing one of the four official languages. The abbreviation is similarly used; for example, it is used as Switzerland's [[country code top-level domain|ccTLD]], [[.ch]]. {{Infobox_country| common_name = Swisi | native_name = Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft<br>Confédération suisse<br>Confederazione Svizzera<br>Confederaziun Svizra<br>Confœderatio Helvetica| image_flag = Switzerland flag 300.png | image_coat = BlasonSUISSE.PNG | image_map = LocationSwitzerland.png | national_motto = Unus pro omnibus, omnes pro uno<br>(English: One for all, all for one)| national_anthem = [[Swiss Psalm]] | official_languages = [[Alemani]], [[Lifalansé]], [[Italiano]], [[Romanshi]]| capital = [[Bern]] |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| largest_city = [[Zurich]] | government_type = [[Republiki Fedelali]] | leader_titles = [[Lisanga Fedelali ya Swisi|Lisanga Fedelali]]| leader_names = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[Moritz Leuenberger]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|VP 2005]])</small><br>[[Pascal Couchepin]]<br>[[Joseph Deiss]]<br>[[Samuel Schmid]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Micheline Calmy-Rey]]<br>[[Christoph Blocher]]<br>[[Hans-Rudolf Merz]]| area = 41,285|area_rank=132nd|area_magnitude=1 E10|percent_water=4.2| population_estimate = 7,399,100|population_estimate_year=2003|population_estimate_rank=92nd | population_density = 181|population_density_rank=44th | population_census = 7,288,010|population_census_year=2000| GDP_PPP = $233 billion|GDP_PPP_year=2003|GDP_PPP_rank=35th| GDP_nominal = $309 billion|GDP_nominal_year=2003|GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,186|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=8th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $42,138|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=3rd| sovereignty_type =[[Independence]] | established_events =- Declared<br> - Recognised<br>Federal state | established_dates =[[Lisakoli Fedelali ya 1921|Lisakoli Fedelali]]<br> [[1 Ogusiti]], [[1291]]<br> [[October 24]], [[1648]]<br>[[1848]]| currency = [[Fran Swisi]]|currency_code=CHF| time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.ch]] | calling_code = 41| footnotes = | }} == Historia == ''Article ya molayi: [[Historia ya Swisi]]'' Switzerland is a federation of relatively autonomous [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]]s, some of which have a history of confederacy that goes back more than 700 years, arguably putting them among the world's oldest surviving [[republic]]s. According to the popular legend, in [[1291]], representatives of the '''[[three forest cantons]]''' of [[Canton of Uri|Uri]], [[Schwyz]], and [[Unterwalden]] signed the [[Federal Charter of 1291|Federal Charter]]. The charter united the involved parties in the struggle against foreign rule by the [[Habsburg]]s, who then held the German imperial throne of the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. At the [[Battle of Morgarten]] in [[1315]], the Swiss defeated the Habsburg army and secured quasi-independence as the Swiss Confederation. The authenticity of the Federal Charter is disputed with many historians agreeing that it is in fact a forgery of the [[14th century]]. By [[1353]], the three original cantons had been joined by the cantons of [[Glarus]] and [[Zug]] and the city states of [[Lucerne]], [[Zürich]] and [[Berne]], forming the "Old Federation" of eight states that persisted during much of the [[15th century]] (although Zürich was expelled from the confederation during the [[1440s]] due to a territorial conflict) and led to a significant increase of power and wealth of the federation, in particular due to the victories over [[Charles the Bold]] of [[Burgundy]] during the [[1470s]], and the success of the Swiss [[mercenary|mercenaries]]. The traditional listing order of the [[cantons of Switzerland]] reflects this state, listing the eight "Old Cantons" first, with the city states preceding the founding cantons, followed by cantons that joined the federation after [[1481]], in historical order. The Swiss victory in a war against the [[Swabian League]] in [[1499]] amounted to de facto independence from the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. In [[1506]], Pope [[Julius II]] engaged the [[Swiss Guard]] that continues to serve the [[Vatican]] to the present day. The expansion of the federation, and the reputation of invincibility acquired during the earlier wars, suffered a first setback in [[1515]] with the Swiss defeat in the [[Battle of Marignano]]. The success of [[Zwingli]]'s [[Reformation]] in some cantons led to inter-cantonal wars in [[1529]] and [[1531]] (''Kappeler Kriege''). The conflict between Catholic and Protestant cantons persisted, erupting in further violence at the [[battles of Villmergen]] in [[1656]] and [[1712]]. [[Image:Stumpf-Chronik-Zug.png|left|200px|thumb|1548 view of [[Zug]]]] Under the [[Treaty of Westphalia]] in [[1648]], European countries recognised Switzerland's independence from the Holy Roman Empire and its [[neutral country|neutrality]] (''ancien r&eacute;gime''). In [[1798]], armies of the [[French Revolution]] conquered Switzerland and in [[1803]], [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] imposed a new constitution, largely restoring Swiss autonomy. The [[Congress of Vienna]] in [[1815]] fully re-established Swiss independence and the European powers agreed to permanently recognise the Swiss neutrality. At this time, the territory of Switzerland was increased for the last time, by the new cantons of [[Valais]], [[Canton of Neuchâtel|Neuchatel]] and [[Canton of Geneva|Geneva]]. In [[1847]], a civil war broke out between the Catholic and the Protestant cantons (''Sonderbundskrieg''). Its immediate cause was a 'special treaty' (''[[Sonderbund]]'') of the Catholic cantons. The war lasted for less than a month, causing fewer than 100 casualties. Apart from small riots, this was the latest armed conflict on Swiss territory. As a consequence of the civil war, Switzerland adopted a federal [[constitution]] in [[1848]], amending it extensively in [[1874]] and establishing federal responsibility for defence, trade, and legal matters. In [[1891]], the constitution was revised with unusually strong elements of [[direct democracy]], which remains unique even today. Since then, continued political, economic, and social improvement has characterised Swiss history. In [[1920]], Switzerland joined the [[League of Nations]], and in [[1963]] the [[Council of Europe]]. Switzerland proclaimed neutrality in [[World War I]] and was not involved militarily in the conflict. Neutrality was again proclaimed in [[World War II]], and although a German intervention was both planned and anticipated, it ultimately didn't occur. The massive mobilization of Swiss armed forces under the leadership of General [[Henri Guisan]] is often cited as a decisive factor that the German invasion was never initiated. Modern historical findings, such as the research done by the [[Bergier commission]], indicate that another major factor was the continued trade by Swiss banks with Nazi Germany. Women were granted the right to vote in the first cantons in [[1959]], at the federal level in [[1971]], in the last canton only in [[1990]]. In [[1979]], parts of the canton of [[Berne]] attained independence, forming the new [[canton of Jura]]. On April 18, [[1999]] the Swiss population and the cantons voted in favor of a completely revised federal [[constitution]]. In [[2002]] Switzerland became a full member of the [[United Nations]], leaving the [[Vatican]] as the last widely recognized state without full UN membership. Switzerland is not a member state of the [[EU]] but applied for membership therein in May 1992. Switzerland has not advanced this application since the rejection, by referendum, of the [[European Economic Area]] in December 1992. However, Swiss law is gradually being adjusted to that of the EU and the government has signed a number of [[bilateral agreements]] with the European Union. Switzerland (together with [[Liechtenstein]]) has been surrounded by the EU since [[Austria|Austria's]] membership in [[1995]]. On June 5, [[2005]], Swiss voters agreed, by a 55% majority, to join the [[Schengen treaty]], a result that was welcomed by EU commentators as a sign of goodwill by a Switzerland that is traditionally perceived as isolationist. [[Image:Carte suisse2.png|thumb|310px|left|Swisi]] == Politiki == ''Main article: [[Politiki ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Curia Confoederationis Heleticae - Swiss parliament and government.jpg|right|200px|thumb|[[Curia Confoederationis Helveticae]] in [[Bern]]]] Switzerland features a system of government unlike any other seen in [[Europe]], or indeed much of the world. The bicameral Swiss [[parliament]], the Federal Assembly, is the primary seat of power, apart from the Federal Council. Both houses, the [[Swiss Council of States|Council of States]] and the [[National Council of Switzerland|National Council]], have equal powers in all respects, including the right to introduce legislation. Under the [[1999]] [[constitution]], cantons hold all powers not specifically delegated to the federation. The 46 members of the Council of States (two from each canton and one from former half cantons) are directly elected in each canton, whereas the 200 members of the National Council are elected directly under a system of [[proportional representation]]. Members of both houses serve for 4 years. Through [[referenda]] citizens may challenge any law voted by federal parliament and through [[initiative]]s introduce amendments to the federal constitution, making Switzerland a [[semi-direct democracy]]. The top [[executive]] body and collective [[Head of State]] is the [[Swiss Federal Council|Federal Council]], a collegial body of seven members. Although the constitution provides that the Assembly elects and supervises the members of the Council, the latter (and its administration) has gradually assumed a preeminent role in directing the [[legislative]] process as well as executing federal laws. The [[President of the Swiss Confederation|President of the Confederation]] is elected from the seven. During a one year term, s/he assumes special representative functions. From 1959 to December 2003, the four major parties were represented in the Federal Council according to the "magic formula", proportional to their representation in federal parliament: 2 [[Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland|Christian Democrats (CVP/PDC)]], 2 from the [[Social Democratic Party of Switzerland|Social Democrats (SPS/PSS)]], 2 [[Radical Free Democratic Party of Switzerland|Free Democrats (FDP/PRD)]], and 1 from the [[Swiss People's Party|Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC)]]. This traditional distribution of seats, however, is not backed up by any law, and in the 2003 elections to the Federal Council the CVP/PDC lost their second seat to the SVP/UDC. The function of the [[Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland|Federal Supreme Court]] is to hear appeals of cantonal courts or the administrative rulings of the federal administration. The judges are elected by the Federal Assembly for six-year terms. Citizens may seek a decision on an [[amendment]] they want to make to the Constitution. For such an amendment initiative to be organized,the signatures of 100,000 voters must be collected within 18 months. They are the driving force behind [[direct democracy]]. A [[popular initiative]] may be formulated as a general proposal or - much more often - be put forward as a precise new text whose wording can no longer be changed by [[Parliament]] and the Government. Since 1987, voters may approve both the [[initiative]] and the [[counter-proposal]]. A deciding question determines which of the two texts will enter into force if both of them secure a popular majority and a majority of the [[States]]. Popular initiatives do not originate from the [[Parliament]] or [[Government]] but from the citizens themselves. See also: * [[International relations of Switzerland]] == Ba Kanton (Provinsi Fedelali) == ''Article molayi: [[Ba Kanton ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Schweiz graubuenden sent.jpg|right|180px|thumb|Wintertime view of [[Sent]], in the eastern canton of [[Graubünden]].]] The Swiss Confederation consists of 26 [[canton (subnational entity)|canton]]s: <table><tr valign=top><td> *[[Aargau]] (Argovia) *[[Appenzell Innerrhoden]] (Inner Rhodes) * *[[Appenzell Ausserrhoden]] (Outer Rhodes) * *[[Basel-Stadt]] (Basle-City) * *[[Basel-Landschaft]] (Basle-Country) * *[[Canton of Bern|Bern]] (Berne) *[[Canton of Fribourg|Fribourg]] (Freiburg) *[[Canton of Geneva|Geneva]] (Genève) *[[Canton of Glarus|Glarus]] *[[Graubünden]] (Grischun/Grigioni) *[[Canton of Jura|Jura]] *[[Canton of Lucerne|Lucerne]] (Luzern) *[[Canton of Neuchâtel|Neuchâtel]] <td> *[[Nidwalden]] * *[[Obwalden]] * *[[Canton of Schaffhausen|Schaffhausen]] *[[Canton of Schwyz|Schwyz]] *[[Canton of Solothurn|Solothurn]] (Soleure) *[[Canton of St. Gallen|St. Gallen]] (St. Gall) *[[Thurgau]] (Thurgovia) *[[Ticino]] *[[Canton of Uri|Uri]] *[[Valais]] (Wallis) *[[Vaud]] *[[Canton of Zug|Zug]] *[[Canton of Zurich|Zürich]] (Zurich) </table> <small>[*] these Cantons are represented by only one councilor in the [[Swiss Council of States|Council of States]]. The population varies between 15,000 (Appenzell Innerrhoden) and 1,253,500 (Zürich), area between 37 km² (Basel-Stadt) and 7,105 km² (Grisons). Cantons are divided in a total of [[municipalities of Switzerland|2,889 municipalities]]. The following are [[enclave]]s within Switzerland: [[Büsingen]] is territory of [[Germany]], [[Campione d'Italia]] is territory of [[Italy]]. == Jyografi == ''Main article: [[Jyografi ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Map-of-Switzerland.png|thumb|right|Map of Switzerland (overview)]] With an area of 41,000 square kilometers, Switzerland is a small country. The population is around 7.4 million, resulting in a population density of 184 people per km² (roughly comparable to the [[USA|U. S.]] state of [[Maryland]]). The Swiss landscape is characterised by the [[Alps]], a high mountain range running across the central-south of the country. Amongst the high peaks of the [[Swiss Alps]], the highest of which is the [[Dufour Peak]] at [[1 E3 m|4,634 m]], are found countless valleys, some with [[glacier]]s. From these the headwaters of several major European rivers such as the [[Rhine]], the [[Rhone River|Rhône]], the [[Inn River|Inn]], the [[Aare]] or the [[Ticino River|Ticino]], flow down into lakes such as [[Lake Geneva]], [[Lake Zürich]], [[Lake Neuchâtel]], and [[Lake Constance]] and farther down. Switzerland is made up of the Swiss Alps, Mittelland, and Jura. [[Image:swissmap.png|thumb|left|Map of Switzerland (detailed)]] The northern, more populous part of the country is more open, but can still be fairly mountainous such as with the [[Jura Mountains]], a smaller range in the northwest. The Swiss [[climate]] is generally [[temperate climate|temperate]], but it can vary greatly locally, from the harsh conditions on the high mountains to the pleasant Mediterranean climate at Switzerland's southern tip. A zoomable map of Switzerland is available at either [http://www.swissinfo-geo.org www.swissinfo-geo.org] or [http://www.swissgeo.ch www.swissgeo.ch], a zoomable satellite picture at [http://map.search.ch/ map.search.ch]. <br style="clear:both;"/> ''See also:'' [[Swisstopo]] topographical survey, [[List of lakes of Switzerland]], [[List of rivers of Switzerland]], [[List of mountain passes in Switzerland]]. == Economy == ''Main article: [[Economy of Switzerland]]'' Switzerland is a prosperous and stable modern market economy with a per capita [[Gross Domestic Product|GDP]] higher than that of the big western European economies. Switzerland is a member of the [[European Free Trade Association]]. The Swiss in recent years have brought their economic practices largely into conformity with the [[European Union]]'s to enhance their international competitiveness. Full EU membership is a long-term objective of the Swiss government, but there is considerable popular sentiment against this. To this end, it has established an [http://www.europa.admin.ch/e/index.htm Integration Office] under the Department of Foreign and Economic Affairs. In order to minimise the negative consequences of Switzerland's isolation from the rest of Europe, Bern and Brussels signed seven agreements, called Bilateral Agreements I, to further liberalise trade ties in [[1999]] and entering into force in 2001. This first series of bilateral agreements included the free movement of persons. A second series covering nine areas was signed in 2004 and is waiting ratification. The second series includes the [[Schengen treaty]] and the [[Dublin Convention]]. They continue to discuss further areas for cooperation. Switzerland voted against membership in the [[European Economic Area]] in December 1992 and has since maintained and developed its relationships with the European Union and European countries via bilateral agreements. * [[List of Swiss companies]] == Demographics == ''Main article: [[Demographics of Switzerland]]'' [[Image:Swiss languages.png|thumb|The languages of Switzerland: <br>[[German language|German]] (63.7%; yellow), <br>[[French language|French]] (19.2%; purple), <br>[[Italian language|Italian]] (7.6%; green), <br>[[Romansh language|Romansh]] (0.6%; red)]] Switzerland sits at the crossroads of several major European cultures, which have heavily influenced the country's languages and cultural practices. Switzerland has four official languages: [[German language|German]] (64%; yellow) in the north and centre, [[French language|French]] (19%; purple) to the west, [[Italian language|Italian]] (8%; green) in the south, and finally [[Romansh language|Romansh]], a [[Romance language]] spoken by a small minority (<1%; red) in the southeastern canton of [[Graubünden]] and parts of [[Ticino]]. There is no obligation for the state to translate its communication in all four languages, so most communication is in three languages and only some very important documents are translated to Romansh. Indeed, in the parliament, German, French and Italian are the official languages and simultaneous translation is provided. The German spoken in Switzerland is predominantly a group of [[dialect]]s that are almost unintelligible to Germans and are collectively known as [[Swiss German]], but newspapers and some broadcasts use [[High German]], which is also the predominant language in the German part for any written communication. [[Swiss French]] and [[Swiss Italian]] differ far less from their counterparts spoken in France and Italy. Learning one of the other national languages is obligatory for all Swiss, so most Swiss speak two or more languages. It should also be noted that [[English]] is a Swiss [[lingua franca]], and, in fact, most, if not all Swiss, have some command of English. Many Swiss documents and websites are also available in English. Resident foreigners and temporary foreign workers make up about 20% of the population. The largest religion in Switzerland is [[Roman Catholicism]], to which some 43% of the population adhere. Various [[Protestant]] faiths number some 35% of the population, and immigration has established [[Islam]] (4%) and [[Eastern Orthodoxy]] (2%) as sizable minority religions. The remainder belongs to very small minorities or is unaffiliated. The stability and prosperity of Switzerland, combined with a linguistically and religiously diverse population has led some to describe the country as a consensus state or a [[consociational state]]. * [[List of Swiss people]] == Culture == ''Main article: [[Culture of Switzerland]]'' The culture of Switzerland is influenced by its neighbours, but over the years a distinctive culture with strong regional differences has developed. Traditionally Switzerland is not considered one of the centres of European culture, but this conception might be deceptive. A number of culturally active Swiss have chosen to move abroad, probably given the limited opportunities in their homeland. At the same time, the neutrality of Switzerland has attracted many creative people from all over the world. In war times the tradition of political asylum helped to attract artists, whilst recently low taxes seem predominant. Strong regionalism in Switzerland makes it difficult to speak of a homogenous Swiss culture. The influence of German, French and Italian culture on their neighbouring parts and the influence of Anglo-American culture cannot be denied. The Rhaeto-Romanic culture in the eastern mountains of Switzerland is robust. The Swiss are noted for their [[bank]]s, their [[chocolate]], their [[Swiss cheese|cheese]], their [[Swiss Army knife|pocket knives]], their [[watch|watches]] (particularly the famous [[Rolex]]), their private [[boarding school]]s and their strengths in engineering and the [[Culture of Switzerland#Science|sciences]]. The tallest building in Switzerland is the [[Basler Messeturm]]. * [[Music of Switzerland]] * [[Culture of Switzerland]] * [[Swiss cuisine]] * [[SRG SSR idée suisse]] * [[Switzerland in popular culture]] == Miscellaneous topics == * [[2004 in Switzerland]] * [[2005 in Switzerland]] * [[Communications in Switzerland]] * [[Data codes for Switzerland]] * [[Education in Switzerland]] * [[Enlargement of the European Union]] * [[List of cities in Switzerland]] * [[List of Swiss people]] * [[List of Switzerland-related topics]] * [[Military of Switzerland]] * [[Stamps and postal history of Switzerland]] * [[Swiss citizenship]] * [[Third country relationships with the EU]] * [[Transportation in Switzerland]] == External links == {{pic}} *Governmental websites **[http://www.admin.ch/ch/index.en.html The Federal Authorities] **[http://www.parlament.ch/e/homepage.htm The Swiss Parliament] **[http://www.bger.ch Federal Supreme Court] - (in German, French and Italian) **[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office] *[http://www.swissinfo.org/ Switzerland's news and information platform] - maintained by the public Swiss Broadcasting Corporation (in 9 languages) *[http://www.dhs.ch/ Historical Dictionary of Switzerland] - Country encyclopedia (in German, French and Italian) *[http://www.swissworld.org Swissworld] - an encyclopedic presentation of the country by the Swiss Confederation *[http://www.about.ch/ About.ch] - another presentation of the country *[http://www.earth-photography.com/Countries/Switzerland Switzerland Pictures] - Photos of cities and nature in Switzerland *[http://www.myswitzerland.com Switzerland Tourism] National tourist office *[http://www.culturelinks.ch/ Culturelinks.ch] - a portal giving access to Swiss culture websites *[http://www.are.ch Spatial Planning in Switzerland] Website of Swiss Federal Office for Spatial Development (land-use planning, transportation, sustainable development) *[[:als:|Alemannic Wikipedia]] {{Europe}} [[Category:Switzerland|*]] [[als:Schweiz]] [[af:Switserland]] [[ar:سويسرا]] [[ast:Suiza]] [[bg:Швейцария]] [[be:Швайцарыя]] [[ca:Suïssa]] [[cs:Švýcarsko]] [[cy:Y Swistir]] [[da:Schweiz]] [[de:Schweiz]] [[et:Šveits]] [[el:Ελβετία]] [[es:Suiza]] [[eo:Svislando]] [[fo:Sveis]] [[fr:Suisse]] [[fy:Switserlân]] [[ga:An Eilvéis]] [[gd:An Eilbheis]] [[gl:Suíza - Schweiz]] [[ko:스위스]] [[hr:Švicarska]] [[hu:Svájc]] [[ia:Suissa]] [[io:Suisia]] [[id:Swiss]] [[is:Sviss]] [[it:Svizzera]] [[he:שוויץ]] [[la:Helvetia]] [[lb:Schwäiz]] [[lt:Šveicarija]] [[li:Zwitserland]] [[zh-min-nan:Sūi-se]] [[mk:Швајцарија]] [[ms:Switzerland]] [[nl:Zwitserland]] [[nds:Swiez]] [[ja:スイス]] [[nb:Sveits]] [[nn:Sveits]] [[pl:Szwajcaria]] [[pt:Suíça]] [[ro:Elveţia]] [[rm:Svizra]] [[ru:Швейцария]] [[scn:Svizzira]] [[simple:Switzerland]] [[sk:Švajčiarsko]] [[sl:Švica]] [[sr:Швајцарска]] [[fi:Sveitsi]] [[sv:Schweiz]] [[tl:Switzerland]] [[th:ประเทศสวิตเซอร์แลนด์]] [[vi:Thụy Sĩ]] [[tr:İsviçre]] [[uk:Швейцарія]] [[yi:שװײץ]] [[zh:瑞士]] 6218 2005-09-15T09:20:45Z Bombo 12 {{Infobox_country| common_name = Swisi | native_name = Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft<br>Confédération suisse<br>Confederazione Svizzera<br>Confederaziun Svizra<br>Confœderatio Helvetica| image_flag = Switzerland flag 300.png | image_coat = BlasonSUISSE.PNG | image_map = LocationSwitzerland.png | national_motto = Unus pro omnibus, omnes pro uno<br>(English: One for all, all for one)| national_anthem = [[Swiss Psalm]] | official_languages = [[Alemani]], [[Lifalansé]], [[Italiano]], [[Romanshi]]| capital = [[Bern]] |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| largest_city = [[Zurich]] | government_type = [[Republiki Fedelali]] | leader_titles = [[Lisanga Fedelali ya Swisi|Lisanga Fedelali]]| leader_names = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[Moritz Leuenberger]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|VP 2005]])</small><br>[[Pascal Couchepin]]<br>[[Joseph Deiss]]<br>[[Samuel Schmid]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Micheline Calmy-Rey]]<br>[[Christoph Blocher]]<br>[[Hans-Rudolf Merz]]| area = 41,285|area_rank=132nd|area_magnitude=1 E10|percent_water=4.2| population_estimate = 7,399,100|population_estimate_year=2003|population_estimate_rank=92nd | population_density = 181|population_density_rank=44th | population_census = 7,288,010|population_census_year=2000| GDP_PPP = $233 billion|GDP_PPP_year=2003|GDP_PPP_rank=35th| GDP_nominal = $309 billion|GDP_nominal_year=2003|GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,186|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=8th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $42,138|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=3rd| sovereignty_type =[[Independence]] | established_events =- Declared<br> - Recognised<br>Federal state | established_dates =[[Lisakoli Fedelali ya 1921|Lisakoli Fedelali]]<br> [[1 Ogusiti]], [[1291]]<br> [[October 24]], [[1648]]<br>[[1848]]| currency = [[Fran Swisi]]|currency_code=CHF| time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.ch]] | calling_code = 41| footnotes = | }} == Historia == ''Article ya molayi: [[Historia ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Stumpf-Chronik-Zug.png|left|200px|thumb|1548 view of [[Zug]]]] [[Image:Carte suisse2.png|thumb|310px|left|Swisi]] == Politiki == ''Article molayi: [[Politiki ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Curia Confoederationis Heleticae - Swiss parliament and government.jpg|right|200px|thumb|[[Curia Confoederationis Helveticae]] in [[Bern]]]] == Ba Kanton (Provinsi Fedelali) == ''Article molayi: [[Ba Kanton ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Schweiz graubuenden sent.jpg|right|180px|thumb|Wintertime view of [[Sent]], in the eastern canton of [[Graubünden]].]] The Swiss Confederation consists of 26 [[canton (subnational entity)|canton]]s: <table><tr valign=top><td> *[[Aargau]] (Argovia) *[[Appenzell Innerrhoden]] (Inner Rhodes) * *[[Appenzell Ausserrhoden]] (Outer Rhodes) * *[[Basel-Stadt]] (Basle-City) * *[[Basel-Landschaft]] (Basle-Country) * *[[Canton of Bern|Bern]] (Berne) *[[Canton of Fribourg|Fribourg]] (Freiburg) *[[Canton of Geneva|Geneva]] (Genève) *[[Canton of Glarus|Glarus]] *[[Graubünden]] (Grischun/Grigioni) *[[Canton of Jura|Jura]] *[[Canton of Lucerne|Lucerne]] (Luzern) *[[Canton of Neuchâtel|Neuchâtel]] <td> *[[Nidwalden]] * *[[Obwalden]] * *[[Canton of Schaffhausen|Schaffhausen]] *[[Canton of Schwyz|Schwyz]] *[[Canton of Solothurn|Solothurn]] (Soleure) *[[Canton of St. Gallen|St. Gallen]] (St. Gall) *[[Thurgau]] (Thurgovia) *[[Ticino]] *[[Canton of Uri|Uri]] *[[Valais]] (Wallis) *[[Vaud]] *[[Canton of Zug|Zug]] *[[Canton of Zurich|Zürich]] (Zurich) </table> <small>[*] these Cantons are represented by only one councilor in the [[Swiss Council of States|Council of States]]. == Jyografi == [[Image:Map-of-Switzerland.png|thumb|right|Map of Switzerland (overview)]] [[Image:Swiss languages.png|thumb|The languages of Switzerland: <br>[[German language|German]] (63.7%; yellow), <br>[[French language|French]] (19.2%; purple), <br>[[Italian language|Italian]] (7.6%; green), <br>[[Romansh language|Romansh]] (0.6%; red)]] {{Europe}} [[als:Schweiz]] [[af:Switserland]] [[ar:سويسرا]] [[ast:Suiza]] [[bg:Швейцария]] [[be:Швайцарыя]] [[ca:Suïssa]] [[cs:Švýcarsko]] [[cy:Y Swistir]] [[da:Schweiz]] [[de:Schweiz]] [[et:Šveits]] [[el:Ελβετία]] [[es:Suiza]] [[eo:Svislando]] [[fo:Sveis]] [[fr:Suisse]] [[fy:Switserlân]] [[ga:An Eilvéis]] [[gd:An Eilbheis]] [[gl:Suíza - Schweiz]] [[ko:스위스]] [[hr:Švicarska]] [[hu:Svájc]] [[ia:Suissa]] [[io:Suisia]] [[id:Swiss]] [[is:Sviss]] [[it:Svizzera]] [[he:שוויץ]] [[la:Helvetia]] [[lb:Schwäiz]] [[lt:Šveicarija]] [[li:Zwitserland]] [[zh-min-nan:Sūi-se]] [[mk:Швајцарија]] [[ms:Switzerland]] [[nl:Zwitserland]] [[nds:Swiez]] [[ja:スイス]] [[nb:Sveits]] [[nn:Sveits]] [[pl:Szwajcaria]] [[pt:Suíça]] [[ro:Elveţia]] [[rm:Svizra]] [[ru:Швейцария]] [[scn:Svizzira]] [[simple:Switzerland]] [[sk:Švajčiarsko]] [[sl:Švica]] [[sr:Швајцарска]] [[fi:Sveitsi]] [[sv:Schweiz]] [[tl:Switzerland]] [[th:ประเทศสวิตเซอร์แลนด์]] [[vi:Thụy Sĩ]] [[tr:İsviçre]] [[uk:Швейцарія]] [[yi:שװײץ]] [[zh:瑞士]] 6219 2005-09-15T09:23:02Z Bombo 12 {{Infobox_country| common_name = Swisi | native_name = Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft<br>Confédération suisse<br>Confederazione Svizzera<br>Confederaziun Svizra<br>Confœderatio Helvetica| image_flag = Switzerland flag 300.png | image_coat = BlasonSUISSE.PNG | image_map = LocationSwitzerland.png | national_motto = Unus pro omnibus, omnes pro uno<br>(English: One for all, all for one)| national_anthem = [[Swiss Psalm]] | official_languages = [[Alemani]], [[Lifalansé]], [[Italiano]], [[Romanshi]]| capital = [[Bern]] |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| largest_city = [[Zurich]] | government_type = [[Republiki Fedelali]] | leader_titles = [[Lisanga Fedelali ya Swisi|Lisanga Fedelali]]| leader_names = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[Moritz Leuenberger]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|VP 2005]])</small><br>[[Pascal Couchepin]]<br>[[Joseph Deiss]]<br>[[Samuel Schmid]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Micheline Calmy-Rey]]<br>[[Christoph Blocher]]<br>[[Hans-Rudolf Merz]]| area = 41,285|area_rank=132nd|area_magnitude=1 E10|percent_water=4.2| population_estimate = 7,399,100|population_estimate_year=2003|population_estimate_rank=92nd | population_density = 181|population_density_rank=44th | population_census = 7,288,010|population_census_year=2000| GDP_PPP = $233 billion|GDP_PPP_year=2003|GDP_PPP_rank=35th| GDP_nominal = $309 billion|GDP_nominal_year=2003|GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,186|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=8th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $42,138|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=3rd| sovereignty_type =[[Independence]] | established_events =- Declared<br> - Recognised<br>Federal state | established_dates =[[Lisakoli Fedelali ya 1921|Lisakoli Fedelali]]<br> [[1 Ogusiti]], [[1291]]<br> [[October 24]], [[1648]]<br>[[1848]]| currency = [[Fran Swisi]]|currency_code=CHF| time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.ch]] | calling_code = 41| footnotes = | }} == Historia == ''Article ya molayi: [[Historia ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Stumpf-Chronik-Zug.png|left|200px|thumb|1548 view of [[Zug]]]] [[Image:Carte suisse2.png|thumb|310px|left|Swisi]] == Politiki == ''Article molayi: [[Politiki ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Curia Confoederationis Heleticae - Swiss parliament and government.jpg|right|200px|thumb|[[Curia Confoederationis Helveticae]] in [[Bern]]]] == Ba Kanton (Provinsi Fedelali) == ''Article molayi: [[Ba Kanton ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Schweiz graubuenden sent.jpg|right|180px|thumb|Wintertime view of [[Sent]], in the eastern canton of [[Graubünden]].]] The Swiss Confederation consists of 26 [[canton (subnational entity)|canton]]s: <table><tr valign=top><td> *[[Aargau]] (Argovia) *[[Appenzell Innerrhoden]] (Inner Rhodes) * *[[Appenzell Ausserrhoden]] (Outer Rhodes) * *[[Basel-Stadt]] (Basle-City) * *[[Basel-Landschaft]] (Basle-Country) * *[[Canton of Bern|Bern]] (Berne) *[[Canton of Fribourg|Fribourg]] (Freiburg) *[[Canton of Geneva|Geneva]] (Genève) *[[Canton of Glarus|Glarus]] *[[Graubünden]] (Grischun/Grigioni) *[[Canton of Jura|Jura]] *[[Canton of Lucerne|Lucerne]] (Luzern) *[[Canton of Neuchâtel|Neuchâtel]] <td> *[[Nidwalden]] * *[[Obwalden]] * *[[Canton of Schaffhausen|Schaffhausen]] *[[Canton of Schwyz|Schwyz]] *[[Canton of Solothurn|Solothurn]] (Soleure) *[[Canton of St. Gallen|St. Gallen]] (St. Gall) *[[Thurgau]] (Thurgovia) *[[Ticino]] *[[Canton of Uri|Uri]] *[[Valais]] (Wallis) *[[Vaud]] *[[Canton of Zug|Zug]] *[[Canton of Zurich|Zürich]] (Zurich) </table> <small>[*] these Cantons are represented by only one councilor in the [[Swiss Council of States|Council of States]]. == Jyografi == [[Image:Map-of-Switzerland.png|thumb|right|Map of Switzerland (overview)]] [[Image:Swiss languages.png|thumb|The languages of Switzerland: <br>[[Alemani]] (63.7%; yellow), <br>[[Lifalansé]] (19.2%; purple), <br>[[Italiano]] (7.6%; green), <br>[[Romanshi]] (0.6%; red)]] {{Europe}} [[als:Schweiz]] [[af:Switserland]] [[ar:سويسرا]] [[ast:Suiza]] [[bg:Швейцария]] [[be:Швайцарыя]] [[ca:Suïssa]] [[cs:Švýcarsko]] [[cy:Y Swistir]] [[da:Schweiz]] [[de:Schweiz]] [[et:Šveits]] [[el:Ελβετία]] [[es:Suiza]] [[eo:Svislando]] [[fo:Sveis]] [[fr:Suisse]] [[fy:Switserlân]] [[ga:An Eilvéis]] [[gd:An Eilbheis]] [[gl:Suíza - Schweiz]] [[ko:스위스]] [[hr:Švicarska]] [[hu:Svájc]] [[ia:Suissa]] [[io:Suisia]] [[id:Swiss]] [[is:Sviss]] [[it:Svizzera]] [[he:שוויץ]] [[la:Helvetia]] [[lb:Schwäiz]] [[lt:Šveicarija]] [[li:Zwitserland]] [[zh-min-nan:Sūi-se]] [[mk:Швајцарија]] [[ms:Switzerland]] [[nl:Zwitserland]] [[nds:Swiez]] [[ja:スイス]] [[nb:Sveits]] [[nn:Sveits]] [[pl:Szwajcaria]] [[pt:Suíça]] [[ro:Elveţia]] [[rm:Svizra]] [[ru:Швейцария]] [[scn:Svizzira]] [[simple:Switzerland]] [[sk:Švajčiarsko]] [[sl:Švica]] [[sr:Швајцарска]] [[fi:Sveitsi]] [[sv:Schweiz]] [[tl:Switzerland]] [[th:ประเทศสวิตเซอร์แลนด์]] [[vi:Thụy Sĩ]] [[tr:İsviçre]] [[uk:Швейцарія]] [[yi:שװײץ]] [[zh:瑞士]] 6258 2005-09-16T04:44:46Z Node ue 31 rm excess english, french == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Historia ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Carte suisse2.png|thumb|310px|left|Swisi]] == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Politiki ya Swisi]]'' == Ba Kanton (Provinsi Fedelali) == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Ba Kanton ya Swisi]]'' == Jyografi == '''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Jyografi ya Swisi]]''' {{Europe}} [[als:Schweiz]] [[af:Switserland]] [[ar:سويسرا]] [[ast:Suiza]] [[bg:Швейцария]] [[be:Швайцарыя]] [[ca:Suïssa]] [[cs:Švýcarsko]] [[cy:Y Swistir]] [[da:Schweiz]] [[de:Schweiz]] [[et:Šveits]] [[el:Ελβετία]] [[es:Suiza]] [[eo:Svislando]] [[fo:Sveis]] [[fr:Suisse]] [[fy:Switserlân]] [[ga:An Eilvéis]] [[gd:An Eilbheis]] [[gl:Suíza - Schweiz]] [[ko:스위스]] [[hr:Švicarska]] [[hu:Svájc]] [[ia:Suissa]] [[io:Suisia]] [[id:Swiss]] [[is:Sviss]] [[it:Svizzera]] [[he:שוויץ]] [[la:Helvetia]] [[lb:Schwäiz]] [[lt:Šveicarija]] [[li:Zwitserland]] [[zh-min-nan:Sūi-se]] [[mk:Швајцарија]] [[ms:Switzerland]] [[nl:Zwitserland]] [[nds:Swiez]] [[ja:スイス]] [[nb:Sveits]] [[nn:Sveits]] [[pl:Szwajcaria]] [[pt:Suíça]] [[ro:Elveţia]] [[rm:Svizra]] [[ru:Швейцария]] [[scn:Svizzira]] [[simple:Switzerland]] [[sk:Švajčiarsko]] [[sl:Švica]] [[sr:Швајцарска]] [[fi:Sveitsi]] [[sv:Schweiz]] [[tl:Switzerland]] [[th:ประเทศสวิตเซอร์แลนด์]] [[vi:Thụy Sĩ]] [[tr:İsviçre]] [[uk:Швейцарія]] [[yi:שװײץ]] [[zh:瑞士]] 6643 2005-11-03T22:09:01Z Themalau 22 {{infobox_country}} == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Historia ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Carte suisse2.png|thumb|310px|left|Swisi]] == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Politiki ya Swisi]]'' == Ba Kanton (Provinsi Fedelali) == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Ba Kanton ya Swisi]]'' == Jyografi == '''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Jyografi ya Swisi]]''' {{Europe}} [[als:Schweiz]] [[af:Switserland]] [[ar:سويسرا]] [[ast:Suiza]] [[bg:Швейцария]] [[be:Швайцарыя]] [[ca:Suïssa]] [[cs:Švýcarsko]] [[cy:Y Swistir]] [[da:Schweiz]] [[de:Schweiz]] [[et:Šveits]] [[el:Ελβετία]] [[es:Suiza]] [[eo:Svislando]] [[fo:Sveis]] [[fr:Suisse]] [[fy:Switserlân]] [[ga:An Eilvéis]] [[gd:An Eilbheis]] [[gl:Suíza - Schweiz]] [[ko:스위스]] [[hr:Švicarska]] [[hu:Svájc]] [[ia:Suissa]] [[io:Suisia]] [[id:Swiss]] [[is:Sviss]] [[it:Svizzera]] [[he:שוויץ]] [[la:Helvetia]] [[lb:Schwäiz]] [[lt:Šveicarija]] [[li:Zwitserland]] [[zh-min-nan:Sūi-se]] [[mk:Швајцарија]] [[ms:Switzerland]] [[nl:Zwitserland]] [[nds:Swiez]] [[ja:スイス]] [[nb:Sveits]] [[nn:Sveits]] [[pl:Szwajcaria]] [[pt:Suíça]] [[ro:Elveţia]] [[rm:Svizra]] [[ru:Швейцария]] [[scn:Svizzira]] [[simple:Switzerland]] [[sk:Švajčiarsko]] [[sl:Švica]] [[sr:Швајцарска]] [[fi:Sveitsi]] [[sv:Schweiz]] [[tl:Switzerland]] [[th:ประเทศสวิตเซอร์แลนด์]] [[vi:Thụy Sĩ]] [[tr:İsviçre]] [[uk:Швейцарія]] [[yi:שװײץ]] [[zh:瑞士]] 6644 2005-11-03T22:15:51Z Themalau 22 common_name = Switzerland | native_name = Confoederatio Helvetica<br>Confédération suisse<br>Confederazione Svizzera<br>Confederaziun svizra<br>Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft| image_flag = Switzerland flag large.png | image_coat = Switzerland coat of arms.png | image_map = LocationSwitzerland.png | national_motto = (none)| national_anthem = [[Swiss Psalm]] | official_languages = [[German language|German]], [[French language|French]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Romansh language|Romansh]]| capital = [[Bern]] (federal capital) |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| largest_city = [[Zurich]] | government_type = [[Federal republic]] | leader_titles = [[Swiss Federal Council|Federal Council]]| leader_names = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[Moritz Leuenberger]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Vice Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Pascal Couchepin]]<br>[[Joseph Deiss]]<br>[[Samuel Schmid]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Micheline Calmy-Rey]]<br>[[Christoph Blocher]]<br>[[Hans-Rudolf Merz]]| area = 41,285|area_rank=132nd|area_magnitude=1 E10|percent_water=4.2| population_estimate = 7,399,100|population_estimate_year=2003|population_estimate_rank=92nd | population_density = 181|population_density_rank=44th | population_census = 7,288,010|population_census_year=2000| GDP_PPP = $233 billion|GDP_PPP_year=2003|GDP_PPP_rank=35th| GDP_nominal = $309 billion|GDP_nominal_year=2003|GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,186|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=8th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $42,138|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=3rd| HDI_year=2004| HDI=0.947| HDI_rank=7th| HDI_category=<font color="#009900">high</font>| sovereignty_type =[[Independence]] | established_events =- Declared<br> - Recognised<br>Federal state | established_dates =[[Federal Charter of 1291|Federal Charter]]<br> [[August 1]], [[1291]]<br> [[October 24]], [[1648]]<br>[[1848]]| currency = [[Swiss franc]]|currency_code=CHF| time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.ch]] |calling_code = 41| footnotes = | }} == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Historia ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Carte suisse2.png|thumb|310px|left|Swisi]] == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Politiki ya Swisi]]'' == Ba Kanton (Provinsi Fedelali) == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Ba Kanton ya Swisi]]'' == Jyografi == '''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Jyografi ya Swisi]]''' {{Europe}} [[als:Schweiz]] [[af:Switserland]] [[ar:سويسرا]] [[ast:Suiza]] [[bg:Швейцария]] [[be:Швайцарыя]] [[ca:Suïssa]] [[cs:Švýcarsko]] [[cy:Y Swistir]] [[da:Schweiz]] [[de:Schweiz]] [[et:Šveits]] [[el:Ελβετία]] [[es:Suiza]] [[eo:Svislando]] [[fo:Sveis]] [[fr:Suisse]] [[fy:Switserlân]] [[ga:An Eilvéis]] [[gd:An Eilbheis]] [[gl:Suíza - Schweiz]] [[ko:스위스]] [[hr:Švicarska]] [[hu:Svájc]] [[ia:Suissa]] [[io:Suisia]] [[id:Swiss]] [[is:Sviss]] [[it:Svizzera]] [[he:שוויץ]] [[la:Helvetia]] [[lb:Schwäiz]] [[lt:Šveicarija]] [[li:Zwitserland]] [[zh-min-nan:Sūi-se]] [[mk:Швајцарија]] [[ms:Switzerland]] [[nl:Zwitserland]] [[nds:Swiez]] [[ja:スイス]] [[nb:Sveits]] [[nn:Sveits]] [[pl:Szwajcaria]] [[pt:Suíça]] [[ro:Elveţia]] [[rm:Svizra]] [[ru:Швейцария]] [[scn:Svizzira]] [[simple:Switzerland]] [[sk:Švajčiarsko]] [[sl:Švica]] [[sr:Швајцарска]] [[fi:Sveitsi]] [[sv:Schweiz]] [[tl:Switzerland]] [[th:ประเทศสวิตเซอร์แลนด์]] [[vi:Thụy Sĩ]] [[tr:İsviçre]] [[uk:Швейцарія]] [[yi:שװײץ]] [[zh:瑞士]] 6645 2005-11-03T22:16:30Z Themalau 22 {{infobox_country common_name = Switzerland | native_name = Confoederatio Helvetica<br>Confédération suisse<br>Confederazione Svizzera<br>Confederaziun svizra<br>Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft| image_flag = Switzerland flag large.png | image_coat = Switzerland coat of arms.png | image_map = LocationSwitzerland.png | national_motto = (none)| national_anthem = [[Swiss Psalm]] | official_languages = [[German language|German]], [[French language|French]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Romansh language|Romansh]]| capital = [[Bern]] (federal capital) |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| largest_city = [[Zurich]] | government_type = [[Federal republic]] | leader_titles = [[Swiss Federal Council|Federal Council]]| leader_names = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[Moritz Leuenberger]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Vice Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Pascal Couchepin]]<br>[[Joseph Deiss]]<br>[[Samuel Schmid]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Micheline Calmy-Rey]]<br>[[Christoph Blocher]]<br>[[Hans-Rudolf Merz]]| area = 41,285|area_rank=132nd|area_magnitude=1 E10|percent_water=4.2| population_estimate = 7,399,100|population_estimate_year=2003|population_estimate_rank=92nd | population_density = 181|population_density_rank=44th | population_census = 7,288,010|population_census_year=2000| GDP_PPP = $233 billion|GDP_PPP_year=2003|GDP_PPP_rank=35th| GDP_nominal = $309 billion|GDP_nominal_year=2003|GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,186|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=8th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $42,138|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=3rd| HDI_year=2004| HDI=0.947| HDI_rank=7th| HDI_category=<font color="#009900">high</font>| sovereignty_type =[[Independence]] | established_events =- Declared<br> - Recognised<br>Federal state | established_dates =[[Federal Charter of 1291|Federal Charter]]<br> [[August 1]], [[1291]]<br> [[October 24]], [[1648]]<br>[[1848]]| currency = [[Swiss franc]]|currency_code=CHF| time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.ch]] |calling_code = 41| footnotes = | }} == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Historia ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Carte suisse2.png|thumb|310px|left|Swisi]] == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Politiki ya Swisi]]'' == Ba Kanton (Provinsi Fedelali) == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Ba Kanton ya Swisi]]'' == Jyografi == '''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Jyografi ya Swisi]]''' {{Europe}} [[als:Schweiz]] [[af:Switserland]] [[ar:سويسرا]] [[ast:Suiza]] [[bg:Швейцария]] [[be:Швайцарыя]] [[ca:Suïssa]] [[cs:Švýcarsko]] [[cy:Y Swistir]] [[da:Schweiz]] [[de:Schweiz]] [[et:Šveits]] [[el:Ελβετία]] [[es:Suiza]] [[eo:Svislando]] [[fo:Sveis]] [[fr:Suisse]] [[fy:Switserlân]] [[ga:An Eilvéis]] [[gd:An Eilbheis]] [[gl:Suíza - Schweiz]] [[ko:스위스]] [[hr:Švicarska]] [[hu:Svájc]] [[ia:Suissa]] [[io:Suisia]] [[id:Swiss]] [[is:Sviss]] [[it:Svizzera]] [[he:שוויץ]] [[la:Helvetia]] [[lb:Schwäiz]] [[lt:Šveicarija]] [[li:Zwitserland]] [[zh-min-nan:Sūi-se]] [[mk:Швајцарија]] [[ms:Switzerland]] [[nl:Zwitserland]] [[nds:Swiez]] [[ja:スイス]] [[nb:Sveits]] [[nn:Sveits]] [[pl:Szwajcaria]] [[pt:Suíça]] [[ro:Elveţia]] [[rm:Svizra]] [[ru:Швейцария]] [[scn:Svizzira]] [[simple:Switzerland]] [[sk:Švajčiarsko]] [[sl:Švica]] [[sr:Швајцарска]] [[fi:Sveitsi]] [[sv:Schweiz]] [[tl:Switzerland]] [[th:ประเทศสวิตเซอร์แลนด์]] [[vi:Thụy Sĩ]] [[tr:İsviçre]] [[uk:Швейцарія]] [[yi:שװײץ]] [[zh:瑞士]] 6646 2005-11-03T22:18:18Z Themalau 22 {{infobox_country| common_name = Switzerland | native_name = Confoederatio Helvetica<br>Confédération suisse<br>Confederazione Svizzera<br>Confederaziun svizra<br>Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft| image_flag = Switzerland flag large.png | image_coat = Switzerland coat of arms.png | image_map = LocationSwitzerland.png | national_motto = (none)| national_anthem = [[Swiss Psalm]] | official_languages = [[German language|German]], [[French language|French]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Romansh language|Romansh]]| capital = [[Bern]] (federal capital) |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| largest_city = [[Zurich]] | government_type = [[Federal republic]] | leader_titles = [[Swiss Federal Council|Federal Council]]| leader_names = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[Moritz Leuenberger]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Vice Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Pascal Couchepin]]<br>[[Joseph Deiss]]<br>[[Samuel Schmid]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Micheline Calmy-Rey]]<br>[[Christoph Blocher]]<br>[[Hans-Rudolf Merz]]| area = 41,285|area_rank=132nd|area_magnitude=1 E10|percent_water=4.2| population_estimate = 7,399,100|population_estimate_year=2003|population_estimate_rank=92nd | population_density = 181|population_density_rank=44th | population_census = 7,288,010|population_census_year=2000| GDP_PPP = $233 billion|GDP_PPP_year=2003|GDP_PPP_rank=35th| GDP_nominal = $309 billion|GDP_nominal_year=2003|GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,186|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=8th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $42,138|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=3rd| HDI_year=2004| HDI=0.947| HDI_rank=7th| HDI_category=<font color="#009900">high</font>| sovereignty_type =[[Independence]] | established_events =- Declared<br> - Recognised<br>Federal state | established_dates =[[Federal Charter of 1291|Federal Charter]]<br> [[August 1]], [[1291]]<br> [[October 24]], [[1648]]<br>[[1848]]| currency = [[Swiss franc]]|currency_code=CHF| time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.ch]] |calling_code = 41| footnotes = | }} == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Historia ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Carte suisse2.png|thumb|310px|left|Swisi]] == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Politiki ya Swisi]]'' == Ba Kanton (Provinsi Fedelali) == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Ba Kanton ya Swisi]]'' == Jyografi == '''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Jyografi ya Swisi]]''' {{Europe}} [[als:Schweiz]] [[af:Switserland]] [[ar:سويسرا]] [[ast:Suiza]] [[bg:Швейцария]] [[be:Швайцарыя]] [[ca:Suïssa]] [[cs:Švýcarsko]] [[cy:Y Swistir]] [[da:Schweiz]] [[de:Schweiz]] [[et:Šveits]] [[el:Ελβετία]] [[es:Suiza]] [[eo:Svislando]] [[fo:Sveis]] [[fr:Suisse]] [[fy:Switserlân]] [[ga:An Eilvéis]] [[gd:An Eilbheis]] [[gl:Suíza - Schweiz]] [[ko:스위스]] [[hr:Švicarska]] [[hu:Svájc]] [[ia:Suissa]] [[io:Suisia]] [[id:Swiss]] [[is:Sviss]] [[it:Svizzera]] [[he:שוויץ]] [[la:Helvetia]] [[lb:Schwäiz]] [[lt:Šveicarija]] [[li:Zwitserland]] [[zh-min-nan:Sūi-se]] [[mk:Швајцарија]] [[ms:Switzerland]] [[nl:Zwitserland]] [[nds:Swiez]] [[ja:スイス]] [[nb:Sveits]] [[nn:Sveits]] [[pl:Szwajcaria]] [[pt:Suíça]] [[ro:Elveţia]] [[rm:Svizra]] [[ru:Швейцария]] [[scn:Svizzira]] [[simple:Switzerland]] [[sk:Švajčiarsko]] [[sl:Švica]] [[sr:Швајцарска]] [[fi:Sveitsi]] [[sv:Schweiz]] [[tl:Switzerland]] [[th:ประเทศสวิตเซอร์แลนด์]] [[vi:Thụy Sĩ]] [[tr:İsviçre]] [[uk:Швейцарія]] [[yi:שװײץ]] [[zh:瑞士]] 6649 2005-11-03T22:39:34Z 12.222.61.144 {{infobox_country| common_name = Switzerland | native_name = Confoederatio Helvetica<br>Confédération suisse<br>Confederazione Svizzera<br>Confederaziun svizra<br>Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft| image_flag = Switzerland flag large.png | image_coat = Switzerland coat of arms.png | image_map = LocationSwitzerland.png | national_motto = (none)| national_anthem = [[Swiss Psalm]] | official_languages = [[German language|German]], [[French language|French]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Romansh language|Romansh]]| capital = [[Bern]] (federal capital) |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| largest_city = [[Zurich]] | government_type = [[Federal republic]] | leader_titles = [[Swiss Federal Council|Federal Council]]| leader_names = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[Moritz Leuenberger]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Vice Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Pascal Couchepin]]<br>[[Joseph Deiss]]<br>[[Samuel Schmid]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Micheline Calmy-Rey]]<br>[[Christoph Blocher]]<br>[[Hans-Rudolf Merz]]| area = 41,285|area_rank=132nd|area_magnitude=1 E10|percent_water=4.2| population_estimate = 7,399,100|population_estimate_year=2003|population_estimate_rank=92nd | population_density = 181|population_density_rank=44th | population_census = 7,288,010|population_census_year=2000| GDP_PPP = $233 billion|GDP_PPP_year=2003|GDP_PPP_rank=35th| GDP_nominal = $309 billion|GDP_nominal_year=2003|GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,186|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=8th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $42,138|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=3rd| HDI_year=2004| HDI=0.947| HDI_rank=7th| HDI_category=<font color="#009900">high</font>| sovereignty_type =[[Lipandá]] | established_events =- Balobaki<br> - Endimamaki<br>Ekolo Fedelali | established_dates =[[Federal Charter of 1291|Federal Charter]]<br> [[August 1]], [[1291]]<br> [[October 24]], [[1648]]<br>[[1848]]| currency = [[Franc Swisi]]|currency_code=CHF| time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.ch]] |calling_code = 41| footnotes = | }} == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Historia ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Carte suisse2.png|thumb|310px|left|Swisi]] == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Politiki ya Swisi]]'' == Ba Kanton (Provinsi Fedelali) == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Ba Kanton ya Swisi]]'' == Jyografi == '''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Jyografi ya Swisi]]''' {{Europe}} [[als:Schweiz]] [[af:Switserland]] [[ar:سويسرا]] [[ast:Suiza]] [[bg:Швейцария]] [[be:Швайцарыя]] [[ca:Suïssa]] [[cs:Švýcarsko]] [[cy:Y Swistir]] [[da:Schweiz]] [[de:Schweiz]] [[et:Šveits]] [[el:Ελβετία]] [[es:Suiza]] [[eo:Svislando]] [[fo:Sveis]] [[fr:Suisse]] [[fy:Switserlân]] [[ga:An Eilvéis]] [[gd:An Eilbheis]] [[gl:Suíza - Schweiz]] [[ko:스위스]] [[hr:Švicarska]] [[hu:Svájc]] [[ia:Suissa]] [[io:Suisia]] [[id:Swiss]] [[is:Sviss]] [[it:Svizzera]] [[he:שוויץ]] [[la:Helvetia]] [[lb:Schwäiz]] [[lt:Šveicarija]] [[li:Zwitserland]] [[zh-min-nan:Sūi-se]] [[mk:Швајцарија]] [[ms:Switzerland]] [[nl:Zwitserland]] [[nds:Swiez]] [[ja:スイス]] [[nb:Sveits]] [[nn:Sveits]] [[pl:Szwajcaria]] [[pt:Suíça]] [[ro:Elveţia]] [[rm:Svizra]] [[ru:Швейцария]] [[scn:Svizzira]] [[simple:Switzerland]] [[sk:Švajčiarsko]] [[sl:Švica]] [[sr:Швајцарска]] [[fi:Sveitsi]] [[sv:Schweiz]] [[tl:Switzerland]] [[th:ประเทศสวิตเซอร์แลนด์]] [[vi:Thụy Sĩ]] [[tr:İsviçre]] [[uk:Швейцарія]] [[yi:שװײץ]] [[zh:瑞士]] 6650 2005-11-03T22:41:03Z 12.222.61.144 {{infobox_country| common_name = Swisi | native_name = Confoederatio Helvetica<br>Confédération suisse<br>Confederazione Svizzera<br>Confederaziun svizra<br>Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft<br>Switzerland| image_flag = Switzerland flag large.png | image_coat = Switzerland coat of arms.png | image_map = LocationSwitzerland.png | national_motto = (none)| national_anthem = [[Swiss Psalm]] | official_languages = [[German language|German]], [[French language|French]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Romansh language|Romansh]]| capital = [[Bern]] (federal capital) |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| largest_city = [[Zurich]] | government_type = [[Federal republic]] | leader_titles = [[Swiss Federal Council|Federal Council]]| leader_names = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[Moritz Leuenberger]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Vice Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Pascal Couchepin]]<br>[[Joseph Deiss]]<br>[[Samuel Schmid]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Micheline Calmy-Rey]]<br>[[Christoph Blocher]]<br>[[Hans-Rudolf Merz]]| area = 41,285|area_rank=132nd|area_magnitude=1 E10|percent_water=4.2| population_estimate = 7,399,100|population_estimate_year=2003|population_estimate_rank=92nd | population_density = 181|population_density_rank=44th | population_census = 7,288,010|population_census_year=2000| GDP_PPP = $233 billion|GDP_PPP_year=2003|GDP_PPP_rank=35th| GDP_nominal = $309 billion|GDP_nominal_year=2003|GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,186|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=8th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $42,138|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=3rd| HDI_year=2004| HDI=0.947| HDI_rank=7th| HDI_category=<font color="#009900">high</font>| sovereignty_type =[[Lipandá]] | established_events =- Balobaki<br> - Endimamaki<br>Ekolo Fedelali | established_dates =[[Federal Charter of 1291|Federal Charter]]<br> [[August 1]], [[1291]]<br> [[October 24]], [[1648]]<br>[[1848]]| currency = [[Franc Swisi]]|currency_code=CHF| time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.ch]] |calling_code = 41| footnotes = | }} == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Historia ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Carte suisse2.png|thumb|310px|left|Swisi]] == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Politiki ya Swisi]]'' == Ba Kanton (Provinsi Fedelali) == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Ba Kanton ya Swisi]]'' == Jyografi == '''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Jyografi ya Swisi]]''' {{Europe}} [[als:Schweiz]] [[af:Switserland]] [[ar:سويسرا]] [[ast:Suiza]] [[bg:Швейцария]] [[be:Швайцарыя]] [[ca:Suïssa]] [[cs:Švýcarsko]] [[cy:Y Swistir]] [[da:Schweiz]] [[de:Schweiz]] [[et:Šveits]] [[el:Ελβετία]] [[es:Suiza]] [[eo:Svislando]] [[fo:Sveis]] [[fr:Suisse]] [[fy:Switserlân]] [[ga:An Eilvéis]] [[gd:An Eilbheis]] [[gl:Suíza - Schweiz]] [[ko:스위스]] [[hr:Švicarska]] [[hu:Svájc]] [[ia:Suissa]] [[io:Suisia]] [[id:Swiss]] [[is:Sviss]] [[it:Svizzera]] [[he:שוויץ]] [[la:Helvetia]] [[lb:Schwäiz]] [[lt:Šveicarija]] [[li:Zwitserland]] [[zh-min-nan:Sūi-se]] [[mk:Швајцарија]] [[ms:Switzerland]] [[nl:Zwitserland]] [[nds:Swiez]] [[ja:スイス]] [[nb:Sveits]] [[nn:Sveits]] [[pl:Szwajcaria]] [[pt:Suíça]] [[ro:Elveţia]] [[rm:Svizra]] [[ru:Швейцария]] [[scn:Svizzira]] [[simple:Switzerland]] [[sk:Švajčiarsko]] [[sl:Švica]] [[sr:Швајцарска]] [[fi:Sveitsi]] [[sv:Schweiz]] [[tl:Switzerland]] [[th:ประเทศสวิตเซอร์แลนด์]] [[vi:Thụy Sĩ]] [[tr:İsviçre]] [[uk:Швейцарія]] [[yi:שװײץ]] [[zh:瑞士]] 6659 2005-11-04T00:38:09Z Moyogo 11 {{infobox_country| nkómbó = Swisi | nkómbó_na_lokóta = Confoederatio Helvetica<br>Confédération suisse<br>Confederazione Svizzera<br>Confederaziun svizra<br>Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft<br>Switzerland| image_flag = Switzerland_flag_300.png | image_coat = Switzerland coat of arms.png | image_map = LocationSwitzerland.png | mokáno = (none)| loyémbo = [[Swiss Psalm]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[German language|German]], [[French language|French]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Romansh language|Romansh]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo =| engúmba_mokonzi = [[Bern]] (engúmba mokonzi fedelali) |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Zurich]] | government_type = [[Ekólo Fedelali]] | leader_titles = [[Swiss Federal Council|Federal Council]]| leader_names = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[Moritz Leuenberger]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Vice Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Pascal Couchepin]]<br>[[Joseph Deiss]]<br>[[Samuel Schmid]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Micheline Calmy-Rey]]<br>[[Christoph Blocher]]<br>[[Hans-Rudolf Merz]]| area = 41,285|area_rank=132nd|area_magnitude=1 E10|percent_water=4.2| population_estimate = 7,399,100|population_estimate_year=2003|population_estimate_rank=92nd | population_density = 181|population_density_rank=44th | population_census = 7,288,010|population_census_year=2000| GDP_PPP = $233 billion| GDP_PPP_year=2003|BOKABO_PPP_rank=35th| GDP_nominal = $309 billion| GDP_nominal_year=2003| GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,186| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=8th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $42,138| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=3rd| HDI_year=2004| HDI=0.947| HDI_rank=7th| HDI_category=<font color="#009900">high</font>| sovereignty_type = [[Lipandá]] | established_events =- Balobaki<br> - Endimamaki<br>Ekólo Fedelali | established_dates =[[Federal Charter of 1291|Federal Charter]]<br> [[August 1]], [[1291]]<br> [[October 24]], [[1648]]<br>[[1848]]| mosɔlɔ = [[Franc Swisi]]|currency_code=CHF| ngonga = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | ngonga_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.ch]] |calling_code = 41| footnotes = | }} == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Historia ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Carte suisse2.png|thumb|310px|left|Swisi]] == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Politiki ya Swisi]]'' == Ba Kanton (Provinsi Fedelali) == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Ba Kanton ya Swisi]]'' == Jyografi == '''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Jyografi ya Swisi]]''' {{Europe}} [[als:Schweiz]] [[af:Switserland]] [[ar:سويسرا]] [[ast:Suiza]] [[bg:Швейцария]] [[be:Швайцарыя]] [[ca:Suïssa]] [[cs:Švýcarsko]] [[cy:Y Swistir]] [[da:Schweiz]] [[de:Schweiz]] [[et:Šveits]] [[el:Ελβετία]] [[es:Suiza]] [[eo:Svislando]] [[fo:Sveis]] [[fr:Suisse]] [[fy:Switserlân]] [[ga:An Eilvéis]] [[gd:An Eilbheis]] [[gl:Suíza - Schweiz]] [[ko:스위스]] [[hr:Švicarska]] [[hu:Svájc]] [[ia:Suissa]] [[io:Suisia]] [[id:Swiss]] [[is:Sviss]] [[it:Svizzera]] [[he:שוויץ]] [[la:Helvetia]] [[lb:Schwäiz]] [[lt:Šveicarija]] [[li:Zwitserland]] [[zh-min-nan:Sūi-se]] [[mk:Швајцарија]] [[ms:Switzerland]] [[nl:Zwitserland]] [[nds:Swiez]] [[ja:スイス]] [[nb:Sveits]] [[nn:Sveits]] [[pl:Szwajcaria]] [[pt:Suíça]] [[ro:Elveţia]] [[rm:Svizra]] [[ru:Швейцария]] [[scn:Svizzira]] [[simple:Switzerland]] [[sk:Švajčiarsko]] [[sl:Švica]] [[sr:Швајцарска]] [[fi:Sveitsi]] [[sv:Schweiz]] [[tl:Switzerland]] [[th:ประเทศสวิตเซอร์แลนด์]] [[vi:Thụy Sĩ]] [[tr:İsviçre]] [[uk:Швейцарія]] [[yi:שװײץ]] [[zh:瑞士]] 6661 2005-11-04T00:41:14Z Moyogo 11 /* Bakanton (Provinsi Fedelali) */ {{infobox_country| nkómbó = Swisi | nkómbó_na_lokóta = Confoederatio Helvetica<br>Confédération suisse<br>Confederazione Svizzera<br>Confederaziun svizra<br>Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft<br>Switzerland| image_flag = Switzerland_flag_300.png | image_coat = Switzerland coat of arms.png | image_map = LocationSwitzerland.png | mokáno = (none)| loyémbo = [[Swiss Psalm]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[German language|German]], [[French language|French]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Romansh language|Romansh]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo =| engúmba_mokonzi = [[Bern]] (engúmba mokonzi fedelali) |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Zurich]] | government_type = [[Ekólo Fedelali]] | leader_titles = [[Swiss Federal Council|Federal Council]]| leader_names = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[Moritz Leuenberger]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Vice Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Pascal Couchepin]]<br>[[Joseph Deiss]]<br>[[Samuel Schmid]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Micheline Calmy-Rey]]<br>[[Christoph Blocher]]<br>[[Hans-Rudolf Merz]]| area = 41,285|area_rank=132nd|area_magnitude=1 E10|percent_water=4.2| population_estimate = 7,399,100|population_estimate_year=2003|population_estimate_rank=92nd | population_density = 181|population_density_rank=44th | population_census = 7,288,010|population_census_year=2000| GDP_PPP = $233 billion| GDP_PPP_year=2003|BOKABO_PPP_rank=35th| GDP_nominal = $309 billion| GDP_nominal_year=2003| GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,186| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=8th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $42,138| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=3rd| HDI_year=2004| HDI=0.947| HDI_rank=7th| HDI_category=<font color="#009900">high</font>| sovereignty_type = [[Lipandá]] | established_events =- Balobaki<br> - Endimamaki<br>Ekólo Fedelali | established_dates =[[Federal Charter of 1291|Federal Charter]]<br> [[August 1]], [[1291]]<br> [[October 24]], [[1648]]<br>[[1848]]| mosɔlɔ = [[Franc Swisi]]|currency_code=CHF| ngonga = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | ngonga_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.ch]] |calling_code = 41| footnotes = | }} == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Historia ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Carte suisse2.png|thumb|310px|left|Swisi]] == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Politiki ya Swisi]]'' == Bakanton (Provinsi Fedelali) == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Bakanton ya Swisi]]'' == Jyografi == '''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Jyografi ya Swisi]]''' {{Europe}} [[als:Schweiz]] [[af:Switserland]] [[ar:سويسرا]] [[ast:Suiza]] [[bg:Швейцария]] [[be:Швайцарыя]] [[ca:Suïssa]] [[cs:Švýcarsko]] [[cy:Y Swistir]] [[da:Schweiz]] [[de:Schweiz]] [[et:Šveits]] [[el:Ελβετία]] [[es:Suiza]] [[eo:Svislando]] [[fo:Sveis]] [[fr:Suisse]] [[fy:Switserlân]] [[ga:An Eilvéis]] [[gd:An Eilbheis]] [[gl:Suíza - Schweiz]] [[ko:스위스]] [[hr:Švicarska]] [[hu:Svájc]] [[ia:Suissa]] [[io:Suisia]] [[id:Swiss]] [[is:Sviss]] [[it:Svizzera]] [[he:שוויץ]] [[la:Helvetia]] [[lb:Schwäiz]] [[lt:Šveicarija]] [[li:Zwitserland]] [[zh-min-nan:Sūi-se]] [[mk:Швајцарија]] [[ms:Switzerland]] [[nl:Zwitserland]] [[nds:Swiez]] [[ja:スイス]] [[nb:Sveits]] [[nn:Sveits]] [[pl:Szwajcaria]] [[pt:Suíça]] [[ro:Elveţia]] [[rm:Svizra]] [[ru:Швейцария]] [[scn:Svizzira]] [[simple:Switzerland]] [[sk:Švajčiarsko]] [[sl:Švica]] [[sr:Швајцарска]] [[fi:Sveitsi]] [[sv:Schweiz]] [[tl:Switzerland]] [[th:ประเทศสวิตเซอร์แลนด์]] [[vi:Thụy Sĩ]] [[tr:İsviçre]] [[uk:Швейцарія]] [[yi:שװײץ]] [[zh:瑞士]] 6899 2005-11-15T14:35:41Z 84.162.187.136 [[:w:als:Benutzer:Chnodomar|Chnodomar]] Ajoute: an, bs, en, ht, ka, kw, nap, sq, ur Modifie: tl {{infobox_country| nkómbó = Swisi | nkómbó_na_lokóta = Confoederatio Helvetica<br>Confédération suisse<br>Confederazione Svizzera<br>Confederaziun svizra<br>Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft<br>Switzerland| image_flag = Switzerland_flag_300.png | image_coat = Switzerland coat of arms.png | image_map = LocationSwitzerland.png | mokáno = (none)| loyémbo = [[Swiss Psalm]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[German language|German]], [[French language|French]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Romansh language|Romansh]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo =| engúmba_mokonzi = [[Bern]] (engúmba mokonzi fedelali) |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Zurich]] | government_type = [[Ekólo Fedelali]] | leader_titles = [[Swiss Federal Council|Federal Council]]| leader_names = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[Moritz Leuenberger]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Vice Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Pascal Couchepin]]<br>[[Joseph Deiss]]<br>[[Samuel Schmid]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Micheline Calmy-Rey]]<br>[[Christoph Blocher]]<br>[[Hans-Rudolf Merz]]| area = 41,285|area_rank=132nd|area_magnitude=1 E10|percent_water=4.2| population_estimate = 7,399,100|population_estimate_year=2003|population_estimate_rank=92nd | population_density = 181|population_density_rank=44th | population_census = 7,288,010|population_census_year=2000| GDP_PPP = $233 billion| GDP_PPP_year=2003|BOKABO_PPP_rank=35th| GDP_nominal = $309 billion| GDP_nominal_year=2003| GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,186| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=8th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $42,138| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=3rd| HDI_year=2004| HDI=0.947| HDI_rank=7th| HDI_category=<font color="#009900">high</font>| sovereignty_type = [[Lipandá]] | established_events =- Balobaki<br> - Endimamaki<br>Ekólo Fedelali | established_dates =[[Federal Charter of 1291|Federal Charter]]<br> [[August 1]], [[1291]]<br> [[October 24]], [[1648]]<br>[[1848]]| mosɔlɔ = [[Franc Swisi]]|currency_code=CHF| ngonga = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | ngonga_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.ch]] |calling_code = 41| footnotes = | }} == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Historia ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Carte suisse2.png|thumb|310px|left|Swisi]] == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Politiki ya Swisi]]'' == Bakanton (Provinsi Fedelali) == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Bakanton ya Swisi]]'' == Jyografi == '''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Jyografi ya Swisi]]''' {{Europe}} [[af:Switserland]] [[als:Schweiz]] [[an:Suiza]] [[ar:سويسرا]] [[ast:Suiza]] [[be:Швайцарыя]] [[bg:Швейцария]] [[bs:Švicarska]] [[ca:Suïssa]] [[cs:Švýcarsko]] [[cy:Y Swistir]] [[da:Schweiz]] [[de:Schweiz]] [[el:Ελβετία]] [[en:Switzerland]] [[eo:Svislando]] [[es:Suiza]] [[et:Šveits]] [[fi:Sveitsi]] [[fo:Sveis]] [[fr:Suisse]] [[fy:Switserlân]] [[ga:An Eilvéis]] [[gd:An Eilbheis]] [[gl:Suíza - Schweiz]] [[he:שוויץ]] [[hr:Švicarska]] [[ht:Swis]] [[hu:Svájc]] [[ia:Suissa]] [[id:Swiss]] [[io:Suisia]] [[is:Sviss]] [[it:Svizzera]] [[ja:スイス]] [[ka:შვეიცარია]] [[ko:스위스]] [[kw:Swistir]] [[la:Helvetia]] [[lb:Schwäiz]] [[li:Zwitserland]] [[lt:Šveicarija]] [[mk:Швајцарија]] [[ms:Switzerland]] [[nap:Sguizzera]] [[nds:Swiez]] [[nl:Zwitserland]] [[nn:Sveits]] [[no:Sveits]] [[pl:Szwajcaria]] [[pt:Suíça]] [[rm:Svizra]] [[ro:Elveţia]] [[ru:Швейцария]] [[scn:Svizzira]] [[simple:Switzerland]] [[sk:Švajčiarsko]] [[sl:Švica]] [[sq:Zvicra]] [[sr:Швајцарска]] [[sv:Schweiz]] [[th:ประเทศสวิตเซอร์แลนด์]] [[tl:Switserland]] [[tr:İsviçre]] [[uk:Швейцарія]] [[ur:سوئٹزرلینڈ]] [[vi:Thụy Sĩ]] [[yi:שװײץ]] [[zh:瑞士]] [[zh-min-nan:Sūi-se]] 6901 2005-11-16T10:33:23Z Bombo 12 lokótá {{infobox_country| nkómbó = Swisi | nkómbó_na_lokóta = Confoederatio Helvetica<br>Confédération suisse<br>Confederazione Svizzera<br>Confederaziun svizra<br>Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft<br>Switzerland| image_flag = Switzerland_flag_300.png | image_coat = Switzerland coat of arms.png | image_map = LocationSwitzerland.png | mokáno = (none)| loyémbo = [[Swiss Psalm]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Lialemani]], [[Lifalansé]], [[Litaliano]], Rumanch Grischun (fr: Romanche)| nkótá_ya_ekólo =| engúmba_mokonzi = [[Bern]] (engúmba mokonzi fedelali) |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Zurich]] | government_type = [[Ekólo Fedelali]] | leader_titles = [[Swiss Federal Council|Federal Council]]| leader_names = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[Moritz Leuenberger]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Vice Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Pascal Couchepin]]<br>[[Joseph Deiss]]<br>[[Samuel Schmid]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Micheline Calmy-Rey]]<br>[[Christoph Blocher]]<br>[[Hans-Rudolf Merz]]| area = 41,285|area_rank=132nd|area_magnitude=1 E10|percent_water=4.2| population_estimate = 7,399,100|population_estimate_year=2003|population_estimate_rank=92nd | population_density = 181|population_density_rank=44th | population_census = 7,288,010|population_census_year=2000| GDP_PPP = $233 billion| GDP_PPP_year=2003|BOKABO_PPP_rank=35th| GDP_nominal = $309 billion| GDP_nominal_year=2003| GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,186| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=8th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $42,138| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=3rd| HDI_year=2004| HDI=0.947| HDI_rank=7th| HDI_category=<font color="#009900">high</font>| sovereignty_type = [[Lipandá]] | established_events =- Balobaki<br> - Endimamaki<br>Ekólo Fedelali | established_dates =[[Federal Charter of 1291|Federal Charter]]<br> [[August 1]], [[1291]]<br> [[October 24]], [[1648]]<br>[[1848]]| mosɔlɔ = [[Franc Swisi]]|currency_code=CHF| ngonga = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | ngonga_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.ch]] |calling_code = 41| footnotes = | }} == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Historia ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Carte suisse2.png|thumb|310px|left|Swisi]] == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Politiki ya Swisi]]'' == Bakanton (Provinsi Fedelali) == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Bakanton ya Swisi]]'' == Jyografi == '''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Jyografi ya Swisi]]''' {{Europe}} [[af:Switserland]] [[als:Schweiz]] [[an:Suiza]] [[ar:سويسرا]] [[ast:Suiza]] [[be:Швайцарыя]] [[bg:Швейцария]] [[bs:Švicarska]] [[ca:Suïssa]] [[cs:Švýcarsko]] [[cy:Y Swistir]] [[da:Schweiz]] [[de:Schweiz]] [[el:Ελβετία]] [[en:Switzerland]] [[eo:Svislando]] [[es:Suiza]] [[et:Šveits]] [[fi:Sveitsi]] [[fo:Sveis]] [[fr:Suisse]] [[fy:Switserlân]] [[ga:An Eilvéis]] [[gd:An Eilbheis]] [[gl:Suíza - Schweiz]] [[he:שוויץ]] [[hr:Švicarska]] [[ht:Swis]] [[hu:Svájc]] [[ia:Suissa]] [[id:Swiss]] [[io:Suisia]] [[is:Sviss]] [[it:Svizzera]] [[ja:スイス]] [[ka:შვეიცარია]] [[ko:스위스]] [[kw:Swistir]] [[la:Helvetia]] [[lb:Schwäiz]] [[li:Zwitserland]] [[lt:Šveicarija]] [[mk:Швајцарија]] [[ms:Switzerland]] [[nap:Sguizzera]] [[nds:Swiez]] [[nl:Zwitserland]] [[nn:Sveits]] [[no:Sveits]] [[pl:Szwajcaria]] [[pt:Suíça]] [[rm:Svizra]] [[ro:Elveţia]] [[ru:Швейцария]] [[scn:Svizzira]] [[simple:Switzerland]] [[sk:Švajčiarsko]] [[sl:Švica]] [[sq:Zvicra]] [[sr:Швајцарска]] [[sv:Schweiz]] [[th:ประเทศสวิตเซอร์แลนด์]] [[tl:Switserland]] [[tr:İsviçre]] [[uk:Швейцарія]] [[ur:سوئٹزرلینڈ]] [[vi:Thụy Sĩ]] [[yi:שװײץ]] [[zh:瑞士]] [[zh-min-nan:Sūi-se]] 6902 2005-11-16T10:38:50Z Bombo 12 Monkandá ya mibéko {{infobox_country| nkómbó = Swisi | nkómbó_na_lokóta = Confoederatio Helvetica<br>Confédération suisse<br>Confederazione Svizzera<br>Confederaziun svizra<br>Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft<br>Switzerland| image_flag = Switzerland_flag_300.png | image_coat = Switzerland coat of arms.png | image_map = LocationSwitzerland.png | mokáno = (none)| loyémbo = [[Swiss Psalm]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Lialemani]], [[Lifalansé]], [[Litaliano]], Rumanch Grischun (fr: Romanche)| nkótá_ya_ekólo =| engúmba_mokonzi = [[Bern]] (engúmba mokonzi fedelali) |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Zurich]] | government_type = [[Ekólo Fedelali]] | leader_titles = [[Swiss Federal Council|Federal Council]]| leader_names = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[Moritz Leuenberger]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Vice Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Pascal Couchepin]]<br>[[Joseph Deiss]]<br>[[Samuel Schmid]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Micheline Calmy-Rey]]<br>[[Christoph Blocher]]<br>[[Hans-Rudolf Merz]]| area = 41,285|area_rank=132nd|area_magnitude=1 E10|percent_water=4.2| population_estimate = 7,399,100|population_estimate_year=2003|population_estimate_rank=92nd | population_density = 181|population_density_rank=44th | population_census = 7,288,010|population_census_year=2000| GDP_PPP = $233 billion| GDP_PPP_year=2003|BOKABO_PPP_rank=35th| GDP_nominal = $309 billion| GDP_nominal_year=2003| GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,186| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=8th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $42,138| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=3rd| HDI_year=2004| HDI=0.947| HDI_rank=7th| HDI_category=<font color="#009900">high</font>| sovereignty_type = [[Lipandá]] | established_events =- Balobaki<br> - Endimamaki<br>Ekólo Fedelali | established_dates =[[Monkandá ya mibéko Fedelali ya 1291]]<br> [[1 ogusti]], [[1291]]<br> [[24 oktobele]], [[1648]]<br>[[1848]]| mosɔlɔ = [[Franc Swisi]]|currency_code=CHF| ngonga = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | ngonga_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.ch]] |calling_code = 41| footnotes = | }} == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Historia ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Carte suisse2.png|thumb|310px|left|Swisi]] == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Politiki ya Swisi]]'' == Bakanton (Provinsi Fedelali) == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Bakanton ya Swisi]]'' == Jyografi == '''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Jyografi ya Swisi]]''' {{Europe}} [[af:Switserland]] [[als:Schweiz]] [[an:Suiza]] [[ar:سويسرا]] [[ast:Suiza]] [[be:Швайцарыя]] [[bg:Швейцария]] [[bs:Švicarska]] [[ca:Suïssa]] [[cs:Švýcarsko]] [[cy:Y Swistir]] [[da:Schweiz]] [[de:Schweiz]] [[el:Ελβετία]] [[en:Switzerland]] [[eo:Svislando]] [[es:Suiza]] [[et:Šveits]] [[fi:Sveitsi]] [[fo:Sveis]] [[fr:Suisse]] [[fy:Switserlân]] [[ga:An Eilvéis]] [[gd:An Eilbheis]] [[gl:Suíza - Schweiz]] [[he:שוויץ]] [[hr:Švicarska]] [[ht:Swis]] [[hu:Svájc]] [[ia:Suissa]] [[id:Swiss]] [[io:Suisia]] [[is:Sviss]] [[it:Svizzera]] [[ja:スイス]] [[ka:შვეიცარია]] [[ko:스위스]] [[kw:Swistir]] [[la:Helvetia]] [[lb:Schwäiz]] [[li:Zwitserland]] [[lt:Šveicarija]] [[mk:Швајцарија]] [[ms:Switzerland]] [[nap:Sguizzera]] [[nds:Swiez]] [[nl:Zwitserland]] [[nn:Sveits]] [[no:Sveits]] [[pl:Szwajcaria]] [[pt:Suíça]] [[rm:Svizra]] [[ro:Elveţia]] [[ru:Швейцария]] [[scn:Svizzira]] [[simple:Switzerland]] [[sk:Švajčiarsko]] [[sl:Švica]] [[sq:Zvicra]] [[sr:Швајцарска]] [[sv:Schweiz]] [[th:ประเทศสวิตเซอร์แลนด์]] [[tl:Switserland]] [[tr:İsviçre]] [[uk:Швейцарія]] [[ur:سوئٹزرلینڈ]] [[vi:Thụy Sĩ]] [[yi:שװײץ]] [[zh:瑞士]] [[zh-min-nan:Sūi-se]] 7024 2005-11-24T12:09:55Z 160.85.2.50 Category {{infobox_country| nkómbó = Swisi | nkómbó_na_lokóta = Confoederatio Helvetica<br>Confédération suisse<br>Confederazione Svizzera<br>Confederaziun svizra<br>Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft<br>Switzerland| image_flag = Switzerland_flag_300.png | image_coat = Switzerland coat of arms.png | image_map = LocationSwitzerland.png | mokáno = (none)| loyémbo = [[Swiss Psalm]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Lialemani]], [[Lifalansé]], [[Litaliano]], Rumanch Grischun (fr: Romanche)| nkótá_ya_ekólo =| engúmba_mokonzi = [[Bern]] (engúmba mokonzi fedelali) |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Zurich]] | government_type = [[Ekólo Fedelali]] | leader_titles = [[Swiss Federal Council|Federal Council]]| leader_names = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[Moritz Leuenberger]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Vice Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Pascal Couchepin]]<br>[[Joseph Deiss]]<br>[[Samuel Schmid]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Micheline Calmy-Rey]]<br>[[Christoph Blocher]]<br>[[Hans-Rudolf Merz]]| area = 41,285|area_rank=132nd|area_magnitude=1 E10|percent_water=4.2| population_estimate = 7,399,100|population_estimate_year=2003|population_estimate_rank=92nd | population_density = 181|population_density_rank=44th | population_census = 7,288,010|population_census_year=2000| GDP_PPP = $233 billion| GDP_PPP_year=2003|BOKABO_PPP_rank=35th| GDP_nominal = $309 billion| GDP_nominal_year=2003| GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,186| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=8th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $42,138| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=3rd| HDI_year=2004| HDI=0.947| HDI_rank=7th| HDI_category=<font color="#009900">high</font>| sovereignty_type = [[Lipandá]] | established_events =- Balobaki<br> - Endimamaki<br>Ekólo Fedelali | established_dates =[[Monkandá ya mibéko Fedelali ya 1291]]<br> [[1 ogusti]], [[1291]]<br> [[24 oktobele]], [[1648]]<br>[[1848]]| mosɔlɔ = [[Franc Swisi]]|currency_code=CHF| ngonga = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | ngonga_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.ch]] |calling_code = 41| footnotes = | }} == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Historia ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Carte suisse2.png|thumb|310px|left|Swisi]] == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Politiki ya Swisi]]'' == Bakanton (Provinsi Fedelali) == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Bakanton ya Swisi]]'' == Jyografi == '''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Jyografi ya Swisi]]''' {{Europe}} [[af:Switserland]] [[als:Schweiz]] [[an:Suiza]] [[ar:سويسرا]] [[ast:Suiza]] [[be:Швайцарыя]] [[bg:Швейцария]] [[bs:Švicarska]] [[ca:Suïssa]] [[cs:Švýcarsko]] [[cy:Y Swistir]] [[da:Schweiz]] [[de:Schweiz]] [[el:Ελβετία]] [[en:Switzerland]] [[eo:Svislando]] [[es:Suiza]] [[et:Šveits]] [[fi:Sveitsi]] [[fo:Sveis]] [[fr:Suisse]] [[fy:Switserlân]] [[ga:An Eilvéis]] [[gd:An Eilbheis]] [[gl:Suíza - Schweiz]] [[he:שוויץ]] [[hr:Švicarska]] [[ht:Swis]] [[hu:Svájc]] [[ia:Suissa]] [[id:Swiss]] [[io:Suisia]] [[is:Sviss]] [[it:Svizzera]] [[ja:スイス]] [[ka:შვეიცარია]] [[ko:스위스]] [[kw:Swistir]] [[la:Helvetia]] [[lb:Schwäiz]] [[li:Zwitserland]] [[lt:Šveicarija]] [[mk:Швајцарија]] [[ms:Switzerland]] [[nap:Sguizzera]] [[nds:Swiez]] [[nl:Zwitserland]] [[nn:Sveits]] [[no:Sveits]] [[pl:Szwajcaria]] [[pt:Suíça]] [[rm:Svizra]] [[ro:Elveţia]] [[ru:Швейцария]] [[scn:Svizzira]] [[simple:Switzerland]] [[sk:Švajčiarsko]] [[sl:Švica]] [[sq:Zvicra]] [[sr:Швајцарска]] [[sv:Schweiz]] [[th:ประเทศสวิตเซอร์แลนด์]] [[tl:Switserland]] [[tr:İsviçre]] [[uk:Швейцарія]] [[ur:سوئٹزرلینڈ]] [[vi:Thụy Sĩ]] [[yi:שװײץ]] [[zh:瑞士]] [[zh-min-nan:Sūi-se]] [[Category:Swisi]] 7142 2005-12-03T22:32:47Z Moyogo 11 lialémani {{infobox_country| nkómbó = Swisi | nkómbó_na_lokóta = Confoederatio Helvetica<br>Confédération suisse<br>Confederazione Svizzera<br>Confederaziun svizra<br>Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft<br>Switzerland| image_flag = Switzerland_flag_300.png | image_coat = Switzerland coat of arms.png | image_map = LocationSwitzerland.png | mokáno = (none)| loyémbo = [[Swiss Psalm]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Lialémani]], [[Lifalansé]], [[Litaliano]], Rumanch Grischun (fr: Romanche)| nkótá_ya_ekólo =| engúmba_mokonzi = [[Bern]] (engúmba mokonzi fedelali) |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Zurich]] | government_type = [[Ekólo Fedelali]] | leader_titles = [[Swiss Federal Council|Federal Council]]| leader_names = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[Moritz Leuenberger]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Vice Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Pascal Couchepin]]<br>[[Joseph Deiss]]<br>[[Samuel Schmid]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Micheline Calmy-Rey]]<br>[[Christoph Blocher]]<br>[[Hans-Rudolf Merz]]| area = 41,285|area_rank=132nd|area_magnitude=1 E10|percent_water=4.2| population_estimate = 7,399,100|population_estimate_year=2003|population_estimate_rank=92nd | population_density = 181|population_density_rank=44th | population_census = 7,288,010|population_census_year=2000| GDP_PPP = $233 billion| GDP_PPP_year=2003|BOKABO_PPP_rank=35th| GDP_nominal = $309 billion| GDP_nominal_year=2003| GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,186| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=8th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $42,138| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=3rd| HDI_year=2004| HDI=0.947| HDI_rank=7th| HDI_category=<font color="#009900">high</font>| sovereignty_type = [[Lipandá]] | established_events =- Balobaki<br> - Endimamaki<br>Ekólo Fedelali | established_dates =[[Monkandá ya mibéko Fedelali ya 1291]]<br> [[1 ogusti]], [[1291]]<br> [[24 oktobele]], [[1648]]<br>[[1848]]| mosɔlɔ = [[Franc Swisi]]|currency_code=CHF| ngonga = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | ngonga_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.ch]] |calling_code = 41| footnotes = | }} == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Historia ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Carte suisse2.png|thumb|310px|left|Swisi]] == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Politiki ya Swisi]]'' == Bakanton (Provinsi Fedelali) == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Bakanton ya Swisi]]'' == Jyografi == '''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Jyografi ya Swisi]]''' {{Europe}} [[af:Switserland]] [[als:Schweiz]] [[an:Suiza]] [[ar:سويسرا]] [[ast:Suiza]] [[be:Швайцарыя]] [[bg:Швейцария]] [[bs:Švicarska]] [[ca:Suïssa]] [[cs:Švýcarsko]] [[cy:Y Swistir]] [[da:Schweiz]] [[de:Schweiz]] [[el:Ελβετία]] [[en:Switzerland]] [[eo:Svislando]] [[es:Suiza]] [[et:Šveits]] [[fi:Sveitsi]] [[fo:Sveis]] [[fr:Suisse]] [[fy:Switserlân]] [[ga:An Eilvéis]] [[gd:An Eilbheis]] [[gl:Suíza - Schweiz]] [[he:שוויץ]] [[hr:Švicarska]] [[ht:Swis]] [[hu:Svájc]] [[ia:Suissa]] [[id:Swiss]] [[io:Suisia]] [[is:Sviss]] [[it:Svizzera]] [[ja:スイス]] [[ka:შვეიცარია]] [[ko:스위스]] [[kw:Swistir]] [[la:Helvetia]] [[lb:Schwäiz]] [[li:Zwitserland]] [[lt:Šveicarija]] [[mk:Швајцарија]] [[ms:Switzerland]] [[nap:Sguizzera]] [[nds:Swiez]] [[nl:Zwitserland]] [[nn:Sveits]] [[no:Sveits]] [[pl:Szwajcaria]] [[pt:Suíça]] [[rm:Svizra]] [[ro:Elveţia]] [[ru:Швейцария]] [[scn:Svizzira]] [[simple:Switzerland]] [[sk:Švajčiarsko]] [[sl:Švica]] [[sq:Zvicra]] [[sr:Швајцарска]] [[sv:Schweiz]] [[th:ประเทศสวิตเซอร์แลนด์]] [[tl:Switserland]] [[tr:İsviçre]] [[uk:Швейцарія]] [[ur:سوئٹزرلینڈ]] [[vi:Thụy Sĩ]] [[yi:שװײץ]] [[zh:瑞士]] [[zh-min-nan:Sūi-se]] [[Category:Swisi]] 7148 2005-12-03T22:51:45Z Moyogo 11 Bisé ya Eropa {{infobox_country| nkómbó = Swisi | nkómbó_na_lokóta = Confoederatio Helvetica<br>Confédération suisse<br>Confederazione Svizzera<br>Confederaziun svizra<br>Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft<br>Switzerland| image_flag = Switzerland_flag_300.png | image_coat = Switzerland coat of arms.png | image_map = LocationSwitzerland.png | mokáno = (none)| loyémbo = [[Swiss Psalm]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Lialémani]], [[Lifalansé]], [[Litaliano]], Rumanch Grischun (fr: Romanche)| nkótá_ya_ekólo =| engúmba_mokonzi = [[Bern]] (engúmba mokonzi fedelali) |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Zurich]] | government_type = [[Ekólo Fedelali]] | leader_titles = [[Swiss Federal Council|Federal Council]]| leader_names = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[Moritz Leuenberger]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Vice Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Pascal Couchepin]]<br>[[Joseph Deiss]]<br>[[Samuel Schmid]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Micheline Calmy-Rey]]<br>[[Christoph Blocher]]<br>[[Hans-Rudolf Merz]]| area = 41,285|area_rank=132nd|area_magnitude=1 E10|percent_water=4.2| population_estimate = 7,399,100|population_estimate_year=2003|population_estimate_rank=92nd | population_density = 181|population_density_rank=44th | population_census = 7,288,010|population_census_year=2000| GDP_PPP = $233 billion| GDP_PPP_year=2003|BOKABO_PPP_rank=35th| GDP_nominal = $309 billion| GDP_nominal_year=2003| GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,186| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=8th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $42,138| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=3rd| HDI_year=2004| HDI=0.947| HDI_rank=7th| HDI_category=<font color="#009900">high</font>| sovereignty_type = [[Lipandá]] | established_events =- Balobaki<br> - Endimamaki<br>Ekólo Fedelali | established_dates =[[Monkandá ya mibéko Fedelali ya 1291]]<br> [[1 ogusti]], [[1291]]<br> [[24 oktobele]], [[1648]]<br>[[1848]]| mosɔlɔ = [[Franc Swisi]]|currency_code=CHF| ngonga = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | ngonga_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.ch]] |calling_code = 41| footnotes = | }} == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Historia ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Carte suisse2.png|thumb|310px|left|Swisi]] == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Politiki ya Swisi]]'' == Bakanton (Provinsi Fedelali) == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Bakanton ya Swisi]]'' == Jyografi == '''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Jyografi ya Swisi]]''' {{Bisé ya Eropa}} [[af:Switserland]] [[als:Schweiz]] [[an:Suiza]] [[ar:سويسرا]] [[ast:Suiza]] [[be:Швайцарыя]] [[bg:Швейцария]] [[bs:Švicarska]] [[ca:Suïssa]] [[cs:Švýcarsko]] [[cy:Y Swistir]] [[da:Schweiz]] [[de:Schweiz]] [[el:Ελβετία]] [[en:Switzerland]] [[eo:Svislando]] [[es:Suiza]] [[et:Šveits]] [[fi:Sveitsi]] [[fo:Sveis]] [[fr:Suisse]] [[fy:Switserlân]] [[ga:An Eilvéis]] [[gd:An Eilbheis]] [[gl:Suíza - Schweiz]] [[he:שוויץ]] [[hr:Švicarska]] [[ht:Swis]] [[hu:Svájc]] [[ia:Suissa]] [[id:Swiss]] [[io:Suisia]] [[is:Sviss]] [[it:Svizzera]] [[ja:スイス]] [[ka:შვეიცარია]] [[ko:스위스]] [[kw:Swistir]] [[la:Helvetia]] [[lb:Schwäiz]] [[li:Zwitserland]] [[lt:Šveicarija]] [[mk:Швајцарија]] [[ms:Switzerland]] [[nap:Sguizzera]] [[nds:Swiez]] [[nl:Zwitserland]] [[nn:Sveits]] [[no:Sveits]] [[pl:Szwajcaria]] [[pt:Suíça]] [[rm:Svizra]] [[ro:Elveţia]] [[ru:Швейцария]] [[scn:Svizzira]] [[simple:Switzerland]] [[sk:Švajčiarsko]] [[sl:Švica]] [[sq:Zvicra]] [[sr:Швајцарска]] [[sv:Schweiz]] [[th:ประเทศสวิตเซอร์แลนด์]] [[tl:Switserland]] [[tr:İsviçre]] [[uk:Швейцарія]] [[ur:سوئٹزرلینڈ]] [[vi:Thụy Sĩ]] [[yi:שװײץ]] [[zh:瑞士]] [[zh-min-nan:Sūi-se]] [[Category:Swisi]] 7587 2006-01-10T02:08:24Z Moyogo 11 {{infobox_country| nkómbó = Swisi | nkómbó_na_lokóta = Confoederatio Helvetica<br>Confédération suisse<br>Confederazione Svizzera<br>Confederaziun svizra<br>Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft<br>Switzerland| image_flag = Switzerland_flag_300.png | image_coat = Coat of Arms of Switzerland.svg | image_map = LocationSwitzerland.png | mokáno = (none)| loyémbo = [[Swiss Psalm]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Lialémani]], [[Lifalansé]], [[Litaliano]], Rumanch Grischun (fr: Romanche)| nkótá_ya_ekólo =| engúmba_mokonzi = [[Bern]] (engúmba mokonzi fedelali) |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Zurich]] | government_type = [[Ekólo Fedelali]] | leader_titles = [[Swiss Federal Council|Federal Council]]| leader_names = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[Moritz Leuenberger]] <br/><small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Vice Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Pascal Couchepin]]<br>[[Joseph Deiss]]<br>[[Samuel Schmid]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Micheline Calmy-Rey]]<br>[[Christoph Blocher]]<br>[[Hans-Rudolf Merz]]| area = 41,285|area_rank=132nd|area_magnitude=1 E10|percent_water=4.2| population_estimate = 7,399,100|population_estimate_year=2003|population_estimate_rank=92nd | population_density = 181|population_density_rank=44th | population_census = 7,288,010|population_census_year=2000| GDP_PPP = $233 billion| GDP_PPP_year=2003|BOKABO_PPP_rank=35th| GDP_nominal = $309 billion| GDP_nominal_year=2003| GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,186| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=8th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $42,138| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=3rd| HDI_year=2004| HDI=0.947| HDI_rank=7th| HDI_category=<font color="#009900">high</font>| sovereignty_type = [[Lipandá]] | established_events =- Balobaki<br> - Endimamaki<br>Ekólo Fedelali | established_dates =[[Monkandá ya mibéko Fedelali ya 1291]]<br> [[1 ogusti]], [[1291]]<br> [[24 oktobele]], [[1648]]<br>[[1848]]| mosɔlɔ = [[Franc Swisi]]|currency_code=CHF| ngonga = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | ngonga_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.ch]] |calling_code = 41| footnotes = | }} == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Historia ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Carte suisse2.png|thumb|310px|left|Swisi]] == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Politiki ya Swisi]]'' == Bakanton (Provinsi Fedelali) == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Bakanton ya Swisi]]'' == Jyografi == '''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Jyografi ya Swisi]]''' {{Bisé ya Eropa}} [[af:Switserland]] [[als:Schweiz]] [[an:Suiza]] [[ar:سويسرا]] [[ast:Suiza]] [[be:Швайцарыя]] [[bg:Швейцария]] [[bs:Švicarska]] [[ca:Suïssa]] [[cs:Švýcarsko]] [[cy:Y Swistir]] [[da:Schweiz]] [[de:Schweiz]] [[el:Ελβετία]] [[en:Switzerland]] [[eo:Svislando]] [[es:Suiza]] [[et:Šveits]] [[fi:Sveitsi]] [[fo:Sveis]] [[fr:Suisse]] [[fy:Switserlân]] [[ga:An Eilvéis]] [[gd:An Eilbheis]] [[gl:Suíza - Schweiz]] [[he:שוויץ]] [[hr:Švicarska]] [[ht:Swis]] [[hu:Svájc]] [[ia:Suissa]] [[id:Swiss]] [[io:Suisia]] [[is:Sviss]] [[it:Svizzera]] [[ja:スイス]] [[ka:შვეიცარია]] [[ko:스위스]] [[kw:Swistir]] [[la:Helvetia]] [[lb:Schwäiz]] [[li:Zwitserland]] [[lt:Šveicarija]] [[mk:Швајцарија]] [[ms:Switzerland]] [[nap:Sguizzera]] [[nds:Swiez]] [[nl:Zwitserland]] [[nn:Sveits]] [[no:Sveits]] [[pl:Szwajcaria]] [[pt:Suíça]] [[rm:Svizra]] [[ro:Elveţia]] [[ru:Швейцария]] [[scn:Svizzira]] [[simple:Switzerland]] [[sk:Švajčiarsko]] [[sl:Švica]] [[sq:Zvicra]] [[sr:Швајцарска]] [[sv:Schweiz]] [[th:ประเทศสวิตเซอร์แลนด์]] [[tl:Switserland]] [[tr:İsviçre]] [[uk:Швейцарія]] [[ur:سوئٹزرلینڈ]] [[vi:Thụy Sĩ]] [[yi:שװײץ]] [[zh:瑞士]] [[zh-min-nan:Sūi-se]] [[Category:Swisi]] 7588 2006-01-10T02:09:22Z Moyogo 11 {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Swisi | nkómbó_na_lokóta = Confoederatio Helvetica<br>Confédération suisse<br>Confederazione Svizzera<br>Confederaziun svizra<br>Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft<br>Switzerland| image_flag = Switzerland_flag_300.png | image_coat = Coat of Arms of Switzerland.svg | image_map = LocationSwitzerland.png | mokáno = (none)| loyémbo = [[Swiss Psalm]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Lialémani]], [[Lifalansé]], [[Litaliano]], Rumanch Grischun (fr: Romanche)| nkótá_ya_ekólo =| engúmba_mokonzi = [[Bern]] (engúmba mokonzi fedelali) |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Zurich]] | government_type = [[Ekólo Fedelali]] | leader_titles = [[Swiss Federal Council|Federal Council]]| leader_names = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[Moritz Leuenberger]] <br/><small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Vice Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Pascal Couchepin]]<br>[[Joseph Deiss]]<br>[[Samuel Schmid]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Micheline Calmy-Rey]]<br>[[Christoph Blocher]]<br>[[Hans-Rudolf Merz]]| area = 41,285|area_rank=132nd|area_magnitude=1 E10|percent_water=4.2| population_estimate = 7,399,100|population_estimate_year=2003|population_estimate_rank=92nd | population_density = 181|population_density_rank=44th | population_census = 7,288,010|population_census_year=2000| GDP_PPP = $233 billion| GDP_PPP_year=2003|BOKABO_PPP_rank=35th| GDP_nominal = $309 billion| GDP_nominal_year=2003| GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,186| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=8th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $42,138| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=3rd| HDI_year=2004| HDI=0.947| HDI_rank=7th| HDI_category=<font color="#009900">high</font>| sovereignty_type = [[Lipandá]] | established_events =- Balobaki<br> - Endimamaki<br>Ekólo Fedelali | established_dates =[[Monkandá ya mibéko Fedelali ya 1291]]<br> [[1 ogusti]], [[1291]]<br> [[24 oktobele]], [[1648]]<br>[[1848]]| mosɔlɔ = [[Franc Swisi]]|currency_code=CHF| ngonga = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | ngonga_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.ch]] |calling_code = 41| footnotes = | }} == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Historia ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Carte suisse2.png|thumb|310px|left|Swisi]] == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Politiki ya Swisi]]'' == Bakanton (Provinsi Fedelali) == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Bakanton ya Swisi]]'' == Jyografi == '''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Jyografi ya Swisi]]''' {{Bisé ya Eropa}} [[af:Switserland]] [[als:Schweiz]] [[an:Suiza]] [[ar:سويسرا]] [[ast:Suiza]] [[be:Швайцарыя]] [[bg:Швейцария]] [[bs:Švicarska]] [[ca:Suïssa]] [[cs:Švýcarsko]] [[cy:Y Swistir]] [[da:Schweiz]] [[de:Schweiz]] [[el:Ελβετία]] [[en:Switzerland]] [[eo:Svislando]] [[es:Suiza]] [[et:Šveits]] [[fi:Sveitsi]] [[fo:Sveis]] [[fr:Suisse]] [[fy:Switserlân]] [[ga:An Eilvéis]] [[gd:An Eilbheis]] [[gl:Suíza - Schweiz]] [[he:שוויץ]] [[hr:Švicarska]] [[ht:Swis]] [[hu:Svájc]] [[ia:Suissa]] [[id:Swiss]] [[io:Suisia]] [[is:Sviss]] [[it:Svizzera]] [[ja:スイス]] [[ka:შვეიცარია]] [[ko:스위스]] [[kw:Swistir]] [[la:Helvetia]] [[lb:Schwäiz]] [[li:Zwitserland]] [[lt:Šveicarija]] [[mk:Швајцарија]] [[ms:Switzerland]] [[nap:Sguizzera]] [[nds:Swiez]] [[nl:Zwitserland]] [[nn:Sveits]] [[no:Sveits]] [[pl:Szwajcaria]] [[pt:Suíça]] [[rm:Svizra]] [[ro:Elveţia]] [[ru:Швейцария]] [[scn:Svizzira]] [[simple:Switzerland]] [[sk:Švajčiarsko]] [[sl:Švica]] [[sq:Zvicra]] [[sr:Швајцарска]] [[sv:Schweiz]] [[th:ประเทศสวิตเซอร์แลนด์]] [[tl:Switserland]] [[tr:İsviçre]] [[uk:Швейцарія]] [[ur:سوئٹزرلینڈ]] [[vi:Thụy Sĩ]] [[yi:שװײץ]] [[zh:瑞士]] [[zh-min-nan:Sūi-se]] [[Category:Swisi]] 7974 2006-04-05T05:04:52Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: ang, eu, hi, ku, lmo, lv, pdc Modifie: he, scn, tl, yi {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Swisi | nkómbó_na_lokóta = Confoederatio Helvetica<br>Confédération suisse<br>Confederazione Svizzera<br>Confederaziun svizra<br>Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft<br>Switzerland| image_flag = Switzerland_flag_300.png | image_coat = Coat of Arms of Switzerland.svg | image_map = LocationSwitzerland.png | mokáno = (none)| loyémbo = [[Swiss Psalm]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Lialémani]], [[Lifalansé]], [[Litaliano]], Rumanch Grischun (fr: Romanche)| nkótá_ya_ekólo =| engúmba_mokonzi = [[Bern]] (engúmba mokonzi fedelali) |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Zurich]] | government_type = [[Ekólo Fedelali]] | leader_titles = [[Swiss Federal Council|Federal Council]]| leader_names = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[Moritz Leuenberger]] <br/><small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Vice Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Pascal Couchepin]]<br>[[Joseph Deiss]]<br>[[Samuel Schmid]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Micheline Calmy-Rey]]<br>[[Christoph Blocher]]<br>[[Hans-Rudolf Merz]]| area = 41,285|area_rank=132nd|area_magnitude=1 E10|percent_water=4.2| population_estimate = 7,399,100|population_estimate_year=2003|population_estimate_rank=92nd | population_density = 181|population_density_rank=44th | population_census = 7,288,010|population_census_year=2000| GDP_PPP = $233 billion| GDP_PPP_year=2003|BOKABO_PPP_rank=35th| GDP_nominal = $309 billion| GDP_nominal_year=2003| GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,186| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=8th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $42,138| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=3rd| HDI_year=2004| HDI=0.947| HDI_rank=7th| HDI_category=<font color="#009900">high</font>| sovereignty_type = [[Lipandá]] | established_events =- Balobaki<br> - Endimamaki<br>Ekólo Fedelali | established_dates =[[Monkandá ya mibéko Fedelali ya 1291]]<br> [[1 ogusti]], [[1291]]<br> [[24 oktobele]], [[1648]]<br>[[1848]]| mosɔlɔ = [[Franc Swisi]]|currency_code=CHF| ngonga = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | ngonga_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.ch]] |calling_code = 41| footnotes = | }} == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Historia ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Carte suisse2.png|thumb|310px|left|Swisi]] == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Politiki ya Swisi]]'' == Bakanton (Provinsi Fedelali) == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Bakanton ya Swisi]]'' == Jyografi == '''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Jyografi ya Swisi]]''' {{Bisé ya Eropa}} [[Category:Swisi]] [[af:Switserland]] [[als:Schweiz]] [[an:Suiza]] [[ang:Switzerland]] [[ar:سويسرا]] [[ast:Suiza]] [[be:Швайцарыя]] [[bg:Швейцария]] [[bs:Švicarska]] [[ca:Suïssa]] [[cs:Švýcarsko]] [[cy:Y Swistir]] [[da:Schweiz]] [[de:Schweiz]] [[el:Ελβετία]] [[en:Switzerland]] [[eo:Svislando]] [[es:Suiza]] [[et:Šveits]] [[eu:Suitza]] [[fi:Sveitsi]] [[fo:Sveis]] [[fr:Suisse]] [[fy:Switserlân]] [[ga:An Eilvéis]] [[gd:An Eilbheis]] [[gl:Suíza - Schweiz]] [[he:שווייץ]] [[hi:स्विट्ज़रलैंड]] [[hr:Švicarska]] [[ht:Swis]] [[hu:Svájc]] [[ia:Suissa]] [[id:Swiss]] [[io:Suisia]] [[is:Sviss]] [[it:Svizzera]] [[ja:スイス]] [[ka:შვეიცარია]] [[ko:스위스]] [[ku:Swîsre]] [[kw:Swistir]] [[la:Helvetia]] [[lb:Schwäiz]] [[li:Zwitserland]] [[lmo:Svízzera]] [[lt:Šveicarija]] [[lv:Šveice]] [[mk:Швајцарија]] [[ms:Switzerland]] [[nap:Sguizzera]] [[nds:Swiez]] [[nl:Zwitserland]] [[nn:Sveits]] [[no:Sveits]] [[pdc:Schweiz]] [[pl:Szwajcaria]] [[pt:Suíça]] [[rm:Svizra]] [[ro:Elveţia]] [[ru:Швейцария]] [[scn:Svìzzira]] [[simple:Switzerland]] [[sk:Švajčiarsko]] [[sl:Švica]] [[sq:Zvicra]] [[sr:Швајцарска]] [[sv:Schweiz]] [[th:ประเทศสวิตเซอร์แลนด์]] [[tl:Switzerland]] [[tr:İsviçre]] [[uk:Швейцарія]] [[ur:سوئٹزرلینڈ]] [[vi:Thụy Sĩ]] [[yi:שווייץ]] [[zh:瑞士]] [[zh-min-nan:Sūi-se]] 8021 2006-04-16T00:17:12Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: nds-nl, oc {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Swisi | nkómbó_na_lokóta = Confoederatio Helvetica<br>Confédération suisse<br>Confederazione Svizzera<br>Confederaziun svizra<br>Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft<br>Switzerland| image_flag = Switzerland_flag_300.png | image_coat = Coat of Arms of Switzerland.svg | image_map = LocationSwitzerland.png | mokáno = (none)| loyémbo = [[Swiss Psalm]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Lialémani]], [[Lifalansé]], [[Litaliano]], Rumanch Grischun (fr: Romanche)| nkótá_ya_ekólo =| engúmba_mokonzi = [[Bern]] (engúmba mokonzi fedelali) |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Zurich]] | government_type = [[Ekólo Fedelali]] | leader_titles = [[Swiss Federal Council|Federal Council]]| leader_names = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[Moritz Leuenberger]] <br/><small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Vice Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Pascal Couchepin]]<br>[[Joseph Deiss]]<br>[[Samuel Schmid]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Micheline Calmy-Rey]]<br>[[Christoph Blocher]]<br>[[Hans-Rudolf Merz]]| area = 41,285|area_rank=132nd|area_magnitude=1 E10|percent_water=4.2| population_estimate = 7,399,100|population_estimate_year=2003|population_estimate_rank=92nd | population_density = 181|population_density_rank=44th | population_census = 7,288,010|population_census_year=2000| GDP_PPP = $233 billion| GDP_PPP_year=2003|BOKABO_PPP_rank=35th| GDP_nominal = $309 billion| GDP_nominal_year=2003| GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,186| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=8th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $42,138| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=3rd| HDI_year=2004| HDI=0.947| HDI_rank=7th| HDI_category=<font color="#009900">high</font>| sovereignty_type = [[Lipandá]] | established_events =- Balobaki<br> - Endimamaki<br>Ekólo Fedelali | established_dates =[[Monkandá ya mibéko Fedelali ya 1291]]<br> [[1 ogusti]], [[1291]]<br> [[24 oktobele]], [[1648]]<br>[[1848]]| mosɔlɔ = [[Franc Swisi]]|currency_code=CHF| ngonga = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | ngonga_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.ch]] |calling_code = 41| footnotes = | }} == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Historia ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Carte suisse2.png|thumb|310px|left|Swisi]] == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Politiki ya Swisi]]'' == Bakanton (Provinsi Fedelali) == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Bakanton ya Swisi]]'' == Jyografi == '''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Jyografi ya Swisi]]''' {{Bisé ya Eropa}} [[Category:Swisi]] [[af:Switserland]] [[als:Schweiz]] [[an:Suiza]] [[ang:Switzerland]] [[ar:سويسرا]] [[ast:Suiza]] [[be:Швайцарыя]] [[bg:Швейцария]] [[bs:Švicarska]] [[ca:Suïssa]] [[cs:Švýcarsko]] [[cy:Y Swistir]] [[da:Schweiz]] [[de:Schweiz]] [[el:Ελβετία]] [[en:Switzerland]] [[eo:Svislando]] [[es:Suiza]] [[et:Šveits]] [[eu:Suitza]] [[fi:Sveitsi]] [[fo:Sveis]] [[fr:Suisse]] [[fy:Switserlân]] [[ga:An Eilvéis]] [[gd:An Eilbheis]] [[gl:Suíza - Schweiz]] [[he:שווייץ]] [[hi:स्विट्ज़रलैंड]] [[hr:Švicarska]] [[ht:Swis]] [[hu:Svájc]] [[ia:Suissa]] [[id:Swiss]] [[io:Suisia]] [[is:Sviss]] [[it:Svizzera]] [[ja:スイス]] [[ka:შვეიცარია]] [[ko:스위스]] [[ku:Swîsre]] [[kw:Swistir]] [[la:Helvetia]] [[lb:Schwäiz]] [[li:Zwitserland]] [[lmo:Svízzera]] [[lt:Šveicarija]] [[lv:Šveice]] [[mk:Швајцарија]] [[ms:Switzerland]] [[nap:Sguizzera]] [[nds:Swiez]] [[nds-nl:Zwitserlaand]] [[nl:Zwitserland]] [[nn:Sveits]] [[no:Sveits]] [[oc:Soïssa]] [[pdc:Schweiz]] [[pl:Szwajcaria]] [[pt:Suíça]] [[rm:Svizra]] [[ro:Elveţia]] [[ru:Швейцария]] [[scn:Svìzzira]] [[simple:Switzerland]] [[sk:Švajčiarsko]] [[sl:Švica]] [[sq:Zvicra]] [[sr:Швајцарска]] [[sv:Schweiz]] [[th:ประเทศสวิตเซอร์แลนด์]] [[tl:Switzerland]] [[tr:İsviçre]] [[uk:Швейцарія]] [[ur:سوئٹزرلینڈ]] [[vi:Thụy Sĩ]] [[yi:שווייץ]] [[zh:瑞士]] [[zh-min-nan:Sūi-se]] 8294 2006-05-29T10:54:12Z Moyogo 11 {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Swisi | nkómbó_na_lokóta = Confoederatio Helvetica<br>Confédération suisse<br>Confederazione Svizzera<br>Confederaziun svizra<br>Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft<br>Switzerland| image_flag = Switzerland_flag_300.png | image_coat = Coat of Arms of Switzerland.svg | image_map = LocationSwitzerland.png | mokáno = (none)| loyémbo = [[Swiss Psalm]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Lialémani]], [[Lifalansé]], [[Litaliano]], Rumanch Grischun (fr: Romanche)| nkótá_ya_ekólo =| engúmba_mokonzi = [[Bern]] (engúmba mokonzi fedelali) |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Zurich]] | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Ekólo Fedelali]] | babengí_mokambi = [[Swiss Federal Council|Federal Council]]| nkómbó_mokambi = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[Moritz Leuenberger]] <br/><small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Vice Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Pascal Couchepin]]<br>[[Joseph Deiss]]<br>[[Samuel Schmid]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Micheline Calmy-Rey]]<br>[[Christoph Blocher]]<br>[[Hans-Rudolf Merz]]| etando = 41,285|etando_koleka=132nd|etando_bonɛ́nɛ=1 E10|ndámbo_mái=4.2| population_estimate = 7,399,100|population_estimate_year=2003|population_estimate_rank=92nd | population_density = 181|population_density_rank=44th | population_census = 7,288,010|population_census_year=2000| GDP_PPP = $233 billion| GDP_PPP_year=2003|BOKABO_PPP_rank=35th| GDP_nominal = $309 billion| GDP_nominal_year=2003| GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,186| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=8th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $42,138| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=3rd| HDI_year=2004| HDI=0.947| HDI_rank=7th| HDI_category=<font color="#009900">high</font>| sovereignty_type = [[Lipandá]] | established_events =- Balobaki<br> - Endimamaki<br>Ekólo Fedelali | established_dates =[[Monkandá ya mibéko Fedelali ya 1291]]<br> [[1 ogusti]], [[1291]]<br> [[24 oktobele]], [[1648]]<br>[[1848]]| mosɔlɔ = [[Franc Swisi]]|currency_code=CHF| ngonga = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | ngonga_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.ch]] |calling_code = 41| footnotes = | }} == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Historia ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Carte suisse2.png|thumb|310px|left|Swisi]] == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Politiki ya Swisi]]'' == Bakanton (Provinsi Fedelali) == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Bakanton ya Swisi]]'' == Jyografi == '''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Jyografi ya Swisi]]''' {{Bisé ya Eropa}} [[Category:Swisi]] [[af:Switserland]] [[als:Schweiz]] [[an:Suiza]] [[ang:Switzerland]] [[ar:سويسرا]] [[ast:Suiza]] [[be:Швайцарыя]] [[bg:Швейцария]] [[bs:Švicarska]] [[ca:Suïssa]] [[cs:Švýcarsko]] [[cy:Y Swistir]] [[da:Schweiz]] [[de:Schweiz]] [[el:Ελβετία]] [[en:Switzerland]] [[eo:Svislando]] [[es:Suiza]] [[et:Šveits]] [[eu:Suitza]] [[fi:Sveitsi]] [[fo:Sveis]] [[fr:Suisse]] [[fy:Switserlân]] [[ga:An Eilvéis]] [[gd:An Eilbheis]] [[gl:Suíza - Schweiz]] [[he:שווייץ]] [[hi:स्विट्ज़रलैंड]] [[hr:Švicarska]] [[ht:Swis]] [[hu:Svájc]] [[ia:Suissa]] [[id:Swiss]] [[io:Suisia]] [[is:Sviss]] [[it:Svizzera]] [[ja:スイス]] [[ka:შვეიცარია]] [[ko:스위스]] [[ku:Swîsre]] [[kw:Swistir]] [[la:Helvetia]] [[lb:Schwäiz]] [[li:Zwitserland]] [[lmo:Svízzera]] [[lt:Šveicarija]] [[lv:Šveice]] [[mk:Швајцарија]] [[ms:Switzerland]] [[nap:Sguizzera]] [[nds:Swiez]] [[nds-nl:Zwitserlaand]] [[nl:Zwitserland]] [[nn:Sveits]] [[no:Sveits]] [[oc:Soïssa]] [[pdc:Schweiz]] [[pl:Szwajcaria]] [[pt:Suíça]] [[rm:Svizra]] [[ro:Elveţia]] [[ru:Швейцария]] [[scn:Svìzzira]] [[simple:Switzerland]] [[sk:Švajčiarsko]] [[sl:Švica]] [[sq:Zvicra]] [[sr:Швајцарска]] [[sv:Schweiz]] [[th:ประเทศสวิตเซอร์แลนด์]] [[tl:Switzerland]] [[tr:İsviçre]] [[uk:Швейцарія]] [[ur:سوئٹزرلینڈ]] [[vi:Thụy Sĩ]] [[yi:שווייץ]] [[zh:瑞士]] [[zh-min-nan:Sūi-se]] 8295 2006-05-29T10:55:03Z Moyogo 11 {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Swisi | nkómbó_na_lokóta = Confoederatio Helvetica<br>Confédération suisse<br>Confederazione Svizzera<br>Confederaziun svizra<br>Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft<br>Switzerland| image_flag = Switzerland_flag_300.png | image_coat = Coat of Arms of Switzerland.svg | image_map = LocationSwitzerland.png | mokáno = (none)| loyémbo = [[Swiss Psalm]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Lialémani]], [[Lifalansé]], [[Litaliano]], Rumanch Grischun (fr: Romanche)| nkótá_ya_ekólo =| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Bern]] (engúmba mokonzi fedelali) |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Zurich]] | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Ekólo Fedelali]] | babengí_mokambi = [[Swiss Federal Council|Federal Council]]| nkómbó_mokambi = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[Moritz Leuenberger]] <br/><small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Vice Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Pascal Couchepin]]<br>[[Joseph Deiss]]<br>[[Samuel Schmid]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Micheline Calmy-Rey]]<br>[[Christoph Blocher]]<br>[[Hans-Rudolf Merz]]| etando = 41,285|etando_koleka=132nd|etando_bonɛ́nɛ=1 E10|ndámbo_mái=4.2| population_estimate = 7,399,100|population_estimate_year=2003|population_estimate_rank=92nd | population_density = 181|population_density_rank=44th | population_census = 7,288,010|population_census_year=2000| GDP_PPP = $233 billion| GDP_PPP_year=2003|BOKABO_PPP_rank=35th| GDP_nominal = $309 billion| GDP_nominal_year=2003| GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,186| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=8th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $42,138| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=3rd| HDI_year=2004| HDI=0.947| HDI_rank=7th| HDI_category=<font color="#009900">high</font>| sovereignty_type = [[Lipandá]] | established_events =- Balobaki<br> - Endimamaki<br>Ekólo Fedelali | established_dates =[[Monkandá ya mibéko Fedelali ya 1291]]<br> [[1 ogusti]], [[1291]]<br> [[24 oktobele]], [[1648]]<br>[[1848]]| mosɔlɔ = [[Franc Swisi]]|currency_code=CHF| ngonga = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | ngonga_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.ch]] |calling_code = 41| footnotes = | }} == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Historia ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Carte suisse2.png|thumb|310px|left|Swisi]] == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Politiki ya Swisi]]'' == Bakanton (Provinsi Fedelali) == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Bakanton ya Swisi]]'' == Jyografi == '''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Jyografi ya Swisi]]''' {{Bisé ya Eropa}} [[Category:Swisi]] [[af:Switserland]] [[als:Schweiz]] [[an:Suiza]] [[ang:Switzerland]] [[ar:سويسرا]] [[ast:Suiza]] [[be:Швайцарыя]] [[bg:Швейцария]] [[bs:Švicarska]] [[ca:Suïssa]] [[cs:Švýcarsko]] [[cy:Y Swistir]] [[da:Schweiz]] [[de:Schweiz]] [[el:Ελβετία]] [[en:Switzerland]] [[eo:Svislando]] [[es:Suiza]] [[et:Šveits]] [[eu:Suitza]] [[fi:Sveitsi]] [[fo:Sveis]] [[fr:Suisse]] [[fy:Switserlân]] [[ga:An Eilvéis]] [[gd:An Eilbheis]] [[gl:Suíza - Schweiz]] [[he:שווייץ]] [[hi:स्विट्ज़रलैंड]] [[hr:Švicarska]] [[ht:Swis]] [[hu:Svájc]] [[ia:Suissa]] [[id:Swiss]] [[io:Suisia]] [[is:Sviss]] [[it:Svizzera]] [[ja:スイス]] [[ka:შვეიცარია]] [[ko:스위스]] [[ku:Swîsre]] [[kw:Swistir]] [[la:Helvetia]] [[lb:Schwäiz]] [[li:Zwitserland]] [[lmo:Svízzera]] [[lt:Šveicarija]] [[lv:Šveice]] [[mk:Швајцарија]] [[ms:Switzerland]] [[nap:Sguizzera]] [[nds:Swiez]] [[nds-nl:Zwitserlaand]] [[nl:Zwitserland]] [[nn:Sveits]] [[no:Sveits]] [[oc:Soïssa]] [[pdc:Schweiz]] [[pl:Szwajcaria]] [[pt:Suíça]] [[rm:Svizra]] [[ro:Elveţia]] [[ru:Швейцария]] [[scn:Svìzzira]] [[simple:Switzerland]] [[sk:Švajčiarsko]] [[sl:Švica]] [[sq:Zvicra]] [[sr:Швајцарска]] [[sv:Schweiz]] [[th:ประเทศสวิตเซอร์แลนด์]] [[tl:Switzerland]] [[tr:İsviçre]] [[uk:Швейцарія]] [[ur:سوئٹزرلینڈ]] [[vi:Thụy Sĩ]] [[yi:שווייץ]] [[zh:瑞士]] [[zh-min-nan:Sūi-se]] 8307 2006-05-29T20:52:14Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: frp, ug Modifie: ang {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Swisi | nkómbó_na_lokóta = Confoederatio Helvetica<br>Confédération suisse<br>Confederazione Svizzera<br>Confederaziun svizra<br>Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft<br>Switzerland| image_flag = Switzerland_flag_300.png | image_coat = Coat of Arms of Switzerland.svg | image_map = LocationSwitzerland.png | mokáno = (none)| loyémbo = [[Swiss Psalm]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Lialémani]], [[Lifalansé]], [[Litaliano]], Rumanch Grischun (fr: Romanche)| nkótá_ya_ekólo =| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Bern]] (engúmba mokonzi fedelali) |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Zurich]] | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Ekólo Fedelali]] | babengí_mokambi = [[Swiss Federal Council|Federal Council]]| nkómbó_mokambi = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[Moritz Leuenberger]] <br/><small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Vice Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Pascal Couchepin]]<br>[[Joseph Deiss]]<br>[[Samuel Schmid]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Micheline Calmy-Rey]]<br>[[Christoph Blocher]]<br>[[Hans-Rudolf Merz]]| etando = 41,285|etando_koleka=132nd|etando_bonɛ́nɛ=1 E10|ndámbo_mái=4.2| population_estimate = 7,399,100|population_estimate_year=2003|population_estimate_rank=92nd | population_density = 181|population_density_rank=44th | population_census = 7,288,010|population_census_year=2000| GDP_PPP = $233 billion| GDP_PPP_year=2003|BOKABO_PPP_rank=35th| GDP_nominal = $309 billion| GDP_nominal_year=2003| GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,186| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=8th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $42,138| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=3rd| HDI_year=2004| HDI=0.947| HDI_rank=7th| HDI_category=<font color="#009900">high</font>| sovereignty_type = [[Lipandá]] | established_events =- Balobaki<br> - Endimamaki<br>Ekólo Fedelali | established_dates =[[Monkandá ya mibéko Fedelali ya 1291]]<br> [[1 ogusti]], [[1291]]<br> [[24 oktobele]], [[1648]]<br>[[1848]]| mosɔlɔ = [[Franc Swisi]]|currency_code=CHF| ngonga = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | ngonga_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.ch]] |calling_code = 41| footnotes = | }} == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Historia ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Carte suisse2.png|thumb|310px|left|Swisi]] == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Politiki ya Swisi]]'' == Bakanton (Provinsi Fedelali) == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Bakanton ya Swisi]]'' == Jyografi == '''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Jyografi ya Swisi]]''' {{Bisé ya Eropa}} [[Category:Swisi]] [[af:Switserland]] [[als:Schweiz]] [[an:Suiza]] [[ang:Swissland]] [[ar:سويسرا]] [[ast:Suiza]] [[be:Швайцарыя]] [[bg:Швейцария]] [[bs:Švicarska]] [[ca:Suïssa]] [[cs:Švýcarsko]] [[cy:Y Swistir]] [[da:Schweiz]] [[de:Schweiz]] [[el:Ελβετία]] [[en:Switzerland]] [[eo:Svislando]] [[es:Suiza]] [[et:Šveits]] [[eu:Suitza]] [[fi:Sveitsi]] [[fo:Sveis]] [[fr:Suisse]] [[frp:Suisse]] [[fy:Switserlân]] [[ga:An Eilvéis]] [[gd:An Eilbheis]] [[gl:Suíza - Schweiz]] [[he:שווייץ]] [[hi:स्विट्ज़रलैंड]] [[hr:Švicarska]] [[ht:Swis]] [[hu:Svájc]] [[ia:Suissa]] [[id:Swiss]] [[io:Suisia]] [[is:Sviss]] [[it:Svizzera]] [[ja:スイス]] [[ka:შვეიცარია]] [[ko:스위스]] [[ku:Swîsre]] [[kw:Swistir]] [[la:Helvetia]] [[lb:Schwäiz]] [[li:Zwitserland]] [[lmo:Svízzera]] [[lt:Šveicarija]] [[lv:Šveice]] [[mk:Швајцарија]] [[ms:Switzerland]] [[nap:Sguizzera]] [[nds:Swiez]] [[nds-nl:Zwitserlaand]] [[nl:Zwitserland]] [[nn:Sveits]] [[no:Sveits]] [[oc:Soïssa]] [[pdc:Schweiz]] [[pl:Szwajcaria]] [[pt:Suíça]] [[rm:Svizra]] [[ro:Elveţia]] [[ru:Швейцария]] [[scn:Svìzzira]] [[simple:Switzerland]] [[sk:Švajčiarsko]] [[sl:Švica]] [[sq:Zvicra]] [[sr:Швајцарска]] [[sv:Schweiz]] [[th:ประเทศสวิตเซอร์แลนด์]] [[tl:Switzerland]] [[tr:İsviçre]] [[ug:شۋېتسارىيە]] [[uk:Швейцарія]] [[ur:سوئٹزرلینڈ]] [[vi:Thụy Sĩ]] [[yi:שווייץ]] [[zh:瑞士]] [[zh-min-nan:Sūi-se]] 8315 2006-05-30T07:53:42Z Moyogo 11 {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Swisi | nkómbó_na_lokóta = Confoederatio Helvetica<br>Confédération suisse<br>Confederazione Svizzera<br>Confederaziun svizra<br>Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft<br>Switzerland| image_flag = Switzerland_flag_300.png | image_coat = Coat of Arms of Switzerland.svg | image_map = LocationSwitzerland.png | mokáno = (none)| loyémbo = [[Swiss Psalm]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Lialémani]], [[Lifalansé]], [[Litaliano]], Rumanch Grischun (fr: Romanche)| nkótá_ya_ekólo =| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Bern]] (engúmba mokonzi fedelali) |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Zurich]] | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Ekólo Fedelali]] | babengí_mokambi = [[Swiss Federal Council|Federal Council]]| nkómbó_mokambi = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[Moritz Leuenberger]] <br/><small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Vice Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Pascal Couchepin]]<br>[[Joseph Deiss]]<br>[[Samuel Schmid]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Micheline Calmy-Rey]]<br>[[Christoph Blocher]]<br>[[Hans-Rudolf Merz]]| etando = 41,285|etando_koleka=132nd|etando_bonɛ́nɛ=1 E10|ndámbo_mái=4.2| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 7 399 100| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2003| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=ya 92| bato_na_etando = 181| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 44 | bato_botángi = 7 288 010| bato_botángi_mbúla= 2000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = $233 billion| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 35| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = $30,186| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 8| sovereignty_type = [[Lipandá]] | established_events =- Balobaki<br> - Endimamaki<br>Ekólo Fedelali | established_dates =[[Monkandá ya mibéko Fedelali ya 1291]]<br> [[1 ogusti]], [[1291]]<br> [[24 oktobele]], [[1648]]<br>[[1848]]| mosɔlɔ = [[Franc Swisi]]|currency_code=CHF| ngonga = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | ngonga_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.ch]] |calling_code = 41| footnotes = | }} == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Historia ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Carte suisse2.png|thumb|310px|left|Swisi]] == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Politiki ya Swisi]]'' == Bakanton (Provinsi Fedelali) == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Bakanton ya Swisi]]'' == Jyografi == '''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Jyografi ya Swisi]]''' {{Bisé ya Eropa}} [[Category:Swisi]] [[af:Switserland]] [[als:Schweiz]] [[an:Suiza]] [[ang:Swissland]] [[ar:سويسرا]] [[ast:Suiza]] [[be:Швайцарыя]] [[bg:Швейцария]] [[bs:Švicarska]] [[ca:Suïssa]] [[cs:Švýcarsko]] [[cy:Y Swistir]] [[da:Schweiz]] [[de:Schweiz]] [[el:Ελβετία]] [[en:Switzerland]] [[eo:Svislando]] [[es:Suiza]] [[et:Šveits]] [[eu:Suitza]] [[fi:Sveitsi]] [[fo:Sveis]] [[fr:Suisse]] [[frp:Suisse]] [[fy:Switserlân]] [[ga:An Eilvéis]] [[gd:An Eilbheis]] [[gl:Suíza - Schweiz]] [[he:שווייץ]] [[hi:स्विट्ज़रलैंड]] [[hr:Švicarska]] [[ht:Swis]] [[hu:Svájc]] [[ia:Suissa]] [[id:Swiss]] [[io:Suisia]] [[is:Sviss]] [[it:Svizzera]] [[ja:スイス]] [[ka:შვეიცარია]] [[ko:스위스]] [[ku:Swîsre]] [[kw:Swistir]] [[la:Helvetia]] [[lb:Schwäiz]] [[li:Zwitserland]] [[lmo:Svízzera]] [[lt:Šveicarija]] [[lv:Šveice]] [[mk:Швајцарија]] [[ms:Switzerland]] [[nap:Sguizzera]] [[nds:Swiez]] [[nds-nl:Zwitserlaand]] [[nl:Zwitserland]] [[nn:Sveits]] [[no:Sveits]] [[oc:Soïssa]] [[pdc:Schweiz]] [[pl:Szwajcaria]] [[pt:Suíça]] [[rm:Svizra]] [[ro:Elveţia]] [[ru:Швейцария]] [[scn:Svìzzira]] [[simple:Switzerland]] [[sk:Švajčiarsko]] [[sl:Švica]] [[sq:Zvicra]] [[sr:Швајцарска]] [[sv:Schweiz]] [[th:ประเทศสวิตเซอร์แลนด์]] [[tl:Switzerland]] [[tr:İsviçre]] [[ug:شۋېتسارىيە]] [[uk:Швейцарія]] [[ur:سوئٹزرلینڈ]] [[vi:Thụy Sĩ]] [[yi:שווייץ]] [[zh:瑞士]] [[zh-min-nan:Sūi-se]] 8319 2006-05-30T08:02:21Z Moyogo 11 {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Swisi | nkómbó_na_lokóta = Confoederatio Helvetica<br>Confédération suisse<br>Confederazione Svizzera<br>Confederaziun svizra<br>Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft<br>Switzerland| image_flag = Switzerland_flag_300.png | image_coat = Coat of Arms of Switzerland.svg | image_map = LocationSwitzerland.png | mokáno = (none)| loyémbo = [[Swiss Psalm]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Lialémani]], [[Lifalansé]], [[Litaliano]], Rumanch Grischun (fr: Romanche)| nkótá_ya_ekólo =| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Bern]] (engúmba mokonzi fedelali) |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Zurich]] | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Ekólo Fedelali]] | babengí_mokambi = [[Swiss Federal Council|Federal Council]]| nkómbó_mokambi = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[Moritz Leuenberger]] <br/><small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Vice Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Pascal Couchepin]]<br>[[Joseph Deiss]]<br>[[Samuel Schmid]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Micheline Calmy-Rey]]<br>[[Christoph Blocher]]<br>[[Hans-Rudolf Merz]]| etando = 41,285|etando_limati=132nd|etando_bonɛ́nɛ=1 E10|ndámbo_mái=4.2| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 7 399 100| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2003| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=ya 92| bato_na_etando = 181| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 44 | bato_botángi = 7 288 010| bato_botángi_mbúla= 2000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = $233 billion| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 35| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = $30,186| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 8| sovereignty_type = [[Lipandá]] | established_events =- Balobaki<br> - Endimamaki<br>Ekólo Fedelali | established_dates =[[Monkandá ya mibéko Fedelali ya 1291]]<br> [[1 ogusti]], [[1291]]<br> [[24 oktobele]], [[1648]]<br>[[1848]]| mosɔlɔ = [[Franc Swisi]]|currency_code=CHF| ngonga = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | ngonga_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.ch]] |calling_code = 41| footnotes = | }} == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Historia ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Carte suisse2.png|thumb|310px|left|Swisi]] == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Politiki ya Swisi]]'' == Bakanton (Provinsi Fedelali) == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Bakanton ya Swisi]]'' == Jyografi == '''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Jyografi ya Swisi]]''' {{Bisé ya Eropa}} [[Category:Swisi]] [[af:Switserland]] [[als:Schweiz]] [[an:Suiza]] [[ang:Swissland]] [[ar:سويسرا]] [[ast:Suiza]] [[be:Швайцарыя]] [[bg:Швейцария]] [[bs:Švicarska]] [[ca:Suïssa]] [[cs:Švýcarsko]] [[cy:Y Swistir]] [[da:Schweiz]] [[de:Schweiz]] [[el:Ελβετία]] [[en:Switzerland]] [[eo:Svislando]] [[es:Suiza]] [[et:Šveits]] [[eu:Suitza]] [[fi:Sveitsi]] [[fo:Sveis]] [[fr:Suisse]] [[frp:Suisse]] [[fy:Switserlân]] [[ga:An Eilvéis]] [[gd:An Eilbheis]] [[gl:Suíza - Schweiz]] [[he:שווייץ]] [[hi:स्विट्ज़रलैंड]] [[hr:Švicarska]] [[ht:Swis]] [[hu:Svájc]] [[ia:Suissa]] [[id:Swiss]] [[io:Suisia]] [[is:Sviss]] [[it:Svizzera]] [[ja:スイス]] [[ka:შვეიცარია]] [[ko:스위스]] [[ku:Swîsre]] [[kw:Swistir]] [[la:Helvetia]] [[lb:Schwäiz]] [[li:Zwitserland]] [[lmo:Svízzera]] [[lt:Šveicarija]] [[lv:Šveice]] [[mk:Швајцарија]] [[ms:Switzerland]] [[nap:Sguizzera]] [[nds:Swiez]] [[nds-nl:Zwitserlaand]] [[nl:Zwitserland]] [[nn:Sveits]] [[no:Sveits]] [[oc:Soïssa]] [[pdc:Schweiz]] [[pl:Szwajcaria]] [[pt:Suíça]] [[rm:Svizra]] [[ro:Elveţia]] [[ru:Швейцария]] [[scn:Svìzzira]] [[simple:Switzerland]] [[sk:Švajčiarsko]] [[sl:Švica]] [[sq:Zvicra]] [[sr:Швајцарска]] [[sv:Schweiz]] [[th:ประเทศสวิตเซอร์แลนด์]] [[tl:Switzerland]] [[tr:İsviçre]] [[ug:شۋېتسارىيە]] [[uk:Швейцарія]] [[ur:سوئٹزرلینڈ]] [[vi:Thụy Sĩ]] [[yi:שווייץ]] [[zh:瑞士]] [[zh-min-nan:Sūi-se]] 8430 2006-06-15T04:57:37Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: az, fa Modifie: hi {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Swisi | nkómbó_na_lokóta = Confoederatio Helvetica<br>Confédération suisse<br>Confederazione Svizzera<br>Confederaziun svizra<br>Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft<br>Switzerland| image_flag = Switzerland_flag_300.png | image_coat = Coat of Arms of Switzerland.svg | image_map = LocationSwitzerland.png | mokáno = (none)| loyémbo = [[Swiss Psalm]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Lialémani]], [[Lifalansé]], [[Litaliano]], Rumanch Grischun (fr: Romanche)| nkótá_ya_ekólo =| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Bern]] (engúmba mokonzi fedelali) |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Zurich]] | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Ekólo Fedelali]] | babengí_mokambi = [[Swiss Federal Council|Federal Council]]| nkómbó_mokambi = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[Moritz Leuenberger]] <br/><small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Vice Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Pascal Couchepin]]<br>[[Joseph Deiss]]<br>[[Samuel Schmid]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Micheline Calmy-Rey]]<br>[[Christoph Blocher]]<br>[[Hans-Rudolf Merz]]| etando = 41,285|etando_limati=132nd|etando_bonɛ́nɛ=1 E10|ndámbo_mái=4.2| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 7 399 100| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2003| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=ya 92| bato_na_etando = 181| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 44 | bato_botángi = 7 288 010| bato_botángi_mbúla= 2000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = $233 billion| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 35| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = $30,186| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 8| sovereignty_type = [[Lipandá]] | established_events =- Balobaki<br> - Endimamaki<br>Ekólo Fedelali | established_dates =[[Monkandá ya mibéko Fedelali ya 1291]]<br> [[1 ogusti]], [[1291]]<br> [[24 oktobele]], [[1648]]<br>[[1848]]| mosɔlɔ = [[Franc Swisi]]|currency_code=CHF| ngonga = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | ngonga_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.ch]] |calling_code = 41| footnotes = | }} == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Historia ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Carte suisse2.png|thumb|310px|left|Swisi]] == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Politiki ya Swisi]]'' == Bakanton (Provinsi Fedelali) == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Bakanton ya Swisi]]'' == Jyografi == '''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Jyografi ya Swisi]]''' {{Bisé ya Eropa}} [[Category:Swisi]] [[af:Switserland]] [[als:Schweiz]] [[an:Suiza]] [[ang:Swissland]] [[ar:سويسرا]] [[ast:Suiza]] [[az:İsveçrə]] [[be:Швайцарыя]] [[bg:Швейцария]] [[bs:Švicarska]] [[ca:Suïssa]] [[cs:Švýcarsko]] [[cy:Y Swistir]] [[da:Schweiz]] [[de:Schweiz]] [[el:Ελβετία]] [[en:Switzerland]] [[eo:Svislando]] [[es:Suiza]] [[et:Šveits]] [[eu:Suitza]] [[fa:سوئیس]] [[fi:Sveitsi]] [[fo:Sveis]] [[fr:Suisse]] [[frp:Suisse]] [[fy:Switserlân]] [[ga:An Eilvéis]] [[gd:An Eilbheis]] [[gl:Suíza - Schweiz]] [[he:שווייץ]] [[hi:स्विट्स़रलैंड]] [[hr:Švicarska]] [[ht:Swis]] [[hu:Svájc]] [[ia:Suissa]] [[id:Swiss]] [[io:Suisia]] [[is:Sviss]] [[it:Svizzera]] [[ja:スイス]] [[ka:შვეიცარია]] [[ko:스위스]] [[ku:Swîsre]] [[kw:Swistir]] [[la:Helvetia]] [[lb:Schwäiz]] [[li:Zwitserland]] [[lmo:Svízzera]] [[lt:Šveicarija]] [[lv:Šveice]] [[mk:Швајцарија]] [[ms:Switzerland]] [[nap:Sguizzera]] [[nds:Swiez]] [[nds-nl:Zwitserlaand]] [[nl:Zwitserland]] [[nn:Sveits]] [[no:Sveits]] [[oc:Soïssa]] [[pdc:Schweiz]] [[pl:Szwajcaria]] [[pt:Suíça]] [[rm:Svizra]] [[ro:Elveţia]] [[ru:Швейцария]] [[scn:Svìzzira]] [[simple:Switzerland]] [[sk:Švajčiarsko]] [[sl:Švica]] [[sq:Zvicra]] [[sr:Швајцарска]] [[sv:Schweiz]] [[th:ประเทศสวิตเซอร์แลนด์]] [[tl:Switzerland]] [[tr:İsviçre]] [[ug:شۋېتسارىيە]] [[uk:Швейцарія]] [[ur:سوئٹزرلینڈ]] [[vi:Thụy Sĩ]] [[yi:שווייץ]] [[zh:瑞士]] [[zh-min-nan:Sūi-se]] 8893 2006-07-13T13:27:57Z Moyogo 11 {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Swisi | nkómbó_na_lokótá = Confoederatio Helvetica<br>Confédération suisse<br>Confederazione Svizzera<br>Confederaziun svizra<br>Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft<br>Switzerland| image_flag = Switzerland_flag_300.png | image_coat = Coat of Arms of Switzerland.svg | image_map = LocationSwitzerland.png | mokáno = (none)| loyémbo = [[Swiss Psalm]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Lialémani]], [[Lifalansé]], [[Litaliano]], Rumanch Grischun (fr: Romanche)| nkótá_ya_ekólo =| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Bern]] (engúmba mokonzi fedelali) |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Zurich]] | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Ekólo Fedelali]] | babengí_mokambi = [[Swiss Federal Council|Federal Council]]| nkómbó_mokambi = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[Moritz Leuenberger]] <br/><small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Vice Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Pascal Couchepin]]<br>[[Joseph Deiss]]<br>[[Samuel Schmid]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Micheline Calmy-Rey]]<br>[[Christoph Blocher]]<br>[[Hans-Rudolf Merz]]| etando = 41,285|etando_limati=132nd|etando_bonɛ́nɛ=1 E10|ndámbo_mái=4.2| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 7 399 100| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2003| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=ya 92| bato_na_etando = 181| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 44 | bato_botángi = 7 288 010| bato_botángi_mbúla= 2000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = $233 billion| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 35| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = $30,186| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 8| sovereignty_type = [[Lipandá]] | established_events =- Balobaki<br> - Endimamaki<br>Ekólo Fedelali | established_dates =[[Monkandá ya mibéko Fedelali ya 1291]]<br> [[1 ogusti]], [[1291]]<br> [[24 oktobele]], [[1648]]<br>[[1848]]| mosɔlɔ = [[Franc Swisi]]|currency_code=CHF| ngonga = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | ngonga_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.ch]] |calling_code = 41| footnotes = | }} == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Historia ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Carte suisse2.png|thumb|310px|left|Swisi]] == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Politiki ya Swisi]]'' == Bakanton (Provinsi Fedelali) == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Bakanton ya Swisi]]'' == Jyografi == '''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Jyografi ya Swisi]]''' {{Bisé ya Eropa}} [[Category:Swisi]] [[af:Switserland]] [[als:Schweiz]] [[an:Suiza]] [[ang:Swissland]] [[ar:سويسرا]] [[ast:Suiza]] [[az:İsveçrə]] [[be:Швайцарыя]] [[bg:Швейцария]] [[bs:Švicarska]] [[ca:Suïssa]] [[cs:Švýcarsko]] [[cy:Y Swistir]] [[da:Schweiz]] [[de:Schweiz]] [[el:Ελβετία]] [[en:Switzerland]] [[eo:Svislando]] [[es:Suiza]] [[et:Šveits]] [[eu:Suitza]] [[fa:سوئیس]] [[fi:Sveitsi]] [[fo:Sveis]] [[fr:Suisse]] [[frp:Suisse]] [[fy:Switserlân]] [[ga:An Eilvéis]] [[gd:An Eilbheis]] [[gl:Suíza - Schweiz]] [[he:שווייץ]] [[hi:स्विट्स़रलैंड]] [[hr:Švicarska]] [[ht:Swis]] [[hu:Svájc]] [[ia:Suissa]] [[id:Swiss]] [[io:Suisia]] [[is:Sviss]] [[it:Svizzera]] [[ja:スイス]] [[ka:შვეიცარია]] [[ko:스위스]] [[ku:Swîsre]] [[kw:Swistir]] [[la:Helvetia]] [[lb:Schwäiz]] [[li:Zwitserland]] [[lmo:Svízzera]] [[lt:Šveicarija]] [[lv:Šveice]] [[mk:Швајцарија]] [[ms:Switzerland]] [[nap:Sguizzera]] [[nds:Swiez]] [[nds-nl:Zwitserlaand]] [[nl:Zwitserland]] [[nn:Sveits]] [[no:Sveits]] [[oc:Soïssa]] [[pdc:Schweiz]] [[pl:Szwajcaria]] [[pt:Suíça]] [[rm:Svizra]] [[ro:Elveţia]] [[ru:Швейцария]] [[scn:Svìzzira]] [[simple:Switzerland]] [[sk:Švajčiarsko]] [[sl:Švica]] [[sq:Zvicra]] [[sr:Швајцарска]] [[sv:Schweiz]] [[th:ประเทศสวิตเซอร์แลนด์]] [[tl:Switzerland]] [[tr:İsviçre]] [[ug:شۋېتسارىيە]] [[uk:Швейцарія]] [[ur:سوئٹزرلینڈ]] [[vi:Thụy Sĩ]] [[yi:שווייץ]] [[zh:瑞士]] [[zh-min-nan:Sūi-se]] 8932 2006-07-21T06:50:29Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: cv, fur, ne, ps {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Swisi | nkómbó_na_lokótá = Confoederatio Helvetica<br>Confédération suisse<br>Confederazione Svizzera<br>Confederaziun svizra<br>Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft<br>Switzerland| image_flag = Switzerland_flag_300.png | image_coat = Coat of Arms of Switzerland.svg | image_map = LocationSwitzerland.png | mokáno = (none)| loyémbo = [[Swiss Psalm]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Lialémani]], [[Lifalansé]], [[Litaliano]], Rumanch Grischun (fr: Romanche)| nkótá_ya_ekólo =| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Bern]] (engúmba mokonzi fedelali) |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Zurich]] | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Ekólo Fedelali]] | babengí_mokambi = [[Swiss Federal Council|Federal Council]]| nkómbó_mokambi = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[Moritz Leuenberger]] <br/><small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Vice Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Pascal Couchepin]]<br>[[Joseph Deiss]]<br>[[Samuel Schmid]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Micheline Calmy-Rey]]<br>[[Christoph Blocher]]<br>[[Hans-Rudolf Merz]]| etando = 41,285|etando_limati=132nd|etando_bonɛ́nɛ=1 E10|ndámbo_mái=4.2| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 7 399 100| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2003| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=ya 92| bato_na_etando = 181| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 44 | bato_botángi = 7 288 010| bato_botángi_mbúla= 2000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = $233 billion| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 35| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = $30,186| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 8| sovereignty_type = [[Lipandá]] | established_events =- Balobaki<br> - Endimamaki<br>Ekólo Fedelali | established_dates =[[Monkandá ya mibéko Fedelali ya 1291]]<br> [[1 ogusti]], [[1291]]<br> [[24 oktobele]], [[1648]]<br>[[1848]]| mosɔlɔ = [[Franc Swisi]]|currency_code=CHF| ngonga = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | ngonga_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.ch]] |calling_code = 41| footnotes = | }} == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Historia ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Carte suisse2.png|thumb|310px|left|Swisi]] == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Politiki ya Swisi]]'' == Bakanton (Provinsi Fedelali) == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Bakanton ya Swisi]]'' == Jyografi == '''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Jyografi ya Swisi]]''' {{Bisé ya Eropa}} [[Category:Swisi]] [[af:Switserland]] [[als:Schweiz]] [[an:Suiza]] [[ang:Swissland]] [[ar:سويسرا]] [[ast:Suiza]] [[az:İsveçrə]] [[be:Швайцарыя]] [[bg:Швейцария]] [[bs:Švicarska]] [[ca:Suïssa]] [[cs:Švýcarsko]] [[cv:Швейцари]] [[cy:Y Swistir]] [[da:Schweiz]] [[de:Schweiz]] [[el:Ελβετία]] [[en:Switzerland]] [[eo:Svislando]] [[es:Suiza]] [[et:Šveits]] [[eu:Suitza]] [[fa:سوئیس]] [[fi:Sveitsi]] [[fo:Sveis]] [[fr:Suisse]] [[frp:Suisse]] [[fur:Svuizare]] [[fy:Switserlân]] [[ga:An Eilvéis]] [[gd:An Eilbheis]] [[gl:Suíza - Schweiz]] [[he:שווייץ]] [[hi:स्विट्स़रलैंड]] [[hr:Švicarska]] [[ht:Swis]] [[hu:Svájc]] [[ia:Suissa]] [[id:Swiss]] [[io:Suisia]] [[is:Sviss]] [[it:Svizzera]] [[ja:スイス]] [[ka:შვეიცარია]] [[ko:스위스]] [[ku:Swîsre]] [[kw:Swistir]] [[la:Helvetia]] [[lb:Schwäiz]] [[li:Zwitserland]] [[lmo:Svízzera]] [[lt:Šveicarija]] [[lv:Šveice]] [[mk:Швајцарија]] [[ms:Switzerland]] [[nap:Sguizzera]] [[nds:Swiez]] [[nds-nl:Zwitserlaand]] [[ne:स्वीट्जरल्याण्ड]] [[nl:Zwitserland]] [[nn:Sveits]] [[no:Sveits]] [[oc:Soïssa]] [[pdc:Schweiz]] [[pl:Szwajcaria]] [[ps:سويس]] [[pt:Suíça]] [[rm:Svizra]] [[ro:Elveţia]] [[ru:Швейцария]] [[scn:Svìzzira]] [[simple:Switzerland]] [[sk:Švajčiarsko]] [[sl:Švica]] [[sq:Zvicra]] [[sr:Швајцарска]] [[sv:Schweiz]] [[th:ประเทศสวิตเซอร์แลนด์]] [[tl:Switzerland]] [[tr:İsviçre]] [[ug:شۋېتسارىيە]] [[uk:Швейцарія]] [[ur:سوئٹزرلینڈ]] [[vi:Thụy Sĩ]] [[yi:שווייץ]] [[zh:瑞士]] [[zh-min-nan:Sūi-se]] 9062 2006-08-02T06:41:00Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: [[pam:Switzerland]] {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Swisi | nkómbó_na_lokótá = Confoederatio Helvetica<br>Confédération suisse<br>Confederazione Svizzera<br>Confederaziun svizra<br>Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft<br>Switzerland| image_flag = Switzerland_flag_300.png | image_coat = Coat of Arms of Switzerland.svg | image_map = LocationSwitzerland.png | mokáno = (none)| loyémbo = [[Swiss Psalm]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Lialémani]], [[Lifalansé]], [[Litaliano]], Rumanch Grischun (fr: Romanche)| nkótá_ya_ekólo =| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Bern]] (engúmba mokonzi fedelali) |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Zurich]] | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Ekólo Fedelali]] | babengí_mokambi = [[Swiss Federal Council|Federal Council]]| nkómbó_mokambi = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[Moritz Leuenberger]] <br/><small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Vice Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Pascal Couchepin]]<br>[[Joseph Deiss]]<br>[[Samuel Schmid]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Micheline Calmy-Rey]]<br>[[Christoph Blocher]]<br>[[Hans-Rudolf Merz]]| etando = 41,285|etando_limati=132nd|etando_bonɛ́nɛ=1 E10|ndámbo_mái=4.2| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 7 399 100| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2003| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=ya 92| bato_na_etando = 181| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 44 | bato_botángi = 7 288 010| bato_botángi_mbúla= 2000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = $233 billion| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 35| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = $30,186| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 8| sovereignty_type = [[Lipandá]] | established_events =- Balobaki<br> - Endimamaki<br>Ekólo Fedelali | established_dates =[[Monkandá ya mibéko Fedelali ya 1291]]<br> [[1 ogusti]], [[1291]]<br> [[24 oktobele]], [[1648]]<br>[[1848]]| mosɔlɔ = [[Franc Swisi]]|currency_code=CHF| ngonga = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | ngonga_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.ch]] |calling_code = 41| footnotes = | }} == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Historia ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Carte suisse2.png|thumb|310px|left|Swisi]] == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Politiki ya Swisi]]'' == Bakanton (Provinsi Fedelali) == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Bakanton ya Swisi]]'' == Jyografi == '''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Jyografi ya Swisi]]''' {{Bisé ya Eropa}} [[Category:Swisi]] [[af:Switserland]] [[als:Schweiz]] [[an:Suiza]] [[ang:Swissland]] [[ar:سويسرا]] [[ast:Suiza]] [[az:İsveçrə]] [[be:Швайцарыя]] [[bg:Швейцария]] [[bs:Švicarska]] [[ca:Suïssa]] [[cs:Švýcarsko]] [[cv:Швейцари]] [[cy:Y Swistir]] [[da:Schweiz]] [[de:Schweiz]] [[el:Ελβετία]] [[en:Switzerland]] [[eo:Svislando]] [[es:Suiza]] [[et:Šveits]] [[eu:Suitza]] [[fa:سوئیس]] [[fi:Sveitsi]] [[fo:Sveis]] [[fr:Suisse]] [[frp:Suisse]] [[fur:Svuizare]] [[fy:Switserlân]] [[ga:An Eilvéis]] [[gd:An Eilbheis]] [[gl:Suíza - Schweiz]] [[he:שווייץ]] [[hi:स्विट्स़रलैंड]] [[hr:Švicarska]] [[ht:Swis]] [[hu:Svájc]] [[ia:Suissa]] [[id:Swiss]] [[io:Suisia]] [[is:Sviss]] [[it:Svizzera]] [[ja:スイス]] [[ka:შვეიცარია]] [[ko:스위스]] [[ku:Swîsre]] [[kw:Swistir]] [[la:Helvetia]] [[lb:Schwäiz]] [[li:Zwitserland]] [[lmo:Svízzera]] [[lt:Šveicarija]] [[lv:Šveice]] [[mk:Швајцарија]] [[ms:Switzerland]] [[nap:Sguizzera]] [[nds:Swiez]] [[nds-nl:Zwitserlaand]] [[ne:स्वीट्जरल्याण्ड]] [[nl:Zwitserland]] [[nn:Sveits]] [[no:Sveits]] [[oc:Soïssa]] [[pam:Switzerland]] [[pdc:Schweiz]] [[pl:Szwajcaria]] [[ps:سويس]] [[pt:Suíça]] [[rm:Svizra]] [[ro:Elveţia]] [[ru:Швейцария]] [[scn:Svìzzira]] [[simple:Switzerland]] [[sk:Švajčiarsko]] [[sl:Švica]] [[sq:Zvicra]] [[sr:Швајцарска]] [[sv:Schweiz]] [[th:ประเทศสวิตเซอร์แลนด์]] [[tl:Switzerland]] [[tr:İsviçre]] [[ug:شۋېتسارىيە]] [[uk:Швейцарія]] [[ur:سوئٹزرلینڈ]] [[vi:Thụy Sĩ]] [[yi:שווייץ]] [[zh:瑞士]] [[zh-min-nan:Sūi-se]] 9102 2006-08-13T20:11:52Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[nrm:Suisse]] {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Swisi | nkómbó_na_lokótá = Confoederatio Helvetica<br>Confédération suisse<br>Confederazione Svizzera<br>Confederaziun svizra<br>Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft<br>Switzerland| image_flag = Switzerland_flag_300.png | image_coat = Coat of Arms of Switzerland.svg | image_map = LocationSwitzerland.png | mokáno = (none)| loyémbo = [[Swiss Psalm]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Lialémani]], [[Lifalansé]], [[Litaliano]], Rumanch Grischun (fr: Romanche)| nkótá_ya_ekólo =| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Bern]] (engúmba mokonzi fedelali) |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Zurich]] | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Ekólo Fedelali]] | babengí_mokambi = [[Swiss Federal Council|Federal Council]]| nkómbó_mokambi = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[Moritz Leuenberger]] <br/><small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Vice Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Pascal Couchepin]]<br>[[Joseph Deiss]]<br>[[Samuel Schmid]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Micheline Calmy-Rey]]<br>[[Christoph Blocher]]<br>[[Hans-Rudolf Merz]]| etando = 41,285|etando_limati=132nd|etando_bonɛ́nɛ=1 E10|ndámbo_mái=4.2| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 7 399 100| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2003| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=ya 92| bato_na_etando = 181| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 44 | bato_botángi = 7 288 010| bato_botángi_mbúla= 2000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = $233 billion| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 35| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = $30,186| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 8| sovereignty_type = [[Lipandá]] | established_events =- Balobaki<br> - Endimamaki<br>Ekólo Fedelali | established_dates =[[Monkandá ya mibéko Fedelali ya 1291]]<br> [[1 ogusti]], [[1291]]<br> [[24 oktobele]], [[1648]]<br>[[1848]]| mosɔlɔ = [[Franc Swisi]]|currency_code=CHF| ngonga = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | ngonga_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.ch]] |calling_code = 41| footnotes = | }} == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Historia ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Carte suisse2.png|thumb|310px|left|Swisi]] == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Politiki ya Swisi]]'' == Bakanton (Provinsi Fedelali) == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Bakanton ya Swisi]]'' == Jyografi == '''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Jyografi ya Swisi]]''' {{Bisé ya Eropa}} [[Category:Swisi]] [[af:Switserland]] [[als:Schweiz]] [[an:Suiza]] [[ang:Swissland]] [[ar:سويسرا]] [[ast:Suiza]] [[az:İsveçrə]] [[be:Швайцарыя]] [[bg:Швейцария]] [[bs:Švicarska]] [[ca:Suïssa]] [[cs:Švýcarsko]] [[cv:Швейцари]] [[cy:Y Swistir]] [[da:Schweiz]] [[de:Schweiz]] [[el:Ελβετία]] [[en:Switzerland]] [[eo:Svislando]] [[es:Suiza]] [[et:Šveits]] [[eu:Suitza]] [[fa:سوئیس]] [[fi:Sveitsi]] [[fo:Sveis]] [[fr:Suisse]] [[frp:Suisse]] [[fur:Svuizare]] [[fy:Switserlân]] [[ga:An Eilvéis]] [[gd:An Eilbheis]] [[gl:Suíza - Schweiz]] [[he:שווייץ]] [[hi:स्विट्स़रलैंड]] [[hr:Švicarska]] [[ht:Swis]] [[hu:Svájc]] [[ia:Suissa]] [[id:Swiss]] [[io:Suisia]] [[is:Sviss]] [[it:Svizzera]] [[ja:スイス]] [[ka:შვეიცარია]] [[ko:스위스]] [[ku:Swîsre]] [[kw:Swistir]] [[la:Helvetia]] [[lb:Schwäiz]] [[li:Zwitserland]] [[lmo:Svízzera]] [[lt:Šveicarija]] [[lv:Šveice]] [[mk:Швајцарија]] [[ms:Switzerland]] [[nap:Sguizzera]] [[nds:Swiez]] [[nds-nl:Zwitserlaand]] [[ne:स्वीट्जरल्याण्ड]] [[nl:Zwitserland]] [[nn:Sveits]] [[no:Sveits]] [[nrm:Suisse]] [[oc:Soïssa]] [[pam:Switzerland]] [[pdc:Schweiz]] [[pl:Szwajcaria]] [[ps:سويس]] [[pt:Suíça]] [[rm:Svizra]] [[ro:Elveţia]] [[ru:Швейцария]] [[scn:Svìzzira]] [[simple:Switzerland]] [[sk:Švajčiarsko]] [[sl:Švica]] [[sq:Zvicra]] [[sr:Швајцарска]] [[sv:Schweiz]] [[th:ประเทศสวิตเซอร์แลนด์]] [[tl:Switzerland]] [[tr:İsviçre]] [[ug:شۋېتسارىيە]] [[uk:Швейцарія]] [[ur:سوئٹزرلینڈ]] [[vi:Thụy Sĩ]] [[yi:שווייץ]] [[zh:瑞士]] [[zh-min-nan:Sūi-se]] 9366 2006-09-17T21:43:05Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: am, arc, hy, tet, vo, zh-yue {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Swisi | nkómbó_na_lokótá = Confoederatio Helvetica<br>Confédération suisse<br>Confederazione Svizzera<br>Confederaziun svizra<br>Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft<br>Switzerland| image_flag = Switzerland_flag_300.png | image_coat = Coat of Arms of Switzerland.svg | image_map = LocationSwitzerland.png | mokáno = (none)| loyémbo = [[Swiss Psalm]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Lialémani]], [[Lifalansé]], [[Litaliano]], Rumanch Grischun (fr: Romanche)| nkótá_ya_ekólo =| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Bern]] (engúmba mokonzi fedelali) |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Zurich]] | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Ekólo Fedelali]] | babengí_mokambi = [[Swiss Federal Council|Federal Council]]| nkómbó_mokambi = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[Moritz Leuenberger]] <br/><small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Vice Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Pascal Couchepin]]<br>[[Joseph Deiss]]<br>[[Samuel Schmid]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Micheline Calmy-Rey]]<br>[[Christoph Blocher]]<br>[[Hans-Rudolf Merz]]| etando = 41,285|etando_limati=132nd|etando_bonɛ́nɛ=1 E10|ndámbo_mái=4.2| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 7 399 100| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2003| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=ya 92| bato_na_etando = 181| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 44 | bato_botángi = 7 288 010| bato_botángi_mbúla= 2000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = $233 billion| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 35| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = $30,186| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 8| sovereignty_type = [[Lipandá]] | established_events =- Balobaki<br> - Endimamaki<br>Ekólo Fedelali | established_dates =[[Monkandá ya mibéko Fedelali ya 1291]]<br> [[1 ogusti]], [[1291]]<br> [[24 oktobele]], [[1648]]<br>[[1848]]| mosɔlɔ = [[Franc Swisi]]|currency_code=CHF| ngonga = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | ngonga_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.ch]] |calling_code = 41| footnotes = | }} == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Historia ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Carte suisse2.png|thumb|310px|left|Swisi]] == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Politiki ya Swisi]]'' == Bakanton (Provinsi Fedelali) == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Bakanton ya Swisi]]'' == Jyografi == '''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Jyografi ya Swisi]]''' {{Bisé ya Eropa}} [[Category:Swisi]] [[af:Switserland]] [[als:Schweiz]] [[am:ስዊዘርላንድ]] [[an:Suiza]] [[ang:Swissland]] [[ar:سويسرا]] [[arc:ܣܘܣܪܐ]] [[ast:Suiza]] [[az:İsveçrə]] [[be:Швайцарыя]] [[bg:Швейцария]] [[bs:Švicarska]] [[ca:Suïssa]] [[cs:Švýcarsko]] [[cv:Швейцари]] [[cy:Y Swistir]] [[da:Schweiz]] [[de:Schweiz]] [[el:Ελβετία]] [[en:Switzerland]] [[eo:Svislando]] [[es:Suiza]] [[et:Šveits]] [[eu:Suitza]] [[fa:سوئیس]] [[fi:Sveitsi]] [[fo:Sveis]] [[fr:Suisse]] [[frp:Suisse]] [[fur:Svuizare]] [[fy:Switserlân]] [[ga:An Eilvéis]] [[gd:An Eilbheis]] [[gl:Suíza - Schweiz]] [[he:שווייץ]] [[hi:स्विट्स़रलैंड]] [[hr:Švicarska]] [[ht:Swis]] [[hu:Svájc]] [[hy:Շվեյցարիա]] [[ia:Suissa]] [[id:Swiss]] [[io:Suisia]] [[is:Sviss]] [[it:Svizzera]] [[ja:スイス]] [[ka:შვეიცარია]] [[ko:스위스]] [[ku:Swîsre]] [[kw:Swistir]] [[la:Helvetia]] [[lb:Schwäiz]] [[li:Zwitserland]] [[lmo:Svízzera]] [[lt:Šveicarija]] [[lv:Šveice]] [[mk:Швајцарија]] [[ms:Switzerland]] [[nap:Sguizzera]] [[nds:Swiez]] [[nds-nl:Zwitserlaand]] [[ne:स्वीट्जरल्याण्ड]] [[nl:Zwitserland]] [[nn:Sveits]] [[no:Sveits]] [[nrm:Suisse]] [[oc:Soïssa]] [[pam:Switzerland]] [[pdc:Schweiz]] [[pl:Szwajcaria]] [[ps:سويس]] [[pt:Suíça]] [[rm:Svizra]] [[ro:Elveţia]] [[ru:Швейцария]] [[scn:Svìzzira]] [[simple:Switzerland]] [[sk:Švajčiarsko]] [[sl:Švica]] [[sq:Zvicra]] [[sr:Швајцарска]] [[sv:Schweiz]] [[tet:Suisa]] [[th:ประเทศสวิตเซอร์แลนด์]] [[tl:Switzerland]] [[tr:İsviçre]] [[ug:شۋېتسارىيە]] [[uk:Швейцарія]] [[ur:سوئٹزرلینڈ]] [[vi:Thụy Sĩ]] [[vo:Jveizän]] [[yi:שווייץ]] [[zh:瑞士]] [[zh-min-nan:Sūi-se]] [[zh-yue:瑞士]] 9404 2006-10-01T05:16:38Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: ilo, pms, tg {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Swisi | nkómbó_na_lokótá = Confoederatio Helvetica<br>Confédération suisse<br>Confederazione Svizzera<br>Confederaziun svizra<br>Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft<br>Switzerland| image_flag = Switzerland_flag_300.png | image_coat = Coat of Arms of Switzerland.svg | image_map = LocationSwitzerland.png | mokáno = (none)| loyémbo = [[Swiss Psalm]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Lialémani]], [[Lifalansé]], [[Litaliano]], Rumanch Grischun (fr: Romanche)| nkótá_ya_ekólo =| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Bern]] (engúmba mokonzi fedelali) |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Zurich]] | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Ekólo Fedelali]] | babengí_mokambi = [[Swiss Federal Council|Federal Council]]| nkómbó_mokambi = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[Moritz Leuenberger]] <br/><small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Vice Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Pascal Couchepin]]<br>[[Joseph Deiss]]<br>[[Samuel Schmid]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Micheline Calmy-Rey]]<br>[[Christoph Blocher]]<br>[[Hans-Rudolf Merz]]| etando = 41,285|etando_limati=132nd|etando_bonɛ́nɛ=1 E10|ndámbo_mái=4.2| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 7 399 100| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2003| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=ya 92| bato_na_etando = 181| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 44 | bato_botángi = 7 288 010| bato_botángi_mbúla= 2000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = $233 billion| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 35| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = $30,186| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 8| sovereignty_type = [[Lipandá]] | established_events =- Balobaki<br> - Endimamaki<br>Ekólo Fedelali | established_dates =[[Monkandá ya mibéko Fedelali ya 1291]]<br> [[1 ogusti]], [[1291]]<br> [[24 oktobele]], [[1648]]<br>[[1848]]| mosɔlɔ = [[Franc Swisi]]|currency_code=CHF| ngonga = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | ngonga_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.ch]] |calling_code = 41| footnotes = | }} == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Historia ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Carte suisse2.png|thumb|310px|left|Swisi]] == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Politiki ya Swisi]]'' == Bakanton (Provinsi Fedelali) == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Bakanton ya Swisi]]'' == Jyografi == '''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Jyografi ya Swisi]]''' {{Bisé ya Eropa}} [[Category:Swisi]] [[af:Switserland]] [[als:Schweiz]] [[am:ስዊዘርላንድ]] [[an:Suiza]] [[ang:Swissland]] [[ar:سويسرا]] [[arc:ܣܘܣܪܐ]] [[ast:Suiza]] [[az:İsveçrə]] [[be:Швайцарыя]] [[bg:Швейцария]] [[bs:Švicarska]] [[ca:Suïssa]] [[cs:Švýcarsko]] [[cv:Швейцари]] [[cy:Y Swistir]] [[da:Schweiz]] [[de:Schweiz]] [[el:Ελβετία]] [[en:Switzerland]] [[eo:Svislando]] [[es:Suiza]] [[et:Šveits]] [[eu:Suitza]] [[fa:سوئیس]] [[fi:Sveitsi]] [[fo:Sveis]] [[fr:Suisse]] [[frp:Suisse]] [[fur:Svuizare]] [[fy:Switserlân]] [[ga:An Eilvéis]] [[gd:An Eilbheis]] [[gl:Suíza - Schweiz]] [[he:שווייץ]] [[hi:स्विट्स़रलैंड]] [[hr:Švicarska]] [[ht:Swis]] [[hu:Svájc]] [[hy:Շվեյցարիա]] [[ia:Suissa]] [[id:Swiss]] [[ilo:Switzerland]] [[io:Suisia]] [[is:Sviss]] [[it:Svizzera]] [[ja:スイス]] [[ka:შვეიცარია]] [[ko:스위스]] [[ku:Swîsre]] [[kw:Swistir]] [[la:Helvetia]] [[lb:Schwäiz]] [[li:Zwitserland]] [[lmo:Svízzera]] [[lt:Šveicarija]] [[lv:Šveice]] [[mk:Швајцарија]] [[ms:Switzerland]] [[nap:Sguizzera]] [[nds:Swiez]] [[nds-nl:Zwitserlaand]] [[ne:स्वीट्जरल्याण्ड]] [[nl:Zwitserland]] [[nn:Sveits]] [[no:Sveits]] [[nrm:Suisse]] [[oc:Soïssa]] [[pam:Switzerland]] [[pdc:Schweiz]] [[pl:Szwajcaria]] [[pms:Svìssera]] [[ps:سويس]] [[pt:Suíça]] [[rm:Svizra]] [[ro:Elveţia]] [[ru:Швейцария]] [[scn:Svìzzira]] [[simple:Switzerland]] [[sk:Švajčiarsko]] [[sl:Švica]] [[sq:Zvicra]] [[sr:Швајцарска]] [[sv:Schweiz]] [[tet:Suisa]] [[tg:Швейтсария]] [[th:ประเทศสวิตเซอร์แลนด์]] [[tl:Switzerland]] [[tr:İsviçre]] [[ug:شۋېتسارىيە]] [[uk:Швейцарія]] [[ur:سوئٹزرلینڈ]] [[vi:Thụy Sĩ]] [[vo:Jveizän]] [[yi:שווייץ]] [[zh:瑞士]] [[zh-min-nan:Sūi-se]] [[zh-yue:瑞士]] 9776 2006-11-15T04:28:12Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: [[br:Suis]] {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Swisi | nkómbó_na_lokótá = Confoederatio Helvetica<br>Confédération suisse<br>Confederazione Svizzera<br>Confederaziun svizra<br>Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft<br>Switzerland| image_flag = Switzerland_flag_300.png | image_coat = Coat of Arms of Switzerland.svg | image_map = LocationSwitzerland.png | mokáno = (none)| loyémbo = [[Swiss Psalm]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Lialémani]], [[Lifalansé]], [[Litaliano]], Rumanch Grischun (fr: Romanche)| nkótá_ya_ekólo =| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Bern]] (engúmba mokonzi fedelali) |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Zurich]] | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Ekólo Fedelali]] | babengí_mokambi = [[Swiss Federal Council|Federal Council]]| nkómbó_mokambi = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[Moritz Leuenberger]] <br/><small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Vice Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Pascal Couchepin]]<br>[[Joseph Deiss]]<br>[[Samuel Schmid]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Micheline Calmy-Rey]]<br>[[Christoph Blocher]]<br>[[Hans-Rudolf Merz]]| etando = 41,285|etando_limati=132nd|etando_bonɛ́nɛ=1 E10|ndámbo_mái=4.2| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 7 399 100| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2003| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=ya 92| bato_na_etando = 181| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 44 | bato_botángi = 7 288 010| bato_botángi_mbúla= 2000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = $233 billion| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 35| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = $30,186| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 8| sovereignty_type = [[Lipandá]] | established_events =- Balobaki<br> - Endimamaki<br>Ekólo Fedelali | established_dates =[[Monkandá ya mibéko Fedelali ya 1291]]<br> [[1 ogusti]], [[1291]]<br> [[24 oktobele]], [[1648]]<br>[[1848]]| mosɔlɔ = [[Franc Swisi]]|currency_code=CHF| ngonga = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | ngonga_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.ch]] |calling_code = 41| footnotes = | }} == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Historia ya Swisi]]'' [[Image:Carte suisse2.png|thumb|310px|left|Swisi]] == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Politiki ya Swisi]]'' == Bakanton (Provinsi Fedelali) == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Bakanton ya Swisi]]'' == Jyografi == '''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Jyografi ya Swisi]]''' {{Bisé ya Eropa}} [[Category:Swisi]] [[af:Switserland]] [[als:Schweiz]] [[am:ስዊዘርላንድ]] [[an:Suiza]] [[ang:Swissland]] [[ar:سويسرا]] [[arc:ܣܘܣܪܐ]] [[ast:Suiza]] [[az:İsveçrə]] [[be:Швайцарыя]] [[bg:Швейцария]] [[br:Suis]] [[bs:Švicarska]] [[ca:Suïssa]] [[cs:Švýcarsko]] [[cv:Швейцари]] [[cy:Y Swistir]] [[da:Schweiz]] [[de:Schweiz]] [[el:Ελβετία]] [[en:Switzerland]] [[eo:Svislando]] [[es:Suiza]] [[et:Šveits]] [[eu:Suitza]] [[fa:سوئیس]] [[fi:Sveitsi]] [[fo:Sveis]] [[fr:Suisse]] [[frp:Suisse]] [[fur:Svuizare]] [[fy:Switserlân]] [[ga:An Eilvéis]] [[gd:An Eilbheis]] [[gl:Suíza - Schweiz]] [[he:שווייץ]] [[hi:स्विट्स़रलैंड]] [[hr:Švicarska]] [[ht:Swis]] [[hu:Svájc]] [[hy:Շվեյցարիա]] [[ia:Suissa]] [[id:Swiss]] [[ilo:Switzerland]] [[io:Suisia]] [[is:Sviss]] [[it:Svizzera]] [[ja:スイス]] [[ka:შვეიცარია]] [[ko:스위스]] [[ku:Swîsre]] [[kw:Swistir]] [[la:Helvetia]] [[lb:Schwäiz]] [[li:Zwitserland]] [[lmo:Svízzera]] [[lt:Šveicarija]] [[lv:Šveice]] [[mk:Швајцарија]] [[ms:Switzerland]] [[nap:Sguizzera]] [[nds:Swiez]] [[nds-nl:Zwitserlaand]] [[ne:स्वीट्जरल्याण्ड]] [[nl:Zwitserland]] [[nn:Sveits]] [[no:Sveits]] [[nrm:Suisse]] [[oc:Soïssa]] [[pam:Switzerland]] [[pdc:Schweiz]] [[pl:Szwajcaria]] [[pms:Svìssera]] [[ps:سويس]] [[pt:Suíça]] [[rm:Svizra]] [[ro:Elveţia]] [[ru:Швейцария]] [[scn:Svìzzira]] [[simple:Switzerland]] [[sk:Švajčiarsko]] [[sl:Švica]] [[sq:Zvicra]] [[sr:Швајцарска]] [[sv:Schweiz]] [[tet:Suisa]] [[tg:Швейтсария]] [[th:ประเทศสวิตเซอร์แลนด์]] [[tl:Switzerland]] [[tr:İsviçre]] [[ug:شۋېتسارىيە]] [[uk:Швейцарія]] [[ur:سوئٹزرلینڈ]] [[vi:Thụy Sĩ]] [[vo:Jveizän]] [[yi:שווייץ]] [[zh:瑞士]] [[zh-min-nan:Sūi-se]] [[zh-yue:瑞士]] Talk:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa 1131 4697 2005-06-19T08:45:18Z Moyogo 11 Kisasa === Kinshasa === Kinshasa se dit ''Kisasa'' en lingala. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 08:45, 19 yun 2005 (UTC) 6628 2005-11-03T21:12:27Z Themalau 22 === Kinshasa === Kinshasa se dit ''Kisasa'' en lingala. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 08:45, 19 yun 2005 (UTC) J'ai quelques problemes avec la page sur le Kongo-Kinshasa D'abord le nom. D'abord le nom officiel: Ekolo Nsomi Kongo signifie "Etat Independant du Congo", ce que le Congo n'a pas ete depuis 1908. Raison pour laquelle il y a "Republiki ya Kongo Demokratiki 6635 2005-11-03T21:27:50Z Moyogo 11 === Kinshasa === Kinshasa se dit ''Kisasa'' en lingala. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 08:45, 19 yun 2005 (UTC) J'ai quelques problemes avec la page sur le Kongo-Kinshasa D'abord le nom. D'abord le nom officiel: Ekolo Nsomi Kongo signifie "Etat Independant du Congo", ce que le Congo n'a pas ete depuis 1908. Raison pour laquelle il y a "Republiki ya Kongo Demokratiki :Effectivement ce titre n'est sans doute pas le plus adéquat, je l'avais trouvé sur dans la traduction du projet de constitution http://www.cei-rdc.org/article.php3?id_article=5, le précédent venait lui aussi d'un texte officiele. Si c'est meilleur, nous devrions utiliser le précédent. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 21:27, 3 novembere 2005 (UTC) 6797 2005-11-08T11:39:14Z Bombo 12 République === Kinshasa === Kinshasa se dit ''Kisasa'' en lingala. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 08:45, 19 yun 2005 (UTC) J'ai quelques problemes avec la page sur le Kongo-Kinshasa D'abord le nom. D'abord le nom officiel: Ekolo Nsomi Kongo signifie "Etat Independant du Congo", ce que le Congo n'a pas ete depuis 1908. Raison pour laquelle il y a "Republiki ya Kongo Demokratiki" :Effectivement ce titre n'est sans doute pas le plus adéquat, je l'avais trouvé sur dans la traduction du projet de constitution http://www.cei-rdc.org/article.php3?id_article=5, le précédent venait lui aussi d'un texte officiele. Si c'est meilleur, nous devrions utiliser le précédent. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 21:27, 3 novembere 2005 (UTC) :: Pour moi, il y a d'abord la question "Republiki ya Kongo Demokratiki" ou "Repubiliki ya Kongo Demokratiki"? Il y les deux, la "Repubiliki" en retrouve plus souvent. Erreur d'orthographe reporté ou bonne orthographe? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 11:39, 8 novembere 2005 (UTC) 6799 2005-11-08T14:06:38Z Moyogo 11 Republiki ou autres === Kinshasa === Kinshasa se dit ''Kisasa'' en lingala. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 08:45, 19 yun 2005 (UTC) J'ai quelques problemes avec la page sur le Kongo-Kinshasa D'abord le nom. D'abord le nom officiel: Ekolo Nsomi Kongo signifie "Etat Independant du Congo", ce que le Congo n'a pas ete depuis 1908. Raison pour laquelle il y a "Republiki ya Kongo Demokratiki" :Effectivement ce titre n'est sans doute pas le plus adéquat, je l'avais trouvé sur dans la traduction du projet de constitution http://www.cei-rdc.org/article.php3?id_article=5, le précédent venait lui aussi d'un texte officiele. Si c'est meilleur, nous devrions utiliser le précédent. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 21:27, 3 novembere 2005 (UTC) :: Pour moi, il y a d'abord la question "Republiki ya Kongo Demokratiki" ou "Repubiliki ya Kongo Demokratiki"? Il y les deux, la "Repubiliki" en retrouve plus souvent. Erreur d'orthographe reporté ou bonne orthographe? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 11:39, 8 novembere 2005 (UTC) ::: Ce n'est pas une question facile, personne n'utilise vraiment un orthographe standard, à part quelques linguistes ou lexicologues. Les locuteurs prononces aussi cela de façon différentes. La séquence des consonnes "bl" n'étant pas native au lingala, seul certains locuteurs la prononce aisément (qu'ils soient beaucoup ou non). De plus pourquoi traduire "République démocratique du Congo" par "Repubiliki ya Kongo Demokratiki" ("République du Congo démocratique")? On m'a toujours dit qu'on appelait le pays Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa ou Kɔngɔ́-Kinshasa si prononcé à la française. Le dictionnaire Kawata Ashem Tem évite aussi d'utilisé l'appelation avec le mot république et appelle le pays Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa ou Kɔ́ngɔ. La CEI a quelques documents en lingala citant le pays : [http://www.cei-rdc.org/ceilingala.pdf "Repibilike Demokratike ya Congo"] (sans utilisé l'orthographe recommandée par les linguistes), [http://www.cei-rdc.org/offres/constitution_ling.pdf|la traduction du projet de constitution utilise Ekolo Nsomi Congo] comme [http://www.cei-rdc.org/offres/loi_referendaire_ling.pdf la loi référendaire]. Il y avait auparavant un document de la République du Congo usant du terme "Repibiliki Fedelale ya Congo". Selon l'alphabet recommandé le c se lit comme dans ciluba, il est donc logique de suivre l'orthographe du dictionnair'e Kawata Ashem Tem qui est Kɔ́ngɔ (même si on prononce souvent Kɔngɔ́ à la française). Pour l'info le dictionnaire KAT utlise le terme "Lɛ́ta ya Nsɔ́mí ya Kɔ́ngɔ́" pour l'État indépendant du Congo et non "Ekólo Nsɔ́mí ya Kɔ́ngɔ". Selon celui-ci "ekólo" veut dire pays, tribu, race ou origine; et c'est "esé" qui veut dire république ou nation et pays. :::En bref "Repibilike Demokratike ya Congo" est utilisé dans un document officiel (loi CEI), et semblerait être une meilleure traduction que "Ekólo Nsɔ́mí ya Kɔ́ngɔ". De plus Repibilike est sans doute plus proche de ce qui est prononcé que Republiki, et est utilisé dans un document officiel (deux si on compte celui qui n'est plus en ligne). En attendant que le gouvernement donne le nom officiel du pays dans ses langues nationales nous pourrions aussi simplement utiliser Kɔngɔ́-Kinshasa ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 14:06, 8 novembere 2005 (UTC) 6800 2005-11-08T14:07:15Z Moyogo 11 === Kinshasa === Kinshasa se dit ''Kisasa'' en lingala. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 08:45, 19 yun 2005 (UTC) J'ai quelques problemes avec la page sur le Kongo-Kinshasa D'abord le nom. D'abord le nom officiel: Ekolo Nsomi Kongo signifie "Etat Independant du Congo", ce que le Congo n'a pas ete depuis 1908. Raison pour laquelle il y a "Republiki ya Kongo Demokratiki" :Effectivement ce titre n'est sans doute pas le plus adéquat, je l'avais trouvé sur dans la traduction du projet de constitution http://www.cei-rdc.org/article.php3?id_article=5, le précédent venait lui aussi d'un texte officiele. Si c'est meilleur, nous devrions utiliser le précédent. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 21:27, 3 novembere 2005 (UTC) :: Pour moi, il y a d'abord la question "Republiki ya Kongo Demokratiki" ou "Repubiliki ya Kongo Demokratiki"? Il y les deux, la "Repubiliki" en retrouve plus souvent. Erreur d'orthographe reporté ou bonne orthographe? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 11:39, 8 novembere 2005 (UTC) ::: Ce n'est pas une question facile, personne n'utilise vraiment un orthographe standard, à part quelques linguistes ou lexicologues. Les locuteurs prononces aussi cela de façon différentes. La séquence des consonnes "bl" n'étant pas native au lingala, seul certains locuteurs la prononce aisément (qu'ils soient beaucoup ou non). De plus pourquoi traduire "République démocratique du Congo" par "Repubiliki ya Kongo Demokratiki" ("République du Congo démocratique")? On m'a toujours dit qu'on appelait le pays Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa ou Kɔngɔ́-Kinshasa si prononcé à la française. Le dictionnaire Kawata Ashem Tem évite aussi d'utilisé l'appelation avec le mot république et appelle le pays Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa ou Kɔ́ngɔ. La CEI a quelques documents en lingala citant le pays : [http://www.cei-rdc.org/ceilingala.pdf "Repibilike Demokratike ya Congo"] (sans utilisé l'orthographe recommandée par les linguistes), [http://www.cei-rdc.org/offres/constitution_ling.pdf|la traduction du projet de constitution utilise Ekolo Nsomi Congo] comme [http://www.cei-rdc.org/offres/loi_referendaire_ling.pdf la loi référendaire]. Il y avait auparavant un document de la République du Congo usant du terme "Repibiliki Fedelale ya Congo". Selon l'alphabet recommandé le c se lit comme dans ciluba, il est donc logique de suivre l'orthographe du dictionnair'e Kawata Ashem Tem qui est Kɔ́ngɔ (même si on prononce souvent Kɔngɔ́ à la française). :::Pour l'info le dictionnaire KAT utlise le terme "Lɛ́ta ya Nsɔ́mí ya Kɔ́ngɔ́" pour l'État indépendant du Congo et non "Ekólo Nsɔ́mí ya Kɔ́ngɔ". Selon celui-ci "ekólo" veut dire pays, tribu, race ou origine; et c'est "esé" qui veut dire république ou nation et pays. :::En bref "Repibilike Demokratike ya Congo" est utilisé dans un document officiel (loi CEI), et semblerait être une meilleure traduction que "Ekólo Nsɔ́mí ya Kɔ́ngɔ". De plus Repibilike est sans doute plus proche de ce qui est prononcé que Republiki, et est utilisé dans un document officiel (deux si on compte celui qui n'est plus en ligne). En attendant que le gouvernement donne le nom officiel du pays dans ses langues nationales nous pourrions aussi simplement utiliser Kɔngɔ́-Kinshasa ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 14:06, 8 novembere 2005 (UTC) 7401 2005-12-20T18:17:35Z Moyogo 11 === Kinshasa === Kinshasa se dit ''Kisasa'' en lingala. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 08:45, 19 yun 2005 (UTC) J'ai quelques problemes avec la page sur le Kongo-Kinshasa == Nkómbó ya Ekólo == D'abord le nom. D'abord le nom officiel: Ekolo Nsomi Kongo signifie "Etat Independant du Congo", ce que le Congo n'a pas ete depuis 1908. Raison pour laquelle il y a "Republiki ya Kongo Demokratiki" :Effectivement ce titre n'est sans doute pas le plus adéquat, je l'avais trouvé sur dans la traduction du projet de constitution http://www.cei-rdc.org/article.php3?id_article=5, le précédent venait lui aussi d'un texte officiele. Si c'est meilleur, nous devrions utiliser le précédent. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 21:27, 3 novembere 2005 (UTC) :: Pour moi, il y a d'abord la question "Republiki ya Kongo Demokratiki" ou "Repubiliki ya Kongo Demokratiki"? Il y les deux, la "Repubiliki" en retrouve plus souvent. Erreur d'orthographe reporté ou bonne orthographe? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 11:39, 8 novembere 2005 (UTC) ::: Ce n'est pas une question facile, personne n'utilise vraiment un orthographe standard, à part quelques linguistes ou lexicologues. Les locuteurs prononces aussi cela de façon différentes. La séquence des consonnes "bl" n'étant pas native au lingala, seul certains locuteurs la prononce aisément (qu'ils soient beaucoup ou non). De plus pourquoi traduire "République démocratique du Congo" par "Repubiliki ya Kongo Demokratiki" ("République du Congo démocratique")? On m'a toujours dit qu'on appelait le pays Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa ou Kɔngɔ́-Kinshasa si prononcé à la française. Le dictionnaire Kawata Ashem Tem évite aussi d'utilisé l'appelation avec le mot république et appelle le pays Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa ou Kɔ́ngɔ. La CEI a quelques documents en lingala citant le pays : [http://www.cei-rdc.org/ceilingala.pdf "Repibilike Demokratike ya Congo"] (sans utilisé l'orthographe recommandée par les linguistes), [http://www.cei-rdc.org/offres/constitution_ling.pdf|la traduction du projet de constitution utilise Ekolo Nsomi Congo] comme [http://www.cei-rdc.org/offres/loi_referendaire_ling.pdf la loi référendaire]. Il y avait auparavant un document de la République du Congo usant du terme "Repibiliki Fedelale ya Congo". Selon l'alphabet recommandé le c se lit comme dans ciluba, il est donc logique de suivre l'orthographe du dictionnair'e Kawata Ashem Tem qui est Kɔ́ngɔ (même si on prononce souvent Kɔngɔ́ à la française). :::Pour l'info le dictionnaire KAT utlise le terme "Lɛ́ta ya Nsɔ́mí ya Kɔ́ngɔ́" pour l'État indépendant du Congo et non "Ekólo Nsɔ́mí ya Kɔ́ngɔ". Selon celui-ci "ekólo" veut dire pays, tribu, race ou origine; et c'est "esé" qui veut dire république ou nation et pays. :::En bref "Repibilike Demokratike ya Congo" est utilisé dans un document officiel (loi CEI), et semblerait être une meilleure traduction que "Ekólo Nsɔ́mí ya Kɔ́ngɔ". De plus Repibilike est sans doute plus proche de ce qui est prononcé que Republiki, et est utilisé dans un document officiel (deux si on compte celui qui n'est plus en ligne). En attendant que le gouvernement donne le nom officiel du pays dans ses langues nationales nous pourrions aussi simplement utiliser Kɔngɔ́-Kinshasa ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 14:06, 8 novembere 2005 (UTC) Sur Radio Okapi, j'entends dire Ekólo Kongó Demokratíki.----[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 18:17, 20 desembere 2005 (UTC) MediaWiki:Allmessagescurrent 1132 sysop 4698 2005-06-25T11:13:12Z MediaWiki default Current text MediaWiki:Allmessagesdefault 1133 sysop 4699 2005-06-25T11:13:12Z MediaWiki default Default text MediaWiki:Allmessagesname 1134 sysop 4700 2005-06-25T11:13:12Z MediaWiki default Name MediaWiki:Bad image list 1135 sysop 4701 2005-06-25T11:13:12Z MediaWiki default MediaWiki:Laggedslavemode 1136 sysop 4702 2005-06-25T11:13:12Z MediaWiki default Warning: Page may not contain recent updates. 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MediaWiki:Exif-exposurebiasvalue 1230 sysop 4808 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Exposure bias MediaWiki:Exif-exposureindex 1231 sysop 4809 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Exposure index MediaWiki:Exif-exposuremode 1232 sysop 4810 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Exposure mode MediaWiki:Exif-exposuremode-0 1233 sysop 4811 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Auto exposure MediaWiki:Exif-exposuremode-1 1234 sysop 4812 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Manual exposure MediaWiki:Exif-exposuremode-2 1235 sysop 4813 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Auto bracket MediaWiki:Exif-exposureprogram 1236 sysop 4814 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Exposure Program MediaWiki:Exif-exposureprogram-0 1237 sysop 4815 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Not defined MediaWiki:Exif-exposureprogram-1 1238 sysop 4816 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Manual MediaWiki:Exif-exposureprogram-2 1239 sysop 4817 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Normal program MediaWiki:Exif-exposureprogram-3 1240 sysop 4818 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Aperture priority MediaWiki:Exif-exposureprogram-4 1241 sysop 4819 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Shutter priority MediaWiki:Exif-exposureprogram-5 1242 sysop 4820 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Creative program (biased toward depth of field) MediaWiki:Exif-exposureprogram-6 1243 sysop 4821 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Action program (biased toward fast shutter speed) MediaWiki:Exif-exposureprogram-7 1244 sysop 4822 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Portrait mode (for closeup photos with the background out of focus) MediaWiki:Exif-exposureprogram-8 1245 sysop 4823 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Landscape mode (for landscape photos with the background in focus) MediaWiki:Exif-exposuretime 1246 sysop 4824 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Exposure time MediaWiki:Exif-filesource 1247 sysop 4825 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default File source MediaWiki:Exif-filesource-3 1248 sysop 4826 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default DSC MediaWiki:Exif-flash 1249 sysop 4827 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Flash MediaWiki:Exif-flashenergy 1250 sysop 4828 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Flash energy MediaWiki:Exif-flashpixversion 1251 sysop 4829 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Supported Flashpix version MediaWiki:Exif-fnumber 1252 sysop 4830 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default F Number MediaWiki:Exif-focallength 1253 sysop 4831 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Lens focal length MediaWiki:Exif-focallengthin35mmfilm 1254 sysop 4832 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Focal length in 35 mm film MediaWiki:Exif-focalplaneresolutionunit 1255 sysop 4833 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Focal plane resolution unit MediaWiki:Exif-focalplanexresolution 1256 sysop 4834 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Focal plane X resolution MediaWiki:Exif-focalplaneyresolution 1257 sysop 4835 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Focal plane Y resolution MediaWiki:Exif-gaincontrol 1258 sysop 4836 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Scene control MediaWiki:Exif-gaincontrol-0 1259 sysop 4837 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default None MediaWiki:Exif-gaincontrol-1 1260 sysop 4838 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Low gain up MediaWiki:Exif-gaincontrol-2 1261 sysop 4839 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default High gain up MediaWiki:Exif-gaincontrol-3 1262 sysop 4840 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Low gain down MediaWiki:Exif-gaincontrol-4 1263 sysop 4841 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default High gain down MediaWiki:Exif-gpsaltitude 1264 sysop 4842 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Altitude MediaWiki:Exif-gpsaltituderef 1265 sysop 4843 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Altitude reference MediaWiki:Exif-gpsareainformation 1266 sysop 4844 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Name of GPS area MediaWiki:Exif-gpsdatestamp 1267 sysop 4845 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default GPS date MediaWiki:Exif-gpsdestbearing 1268 sysop 4846 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Bearing of destination MediaWiki:Exif-gpsdestbearingref 1269 sysop 4847 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Reference for bearing of destination MediaWiki:Exif-gpsdestdistance 1270 sysop 4848 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Distance to destination MediaWiki:Exif-gpsdestdistanceref 1271 sysop 4849 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Reference for distance to destination MediaWiki:Exif-gpsdestlatitude 1272 sysop 4850 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Latitude destination MediaWiki:Exif-gpsdestlatituderef 1273 sysop 4851 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Reference for latitude of destination MediaWiki:Exif-gpsdestlongitude 1274 sysop 4852 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Longitude of destination MediaWiki:Exif-gpsdestlongituderef 1275 sysop 4853 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Reference for longitude of destination MediaWiki:Exif-gpsdifferential 1276 sysop 4854 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default GPS differential correction MediaWiki:Exif-gpsdirection-m 1277 sysop 4855 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Magnetic direction MediaWiki:Exif-gpsdirection-t 1278 sysop 4856 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default True direction MediaWiki:Exif-gpsdop 1279 sysop 4857 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Measurement precision MediaWiki:Exif-gpsimgdirection 1280 sysop 4858 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Direction of image MediaWiki:Exif-gpsimgdirectionref 1281 sysop 4859 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Reference for direction of image MediaWiki:Exif-gpslatitude 1282 sysop 4860 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Latitude MediaWiki:Exif-gpslatitude-n 1283 sysop 4861 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default North latitude MediaWiki:Exif-gpslatitude-s 1284 sysop 4862 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default South latitude MediaWiki:Exif-gpslatituderef 1285 sysop 4863 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default North or South Latitude MediaWiki:Exif-gpslongitude 1286 sysop 4864 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Longitude MediaWiki:Exif-gpslongitude-e 1287 sysop 4865 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default East longitude MediaWiki:Exif-gpslongitude-w 1288 sysop 4866 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default West longitude MediaWiki:Exif-gpslongituderef 1289 sysop 4867 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default East or West Longitude MediaWiki:Exif-gpsmapdatum 1290 sysop 4868 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Geodetic survey data used MediaWiki:Exif-gpsmeasuremode 1291 sysop 4869 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Measurement mode MediaWiki:Exif-gpsmeasuremode-2 1292 sysop 4870 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default 2-dimensional measurement MediaWiki:Exif-gpsmeasuremode-3 1293 sysop 4871 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default 3-dimensional measurement MediaWiki:Exif-gpsprocessingmethod 1294 sysop 4872 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Name of GPS processing method MediaWiki:Exif-gpssatellites 1295 sysop 4873 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Satellites used for measurement MediaWiki:Exif-gpsspeed 1296 sysop 4874 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Speed of GPS receiver MediaWiki:Exif-gpsspeed-k 1297 sysop 4875 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Kilometres per hour MediaWiki:Exif-gpsspeed-m 1298 sysop 4876 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Miles per hour MediaWiki:Exif-gpsspeed-n 1299 sysop 4877 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Knots MediaWiki:Exif-gpsspeedref 1300 sysop 4878 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Speed unit MediaWiki:Exif-gpsstatus 1301 sysop 4879 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Receiver status MediaWiki:Exif-gpsstatus-a 1302 sysop 4880 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Measurement in progress MediaWiki:Exif-gpsstatus-v 1303 sysop 4881 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Measurement interoperability MediaWiki:Exif-gpstimestamp 1304 sysop 4882 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default GPS time (atomic clock) MediaWiki:Exif-gpstrack 1305 sysop 4883 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Direction of movement MediaWiki:Exif-gpstrackref 1306 sysop 4884 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Reference for direction of movement MediaWiki:Exif-gpsversionid 1307 sysop 4885 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default GPS tag version MediaWiki:Exif-imagedescription 1308 sysop 4886 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Image title MediaWiki:Exif-imagelength 1309 sysop 4887 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Height MediaWiki:Exif-imageuniqueid 1310 sysop 4888 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Unique image ID MediaWiki:Exif-imagewidth 1311 sysop 4889 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Width MediaWiki:Exif-isospeedratings 1312 sysop 4890 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default ISO speed rating MediaWiki:Exif-jpeginterchangeformat 1313 sysop 4891 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Offset to JPEG SOI MediaWiki:Exif-jpeginterchangeformatlength 1314 sysop 4892 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Bytes of JPEG data MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource 1315 sysop 4893 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Light source MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-0 1316 sysop 4894 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Unknown MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-1 1317 sysop 4895 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Daylight MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-10 1318 sysop 4896 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Clody weather 6818 2005-11-09T22:45:13Z MediaWiki default Cloudy weather MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-11 1319 sysop 4897 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Shade MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-12 1320 sysop 4898 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Daylight fluorescent (D 5700 – 7100K) MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-13 1321 sysop 4899 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Day white fluorescent (N 4600 – 5400K) MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-14 1322 sysop 4900 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Cool white fluorescent (W 3900 – 4500K) MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-15 1323 sysop 4901 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default White fluorescent (WW 3200 – 3700K) MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-17 1324 sysop 4902 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Standard light A MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-18 1325 sysop 4903 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Standard light B MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-19 1326 sysop 4904 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Standard light C MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-2 1327 sysop 4905 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Fluorescent MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-20 1328 sysop 4906 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default D55 MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-21 1329 sysop 4907 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default D65 MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-22 1330 sysop 4908 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default D75 MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-23 1331 sysop 4909 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default D50 MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-24 1332 sysop 4910 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default ISO studio tungsten MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-255 1333 sysop 4911 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Other light source MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-3 1334 sysop 4912 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Tungsten (incandescent light) MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-4 1335 sysop 4913 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Flash MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-9 1336 sysop 4914 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Fine weather MediaWiki:Exif-make 1337 sysop 4915 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Camera manufacturer MediaWiki:Exif-make-value 1338 sysop 4916 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default $1 MediaWiki:Exif-makernote 1339 sysop 4917 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Manufacturer notes MediaWiki:Exif-maxaperturevalue 1340 sysop 4918 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Maximum land aperture MediaWiki:Exif-meteringmode 1341 sysop 4919 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Metering mode MediaWiki:Exif-meteringmode-0 1342 sysop 4920 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Unknown MediaWiki:Exif-meteringmode-1 1343 sysop 4921 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Average MediaWiki:Exif-meteringmode-2 1344 sysop 4922 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default CenterWeightedAverage MediaWiki:Exif-meteringmode-255 1345 sysop 4923 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Other MediaWiki:Exif-meteringmode-3 1346 sysop 4924 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Spot MediaWiki:Exif-meteringmode-4 1347 sysop 4925 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default MultiSpot MediaWiki:Exif-meteringmode-5 1348 sysop 4926 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Pattern MediaWiki:Exif-meteringmode-6 1349 sysop 4927 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Partial MediaWiki:Exif-model 1350 sysop 4928 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Camera model MediaWiki:Exif-model-value 1351 sysop 4929 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default $1 MediaWiki:Exif-oecf 1352 sysop 4930 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Optoelectronic conversion factor MediaWiki:Exif-orientation 1353 sysop 4931 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Orientation MediaWiki:Exif-orientation-1 1354 sysop 4932 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Normal MediaWiki:Exif-orientation-2 1355 sysop 4933 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Flipped horizontally MediaWiki:Exif-orientation-3 1356 sysop 4934 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Rotated 180° MediaWiki:Exif-orientation-4 1357 sysop 4935 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Flipped vertically MediaWiki:Exif-orientation-5 1358 sysop 4936 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Rotated 90° CCW and flipped vertically MediaWiki:Exif-orientation-6 1359 sysop 4937 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Roatated 90° CW 5780 2005-07-29T10:52:02Z MediaWiki default Rotated 90° CW MediaWiki:Exif-orientation-7 1360 sysop 4938 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Roateted 90° CW and flipped vertically 5781 2005-07-29T10:52:02Z MediaWiki default Rotated 90° CW and flipped vertically MediaWiki:Exif-orientation-8 1361 sysop 4939 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Rotated 90° CCW MediaWiki:Exif-photometricinterpretation 1362 sysop 4940 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Pixel composition MediaWiki:Exif-photometricinterpretation-1 1363 sysop 4941 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default RGB MediaWiki:Exif-photometricinterpretation-6 1364 sysop 4942 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default YCbCr MediaWiki:Exif-pixelxdimension 1365 sysop 4943 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Valind image height 8547 2006-07-01T18:57:57Z MediaWiki default Valid image height MediaWiki:Exif-pixelydimension 1366 sysop 4944 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Valid image width MediaWiki:Exif-planarconfiguration 1367 sysop 4945 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Data arrangement MediaWiki:Exif-planarconfiguration-1 1368 sysop 4946 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default chunky format MediaWiki:Exif-planarconfiguration-2 1369 sysop 4947 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default planar format MediaWiki:Exif-primarychromaticities 1370 sysop 4948 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Chromaticities of primarities MediaWiki:Exif-referenceblackwhite 1371 sysop 4949 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Pair of black and white reference values MediaWiki:Exif-relatedsoundfile 1372 sysop 4950 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Related audio file MediaWiki:Exif-resolutionunit 1373 sysop 4951 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Unit of X and Y resolution MediaWiki:Exif-resolutionunit-2 1374 sysop 4952 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default inches MediaWiki:Exif-resolutionunit-3 1375 sysop 4953 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default centimetres MediaWiki:Exif-rowsperstrip 1376 sysop 4954 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Number of rows per strip MediaWiki:Exif-samplesperpixel 1377 sysop 4955 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Number of components MediaWiki:Exif-saturation 1378 sysop 4956 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Saturation MediaWiki:Exif-saturation-0 1379 sysop 4957 2005-07-03T13:06:23Z MediaWiki default Normal MediaWiki:Exif-saturation-1 1380 sysop 4958 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Low saturation MediaWiki:Exif-saturation-2 1381 sysop 4959 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default High saturation MediaWiki:Exif-scenecapturetype 1382 sysop 4960 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Scene capture type MediaWiki:Exif-scenecapturetype-0 1383 sysop 4961 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Standard MediaWiki:Exif-scenecapturetype-1 1384 sysop 4962 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Landscape MediaWiki:Exif-scenecapturetype-2 1385 sysop 4963 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Portrait MediaWiki:Exif-scenecapturetype-3 1386 sysop 4964 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Night scene MediaWiki:Exif-scenetype 1387 sysop 4965 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Scene type MediaWiki:Exif-scenetype-1 1388 sysop 4966 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default A directly photographed image MediaWiki:Exif-sensingmethod 1389 sysop 4967 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Sensing method MediaWiki:Exif-sensingmethod-1 1390 sysop 4968 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Undefined MediaWiki:Exif-sensingmethod-2 1391 sysop 4969 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default One-chip color area sensor MediaWiki:Exif-sensingmethod-3 1392 sysop 4970 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Two-chip color area sensor MediaWiki:Exif-sensingmethod-4 1393 sysop 4971 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Three-chip color area sensor MediaWiki:Exif-sensingmethod-5 1394 sysop 4972 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Color sequential area sensor MediaWiki:Exif-sensingmethod-7 1395 sysop 4973 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Trilinear sensor MediaWiki:Exif-sensingmethod-8 1396 sysop 4974 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Color sequential linear sensor MediaWiki:Exif-sharpness 1397 sysop 4975 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Sharpness MediaWiki:Exif-sharpness-0 1398 sysop 4976 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Normal MediaWiki:Exif-sharpness-1 1399 sysop 4977 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Soft MediaWiki:Exif-sharpness-2 1400 sysop 4978 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Hard MediaWiki:Exif-shutterspeedvalue 1401 sysop 4979 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Shutter speed MediaWiki:Exif-software 1402 sysop 4980 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Software used MediaWiki:Exif-software-value 1403 sysop 4981 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default $1 MediaWiki:Exif-spatialfrequencyresponse 1404 sysop 4982 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Spatial frequency response MediaWiki:Exif-spectralsensitivity 1405 sysop 4983 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Spectral sensitivity MediaWiki:Exif-stripbytecounts 1406 sysop 4984 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Bytes per compressed strip MediaWiki:Exif-stripoffsets 1407 sysop 4985 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Image data location MediaWiki:Exif-subjectarea 1408 sysop 4986 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Subject area MediaWiki:Exif-subjectdistance 1409 sysop 4987 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Subject distance MediaWiki:Exif-subjectdistancerange 1410 sysop 4988 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Subject distance range MediaWiki:Exif-subjectdistancerange-0 1411 sysop 4989 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Unknown MediaWiki:Exif-subjectdistancerange-1 1412 sysop 4990 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Macro MediaWiki:Exif-subjectdistancerange-2 1413 sysop 4991 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Close view 8064 2006-04-25T09:40:52Z Bombo 12 close > kokanga kokanga view MediaWiki:Exif-subjectdistancerange-3 1414 sysop 4992 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Distant view MediaWiki:Exif-subjectlocation 1415 sysop 4993 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Subject location MediaWiki:Exif-subsectime 1416 sysop 4994 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default DateTime subseconds MediaWiki:Exif-subsectimedigitized 1417 sysop 4995 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default DateTimeDigitized subseconds MediaWiki:Exif-subsectimeoriginal 1418 sysop 4996 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default DateTimeOriginal subseconds MediaWiki:Exif-transferfunction 1419 sysop 4997 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Transfer function MediaWiki:Exif-usercomment 1420 sysop 4998 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default User comments MediaWiki:Exif-whitebalance 1421 sysop 4999 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default White Balance MediaWiki:Exif-whitebalance-0 1422 sysop 5000 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Auto white balance MediaWiki:Exif-whitebalance-1 1423 sysop 5001 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Manual white balance MediaWiki:Exif-whitepoint 1424 sysop 5002 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default White point chromaticity MediaWiki:Exif-xresolution 1425 sysop 5003 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Image resolution in width direction 5783 2005-07-29T10:52:02Z MediaWiki default Horizontal resolution MediaWiki:Exif-ycbcrcoefficients 1426 sysop 5004 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Color space transformation matrix coefficients MediaWiki:Exif-ycbcrpositioning 1427 sysop 5005 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Y and C positioning MediaWiki:Exif-ycbcrsubsampling 1428 sysop 5006 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Subsampling ratio of Y to C MediaWiki:Exif-yresolution 1429 sysop 5007 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Image resolution in height direction 5786 2005-07-29T10:52:02Z MediaWiki default Vertical resolution MediaWiki:Externaldberror 1430 sysop 5009 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default There was either an external authentication database error or you are not allowed to update your external account. MediaWiki:Fileinfo 1431 sysop 5010 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default $1KB, MIME type: <code>$2</code> MediaWiki:Files 1432 sysop 5011 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Files MediaWiki:Group-admin-desc 1433 sysop 5014 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Trusted users able to block users and delete articles MediaWiki:Group-admin-name 1434 sysop 5015 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Administrator MediaWiki:Group-anon-desc 1435 sysop 5016 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Anonymous users MediaWiki:Group-anon-name 1436 sysop 5017 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Anonymous MediaWiki:Group-bureaucrat-desc 1437 sysop 5018 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default The bureaucrat group is able to make sysops MediaWiki:Group-bureaucrat-name 1438 sysop 5019 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Bureaucrat MediaWiki:Group-loggedin-desc 1439 sysop 5020 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default General logged in users MediaWiki:Group-loggedin-name 1440 sysop 5021 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default User MediaWiki:Group-steward-desc 1441 sysop 5022 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Full access MediaWiki:Group-steward-name 1442 sysop 5023 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Steward MediaWiki:Grouprightspheading 1443 sysop 5024 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default grouprights level MediaWiki:Groups 1444 sysop 5025 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default User groups MediaWiki:Groups-addgroup 1445 sysop 5026 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Add group MediaWiki:Groups-already-exists 1446 sysop 5027 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default A group of that name already exists MediaWiki:Groups-editgroup 1447 sysop 5028 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Edit group MediaWiki:Groups-editgroup-description 1448 sysop 5029 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Group description (max 255 characters):<br /> MediaWiki:Groups-editgroup-name 1449 sysop 5030 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Group name: MediaWiki:Groups-editgroup-preamble 1450 sysop 5031 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default If the name or description starts with a colon, the remainder will be treated as a message name, and hence the text will be localised using the MediaWiki namespace MediaWiki:Groups-existing 1451 sysop 5032 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Existing groups MediaWiki:Groups-group-edit 1452 sysop 5033 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Existing groups: MediaWiki:Groups-lookup-group 1453 sysop 5034 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Manage group rights MediaWiki:Groups-noname 1454 sysop 5035 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Please specify a valid group name MediaWiki:Groups-tableheader 1455 sysop 5036 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default ID || Name || Description || Rights MediaWiki:Histfirst 1456 sysop 5037 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Earliest MediaWiki:Histlast 1457 sysop 5038 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Latest MediaWiki:Imagelistall 1458 sysop 5041 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default all MediaWiki:Immobile namespace 1459 sysop 5045 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Destination title is of a special type; cannot move pages into that namespace. 9585 2006-10-25T19:01:03Z MediaWiki default 90 Source or destination title is of a special type; cannot move pages from and into that namespace. MediaWiki:Importinterwiki 1460 sysop 5046 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Transwiki import MediaWiki:Importnosources 1461 sysop 5047 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default No transwiki import sources have been defined and direct history uploads are disabled. MediaWiki:Invalidemailaddress 1462 sysop 5048 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default The email address cannot be accepted as it appears to have an invalid format. Please enter a well-formatted address or empty that field. 7088 2005-12-02T02:29:54Z MediaWiki default The e-mail address cannot be accepted as it appears to have an invalid format. Please enter a well-formatted address or empty that field. MediaWiki:Invert 1463 sysop 5049 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Invert selection MediaWiki:Ipadressorusername 1464 sysop 5051 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default IP Address or username MediaWiki:Ipboptions 1465 sysop 5052 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default 2 hours,1 day,3 days,1 week,2 weeks,1 month,3 months,6 months,1 year,infinite 5790 2005-07-29T10:52:03Z MediaWiki default 2 hours:2 hours,1 day:1 day,3 days:3 days,1 week:1 week,2 weeks:2 weeks,1 month:1 month,3 months:3 months,6 months:6 months,1 year:1 year,infinite:infinite MediaWiki:Ipbother 1466 sysop 5053 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default Other time MediaWiki:Ipbotheroption 1467 sysop 5054 2005-07-03T13:06:24Z MediaWiki default other MediaWiki:Mediawarning 1468 sysop 5065 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default '''Warning''': This file may contain malicious code, by executing it your system may be compromised. <hr> 8593 2006-07-01T18:57:58Z MediaWiki default '''Warning''': This file may contain malicious code, by executing it your system may be compromised.<hr /> MediaWiki:Metadata 1469 sysop 5066 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default Metadata MediaWiki:Metadata page 1470 sysop 5067 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia:Metadata MediaWiki:Movelogpage 1471 sysop 5070 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default Move log MediaWiki:Movelogpagetext 1472 sysop 5071 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of page moved. MediaWiki:Movereason 1473 sysop 5074 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default Reason MediaWiki:Namespace 1474 sysop 5075 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default Namespace: MediaWiki:Noemailprefs 1475 sysop 5077 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default <strong>No email address has been specified</strong>, the following features will not work. 6840 2005-11-09T22:45:14Z MediaWiki default <strong>Specify an email address for these features to work.</strong> 7094 2005-12-02T02:29:55Z MediaWiki default <strong>Specify an e-mail address for these features to work.</strong> 8602 2006-07-01T18:57:58Z MediaWiki default Specify an e-mail address for these features to work. MediaWiki:Noimage 1476 sysop 5079 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default No file by this name exists, you can [$1 upload it] 6125 2005-09-05T09:37:06Z MediaWiki default No file by this name exists, you can $1. MediaWiki:Number of watching users RCview 1477 sysop 5082 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default [$1] MediaWiki:Number of watching users pageview 1478 sysop 5083 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default [$1 watching user/s] MediaWiki:Passwordtooshort 1479 sysop 5084 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default Your password is too short. It must have at least $1 characters. MediaWiki:Prefs-help-email 1480 sysop 5085 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default ² Email (optional): Enables others to contact you through your user or user_talk page without the need of revealing your identity. 5800 2005-07-29T10:52:03Z MediaWiki default * Email (optional): Enables others to contact you through your user or user_talk page without the need of revealing your identity. 7098 2005-12-02T02:29:55Z MediaWiki default * E-mail (optional): Enables others to contact you through your user or user_talk page without the need of revealing your identity. 8613 2006-07-01T18:57:58Z MediaWiki default * E-mail (optional): Enables others to contact you through your user or user_talk page without needing to reveal your identity. MediaWiki:Prefs-help-email-enotif 1481 sysop 5086 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default This address is also used to send you email notifications if you enabled the options. 7099 2005-12-02T02:29:55Z MediaWiki default This address is also used to send you e-mail notifications if you enabled the options. MediaWiki:Prefs-help-realname 1482 sysop 5087 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default ¹ Real name (optional): if you choose to provide it this will be used for giving you attribution for your work. 5801 2005-07-29T10:52:04Z MediaWiki default * Real name (optional): if you choose to provide it this will be used for giving you attribution for your work. MediaWiki:Print 1483 sysop 5092 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default Print 8057 2006-04-25T09:27:15Z Bombo 12 kobimisa nkomá kobimisa nkomá MediaWiki:Recentchangesall 1484 sysop 5098 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default all MediaWiki:Renamegrouplogentry 1485 sysop 5100 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default Renamed group $2 to $3 MediaWiki:Restrictedpheading 1486 sysop 5102 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default Restricted special pages MediaWiki:Revertmove 1487 sysop 5105 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default revert MediaWiki:Scarytranscludedisabled 1488 sysop 5107 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default [Interwiki transcluding is disabled] MediaWiki:Scarytranscludefailed 1489 sysop 5108 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default [Template fetch failed; sorry] 5807 2005-07-29T10:52:04Z MediaWiki default [Template fetch failed for $1; sorry] MediaWiki:Scarytranscludetoolong 1490 sysop 5109 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default [URL is too long; sorry] MediaWiki:Searchfulltext 1491 sysop 5111 2005-07-03T13:06:25Z MediaWiki default Search full text MediaWiki:Selfmove 1492 sysop 5113 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default Source and destination titles are the same; can't move a page over itself. MediaWiki:Setstewardflag 1493 sysop 5115 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default Set steward flag MediaWiki:Shareduploadwiki 1494 sysop 5117 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default Please see the [$1 file description page] for further information. 6135 2005-09-05T09:37:07Z MediaWiki default Please see the $1 for further information. MediaWiki:Showdiff 1495 sysop 5118 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default Show changes MediaWiki:Sidebar 1496 sysop 5120 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default * navigation ** mainpage|mainpage ** portal-url|portal ** currentevents-url|currentevents ** recentchanges-url|recentchanges ** randompage-url|randompage ** helppage|help ** sitesupport-url|sitesupport 5809 2005-07-29T10:52:04Z MediaWiki default * navigation ** mainpage|mainpage ** portal-url|portal ** currentevents-url|currentevents ** recentchanges-url|recentchanges ** randompage-url|randompage ** helppage|help ** sitesupport-url|sitesupport 6019 2005-08-19T23:24:05Z MediaWiki default * navigation ** mainpage|mainpage ** portal-url|portal ** currentevents-url|currentevents ** recentchanges-url|recentchanges ** randompage-url|randompage ** helppage|help ** sitesupport-url|sitesupport 6139 2005-09-05T09:37:08Z MediaWiki default * navigation ** mainpage|mainpage ** portal-url|portal ** currentevents-url|currentevents ** recentchanges-url|recentchanges ** randompage-url|randompage ** helppage|help ** sitesupport-url|sitesupport 6853 2005-11-09T22:45:16Z MediaWiki default * navigation ** mainpage|mainpage ** portal-url|portal ** currentevents-url|currentevents ** recentchanges-url|recentchanges ** randompage-url|randompage ** helppage|help ** sitesupport-url|sitesupport 7067 2005-11-29T21:17:27Z MediaWiki default * navigation ** mainpage|mainpage ** portal-url|portal ** currentevents-url|currentevents ** recentchanges-url|recentchanges ** randompage-url|randompage ** helppage|help ** sitesupport-url|sitesupport 7100 2005-12-02T02:29:55Z MediaWiki default * navigation ** mainpage|mainpage ** portal-url|portal ** currentevents-url|currentevents ** recentchanges-url|recentchanges ** randompage-url|randompage ** helppage|help ** sitesupport-url|sitesupport 7126 2005-12-02T04:04:52Z MediaWiki default * navigation ** mainpage|mainpage ** portal-url|portal ** currentevents-url|currentevents ** recentchanges-url|recentchanges ** randompage-url|randompage ** helppage|help ** sitesupport-url|sitesupport MediaWiki:Sourcefilename 1497 sysop 5122 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default Source filename MediaWiki:Thumbsize 1498 sysop 5124 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default Thumbnail size : 6020 2005-08-19T23:24:05Z MediaWiki default Thumbnail size: 6140 2005-09-05T09:37:08Z MediaWiki default Thumbnail size: 6855 2005-11-09T22:45:16Z MediaWiki default Thumbnail size: 7068 2005-11-29T21:17:27Z MediaWiki default Thumbnail size: 7102 2005-12-02T02:29:56Z MediaWiki default Thumbnail size: 7127 2005-12-02T04:04:52Z MediaWiki default Thumbnail size: 7434 2005-12-22T07:25:05Z MediaWiki default Thumbnail size: 7462 2006-01-01T13:40:13Z MediaWiki default Thumbnail size: MediaWiki:Tog-enotifminoredits 1499 sysop 5127 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default Send me an email also for minor edits of pages 6856 2005-11-09T22:45:16Z MediaWiki default Email me also for minor edits of pages 7103 2005-12-02T02:29:56Z MediaWiki default E-mail me also for minor edits of pages MediaWiki:Tog-enotifrevealaddr 1500 sysop 5128 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default Reveal my email address in notification mails 7104 2005-12-02T02:29:56Z MediaWiki default Reveal my e-mail address in notification mails MediaWiki:Tog-enotifusertalkpages 1501 sysop 5129 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default Send me an email when my user talk page is changed 6857 2005-11-09T22:45:16Z MediaWiki default Email me when my user talk page is changed 7105 2005-12-02T02:29:56Z MediaWiki default E-mail me when my user talk page is changed MediaWiki:Tog-enotifwatchlistpages 1502 sysop 5130 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default Send me an email on page changes 6858 2005-11-09T22:45:17Z MediaWiki default Email me on page changes 7106 2005-12-02T02:29:56Z MediaWiki default E-mail me on page changes 8648 2006-07-01T18:57:59Z MediaWiki default E-mail me when a page I'm watching is changed MediaWiki:Tog-externaldiff 1503 sysop 5131 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default Use external diff by default MediaWiki:Tog-externaleditor 1504 sysop 5132 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default Use external editor by default MediaWiki:Tog-shownumberswatching 1505 sysop 5135 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default Show the number of watching users MediaWiki:Tooltip-diff 1506 sysop 5138 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default Show which changes you made to the text. [alt-d] 8652 2006-07-01T18:57:59Z MediaWiki default Show which changes you made to the text. [alt-v] MediaWiki:Tryexact 1507 sysop 5139 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default Try exact match MediaWiki:Undelete short1 1508 sysop 5140 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default Undelete one edit MediaWiki:Upload directory read only 1509 sysop 5144 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default The upload directory ($1) is not writable by the webserver. MediaWiki:Uploadnewversion 1510 sysop 5146 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default [$1 Upload a new version of this file] MediaWiki:Uploadscripted 1511 sysop 5148 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default This file contains HTML or script code that my be erroneously be interpreted by a web browser. 7919 2006-03-28T06:12:42Z MediaWiki default This file contains HTML or script code that may be erroneously be interpreted by a web browser. MediaWiki:Uploadvirus 1512 sysop 5149 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default The file contains a virus! Details: $1 MediaWiki:Userrights 1513 sysop 5150 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default User rights management MediaWiki:Userrights-editusergroup 1514 sysop 5151 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default Edit user groups MediaWiki:Userrights-groupsavailable 1515 sysop 5152 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default Available groups: MediaWiki:Userrights-groupshelp 1516 sysop 5153 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default Select groups you want the user to be removed from or added to. Unselected groups will not be changed. You can deselect a group with CTRL + Left Click MediaWiki:Userrights-groupsmember 1517 sysop 5154 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default Member of: MediaWiki:Userrights-logcomment 1518 sysop 5155 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default Changed group membership from $1 to $2 MediaWiki:Userrights-lookup-user 1519 sysop 5156 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default Manage user groups MediaWiki:Userrights-user-editname 1520 sysop 5157 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default Enter a username: 5831 2005-07-29T10:52:05Z MediaWiki default Enter a username: 6025 2005-08-19T23:24:05Z MediaWiki default Enter a username: 6148 2005-09-05T09:37:08Z MediaWiki default Enter a username: 6868 2005-11-09T22:45:19Z MediaWiki default Enter a username: 7074 2005-11-29T21:17:27Z MediaWiki default Enter a username: 7113 2005-12-02T02:29:56Z MediaWiki default Enter a username: 7133 2005-12-02T04:04:52Z MediaWiki default Enter a username: 7438 2005-12-22T07:25:05Z MediaWiki default Enter a username: 7465 2006-01-01T13:40:13Z MediaWiki default Enter a username: MediaWiki:Val add 1521 sysop 5159 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default Add MediaWiki:Val del 1522 sysop 5161 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default Delete 6505 2005-10-14T11:10:50Z Bombo 12 Kozíma MediaWiki:Val details th 1523 sysop 5162 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default <sub>User</sub> \ <sup>Topic</sup> MediaWiki:Val details th user 1524 sysop 5163 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default User $1 MediaWiki:Val iamsure 1525 sysop 5165 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default Check this box if you really mean it! MediaWiki:Val list header 1526 sysop 5166 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default <th>#</th><th>Topic</th><th>Range</th><th>Action</th> MediaWiki:Val my stats title 1527 sysop 5167 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default My validation overview MediaWiki:Val no 1528 sysop 5168 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default No 6415 2005-10-09T15:53:27Z Moyogo 11 No Tɛ̂ Tɛ̂ 7159 2005-12-03T23:04:56Z Moyogo 11 Tɛ́ MediaWiki:Val of 1529 sysop 5169 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default $1 of $2 MediaWiki:Val rev for 1530 sysop 5170 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default Revisions for $1 MediaWiki:Val rev stats link 1531 sysop 5171 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default See the validation statistics for "$1" <a href="$2">here</a> MediaWiki:Val revision 1532 sysop 5172 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default Revision MediaWiki:Val revision changes ok 1533 sysop 5173 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default Your ratings have been stored! MediaWiki:Val revision number 1534 sysop 5174 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default Revision #$1 MediaWiki:Val revision of 1535 sysop 5175 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default Revision of $1 MediaWiki:Val revision stats link 1536 sysop 5176 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default details MediaWiki:Val show my ratings 1537 sysop 5177 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default Show my validations MediaWiki:Val time 1538 sysop 5178 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default Time MediaWiki:Val topic desc page 1539 sysop 5179 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default Project:Validation topics MediaWiki:Val user stats title 1540 sysop 5180 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default Validation overview of user $1 MediaWiki:Val validation of 1541 sysop 5181 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default Validation of "$1" MediaWiki:Val votepage intro 1542 sysop 5183 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default Change this text <a href="{{SERVER}}{{localurl:MediaWiki:Val_votepage_intro}}">here</a>! MediaWiki:Val warning 1543 sysop 5184 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default <b>Never, <i>ever</i>, change something here without <i>explicit</i> community consensus!</b> MediaWiki:Val yes 1544 sysop 5185 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default Yes 6416 2005-10-09T15:54:38Z Moyogo 11 Yes -> Ɛɛ Ɛɛ MediaWiki:Variantname-is 1545 sysop 5186 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default is MediaWiki:Variantname-iz 1546 sysop 5187 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default iz MediaWiki:Versionrequired 1547 sysop 5188 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default Version $1 of MediaWiki required MediaWiki:Versionrequiredtext 1548 sysop 5189 2005-07-03T13:06:26Z MediaWiki default Version $1 of MediaWiki is required to use this page. See [[Special:Version]] MediaWiki:Views 1549 sysop 5190 2005-07-03T13:06:27Z MediaWiki default Views MediaWiki:Watchlistall1 1550 sysop 5193 2005-07-03T13:06:27Z MediaWiki default all MediaWiki:Watchlistall2 1551 sysop 5194 2005-07-03T13:06:27Z MediaWiki default all MediaWiki:Wlheader-enotif 1552 sysop 5196 2005-07-03T13:06:27Z MediaWiki default * Email notification is enabled. 7115 2005-12-02T02:29:57Z MediaWiki default * E-mail notification is enabled. MediaWiki:Wlheader-showupdated 1553 sysop 5197 2005-07-03T13:06:27Z MediaWiki default * Pages which have been changed since you last visited them are shown in '''bold''' MediaWiki:Wlhide 1554 sysop 5198 2005-07-03T13:06:27Z MediaWiki default Hide 6413 2005-10-09T15:48:05Z Moyogo 11 Hide -> kobómba Kobómba MediaWiki:Wlhideshowown 1555 sysop 5199 2005-07-03T13:06:27Z MediaWiki default $1 my edits. 8682 2006-07-01T18:57:59Z MediaWiki default $1 my edits MediaWiki:Wlshow 1556 sysop 5200 2005-07-03T13:06:27Z MediaWiki default Show 6412 2005-10-09T15:46:27Z Moyogo 11 show -> komónisa komónisa MediaWiki:Yourdomainname 1557 sysop 5202 2005-07-03T13:06:27Z MediaWiki default Your domain Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki 1558 5222 2005-07-11T01:07:44Z 199.8.238.219 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kongo-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasia - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Mboka-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[Bɛ́ljika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Voir: [[État indépendant du Congo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' fut entre [[1971]] et [[1999]] le nom porté par l'actuelle [[République démocratique du Congo]], ainsi que par sa monnaie et par le fleuve qui donne au pays son seul accès à l'océan Atlantique Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Ancien nom!!Nom congolais |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Biteni bya Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Biteni bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]]) # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasai-Occidental]] # [[Kasai-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinsasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nor-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politique == ''Article détaillé : [[Politique de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Présidents : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Premiers ministres : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Provinces == ''Article détaillé : [[Provinces de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {|align=center style="text-align:center" | # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] | [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|250px]] |} == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Culture == ''Article détaillé : [[Culture de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nom français}} !! {{nwt|Nom local}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Voir aussi== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Pays du monde]] * [[Afrique]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.rdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5226 2005-07-11T01:27:57Z 199.8.238.219 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasia - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Mboka-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[Bɛ́ljika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Voir: [[État indépendant du Congo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' fut entre [[1971]] et [[1999]] le nom porté par l'actuelle [[République démocratique du Congo]], ainsi que par sa monnaie et par le fleuve qui donne au pays son seul accès à l'océan Atlantique Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Ancien nom!!Nom congolais |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Biteni bya Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Biteni bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]]) # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasai-Occidental]] # [[Kasai-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinsasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nor-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politique == ''Article détaillé : [[Politique de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Présidents : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Premiers ministres : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Provinces == ''Article détaillé : [[Provinces de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {|align=center style="text-align:center" | # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] | [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|250px]] |} == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Culture == ''Article détaillé : [[Culture de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nom français}} !! {{nwt|Nom local}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Voir aussi== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Pays du monde]] * [[Afrique]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.rdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5244 2005-07-11T01:58:44Z Themalau 22 /* Biteni bya Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasia - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Mboka-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[Bɛ́ljika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Voir: [[État indépendant du Congo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' fut entre [[1971]] et [[1999]] le nom porté par l'actuelle [[République démocratique du Congo]], ainsi que par sa monnaie et par le fleuve qui donne au pays son seul accès à l'océan Atlantique Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Ancien nom!!Nom congolais |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Biteni bya Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Biteni bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]]) # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nor-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politique == ''Article détaillé : [[Politique de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Présidents : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Premiers ministres : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Provinces == ''Article détaillé : [[Provinces de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {|align=center style="text-align:center" | # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] | [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|250px]] |} == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Culture == ''Article détaillé : [[Culture de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nom français}} !! {{nwt|Nom local}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Voir aussi== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Pays du monde]] * [[Afrique]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.rdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5245 2005-07-11T01:59:03Z Themalau 22 /* Biteni bya Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasia - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Mboka-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[Bɛ́ljika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Voir: [[État indépendant du Congo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' fut entre [[1971]] et [[1999]] le nom porté par l'actuelle [[République démocratique du Congo]], ainsi que par sa monnaie et par le fleuve qui donne au pays son seul accès à l'océan Atlantique Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Ancien nom!!Nom congolais |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Biteni bya Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Biteni bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]]) # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politique == ''Article détaillé : [[Politique de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Présidents : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Premiers ministres : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Provinces == ''Article détaillé : [[Provinces de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {|align=center style="text-align:center" | # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] | [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|250px]] |} == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Culture == ''Article détaillé : [[Culture de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nom français}} !! {{nwt|Nom local}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Voir aussi== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Pays du monde]] * [[Afrique]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.rdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5248 2005-07-11T06:36:57Z 199.8.238.219 /* Biteni bya Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasia - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Mboka-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[Bɛ́ljika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Voir: [[État indépendant du Congo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' fut entre [[1971]] et [[1999]] le nom porté par l'actuelle [[République démocratique du Congo]], ainsi que par sa monnaie et par le fleuve qui donne au pays son seul accès à l'océan Atlantique Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Ancien nom!!Nom congolais |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Biteni bya Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Biteni bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politique == ''Article détaillé : [[Politique de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Présidents : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Premiers ministres : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Provinces == ''Article détaillé : [[Provinces de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {|align=center style="text-align:center" | # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] | [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|250px]] |} == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Culture == ''Article détaillé : [[Culture de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nom français}} !! {{nwt|Nom local}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Voir aussi== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Pays du monde]] * [[Afrique]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.rdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5251 2005-07-11T07:36:52Z 199.8.238.219 /* Biteni bya Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasia - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Mboka-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[Bɛ́ljika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Voir: [[État indépendant du Congo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' fut entre [[1971]] et [[1999]] le nom porté par l'actuelle [[République démocratique du Congo]], ainsi que par sa monnaie et par le fleuve qui donne au pays son seul accès à l'océan Atlantique Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Ancien nom!!Nom congolais |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Biteni bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politique == ''Article détaillé : [[Politique de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Présidents : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Premiers ministres : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Provinces == ''Article détaillé : [[Provinces de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {|align=center style="text-align:center" | # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] | [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|250px]] |} == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Culture == ''Article détaillé : [[Culture de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nom français}} !! {{nwt|Nom local}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Voir aussi== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Pays du monde]] * [[Afrique]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.rdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5252 2005-07-11T07:37:18Z 199.8.238.219 /* Ba Provinsi bya Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasia - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Mboka-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[Bɛ́ljika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Voir: [[État indépendant du Congo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' fut entre [[1971]] et [[1999]] le nom porté par l'actuelle [[République démocratique du Congo]], ainsi que par sa monnaie et par le fleuve qui donne au pays son seul accès à l'océan Atlantique Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Ancien nom!!Nom congolais |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politique == ''Article détaillé : [[Politique de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Présidents : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Premiers ministres : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Provinces == ''Article détaillé : [[Provinces de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {|align=center style="text-align:center" | # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] | [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|250px]] |} == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Culture == ''Article détaillé : [[Culture de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nom français}} !! {{nwt|Nom local}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Voir aussi== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Pays du monde]] * [[Afrique]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.rdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5253 2005-07-11T07:37:59Z 199.8.238.219 /* Ba Provinsi bya Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasia - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Mboka-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[Bɛ́ljika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Voir: [[État indépendant du Congo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' fut entre [[1971]] et [[1999]] le nom porté par l'actuelle [[République démocratique du Congo]], ainsi que par sa monnaie et par le fleuve qui donne au pays son seul accès à l'océan Atlantique Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Ancien nom!!Nom congolais |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kongo Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politique == ''Article détaillé : [[Politique de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Présidents : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Premiers ministres : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Provinces == ''Article détaillé : [[Provinces de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {|align=center style="text-align:center" | # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] | [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|250px]] |} == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Culture == ''Article détaillé : [[Culture de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nom français}} !! {{nwt|Nom local}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Voir aussi== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Pays du monde]] * [[Afrique]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.rdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5258 2005-07-11T07:47:19Z 199.8.238.219 /* Ba Provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kongo Demokratiki */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasia - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Mboka-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[Bɛ́ljika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Voir: [[État indépendant du Congo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' fut entre [[1971]] et [[1999]] le nom porté par l'actuelle [[République démocratique du Congo]], ainsi que par sa monnaie et par le fleuve qui donne au pays son seul accès à l'océan Atlantique Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Ancien nom!!Nom congolais |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politique == ''Article détaillé : [[Politique de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Présidents : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Premiers ministres : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Provinces == ''Article détaillé : [[Provinces de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {|align=center style="text-align:center" | # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] | [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|250px]] |} == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Culture == ''Article détaillé : [[Culture de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nom français}} !! {{nwt|Nom local}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Voir aussi== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Pays du monde]] * [[Afrique]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.rdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5264 2005-07-11T08:03:23Z Themalau 22 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasia - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[Bɛ́ljika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Voir: [[État indépendant du Congo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' fut entre [[1971]] et [[1999]] le nom porté par l'actuelle [[République démocratique du Congo]], ainsi que par sa monnaie et par le fleuve qui donne au pays son seul accès à l'océan Atlantique Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Ancien nom!!Nom congolais |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politique == ''Article détaillé : [[Politique de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Présidents : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Premiers ministres : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Provinces == ''Article détaillé : [[Provinces de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {|align=center style="text-align:center" | # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] | [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|250px]] |} == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Culture == ''Article détaillé : [[Culture de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nom français}} !! {{nwt|Nom local}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Voir aussi== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Pays du monde]] * [[Afrique]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.rdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5265 2005-07-11T08:06:31Z Themalau 22 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Voir: [[État indépendant du Congo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' fut entre [[1971]] et [[1999]] le nom porté par l'actuelle [[République démocratique du Congo]], ainsi que par sa monnaie et par le fleuve qui donne au pays son seul accès à l'océan Atlantique Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Ancien nom!!Nom congolais |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politique == ''Article détaillé : [[Politique de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Présidents : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Premiers ministres : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Provinces == ''Article détaillé : [[Provinces de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {|align=center style="text-align:center" | # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] | [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|250px]] |} == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Culture == ''Article détaillé : [[Culture de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nom français}} !! {{nwt|Nom local}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Voir aussi== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Pays du monde]] * [[Afrique]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.rdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5270 2005-07-11T08:45:55Z Themalau 22 /* Politique */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Voir: [[État indépendant du Congo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' fut entre [[1971]] et [[1999]] le nom porté par l'actuelle [[République démocratique du Congo]], ainsi que par sa monnaie et par le fleuve qui donne au pays son seul accès à l'océan Atlantique Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Ancien nom!!Nom congolais |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki == ''Article détaillé : [[Politiki bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]'' Bakambi-Ekolo : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Bakambi-Bulamatari : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Provinces == ''Article détaillé : [[Provinces de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {|align=center style="text-align:center" | # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] | [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|250px]] |} == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Culture == ''Article détaillé : [[Culture de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nom français}} !! {{nwt|Nom local}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Voir aussi== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Pays du monde]] * [[Afrique]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.rdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5271 2005-07-11T08:47:11Z Themalau 22 /* Politiki */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Voir: [[État indépendant du Congo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' fut entre [[1971]] et [[1999]] le nom porté par l'actuelle [[République démocratique du Congo]], ainsi que par sa monnaie et par le fleuve qui donne au pays son seul accès à l'océan Atlantique Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Ancien nom!!Nom congolais |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == ''Article détaillé : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' Bakambi-Ekolo : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Bakambi-Bulamatari : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Provinces == ''Article détaillé : [[Provinces de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {|align=center style="text-align:center" | # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] | [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|250px]] |} == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Culture == ''Article détaillé : [[Culture de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nom français}} !! {{nwt|Nom local}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Voir aussi== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Pays du monde]] * [[Afrique]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.rdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5277 2005-07-11T09:39:29Z 199.8.238.219 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Voir: [[État indépendant du Congo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' fut entre [[1971]] et [[1999]] le nom porté par l'actuelle [[République démocratique du Congo]], ainsi que par sa monnaie et par le fleuve qui donne au pays son seul accès à l'océan Atlantique Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Ancien nom!!Nom congolais |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == ''Article détaillé : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' Bakambi-Ekolo : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Bakambi-Bulamatari : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Provinces == ''Article détaillé : [[Provinces de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {|align=center style="text-align:center" | # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] | [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|250px]] |} == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Culture == ''Article détaillé : [[Culture de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nom français}} !! {{nwt|Nom local}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Voir aussi== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Pays du monde]] * [[Afrique]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.rdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5278 2005-07-11T09:43:50Z 199.8.238.219 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Voir: [[État indépendant du Congo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' fut entre [[1971]] et [[1999]] le nom porté par l'actuelle [[République démocratique du Congo]], ainsi que par sa monnaie et par le fleuve qui donne au pays son seul accès à l'océan Atlantique Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Ancien nom!!Nom congolais |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == ''Article détaillé : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' Bakambi-Ekolo : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Bakambi-Bulamatari : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Provinces == ''Article détaillé : [[Provinces de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {|align=center style="text-align:center" | # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] | [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|250px]] |} == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Culture == ''Article détaillé : [[Culture de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nom français}} !! {{nwt|Nom local}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Voir aussi== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Pays du monde]] * [[Afrique]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.rdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5279 2005-07-11T09:45:41Z 199.8.238.219 /* [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Voir: [[État indépendant du Congo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' fut entre [[1971]] et [[1999]] le nom porté par l'actuelle [[République démocratique du Congo]], ainsi que par sa monnaie et par le fleuve qui donne au pays son seul accès à l'océan Atlantique Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Ancien nom!!Nom congolais |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == ''Article détaillé : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' Bakambi-Ekolo : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Bakambi-Bulamatari : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Provinces == ''Article détaillé : [[Provinces de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {|align=center style="text-align:center" | # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] | [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|250px]] |} == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Culture == ''Article détaillé : [[Culture de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nom français}} !! {{nwt|Nom local}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Voir aussi== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Pays du monde]] * [[Afrique]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5280 2005-07-11T09:48:08Z 199.8.238.219 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Voir: [[État indépendant du Congo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' fut entre [[1971]] et [[1999]] le nom porté par l'actuelle [[République démocratique du Congo]], ainsi que par sa monnaie et par le fleuve qui donne au pays son seul accès à l'océan Atlantique Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Ancien nom!!Nom congolais |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == ''Article détaillé : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' Bakambi-Ekolo : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Bakambi-Bulamatari : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Culture == ''Article détaillé : [[Culture de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nom français}} !! {{nwt|Nom local}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Voir aussi== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Pays du monde]] * [[Afrique]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5281 2005-07-11T09:49:43Z 199.8.238.219 /* Voir aussi */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Voir: [[État indépendant du Congo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' fut entre [[1971]] et [[1999]] le nom porté par l'actuelle [[République démocratique du Congo]], ainsi que par sa monnaie et par le fleuve qui donne au pays son seul accès à l'océan Atlantique Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Ancien nom!!Nom congolais |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == ''Article détaillé : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' Bakambi-Ekolo : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Bakambi-Bulamatari : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Culture == ''Article détaillé : [[Culture de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nom français}} !! {{nwt|Nom local}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tala mpe== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Pays du monde]] * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5282 2005-07-11T09:51:18Z 199.8.238.219 /* Tala mpe */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Voir: [[État indépendant du Congo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' fut entre [[1971]] et [[1999]] le nom porté par l'actuelle [[République démocratique du Congo]], ainsi que par sa monnaie et par le fleuve qui donne au pays son seul accès à l'océan Atlantique Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Ancien nom!!Nom congolais |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == ''Article détaillé : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' Bakambi-Ekolo : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Bakambi-Bulamatari : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Culture == ''Article détaillé : [[Culture de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nom français}} !! {{nwt|Nom local}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tala mpe== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5283 2005-07-11T09:52:12Z 199.8.238.219 /* Politiki bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Voir: [[État indépendant du Congo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' fut entre [[1971]] et [[1999]] le nom porté par l'actuelle [[République démocratique du Congo]], ainsi que par sa monnaie et par le fleuve qui donne au pays son seul accès à l'océan Atlantique Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Ancien nom!!Nom congolais |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == ''Article détaillé : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' Bakambi Ekolo : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Bakambi Bulamatari : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Culture == ''Article détaillé : [[Culture de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nom français}} !! {{nwt|Nom local}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tala mpe== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5284 2005-07-11T09:52:39Z 199.8.238.219 /* Politiki bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Voir: [[État indépendant du Congo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' fut entre [[1971]] et [[1999]] le nom porté par l'actuelle [[République démocratique du Congo]], ainsi que par sa monnaie et par le fleuve qui donne au pays son seul accès à l'océan Atlantique Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Ancien nom!!Nom congolais |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == ''Article ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' Bakambi Ekolo : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Bakambi Bulamatari : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Culture == ''Article détaillé : [[Culture de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nom français}} !! {{nwt|Nom local}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tala mpe== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5285 2005-07-11T09:53:56Z 199.8.238.219 /* Culture */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Voir: [[État indépendant du Congo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' fut entre [[1971]] et [[1999]] le nom porté par l'actuelle [[République démocratique du Congo]], ainsi que par sa monnaie et par le fleuve qui donne au pays son seul accès à l'océan Atlantique Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Ancien nom!!Nom congolais |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == ''Article ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' Bakambi Ekolo : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Bakambi Bulamatari : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Culture == ''Article ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nom français}} !! {{nwt|Nom local}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tala mpe== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5286 2005-07-11T09:54:22Z 199.8.238.219 /* Culture */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Voir: [[État indépendant du Congo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' fut entre [[1971]] et [[1999]] le nom porté par l'actuelle [[République démocratique du Congo]], ainsi que par sa monnaie et par le fleuve qui donne au pays son seul accès à l'océan Atlantique Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Ancien nom!!Nom congolais |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == ''Article ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' Bakambi Ekolo : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Bakambi Bulamatari : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Culture == ''Article ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nom français}} !! {{nwt|Nom local}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tala mpe== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5291 2005-07-11T10:05:48Z 199.8.238.219 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]]|[[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Voir: [[État indépendant du Congo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' fut entre [[1971]] et [[1999]] le nom porté par l'actuelle [[République démocratique du Congo]], ainsi que par sa monnaie et par le fleuve qui donne au pays son seul accès à l'océan Atlantique Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Ancien nom!!Nom congolais |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == ''Article ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' Bakambi Ekolo : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Bakambi Bulamatari : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Culture == ''Article ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nom français}} !! {{nwt|Nom local}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tala mpe== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5292 2005-07-11T10:06:07Z 199.8.238.219 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]]|[[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Voir: [[État indépendant du Congo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' fut entre [[1971]] et [[1999]] le nom porté par l'actuelle [[République démocratique du Congo]], ainsi que par sa monnaie et par le fleuve qui donne au pays son seul accès à l'océan Atlantique Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Ancien nom!!Nom congolais |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == ''Article ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' Bakambi Ekolo : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Bakambi Bulamatari : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Culture == ''Article ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nom français}} !! {{nwt|Nom local}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tala mpe== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5293 2005-07-11T10:09:14Z 199.8.238.219 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="280px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]]|[[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Voir: [[État indépendant du Congo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' fut entre [[1971]] et [[1999]] le nom porté par l'actuelle [[République démocratique du Congo]], ainsi que par sa monnaie et par le fleuve qui donne au pays son seul accès à l'océan Atlantique Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Ancien nom!!Nom congolais |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == ''Article ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' Bakambi Ekolo : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Bakambi Bulamatari : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Culture == ''Article ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nom français}} !! {{nwt|Nom local}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tala mpe== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5294 2005-07-11T10:10:00Z 199.8.238.219 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="280px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif]]| |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Voir: [[État indépendant du Congo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' fut entre [[1971]] et [[1999]] le nom porté par l'actuelle [[République démocratique du Congo]], ainsi que par sa monnaie et par le fleuve qui donne au pays son seul accès à l'océan Atlantique Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Ancien nom!!Nom congolais |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == ''Article ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' Bakambi Ekolo : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Bakambi Bulamatari : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Culture == ''Article ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nom français}} !! {{nwt|Nom local}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tala mpe== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5295 2005-07-11T10:11:54Z 199.8.238.219 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="280px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]]|[[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba-mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Voir: [[État indépendant du Congo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' fut entre [[1971]] et [[1999]] le nom porté par l'actuelle [[République démocratique du Congo]], ainsi que par sa monnaie et par le fleuve qui donne au pays son seul accès à l'océan Atlantique Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Ancien nom!!Nom congolais |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == ''Article ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' Bakambi Ekolo : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Bakambi Bulamatari : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Culture == ''Article ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nom français}} !! {{nwt|Nom local}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tala mpe== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5296 2005-07-11T10:14:09Z 199.8.238.219 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="280px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]]|[[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Voir: [[État indépendant du Congo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' fut entre [[1971]] et [[1999]] le nom porté par l'actuelle [[République démocratique du Congo]], ainsi que par sa monnaie et par le fleuve qui donne au pays son seul accès à l'océan Atlantique Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Ancien nom!!Nom congolais |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == ''Article ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' Bakambi Ekolo : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Bakambi Bulamatari : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Culture == ''Article ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nom français}} !! {{nwt|Nom local}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tala mpe== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5297 2005-07-11T10:14:54Z 199.8.238.219 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]]|[[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Voir: [[État indépendant du Congo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' fut entre [[1971]] et [[1999]] le nom porté par l'actuelle [[République démocratique du Congo]], ainsi que par sa monnaie et par le fleuve qui donne au pays son seul accès à l'océan Atlantique Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Ancien nom!!Nom congolais |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == ''Article ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' Bakambi Ekolo : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Bakambi Bulamatari : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Culture == ''Article ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nom français}} !! {{nwt|Nom local}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tala mpe== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5298 2005-07-11T10:15:39Z 199.8.238.219 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Voir: [[État indépendant du Congo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' fut entre [[1971]] et [[1999]] le nom porté par l'actuelle [[République démocratique du Congo]], ainsi que par sa monnaie et par le fleuve qui donne au pays son seul accès à l'océan Atlantique Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Ancien nom!!Nom congolais |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == ''Article ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' Bakambi Ekolo : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Bakambi Bulamatari : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Culture == ''Article ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nom français}} !! {{nwt|Nom local}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tala mpe== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5299 2005-07-11T10:17:05Z 199.8.238.219 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails|140px]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails|140px]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Voir: [[État indépendant du Congo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' fut entre [[1971]] et [[1999]] le nom porté par l'actuelle [[République démocratique du Congo]], ainsi que par sa monnaie et par le fleuve qui donne au pays son seul accès à l'océan Atlantique Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Ancien nom!!Nom congolais |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == ''Article ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' Bakambi Ekolo : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Bakambi Bulamatari : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Culture == ''Article ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nom français}} !! {{nwt|Nom local}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tala mpe== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5300 2005-07-11T10:17:57Z 199.8.238.219 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Voir: [[État indépendant du Congo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' fut entre [[1971]] et [[1999]] le nom porté par l'actuelle [[République démocratique du Congo]], ainsi que par sa monnaie et par le fleuve qui donne au pays son seul accès à l'océan Atlantique Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Ancien nom!!Nom congolais |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == ''Article ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' Bakambi Ekolo : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Bakambi Bulamatari : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Culture == ''Article ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nom français}} !! {{nwt|Nom local}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tala mpe== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5301 2005-07-11T10:18:23Z 199.8.238.219 {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' Voir: [[État indépendant du Congo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' fut entre [[1971]] et [[1999]] le nom porté par l'actuelle [[République démocratique du Congo]], ainsi que par sa monnaie et par le fleuve qui donne au pays son seul accès à l'océan Atlantique Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Ancien nom!!Nom congolais |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == ''Article ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' Bakambi Ekolo : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Bakambi Bulamatari : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Culture == ''Article ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nom français}} !! {{nwt|Nom local}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tala mpe== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5306 2005-07-17T22:42:44Z 199.8.238.219 /* Histoire */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Historia ya Kongo-Kinshasa]]'' Tala: [[Ekolo ya Bonsomi ya Kongo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' ezalaki banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkombo oyo ebengamaki [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekolo wana, mpe ebale oyo epesaka ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimeli naye see moko na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Nkombo ya kala!!Nkombo ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == ''Article ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' Bakambi Ekolo : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Bakambi Bulamatari : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Culture == ''Article ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nom français}} !! {{nwt|Nom local}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tala mpe== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5311 2005-07-17T22:53:37Z 199.8.238.219 /* Culture */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Historia ya Kongo-Kinshasa]]'' Tala: [[Ekolo ya Bonsomi ya Kongo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' ezalaki banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkombo oyo ebengamaki [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekolo wana, mpe ebale oyo epesaka ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimeli naye see moko na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Nkombo ya kala!!Nkombo ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == ''Article ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' Bakambi Ekolo : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Bakambi Bulamatari : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Article ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nom français}} !! {{nwt|Nom local}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tala mpe== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5313 2005-07-17T22:57:03Z 199.8.238.219 /* Kiltiri */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Historia ya Kongo-Kinshasa]]'' Tala: [[Ekolo ya Bonsomi ya Kongo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' ezalaki banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkombo oyo ebengamaki [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekolo wana, mpe ebale oyo epesaka ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimeli naye see moko na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Nkombo ya kala!!Nkombo ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == ''Article ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' Bakambi Ekolo : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Bakambi Bulamatari : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Article ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tala mpe== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5314 2005-07-17T22:58:55Z 199.8.238.219 /* Kiltiri */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Historia ya Kongo-Kinshasa]]'' Tala: [[Ekolo ya Bonsomi ya Kongo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' ezalaki banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkombo oyo ebengamaki [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekolo wana, mpe ebale oyo epesaka ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimeli naye see moko na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Nkombo ya kala!!Nkombo ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == ''Article ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' Bakambi Ekolo : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Bakambi Bulamatari : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Cartes des principales langues Bantoues en République démocratique du Congo]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Voir aussi : [[Forêt du Bassin du Congo]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Article ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopemi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tala mpe== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5315 2005-07-17T23:05:58Z 199.8.238.219 /* Géographie */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Historia ya Kongo-Kinshasa]]'' Tala: [[Ekolo ya Bonsomi ya Kongo]] Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' ezalaki banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkombo oyo ebengamaki [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekolo wana, mpe ebale oyo epesaka ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimeli naye see moko na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Nkombo ya kala!!Nkombo ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == ''Article ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' Bakambi Ekolo : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Bakambi Bulamatari : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutahi o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Article ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopemi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tala mpe== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5330 2005-07-17T23:42:33Z 199.8.238.219 /* Histoire */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Historia ya Kongo-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe: [[Ekolo ya Bonsomi ya Kongo]]'' Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' ezalaki banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkombo oyo ebengamaki [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekolo wana, mpe ebale oyo epesaka ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimeli naye see moko na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Nkombo ya kala!!Nkombo ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == ''Article ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' Bakambi Ekolo : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Bakambi Bulamatari : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutahi o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Article ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopemi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tala mpe== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5337 2005-07-18T00:11:48Z Themalau 22 /* Histoire */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Historia == ''Article détaillé : [[Historia ya Kongo-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe: [[Kongó (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' ezalaki banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkombo oyo ebengamaki [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekolo wana, mpe ebale oyo epesaka ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimeli naye see moko na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Nkombo ya kala!!Nkombo ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == ''Article ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' Bakambi Ekolo : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Bakambi Bulamatari : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutahi o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Article ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopemi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tala mpe== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5362 2005-07-18T01:37:38Z Themalau 22 /* [[wikipédia:Liens externes|Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia]] */ {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" |+ <font size="+1">'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]<br>(Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa)<br>Republique Democratique du Congo'''</font> |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="285px" | [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|140px]][[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|140px]]| |----- | align="center" width="280px" | ([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]])([[Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Détails]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise]] nationale : Demokrasi - Jistisi - Bosangani''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:LocationDRCongo.png|200px|]] |----- | [[Lokóta ya Leta]] || [[lifalansé]] |----- | Nkótá nationales | [[lingála]], [[kiswahili]],<br />[[tshiluba]], [[kikongo]] |----- | [[Engumba mokonzi]] || [[Kinshasa]] |----- | [[Kongo Demokratiki (Tata-mokonzi)|Mokambi-ekolo]] || [[Joseph Kabila]] |----- | [[Etando]] <br />&nbsp;- ekokí <br />&nbsp;- % mai | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na etando|Classé 12]]<br /> 2 345 410 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br /> 3.3% |----- | [[Bato]]<br />&nbsp;- motángo ([[Mbúla]]) <br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na bato|Classé 23]]<br /> 55 225 478 bato<br /> 24 hab./km² |----- | [[Bonsɔ́mí]]<br />&nbsp;- Date | ya [[ Bɛ́lɛjika]]<br />[[30 juin]] [[1960]] |----- | [[Mfalánga]] || [[Franc Congolais]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] de +1 a +2 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || ''[[Debout Congolais]]'' |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .[[ISO 3166-2:CD|CD]] |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 243 |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DRK.png]] |} == Lokótá == Na ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ elobamí [[lokóta|nkótá]] kama mibale. Nyɔ́nsɔ wana elakisi boyebi bwa bato ya bomengo etondi mabele. [[Tshiluba]], [[kikongo]], [[lingála]] mpe [[kiswahili]] ezali bakota banene banei ya ekolo, kasi bakota kama mibale balobaka na ekolo Kongo. Mingi se na kati ya bakota bya ekolo bokoyeba etando ya bikela, mabele, banyama mpe banzete. [[Mongo|Bamongo]] bazali na bakombo mingi ya nzete ya mbila na maye manso basalelaka. Solo, nzete ya mbila eyebani kaka mpona mafuta na masanga te. Eyebani lokola nkisi ekosilisa makono, naye mpe bakosala bitunga mpe bikila kila. == Historia == ''Article détaillé : [[Historia ya Kongo-Kinshasa]]'' ''Tala mpe: [[Kongó (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]]'' Dès les années 40, dans ce qui était alors le [[Congo belge]], deux tendances indépendantistes importantes se manifestaient dans la capitale [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] : celle des « gens d'en bas » ([[Bas-Congo]] et [[Bandundu]]) parlant le [[kikongo]] et celle des « gens d'en haut » parlant le [[lingala]], venant de l'[[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] d'abord et finalement de tout l'intérieur du pays. Dans la première catégorie se forma en [[1949]] une association d'abord culturelle et finalement politique, l'[[ABAKO]], dont [[Joseph Kasavubu]] devint président en [[1954]]. Son rêve devint de rétablir l'ancien royaume [[Kongo]] de l'époque [[Portugal|portugaise]], en fait celui des [[Bakongo]]. Cette tendance se durcit très vite et réclama bientôt l'indépendance immédiate tout en demeurant fédéraliste lorsqu'il s'agit plus tard de discuter le problème du reste du Congo. Les évolués « d'en haut », venant de régions plus diversifiées et séduits par le « plan de 30 ans pour l'émancipation de l'[[Afrique]] » du Professeur [[belgique|belge]] [[Van Bilsen]], publié en [[1956]], étaient aussi désireux de maintenir le grand Congo unitaire. Leur manifeste dans ce sens publié le [[1er juillet|1{{er}} juillet]] [[1956]] fut vigoureusement combattu par l'[[ABAKO]] dès son assemblée générale du [[23 août]] [[1956]]. Le plan de 30 ans est déclaré utopique : « la nationalisation des grandes compagnies vivrières et agricoles comme des parastataux est souhaitable. Puisque l'heure est venue, il faut accorder aujourd'hui même l'indépendance immédiate ! » La [[Belgique]], qui croyait à la progressivité de la transition vers l'[[indépendance]] organisa les premières [[élection]]s à l'échelon communal, limitées aux grandes villes en [[1957]]. L'ABAKO triompha inévitablement à Léopoldville et cela impressionna certains unitaristes, tel [[Patrice Lumumba]], un [[Tetela]] du [[Kasaï]], intelligent et idéaliste, qui ne tarda pas à fonder son propre « mouvement national congolais » [[MNC-Lumumba]], plus revendicatif que celui du [[MNC-Kalondji]], [[Kalondji]] étant aussi un Kasaïen unitariste. Ces jeunes rivalités politiques confrontées aux structures tribales compliquées du Congo allaient former un mélange détonant qui détruirait au bout de cinq années la première démocratie parlementaire congolaise. On ne peut que rappeler ici quelques épisodes saillants : * émeutes de [[Léopoldville]] (4 -7 janvier 1959) provoquées par l'interdiction tardive d'un meeting de l'ABAKO. Arrestation de Kasavubu le 12 janvier. Il sera libéré le 14 mars. * Le 13 janvier, déclaration gouvernementale annonçant l'intention belge de réaliser rapidement l'indépendance du Congo unitaire. L'[[ABAKO]] rejette cette déclaration deux jours plus tard. * La suite de l'année 1959 voit d'abord l'autorisation des partis congolais, suivie d'élections générales sur l'ensemble du territoire congolais marquées par toutes sortes de manœuvres de ces partis dont se dégagèrent 3 pôles : un Cartel des nationalistes fédéralistes formés de 6 partis séparatistes ou autonomistes dont l'[[ABAKO]] et le [[MNC - Kalondj]]i, le pôle du [[MNC Lumumba]] et finalement celui de l'homme fort du Katanga, [[Moïse Tchombé]], conscient de la force économique de sa région et de l'intérêt de s'entendre avec l'[[Union Minière]] (tout comme [[Kalondji]] vis-à-vis des exploitations de diamant au [[Kasaï]]). * En [[1960]], ce sera la [[Table Ronde de Bruxelles]] (du [[20 janvier]] au [[20 février]]) où représentants [[République démocratique du Congo|congolais]] et [[Belgique|belge]]s fixèrent les étapes suivantes. En mai eurent lieu les [[élection législative|élections législatives]] et provinciales qui marquèrent de nouveaux clivages et alliances (scission de l'ABAKO) d'où résulta un compromis : [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fut élu Président par le Parlement, Lumumba étant Premier ministre. '''Zaïre''' ezalaki banda [[1971]] te [[1999]] nkombo oyo ebengamaki [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]], mfalanga ya ekolo wana, mpe ebale oyo epesaka ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ ebimeli naye see moko na [[mayi-mozindo Atalantiki]]. Le [[Congo belge]] devint indépendant en 1960 en tant que « République du Congo », sous le même nom que l'ancienne colonie française voisine du [[République du Congo|Congo]]. Le titre « République démocratique » fut adopté en 1966, mais les deux pays étaient généralement distingués par leur capitale, à savoir Congo ([[Léopoldville]]) et Congo ([[Brazzaville]]). Dans les années qui suivirent la prise du pouvoir en [[1965]] par le général [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], ce dernier entama une campagne d'« [[authenticité]] ». Le pays fut renommé « République du Zaïre », d'après un mot local pour ''rivière'', le général Mobutu devint [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] et obligea tous ses concitoyens à adopter des noms africains, une nouvelle [[monnaie]] - le [[zaïre (monnaie)|zaïre]] divisé en 100 makuta (singulier [[likuta]]) - remplaça le [[franc]] et de nombreuses villes furent rebaptisées : {| !Nkombo ya kala!!Nkombo ya sika (1965) |- |Léopoldville ||[[Kinshasa]] |- |Stanleyville ||[[Kisangani]] |- |Élisabethville ||[[Lubumbashi]] |- | Jadotville || [[Likasi]] |- | Albertville || [[Kalemie]] |- | Cocquilhatville || [[Mbandaka]] |- | Costermansville || [[Bukavu]] |- | Bakwanga || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | Luluabourg || [[Kananga]] |- | Nouvelle Anvers || [[Makanza]] |- | Port Francqui || [[Ilebo]] |- | Banningville || [[Bandundu]] |- | Paulis || [[Isiro]] |- | Thysville || [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] |- | Leverville || [[Lusanga]] |- | Baudoinville || [[Moba]] |- | Ponthierville || [[Ubundu]] |- | Banzyville || [[Mobayi-Mbongo]] |- | Élisabetha || [[Lukutu ]] |- | Charlesville || [[Djokupunda]] |} Après le renversement de Mobutu par [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] en [[1999]] lors de la [[Première guerre du Congo]], le pays retrouva son nom de [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le [[code pays]] (nom de domaine Internet), ''ZR'', est obsolète (la République démocratique du Congo a pour code pays ''CD''). Il est à remarquer que, afin de se démarquer de la culture [[colonialisme|coloniale]], Mobutu promulga l'[[abacost]] qui fut en vigueur entre [[1972]] et [[1990]]. Actuellement l'armée française maintient la présence de militaires français dans le cadre de [[MONUC]]. Mais les violences continuent et la guerre aurait fait 3.8 millions de morts (chiffres d'un responsable congolais commentant un rapport de la commission des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU, 2003 : [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2003/DHG199.doc.htm]) == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[fr:Démographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' [[Image:Congo dem demographie.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] <br clear=all /> == Ba Provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|300px|right]] ''Article de fond : [[Ba Provinsi bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] == Bikela == Ekolo Kongo Demokratiki ekenda sango mokili mobimba mpona biloko bya mabele mwaye. Ya solo ekolo moko lisusu te na Afrika akokani naye na banyama mpe zamba ndenge na ndenge. === Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === Banganga mayele batangi ndenge 11000 ya banzete, 409 ya banyama ya mabele, 1086 ya bandeke, 1069 ya mbisi mpe 152 ya banyoka. Bokozwa te na ekolo esusu ya Afrika banzete mpe banyama etangami ndenge na ndenge. * Na ekolo Kongo, bokozwa bangomba, bisobe, bibale, babweta na bangomba moto; bokozwa mpe zamba ndenge mingi lokola zamba ya mokili mwa molunge, nzete ya bozangi mai, bisobe mpe bikombo. * Banyama ya seko baye bavandaka nse wana, lokola mondonga, bonobo, lokulokoko lwa Kongo, mpe gambala ya mai. Soki tobebisi zamba na bango, bakolimwa elongo. === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === Mbongo ekotisa ba nzete mpe mabanga ya talo ezali na esika enene na kati ya ekolo Kongo. * Mabele o ekolo Kongo etondi mabanga ya talo lokola wolo, kobalti, etani, koltani, jemanyu, diama, mbongo, mbengi, etc. Na tango ya kala, mabanga masusu mazalaki na tina te. Lelo tina na bango tembe nye. Lokola koltani ebwakamaki lokola bosoto bwa etani. Lelo, mosala ya elektroniki esengi tantalu, mpe na mikolo mya lelo, balokotaka bandambo ya etani mpona kobongola. Aluminyu na mbengi ezwamaka na bandambo ya mituka mpe biloko bya mwinda. Na mboka minene, ba fondele basalaka biloko ya bosalisi, kasi tango mosusu, biloko ya kotala elengi. Mpona mipaya, bakosala biloko na singa ya aluminyu, soki mpe na mbengi ; mpona bana mike, bakosala biloko ya esano. Nzete ezali na lisalisi linene na kati ya mboka, lokola nkoni, ekoki mpe kobongwama, bakoteka ye mpe na mboka mopaya. Nzete ya ekolo esengami mingi mpona mosala ya libaya, nzete ya mwindo mpona biloko ya ndako, mabaya ya kotika na mabele, mpe mabaya ya mbongwana enene. === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === Bikela bipesi banyama, bankasa mpe banzete ya kosalisa bokono ndenge na ndenge. Bisaleli bina ya mikolo na mikolo elakisi mayele mwa bato. Soki tolongoli bokila na ndobo, bato ya mboka balokota na zamba bambuma, banzenze, mayebo, nzoi mpe bakotekisa na nzela soki mpe na zando. Na mboka misusu mbiye ekopesa moto bokasi na 40%. '''Bikela esali mpe lokola ndako ya minganga.''' * Nkisi lokola ilulumba esalisa bokono bwa pulu pulu, esilisa mokosa, bokono ya ndeke mpe kosukosu. Esengeli toyeba. Mayele ya banganga nkisi ya Balele etangi banzete 123. Bosalisi ya banganga ya Baluba esengi mingi banzembo. * Babenga kombo Bambuti mpe Baife baye bavandi na zamba Ituri bazali na bikela bya bango. Bambuti bayebi banyama ya koleka kama mibale, mpe banzete ya koleka kama moko. Bakoboma nyama na basinga. Kasi Baife, bakobenga mpe bakoboma nyama na mbanzi mpe na makonga. == Politiki bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki == ''Article ya molayi : [[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' Bakambi Ekolo : * [[1960]] - [[1965]] [[Joseph Kasavubu]] * [[1965]] - [[1997]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] * [[1997]] - [[2001]] [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] * [[2001]] - auj. [[Joseph Kabila]] Bakambi Bulamatari : * [[1960]] - 1960 [[Patrice Lumumba]] * [[1961]] - 1961 [[Joseph Iléo]] * [[1961]] - [[1964]] [[Cyrille Adoula]] * [[1964]] - [[1965]] [[Moïse Tshombe]] * [[1965]] - 1965 [[Evariste Kimba]] * [[1965]] - [[1966]] [[Léonard Mulamba]] * 1966 - 1977 ? * [[1977]] - [[1979]] [[Mpinga Kasenga]] * [[1979]] - [[1980]] [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo]] * [[1980]] - [[1981]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1981]] - [[1982]] [[Joseph Untube N'singa Udjuu]] * [[1982]] - [[1986]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1987]] - [[1988]] [[Mabi Mulumba]] * [[1988]] - 1988 [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]] * [[1988]] - [[1990]] [[Kengo wa Dondo]] * [[1990]] - [[1991]] [[Lunda Bululu]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Mulumba Lukoji]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1991]] - 1991 [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]] * [[1991]] - [[1992]] [[Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond]] * [[1992]] - [[1993]] [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1993]] - [[1994]] [[Faustin Birindwa]] * [[1994]] - [[1997]] [[Kengo Wa Dondo]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[1997]] - 1997 [[Likulia Bolongo]] == Géographie == [[Image:Map - DR Congo, major languages.png|thumb|width:260px|right|Bakarta ya Nkota makonzi ya Babantu oyo makutahi o Ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ]] ''Article détaillé : [[Géographie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' * Tala mpe : [[Zamba o Bassin ya ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] | [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie de la République démocratique du Congo]]'' ''Voir aussi : [[Coltan]]'' == Kiltiri == ''Article ya molayi : [[Kiltiri ya Kongo Kinshasa]]'' {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Bafeti mpe Mikolo ya bopemi''' ! Date !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lifalansé}} !! {{nwt|Nkombo na lingala}} !! Remarques |- | [[4 janvier]] || journée des Martyrs de l'indépendance || || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[17 janvier]] ||journée du Héros National et de ses compagnons d'infortune || || |----- | [[30 juin]] || date anniversaire de l'indépendance || Mukolo ya Lipanda || |- {{ligne grise}} | [[16 février]] || journée des Martyrs de la Démocratie || Mokolo ya baye bakufa pona [[demokrasi]] || |----- | [[17 mai]] || date anniversaire de la libération du Peuple de la tyrannie || || |} == Divers == *[[République démocratique du Congo, données chiffrées|Données chiffrées]] *[[Forces française hors de la métropole]] ==Tala mpe== {{Commons|Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo|la République démocratique du Congo}} * [[Afrika]] * [[Santé en République démocratique du Congo]] * [[Category:Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] * [[Category:Bisé]] * [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] * [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa]] <br clear="all"/> == Makasa-Web olibanda Wikipedia == {{wikitravel|la République démocratique du Congo|République_démocratique_du_Congo}} * [http://www.stiopka.com/congoclic/congoclic.html Carte du Congo (1958)] * [http://www.amnestyinternational.be/doc/rubrique44.html Informations d'Amnesty International] * [http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Site du Gouvernement] * [http://www.chez.com/rdcembassy/ Site de l'ambassade à Bruxelles] * [http://www.minfinrdc.cd/ Site du Ministère des Finances] * [http://www.bcc.cd/ Site de la Banque Centrale du Congo] * [http://www.minisanterdc.cd/ Site du Ministère de la santé] * [http://www.miningcongo.cd/ Site du Ministère des mines] * [http://www.ccre.cd/ Site du Comité de Coordination des Ressources Extérieures] * [http://www.ucoprdc.org/ Site de l'Unité de coordination du Projet] <br clear="all"/> {{Pays d'Afrique}} [[bn:&#2453;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507; (&#2460;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;)]] [[da:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Kin&#349;asa]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik]] [[fr:République démocratique du Congo]] [[it:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratin&#279; Respublika]] [[ln:Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[lv:Kongo DR]] [[ms:Republik Demokratik Congo]] [[nds:Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[ja:&#12467;&#12531;&#12468;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] [[no:Kongo]] [[pl:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;, &#1044;&#1077;&#1084;&#1086;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1095;&#1077;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1056;&#1077;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[sl:Demokrati&#269;na republika Kongo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[zh-cn:&#21018;&#26524;&#27665;&#20027;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;]] $ 5417 2005-07-18T16:44:31Z Moyogo 11 keep history of article #REDIRECT [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] Bandundu 1560 5228 2005-07-11T01:41:01Z Themalau 22 {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} 5290 2005-07-11T10:00:58Z 199.8.238.219 <div style="float:right">[[image:DCongoBandundu.png]]</div> {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} 5385 2005-07-18T09:12:24Z Themalau 22 <div style="float:right">[[image:DCongoBandundu.png]]</div> {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Ba provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] 5703 2005-07-26T07:13:40Z 199.8.238.219 <div style="float:right">[[image:DCongoBandundu.png]]</div> {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] 6581 2005-10-27T10:02:16Z Bombo 12 interwiki <div style="float:right">[[image:DCongoBandundu.png]]</div> {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[en:Bandundu Province]] [[fr:Bandundu (province)]] [[he:באנדונדו]] [[nl:Bandundu (provincie)]] [[sv:Bandundu]] 6587 2005-10-27T10:07:53Z Bombo 12 <div style="float:right">[[image:DCongoBandundu.png]]</div> {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[en:Bandundu Province]] [[fr:Bandundu (province)]] [[he:באנדונדו]] [[nl:Bandundu (provincie)]] [[sv:Bandundu]] '''Bandunu''' ezali [[etuka]] ya ekolo [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. 6588 2005-10-27T10:08:21Z Bombo 12 <div style="float:right">[[image:DCongoBandundu.png]]</div> '''Bandunu''' ezali [[etuka]] ya ekolo [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[en:Bandundu Province]] [[fr:Bandundu (province)]] [[he:באנדונדו]] [[nl:Bandundu (provincie)]] [[sv:Bandundu]] 6591 2005-10-27T10:12:29Z Moyogo 11 Bandunu -> Bandundu <div style="float:right">[[image:DCongoBandundu.png]]</div> '''Bandundu''' ezali [[etuka]] ya ekolo [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[en:Bandundu Province]] [[fr:Bandundu (province)]] [[he:באנדונדו]] [[nl:Bandundu (provincie)]] [[sv:Bandundu]] 7175 2005-12-04T11:40:03Z Moyogo 11 etúká <div style="float:right">[[image:DCongoBandundu.png]]</div> '''Bandundu''' ezalí [[etúká]] ya ekólo [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[en:Bandundu Province]] [[fr:Bandundu (province)]] [[he:באנדונדו]] [[nl:Bandundu (provincie)]] [[sv:Bandundu]] 7861 2006-03-27T02:48:27Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: de <div style="float:right">[[image:DCongoBandundu.png]]</div> '''Bandundu''' ezalí [[etúká]] ya ekólo [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[de:Bandundu]] [[en:Bandundu Province]] [[fr:Bandundu (province)]] [[he:באנדונדו]] [[nl:Bandundu (provincie)]] [[sv:Bandundu]] 8442 2006-06-15T13:19:16Z Bombo 12 template {{BiteniRDK| nom=Etúká ya Bandundu| carte=[[Image:DCongoBandundu.png|200px]]| capitale=[[Bandundu (ville)|Bandundu]]| gouverneur=M. [[Guy Kunza]]| lg=[[Kikongo]], [[Lingála]]| supkm2=295.658| pop=5.201.000| annéepop=[[1998]]| densité=17,59| ISO=CD-BN| dep=48| }} '''Bandundu''' ezalí [[etúká]] ya ekólo [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[de:Bandundu]] [[en:Bandundu Province]] [[fr:Bandundu (province)]] [[he:באנדונדו]] [[nl:Bandundu (provincie)]] [[sv:Bandundu]] 9839 2006-11-23T18:51:45Z Moyogo 11 {{BiteniRDK| nom=Etúká ya Bandundu| carte=[[Image:DCongoBandundu.png|200px]]| capitale=[[Bandundu (ville)|Bandundu]]| gouverneur=M. [[Guy Kunza]]| lg=[[Kikongo]], [[Lingála]]| supkm2=295.658| pop=5.201.000| annéepop=[[1998]]| densité=17,59| ISO=CD-BN| dep=48| }} '''Etúká ya Bandundu''' ezalí [[etúká]] ya ekólo [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[de:Bandundu]] [[en:Bandundu Province]] [[fr:Bandundu (province)]] [[he:באנדונדו]] [[nl:Bandundu (provincie)]] [[sv:Bandundu]] Template:BiteniKongoKinshasa 1561 5229 2005-07-11T01:48:19Z Themalau 22 <br clear="all"/> {| class="WSerieH" id="Warmenie" align="center" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top: 2em; width: 80%; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em" | {| style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | padding="5px" | [[Image:Congo democratic flag medium.png|50px|Drapeau de la République démocratique du Congo]] | style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | '''[[Biteni bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki|Biteni]] bya[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' | padding="5px" | [[Image:Congo democratic flag medium.png|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] |} |--------------- | style="padding: 0 2em 0 2em; text-align: center;" | [[Bandundu]]&nbsp;· [[Bas-Congo]]&nbsp;· [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]]&nbsp;· [[Kasaï-Occidental]]&nbsp;· [[Kasaï-Oriental]]&nbsp;· [[Katanga]]&nbsp;· [[Kinshasa]]&nbsp;· [[Maniema]]&nbsp;· [[Nord-Kivu]]&nbsp;· [[Orientale]]&nbsp;· [[Sud-Kivu]] |} 5230 2005-07-11T01:51:21Z Themalau 22 <br clear="all"/> {| class="WSerieH" id="Warmenie" align="center" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top: 2em; width: 80%; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em" | {| style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | padding="5px" | [[fr:Image:Congo democratic flag medium.png|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] | style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | '''[[Biteni bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki|Biteni]] bya[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' | padding="5px" | [[fr:Image:Congo democratic flag medium.png|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] |} |--------------- | style="padding: 0 2em 0 2em; text-align: center;" | [[Bandundu]]&nbsp;· [[Bas-Congo]]&nbsp;· [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]]&nbsp;· [[Kasaï-Occidental]]&nbsp;· [[Kasaï-Oriental]]&nbsp;· [[Katanga]]&nbsp;· [[Kinshasa]]&nbsp;· [[Maniema]]&nbsp;· [[Nord-Kivu]]&nbsp;· [[Orientale]]&nbsp;· [[Sud-Kivu]] |} 5231 2005-07-11T01:52:14Z Themalau 22 <br clear="all"/> {| class="WSerieH" id="Warmenie" align="center" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top: 2em; width: 80%; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em" | {| style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | padding="5px" | [[en:Image:Congo democratic flag medium.png|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] | style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | '''[[Biteni bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki|Biteni]] bya [[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' | padding="5px" | [[en:Image:Congo democratic flag medium.png|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] |} |--------------- | style="padding: 0 2em 0 2em; text-align: center;" | [[Bandundu]]&nbsp;· [[Bas-Congo]]&nbsp;· [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]]&nbsp;· [[Kasaï-Occidental]]&nbsp;· [[Kasaï-Oriental]]&nbsp;· [[Katanga]]&nbsp;· [[Kinshasa]]&nbsp;· [[Maniema]]&nbsp;· [[Nord-Kivu]]&nbsp;· [[Orientale]]&nbsp;· [[Sud-Kivu]] |} 5256 2005-07-11T07:43:46Z 199.8.238.219 <br clear="all"/> {| class="WSerieH" id="Warmenie" align="center" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top: 2em; width: 80%; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em" | {| style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | padding="5px" | [[en:Image:Congo democratic flag medium.png|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] | style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | '''[[Ba Provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki|Biteni]] bya [[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' | padding="5px" | [[en:Image:Congo democratic flag medium.png|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] |} |--------------- | style="padding: 0 2em 0 2em; text-align: center;" | [[Bandundu]]&nbsp;· [[Bas-Congo]]&nbsp;· [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]]&nbsp;· [[Kasaï-Occidental]]&nbsp;· [[Kasaï-Oriental]]&nbsp;· [[Katanga]]&nbsp;· [[Kinshasa]]&nbsp;· [[Maniema]]&nbsp;· [[Nord-Kivu]]&nbsp;· [[Orientale]]&nbsp;· [[Sud-Kivu]] |} 5257 2005-07-11T07:44:07Z 199.8.238.219 <br clear="all"/> {| class="WSerieH" id="Warmenie" align="center" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top: 2em; width: 80%; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em" | {| style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | padding="5px" | [[en:Image:Congo democratic flag medium.png|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] | style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | '''[[Ba Provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki|Ba Provinsi]] bya [[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' | padding="5px" | [[en:Image:Congo democratic flag medium.png|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] |} |--------------- | style="padding: 0 2em 0 2em; text-align: center;" | [[Bandundu]]&nbsp;· [[Bas-Congo]]&nbsp;· [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]]&nbsp;· [[Kasaï-Occidental]]&nbsp;· [[Kasaï-Oriental]]&nbsp;· [[Katanga]]&nbsp;· [[Kinshasa]]&nbsp;· [[Maniema]]&nbsp;· [[Nord-Kivu]]&nbsp;· [[Orientale]]&nbsp;· [[Sud-Kivu]] |} 5398 2005-07-18T09:44:16Z Themalau 22 <br clear="all"/> {| class="WSerieH" id="Warmenie" align="center" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top: 2em; width: 80%; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em" | {| style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | padding="5px" | [[en:Image:Congo democratic flag medium.png|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] | style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | '''[[Ba Provinsi bya Kongo Kinshasa|Ba Provinsi]] bya [[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' | padding="5px" | [[en:Image:Congo democratic flag medium.png|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] |} |--------------- | style="padding: 0 2em 0 2em; text-align: center;" | [[Bandundu]]&nbsp;· [[Bas-Congo]]&nbsp;· [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]]&nbsp;· [[Kasaï-Occidental]]&nbsp;· [[Kasaï-Oriental]]&nbsp;· [[Katanga]]&nbsp;· [[Kinshasa]]&nbsp;· [[Maniema]]&nbsp;· [[Nord-Kivu]]&nbsp;· [[Orientale]]&nbsp;· [[Sud-Kivu]] |} 5425 2005-07-18T22:59:59Z Themalau 22 <br clear="all"/> {| class="WSerieH" id="Warmenie" align="center" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top: 2em; width: 80%; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em" | {| style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | padding="5px" | [[en:Image:Congo democratic flag medium.png|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] | style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | '''[[Biteni ya Kongo Kinshasa|Ba Provinsi]] bya [[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' | padding="5px" | [[en:Image:Congo democratic flag medium.png|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] |} |--------------- | style="padding: 0 2em 0 2em; text-align: center;" | [[Bandundu]]&nbsp;· [[Bas-Congo]]&nbsp;· [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]]&nbsp;· [[Kasaï-Occidental]]&nbsp;· [[Kasaï-Oriental]]&nbsp;· [[Katanga]]&nbsp;· [[Kinshasa]]&nbsp;· [[Maniema]]&nbsp;· [[Nord-Kivu]]&nbsp;· [[Orientale]]&nbsp;· [[Sud-Kivu]] |} 5436 2005-07-18T23:24:11Z Themalau 22 <br clear="all"/> {| class="WSerieH" id="Warmenie" align="center" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top: 2em; width: 80%; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em" | {| style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | padding="5px" | [[en:Image:Congo democratic flag medium.png|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] | style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | '''[[Ba provinsi ya Kongo Kinshasa|Ba Provinsi]] bya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]''' | padding="5px" | [[en:Image:Congo democratic flag medium.png|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] |} |--------------- | style="padding: 0 2em 0 2em; text-align: center;" | [[Bandundu]]&nbsp;· [[Bas-Congo]]&nbsp;· [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]]&nbsp;· [[Kasaï-Occidental]]&nbsp;· [[Kasaï-Oriental]]&nbsp;· [[Katanga]]&nbsp;· [[Kinshasa]]&nbsp;· [[Maniema]]&nbsp;· [[Nord-Kivu]]&nbsp;· [[Orientale]]&nbsp;· [[Sud-Kivu]] |} 5524 2005-07-23T00:54:49Z 199.8.238.219 <br clear="all"/> {| class="WSerieH" id="Warmenie" align="center" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top: 2em; width: 80%; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em" | {| style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | padding="5px" | [[Image:Congo democratic flag medium.png|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] | style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | '''[[Ba provinsi ya Kongo Kinshasa|Ba Provinsi]] bya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]''' | padding="5px" | [[Image:Congo democratic flag medium.png|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] |} |--------------- | style="padding: 0 2em 0 2em; text-align: center;" | [[Bandundu]]&nbsp;· [[Bas-Congo]]&nbsp;· [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]]&nbsp;· [[Kasaï-Occidental]]&nbsp;· [[Kasaï-Oriental]]&nbsp;· [[Katanga]]&nbsp;· [[Kinshasa]]&nbsp;· [[Maniema]]&nbsp;· [[Nord-Kivu]]&nbsp;· [[Orientale]]&nbsp;· [[Sud-Kivu]] |} [[en:Template:Political Divisions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] 5525 2005-07-23T00:55:43Z 199.8.238.219 <br clear="all"/> {| class="WSerieH" id="Warmenie" align="center" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top: 2em; width: 80%; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em" | {| style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | padding="5px" | [[Image:Congo democratic flag medium.png|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] | style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | '''[[Ba provinsi ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Ba Provinsi]] bya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]''' | padding="5px" | [[Image:Congo democratic flag medium.png|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] |} |--------------- | style="padding: 0 2em 0 2em; text-align: center;" | [[Bandundu]]&nbsp;· [[Bas-Congo]]&nbsp;· [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]]&nbsp;· [[Kasaï-Occidental]]&nbsp;· [[Kasaï-Oriental]]&nbsp;· [[Katanga]]&nbsp;· [[Kinshasa]]&nbsp;· [[Maniema]]&nbsp;· [[Nord-Kivu]]&nbsp;· [[Orientale]]&nbsp;· [[Sud-Kivu]] |} [[en:Template:Political Divisions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] 5526 2005-07-23T00:56:56Z 199.8.238.219 <br clear="all"/> {| class="WSerieH" id="Warmenie" align="center" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top: 2em; width: 80%; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em" | {| style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | padding="5px" | [[Image:Congo democratic flag medium.png|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] | style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | '''[[Ba Provinsi bya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa|Ba Provinsi]] bya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]''' | padding="5px" | [[Image:Congo democratic flag medium.png|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] |} |--------------- | style="padding: 0 2em 0 2em; text-align: center;" | [[Bandundu]]&nbsp;· [[Bas-Congo]]&nbsp;· [[Équateur (province)|Équateur]]&nbsp;· [[Kasaï-Occidental]]&nbsp;· [[Kasaï-Oriental]]&nbsp;· [[Katanga]]&nbsp;· [[Kinshasa]]&nbsp;· [[Maniema]]&nbsp;· [[Nord-Kivu]]&nbsp;· [[Orientale]]&nbsp;· [[Sud-Kivu]] |} [[en:Template:Political Divisions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] 5623 2005-07-24T22:47:39Z 199.8.238.219 <br clear="all"/> {| class="WSerieH" id="Warmenie" align="center" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top: 2em; width: 80%; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em" | {| style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | padding="5px" | [[Image:Congo democratic flag medium.png|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] | style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | '''[[Ba Provinsi bya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa|Ba Provinsi]] bya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]''' | padding="5px" | [[Image:Congo democratic flag medium.png|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] |} |--------------- | style="padding: 0 2em 0 2em; text-align: center;" | [[Bandundu]]&nbsp;· [[Bas-Congo]]&nbsp;· [[Ekwatéli (provinsi)|Ekwatéli]]&nbsp;· [[Kasaï-Occidental]]&nbsp;· [[Kasaï-Oriental]]&nbsp;· [[Katanga]]&nbsp;· [[Kinshasa]]&nbsp;· [[Maniema]]&nbsp;· [[Nord-Kivu]]&nbsp;· [[Orientale]]&nbsp;· [[Sud-Kivu]] |} [[en:Template:Political Divisions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] 5694 2005-07-26T06:54:33Z 199.8.238.219 <br clear="all"/> {| class="WSerieH" id="Warmenie" align="center" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top: 2em; width: 80%; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em" | {| style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | padding="5px" | [[Image:Congo democratic flag medium.png|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] | style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | '''[[Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ Kinshasa|Bituka]] bya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]''' | padding="5px" | [[Image:Congo democratic flag medium.png|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] |} |--------------- | style="padding: 0 2em 0 2em; text-align: center;" | [[Bandundu]]&nbsp;· [[Bas-Congo]]&nbsp;· [[Ekwatéli (provinsi)|Ekwatéli]]&nbsp;· [[Kasaï-Occidental]]&nbsp;· [[Kasaï-Oriental]]&nbsp;· [[Katanga]]&nbsp;· [[Kinshasa]]&nbsp;· [[Maniema]]&nbsp;· [[Nord-Kivu]]&nbsp;· [[Orientale]]&nbsp;· [[Sud-Kivu]] |} [[en:Template:Political Divisions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] 5695 2005-07-26T06:56:15Z 199.8.238.219 <br clear="all"/> {| class="WSerieH" id="Warmenie" align="center" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top: 2em; width: 80%; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em" | {| style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | padding="5px" | [[Image:Congo democratic flag medium.png|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] | style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | '''[[Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Bituka]] bya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]''' | padding="5px" | [[Image:Congo democratic flag medium.png|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] |} |--------------- | style="padding: 0 2em 0 2em; text-align: center;" | [[Bandundu]]&nbsp;· [[Bas-Congo]]&nbsp;· [[Ekwatéli (provinsi)|Ekwatéli]]&nbsp;· [[Kasaï-Occidental]]&nbsp;· [[Kasaï-Oriental]]&nbsp;· [[Katanga]]&nbsp;· [[Kinshasa]]&nbsp;· [[Maniema]]&nbsp;· [[Nord-Kivu]]&nbsp;· [[Orientale]]&nbsp;· [[Sud-Kivu]] |} [[en:Template:Political Divisions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] 5696 2005-07-26T06:57:21Z 199.8.238.219 <br clear="all"/> {| class="WSerieH" id="Warmenie" align="center" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top: 2em; width: 80%; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em" | {| style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | padding="5px" | [[Image:Congo democratic flag medium.png|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] | style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | '''[[Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Bituka]] bya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]''' | padding="5px" | [[Image:Congo democratic flag medium.png|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] |} |--------------- | style="padding: 0 2em 0 2em; text-align: center;" | [[Bandundu]]&nbsp;· [[Bas-Congo]]&nbsp;· [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]]&nbsp;· [[Kasaï-Occidental]]&nbsp;· [[Kasaï-Oriental]]&nbsp;· [[Katanga]]&nbsp;· [[Kinshasa]]&nbsp;· [[Maniema]]&nbsp;· [[Nord-Kivu]]&nbsp;· [[Orientale]]&nbsp;· [[Sud-Kivu]] |} [[en:Template:Political Divisions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] 5860 2005-07-31T08:23:26Z Moyogo 11 Bituka -> Bitúká <br clear="all"/> {| class="WSerieH" id="Warmenie" align="center" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top: 2em; width: 80%; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em" | {| style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | padding="5px" | [[Image:Congo democratic flag medium.png|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] | style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | '''[[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Bitúká]] bya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]''' | padding="5px" | [[Image:Congo democratic flag medium.png|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] |} |--------------- | style="padding: 0 2em 0 2em; text-align: center;" | [[Bandundu]]&nbsp;· [[Bas-Congo]]&nbsp;· [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]]&nbsp;· [[Kasai-Occidental]]&nbsp;· [[Kasai-Oriental]]&nbsp;· [[Katanga]]&nbsp;· [[Kinshasa]]&nbsp;· [[Maniema]]&nbsp;· [[Nord-Kivu]]&nbsp;· [[Orientale]]&nbsp;· [[Sud-Kivu]] |} [[en:Template:Political Divisions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] 5924 2005-07-31T20:20:05Z Themalau 22 <br clear="all"/> {| class="WSerieH" id="Warmenie" align="center" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top: 2em; width: 80%; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em" | {| style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | padding="5px" | [[Image:Congo democratic flag medium.png|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] | style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | '''[[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Bitúká]] bya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]''' | padding="5px" | [[Image:Congo democratic flag medium.png|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] |} |--------------- | style="padding: 0 2em 0 2em; text-align: center;" | [[Bandundu]]&nbsp;· [[Bas-Congo]]&nbsp;· [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]]&nbsp;· [[Kasai-Occidental]]&nbsp;· [[Kasai-Oriental]]&nbsp;· [[Katanga]]&nbsp;· [[Kinshasa]]&nbsp;· [[Maniema]]&nbsp;· [[Nord-Kivu]]&nbsp;· [[Orientale]]&nbsp;· [[Sud-Kivu]] |} 5925 2005-07-31T20:20:37Z Themalau 22 <br clear="all"/> {| class="WSerieH" id="Warmenie" align="center" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top: 2em; width: 80%; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em" | {| style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | padding="5px" | [[Image:Congo democratic flag medium.png|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] | style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | '''[[Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Bitúká]] bya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]''' | padding="5px" | [[Image:Congo democratic flag medium.png|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] |} |--------------- | style="padding: 0 2em 0 2em; text-align: center;" | [[Bandundu]]&nbsp;· [[Bas-Congo]]&nbsp;· [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]]&nbsp;· [[Kasai-Occidental]]&nbsp;· [[Kasai-Oriental]]&nbsp;· [[Katanga]]&nbsp;· [[Kinshasa]]&nbsp;· [[Maniema]]&nbsp;· [[Nord-Kivu]]&nbsp;· [[Orientale]]&nbsp;· [[Sud-Kivu]] |} 6456 2005-10-10T15:23:00Z 160.85.2.50 <br clear="all"/> {| class="WSerieH" id="Warmenie" align="center" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top: 2em; width: 80%; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em" | {| style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | padding="5px" | [[Image:Flag_of_Congo_Kinshasa_1997.svg|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] | style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | '''[[Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Bitúká]] bya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]''' | padding="5px" | [[Image:Congo democratic flag medium.png|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] |} |--------------- | style="padding: 0 2em 0 2em; text-align: center;" | [[Bandundu]]&nbsp;· [[Bas-Congo]]&nbsp;· [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]]&nbsp;· [[Kasai-Occidental]]&nbsp;· [[Kasai-Oriental]]&nbsp;· [[Katanga]]&nbsp;· [[Kinshasa]]&nbsp;· [[Maniema]]&nbsp;· [[Nord-Kivu]]&nbsp;· [[Orientale]]&nbsp;· [[Sud-Kivu]] |} 6457 2005-10-10T15:24:01Z 160.85.2.50 <br clear="all"/> {| class="WSerieH" id="Warmenie" align="center" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top: 2em; width: 80%; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em" | {| style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | padding="5px" | [[Image:Flag_of_Congo_Kinshasa_1997.svg|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] | style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | '''[[Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Bitúká]] bya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]''' | padding="5px" | [[Image:Flag_of_Congo_Kinshasa_1997.svg|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] |} |--------------- | style="padding: 0 2em 0 2em; text-align: center;" | [[Bandundu]]&nbsp;· [[Bas-Congo]]&nbsp;· [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]]&nbsp;· [[Kasai-Occidental]]&nbsp;· [[Kasai-Oriental]]&nbsp;· [[Katanga]]&nbsp;· [[Kinshasa]]&nbsp;· [[Maniema]]&nbsp;· [[Nord-Kivu]]&nbsp;· [[Orientale]]&nbsp;· [[Sud-Kivu]] |} 6461 2005-10-10T15:38:41Z 160.85.2.50 img <br clear="all"/> {| class="WSerieH" id="Warmenie" align="center" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top: 2em; width: 80%; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em" | {| style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | padding="5px" | [[Image:Flag_of_Congo_Kinshasa_1997.svg|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] | style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | '''[[Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Bitúká]] bya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]''' | padding="5px" | [[Image:Congo dem coa.png|50px|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] |} |--------------- | style="padding: 0 2em 0 2em; text-align: center;" | [[Bandundu]]&nbsp;· [[Bas-Congo]]&nbsp;· [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]]&nbsp;· [[Kasai-Occidental]]&nbsp;· [[Kasai-Oriental]]&nbsp;· [[Katanga]]&nbsp;· [[Kinshasa]]&nbsp;· [[Maniema]]&nbsp;· [[Nord-Kivu]]&nbsp;· [[Orientale]]&nbsp;· [[Sud-Kivu]] |} 7171 2005-12-04T11:34:45Z Moyogo 11 Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa <br clear="all"/> {| class="WSerieH" id="Warmenie" align="center" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top: 2em; width: 80%; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em" | {| style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | padding="5px" | [[Image:Flag_of_Congo_Kinshasa_1997.svg|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] | style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | '''[[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Bitúká]] bya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]''' | padding="5px" | [[Image:Congo dem coa.png|50px|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] |} |--------------- | style="padding: 0 2em 0 2em; text-align: center;" | [[Bandundu]]&nbsp;· [[Bas-Congo]]&nbsp;· [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]]&nbsp;· [[Kasai-Occidental]]&nbsp;· [[Kasai-Oriental]]&nbsp;· [[Katanga]]&nbsp;· [[Kinshasa]]&nbsp;· [[Maniema]]&nbsp;· [[Nord-Kivu]]&nbsp;· [[Orientale]]&nbsp;· [[Sud-Kivu]] |} 7222 2005-12-06T09:23:32Z Bombo 12 etuka > etúká <br clear="all"/> {| class="WSerieH" id="Warmenie" align="center" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top: 2em; width: 80%; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em" | {| style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | padding="5px" | [[Image:Flag_of_Congo_Kinshasa_1997.svg|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] | style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | '''[[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Bitúká]] bya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]''' | padding="5px" | [[Image:Congo dem coa.png|50px|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] |} |--------------- | style="padding: 0 2em 0 2em; text-align: center;" | [[Bandundu]]&nbsp;· [[Bas-Congo]]&nbsp;· [[Ekwatéli (etúká)|Ekwatéli]]&nbsp;· [[Kasai-Occidental]]&nbsp;· [[Kasai-Oriental]]&nbsp;· [[Katanga]]&nbsp;· [[Kinshasa]]&nbsp;· [[Maniema]]&nbsp;· [[Nord-Kivu]]&nbsp;· [[Orientale]]&nbsp;· [[Sud-Kivu]] |} 7731 2006-02-23T08:44:01Z Moyogo 11 svg <br clear="all"/> {| class="WSerieH" id="Warmenie" align="center" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top: 2em; width: 80%; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em" | {| style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | padding="5px" | [[Image:Flag_of__the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] | style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | '''[[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Bitúká]] bya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]''' | padding="5px" | [[Image:Congo dem coa.png|50px|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] |} |--------------- | style="padding: 0 2em 0 2em; text-align: center;" | [[Bandundu]]&nbsp;· [[Bas-Congo]]&nbsp;· [[Ekwatéli (etúká)|Ekwatéli]]&nbsp;· [[Kasai-Occidental]]&nbsp;· [[Kasai-Oriental]]&nbsp;· [[Katanga]]&nbsp;· [[Kinshasa]]&nbsp;· [[Maniema]]&nbsp;· [[Nord-Kivu]]&nbsp;· [[Orientale]]&nbsp;· [[Sud-Kivu]] |} 7786 2006-02-26T09:34:52Z Moyogo 11 <br clear="all"/> {| class="WSerieH" id="Warmenie" align="center" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top: 2em; width: 80%; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em" | {| style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | padding="5px" | [[Image:Flag_of__the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] | style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | '''[[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Bitúká]] bya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]''' | padding="5px" | [[Image:Image:Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png|50px|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] |} |--------------- | style="padding: 0 2em 0 2em; text-align: center;" | [[Bandundu]]&nbsp;· [[Bas-Congo]]&nbsp;· [[Ekwatéli (etúká)|Ekwatéli]]&nbsp;· [[Kasai-Occidental]]&nbsp;· [[Kasai-Oriental]]&nbsp;· [[Katanga]]&nbsp;· [[Kinshasa]]&nbsp;· [[Maniema]]&nbsp;· [[Nord-Kivu]]&nbsp;· [[Orientale]]&nbsp;· [[Sud-Kivu]] |} 7787 2006-02-26T09:35:09Z Moyogo 11 <br clear="all"/> {| class="WSerieH" id="Warmenie" align="center" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top: 2em; width: 80%; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em" | {| style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | padding="5px" | [[Image:Flag_of__the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] | style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | '''[[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Bitúká]] bya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]''' | padding="5px" | [[Image:Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png|50px|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] |} |--------------- | style="padding: 0 2em 0 2em; text-align: center;" | [[Bandundu]]&nbsp;· [[Bas-Congo]]&nbsp;· [[Ekwatéli (etúká)|Ekwatéli]]&nbsp;· [[Kasai-Occidental]]&nbsp;· [[Kasai-Oriental]]&nbsp;· [[Katanga]]&nbsp;· [[Kinshasa]]&nbsp;· [[Maniema]]&nbsp;· [[Nord-Kivu]]&nbsp;· [[Orientale]]&nbsp;· [[Sud-Kivu]] |} Bas-Congo 1562 5232 2005-07-11T01:52:45Z Themalau 22 {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} 5242 2005-07-11T01:55:22Z Themalau 22 {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} 5386 2005-07-18T09:12:55Z Themalau 22 {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Ba provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] 5704 2005-07-26T07:14:46Z 199.8.238.219 {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] 5914 2005-07-31T19:10:39Z Themalau 22 ==Tala mpe== ===Mankasa okati Wikipedia=== * [[Molongo ya bingumba ya Bas-Congo]] ===Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia=== * [http://www.bas-congo.org/ Bulamatari ya Bas-Congo] * [http://katembo.fragland.net/gallery/cartes/bascongo1.jpg Karta ya Weste ya Bas-Congo] (na lifalansé) * [http://katembo.fragland.net/gallery/cartes/bascongo2.jpg Carte ya Este ya Bas-Congo] (na lifalansé) {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] 5928 2005-07-31T20:43:15Z Themalau 22 <div style="float:right">[[image:DcongoBasCongo.png]]</div> {{ndambo}} '''Bas-Congo''' ezali etuka se moko ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] oyo ekangami na mayi-mozindo [[Atalantiki]]. Engumba-mokonzi ya Bas-Congo ezali [[Matadi]]. Ekangami mpe na bikolo ya [[Angola]] na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]], mpe na etuka Bandundu, elongo na engumbá-etuka ya Kinshasa. Okati wa Bas-Congo, makútání bingumba mingi lokola [[Boma]], [[Moanda]], [[Banana]] and [[Kisantu]]. ==Tala mpe== ===Mankasa okati Wikipedia=== * [[Molongo ya bingumba ya Bas-Congo]] ===Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia=== * [http://www.bas-congo.org/ Bulamatari ya Bas-Congo] * [http://katembo.fragland.net/gallery/cartes/bascongo1.jpg Karta ya Weste ya Bas-Congo] (na lifalansé) * [http://katembo.fragland.net/gallery/cartes/bascongo2.jpg Carte ya Este ya Bas-Congo] (na lifalansé) {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] 5933 2005-07-31T20:53:19Z Themalau 22 <div style="float:right">[[image:DcongoBasCongo.PNG]]</div> [[Image:Bas-congo.jpg|thumb|290px|Landscape of Bas-Congo]] {{ndambo}} '''Bas-Congo''' ezali etuka se moko ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] oyo ekangami na mayi-mozindo [[Atalantiki]]. Engumba-mokonzi ya Bas-Congo ezali [[Matadi]]. Ekangami mpe na bikolo ya [[Angola]] na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]], mpe na etuka Bandundu, elongo na engumbá-etuka ya Kinshasa. Okati wa Bas-Congo, makútání bingumba mingi lokola [[Boma]], [[Moanda]], [[Banana]] and [[Kisantu]]. ==Tala mpe== ===Mankasa okati Wikipedia=== * [[Molongo ya bingumba ya Bas-Congo]] ===Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia=== * [http://www.bas-congo.org/ Bulamatari ya Bas-Congo] * [http://katembo.fragland.net/gallery/cartes/bascongo1.jpg Karta ya Weste ya Bas-Congo] (na lifalansé) * [http://katembo.fragland.net/gallery/cartes/bascongo2.jpg Carte ya Este ya Bas-Congo] (na lifalansé) {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] 5934 2005-07-31T20:54:00Z Themalau 22 <div style="float:right">[[image:DcongoBasCongo.PNG]]</div> [[Image:Bas-congo.jpg|thumb|290px|Landscape of Bas-Congo]] '''Bas-Congo''' ezali etuka se moko ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] oyo ekangami na mayi-mozindo [[Atalantiki]]. Engumba-mokonzi ya Bas-Congo ezali [[Matadi]]. Ekangami mpe na bikolo ya [[Angola]] na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]], mpe na etuka Bandundu, elongo na engumbá-etuka ya Kinshasa. Okati wa Bas-Congo, makútání bingumba mingi lokola [[Boma]], [[Moanda]], [[Banana]] and [[Kisantu]]. ==Tala mpe== ===Mankasa okati Wikipedia=== * [[Molongo ya bingumba ya Bas-Congo]] ===Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia=== * [http://www.bas-congo.org/ Bulamatari ya Bas-Congo] * [http://katembo.fragland.net/gallery/cartes/bascongo1.jpg Karta ya Weste ya Bas-Congo] (na lifalansé) * [http://katembo.fragland.net/gallery/cartes/bascongo2.jpg Carte ya Este ya Bas-Congo] (na lifalansé) {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} {{ndambo}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] 5938 2005-07-31T21:17:49Z Themalau 22 <div style="float:right">[[image:DcongoBasCongo.PNG]]</div> [[Image:Bas-congo.jpg|thumb|290px|Landscape of Bas-Congo]] '''Bas-Congo''' ezali etuka se moko ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] oyo ekangami na mayi-mozindo [[Atalantiki]]. Engumba-mokonzi ya Bas-Congo ezali [[Matadi]]. Ekangami mpe na bikolo ya [[Angola]] na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]], mpe na etuka Bandundu, elongo na engumbá-etuka ya Kinshasa. Okati wa Bas-Congo, makútání bingumba mingi lokola [[Boma]], [[Moanda]], [[Banana]] and [[Kisantu]]. ==Tala mpe== ===Mankasa okati Wikipedia=== * [[Molongo ya bingumba ya Bas-Congo]] ===Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia=== * [http://www.bas-congo.org/ Bulamatari ya Bas-Congo] * [http://katembo.fragland.net/gallery/cartes/bascongo1.jpg Karta ya Weste ya Bas-Congo] (na lifalansé) * [http://katembo.fragland.net/gallery/cartes/bascongo2.jpg Carte ya Este ya Bas-Congo] (na lifalansé) {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} {{ndambo}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[en:Bas-Congo]] [[fr:Bas-Congo]] 5939 2005-07-31T21:23:15Z Themalau 22 <div style="float:right">[[image:DcongoBasCongo.PNG]]</div> [[Image:Bas-congo.JPG|thumb|290px|Landscape of Bas-Congo]] '''Bas-Congo''' ezali etuka se moko ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] oyo ekangami na mayi-mozindo [[Atalantiki]]. Engumba-mokonzi ya Bas-Congo ezali [[Matadi]]. Ekangami mpe na bikolo ya [[Angola]] na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]], mpe na etuka Bandundu, elongo na engumbá-etuka ya Kinshasa. Okati wa Bas-Congo, makútání bingumba mingi lokola [[Boma]], [[Moanda]], [[Banana]] and [[Kisantu]]. ==Tala mpe== ===Mankasa okati Wikipedia=== * [[Molongo ya bingumba ya Bas-Congo]] ===Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia=== * [http://www.bas-congo.org/ Bulamatari ya Bas-Congo] * [http://katembo.fragland.net/gallery/cartes/bascongo1.jpg Karta ya Weste ya Bas-Congo] (na lifalansé) * [http://katembo.fragland.net/gallery/cartes/bascongo2.jpg Carte ya Este ya Bas-Congo] (na lifalansé) {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} {{ndambo}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[en:Bas-Congo]] [[fr:Bas-Congo]] 5940 2005-07-31T21:28:21Z Themalau 22 <div style="float:right">[[image:DcongoBasCongo.PNG]]</div> [[Image:Bas-congo.JPG|thumb|290px|Kitoko ya zamba ya Bas-Congo]] '''Bas-Congo''' ezali etuka se moko ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] oyo ekangami na mayi-mozindo [[Atalantiki]]. Engumba-mokonzi ya Bas-Congo ezali [[Matadi]]. Ekangami mpe na bikolo ya [[Angola]] na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]], mpe na etuka Bandundu, elongo na engumbá-etuka ya Kinshasa. Okati wa Bas-Congo, makútání bingumba mingi lokola [[Boma]], [[Moanda]], [[Banana]] and [[Kisantu]]. ==Tala mpe== ===Mankasa okati Wikipedia=== * [[Molongo ya bingumba ya Bas-Congo]] ===Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia=== * [http://www.bas-congo.org/ Bulamatari ya Bas-Congo] * [http://katembo.fragland.net/gallery/cartes/bascongo1.jpg Karta ya Weste ya Bas-Congo] (na lifalansé) * [http://katembo.fragland.net/gallery/cartes/bascongo2.jpg Carte ya Este ya Bas-Congo] (na lifalansé) {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} {{ndambo}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[en:Bas-Congo]] [[fr:Bas-Congo]] 7860 2006-03-27T02:47:38Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: de, es, he, sv <div style="float:right">[[image:DcongoBasCongo.PNG]]</div> [[Image:Bas-congo.JPG|thumb|290px|Kitoko ya zamba ya Bas-Congo]] '''Bas-Congo''' ezali etuka se moko ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] oyo ekangami na mayi-mozindo [[Atalantiki]]. Engumba-mokonzi ya Bas-Congo ezali [[Matadi]]. Ekangami mpe na bikolo ya [[Angola]] na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]], mpe na etuka Bandundu, elongo na engumbá-etuka ya Kinshasa. Okati wa Bas-Congo, makútání bingumba mingi lokola [[Boma]], [[Moanda]], [[Banana]] and [[Kisantu]]. ==Tala mpe== ===Mankasa okati Wikipedia=== * [[Molongo ya bingumba ya Bas-Congo]] ===Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia=== * [http://www.bas-congo.org/ Bulamatari ya Bas-Congo] * [http://katembo.fragland.net/gallery/cartes/bascongo1.jpg Karta ya Weste ya Bas-Congo] (na lifalansé) * [http://katembo.fragland.net/gallery/cartes/bascongo2.jpg Carte ya Este ya Bas-Congo] (na lifalansé) {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} {{ndambo}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[de:Bas-Congo]] [[en:Bas-Congo]] [[es:Bajo Congo]] [[fr:Bas-Congo]] [[he:באס קונגו]] [[sv:Bas-Congo]] 8443 2006-06-15T13:22:32Z Bombo 12 {{BiteniRKD| nom=Etúká ya Bas-Congo| carte=[[Image:DcongoBasCongo.PNG|200px]]| capitale=[[Matadi]]| gouverneur=M. [[César Tsasa-di-Ntumba]]| lg=[[Kikongo]]| supkm2=53.920| pop= 2.835.000| annéepop=[[1998]]| densité= 52,57| ISO=CD-BC| dep=25| }} [[Image:Bas-congo.JPG|thumb|290px|Kitoko ya zamba ya Bas-Congo]] '''Bas-Congo''' ezali etuka se moko ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] oyo ekangami na mayi-mozindo [[Atalantiki]]. Engumba-mokonzi ya Bas-Congo ezali [[Matadi]]. Ekangami mpe na bikolo ya [[Angola]] na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]], mpe na etuka Bandundu, elongo na engumbá-etuka ya Kinshasa. Okati wa Bas-Congo, makútání bingumba mingi lokola [[Boma]], [[Moanda]], [[Banana]] and [[Kisantu]]. ==Tala mpe== ===Mankasa okati Wikipedia=== * [[Molongo ya bingumba ya Bas-Congo]] ===Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia=== * [http://www.bas-congo.org/ Bulamatari ya Bas-Congo] * [http://katembo.fragland.net/gallery/cartes/bascongo1.jpg Karta ya Weste ya Bas-Congo] (na lifalansé) * [http://katembo.fragland.net/gallery/cartes/bascongo2.jpg Carte ya Este ya Bas-Congo] (na lifalansé) {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} {{ndambo}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[de:Bas-Congo]] [[en:Bas-Congo]] [[es:Bajo Congo]] [[fr:Bas-Congo]] [[he:באס קונגו]] [[sv:Bas-Congo]] 9013 2006-08-02T05:46:40Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: [[kg:Kongo ya Kati]] {{BiteniRKD| nom=Etúká ya Bas-Congo| carte=[[Image:DcongoBasCongo.PNG|200px]]| capitale=[[Matadi]]| gouverneur=M. [[César Tsasa-di-Ntumba]]| lg=[[Kikongo]]| supkm2=53.920| pop= 2.835.000| annéepop=[[1998]]| densité= 52,57| ISO=CD-BC| dep=25| }} [[Image:Bas-congo.JPG|thumb|290px|Kitoko ya zamba ya Bas-Congo]] '''Bas-Congo''' ezali etuka se moko ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] oyo ekangami na mayi-mozindo [[Atalantiki]]. Engumba-mokonzi ya Bas-Congo ezali [[Matadi]]. Ekangami mpe na bikolo ya [[Angola]] na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]], mpe na etuka Bandundu, elongo na engumbá-etuka ya Kinshasa. Okati wa Bas-Congo, makútání bingumba mingi lokola [[Boma]], [[Moanda]], [[Banana]] and [[Kisantu]]. ==Tala mpe== ===Mankasa okati Wikipedia=== * [[Molongo ya bingumba ya Bas-Congo]] ===Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia=== * [http://www.bas-congo.org/ Bulamatari ya Bas-Congo] * [http://katembo.fragland.net/gallery/cartes/bascongo1.jpg Karta ya Weste ya Bas-Congo] (na lifalansé) * [http://katembo.fragland.net/gallery/cartes/bascongo2.jpg Carte ya Este ya Bas-Congo] (na lifalansé) {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} {{ndambo}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[de:Bas-Congo]] [[en:Bas-Congo]] [[es:Bajo Congo]] [[fr:Bas-Congo]] [[he:באס קונגו]] [[kg:Kongo ya Kati]] [[sv:Bas-Congo]] Kasai-Occidental 1564 5234 2005-07-11T01:52:57Z Themalau 22 {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} 5390 2005-07-18T09:24:07Z Themalau 22 {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Bingumba bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Ba provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] 5701 2005-07-26T07:12:10Z 199.8.238.219 {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] 5706 2005-07-26T07:16:23Z Themalau 22 {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] 5856 2005-07-31T08:22:06Z Moyogo 11 Kasaï-Occidental moved to Kasai-Occidental {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] 6580 2005-10-27T10:01:44Z Bombo 12 interwiki {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[en:Kasai-Occidental]] [[fr:Kasaï-Occidental]] [[sv:Kasai-Occidental]] 6589 2005-10-27T10:09:23Z Bombo 12 img [[image:DCongoWestKasai.png|right|]] '''Kasai-Occidental''' ezali [[etuka]] ya ekolo [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[en:Kasai-Occidental]] [[fr:Kasaï-Occidental]] [[sv:Kasai-Occidental]] 7177 2005-12-04T11:52:28Z Moyogo 11 [[image:DCongoWestKasai.png|right|]] '''Kasai-Occidental''' ezalí [[etúká]] ya ekólo [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[en:Kasai-Occidental]] [[fr:Kasaï-Occidental]] [[sv:Kasai-Occidental]] 7873 2006-03-27T03:50:28Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: de [[image:DCongoWestKasai.png|right|]] '''Kasai-Occidental''' ezalí [[etúká]] ya ekólo [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[de:Kasai-Occidental]] [[en:Kasai-Occidental]] [[fr:Kasaï-Occidental]] [[sv:Kasai-Occidental]] 8994 2006-08-02T05:27:00Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: [[nl:West-Kasaï]] [[image:DCongoWestKasai.png|right|]] '''Kasai-Occidental''' ezalí [[etúká]] ya ekólo [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[de:Kasai-Occidental]] [[en:Kasai-Occidental]] [[fr:Kasaï-Occidental]] [[nl:West-Kasaï]] [[sv:Kasai-Occidental]] Kasai-Oriental 1565 5235 2005-07-11T01:53:22Z Themalau 22 {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} 5391 2005-07-18T09:28:03Z Themalau 22 {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Bingumba bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Ba provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] 5702 2005-07-26T07:12:43Z 199.8.238.219 {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] 5707 2005-07-26T07:16:57Z Themalau 22 {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] 5858 2005-07-31T08:22:25Z Moyogo 11 Kasaï-Oriental moved to Kasai-Oriental {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] 5915 2005-07-31T19:33:35Z Themalau 22 <div style="float:right">[[image:DCongoEastKasai.png]]</div> '''Kasai-Oriental''' ('''Kasai ya Este''') ezali etuka ya '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-KInshasa]]'''. Engumba-mokonzi na yanago ezali [[Mbuji-Mayi]]. Ekangami na Kasai ya Weste to mpe [[Kasai-Occidental]] na Weste, [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]] na Nor-Weste, [[Orientale]] na Nor-Este, [[Maniema]] na Este, mpe [[Katanga]] na Sud. {{ndambo}} [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[sv:Kasai-Oriental]] [[fr:Kasai-Oriental]] [[en:Kasai-Oriental]] [[es:Kasai-Oriental]] {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] 5916 2005-07-31T19:33:56Z Themalau 22 <div style="float:right">[[image:DCongoEastKasai.png]]</div> '''Kasai-Oriental''' ('''Kasai ya Este''') ezali etuka ya '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''. Engumba-mokonzi na yanago ezali [[Mbuji-Mayi]]. Ekangami na Kasai ya Weste to mpe [[Kasai-Occidental]] na Weste, [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]] na Nor-Weste, [[Orientale]] na Nor-Este, [[Maniema]] na Este, mpe [[Katanga]] na Sud. {{ndambo}} [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[sv:Kasai-Oriental]] [[fr:Kasai-Oriental]] [[en:Kasai-Oriental]] [[es:Kasai-Oriental]] {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] 7302 2005-12-09T18:39:33Z 200.77.160.252 <div style="float:right">[[image:DCongoEastKasai.png]]</div> '''Kasai-Oriental''' ('''Kasai ya Este''') ezali etuka ya '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''. Engumba-mokonzi na yanago ezali [[Mbuji-Mayi]]. Ekangami na Kasai ya Weste to mpe [[Kasai-Occidental]] na Weste, [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]] na Nor-Weste, [[Orientale]] na Nor-Este, [[Maniema]] na Este, mpe [[Katanga]] na Sud. {{ndambo}} [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[sv:Kasai-Oriental]] [[fr:Kasai-Oriental]] [[en:Kasai-Oriental]] {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] 7727 2006-02-20T20:53:55Z 82.83.250.136 <div style="float:right">[[image:DCongoEastKasai.png]]</div> '''Kasai-Oriental''' ('''Kasai ya Este''') ezali etuka ya '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''. Engumba-mokonzi na yanago ezali [[Mbuji-Mayi]]. Ekangami na Kasai ya Weste to mpe [[Kasai-Occidental]] na Weste, [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]] na Nor-Weste, [[Orientale]] na Nor-Este, [[Maniema]] na Este, mpe [[Katanga]] na Sud. {{ndambo}} [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[de:Kasai-Oriental (1966-2006)]] [[sv:Kasai-Oriental]] [[fr:Kasai-Oriental]] [[en:Kasai-Oriental]] {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] 7729 2006-02-20T21:01:55Z Moyogo 11 <div style="float:right">[[image:DCongoEastKasai.png]]</div> '''Kasai-Oriental''' ('''Kasai ya Monyɛlɛ''' tǒ '''Kasai ya Este''') ezalí etúká ya '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''. Engúmba-mokonzi na yangó ezalí [[Mbuji-Mayi]]. Ekangamí na Kasai ya Límbe tǒ mpé [[Kasai-Occidental]] na Weste, [[Ekwatéli (etúká)|Ekwatéli]] na Nor-Weste, [[Orientale]] na Nor-Este, [[Maniema]] na Este, mpé [[Katanga]] na Sudi. {{ndambo}} [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[de:Kasai-Oriental (1966-2006)]] [[sv:Kasai-Oriental]] [[fr:Kasai-Oriental]] [[en:Kasai-Oriental]] {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] 7877 2006-03-27T04:13:43Z Superzerocool 62 robot Modifie: de, fr <div style="float:right">[[image:DCongoEastKasai.png]]</div> '''Kasai-Oriental''' ('''Kasai ya Monyɛlɛ''' tǒ '''Kasai ya Este''') ezalí etúká ya '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''. Engúmba-mokonzi na yangó ezalí [[Mbuji-Mayi]]. Ekangamí na Kasai ya Límbe tǒ mpé [[Kasai-Occidental]] na Weste, [[Ekwatéli (etúká)|Ekwatéli]] na Nor-Weste, [[Orientale]] na Nor-Este, [[Maniema]] na Este, mpé [[Katanga]] na Sudi. {{ndambo}} [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[de:Kasai-Oriental]] [[en:Kasai-Oriental]] [[fr:Kasaï-Oriental]] [[sv:Kasai-Oriental]] 8993 2006-08-02T05:26:59Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: [[nl:Oost-Kasaï]] <div style="float:right">[[image:DCongoEastKasai.png]]</div> '''Kasai-Oriental''' ('''Kasai ya Monyɛlɛ''' tǒ '''Kasai ya Este''') ezalí etúká ya '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''. Engúmba-mokonzi na yangó ezalí [[Mbuji-Mayi]]. Ekangamí na Kasai ya Límbe tǒ mpé [[Kasai-Occidental]] na Weste, [[Ekwatéli (etúká)|Ekwatéli]] na Nor-Weste, [[Orientale]] na Nor-Este, [[Maniema]] na Este, mpé [[Katanga]] na Sudi. {{ndambo}} [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[de:Kasai-Oriental]] [[en:Kasai-Oriental]] [[fr:Kasaï-Oriental]] [[nl:Oost-Kasaï]] [[sv:Kasai-Oriental]] Katanga 1566 5236 2005-07-11T01:53:32Z Themalau 22 {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} 5392 2005-07-18T09:28:52Z Themalau 22 {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Bingumba bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Ba provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] 5711 2005-07-26T07:21:06Z Themalau 22 {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] 6459 2005-10-10T15:34:07Z 160.85.2.50 {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Image:DCongoKatanga.png|thumb|*]] [[Image:Stamp Katanga 1961 fair 50c.jpg|thumb|A postage stamp of independent Katanga]] [[Image:Flag Katanga.gif|thumb|Flag of independent Katanga]] '''Katanga''' ezali etuka se moko ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. 6460 2005-10-10T15:35:32Z 160.85.2.50 img [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Image:DCongoKatanga.png|thumb|*]] [[Image:Stamp Katanga 1961 fair 50c.jpg|thumb|A postage stamp of independent Katanga]] [[Image:Flag Katanga.gif|thumb|Flag of independent Katanga]] '''Katanga''' ezali etuka se moko ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} 6582 2005-10-27T10:03:38Z Bombo 12 interwiki [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Image:DCongoKatanga.png|thumb|*]] [[Image:Stamp Katanga 1961 fair 50c.jpg|thumb|A postage stamp of independent Katanga]] [[Image:Flag Katanga.gif|thumb|Flag of independent Katanga]] '''Katanga''' ezali etuka se moko ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[en:Katanga]] [[es:Katanga]] [[fr:Katanga]] [[nl:Katanga]] [[pl:Katanga]] [[sv:Katanga]] 7937 2006-04-02T18:59:12Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: de, fi, gl, ko Modifie: en [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Image:DCongoKatanga.png|thumb|*]] [[Image:Stamp Katanga 1961 fair 50c.jpg|thumb|A postage stamp of independent Katanga]] [[Image:Flag Katanga.gif|thumb|Flag of independent Katanga]] '''Katanga''' ezali etuka se moko ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[de:Katanga]] [[en:Katanga Province]] [[es:Katanga]] [[fi:Katanga]] [[fr:Katanga]] [[gl:Katanga]] [[ko:카탕가 주]] [[nl:Katanga]] [[pl:Katanga]] [[sv:Katanga]] 8432 2006-06-15T12:50:48Z Bombo 12 img [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Image:DCongoKatanga.png|thumb|*]] [[Image:Stamp Katanga 1961 fair 50c.jpg|thumb|A postage stamp of independent Katanga]] [[Image:Flag of Katanga.png|thumb|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Katanga 1960 - 1961]] '''Katanga''' ezali etuka se moko ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[de:Katanga]] [[en:Katanga Province]] [[es:Katanga]] [[fi:Katanga]] [[fr:Katanga]] [[gl:Katanga]] [[ko:카탕가 주]] [[nl:Katanga]] [[pl:Katanga]] [[sv:Katanga]] 8433 2006-06-15T12:51:38Z Bombo 12 [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Image:DCongoKatanga.png|thumb|*]] [[Image:Stamp Katanga 1961 fair 50c.jpg|thumb|A postage stamp of independent Katanga]] [[Image:Flag of Katanga.png|thumb|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Katanga 1960 - 1963]] '''Katanga''' ezali etuka se moko ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[de:Katanga]] [[en:Katanga Province]] [[es:Katanga]] [[fi:Katanga]] [[fr:Katanga]] [[gl:Katanga]] [[ko:카탕가 주]] [[nl:Katanga]] [[pl:Katanga]] [[sv:Katanga]] 8434 2006-06-15T12:55:31Z Bombo 12 [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Image:DCongoKatanga.png|thumb|*]] [[Image:Stamp Katanga 1961 fair 50c.jpg|thumb|A postage stamp of independent Katanga]] [[Image:Flag of Katanga.png|thumb|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Katanga 1960 - 1963]] {{BiteniRDK}} '''Katanga''' ezali etuka se moko ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[de:Katanga]] [[en:Katanga Province]] [[es:Katanga]] [[fi:Katanga]] [[fr:Katanga]] [[gl:Katanga]] [[ko:카탕가 주]] [[nl:Katanga]] [[pl:Katanga]] [[sv:Katanga]] 8437 2006-06-15T13:13:49Z Bombo 12 Template {{BiteniRDK| nom=Etuka ya Katanga| carte=[[Image:DCongoKatanga.png|200px]]| capitale=[[Lubumbashi]]| gouverneur=M. [[Urbain Kisula Ngoy]] ([[PPRD]])| lg=[[Kiswahili]]| supkm2=496.871| pop=4.125.000| annéepop=[[1998]]| densité=8,30| ISO=CD-KT| dep=69| }} [[Image:Stamp Katanga 1961 fair 50c.jpg|thumb|A postage stamp of independent Katanga]] [[Image:Flag of Katanga.png|thumb|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Katanga 1960 - 1963]] '''Katanga''' ezali etuka se moko ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[de:Katanga]] [[en:Katanga Province]] [[es:Katanga]] [[fi:Katanga]] [[fr:Katanga]] [[gl:Katanga]] [[ko:카탕가 주]] [[nl:Katanga]] [[pl:Katanga]] [[sv:Katanga]] 8439 2006-06-15T13:15:43Z Bombo 12 {{BiteniRKD| nom=Etuka ya Katanga| carte=[[Image:DCongoKatanga.png|200px]]| capitale=[[Lubumbashi]]| gouverneur=M. [[Urbain Kisula Ngoy]] ([[PPRD]])| lg=[[Kiswahili]]| supkm2=496.871| pop=4.125.000| annéepop=[[1998]]| densité=8,30| ISO=CD-KT| dep=69| }} [[Image:Stamp Katanga 1961 fair 50c.jpg|thumb|A postage stamp of independent Katanga]] [[Image:Flag of Katanga.png|thumb|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Katanga 1960 - 1963]] '''Katanga''' ezali etuka se moko ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[de:Katanga]] [[en:Katanga Province]] [[es:Katanga]] [[fi:Katanga]] [[fr:Katanga]] [[gl:Katanga]] [[ko:카탕가 주]] [[nl:Katanga]] [[pl:Katanga]] [[sv:Katanga]] 9018 2006-08-02T05:49:18Z YurikBot 76 robot Modifie: [[ko:오트 카탕가 주]], [[nl:Katanga (provincie)]] {{BiteniRKD| nom=Etuka ya Katanga| carte=[[Image:DCongoKatanga.png|200px]]| capitale=[[Lubumbashi]]| gouverneur=M. [[Urbain Kisula Ngoy]] ([[PPRD]])| lg=[[Kiswahili]]| supkm2=496.871| pop=4.125.000| annéepop=[[1998]]| densité=8,30| ISO=CD-KT| dep=69| }} [[Image:Stamp Katanga 1961 fair 50c.jpg|thumb|A postage stamp of independent Katanga]] [[Image:Flag of Katanga.png|thumb|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Katanga 1960 - 1963]] '''Katanga''' ezali etuka se moko ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[de:Katanga]] [[en:Katanga Province]] [[es:Katanga]] [[fi:Katanga]] [[fr:Katanga]] [[gl:Katanga]] [[ko:오트 카탕가 주]] [[nl:Katanga (provincie)]] [[pl:Katanga]] [[sv:Katanga]] 9978 2006-12-15T14:37:23Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: ca, eo, it Modifie: ko {{BiteniRKD| nom=Etuka ya Katanga| carte=[[Image:DCongoKatanga.png|200px]]| capitale=[[Lubumbashi]]| gouverneur=M. [[Urbain Kisula Ngoy]] ([[PPRD]])| lg=[[Kiswahili]]| supkm2=496.871| pop=4.125.000| annéepop=[[1998]]| densité=8,30| ISO=CD-KT| dep=69| }} [[Image:Stamp Katanga 1961 fair 50c.jpg|thumb|A postage stamp of independent Katanga]] [[Image:Flag of Katanga.png|thumb|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Katanga 1960 - 1963]] '''Katanga''' ezali etuka se moko ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[ca:Katanga]] [[de:Katanga]] [[en:Katanga Province]] [[eo:Katanga]] [[es:Katanga]] [[fi:Katanga]] [[fr:Katanga]] [[gl:Katanga]] [[it:Katanga]] [[ko:카탕가 주]] [[nl:Katanga (provincie)]] [[pl:Katanga]] [[sv:Katanga]] Kinsásá 1567 5237 2005-07-11T01:53:42Z Themalau 22 {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} 5340 2005-07-18T00:26:09Z Themalau 22 Engumba Kinshasa ezali Engumba-mokonzi ya [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kongo Demokratiki]]. Ezali mpe provinsi ya ekolo ena. Ezali engumba monene, na bamilioni 8 ya batu (est.). Elongo na nionso oyo, Kinshasa ezali engumba mibale na bingumba nionso ya molongo, na elobeli [[lifalansé]], na sima ya Engumba Pari (Fransia). {{ndambo}} {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} 5341 2005-07-18T00:26:40Z Themalau 22 Engumba Kinshasa ezali Engumba-mokonzi ya [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kongo Demokratiki]]. Ezali mpe provinsi ya ekolo ena. Ezali engumba monene, na bamilioni 8 ya batu (est.). Elongo na nionso oyo, Kinshasa ezali engumba mibale na bingumba nionso ya molongo, na elobeli [[lifalansé]], na sima ya Engumba [[Pari]] ([[Fransia]]). {{ndambo}} {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} 5342 2005-07-18T00:27:27Z Themalau 22 Engumba Kinshasa ezali Engumba-mokonzi ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kongo Demokratiki]]. Ezali mpe provinsi ya ekolo ena. Ezali engumba monene, na bamilioni 8 ya batu (est.). Elongo na nionso oyo, Kinshasa ezali engumba mibale na bingumba nionso ya molongo, na elobeli [[lifalansé]], na sima ya Engumba [[Pari]] ([[Fransia]]). {{ndambo}} {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} 5382 2005-07-18T09:05:49Z Themalau 22 <div style="float:right">[[image:DCongoKinshasa.png]]</div> '''Engumba Kinshasa''' (oyo eyebenaki kala o nkombo [[Leopoldville]]) ezali [[Engumba mokonzi]] ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kongo Demokratiki]]. Ezali mpe provinsi ya ekolo ena. Ezali engumba monene, na milioni 8 ya batu (est.). Elongo na nionso oyo, Kinshasa ezali engumba mibale na bingumba nionso ya molongo, na elobeli [[lifalansé]], na sima ya Engumba [[Pari]] ([[Fransia]]), mpe moko okati ya bingumba minene koleka ya Afrika osé ya Sahara. ==Geography== [[Image:Kinshasa.jpg|thumb|290px|Esika ya bapark ya bulevale ya 30 Juni, Kongo, Avrili 2003]] Kinshasa is a city of sharp contrasts, with posh residential and commercial areas, two universities, and sprawling slums coexisting side by side. It is located along the southern bank of the [[Congo River]], directly opposite the city of [[Brazzaville]], capital of the [[Republic of the Congo]]. Kinshasa is located at 4&deg;16' South, 15&deg;17' East (-4.2667, 15.28333). Major areas of the city include the [[Cité de l'OUA]], home to the [[Government of the Democratic Republic of Congo]], [[Zone de Matonge]], known internationally for its [[nightlife]], and the residential area of [[Gombe]]. The city has a major [[river port]] at [[Beach Ngobila]] with [[ferry|ferries]] to Brazzaville and [[Bangui]], a [[railway]] to [[Matadi]] and [[N'Djili Airport]]. Notable features of the city include the [[SOZACOM Building]] and [[Hotel Memling]] [[skyscraper]]s, the central [[market]], the [[Kinshasa Museum]] and the [[Kinshasa Fine Arts Academy]]. The [[Boulevard du 30 Juin]] links the areas of the city together. ==Historia== The city was founded as a trading post by [[Henry Morton Stanley]] in [[1881]] and named Léopoldville in honor of King [[Leopold II of Belgium|Léopold II of Belgium]], who ruled the vast territory that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The post flourished as the first navigable port along the Congo River above [[Livingstone Falls]]: at first, all goods arriving at Léopoldville from the interior would have to be carried by porter to the port of [[Matadi]] along the coast. The completion of a railroad in [[1898]] provided a viable means of transportation along the river's lower reaches and sparked the rapid development of Léopoldville. By 1920, the city was elevated to capital of the Belgian Congo, replacing the seaside town of [[Boma]]. [[Image:ISS007-E-6305.jpg|350px|thumb|right|Image of Kinshasa and Brazzaville, taken by NASA]] In [[1965]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] seized power in the Congo in his second coup and initiated a policy of "Africanizing" the names of people and places in the country. In [[1966]] Léopoldville was renamed Kinshasa for a village that once stood near the site. The city grew rapidly under Mobutu, drawing people from across the country who came in search of their fortunes or to escape ethnic strife elsewhere. This inevitably brought about a change to the city's ethnic and linguistic composition as well. Although it is situated in territory that traditionally belongs to the [[Bakongo]] people, the ''lingua franca'' in Kinshasa today is not [[Kongo language|Kikongo]] but [[Lingala]]. Kinshasa suffered greatly due to Mobutu's excesses, mass corruption, nepotism and the civil war that led to his downfall. Nevertheless, it is still a major cultural and intellectual center (by Central African standards), with a flourishing community of musicians and artists. It is also the country's major industrial center, processing many of the natural products brought from the interior. The city has recently had to fend off rioting soldiers who were protesting the government's inability to pay them. ==Media== Kinshasa is home to a large number of radio and TV stations. The National TV is housed in the city. Its 2 channels reach more or less the entire country. In additional to these stations, there are nearly a dozen terrestrial stations reaching the environs of the city, and sometimes a bit beyond. == Makasa-web olibanda Wikipedia == * [http://www.boxing-memorabilia.com/aliforeman2.htm Rumble In The Jungle - Muhammad Ali Kinshasa, 1974] ==See also== *[[List of television stations in Africa]] {{Democratic Republic of the Congo}} [[Category:Bingumba mikonzi ya Afrika]] [[Category:Bingumba bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Democratiki]] [[Category:Ba provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Democratiki]] [[de:Kinshasa]] [[es:Kinshasa]] [[fr:Kinshasa]] [[he:&#1511;&#1497;&#1504;&#1513;&#1488;&#1505;&#1492;]] [[nl:Kinshasa]] [[ja:&#12461;&#12531;&#12471;&#12515;&#12469;]] [[no:Kinshasa]] [[os:&#1050;&#1080;&#1085;&#1096;&#1072;&#1089;æ]] [[pl:Kinszasa]] [[pt:Kinshasa]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1080;&#1085;&#1096;&#1072;&#1089;&#1072;]] [[fi:Kinshasa]] [[sv:Kinshasa]] {{ndambo}} {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} 5383 2005-07-18T09:07:18Z Themalau 22 /* See also */ <div style="float:right">[[image:DCongoKinshasa.png]]</div> '''Engumba Kinshasa''' (oyo eyebenaki kala o nkombo [[Leopoldville]]) ezali [[Engumba mokonzi]] ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kongo Demokratiki]]. Ezali mpe provinsi ya ekolo ena. Ezali engumba monene, na milioni 8 ya batu (est.). Elongo na nionso oyo, Kinshasa ezali engumba mibale na bingumba nionso ya molongo, na elobeli [[lifalansé]], na sima ya Engumba [[Pari]] ([[Fransia]]), mpe moko okati ya bingumba minene koleka ya Afrika osé ya Sahara. ==Geography== [[Image:Kinshasa.jpg|thumb|290px|Esika ya bapark ya bulevale ya 30 Juni, Kongo, Avrili 2003]] Kinshasa is a city of sharp contrasts, with posh residential and commercial areas, two universities, and sprawling slums coexisting side by side. It is located along the southern bank of the [[Congo River]], directly opposite the city of [[Brazzaville]], capital of the [[Republic of the Congo]]. Kinshasa is located at 4&deg;16' South, 15&deg;17' East (-4.2667, 15.28333). Major areas of the city include the [[Cité de l'OUA]], home to the [[Government of the Democratic Republic of Congo]], [[Zone de Matonge]], known internationally for its [[nightlife]], and the residential area of [[Gombe]]. The city has a major [[river port]] at [[Beach Ngobila]] with [[ferry|ferries]] to Brazzaville and [[Bangui]], a [[railway]] to [[Matadi]] and [[N'Djili Airport]]. Notable features of the city include the [[SOZACOM Building]] and [[Hotel Memling]] [[skyscraper]]s, the central [[market]], the [[Kinshasa Museum]] and the [[Kinshasa Fine Arts Academy]]. The [[Boulevard du 30 Juin]] links the areas of the city together. ==Historia== The city was founded as a trading post by [[Henry Morton Stanley]] in [[1881]] and named Léopoldville in honor of King [[Leopold II of Belgium|Léopold II of Belgium]], who ruled the vast territory that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The post flourished as the first navigable port along the Congo River above [[Livingstone Falls]]: at first, all goods arriving at Léopoldville from the interior would have to be carried by porter to the port of [[Matadi]] along the coast. The completion of a railroad in [[1898]] provided a viable means of transportation along the river's lower reaches and sparked the rapid development of Léopoldville. By 1920, the city was elevated to capital of the Belgian Congo, replacing the seaside town of [[Boma]]. [[Image:ISS007-E-6305.jpg|350px|thumb|right|Image of Kinshasa and Brazzaville, taken by NASA]] In [[1965]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] seized power in the Congo in his second coup and initiated a policy of "Africanizing" the names of people and places in the country. In [[1966]] Léopoldville was renamed Kinshasa for a village that once stood near the site. The city grew rapidly under Mobutu, drawing people from across the country who came in search of their fortunes or to escape ethnic strife elsewhere. This inevitably brought about a change to the city's ethnic and linguistic composition as well. Although it is situated in territory that traditionally belongs to the [[Bakongo]] people, the ''lingua franca'' in Kinshasa today is not [[Kongo language|Kikongo]] but [[Lingala]]. Kinshasa suffered greatly due to Mobutu's excesses, mass corruption, nepotism and the civil war that led to his downfall. Nevertheless, it is still a major cultural and intellectual center (by Central African standards), with a flourishing community of musicians and artists. It is also the country's major industrial center, processing many of the natural products brought from the interior. The city has recently had to fend off rioting soldiers who were protesting the government's inability to pay them. ==Media== Kinshasa is home to a large number of radio and TV stations. The National TV is housed in the city. Its 2 channels reach more or less the entire country. In additional to these stations, there are nearly a dozen terrestrial stations reaching the environs of the city, and sometimes a bit beyond. == Makasa-web olibanda Wikipedia == * [http://www.boxing-memorabilia.com/aliforeman2.htm Rumble In The Jungle - Muhammad Ali Kinshasa, 1974] ==See also== *[[List of television stations in Africa]] [[Category:Bingumba mikonzi ya Afrika]] [[Category:Bingumba bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Democratiki]] [[Category:Ba provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Democratiki]] [[de:Kinshasa]] [[es:Kinshasa]] [[fr:Kinshasa]] [[he:&#1511;&#1497;&#1504;&#1513;&#1488;&#1505;&#1492;]] [[nl:Kinshasa]] [[ja:&#12461;&#12531;&#12471;&#12515;&#12469;]] [[no:Kinshasa]] [[os:&#1050;&#1080;&#1085;&#1096;&#1072;&#1089;æ]] [[pl:Kinszasa]] [[pt:Kinshasa]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1080;&#1085;&#1096;&#1072;&#1089;&#1072;]] [[fi:Kinshasa]] [[sv:Kinshasa]] {{ndambo}} {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} 5384 2005-07-18T09:10:07Z Themalau 22 /* See also */ <div style="float:right">[[image:DCongoKinshasa.png]]</div> '''Engumba Kinshasa''' (oyo eyebenaki kala o nkombo [[Leopoldville]]) ezali [[Engumba mokonzi]] ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kongo Demokratiki]]. Ezali mpe provinsi ya ekolo ena. Ezali engumba monene, na milioni 8 ya batu (est.). Elongo na nionso oyo, Kinshasa ezali engumba mibale na bingumba nionso ya molongo, na elobeli [[lifalansé]], na sima ya Engumba [[Pari]] ([[Fransia]]), mpe moko okati ya bingumba minene koleka ya Afrika osé ya Sahara. ==Geography== [[Image:Kinshasa.jpg|thumb|290px|Esika ya bapark ya bulevale ya 30 Juni, Kongo, Avrili 2003]] Kinshasa is a city of sharp contrasts, with posh residential and commercial areas, two universities, and sprawling slums coexisting side by side. It is located along the southern bank of the [[Congo River]], directly opposite the city of [[Brazzaville]], capital of the [[Republic of the Congo]]. Kinshasa is located at 4&deg;16' South, 15&deg;17' East (-4.2667, 15.28333). Major areas of the city include the [[Cité de l'OUA]], home to the [[Government of the Democratic Republic of Congo]], [[Zone de Matonge]], known internationally for its [[nightlife]], and the residential area of [[Gombe]]. The city has a major [[river port]] at [[Beach Ngobila]] with [[ferry|ferries]] to Brazzaville and [[Bangui]], a [[railway]] to [[Matadi]] and [[N'Djili Airport]]. Notable features of the city include the [[SOZACOM Building]] and [[Hotel Memling]] [[skyscraper]]s, the central [[market]], the [[Kinshasa Museum]] and the [[Kinshasa Fine Arts Academy]]. The [[Boulevard du 30 Juin]] links the areas of the city together. ==Historia== The city was founded as a trading post by [[Henry Morton Stanley]] in [[1881]] and named Léopoldville in honor of King [[Leopold II of Belgium|Léopold II of Belgium]], who ruled the vast territory that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The post flourished as the first navigable port along the Congo River above [[Livingstone Falls]]: at first, all goods arriving at Léopoldville from the interior would have to be carried by porter to the port of [[Matadi]] along the coast. The completion of a railroad in [[1898]] provided a viable means of transportation along the river's lower reaches and sparked the rapid development of Léopoldville. By 1920, the city was elevated to capital of the Belgian Congo, replacing the seaside town of [[Boma]]. [[Image:ISS007-E-6305.jpg|350px|thumb|right|Image of Kinshasa and Brazzaville, taken by NASA]] In [[1965]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] seized power in the Congo in his second coup and initiated a policy of "Africanizing" the names of people and places in the country. In [[1966]] Léopoldville was renamed Kinshasa for a village that once stood near the site. The city grew rapidly under Mobutu, drawing people from across the country who came in search of their fortunes or to escape ethnic strife elsewhere. This inevitably brought about a change to the city's ethnic and linguistic composition as well. Although it is situated in territory that traditionally belongs to the [[Bakongo]] people, the ''lingua franca'' in Kinshasa today is not [[Kongo language|Kikongo]] but [[Lingala]]. Kinshasa suffered greatly due to Mobutu's excesses, mass corruption, nepotism and the civil war that led to his downfall. Nevertheless, it is still a major cultural and intellectual center (by Central African standards), with a flourishing community of musicians and artists. It is also the country's major industrial center, processing many of the natural products brought from the interior. The city has recently had to fend off rioting soldiers who were protesting the government's inability to pay them. ==Media== Kinshasa is home to a large number of radio and TV stations. The National TV is housed in the city. Its 2 channels reach more or less the entire country. In additional to these stations, there are nearly a dozen terrestrial stations reaching the environs of the city, and sometimes a bit beyond. == Makasa-web olibanda Wikipedia == * [http://www.boxing-memorabilia.com/aliforeman2.htm Rumble In The Jungle - Muhammad Ali Kinshasa, 1974] ==See also== *[[List of television stations in Africa]] [[Category:Bingumba mikonzi ya Afrika]] [[Category:Bingumba bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Ba provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[de:Kinshasa]] [[es:Kinshasa]] [[fr:Kinshasa]] [[he:&#1511;&#1497;&#1504;&#1513;&#1488;&#1505;&#1492;]] [[nl:Kinshasa]] [[ja:&#12461;&#12531;&#12471;&#12515;&#12469;]] [[no:Kinshasa]] [[os:&#1050;&#1080;&#1085;&#1096;&#1072;&#1089;æ]] [[pl:Kinszasa]] [[pt:Kinshasa]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1080;&#1085;&#1096;&#1072;&#1089;&#1072;]] [[fi:Kinshasa]] [[sv:Kinshasa]] {{ndambo}} {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} 5387 2005-07-18T09:16:12Z Themalau 22 <div style="float:right">[[image:DCongoKinshasa.png]]</div> '''Engumba Kinshasa''' (oyo eyebenaki kala o nkombo [[Leopoldville]]) ezali [[Engumba mokonzi]] ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kongo Demokratiki]]. Ezali mpe provinsi ya ekolo ena. Ezali engumba monene, na milioni 8 ya batu (est.). Elongo na nionso oyo, Kinshasa ezali engumba mibale na bingumba nionso ya molongo, na elobeli [[lifalansé]], na sima ya Engumba [[Pari]] ([[Fransia]]), mpe moko okati ya bingumba minene koleka ya Afrika osé ya Sahara. ==Jyografi== [[Image:Kinshasa.jpg|thumb|290px|Esika ya bapark ya bulevale ya 30 Juni, Kongo, Avrili 2003]] Kinshasa is a city of sharp contrasts, with posh residential and commercial areas, two universities, and sprawling slums coexisting side by side. It is located along the southern bank of the [[Congo River]], directly opposite the city of [[Brazzaville]], capital of the [[Republic of the Congo]]. Kinshasa is located at 4&deg;16' South, 15&deg;17' East (-4.2667, 15.28333). Major areas of the city include the [[Cité de l'OUA]], home to the [[Government of the Democratic Republic of Congo]], [[Zone de Matonge]], known internationally for its [[nightlife]], and the residential area of [[Gombe]]. The city has a major [[river port]] at [[Beach Ngobila]] with [[ferry|ferries]] to Brazzaville and [[Bangui]], a [[railway]] to [[Matadi]] and [[N'Djili Airport]]. Notable features of the city include the [[SOZACOM Building]] and [[Hotel Memling]] [[skyscraper]]s, the central [[market]], the [[Kinshasa Museum]] and the [[Kinshasa Fine Arts Academy]]. The [[Boulevard du 30 Juin]] links the areas of the city together. ==Historia== The city was founded as a trading post by [[Henry Morton Stanley]] in [[1881]] and named Léopoldville in honor of King [[Leopold II of Belgium|Léopold II of Belgium]], who ruled the vast territory that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The post flourished as the first navigable port along the Congo River above [[Livingstone Falls]]: at first, all goods arriving at Léopoldville from the interior would have to be carried by porter to the port of [[Matadi]] along the coast. The completion of a railroad in [[1898]] provided a viable means of transportation along the river's lower reaches and sparked the rapid development of Léopoldville. By 1920, the city was elevated to capital of the Belgian Congo, replacing the seaside town of [[Boma]]. [[Image:ISS007-E-6305.jpg|350px|thumb|right|Image of Kinshasa and Brazzaville, taken by NASA]] In [[1965]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] seized power in the Congo in his second coup and initiated a policy of "Africanizing" the names of people and places in the country. In [[1966]] Léopoldville was renamed Kinshasa for a village that once stood near the site. The city grew rapidly under Mobutu, drawing people from across the country who came in search of their fortunes or to escape ethnic strife elsewhere. This inevitably brought about a change to the city's ethnic and linguistic composition as well. Although it is situated in territory that traditionally belongs to the [[Bakongo]] people, the ''lingua franca'' in Kinshasa today is not [[Kongo language|Kikongo]] but [[Lingala]]. Kinshasa suffered greatly due to Mobutu's excesses, mass corruption, nepotism and the civil war that led to his downfall. Nevertheless, it is still a major cultural and intellectual center (by Central African standards), with a flourishing community of musicians and artists. It is also the country's major industrial center, processing many of the natural products brought from the interior. The city has recently had to fend off rioting soldiers who were protesting the government's inability to pay them. ==Media== Kinshasa is home to a large number of radio and TV stations. The National TV is housed in the city. Its 2 channels reach more or less the entire country. In additional to these stations, there are nearly a dozen terrestrial stations reaching the environs of the city, and sometimes a bit beyond. == Makasa-web olibanda Wikipedia == * [http://www.boxing-memorabilia.com/aliforeman2.htm Rumble In The Jungle - Muhammad Ali Kinshasa, 1974] ==Tala mpe== *[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Bingumba mikonzi ya Afrika]] [[Category:Bingumba bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Ba provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[de:Kinshasa]] [[es:Kinshasa]] [[fr:Kinshasa]] [[he:&#1511;&#1497;&#1504;&#1513;&#1488;&#1505;&#1492;]] [[nl:Kinshasa]] [[ja:&#12461;&#12531;&#12471;&#12515;&#12469;]] [[no:Kinshasa]] [[os:&#1050;&#1080;&#1085;&#1096;&#1072;&#1089;æ]] [[pl:Kinszasa]] [[pt:Kinshasa]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1080;&#1085;&#1096;&#1072;&#1089;&#1072;]] [[fi:Kinshasa]] [[sv:Kinshasa]] {{ndambo}} {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} 5388 2005-07-18T09:18:39Z Themalau 22 /* Jyografi */ <div style="float:right">[[image:DCongoKinshasa.png]]</div> '''Engumba Kinshasa''' (oyo eyebenaki kala o nkombo [[Leopoldville]]) ezali [[Engumba mokonzi]] ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kongo Demokratiki]]. Ezali mpe provinsi ya ekolo ena. Ezali engumba monene, na milioni 8 ya batu (est.). Elongo na nionso oyo, Kinshasa ezali engumba mibale na bingumba nionso ya molongo, na elobeli [[lifalansé]], na sima ya Engumba [[Pari]] ([[Fransia]]), mpe moko okati ya bingumba minene koleka ya Afrika osé ya Sahara. ==Jyografi== [[Image:Kinshasa.jpg|thumb|290px|Esika ya bapark ya bulevale ya 30 Juni, Kinshasa, Kongo, Avrili 2003]] Kinshasa is a city of sharp contrasts, with posh residential and commercial areas, two universities, and sprawling slums coexisting side by side. It is located along the southern bank of the [[Congo River]], directly opposite the city of [[Brazzaville]], capital of the [[Republic of the Congo]]. Kinshasa is located at 4&deg;16' South, 15&deg;17' East (-4.2667, 15.28333). Major areas of the city include the [[Cité de l'OUA]], home to the [[Government of the Democratic Republic of Congo]], [[Zone de Matonge]], known internationally for its [[nightlife]], and the residential area of [[Gombe]]. The city has a major [[river port]] at [[Beach Ngobila]] with [[ferry|ferries]] to Brazzaville and [[Bangui]], a [[railway]] to [[Matadi]] and [[N'Djili Airport]]. Notable features of the city include the [[SOZACOM Building]] and [[Hotel Memling]] [[skyscraper]]s, the central [[market]], the [[Kinshasa Museum]] and the [[Kinshasa Fine Arts Academy]]. The [[Boulevard du 30 Juin]] links the areas of the city together. ==Historia== The city was founded as a trading post by [[Henry Morton Stanley]] in [[1881]] and named Léopoldville in honor of King [[Leopold II of Belgium|Léopold II of Belgium]], who ruled the vast territory that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The post flourished as the first navigable port along the Congo River above [[Livingstone Falls]]: at first, all goods arriving at Léopoldville from the interior would have to be carried by porter to the port of [[Matadi]] along the coast. The completion of a railroad in [[1898]] provided a viable means of transportation along the river's lower reaches and sparked the rapid development of Léopoldville. By 1920, the city was elevated to capital of the Belgian Congo, replacing the seaside town of [[Boma]]. [[Image:ISS007-E-6305.jpg|350px|thumb|right|Image of Kinshasa and Brazzaville, taken by NASA]] In [[1965]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] seized power in the Congo in his second coup and initiated a policy of "Africanizing" the names of people and places in the country. In [[1966]] Léopoldville was renamed Kinshasa for a village that once stood near the site. The city grew rapidly under Mobutu, drawing people from across the country who came in search of their fortunes or to escape ethnic strife elsewhere. This inevitably brought about a change to the city's ethnic and linguistic composition as well. Although it is situated in territory that traditionally belongs to the [[Bakongo]] people, the ''lingua franca'' in Kinshasa today is not [[Kongo language|Kikongo]] but [[Lingala]]. Kinshasa suffered greatly due to Mobutu's excesses, mass corruption, nepotism and the civil war that led to his downfall. Nevertheless, it is still a major cultural and intellectual center (by Central African standards), with a flourishing community of musicians and artists. It is also the country's major industrial center, processing many of the natural products brought from the interior. The city has recently had to fend off rioting soldiers who were protesting the government's inability to pay them. ==Media== Kinshasa is home to a large number of radio and TV stations. The National TV is housed in the city. Its 2 channels reach more or less the entire country. In additional to these stations, there are nearly a dozen terrestrial stations reaching the environs of the city, and sometimes a bit beyond. == Makasa-web olibanda Wikipedia == * [http://www.boxing-memorabilia.com/aliforeman2.htm Rumble In The Jungle - Muhammad Ali Kinshasa, 1974] ==Tala mpe== *[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Bingumba mikonzi ya Afrika]] [[Category:Bingumba bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Ba provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[de:Kinshasa]] [[es:Kinshasa]] [[fr:Kinshasa]] [[he:&#1511;&#1497;&#1504;&#1513;&#1488;&#1505;&#1492;]] [[nl:Kinshasa]] [[ja:&#12461;&#12531;&#12471;&#12515;&#12469;]] [[no:Kinshasa]] [[os:&#1050;&#1080;&#1085;&#1096;&#1072;&#1089;æ]] [[pl:Kinszasa]] [[pt:Kinshasa]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1080;&#1085;&#1096;&#1072;&#1089;&#1072;]] [[fi:Kinshasa]] [[sv:Kinshasa]] {{ndambo}} {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} 5389 2005-07-18T09:23:18Z Themalau 22 <div style="float:right">[[image:DCongoKinshasa.png]]</div> Engumba '''Kinshasa''' - ekoki kotangemene ''Kisásá'' to mpe ''Kínshàsa'' - (oyo eyebenaki kala o nkombo [[Leopoldville]]) ezali [[Engumba mokonzi]] ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kongo Demokratiki]]. Ezali mpe provinsi ya ekolo ena. Ezali engumba monene, na milioni 8 ya batu (est.). Elongo na nionso oyo, Kinshasa ezali engumba mibale na bingumba nionso ya molongo, na elobeli [[lifalansé]], na sima ya Engumba [[Pari]] ([[Fransia]]), mpe ezali okati ya bingumba minene koleka ya Afrika o sé ya Sahara. ==Jyografi== [[Image:Kinshasa.jpg|thumb|290px|Esika ya bapark ya bulevale ya 30 Juni, Kinshasa, Kongo, Avrili 2003]] Kinshasa is a city of sharp contrasts, with posh residential and commercial areas, two universities, and sprawling slums coexisting side by side. It is located along the southern bank of the [[Congo River]], directly opposite the city of [[Brazzaville]], capital of the [[Republic of the Congo]]. Kinshasa is located at 4&deg;16' South, 15&deg;17' East (-4.2667, 15.28333). Major areas of the city include the [[Cité de l'OUA]], home to the [[Government of the Democratic Republic of Congo]], [[Zone de Matonge]], known internationally for its [[nightlife]], and the residential area of [[Gombe]]. The city has a major [[river port]] at [[Beach Ngobila]] with [[ferry|ferries]] to Brazzaville and [[Bangui]], a [[railway]] to [[Matadi]] and [[N'Djili Airport]]. Notable features of the city include the [[SOZACOM Building]] and [[Hotel Memling]] [[skyscraper]]s, the central [[market]], the [[Kinshasa Museum]] and the [[Kinshasa Fine Arts Academy]]. The [[Boulevard du 30 Juin]] links the areas of the city together. ==Historia== The city was founded as a trading post by [[Henry Morton Stanley]] in [[1881]] and named Léopoldville in honor of King [[Leopold II of Belgium|Léopold II of Belgium]], who ruled the vast territory that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The post flourished as the first navigable port along the Congo River above [[Livingstone Falls]]: at first, all goods arriving at Léopoldville from the interior would have to be carried by porter to the port of [[Matadi]] along the coast. The completion of a railroad in [[1898]] provided a viable means of transportation along the river's lower reaches and sparked the rapid development of Léopoldville. By 1920, the city was elevated to capital of the Belgian Congo, replacing the seaside town of [[Boma]]. [[Image:ISS007-E-6305.jpg|350px|thumb|right|Image of Kinshasa and Brazzaville, taken by NASA]] In [[1965]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] seized power in the Congo in his second coup and initiated a policy of "Africanizing" the names of people and places in the country. In [[1966]] Léopoldville was renamed Kinshasa for a village that once stood near the site. The city grew rapidly under Mobutu, drawing people from across the country who came in search of their fortunes or to escape ethnic strife elsewhere. This inevitably brought about a change to the city's ethnic and linguistic composition as well. Although it is situated in territory that traditionally belongs to the [[Bakongo]] people, the ''lingua franca'' in Kinshasa today is not [[Kongo language|Kikongo]] but [[Lingala]]. Kinshasa suffered greatly due to Mobutu's excesses, mass corruption, nepotism and the civil war that led to his downfall. Nevertheless, it is still a major cultural and intellectual center (by Central African standards), with a flourishing community of musicians and artists. It is also the country's major industrial center, processing many of the natural products brought from the interior. The city has recently had to fend off rioting soldiers who were protesting the government's inability to pay them. ==Media== Kinshasa is home to a large number of radio and TV stations. The National TV is housed in the city. Its 2 channels reach more or less the entire country. In additional to these stations, there are nearly a dozen terrestrial stations reaching the environs of the city, and sometimes a bit beyond. == Makasa-web olibanda Wikipedia == * [http://www.boxing-memorabilia.com/aliforeman2.htm Rumble In The Jungle - Muhammad Ali Kinshasa, 1974] ==Tala mpe== *[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Bingumba mikonzi ya Afrika]] [[Category:Bingumba bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Ba provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[de:Kinshasa]] [[es:Kinshasa]] [[fr:Kinshasa]] [[he:&#1511;&#1497;&#1504;&#1513;&#1488;&#1505;&#1492;]] [[nl:Kinshasa]] [[ja:&#12461;&#12531;&#12471;&#12515;&#12469;]] [[no:Kinshasa]] [[os:&#1050;&#1080;&#1085;&#1096;&#1072;&#1089;æ]] [[pl:Kinszasa]] [[pt:Kinshasa]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1080;&#1085;&#1096;&#1072;&#1089;&#1072;]] [[fi:Kinshasa]] [[sv:Kinshasa]] {{ndambo}} {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} 5396 2005-07-18T09:39:11Z Themalau 22 /* Historia */ <div style="float:right">[[image:DCongoKinshasa.png]]</div> Engumba '''Kinshasa''' - ekoki kotangemene ''Kisásá'' to mpe ''Kínshàsa'' - (oyo eyebenaki kala o nkombo [[Leopoldville]]) ezali [[Engumba mokonzi]] ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kongo Demokratiki]]. Ezali mpe provinsi ya ekolo ena. Ezali engumba monene, na milioni 8 ya batu (est.). Elongo na nionso oyo, Kinshasa ezali engumba mibale na bingumba nionso ya molongo, na elobeli [[lifalansé]], na sima ya Engumba [[Pari]] ([[Fransia]]), mpe ezali okati ya bingumba minene koleka ya Afrika o sé ya Sahara. ==Jyografi== [[Image:Kinshasa.jpg|thumb|290px|Esika ya bapark ya bulevale ya 30 Juni, Kinshasa, Kongo, Avrili 2003]] Kinshasa is a city of sharp contrasts, with posh residential and commercial areas, two universities, and sprawling slums coexisting side by side. It is located along the southern bank of the [[Congo River]], directly opposite the city of [[Brazzaville]], capital of the [[Republic of the Congo]]. Kinshasa is located at 4&deg;16' South, 15&deg;17' East (-4.2667, 15.28333). Major areas of the city include the [[Cité de l'OUA]], home to the [[Government of the Democratic Republic of Congo]], [[Zone de Matonge]], known internationally for its [[nightlife]], and the residential area of [[Gombe]]. The city has a major [[river port]] at [[Beach Ngobila]] with [[ferry|ferries]] to Brazzaville and [[Bangui]], a [[railway]] to [[Matadi]] and [[N'Djili Airport]]. Notable features of the city include the [[SOZACOM Building]] and [[Hotel Memling]] [[skyscraper]]s, the central [[market]], the [[Kinshasa Museum]] and the [[Kinshasa Fine Arts Academy]]. The [[Boulevard du 30 Juin]] links the areas of the city together. ==Historia== The city was founded as a trading post by [[Henry Morton Stanley]] in [[1881]] and named Léopoldville in honor of King [[Leopold II of Belgium|Léopold II of Belgium]], who ruled the vast territory that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The post flourished as the first navigable port along the Congo River above [[Livingstone Falls]]: at first, all goods arriving at Léopoldville from the interior would have to be carried by porter to the port of [[Matadi]] along the coast. The completion of a railroad in [[1898]] provided a viable means of transportation along the river's lower reaches and sparked the rapid development of Léopoldville. By 1920, the city was elevated to capital of the Belgian Congo, replacing the seaside town of [[Boma]]. [[Image:Brazzaville_ISS007-E-6305.jpg|350px|thumb|right|Image of Kinshasa and Brazzaville, taken by NASA]] In [[1965]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] seized power in the Congo in his second coup and initiated a policy of "Africanizing" the names of people and places in the country. In [[1966]] Léopoldville was renamed Kinshasa for a village that once stood near the site. The city grew rapidly under Mobutu, drawing people from across the country who came in search of their fortunes or to escape ethnic strife elsewhere. This inevitably brought about a change to the city's ethnic and linguistic composition as well. Although it is situated in territory that traditionally belongs to the [[Bakongo]] people, the ''lingua franca'' in Kinshasa today is not [[Kongo language|Kikongo]] but [[Lingala]]. Kinshasa suffered greatly due to Mobutu's excesses, mass corruption, nepotism and the civil war that led to his downfall. Nevertheless, it is still a major cultural and intellectual center (by Central African standards), with a flourishing community of musicians and artists. It is also the country's major industrial center, processing many of the natural products brought from the interior. The city has recently had to fend off rioting soldiers who were protesting the government's inability to pay them. ==Media== Kinshasa is home to a large number of radio and TV stations. The National TV is housed in the city. Its 2 channels reach more or less the entire country. In additional to these stations, there are nearly a dozen terrestrial stations reaching the environs of the city, and sometimes a bit beyond. == Makasa-web olibanda Wikipedia == * [http://www.boxing-memorabilia.com/aliforeman2.htm Rumble In The Jungle - Muhammad Ali Kinshasa, 1974] ==Tala mpe== *[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Bingumba mikonzi ya Afrika]] [[Category:Bingumba bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Ba provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[de:Kinshasa]] [[es:Kinshasa]] [[fr:Kinshasa]] [[he:&#1511;&#1497;&#1504;&#1513;&#1488;&#1505;&#1492;]] [[nl:Kinshasa]] [[ja:&#12461;&#12531;&#12471;&#12515;&#12469;]] [[no:Kinshasa]] [[os:&#1050;&#1080;&#1085;&#1096;&#1072;&#1089;æ]] [[pl:Kinszasa]] [[pt:Kinshasa]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1080;&#1085;&#1096;&#1072;&#1089;&#1072;]] [[fi:Kinshasa]] [[sv:Kinshasa]] {{ndambo}} {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} 5399 2005-07-18T09:45:41Z Themalau 22 <div style="float:right">[[image:DCongoKinshasa.png]]</div> Engumba '''Kinshasa''' - ekoki kotangemene ''Kisásá'' to mpe ''Kínshàsa'' - (oyo eyebenaki kala o nkombo [[Leopoldville]]) ezali [[Engumba mokonzi]] ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kongo Demokratiki]]. Ezali mpe provinsi ya ekolo ena. Ezali engumba monene, na milioni 8 ya batu (est.). Elongo na nionso oyo, Kinshasa ezali engumba mibale na bingumba nionso ya molongo, na elobeli [[lifalansé]], na sima ya Engumba [[Pari]] ([[Falansia]]), mpe ezali okati ya bingumba minene koleka ya Afrika o sé ya Sahara. ==Jyografi== [[Image:Kinshasa.jpg|thumb|290px|Esika ya bapark ya bulevale ya 30 Juni, Kinshasa, Kongo, Avrili 2003]] Kinshasa is a city of sharp contrasts, with posh residential and commercial areas, two universities, and sprawling slums coexisting side by side. It is located along the southern bank of the [[Congo River]], directly opposite the city of [[Brazzaville]], capital of the [[Republic of the Congo]]. Kinshasa is located at 4&deg;16' South, 15&deg;17' East (-4.2667, 15.28333). Major areas of the city include the [[Cité de l'OUA]], home to the [[Government of the Democratic Republic of Congo]], [[Zone de Matonge]], known internationally for its [[nightlife]], and the residential area of [[Gombe]]. The city has a major [[river port]] at [[Beach Ngobila]] with [[ferry|ferries]] to Brazzaville and [[Bangui]], a [[railway]] to [[Matadi]] and [[N'Djili Airport]]. Notable features of the city include the [[SOZACOM Building]] and [[Hotel Memling]] [[skyscraper]]s, the central [[market]], the [[Kinshasa Museum]] and the [[Kinshasa Fine Arts Academy]]. The [[Boulevard du 30 Juin]] links the areas of the city together. ==Historia== The city was founded as a trading post by [[Henry Morton Stanley]] in [[1881]] and named Léopoldville in honor of King [[Leopold II of Belgium|Léopold II of Belgium]], who ruled the vast territory that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The post flourished as the first navigable port along the Congo River above [[Livingstone Falls]]: at first, all goods arriving at Léopoldville from the interior would have to be carried by porter to the port of [[Matadi]] along the coast. The completion of a railroad in [[1898]] provided a viable means of transportation along the river's lower reaches and sparked the rapid development of Léopoldville. By 1920, the city was elevated to capital of the Belgian Congo, replacing the seaside town of [[Boma]]. [[Image:Brazzaville_ISS007-E-6305.jpg|350px|thumb|right|Image of Kinshasa and Brazzaville, taken by NASA]] In [[1965]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] seized power in the Congo in his second coup and initiated a policy of "Africanizing" the names of people and places in the country. In [[1966]] Léopoldville was renamed Kinshasa for a village that once stood near the site. The city grew rapidly under Mobutu, drawing people from across the country who came in search of their fortunes or to escape ethnic strife elsewhere. This inevitably brought about a change to the city's ethnic and linguistic composition as well. Although it is situated in territory that traditionally belongs to the [[Bakongo]] people, the ''lingua franca'' in Kinshasa today is not [[Kongo language|Kikongo]] but [[Lingala]]. Kinshasa suffered greatly due to Mobutu's excesses, mass corruption, nepotism and the civil war that led to his downfall. Nevertheless, it is still a major cultural and intellectual center (by Central African standards), with a flourishing community of musicians and artists. It is also the country's major industrial center, processing many of the natural products brought from the interior. The city has recently had to fend off rioting soldiers who were protesting the government's inability to pay them. ==Media== Kinshasa is home to a large number of radio and TV stations. The National TV is housed in the city. Its 2 channels reach more or less the entire country. In additional to these stations, there are nearly a dozen terrestrial stations reaching the environs of the city, and sometimes a bit beyond. == Makasa-web olibanda Wikipedia == * [http://www.boxing-memorabilia.com/aliforeman2.htm Rumble In The Jungle - Muhammad Ali Kinshasa, 1974] ==Tala mpe== *[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Bingumba mikonzi ya Afrika]] [[Category:Bingumba bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Ba provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[de:Kinshasa]] [[es:Kinshasa]] [[fr:Kinshasa]] [[he:&#1511;&#1497;&#1504;&#1513;&#1488;&#1505;&#1492;]] [[nl:Kinshasa]] [[ja:&#12461;&#12531;&#12471;&#12515;&#12469;]] [[no:Kinshasa]] [[os:&#1050;&#1080;&#1085;&#1096;&#1072;&#1089;æ]] [[pl:Kinszasa]] [[pt:Kinshasa]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1080;&#1085;&#1096;&#1072;&#1089;&#1072;]] [[fi:Kinshasa]] [[sv:Kinshasa]] {{ndambo}} {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} 5712 2005-07-26T07:22:53Z Themalau 22 <div style="float:right">[[image:DCongoKinshasa.png]]</div> Engumba '''Kinshasa''' - ekoki kotangemene ''Kisásá'' to mpe ''Kínshàsa'' - (oyo eyebenaki kala o nkombo [[Leopoldville]]) ezali [[Engumba mokonzi]] ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kongo Demokratiki]]. Ezali mpe provinsi ya ekolo ena. Ezali engumba monene, na milioni 8 ya batu (est.). Elongo na nionso oyo, Kinshasa ezali engumba mibale na bingumba nionso ya molongo, na elobeli [[lifalansé]], na sima ya Engumba [[Pari]] ([[Falansia]]), mpe ezali okati ya bingumba minene koleka ya Afrika o sé ya Sahara. ==Jyografi== [[Image:Kinshasa.jpg|thumb|290px|Esika ya bapark ya bulevale ya 30 Juni, Kinshasa, Kongo, Avrili 2003]] Kinshasa is a city of sharp contrasts, with posh residential and commercial areas, two universities, and sprawling slums coexisting side by side. It is located along the southern bank of the [[Congo River]], directly opposite the city of [[Brazzaville]], capital of the [[Republic of the Congo]]. Kinshasa is located at 4&deg;16' South, 15&deg;17' East (-4.2667, 15.28333). Major areas of the city include the [[Cité de l'OUA]], home to the [[Government of the Democratic Republic of Congo]], [[Zone de Matonge]], known internationally for its [[nightlife]], and the residential area of [[Gombe]]. The city has a major [[river port]] at [[Beach Ngobila]] with [[ferry|ferries]] to Brazzaville and [[Bangui]], a [[railway]] to [[Matadi]] and [[N'Djili Airport]]. Notable features of the city include the [[SOZACOM Building]] and [[Hotel Memling]] [[skyscraper]]s, the central [[market]], the [[Kinshasa Museum]] and the [[Kinshasa Fine Arts Academy]]. The [[Boulevard du 30 Juin]] links the areas of the city together. ==Historia== The city was founded as a trading post by [[Henry Morton Stanley]] in [[1881]] and named Léopoldville in honor of King [[Leopold II of Belgium|Léopold II of Belgium]], who ruled the vast territory that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The post flourished as the first navigable port along the Congo River above [[Livingstone Falls]]: at first, all goods arriving at Léopoldville from the interior would have to be carried by porter to the port of [[Matadi]] along the coast. The completion of a railroad in [[1898]] provided a viable means of transportation along the river's lower reaches and sparked the rapid development of Léopoldville. By 1920, the city was elevated to capital of the Belgian Congo, replacing the seaside town of [[Boma]]. [[Image:Brazzaville_ISS007-E-6305.jpg|350px|thumb|right|Image of Kinshasa and Brazzaville, taken by NASA]] In [[1965]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] seized power in the Congo in his second coup and initiated a policy of "Africanizing" the names of people and places in the country. In [[1966]] Léopoldville was renamed Kinshasa for a village that once stood near the site. The city grew rapidly under Mobutu, drawing people from across the country who came in search of their fortunes or to escape ethnic strife elsewhere. This inevitably brought about a change to the city's ethnic and linguistic composition as well. Although it is situated in territory that traditionally belongs to the [[Bakongo]] people, the ''lingua franca'' in Kinshasa today is not [[Kongo language|Kikongo]] but [[Lingala]]. Kinshasa suffered greatly due to Mobutu's excesses, mass corruption, nepotism and the civil war that led to his downfall. Nevertheless, it is still a major cultural and intellectual center (by Central African standards), with a flourishing community of musicians and artists. It is also the country's major industrial center, processing many of the natural products brought from the interior. The city has recently had to fend off rioting soldiers who were protesting the government's inability to pay them. ==Media== Kinshasa is home to a large number of radio and TV stations. The National TV is housed in the city. Its 2 channels reach more or less the entire country. In additional to these stations, there are nearly a dozen terrestrial stations reaching the environs of the city, and sometimes a bit beyond. == Makasa-web olibanda Wikipedia == * [http://www.boxing-memorabilia.com/aliforeman2.htm Rumble In The Jungle - Muhammad Ali Kinshasa, 1974] ==Tala mpe== *[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Bingumba mikonzi ya Afrika]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bingumba bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[de:Kinshasa]] [[es:Kinshasa]] [[fr:Kinshasa]] [[he:&#1511;&#1497;&#1504;&#1513;&#1488;&#1505;&#1492;]] [[nl:Kinshasa]] [[ja:&#12461;&#12531;&#12471;&#12515;&#12469;]] [[no:Kinshasa]] [[os:&#1050;&#1080;&#1085;&#1096;&#1072;&#1089;æ]] [[pl:Kinszasa]] [[pt:Kinshasa]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1080;&#1085;&#1096;&#1072;&#1089;&#1072;]] [[fi:Kinshasa]] [[sv:Kinshasa]] {{ndambo}} {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} 5718 2005-07-26T07:38:09Z Themalau 22 <div style="float:right">[[image:DCongoKinshasa.png]]</div> Engumba '''Kinshasa''' - ekoki kotangemene ''Kisásá'' to mpe ''Kínshàsa'' - (oyo eyebenaki kala o nkombo [[Leopoldville]]) ezali [[Engumba mokonzi]] ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kongo Demokratiki]]. Ezali mpe [[etuka|provinsi]] ya ekolo ena. Ezali engumba monene, na milioni 8 ya batu (est.). Elongo na nionso oyo, Kinshasa ezali engumba mibale na bingumba nionso ya molongo, na elobeli [[lifalansé]], na sima ya Engumba [[Pari]] ([[Falansia]]), mpe ezali okati ya bingumba minene koleka ya Afrika o sé ya Sahara. ==Jyografi== [[Image:Kinshasa.jpg|thumb|290px|Esika ya bapark ya bulevale ya 30 Juni, Kinshasa, Kongo, Avrili 2003]] Kinshasa is a city of sharp contrasts, with posh residential and commercial areas, two universities, and sprawling slums coexisting side by side. It is located along the southern bank of the [[Congo River]], directly opposite the city of [[Brazzaville]], capital of the [[Republic of the Congo]]. Kinshasa is located at 4&deg;16' South, 15&deg;17' East (-4.2667, 15.28333). Major areas of the city include the [[Cité de l'OUA]], home to the [[Government of the Democratic Republic of Congo]], [[Zone de Matonge]], known internationally for its [[nightlife]], and the residential area of [[Gombe]]. The city has a major [[river port]] at [[Beach Ngobila]] with [[ferry|ferries]] to Brazzaville and [[Bangui]], a [[railway]] to [[Matadi]] and [[N'Djili Airport]]. Notable features of the city include the [[SOZACOM Building]] and [[Hotel Memling]] [[skyscraper]]s, the central [[market]], the [[Kinshasa Museum]] and the [[Kinshasa Fine Arts Academy]]. The [[Boulevard du 30 Juin]] links the areas of the city together. ==Historia== The city was founded as a trading post by [[Henry Morton Stanley]] in [[1881]] and named Léopoldville in honor of King [[Leopold II of Belgium|Léopold II of Belgium]], who ruled the vast territory that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The post flourished as the first navigable port along the Congo River above [[Livingstone Falls]]: at first, all goods arriving at Léopoldville from the interior would have to be carried by porter to the port of [[Matadi]] along the coast. The completion of a railroad in [[1898]] provided a viable means of transportation along the river's lower reaches and sparked the rapid development of Léopoldville. By 1920, the city was elevated to capital of the Belgian Congo, replacing the seaside town of [[Boma]]. [[Image:Brazzaville_ISS007-E-6305.jpg|350px|thumb|right|Image of Kinshasa and Brazzaville, taken by NASA]] In [[1965]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] seized power in the Congo in his second coup and initiated a policy of "Africanizing" the names of people and places in the country. In [[1966]] Léopoldville was renamed Kinshasa for a village that once stood near the site. The city grew rapidly under Mobutu, drawing people from across the country who came in search of their fortunes or to escape ethnic strife elsewhere. This inevitably brought about a change to the city's ethnic and linguistic composition as well. Although it is situated in territory that traditionally belongs to the [[Bakongo]] people, the ''lingua franca'' in Kinshasa today is not [[Kongo language|Kikongo]] but [[Lingala]]. Kinshasa suffered greatly due to Mobutu's excesses, mass corruption, nepotism and the civil war that led to his downfall. Nevertheless, it is still a major cultural and intellectual center (by Central African standards), with a flourishing community of musicians and artists. It is also the country's major industrial center, processing many of the natural products brought from the interior. The city has recently had to fend off rioting soldiers who were protesting the government's inability to pay them. ==Media== Kinshasa is home to a large number of radio and TV stations. The National TV is housed in the city. Its 2 channels reach more or less the entire country. In additional to these stations, there are nearly a dozen terrestrial stations reaching the environs of the city, and sometimes a bit beyond. == Makasa-web olibanda Wikipedia == * [http://www.boxing-memorabilia.com/aliforeman2.htm Rumble In The Jungle - Muhammad Ali Kinshasa, 1974] ==Tala mpe== *[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Bingumba mikonzi ya Afrika]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bingumba bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[de:Kinshasa]] [[es:Kinshasa]] [[fr:Kinshasa]] [[he:&#1511;&#1497;&#1504;&#1513;&#1488;&#1505;&#1492;]] [[nl:Kinshasa]] [[ja:&#12461;&#12531;&#12471;&#12515;&#12469;]] [[no:Kinshasa]] [[os:&#1050;&#1080;&#1085;&#1096;&#1072;&#1089;æ]] [[pl:Kinszasa]] [[pt:Kinshasa]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1080;&#1085;&#1096;&#1072;&#1089;&#1072;]] [[fi:Kinshasa]] [[sv:Kinshasa]] {{ndambo}} {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} 5719 2005-07-26T08:13:22Z Themalau 22 <div style="float:right">[[image:DCongoKinshasa.png]]</div> Engumba '''Kinshasa''' - ekoki kotangemene ''Kisásá'' to mpe ''Kínshàsa'' - (oyo eyebenaki kala o nkombo '''[[Leopoldville]]''') ezali '''[[Engumba mokonzi]]''' ya '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kongo Demokratiki]]''' to mpe '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''. Ezali mpe [[etuka|provinsi]] ya ekolo ena. Ezali engumba monene, na milioni 8 ya batu (est.). Elongo na nionso oyo, Kinshasa ezali engumba mibale na bingumba nionso ya mokili, na elobeli [[lifalansé]], na sima ya Engumba '''[[Pari]]''' ([[Falansia]]), mpe ezali okati ya bingumba minene koleka ya [[Afrika]] o sé ya [[Sahara]]. ==Jyografi== [[Image:Kinshasa.jpg|thumb|290px|Esika ya bapark ya bulevale ya 30 Juni, Kinshasa, Kongo, Avrili 2003]] Kinshasa is a city of sharp contrasts, with posh residential and commercial areas, two universities, and sprawling slums coexisting side by side. Ekútání na mabele o loboko-ya-mwasi ya Ebale ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Kɔ́ngɔ]]. Na yango etalani pene-pene mpeza na [Brazzaville]], [[engumba-mokonzi]] ya [[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]] to mpe Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville. Kinshasa ekútání na 4&deg;16' Sud, 15&deg;17' Este (-4.2667, 15.28333). Bisika minene ya ena engumba: [[Cité de l'OUA]], ndaku ya [[Bulamatari ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]; [[Komini ya Matonge]], oyo eyebani mokili mobimba pona [[malɛki-butu]] na yango; [[komini ya Gombe]]. Engumba oyo ezali na ba buatu ya ebale to mpe [[ferry|baferry]] na [[port]] ya [[Beach Ngobila]] mpo na kokende Brazzaville na [[Bangui]], na [[nzela-masinu]] tɛ́ na [[Matadi]], elongo na [[Aleopori ya N'Djili|Aleopori]] ya [[N'djili]]. Biloko minene oyo emonanaka mingi ezali [[Buludingi ya SOZACOM]], Hotel Inter-Continental na [[Hotel Memling]], [[Zando monene]] ya Kinshasa, [[Mizé ya Kinshasa]] na [[Académie des Beaux-Arts]]. [[Bulevale ya 30 Juin]] nde ekangasi biteni nionso ya ena engumba. ==Historia== The city was founded as a trading post by [[Henry Morton Stanley]] in [[1881]] and named Léopoldville in honor of King [[Leopold II of Belgium|Léopold II of Belgium]], who ruled the vast territory that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The post flourished as the first navigable port along the Congo River above [[Livingstone Falls]]: at first, all goods arriving at Léopoldville from the interior would have to be carried by porter to the port of [[Matadi]] along the coast. The completion of a railroad in [[1898]] provided a viable means of transportation along the river's lower reaches and sparked the rapid development of Léopoldville. By 1920, the city was elevated to capital of the Belgian Congo, replacing the seaside town of [[Boma]]. [[Image:Brazzaville_ISS007-E-6305.jpg|350px|thumb|right|Image of Kinshasa and Brazzaville, taken by NASA]] In [[1965]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] seized power in the Congo in his second coup and initiated a policy of "Africanizing" the names of people and places in the country. In [[1966]] Léopoldville was renamed Kinshasa for a village that once stood near the site. The city grew rapidly under Mobutu, drawing people from across the country who came in search of their fortunes or to escape ethnic strife elsewhere. This inevitably brought about a change to the city's ethnic and linguistic composition as well. Although it is situated in territory that traditionally belongs to the [[Bakongo]] people, the ''lingua franca'' in Kinshasa today is not [[Kongo language|Kikongo]] but [[Lingala]]. Kinshasa suffered greatly due to Mobutu's excesses, mass corruption, nepotism and the civil war that led to his downfall. Nevertheless, it is still a major cultural and intellectual center (by Central African standards), with a flourishing community of musicians and artists. It is also the country's major industrial center, processing many of the natural products brought from the interior. The city has recently had to fend off rioting soldiers who were protesting the government's inability to pay them. ==Media== Kinshasa is home to a large number of radio and TV stations. The National TV is housed in the city. Its 2 channels reach more or less the entire country. In additional to these stations, there are nearly a dozen terrestrial stations reaching the environs of the city, and sometimes a bit beyond. == Makasa-web olibanda Wikipedia == * [http://www.boxing-memorabilia.com/aliforeman2.htm Rumble In The Jungle - Muhammad Ali Kinshasa, 1974] ==Tala mpe== *[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Bingumba mikonzi ya Afrika]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bingumba bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[de:Kinshasa]] [[es:Kinshasa]] [[fr:Kinshasa]] [[he:&#1511;&#1497;&#1504;&#1513;&#1488;&#1505;&#1492;]] [[nl:Kinshasa]] [[ja:&#12461;&#12531;&#12471;&#12515;&#12469;]] [[no:Kinshasa]] [[os:&#1050;&#1080;&#1085;&#1096;&#1072;&#1089;æ]] [[pl:Kinszasa]] [[pt:Kinshasa]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1080;&#1085;&#1096;&#1072;&#1089;&#1072;]] [[fi:Kinshasa]] [[sv:Kinshasa]] {{ndambo}} {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} 5720 2005-07-26T08:16:29Z Themalau 22 /* Jyografi */ <div style="float:right">[[image:DCongoKinshasa.png]]</div> Engumba '''Kinshasa''' - ekoki kotangemene ''Kisásá'' to mpe ''Kínshàsa'' - (oyo eyebenaki kala o nkombo '''[[Leopoldville]]''') ezali '''[[Engumba mokonzi]]''' ya '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kongo Demokratiki]]''' to mpe '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''. Ezali mpe [[etuka|provinsi]] ya ekolo ena. Ezali engumba monene, na milioni 8 ya batu (est.). Elongo na nionso oyo, Kinshasa ezali engumba mibale na bingumba nionso ya mokili, na elobeli [[lifalansé]], na sima ya Engumba '''[[Pari]]''' ([[Falansia]]), mpe ezali okati ya bingumba minene koleka ya [[Afrika]] o sé ya [[Sahara]]. ==Jyografi== [[Image:Kinshasa.jpg|thumb|290px|Esika ya bapark ya bulevale ya 30 Yuni, Kinshasa, Kongo, Avrili 2003]] Kinshasa is a city of sharp contrasts, with posh residential and commercial areas, two universities, and sprawling slums coexisting side by side. Ekútání na mabele o loboko-ya-mwasi ya '''Ebale ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Kɔ́ngɔ]]'''. Na yango etalani pene-pene mpeza na '''[[Brazzaville]]''', [[Engumba-mokonzi|engumba-mokonzi]] ya '''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]''' to mpe '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]'''. Kinshasa ekútání na 4&deg;16' Sud, 15&deg;17' Este (-4.2667, 15.28333). Bisika minene ya ena engumba: [[Cité de l'OUA]], ndaku ya '''[[Bulamatari ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''; [[Komini ya Matonge]], oyo eyebani mokili mobimba pona [[malɛki-butu]] na yango; [[komini ya Gombe]]. Engumba oyo ezali na ba buatu ya ebale to mpe [[ferry|baferry]] na [[port]] ya [[Beach Ngobila]] mpo na kokende Brazzaville na [[Bangui]], na [[nzela-masinu]] tɛ́ na [[Matadi]], elongo na [[Aleopori ya N'Djili|Aleopori]] ya [[N'djili]]. Biloko minene oyo emonanaka mingi ezali [[Buludingi ya SOZACOM]], Hotel Inter-Continental na [[Hotel Memling]], [[Zando monene]] ya Kinshasa, '''[[Mizé ya Kinshasa]]''' na [[Académie des Beaux-Arts]]. [[Bulevale ya 30 Juin]] nde ekangasi biteni nionso ya ena engumba. ==Historia== The city was founded as a trading post by [[Henry Morton Stanley]] in [[1881]] and named Léopoldville in honor of King [[Leopold II of Belgium|Léopold II of Belgium]], who ruled the vast territory that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The post flourished as the first navigable port along the Congo River above [[Livingstone Falls]]: at first, all goods arriving at Léopoldville from the interior would have to be carried by porter to the port of [[Matadi]] along the coast. The completion of a railroad in [[1898]] provided a viable means of transportation along the river's lower reaches and sparked the rapid development of Léopoldville. By 1920, the city was elevated to capital of the Belgian Congo, replacing the seaside town of [[Boma]]. [[Image:Brazzaville_ISS007-E-6305.jpg|350px|thumb|right|Image of Kinshasa and Brazzaville, taken by NASA]] In [[1965]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] seized power in the Congo in his second coup and initiated a policy of "Africanizing" the names of people and places in the country. In [[1966]] Léopoldville was renamed Kinshasa for a village that once stood near the site. The city grew rapidly under Mobutu, drawing people from across the country who came in search of their fortunes or to escape ethnic strife elsewhere. This inevitably brought about a change to the city's ethnic and linguistic composition as well. Although it is situated in territory that traditionally belongs to the [[Bakongo]] people, the ''lingua franca'' in Kinshasa today is not [[Kongo language|Kikongo]] but [[Lingala]]. Kinshasa suffered greatly due to Mobutu's excesses, mass corruption, nepotism and the civil war that led to his downfall. Nevertheless, it is still a major cultural and intellectual center (by Central African standards), with a flourishing community of musicians and artists. It is also the country's major industrial center, processing many of the natural products brought from the interior. The city has recently had to fend off rioting soldiers who were protesting the government's inability to pay them. ==Media== Kinshasa is home to a large number of radio and TV stations. The National TV is housed in the city. Its 2 channels reach more or less the entire country. In additional to these stations, there are nearly a dozen terrestrial stations reaching the environs of the city, and sometimes a bit beyond. == Makasa-web olibanda Wikipedia == * [http://www.boxing-memorabilia.com/aliforeman2.htm Rumble In The Jungle - Muhammad Ali Kinshasa, 1974] ==Tala mpe== *[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Bingumba mikonzi ya Afrika]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bingumba bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[de:Kinshasa]] [[es:Kinshasa]] [[fr:Kinshasa]] [[he:&#1511;&#1497;&#1504;&#1513;&#1488;&#1505;&#1492;]] [[nl:Kinshasa]] [[ja:&#12461;&#12531;&#12471;&#12515;&#12469;]] [[no:Kinshasa]] [[os:&#1050;&#1080;&#1085;&#1096;&#1072;&#1089;æ]] [[pl:Kinszasa]] [[pt:Kinshasa]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1080;&#1085;&#1096;&#1072;&#1089;&#1072;]] [[fi:Kinshasa]] [[sv:Kinshasa]] {{ndambo}} {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} 5721 2005-07-26T08:18:49Z Themalau 22 <div style="float:right">[[image:DCongoKinshasa.png]]</div> Engumba '''Kinshasa''' - ekoki kotangemene ''Kisásá'' to mpe ''Kínshàsa'' - (oyo eyebenaki kala o nkombo '''[[Leopoldville]]''') ezali '''[[Engumba mokonzi]]''' ya '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kongo Demokratiki]]''' to mpe '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''. Ezali mpe [[etuka|provinsi]] ya ekolo ena. Ezali engumba monene, na milioni 8 ya batu (est.). Elongo na nionso oyo, Kinshasa ezali engumba mibale na bingumba nionso ya mokili, na elobeli [[lifalansé]], na sima ya Engumba '''[[Pari]]''' ([[Falansia]]), mpe ezali okati ya bingumba minene koleka ya [[Afrika]] o sé ya [[Sahara]]. ==Jyografi== [[Image:Kinshasa.jpg|thumb|290px|Esika ya bapark ya bulevale ya 30 Yuni, Kinshasa, Kongo, Avrili 2003]] Kinshasa is a city of sharp contrasts, with posh residential and commercial areas, two universities, and sprawling slums coexisting side by side. Ekútání na mabele o loboko-ya-mwasi ya '''Ebale ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Kɔ́ngɔ]]'''. Na yango etalani pene-pene mpeza na '''[[Brazzaville]]''', [[Engumba-mokonzi|engumba-mokonzi]] ya '''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]''' to mpe '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]'''. Kinshasa ekútání na 4&deg;16' Sud, 15&deg;17' Este (-4.2667, 15.28333). Bisika minene ya ena engumba: [[Cité de l'OUA]], ndaku ya '''[[Bulamatari ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''; [[Komini ya Matonge]], oyo eyebani mokili mobimba pona [[malɛki-butu]] na yango; [[komini ya Gombe]]. Engumba oyo ezali na ba buatu ya ebale to mpe [[ferry|baferry]] na [[port]] ya [[Beach Ngobila]] mpo na kokende Brazzaville na [[Bangui]], na [[nzela-masinu]] tɛ́ na [[Matadi]], elongo na [[Aleopori ya N'Djili|Aleopori]] ya [[N'djili]]. Biloko minene oyo emonanaka mingi ezali [[Buludingi ya SOZACOM]], Hotel Inter-Continental na [[Hotel Memling]], [[Zando monene]] ya Kinshasa, '''[[Mizé ya Kinshasa]]''' na [[Académie des Beaux-Arts]]. [[Bulevale ya 30 Juin]] nde ekangasi biteni nionso ya ena engumba. ==Historia== The city was founded as a trading post by [[Henry Morton Stanley]] in [[1881]] and named Léopoldville in honor of King [[Leopold II of Belgium|Léopold II of Belgium]], who ruled the vast territory that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The post flourished as the first navigable port along the Congo River above [[Livingstone Falls]]: at first, all goods arriving at Léopoldville from the interior would have to be carried by porter to the port of [[Matadi]] along the coast. The completion of a railroad in [[1898]] provided a viable means of transportation along the river's lower reaches and sparked the rapid development of Léopoldville. By 1920, the city was elevated to capital of the Belgian Congo, replacing the seaside town of [[Boma]]. [[Image:Brazzaville_ISS007-E-6305.jpg|350px|thumb|right|Image of Kinshasa and Brazzaville, taken by NASA]] In [[1965]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] seized power in the Congo in his second coup and initiated a policy of "Africanizing" the names of people and places in the country. In [[1966]] Léopoldville was renamed Kinshasa for a village that once stood near the site. The city grew rapidly under Mobutu, drawing people from across the country who came in search of their fortunes or to escape ethnic strife elsewhere. This inevitably brought about a change to the city's ethnic and linguistic composition as well. Although it is situated in territory that traditionally belongs to the [[Bakongo]] people, the ''lingua franca'' in Kinshasa today is not [[Kongo language|Kikongo]] but [[Lingala]]. Kinshasa suffered greatly due to Mobutu's excesses, mass corruption, nepotism and the civil war that led to his downfall. Nevertheless, it is still a major cultural and intellectual center (by Central African standards), with a flourishing community of musicians and artists. It is also the country's major industrial center, processing many of the natural products brought from the interior. The city has recently had to fend off rioting soldiers who were protesting the government's inability to pay them. ==Media== Kinshasa is home to a large number of radio and TV stations. The National TV is housed in the city. Its 2 channels reach more or less the entire country. In additional to these stations, there are nearly a dozen terrestrial stations reaching the environs of the city, and sometimes a bit beyond. == Makasa-web olibanda Wikipedia == *[http://www.boxing-memorabilia.com/aliforeman2.htm Rumble In The Jungle - Muhammad Ali Kinshasa, 1974] *[http://www.monuc.org/downloads/KINSHASA_IKONOS_SKETCH100.pdf Carte détaillée de Kinshasa] *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *[http://www.katembo.be/cartes/PlanLeoC.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1960) *[http://www.katembo.be/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) *[http://www.katembo.be/leopoldville1956.htm Photos de Léopoldville] *[http://www.katembo.be/Kin2005/index.htm Photos de Kinshasa 2005] *[http://www.stiopka.com/Leo/photos_leo.html Photos de Kinshasa / Léopoldville] ==Tala mpe== *[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Bingumba mikonzi ya Afrika]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bingumba bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[de:Kinshasa]] [[es:Kinshasa]] [[fr:Kinshasa]] [[he:&#1511;&#1497;&#1504;&#1513;&#1488;&#1505;&#1492;]] [[nl:Kinshasa]] [[ja:&#12461;&#12531;&#12471;&#12515;&#12469;]] [[no:Kinshasa]] [[os:&#1050;&#1080;&#1085;&#1096;&#1072;&#1089;æ]] [[pl:Kinszasa]] [[pt:Kinshasa]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1080;&#1085;&#1096;&#1072;&#1089;&#1072;]] [[fi:Kinshasa]] [[sv:Kinshasa]] {{ndambo}} {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} 5723 2005-07-26T08:34:42Z Themalau 22 /* Tala mpe */ <div style="float:right">[[image:DCongoKinshasa.png]]</div> Engumba '''Kinshasa''' - ekoki kotangemene ''Kisásá'' to mpe ''Kínshàsa'' - (oyo eyebenaki kala o nkombo '''[[Leopoldville]]''') ezali '''[[Engumba mokonzi]]''' ya '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kongo Demokratiki]]''' to mpe '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''. Ezali mpe [[etuka|provinsi]] ya ekolo ena. Ezali engumba monene, na milioni 8 ya batu (est.). Elongo na nionso oyo, Kinshasa ezali engumba mibale na bingumba nionso ya mokili, na elobeli [[lifalansé]], na sima ya Engumba '''[[Pari]]''' ([[Falansia]]), mpe ezali okati ya bingumba minene koleka ya [[Afrika]] o sé ya [[Sahara]]. ==Jyografi== [[Image:Kinshasa.jpg|thumb|290px|Esika ya bapark ya bulevale ya 30 Yuni, Kinshasa, Kongo, Avrili 2003]] Kinshasa is a city of sharp contrasts, with posh residential and commercial areas, two universities, and sprawling slums coexisting side by side. Ekútání na mabele o loboko-ya-mwasi ya '''Ebale ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Kɔ́ngɔ]]'''. Na yango etalani pene-pene mpeza na '''[[Brazzaville]]''', [[Engumba-mokonzi|engumba-mokonzi]] ya '''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]''' to mpe '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]'''. Kinshasa ekútání na 4&deg;16' Sud, 15&deg;17' Este (-4.2667, 15.28333). Bisika minene ya ena engumba: [[Cité de l'OUA]], ndaku ya '''[[Bulamatari ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''; [[Komini ya Matonge]], oyo eyebani mokili mobimba pona [[malɛki-butu]] na yango; [[komini ya Gombe]]. Engumba oyo ezali na ba buatu ya ebale to mpe [[ferry|baferry]] na [[port]] ya [[Beach Ngobila]] mpo na kokende Brazzaville na [[Bangui]], na [[nzela-masinu]] tɛ́ na [[Matadi]], elongo na [[Aleopori ya N'Djili|Aleopori]] ya [[N'djili]]. Biloko minene oyo emonanaka mingi ezali [[Buludingi ya SOZACOM]], Hotel Inter-Continental na [[Hotel Memling]], [[Zando monene]] ya Kinshasa, '''[[Mizé ya Kinshasa]]''' na [[Académie des Beaux-Arts]]. [[Bulevale ya 30 Juin]] nde ekangasi biteni nionso ya ena engumba. ==Historia== The city was founded as a trading post by [[Henry Morton Stanley]] in [[1881]] and named Léopoldville in honor of King [[Leopold II of Belgium|Léopold II of Belgium]], who ruled the vast territory that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The post flourished as the first navigable port along the Congo River above [[Livingstone Falls]]: at first, all goods arriving at Léopoldville from the interior would have to be carried by porter to the port of [[Matadi]] along the coast. The completion of a railroad in [[1898]] provided a viable means of transportation along the river's lower reaches and sparked the rapid development of Léopoldville. By 1920, the city was elevated to capital of the Belgian Congo, replacing the seaside town of [[Boma]]. [[Image:Brazzaville_ISS007-E-6305.jpg|350px|thumb|right|Image of Kinshasa and Brazzaville, taken by NASA]] In [[1965]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] seized power in the Congo in his second coup and initiated a policy of "Africanizing" the names of people and places in the country. In [[1966]] Léopoldville was renamed Kinshasa for a village that once stood near the site. The city grew rapidly under Mobutu, drawing people from across the country who came in search of their fortunes or to escape ethnic strife elsewhere. This inevitably brought about a change to the city's ethnic and linguistic composition as well. Although it is situated in territory that traditionally belongs to the [[Bakongo]] people, the ''lingua franca'' in Kinshasa today is not [[Kongo language|Kikongo]] but [[Lingala]]. Kinshasa suffered greatly due to Mobutu's excesses, mass corruption, nepotism and the civil war that led to his downfall. Nevertheless, it is still a major cultural and intellectual center (by Central African standards), with a flourishing community of musicians and artists. It is also the country's major industrial center, processing many of the natural products brought from the interior. The city has recently had to fend off rioting soldiers who were protesting the government's inability to pay them. ==Media== Kinshasa is home to a large number of radio and TV stations. The National TV is housed in the city. Its 2 channels reach more or less the entire country. In additional to these stations, there are nearly a dozen terrestrial stations reaching the environs of the city, and sometimes a bit beyond. == Makasa-web olibanda Wikipedia == *[http://www.boxing-memorabilia.com/aliforeman2.htm Rumble In The Jungle - Muhammad Ali Kinshasa, 1974] *[http://www.monuc.org/downloads/KINSHASA_IKONOS_SKETCH100.pdf Carte détaillée de Kinshasa] *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *[http://www.katembo.be/cartes/PlanLeoC.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1960) *[http://www.katembo.be/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) *[http://www.katembo.be/leopoldville1956.htm Photos de Léopoldville] *[http://www.katembo.be/Kin2005/index.htm Photos de Kinshasa 2005] *[http://www.stiopka.com/Leo/photos_leo.html Photos de Kinshasa / Léopoldville] ==Tala mpe== *[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Bingumba mikonzi ya Afrika]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bingumba bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[de:Kinshasa]] [[es:Kinshasa]] [[fr:Kinshasa]] [[he:&#1511;&#1497;&#1504;&#1513;&#1488;&#1505;&#1492;]] [[nl:Kinshasa]] [[ja:&#12461;&#12531;&#12471;&#12515;&#12469;]] [[no:Kinshasa]] [[os:&#1050;&#1080;&#1085;&#1096;&#1072;&#1089;æ]] [[pl:Kinszasa]] [[pt:Kinshasa]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1080;&#1085;&#1096;&#1072;&#1089;&#1072;]] [[fi:Kinshasa]] [[sv:Kinshasa]] {{ndambo}} {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} {{CommunesKinshasa}} 5739 2005-07-27T05:51:17Z Moyogo 11 c = sh <div style="float:right">[[image:DCongoKinshasa.png]]</div> Engumba '''Kinshasa''' - ekoki kotangemene ''Kisásá'' to mpe ''Kíncása'' - (oyo eyebenaki kala o nkombo '''[[Leopoldville]]''') ezali '''[[Engumba mokonzi]]''' ya '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kongo Demokratiki]]''' to mpe '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''. Ezali mpe [[etuka|provinsi]] ya ekolo ena. Ezali engumba monene, na milioni 8 ya batu (est.). Elongo na nionso oyo, Kinshasa ezali engumba mibale na bingumba nionso ya mokili, na elobeli [[lifalansé]], na sima ya Engumba '''[[Pari]]''' ([[Falansia]]), mpe ezali okati ya bingumba minene koleka ya [[Afrika]] o sé ya [[Sahara]]. ==Jyografi== [[Image:Kinshasa.jpg|thumb|290px|Esika ya bapark ya bulevale ya 30 Yuni, Kinshasa, Kongo, Avrili 2003]] Kinshasa is a city of sharp contrasts, with posh residential and commercial areas, two universities, and sprawling slums coexisting side by side. Ekútání na mabele o loboko-ya-mwasi ya '''Ebale ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Kɔ́ngɔ]]'''. Na yango etalani pene-pene mpeza na '''[[Brazzaville]]''', [[Engumba-mokonzi|engumba-mokonzi]] ya '''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]''' to mpe '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]'''. Kinshasa ekútání na 4&deg;16' Sud, 15&deg;17' Este (-4.2667, 15.28333). Bisika minene ya ena engumba: [[Cité de l'OUA]], ndaku ya '''[[Bulamatari ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''; [[Komini ya Matonge]], oyo eyebani mokili mobimba pona [[malɛki-butu]] na yango; [[komini ya Gombe]]. Engumba oyo ezali na ba buatu ya ebale to mpe [[ferry|baferry]] na [[port]] ya [[Beach Ngobila]] mpo na kokende Brazzaville na [[Bangui]], na [[nzela-masinu]] tɛ́ na [[Matadi]], elongo na [[Aleopori ya N'Djili|Aleopori]] ya [[N'djili]]. Biloko minene oyo emonanaka mingi ezali [[Buludingi ya SOZACOM]], Hotel Inter-Continental na [[Hotel Memling]], [[Zando monene]] ya Kinshasa, '''[[Mizé ya Kinshasa]]''' na [[Académie des Beaux-Arts]]. [[Bulevale ya 30 Juin]] nde ekangasi biteni nionso ya ena engumba. ==Historia== The city was founded as a trading post by [[Henry Morton Stanley]] in [[1881]] and named Léopoldville in honor of King [[Leopold II of Belgium|Léopold II of Belgium]], who ruled the vast territory that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The post flourished as the first navigable port along the Congo River above [[Livingstone Falls]]: at first, all goods arriving at Léopoldville from the interior would have to be carried by porter to the port of [[Matadi]] along the coast. The completion of a railroad in [[1898]] provided a viable means of transportation along the river's lower reaches and sparked the rapid development of Léopoldville. By 1920, the city was elevated to capital of the Belgian Congo, replacing the seaside town of [[Boma]]. [[Image:Brazzaville_ISS007-E-6305.jpg|350px|thumb|right|Image of Kinshasa and Brazzaville, taken by NASA]] In [[1965]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] seized power in the Congo in his second coup and initiated a policy of "Africanizing" the names of people and places in the country. In [[1966]] Léopoldville was renamed Kinshasa for a village that once stood near the site. The city grew rapidly under Mobutu, drawing people from across the country who came in search of their fortunes or to escape ethnic strife elsewhere. This inevitably brought about a change to the city's ethnic and linguistic composition as well. Although it is situated in territory that traditionally belongs to the [[Bakongo]] people, the ''lingua franca'' in Kinshasa today is not [[Kongo language|Kikongo]] but [[Lingala]]. Kinshasa suffered greatly due to Mobutu's excesses, mass corruption, nepotism and the civil war that led to his downfall. Nevertheless, it is still a major cultural and intellectual center (by Central African standards), with a flourishing community of musicians and artists. It is also the country's major industrial center, processing many of the natural products brought from the interior. The city has recently had to fend off rioting soldiers who were protesting the government's inability to pay them. ==Media== Kinshasa is home to a large number of radio and TV stations. The National TV is housed in the city. Its 2 channels reach more or less the entire country. In additional to these stations, there are nearly a dozen terrestrial stations reaching the environs of the city, and sometimes a bit beyond. == Makasa-web olibanda Wikipedia == *[http://www.boxing-memorabilia.com/aliforeman2.htm Rumble In The Jungle - Muhammad Ali Kinshasa, 1974] *[http://www.monuc.org/downloads/KINSHASA_IKONOS_SKETCH100.pdf Carte détaillée de Kinshasa] *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *[http://www.katembo.be/cartes/PlanLeoC.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1960) *[http://www.katembo.be/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) *[http://www.katembo.be/leopoldville1956.htm Photos de Léopoldville] *[http://www.katembo.be/Kin2005/index.htm Photos de Kinshasa 2005] *[http://www.stiopka.com/Leo/photos_leo.html Photos de Kinshasa / Léopoldville] ==Tala mpe== *[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Bingumba mikonzi ya Afrika]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bingumba bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[de:Kinshasa]] [[es:Kinshasa]] [[fr:Kinshasa]] [[he:&#1511;&#1497;&#1504;&#1513;&#1488;&#1505;&#1492;]] [[nl:Kinshasa]] [[ja:&#12461;&#12531;&#12471;&#12515;&#12469;]] [[no:Kinshasa]] [[os:&#1050;&#1080;&#1085;&#1096;&#1072;&#1089;æ]] [[pl:Kinszasa]] [[pt:Kinshasa]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1080;&#1085;&#1096;&#1072;&#1089;&#1072;]] [[fi:Kinshasa]] [[sv:Kinshasa]] {{ndambo}} {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} {{CommunesKinshasa}} 5978 2005-08-04T00:18:34Z 199.8.238.219 /* Makasa-web olibanda Wikipedia */ <div style="float:right">[[image:DCongoKinshasa.png]]</div> Engumba '''Kinshasa''' - ekoki kotangemene ''Kisásá'' to mpe ''Kíncása'' - (oyo eyebenaki kala o nkombo '''[[Leopoldville]]''') ezali '''[[Engumba mokonzi]]''' ya '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kongo Demokratiki]]''' to mpe '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''. Ezali mpe [[etuka|provinsi]] ya ekolo ena. Ezali engumba monene, na milioni 8 ya batu (est.). Elongo na nionso oyo, Kinshasa ezali engumba mibale na bingumba nionso ya mokili, na elobeli [[lifalansé]], na sima ya Engumba '''[[Pari]]''' ([[Falansia]]), mpe ezali okati ya bingumba minene koleka ya [[Afrika]] o sé ya [[Sahara]]. ==Jyografi== [[Image:Kinshasa.jpg|thumb|290px|Esika ya bapark ya bulevale ya 30 Yuni, Kinshasa, Kongo, Avrili 2003]] Kinshasa is a city of sharp contrasts, with posh residential and commercial areas, two universities, and sprawling slums coexisting side by side. Ekútání na mabele o loboko-ya-mwasi ya '''Ebale ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Kɔ́ngɔ]]'''. Na yango etalani pene-pene mpeza na '''[[Brazzaville]]''', [[Engumba-mokonzi|engumba-mokonzi]] ya '''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]''' to mpe '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]'''. Kinshasa ekútání na 4&deg;16' Sud, 15&deg;17' Este (-4.2667, 15.28333). Bisika minene ya ena engumba: [[Cité de l'OUA]], ndaku ya '''[[Bulamatari ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''; [[Komini ya Matonge]], oyo eyebani mokili mobimba pona [[malɛki-butu]] na yango; [[komini ya Gombe]]. Engumba oyo ezali na ba buatu ya ebale to mpe [[ferry|baferry]] na [[port]] ya [[Beach Ngobila]] mpo na kokende Brazzaville na [[Bangui]], na [[nzela-masinu]] tɛ́ na [[Matadi]], elongo na [[Aleopori ya N'Djili|Aleopori]] ya [[N'djili]]. Biloko minene oyo emonanaka mingi ezali [[Buludingi ya SOZACOM]], Hotel Inter-Continental na [[Hotel Memling]], [[Zando monene]] ya Kinshasa, '''[[Mizé ya Kinshasa]]''' na [[Académie des Beaux-Arts]]. [[Bulevale ya 30 Juin]] nde ekangasi biteni nionso ya ena engumba. ==Historia== The city was founded as a trading post by [[Henry Morton Stanley]] in [[1881]] and named Léopoldville in honor of King [[Leopold II of Belgium|Léopold II of Belgium]], who ruled the vast territory that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The post flourished as the first navigable port along the Congo River above [[Livingstone Falls]]: at first, all goods arriving at Léopoldville from the interior would have to be carried by porter to the port of [[Matadi]] along the coast. The completion of a railroad in [[1898]] provided a viable means of transportation along the river's lower reaches and sparked the rapid development of Léopoldville. By 1920, the city was elevated to capital of the Belgian Congo, replacing the seaside town of [[Boma]]. [[Image:Brazzaville_ISS007-E-6305.jpg|350px|thumb|right|Image of Kinshasa and Brazzaville, taken by NASA]] In [[1965]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] seized power in the Congo in his second coup and initiated a policy of "Africanizing" the names of people and places in the country. In [[1966]] Léopoldville was renamed Kinshasa for a village that once stood near the site. The city grew rapidly under Mobutu, drawing people from across the country who came in search of their fortunes or to escape ethnic strife elsewhere. This inevitably brought about a change to the city's ethnic and linguistic composition as well. Although it is situated in territory that traditionally belongs to the [[Bakongo]] people, the ''lingua franca'' in Kinshasa today is not [[Kongo language|Kikongo]] but [[Lingala]]. Kinshasa suffered greatly due to Mobutu's excesses, mass corruption, nepotism and the civil war that led to his downfall. Nevertheless, it is still a major cultural and intellectual center (by Central African standards), with a flourishing community of musicians and artists. It is also the country's major industrial center, processing many of the natural products brought from the interior. The city has recently had to fend off rioting soldiers who were protesting the government's inability to pay them. ==Media== Kinshasa is home to a large number of radio and TV stations. The National TV is housed in the city. Its 2 channels reach more or less the entire country. In additional to these stations, there are nearly a dozen terrestrial stations reaching the environs of the city, and sometimes a bit beyond. == Makasa-web olibanda Wikipedia == *{{en icon}} [http://www.boxing-memorabilia.com/aliforeman2.htm Rumble In The Jungle - Muhammad Ali Kinshasa, 1974] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.monuc.org/downloads/KINSHASA_IKONOS_SKETCH100.pdf Carte détaillée de Kinshasa] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/cartes/PlanLeoC.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1960) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/leopoldville1956.htm Photos de Léopoldville] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/Kin2005/index.htm Photos de Kinshasa 2005] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.stiopka.com/Leo/photos_leo.html Photos de Kinshasa / Léopoldville] ==Tala mpe== *[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Bingumba mikonzi ya Afrika]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bingumba bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[de:Kinshasa]] [[es:Kinshasa]] [[fr:Kinshasa]] [[he:&#1511;&#1497;&#1504;&#1513;&#1488;&#1505;&#1492;]] [[nl:Kinshasa]] [[ja:&#12461;&#12531;&#12471;&#12515;&#12469;]] [[no:Kinshasa]] [[os:&#1050;&#1080;&#1085;&#1096;&#1072;&#1089;æ]] [[pl:Kinszasa]] [[pt:Kinshasa]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1080;&#1085;&#1096;&#1072;&#1089;&#1072;]] [[fi:Kinshasa]] [[sv:Kinshasa]] {{ndambo}} {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} {{CommunesKinshasa}} 6213 2005-09-13T14:08:09Z 131.211.101.87 /* Historia */ <div style="float:right">[[image:DCongoKinshasa.png]]</div> Engumba '''Kinshasa''' - ekoki kotangemene ''Kisásá'' to mpe ''Kíncása'' - (oyo eyebenaki kala o nkombo '''[[Leopoldville]]''') ezali '''[[Engumba mokonzi]]''' ya '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kongo Demokratiki]]''' to mpe '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''. Ezali mpe [[etuka|provinsi]] ya ekolo ena. Ezali engumba monene, na milioni 8 ya batu (est.). Elongo na nionso oyo, Kinshasa ezali engumba mibale na bingumba nionso ya mokili, na elobeli [[lifalansé]], na sima ya Engumba '''[[Pari]]''' ([[Falansia]]), mpe ezali okati ya bingumba minene koleka ya [[Afrika]] o sé ya [[Sahara]]. ==Jyografi== [[Image:Kinshasa.jpg|thumb|290px|Esika ya bapark ya bulevale ya 30 Yuni, Kinshasa, Kongo, Avrili 2003]] Kinshasa is a city of sharp contrasts, with posh residential and commercial areas, two universities, and sprawling slums coexisting side by side. Ekútání na mabele o loboko-ya-mwasi ya '''Ebale ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Kɔ́ngɔ]]'''. Na yango etalani pene-pene mpeza na '''[[Brazzaville]]''', [[Engumba-mokonzi|engumba-mokonzi]] ya '''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]''' to mpe '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]'''. Kinshasa ekútání na 4&deg;16' Sud, 15&deg;17' Este (-4.2667, 15.28333). Bisika minene ya ena engumba: [[Cité de l'OUA]], ndaku ya '''[[Bulamatari ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''; [[Komini ya Matonge]], oyo eyebani mokili mobimba pona [[malɛki-butu]] na yango; [[komini ya Gombe]]. Engumba oyo ezali na ba buatu ya ebale to mpe [[ferry|baferry]] na [[port]] ya [[Beach Ngobila]] mpo na kokende Brazzaville na [[Bangui]], na [[nzela-masinu]] tɛ́ na [[Matadi]], elongo na [[Aleopori ya N'Djili|Aleopori]] ya [[N'djili]]. Biloko minene oyo emonanaka mingi ezali [[Buludingi ya SOZACOM]], Hotel Inter-Continental na [[Hotel Memling]], [[Zando monene]] ya Kinshasa, '''[[Mizé ya Kinshasa]]''' na [[Académie des Beaux-Arts]]. [[Bulevale ya 30 Juin]] nde ekangasi biteni nionso ya ena engumba. ==Historia== <!-- The city was founded as a trading post by [[Henry Morton Stanley]] in [[1881]] and named Léopoldville in honor of King [[Leopold II of Belgium|Léopold II of Belgium]], who ruled the vast territory that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The post flourished as the first navigable port along the Congo River above [[Livingstone Falls]]: at first, all goods arriving at Léopoldville from the interior would have to be carried by porter to the port of [[Matadi]] along the coast. The completion of a railroad in [[1898]] provided a viable means of transportation along the river's lower reaches and sparked the rapid development of Léopoldville. By 1920, the city was elevated to capital of the Belgian Congo, replacing the seaside town of [[Boma]]. --> [[Image:Brazzaville_ISS007-E-6305.jpg|350px|thumb|right|Image of Kinshasa and Brazzaville, taken by NASA]] <!-- In [[1965]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] seized power in the Congo in his second coup and initiated a policy of "Africanizing" the names of people and places in the country. In [[1966]] Léopoldville was renamed Kinshasa for a village that once stood near the site. The city grew rapidly under Mobutu, drawing people from across the country who came in search of their fortunes or to escape ethnic strife elsewhere. This inevitably brought about a change to the city's ethnic and linguistic composition as well. Although it is situated in territory that traditionally belongs to the [[Bakongo]] people, the ''lingua franca'' in Kinshasa today is not [[Kongo language|Kikongo]] but [[Lingala]]. Kinshasa suffered greatly due to Mobutu's excesses, mass corruption, nepotism and the civil war that led to his downfall. Nevertheless, it is still a major cultural and intellectual center (by Central African standards), with a flourishing community of musicians and artists. It is also the country's major industrial center, processing many of the natural products brought from the interior. The city has recently had to fend off rioting soldiers who were protesting the government's inability to pay them. --> ==Media== Kinshasa is home to a large number of radio and TV stations. The National TV is housed in the city. Its 2 channels reach more or less the entire country. In additional to these stations, there are nearly a dozen terrestrial stations reaching the environs of the city, and sometimes a bit beyond. == Makasa-web olibanda Wikipedia == *{{en icon}} [http://www.boxing-memorabilia.com/aliforeman2.htm Rumble In The Jungle - Muhammad Ali Kinshasa, 1974] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.monuc.org/downloads/KINSHASA_IKONOS_SKETCH100.pdf Carte détaillée de Kinshasa] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/cartes/PlanLeoC.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1960) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/leopoldville1956.htm Photos de Léopoldville] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/Kin2005/index.htm Photos de Kinshasa 2005] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.stiopka.com/Leo/photos_leo.html Photos de Kinshasa / Léopoldville] ==Tala mpe== *[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Bingumba mikonzi ya Afrika]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bingumba bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[de:Kinshasa]] [[es:Kinshasa]] [[fr:Kinshasa]] [[he:&#1511;&#1497;&#1504;&#1513;&#1488;&#1505;&#1492;]] [[nl:Kinshasa]] [[ja:&#12461;&#12531;&#12471;&#12515;&#12469;]] [[no:Kinshasa]] [[os:&#1050;&#1080;&#1085;&#1096;&#1072;&#1089;æ]] [[pl:Kinszasa]] [[pt:Kinshasa]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1080;&#1085;&#1096;&#1072;&#1089;&#1072;]] [[fi:Kinshasa]] [[sv:Kinshasa]] {{ndambo}} {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} {{CommunesKinshasa}} 6214 2005-09-13T14:11:36Z 131.211.101.87 /* Media */ <div style="float:right">[[image:DCongoKinshasa.png]]</div> Engumba '''Kinshasa''' - ekoki kotangemene ''Kisásá'' to mpe ''Kíncása'' - (oyo eyebenaki kala o nkombo '''[[Leopoldville]]''') ezali '''[[Engumba mokonzi]]''' ya '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kongo Demokratiki]]''' to mpe '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''. Ezali mpe [[etuka|provinsi]] ya ekolo ena. Ezali engumba monene, na milioni 8 ya batu (est.). Elongo na nionso oyo, Kinshasa ezali engumba mibale na bingumba nionso ya mokili, na elobeli [[lifalansé]], na sima ya Engumba '''[[Pari]]''' ([[Falansia]]), mpe ezali okati ya bingumba minene koleka ya [[Afrika]] o sé ya [[Sahara]]. ==Jyografi== [[Image:Kinshasa.jpg|thumb|290px|Esika ya bapark ya bulevale ya 30 Yuni, Kinshasa, Kongo, Avrili 2003]] Kinshasa is a city of sharp contrasts, with posh residential and commercial areas, two universities, and sprawling slums coexisting side by side. Ekútání na mabele o loboko-ya-mwasi ya '''Ebale ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Kɔ́ngɔ]]'''. Na yango etalani pene-pene mpeza na '''[[Brazzaville]]''', [[Engumba-mokonzi|engumba-mokonzi]] ya '''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]''' to mpe '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]'''. Kinshasa ekútání na 4&deg;16' Sud, 15&deg;17' Este (-4.2667, 15.28333). Bisika minene ya ena engumba: [[Cité de l'OUA]], ndaku ya '''[[Bulamatari ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''; [[Komini ya Matonge]], oyo eyebani mokili mobimba pona [[malɛki-butu]] na yango; [[komini ya Gombe]]. Engumba oyo ezali na ba buatu ya ebale to mpe [[ferry|baferry]] na [[port]] ya [[Beach Ngobila]] mpo na kokende Brazzaville na [[Bangui]], na [[nzela-masinu]] tɛ́ na [[Matadi]], elongo na [[Aleopori ya N'Djili|Aleopori]] ya [[N'djili]]. Biloko minene oyo emonanaka mingi ezali [[Buludingi ya SOZACOM]], Hotel Inter-Continental na [[Hotel Memling]], [[Zando monene]] ya Kinshasa, '''[[Mizé ya Kinshasa]]''' na [[Académie des Beaux-Arts]]. [[Bulevale ya 30 Juin]] nde ekangasi biteni nionso ya ena engumba. ==Historia== <!-- The city was founded as a trading post by [[Henry Morton Stanley]] in [[1881]] and named Léopoldville in honor of King [[Leopold II of Belgium|Léopold II of Belgium]], who ruled the vast territory that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The post flourished as the first navigable port along the Congo River above [[Livingstone Falls]]: at first, all goods arriving at Léopoldville from the interior would have to be carried by porter to the port of [[Matadi]] along the coast. The completion of a railroad in [[1898]] provided a viable means of transportation along the river's lower reaches and sparked the rapid development of Léopoldville. By 1920, the city was elevated to capital of the Belgian Congo, replacing the seaside town of [[Boma]]. --> [[Image:Brazzaville_ISS007-E-6305.jpg|350px|thumb|right|Image of Kinshasa and Brazzaville, taken by NASA]] <!-- In [[1965]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] seized power in the Congo in his second coup and initiated a policy of "Africanizing" the names of people and places in the country. In [[1966]] Léopoldville was renamed Kinshasa for a village that once stood near the site. The city grew rapidly under Mobutu, drawing people from across the country who came in search of their fortunes or to escape ethnic strife elsewhere. This inevitably brought about a change to the city's ethnic and linguistic composition as well. Although it is situated in territory that traditionally belongs to the [[Bakongo]] people, the ''lingua franca'' in Kinshasa today is not [[Kongo language|Kikongo]] but [[Lingala]]. Kinshasa suffered greatly due to Mobutu's excesses, mass corruption, nepotism and the civil war that led to his downfall. Nevertheless, it is still a major cultural and intellectual center (by Central African standards), with a flourishing community of musicians and artists. It is also the country's major industrial center, processing many of the natural products brought from the interior. The city has recently had to fend off rioting soldiers who were protesting the government's inability to pay them. --> ==Media== <!--Kinshasa is home to a large number of radio and TV stations. The National TV is housed in the city. Its 2 channels reach more or less the entire country. In additional to these stations, there are nearly a dozen terrestrial stations reaching the environs of the city, and sometimes a bit beyond.--> == Makasa-web olibanda Wikipedia == *{{en icon}} [http://www.boxing-memorabilia.com/aliforeman2.htm Rumble In The Jungle - Muhammad Ali Kinshasa, 1974] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.monuc.org/downloads/KINSHASA_IKONOS_SKETCH100.pdf Carte détaillée de Kinshasa] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/cartes/PlanLeoC.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1960) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/leopoldville1956.htm Photos de Léopoldville] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/Kin2005/index.htm Photos de Kinshasa 2005] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.stiopka.com/Leo/photos_leo.html Photos de Kinshasa / Léopoldville] ==Tala mpe== *[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Bingumba mikonzi ya Afrika]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bingumba bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[de:Kinshasa]] [[es:Kinshasa]] [[fr:Kinshasa]] [[he:&#1511;&#1497;&#1504;&#1513;&#1488;&#1505;&#1492;]] [[nl:Kinshasa]] [[ja:&#12461;&#12531;&#12471;&#12515;&#12469;]] [[no:Kinshasa]] [[os:&#1050;&#1080;&#1085;&#1096;&#1072;&#1089;æ]] [[pl:Kinszasa]] [[pt:Kinshasa]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1080;&#1085;&#1096;&#1072;&#1089;&#1072;]] [[fi:Kinshasa]] [[sv:Kinshasa]] {{ndambo}} {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} {{CommunesKinshasa}} 6392 2005-09-29T10:48:13Z Bombo 12 /* Jyografi */ img <div style="float:right">[[image:DCongoKinshasa.png]]</div> Engumba '''Kinshasa''' - ekoki kotangemene ''Kisásá'' to mpe ''Kíncása'' - (oyo eyebenaki kala o nkombo '''[[Leopoldville]]''') ezali '''[[Engumba mokonzi]]''' ya '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kongo Demokratiki]]''' to mpe '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''. Ezali mpe [[etuka|provinsi]] ya ekolo ena. Ezali engumba monene, na milioni 8 ya batu (est.). Elongo na nionso oyo, Kinshasa ezali engumba mibale na bingumba nionso ya mokili, na elobeli [[lifalansé]], na sima ya Engumba '''[[Pari]]''' ([[Falansia]]), mpe ezali okati ya bingumba minene koleka ya [[Afrika]] o sé ya [[Sahara]]. ==Jyografi== [[Image:Kinshasa 2001.jpg|thumb|290px|Kinshasa, Kongo, 2001]] [[Image:Kinshasa.jpg|thumb|290px|Esika ya bapark ya bulevale ya 30 Yuni, Kinshasa, Kongo, Avrili 2003]] Kinshasa is a city of sharp contrasts, with posh residential and commercial areas, two universities, and sprawling slums coexisting side by side. Ekútání na mabele o loboko-ya-mwasi ya '''Ebale ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Kɔ́ngɔ]]'''. Na yango etalani pene-pene mpeza na '''[[Brazzaville]]''', [[Engumba-mokonzi|engumba-mokonzi]] ya '''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]''' to mpe '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]'''. Kinshasa ekútání na 4&deg;16' Sud, 15&deg;17' Este (-4.2667, 15.28333). Bisika minene ya ena engumba: [[Cité de l'OUA]], ndaku ya '''[[Bulamatari ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''; [[Komini ya Matonge]], oyo eyebani mokili mobimba pona [[malɛki-butu]] na yango; [[komini ya Gombe]]. Engumba oyo ezali na ba buatu ya ebale to mpe [[ferry|baferry]] na [[port]] ya [[Beach Ngobila]] mpo na kokende Brazzaville na [[Bangui]], na [[nzela-masinu]] tɛ́ na [[Matadi]], elongo na [[Aleopori ya N'Djili|Aleopori]] ya [[N'djili]]. Biloko minene oyo emonanaka mingi ezali [[Buludingi ya SOZACOM]], Hotel Inter-Continental na [[Hotel Memling]], [[Zando monene]] ya Kinshasa, '''[[Mizé ya Kinshasa]]''' na [[Académie des Beaux-Arts]]. [[Bulevale ya 30 Juin]] nde ekangasi biteni nionso ya ena engumba. ==Historia== <!-- The city was founded as a trading post by [[Henry Morton Stanley]] in [[1881]] and named Léopoldville in honor of King [[Leopold II of Belgium|Léopold II of Belgium]], who ruled the vast territory that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The post flourished as the first navigable port along the Congo River above [[Livingstone Falls]]: at first, all goods arriving at Léopoldville from the interior would have to be carried by porter to the port of [[Matadi]] along the coast. The completion of a railroad in [[1898]] provided a viable means of transportation along the river's lower reaches and sparked the rapid development of Léopoldville. By 1920, the city was elevated to capital of the Belgian Congo, replacing the seaside town of [[Boma]]. --> [[Image:Brazzaville_ISS007-E-6305.jpg|350px|thumb|right|Image of Kinshasa and Brazzaville, taken by NASA]] <!-- In [[1965]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] seized power in the Congo in his second coup and initiated a policy of "Africanizing" the names of people and places in the country. In [[1966]] Léopoldville was renamed Kinshasa for a village that once stood near the site. The city grew rapidly under Mobutu, drawing people from across the country who came in search of their fortunes or to escape ethnic strife elsewhere. This inevitably brought about a change to the city's ethnic and linguistic composition as well. Although it is situated in territory that traditionally belongs to the [[Bakongo]] people, the ''lingua franca'' in Kinshasa today is not [[Kongo language|Kikongo]] but [[Lingala]]. Kinshasa suffered greatly due to Mobutu's excesses, mass corruption, nepotism and the civil war that led to his downfall. Nevertheless, it is still a major cultural and intellectual center (by Central African standards), with a flourishing community of musicians and artists. It is also the country's major industrial center, processing many of the natural products brought from the interior. The city has recently had to fend off rioting soldiers who were protesting the government's inability to pay them. --> ==Media== <!--Kinshasa is home to a large number of radio and TV stations. The National TV is housed in the city. Its 2 channels reach more or less the entire country. In additional to these stations, there are nearly a dozen terrestrial stations reaching the environs of the city, and sometimes a bit beyond.--> == Makasa-web olibanda Wikipedia == *{{en icon}} [http://www.boxing-memorabilia.com/aliforeman2.htm Rumble In The Jungle - Muhammad Ali Kinshasa, 1974] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.monuc.org/downloads/KINSHASA_IKONOS_SKETCH100.pdf Carte détaillée de Kinshasa] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/cartes/PlanLeoC.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1960) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/leopoldville1956.htm Photos de Léopoldville] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/Kin2005/index.htm Photos de Kinshasa 2005] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.stiopka.com/Leo/photos_leo.html Photos de Kinshasa / Léopoldville] ==Tala mpe== *[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Bingumba mikonzi ya Afrika]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bingumba bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[de:Kinshasa]] [[es:Kinshasa]] [[fr:Kinshasa]] [[he:&#1511;&#1497;&#1504;&#1513;&#1488;&#1505;&#1492;]] [[nl:Kinshasa]] [[ja:&#12461;&#12531;&#12471;&#12515;&#12469;]] [[no:Kinshasa]] [[os:&#1050;&#1080;&#1085;&#1096;&#1072;&#1089;æ]] [[pl:Kinszasa]] [[pt:Kinshasa]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1080;&#1085;&#1096;&#1072;&#1089;&#1072;]] [[fi:Kinshasa]] [[sv:Kinshasa]] {{ndambo}} {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} {{CommunesKinshasa}} 7518 2006-01-06T03:14:28Z Moyogo 11 ortho <div style="float:right">[[image:DCongoKinshasa.png]]</div> Mbóka tô engúmba '''Kinshasa''' - ekokí kotangemene ''Kisásá'' tǒ mpé ''Kincásá'' - (óyo eyebenákí kala o nkómbó '''[[Léopoldville]]''') ezalí '''[[mbóka-mokonzi]]''' ya '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' tǒ̂ mpé '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''. Ezalí mpé [[etuka]] (''province'') ya ekólo êná. Ezalí engúmba monɛ́nɛ, na milioni 8 ya bato (est.). Elongo na nyɔ́nsɔ óyo, Kinshasa ezalí engúmba ya míbalé na bingumba nyɔ́nsɔ ya mokili, na elobelí [[lifalansé]], na sima ya engúmba '''[[Pari]]''' ([[Falansia]]), mpé ezalí o káti ya bingúmba minɛ́nɛ koleka ya [[Afrika]] o nsé ya [[Sahara]]. == Jyografi == [[Image:Kinshasa 2001.jpg|thumb|290px|Kinshasa, Kongo, 2001]] [[Image:Kinshasa.jpg|thumb|290px|Esika ya bapark ya bulevale ya 30 Yuni, Kinshasa, Kongo, Avrili 2003]] <!-- Kinshasa is a city of sharp contrasts, with posh residential and commercial areas, two universities, and sprawling slums coexisting side by side. --> Ekútání na mabele o loboko-ya-mwǎsí ya '''Ebale ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Kɔ́ngɔ]]'''. Na yangó etalaní pɛnɛ-pɛnɛ mpenza na '''[[Brazzaville]]''', [[mbóka-mokonzi]] ya '''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]''' tǒ mpé '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]'''. Kinshasa ekútání na 4&deg;16' Sud, 15&deg;17' Este (-4.2667, 15.28333). Bisíká minɛ́nɛ ya êná engúmba: [[Cité de l'OUA]], ndáko ya '''[[Bulamatari ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''; [[Komini ya Matonge]], óyo eyebaní mokili mobimba mpɔ̂ na [[malɛki-butu]] na yangó; [[komini ya Gombe]]. Engúmba óyo ezalí na [[bwǎto|mǎto]] ya ebale tǒ mpé [[ferry|baferry]] na [[esɛ́mɛlɔ]] ya [[Beach Ngobila]] mpɔ̂ na kokɛndɛ Brazzaville na [[Bangi]], na [[nzéla-masinu]] ’te na [[Matadi]], elongo na [[Aleopori ya N'Djili|Aleopori]] ya [[N’djili]]. Bilóko minɛ́nɛ óyo emonanaka míngi ezalí [[Buludingi ya SOZACOM]], Hotel Inter-Continental na [[Hotel Memling]], [[Zando monene]] ya Kinshasa, '''[[Mizé ya Kinshasa]]''' na [[Académie des Beaux-Arts]]. [[Bulevale ya 30 Juin]] ndé ekangasí biténi nyɔ́nsɔ ya êná engúmba. ==Historia== <!-- The city was founded as a trading post by [[Henry Morton Stanley]] in [[1881]] and named Léopoldville in honor of King [[Leopold II of Belgium|Léopold II of Belgium]], who ruled the vast territory that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The post flourished as the first navigable port along the Congo River above [[Livingstone Falls]]: at first, all goods arriving at Léopoldville from the interior would have to be carried by porter to the port of [[Matadi]] along the coast. The completion of a railroad in [[1898]] provided a viable means of transportation along the river's lower reaches and sparked the rapid development of Léopoldville. By 1920, the city was elevated to capital of the Belgian Congo, replacing the seaside town of [[Boma]]. --> [[Image:Brazzaville_ISS007-E-6305.jpg|350px|thumb|right|Image of Kinshasa and Brazzaville, taken by NASA]] <!-- In [[1965]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] seized power in the Congo in his second coup and initiated a policy of "Africanizing" the names of people and places in the country. In [[1966]] Léopoldville was renamed Kinshasa for a village that once stood near the site. The city grew rapidly under Mobutu, drawing people from across the country who came in search of their fortunes or to escape ethnic strife elsewhere. This inevitably brought about a change to the city's ethnic and linguistic composition as well. Although it is situated in territory that traditionally belongs to the [[Bakongo]] people, the ''lingua franca'' in Kinshasa today is not [[Kongo language|Kikongo]] but [[Lingala]]. Kinshasa suffered greatly due to Mobutu's excesses, mass corruption, nepotism and the civil war that led to his downfall. Nevertheless, it is still a major cultural and intellectual center (by Central African standards), with a flourishing community of musicians and artists. It is also the country's major industrial center, processing many of the natural products brought from the interior. The city has recently had to fend off rioting soldiers who were protesting the government's inability to pay them. --> ==Media== <!--Kinshasa is home to a large number of radio and TV stations. The National TV is housed in the city. Its 2 channels reach more or less the entire country. In additional to these stations, there are nearly a dozen terrestrial stations reaching the environs of the city, and sometimes a bit beyond.--> == Nkásá-web o libándá Wikipedia == *{{en icon}} [http://www.boxing-memorabilia.com/aliforeman2.htm Rumble In The Jungle - Muhammad Ali Kinshasa, 1974] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.monuc.org/downloads/KINSHASA_IKONOS_SKETCH100.pdf Carte détaillée de Kinshasa] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/cartes/PlanLeoC.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1960) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/leopoldville1956.htm Photos de Léopoldville] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/Kin2005/index.htm Photos de Kinshasa 2005] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.stiopka.com/Leo/photos_leo.html Photos de Kinshasa / Léopoldville] ==Tálá mpé== *[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Bingumba mikonzi ya Afrika]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bingumba bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[de:Kinshasa]] [[es:Kinshasa]] [[fr:Kinshasa]] [[he:&#1511;&#1497;&#1504;&#1513;&#1488;&#1505;&#1492;]] [[nl:Kinshasa]] [[ja:&#12461;&#12531;&#12471;&#12515;&#12469;]] [[no:Kinshasa]] [[os:&#1050;&#1080;&#1085;&#1096;&#1072;&#1089;æ]] [[pl:Kinszasa]] [[pt:Kinshasa]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1080;&#1085;&#1096;&#1072;&#1089;&#1072;]] [[fi:Kinshasa]] [[sv:Kinshasa]] {{ndambo}} {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} {{CommunesKinshasa}} 7523 2006-01-06T03:19:37Z Moyogo 11 <div style="float:right">[[image:DCongoKinshasa.png]]</div> Mbóka tô engúmba '''Kinshasa''' - ekokí kotangemene ''Kisásá'' tǒ mpé ''Kincásá'' - (óyo eyebenákí kala o nkómbó '''[[Léopoldville]]''') ezalí '''[[mbóka-mokonzi]]''' ya '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' tǒ mpé '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''. Ezalí mpé [[etuka]] (''province'') ya ekólo êná. Ezalí engúmba monɛ́nɛ, na milioni 8 ya bato (est.). Elongo na nyɔ́nsɔ óyo, Kinshasa ezalí engúmba ya míbalé na bingumba nyɔ́nsɔ ya mokili, na elobelí [[lifalansé]], na sima ya engúmba '''[[Pari]]''' ([[Falansia]]), mpé ezalí o káti ya bingúmba minɛ́nɛ koleka ya [[Afrika]] o nsé ya [[Sahara]]. == Jyografi == [[Image:Kinshasa 2001.jpg|thumb|290px|Kinshasa, Kongo, 2001]] [[Image:Kinshasa.jpg|thumb|290px|Esika ya bapark ya bulevale ya 30 Yuni, Kinshasa, Kongo, Avrili 2003]] <!-- Kinshasa is a city of sharp contrasts, with posh residential and commercial areas, two universities, and sprawling slums coexisting side by side. --> Ekútání na mabele o loboko-ya-mwǎsí ya '''Ebale ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Kɔ́ngɔ]]'''. Na yangó etalaní pɛnɛ-pɛnɛ mpenza na '''[[Brazzaville]]''', [[mbóka-mokonzi]] ya '''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]''' tǒ mpé '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]'''. Kinshasa ekútání na 4&deg;16' Sud, 15&deg;17' Este (-4.2667, 15.28333). Bisíká minɛ́nɛ ya êná engúmba: [[Cité de l'OUA]], ndáko ya '''[[Bulamatari ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''; [[Komini ya Matonge]], óyo eyebaní mokili mobimba mpɔ̂ na [[malɛki-butu]] na yangó; [[komini ya Gombe]]. Engúmba óyo ezalí na [[bwǎto|mǎto]] ya ebale tǒ mpé [[ferry|baferry]] na [[esɛ́mɛlɔ]] ya [[Beach Ngobila]] mpɔ̂ na kokɛndɛ Brazzaville na [[Bangi]], na [[nzéla-masinu]] ’te na [[Matadi]], elongo na [[Aleopori ya N'Djili|Aleopori]] ya [[N’djili]]. Bilóko minɛ́nɛ óyo emonanaka míngi ezalí [[Buludingi ya SOZACOM]], Hotel Inter-Continental na [[Hotel Memling]], [[Zando monene]] ya Kinshasa, '''[[Mizé ya Kinshasa]]''' na [[Académie des Beaux-Arts]]. [[Bulevale ya 30 Juin]] ndé ekangasí biténi nyɔ́nsɔ ya êná engúmba. ==Historia== <!-- The city was founded as a trading post by [[Henry Morton Stanley]] in [[1881]] and named Léopoldville in honor of King [[Leopold II of Belgium|Léopold II of Belgium]], who ruled the vast territory that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The post flourished as the first navigable port along the Congo River above [[Livingstone Falls]]: at first, all goods arriving at Léopoldville from the interior would have to be carried by porter to the port of [[Matadi]] along the coast. The completion of a railroad in [[1898]] provided a viable means of transportation along the river's lower reaches and sparked the rapid development of Léopoldville. By 1920, the city was elevated to capital of the Belgian Congo, replacing the seaside town of [[Boma]]. --> [[Image:Brazzaville_ISS007-E-6305.jpg|350px|thumb|right|Image of Kinshasa and Brazzaville, taken by NASA]] <!-- In [[1965]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] seized power in the Congo in his second coup and initiated a policy of "Africanizing" the names of people and places in the country. In [[1966]] Léopoldville was renamed Kinshasa for a village that once stood near the site. The city grew rapidly under Mobutu, drawing people from across the country who came in search of their fortunes or to escape ethnic strife elsewhere. This inevitably brought about a change to the city's ethnic and linguistic composition as well. Although it is situated in territory that traditionally belongs to the [[Bakongo]] people, the ''lingua franca'' in Kinshasa today is not [[Kongo language|Kikongo]] but [[Lingala]]. Kinshasa suffered greatly due to Mobutu's excesses, mass corruption, nepotism and the civil war that led to his downfall. Nevertheless, it is still a major cultural and intellectual center (by Central African standards), with a flourishing community of musicians and artists. It is also the country's major industrial center, processing many of the natural products brought from the interior. The city has recently had to fend off rioting soldiers who were protesting the government's inability to pay them. --> ==Media== <!--Kinshasa is home to a large number of radio and TV stations. The National TV is housed in the city. Its 2 channels reach more or less the entire country. In additional to these stations, there are nearly a dozen terrestrial stations reaching the environs of the city, and sometimes a bit beyond.--> == Nkásá-web o libándá Wikipedia == *{{en icon}} [http://www.boxing-memorabilia.com/aliforeman2.htm Rumble In The Jungle - Muhammad Ali Kinshasa, 1974] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.monuc.org/downloads/KINSHASA_IKONOS_SKETCH100.pdf Carte détaillée de Kinshasa] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/cartes/PlanLeoC.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1960) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/leopoldville1956.htm Photos de Léopoldville] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/Kin2005/index.htm Photos de Kinshasa 2005] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.stiopka.com/Leo/photos_leo.html Photos de Kinshasa / Léopoldville] ==Tálá mpé== *[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Bingumba mikonzi ya Afrika]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bingumba bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[de:Kinshasa]] [[es:Kinshasa]] [[fr:Kinshasa]] [[he:&#1511;&#1497;&#1504;&#1513;&#1488;&#1505;&#1492;]] [[nl:Kinshasa]] [[ja:&#12461;&#12531;&#12471;&#12515;&#12469;]] [[no:Kinshasa]] [[os:&#1050;&#1080;&#1085;&#1096;&#1072;&#1089;æ]] [[pl:Kinszasa]] [[pt:Kinshasa]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1080;&#1085;&#1096;&#1072;&#1089;&#1072;]] [[fi:Kinshasa]] [[sv:Kinshasa]] {{ndambo}} {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} {{CommunesKinshasa}} 7730 2006-02-21T20:59:05Z Moyogo 11 <div style="float:right">[[image:DCongoKinshasa.png]]</div> Mbóka tô engúmba '''Kinshasa''' - ekokí kotangemene ''Kisásá'' tǒ mpé ''Kincásá'' - (óyo eyebenákí kala o nkómbó '''[[Léopoldville]]''') ezalí '''[[mbóka-mokonzi]]''' ya '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' tǒ mpé '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''. Ezalí mpé [[etúká]] (''province'') ya ekólo êná. Ezalí engúmba monɛ́nɛ, na milioni 8 ya bato (est.). Elongo na nyɔ́nsɔ óyo, Kinshasa ezalí engúmba ya míbalé na bingumba nyɔ́nsɔ ya mokili, na elobelí [[lifalansé]], na sima ya engúmba '''[[Pari]]''' ([[Falansia]]), mpé ezalí o káti ya bingúmba minɛ́nɛ koleka ya [[Afrika]] o nsé ya [[Sahara]]. == Jyografi == [[Image:Kinshasa 2001.jpg|thumb|290px|Kinshasa, Kongo, 2001]] [[Image:Kinshasa.jpg|thumb|290px|Esika ya bapark ya bulevale ya 30 Yuni, Kinshasa, Kongo, Avrili 2003]] <!-- Kinshasa is a city of sharp contrasts, with posh residential and commercial areas, two universities, and sprawling slums coexisting side by side. --> Ekútání na mabele o loboko-ya-mwǎsí ya '''Ebale ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Kɔ́ngɔ]]'''. Na yangó etalaní pɛnɛ-pɛnɛ mpenza na '''[[Brazzaville]]''', [[mbóka-mokonzi]] ya '''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]''' tǒ mpé '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]'''. Kinshasa ekútání na 4&deg;16' Sud, 15&deg;17' Este (-4.2667, 15.28333). Bisíká minɛ́nɛ ya êná engúmba: [[Cité de l'OUA]], ndáko ya '''[[Bulamatari ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''; [[Komini ya Matonge]], óyo eyebaní mokili mobimba mpɔ̂ na [[malɛki-butu]] na yangó; [[komini ya Gombe]]. Engúmba óyo ezalí na [[bwǎto|mǎto]] ya ebale tǒ mpé [[ferry|baferry]] na [[esɛ́mɛlɔ]] ya [[Beach Ngobila]] mpɔ̂ na kokɛndɛ Brazzaville na [[Bangi]], na [[nzéla-masinu]] ’te na [[Matadi]], elongo na [[Aleopori ya N'Djili|Aleopori]] ya [[N’djili]]. Bilóko minɛ́nɛ óyo emonanaka míngi ezalí [[Buludingi ya SOZACOM]], Hotel Inter-Continental na [[Hotel Memling]], [[Zando monene]] ya Kinshasa, '''[[Mizé ya Kinshasa]]''' na [[Académie des Beaux-Arts]]. [[Bulevale ya 30 Juin]] ndé ekangasí biténi nyɔ́nsɔ ya êná engúmba. ==Historia== <!-- The city was founded as a trading post by [[Henry Morton Stanley]] in [[1881]] and named Léopoldville in honor of King [[Leopold II of Belgium|Léopold II of Belgium]], who ruled the vast territory that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The post flourished as the first navigable port along the Congo River above [[Livingstone Falls]]: at first, all goods arriving at Léopoldville from the interior would have to be carried by porter to the port of [[Matadi]] along the coast. The completion of a railroad in [[1898]] provided a viable means of transportation along the river's lower reaches and sparked the rapid development of Léopoldville. By 1920, the city was elevated to capital of the Belgian Congo, replacing the seaside town of [[Boma]]. --> [[Image:Brazzaville_ISS007-E-6305.jpg|350px|thumb|right|Image of Kinshasa and Brazzaville, taken by NASA]] <!-- In [[1965]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] seized power in the Congo in his second coup and initiated a policy of "Africanizing" the names of people and places in the country. In [[1966]] Léopoldville was renamed Kinshasa for a village that once stood near the site. The city grew rapidly under Mobutu, drawing people from across the country who came in search of their fortunes or to escape ethnic strife elsewhere. This inevitably brought about a change to the city's ethnic and linguistic composition as well. Although it is situated in territory that traditionally belongs to the [[Bakongo]] people, the ''lingua franca'' in Kinshasa today is not [[Kongo language|Kikongo]] but [[Lingala]]. Kinshasa suffered greatly due to Mobutu's excesses, mass corruption, nepotism and the civil war that led to his downfall. Nevertheless, it is still a major cultural and intellectual center (by Central African standards), with a flourishing community of musicians and artists. It is also the country's major industrial center, processing many of the natural products brought from the interior. The city has recently had to fend off rioting soldiers who were protesting the government's inability to pay them. --> ==Media== <!--Kinshasa is home to a large number of radio and TV stations. The National TV is housed in the city. Its 2 channels reach more or less the entire country. In additional to these stations, there are nearly a dozen terrestrial stations reaching the environs of the city, and sometimes a bit beyond.--> == Nkásá-web o libándá Wikipedia == *{{en icon}} [http://www.boxing-memorabilia.com/aliforeman2.htm Rumble In The Jungle - Muhammad Ali Kinshasa, 1974] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.monuc.org/downloads/KINSHASA_IKONOS_SKETCH100.pdf Carte détaillée de Kinshasa] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/cartes/PlanLeoC.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1960) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/leopoldville1956.htm Photos de Léopoldville] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/Kin2005/index.htm Photos de Kinshasa 2005] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.stiopka.com/Leo/photos_leo.html Photos de Kinshasa / Léopoldville] ==Tálá mpé== *[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Bingumba mikonzi ya Afrika]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bingumba bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[de:Kinshasa]] [[es:Kinshasa]] [[fr:Kinshasa]] [[he:&#1511;&#1497;&#1504;&#1513;&#1488;&#1505;&#1492;]] [[nl:Kinshasa]] [[ja:&#12461;&#12531;&#12471;&#12515;&#12469;]] [[no:Kinshasa]] [[os:&#1050;&#1080;&#1085;&#1096;&#1072;&#1089;æ]] [[pl:Kinszasa]] [[pt:Kinshasa]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1080;&#1085;&#1096;&#1072;&#1089;&#1072;]] [[fi:Kinshasa]] [[sv:Kinshasa]] {{ndambo}} {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} {{CommunesKinshasa}} 7959 2006-04-05T04:46:07Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: da, en, gl, id, io, is, it, kg, ko, lt, nn, scn, simple, sk, zh <div style="float:right">[[image:DCongoKinshasa.png]]</div> Mbóka tô engúmba '''Kinshasa''' - ekokí kotangemene ''Kisásá'' tǒ mpé ''Kincásá'' - (óyo eyebenákí kala o nkómbó '''[[Léopoldville]]''') ezalí '''[[mbóka-mokonzi]]''' ya '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' tǒ mpé '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''. Ezalí mpé [[etúká]] (''province'') ya ekólo êná. Ezalí engúmba monɛ́nɛ, na milioni 8 ya bato (est.). Elongo na nyɔ́nsɔ óyo, Kinshasa ezalí engúmba ya míbalé na bingumba nyɔ́nsɔ ya mokili, na elobelí [[lifalansé]], na sima ya engúmba '''[[Pari]]''' ([[Falansia]]), mpé ezalí o káti ya bingúmba minɛ́nɛ koleka ya [[Afrika]] o nsé ya [[Sahara]]. == Jyografi == [[Image:Kinshasa 2001.jpg|thumb|290px|Kinshasa, Kongo, 2001]] [[Image:Kinshasa.jpg|thumb|290px|Esika ya bapark ya bulevale ya 30 Yuni, Kinshasa, Kongo, Avrili 2003]] <!-- Kinshasa is a city of sharp contrasts, with posh residential and commercial areas, two universities, and sprawling slums coexisting side by side. --> Ekútání na mabele o loboko-ya-mwǎsí ya '''Ebale ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Kɔ́ngɔ]]'''. Na yangó etalaní pɛnɛ-pɛnɛ mpenza na '''[[Brazzaville]]''', [[mbóka-mokonzi]] ya '''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]''' tǒ mpé '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]'''. Kinshasa ekútání na 4&deg;16' Sud, 15&deg;17' Este (-4.2667, 15.28333). Bisíká minɛ́nɛ ya êná engúmba: [[Cité de l'OUA]], ndáko ya '''[[Bulamatari ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''; [[Komini ya Matonge]], óyo eyebaní mokili mobimba mpɔ̂ na [[malɛki-butu]] na yangó; [[komini ya Gombe]]. Engúmba óyo ezalí na [[bwǎto|mǎto]] ya ebale tǒ mpé [[ferry|baferry]] na [[esɛ́mɛlɔ]] ya [[Beach Ngobila]] mpɔ̂ na kokɛndɛ Brazzaville na [[Bangi]], na [[nzéla-masinu]] ’te na [[Matadi]], elongo na [[Aleopori ya N'Djili|Aleopori]] ya [[N’djili]]. Bilóko minɛ́nɛ óyo emonanaka míngi ezalí [[Buludingi ya SOZACOM]], Hotel Inter-Continental na [[Hotel Memling]], [[Zando monene]] ya Kinshasa, '''[[Mizé ya Kinshasa]]''' na [[Académie des Beaux-Arts]]. [[Bulevale ya 30 Juin]] ndé ekangasí biténi nyɔ́nsɔ ya êná engúmba. ==Historia== <!-- The city was founded as a trading post by [[Henry Morton Stanley]] in [[1881]] and named Léopoldville in honor of King [[Leopold II of Belgium|Léopold II of Belgium]], who ruled the vast territory that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The post flourished as the first navigable port along the Congo River above [[Livingstone Falls]]: at first, all goods arriving at Léopoldville from the interior would have to be carried by porter to the port of [[Matadi]] along the coast. The completion of a railroad in [[1898]] provided a viable means of transportation along the river's lower reaches and sparked the rapid development of Léopoldville. By 1920, the city was elevated to capital of the Belgian Congo, replacing the seaside town of [[Boma]]. --> [[Image:Brazzaville_ISS007-E-6305.jpg|350px|thumb|right|Image of Kinshasa and Brazzaville, taken by NASA]] <!-- In [[1965]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] seized power in the Congo in his second coup and initiated a policy of "Africanizing" the names of people and places in the country. In [[1966]] Léopoldville was renamed Kinshasa for a village that once stood near the site. The city grew rapidly under Mobutu, drawing people from across the country who came in search of their fortunes or to escape ethnic strife elsewhere. This inevitably brought about a change to the city's ethnic and linguistic composition as well. Although it is situated in territory that traditionally belongs to the [[Bakongo]] people, the ''lingua franca'' in Kinshasa today is not [[Kongo language|Kikongo]] but [[Lingala]]. Kinshasa suffered greatly due to Mobutu's excesses, mass corruption, nepotism and the civil war that led to his downfall. Nevertheless, it is still a major cultural and intellectual center (by Central African standards), with a flourishing community of musicians and artists. It is also the country's major industrial center, processing many of the natural products brought from the interior. The city has recently had to fend off rioting soldiers who were protesting the government's inability to pay them. --> ==Media== <!--Kinshasa is home to a large number of radio and TV stations. The National TV is housed in the city. Its 2 channels reach more or less the entire country. In additional to these stations, there are nearly a dozen terrestrial stations reaching the environs of the city, and sometimes a bit beyond.--> == Nkásá-web o libándá Wikipedia == *{{en icon}} [http://www.boxing-memorabilia.com/aliforeman2.htm Rumble In The Jungle - Muhammad Ali Kinshasa, 1974] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.monuc.org/downloads/KINSHASA_IKONOS_SKETCH100.pdf Carte détaillée de Kinshasa] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/cartes/PlanLeoC.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1960) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/leopoldville1956.htm Photos de Léopoldville] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/Kin2005/index.htm Photos de Kinshasa 2005] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.stiopka.com/Leo/photos_leo.html Photos de Kinshasa / Léopoldville] ==Tálá mpé== *[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Bingumba mikonzi ya Afrika]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bingumba bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] {{ndambo}} {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} {{CommunesKinshasa}} [[da:Kinshasa]] [[de:Kinshasa]] [[en:Kinshasa]] [[es:Kinshasa]] [[fi:Kinshasa]] [[fr:Kinshasa]] [[gl:Kinshasa]] [[he:קינשאסה]] [[id:Kinshasa]] [[io:Kinshasa]] [[is:Kinsasa]] [[it:Kinshasa]] [[ja:キンシャサ]] [[kg:Kinsasa]] [[ko:킨샤사]] [[lt:Kinšasa]] [[nl:Kinshasa]] [[nn:Kinshasa]] [[no:Kinshasa]] [[os:Киншасæ]] [[pl:Kinszasa]] [[pt:Kinshasa]] [[ru:Киншаса]] [[scn:Kinshasa]] [[simple:Kinshasa]] [[sk:Kinshasa]] [[sv:Kinshasa]] [[zh:金夏沙]] 8379 2006-06-12T12:41:54Z Moyogo 11 <div style="float:right">[[image:DCongoKinshasa.png]]</div> Mbóka tô engúmba '''Kinshasa''' - ekokí kotangemene ''Kisásá'' tǒ mpé ''Kincásá'' - (óyo eyebenákí kala o nkómbó '''[[Léopoldville]]''') ezalí '''[[mbóka-mokonzi]]''' ya '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' tǒ mpé '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''. Ezalí mpé [[etúká]] (''province'') ya ekólo êná. Ezalí engúmba monɛ́nɛ, na milioni 8 ya bato (est.). Elongo na nyɔ́nsɔ óyo, Kinshasa ezalí engúmba ya míbalé na bingumba nyɔ́nsɔ ya mokili, na elobelí [[lifalansé]], na sima ya engúmba '''[[Pari]]''' ([[Falansia]]), mpé ezalí o káti ya bingúmba minɛ́nɛ koleka ya [[Afrika]] o nsé ya [[Sahara]]. == Jyografi == [[Image:Kinshasa 2001.jpg|thumb|290px|Kinshasa, Kongo, 2001]] [[Image:Kinshasa.jpg|thumb|290px|Esika ya bapark ya bulevale ya 30 Yuni, Kinshasa, Kongo, Avrili 2003]] <!-- Kinshasa is a city of sharp contrasts, with posh residential and commercial areas, two universities, and sprawling slums coexisting side by side. --> Ekútání na mabele o loboko-ya-mwǎsí ya '''Ebale ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Kɔ́ngɔ]]'''. Na yangó etalaní pɛnɛ-pɛnɛ mpenza na '''[[Brazzaville]]''', [[mbóka-mokonzi]] ya '''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]''' tǒ mpé '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]'''. Kinshasa ekútání na 4&deg;16' Sud, 15&deg;17' Este (-4.2667, 15.28333). Bisíká minɛ́nɛ ya êná engúmba: [[Cité de l'OUA]], ndáko ya '''[[Bulamatari ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''; [[Komini ya Matonge]], óyo eyebaní mokili mobimba mpɔ̂ na [[malɛki-butu]] na yangó; [[komini ya Gombe]]. Engúmba óyo ezalí na [[bwǎto|mǎto]] ya ebale tǒ mpé [[ferry|baferry]] na [[esɛ́mɛlɔ]] ya [[Beach Ngobila]] mpɔ̂ na kokɛndɛ Brazzaville na [[Bangi]], na [[nzéla-masinu]] ’te na [[Matadi]], elongo na [[Aleopori ya N'Djili|Aleopori]] ya [[N’djili]]. Bilóko minɛ́nɛ óyo emonanaka míngi ezalí [[Buludingi ya SOZACOM]], Hotel Inter-Continental na [[Hotel Memling]], [[Zando monene]] ya Kinshasa, '''[[Mizé ya Kinshasa]]''' na [[Académie des Beaux-Arts]]. [[Bulevale ya 30 Juin]] ndé ekangasí biténi nyɔ́nsɔ ya êná engúmba. ==Historia== <!-- The city was founded as a trading post by [[Henry Morton Stanley]] in [[1881]] and named Léopoldville in honor of King [[Leopold II of Belgium|Léopold II of Belgium]], who ruled the vast territory that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The post flourished as the first navigable port along the Congo River above [[Livingstone Falls]]: at first, all goods arriving at Léopoldville from the interior would have to be carried by porter to the port of [[Matadi]] along the coast. The completion of a railroad in [[1898]] provided a viable means of transportation along the river's lower reaches and sparked the rapid development of Léopoldville. By 1920, the city was elevated to capital of the Belgian Congo, replacing the seaside town of [[Boma]]. --> [[Image:Brazzaville_ISS007-E-6305.jpg|350px|thumb|right|Image of Kinshasa and Brazzaville, taken by NASA]] <!-- In [[1965]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] seized power in the Congo in his second coup and initiated a policy of "Africanizing" the names of people and places in the country. In [[1966]] Léopoldville was renamed Kinshasa for a village that once stood near the site. The city grew rapidly under Mobutu, drawing people from across the country who came in search of their fortunes or to escape ethnic strife elsewhere. This inevitably brought about a change to the city's ethnic and linguistic composition as well. Although it is situated in territory that traditionally belongs to the [[Bakongo]] people, the ''lingua franca'' in Kinshasa today is not [[Kongo language|Kikongo]] but [[Lingala]]. Kinshasa suffered greatly due to Mobutu's excesses, mass corruption, nepotism and the civil war that led to his downfall. Nevertheless, it is still a major cultural and intellectual center (by Central African standards), with a flourishing community of musicians and artists. It is also the country's major industrial center, processing many of the natural products brought from the interior. The city has recently had to fend off rioting soldiers who were protesting the government's inability to pay them. --> ==Media== <!--Kinshasa is home to a large number of radio and TV stations. The National TV is housed in the city. Its 2 channels reach more or less the entire country. In additional to these stations, there are nearly a dozen terrestrial stations reaching the environs of the city, and sometimes a bit beyond.--> == Nkásá-web o libándá Wikipedia == *{{en icon}} [http://www.boxing-memorabilia.com/aliforeman2.htm Rumble In The Jungle - Muhammad Ali Kinshasa, 1974] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.monuc.org/downloads/KINSHASA_IKONOS_SKETCH100.pdf Carte détaillée de Kinshasa] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/cartes/PlanLeoC.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1960) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/leopoldville1956.htm Photos de Léopoldville] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/Kin2005/index.htm Photos de Kinshasa 2005] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.stiopka.com/Leo/photos_leo.html Photos de Kinshasa / Léopoldville] ==Tálá mpé== *[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Mbóka-mokonzi]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bingumba bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] {{ndambo}} {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} {{CommunesKinshasa}} [[da:Kinshasa]] [[de:Kinshasa]] [[en:Kinshasa]] [[es:Kinshasa]] [[fi:Kinshasa]] [[fr:Kinshasa]] [[gl:Kinshasa]] [[he:קינשאסה]] [[id:Kinshasa]] [[io:Kinshasa]] [[is:Kinsasa]] [[it:Kinshasa]] [[ja:キンシャサ]] [[kg:Kinsasa]] [[ko:킨샤사]] [[lt:Kinšasa]] [[nl:Kinshasa]] [[nn:Kinshasa]] [[no:Kinshasa]] [[os:Киншасæ]] [[pl:Kinszasa]] [[pt:Kinshasa]] [[ru:Киншаса]] [[scn:Kinshasa]] [[simple:Kinshasa]] [[sk:Kinshasa]] [[sv:Kinshasa]] [[zh:金夏沙]] 8419 2006-06-14T12:08:21Z Moyogo 11 <div style="float:right">[[image:DCongoKinshasa.png]]</div> Mbóka tô engúmba '''Kinshasa''' - ekokí kotangemene ''Kinsásá'' tǒ mpé ''Kincásá'' - (óyo eyebenákí kala o nkómbó '''[[Léopoldville]]''') ezalí '''[[mbóka-mokonzi]]''' ya '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' tǒ mpé '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''. Ezalí mpé [[etúká]] (''province'') ya ekólo êná. Ezalí engúmba monɛ́nɛ, na milioni 8 ya bato (est.). Elongo na nyɔ́nsɔ óyo, Kinshasa ezalí engúmba ya míbalé na bingumba nyɔ́nsɔ ya mokili, na elobelí [[lifalansé]], na sima ya engúmba '''[[Pari]]''' ([[Falansia]]), mpé ezalí o káti ya bingúmba minɛ́nɛ koleka ya [[Afrika]] o nsé ya [[Sahara]]. == Jyografi == [[Image:Kinshasa 2001.jpg|thumb|290px|Kinshasa, Kongo, 2001]] [[Image:Kinshasa.jpg|thumb|290px|Esika ya bapark ya bulevale ya 30 Yuni, Kinshasa, Kongo, Avrili 2003]] <!-- Kinshasa is a city of sharp contrasts, with posh residential and commercial areas, two universities, and sprawling slums coexisting side by side. --> Ekútání na mabele o loboko-ya-mwǎsí ya '''Ebale ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Kɔ́ngɔ]]'''. Na yangó etalaní pɛnɛ-pɛnɛ mpenza na '''[[Brazzaville]]''', [[mbóka-mokonzi]] ya '''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]''' tǒ mpé '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]'''. Kinshasa ekútání na 4&deg;16' Sud, 15&deg;17' Este (-4.2667, 15.28333). Bisíká minɛ́nɛ ya êná engúmba: [[Cité de l'OUA]], ndáko ya '''[[Bulamatari ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''; [[Komini ya Matonge]], óyo eyebaní mokili mobimba mpɔ̂ na [[malɛki-butu]] na yangó; [[komini ya Gombe]]. Engúmba óyo ezalí na [[bwǎto|mǎto]] ya ebale tǒ mpé [[ferry|baferry]] na [[esɛ́mɛlɔ]] ya [[Beach Ngobila]] mpɔ̂ na kokɛndɛ Brazzaville na [[Bangi]], na [[nzéla-masinu]] ’te na [[Matadi]], elongo na [[Aleopori ya N'Djili|Aleopori]] ya [[N’djili]]. Bilóko minɛ́nɛ óyo emonanaka míngi ezalí [[Buludingi ya SOZACOM]], Hotel Inter-Continental na [[Hotel Memling]], [[Zando monene]] ya Kinshasa, '''[[Mizé ya Kinshasa]]''' na [[Académie des Beaux-Arts]]. [[Bulevale ya 30 Juin]] ndé ekangasí biténi nyɔ́nsɔ ya êná engúmba. ==Historia== <!-- The city was founded as a trading post by [[Henry Morton Stanley]] in [[1881]] and named Léopoldville in honor of King [[Leopold II of Belgium|Léopold II of Belgium]], who ruled the vast territory that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The post flourished as the first navigable port along the Congo River above [[Livingstone Falls]]: at first, all goods arriving at Léopoldville from the interior would have to be carried by porter to the port of [[Matadi]] along the coast. The completion of a railroad in [[1898]] provided a viable means of transportation along the river's lower reaches and sparked the rapid development of Léopoldville. By 1920, the city was elevated to capital of the Belgian Congo, replacing the seaside town of [[Boma]]. --> [[Image:Brazzaville_ISS007-E-6305.jpg|350px|thumb|right|Image of Kinshasa and Brazzaville, taken by NASA]] <!-- In [[1965]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] seized power in the Congo in his second coup and initiated a policy of "Africanizing" the names of people and places in the country. In [[1966]] Léopoldville was renamed Kinshasa for a village that once stood near the site. The city grew rapidly under Mobutu, drawing people from across the country who came in search of their fortunes or to escape ethnic strife elsewhere. This inevitably brought about a change to the city's ethnic and linguistic composition as well. Although it is situated in territory that traditionally belongs to the [[Bakongo]] people, the ''lingua franca'' in Kinshasa today is not [[Kongo language|Kikongo]] but [[Lingala]]. Kinshasa suffered greatly due to Mobutu's excesses, mass corruption, nepotism and the civil war that led to his downfall. Nevertheless, it is still a major cultural and intellectual center (by Central African standards), with a flourishing community of musicians and artists. It is also the country's major industrial center, processing many of the natural products brought from the interior. The city has recently had to fend off rioting soldiers who were protesting the government's inability to pay them. --> ==Media== <!--Kinshasa is home to a large number of radio and TV stations. The National TV is housed in the city. Its 2 channels reach more or less the entire country. In additional to these stations, there are nearly a dozen terrestrial stations reaching the environs of the city, and sometimes a bit beyond.--> == Nkásá-web o libándá Wikipedia == *{{en icon}} [http://www.boxing-memorabilia.com/aliforeman2.htm Rumble In The Jungle - Muhammad Ali Kinshasa, 1974] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.monuc.org/downloads/KINSHASA_IKONOS_SKETCH100.pdf Carte détaillée de Kinshasa] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/cartes/PlanLeoC.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1960) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/leopoldville1956.htm Photos de Léopoldville] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/Kin2005/index.htm Photos de Kinshasa 2005] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.stiopka.com/Leo/photos_leo.html Photos de Kinshasa / Léopoldville] ==Tálá mpé== *[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Mbóka-mokonzi]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bingumba bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] {{ndambo}} {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} {{CommunesKinshasa}} [[da:Kinshasa]] [[de:Kinshasa]] [[en:Kinshasa]] [[es:Kinshasa]] [[fi:Kinshasa]] [[fr:Kinshasa]] [[gl:Kinshasa]] [[he:קינשאסה]] [[id:Kinshasa]] [[io:Kinshasa]] [[is:Kinsasa]] [[it:Kinshasa]] [[ja:キンシャサ]] [[kg:Kinsasa]] [[ko:킨샤사]] [[lt:Kinšasa]] [[nl:Kinshasa]] [[nn:Kinshasa]] [[no:Kinshasa]] [[os:Киншасæ]] [[pl:Kinszasa]] [[pt:Kinshasa]] [[ru:Киншаса]] [[scn:Kinshasa]] [[simple:Kinshasa]] [[sk:Kinshasa]] [[sv:Kinshasa]] [[zh:金夏沙]] 8420 2006-06-14T12:13:52Z Moyogo 11 /* Nkásá-web o libándá Wikipedia */ <div style="float:right">[[image:DCongoKinshasa.png]]</div> Mbóka tô engúmba '''Kinshasa''' - ekokí kotangemene ''Kinsásá'' tǒ mpé ''Kincásá'' - (óyo eyebenákí kala o nkómbó '''[[Léopoldville]]''') ezalí '''[[mbóka-mokonzi]]''' ya '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' tǒ mpé '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''. Ezalí mpé [[etúká]] (''province'') ya ekólo êná. Ezalí engúmba monɛ́nɛ, na milioni 8 ya bato (est.). Elongo na nyɔ́nsɔ óyo, Kinshasa ezalí engúmba ya míbalé na bingumba nyɔ́nsɔ ya mokili, na elobelí [[lifalansé]], na sima ya engúmba '''[[Pari]]''' ([[Falansia]]), mpé ezalí o káti ya bingúmba minɛ́nɛ koleka ya [[Afrika]] o nsé ya [[Sahara]]. == Jyografi == [[Image:Kinshasa 2001.jpg|thumb|290px|Kinshasa, Kongo, 2001]] [[Image:Kinshasa.jpg|thumb|290px|Esika ya bapark ya bulevale ya 30 Yuni, Kinshasa, Kongo, Avrili 2003]] <!-- Kinshasa is a city of sharp contrasts, with posh residential and commercial areas, two universities, and sprawling slums coexisting side by side. --> Ekútání na mabele o loboko-ya-mwǎsí ya '''Ebale ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Kɔ́ngɔ]]'''. Na yangó etalaní pɛnɛ-pɛnɛ mpenza na '''[[Brazzaville]]''', [[mbóka-mokonzi]] ya '''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]''' tǒ mpé '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]'''. Kinshasa ekútání na 4&deg;16' Sud, 15&deg;17' Este (-4.2667, 15.28333). Bisíká minɛ́nɛ ya êná engúmba: [[Cité de l'OUA]], ndáko ya '''[[Bulamatari ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''; [[Komini ya Matonge]], óyo eyebaní mokili mobimba mpɔ̂ na [[malɛki-butu]] na yangó; [[komini ya Gombe]]. Engúmba óyo ezalí na [[bwǎto|mǎto]] ya ebale tǒ mpé [[ferry|baferry]] na [[esɛ́mɛlɔ]] ya [[Beach Ngobila]] mpɔ̂ na kokɛndɛ Brazzaville na [[Bangi]], na [[nzéla-masinu]] ’te na [[Matadi]], elongo na [[Aleopori ya N'Djili|Aleopori]] ya [[N’djili]]. Bilóko minɛ́nɛ óyo emonanaka míngi ezalí [[Buludingi ya SOZACOM]], Hotel Inter-Continental na [[Hotel Memling]], [[Zando monene]] ya Kinshasa, '''[[Mizé ya Kinshasa]]''' na [[Académie des Beaux-Arts]]. [[Bulevale ya 30 Juin]] ndé ekangasí biténi nyɔ́nsɔ ya êná engúmba. ==Historia== <!-- The city was founded as a trading post by [[Henry Morton Stanley]] in [[1881]] and named Léopoldville in honor of King [[Leopold II of Belgium|Léopold II of Belgium]], who ruled the vast territory that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The post flourished as the first navigable port along the Congo River above [[Livingstone Falls]]: at first, all goods arriving at Léopoldville from the interior would have to be carried by porter to the port of [[Matadi]] along the coast. The completion of a railroad in [[1898]] provided a viable means of transportation along the river's lower reaches and sparked the rapid development of Léopoldville. By 1920, the city was elevated to capital of the Belgian Congo, replacing the seaside town of [[Boma]]. --> [[Image:Brazzaville_ISS007-E-6305.jpg|350px|thumb|right|Image of Kinshasa and Brazzaville, taken by NASA]] <!-- In [[1965]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] seized power in the Congo in his second coup and initiated a policy of "Africanizing" the names of people and places in the country. In [[1966]] Léopoldville was renamed Kinshasa for a village that once stood near the site. The city grew rapidly under Mobutu, drawing people from across the country who came in search of their fortunes or to escape ethnic strife elsewhere. This inevitably brought about a change to the city's ethnic and linguistic composition as well. Although it is situated in territory that traditionally belongs to the [[Bakongo]] people, the ''lingua franca'' in Kinshasa today is not [[Kongo language|Kikongo]] but [[Lingala]]. Kinshasa suffered greatly due to Mobutu's excesses, mass corruption, nepotism and the civil war that led to his downfall. Nevertheless, it is still a major cultural and intellectual center (by Central African standards), with a flourishing community of musicians and artists. It is also the country's major industrial center, processing many of the natural products brought from the interior. The city has recently had to fend off rioting soldiers who were protesting the government's inability to pay them. --> ==Media== <!--Kinshasa is home to a large number of radio and TV stations. The National TV is housed in the city. Its 2 channels reach more or less the entire country. In additional to these stations, there are nearly a dozen terrestrial stations reaching the environs of the city, and sometimes a bit beyond.--> == Nkásá-web o libándá Wikipedia == *{{fr icon}} [http://www.monuc.org/downloads/KINSHASA_IKONOS_SKETCH100.pdf Carte détaillée de Kinshasa] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/cartes/PlanLeoC.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1960) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/leopoldville1956.htm Photos de Léopoldville] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/Kin2005/index.htm Photos de Kinshasa 2005] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.stiopka.com/Leo/photos_leo.html Photos de Kinshasa / Léopoldville] ==Tálá mpé== *[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Mbóka-mokonzi]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bingumba bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] {{ndambo}} {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} {{CommunesKinshasa}} [[da:Kinshasa]] [[de:Kinshasa]] [[en:Kinshasa]] [[es:Kinshasa]] [[fi:Kinshasa]] [[fr:Kinshasa]] [[gl:Kinshasa]] [[he:קינשאסה]] [[id:Kinshasa]] [[io:Kinshasa]] [[is:Kinsasa]] [[it:Kinshasa]] [[ja:キンシャサ]] [[kg:Kinsasa]] [[ko:킨샤사]] [[lt:Kinšasa]] [[nl:Kinshasa]] [[nn:Kinshasa]] [[no:Kinshasa]] [[os:Киншасæ]] [[pl:Kinszasa]] [[pt:Kinshasa]] [[ru:Киншаса]] [[scn:Kinshasa]] [[simple:Kinshasa]] [[sk:Kinshasa]] [[sv:Kinshasa]] [[zh:金夏沙]] 8421 2006-06-14T12:21:21Z Bombo 12 <div style="float:right">[[image:DCongoKinshasa.png]]</div> Mbóka tô engúmba '''Kinshasa''' - ekokí kotangemene ''Kinsásá'' tǒ mpé ''Kincásá'' - (óyo eyebenákí kala o nkómbó '''[[Léopoldville]]''') ezalí '''[[mbóka-mokonzi]]''' ya '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' tǒ mpé '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''. Ezalí mpé [[etúká]] (''province'') ya ekólo êná. Ezalí engúmba monɛ́nɛ, na milioni 8 ya bato (est.). Elongo na nyɔ́nsɔ óyo, Kinshasa ezalí engúmba ya míbalé na bingumba nyɔ́nsɔ ya mokili, na elobelí [[lifalansé]], na sima ya engúmba '''[[Pari]]''' ([[Falansia]]), mpé ezalí o káti ya bingúmba minɛ́nɛ koleka ya [[Afrika]] o nsé ya [[Sahara]]. == Jyografi == [[Image:Kinshasa 2001.jpg|thumb|290px|Kinshasa, Kongo, 2001]] [[Image:Kinshasa.jpg|thumb|290px|Esika ya bapark ya bulevale ya 30 Yuni, Kinshasa, Kongo, Avrili 2003]] <!-- Kinshasa is a city of sharp contrasts, with posh residential and commercial areas, two universities, and sprawling slums coexisting side by side. --> Ekútání na mabele o loboko-ya-mwǎsí ya '''Ebale ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Kɔ́ngɔ]]'''. Na yangó etalaní pɛnɛ-pɛnɛ mpenza na '''[[Brazzaville]]''', [[mbóka-mokonzi]] ya '''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]''' tǒ mpé '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]'''. Kinshasa ekútání na 4&deg;16' Sud, 15&deg;17' Este (-4.2667, 15.28333). Bisíká minɛ́nɛ ya êná engúmba: [[Cité de l'OUA]], ndáko ya '''[[Bulamatari ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''; [[Komini ya Matonge]], óyo eyebaní mokili mobimba mpɔ̂ na [[malɛki-butu]] na yangó; [[komini ya Gombe]]. Engúmba óyo ezalí na [[bwǎto|mǎto]] ya ebale tǒ mpé [[ferry|baferry]] na [[esɛ́mɛlɔ]] ya [[Beach Ngobila]] mpɔ̂ na kokɛndɛ Brazzaville na [[Bangi]], na [[nzéla-masinu]] ’te na [[Matadi]], elongo na [[Aleopori ya N'Djili|Aleopori]] ya [[N’djili]]. Bilóko minɛ́nɛ óyo emonanaka míngi ezalí [[Buludingi ya SOZACOM]], Hotel Inter-Continental na [[Hotel Memling]], [[Zando monene]] ya Kinshasa, '''[[Mizé ya Kinshasa]]''' na [[Académie des Beaux-Arts]]. [[Bulevale ya 30 Juin]] ndé ekangasí biténi nyɔ́nsɔ ya êná engúmba. ==Historia== <!-- The city was founded as a trading post by [[Henry Morton Stanley]] in [[1881]] and named Léopoldville in honor of King [[Leopold II of Belgium|Léopold II of Belgium]], who ruled the vast territory that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The post flourished as the first navigable port along the Congo River above [[Livingstone Falls]]: at first, all goods arriving at Léopoldville from the interior would have to be carried by porter to the port of [[Matadi]] along the coast. The completion of a railroad in [[1898]] provided a viable means of transportation along the river's lower reaches and sparked the rapid development of Léopoldville. By 1920, the city was elevated to capital of the Belgian Congo, replacing the seaside town of [[Boma]]. --> [[Image:Brazzaville_ISS007-E-6305.jpg|350px|thumb|right|Image of Kinshasa and Brazzaville, taken by NASA]] <!-- In [[1965]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] seized power in the Congo in his second coup and initiated a policy of "Africanizing" the names of people and places in the country. In [[1966]] Léopoldville was renamed Kinshasa for a village that once stood near the site. The city grew rapidly under Mobutu, drawing people from across the country who came in search of their fortunes or to escape ethnic strife elsewhere. This inevitably brought about a change to the city's ethnic and linguistic composition as well. Although it is situated in territory that traditionally belongs to the [[Bakongo]] people, the ''lingua franca'' in Kinshasa today is not [[Kongo language|Kikongo]] but [[Lingala]]. Kinshasa suffered greatly due to Mobutu's excesses, mass corruption, nepotism and the civil war that led to his downfall. Nevertheless, it is still a major cultural and intellectual center (by Central African standards), with a flourishing community of musicians and artists. It is also the country's major industrial center, processing many of the natural products brought from the interior. The city has recently had to fend off rioting soldiers who were protesting the government's inability to pay them. --> ==Media== <!--Kinshasa is home to a large number of radio and TV stations. The National TV is housed in the city. Its 2 channels reach more or less the entire country. In additional to these stations, there are nearly a dozen terrestrial stations reaching the environs of the city, and sometimes a bit beyond.--> == Nkásá-web o libándá Wikipedia == *{{fr icon}} [http://www.monuc.org/downloads/KINSHASA_IKONOS_SKETCH100.pdf Carte détaillée de Kinshasa] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/cartes/PlanLeoC.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1960) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/leopoldville1956.htm Photos de Léopoldville] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/Kin2005/index.htm Photos de Kinshasa 2005] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.stiopka.com/Leo/photos_leo.html Photos de Kinshasa / Léopoldville] ==Tálá mpé== *[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Mbóka-mokonzi]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bingumba bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] {{ndambo}} {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} {{BakominiKinshasa}} [[da:Kinshasa]] [[de:Kinshasa]] [[en:Kinshasa]] [[es:Kinshasa]] [[fi:Kinshasa]] [[fr:Kinshasa]] [[gl:Kinshasa]] [[he:קינשאסה]] [[id:Kinshasa]] [[io:Kinshasa]] [[is:Kinsasa]] [[it:Kinshasa]] [[ja:キンシャサ]] [[kg:Kinsasa]] [[ko:킨샤사]] [[lt:Kinšasa]] [[nl:Kinshasa]] [[nn:Kinshasa]] [[no:Kinshasa]] [[os:Киншасæ]] [[pl:Kinszasa]] [[pt:Kinshasa]] [[ru:Киншаса]] [[scn:Kinshasa]] [[simple:Kinshasa]] [[sk:Kinshasa]] [[sv:Kinshasa]] [[zh:金夏沙]] 8423 2006-06-14T12:28:44Z Bombo 12 /* Tálá mpé */ <div style="float:right">[[image:DCongoKinshasa.png]]</div> Mbóka tô engúmba '''Kinshasa''' - ekokí kotangemene ''Kinsásá'' tǒ mpé ''Kincásá'' - (óyo eyebenákí kala o nkómbó '''[[Léopoldville]]''') ezalí '''[[mbóka-mokonzi]]''' ya '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' tǒ mpé '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''. Ezalí mpé [[etúká]] (''province'') ya ekólo êná. Ezalí engúmba monɛ́nɛ, na milioni 8 ya bato (est.). Elongo na nyɔ́nsɔ óyo, Kinshasa ezalí engúmba ya míbalé na bingumba nyɔ́nsɔ ya mokili, na elobelí [[lifalansé]], na sima ya engúmba '''[[Pari]]''' ([[Falansia]]), mpé ezalí o káti ya bingúmba minɛ́nɛ koleka ya [[Afrika]] o nsé ya [[Sahara]]. == Jyografi == [[Image:Kinshasa 2001.jpg|thumb|290px|Kinshasa, Kongo, 2001]] [[Image:Kinshasa.jpg|thumb|290px|Esika ya bapark ya bulevale ya 30 Yuni, Kinshasa, Kongo, Avrili 2003]] <!-- Kinshasa is a city of sharp contrasts, with posh residential and commercial areas, two universities, and sprawling slums coexisting side by side. --> Ekútání na mabele o loboko-ya-mwǎsí ya '''Ebale ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Kɔ́ngɔ]]'''. Na yangó etalaní pɛnɛ-pɛnɛ mpenza na '''[[Brazzaville]]''', [[mbóka-mokonzi]] ya '''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]''' tǒ mpé '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]'''. Kinshasa ekútání na 4&deg;16' Sud, 15&deg;17' Este (-4.2667, 15.28333). Bisíká minɛ́nɛ ya êná engúmba: [[Cité de l'OUA]], ndáko ya '''[[Bulamatari ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''; [[Komini ya Matonge]], óyo eyebaní mokili mobimba mpɔ̂ na [[malɛki-butu]] na yangó; [[komini ya Gombe]]. Engúmba óyo ezalí na [[bwǎto|mǎto]] ya ebale tǒ mpé [[ferry|baferry]] na [[esɛ́mɛlɔ]] ya [[Beach Ngobila]] mpɔ̂ na kokɛndɛ Brazzaville na [[Bangi]], na [[nzéla-masinu]] ’te na [[Matadi]], elongo na [[Aleopori ya N'Djili|Aleopori]] ya [[N’djili]]. Bilóko minɛ́nɛ óyo emonanaka míngi ezalí [[Buludingi ya SOZACOM]], Hotel Inter-Continental na [[Hotel Memling]], [[Zando monene]] ya Kinshasa, '''[[Mizé ya Kinshasa]]''' na [[Académie des Beaux-Arts]]. [[Bulevale ya 30 Juin]] ndé ekangasí biténi nyɔ́nsɔ ya êná engúmba. ==Historia== <!-- The city was founded as a trading post by [[Henry Morton Stanley]] in [[1881]] and named Léopoldville in honor of King [[Leopold II of Belgium|Léopold II of Belgium]], who ruled the vast territory that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The post flourished as the first navigable port along the Congo River above [[Livingstone Falls]]: at first, all goods arriving at Léopoldville from the interior would have to be carried by porter to the port of [[Matadi]] along the coast. The completion of a railroad in [[1898]] provided a viable means of transportation along the river's lower reaches and sparked the rapid development of Léopoldville. By 1920, the city was elevated to capital of the Belgian Congo, replacing the seaside town of [[Boma]]. --> [[Image:Brazzaville_ISS007-E-6305.jpg|350px|thumb|right|Image of Kinshasa and Brazzaville, taken by NASA]] <!-- In [[1965]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] seized power in the Congo in his second coup and initiated a policy of "Africanizing" the names of people and places in the country. In [[1966]] Léopoldville was renamed Kinshasa for a village that once stood near the site. The city grew rapidly under Mobutu, drawing people from across the country who came in search of their fortunes or to escape ethnic strife elsewhere. This inevitably brought about a change to the city's ethnic and linguistic composition as well. Although it is situated in territory that traditionally belongs to the [[Bakongo]] people, the ''lingua franca'' in Kinshasa today is not [[Kongo language|Kikongo]] but [[Lingala]]. Kinshasa suffered greatly due to Mobutu's excesses, mass corruption, nepotism and the civil war that led to his downfall. Nevertheless, it is still a major cultural and intellectual center (by Central African standards), with a flourishing community of musicians and artists. It is also the country's major industrial center, processing many of the natural products brought from the interior. The city has recently had to fend off rioting soldiers who were protesting the government's inability to pay them. --> ==Media== <!--Kinshasa is home to a large number of radio and TV stations. The National TV is housed in the city. Its 2 channels reach more or less the entire country. In additional to these stations, there are nearly a dozen terrestrial stations reaching the environs of the city, and sometimes a bit beyond.--> == Nkásá-web o libándá Wikipedia == *{{fr icon}} [http://www.monuc.org/downloads/KINSHASA_IKONOS_SKETCH100.pdf Carte détaillée de Kinshasa] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/cartes/PlanLeoC.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1960) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/leopoldville1956.htm Photos de Léopoldville] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/Kin2005/index.htm Photos de Kinshasa 2005] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.stiopka.com/Leo/photos_leo.html Photos de Kinshasa / Léopoldville] ==Tálá mpé== *[[Molongo ya bakomini ya Kinshasa]] *[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Mbóka-mokonzi]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bingumba bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] {{BakominiKinshasa}} {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} {{ndambo}} [[da:Kinshasa]] [[de:Kinshasa]] [[en:Kinshasa]] [[es:Kinshasa]] [[fi:Kinshasa]] [[fr:Kinshasa]] [[gl:Kinshasa]] [[he:קינשאסה]] [[id:Kinshasa]] [[io:Kinshasa]] [[is:Kinsasa]] [[it:Kinshasa]] [[ja:キンシャサ]] [[kg:Kinsasa]] [[ko:킨샤사]] [[lt:Kinšasa]] [[nl:Kinshasa]] [[nn:Kinshasa]] [[no:Kinshasa]] [[os:Киншасæ]] [[pl:Kinszasa]] [[pt:Kinshasa]] [[ru:Киншаса]] [[scn:Kinshasa]] [[simple:Kinshasa]] [[sk:Kinshasa]] [[sv:Kinshasa]] [[zh:金夏沙]] 8424 2006-06-14T13:07:33Z Bombo 12 <div style="float:right">[[image:DCongoKinshasa.png]]</div> Mbóka tô engúmba '''Kinshasa''' - ekokí kotangemene ''Kinsásá'' tǒ mpé ''Kincásá'' - (óyo eyebenákí kala o nkómbó '''[[Léopoldville]]''') ezalí '''[[mbóka-mokonzi]]''' ya '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' tǒ mpé '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''. Ezalí mpé [[etúká]] (''province'') ya ekólo êná. Ezalí engúmba monɛ́nɛ, na milioni 8 ya bato (est.). Elongo na nyɔ́nsɔ óyo, Kinshasa ezalí engúmba ya míbalé na bingumba nyɔ́nsɔ ya mokili, na elobelí [[lifalansé]], na sima ya engúmba '''[[Pari]]''' ([[Falansia]]), mpé ezalí o káti ya bingúmba minɛ́nɛ koleka ya [[Afrika]] o nsé ya [[Sahara]]. == Jyografi == [[Image:Kinshasa 2001.jpg|thumb|290px|Kinshasa, Kongo, 2001]] [[Image:Kinshasa 2003.jpg|thumb|290px|Esika ya bapark ya bulevale ya 30 Yuni, Kinshasa, Kongo, Avrili 2003]] <!-- Kinshasa is a city of sharp contrasts, with posh residential and commercial areas, two universities, and sprawling slums coexisting side by side. --> Ekútání na mabele o loboko-ya-mwǎsí ya '''Ebale ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ]]'''. Na yangó etalaní pɛnɛ-pɛnɛ mpenza na '''[[Brazzaville]]''', [[mbóka-mokonzi]] ya '''[[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]''' tǒ mpé '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]'''. Kinshasa ekútání na 4&deg;16' Sud, 15&deg;17' Este (-4.2667, 15.28333). Bisíká minɛ́nɛ ya êná engúmba: [[Cité de l'OUA]], ndáko ya '''[[Bulamatari ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''; Komini ya [[Matonge]], óyo eyebaní mokili mobimba mpɔ̂ na [[malɛki-butu]] na yangó; komini ya [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)|Gombe]]. Engúmba óyo ezalí na [[bwǎto|mǎto]] ya ebale tǒ mpé [[ferry|baferry]] na [[esɛ́mɛlɔ]] ya [[Beach Ngobila]] mpɔ̂ na kokɛndɛ Brazzaville na [[Bangi]], na [[nzéla-masinu]] ’te na [[Matadi]], elongo na [[Aleopori ya N'Djili|Aleopori]] ya [[N’djili]]. Bilóko minɛ́nɛ óyo emonanaka míngi ezalí [[Buludingi ya SOZACOM]], Hotel Inter-Continental na [[Hotel Memling]], [[Zando monene]] ya Kinshasa, '''[[Mizé ya Kinshasa]]''' na [[Académie des Beaux-Arts]]. [[Bulevale ya 30 Juin]] ndé ekangasí biténi nyɔ́nsɔ ya êná engúmba. ==Bato== {| border="1" style="float:left; margin: 1em;border-collapse:collapse;" |+ '''Évolution de la population de Kinshasa''' | valign="top" | {| ! style="background:#efefef;" | Année ! style="background:#efefef;" | Bato |----- | [[1920]] || align="right" | 1 600 |----- | [[1936]] || align="right" | 40 300 |----- | [[1938]] || align="right" | 35 900 |----- | [[1939]] || align="right" | 42 000 |----- | [[1947]] || align="right" | 126 100 |----- | [[1957]] || align="right" | 299 800 |----- | [[1959]] || align="right" | 402 500 |----- | [[1968]] || align="right" | 1 052 500 |} | valign="top" | {| ! style="background:#efefef;" | Année ! style="background:#efefef;" | Bato |----- | [[1970]] || align="right" | 1 323 000 |----- | [[1974]] || align="right" | 1 990 700 |----- | [[1976]] || align="right" | 2 443 900 |----- | [[1984]] || align="right" | 2 664 309 |----- | [[1991]] || align="right" | 3 804 000 |----- | [[1994]] || align="right" | 4 655 313 |----- | [[2005]] || align="right" | 7 500 000 |----- | ''2015'' || align="right" | ''est. 12 000 000'' |} |- | colspan="2" | <small>''Source: [http://www.library.uu.nl/wesp/populstat/Africa/congokit.htm Populstat], [http://www.gazetteer.de/c/c_cd.htm World Gazetteer]''</small> |} <!-- Kinshasa a crû de manière considérable, passant donc de 500&nbsp;000 habitants à la fin des années 60, à près de 5 millions au début de ce troisième millénaire. Selon les estimations elle pourrait atteindre les 10 millions d'habitants en [[2015]] (se hissant ainsi dans le top-30 des plus grosses [[agglomération]]s mondiales). De fait, elle concentre du coup tous les problèmes des grandes villes du tiers monde... Famine, maladie, sous-emploi, sans emploi, impayement, paupérisation, exclusion sociale... telles sont les caractéristiques de la vie de la majeure partie de la population kinoise. Selon la [[Banque mondiale]] le volume des emplois créés par le secteur informel en milieu urbain en [[Afrique]] est quasi inégalé, avec 95% ! (contre « seulement » 45% et 50% du total, dans quelques villes comme [[Freetown]] ou [[Ouagadougou]]). Toutefois, toutes statistiques sur Kinshasa restent sujettes à caution... Quoiqu'il en soit, la misère y est très grande. En dépit du fait qu’il soit parmi les pays les plus riches d’[[Afrique]] quant aux richesses du sol, du sous-sol et humaines, le [[République démocratique du Congo|Congo]] occupe actuellement l’une des dernières places au monde quant à son [[Produit national brut|PNB]] et son niveau de vie réel.--> ==Historia== <!-- The city was founded as a trading post by [[Henry Morton Stanley]] in [[1881]] and named Léopoldville in honor of King [[Leopold II of Belgium|Léopold II of Belgium]], who ruled the vast territory that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The post flourished as the first navigable port along the Congo River above [[Livingstone Falls]]: at first, all goods arriving at Léopoldville from the interior would have to be carried by porter to the port of [[Matadi]] along the coast. The completion of a railroad in [[1898]] provided a viable means of transportation along the river's lower reaches and sparked the rapid development of Léopoldville. By 1920, the city was elevated to capital of the Belgian Congo, replacing the seaside town of [[Boma]]. --> [[Image:Brazzaville_ISS007-E-6305.jpg|350px|thumb|right|Image of Kinshasa and Brazzaville, taken by NASA]] <!-- In [[1965]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] seized power in the Congo in his second coup and initiated a policy of "Africanizing" the names of people and places in the country. In [[1966]] Léopoldville was renamed Kinshasa for a village that once stood near the site. The city grew rapidly under Mobutu, drawing people from across the country who came in search of their fortunes or to escape ethnic strife elsewhere. This inevitably brought about a change to the city's ethnic and linguistic composition as well. Although it is situated in territory that traditionally belongs to the [[Bakongo]] people, the ''lingua franca'' in Kinshasa today is not [[Kongo language|Kikongo]] but [[Lingala]]. Kinshasa suffered greatly due to Mobutu's excesses, mass corruption, nepotism and the civil war that led to his downfall. Nevertheless, it is still a major cultural and intellectual center (by Central African standards), with a flourishing community of musicians and artists. It is also the country's major industrial center, processing many of the natural products brought from the interior. The city has recently had to fend off rioting soldiers who were protesting the government's inability to pay them. --> ==Media== <!--Kinshasa is home to a large number of radio and TV stations. The National TV is housed in the city. Its 2 channels reach more or less the entire country. In additional to these stations, there are nearly a dozen terrestrial stations reaching the environs of the city, and sometimes a bit beyond.--> == Climat == {| style="border:none; border-top: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px; border-left: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; float:right; margin: 1em;" |+ '''Moyennes de température et de précipitations''' ! style="background:#efefef;" | !! style="background:#efefef;" | Min.<br /> (°C)!! style="background:#efefef;" | Max.<br /> (°C) !! style="background:#efefef;" | Pluie <br /> (mm) |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | Yanuari | align="center" | 21 | align="center" | 31 | align="center" | 135 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | febuari | align="center" | 22 | align="center" | 31 | align="center" | 145 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | mársi | align="center" | 22 | align="center" | 32 | align="center" | 196 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | apríli | align="center" | 22 | align="center" | 32 | align="center" | 196 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | mai | align="center" | 22 | align="center" | 31 | align="center" | 159 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | yúni | align="center" | 19 | align="center" | 29 | align="center" | 8 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | yúli | align="center" | 18 | align="center" | 27 | align="center" | 3 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | ogusiti | align="center" | 18 | align="center" | 29 | align="center" | 3 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | septembere | align="center" | 20 | align="center" | 31 | align="center" | 30 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | ɔkɔtɔ́bɛ | align="center" | 21 | align="center" | 31 | align="center" | 119 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | novɛ́mbɛ | align="center" | 22 | align="center" | 31 | align="center" | 222 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | desembere | align="center" | 21 | align="center" | 30 | align="center" | 142 |- ! style="border-top:1px solid;" colspan="4" | <small>* Sources : [http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/world/city_guides/results.shtml?tt=TT000770 BBC Weather]</small> |- |} <!-- Les variations annuelles de température dans la région de Kinshasa sont d'environ 13 °[[Degré Celsius|Celsius]]. Le climat est de nature équatoriale. La saison sèche est de juin à septembre. Le reste de l'année est relativement pluvieux surtout aux alentours de mars ou novembre.--> == Nkásá-web o libándá Wikipedia == *{{en icon}} [http://www.boxing-memorabilia.com/aliforeman2.htm Rumble In The Jungle - Muhammad Ali Kinshasa, 1974] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.monuc.org/downloads/KINSHASA_IKONOS_SKETCH100.pdf Carte détaillée de Kinshasa] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/cartes/PlanLeoC.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1960) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/leopoldville1956.htm Photos de Léopoldville] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/Kin2005/index.htm Photos de Kinshasa 2005] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.stiopka.com/Leo/photos_leo.html Photos de Kinshasa / Léopoldville] ==Tálá mpé== *[[Molongo ya bakomini ya Kinshasa]] *[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] {{BakominiKinshasa}} {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} {{ndambo}} [[Category:Mbóka-mokonzi]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bingumba bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[da:Kinshasa]] [[de:Kinshasa]] [[en:Kinshasa]] [[es:Kinshasa]] [[fi:Kinshasa]] [[fr:Kinshasa]] [[gl:Kinshasa]] [[he:קינשאסה]] [[id:Kinshasa]] [[io:Kinshasa]] [[is:Kinsasa]] [[it:Kinshasa]] [[ja:キンシャサ]] [[kg:Kinsasa]] [[ko:킨샤사]] [[lt:Kinšasa]] [[nl:Kinshasa]] [[nn:Kinshasa]] [[no:Kinshasa]] [[os:Киншасæ]] [[pl:Kinszasa]] [[pt:Kinshasa]] [[ru:Киншаса]] [[scn:Kinshasa]] [[simple:Kinshasa]] [[sk:Kinshasa]] [[sv:Kinshasa]] [[zh:金夏沙]] 8445 2006-06-15T13:30:03Z Bombo 12 {{BiteniRKD| nom=Engúmba / Etúká ya Kinshasa| carte=[[image:DCongoKinshasa.png]]| capitale=[[Gombe (Kinshasa)|La Gombe]]| gouverneur=M. [[Kimbembe Mazunga]]| supkm2= 9 965| lg=[[Lingála]]| pop=7 500 000| annéepop=[[2005]]| densité=752,63| ISO=CD-KN| dep=59| }} Mbóka tô engúmba '''Kinshasa''' - ekokí kotangemene ''Kinsásá'' tǒ mpé ''Kincásá'' - (óyo eyebenákí kala o nkómbó '''[[Léopoldville]]''') ezalí '''[[mbóka-mokonzi]]''' ya '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' tǒ mpé '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''. Ezalí mpé [[etúká]] (''province'') ya ekólo êná. Ezalí engúmba monɛ́nɛ, na milioni 8 ya bato (est.). Elongo na nyɔ́nsɔ óyo, Kinshasa ezalí engúmba ya míbalé na bingumba nyɔ́nsɔ ya mokili, na elobelí [[lifalansé]], na sima ya engúmba '''[[Pari]]''' ([[Falansia]]), mpé ezalí o káti ya bingúmba minɛ́nɛ koleka ya [[Afrika]] o nsé ya [[Sahara]]. == Jyografi == [[Image:Kinshasa 2001.jpg|thumb|290px|Kinshasa, Kongo, 2001]] [[Image:Kinshasa 2003.jpg|thumb|290px|Esika ya bapark ya bulevale ya 30 Yuni, Kinshasa, Kongo, Avrili 2003]] <!-- Kinshasa is a city of sharp contrasts, with posh residential and commercial areas, two universities, and sprawling slums coexisting side by side. --> Ekútání na mabele o loboko-ya-mwǎsí ya '''Ebale ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ]]'''. Na yangó etalaní pɛnɛ-pɛnɛ mpenza na '''[[Brazzaville]]''', [[mbóka-mokonzi]] ya '''[[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]''' tǒ mpé '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]'''. Kinshasa ekútání na 4&deg;16' Sud, 15&deg;17' Este (-4.2667, 15.28333). Bisíká minɛ́nɛ ya êná engúmba: [[Cité de l'OUA]], ndáko ya '''[[Bulamatari ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''; Komini ya [[Matonge]], óyo eyebaní mokili mobimba mpɔ̂ na [[malɛki-butu]] na yangó; komini ya [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)|Gombe]]. Engúmba óyo ezalí na [[bwǎto|mǎto]] ya ebale tǒ mpé [[ferry|baferry]] na [[esɛ́mɛlɔ]] ya [[Beach Ngobila]] mpɔ̂ na kokɛndɛ Brazzaville na [[Bangi]], na [[nzéla-masinu]] ’te na [[Matadi]], elongo na [[Aleopori ya N'Djili|Aleopori]] ya [[N’djili]]. Bilóko minɛ́nɛ óyo emonanaka míngi ezalí [[Buludingi ya SOZACOM]], Hotel Inter-Continental na [[Hotel Memling]], [[Zando monene]] ya Kinshasa, '''[[Mizé ya Kinshasa]]''' na [[Académie des Beaux-Arts]]. [[Bulevale ya 30 Juin]] ndé ekangasí biténi nyɔ́nsɔ ya êná engúmba. ==Bato== {| border="1" style="float:left; margin: 1em;border-collapse:collapse;" |+ '''Évolution de la population de Kinshasa''' | valign="top" | {| ! style="background:#efefef;" | Année ! style="background:#efefef;" | Bato |----- | [[1920]] || align="right" | 1 600 |----- | [[1936]] || align="right" | 40 300 |----- | [[1938]] || align="right" | 35 900 |----- | [[1939]] || align="right" | 42 000 |----- | [[1947]] || align="right" | 126 100 |----- | [[1957]] || align="right" | 299 800 |----- | [[1959]] || align="right" | 402 500 |----- | [[1968]] || align="right" | 1 052 500 |} | valign="top" | {| ! style="background:#efefef;" | Année ! style="background:#efefef;" | Bato |----- | [[1970]] || align="right" | 1 323 000 |----- | [[1974]] || align="right" | 1 990 700 |----- | [[1976]] || align="right" | 2 443 900 |----- | [[1984]] || align="right" | 2 664 309 |----- | [[1991]] || align="right" | 3 804 000 |----- | [[1994]] || align="right" | 4 655 313 |----- | [[2005]] || align="right" | 7 500 000 |----- | ''2015'' || align="right" | ''est. 12 000 000'' |} |- | colspan="2" | <small>''Source: [http://www.library.uu.nl/wesp/populstat/Africa/congokit.htm Populstat], [http://www.gazetteer.de/c/c_cd.htm World Gazetteer]''</small> |} <!-- Kinshasa a crû de manière considérable, passant donc de 500&nbsp;000 habitants à la fin des années 60, à près de 5 millions au début de ce troisième millénaire. Selon les estimations elle pourrait atteindre les 10 millions d'habitants en [[2015]] (se hissant ainsi dans le top-30 des plus grosses [[agglomération]]s mondiales). De fait, elle concentre du coup tous les problèmes des grandes villes du tiers monde... Famine, maladie, sous-emploi, sans emploi, impayement, paupérisation, exclusion sociale... telles sont les caractéristiques de la vie de la majeure partie de la population kinoise. Selon la [[Banque mondiale]] le volume des emplois créés par le secteur informel en milieu urbain en [[Afrique]] est quasi inégalé, avec 95% ! (contre « seulement » 45% et 50% du total, dans quelques villes comme [[Freetown]] ou [[Ouagadougou]]). Toutefois, toutes statistiques sur Kinshasa restent sujettes à caution... Quoiqu'il en soit, la misère y est très grande. En dépit du fait qu’il soit parmi les pays les plus riches d’[[Afrique]] quant aux richesses du sol, du sous-sol et humaines, le [[République démocratique du Congo|Congo]] occupe actuellement l’une des dernières places au monde quant à son [[Produit national brut|PNB]] et son niveau de vie réel.--> ==Historia== <!-- The city was founded as a trading post by [[Henry Morton Stanley]] in [[1881]] and named Léopoldville in honor of King [[Leopold II of Belgium|Léopold II of Belgium]], who ruled the vast territory that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The post flourished as the first navigable port along the Congo River above [[Livingstone Falls]]: at first, all goods arriving at Léopoldville from the interior would have to be carried by porter to the port of [[Matadi]] along the coast. The completion of a railroad in [[1898]] provided a viable means of transportation along the river's lower reaches and sparked the rapid development of Léopoldville. By 1920, the city was elevated to capital of the Belgian Congo, replacing the seaside town of [[Boma]]. --> [[Image:Brazzaville_ISS007-E-6305.jpg|350px|thumb|right|Image of Kinshasa and Brazzaville, taken by NASA]] <!-- In [[1965]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] seized power in the Congo in his second coup and initiated a policy of "Africanizing" the names of people and places in the country. In [[1966]] Léopoldville was renamed Kinshasa for a village that once stood near the site. The city grew rapidly under Mobutu, drawing people from across the country who came in search of their fortunes or to escape ethnic strife elsewhere. This inevitably brought about a change to the city's ethnic and linguistic composition as well. Although it is situated in territory that traditionally belongs to the [[Bakongo]] people, the ''lingua franca'' in Kinshasa today is not [[Kongo language|Kikongo]] but [[Lingala]]. Kinshasa suffered greatly due to Mobutu's excesses, mass corruption, nepotism and the civil war that led to his downfall. Nevertheless, it is still a major cultural and intellectual center (by Central African standards), with a flourishing community of musicians and artists. It is also the country's major industrial center, processing many of the natural products brought from the interior. The city has recently had to fend off rioting soldiers who were protesting the government's inability to pay them. --> ==Media== <!--Kinshasa is home to a large number of radio and TV stations. The National TV is housed in the city. Its 2 channels reach more or less the entire country. In additional to these stations, there are nearly a dozen terrestrial stations reaching the environs of the city, and sometimes a bit beyond.--> == Climat == {| style="border:none; border-top: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px; border-left: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; float:right; margin: 1em;" |+ '''Moyennes de température et de précipitations''' ! style="background:#efefef;" | !! style="background:#efefef;" | Min.<br /> (°C)!! style="background:#efefef;" | Max.<br /> (°C) !! style="background:#efefef;" | Pluie <br /> (mm) |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | Yanuari | align="center" | 21 | align="center" | 31 | align="center" | 135 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | febuari | align="center" | 22 | align="center" | 31 | align="center" | 145 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | mársi | align="center" | 22 | align="center" | 32 | align="center" | 196 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | apríli | align="center" | 22 | align="center" | 32 | align="center" | 196 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | mai | align="center" | 22 | align="center" | 31 | align="center" | 159 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | yúni | align="center" | 19 | align="center" | 29 | align="center" | 8 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | yúli | align="center" | 18 | align="center" | 27 | align="center" | 3 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | ogusiti | align="center" | 18 | align="center" | 29 | align="center" | 3 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | septembere | align="center" | 20 | align="center" | 31 | align="center" | 30 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | ɔkɔtɔ́bɛ | align="center" | 21 | align="center" | 31 | align="center" | 119 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | novɛ́mbɛ | align="center" | 22 | align="center" | 31 | align="center" | 222 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | desembere | align="center" | 21 | align="center" | 30 | align="center" | 142 |- ! style="border-top:1px solid;" colspan="4" | <small>* Sources : [http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/world/city_guides/results.shtml?tt=TT000770 BBC Weather]</small> |- |} <!-- Les variations annuelles de température dans la région de Kinshasa sont d'environ 13 °[[Degré Celsius|Celsius]]. Le climat est de nature équatoriale. La saison sèche est de juin à septembre. Le reste de l'année est relativement pluvieux surtout aux alentours de mars ou novembre.--> == Nkásá-web o libándá Wikipedia == *{{en icon}} [http://www.boxing-memorabilia.com/aliforeman2.htm Rumble In The Jungle - Muhammad Ali Kinshasa, 1974] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.monuc.org/downloads/KINSHASA_IKONOS_SKETCH100.pdf Carte détaillée de Kinshasa] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/cartes/PlanLeoC.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1960) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/leopoldville1956.htm Photos de Léopoldville] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/Kin2005/index.htm Photos de Kinshasa 2005] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.stiopka.com/Leo/photos_leo.html Photos de Kinshasa / Léopoldville] ==Tálá mpé== *[[Molongo ya bakomini ya Kinshasa]] *[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] {{BakominiKinshasa}} {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} {{ndambo}} [[Category:Mbóka-mokonzi]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bingumba bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[da:Kinshasa]] [[de:Kinshasa]] [[en:Kinshasa]] [[es:Kinshasa]] [[fi:Kinshasa]] [[fr:Kinshasa]] [[gl:Kinshasa]] [[he:קינשאסה]] [[id:Kinshasa]] [[io:Kinshasa]] [[is:Kinsasa]] [[it:Kinshasa]] [[ja:キンシャサ]] [[kg:Kinsasa]] [[ko:킨샤사]] [[lt:Kinšasa]] [[nl:Kinshasa]] [[nn:Kinshasa]] [[no:Kinshasa]] [[os:Киншасæ]] [[pl:Kinszasa]] [[pt:Kinshasa]] [[ru:Киншаса]] [[scn:Kinshasa]] [[simple:Kinshasa]] [[sk:Kinshasa]] [[sv:Kinshasa]] [[zh:金夏沙]] 9009 2006-08-02T05:46:37Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: cs, eo, fa, lv, mk {{BiteniRKD| nom=Engúmba / Etúká ya Kinshasa| carte=[[image:DCongoKinshasa.png]]| capitale=[[Gombe (Kinshasa)|La Gombe]]| gouverneur=M. [[Kimbembe Mazunga]]| supkm2= 9 965| lg=[[Lingála]]| pop=7 500 000| annéepop=[[2005]]| densité=752,63| ISO=CD-KN| dep=59| }} Mbóka tô engúmba '''Kinshasa''' - ekokí kotangemene ''Kinsásá'' tǒ mpé ''Kincásá'' - (óyo eyebenákí kala o nkómbó '''[[Léopoldville]]''') ezalí '''[[mbóka-mokonzi]]''' ya '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' tǒ mpé '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''. Ezalí mpé [[etúká]] (''province'') ya ekólo êná. Ezalí engúmba monɛ́nɛ, na milioni 8 ya bato (est.). Elongo na nyɔ́nsɔ óyo, Kinshasa ezalí engúmba ya míbalé na bingumba nyɔ́nsɔ ya mokili, na elobelí [[lifalansé]], na sima ya engúmba '''[[Pari]]''' ([[Falansia]]), mpé ezalí o káti ya bingúmba minɛ́nɛ koleka ya [[Afrika]] o nsé ya [[Sahara]]. == Jyografi == [[Image:Kinshasa 2001.jpg|thumb|290px|Kinshasa, Kongo, 2001]] [[Image:Kinshasa 2003.jpg|thumb|290px|Esika ya bapark ya bulevale ya 30 Yuni, Kinshasa, Kongo, Avrili 2003]] <!-- Kinshasa is a city of sharp contrasts, with posh residential and commercial areas, two universities, and sprawling slums coexisting side by side. --> Ekútání na mabele o loboko-ya-mwǎsí ya '''Ebale ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ]]'''. Na yangó etalaní pɛnɛ-pɛnɛ mpenza na '''[[Brazzaville]]''', [[mbóka-mokonzi]] ya '''[[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]''' tǒ mpé '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]'''. Kinshasa ekútání na 4&deg;16' Sud, 15&deg;17' Este (-4.2667, 15.28333). Bisíká minɛ́nɛ ya êná engúmba: [[Cité de l'OUA]], ndáko ya '''[[Bulamatari ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''; Komini ya [[Matonge]], óyo eyebaní mokili mobimba mpɔ̂ na [[malɛki-butu]] na yangó; komini ya [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)|Gombe]]. Engúmba óyo ezalí na [[bwǎto|mǎto]] ya ebale tǒ mpé [[ferry|baferry]] na [[esɛ́mɛlɔ]] ya [[Beach Ngobila]] mpɔ̂ na kokɛndɛ Brazzaville na [[Bangi]], na [[nzéla-masinu]] ’te na [[Matadi]], elongo na [[Aleopori ya N'Djili|Aleopori]] ya [[N’djili]]. Bilóko minɛ́nɛ óyo emonanaka míngi ezalí [[Buludingi ya SOZACOM]], Hotel Inter-Continental na [[Hotel Memling]], [[Zando monene]] ya Kinshasa, '''[[Mizé ya Kinshasa]]''' na [[Académie des Beaux-Arts]]. [[Bulevale ya 30 Juin]] ndé ekangasí biténi nyɔ́nsɔ ya êná engúmba. ==Bato== {| border="1" style="float:left; margin: 1em;border-collapse:collapse;" |+ '''Évolution de la population de Kinshasa''' | valign="top" | {| ! style="background:#efefef;" | Année ! style="background:#efefef;" | Bato |----- | [[1920]] || align="right" | 1 600 |----- | [[1936]] || align="right" | 40 300 |----- | [[1938]] || align="right" | 35 900 |----- | [[1939]] || align="right" | 42 000 |----- | [[1947]] || align="right" | 126 100 |----- | [[1957]] || align="right" | 299 800 |----- | [[1959]] || align="right" | 402 500 |----- | [[1968]] || align="right" | 1 052 500 |} | valign="top" | {| ! style="background:#efefef;" | Année ! style="background:#efefef;" | Bato |----- | [[1970]] || align="right" | 1 323 000 |----- | [[1974]] || align="right" | 1 990 700 |----- | [[1976]] || align="right" | 2 443 900 |----- | [[1984]] || align="right" | 2 664 309 |----- | [[1991]] || align="right" | 3 804 000 |----- | [[1994]] || align="right" | 4 655 313 |----- | [[2005]] || align="right" | 7 500 000 |----- | ''2015'' || align="right" | ''est. 12 000 000'' |} |- | colspan="2" | <small>''Source: [http://www.library.uu.nl/wesp/populstat/Africa/congokit.htm Populstat], [http://www.gazetteer.de/c/c_cd.htm World Gazetteer]''</small> |} <!-- Kinshasa a crû de manière considérable, passant donc de 500&nbsp;000 habitants à la fin des années 60, à près de 5 millions au début de ce troisième millénaire. Selon les estimations elle pourrait atteindre les 10 millions d'habitants en [[2015]] (se hissant ainsi dans le top-30 des plus grosses [[agglomération]]s mondiales). De fait, elle concentre du coup tous les problèmes des grandes villes du tiers monde... Famine, maladie, sous-emploi, sans emploi, impayement, paupérisation, exclusion sociale... telles sont les caractéristiques de la vie de la majeure partie de la population kinoise. Selon la [[Banque mondiale]] le volume des emplois créés par le secteur informel en milieu urbain en [[Afrique]] est quasi inégalé, avec 95% ! (contre « seulement » 45% et 50% du total, dans quelques villes comme [[Freetown]] ou [[Ouagadougou]]). Toutefois, toutes statistiques sur Kinshasa restent sujettes à caution... Quoiqu'il en soit, la misère y est très grande. En dépit du fait qu’il soit parmi les pays les plus riches d’[[Afrique]] quant aux richesses du sol, du sous-sol et humaines, le [[République démocratique du Congo|Congo]] occupe actuellement l’une des dernières places au monde quant à son [[Produit national brut|PNB]] et son niveau de vie réel.--> ==Historia== <!-- The city was founded as a trading post by [[Henry Morton Stanley]] in [[1881]] and named Léopoldville in honor of King [[Leopold II of Belgium|Léopold II of Belgium]], who ruled the vast territory that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The post flourished as the first navigable port along the Congo River above [[Livingstone Falls]]: at first, all goods arriving at Léopoldville from the interior would have to be carried by porter to the port of [[Matadi]] along the coast. The completion of a railroad in [[1898]] provided a viable means of transportation along the river's lower reaches and sparked the rapid development of Léopoldville. By 1920, the city was elevated to capital of the Belgian Congo, replacing the seaside town of [[Boma]]. --> [[Image:Brazzaville_ISS007-E-6305.jpg|350px|thumb|right|Image of Kinshasa and Brazzaville, taken by NASA]] <!-- In [[1965]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] seized power in the Congo in his second coup and initiated a policy of "Africanizing" the names of people and places in the country. In [[1966]] Léopoldville was renamed Kinshasa for a village that once stood near the site. The city grew rapidly under Mobutu, drawing people from across the country who came in search of their fortunes or to escape ethnic strife elsewhere. This inevitably brought about a change to the city's ethnic and linguistic composition as well. Although it is situated in territory that traditionally belongs to the [[Bakongo]] people, the ''lingua franca'' in Kinshasa today is not [[Kongo language|Kikongo]] but [[Lingala]]. Kinshasa suffered greatly due to Mobutu's excesses, mass corruption, nepotism and the civil war that led to his downfall. Nevertheless, it is still a major cultural and intellectual center (by Central African standards), with a flourishing community of musicians and artists. It is also the country's major industrial center, processing many of the natural products brought from the interior. The city has recently had to fend off rioting soldiers who were protesting the government's inability to pay them. --> ==Media== <!--Kinshasa is home to a large number of radio and TV stations. The National TV is housed in the city. Its 2 channels reach more or less the entire country. In additional to these stations, there are nearly a dozen terrestrial stations reaching the environs of the city, and sometimes a bit beyond.--> == Climat == {| style="border:none; border-top: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px; border-left: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; float:right; margin: 1em;" |+ '''Moyennes de température et de précipitations''' ! style="background:#efefef;" | !! style="background:#efefef;" | Min.<br /> (°C)!! style="background:#efefef;" | Max.<br /> (°C) !! style="background:#efefef;" | Pluie <br /> (mm) |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | Yanuari | align="center" | 21 | align="center" | 31 | align="center" | 135 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | febuari | align="center" | 22 | align="center" | 31 | align="center" | 145 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | mársi | align="center" | 22 | align="center" | 32 | align="center" | 196 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | apríli | align="center" | 22 | align="center" | 32 | align="center" | 196 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | mai | align="center" | 22 | align="center" | 31 | align="center" | 159 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | yúni | align="center" | 19 | align="center" | 29 | align="center" | 8 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | yúli | align="center" | 18 | align="center" | 27 | align="center" | 3 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | ogusiti | align="center" | 18 | align="center" | 29 | align="center" | 3 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | septembere | align="center" | 20 | align="center" | 31 | align="center" | 30 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | ɔkɔtɔ́bɛ | align="center" | 21 | align="center" | 31 | align="center" | 119 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | novɛ́mbɛ | align="center" | 22 | align="center" | 31 | align="center" | 222 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | desembere | align="center" | 21 | align="center" | 30 | align="center" | 142 |- ! style="border-top:1px solid;" colspan="4" | <small>* Sources : [http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/world/city_guides/results.shtml?tt=TT000770 BBC Weather]</small> |- |} <!-- Les variations annuelles de température dans la région de Kinshasa sont d'environ 13 °[[Degré Celsius|Celsius]]. Le climat est de nature équatoriale. La saison sèche est de juin à septembre. Le reste de l'année est relativement pluvieux surtout aux alentours de mars ou novembre.--> == Nkásá-web o libándá Wikipedia == *{{en icon}} [http://www.boxing-memorabilia.com/aliforeman2.htm Rumble In The Jungle - Muhammad Ali Kinshasa, 1974] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.monuc.org/downloads/KINSHASA_IKONOS_SKETCH100.pdf Carte détaillée de Kinshasa] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/cartes/PlanLeoC.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1960) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/leopoldville1956.htm Photos de Léopoldville] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/Kin2005/index.htm Photos de Kinshasa 2005] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.stiopka.com/Leo/photos_leo.html Photos de Kinshasa / Léopoldville] ==Tálá mpé== *[[Molongo ya bakomini ya Kinshasa]] *[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] {{BakominiKinshasa}} {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} {{ndambo}} [[Category:Mbóka-mokonzi]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bingumba bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[cs:Kinshasa]] [[da:Kinshasa]] [[de:Kinshasa]] [[en:Kinshasa]] [[eo:Kinŝaso]] [[es:Kinshasa]] [[fa:کینشازا]] [[fi:Kinshasa]] [[fr:Kinshasa]] [[gl:Kinshasa]] [[he:קינשאסה]] [[id:Kinshasa]] [[io:Kinshasa]] [[is:Kinsasa]] [[it:Kinshasa]] [[ja:キンシャサ]] [[kg:Kinsasa]] [[ko:킨샤사]] [[lt:Kinšasa]] [[lv:Kinšasa]] [[mk:Киншаса]] [[nl:Kinshasa]] [[nn:Kinshasa]] [[no:Kinshasa]] [[os:Киншасæ]] [[pl:Kinszasa]] [[pt:Kinshasa]] [[ru:Киншаса]] [[scn:Kinshasa]] [[simple:Kinshasa]] [[sk:Kinshasa]] [[sv:Kinshasa]] [[zh:金夏沙]] 9105 2006-08-14T21:55:51Z Moyogo 11 {{BiteniRKD| nom=Engúmba / Etúká ya Kinshasa| carte=[[image:DCongoKinshasa.png]]| capitale=[[Gombe (Kinshasa)|La Gombe]]| gouverneur=M. [[Kimbembe Mazunga]]| supkm2= 9 965| lg=[[Lingála]]| pop=7 500 000| annéepop=[[2005]]| densité=752,63| ISO=CD-KN| dep=59| }} Mbóka tô engúmba '''Kinsásá''' —ekokí kotangemene ''Kinshásá''— (óyo eyebenákí kala o nkómbó ''Léopoldville'') ezalí '''[[mbóka-mokonzi]]''' ya '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]'''. Ezalí mpé [[etúká]] (''province'') ya ekólo êná. Ezalí engúmba monɛ́nɛ, na milioni 8 ya bato (est.). Elongo na nyɔ́nsɔ óyo, Kinshasa ezalí engúmba ya míbalé na bingumba nyɔ́nsɔ ya mokili, na elobelí [[lifalansé]], na sima ya engúmba '''[[Pari]]''' ([[Falansia]]), mpé ezalí o káti ya bingúmba minɛ́nɛ koleka ya [[Afrika]] o nsé ya [[Sahara]]. == Jyografi == [[Image:Kinshasa 2001.jpg|thumb|290px|Kinshasa, Kongo, 2001]] [[Image:Kinshasa 2003.jpg|thumb|290px|Esika ya bapark ya bulevale ya 30 Yuni, Kinshasa, Kongo, Avrili 2003]] <!-- Kinshasa is a city of sharp contrasts, with posh residential and commercial areas, two universities, and sprawling slums coexisting side by side. --> Ekútání na mabele o loboko-ya-mwǎsí ya '''Ebale ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ]]'''. Na yangó etalaní pɛnɛ-pɛnɛ mpenza na '''[[Brazzaville]]''', [[mbóka-mokonzi]] ya '''[[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]''' tǒ mpé '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]'''. Kinshasa ekútání na 4&deg;16' Sud, 15&deg;17' Este (-4.2667, 15.28333). Bisíká minɛ́nɛ ya êná engúmba: [[Cité de l'OUA]], ndáko ya '''[[Bulamatari ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''; Komini ya [[Matonge]], óyo eyebaní mokili mobimba mpɔ̂ na [[malɛki-butu]] na yangó; komini ya [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)|Gombe]]. Engúmba óyo ezalí na [[bwǎto|mǎto]] ya ebale tǒ mpé [[ferry|baferry]] na [[esɛ́mɛlɔ]] ya [[Beach Ngobila]] mpɔ̂ na kokɛndɛ Brazzaville na [[Bangi]], na [[nzéla-masinu]] ’te na [[Matadi]], elongo na [[Aleopori ya N'Djili|Aleopori]] ya [[N’djili]]. Bilóko minɛ́nɛ óyo emonanaka míngi ezalí [[Buludingi ya SOZACOM]], Hotel Inter-Continental na [[Hotel Memling]], [[Zando monene]] ya Kinshasa, '''[[Mizé ya Kinshasa]]''' na [[Académie des Beaux-Arts]]. [[Bulevale ya 30 Juin]] ndé ekangasí biténi nyɔ́nsɔ ya êná engúmba. ==Bato== {| border="1" style="float:left; margin: 1em;border-collapse:collapse;" |+ '''Évolution de la population de Kinshasa''' | valign="top" | {| ! style="background:#efefef;" | Année ! style="background:#efefef;" | Bato |----- | [[1920]] || align="right" | 1 600 |----- | [[1936]] || align="right" | 40 300 |----- | [[1938]] || align="right" | 35 900 |----- | [[1939]] || align="right" | 42 000 |----- | [[1947]] || align="right" | 126 100 |----- | [[1957]] || align="right" | 299 800 |----- | [[1959]] || align="right" | 402 500 |----- | [[1968]] || align="right" | 1 052 500 |} | valign="top" | {| ! style="background:#efefef;" | Année ! style="background:#efefef;" | Bato |----- | [[1970]] || align="right" | 1 323 000 |----- | [[1974]] || align="right" | 1 990 700 |----- | [[1976]] || align="right" | 2 443 900 |----- | [[1984]] || align="right" | 2 664 309 |----- | [[1991]] || align="right" | 3 804 000 |----- | [[1994]] || align="right" | 4 655 313 |----- | [[2005]] || align="right" | 7 500 000 |----- | ''2015'' || align="right" | ''est. 12 000 000'' |} |- | colspan="2" | <small>''Source: [http://www.library.uu.nl/wesp/populstat/Africa/congokit.htm Populstat], [http://www.gazetteer.de/c/c_cd.htm World Gazetteer]''</small> |} <!-- Kinshasa a crû de manière considérable, passant donc de 500&nbsp;000 habitants à la fin des années 60, à près de 5 millions au début de ce troisième millénaire. Selon les estimations elle pourrait atteindre les 10 millions d'habitants en [[2015]] (se hissant ainsi dans le top-30 des plus grosses [[agglomération]]s mondiales). De fait, elle concentre du coup tous les problèmes des grandes villes du tiers monde... Famine, maladie, sous-emploi, sans emploi, impayement, paupérisation, exclusion sociale... telles sont les caractéristiques de la vie de la majeure partie de la population kinoise. Selon la [[Banque mondiale]] le volume des emplois créés par le secteur informel en milieu urbain en [[Afrique]] est quasi inégalé, avec 95% ! (contre « seulement » 45% et 50% du total, dans quelques villes comme [[Freetown]] ou [[Ouagadougou]]). Toutefois, toutes statistiques sur Kinshasa restent sujettes à caution... Quoiqu'il en soit, la misère y est très grande. En dépit du fait qu’il soit parmi les pays les plus riches d’[[Afrique]] quant aux richesses du sol, du sous-sol et humaines, le [[République démocratique du Congo|Congo]] occupe actuellement l’une des dernières places au monde quant à son [[Produit national brut|PNB]] et son niveau de vie réel.--> ==Historia== <!-- The city was founded as a trading post by [[Henry Morton Stanley]] in [[1881]] and named Léopoldville in honor of King [[Leopold II of Belgium|Léopold II of Belgium]], who ruled the vast territory that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The post flourished as the first navigable port along the Congo River above [[Livingstone Falls]]: at first, all goods arriving at Léopoldville from the interior would have to be carried by porter to the port of [[Matadi]] along the coast. The completion of a railroad in [[1898]] provided a viable means of transportation along the river's lower reaches and sparked the rapid development of Léopoldville. By 1920, the city was elevated to capital of the Belgian Congo, replacing the seaside town of [[Boma]]. --> [[Image:Brazzaville_ISS007-E-6305.jpg|350px|thumb|right|Image of Kinshasa and Brazzaville, taken by NASA]] <!-- In [[1965]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] seized power in the Congo in his second coup and initiated a policy of "Africanizing" the names of people and places in the country. In [[1966]] Léopoldville was renamed Kinshasa for a village that once stood near the site. The city grew rapidly under Mobutu, drawing people from across the country who came in search of their fortunes or to escape ethnic strife elsewhere. This inevitably brought about a change to the city's ethnic and linguistic composition as well. Although it is situated in territory that traditionally belongs to the [[Bakongo]] people, the ''lingua franca'' in Kinshasa today is not [[Kongo language|Kikongo]] but [[Lingala]]. Kinshasa suffered greatly due to Mobutu's excesses, mass corruption, nepotism and the civil war that led to his downfall. Nevertheless, it is still a major cultural and intellectual center (by Central African standards), with a flourishing community of musicians and artists. It is also the country's major industrial center, processing many of the natural products brought from the interior. The city has recently had to fend off rioting soldiers who were protesting the government's inability to pay them. --> ==Media== <!--Kinshasa is home to a large number of radio and TV stations. The National TV is housed in the city. Its 2 channels reach more or less the entire country. In additional to these stations, there are nearly a dozen terrestrial stations reaching the environs of the city, and sometimes a bit beyond.--> == Climat == {| style="border:none; border-top: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px; border-left: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; float:right; margin: 1em;" |+ '''Moyennes de température et de précipitations''' ! style="background:#efefef;" | !! style="background:#efefef;" | Min.<br /> (°C)!! style="background:#efefef;" | Max.<br /> (°C) !! style="background:#efefef;" | Pluie <br /> (mm) |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | Yanuari | align="center" | 21 | align="center" | 31 | align="center" | 135 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | febuari | align="center" | 22 | align="center" | 31 | align="center" | 145 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | mársi | align="center" | 22 | align="center" | 32 | align="center" | 196 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | apríli | align="center" | 22 | align="center" | 32 | align="center" | 196 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | mai | align="center" | 22 | align="center" | 31 | align="center" | 159 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | yúni | align="center" | 19 | align="center" | 29 | align="center" | 8 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | yúli | align="center" | 18 | align="center" | 27 | align="center" | 3 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | ogusiti | align="center" | 18 | align="center" | 29 | align="center" | 3 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | septembere | align="center" | 20 | align="center" | 31 | align="center" | 30 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | ɔkɔtɔ́bɛ | align="center" | 21 | align="center" | 31 | align="center" | 119 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | novɛ́mbɛ | align="center" | 22 | align="center" | 31 | align="center" | 222 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | desembere | align="center" | 21 | align="center" | 30 | align="center" | 142 |- ! style="border-top:1px solid;" colspan="4" | <small>* Sources : [http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/world/city_guides/results.shtml?tt=TT000770 BBC Weather]</small> |- |} <!-- Les variations annuelles de température dans la région de Kinshasa sont d'environ 13 °[[Degré Celsius|Celsius]]. Le climat est de nature équatoriale. La saison sèche est de juin à septembre. Le reste de l'année est relativement pluvieux surtout aux alentours de mars ou novembre.--> == Nkásá-web o libándá Wikipedia == *{{en icon}} [http://www.boxing-memorabilia.com/aliforeman2.htm Rumble In The Jungle - Muhammad Ali Kinshasa, 1974] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.monuc.org/downloads/KINSHASA_IKONOS_SKETCH100.pdf Carte détaillée de Kinshasa] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/cartes/PlanLeoC.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1960) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/leopoldville1956.htm Photos de Léopoldville] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/Kin2005/index.htm Photos de Kinshasa 2005] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.stiopka.com/Leo/photos_leo.html Photos de Kinshasa / Léopoldville] ==Tálá mpé== *[[Molongo ya bakomini ya Kinshasa]] *[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] {{BakominiKinshasa}} {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} {{ndambo}} [[Category:Mbóka-mokonzi]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bingumba bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[cs:Kinshasa]] [[da:Kinshasa]] [[de:Kinshasa]] [[en:Kinshasa]] [[eo:Kinŝaso]] [[es:Kinshasa]] [[fa:کینشازا]] [[fi:Kinshasa]] [[fr:Kinshasa]] [[gl:Kinshasa]] [[he:קינשאסה]] [[id:Kinshasa]] [[io:Kinshasa]] [[is:Kinsasa]] [[it:Kinshasa]] [[ja:キンシャサ]] [[kg:Kinsasa]] [[ko:킨샤사]] [[lt:Kinšasa]] [[lv:Kinšasa]] [[mk:Киншаса]] [[nl:Kinshasa]] [[nn:Kinshasa]] [[no:Kinshasa]] [[os:Киншасæ]] [[pl:Kinszasa]] [[pt:Kinshasa]] [[ru:Киншаса]] [[scn:Kinshasa]] [[simple:Kinshasa]] [[sk:Kinshasa]] [[sv:Kinshasa]] [[zh:金夏沙]] 9106 2006-08-14T21:56:34Z Moyogo 11 [[Kinshasa]] moved to [[Kinsásá]]: ezalí kinsásá na lokótá lya lingála, lokóla kikɔngɔ́. {{BiteniRKD| nom=Engúmba / Etúká ya Kinshasa| carte=[[image:DCongoKinshasa.png]]| capitale=[[Gombe (Kinshasa)|La Gombe]]| gouverneur=M. [[Kimbembe Mazunga]]| supkm2= 9 965| lg=[[Lingála]]| pop=7 500 000| annéepop=[[2005]]| densité=752,63| ISO=CD-KN| dep=59| }} Mbóka tô engúmba '''Kinsásá''' —ekokí kotangemene ''Kinshásá''— (óyo eyebenákí kala o nkómbó ''Léopoldville'') ezalí '''[[mbóka-mokonzi]]''' ya '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]'''. Ezalí mpé [[etúká]] (''province'') ya ekólo êná. Ezalí engúmba monɛ́nɛ, na milioni 8 ya bato (est.). Elongo na nyɔ́nsɔ óyo, Kinshasa ezalí engúmba ya míbalé na bingumba nyɔ́nsɔ ya mokili, na elobelí [[lifalansé]], na sima ya engúmba '''[[Pari]]''' ([[Falansia]]), mpé ezalí o káti ya bingúmba minɛ́nɛ koleka ya [[Afrika]] o nsé ya [[Sahara]]. == Jyografi == [[Image:Kinshasa 2001.jpg|thumb|290px|Kinshasa, Kongo, 2001]] [[Image:Kinshasa 2003.jpg|thumb|290px|Esika ya bapark ya bulevale ya 30 Yuni, Kinshasa, Kongo, Avrili 2003]] <!-- Kinshasa is a city of sharp contrasts, with posh residential and commercial areas, two universities, and sprawling slums coexisting side by side. --> Ekútání na mabele o loboko-ya-mwǎsí ya '''Ebale ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ]]'''. Na yangó etalaní pɛnɛ-pɛnɛ mpenza na '''[[Brazzaville]]''', [[mbóka-mokonzi]] ya '''[[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]''' tǒ mpé '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]'''. Kinshasa ekútání na 4&deg;16' Sud, 15&deg;17' Este (-4.2667, 15.28333). Bisíká minɛ́nɛ ya êná engúmba: [[Cité de l'OUA]], ndáko ya '''[[Bulamatari ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''; Komini ya [[Matonge]], óyo eyebaní mokili mobimba mpɔ̂ na [[malɛki-butu]] na yangó; komini ya [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)|Gombe]]. Engúmba óyo ezalí na [[bwǎto|mǎto]] ya ebale tǒ mpé [[ferry|baferry]] na [[esɛ́mɛlɔ]] ya [[Beach Ngobila]] mpɔ̂ na kokɛndɛ Brazzaville na [[Bangi]], na [[nzéla-masinu]] ’te na [[Matadi]], elongo na [[Aleopori ya N'Djili|Aleopori]] ya [[N’djili]]. Bilóko minɛ́nɛ óyo emonanaka míngi ezalí [[Buludingi ya SOZACOM]], Hotel Inter-Continental na [[Hotel Memling]], [[Zando monene]] ya Kinshasa, '''[[Mizé ya Kinshasa]]''' na [[Académie des Beaux-Arts]]. [[Bulevale ya 30 Juin]] ndé ekangasí biténi nyɔ́nsɔ ya êná engúmba. ==Bato== {| border="1" style="float:left; margin: 1em;border-collapse:collapse;" |+ '''Évolution de la population de Kinshasa''' | valign="top" | {| ! style="background:#efefef;" | Année ! style="background:#efefef;" | Bato |----- | [[1920]] || align="right" | 1 600 |----- | [[1936]] || align="right" | 40 300 |----- | [[1938]] || align="right" | 35 900 |----- | [[1939]] || align="right" | 42 000 |----- | [[1947]] || align="right" | 126 100 |----- | [[1957]] || align="right" | 299 800 |----- | [[1959]] || align="right" | 402 500 |----- | [[1968]] || align="right" | 1 052 500 |} | valign="top" | {| ! style="background:#efefef;" | Année ! style="background:#efefef;" | Bato |----- | [[1970]] || align="right" | 1 323 000 |----- | [[1974]] || align="right" | 1 990 700 |----- | [[1976]] || align="right" | 2 443 900 |----- | [[1984]] || align="right" | 2 664 309 |----- | [[1991]] || align="right" | 3 804 000 |----- | [[1994]] || align="right" | 4 655 313 |----- | [[2005]] || align="right" | 7 500 000 |----- | ''2015'' || align="right" | ''est. 12 000 000'' |} |- | colspan="2" | <small>''Source: [http://www.library.uu.nl/wesp/populstat/Africa/congokit.htm Populstat], [http://www.gazetteer.de/c/c_cd.htm World Gazetteer]''</small> |} <!-- Kinshasa a crû de manière considérable, passant donc de 500&nbsp;000 habitants à la fin des années 60, à près de 5 millions au début de ce troisième millénaire. Selon les estimations elle pourrait atteindre les 10 millions d'habitants en [[2015]] (se hissant ainsi dans le top-30 des plus grosses [[agglomération]]s mondiales). De fait, elle concentre du coup tous les problèmes des grandes villes du tiers monde... Famine, maladie, sous-emploi, sans emploi, impayement, paupérisation, exclusion sociale... telles sont les caractéristiques de la vie de la majeure partie de la population kinoise. Selon la [[Banque mondiale]] le volume des emplois créés par le secteur informel en milieu urbain en [[Afrique]] est quasi inégalé, avec 95% ! (contre « seulement » 45% et 50% du total, dans quelques villes comme [[Freetown]] ou [[Ouagadougou]]). Toutefois, toutes statistiques sur Kinshasa restent sujettes à caution... Quoiqu'il en soit, la misère y est très grande. En dépit du fait qu’il soit parmi les pays les plus riches d’[[Afrique]] quant aux richesses du sol, du sous-sol et humaines, le [[République démocratique du Congo|Congo]] occupe actuellement l’une des dernières places au monde quant à son [[Produit national brut|PNB]] et son niveau de vie réel.--> ==Historia== <!-- The city was founded as a trading post by [[Henry Morton Stanley]] in [[1881]] and named Léopoldville in honor of King [[Leopold II of Belgium|Léopold II of Belgium]], who ruled the vast territory that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The post flourished as the first navigable port along the Congo River above [[Livingstone Falls]]: at first, all goods arriving at Léopoldville from the interior would have to be carried by porter to the port of [[Matadi]] along the coast. The completion of a railroad in [[1898]] provided a viable means of transportation along the river's lower reaches and sparked the rapid development of Léopoldville. By 1920, the city was elevated to capital of the Belgian Congo, replacing the seaside town of [[Boma]]. --> [[Image:Brazzaville_ISS007-E-6305.jpg|350px|thumb|right|Image of Kinshasa and Brazzaville, taken by NASA]] <!-- In [[1965]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] seized power in the Congo in his second coup and initiated a policy of "Africanizing" the names of people and places in the country. In [[1966]] Léopoldville was renamed Kinshasa for a village that once stood near the site. The city grew rapidly under Mobutu, drawing people from across the country who came in search of their fortunes or to escape ethnic strife elsewhere. This inevitably brought about a change to the city's ethnic and linguistic composition as well. Although it is situated in territory that traditionally belongs to the [[Bakongo]] people, the ''lingua franca'' in Kinshasa today is not [[Kongo language|Kikongo]] but [[Lingala]]. Kinshasa suffered greatly due to Mobutu's excesses, mass corruption, nepotism and the civil war that led to his downfall. Nevertheless, it is still a major cultural and intellectual center (by Central African standards), with a flourishing community of musicians and artists. It is also the country's major industrial center, processing many of the natural products brought from the interior. The city has recently had to fend off rioting soldiers who were protesting the government's inability to pay them. --> ==Media== <!--Kinshasa is home to a large number of radio and TV stations. The National TV is housed in the city. Its 2 channels reach more or less the entire country. In additional to these stations, there are nearly a dozen terrestrial stations reaching the environs of the city, and sometimes a bit beyond.--> == Climat == {| style="border:none; border-top: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px; border-left: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; float:right; margin: 1em;" |+ '''Moyennes de température et de précipitations''' ! style="background:#efefef;" | !! style="background:#efefef;" | Min.<br /> (°C)!! style="background:#efefef;" | Max.<br /> (°C) !! style="background:#efefef;" | Pluie <br /> (mm) |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | Yanuari | align="center" | 21 | align="center" | 31 | align="center" | 135 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | febuari | align="center" | 22 | align="center" | 31 | align="center" | 145 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | mársi | align="center" | 22 | align="center" | 32 | align="center" | 196 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | apríli | align="center" | 22 | align="center" | 32 | align="center" | 196 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | mai | align="center" | 22 | align="center" | 31 | align="center" | 159 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | yúni | align="center" | 19 | align="center" | 29 | align="center" | 8 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | yúli | align="center" | 18 | align="center" | 27 | align="center" | 3 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | ogusiti | align="center" | 18 | align="center" | 29 | align="center" | 3 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | septembere | align="center" | 20 | align="center" | 31 | align="center" | 30 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | ɔkɔtɔ́bɛ | align="center" | 21 | align="center" | 31 | align="center" | 119 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | novɛ́mbɛ | align="center" | 22 | align="center" | 31 | align="center" | 222 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | desembere | align="center" | 21 | align="center" | 30 | align="center" | 142 |- ! style="border-top:1px solid;" colspan="4" | <small>* Sources : [http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/world/city_guides/results.shtml?tt=TT000770 BBC Weather]</small> |- |} <!-- Les variations annuelles de température dans la région de Kinshasa sont d'environ 13 °[[Degré Celsius|Celsius]]. Le climat est de nature équatoriale. La saison sèche est de juin à septembre. Le reste de l'année est relativement pluvieux surtout aux alentours de mars ou novembre.--> == Nkásá-web o libándá Wikipedia == *{{en icon}} [http://www.boxing-memorabilia.com/aliforeman2.htm Rumble In The Jungle - Muhammad Ali Kinshasa, 1974] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.monuc.org/downloads/KINSHASA_IKONOS_SKETCH100.pdf Carte détaillée de Kinshasa] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/cartes/PlanLeoC.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1960) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/leopoldville1956.htm Photos de Léopoldville] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/Kin2005/index.htm Photos de Kinshasa 2005] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.stiopka.com/Leo/photos_leo.html Photos de Kinshasa / Léopoldville] ==Tálá mpé== *[[Molongo ya bakomini ya Kinshasa]] *[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] {{BakominiKinshasa}} {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} {{ndambo}} [[Category:Mbóka-mokonzi]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bingumba bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[cs:Kinshasa]] [[da:Kinshasa]] [[de:Kinshasa]] [[en:Kinshasa]] [[eo:Kinŝaso]] [[es:Kinshasa]] [[fa:کینشازا]] [[fi:Kinshasa]] [[fr:Kinshasa]] [[gl:Kinshasa]] [[he:קינשאסה]] [[id:Kinshasa]] [[io:Kinshasa]] [[is:Kinsasa]] [[it:Kinshasa]] [[ja:キンシャサ]] [[kg:Kinsasa]] [[ko:킨샤사]] [[lt:Kinšasa]] [[lv:Kinšasa]] [[mk:Киншаса]] [[nl:Kinshasa]] [[nn:Kinshasa]] [[no:Kinshasa]] [[os:Киншасæ]] [[pl:Kinszasa]] [[pt:Kinshasa]] [[ru:Киншаса]] [[scn:Kinshasa]] [[simple:Kinshasa]] [[sk:Kinshasa]] [[sv:Kinshasa]] [[zh:金夏沙]] 9943 2006-12-10T20:26:02Z 71.244.247.174 {{BiteniRKD| nom=Engúmba / Etúká ya Kinshasa| carte=[[image:DCongoKinshasa.png]]| capitale=[[Gombe (Kinshasa)|La Gombe]]| gouverneur=M. [[Liwanga Maata]]| supkm2= 9 965| lg=[[Lingála]]| pop=7 500 000| annéepop=[[2005]]| densité=752,63| ISO=CD-KN| dep=59| }} Mbóka tô engúmba '''Kinsásá''' —ekokí kotangemene ''Kinshásá''— (óyo eyebenákí kala o nkómbó ''Léopoldville'') ezalí '''[[mbóka-mokonzi]]''' ya '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]'''. Ezalí mpé [[etúká]] (''province'') ya ekólo êná. Ezalí engúmba monɛ́nɛ, na milioni 8 ya bato (est.). Elongo na nyɔ́nsɔ óyo, Kinshasa ezalí engúmba ya míbalé na bingumba nyɔ́nsɔ ya mokili, na elobelí [[lifalansé]], na sima ya engúmba '''[[Pari]]''' ([[Falansia]]), mpé ezalí o káti ya bingúmba minɛ́nɛ koleka ya [[Afrika]] o nsé ya [[Sahara]]. == Jyografi == [[Image:Kinshasa 2001.jpg|thumb|290px|Kinshasa, Kongo, 2001]] [[Image:Kinshasa 2003.jpg|thumb|290px|Esika ya bapark ya bulevale ya 30 Yuni, Kinshasa, Kongo, Avrili 2003]] <!-- Kinshasa is a city of sharp contrasts, with posh residential and commercial areas, two universities, and sprawling slums coexisting side by side. --> Ekútání na mabele o loboko-ya-mwǎsí ya '''Ebale ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ]]'''. Na yangó etalaní pɛnɛ-pɛnɛ mpenza na '''[[Brazzaville]]''', [[mbóka-mokonzi]] ya '''[[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]''' tǒ mpé '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]'''. Kinshasa ekútání na 4&deg;16' Sud, 15&deg;17' Este (-4.2667, 15.28333). Bisíká minɛ́nɛ ya êná engúmba: [[Cité de l'OUA]], ndáko ya '''[[Bulamatari ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''; Komini ya [[Matonge]], óyo eyebaní mokili mobimba mpɔ̂ na [[malɛki-butu]] na yangó; komini ya [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)|Gombe]]. Engúmba óyo ezalí na [[bwǎto|mǎto]] ya ebale tǒ mpé [[ferry|baferry]] na [[esɛ́mɛlɔ]] ya [[Beach Ngobila]] mpɔ̂ na kokɛndɛ Brazzaville na [[Bangi]], na [[nzéla-masinu]] ’te na [[Matadi]], elongo na [[Aleopori ya N'Djili|Aleopori]] ya [[N’djili]]. Bilóko minɛ́nɛ óyo emonanaka míngi ezalí [[Buludingi ya SOZACOM]], Hotel Inter-Continental na [[Hotel Memling]], [[Zando monene]] ya Kinshasa, '''[[Mizé ya Kinshasa]]''' na [[Académie des Beaux-Arts]]. [[Bulevale ya 30 Juin]] ndé ekangasí biténi nyɔ́nsɔ ya êná engúmba. ==Bato== {| border="1" style="float:left; margin: 1em;border-collapse:collapse;" |+ '''Évolution de la population de Kinshasa''' | valign="top" | {| ! style="background:#efefef;" | Année ! style="background:#efefef;" | Bato |----- | [[1920]] || align="right" | 1 600 |----- | [[1936]] || align="right" | 40 300 |----- | [[1938]] || align="right" | 35 900 |----- | [[1939]] || align="right" | 42 000 |----- | [[1947]] || align="right" | 126 100 |----- | [[1957]] || align="right" | 299 800 |----- | [[1959]] || align="right" | 402 500 |----- | [[1968]] || align="right" | 1 052 500 |} | valign="top" | {| ! style="background:#efefef;" | Année ! style="background:#efefef;" | Bato |----- | [[1970]] || align="right" | 1 323 000 |----- | [[1974]] || align="right" | 1 990 700 |----- | [[1976]] || align="right" | 2 443 900 |----- | [[1984]] || align="right" | 2 664 309 |----- | [[1991]] || align="right" | 3 804 000 |----- | [[1994]] || align="right" | 4 655 313 |----- | [[2005]] || align="right" | 7 500 000 |----- | ''2015'' || align="right" | ''est. 12 000 000'' |} |- | colspan="2" | <small>''Source: [http://www.library.uu.nl/wesp/populstat/Africa/congokit.htm Populstat], [http://www.gazetteer.de/c/c_cd.htm World Gazetteer]''</small> |} <!-- Kinshasa a crû de manière considérable, passant donc de 500&nbsp;000 habitants à la fin des années 60, à près de 5 millions au début de ce troisième millénaire. Selon les estimations elle pourrait atteindre les 10 millions d'habitants en [[2015]] (se hissant ainsi dans le top-30 des plus grosses [[agglomération]]s mondiales). De fait, elle concentre du coup tous les problèmes des grandes villes du tiers monde... Famine, maladie, sous-emploi, sans emploi, impayement, paupérisation, exclusion sociale... telles sont les caractéristiques de la vie de la majeure partie de la population kinoise. Selon la [[Banque mondiale]] le volume des emplois créés par le secteur informel en milieu urbain en [[Afrique]] est quasi inégalé, avec 95% ! (contre « seulement » 45% et 50% du total, dans quelques villes comme [[Freetown]] ou [[Ouagadougou]]). Toutefois, toutes statistiques sur Kinshasa restent sujettes à caution... Quoiqu'il en soit, la misère y est très grande. En dépit du fait qu’il soit parmi les pays les plus riches d’[[Afrique]] quant aux richesses du sol, du sous-sol et humaines, le [[République démocratique du Congo|Congo]] occupe actuellement l’une des dernières places au monde quant à son [[Produit national brut|PNB]] et son niveau de vie réel.--> ==Historia== <!-- The city was founded as a trading post by [[Henry Morton Stanley]] in [[1881]] and named Léopoldville in honor of King [[Leopold II of Belgium|Léopold II of Belgium]], who ruled the vast territory that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The post flourished as the first navigable port along the Congo River above [[Livingstone Falls]]: at first, all goods arriving at Léopoldville from the interior would have to be carried by porter to the port of [[Matadi]] along the coast. The completion of a railroad in [[1898]] provided a viable means of transportation along the river's lower reaches and sparked the rapid development of Léopoldville. By 1920, the city was elevated to capital of the Belgian Congo, replacing the seaside town of [[Boma]]. --> [[Image:Brazzaville_ISS007-E-6305.jpg|350px|thumb|right|Image of Kinshasa and Brazzaville, taken by NASA]] <!-- In [[1965]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] seized power in the Congo in his second coup and initiated a policy of "Africanizing" the names of people and places in the country. In [[1966]] Léopoldville was renamed Kinshasa for a village that once stood near the site. The city grew rapidly under Mobutu, drawing people from across the country who came in search of their fortunes or to escape ethnic strife elsewhere. This inevitably brought about a change to the city's ethnic and linguistic composition as well. Although it is situated in territory that traditionally belongs to the [[Bakongo]] people, the ''lingua franca'' in Kinshasa today is not [[Kongo language|Kikongo]] but [[Lingala]]. Kinshasa suffered greatly due to Mobutu's excesses, mass corruption, nepotism and the civil war that led to his downfall. Nevertheless, it is still a major cultural and intellectual center (by Central African standards), with a flourishing community of musicians and artists. It is also the country's major industrial center, processing many of the natural products brought from the interior. The city has recently had to fend off rioting soldiers who were protesting the government's inability to pay them. --> ==Media== <!--Kinshasa is home to a large number of radio and TV stations. The National TV is housed in the city. Its 2 channels reach more or less the entire country. In additional to these stations, there are nearly a dozen terrestrial stations reaching the environs of the city, and sometimes a bit beyond.--> == Climat == {| style="border:none; border-top: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px; border-left: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; float:right; margin: 1em;" |+ '''Moyennes de température et de précipitations''' ! style="background:#efefef;" | !! style="background:#efefef;" | Min.<br /> (°C)!! style="background:#efefef;" | Max.<br /> (°C) !! style="background:#efefef;" | Pluie <br /> (mm) |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | Yanuari | align="center" | 21 | align="center" | 31 | align="center" | 135 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | febuari | align="center" | 22 | align="center" | 31 | align="center" | 145 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | mársi | align="center" | 22 | align="center" | 32 | align="center" | 196 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | apríli | align="center" | 22 | align="center" | 32 | align="center" | 196 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | mai | align="center" | 22 | align="center" | 31 | align="center" | 159 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | yúni | align="center" | 19 | align="center" | 29 | align="center" | 8 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | yúli | align="center" | 18 | align="center" | 27 | align="center" | 3 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | ogusiti | align="center" | 18 | align="center" | 29 | align="center" | 3 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | septembere | align="center" | 20 | align="center" | 31 | align="center" | 30 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | ɔkɔtɔ́bɛ | align="center" | 21 | align="center" | 31 | align="center" | 119 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | novɛ́mbɛ | align="center" | 22 | align="center" | 31 | align="center" | 222 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | desembere | align="center" | 21 | align="center" | 30 | align="center" | 142 |- ! style="border-top:1px solid;" colspan="4" | <small>* Sources : [http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/world/city_guides/results.shtml?tt=TT000770 BBC Weather]</small> |- |} <!-- Les variations annuelles de température dans la région de Kinshasa sont d'environ 13 °[[Degré Celsius|Celsius]]. Le climat est de nature équatoriale. La saison sèche est de juin à septembre. Le reste de l'année est relativement pluvieux surtout aux alentours de mars ou novembre.--> == Nkásá-web o libándá Wikipedia == *{{en icon}} [http://www.boxing-memorabilia.com/aliforeman2.htm Rumble In The Jungle - Muhammad Ali Kinshasa, 1974] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.monuc.org/downloads/KINSHASA_IKONOS_SKETCH100.pdf Carte détaillée de Kinshasa] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/cartes/PlanLeoC.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1960) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/leopoldville1956.htm Photos de Léopoldville] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/Kin2005/index.htm Photos de Kinshasa 2005] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.stiopka.com/Leo/photos_leo.html Photos de Kinshasa / Léopoldville] ==Tálá mpé== *[[Molongo ya bakomini ya Kinshasa]] *[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] {{BakominiKinshasa}} {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} {{ndambo}} [[Category:Mbóka-mokonzi]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bingumba bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[cs:Kinshasa]] [[da:Kinshasa]] [[de:Kinshasa]] [[en:Kinshasa]] [[eo:Kinŝaso]] [[es:Kinshasa]] [[fa:کینشازا]] [[fi:Kinshasa]] [[fr:Kinshasa]] [[gl:Kinshasa]] [[he:קינשאסה]] [[id:Kinshasa]] [[io:Kinshasa]] [[is:Kinsasa]] [[it:Kinshasa]] [[ja:キンシャサ]] [[kg:Kinsasa]] [[ko:킨샤사]] [[lt:Kinšasa]] [[lv:Kinšasa]] [[mk:Киншаса]] [[nl:Kinshasa]] [[nn:Kinshasa]] [[no:Kinshasa]] [[os:Киншасæ]] [[pl:Kinszasa]] [[pt:Kinshasa]] [[ru:Киншаса]] [[scn:Kinshasa]] [[simple:Kinshasa]] [[sk:Kinshasa]] [[sv:Kinshasa]] [[zh:金夏沙]] 9949 2006-12-11T11:25:02Z 160.85.2.50 nouveau gouverneur depuis 16 oct 2006 {{BiteniRKD| nom=Engúmba / Etúká ya Kinshasa| carte=[[image:DCongoKinshasa.png]]| capitale=[[Gombe (Kinshasa)|La Gombe]]| gouverneur=M. [[Baudoin Liwanga Maata]]| supkm2= 9 965| lg=[[Lingála]]| pop=7 500 000| annéepop=[[2005]]| densité=752,63| ISO=CD-KN| dep=59| }} Mbóka tô engúmba '''Kinsásá''' —ekokí kotangemene ''Kinshásá''— (óyo eyebenákí kala o nkómbó ''Léopoldville'') ezalí '''[[mbóka-mokonzi]]''' ya '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]'''. Ezalí mpé [[etúká]] (''province'') ya ekólo êná. Ezalí engúmba monɛ́nɛ, na milioni 8 ya bato (est.). Elongo na nyɔ́nsɔ óyo, Kinshasa ezalí engúmba ya míbalé na bingumba nyɔ́nsɔ ya mokili, na elobelí [[lifalansé]], na sima ya engúmba '''[[Pari]]''' ([[Falansia]]), mpé ezalí o káti ya bingúmba minɛ́nɛ koleka ya [[Afrika]] o nsé ya [[Sahara]]. == Jyografi == [[Image:Kinshasa 2001.jpg|thumb|290px|Kinshasa, Kongo, 2001]] [[Image:Kinshasa 2003.jpg|thumb|290px|Esika ya bapark ya bulevale ya 30 Yuni, Kinshasa, Kongo, Avrili 2003]] <!-- Kinshasa is a city of sharp contrasts, with posh residential and commercial areas, two universities, and sprawling slums coexisting side by side. --> Ekútání na mabele o loboko-ya-mwǎsí ya '''Ebale ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ]]'''. Na yangó etalaní pɛnɛ-pɛnɛ mpenza na '''[[Brazzaville]]''', [[mbóka-mokonzi]] ya '''[[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]''' tǒ mpé '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]'''. Kinshasa ekútání na 4&deg;16' Sud, 15&deg;17' Este (-4.2667, 15.28333). Bisíká minɛ́nɛ ya êná engúmba: [[Cité de l'OUA]], ndáko ya '''[[Bulamatari ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''; Komini ya [[Matonge]], óyo eyebaní mokili mobimba mpɔ̂ na [[malɛki-butu]] na yangó; komini ya [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)|Gombe]]. Engúmba óyo ezalí na [[bwǎto|mǎto]] ya ebale tǒ mpé [[ferry|baferry]] na [[esɛ́mɛlɔ]] ya [[Beach Ngobila]] mpɔ̂ na kokɛndɛ Brazzaville na [[Bangi]], na [[nzéla-masinu]] ’te na [[Matadi]], elongo na [[Aleopori ya N'Djili|Aleopori]] ya [[N’djili]]. Bilóko minɛ́nɛ óyo emonanaka míngi ezalí [[Buludingi ya SOZACOM]], Hotel Inter-Continental na [[Hotel Memling]], [[Zando monene]] ya Kinshasa, '''[[Mizé ya Kinshasa]]''' na [[Académie des Beaux-Arts]]. [[Bulevale ya 30 Juin]] ndé ekangasí biténi nyɔ́nsɔ ya êná engúmba. ==Bato== {| border="1" style="float:left; margin: 1em;border-collapse:collapse;" |+ '''Évolution de la population de Kinshasa''' | valign="top" | {| ! style="background:#efefef;" | Année ! style="background:#efefef;" | Bato |----- | [[1920]] || align="right" | 1 600 |----- | [[1936]] || align="right" | 40 300 |----- | [[1938]] || align="right" | 35 900 |----- | [[1939]] || align="right" | 42 000 |----- | [[1947]] || align="right" | 126 100 |----- | [[1957]] || align="right" | 299 800 |----- | [[1959]] || align="right" | 402 500 |----- | [[1968]] || align="right" | 1 052 500 |} | valign="top" | {| ! style="background:#efefef;" | Année ! style="background:#efefef;" | Bato |----- | [[1970]] || align="right" | 1 323 000 |----- | [[1974]] || align="right" | 1 990 700 |----- | [[1976]] || align="right" | 2 443 900 |----- | [[1984]] || align="right" | 2 664 309 |----- | [[1991]] || align="right" | 3 804 000 |----- | [[1994]] || align="right" | 4 655 313 |----- | [[2005]] || align="right" | 7 500 000 |----- | ''2015'' || align="right" | ''est. 12 000 000'' |} |- | colspan="2" | <small>''Source: [http://www.library.uu.nl/wesp/populstat/Africa/congokit.htm Populstat], [http://www.gazetteer.de/c/c_cd.htm World Gazetteer]''</small> |} <!-- Kinshasa a crû de manière considérable, passant donc de 500&nbsp;000 habitants à la fin des années 60, à près de 5 millions au début de ce troisième millénaire. Selon les estimations elle pourrait atteindre les 10 millions d'habitants en [[2015]] (se hissant ainsi dans le top-30 des plus grosses [[agglomération]]s mondiales). De fait, elle concentre du coup tous les problèmes des grandes villes du tiers monde... Famine, maladie, sous-emploi, sans emploi, impayement, paupérisation, exclusion sociale... telles sont les caractéristiques de la vie de la majeure partie de la population kinoise. Selon la [[Banque mondiale]] le volume des emplois créés par le secteur informel en milieu urbain en [[Afrique]] est quasi inégalé, avec 95% ! (contre « seulement » 45% et 50% du total, dans quelques villes comme [[Freetown]] ou [[Ouagadougou]]). Toutefois, toutes statistiques sur Kinshasa restent sujettes à caution... Quoiqu'il en soit, la misère y est très grande. En dépit du fait qu’il soit parmi les pays les plus riches d’[[Afrique]] quant aux richesses du sol, du sous-sol et humaines, le [[République démocratique du Congo|Congo]] occupe actuellement l’une des dernières places au monde quant à son [[Produit national brut|PNB]] et son niveau de vie réel.--> ==Historia== <!-- The city was founded as a trading post by [[Henry Morton Stanley]] in [[1881]] and named Léopoldville in honor of King [[Leopold II of Belgium|Léopold II of Belgium]], who ruled the vast territory that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The post flourished as the first navigable port along the Congo River above [[Livingstone Falls]]: at first, all goods arriving at Léopoldville from the interior would have to be carried by porter to the port of [[Matadi]] along the coast. The completion of a railroad in [[1898]] provided a viable means of transportation along the river's lower reaches and sparked the rapid development of Léopoldville. By 1920, the city was elevated to capital of the Belgian Congo, replacing the seaside town of [[Boma]]. --> [[Image:Brazzaville_ISS007-E-6305.jpg|350px|thumb|right|Image of Kinshasa and Brazzaville, taken by NASA]] <!-- In [[1965]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] seized power in the Congo in his second coup and initiated a policy of "Africanizing" the names of people and places in the country. In [[1966]] Léopoldville was renamed Kinshasa for a village that once stood near the site. The city grew rapidly under Mobutu, drawing people from across the country who came in search of their fortunes or to escape ethnic strife elsewhere. This inevitably brought about a change to the city's ethnic and linguistic composition as well. Although it is situated in territory that traditionally belongs to the [[Bakongo]] people, the ''lingua franca'' in Kinshasa today is not [[Kongo language|Kikongo]] but [[Lingala]]. Kinshasa suffered greatly due to Mobutu's excesses, mass corruption, nepotism and the civil war that led to his downfall. Nevertheless, it is still a major cultural and intellectual center (by Central African standards), with a flourishing community of musicians and artists. It is also the country's major industrial center, processing many of the natural products brought from the interior. The city has recently had to fend off rioting soldiers who were protesting the government's inability to pay them. --> ==Media== <!--Kinshasa is home to a large number of radio and TV stations. The National TV is housed in the city. Its 2 channels reach more or less the entire country. In additional to these stations, there are nearly a dozen terrestrial stations reaching the environs of the city, and sometimes a bit beyond.--> == Climat == {| style="border:none; border-top: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px; border-left: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; float:right; margin: 1em;" |+ '''Moyennes de température et de précipitations''' ! style="background:#efefef;" | !! style="background:#efefef;" | Min.<br /> (°C)!! style="background:#efefef;" | Max.<br /> (°C) !! style="background:#efefef;" | Pluie <br /> (mm) |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | Yanuari | align="center" | 21 | align="center" | 31 | align="center" | 135 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | febuari | align="center" | 22 | align="center" | 31 | align="center" | 145 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | mársi | align="center" | 22 | align="center" | 32 | align="center" | 196 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | apríli | align="center" | 22 | align="center" | 32 | align="center" | 196 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | mai | align="center" | 22 | align="center" | 31 | align="center" | 159 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | yúni | align="center" | 19 | align="center" | 29 | align="center" | 8 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | yúli | align="center" | 18 | align="center" | 27 | align="center" | 3 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | ogusiti | align="center" | 18 | align="center" | 29 | align="center" | 3 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | septembere | align="center" | 20 | align="center" | 31 | align="center" | 30 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | ɔkɔtɔ́bɛ | align="center" | 21 | align="center" | 31 | align="center" | 119 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | novɛ́mbɛ | align="center" | 22 | align="center" | 31 | align="center" | 222 |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | desembere | align="center" | 21 | align="center" | 30 | align="center" | 142 |- ! style="border-top:1px solid;" colspan="4" | <small>* Sources : [http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/world/city_guides/results.shtml?tt=TT000770 BBC Weather]</small> |- |} <!-- Les variations annuelles de température dans la région de Kinshasa sont d'environ 13 °[[Degré Celsius|Celsius]]. Le climat est de nature équatoriale. La saison sèche est de juin à septembre. Le reste de l'année est relativement pluvieux surtout aux alentours de mars ou novembre.--> == Nkásá-web o libándá Wikipedia == *{{en icon}} [http://www.boxing-memorabilia.com/aliforeman2.htm Rumble In The Jungle - Muhammad Ali Kinshasa, 1974] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.monuc.org/downloads/KINSHASA_IKONOS_SKETCH100.pdf Carte détaillée de Kinshasa] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/cartes/PlanLeoC.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1960) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/leopoldville1956.htm Photos de Léopoldville] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.katembo.be/Kin2005/index.htm Photos de Kinshasa 2005] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.stiopka.com/Leo/photos_leo.html Photos de Kinshasa / Léopoldville] ==Tálá mpé== *[[Molongo ya bakomini ya Kinshasa]] *[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] {{BakominiKinshasa}} {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} {{ndambo}} [[Category:Mbóka-mokonzi]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bingumba bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[cs:Kinshasa]] [[da:Kinshasa]] [[de:Kinshasa]] [[en:Kinshasa]] [[eo:Kinŝaso]] [[es:Kinshasa]] [[fa:کینشازا]] [[fi:Kinshasa]] [[fr:Kinshasa]] [[gl:Kinshasa]] [[he:קינשאסה]] [[id:Kinshasa]] [[io:Kinshasa]] [[is:Kinsasa]] [[it:Kinshasa]] [[ja:キンシャサ]] [[kg:Kinsasa]] [[ko:킨샤사]] [[lt:Kinšasa]] [[lv:Kinšasa]] [[mk:Киншаса]] [[nl:Kinshasa]] [[nn:Kinshasa]] [[no:Kinshasa]] [[os:Киншасæ]] [[pl:Kinszasa]] [[pt:Kinshasa]] [[ru:Киншаса]] [[scn:Kinshasa]] [[simple:Kinshasa]] [[sk:Kinshasa]] [[sv:Kinshasa]] [[zh:金夏沙]] Maniema 1568 5238 2005-07-11T01:53:55Z Themalau 22 {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} 5393 2005-07-18T09:29:14Z Themalau 22 {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Bingumba bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Ba provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] 5714 2005-07-26T07:27:35Z Themalau 22 {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] 6583 2005-10-27T10:04:43Z Bombo 12 interwiki {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[en:Maniema]] [[fr:Maniema]] [[sv:Maniema]] 6590 2005-10-27T10:11:42Z Bombo 12 img [[image:DCongoManiema.png|right|]] '''Maniema''' ezali [[etuka]] ya ekolo [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[en:Maniema]] [[fr:Maniema]] [[sv:Maniema]] 7929 2006-03-31T05:54:24Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: de [[image:DCongoManiema.png|right|]] '''Maniema''' ezali [[etuka]] ya ekolo [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[de:Maniema]] [[en:Maniema]] [[fr:Maniema]] [[sv:Maniema]] Nord-Kivu 1569 5239 2005-07-11T01:54:03Z Themalau 22 {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} 5713 2005-07-26T07:26:05Z Themalau 22 {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] 6584 2005-10-27T10:05:20Z Bombo 12 interwiki {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[en:Nord-Kivu]] [[fr:Nord-Kivu]] [[sv:Kivu-Nord]] 6730 2005-11-05T16:56:43Z Blockinblox 38 {{ndámbo}} {{ndámbo}} {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[en:Nord-Kivu]] [[fr:Nord-Kivu]] [[sv:Kivu-Nord]] 7928 2006-03-31T05:49:15Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: de {{ndámbo}} {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[de:Nord-Kivu]] [[en:Nord-Kivu]] [[fr:Nord-Kivu]] [[sv:Kivu-Nord]] 9034 2006-08-02T06:06:56Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: [[fi:Pohjois-Kivu]] {{ndámbo}} {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[de:Nord-Kivu]] [[en:Nord-Kivu]] [[fi:Pohjois-Kivu]] [[fr:Nord-Kivu]] [[sv:Kivu-Nord]] Orientale 1570 5240 2005-07-11T01:54:12Z Themalau 22 {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} 5708 2005-07-26T07:18:03Z Themalau 22 {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] 6585 2005-10-27T10:05:59Z Bombo 12 interwiki {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[en:Orientale, Congo]] [[fr:Orientale]] [[sv:Orientale]] 6731 2005-11-05T16:58:20Z Blockinblox 38 {{ndámbo}} {{ndámbo}} {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[en:Orientale, Congo]] [[fr:Orientale]] [[sv:Orientale]] 7938 2006-04-02T19:00:31Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: de Modifie: fr {{ndámbo}} {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[de:Orientale]] [[en:Orientale, Congo]] [[fr:Province Orientale en République démocratique du Congo]] [[sv:Orientale]] Sud-Kivu 1571 5241 2005-07-11T01:54:24Z Themalau 22 {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} 5709 2005-07-26T07:18:31Z Themalau 22 {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] 6586 2005-10-27T10:06:42Z Bombo 12 interwiki {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[en:Sud-Kivu]] [[fr:Sud-Kivu]] [[sv:Kivu-Sud]] 6728 2005-11-05T16:54:27Z Blockinblox 38 {{ndámbo}} {{ndámbo}} {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[en:Sud-Kivu]] [[fr:Sud-Kivu]] [[sv:Kivu-Sud]] 7941 2006-04-02T19:26:05Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: de {{ndámbo}} {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[de:Sud-Kivu]] [[en:Sud-Kivu]] [[fr:Sud-Kivu]] [[sv:Kivu-Sud]] 9055 2006-08-02T06:29:31Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: [[fi:Etelä-Kivu]] {{ndámbo}} {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[de:Sud-Kivu]] [[en:Sud-Kivu]] [[fi:Etelä-Kivu]] [[fr:Sud-Kivu]] [[sv:Kivu-Sud]] Template:Bokokani 1573 5247 2005-07-11T06:32:05Z 199.8.238.219 <div class="plainlinks">''[[Aide:Homonymie|Lokasa ya bokokani]] oyo elakisi ba-sujets, mpe ba-articles oyo bakeseni okati na bango, kasi oyo bakokani na nkombo.&nbsp;''[[Image:Logo Begriffsklärung.png|25px|]]</div> <hr style="clear:both" /> 5682 2005-07-25T02:09:02Z Themalau 22 <div class="plainlinks" style="background:#ccccff">''[[Aide:Homonymie|Lokasa ya bokokani]] oyo elakisi ba-sujets, mpe ba-articles oyo bakeseni okati na bango, kasi oyo bakokani na nkombo.&nbsp;''[[Image:Logo Begriffsklärung.png|25px|]]</div> <hr style="clear:both" /> 5683 2005-07-25T02:09:38Z Themalau 22 <div class="plainlinks" style="background:#ccccff">'''''[[Aide:Homonymie|Lokasa ya bokokani]]''' oyo elakisi ba-sujets, mpe ba-articles oyo bakeseni okati na bango, kasi oyo bakokani na nkombo.&nbsp;''[[Image:Logo Begriffsklärung.png|25px|]]</div> <hr style="clear:both" /> 5872 2005-07-31T09:04:38Z Moyogo 11 +cat +ortho <div class="plainlinks" style="background:#ccccff">[[Image:Logo Begriffsklärung.png|25px|]]'''''[[Aide:Bokokani|Lonkásá ya bokokani]]''' óyo elakisí makambo, mpé oyo bakɛsɛ́ní okátí na bangó, kasi óyo bakokání na nkómbó.&nbsp;''</div> <hr style="clear:both" /> [[Category:Bokokani]] 8463 2006-06-19T21:44:32Z 84.189.228.20 <div class="plainlinks" style="background:#ccccff">[[Image:Disambig.svg|25px|]]'''''[[Aide:Bokokani|Lonkásá ya bokokani]]''' óyo elakisí makambo, mpé oyo bakɛsɛ́ní okátí na bangó, kasi óyo bakokání na nkómbó.&nbsp;''</div> <hr style="clear:both" /> [[Category:Bokokani]] Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa 1575 5266 2005-07-11T08:36:20Z Themalau 22 {Infobox Ekolo} 5267 2005-07-11T08:36:40Z Themalau 22 {{Infobox Ekolo}} 5363 2005-07-18T01:46:19Z Themalau 22 [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_large.png|right|thumb|188px|[[Image:FIAV_63.png]] Flag ratio: 2:3]] '''Bɛndɛ́lɛ na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]''' eponamaki na [[1997]]. Ekokani na Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa banda [[1960]] tee [[1963]]. Originally the stars on the left represented the six [[provinces of the Democratic Republic of Congo]], but this is no longer appropriate. This flag was based on the old colonial flag, which omitted the stars to the left. [[Image:Zaire_flag.gif|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na [[Zaire]] (1971-1997)]] [[Image:Congo democratic flag large 1963-1971.png|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na 1963-1971]] {{nationalflags}}<!-- to edit this table, go to [[Template:Nationalflags]] --> ==External link== *{{FOTW|id=cd|title=Democratic Republic of the Congo}} [[Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[Category:National flags|Congo, Democratic Republic of]] [[de:Flagge der Demokratischen Republik Kongo]] [[he:&#1491;&#1490;&#1500; &#1492;&#1512;&#1508;&#1493;&#1489;&#1500;&#1497;&#1511;&#1492; &#1492;&#1491;&#1502;&#1493;&#1511;&#1512;&#1496;&#1497;&#1514; &#1513;&#1500; &#1511;&#1493;&#1504;&#1490;&#1493;]] [[it:Bandiera della Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongos flagga]] [[fr:Drapeau de la Republique Democratique du Congo]] [[pt:Bandeira da República Democrática do Congo]] 5364 2005-07-18T01:53:13Z Themalau 22 [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_large.png|right|thumb|188px|[[Image:FIAV_63.png]] Flag ratio: 2:3]] '''Bɛndɛ́lɛ na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]''' eponamaki na [[1997]]. Ekokani na Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa banda [[1960]] tee [[1963]]. Originally the stars on the left represented the six [[provinces of the Democratic Republic of Congo]], but this is no longer appropriate. This flag was based on the old colonial flag, which omitted the stars to the left. [[Image:Zaire_flag.gif|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na [[Zaire]] (1971-1997)]] [[Image:Congo democratic flag large 1963-1971.png|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na 1963-1971]] {{nationalflags}}<!-- to edit this table, go to [[Template:Nationalflags]] --> [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Ba Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya bisé|Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki, Repubiliki ya]] [[de:Flagge der Demokratischen Republik Kongo]] [[he:&#1491;&#1490;&#1500; &#1492;&#1512;&#1508;&#1493;&#1489;&#1500;&#1497;&#1511;&#1492; &#1492;&#1491;&#1502;&#1493;&#1511;&#1512;&#1496;&#1497;&#1514; &#1513;&#1500; &#1511;&#1493;&#1504;&#1490;&#1493;]] [[it:Bandiera della Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongos flagga]] [[fr:Drapeau de la Republique Democratique du Congo]] [[pt:Bandeira da República Democrática do Congo]] 5365 2005-07-18T01:54:46Z Themalau 22 [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_large.png|right|thumb|188px|[[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png]] Flag ratio: 2:3]] '''Bɛndɛ́lɛ na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]''' eponamaki na [[1997]]. Ekokani na Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa banda [[1960]] tee [[1963]]. Originally the stars on the left represented the six [[provinces of the Democratic Republic of Congo]], but this is no longer appropriate. This flag was based on the old colonial flag, which omitted the stars to the left. [[Image:Zaire_flag.gif|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na [[Zaire]] (1971-1997)]] [[Image:Congo democratic flag large 1963-1971.png|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na 1963-1971]] {{nationalflags}}<!-- to edit this table, go to [[Template:Nationalflags]] --> [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Ba Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya bisé|Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki, Repubiliki ya]] [[de:Flagge der Demokratischen Republik Kongo]] [[he:&#1491;&#1490;&#1500; &#1492;&#1512;&#1508;&#1493;&#1489;&#1500;&#1497;&#1511;&#1492; &#1492;&#1491;&#1502;&#1493;&#1511;&#1512;&#1496;&#1497;&#1514; &#1513;&#1500; &#1511;&#1493;&#1504;&#1490;&#1493;]] [[it:Bandiera della Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongos flagga]] [[fr:Drapeau de la Republique Democratique du Congo]] [[pt:Bandeira da República Democrática do Congo]] 5366 2005-07-18T01:56:44Z Themalau 22 [[Image:Congo_democratic_flag_300.png|right|thumb|188px|Flag ratio: 2:3]] '''Bɛndɛ́lɛ na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]''' eponamaki na [[1997]]. Ekokani na Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa banda [[1960]] tee [[1963]]. Originally the stars on the left represented the six [[provinces of the Democratic Republic of Congo]], but this is no longer appropriate. This flag was based on the old colonial flag, which omitted the stars to the left. [[Image:Zaire_flag.gif|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na [[Zaire]] (1971-1997)]] [[Image:Congo democratic flag large 1963-1971.png|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na 1963-1971]] {{nationalflags}}<!-- to edit this table, go to [[Template:Nationalflags]] --> [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Ba Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya bisé|Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki, Repubiliki ya]] [[de:Flagge der Demokratischen Republik Kongo]] [[he:&#1491;&#1490;&#1500; &#1492;&#1512;&#1508;&#1493;&#1489;&#1500;&#1497;&#1511;&#1492; &#1492;&#1491;&#1502;&#1493;&#1511;&#1512;&#1496;&#1497;&#1514; &#1513;&#1500; &#1511;&#1493;&#1504;&#1490;&#1493;]] [[it:Bandiera della Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongos flagga]] [[fr:Drapeau de la Republique Democratique du Congo]] [[pt:Bandeira da República Democrática do Congo]] 6388 2005-09-28T19:08:50Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1960.svg|right|thumb|188px|[[Image:FIAV_63.png]] Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Image:Flag of Congo Free State.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na ntángo ya banɔ́kɔ́ (1877-1960)]] [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1960.svg|right|thumb|188px|1960-1963]] [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1963.svg|right|thumb|188px|1963-1966]] [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1966.svg|right|thumb|188px|1966-1971]] [[Image:Zaire_flag.gif|right|thumb|188px|Drapeau du [[Zaïre]] (1971-1997)]] [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1997.svg|right|thumb|188px|1997-2003]] '''Bɛndɛ́lɛ na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]''' eponamaki na [[2003]]. Ekokani na Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa banda [[1960]] tee [[1963]]. Originally the stars on the left represented the six [[provinces of the Democratic Republic of Congo]], but this is no longer appropriate. This flag was based on the old colonial flag, which omitted the stars to the left. {{nationalflags}}<!-- to edit this table, go to [[Template:Nationalflags]] --> [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya bisé|Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki, Repubiliki ya]] [[de:Flagge der Demokratischen Republik Kongo]] [[he:&#1491;&#1490;&#1500; &#1492;&#1512;&#1508;&#1493;&#1489;&#1500;&#1497;&#1511;&#1492; &#1492;&#1491;&#1502;&#1493;&#1511;&#1512;&#1496;&#1497;&#1514; &#1513;&#1500; &#1511;&#1493;&#1504;&#1490;&#1493;]] [[it:Bandiera della Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongos flagga]] [[fr:Drapeau de la Republique Democratique du Congo]] [[pt:Bandeira da República Democrática do Congo]] 6395 2005-09-29T20:31:26Z Moyogo 11 Zaire.svg [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1960.svg|right|thumb|188px|[[Image:FIAV_63.png]] Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Image:Flag of Congo Free State.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na ntángo ya banɔ́kɔ́ (1877-1960)]] [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1960.svg|right|thumb|188px|1960-1963]] [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1963.svg|right|thumb|188px|1963-1966]] [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1966.svg|right|thumb|188px|1966-1971]] [[Image:Flag of Zaire.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na [[Zaire]] (1971-1997)]] [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1997.svg|right|thumb|188px|1997-2003]] '''Bɛndɛ́lɛ na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]''' eponamaki na [[2003]]. Ekokani na Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa banda [[1960]] tee [[1963]]. Originally the stars on the left represented the six [[provinces of the Democratic Republic of Congo]], but this is no longer appropriate. This flag was based on the old colonial flag, which omitted the stars to the left. {{nationalflags}}<!-- to edit this table, go to [[Template:Nationalflags]] --> [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya bisé|Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki, Repubiliki ya]] [[de:Flagge der Demokratischen Republik Kongo]] [[he:&#1491;&#1490;&#1500; &#1492;&#1512;&#1508;&#1493;&#1489;&#1500;&#1497;&#1511;&#1492; &#1492;&#1491;&#1502;&#1493;&#1511;&#1512;&#1496;&#1497;&#1514; &#1513;&#1500; &#1511;&#1493;&#1504;&#1490;&#1493;]] [[it:Bandiera della Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongos flagga]] [[fr:Drapeau de la Republique Democratique du Congo]] [[pt:Bandeira da República Democrática do Congo]] 6396 2005-09-30T09:17:58Z Moyogo 11 Bɛndɛlɛ ya 1997 = bɛndɛlɛ ya 2003 = bɛndɛlɛ ya 1960 [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1960.svg|right|thumb|188px|[[Image:FIAV_63.png]] Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Image:Flag of Congo Free State.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na ntángo ya banɔ́kɔ́ (1877-1960)]] [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1960.svg|right|thumb|188px|1960-1963]] [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1963.svg|right|thumb|188px|1963-1966]] [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1966.svg|right|thumb|188px|1966-1971]] [[Image:Flag of Zaire.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na [[Zaire]] (1971-1997)]] '''Bɛndɛ́lɛ na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]''' eponamaki na [[2003]]. Ekokani na Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa banda [[1960]] tee [[1963]]. Originally the stars on the left represented the six [[provinces of the Democratic Republic of Congo]], but this is no longer appropriate. This flag was based on the old colonial flag, which omitted the stars to the left. {{nationalflags}}<!-- to edit this table, go to [[Template:Nationalflags]] --> [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya bisé|Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki, Repubiliki ya]] [[de:Flagge der Demokratischen Republik Kongo]] [[he:&#1491;&#1490;&#1500; &#1492;&#1512;&#1508;&#1493;&#1489;&#1500;&#1497;&#1511;&#1492; &#1492;&#1491;&#1502;&#1493;&#1511;&#1512;&#1496;&#1497;&#1514; &#1513;&#1500; &#1511;&#1493;&#1504;&#1490;&#1493;]] [[it:Bandiera della Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongos flagga]] [[fr:Drapeau de la Republique Democratique du Congo]] [[pt:Bandeira da República Democrática do Congo]] 6680 2005-11-05T10:01:08Z Moyogo 11 Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa moved to Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1960.svg|right|thumb|188px|[[Image:FIAV_63.png]] Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Image:Flag of Congo Free State.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na ntángo ya banɔ́kɔ́ (1877-1960)]] [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1960.svg|right|thumb|188px|1960-1963]] [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1963.svg|right|thumb|188px|1963-1966]] [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1966.svg|right|thumb|188px|1966-1971]] [[Image:Flag of Zaire.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na [[Zaire]] (1971-1997)]] '''Bɛndɛ́lɛ na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]''' eponamaki na [[2003]]. Ekokani na Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa banda [[1960]] tee [[1963]]. Originally the stars on the left represented the six [[provinces of the Democratic Republic of Congo]], but this is no longer appropriate. This flag was based on the old colonial flag, which omitted the stars to the left. {{nationalflags}}<!-- to edit this table, go to [[Template:Nationalflags]] --> [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya bisé|Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki, Repubiliki ya]] [[de:Flagge der Demokratischen Republik Kongo]] [[he:&#1491;&#1490;&#1500; &#1492;&#1512;&#1508;&#1493;&#1489;&#1500;&#1497;&#1511;&#1492; &#1492;&#1491;&#1502;&#1493;&#1511;&#1512;&#1496;&#1497;&#1514; &#1513;&#1500; &#1511;&#1493;&#1504;&#1490;&#1493;]] [[it:Bandiera della Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongos flagga]] [[fr:Drapeau de la Republique Democratique du Congo]] [[pt:Bandeira da República Democrática do Congo]] 7466 2006-01-01T19:38:43Z 82.158.62.60 [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1960.svg|right|thumb|188px|[[Image:FIAV_63.png]] Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Image:Flag of Congo Free State.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na ntángo ya banɔ́kɔ́ (1877-1960)]] [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1960.svg|right|thumb|188px|1960-1963]] [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1963.svg|right|thumb|188px|1963-1966]] [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1966.svg|right|thumb|188px|1966-1971]] [[Image:Flag of Zaire.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na [[Zaire]] (1971-1997)]] '''Bɛndɛ́lɛ na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]''' eponamaki na [[2003]]. Ekokani na Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa banda [[1960]] tee [[1963]]. Originally the stars on the left represented the six [[provinces of the Democratic Republic of Congo]], but this is no longer appropriate. This flag was based on the old colonial flag, which omitted the stars to the left. {{nationalflags}}<!-- to edit this table, go to [[Template:Nationalflags]] --> [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya bisé|Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki, Repubiliki ya]] [[de:Flagge der Demokratischen Republik Kongo]] [[es:Bandera de la República Democrática del Congo]] [[he:&#1491;&#1490;&#1500; &#1492;&#1512;&#1508;&#1493;&#1489;&#1500;&#1497;&#1511;&#1492; &#1492;&#1491;&#1502;&#1493;&#1511;&#1512;&#1496;&#1497;&#1514; &#1513;&#1500; &#1511;&#1493;&#1504;&#1490;&#1493;]] [[it:Bandiera della Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongos flagga]] [[fr:Drapeau de la Republique Democratique du Congo]] [[pt:Bandeira da República Democrática do Congo]] 7622 2006-01-17T20:28:49Z 80.141.109.95 sign under new name on commons [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1960.svg|right|thumb|188px|[[Image:FIAV 111111.png]] Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Image:Flag of Congo Free State.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na ntángo ya banɔ́kɔ́ (1877-1960)]] [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1960.svg|right|thumb|188px|1960-1963]] [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1963.svg|right|thumb|188px|1963-1966]] [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1966.svg|right|thumb|188px|1966-1971]] [[Image:Flag of Zaire.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na [[Zaire]] (1971-1997)]] '''Bɛndɛ́lɛ na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]''' eponamaki na [[2003]]. Ekokani na Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa banda [[1960]] tee [[1963]]. Originally the stars on the left represented the six [[provinces of the Democratic Republic of Congo]], but this is no longer appropriate. This flag was based on the old colonial flag, which omitted the stars to the left. {{nationalflags}}<!-- to edit this table, go to [[Template:Nationalflags]] --> [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya bisé|Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki, Repubiliki ya]] [[de:Flagge der Demokratischen Republik Kongo]] [[es:Bandera de la República Democrática del Congo]] [[he:&#1491;&#1490;&#1500; &#1492;&#1512;&#1508;&#1493;&#1489;&#1500;&#1497;&#1511;&#1492; &#1492;&#1491;&#1502;&#1493;&#1511;&#1512;&#1496;&#1497;&#1514; &#1513;&#1500; &#1511;&#1493;&#1504;&#1490;&#1493;]] [[it:Bandiera della Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongos flagga]] [[fr:Drapeau de la Republique Democratique du Congo]] [[pt:Bandeira da República Democrática do Congo]] 7623 2006-01-17T20:37:36Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1960.svg|right|thumb|188px|[[Image:FIAV_63.png]] Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Image:Flag of Congo Free State.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na ntángo ya banɔ́kɔ́ (1877-1960)]] [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1960.svg|right|thumb|188px|1960-1963]] [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1963.svg|right|thumb|188px|1963-1966]] [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1966.svg|right|thumb|188px|1966-1971]] [[Image:Flag of Zaire.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na [[Zaire]] (1971-1997)]] '''Bɛndɛ́lɛ na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]''' eponamaki na [[2003]]. Ekokani na Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa banda [[1960]] tee [[1963]]. Originally the stars on the left represented the six [[provinces of the Democratic Republic of Congo]], but this is no longer appropriate. This flag was based on the old colonial flag, which omitted the stars to the left. {{nationalflags}}<!-- to edit this table, go to [[Template:Nationalflags]] --> [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya bisé|Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki, Repubiliki ya]] [[de:Flagge der Demokratischen Republik Kongo]] [[es:Bandera de la República Democrática del Congo]] [[he:דגל הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[it:Bandiera della Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongos flagga]] [[fr:Drapeau de la Republique Democratique du Congo]] [[pt:Bandeira da República Democrática do Congo]] 7815 2006-03-08T13:06:17Z Bombo 12 1997; 2006 [[Image:Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]; 18 febuari 2006 –]] ===1997 – 2006=== [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1997.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki; 17 mai 1997 – 18 febuari 2006]] '''Bɛndɛ́lɛ na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]''' eponamaki na [[2003]]. Ekokani na Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa banda [[1960]] tee [[1963]]. ===1971 – 1997=== [[Image:Flag of Zaire.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na [[Zaire]]; 21 novɛmbɛ 1971 tee 17 mai1997)]] ===1966 – 1971=== [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1966.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kisásá; 1966 tee 21 novɛmbɛ 1971]] ===1963 – 1966=== [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1963.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Léopoldville;a yúli 1963 tee 1966]] ===1963 – 1966=== [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1960.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ; 1 yúli 1960 tee 1 yúli 1963]] ===1877 – 1960=== [[Image:Flag of Congo Free State.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na ntángo ya banɔ́kɔ́; 21 yúni 1877 tee 30 yúni 1960]] == Tála mpé == * [[Almwali_ya_Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ]] == Nkásá o libándá == [http://www.flaggenlexikon.de/fkongoki.htm#Bedeutung] Historia ya bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa (lialémani / lingɛlɛ́sa) ''(If you can: please translate to this page. — Wennn du kannst: Bitte übersetze für diese Seite.)'' {{nationalflags}}<!-- to edit this table, go to [[Template:Nationalflags]] --> [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya bisé|Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki, Repubiliki ya]] [[de:Flagge der Demokratischen Republik Kongo]] [[es:Bandera de la República Democrática del Congo]] [[he:דגל הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[it:Bandiera della Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongos flagga]] [[fr:Drapeau de la Republique Democratique du Congo]] [[pt:Bandeira da República Democrática do Congo]] 7871 2006-03-27T03:47:16Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: en, et, fi, ja, ko, lt, nl, pl Modifie: fr [[Image:Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]; 18 febuari 2006 –]] ===1997 – 2006=== [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1997.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki; 17 mai 1997 – 18 febuari 2006]] '''Bɛndɛ́lɛ na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]''' eponamaki na [[2003]]. Ekokani na Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa banda [[1960]] tee [[1963]]. ===1971 – 1997=== [[Image:Flag of Zaire.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na [[Zaire]]; 21 novɛmbɛ 1971 tee 17 mai1997)]] ===1966 – 1971=== [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1966.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kisásá; 1966 tee 21 novɛmbɛ 1971]] ===1963 – 1966=== [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1963.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Léopoldville;a yúli 1963 tee 1966]] ===1963 – 1966=== [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1960.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ; 1 yúli 1960 tee 1 yúli 1963]] ===1877 – 1960=== [[Image:Flag of Congo Free State.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na ntángo ya banɔ́kɔ́; 21 yúni 1877 tee 30 yúni 1960]] == Tála mpé == * [[Almwali_ya_Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ]] == Nkásá o libándá == [http://www.flaggenlexikon.de/fkongoki.htm#Bedeutung] Historia ya bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa (lialémani / lingɛlɛ́sa) ''(If you can: please translate to this page. — Wennn du kannst: Bitte übersetze für diese Seite.)'' {{nationalflags}}<!-- to edit this table, go to [[Template:Nationalflags]] --> [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya bisé|Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki, Repubiliki ya]] [[de:Flagge der Demokratischen Republik Kongo]] [[en:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:Bandera de la República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo DV lipp]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattisen tasavallan lippu]] [[fr:Drapeau de la République démocratique du Congo]] [[he:דגל הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[it:Bandiera della Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国の国旗]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국의 국기]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinės Respublikos vėliava]] [[nl:Vlag van de Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[pl:Flaga Demokratycznej Republiki Konga]] [[pt:Bandeira da República Democrática do Congo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongos flagga]] 8002 2006-04-15T19:04:57Z Superzerocool 62 robot Modifie: et [[Image:Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]; 18 febuari 2006 –]] ===1997 – 2006=== [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1997.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki; 17 mai 1997 – 18 febuari 2006]] '''Bɛndɛ́lɛ na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]''' eponamaki na [[2003]]. Ekokani na Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa banda [[1960]] tee [[1963]]. ===1971 – 1997=== [[Image:Flag of Zaire.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na [[Zaire]]; 21 novɛmbɛ 1971 tee 17 mai1997)]] ===1966 – 1971=== [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1966.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kisásá; 1966 tee 21 novɛmbɛ 1971]] ===1963 – 1966=== [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1963.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Léopoldville;a yúli 1963 tee 1966]] ===1963 – 1966=== [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1960.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ; 1 yúli 1960 tee 1 yúli 1963]] ===1877 – 1960=== [[Image:Flag of Congo Free State.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na ntángo ya banɔ́kɔ́; 21 yúni 1877 tee 30 yúni 1960]] == Tála mpé == * [[Almwali_ya_Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ]] == Nkásá o libándá == [http://www.flaggenlexikon.de/fkongoki.htm#Bedeutung] Historia ya bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa (lialémani / lingɛlɛ́sa) ''(If you can: please translate to this page. — Wennn du kannst: Bitte übersetze für diese Seite.)'' {{nationalflags}}<!-- to edit this table, go to [[Template:Nationalflags]] --> [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya bisé|Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki, Repubiliki ya]] [[de:Flagge der Demokratischen Republik Kongo]] [[en:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:Bandera de la República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatliku Vabariigi lipp]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattisen tasavallan lippu]] [[fr:Drapeau de la République démocratique du Congo]] [[he:דגל הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[it:Bandiera della Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国の国旗]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국의 국기]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinės Respublikos vėliava]] [[nl:Vlag van de Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[pl:Flaga Demokratycznej Republiki Konga]] [[pt:Bandeira da República Democrática do Congo]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongos flagga]] 9000 2006-08-02T05:31:27Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: [[ru:Флаг Демократической Республики Конго]] Modifie: [[nl:Vlag van Congo-Kinshasa]] [[Image:Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]; 18 febuari 2006 –]] ===1997 – 2006=== [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1997.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki; 17 mai 1997 – 18 febuari 2006]] '''Bɛndɛ́lɛ na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]''' eponamaki na [[2003]]. Ekokani na Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa banda [[1960]] tee [[1963]]. ===1971 – 1997=== [[Image:Flag of Zaire.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na [[Zaire]]; 21 novɛmbɛ 1971 tee 17 mai1997)]] ===1966 – 1971=== [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1966.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kisásá; 1966 tee 21 novɛmbɛ 1971]] ===1963 – 1966=== [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1963.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Léopoldville;a yúli 1963 tee 1966]] ===1963 – 1966=== [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1960.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ; 1 yúli 1960 tee 1 yúli 1963]] ===1877 – 1960=== [[Image:Flag of Congo Free State.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na ntángo ya banɔ́kɔ́; 21 yúni 1877 tee 30 yúni 1960]] == Tála mpé == * [[Almwali_ya_Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ]] == Nkásá o libándá == [http://www.flaggenlexikon.de/fkongoki.htm#Bedeutung] Historia ya bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa (lialémani / lingɛlɛ́sa) ''(If you can: please translate to this page. — Wennn du kannst: Bitte übersetze für diese Seite.)'' {{nationalflags}}<!-- to edit this table, go to [[Template:Nationalflags]] --> [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya bisé|Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki, Repubiliki ya]] [[de:Flagge der Demokratischen Republik Kongo]] [[en:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:Bandera de la República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatliku Vabariigi lipp]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattisen tasavallan lippu]] [[fr:Drapeau de la République démocratique du Congo]] [[he:דגל הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[it:Bandiera della Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国の国旗]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국의 국기]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinės Respublikos vėliava]] [[nl:Vlag van Congo-Kinshasa]] [[pl:Flaga Demokratycznej Republiki Konga]] [[pt:Bandeira da República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Флаг Демократической Республики Конго]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongos flagga]] 9111 2006-08-15T11:07:31Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]; 18 febuari 2006 –]] ===1997 – 2006=== [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1997.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki; 17 mai 1997 – 18 febuari 2006]] '''Bɛndɛ́lɛ na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]''' eponamaki na [[2003]]. Ekokani na Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa banda [[1960]] tee [[1963]]. ===1971 – 1997=== [[Image:Flag of Zaire.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na [[Zaire]]; 21 novɛmbɛ 1971 tee 17 mai1997)]] ===1966 – 1971=== [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1966.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kisásá; 1966 tee 21 novɛmbɛ 1971]] ===1963 – 1966=== [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1963.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Léopoldville;a yúli 1963 tee 1966]] ===1963 – 1966=== [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1960.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ; 1 yúli 1960 tee 1 yúli 1963]] ===1877 – 1960=== [[Image:Flag of Congo Free State.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na ntángo ya banɔ́kɔ́; 21 yúni 1877 tee 30 yúni 1960]] == Tála mpé == * [[Almwali_ya_Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ]] == Nkásá o libándá == [http://www.flaggenlexikon.de/fkongoki.htm#Bedeutung] Historia ya bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa (lialémani / lingɛlɛ́sa) ''(If you can: please translate to this page. — Wennn du kannst: Bitte übersetze für diese Seite.)'' {{nationalflags}}<!-- to edit this table, go to [[Template:Nationalflags]] --> [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya bisé|Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki, Repubiliki ya]] [[de:Flagge der Demokratischen Republik Kongo]] [[en:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:Bandera de la República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatliku Vabariigi lipp]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattisen tasavallan lippu]] [[fr:Drapeau de la République démocratique du Congo]] [[he:דגל הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[it:Bandiera della Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国の国旗]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국의 국기]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinės Respublikos vėliava]] [[nl:Vlag van Congo-Kinshasa]] [[pl:Flaga Demokratycznej Republiki Konga]] [[pt:Bandeira da República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Флаг Демократической Республики Конго]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongos flagga]] 9512 2006-10-17T03:42:50Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: [[cs:Vlajka Demokratické republiky Kongo]], [[ro:Steagul Republicii Democratice a Congoului]] [[Image:Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]; 18 febuari 2006 –]] ===1997 – 2006=== [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1997.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki; 17 mai 1997 – 18 febuari 2006]] '''Bɛndɛ́lɛ na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]''' eponamaki na [[2003]]. Ekokani na Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa banda [[1960]] tee [[1963]]. ===1971 – 1997=== [[Image:Flag of Zaire.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na [[Zaire]]; 21 novɛmbɛ 1971 tee 17 mai1997)]] ===1966 – 1971=== [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1966.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kisásá; 1966 tee 21 novɛmbɛ 1971]] ===1963 – 1966=== [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1963.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Léopoldville;a yúli 1963 tee 1966]] ===1963 – 1966=== [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa 1960.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ; 1 yúli 1960 tee 1 yúli 1963]] ===1877 – 1960=== [[Image:Flag of Congo Free State.svg|right|thumb|188px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ na ntángo ya banɔ́kɔ́; 21 yúni 1877 tee 30 yúni 1960]] == Tála mpé == * [[Almwali_ya_Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ]] == Nkásá o libándá == [http://www.flaggenlexikon.de/fkongoki.htm#Bedeutung] Historia ya bɛndɛ́lɛ na Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa (lialémani / lingɛlɛ́sa) ''(If you can: please translate to this page. — Wennn du kannst: Bitte übersetze für diese Seite.)'' {{nationalflags}}<!-- to edit this table, go to [[Template:Nationalflags]] --> [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya bisé|Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki, Repubiliki ya]] [[cs:Vlajka Demokratické republiky Kongo]] [[de:Flagge der Demokratischen Republik Kongo]] [[en:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:Bandera de la República Democrática del Congo]] [[et:Kongo Demokraatliku Vabariigi lipp]] [[fi:Kongon demokraattisen tasavallan lippu]] [[fr:Drapeau de la République démocratique du Congo]] [[he:דגל הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[it:Bandiera della Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国の国旗]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국의 국기]] [[lt:Kongo Demokratinės Respublikos vėliava]] [[nl:Vlag van Congo-Kinshasa]] [[pl:Flaga Demokratycznej Republiki Konga]] [[pt:Bandeira da República Democrática do Congo]] [[ro:Steagul Republicii Democratice a Congoului]] [[ru:Флаг Демократической Республики Конго]] [[sv:Demokratiska republiken Kongos flagga]] Template:Infobox Esé 1576 5268 2005-07-11T08:37:10Z Themalau 22 <!-- Infobox Ekolo -->{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="4" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width:250px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; clear: right" |+ style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: medium;" | '''{{{native_name}}}''' |- | align=center colspan="2" | {| style="background: none;" |- align=center | [[Image:{{{image_flag}}}|125px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{common_name}}}]] | [[Image:{{{image_coat}}}|110px|Almwali ya {{{common_name}}}]] |- align=center | <small>([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{common_name}}}|Bɛndɛ́lɛ]])</small> | <small>([[Almwali ya {{{common_name}}}|Almwali]])</small> |} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Etangami ya ba devises nasionales|Devise Nationale]]: {{{devise_national}}} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Eyembi Ekolo|Eyembi Ekolo]]: {{{hymne_national}}} |- align=center | colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff;" | [[Image:{{{image_map}}}|290px|Esika ya {{{common_name}}}]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Engumba mokonzi]]''' | {{{engumba_mokonzi}}}<br><small>[http://kvaleberg.com/extensions/mapsources/index.php?params={{{latd}}}_{{{latm}}}_{{{latNS}}}_{{{longd}}}_{{{longm}}}_{{{longEW}}}_region:{{{CCTLD}}}_type:country({{{area}}}) {{{latd}}}°{{{latm}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{latNS}}} {{{longd}}}°{{{longm}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{longEW}}}]</small> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Demographie ya {{{common_name}}}|Largest&nbsp;city]]''' | {{{largest_city}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Official language|Official&nbsp;languages]]''' | {{{official_languages}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[List of countries by system of government|Government]]''' <div style="text-align: right;">{{{leader_titles}}}</div> | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{government_type}}}<br>{{{leader_names}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''{{{sovereignty_type}}}'''<br>{{{established_events}}} | {{{established_dates}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of countries by area|Area]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Water (%) | &nbsp;<br>[[{{{area_magnitude}}} m²|{{{area}}}&nbsp;km&sup2;]]&nbsp;([[List of countries by area|{{{area_rank}}}]])<br>{{{percent_water}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[List of countries by population|Population]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[As of {{{population_estimate_year}}}|{{{population_estimate_year}}}]] est.<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[As of {{{population_census_year}}}|{{{population_census_year}}}]] census<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Population density|Density]] | &nbsp;<br>{{{batu_estim}}} ([[Etangami ya bekolo olanda batu|{{{batu_estim_esika}}}]])<br>{{{batu_resansema}}}<br>{{{population_density}}}/km&sup2; ([[List of countries by population density|{{{population_density_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|GDP]]''' ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Per capita | [[As of {{{GDP_PPP_year}}}|{{{GDP_PPP_year}}}]] estimate<br>{{{GDP_PPP}}} ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|{{{GDP_PPP_rank}}}]])<br>{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita}}} ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Currency]]''' | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{currency}}} (<code>[[ISO 4217|{{{currency_code}}}]]</code>) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Time zone]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Summer&nbsp;([[Daylight saving time|DST]]) | {{{time_zone}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset}}})<br>{{{time_zone_DST}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset_DST}}}) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of Internet top-level domains|Internet TLD]]''' | {{{cctld}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of country calling codes|Calling code]]''' | <code>+{{{calling_code}}}</code> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | colspan=2 | <small>{{{footnotes}}}</small> |} 7519 2006-01-06T03:14:56Z Moyogo 11 engúmba-mokonzi → mbóka-mokonzi <!-- Infobox Ekolo -->{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="4" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width:250px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; clear: right" |+ style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: medium;" | '''{{{native_name}}}''' |- | align=center colspan="2" | {| style="background: none;" |- align=center | [[Image:{{{image_flag}}}|125px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{common_name}}}]] | [[Image:{{{image_coat}}}|110px|Almwali ya {{{common_name}}}]] |- align=center | <small>([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{common_name}}}|Bɛndɛ́lɛ]])</small> | <small>([[Almwali ya {{{common_name}}}|Almwali]])</small> |} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Etangami ya ba devises nasionales|Devise Nationale]]: {{{devise_national}}} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Eyembi Ekolo|Eyembi Ekolo]]: {{{hymne_national}}} |- align=center | colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff;" | [[Image:{{{image_map}}}|290px|Esika ya {{{common_name}}}]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[mbóka-mokonzi]]''' | {{{engumba_mokonzi}}}<br><small>[http://kvaleberg.com/extensions/mapsources/index.php?params={{{latd}}}_{{{latm}}}_{{{latNS}}}_{{{longd}}}_{{{longm}}}_{{{longEW}}}_region:{{{CCTLD}}}_type:country({{{area}}}) {{{latd}}}°{{{latm}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{latNS}}} {{{longd}}}°{{{longm}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{longEW}}}]</small> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Demographie ya {{{common_name}}}|Largest&nbsp;city]]''' | {{{largest_city}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Official language|Official&nbsp;languages]]''' | {{{official_languages}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[List of countries by system of government|Government]]''' <div style="text-align: right;">{{{leader_titles}}}</div> | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{government_type}}}<br>{{{leader_names}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''{{{sovereignty_type}}}'''<br>{{{established_events}}} | {{{established_dates}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of countries by area|Area]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Water (%) | &nbsp;<br>[[{{{area_magnitude}}} m²|{{{area}}}&nbsp;km&sup2;]]&nbsp;([[List of countries by area|{{{area_rank}}}]])<br>{{{percent_water}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[List of countries by population|Population]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[As of {{{population_estimate_year}}}|{{{population_estimate_year}}}]] est.<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[As of {{{population_census_year}}}|{{{population_census_year}}}]] census<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Population density|Density]] | &nbsp;<br>{{{batu_estim}}} ([[Etangami ya bekolo olanda batu|{{{batu_estim_esika}}}]])<br>{{{batu_resansema}}}<br>{{{population_density}}}/km&sup2; ([[List of countries by population density|{{{population_density_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|GDP]]''' ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Per capita | [[As of {{{GDP_PPP_year}}}|{{{GDP_PPP_year}}}]] estimate<br>{{{GDP_PPP}}} ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|{{{GDP_PPP_rank}}}]])<br>{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita}}} ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Currency]]''' | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{currency}}} (<code>[[ISO 4217|{{{currency_code}}}]]</code>) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Time zone]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Summer&nbsp;([[Daylight saving time|DST]]) | {{{time_zone}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset}}})<br>{{{time_zone_DST}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset_DST}}}) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of Internet top-level domains|Internet TLD]]''' | {{{cctld}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of country calling codes|Calling code]]''' | <code>+{{{calling_code}}}</code> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | colspan=2 | <small>{{{footnotes}}}</small> |} 7520 2006-01-06T03:15:30Z Moyogo 11 <!-- Infobox Ekolo -->{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="4" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width:250px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; clear: right" |+ style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: medium;" | '''{{{native_name}}}''' |- | align=center colspan="2" | {| style="background: none;" |- align=center | [[Image:{{{image_flag}}}|125px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{common_name}}}]] | [[Image:{{{image_coat}}}|110px|Almwali ya {{{common_name}}}]] |- align=center | <small>([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{common_name}}}|Bɛndɛ́lɛ]])</small> | <small>([[Almwali ya {{{common_name}}}|Almwali]])</small> |} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Etangami ya ba devises nasionales|Devise Nationale]]: {{{devise_national}}} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Eyembi Ekolo|Eyembi Ekolo]]: {{{hymne_national}}} |- align=center | colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff;" | [[Image:{{{image_map}}}|290px|Esika ya {{{common_name}}}]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[mbóka-mokonzi]]''' | {{{mbóka-mokonzi}}}<br><small>[http://kvaleberg.com/extensions/mapsources/index.php?params={{{latd}}}_{{{latm}}}_{{{latNS}}}_{{{longd}}}_{{{longm}}}_{{{longEW}}}_region:{{{CCTLD}}}_type:country({{{area}}}) {{{latd}}}°{{{latm}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{latNS}}} {{{longd}}}°{{{longm}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{longEW}}}]</small> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Demographie ya {{{common_name}}}|Largest&nbsp;city]]''' | {{{largest_city}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Official language|Official&nbsp;languages]]''' | {{{official_languages}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[List of countries by system of government|Government]]''' <div style="text-align: right;">{{{leader_titles}}}</div> | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{government_type}}}<br>{{{leader_names}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''{{{sovereignty_type}}}'''<br>{{{established_events}}} | {{{established_dates}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of countries by area|Area]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Water (%) | &nbsp;<br>[[{{{area_magnitude}}} m²|{{{area}}}&nbsp;km&sup2;]]&nbsp;([[List of countries by area|{{{area_rank}}}]])<br>{{{percent_water}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[List of countries by population|Population]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[As of {{{population_estimate_year}}}|{{{population_estimate_year}}}]] est.<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[As of {{{population_census_year}}}|{{{population_census_year}}}]] census<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Population density|Density]] | &nbsp;<br>{{{batu_estim}}} ([[Etangami ya bekolo olanda batu|{{{batu_estim_esika}}}]])<br>{{{batu_resansema}}}<br>{{{population_density}}}/km&sup2; ([[List of countries by population density|{{{population_density_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|GDP]]''' ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Per capita | [[As of {{{GDP_PPP_year}}}|{{{GDP_PPP_year}}}]] estimate<br>{{{GDP_PPP}}} ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|{{{GDP_PPP_rank}}}]])<br>{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita}}} ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Currency]]''' | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{currency}}} (<code>[[ISO 4217|{{{currency_code}}}]]</code>) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Time zone]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Summer&nbsp;([[Daylight saving time|DST]]) | {{{time_zone}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset}}})<br>{{{time_zone_DST}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset_DST}}}) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of Internet top-level domains|Internet TLD]]''' | {{{cctld}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of country calling codes|Calling code]]''' | <code>+{{{calling_code}}}</code> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | colspan=2 | <small>{{{footnotes}}}</small> |} 7521 2006-01-06T03:19:01Z Moyogo 11 [[Template:Infobox Ekolo]] moved to [[Template:Infobox Esé]] <!-- Infobox Ekolo -->{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="4" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width:250px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; clear: right" |+ style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: medium;" | '''{{{native_name}}}''' |- | align=center colspan="2" | {| style="background: none;" |- align=center | [[Image:{{{image_flag}}}|125px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{common_name}}}]] | [[Image:{{{image_coat}}}|110px|Almwali ya {{{common_name}}}]] |- align=center | <small>([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{common_name}}}|Bɛndɛ́lɛ]])</small> | <small>([[Almwali ya {{{common_name}}}|Almwali]])</small> |} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Etangami ya ba devises nasionales|Devise Nationale]]: {{{devise_national}}} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Eyembi Ekolo|Eyembi Ekolo]]: {{{hymne_national}}} |- align=center | colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff;" | [[Image:{{{image_map}}}|290px|Esika ya {{{common_name}}}]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[mbóka-mokonzi]]''' | {{{mbóka-mokonzi}}}<br><small>[http://kvaleberg.com/extensions/mapsources/index.php?params={{{latd}}}_{{{latm}}}_{{{latNS}}}_{{{longd}}}_{{{longm}}}_{{{longEW}}}_region:{{{CCTLD}}}_type:country({{{area}}}) {{{latd}}}°{{{latm}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{latNS}}} {{{longd}}}°{{{longm}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{longEW}}}]</small> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Demographie ya {{{common_name}}}|Largest&nbsp;city]]''' | {{{largest_city}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Official language|Official&nbsp;languages]]''' | {{{official_languages}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[List of countries by system of government|Government]]''' <div style="text-align: right;">{{{leader_titles}}}</div> | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{government_type}}}<br>{{{leader_names}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''{{{sovereignty_type}}}'''<br>{{{established_events}}} | {{{established_dates}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of countries by area|Area]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Water (%) | &nbsp;<br>[[{{{area_magnitude}}} m²|{{{area}}}&nbsp;km&sup2;]]&nbsp;([[List of countries by area|{{{area_rank}}}]])<br>{{{percent_water}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[List of countries by population|Population]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[As of {{{population_estimate_year}}}|{{{population_estimate_year}}}]] est.<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[As of {{{population_census_year}}}|{{{population_census_year}}}]] census<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Population density|Density]] | &nbsp;<br>{{{batu_estim}}} ([[Etangami ya bekolo olanda batu|{{{batu_estim_esika}}}]])<br>{{{batu_resansema}}}<br>{{{population_density}}}/km&sup2; ([[List of countries by population density|{{{population_density_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|GDP]]''' ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Per capita | [[As of {{{GDP_PPP_year}}}|{{{GDP_PPP_year}}}]] estimate<br>{{{GDP_PPP}}} ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|{{{GDP_PPP_rank}}}]])<br>{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita}}} ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Currency]]''' | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{currency}}} (<code>[[ISO 4217|{{{currency_code}}}]]</code>) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Time zone]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Summer&nbsp;([[Daylight saving time|DST]]) | {{{time_zone}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset}}})<br>{{{time_zone_DST}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset_DST}}}) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of Internet top-level domains|Internet TLD]]''' | {{{cctld}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of country calling codes|Calling code]]''' | <code>+{{{calling_code}}}</code> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | colspan=2 | <small>{{{footnotes}}}</small> |} 7524 2006-01-06T03:22:42Z Moyogo 11 <!-- Infobox Ekolo -->{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="4" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width:250px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; clear: right" |+ style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: medium;" | '''{{{native_name}}}''' |- | align=center colspan="2" | {| style="background: none;" |- align=center | [[Image:{{{image_flag}}}|125px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{common_name}}}]] | [[Image:{{{image_coat}}}|110px|Almwali ya {{{common_name}}}]] |- align=center | <small>([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{common_name}}}|Bɛndɛ́lɛ]])</small> | <small>([[Almwali ya {{{common_name}}}|Almwali]])</small> |} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Etangami ya ba devises nasionales|Devise Nationale]]: {{{devise_national}}} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Eyembi Ekolo|Eyembi Ekolo]]: {{{hymne_national}}} |- align=center | colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff;" | [[Image:{{{image_map}}}|290px|Esika ya {{{common_name}}}]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[mbóka-mokonzi]]''' | {{{mbóka-mokonzi}}}<br><small>[http://kvaleberg.com/extensions/mapsources/index.php?params={{{latd}}}_{{{latm}}}_{{{latNS}}}_{{{longd}}}_{{{longm}}}_{{{longEW}}}_region:{{{CCTLD}}}_type:country({{{area}}}) {{{latd}}}°{{{latm}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{latNS}}} {{{longd}}}°{{{longm}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{longEW}}}]</small> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Demographie ya {{{common_name}}}|Largest&nbsp;city]]''' | {{{mbóka enɛ́nɛ}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Official language|Official&nbsp;languages]]''' | {{{nkótá ya esé}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[List of countries by system of government|Government]]''' <div style="text-align: right;">{{{leader_titles}}}</div> | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{government_type}}}<br>{{{leader_names}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''{{{sovereignty_type}}}'''<br>{{{established_events}}} | {{{established_dates}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of countries by area|Area]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Water (%) | &nbsp;<br>[[{{{area_magnitude}}} m²|{{{area}}}&nbsp;km&sup2;]]&nbsp;([[List of countries by area|{{{area_rank}}}]])<br>{{{percent_water}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[List of countries by population|Population]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[As of {{{population_estimate_year}}}|{{{population_estimate_year}}}]] est.<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[As of {{{population_census_year}}}|{{{population_census_year}}}]] census<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Population density|Density]] | &nbsp;<br>{{{batu_estim}}} ([[Etangami ya bekolo olanda batu|{{{batu_estim_esika}}}]])<br>{{{batu_resansema}}}<br>{{{population_density}}}/km&sup2; ([[List of countries by population density|{{{population_density_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|GDP]]''' ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Per capita | [[As of {{{GDP_PPP_year}}}|{{{GDP_PPP_year}}}]] estimate<br>{{{GDP_PPP}}} ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|{{{GDP_PPP_rank}}}]])<br>{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita}}} ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Currency]]''' | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{currency}}} (<code>[[ISO 4217|{{{currency_code}}}]]</code>) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Time zone]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Summer&nbsp;([[Daylight saving time|DST]]) | {{{time_zone}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset}}})<br>{{{time_zone_DST}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset_DST}}}) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of Internet top-level domains|Internet TLD]]''' | {{{cctld}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of country calling codes|Calling code]]''' | <code>+{{{calling_code}}}</code> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | colspan=2 | <small>{{{footnotes}}}</small> |} 7585 2006-01-10T02:04:35Z Moyogo 11 <!-- Infobox Esé -->{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="4" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 20em; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; clear: right" |+ style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: medium;" | '''{{{nkómbó}}}'''<br/>{{{nkómbó_na_lokóta}}} |- | align=center colspan="2" | {| style="background: none;" |- align=center | [[Image:{{{image_flag}}}|125px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] | [[Image:{{{image_coat}}}|110px|Almwali ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] |- align=center | <small>([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{nkómbó}}}|Bɛndɛ́lɛ]])</small> | <small>([[Almwali ya {{{nkómbó}}}|Almwali]])</small> |} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Lisanga lya mikáno mwa Bikólo|Mokáno mwa ekólo]]: {{{mokáno}}} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Nzémbo ya Bikólo|Loyémbo ya lokúmú]]: {{{loyémbo}}} |- align=center | colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff;" | [[Image:{{{image_map}}}|290px|Esíká ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[mbóka-mokonzi]]''' | {{{mbóka-mokonzi}}}<br><small>[http://kvaleberg.com/extensions/mapsources/index.php?params={{{latd}}}_{{{latm}}}_{{{latNS}}}_{{{longd}}}_{{{longm}}}_{{{longEW}}}_region:{{{CCTLD}}}_type:country({{{area}}}) {{{latd}}}°{{{latm}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{latNS}}} {{{longd}}}°{{{longm}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{longEW}}}]</small> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Bato bya {{{nkómbó}}}|Engúmba monɛ́nɛ koleka]]''' | {{{engúmba_monɛ́nɛ}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Lokóta ya Lɛ́ta|Nkótá ya Lɛ́ta]]''' | {{{nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Nkótá ya ekólo]]''' | {{{nkótá_ya_ekólo}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya Bisé nakolanda ndenge ya bulamatari|Bulamatari]]''' <div style="text-align: right;">{{{leader_titles}}}</div> | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{government_type}}}<br>{{{leader_names}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''{{{sovereignty_type}}}'''<br>{{{established_events}}} | {{{established_dates}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of countries by area|Etando]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Mái (%) | &nbsp;<br>[[{{{area_magnitude}}} m²|{{{area}}}&nbsp;km&sup2;]]&nbsp;([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda etando|{{{area_rank}}}]])<br>{{{percent_water}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|Bato]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na{{{population_estimate_year}}}|{{{population_estimate_year}}}]] est.<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na {{{population_census_year}}}|{{{population_census_year}}}]] census<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Population density|Densite]] | &nbsp;<br>{{{population_estimate}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|{{{population_estimate_rank}}}]])<br>{{{population_census}}}<br>{{{population_density}}}/km&sup2; ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda densité ya bato|{{{population_density_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda GDP (nominal)|GDP]]''' ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Per capita | [[As of {{{GDP_PPP_year}}}|{{{GDP_PPP_year}}}]] estimate<br>{{{GDP_PPP}}} ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|{{{GDP_PPP_rank}}}]])<br>{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda GDP (PPP) per capita|{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Mosɔlɔ]]''' | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{mosɔlɔ}}} (<code>[[ISO 4217|{{{currency_code}}}]]</code>) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Ngonga]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Summer&nbsp;([[Daylight saving time|DST]]) | {{{ngonga}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset}}})<br>{{{ngonga_DST}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset_DST}}}) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of Internet top-level domains|Internet TLD]]''' | {{{cctld}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of country calling codes|Calling code]]''' | <code>+{{{calling_code}}}</code> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | colspan=2 | <small>{{{footnotes}}}</small> |} 8283 2006-05-29T10:26:20Z Moyogo 11 <!-- Infobox Esé -->{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="4" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 20em; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; clear: right" |+ style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: medium;" | '''{{{nkómbó}}}'''<br/>{{{nkómbó_na_lokóta}}} |- | align=center colspan="2" | {| style="background: none;" |- align=center | [[Image:{{{image_flag}}}|125px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] | [[Image:{{{image_coat}}}|110px|Almwali ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] |- align=center | <small>([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{nkómbó}}}|Bɛndɛ́lɛ]])</small> | <small>([[Almwali ya {{{nkómbó}}}|Almwali]])</small> |} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Lisanga lya mikáno mwa Bikólo|Mokáno mwa ekólo]]: {{{mokáno}}} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Nzémbo ya Bikólo|Loyémbo ya lokúmú]]: {{{loyémbo}}} |- align=center | colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff;" | [[Image:{{{image_map}}}|290px|Esíká ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[mbóka-mokonzi]]''' | {{{mbóka-mokonzi}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Bato bya {{{nkómbó}}}|Engúmba monɛ́nɛ koleka]]''' | {{{engúmba_monɛ́nɛ}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Lokóta ya Lɛ́ta|Nkótá ya Lɛ́ta]]''' | {{{nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Nkótá ya ekólo]]''' | {{{nkótá_ya_ekólo}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya Bisé nakolanda ndenge ya bulamatari|Bulamatari]]''' <div style="text-align: right;">{{{babengí_mokambi}}}</div> | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{loléngé_lɛ́ta}}}<br>{{{nkómbo_mokambi}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''{{{sovereignty_type}}}'''<br>{{{established_events}}} | {{{established_dates}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Etando]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Mái (%) | &nbsp;<br>[[{{{area_magnitude}}} m²|{{{area}}}&nbsp;km&sup2;]]&nbsp;([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda etando|{{{area_rank}}}]])<br>{{{percent_water}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|Bato]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na{{{population_estimate_year}}}|{{{population_estimate_year}}}]] est.<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na {{{population_census_year}}}|{{{population_census_year}}}]] census<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Population density|Densite]] | &nbsp;<br>{{{population_estimate}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|{{{population_estimate_rank}}}]])<br>{{{population_census}}}<br>{{{population_density}}}/km&sup2; ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda densité ya bato|{{{population_density_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda GDP (nominal)|GDP]]''' ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Per capita | [[As of {{{GDP_PPP_year}}}|{{{GDP_PPP_year}}}]] estimate<br>{{{GDP_PPP}}} ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|{{{GDP_PPP_rank}}}]])<br>{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda GDP (PPP) per capita|{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Mosɔlɔ]]''' | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{mosɔlɔ}}} (<code>[[ISO 4217|{{{currency_code}}}]]</code>) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Ngonga]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Summer&nbsp;([[Daylight saving time|DST]]) | {{{ngonga}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset}}})<br>{{{ngonga_DST}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset_DST}}}) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of Internet top-level domains|Internet TLD]]''' | {{{cctld}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of country calling codes|Calling code]]''' | <code>+{{{calling_code}}}</code> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | colspan=2 | <small>{{{footnotes}}}</small> |} 8284 2006-05-29T10:27:49Z Moyogo 11 <!-- Infobox Esé -->{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="4" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 20em; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; clear: right" |+ style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: medium;" | '''{{{nkómbó}}}'''<br/>{{{nkómbó_na_lokóta}}} |- | align=center colspan="2" | {| style="background: none;" |- align=center | [[Image:{{{image_flag}}}|125px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] | [[Image:{{{image_coat}}}|110px|Almwali ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] |- align=center | <small>([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{nkómbó}}}|Bɛndɛ́lɛ]])</small> | <small>([[Almwali ya {{{nkómbó}}}|Almwali]])</small> |} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Lisanga lya mikáno mwa Bikólo|Mokáno mwa ekólo]]: {{{mokáno}}} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Nzémbo ya Bikólo|Loyémbo ya lokúmú]]: {{{loyémbo}}} |- align=center | colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff;" | [[Image:{{{image_map}}}|290px|Esíká ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[mbóka-mokonzi]]''' | {{{mbóka-mokonzi}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Bato bya {{{nkómbó}}}|Engúmba monɛ́nɛ koleka]]''' | {{{engúmba_monɛ́nɛ}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Lokóta ya Lɛ́ta|Nkótá ya Lɛ́ta]]''' | {{{nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Nkótá ya ekólo]]''' | {{{nkótá_ya_ekólo}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya Bisé nakolanda ndenge ya bulamatari|Bulamatari]]''' <div style="text-align: right;">{{{babengí_mokambi}}}</div> | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{loléngé_lɛ́ta}}}<br>{{{nkómbo_mokambi}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''{{{sovereignty_type}}}'''<br>{{{established_events}}} | {{{established_dates}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Etando]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Mái (%) | &nbsp;<br>[[{{{etando_bonɛ́nɛ}}} m²|{{{etando}}}&nbsp;km&sup2;]]&nbsp;([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda etando|{{{etando_koleka}}}]])<br>{{{ndámbo_mái}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|Bato]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na{{{population_estimate_year}}}|{{{population_estimate_year}}}]] est.<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na {{{population_census_year}}}|{{{population_census_year}}}]] census<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Population density|Densite]] | &nbsp;<br>{{{population_estimate}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|{{{population_estimate_rank}}}]])<br>{{{population_census}}}<br>{{{population_density}}}/km&sup2; ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda densité ya bato|{{{population_density_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda GDP (nominal)|GDP]]''' ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Per capita | [[As of {{{GDP_PPP_year}}}|{{{GDP_PPP_year}}}]] estimate<br>{{{GDP_PPP}}} ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|{{{GDP_PPP_rank}}}]])<br>{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda GDP (PPP) per capita|{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Mosɔlɔ]]''' | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{mosɔlɔ}}} (<code>[[ISO 4217|{{{currency_code}}}]]</code>) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Ngonga]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Summer&nbsp;([[Daylight saving time|DST]]) | {{{ngonga}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset}}})<br>{{{ngonga_DST}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset_DST}}}) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of Internet top-level domains|Internet TLD]]''' | {{{cctld}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of country calling codes|Calling code]]''' | <code>+{{{calling_code}}}</code> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | colspan=2 | <small>{{{footnotes}}}</small> |} 8285 2006-05-29T10:32:34Z Moyogo 11 <!-- Infobox Esé -->{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="4" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 20em; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; clear: right" |+ style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: medium;" | '''{{{nkómbó}}}'''<br/>{{{nkómbó_na_lokóta}}} |- | align=center colspan="2" | {| style="background: none;" |- align=center | [[Image:{{{image_flag}}}|125px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] | [[Image:{{{image_coat}}}|110px|Almwali ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] |- align=center | <small>([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{nkómbó}}}|Bɛndɛ́lɛ]])</small> | <small>([[Almwali ya {{{nkómbó}}}|Almwali]])</small> |} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Lisanga lya mikáno mwa Bikólo|Mokáno mwa ekólo]]: {{{mokáno}}} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Nzémbo ya Bikólo|Loyémbo ya lokúmú]]: {{{loyémbo}}} |- align=center | colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff;" | [[Image:{{{image_map}}}|290px|Esíká ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[mbóka-mokonzi]]''' | {{{mbóka-mokonzi}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Bato bya {{{nkómbó}}}|Engúmba monɛ́nɛ koleka]]''' | {{{engúmba_monɛ́nɛ}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Lokóta ya Lɛ́ta|Nkótá ya Lɛ́ta]]''' | {{{nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Nkótá ya ekólo]]''' | {{{nkótá_ya_ekólo}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya Bisé nakolanda ndenge ya Mokonzi|Mokonzi]]''' <div style="text-align: right;">{{{babengí_mokambi}}}</div> | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{loléngé_lɛ́ta}}}<br>{{{nkómbo_mokambi}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''{{{sovereignty_type}}}'''<br>{{{established_events}}} | {{{established_dates}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Etando]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Mái (%) | &nbsp;<br>[[{{{etando_bonɛ́nɛ}}} m²|{{{etando}}}&nbsp;km&sup2;]]&nbsp;([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda etando|{{{etando_koleka}}}]])<br>{{{ndámbo_mái}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|Bato]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na{{{population_estimate_year}}}|{{{population_estimate_year}}}]] est.<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na {{{population_census_year}}}|{{{population_census_year}}}]] census<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Population density|Densite]] | &nbsp;<br>{{{population_estimate}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|{{{population_estimate_rank}}}]])<br>{{{population_census}}}<br>{{{population_density}}}/km&sup2; ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda densité ya bato|{{{population_density_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda GDP (nominal)|GDP]]''' ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Per capita | [[As of {{{GDP_PPP_year}}}|{{{GDP_PPP_year}}}]] estimate<br>{{{GDP_PPP}}} ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|{{{GDP_PPP_rank}}}]])<br>{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda GDP (PPP) per capita|{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Mosɔlɔ]]''' | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{mosɔlɔ}}} (<code>[[ISO 4217|{{{currency_code}}}]]</code>) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Ngonga]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Summer&nbsp;([[Daylight saving time|DST]]) | {{{ngonga}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset}}})<br>{{{ngonga_DST}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset_DST}}}) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of Internet top-level domains|Internet TLD]]''' | {{{cctld}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of country calling codes|Calling code]]''' | <code>+{{{calling_code}}}</code> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | colspan=2 | <small>{{{footnotes}}}</small> |} 8286 2006-05-29T10:33:50Z Moyogo 11 nyɛ̂ <!-- Infobox Esé -->{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="4" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 20em; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; clear: right" |+ style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: medium;" | '''{{{nkómbó}}}'''<br/>{{{nkómbó_na_lokóta}}} |- | align=center colspan="2" | {| style="background: none;" |- align=center | [[Image:{{{image_flag}}}|125px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] | [[Image:{{{image_coat}}}|110px|Almwali ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] |- align=center | <small>([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{nkómbó}}}|Bɛndɛ́lɛ]])</small> | <small>([[Almwali ya {{{nkómbó}}}|Almwali]])</small> |} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Lisanga lya mikáno mwa Bikólo|Mokáno mwa ekólo]]: {{{mokáno}}} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Nzémbo ya Bikólo|Loyémbo ya lokúmú]]: {{{loyémbo}}} |- align=center | colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff;" | [[Image:{{{image_map}}}|290px|Esíká ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[mbóka-mokonzi]]''' | {{{mbóka-mokonzi}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Bato bya {{{nkómbó}}}|Engúmba monɛ́nɛ koleka]]''' | {{{engúmba_monɛ́nɛ}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Lokóta ya Lɛ́ta|Nkótá ya Lɛ́ta]]''' | {{{nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Nkótá ya ekólo]]''' | {{{nkótá_ya_ekólo}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya Bisé nakolanda ndenge ya Mokonzi|Mokonzi]]''' <div style="text-align: right;">{{{babengí_mokambi}}}</div> | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{loléngé_lɛ́ta}}}<br>{{{nkómbo_mokambi}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''{{{sovereignty_type}}}'''<br>{{{established_events}}} | {{{established_dates}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Etando]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Nyɛ̂<br>&nbsp;&bull; Mái (%) | &nbsp;<br>[[{{{etando_bonɛ́nɛ}}} m²|{{{etando}}}&nbsp;km&sup2;]]&nbsp;([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda etando|{{{etando_koleka}}}]])<br>{{{ndámbo_mái}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|Bato]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na{{{population_estimate_year}}}|{{{population_estimate_year}}}]] est.<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na {{{population_census_year}}}|{{{population_census_year}}}]] census<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Population density|Densite]] | &nbsp;<br>{{{population_estimate}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|{{{population_estimate_rank}}}]])<br>{{{population_census}}}<br>{{{population_density}}}/km&sup2; ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda densité ya bato|{{{population_density_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda GDP (nominal)|GDP]]''' ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Per capita | [[As of {{{GDP_PPP_year}}}|{{{GDP_PPP_year}}}]] estimate<br>{{{GDP_PPP}}} ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|{{{GDP_PPP_rank}}}]])<br>{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda GDP (PPP) per capita|{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Mosɔlɔ]]''' | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{mosɔlɔ}}} (<code>[[ISO 4217|{{{currency_code}}}]]</code>) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Ngonga]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Summer&nbsp;([[Daylight saving time|DST]]) | {{{ngonga}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset}}})<br>{{{ngonga_DST}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset_DST}}}) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of Internet top-level domains|Internet TLD]]''' | {{{cctld}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of country calling codes|Calling code]]''' | <code>+{{{calling_code}}}</code> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | colspan=2 | <small>{{{footnotes}}}</small> |} 8289 2006-05-29T10:45:02Z Moyogo 11 <!-- Infobox Esé -->{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="4" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 20em; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; clear: right" |+ style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: medium;" | '''{{{nkómbó}}}'''<br/>{{{nkómbó_na_lokóta}}} |- | align=center colspan="2" | {| style="background: none;" |- align=center | [[Image:{{{image_flag}}}|125px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] | [[Image:{{{image_coat}}}|110px|Almwali ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] |- align=center | <small>([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{nkómbó}}}|Bɛndɛ́lɛ]])</small> | <small>([[Almwali ya {{{nkómbó}}}|Almwali]])</small> |} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Lisanga lya mikáno mwa Bikólo|Mokáno mwa ekólo]]: {{{mokáno}}} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Nzémbo ya Bikólo|Loyémbo ya lokúmú]]: {{{loyémbo}}} |- align=center | colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff;" | [[Image:{{{image_map}}}|290px|Esíká ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Mbóka-mokonzi]]''' | {{{mbóka-mokonzi}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Bato bya {{{nkómbó}}}|Engúmba monɛ́nɛ koleka]]''' | {{{engúmba_monɛ́nɛ}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Lokóta ya lɛ́ta|Nkótá ya lɛ́ta]]''' | {{{nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Nkótá ya ekólo]]''' | {{{nkótá_ya_ekólo}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya Bisé nakolanda ndenge ya Mokonzi|Mokonzi]]''' <div style="text-align: right;">{{{babengí_mokambi}}}</div> | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{loléngé_lɛ́ta}}}<br>{{{nkómbo_mokambi}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''{{{sovereignty_type}}}'''<br>{{{established_events}}} | {{{established_dates}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Etando]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Nyɛ̂<br>&nbsp;&bull; Mái (%) | &nbsp;<br>[[{{{etando_bonɛ́nɛ}}} m²|{{{etando}}}&nbsp;km&sup2;]]&nbsp;([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda etando|{{{etando_koleka}}}]])<br>{{{ndámbo_mái}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|Bato]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na{{{population_estimate_year}}}|{{{population_estimate_year}}}]] est.<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na {{{population_census_year}}}|{{{population_census_year}}}]] census<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Population density|Densite]] | &nbsp;<br>{{{population_estimate}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|{{{population_estimate_rank}}}]])<br>{{{population_census}}}<br>{{{population_density}}}/km&sup2; ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda densité ya bato|{{{population_density_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda GDP (nominal)|GDP]]''' ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Per capita | [[As of {{{GDP_PPP_year}}}|{{{GDP_PPP_year}}}]] estimate<br>{{{GDP_PPP}}} ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|{{{GDP_PPP_rank}}}]])<br>{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda GDP (PPP) per capita|{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Mosɔlɔ]]''' | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{mosɔlɔ}}} (<code>[[ISO 4217|{{{currency_code}}}]]</code>) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Ngonga]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Summer&nbsp;([[Daylight saving time|DST]]) | {{{ngonga}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset}}})<br>{{{ngonga_DST}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset_DST}}}) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of Internet top-level domains|Internet TLD]]''' | {{{cctld}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of country calling codes|Calling code]]''' | <code>+{{{calling_code}}}</code> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | colspan=2 | <small>{{{footnotes}}}</small> |} 8298 2006-05-29T10:56:30Z Moyogo 11 <!-- Infobox Esé -->{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="4" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 20em; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; clear: right" |+ style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: medium;" | '''{{{nkómbó}}}'''<br/>{{{nkómbó_na_lokóta}}} |- | align=center colspan="2" | {| style="background: none;" |- align=center | [[Image:{{{image_flag}}}|125px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] | [[Image:{{{image_coat}}}|110px|Almwali ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] |- align=center | <small>([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{nkómbó}}}|Bɛndɛ́lɛ]])</small> | <small>([[Almwali ya {{{nkómbó}}}|Almwali]])</small> |} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Lisanga lya mikáno mwa Bikólo|Mokáno mwa ekólo]]: {{{mokáno}}} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Nzémbo ya Bikólo|Loyémbo ya lokúmú]]: {{{loyémbo}}} |- align=center | colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff;" | [[Image:{{{image_map}}}|290px|Esíká ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Mbóka-mokonzi]]''' | {{{mbóka-mokonzi}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Bato bya {{{nkómbó}}}|Engúmba monɛ́nɛ koleka]]''' | {{{engúmba_monɛ́nɛ}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Lokóta ya lɛ́ta|Nkótá ya lɛ́ta]]''' | {{{nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Nkótá ya ekólo]]''' | {{{nkótá_ya_ekólo}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya Bisé nakolanda ndenge ya Mokonzi|Mokonzi]]''' <div style="text-align: right;">{{{babengí_mokambi}}}</div> | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{loléngé_lɛ́ta}}}<br>{{{nkómbó_mokambi}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''{{{sovereignty_type}}}'''<br>{{{established_events}}} | {{{established_dates}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Etando]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Nyɛ̂<br>&nbsp;&bull; Mái (%) | &nbsp;<br>[[{{{etando_bonɛ́nɛ}}} m²|{{{etando}}}&nbsp;km&sup2;]]&nbsp;([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda etando|{{{etando_koleka}}}]])<br>{{{ndámbo_mái}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|Bato]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na{{{population_estimate_year}}}|{{{population_estimate_year}}}]] est.<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na {{{population_census_year}}}|{{{population_census_year}}}]] census<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Population density|Densite]] | &nbsp;<br>{{{population_estimate}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|{{{population_estimate_rank}}}]])<br>{{{population_census}}}<br>{{{population_density}}}/km&sup2; ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda densité ya bato|{{{population_density_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda GDP (nominal)|GDP]]''' ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Per capita | [[As of {{{GDP_PPP_year}}}|{{{GDP_PPP_year}}}]] estimate<br>{{{GDP_PPP}}} ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|{{{GDP_PPP_rank}}}]])<br>{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda GDP (PPP) per capita|{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Mosɔlɔ]]''' | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{mosɔlɔ}}} (<code>[[ISO 4217|{{{currency_code}}}]]</code>) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Ngonga]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Summer&nbsp;([[Daylight saving time|DST]]) | {{{ngonga}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset}}})<br>{{{ngonga_DST}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset_DST}}}) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of Internet top-level domains|Internet TLD]]''' | {{{cctld}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of country calling codes|Calling code]]''' | <code>+{{{calling_code}}}</code> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | colspan=2 | <small>{{{footnotes}}}</small> |} 8308 2006-05-30T06:57:57Z Moyogo 11 +iw <!-- Infobox Esé -->{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="4" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 20em; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; clear: right" |+ style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: medium;" | '''{{{nkómbó}}}'''<br/>{{{nkómbó_na_lokóta}}} |- | align=center colspan="2" | {| style="background: none;" |- align=center | [[Image:{{{image_flag}}}|125px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] | [[Image:{{{image_coat}}}|110px|Almwali ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] |- align=center | <small>([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{nkómbó}}}|Bɛndɛ́lɛ]])</small> | <small>([[Almwali ya {{{nkómbó}}}|Almwali]])</small> |} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Lisanga lya mikáno mwa Bikólo|Mokáno mwa ekólo]]: {{{mokáno}}} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Nzémbo ya Bikólo|Loyémbo ya lokúmú]]: {{{loyémbo}}} |- align=center | colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff;" | [[Image:{{{image_map}}}|290px|Esíká ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Mbóka-mokonzi]]''' | {{{mbóka-mokonzi}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Bato bya {{{nkómbó}}}|Engúmba monɛ́nɛ koleka]]''' | {{{engúmba_monɛ́nɛ}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Lokóta ya lɛ́ta|Nkótá ya lɛ́ta]]''' | {{{nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Nkótá ya ekólo]]''' | {{{nkótá_ya_ekólo}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya Bisé nakolanda ndenge ya Mokonzi|Mokonzi]]''' <div style="text-align: right;">{{{babengí_mokambi}}}</div> | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{loléngé_lɛ́ta}}}<br>{{{nkómbó_mokambi}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''{{{sovereignty_type}}}'''<br>{{{established_events}}} | {{{established_dates}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Etando]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Nyɛ̂<br>&nbsp;&bull; Mái (%) | &nbsp;<br>[[{{{etando_bonɛ́nɛ}}} m²|{{{etando}}}&nbsp;km&sup2;]]&nbsp;([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda etando|{{{etando_koleka}}}]])<br>{{{ndámbo_mái}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|Bato]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na{{{population_estimate_year}}}|{{{population_estimate_year}}}]] est.<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na {{{population_census_year}}}|{{{population_census_year}}}]] census<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Population density|Densite]] | &nbsp;<br>{{{population_estimate}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|{{{population_estimate_rank}}}]])<br>{{{population_census}}}<br>{{{population_density}}}/km&sup2; ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda densité ya bato|{{{population_density_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda GDP (nominal)|GDP]]''' ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Per capita | [[As of {{{GDP_PPP_year}}}|{{{GDP_PPP_year}}}]] estimate<br>{{{GDP_PPP}}} ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|{{{GDP_PPP_rank}}}]])<br>{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda GDP (PPP) per capita|{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Mosɔlɔ]]''' | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{mosɔlɔ}}} (<code>[[ISO 4217|{{{currency_code}}}]]</code>) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Ngonga]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Summer&nbsp;([[Daylight saving time|DST]]) | {{{ngonga}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset}}})<br>{{{ngonga_DST}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset_DST}}}) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of Internet top-level domains|Internet TLD]]''' | {{{cctld}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of country calling codes|Calling code]]''' | <code>+{{{calling_code}}}</code> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | colspan=2 | <small>{{{footnotes}}}</small> |} <noinclude> [[Category:Infobox templates|Esé]] [[af:Sjabloon:Landtabel-mini-nl]] [[an:Template:Infobox País]] [[ar:Template:Infobox Country]] [[bg:Шаблон:Държава]] [[ca:Template:Taula d'estat]] [[cs:Šablona:Infobox stát]] [[da:Skabelon:Infoboks land]] [[el:Πρότυπο:Πληροφορίες Χώρας]] [[es:Plantilla:Infobox País]] [[fi:Malline:Valtion tiedot]] [[fiu-vro:Template:Country Infobox]] [[fr:Modèle:Pays]] [[he:תבנית:מדינה]] [[it:Template:Stato]] [[ja:Template:基礎情報 国]] [[ko:Template:나라 정보틀]] [[nl:Sjabloon:Landtabel]] [[nn:Mal:Infoboks land2]] [[no:Mal:Infoboks land]] [[pl:Szablon:PaństwoX]] [[pt:Predefinição:Info País]] [[ro:Format:CutieŢări]] [[sr:Шаблон:Кутијица за државе]] [[th:Template:Infobox Country]] [[es:Plantilla:País]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Tóm tắt về quốc gia]] [[zh:Template:Infobox Country]] </noinclude> 8309 2006-05-30T07:01:47Z Moyogo 11 <!-- Infobox Esé -->{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="4" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 20em; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; clear: right" |+ style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: medium;" | '''{{{nkómbó}}}'''<br/>{{{nkómbó_na_lokóta}}} |- | align=center colspan="2" | {| style="background: none;" |- align=center | [[Image:{{{image_flag}}}|125px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] | [[Image:{{{image_coat}}}|110px|Almwali ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] |- align=center | <small>([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{nkómbó}}}|Bɛndɛ́lɛ]])</small> | <small>([[Almwali ya {{{nkómbó}}}|Almwali]])</small> |} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Lisanga lya mikáno mwa Bikólo|Mokáno mwa ekólo]]: {{{mokáno}}} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Nzémbo ya Bikólo|Loyémbo ya lokúmú]]: {{{loyémbo}}} |- align=center | colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff;" | [[Image:{{{image_map}}}|290px|Esíká ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Mbóka-mokonzi]]''' | {{{mbóka-mokonzi}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Bato bya {{{nkómbó}}}|Engúmba monɛ́nɛ koleka]]''' | {{{engúmba_monɛ́nɛ}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Lokóta ya lɛ́ta|Nkótá ya lɛ́ta]]''' | {{{nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Nkótá ya ekólo]]''' | {{{nkótá_ya_ekólo}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya Bisé nakolanda ndenge ya Mokonzi|Mokonzi]]''' <div style="text-align: right;">{{{babengí_mokambi}}}</div> | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{loléngé_lɛ́ta}}}<br>{{{nkómbó_mokambi}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''{{{sovereignty_type}}}'''<br>{{{established_events}}} | {{{established_dates}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Etando]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Nyɛ̂<br>&nbsp;&bull; Mái (%) | &nbsp;<br>[[{{{etando_bonɛ́nɛ}}} m²|{{{etando}}}&nbsp;km&sup2;]]&nbsp;([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda etando|{{{etando_koleka}}}]])<br>{{{ndámbo_mái}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|Bato]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na{{{population_estimate_year}}}|{{{population_estimate_year}}}]] est.<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na {{{population_census_year}}}|{{{population_census_year}}}]] census<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Population density|Densite]] | &nbsp;<br>{{{population_estimate}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|{{{population_estimate_rank}}}]])<br>{{{population_census}}}<br>{{{population_density}}}/km&sup2; ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda densité ya bato|{{{population_density_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda GDP (nominal)|GDP]]''' ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Per capita | [[As of {{{GDP_PPP_year}}}|{{{GDP_PPP_year}}}]] estimate<br>{{{GDP_PPP}}} ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|{{{GDP_PPP_rank}}}]])<br>{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda GDP (PPP) per capita|{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Mosɔlɔ]]''' | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{mosɔlɔ}}} (<code>[[ISO 4217|{{{currency_code}}}]]</code>) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Ngonga]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Summer&nbsp;([[Daylight saving time|DST]]) | {{{ngonga}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset}}})<br>{{{ngonga_DST}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset_DST}}}) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of Internet top-level domains|Internet TLD]]''' | {{{cctld}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of country calling codes|Calling code]]''' | <code>+{{{calling_code}}}</code> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | colspan=2 | <small>{{{footnotes}}}</small> |} <noinclude> [[Category:Infobox templates|Esé]] [[af:Sjabloon:Landtabel-mini-nl]] [[an:Template:Infobox País]] [[ar:Template:Infobox Country]] [[bg:Шаблон:Държава]] [[ca:Template:Taula d'estat]] [[cs:Šablona:Infobox stát]] [[da:Skabelon:Infoboks land]] [[el:Πρότυπο:Πληροφορίες Χώρας]] [[en:Template:Infobox Country]] [[es:Plantilla:Infobox País]] [[fi:Malline:Valtion tiedot]] [[fiu-vro:Template:Country Infobox]] [[fr:Modèle:Pays]] [[he:תבנית:מדינה]] [[it:Template:Stato]] [[ja:Template:基礎情報 国]] [[ko:Template:나라 정보틀]] [[nl:Sjabloon:Landtabel]] [[nn:Mal:Infoboks land2]] [[no:Mal:Infoboks land]] [[pl:Szablon:PaństwoX]] [[pt:Predefinição:Info País]] [[ro:Format:CutieŢări]] [[sr:Шаблон:Кутијица за државе]] [[th:Template:Infobox Country]] [[es:Plantilla:País]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Tóm tắt về quốc gia]] [[zh:Template:Infobox Country]] </noinclude> 8310 2006-05-30T07:21:30Z Moyogo 11 <!-- Infobox Esé -->{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="4" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 20em; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; clear: right" |+ style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: medium;" | '''{{{nkómbó}}}'''<br/>{{{nkómbó_na_lokóta}}} |- | align=center colspan="2" | {| style="background: none;" |- align=center | [[Image:{{{image_flag}}}|125px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] | [[Image:{{{image_coat}}}|110px|Almwali ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] |- align=center | <small>([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{nkómbó}}}|Bɛndɛ́lɛ]])</small> | <small>([[Almwali ya {{{nkómbó}}}|Almwali]])</small> |} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Lisanga lya mikáno mwa Bikólo|Mokáno mwa ekólo]]: {{{mokáno}}} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Nzémbo ya Bikólo|Loyémbo ya lokúmú]]: {{{loyémbo}}} |- align=center | colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff;" | [[Image:{{{image_map}}}|290px|Esíká ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Mbóka-mokonzi]]''' | {{{mbóka-mokonzi}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Bato bya {{{nkómbó}}}|Engúmba monɛ́nɛ koleka]]''' | {{{engúmba_monɛ́nɛ}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Lokóta ya lɛ́ta|Nkótá ya lɛ́ta]]''' | {{{nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Nkótá ya ekólo]]''' | {{{nkótá_ya_ekólo}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya Bisé nakolanda ndenge ya Mokonzi|Mokonzi]]''' <div style="text-align: right;">{{{babengí_mokambi}}}</div> | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{loléngé_lɛ́ta}}}<br>{{{nkómbó_mokambi}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''{{{sovereignty_type}}}'''<br>{{{established_events}}} | {{{established_dates}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Etando]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Nyɛ̂<br>&nbsp;&bull; Mái (%) | &nbsp;<br>[[{{{etando_bonɛ́nɛ}}} m²|{{{etando}}}&nbsp;km&sup2;]]&nbsp;([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda etando|{{{etando_koleka}}}]])<br>{{{ndámbo_mái}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|Bato]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na{{{population_estimate_year}}}|{{{population_estimate_year}}}]] est.<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na {{{population_census_year}}}|{{{population_census_year}}}]] census<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Population density|Densite]] | &nbsp;<br>{{{population_estimate}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|{{{population_estimate_rank}}}]])<br>{{{population_census}}}<br>{{{population_density}}}/km&sup2; ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda densité ya bato|{{{population_density_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na kolanda BOTIBO|BOTIBO]]''' ([[Bokokisi bwa likonzi lya bosómbi|BOZIBI]])<br>&nbsp;&bull; Nyɛ̂<br>&nbsp;&bull; na moto mɔ̌kɔ | [[na mbúla {{{BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla}}}|{{{BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla}}}]] ~<br>{{{BOTIBO_BOZIBI}}} ([[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na kolanda BOTIBO (BOZIBI)|{{{BOTIBO_BOZIBI_rank}}}]])<br>{{{BOTIBO_BOZIBI_na_moto_mɔ̌kɔ}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda BOTIBO (BOZIBI) na moto mɔ̌kɔ|{{{BOTIBO_BOZIBI_na_moto_mɔ̌kɔ_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Mosɔlɔ]]''' | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{mosɔlɔ}}} (<code>[[ISO 4217|{{{currency_code}}}]]</code>) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Ngonga]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Summer&nbsp;([[Daylight saving time|DST]]) | {{{ngonga}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset}}})<br>{{{ngonga_DST}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset_DST}}}) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of Internet top-level domains|Internet TLD]]''' | {{{cctld}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of country calling codes|Calling code]]''' | <code>+{{{calling_code}}}</code> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | colspan=2 | <small>{{{footnotes}}}</small> |} <noinclude> [[Category:Infobox templates|Esé]] [[af:Sjabloon:Landtabel-mini-nl]] [[an:Template:Infobox País]] [[ar:Template:Infobox Country]] [[bg:Шаблон:Държава]] [[ca:Template:Taula d'estat]] [[cs:Šablona:Infobox stát]] [[da:Skabelon:Infoboks land]] [[el:Πρότυπο:Πληροφορίες Χώρας]] [[en:Template:Infobox Country]] [[es:Plantilla:Infobox País]] [[fi:Malline:Valtion tiedot]] [[fiu-vro:Template:Country Infobox]] [[fr:Modèle:Pays]] [[he:תבנית:מדינה]] [[it:Template:Stato]] [[ja:Template:基礎情報 国]] [[ko:Template:나라 정보틀]] [[nl:Sjabloon:Landtabel]] [[nn:Mal:Infoboks land2]] [[no:Mal:Infoboks land]] [[pl:Szablon:PaństwoX]] [[pt:Predefinição:Info País]] [[ro:Format:CutieŢări]] [[sr:Шаблон:Кутијица за државе]] [[th:Template:Infobox Country]] [[es:Plantilla:País]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Tóm tắt về quốc gia]] [[zh:Template:Infobox Country]] </noinclude> 8311 2006-05-30T07:31:55Z Moyogo 11 BOTIBO moto na moto, rank = limati <!-- Infobox Esé -->{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="4" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 20em; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; clear: right" |+ style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: medium;" | '''{{{nkómbó}}}'''<br/>{{{nkómbó_na_lokóta}}} |- | align=center colspan="2" | {| style="background: none;" |- align=center | [[Image:{{{image_flag}}}|125px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] | [[Image:{{{image_coat}}}|110px|Almwali ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] |- align=center | <small>([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{nkómbó}}}|Bɛndɛ́lɛ]])</small> | <small>([[Almwali ya {{{nkómbó}}}|Almwali]])</small> |} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Lisanga lya mikáno mwa Bikólo|Mokáno mwa ekólo]]: {{{mokáno}}} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Nzémbo ya Bikólo|Loyémbo ya lokúmú]]: {{{loyémbo}}} |- align=center | colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff;" | [[Image:{{{image_map}}}|290px|Esíká ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Mbóka-mokonzi]]''' | {{{mbóka-mokonzi}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Bato bya {{{nkómbó}}}|Engúmba monɛ́nɛ koleka]]''' | {{{engúmba_monɛ́nɛ}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Lokóta ya lɛ́ta|Nkótá ya lɛ́ta]]''' | {{{nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Nkótá ya ekólo]]''' | {{{nkótá_ya_ekólo}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya Bisé nakolanda ndenge ya Mokonzi|Mokonzi]]''' <div style="text-align: right;">{{{babengí_mokambi}}}</div> | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{loléngé_lɛ́ta}}}<br>{{{nkómbó_mokambi}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''{{{sovereignty_type}}}'''<br>{{{established_events}}} | {{{established_dates}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Etando]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Nyɛ̂<br>&nbsp;&bull; Mái (%) | &nbsp;<br>[[{{{etando_bonɛ́nɛ}}} m²|{{{etando}}}&nbsp;km&sup2;]]&nbsp;([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda etando|{{{etando_koleka}}}]])<br>{{{ndámbo_mái}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|Bato]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na{{{population_estimate_year}}}|{{{population_estimate_year}}}]] est.<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na {{{population_census_year}}}|{{{population_census_year}}}]] census<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Population density|Densite]] | &nbsp;<br>{{{population_estimate}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|{{{population_estimate_rank}}}]])<br>{{{population_census}}}<br>{{{population_density}}}/km&sup2; ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda densité ya bato|{{{population_density_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na kolanda BOTIBO|BOTIBO]]''' ([[Bokokisi bwa likonzi lya bosómbi|BOZIBI]])<br>&nbsp;&bull; Nyɛ̂<br>&nbsp;&bull; moto na moto | [[na mbúla {{{BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla}}}|{{{BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla}}}]] ~<br>{{{BOTIBO_BOZIBI}}} ([[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na kolanda BOTIBO (BOZIBI)|{{{BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati}}}]])<br>{{{BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda BOTIBO (BOZIBI) moto na moto|{{{BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Mosɔlɔ]]''' | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{mosɔlɔ}}} (<code>[[ISO 4217|{{{currency_code}}}]]</code>) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Ngonga]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Summer&nbsp;([[Daylight saving time|DST]]) | {{{ngonga}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset}}})<br>{{{ngonga_DST}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset_DST}}}) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of Internet top-level domains|Internet TLD]]''' | {{{cctld}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of country calling codes|Calling code]]''' | <code>+{{{calling_code}}}</code> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | colspan=2 | <small>{{{footnotes}}}</small> |} <noinclude> [[Category:Infobox templates|Esé]] [[af:Sjabloon:Landtabel-mini-nl]] [[an:Template:Infobox País]] [[ar:Template:Infobox Country]] [[bg:Шаблон:Държава]] [[ca:Template:Taula d'estat]] [[cs:Šablona:Infobox stát]] [[da:Skabelon:Infoboks land]] [[el:Πρότυπο:Πληροφορίες Χώρας]] [[en:Template:Infobox Country]] [[es:Plantilla:Infobox País]] [[fi:Malline:Valtion tiedot]] [[fiu-vro:Template:Country Infobox]] [[fr:Modèle:Pays]] [[he:תבנית:מדינה]] [[it:Template:Stato]] [[ja:Template:基礎情報 国]] [[ko:Template:나라 정보틀]] [[nl:Sjabloon:Landtabel]] [[nn:Mal:Infoboks land2]] [[no:Mal:Infoboks land]] [[pl:Szablon:PaństwoX]] [[pt:Predefinição:Info País]] [[ro:Format:CutieŢări]] [[sr:Шаблон:Кутијица за државе]] [[th:Template:Infobox Country]] [[es:Plantilla:País]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Tóm tắt về quốc gia]] [[zh:Template:Infobox Country]] </noinclude> 8312 2006-05-30T07:40:57Z Moyogo 11 <!-- Infobox Esé -->{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="4" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 20em; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; clear: right" |+ style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: medium;" | '''{{{nkómbó}}}'''<br/>{{{nkómbó_na_lokóta}}} |- | align=center colspan="2" | {| style="background: none;" |- align=center | [[Image:{{{image_flag}}}|125px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] | [[Image:{{{image_coat}}}|110px|Almwali ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] |- align=center | <small>([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{nkómbó}}}|Bɛndɛ́lɛ]])</small> | <small>([[Almwali ya {{{nkómbó}}}|Almwali]])</small> |} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Lisanga lya mikáno mwa Bikólo|Mokáno mwa ekólo]]: {{{mokáno}}} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Nzémbo ya Bikólo|Loyémbo ya lokúmú]]: {{{loyémbo}}} |- align=center | colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff;" | [[Image:{{{image_map}}}|290px|Esíká ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Mbóka-mokonzi]]''' | {{{mbóka-mokonzi}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Bato bya {{{nkómbó}}}|Engúmba monɛ́nɛ koleka]]''' | {{{engúmba_monɛ́nɛ}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Lokóta ya lɛ́ta|Nkótá ya lɛ́ta]]''' | {{{nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Nkótá ya ekólo]]''' | {{{nkótá_ya_ekólo}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya Bisé nakolanda ndenge ya Mokonzi|Mokonzi]]''' <div style="text-align: right;">{{{babengí_mokambi}}}</div> | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{loléngé_lɛ́ta}}}<br>{{{nkómbó_mokambi}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''{{{sovereignty_type}}}'''<br>{{{established_events}}} | {{{established_dates}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Etando]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Nyɛ̂<br>&nbsp;&bull; Mái (%) | &nbsp;<br>[[{{{etando_bonɛ́nɛ}}} m²|{{{etando}}}&nbsp;km&sup2;]]&nbsp;([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda etando|{{{etando_koleka}}}]])<br>{{{ndámbo_mái}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|Mito]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na mbúla {{{bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla}}}|{{{bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla}}}]] ndakisa-mitúya<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na {{{bato_botángi_mbúla}}}|{{{bato_botángi_mbúla}}}]] botángi<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[bato_na_etando|Bato na etando]] | &nbsp;<br>{{{bato_ndakisa-mitúya}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|{{{bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati}}}]])<br>{{{bato_botángi}}}<br>{{{bato_na_etando}}}/km&sup2; ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato na etando|{{{bato_na_etando_limati}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na kolanda BOTIBO|BOTIBO]]''' ([[Bokokisi bwa likonzi lya bosómbi|BOZIBI]])<br>&nbsp;&bull; Nyɛ̂<br>&nbsp;&bull; moto na moto | [[na mbúla {{{BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla}}}|{{{BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla}}}]] ~<br>{{{BOTIBO_BOZIBI}}} ([[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na kolanda BOTIBO (BOZIBI)|{{{BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati}}}]])<br>{{{BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda BOTIBO (BOZIBI) moto na moto|{{{BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Mosɔlɔ]]''' | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{mosɔlɔ}}} (<code>[[ISO 4217|{{{currency_code}}}]]</code>) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Ngonga]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Summer&nbsp;([[Daylight saving time|DST]]) | {{{ngonga}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset}}})<br>{{{ngonga_DST}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset_DST}}}) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of Internet top-level domains|Internet TLD]]''' | {{{cctld}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of country calling codes|Calling code]]''' | <code>+{{{calling_code}}}</code> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | colspan=2 | <small>{{{footnotes}}}</small> |} <noinclude> [[Category:Infobox templates|Esé]] [[af:Sjabloon:Landtabel-mini-nl]] [[an:Template:Infobox País]] [[ar:Template:Infobox Country]] [[bg:Шаблон:Държава]] [[ca:Template:Taula d'estat]] [[cs:Šablona:Infobox stát]] [[da:Skabelon:Infoboks land]] [[el:Πρότυπο:Πληροφορίες Χώρας]] [[en:Template:Infobox Country]] [[es:Plantilla:Infobox País]] [[fi:Malline:Valtion tiedot]] [[fiu-vro:Template:Country Infobox]] [[fr:Modèle:Pays]] [[he:תבנית:מדינה]] [[it:Template:Stato]] [[ja:Template:基礎情報 国]] [[ko:Template:나라 정보틀]] [[nl:Sjabloon:Landtabel]] [[nn:Mal:Infoboks land2]] [[no:Mal:Infoboks land]] [[pl:Szablon:PaństwoX]] [[pt:Predefinição:Info País]] [[ro:Format:CutieŢări]] [[sr:Шаблон:Кутијица за државе]] [[th:Template:Infobox Country]] [[es:Plantilla:País]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Tóm tắt về quốc gia]] [[zh:Template:Infobox Country]] </noinclude> 8313 2006-05-30T07:48:51Z Moyogo 11 <!-- Infobox Esé -->{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="4" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 20em; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; clear: right" |+ style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: medium;" | '''{{{nkómbó}}}'''<br/>{{{nkómbó_na_lokóta}}} |- | align=center colspan="2" | {| style="background: none;" |- align=center | [[Image:{{{image_flag}}}|125px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] | [[Image:{{{image_coat}}}|110px|Almwali ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] |- align=center | <small>([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{nkómbó}}}|Bɛndɛ́lɛ]])</small> | <small>([[Almwali ya {{{nkómbó}}}|Almwali]])</small> |} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Lisanga lya mikáno mwa Bikólo|Mokáno mwa ekólo]]: {{{mokáno}}} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Nzémbo ya Bikólo|Loyémbo ya lokúmú]]: {{{loyémbo}}} |- align=center | colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff;" | [[Image:{{{image_map}}}|290px|Esíká ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Mbóka-mokonzi]]''' | {{{mbóka-mokonzi}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Bato bya {{{nkómbó}}}|Engúmba monɛ́nɛ koleka]]''' | {{{engúmba_monɛ́nɛ}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Lokóta ya lɛ́ta|Nkótá ya lɛ́ta]]''' | {{{nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Nkótá ya ekólo]]''' | {{{nkótá_ya_ekólo}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya Bisé nakolanda ndenge ya Mokonzi|Mokonzi]]''' <div style="text-align: right;">{{{babengí_mokambi}}}</div> | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{loléngé_lɛ́ta}}}<br>{{{nkómbó_mokambi}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''{{{sovereignty_type}}}'''<br>{{{established_events}}} | {{{established_dates}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Etando]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Nyɛ̂<br>&nbsp;&bull; Mái (%) | &nbsp;<br>[[{{{etando_bonɛ́nɛ}}} m²|{{{etando}}}&nbsp;km&sup2;]]&nbsp;([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda etando|{{{etando_koleka}}}]]) <br>{{{ndámbo_mái}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|Mito]]''' <br> &nbsp;&bull; [[Na mbúla {{{bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla}}}|{{{bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla}}}]] ndakisa-mitúya <br> &nbsp;&bull; [[Na {{{bato_botángi_mbúla}}}|{{{bato_botángi_mbúla}}}]] botángi <br> &nbsp;&bull; [[bato_na_etando|Bato na etando]] | &nbsp; <br>{{{bato_ndakisa-mitúya}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|{{{bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati}}}]]) <br>{{{bato_botángi}}}<br>{{{bato_na_etando}}}/km&sup2; ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato na etando|{{{bato_na_etando_limati}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na kolanda BOTIBO|BOTIBO]]''' ([[Bokokisi bwa likonzi lya bosómbi|BOZIBI]]) <br>&nbsp;&bull; Nyɛ̂<br>&nbsp;&bull; moto na moto | [[na mbúla {{{BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla}}}|{{{BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla}}}]] ndakisa-mitúya <br>{{{BOTIBO_BOZIBI}}} ([[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na kolanda BOTIBO (BOZIBI)|{{{BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati}}}]]) <br>{{{BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda BOTIBO (BOZIBI) moto na moto|{{{BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Mosɔlɔ]]''' | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{mosɔlɔ}}} (<code>[[ISO 4217|{{{currency_code}}}]]</code>) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Ngonga]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Summer&nbsp;([[Daylight saving time|DST]]) | {{{ngonga}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset}}})<br>{{{ngonga_DST}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset_DST}}}) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of Internet top-level domains|Internet TLD]]''' | {{{cctld}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of country calling codes|Calling code]]''' | <code>+{{{calling_code}}}</code> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | colspan=2 | <small>{{{footnotes}}}</small> |} <noinclude> [[Category:Infobox templates|Esé]] [[af:Sjabloon:Landtabel-mini-nl]] [[an:Template:Infobox País]] [[ar:Template:Infobox Country]] [[bg:Шаблон:Държава]] [[ca:Template:Taula d'estat]] [[cs:Šablona:Infobox stát]] [[da:Skabelon:Infoboks land]] [[el:Πρότυπο:Πληροφορίες Χώρας]] [[en:Template:Infobox Country]] [[es:Plantilla:Infobox País]] [[fi:Malline:Valtion tiedot]] [[fiu-vro:Template:Country Infobox]] [[fr:Modèle:Pays]] [[he:תבנית:מדינה]] [[it:Template:Stato]] [[ja:Template:基礎情報 国]] [[ko:Template:나라 정보틀]] [[nl:Sjabloon:Landtabel]] [[nn:Mal:Infoboks land2]] [[no:Mal:Infoboks land]] [[pl:Szablon:PaństwoX]] [[pt:Predefinição:Info País]] [[ro:Format:CutieŢări]] [[sr:Шаблон:Кутијица за државе]] [[th:Template:Infobox Country]] [[es:Plantilla:País]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Tóm tắt về quốc gia]] [[zh:Template:Infobox Country]] </noinclude> 8325 2006-05-30T08:08:35Z Moyogo 11 <!-- Infobox Esé -->{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="4" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 20em; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; clear: right" |+ style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: medium;" | '''{{{nkómbó}}}'''<br/>{{{nkómbó_na_lokóta}}} |- | align=center colspan="2" | {| style="background: none;" |- align=center | [[Image:{{{image_flag}}}|125px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] | [[Image:{{{image_coat}}}|110px|Almwali ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] |- align=center | <small>([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{nkómbó}}}|Bɛndɛ́lɛ]])</small> | <small>([[Almwali ya {{{nkómbó}}}|Almwali]])</small> |} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Lisanga lya mikáno mwa Bikólo|Mokáno mwa ekólo]]: {{{mokáno}}} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Nzémbo ya Bikólo|Loyémbo ya lokúmú]]: {{{loyémbo}}} |- align=center | colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff;" | [[Image:{{{image_map}}}|290px|Esíká ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Mbóka-mokonzi]]''' | {{{mbóka-mokonzi}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Bato bya {{{nkómbó}}}|Engúmba monɛ́nɛ koleka]]''' | {{{engúmba_monɛ́nɛ}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Lokóta ya lɛ́ta|Nkótá ya lɛ́ta]]''' | {{{nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Nkótá ya ekólo]]''' | {{{nkótá_ya_ekólo}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya Bisé nakolanda ndenge ya Mokonzi|Mokonzi]]''' <div style="text-align: right;">{{{babengí_mokambi}}}</div> | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{loléngé_lɛ́ta}}}<br>{{{nkómbó_mokambi}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''{{{sovereignty_type}}}'''<br>{{{established_events}}} | {{{established_dates}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Etando]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Nyɛ̂<br>&nbsp;&bull; Mái (%) | &nbsp;<br>[[{{{etando_bonɛ́nɛ}}} m²|{{{etando}}}&nbsp;km&sup2;]]&nbsp;([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda etando|{{{etando_limati}}}]]) <br>{{{ndámbo_mái}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|Mito]]''' <br> &nbsp;&bull; [[Na mbúla {{{bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla}}}|{{{bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla}}}]] ndakisa-mitúya <br> &nbsp;&bull; [[Na {{{bato_botángi_mbúla}}}|{{{bato_botángi_mbúla}}}]] botángi <br> &nbsp;&bull; [[bato_na_etando|Bato na etando]] | &nbsp; <br>{{{bato_ndakisa-mitúya}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|{{{bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati}}}]]) <br>{{{bato_botángi}}}<br>{{{bato_na_etando}}}/km&sup2; ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato na etando|{{{bato_na_etando_limati}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na kolanda BOTIBO|BOTIBO]]''' ([[Bokokisi bwa likonzi lya bosómbi|BOZIBI]]) <br>&nbsp;&bull; Nyɛ̂<br>&nbsp;&bull; moto na moto | [[na mbúla {{{BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla}}}|{{{BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla}}}]] ndakisa-mitúya <br>{{{BOTIBO_BOZIBI}}} ([[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na kolanda BOTIBO (BOZIBI)|{{{BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati}}}]]) <br>{{{BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda BOTIBO (BOZIBI) moto na moto|{{{BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Mosɔlɔ]]''' | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{mosɔlɔ}}} (<code>[[ISO 4217|{{{currency_code}}}]]</code>) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Ngonga]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Summer&nbsp;([[Daylight saving time|DST]]) | {{{ngonga}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset}}})<br>{{{ngonga_DST}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset_DST}}}) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of Internet top-level domains|Internet TLD]]''' | {{{cctld}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of country calling codes|Calling code]]''' | <code>+{{{calling_code}}}</code> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | colspan=2 | <small>{{{footnotes}}}</small> |} <noinclude> [[Category:Infobox templates|Esé]] [[af:Sjabloon:Landtabel-mini-nl]] [[an:Template:Infobox País]] [[ar:Template:Infobox Country]] [[bg:Шаблон:Държава]] [[ca:Template:Taula d'estat]] [[cs:Šablona:Infobox stát]] [[da:Skabelon:Infoboks land]] [[el:Πρότυπο:Πληροφορίες Χώρας]] [[en:Template:Infobox Country]] [[es:Plantilla:Infobox País]] [[fi:Malline:Valtion tiedot]] [[fiu-vro:Template:Country Infobox]] [[fr:Modèle:Pays]] [[he:תבנית:מדינה]] [[it:Template:Stato]] [[ja:Template:基礎情報 国]] [[ko:Template:나라 정보틀]] [[nl:Sjabloon:Landtabel]] [[nn:Mal:Infoboks land2]] [[no:Mal:Infoboks land]] [[pl:Szablon:PaństwoX]] [[pt:Predefinição:Info País]] [[ro:Format:CutieŢări]] [[sr:Шаблон:Кутијица за државе]] [[th:Template:Infobox Country]] [[es:Plantilla:País]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Tóm tắt về quốc gia]] [[zh:Template:Infobox Country]] </noinclude> 8899 2006-07-13T13:30:07Z Moyogo 11 <!-- Infobox Esé -->{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="4" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 20em; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; clear: right" |+ style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: medium;" | '''{{{nkómbó}}}'''<br/>{{{nkómbó_na_lokótá}}} |- | align=center colspan="2" | {| style="background: none;" |- align=center | [[Image:{{{image_flag}}}|125px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] | [[Image:{{{image_coat}}}|110px|Almwali ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] |- align=center | <small>([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{nkómbó}}}|Bɛndɛ́lɛ]])</small> | <small>([[Almwali ya {{{nkómbó}}}|Almwali]])</small> |} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Lisanga lya mikáno mwa Bikólo|Mokáno mwa ekólo]]: {{{mokáno}}} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Nzémbo ya Bikólo|Loyémbo ya lokúmú]]: {{{loyémbo}}} |- align=center | colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff;" | [[Image:{{{image_map}}}|290px|Esíká ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Mbóka-mokonzi]]''' | {{{mbóka-mokonzi}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Bato bya {{{nkómbó}}}|Engúmba monɛ́nɛ koleka]]''' | {{{engúmba_monɛ́nɛ}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Lokóta ya lɛ́ta|Nkótá ya lɛ́ta]]''' | {{{nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Nkótá ya ekólo]]''' | {{{nkótá_ya_ekólo}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya Bisé nakolanda ndenge ya Mokonzi|Mokonzi]]''' <div style="text-align: right;">{{{babengí_mokambi}}}</div> | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{loléngé_lɛ́ta}}}<br>{{{nkómbó_mokambi}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''{{{sovereignty_type}}}'''<br>{{{established_events}}} | {{{established_dates}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Etando]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Nyɛ̂<br>&nbsp;&bull; Mái (%) | &nbsp;<br>[[{{{etando_bonɛ́nɛ}}} m²|{{{etando}}}&nbsp;km&sup2;]]&nbsp;([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda etando|{{{etando_limati}}}]]) <br>{{{ndámbo_mái}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|Mito]]''' <br> &nbsp;&bull; [[Na mbúla {{{bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla}}}|{{{bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla}}}]] ndakisa-mitúya <br> &nbsp;&bull; [[Na {{{bato_botángi_mbúla}}}|{{{bato_botángi_mbúla}}}]] botángi <br> &nbsp;&bull; [[bato_na_etando|Bato na etando]] | &nbsp; <br>{{{bato_ndakisa-mitúya}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|{{{bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati}}}]]) <br>{{{bato_botángi}}}<br>{{{bato_na_etando}}}/km&sup2; ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato na etando|{{{bato_na_etando_limati}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na kolanda BOTIBO|BOTIBO]]''' ([[Bokokisi bwa likonzi lya bosómbi|BOZIBI]]) <br>&nbsp;&bull; Nyɛ̂<br>&nbsp;&bull; moto na moto | [[na mbúla {{{BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla}}}|{{{BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla}}}]] ndakisa-mitúya <br>{{{BOTIBO_BOZIBI}}} ([[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé na kolanda BOTIBO (BOZIBI)|{{{BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati}}}]]) <br>{{{BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda BOTIBO (BOZIBI) moto na moto|{{{BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Mosɔlɔ]]''' | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{mosɔlɔ}}} (<code>[[ISO 4217|{{{currency_code}}}]]</code>) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Ngonga]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Summer&nbsp;([[Daylight saving time|DST]]) | {{{ngonga}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset}}})<br>{{{ngonga_DST}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset_DST}}}) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of Internet top-level domains|Internet TLD]]''' | {{{cctld}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of country calling codes|Calling code]]''' | <code>+{{{calling_code}}}</code> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | colspan=2 | <small>{{{footnotes}}}</small> |} <noinclude> [[Category:Infobox templates|Esé]] [[af:Sjabloon:Landtabel-mini-nl]] [[an:Template:Infobox País]] [[ar:Template:Infobox Country]] [[bg:Шаблон:Държава]] [[ca:Template:Taula d'estat]] [[cs:Šablona:Infobox stát]] [[da:Skabelon:Infoboks land]] [[el:Πρότυπο:Πληροφορίες Χώρας]] [[en:Template:Infobox Country]] [[es:Plantilla:Infobox País]] [[fi:Malline:Valtion tiedot]] [[fiu-vro:Template:Country Infobox]] [[fr:Modèle:Pays]] [[he:תבנית:מדינה]] [[it:Template:Stato]] [[ja:Template:基礎情報 国]] [[ko:Template:나라 정보틀]] [[nl:Sjabloon:Landtabel]] [[nn:Mal:Infoboks land2]] [[no:Mal:Infoboks land]] [[pl:Szablon:PaństwoX]] [[pt:Predefinição:Info País]] [[ro:Format:CutieŢări]] [[sr:Шаблон:Кутијица за државе]] [[th:Template:Infobox Country]] [[es:Plantilla:País]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Tóm tắt về quốc gia]] [[zh:Template:Infobox Country]] </noinclude> Template:Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa 1578 5273 2005-07-11T09:27:14Z 199.8.238.219 {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=3 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 3px solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" | align="center" | [[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|80px|Coat of arms of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]<br>'''[[Politics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Politics of the <br>Democratic Republic of the Congo]]''' |- |style="border-top:3px solid;" align=center |[[National Assembly of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|National Assembly]]<br>[[Senate of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Senate]] |- |style="border-top:3px solid;" align=center |[[President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|President]]<br>[[Vice Presidents of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Vice Presidents]]<br>[[Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Ministers]]<br>[[National Assembly of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Speaker of the National Assembly]] |- |style="border-top:3px solid;" align=center |[[Politicians of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Politicians]]<br>[[List of political parties in the Democratic Republic of Congo|Political Parties]] |- |style="border-top:3px solid;" align=center |[[Supreme Court of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Supreme Court]] |- |style="border-top:3px solid;" align=center |[[Elections in the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Elections]]<br> |} 5274 2005-07-11T09:34:03Z 199.8.238.219 {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=3 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 3px solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" | align="center" | [[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|80px|Coat of arms of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]<br>'''[[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa|Politiki bya Repubiliki ya Kongo Demokratiki]]''' |- |style="border-top:3px solid;" align=center |[[National Assembly of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|National Assembly]]<br>[[Sena o Kongo Kinshasa|Sena]] |- |style="border-top:3px solid;" align=center |[[Mokambi Ekolo Kongo Kinshasa|Mokambi Ekolo]]<br>[[Ba Vice Presidents o Kongo Kinshasa|Ba Vice Presidents]]<br>[[Bulamatari o Kongo Kinshasa|Ba Ministri]]<br>[[National Assembly of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Speaker of the National Assembly]] |- |style="border-top:3px solid;" align=center |[[Politicians of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Politicians]]<br>[[List of political parties in the Democratic Republic of Congo|Political Parties]] |- |style="border-top:3px solid;" align=center |[[Supreme Court of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Supreme Court]] |- |style="border-top:3px solid;" align=center |[[Maponeli o Kongo Kinshasa|Maponeli]]<br> |} 5438 2005-07-18T23:35:41Z Themalau 22 [[Template:Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]] moved to [[Template:Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=3 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 3px solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" | align="center" | [[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|80px|Coat of arms of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]<br>'''[[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa|Politiki bya Repubiliki ya Kongo Demokratiki]]''' |- |style="border-top:3px solid;" align=center |[[National Assembly of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|National Assembly]]<br>[[Sena o Kongo Kinshasa|Sena]] |- |style="border-top:3px solid;" align=center |[[Mokambi Ekolo Kongo Kinshasa|Mokambi Ekolo]]<br>[[Ba Vice Presidents o Kongo Kinshasa|Ba Vice Presidents]]<br>[[Bulamatari o Kongo Kinshasa|Ba Ministri]]<br>[[National Assembly of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Speaker of the National Assembly]] |- |style="border-top:3px solid;" align=center |[[Politicians of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Politicians]]<br>[[List of political parties in the Democratic Republic of Congo|Political Parties]] |- |style="border-top:3px solid;" align=center |[[Supreme Court of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Supreme Court]] |- |style="border-top:3px solid;" align=center |[[Maponeli o Kongo Kinshasa|Maponeli]]<br> |} 5440 2005-07-18T23:39:23Z Themalau 22 {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=3 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 3px solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" | align="center" | [[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|80px|Coat of arms of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]<br>'''[[Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Politiki bya Repubiliki ya Kongo Demokratiki]]''' |- |style="border-top:3px solid;" align=center |[[National Assembly of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|National Assembly]]<br>[[Sena o Kongo Kinshasa|Sena]] |- |style="border-top:3px solid;" align=center |[[Mokambi Ekolo Kongo Kinshasa|Mokambi Ekolo]]<br>[[Ba Vice Presidents o Kongo Kinshasa|Ba Vice Presidents]]<br>[[Bulamatari o Kongo Kinshasa|Ba Ministri]]<br>[[National Assembly of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Speaker of the National Assembly]] |- |style="border-top:3px solid;" align=center |[[Politicians of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Politicians]]<br>[[List of political parties in the Democratic Republic of Congo|Political Parties]] |- |style="border-top:3px solid;" align=center |[[Supreme Court of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Supreme Court]] |- |style="border-top:3px solid;" align=center |[[Maponeli o Kongo Kinshasa|Maponeli]]<br> |} 5441 2005-07-18T23:40:32Z Themalau 22 {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=3 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 3px solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" | align="center" | [[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|80px|Coat of arms of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]<br>'''[[Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa|Politiki bya Repubiliki ya Kongo Demokratiki]]''' |- |style="border-top:3px solid;" align=center |[[National Assembly of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|National Assembly]]<br>[[Sena o Kongo Kinshasa|Sena]] |- |style="border-top:3px solid;" align=center |[[Mokambi Ekolo Kongo Kinshasa|Mokambi Ekolo]]<br>[[Ba Vice Presidents o Kongo Kinshasa|Ba Vice Presidents]]<br>[[Bulamatari o Kongo Kinshasa|Ba Ministri]]<br>[[National Assembly of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Speaker of the National Assembly]] |- |style="border-top:3px solid;" align=center |[[Politicians of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Politicians]]<br>[[List of political parties in the Democratic Republic of Congo|Political Parties]] |- |style="border-top:3px solid;" align=center |[[Supreme Court of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Supreme Court]] |- |style="border-top:3px solid;" align=center |[[Maponeli o Kongo Kinshasa|Maponeli]]<br> |} 5447 2005-07-18T23:46:10Z Themalau 22 {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=3 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 3px solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" | align="center" | [[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|80px|Coat of arms of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]<br>'''[[Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Politiki bya Repubiliki ya Kongo Demokratiki]]''' |- |style="border-top:3px solid;" align=center |[[National Assembly of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|National Assembly]]<br>[[Sena o Kongo Kinshasa|Sena]] |- |style="border-top:3px solid;" align=center |[[Mokambi Ekolo Kongo Kinshasa|Mokambi Ekolo]]<br>[[Ba Vice Presidents o Kongo Kinshasa|Ba Vice Presidents]]<br>[[Bulamatari o Kongo Kinshasa|Ba Ministri]]<br>[[National Assembly of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Speaker of the National Assembly]] |- |style="border-top:3px solid;" align=center |[[Politicians of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Politicians]]<br>[[List of political parties in the Democratic Republic of Congo|Political Parties]] |- |style="border-top:3px solid;" align=center |[[Supreme Court of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Supreme Court]] |- |style="border-top:3px solid;" align=center |[[Maponeli o Kongo Kinshasa|Maponeli]]<br> |} 8277 2006-05-29T09:48:41Z Moyogo 11 {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=3 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 3px solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" | align="center" | [[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|80px|Coat of arms of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]<br>'''[[Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Politiki bya Repubiliki ya Kongo Demokratiki]]''' |- |style="border-top:3px solid;" align=center |[[National Assembly of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|National Assembly]]<br>[[Sena o Kongo Kinshasa|Sena]] |- |style="border-top:3px solid;" align=center |[[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Mokambi Ekolo]]<br>[[Ba Vice Presidents o Kongo Kinshasa|Ba Vice Presidents]]<br>[[Bulamatari o Kongo Kinshasa|Ba Ministri]]<br>[[National Assembly of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Speaker of the National Assembly]] |- |style="border-top:3px solid;" align=center |[[Politicians of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Politicians]]<br>[[List of political parties in the Democratic Republic of Congo|Political Parties]] |- |style="border-top:3px solid;" align=center |[[Supreme Court of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Supreme Court]] |- |style="border-top:3px solid;" align=center |[[Maponeli o Kongo Kinshasa|Maponeli]]<br> |} Template:Entête tableau charte 1580 5307 2005-07-17T22:46:44Z 199.8.238.219 {| border="0" align="{{{1}}}" cellpadding="3px" style="border: 1px solid #999; background-color:#FFFFFF" {{ligne titre tableau charte}} 5308 2005-07-17T22:50:10Z 199.8.238.219 {{entête tableau charte alignement|center}} Template:Entête tableau charte alignement 1581 5309 2005-07-17T22:50:37Z 199.8.238.219 {| border="0" align="{{{1}}}" cellpadding="3px" style="border: 1px solid #999; background-color:#FFFFFF" {{ligne titre tableau charte}} Template:Ligne titre tableau charte 1582 5310 2005-07-17T22:51:07Z 199.8.238.219 |-align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc" Template:Nwt 1583 5312 2005-07-17T22:54:24Z 199.8.238.219 <span style="white-space:nowrap">{{{1}}}</span> Template:Nk-ndámbo-lokótá 1584 5321 2005-07-17T23:26:07Z 199.8.238.219 <div class="boilerplate metadata" id="stub"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: transparent;"><tr><td>[[Image:IPA lezh.PNG|31px|]]</td><td>''Article oyo etali [[nkota ya Nijer-Kongo]]ezali [[Wikipedia:Perfect stub article|ndambo]]. Okoki [[Wikipedia:Find or fix a stub|kosalisa]] Wikipedia by [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} expanding it]''.</td></tr></table></div> [[Category:bandambo ya Nkota ya Nijer-Kongo]] 5322 2005-07-17T23:25:53Z 199.8.238.219 <div class="boilerplate metadata" id="stub"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: transparent;"><tr><td>[[Image:IPA lezh.PNG|31px|]]</td><td>''Article oyo etali [[nkota ya Nijer-Kongo]] ezali [[Wikipedia:Perfect stub article|ndambo]]. Okoki [[Wikipedia:Find or fix a stub|kosalisa]] Wikipedia by [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} expanding it]''.</td></tr></table></div> [[Category:bandambo ya Nkota ya Nijer-Kongo]] 5326 2005-07-17T23:31:57Z 199.8.238.219 <div class="boilerplate metadata" id="stub"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: transparent;"><tr><td>[[Image:IPA lezh.PNG|31px|]]</td><td>''Article oyo etali [[nkotá ya Nijer-Kongo]] ezali [[Wikipedia:Perfect stub article|ndambo]]. Okoki [[Wikipedia:Find or fix a stub|kosalisa]] Wikipedia by [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} expanding it]''.</td></tr></table></div> [[Category:bandambo ya Nkota ya Nijer-Kongo]] 5849 2005-07-31T08:04:50Z Moyogo 11 Nijer -> Nizer, nkotá -> lokótá, etc. <div class="boilerplate metadata" id="stub"> <span style="background-color: transparent;"> [[Image:IPA lezh.PNG|31px|]] ''Lokasa óyo etalí [[lokótá ya Nizer-Kongo]] ezali [[Wikipedia:Perfect stub article|ndambo]]. Okoka [[Wikipedia:Find or fix a stub|kosálisa]] mpé [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} kobalusa]''. </span> </div> [[Category:bandámbo ya lokóta ya Nizer-Kongo]] 5850 2005-07-31T08:05:40Z Moyogo 11 ezali -> ezalí <div class="boilerplate metadata" id="stub"> <span style="background-color: transparent;"> [[Image:IPA lezh.PNG|31px|]] ''Lokasa óyo etalí [[lokótá ya Nizer-Kongo]] ezalí [[Wikipedia:Perfect stub article|ndambo]]. Okoka [[Wikipedia:Find or fix a stub|kosálisa]] mpé [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} kobalusa]''. </span> </div> [[Category:bandámbo ya lokóta ya Nizer-Kongo]] 5874 2005-07-31T12:25:21Z Moyogo 11 Template:Nc-lang-stub moved to Template:Nk-ndámbo-lokótá <div class="boilerplate metadata" id="stub"> <span style="background-color: transparent;"> [[Image:IPA lezh.PNG|31px|]] ''Lokasa óyo etalí [[lokótá ya Nizer-Kongo]] ezalí [[Wikipedia:Perfect stub article|ndambo]]. Okoka [[Wikipedia:Find or fix a stub|kosálisa]] mpé [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} kobalusa]''. </span> </div> [[Category:bandámbo ya lokóta ya Nizer-Kongo]] 5876 2005-07-31T12:27:12Z Moyogo 11 ortho <div class="boilerplate metadata" id="stub"> <span style="background-color: transparent;"> [[Image:IPA lezh.PNG|31px|]] ''Lokasa óyo etalí [[lokótá ya Nizer-Kongo]] ezalí [[Wikipedia:Perfect stub article|ndámbo]]. Okoka [[Wikipedia:Find or fix a stub|kosálisa]] mpé [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} kobalusa]''. </span> </div> [[Category:ndámbo ya lokóta ya Nizer-Kongo]] 8879 2006-07-13T13:19:09Z Moyogo 11 <div class="boilerplate metadata" id="stub"> <span style="background-color: transparent;"> [[Image:IPA lezh.PNG|31px|]] ''Lokasa óyo etalí [[lokótá ya Nizer-Kongo]] ezalí [[Wikipedia:Perfect stub article|ndámbo]]. Okoka [[Wikipedia:Find or fix a stub|kosálisa]] mpé [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} kobalusa]''. </span> </div> [[Category:ndámbo ya lokótá ya Nizer-Kongo]] Template:Bisé ya Afríka 1585 5329 2005-07-17T23:39:50Z 199.8.238.219 <br clear="all"/> {| align="center" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top: 2em; width: 80%; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em" |- bgcolor="#ccccff" | align="center" | '''[[Pays du monde|Pays]] d'[[Afrique]]''' |- align="center" style="font-size: 90%;" | '''Afrique méditerranéenne''' : [[Algérie]]&nbsp;· [[Égypte]]&nbsp;{{1}}&nbsp;· [[Libye]]&nbsp;· [[Maroc]]&nbsp;{{3}}&nbsp;· [[Tunisie]] '''Afrique de l'Ouest''' : [[Bénin]]&nbsp;· [[Burkina Faso]]&nbsp;· [[Cap-Vert]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Côte d'Ivoire]]&nbsp;· [[Gambie]]&nbsp;· [[Ghana]]&nbsp;· [[Guinée]]&nbsp;· [[Guinée-Bissau]]&nbsp;· [[Liberia]]&nbsp;· [[Mali]]&nbsp;· [[Mauritanie]]&nbsp;· [[Niger]]&nbsp;· [[Nigeria]]&nbsp;· [[Sénégal]]&nbsp;· [[Sierra Leone]]&nbsp;· [[Togo]] '''Afrique centrale''' : [[Cameroun]]&nbsp;· [[République centrafricaine]]&nbsp;· [[République du Congo]]&nbsp;· [[République démocratique du Congo]]&nbsp;· [[Gabon]]&nbsp;· [[Guinée équatoriale]]&nbsp;· [[São Tomé-et-Príncipe]]&nbsp;· [[Tchad]] '''Afrique de l'Est''' : [[Burundi]]&nbsp;· [[Djibouti]]&nbsp;· [[Érythrée]]&nbsp;· [[Éthiopie]]&nbsp;· [[Kenya]]&nbsp;· [[Ouganda]]&nbsp;· [[Rwanda]]&nbsp;· [[Seychelles]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Somalie]]&nbsp;· [[Soudan]]&nbsp;· [[Tanzanie]] '''Afrique australe''' : [[Afrique du Sud]]&nbsp;· [[Angola]]&nbsp;· [[Botswana]]&nbsp;· [[Union des Comores|Comores]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Lesotho]]&nbsp;· [[Madagascar]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Malawi]]&nbsp;· [[Maurice (pays)|Maurice]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Mozambique]]&nbsp;· [[Namibie]]&nbsp;· [[Swaziland]]&nbsp;· [[Zambie]]&nbsp;· [[Zimbabwe]] |- align="center" style="font-size: 90%;" | style="border-top: 1px solid #8888aa;" | '''Autres entités politiques''' : [[Sahara occidental]]&nbsp;{{4}}&nbsp;· [[Somaliland]] <small><span style="white-space:nowrap;">{{1}} partiellement africain&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">{{2}} pays insulaire&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">{{3}} non membre de l'[[Union Africaine]]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">{{4}} pas reconnu par l'ensemble de la communauté internationale mais membre de l'Union Africaine</span></small> |} 5335 2005-07-18T00:01:08Z Themalau 22 <br clear="all"/> {| align="center" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top: 2em; width: 80%; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em" |- bgcolor="#ccccff" | align="center" | '''[[Bikolo ya Molongo|Bikolo]] ya [[Afrika]]''' |- align="center" style="font-size: 90%;" | '''Bikolo ya Afrika ya méditeranéa''' : [[Algérie]]&nbsp;· [[Égypte]]&nbsp;{{1}}&nbsp;· [[Libye]]&nbsp;· [[Maroc]]&nbsp;{{3}}&nbsp;· [[Tunisie]] '''Bikolo ya Afrika ya Weste''' : [[Bénin]]&nbsp;· [[Burkina Faso]]&nbsp;· [[Cap-Vert]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Côte d'Ivoire]]&nbsp;· [[Gambie]]&nbsp;· [[Ghana]]&nbsp;· [[Guinée]]&nbsp;· [[Guinée-Bissau]]&nbsp;· [[Liberia]]&nbsp;· [[Mali]]&nbsp;· [[Mauritanie]]&nbsp;· [[Niger]]&nbsp;· [[Nigeria]]&nbsp;· [[Sénégal]]&nbsp;· [[Sierra Leone]]&nbsp;· [[Togo]] '''Bikolo ya Afrika ya Katikati''' : [[Cameroun]]&nbsp;· [[République centrafricaine]]&nbsp;· [[République du Congo]]&nbsp;· [[République démocratique du Congo]]&nbsp;· [[Gabon]]&nbsp;· [[Guinée équatoriale]]&nbsp;· [[São Tomé-et-Príncipe]]&nbsp;· [[Tchad]] '''Bikolo ya Afrika ya Este''' : [[Burundi]]&nbsp;· [[Djibouti]]&nbsp;· [[Érythrée]]&nbsp;· [[Éthiopie]]&nbsp;· [[Kenya]]&nbsp;· [[Ouganda]]&nbsp;· [[Rwanda]]&nbsp;· [[Seychelles]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Somalie]]&nbsp;· [[Soudan]]&nbsp;· [[Tanzanie]] '''Bikolo ya Afrika ya Sidi''' : [[Afrique du Sud]]&nbsp;· [[Angola]]&nbsp;· [[Botswana]]&nbsp;· [[Lisanga ya ba Komori|Komori]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Lesoto]]&nbsp;· [[Madagasikari]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Malawi]]&nbsp;· [[Morisi]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Mozambiki]]&nbsp;· [[Namibiya]]&nbsp;· [[Swaziland]]&nbsp;· [[Zambiya]]&nbsp;· [[Zimbabwe]] |- align="center" style="font-size: 90%;" | style="border-top: 1px solid #8888aa;" | '''Bikolo mosusus''' : [[Sahara occidental]]&nbsp;{{4}}&nbsp;· [[Somaliland]] <small><span style="white-space:nowrap;">{{1}} ezali kaka eteni ya Afrika ndambo&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">{{2}} ekolo oyo ekutani okati ya mayi-mozindo&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">{{3}} ezali eteni ya [[Lisanga ya Afrika]] te&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">{{4}} endimami na bikolo nionso ya molongo te, kasi ezali eteni ya [[Lisanga ya Afrika]]</span></small> |} 5336 2005-07-18T00:06:53Z Themalau 22 <br clear="all"/> {| align="center" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top: 2em; width: 80%; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em" |- bgcolor="#ccccff" | align="center" | '''[[Bikolo ya Molongo|Bikolo]] ya [[Afrika]]''' |- align="center" style="font-size: 90%;" | '''Bikolo ya Afrika ya méditeranéa''' : [[Algérie]]&nbsp;· [[Égypte]]&nbsp;{{1}}&nbsp;· [[Libye]]&nbsp;· [[Maroc]]&nbsp;{{3}}&nbsp;· [[Tunisie]] '''Bikolo ya Afrika ya Weste''' : [[Bénin]]&nbsp;· [[Burkina Faso]]&nbsp;· [[Cap-Vert]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Côte d'Ivoire]]&nbsp;· [[Gambie]]&nbsp;· [[Ghana]]&nbsp;· [[Guinée]]&nbsp;· [[Guinée-Bissau]]&nbsp;· [[Liberia]]&nbsp;· [[Mali]]&nbsp;· [[Mauritanie]]&nbsp;· [[Niger]]&nbsp;· [[Nigeria]]&nbsp;· [[Sénégal]]&nbsp;· [[Sierra Leone]]&nbsp;· [[Togo]] '''Bikolo ya Afrika ya Katikati''' : [[Kamerun]]&nbsp;· [[Repubiliki ya Santrafrika]]&nbsp;· [[Kongo-BrazzavilleRepubiliki ya Kongo]]&nbsp;· [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kongo Demokratiki]]&nbsp;· [[Gabo]]&nbsp;· [[Guiné equatoriale]]&nbsp;· [[São Tomé-na-Príncipe]]&nbsp;· [[Tshadi]] '''Bikolo ya Afrika ya Este''' : [[Burundi]]&nbsp;· [[Djibuti]]&nbsp;· [[Éritré]]&nbsp;· [[Étiopi]]&nbsp;· [[Kenya]]&nbsp;· [[Uganda]]&nbsp;· [[Rwanda]]&nbsp;· [[Seishele]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Somalia]]&nbsp;· [[Sudan]]&nbsp;· [[Tanzania]] '''Bikolo ya Afrika ya Sidi''' : [[Sidafrica]]&nbsp;· [[Angola]]&nbsp;· [[Botswana]]&nbsp;· [[Lisanga ya ba Komori|Komori]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Lesoto]]&nbsp;· [[Madagasikari]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Malawi]]&nbsp;· [[Morisi]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Mozambiki]]&nbsp;· [[Namibia]]&nbsp;· [[Swaziland]]&nbsp;· [[Zambia]]&nbsp;· [[Zimbabwe]] |- align="center" style="font-size: 90%;" | style="border-top: 1px solid #8888aa;" | '''Bikolo mosusus''' : [[Sahara occidental]]&nbsp;{{4}}&nbsp;· [[Somaliland]] <small><span style="white-space:nowrap;">{{1}} ezali kaka eteni ya Afrika ndambo&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">{{2}} ekolo oyo ekutani okati ya mayi-mozindo&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">{{3}} ezali eteni ya [[Lisanga ya Afrika]] te&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">{{4}} endimami na bikolo nionso ya molongo te, kasi ezali eteni ya [[Lisanga ya Afrika]]</span></small> |} 5355 2005-07-18T01:14:02Z Themalau 22 <br clear="all"/> {| align="center" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top: 2em; width: 80%; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em" |- bgcolor="#ccccff" | align="center" | '''[[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé ya mokili|Bisé]] ya [[Afrika]]''' |- align="center" style="font-size: 90%;" | '''Bisé ya Afrika ya méditeranéa''' : [[Algérie]]&nbsp;· [[Égypte]]&nbsp;{{1}}&nbsp;· [[Libye]]&nbsp;· [[Maroc]]&nbsp;{{3}}&nbsp;· [[Tunisie]] '''Bisé ya Afrika ya Weste''' : [[Bénin]]&nbsp;· [[Burkina Faso]]&nbsp;· [[Cap-Vert]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Côte d'Ivoire]]&nbsp;· [[Gambie]]&nbsp;· [[Ghana]]&nbsp;· [[Guinée]]&nbsp;· [[Guinée-Bissau]]&nbsp;· [[Liberia]]&nbsp;· [[Mali]]&nbsp;· [[Mauritanie]]&nbsp;· [[Niger]]&nbsp;· [[Nigeria]]&nbsp;· [[Sénégal]]&nbsp;· [[Sierra Leone]]&nbsp;· [[Togo]] '''Bisé ya Afrika ya Katikati''' : [[Kamerun]]&nbsp;· [[Repubiliki ya Santrafrika]]&nbsp;· [[Kongo-BrazzavilleRepubiliki ya Kongo]]&nbsp;· [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kongo Demokratiki]]&nbsp;· [[Gabo]]&nbsp;· [[Guiné equatoriale]]&nbsp;· [[São Tomé-na-Príncipe]]&nbsp;· [[Tshadi]] '''Bisé ya Afrika ya Este''' : [[Burundi]]&nbsp;· [[Djibuti]]&nbsp;· [[Éritré]]&nbsp;· [[Étiopi]]&nbsp;· [[Kenya]]&nbsp;· [[Uganda]]&nbsp;· [[Rwanda]]&nbsp;· [[Seishele]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Somalia]]&nbsp;· [[Sudan]]&nbsp;· [[Tanzania]] '''Bisé ya Afrika ya Sidi''' : [[Sidafrica]]&nbsp;· [[Angola]]&nbsp;· [[Botswana]]&nbsp;· [[Lisanga ya ba Komori|Komori]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Lesoto]]&nbsp;· [[Madagasikari]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Malawi]]&nbsp;· [[Morisi]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Mozambiki]]&nbsp;· [[Namibia]]&nbsp;· [[Swaziland]]&nbsp;· [[Zambia]]&nbsp;· [[Zimbabwe]] |- align="center" style="font-size: 90%;" | style="border-top: 1px solid #8888aa;" | '''Bisé mosusu''' : [[Sahara occidental]]&nbsp;{{4}}&nbsp;· [[Somaliland]] <small><span style="white-space:nowrap;">{{1}} ezali kaka eteni ya Afrika ndambo&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">{{2}} ekolo oyo ekutani okati ya mayi-mozindo&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">{{3}} ezali eteni ya [[Lisanga ya Afrika]] te&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">{{4}} endimami na bikolo nionso ya molongo te, kasi ezali eteni ya [[Lisanga ya Afrika]]</span></small> |} 5360 2005-07-18T01:24:08Z Themalau 22 <br clear="all"/> {| align="center" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top: 2em; width: 80%; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em" |- bgcolor="#ccccff" | align="center" | '''[[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé ya mokili|Bisé]] ya [[Afrika]]''' |- align="center" style="font-size: 90%;" | '''Bisé ya Afrika ya méditeranéa''' : [[Aljeria]]&nbsp;· [[Égypte]]&nbsp;{{1}}&nbsp;· [[Libîya]]&nbsp;· [[Maroc]]&nbsp;{{3}}&nbsp;· [[Tunisia]] '''Bisé ya Afrika ya Weste''' : [[Bénin]]&nbsp;· [[Burkina Faso]]&nbsp;· [[Cap-Vert]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Côte d'Ivoire]]&nbsp;· [[Gambie]]&nbsp;· [[Ghana]]&nbsp;· [[Guinée]]&nbsp;· [[Guinée-Bissau]]&nbsp;· [[Liberia]]&nbsp;· [[Mali]]&nbsp;· [[Mauritanie]]&nbsp;· [[Niger]]&nbsp;· [[Nigeria]]&nbsp;· [[Sénégal]]&nbsp;· [[Sierra Leone]]&nbsp;· [[Togo]] '''Bisé ya Afrika ya Katikati''' : [[Kamerun]]&nbsp;· [[Repubiliki ya Santrafrika]]&nbsp;· [[Kongo-BrazzavilleRepubiliki ya Kongo]]&nbsp;· [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kongo Demokratiki]]&nbsp;· [[Gabon]]&nbsp;· [[Gine-Ekwatorial]]&nbsp;· [[São Tomé-na-Príncipe]]&nbsp;· [[Tshadi]] '''Bisé ya Afrika ya Este''' : [[Burundi]]&nbsp;· [[Djibuti]]&nbsp;· [[Elitré]]&nbsp;· [[Etiopi]]&nbsp;· [[Kenya]]&nbsp;· [[Uganda]]&nbsp;· [[Rwanda]]&nbsp;· [[Seyshel]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Somalia]]&nbsp;· [[Sudan]]&nbsp;· [[Tanzania]] '''Bisé ya Afrika ya Sidi''' : [[Sidafrica]]&nbsp;· [[Angola]]&nbsp;· [[Botswana]]&nbsp;· [[Lisanga ya ba Komori|Komori]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Lesoto]]&nbsp;· [[Madagasikari]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Malawi]]&nbsp;· [[Morisi]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Mozambiki]]&nbsp;· [[Namibia]]&nbsp;· [[Swaziland]]&nbsp;· [[Zambia]]&nbsp;· [[Zimbabwe]] |- align="center" style="font-size: 90%;" | style="border-top: 1px solid #8888aa;" | '''Bisé mosusu''' : [[Sahara occidental]]&nbsp;{{4}}&nbsp;· [[Somaliland]] <small><span style="white-space:nowrap;">{{1}} ezali kaka eteni ya Afrika ndambo&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">{{2}} ekolo oyo ekutani okati ya mayi-mozindo&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">{{3}} ezali eteni ya [[Lisanga ya Afrika]] te&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">{{4}} endimami na bikolo nionso ya molongo te, kasi ezali eteni ya [[Lisanga ya Afrika]]</span></small> |} 5886 2005-07-31T12:54:46Z Moyogo 11 Template:Pays d'Afrique moved to Template:Bisé ya Afrika <br clear="all"/> {| align="center" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top: 2em; width: 80%; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em" |- bgcolor="#ccccff" | align="center" | '''[[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé ya mokili|Bisé]] ya [[Afrika]]''' |- align="center" style="font-size: 90%;" | '''Bisé ya Afrika ya méditeranéa''' : [[Aljeria]]&nbsp;· [[Égypte]]&nbsp;{{1}}&nbsp;· [[Libîya]]&nbsp;· [[Maroc]]&nbsp;{{3}}&nbsp;· [[Tunisia]] '''Bisé ya Afrika ya Weste''' : [[Bénin]]&nbsp;· [[Burkina Faso]]&nbsp;· [[Cap-Vert]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Côte d'Ivoire]]&nbsp;· [[Gambie]]&nbsp;· [[Ghana]]&nbsp;· [[Guinée]]&nbsp;· [[Guinée-Bissau]]&nbsp;· [[Liberia]]&nbsp;· [[Mali]]&nbsp;· [[Mauritanie]]&nbsp;· [[Niger]]&nbsp;· [[Nigeria]]&nbsp;· [[Sénégal]]&nbsp;· [[Sierra Leone]]&nbsp;· [[Togo]] '''Bisé ya Afrika ya Katikati''' : [[Kamerun]]&nbsp;· [[Repubiliki ya Santrafrika]]&nbsp;· [[Kongo-BrazzavilleRepubiliki ya Kongo]]&nbsp;· [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kongo Demokratiki]]&nbsp;· [[Gabon]]&nbsp;· [[Gine-Ekwatorial]]&nbsp;· [[São Tomé-na-Príncipe]]&nbsp;· [[Tshadi]] '''Bisé ya Afrika ya Este''' : [[Burundi]]&nbsp;· [[Djibuti]]&nbsp;· [[Elitré]]&nbsp;· [[Etiopi]]&nbsp;· [[Kenya]]&nbsp;· [[Uganda]]&nbsp;· [[Rwanda]]&nbsp;· [[Seyshel]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Somalia]]&nbsp;· [[Sudan]]&nbsp;· [[Tanzania]] '''Bisé ya Afrika ya Sidi''' : [[Sidafrica]]&nbsp;· [[Angola]]&nbsp;· [[Botswana]]&nbsp;· [[Lisanga ya ba Komori|Komori]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Lesoto]]&nbsp;· [[Madagasikari]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Malawi]]&nbsp;· [[Morisi]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Mozambiki]]&nbsp;· [[Namibia]]&nbsp;· [[Swaziland]]&nbsp;· [[Zambia]]&nbsp;· [[Zimbabwe]] |- align="center" style="font-size: 90%;" | style="border-top: 1px solid #8888aa;" | '''Bisé mosusu''' : [[Sahara occidental]]&nbsp;{{4}}&nbsp;· [[Somaliland]] <small><span style="white-space:nowrap;">{{1}} ezali kaka eteni ya Afrika ndambo&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">{{2}} ekolo oyo ekutani okati ya mayi-mozindo&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">{{3}} ezali eteni ya [[Lisanga ya Afrika]] te&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">{{4}} endimami na bikolo nionso ya molongo te, kasi ezali eteni ya [[Lisanga ya Afrika]]</span></small> |} 7187 2005-12-04T21:42:02Z Moyogo 11 <br clear="all"/> {| align="center" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top: 2em; width: 80%; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em" |- bgcolor="#ccccff" | align="center" | '''[[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé ya mokili|Bisé]] ya [[Afrika]]''' |- align="center" style="font-size: 90%;" | '''Bisé ya Afrika ya méditeranéa''' : [[Aljeria]]&nbsp;· [[Égypte]]&nbsp;{{1}}&nbsp;· [[Libîya]]&nbsp;· [[Maroc]]&nbsp;{{3}}&nbsp;· [[Tunisia]] '''Bisé ya Afrika ya Weste''' : [[Bénin]]&nbsp;· [[Burkina Faso]]&nbsp;· [[Cap-Vert]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Côte d'Ivoire]]&nbsp;· [[Gambie]]&nbsp;· [[Ghana]]&nbsp;· [[Guinée]]&nbsp;· [[Guinée-Bissau]]&nbsp;· [[Liberia]]&nbsp;· [[Mali]]&nbsp;· [[Mauritanie]]&nbsp;· [[Niger]]&nbsp;· [[Nigeria]]&nbsp;· [[Sénégal]]&nbsp;· [[Sierra Leone]]&nbsp;· [[Togo]] '''Bisé ya Afrika ya Katikati''' : [[Kamerun]]&nbsp;· [[Repubiliki ya Santrafrika]]&nbsp;· [[Kongo-BrazzavilleRepubiliki ya Kongo]]&nbsp;· [[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]&nbsp;· [[Gabon]]&nbsp;· [[Gine-Ekwatorial]]&nbsp;· [[São Tomé-na-Príncipe]]&nbsp;· [[Tshadi]] '''Bisé ya Afrika ya Este''' : [[Burundi]]&nbsp;· [[Djibuti]]&nbsp;· [[Elitré]]&nbsp;· [[Etiopi]]&nbsp;· [[Kenya]]&nbsp;· [[Uganda]]&nbsp;· [[Rwanda]]&nbsp;· [[Seyshel]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Somalia]]&nbsp;· [[Sudan]]&nbsp;· [[Tanzania]] '''Bisé ya Afrika ya Sidi''' : [[Sidafrica]]&nbsp;· [[Angola]]&nbsp;· [[Botswana]]&nbsp;· [[Lisanga ya ba Komori|Komori]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Lesoto]]&nbsp;· [[Madagasikari]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Malawi]]&nbsp;· [[Morisi]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Mozambiki]]&nbsp;· [[Namibia]]&nbsp;· [[Swaziland]]&nbsp;· [[Zambia]]&nbsp;· [[Zimbabwe]] |- align="center" style="font-size: 90%;" | style="border-top: 1px solid #8888aa;" | '''Bisé mosusu''' : [[Sahara occidental]]&nbsp;{{4}}&nbsp;· [[Somaliland]] <small><span style="white-space:nowrap;">{{1}} ezali kaka eteni ya Afrika ndambo&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">{{2}} ekolo oyo ekutani okati ya mayi-mozindo&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">{{3}} ezali eteni ya [[Lisanga ya Afrika]] te&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">{{4}} endimami na bikolo nionso ya molongo te, kasi ezali eteni ya [[Lisanga ya Afrika]]</span></small> |} 7583 2006-01-10T01:57:14Z Moyogo 11 <br clear="all"/> {| align="center" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top: 2em; width: 80%; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em" |- bgcolor="#ccccff" | align="center" | '''[[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé ya mokili|Bisé]] ya [[Afrika]]''' |- align="center" style="font-size: 90%;" | '''Bisé ya Afrika ya méditeranéa''' : [[Aljeria]]&nbsp;· [[Égypte]]&nbsp;{{1}}&nbsp;· [[Libîya]]&nbsp;· [[Maroc]]&nbsp;{{3}}&nbsp;· [[Tunisia]] '''Bisé ya Afrika ya Weste''' : [[Bénin]]&nbsp;· [[Burkina Faso]]&nbsp;· [[Cap-Vert]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Côte d'Ivoire]]&nbsp;· [[Gambie]]&nbsp;· [[Ghana]]&nbsp;· [[Guinée]]&nbsp;· [[Guinée-Bissau]]&nbsp;· [[Liberia]]&nbsp;· [[Mali]]&nbsp;· [[Mauritanie]]&nbsp;· [[Niger]]&nbsp;· [[Nigeria]]&nbsp;· [[Sénégal]]&nbsp;· [[Sierra Leone]]&nbsp;· [[Togo]] '''Bisé ya Afrika ya Katikati''' : [[Kamerun]]&nbsp;· [[Repubiliki ya Santrafrika]]&nbsp;· [[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;· [[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]&nbsp;· [[Gabon]]&nbsp;· [[Gine-Ekwatorial]]&nbsp;· [[São Tomé-na-Príncipe]]&nbsp;· [[Tshadi]] '''Bisé ya Afrika ya Este''' : [[Burundi]]&nbsp;· [[Djibuti]]&nbsp;· [[Elitré]]&nbsp;· [[Etiopi]]&nbsp;· [[Kenya]]&nbsp;· [[Uganda]]&nbsp;· [[Rwanda]]&nbsp;· [[Seyshel]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Somalia]]&nbsp;· [[Sudan]]&nbsp;· [[Tanzania]] '''Bisé ya Afrika ya Sidi''' : [[Sidafrica]]&nbsp;· [[Angola]]&nbsp;· [[Botswana]]&nbsp;· [[Lisanga ya ba Komori|Komori]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Lesoto]]&nbsp;· [[Madagasikari]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Malawi]]&nbsp;· [[Morisi]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Mozambiki]]&nbsp;· [[Namibia]]&nbsp;· [[Swaziland]]&nbsp;· [[Zambia]]&nbsp;· [[Zimbabwe]] |- align="center" style="font-size: 90%;" | style="border-top: 1px solid #8888aa;" | '''Bisé mosusu''' : [[Sahara occidental]]&nbsp;{{4}}&nbsp;· [[Somaliland]] <small><span style="white-space:nowrap;">{{1}} ezali kaka eteni ya Afrika ndambo&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">{{2}} ekolo oyo ekutani okati ya mayi-mozindo&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">{{3}} ezali eteni ya [[Lisanga ya Afrika]] te&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">{{4}} endimami na bikolo nionso ya molongo te, kasi ezali eteni ya [[Lisanga ya Afrika]]</span></small> |} 8332 2006-05-31T14:52:50Z Moyogo 11 <br clear="all"/> {| align="center" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top: 2em; width: 80%; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em" |- bgcolor="#ccccff" | align="center" | '''[[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé ya mokili|Bisé]] ya [[Afrika]]''' |- align="center" style="font-size: 90%;" | '''Bisé ya Afrika ya méditeranéa''' : [[Aljeria]]&nbsp;· [[Égypte]]&nbsp;{{1}}&nbsp;· [[Libîya]]&nbsp;· [[Maroc]]&nbsp;{{3}}&nbsp;· [[Tunisia]] '''Bisé ya Afrika ya Weste''' : [[Bénin]]&nbsp;· [[Burkina Faso]]&nbsp;· [[Cap-Vert]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Côte d'Ivoire]]&nbsp;· [[Gambie]]&nbsp;· [[Ghana]]&nbsp;· [[Guinée]]&nbsp;· [[Guinée-Bissau]]&nbsp;· [[Liberia]]&nbsp;· [[Mali]]&nbsp;· [[Mauritanie]]&nbsp;· [[Niger]]&nbsp;· [[Nigeria]]&nbsp;· [[Sénégal]]&nbsp;· [[Sierra Leone]]&nbsp;· [[Togo]] '''Bisé ya Afrika ya Katikati''' : [[Kamerun]]&nbsp;· [[Repubiliki ya Santrafrika]]&nbsp;· [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;· [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]&nbsp;· [[Gabon]]&nbsp;· [[Gine-Ekwatorial]]&nbsp;· [[São Tomé-na-Príncipe]]&nbsp;· [[Tshadi]] '''Bisé ya Afrika ya Este''' : [[Burundi]]&nbsp;· [[Djibuti]]&nbsp;· [[Elitré]]&nbsp;· [[Etiopi]]&nbsp;· [[Kenya]]&nbsp;· [[Uganda]]&nbsp;· [[Rwanda]]&nbsp;· [[Seyshel]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Somalia]]&nbsp;· [[Sudan]]&nbsp;· [[Tanzania]] '''Bisé ya Afrika ya Sidi''' : [[Sidafrica]]&nbsp;· [[Angola]]&nbsp;· [[Botswana]]&nbsp;· [[Lisanga ya ba Komori|Komori]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Lesoto]]&nbsp;· [[Madagasikari]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Malawi]]&nbsp;· [[Morisi]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Mozambiki]]&nbsp;· [[Namibia]]&nbsp;· [[Swaziland]]&nbsp;· [[Zambia]]&nbsp;· [[Zimbabwe]] |- align="center" style="font-size: 90%;" | style="border-top: 1px solid #8888aa;" | '''Bisé mosusu''' : [[Sahara occidental]]&nbsp;{{4}}&nbsp;· [[Somaliland]] <small><span style="white-space:nowrap;">{{1}} ezali kaka eteni ya Afrika ndambo&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">{{2}} ekolo oyo ekutani okati ya mayi-mozindo&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">{{3}} ezali eteni ya [[Lisanga ya Afrika]] te&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">{{4}} endimami na bikolo nionso ya molongo te, kasi ezali eteni ya [[Lisanga ya Afrika]]</span></small> |} 9538 2006-10-22T13:30:10Z Bombo 12 Ejipte <br clear="all"/> {| align="center" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top: 2em; width: 80%; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em" |- bgcolor="#ccccff" | align="center" | '''[[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé ya mokili|Bisé]] ya [[Afrika]]''' |- align="center" style="font-size: 90%;" | '''Bisé ya Afrika ya méditeranéa''' : [[Aljeria]]&nbsp;· [[Ejipte]]&nbsp;{{1}}&nbsp;· [[Libîya]]&nbsp;· [[Maroc]]&nbsp;{{3}}&nbsp;· [[Tunisia]] '''Bisé ya Afrika ya Weste''' : [[Bénin]]&nbsp;· [[Burkina Faso]]&nbsp;· [[Cap-Vert]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Côte d'Ivoire]]&nbsp;· [[Gambie]]&nbsp;· [[Ghana]]&nbsp;· [[Guinée]]&nbsp;· [[Guinée-Bissau]]&nbsp;· [[Liberia]]&nbsp;· [[Mali]]&nbsp;· [[Mauritanie]]&nbsp;· [[Niger]]&nbsp;· [[Nigeria]]&nbsp;· [[Sénégal]]&nbsp;· [[Sierra Leone]]&nbsp;· [[Togo]] '''Bisé ya Afrika ya Katikati''' : [[Kamerun]]&nbsp;· [[Repubiliki ya Santrafrika]]&nbsp;· [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;· [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]&nbsp;· [[Gabon]]&nbsp;· [[Gine-Ekwatorial]]&nbsp;· [[São Tomé-na-Príncipe]]&nbsp;· [[Tshadi]] '''Bisé ya Afrika ya Este''' : [[Burundi]]&nbsp;· [[Djibuti]]&nbsp;· [[Elitré]]&nbsp;· [[Etiopi]]&nbsp;· [[Kenya]]&nbsp;· [[Uganda]]&nbsp;· [[Rwanda]]&nbsp;· [[Seyshel]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Somalia]]&nbsp;· [[Sudan]]&nbsp;· [[Tanzania]] '''Bisé ya Afrika ya Sidi''' : [[Sidafrica]]&nbsp;· [[Angola]]&nbsp;· [[Botswana]]&nbsp;· [[Lisanga ya ba Komori|Komori]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Lesoto]]&nbsp;· [[Madagasikari]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Malawi]]&nbsp;· [[Morisi]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Mozambiki]]&nbsp;· [[Namibia]]&nbsp;· [[Swaziland]]&nbsp;· [[Zambia]]&nbsp;· [[Zimbabwe]] |- align="center" style="font-size: 90%;" | style="border-top: 1px solid #8888aa;" | '''Bisé mosusu''' : [[Sahara occidental]]&nbsp;{{4}}&nbsp;· [[Somaliland]] <small><span style="white-space:nowrap;">{{1}} ezali kaka eteni ya Afrika ndambo&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">{{2}} ekolo oyo ekutani okati ya mayi-mozindo&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">{{3}} ezali eteni ya [[Lisanga ya Afrika]] te&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">{{4}} endimami na bikolo nionso ya molongo te, kasi ezali eteni ya [[Lisanga ya Afrika]]</span></small> |} 9804 2006-11-19T07:56:31Z Moyogo 11 [[Template:Bisé ya Afrika]] moved to [[Template:Bisé ya Afríka]]: Afríka <br clear="all"/> {| align="center" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top: 2em; width: 80%; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em" |- bgcolor="#ccccff" | align="center" | '''[[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé ya mokili|Bisé]] ya [[Afrika]]''' |- align="center" style="font-size: 90%;" | '''Bisé ya Afrika ya méditeranéa''' : [[Aljeria]]&nbsp;· [[Ejipte]]&nbsp;{{1}}&nbsp;· [[Libîya]]&nbsp;· [[Maroc]]&nbsp;{{3}}&nbsp;· [[Tunisia]] '''Bisé ya Afrika ya Weste''' : [[Bénin]]&nbsp;· [[Burkina Faso]]&nbsp;· [[Cap-Vert]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Côte d'Ivoire]]&nbsp;· [[Gambie]]&nbsp;· [[Ghana]]&nbsp;· [[Guinée]]&nbsp;· [[Guinée-Bissau]]&nbsp;· [[Liberia]]&nbsp;· [[Mali]]&nbsp;· [[Mauritanie]]&nbsp;· [[Niger]]&nbsp;· [[Nigeria]]&nbsp;· [[Sénégal]]&nbsp;· [[Sierra Leone]]&nbsp;· [[Togo]] '''Bisé ya Afrika ya Katikati''' : [[Kamerun]]&nbsp;· [[Repubiliki ya Santrafrika]]&nbsp;· [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;· [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]&nbsp;· [[Gabon]]&nbsp;· [[Gine-Ekwatorial]]&nbsp;· [[São Tomé-na-Príncipe]]&nbsp;· [[Tshadi]] '''Bisé ya Afrika ya Este''' : [[Burundi]]&nbsp;· [[Djibuti]]&nbsp;· [[Elitré]]&nbsp;· [[Etiopi]]&nbsp;· [[Kenya]]&nbsp;· [[Uganda]]&nbsp;· [[Rwanda]]&nbsp;· [[Seyshel]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Somalia]]&nbsp;· [[Sudan]]&nbsp;· [[Tanzania]] '''Bisé ya Afrika ya Sidi''' : [[Sidafrica]]&nbsp;· [[Angola]]&nbsp;· [[Botswana]]&nbsp;· [[Lisanga ya ba Komori|Komori]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Lesoto]]&nbsp;· [[Madagasikari]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Malawi]]&nbsp;· [[Morisi]]&nbsp;{{2}}&nbsp;· [[Mozambiki]]&nbsp;· [[Namibia]]&nbsp;· [[Swaziland]]&nbsp;· [[Zambia]]&nbsp;· [[Zimbabwe]] |- align="center" style="font-size: 90%;" | style="border-top: 1px solid #8888aa;" | '''Bisé mosusu''' : [[Sahara occidental]]&nbsp;{{4}}&nbsp;· [[Somaliland]] <small><span style="white-space:nowrap;">{{1}} ezali kaka eteni ya Afrika ndambo&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">{{2}} ekolo oyo ekutani okati ya mayi-mozindo&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">{{3}} ezali eteni ya [[Lisanga ya Afrika]] te&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">{{4}} endimami na bikolo nionso ya molongo te, kasi ezali eteni ya [[Lisanga ya Afrika]]</span></small> |} Template:1 1586 5331 2005-07-17T23:44:54Z 199.8.238.219 <small><sup>1</sup></small> Template:2 1587 5332 2005-07-17T23:45:27Z 199.8.238.219 <small><sup>2</sup></small> Template:3 1588 5333 2005-07-17T23:45:48Z 199.8.238.219 <small><sup>3</sup></small> Template:4 1589 5334 2005-07-17T23:46:06Z 199.8.238.219 <small><sup>4</sup></small> Mbóka-mokonzi 1590 5343 2005-07-18T00:33:48Z Themalau 22 '''Engumba-mokonzi'''''Italic text'' ya ekolo moko, ezali engumba esika ekutanemi bulamatari ya [[ekolo]] ena. Ekoki mpe kosalema tee ba provinsi, to biteni ya ndenge na ndenge okati ya ekolo moko, bizala na bingumba mikonzi na bango. [[en:capital city]] [[fr:capitale]] {{ndambo}} 5344 2005-07-18T00:34:19Z Themalau 22 '''Engumba-mokonzi''' ya ekolo moko, ezali engumba esika ekutanemi bulamatari ya [[ekolo]] ena. Ekoki mpe kosalema tee ba provinsi, to biteni ya ndenge na ndenge okati ya ekolo moko, bizala na bingumba mikonzi na bango. [[en:capital city]] [[fr:capitale]] {{ndambo}} 5345 2005-07-18T00:34:44Z Themalau 22 '''''Engumba-mokonzi''''' ya ekolo moko, ezali engumba esika ekutanemi bulamatari ya [[ekolo]] ena. Ekoki mpe kosalema tee ba provinsi, to biteni ya ndenge na ndenge okati ya ekolo moko, bizala na bingumba mikonzi na bango. [[en:capital city]] [[fr:capitale]] {{ndambo}} 5346 2005-07-18T00:40:36Z Themalau 22 '''''Engumba-mokonzi''''' ya ekolo moko, ezali engumba esika ekutanemi bulamatari ya [[ekolo]] ena. i.e: ''[[Kinshasa]]'' ezali engumba-mokonzi ya ''[[Kongo-Kinshasa]]''. Ekoki mpe kosalema tee ba provinsi, to biteni ya ndenge na ndenge okati ya ekolo moko, bizala na bingumba mikonzi na bango. i.e: [[Durban]] ezali engumba-mokonzi ya [[Kwazulu-Natal]], o ekolo ya Afrique du Sud. [[en:capital city]] [[fr:capitale]] [[es:capital]] {{ndambo}} 5347 2005-07-18T00:41:11Z Themalau 22 '''''Engumba-mokonzi''''' ya ekolo moko, ezali engumba esika ekutanemi bulamatari ya [[ekolo]] ena. i.e: ''[[Kinshasa]]'' ezali engumba-mokonzi ya ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]''. Ekoki mpe kosalema tee ba provinsi, to biteni ya ndenge na ndenge okati ya ekolo moko, bizala na bingumba mikonzi na bango. i.e: [[Durban]] ezali engumba-mokonzi ya [[Kwazulu-Natal]], o ekolo ya Afrique du Sud. [[en:capital city]] [[fr:capitale]] [[es:capital]] {{ndambo}} 7349 2005-12-14T09:09:03Z Bombo 12 cat '''''Engumba-mokonzi''''' ya ekolo moko, ezali engumba esika ekutanemi bulamatari ya [[ekolo]] ena. i.e: ''[[Kinshasa]]'' ezali engumba-mokonzi ya ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]''. Ekoki mpe kosalema tee ba provinsi, to biteni ya ndenge na ndenge okati ya ekolo moko, bizala na bingumba mikonzi na bango. i.e: [[Durban]] ezali engumba-mokonzi ya [[Kwazulu-Natal]], o ekolo ya Afrique du Sud. [[category:Leta]] [[en:capital city]] [[fr:capitale]] [[es:capital]] {{ndambo}} 7513 2006-01-06T03:06:07Z Moyogo 11 [[Engumba mokonzi]] moved to [[Mbóka-mokonzi]] '''''Engumba-mokonzi''''' ya ekolo moko, ezali engumba esika ekutanemi bulamatari ya [[ekolo]] ena. i.e: ''[[Kinshasa]]'' ezali engumba-mokonzi ya ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]''. Ekoki mpe kosalema tee ba provinsi, to biteni ya ndenge na ndenge okati ya ekolo moko, bizala na bingumba mikonzi na bango. i.e: [[Durban]] ezali engumba-mokonzi ya [[Kwazulu-Natal]], o ekolo ya Afrique du Sud. [[category:Leta]] [[en:capital city]] [[fr:capitale]] [[es:capital]] {{ndambo}} 7537 2006-01-06T08:34:06Z Moyogo 11 ortho '''Mbóka-mokonzi''' tǒ '''Engúmba-mokonzi''' ya ekólo mɔ̌kɔ́, ezalí engúmba esíká ekutanemí bulamatari ya [[ekólo]] êná. Ndakisa : ''[[Kinshasa]]'' ezalí mbóka-mokonzi ya ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]''. Ekoki mpé kosalema téé [[mbánzá]] yíké, tǒ biténi ya ndéngé na ndéngé o káti ya ekólo mɔ̌kɔ́, bizala na bingúmba-mikonzi na bangó. Ndakisa : [[Durban]] ezalí engúmba-mokonzí ya [[Kwazulu-Natal]], o ekólo ya Afrique du Sud. [[category:Lɛ́ta]] [[en:capital city]] [[fr:capitale]] [[es:capital]] {{ndámbo}} 10021 2006-12-20T18:03:53Z 152.1.193.141 '''Mbóka-mokonzi''' tǒ '''Engúmba-mokonzi''' ya ekólo mɔ̌kɔ́, ezalí engúmba esíká ekutanemí bulamatari ya [[ekólo]] êná. Ndakisa : ''[[Kinshasa]]'' ezalí mbóka-mokonzi ya ''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]''. Ekoki mpé kosalema téé [[mbánzá]] yíké, tǒ biténi ya ndéngé na ndéngé o káti ya ekólo mɔ̌kɔ́, bizala na bingúmba-mikonzi na bangó. Ndakisa : [[Durban]] ezalí engúmba-mokonzí ya [[Kwazulu-Natal]], o ekólo ya Afrique du Sud. [[category:Lɛ́ta]] [[en:capital city]] [[fr:capitale]] [[es:capital]] [[nl:hoofdstad]] {{ndámbo}} Santrafríka 1594 5357 2005-07-18T01:16:16Z Themalau 22 #REDIRECT:[[Bê Afríka]] Template:Babɛndɛ́lɛ ya bisé 1595 5367 2005-07-18T02:04:01Z Themalau 22 {| cellpadding="1" style="border: 1px solid #8888aa; background: #f7f8ff; padding: 5px; font-size: 95%; margin: 0 auto; text-align: center;" align="center" | style="background: #ccf;" | '''[[Ba B]]s''' |- | | [[Molongo ya ba bendele ya bise ya mokili]] | [[Molongo ya ba almwali ya bise ya mokili]] |} 5368 2005-07-18T02:05:47Z Themalau 22 {| cellpadding="1" style="border: 1px solid #8888aa; background: #f7f8ff; padding: 5px; font-size: 95%; margin: 0 auto; text-align: center;" align="center" | style="background: #ccf;" | '''[[Ba bendele ya bise]]''' |- | | [[Molongo ya ba bendele ya bise ya mokili]] | [[Molongo ya ba almwali ya bise ya mokili]] |} 5571 2005-07-24T00:53:31Z Themalau 22 {| cellpadding="1" style="border: 1px solid #8888aa; background: #f7f8ff; padding: 5px; font-size: 95%; margin: 0 auto; text-align: center;" align="center" | style="background: #ccf;" | '''[[Ba bɛndɛ́lɛ ya bisé]]''' |- | | [[Molongo ya ba bɛndɛ́lɛ ya bisé ya mokili]] | [[Molongo ya ba almwali ya bisé ya mokili]] |} 5889 2005-07-31T12:58:19Z Moyogo 11 ortho {| cellpadding="1" style="border: 1px solid #8888aa; background: #f7f8ff; padding: 5px; font-size: 95%; margin: 0 auto; text-align: center;" align="center" | style="background: #ccf;" | '''[[Babɛndɛ́lɛ ya bisé]]''' |- | | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya babɛndɛ́lɛ ya bisé ya mokili]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya baalmwali ya bisé ya mokili]] |} 5890 2005-07-31T12:58:48Z Moyogo 11 Template:Nationalflags moved to Template:Babɛndɛ́lɛ ya bisé {| cellpadding="1" style="border: 1px solid #8888aa; background: #f7f8ff; padding: 5px; font-size: 95%; margin: 0 auto; text-align: center;" align="center" | style="background: #ccf;" | '''[[Babɛndɛ́lɛ ya bisé]]''' |- | | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya babɛndɛ́lɛ ya bisé ya mokili]] | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya baalmwali ya bisé ya mokili]] |} Molongo ya ba almwali ya bise ya mokili 1596 5369 2005-07-18T02:09:32Z Themalau 22 {{Nationalflags}} __NOTOC__ {{compactTOC2}} ==A== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Afghanistan]] || [[Image:COA Afghanistan.png|120px]] |- | [[Albania]] || [[Image:Albania_state_emblem.png|120px|center]] |- | [[Algeria]] || [[Image:Algeria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Andorra]] || [[Image:Andorra_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Angola]] || [[Image:Coaofangola.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Antigua and Barbuda]] || [[Image:Antigua_and_barbuda_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Argentina]] || [[Image:Argentina_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Armenia]] || [[Image:Armenia-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Australia]] || [[Image:Aust Coat of Arms (large).jpg|120px]] |- | [[Austria]] || [[Image:Austria coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Azerbaijan]] || [[Image:Azerbaijan coa.png|120px|]] |- |} ==B== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Bahamas]] || [[Image:Bahamas_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bahrain]] || [[Image:Coa_bahrain_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Bangladesh]] || [[Image:Bangladesh_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Barbados]] || [[Image:Barbados_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Belarus]] || [[Image:Belarus_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Belgium]] || [[Image:Belgium_coat_of_arms_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Belize]] || [[Image:Belize_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Benin]] || [[Image:Benin.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bhutan]] || [[Image:Bhutan_emblem.png|120px]] |- | [[Bolivia]] || [[Image:BoliviaArms.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] || [[Image:Bosnia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Botswana]] || [[Image:Bostwanaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Brazil]] || [[Image:Brazil_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Brunei]] || [[Image:Bx-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bulgaria]] || [[Image:Bulgaria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Burkina Faso]] || [[Image:Burkinaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==C== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Cambodia]] || [[Image:Coa cambodia.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Cameroon]] || [[Image:Cameroon coa.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Canada]] || [[Image:Bigcancoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Cape Verde]] || [[Image:Capeverdearms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Central African Republic]] || [[Image:Centralaf22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Chad]] || [[Image:Chad_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Chile]] || [[Image:Shield_cl.gif|120px]] |- | [[People's Republic of China]] || [[Image:PRC coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Colombia]] || [[Image:Colombia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Comoros]] || [[Image:Comoros_coat_of_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] || [[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|120px]] |- | [[Republic of the Congo]] || [[Image:Congocofarms2.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Costa Rica]] || [[Image:CostaRica_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Côte d'Ivoire]] || [[Image:Coa cote d ivory.jpg||120px]] |- | [[Croatia]] || [[Image:Croatia_coat_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Cuba]] || [[Image:Cuba_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Cyprus]] || [[Image:Cyprus_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Czech Republic]] || [[Image:Czech_coatofarms.jpg|120px]] |} ==D== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Denmark]] || [[Image:The_small_Danish_Coat_of_Arms.jpg|120px]] |- |- | [[Dominica]] || [[Image:Dominica23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Dominican Republic]] || [[Image:Dominican_republic_coa.gif|120px]] |} ==E== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[East Timor]] || [[Image:East_timor_coa.png|120px|East Timor COA]] |- | [[Ecuador]] || [[Image:Ecuador COA.jpg|120px|Ecuador COA]] |- | [[Egypt]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Egypt.png|120px|Golden Eagle - Egypt Coat Of Arms]] |- | [[El Salvador]] || [[Image:El Salvador coa.gif|120px|El Salvador COA]] |- | [[Equatorial Guinea]] || [[Image:Equaarms22.PNG|120px|Equatorial Guinea COA]] |- |- | [[Estonia]] || [[Image:Estonia coat-of-arms.jpg|100px|120px|Estonia COA]] |- |} ==F== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Fiji]] || [[Image:Fij-coa.gif|120px]] |- | [[Finland]] || [[Image:Finland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[France]] || [[Image:Armoiries-fr.jpg|120px]] |- |} ==G== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Gabon]] || [[Image:Gabonarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[The Gambia]] || [[Image:Gambiaarms21.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] || [[Image:Georgian_COA.jpg|140px]] |- | [[Germany]] || [[Image:Bundesadler.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[Bundesadler]]'' (Federal Eagle)</small> |- | [[Ghana]] || [[Image:Ghanaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Greece]] || [[Image:Greece_coa.png|120px|Greece Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Grenada]] || [[Image:Grenadaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Guatemala]] || [[Image:GUAcoat.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Guernsey]] || [[Image:Guernsey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Guernsey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Guinea]] || [[Image:Guineaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Guinea-Bissau]] || [[Image:Coaguinea-bissau.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Guyana]] || [[Image:Guyana_coa.png|120px]] |} ==H== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Haiti]] || [[Image:Haiti_coat_of_arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Honduras]] || [[Image:Honduras_COA.gif|120px|Honduras COA]] |- | [[Hungary]] || [[Image:Hungary_COA.jpg|center|120px]] |} ==I== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Iceland]] || [[Image:ISLcoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[India]] || [[Image:EmblemofIndia-small.png|center]] |- | [[Indonesia]] || [[Image:Indonesiacoatofarms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Iran]] || [[Image:Iran_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Iraq]] || [[Image:Iraq-COA.png|120px]] |- | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] || [[Image:Ireland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Isle of Man]] || [[Image:Isle of Man Arms Small.png|120px|Isle of Man Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Israel]] || [[Image:Israel-coa-medium.png|120px]] |- | [[Italy]] || [[Image:Italian_coa.png|120px|Italian COA]] |} ==J== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Japan]] || [[Image:Japan_coa.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[National and Imperial Seal]]''</small> |- | [[Jersey]] || [[Image:Jersey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Jersey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Jordan]] || [[Image:Hashemitearms.jpg|120px|Coat of Arms of Jordan]] |} ==K== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Kazakhstan]] || [[image:Embelm_KZ.png|120px]] |- | [[Kiribati]] || [[Image:Kiribaticoa.gif|120px]] |- | [[North Korea]] || [[Image:North_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[South Korea]] || [[Image:South_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Kuwait]] || [[Image:KUW-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kyrgyzstan]] || [[Image:Kyrgyziarms.gif|120px]] |} ==L== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Laos]] || [[Image:Laos_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Latvia]] || [[Image:Latvijas lielais gerbonis.gif|140px]] |- | [[Lebanon]] || [[Image:Lebanese_COA.png|120px|Lebanese COA]] |- | [[Lesotho]] || [[Image:Lesothoarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Liberia]] || [[Image:Lib-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Libya]] || [[Image:Libyseal.gif|120px|Libya Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Liechtenstein]] || [[Image:Liechtenstein_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Lithuania]] || [[Image:Lithuanian_vytis.png|120px]] |- | [[Luxembourg]] || [[Image:Luxarms.gif|center|120px]] |} ==M== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| (Former Yugoslav) <br> [[Republic of Macedonia]] || [[Image:Grb.gif|120px|Macedonia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Madagascar]] || [[Image:Madagascar_COA.png|120px|Madagasar COA]] |- | [[Malawi]] || [[Image:Malawiarms20.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Malaysia]] || [[Image:Malaysia_Coat_of_Arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Maldives]] || [[Image:Maldives-emblem.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mali]] || [[Image:Maliarms22.PNG]] |- | [[Malta]] || [[Image:Malta_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Marshall Islands]] || [[Image:Marshall_Islands_COA.gif|120px|Marshall Islands COA]] |- | [[Mauritania]] || [[Image:maurarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Mauritius]] || [[Image:Mauritius_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mexico]] || [[Image:Mexico_coat_of_arms_(small).png|120px]] |- | [[Federated States of Micronesia]] || [[Image:Micronesie_COA.gif|120px|Micronesia COA]] |- | [[Moldova]] || [[Image:Mda_coa.gif|120px|Moldova Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Monaco]] || [[Image:Monaco_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mongolia]] || [[Image:Suld.gif|120px]] |- | [[Morocco]] || [[Image:morarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Mozambique]] || [[Image:Mozambique_COA.png|120px|Coat of arms of Mozambique]] |- | [[Myanmar]] || [[Image:Myanmar_COA.gif|120px|Coat of arms of Myanmar]] |} ==N== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Namibia]] || [[Image:Namibia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nauru]] || [[Image:Nauru_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nepal]] || [[Image:Nepal_COA.gif|120px|Nepal COA]] |- | [[Netherlands]] || [[Image:Arms_netherlands_small.gif|120px|Netherlands Coat of Arms]] |- | [[New Zealand]] || [[Image:New_zealand_coa.png|120px|New Zealand COA]] |- | [[Nicaragua]] || [[Image:Nicaragua-coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Niger]] || [[Image:Nigerarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Nigeria]] || [[Image:Nigeriaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Norway]] || [[Image:Norway_coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==O== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Oman]] || [[Image:Khanjar.gif|120px]] |} ==P== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Pakistan]] || [[Image:Pakarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Palau]] ||[http://www.bdarop.com/images/Officials/Executive/execseal.gif] This is the Exectutive<br> Seal, but is close in form<br> to the National Arms. |- | [[Panama]] || [[Image:Escudo_armas_Panama.PNG|120px|Panama COA]] |- | [[Papua New Guinea]] || [[Image:PapuaNewGuinea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Paraguay]] || [[Image:Paraguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Peru]] || [[Image:Coa_Peru.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Philippines]] || [[Image:Philippine_coat-of-arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Poland]] || [[Image:Herb Polski.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Poland]] |- | [[Portugal]] || [[Image:Portugal_coa.png|120px]] |} ==Q== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Qatar]] ||[http://www.qatarembassy.net/headerBanner.jpg] Seal is on left. |} ==R== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Romania]] || [[Image:Coa_romania.png|120px]] |- | [[Russia]] || [[Image:Russia_coa.png|120px]] |- |} ==S== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] || [[Image:skitts22.PNG|120px|Saint Kitts and Nevis: Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Saint Lucia]] || [[Image:St_lucia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] || [[Image:Svincent22.PNG|center|75px]] |- | [[Samoa]] || [[Image:Westasmarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[San Marino]] || [[Image:Smarino.jpg|120px]] |- | [[São Tomé and Príncipe]] || [[Image:Saoprinarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Saudi Arabia]] || [[Image:Saudi coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Scotland]] || [[Image:Scottish royal coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Senegal]] || [[Image:Senegal_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Serbia and Montenegro]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.png|120px|Serbia and Montenegro Caot of Arms]] |- | [[Seychelles]] || [[Image:Seychelles_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sierra Leone]] || [[Image:SLECOA.gif|120px|Sierra Leone Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Singapore]] || [[Image:Symbol_crest.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovakia]] || [[Image:Slovakia_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovenia]] || [[Image:Slovenia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Solomon Islands]] || [[Image:Solomon_Islands_coat_of_arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- |- | [[South Africa]] || [[Image:Za-coa.gif]] |- | [[Spain]] || [[Image:Spain_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sri Lanka]] || [[Image:Sri_lanka_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sudan]] || [[Image:Sudan_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Suriname]] || [[Image:Suriname_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Swaziland]] || [[Image:Swazicoa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sweden]] || [[Image:Sweden_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Switzerland]] || [[Image:Switzerland_CoA.png|120px]] |- | [[Syria]] || [[Image:Syrlogo.jpg|120px]] |} ==T== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| Taiwan ([[Republic of China]]) || [[Image:Republic_of_China_National_Emblem.png|120px|National Emblem of the Republic of China]] |- | [[Tajikistan]] || [[Image:Coa tajikistan.jpg|120px]] | [[Thailand]] || [[Image:Thailand_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Togo]] || [[Image:Togoarms22.PNG|center|120px]] |- | [[Tonga]] || [[Image:Tongaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Trinidad and Tobago]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms_Trinidad_and_Tobago.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tunisia]] || [[Image:Armes_tunisie.jpg|120px|Tunisia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Turkey]] || Turkey has no<br> recognized or <br>established<br> national coat<br> of arms |- | [[Turkmenistan]] || [[Image:Turkmenistan coa.jpg|120px|Turkmenistan Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Tuvalu]] || [[Image:Tuvalu-coa.jpg|120px]] |} ==U== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| | [[Ukraine]] || [[Image:Ukraine_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[United Arab Emirates]] || [[Image:NationalArmsofUAE.png|120px]] |- | [[United Kingdom]] || [[Image:UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[United States]] || [[Image:Great Seal of the US.png|120px|Great Seal of the U.S.]] |- | [[Uruguay]] || [[Image:Uruguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Uzbekistan]] || [[Image:Uzbekistan coa.png|120px|Uzbekistan Coat of Arms]] |} ==V== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Vanuatu]] || [[Image:Vanuatu_coat_of_arms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Vatican City]] || [[Image:Vatican_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Venezuela]] || [[Image:Venezuela_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Vietnam]] || [[Image:Viet-coa.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==W== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Western Sahara]] ([[Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic]]) || [[Image:Lambang_sahara_barat.png]] |- |} ==Y== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Yemen]] || [[Image:Yemencoa.jpg|120px]] |} ==Z== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Zambia]] || [[Image:Zambian_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px|center]] |- |} [[Category:National coats of arms|*]] [[it:Elenco di stemmi nazionali]] [[nl:Wapenschilden van de wereld]] [[pl:God&#322;a pa&#324;stw &#347;wiata]] [[sk:Gal&#233;ria &#353;t&#225;tnych znakov]] [[sv:Lista över riksvapen]] 5371 2005-07-18T02:16:07Z Themalau 22 {{Nationalflags}} __NOTOC__ {{compactTOC2}} ==A== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Afghanistan]] || [[Image:COA Afghanistan.png|120px]] |- | [[Albania]] || [[Image:Albania_state_emblem.png|120px|center]] |- | [[Algeria]] || [[Image:Algeria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Andorra]] || [[Image:Andorra_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Angola]] || [[Image:Coaofangola.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Antigua and Barbuda]] || [[Image:Antigua_and_barbuda_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Argentina]] || [[Image:Argentina_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Armenia]] || [[Image:Armenia-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Australia]] || [[Image:Aust Coat of Arms (large).jpg|120px]] |- | [[Austria]] || [[Image:Austria coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Azerbaijan]] || [[Image:Azerbaijan coa.png|120px|]] |- |} ==B== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Bahamas]] || [[Image:Bahamas_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bahrain]] || [[Image:Coa_bahrain_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Bangladesh]] || [[Image:Bangladesh_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Barbados]] || [[Image:Barbados_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Belarus]] || [[Image:Belarus_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Belgium]] || [[Image:Belgium_coat_of_arms_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Belize]] || [[Image:Belize_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Benin]] || [[Image:Benin.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bhutan]] || [[Image:Bhutan_emblem.png|120px]] |- | [[Bolivia]] || [[Image:BoliviaArms.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] || [[Image:Bosnia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Botswana]] || [[Image:Bostwanaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Brazil]] || [[Image:Brazil_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Brunei]] || [[Image:Bx-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bulgaria]] || [[Image:Bulgaria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Burkina Faso]] || [[Image:Burkinaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==C== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Cambodia]] || [[Image:Coa cambodia.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Cameroon]] || [[Image:Cameroon coa.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Canada]] || [[Image:Bigcancoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Cape Verde]] || [[Image:Capeverdearms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Central African Republic]] || [[Image:Centralaf22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Chad]] || [[Image:Chad_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Chile]] || [[Image:Shield_cl.gif|120px]] |- | [[People's Republic of China]] || [[Image:PRC coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Colombia]] || [[Image:Colombia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Comoros]] || [[Image:Comoros_coat_of_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] || [[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|120px]] |- | [[Republic of the Congo]] || [[Image:Congocofarms2.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Costa Rica]] || [[Image:CostaRica_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Côte d'Ivoire]] || [[Image:Coa cote d ivory.jpg||120px]] |- | [[Croatia]] || [[Image:Croatia_coat_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Cuba]] || [[Image:Cuba_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Cyprus]] || [[Image:Cyprus_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Czech Republic]] || [[Image:Czech_coatofarms.jpg|120px]] |} ==D== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Denmark]] || [[Image:The_small_Danish_Coat_of_Arms.jpg|120px]] |- |- | [[Dominica]] || [[Image:Dominica23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Dominican Republic]] || [[Image:Dominican_republic_coa.gif|120px]] |} ==E== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[East Timor]] || [[Image:East_timor_coa.png|120px|East Timor COA]] |- | [[Ecuador]] || [[Image:Ecuador COA.jpg|120px|Ecuador COA]] |- | [[Egypt]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Egypt.png|120px|Golden Eagle - Egypt Coat Of Arms]] |- | [[El Salvador]] || [[Image:El Salvador coa.gif|120px|El Salvador COA]] |- | [[Equatorial Guinea]] || [[Image:Equaarms22.PNG|120px|Equatorial Guinea COA]] |- |- | [[Estonia]] || [[Image:Estonia coat-of-arms.jpg|100px|120px|Estonia COA]] |- |} ==F== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Fiji]] || [[Image:Fij-coa.gif|120px]] |- | [[Finland]] || [[Image:Finland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[France]] || [[Image:Armoiries-fr.jpg|120px]] |- |} ==G== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Gabon]] || [[Image:Gabonarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[The Gambia]] || [[Image:Gambiaarms21.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] || [[Image:Georgian_COA.jpg|140px]] |- | [[Germany]] || [[Image:Bundesadler.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[Bundesadler]]'' (Federal Eagle)</small> |- | [[Ghana]] || [[Image:Ghanaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Greece]] || [[Image:Greece_coa.png|120px|Greece Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Grenada]] || [[Image:Grenadaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Guatemala]] || [[Image:GUAcoat.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Guernsey]] || [[Image:Guernsey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Guernsey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Guinea]] || [[Image:Guineaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Guinea-Bissau]] || [[Image:Coaguinea-bissau.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Guyana]] || [[Image:Guyana_coa.png|120px]] |} ==H== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Haiti]] || [[Image:Haiti_coat_of_arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Honduras]] || [[Image:Honduras_COA.gif|120px|Honduras COA]] |- | [[Hungary]] || [[Image:Hungary_COA.jpg|center|120px]] |} ==I== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Iceland]] || [[Image:ISLcoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[India]] || [[Image:EmblemofIndia-small.png|center]] |- | [[Indonesia]] || [[Image:Indonesiacoatofarms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Iran]] || [[Image:Iran_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Iraq]] || [[Image:Iraq-COA.png|120px]] |- | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] || [[Image:Ireland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Isle of Man]] || [[Image:Isle of Man Arms Small.png|120px|Isle of Man Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Israel]] || [[Image:Israel-coa-medium.png|120px]] |- | [[Italy]] || [[Image:Italian_coa.png|120px|Italian COA]] |} ==J== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Japan]] || [[Image:Japan_coa.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[National and Imperial Seal]]''</small> |- | [[Jersey]] || [[Image:Jersey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Jersey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Jordan]] || [[Image:Hashemitearms.jpg|120px|Coat of Arms of Jordan]] |} ==K== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Kazakhstan]] || [[image:Embelm_KZ.png|120px]] |- | [[Kiribati]] || [[Image:Kiribaticoa.gif|120px]] |- | [[North Korea]] || [[Image:North_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[South Korea]] || [[Image:South_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Kuwait]] || [[Image:KUW-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kyrgyzstan]] || [[Image:Kyrgyziarms.gif|120px]] |} ==L== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Laos]] || [[Image:Laos_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Latvia]] || [[Image:Latvijas lielais gerbonis.gif|140px]] |- | [[Lebanon]] || [[Image:Lebanese_COA.png|120px|Lebanese COA]] |- | [[Lesotho]] || [[Image:Lesothoarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Liberia]] || [[Image:Lib-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Libya]] || [[Image:Libyseal.gif|120px|Libya Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Liechtenstein]] || [[Image:Liechtenstein_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Lithuania]] || [[Image:Lithuanian_vytis.png|120px]] |- | [[Luxembourg]] || [[Image:Luxarms.gif|center|120px]] |} ==M== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| (Former Yugoslav) <br> [[Republic of Macedonia]] || [[Image:Grb.gif|120px|Macedonia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Madagascar]] || [[Image:Madagascar_COA.png|120px|Madagasar COA]] |- | [[Malawi]] || [[Image:Malawiarms20.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Malaysia]] || [[Image:Malaysia_Coat_of_Arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Maldives]] || [[Image:Maldives-emblem.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mali]] || [[Image:Maliarms22.PNG]] |- | [[Malta]] || [[Image:Malta_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Marshall Islands]] || [[Image:Marshall_Islands_COA.gif|120px|Marshall Islands COA]] |- | [[Mauritania]] || [[Image:maurarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Mauritius]] || [[Image:Mauritius_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mexico]] || [[Image:Mexico_coat_of_arms_(small).png|120px]] |- | [[Federated States of Micronesia]] || [[Image:Micronesie_COA.gif|120px|Micronesia COA]] |- | [[Moldova]] || [[Image:Mda_coa.gif|120px|Moldova Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Monaco]] || [[Image:Monaco_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mongolia]] || [[Image:Suld.gif|120px]] |- | [[Morocco]] || [[Image:morarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Mozambique]] || [[Image:Mozambique_COA.png|120px|Coat of arms of Mozambique]] |- | [[Myanmar]] || [[Image:Myanmar_COA.gif|120px|Coat of arms of Myanmar]] |} ==N== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Namibia]] || [[Image:Namibia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nauru]] || [[Image:Nauru_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nepal]] || [[Image:Nepal_COA.gif|120px|Nepal COA]] |- | [[Netherlands]] || [[Image:Arms_netherlands_small.gif|120px|Netherlands Coat of Arms]] |- | [[New Zealand]] || [[Image:New_zealand_coa.png|120px|New Zealand COA]] |- | [[Nicaragua]] || [[Image:Nicaragua-coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Niger]] || [[Image:Nigerarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Nigeria]] || [[Image:Nigeriaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Norway]] || [[Image:Norway_coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==O== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Oman]] || [[Image:Khanjar.gif|120px]] |} ==P== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Pakistan]] || [[Image:Pakarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Palau]] ||[http://www.bdarop.com/images/Officials/Executive/execseal.gif] This is the Exectutive<br> Seal, but is close in form<br> to the National Arms. |- | [[Panama]] || [[Image:Escudo_armas_Panama.PNG|120px|Panama COA]] |- | [[Papua New Guinea]] || [[Image:PapuaNewGuinea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Paraguay]] || [[Image:Paraguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Peru]] || [[Image:Coa_Peru.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Philippines]] || [[Image:Philippine_coat-of-arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Poland]] || [[Image:Herb Polski.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Poland]] |- | [[Portugal]] || [[Image:Portugal_coa.png|120px]] |} ==Q== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Qatar]] ||[http://www.qatarembassy.net/headerBanner.jpg] Seal is on left. |} ==R== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Romania]] || [[Image:Coa_romania.png|120px]] |- | [[Russia]] || [[Image:Russia_coa.png|120px]] |- |} ==S== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] || [[Image:skitts22.PNG|120px|Saint Kitts and Nevis: Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Saint Lucia]] || [[Image:St_lucia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] || [[Image:Svincent22.PNG|center|75px]] |- | [[Samoa]] || [[Image:Westasmarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[San Marino]] || [[Image:Smarino.jpg|120px]] |- | [[São Tomé and Príncipe]] || [[Image:Saoprinarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Saudi Arabia]] || [[Image:Saudi coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Scotland]] || [[Image:Scottish royal coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Senegal]] || [[Image:Senegal_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Serbia and Montenegro]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.png|120px|Serbia and Montenegro Caot of Arms]] |- | [[Seychelles]] || [[Image:Seychelles_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sierra Leone]] || [[Image:SLECOA.gif|120px|Sierra Leone Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Singapore]] || [[Image:Symbol_crest.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovakia]] || [[Image:Slovakia_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovenia]] || [[Image:Slovenia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Solomon Islands]] || [[Image:Solomon_Islands_coat_of_arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- |- | [[South Africa]] || [[Image:Za-coa.gif]] |- | [[Spain]] || [[Image:Spain_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sri Lanka]] || [[Image:Sri_lanka_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sudan]] || [[Image:Sudan_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Suriname]] || [[Image:Suriname_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Swaziland]] || [[Image:Swazicoa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sweden]] || [[Image:Sweden_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Switzerland]] || [[Image:Switzerland_CoA.png|120px]] |- | [[Syria]] || [[Image:Syrlogo.jpg|120px]] |} ==T== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| Taiwan ([[Republic of China]]) || [[Image:Republic_of_China_National_Emblem.png|120px|National Emblem of the Republic of China]] |- | [[Tajikistan]] || [[Image:Coa tajikistan.jpg|120px]] | [[Thailand]] || [[Image:Thailand_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Togo]] || [[Image:Togoarms22.PNG|center|120px]] |- | [[Tonga]] || [[Image:Tongaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Trinidad and Tobago]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms_Trinidad_and_Tobago.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tunisia]] || [[Image:Armes_tunisie.jpg|120px|Tunisia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Turkey]] || Turkey has no<br> recognized or <br>established<br> national coat<br> of arms |- | [[Turkmenistan]] || [[Image:Turkmenistan coa.jpg|120px|Turkmenistan Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Tuvalu]] || [[Image:Tuvalu-coa.jpg|120px]] |} ==U== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| | [[Ukraine]] || [[Image:Ukraine_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[United Arab Emirates]] || [[Image:NationalArmsofUAE.png|120px]] |- | [[United Kingdom]] || [[Image:UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[United States]] || [[Image:Great Seal of the US.png|120px|Great Seal of the U.S.]] |- | [[Uruguay]] || [[Image:Uruguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Uzbekistan]] || [[Image:Uzbekistan coa.png|120px|Uzbekistan Coat of Arms]] |} ==V== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Vanuatu]] || [[Image:Vanuatu_coat_of_arms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Vatican City]] || [[Image:Vatican_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Venezuela]] || [[Image:Venezuela_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Vietnam]] || [[Image:Viet-coa.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==W== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Western Sahara]] ([[Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic]]) || [[Image:Lambang_sahara_barat.png]] |- |} ==Y== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Yemen]] || [[Image:Yemencoa.jpg|120px]] |} ==Z== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Zambia]] || [[Image:Zambian_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px|center]] |- |} [[Category:Ba almwali ya bisé|*]] [[en:List of National Coat of Arms [[it:Elenco di stemmi nazionali]] [[nl:Wapenschilden van de wereld]] [[pl:God&#322;a pa&#324;stw &#347;wiata]] [[sk:Gal&#233;ria &#353;t&#225;tnych znakov]] [[sv:Lista över riksvapen]] 5372 2005-07-18T02:17:55Z Themalau 22 {{Nationalflags}} __NOTOC__ {{compactTOC2}} ==A== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Afghanistan]] || [[Image:COA Afghanistan.png|120px]] |- | [[Albania]] || [[Image:Albania_state_emblem.png|120px|center]] |- | [[Algeria]] || [[Image:Algeria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Andorra]] || [[Image:Andorra_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Angola]] || [[Image:Coaofangola.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Antigua and Barbuda]] || [[Image:Antigua_and_barbuda_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Argentina]] || [[Image:Argentina_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Armenia]] || [[Image:Armenia-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Australia]] || [[Image:Aust Coat of Arms (large).jpg|120px]] |- | [[Austria]] || [[Image:Austria coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Azerbaijan]] || [[Image:Azerbaijan coa.png|120px|]] |- |} ==B== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Bahamas]] || [[Image:Bahamas_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bahrain]] || [[Image:Coa_bahrain_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Bangladesh]] || [[Image:Bangladesh_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Barbados]] || [[Image:Barbados_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Belarus]] || [[Image:Belarus_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Belgium]] || [[Image:Belgium_coat_of_arms_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Belize]] || [[Image:Belize_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Benin]] || [[Image:Benin.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bhutan]] || [[Image:Bhutan_emblem.png|120px]] |- | [[Bolivia]] || [[Image:BoliviaArms.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] || [[Image:Bosnia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Botswana]] || [[Image:Bostwanaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Brazil]] || [[Image:Brazil_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Brunei]] || [[Image:Bx-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bulgaria]] || [[Image:Bulgaria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Burkina Faso]] || [[Image:Burkinaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==C== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Cambodia]] || [[Image:Coa cambodia.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Cameroon]] || [[Image:Cameroon coa.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Canada]] || [[Image:Bigcancoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Cape Verde]] || [[Image:Capeverdearms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Central African Republic]] || [[Image:Centralaf22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Chad]] || [[Image:Chad_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Chile]] || [[Image:Shield_cl.gif|120px]] |- | [[People's Republic of China]] || [[Image:PRC coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Colombia]] || [[Image:Colombia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Comoros]] || [[Image:Comoros_coat_of_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] || [[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|120px]] |- | [[Republic of the Congo]] || [[Image:Congocofarms2.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Costa Rica]] || [[Image:CostaRica_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Côte d'Ivoire]] || [[Image:Coa cote d ivory.jpg||120px]] |- | [[Croatia]] || [[Image:Croatia_coat_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Cuba]] || [[Image:Cuba_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Cyprus]] || [[Image:Cyprus_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Czech Republic]] || [[Image:Czech_coatofarms.jpg|120px]] |} ==D== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Denmark]] || [[Image:The_small_Danish_Coat_of_Arms.jpg|120px]] |- |- | [[Dominica]] || [[Image:Dominica23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Dominican Republic]] || [[Image:Dominican_republic_coa.gif|120px]] |} ==E== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[East Timor]] || [[Image:East_timor_coa.png|120px|East Timor COA]] |- | [[Ecuador]] || [[Image:Ecuador COA.jpg|120px|Ecuador COA]] |- | [[Egypt]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Egypt.png|120px|Golden Eagle - Egypt Coat Of Arms]] |- | [[El Salvador]] || [[Image:El Salvador coa.gif|120px|El Salvador COA]] |- | [[Equatorial Guinea]] || [[Image:Equaarms22.PNG|120px|Equatorial Guinea COA]] |- |- | [[Estonia]] || [[Image:Estonia coat-of-arms.jpg|100px|120px|Estonia COA]] |- |} ==F== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Fiji]] || [[Image:Fij-coa.gif|120px]] |- | [[Finland]] || [[Image:Finland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[France]] || [[Image:Armoiries-fr.jpg|120px]] |- |} ==G== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Gabon]] || [[Image:Gabonarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[The Gambia]] || [[Image:Gambiaarms21.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] || [[Image:Georgian_COA.jpg|140px]] |- | [[Germany]] || [[Image:Bundesadler.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[Bundesadler]]'' (Federal Eagle)</small> |- | [[Ghana]] || [[Image:Ghanaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Greece]] || [[Image:Greece_coa.png|120px|Greece Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Grenada]] || [[Image:Grenadaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Guatemala]] || [[Image:GUAcoat.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Guernsey]] || [[Image:Guernsey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Guernsey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Guinea]] || [[Image:Guineaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Guinea-Bissau]] || [[Image:Coaguinea-bissau.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Guyana]] || [[Image:Guyana_coa.png|120px]] |} ==H== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Haiti]] || [[Image:Haiti_coat_of_arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Honduras]] || [[Image:Honduras_COA.gif|120px|Honduras COA]] |- | [[Hungary]] || [[Image:Hungary_COA.jpg|center|120px]] |} ==I== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Iceland]] || [[Image:ISLcoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[India]] || [[Image:EmblemofIndia-small.png|center]] |- | [[Indonesia]] || [[Image:Indonesiacoatofarms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Iran]] || [[Image:Iran_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Iraq]] || [[Image:Iraq-COA.png|120px]] |- | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] || [[Image:Ireland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Isle of Man]] || [[Image:Isle of Man Arms Small.png|120px|Isle of Man Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Israel]] || [[Image:Israel-coa-medium.png|120px]] |- | [[Italy]] || [[Image:Italian_coa.png|120px|Italian COA]] |} ==J== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Japan]] || [[Image:Japan_coa.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[National and Imperial Seal]]''</small> |- | [[Jersey]] || [[Image:Jersey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Jersey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Jordan]] || [[Image:Hashemitearms.jpg|120px|Coat of Arms of Jordan]] |} ==K== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Kazakhstan]] || [[image:Embelm_KZ.png|120px]] |- | [[Kiribati]] || [[Image:Kiribaticoa.gif|120px]] |- | [[North Korea]] || [[Image:North_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[South Korea]] || [[Image:South_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Kuwait]] || [[Image:KUW-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kyrgyzstan]] || [[Image:Kyrgyziarms.gif|120px]] |} ==L== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Laos]] || [[Image:Laos_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Latvia]] || [[Image:Latvijas lielais gerbonis.gif|140px]] |- | [[Lebanon]] || [[Image:Lebanese_COA.png|120px|Lebanese COA]] |- | [[Lesotho]] || [[Image:Lesothoarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Liberia]] || [[Image:Lib-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Libya]] || [[Image:Libyseal.gif|120px|Libya Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Liechtenstein]] || [[Image:Liechtenstein_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Lithuania]] || [[Image:Lithuanian_vytis.png|120px]] |- | [[Luxembourg]] || [[Image:Luxarms.gif|center|120px]] |} ==M== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| (Former Yugoslav) <br> [[Republic of Macedonia]] || [[Image:Grb.gif|120px|Macedonia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Madagascar]] || [[Image:Madagascar_COA.png|120px|Madagasar COA]] |- | [[Malawi]] || [[Image:Malawiarms20.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Malaysia]] || [[Image:Malaysia_Coat_of_Arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Maldives]] || [[Image:Maldives-emblem.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mali]] || [[Image:Maliarms22.PNG]] |- | [[Malta]] || [[Image:Malta_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Marshall Islands]] || [[Image:Marshall_Islands_COA.gif|120px|Marshall Islands COA]] |- | [[Mauritania]] || [[Image:maurarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Mauritius]] || [[Image:Mauritius_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mexico]] || [[Image:Mexico_coat_of_arms_(small).png|120px]] |- | [[Federated States of Micronesia]] || [[Image:Micronesie_COA.gif|120px|Micronesia COA]] |- | [[Moldova]] || [[Image:Mda_coa.gif|120px|Moldova Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Monaco]] || [[Image:Monaco_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mongolia]] || [[Image:Suld.gif|120px]] |- | [[Morocco]] || [[Image:morarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Mozambique]] || [[Image:Mozambique_COA.png|120px|Coat of arms of Mozambique]] |- | [[Myanmar]] || [[Image:Myanmar_COA.gif|120px|Coat of arms of Myanmar]] |} ==N== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Namibia]] || [[Image:Namibia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nauru]] || [[Image:Nauru_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nepal]] || [[Image:Nepal_COA.gif|120px|Nepal COA]] |- | [[Netherlands]] || [[Image:Arms_netherlands_small.gif|120px|Netherlands Coat of Arms]] |- | [[New Zealand]] || [[Image:New_zealand_coa.png|120px|New Zealand COA]] |- | [[Nicaragua]] || [[Image:Nicaragua-coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Niger]] || [[Image:Nigerarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Nigeria]] || [[Image:Nigeriaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Norway]] || [[Image:Norway_coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==O== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Oman]] || [[Image:Khanjar.gif|120px]] |} ==P== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Pakistan]] || [[Image:Pakarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Palau]] ||[http://www.bdarop.com/images/Officials/Executive/execseal.gif] This is the Exectutive<br> Seal, but is close in form<br> to the National Arms. |- | [[Panama]] || [[Image:Escudo_armas_Panama.PNG|120px|Panama COA]] |- | [[Papua New Guinea]] || [[Image:PapuaNewGuinea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Paraguay]] || [[Image:Paraguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Peru]] || [[Image:Coa_Peru.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Philippines]] || [[Image:Philippine_coat-of-arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Poland]] || [[Image:Herb Polski.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Poland]] |- | [[Portugal]] || [[Image:Portugal_coa.png|120px]] |} ==Q== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Qatar]] ||[http://www.qatarembassy.net/headerBanner.jpg] Seal is on left. |} ==R== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Romania]] || [[Image:Coa_romania.png|120px]] |- | [[Russia]] || [[Image:Russia_coa.png|120px]] |- |} ==S== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] || [[Image:skitts22.PNG|120px|Saint Kitts and Nevis: Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Saint Lucia]] || [[Image:St_lucia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] || [[Image:Svincent22.PNG|center|75px]] |- | [[Samoa]] || [[Image:Westasmarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[San Marino]] || [[Image:Smarino.jpg|120px]] |- | [[São Tomé and Príncipe]] || [[Image:Saoprinarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Saudi Arabia]] || [[Image:Saudi coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Scotland]] || [[Image:Scottish royal coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Senegal]] || [[Image:Senegal_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Serbia and Montenegro]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.png|120px|Serbia and Montenegro Caot of Arms]] |- | [[Seychelles]] || [[Image:Seychelles_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sierra Leone]] || [[Image:SLECOA.gif|120px|Sierra Leone Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Singapore]] || [[Image:Symbol_crest.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovakia]] || [[Image:Slovakia_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovenia]] || [[Image:Slovenia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Solomon Islands]] || [[Image:Solomon_Islands_coat_of_arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- |- | [[South Africa]] || [[Image:Za-coa.gif]] |- | [[Spain]] || [[Image:Spain_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sri Lanka]] || [[Image:Sri_lanka_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sudan]] || [[Image:Sudan_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Suriname]] || [[Image:Suriname_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Swaziland]] || [[Image:Swazicoa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sweden]] || [[Image:Sweden_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Switzerland]] || [[Image:Switzerland_CoA.png|120px]] |- | [[Syria]] || [[Image:Syrlogo.jpg|120px]] |} ==T== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| Taiwan ([[Republic of China]]) || [[Image:Republic_of_China_National_Emblem.png|120px|National Emblem of the Republic of China]] |- | [[Tajikistan]] || [[Image:Coa tajikistan.jpg|120px]] | [[Thailand]] || [[Image:Thailand_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Togo]] || [[Image:Togoarms22.PNG|center|120px]] |- | [[Tonga]] || [[Image:Tongaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Trinidad and Tobago]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms_Trinidad_and_Tobago.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tunisia]] || [[Image:Armes_tunisie.jpg|120px|Tunisia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Turkey]] || Turkey has no<br> recognized or <br>established<br> national coat<br> of arms |- | [[Turkmenistan]] || [[Image:Turkmenistan coa.jpg|120px|Turkmenistan Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Tuvalu]] || [[Image:Tuvalu-coa.jpg|120px]] |} ==U== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| | [[Ukraine]] || [[Image:Ukraine_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[United Arab Emirates]] || [[Image:NationalArmsofUAE.png|120px]] |- | [[United Kingdom]] || [[Image:UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[United States]] || [[Image:Great Seal of the US.png|120px|Great Seal of the U.S.]] |- | [[Uruguay]] || [[Image:Uruguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Uzbekistan]] || [[Image:Uzbekistan coa.png|120px|Uzbekistan Coat of Arms]] |} ==V== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Vanuatu]] || [[Image:Vanuatu_coat_of_arms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Vatican City]] || [[Image:Vatican_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Venezuela]] || [[Image:Venezuela_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Vietnam]] || [[Image:Viet-coa.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==W== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Western Sahara]] ([[Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic]]) || [[Image:Lambang_sahara_barat.png]] |- |} ==Y== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Yemen]] || [[Image:Yemencoa.jpg|120px]] |} ==Z== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Zambia]] || [[Image:Zambian_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px|center]] |- |} [[Category:Ba almwali ya bisé|*]] [[en:List of National Coat of Arms]] [[it:Elenco di stemmi nazionali]] [[nl:Wapenschilden van de wereld]] [[pl:God&#322;a pa&#324;stw &#347;wiata]] [[sk:Gal&#233;ria &#353;t&#225;tnych znakov]] [[sv:Lista över riksvapen]] 5373 2005-07-18T02:22:05Z Themalau 22 {{Nationalflags}} __NOTOC__ {{compactTOC2}} ==A== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Afghanistan]] || [[Image:COA Afghanistan.png|120px]] |- | [[Albania]] || [[Image:Albania_state_emblem.png|120px|center]] |- | [[Algeria]] || [[Image:Algeria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Andorra]] || [[Image:Andorra_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Angola]] || [[Image:Coaofangola.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Antigua and Barbuda]] || [[Image:Antigua_and_barbuda_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Argentina]] || [[Image:Argentina_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Armenia]] || [[Image:Armenia-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Australia]] || [[Image:Aust Coat of Arms (large).jpg|120px]] |- | [[Austria]] || [[Image:Austria coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Azerbaijan]] || [[Image:Azerbaijan coa.png|120px|]] |- |} ==B== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Bahamas]] || [[Image:Bahamas_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bahrain]] || [[Image:Coa_bahrain_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Bangladesh]] || [[Image:Bangladesh_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Barbados]] || [[Image:Barbados_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Belarus]] || [[Image:Belarus_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Belgium]] || [[Image:Belgium_coat_of_arms_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Belize]] || [[Image:Belize_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Benin]] || [[Image:Benin.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bhutan]] || [[Image:Bhutan_emblem.png|120px]] |- | [[Bolivia]] || [[Image:BoliviaArms.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] || [[Image:Bosnia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Botswana]] || [[Image:Bostwanaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Brazil]] || [[Image:Brazil_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Brunei]] || [[Image:Bx-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bulgaria]] || [[Image:Bulgaria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Burkina Faso]] || [[Image:Burkinaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==C== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Cambodia]] || [[Image:Coa cambodia.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Cameroon]] || [[Image:Cameroon coa.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Canada]] || [[Image:Bigcancoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Cape Verde]] || [[Image:Capeverdearms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Central African Republic]] || [[Image:Centralaf22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Chad]] || [[Image:Chad_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Chile]] || [[Image:Shield_cl.gif|120px]] |- | [[People's Republic of China]] || [[Image:PRC coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Colombia]] || [[Image:Colombia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Comoros]] || [[Image:Comoros_coat_of_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] || [[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|120px]] |- | [[Republic of the Congo]] || [[Image:Congocofarms2.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Costa Rica]] || [[Image:CostaRica_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Côte d'Ivoire]] || [[Image:Coa cote d ivory.jpg||120px]] |- | [[Croatia]] || [[Image:Croatia_coat_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Cuba]] || [[Image:Cuba_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Cyprus]] || [[Image:Cyprus_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Czech Republic]] || [[Image:Czech_coatofarms.jpg|120px]] |} ==D== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Denmark]] || [[Image:The_small_Danish_Coat_of_Arms.jpg|120px]] |- |- | [[Dominica]] || [[Image:Dominica23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Dominican Republic]] || [[Image:Dominican_republic_coa.gif|120px]] |} ==E== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[East Timor]] || [[Image:East_timor_coa.png|120px|East Timor COA]] |- | [[Ecuador]] || [[Image:Ecuador COA.jpg|120px|Ecuador COA]] |- | [[Egypt]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Egypt.png|120px|Golden Eagle - Egypt Coat Of Arms]] |- | [[El Salvador]] || [[Image:El Salvador coa.gif|120px|El Salvador COA]] |- | [[Equatorial Guinea]] || [[Image:Equaarms22.PNG|120px|Equatorial Guinea COA]] |- |- | [[Estonia]] || [[Image:Estonia coat-of-arms.jpg|100px|120px|Estonia COA]] |- |} ==F== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Fiji]] || [[Image:Fij-coa.gif|120px]] |- | [[Finland]] || [[Image:Finland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[France]] || [[Image:Armoiries-fr.jpg|120px]] |- |} ==G== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Gabon]] || [[Image:Gabonarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[The Gambia]] || [[Image:Gambiaarms21.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] || [[Image:Georgian_COA.jpg|140px]] |- | [[Germany]] || [[Image:Bundesadler.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[Bundesadler]]'' (Federal Eagle)</small> |- | [[Ghana]] || [[Image:Ghanaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Greece]] || [[Image:Greece_coa.png|120px|Greece Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Grenada]] || [[Image:Grenadaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Guatemala]] || [[Image:GUAcoat.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Guernsey]] || [[Image:Guernsey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Guernsey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Guinea]] || [[Image:Guineaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Guinea-Bissau]] || [[Image:Coaguinea-bissau.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Guyana]] || [[Image:Guyana_coa.png|120px]] |} ==H== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Haiti]] || [[Image:Haiti_coat_of_arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Honduras]] || [[Image:Honduras_COA.gif|120px|Honduras COA]] |- | [[Hungary]] || [[Image:Hungary_COA.jpg|center|120px]] |} ==I== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Iceland]] || [[Image:ISLcoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[India]] || [[Image:EmblemofIndia-small.png|center]] |- | [[Indonesia]] || [[Image:Indonesiacoatofarms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Iran]] || [[Image:Iran_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Iraq]] || [[Image:Iraq-COA.png|120px]] |- | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] || [[Image:Ireland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Isle of Man]] || [[Image:Isle of Man Arms Small.png|120px|Isle of Man Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Israel]] || [[Image:Israel-coa-medium.png|120px]] |- | [[Italy]] || [[Image:Italian_coa.png|120px|Italian COA]] |} ==J== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Japan]] || [[Image:Japan_coa.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[National and Imperial Seal]]''</small> |- | [[Jersey]] || [[Image:Jersey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Jersey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Jordan]] || [[Image:Hashemitearms.jpg|120px|Coat of Arms of Jordan]] |} ==K== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Kazakhstan]] || [[image:Embelm_KZ.png|120px]] |- | [[Kiribati]] || [[Image:Kiribaticoa.gif|120px]] |- | [[North Korea]] || [[Image:North_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[South Korea]] || [[Image:South_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Kuwait]] || [[Image:KUW-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kyrgyzstan]] || [[Image:Kyrgyziarms.gif|120px]] |} ==L== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Laos]] || [[Image:Laos_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Latvia]] || [[Image:Latvijas lielais gerbonis.gif|140px]] |- | [[Lebanon]] || [[Image:Lebanese_COA.png|120px|Lebanese COA]] |- | [[Lesotho]] || [[Image:Lesothoarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Liberia]] || [[Image:Lib-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Libya]] || [[Image:Libyseal.gif|120px|Libya Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Liechtenstein]] || [[Image:Liechtenstein_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Lithuania]] || [[Image:Lithuanian_vytis.png|120px]] |- | [[Luxembourg]] || [[Image:Luxarms.gif|center|120px]] |} ==M== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| (Former Yugoslav) <br> [[Republic of Macedonia]] || [[Image:Grb.gif|120px|Macedonia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Madagascar]] || [[Image:Madagascar_COA.png|120px|Madagasar COA]] |- | [[Malawi]] || [[Image:Malawiarms20.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Malaysia]] || [[Image:Malaysia_Coat_of_Arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Maldives]] || [[Image:Maldives-emblem.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mali]] || [[Image:Maliarms22.PNG]] |- | [[Malta]] || [[Image:Malta_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Marshall Islands]] || [[Image:Marshall_Islands_COA.gif|120px|Marshall Islands COA]] |- | [[Mauritania]] || [[Image:maurarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Mauritius]] || [[Image:Mauritius_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mexico]] || [[Image:Mexico_coat_of_arms_(small).png|120px]] |- | [[Federated States of Micronesia]] || [[Image:Micronesie_COA.gif|120px|Micronesia COA]] |- | [[Moldova]] || [[Image:Mda_coa.gif|120px|Moldova Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Monaco]] || [[Image:Monaco_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mongolia]] || [[Image:Suld.gif|120px]] |- | [[Morocco]] || [[Image:morarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Mozambique]] || [[Image:Mozambique_COA.png|120px|Coat of arms of Mozambique]] |- | [[Myanmar]] || [[Image:Myanmar_COA.gif|120px|Coat of arms of Myanmar]] |} ==N== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Namibia]] || [[Image:Namibia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nauru]] || [[Image:Nauru_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nepal]] || [[Image:Nepal_COA.gif|120px|Nepal COA]] |- | [[Netherlands]] || [[Image:Arms_netherlands_small.gif|120px|Netherlands Coat of Arms]] |- | [[New Zealand]] || [[Image:New_zealand_coa.png|120px|New Zealand COA]] |- | [[Nicaragua]] || [[Image:Nicaragua-coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Niger]] || [[Image:Nigerarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Nigeria]] || [[Image:Nigeriaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Norway]] || [[Image:Norway_coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==O== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Oman]] || [[Image:Khanjar.gif|120px]] |} ==P== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Pakistan]] || [[Image:Pakarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Palau]] ||[http://www.bdarop.com/images/Officials/Executive/execseal.gif] This is the Exectutive<br> Seal, but is close in form<br> to the National Arms. |- | [[Panama]] || [[Image:Escudo_armas_Panama.PNG|120px|Panama COA]] |- | [[Papua New Guinea]] || [[Image:PapuaNewGuinea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Paraguay]] || [[Image:Paraguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Peru]] || [[Image:Coa_Peru.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Philippines]] || [[Image:Philippine_coat-of-arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Poland]] || [[Image:Herb Polski.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Poland]] |- | [[Portugal]] || [[Image:Portugal_coa.png|120px]] |} ==Q== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Qatar]] ||[http://www.qatarembassy.net/headerBanner.jpg] Seal is on left. |} ==R== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Romania]] || [[Image:Coa_romania.png|120px]] |- | [[Russia]] || [[Image:Russia_coa.png|120px]] |- |} ==S== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] || [[Image:skitts22.PNG|120px|Saint Kitts and Nevis: Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Saint Lucia]] || [[Image:St_lucia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] || [[Image:Svincent22.PNG|center|75px]] |- | [[Samoa]] || [[Image:Westasmarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[San Marino]] || [[Image:Smarino.jpg|120px]] |- | [[São Tomé and Príncipe]] || [[Image:Saoprinarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Saudi Arabia]] || [[Image:Saudi coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Scotland]] || [[Image:Scottish royal coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Senegal]] || [[Image:Senegal_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Serbia and Montenegro]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.png|120px|Serbia and Montenegro Caot of Arms]] |- | [[Seychelles]] || [[Image:Seychelles_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sierra Leone]] || [[Image:SLECOA.gif|120px|Sierra Leone Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Singapore]] || [[Image:Symbol_crest.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovakia]] || [[Image:Slovakia_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovenia]] || [[Image:Slovenia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Solomon Islands]] || [[Image:Solomon_Islands_coat_of_arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- |- | [[South Africa]] || [[Image:Za-coa.gif]] |- | [[Spain]] || [[Image:Spain_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sri Lanka]] || [[Image:Sri_lanka_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sudan]] || [[Image:Sudan_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Suriname]] || [[Image:Suriname_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Swaziland]] || [[Image:Swazicoa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sweden]] || [[Image:Sweden_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Switzerland]] || [[Image:Switzerland_CoA.png|120px]] |- | [[Syria]] || [[Image:Syrlogo.jpg|120px]] |} ==T== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| Taiwan ([[Republic of China]]) || [[Image:Republic_of_China_National_Emblem.png|120px|National Emblem of the Republic of China]] |- | [[Tajikistan]] || [[Image:Coa tajikistan.jpg|120px]] | [[Thailand]] || [[Image:Thailand_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Togo]] || [[Image:Togoarms22.PNG|center|120px]] |- | [[Tonga]] || [[Image:Tongaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Trinidad and Tobago]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms_Trinidad_and_Tobago.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tunisia]] || [[Image:Armes_tunisie.jpg|120px|Tunisia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Turkey]] || Turkey has no<br> recognized or <br>established<br> national coat<br> of arms |- | [[Turkmenistan]] || [[Image:Turkmenistan coa.jpg|120px|Turkmenistan Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Tuvalu]] || [[Image:Tuvalu-coa.jpg|120px]] |} ==U== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| | [[Ukraine]] || [[Image:Ukraine_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[United Arab Emirates]] || [[Image:NationalArmsofUAE.png|120px]] |- | [[United Kingdom]] || [[Image:UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[United States]] || [[Image:Great Seal of the US.png|120px|Great Seal of the U.S.]] |- | [[Uruguay]] || [[Image:Uruguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Uzbekistan]] || [[Image:Uzbekistan coa.png|120px|Uzbekistan Coat of Arms]] |} ==V== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Vanuatu]] || [[Image:Vanuatu_coat_of_arms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Vatican City]] || [[Image:Vatican_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Venezuela]] || [[Image:Venezuela_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Vietnam]] || [[Image:Viet-coa.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==W== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Western Sahara]] ([[Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic]]) || [[Image:Lambang_sahara_barat.png]] |- |} ==Y== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Yemen]] || [[Image:Yemencoa.jpg|120px]] |} ==Z== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Zambia]] || [[Image:Zambian_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px|center]] |- |} [[Category:Ba almwali ya bisé|*]] [[en:List of national coats of Arms]] [[it:Elenco di stemmi nazionali]] [[nl:Wapenschilden van de wereld]] [[pl:God&#322;a pa&#324;stw &#347;wiata]] [[sk:Gal&#233;ria &#353;t&#225;tnych znakov]] [[sv:Lista över riksvapen]] 5374 2005-07-18T02:22:44Z Themalau 22 {{Nationalflags}} __NOTOC__ {{compactTOC2}} ==A== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Afghanistan]] || [[Image:COA Afghanistan.png|120px]] |- | [[Albania]] || [[Image:Albania_state_emblem.png|120px|center]] |- | [[Algeria]] || [[Image:Algeria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Andorra]] || [[Image:Andorra_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Angola]] || [[Image:Coaofangola.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Antigua and Barbuda]] || [[Image:Antigua_and_barbuda_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Argentina]] || [[Image:Argentina_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Armenia]] || [[Image:Armenia-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Australia]] || [[Image:Aust Coat of Arms (large).jpg|120px]] |- | [[Austria]] || [[Image:Austria coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Azerbaijan]] || [[Image:Azerbaijan coa.png|120px|]] |- |} ==B== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Bahamas]] || [[Image:Bahamas_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bahrain]] || [[Image:Coa_bahrain_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Bangladesh]] || [[Image:Bangladesh_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Barbados]] || [[Image:Barbados_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Belarus]] || [[Image:Belarus_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Belgium]] || [[Image:Belgium_coat_of_arms_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Belize]] || [[Image:Belize_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Benin]] || [[Image:Benin.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bhutan]] || [[Image:Bhutan_emblem.png|120px]] |- | [[Bolivia]] || [[Image:BoliviaArms.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] || [[Image:Bosnia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Botswana]] || [[Image:Bostwanaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Brazil]] || [[Image:Brazil_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Brunei]] || [[Image:Bx-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bulgaria]] || [[Image:Bulgaria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Burkina Faso]] || [[Image:Burkinaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==C== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Cambodia]] || [[Image:Coa cambodia.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Cameroon]] || [[Image:Cameroon coa.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Canada]] || [[Image:Bigcancoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Cape Verde]] || [[Image:Capeverdearms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Central African Republic]] || [[Image:Centralaf22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Chad]] || [[Image:Chad_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Chile]] || [[Image:Shield_cl.gif|120px]] |- | [[People's Republic of China]] || [[Image:PRC coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Colombia]] || [[Image:Colombia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Comoros]] || [[Image:Comoros_coat_of_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] || [[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|120px]] |- | [[Republic of the Congo]] || [[Image:Congocofarms2.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Costa Rica]] || [[Image:CostaRica_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Côte d'Ivoire]] || [[Image:Coa cote d ivory.jpg||120px]] |- | [[Croatia]] || [[Image:Croatia_coat_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Cuba]] || [[Image:Cuba_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Cyprus]] || [[Image:Cyprus_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Czech Republic]] || [[Image:Czech_coatofarms.jpg|120px]] |} ==D== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Denmark]] || [[Image:The_small_Danish_Coat_of_Arms.jpg|120px]] |- |- | [[Dominica]] || [[Image:Dominica23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Dominican Republic]] || [[Image:Dominican_republic_coa.gif|120px]] |} ==E== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[East Timor]] || [[Image:East_timor_coa.png|120px|East Timor COA]] |- | [[Ecuador]] || [[Image:Ecuador COA.jpg|120px|Ecuador COA]] |- | [[Egypt]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Egypt.png|120px|Golden Eagle - Egypt Coat Of Arms]] |- | [[El Salvador]] || [[Image:El Salvador coa.gif|120px|El Salvador COA]] |- | [[Equatorial Guinea]] || [[Image:Equaarms22.PNG|120px|Equatorial Guinea COA]] |- |- | [[Estonia]] || [[Image:Estonia coat-of-arms.jpg|100px|120px|Estonia COA]] |- |} ==F== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Fiji]] || [[Image:Fij-coa.gif|120px]] |- | [[Finland]] || [[Image:Finland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[France]] || [[Image:Armoiries-fr.jpg|120px]] |- |} ==G== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Gabon]] || [[Image:Gabonarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[The Gambia]] || [[Image:Gambiaarms21.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] || [[Image:Georgian_COA.jpg|140px]] |- | [[Germany]] || [[Image:Bundesadler.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[Bundesadler]]'' (Federal Eagle)</small> |- | [[Ghana]] || [[Image:Ghanaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Greece]] || [[Image:Greece_coa.png|120px|Greece Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Grenada]] || [[Image:Grenadaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Guatemala]] || [[Image:GUAcoat.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Guernsey]] || [[Image:Guernsey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Guernsey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Guinea]] || [[Image:Guineaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Guinea-Bissau]] || [[Image:Coaguinea-bissau.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Guyana]] || [[Image:Guyana_coa.png|120px]] |} ==H== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Haiti]] || [[Image:Haiti_coat_of_arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Honduras]] || [[Image:Honduras_COA.gif|120px|Honduras COA]] |- | [[Hungary]] || [[Image:Hungary_COA.jpg|center|120px]] |} ==I== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Iceland]] || [[Image:ISLcoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[India]] || [[Image:EmblemofIndia-small.png|center]] |- | [[Indonesia]] || [[Image:Indonesiacoatofarms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Iran]] || [[Image:Iran_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Iraq]] || [[Image:Iraq-COA.png|120px]] |- | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] || [[Image:Ireland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Isle of Man]] || [[Image:Isle of Man Arms Small.png|120px|Isle of Man Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Israel]] || [[Image:Israel-coa-medium.png|120px]] |- | [[Italy]] || [[Image:Italian_coa.png|120px|Italian COA]] |} ==J== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Japan]] || [[Image:Japan_coa.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[National and Imperial Seal]]''</small> |- | [[Jersey]] || [[Image:Jersey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Jersey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Jordan]] || [[Image:Hashemitearms.jpg|120px|Coat of Arms of Jordan]] |} ==K== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Kazakhstan]] || [[image:Embelm_KZ.png|120px]] |- | [[Kiribati]] || [[Image:Kiribaticoa.gif|120px]] |- | [[North Korea]] || [[Image:North_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[South Korea]] || [[Image:South_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Kuwait]] || [[Image:KUW-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kyrgyzstan]] || [[Image:Kyrgyziarms.gif|120px]] |} ==L== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Laos]] || [[Image:Laos_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Latvia]] || [[Image:Latvijas lielais gerbonis.gif|140px]] |- | [[Lebanon]] || [[Image:Lebanese_COA.png|120px|Lebanese COA]] |- | [[Lesotho]] || [[Image:Lesothoarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Liberia]] || [[Image:Lib-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Libya]] || [[Image:Libyseal.gif|120px|Libya Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Liechtenstein]] || [[Image:Liechtenstein_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Lithuania]] || [[Image:Lithuanian_vytis.png|120px]] |- | [[Luxembourg]] || [[Image:Luxarms.gif|center|120px]] |} ==M== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| (Former Yugoslav) <br> [[Republic of Macedonia]] || [[Image:Grb.gif|120px|Macedonia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Madagascar]] || [[Image:Madagascar_COA.png|120px|Madagasar COA]] |- | [[Malawi]] || [[Image:Malawiarms20.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Malaysia]] || [[Image:Malaysia_Coat_of_Arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Maldives]] || [[Image:Maldives-emblem.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mali]] || [[Image:Maliarms22.PNG]] |- | [[Malta]] || [[Image:Malta_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Marshall Islands]] || [[Image:Marshall_Islands_COA.gif|120px|Marshall Islands COA]] |- | [[Mauritania]] || [[Image:maurarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Mauritius]] || [[Image:Mauritius_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mexico]] || [[Image:Mexico_coat_of_arms_(small).png|120px]] |- | [[Federated States of Micronesia]] || [[Image:Micronesie_COA.gif|120px|Micronesia COA]] |- | [[Moldova]] || [[Image:Mda_coa.gif|120px|Moldova Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Monaco]] || [[Image:Monaco_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mongolia]] || [[Image:Suld.gif|120px]] |- | [[Morocco]] || [[Image:morarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Mozambique]] || [[Image:Mozambique_COA.png|120px|Coat of arms of Mozambique]] |- | [[Myanmar]] || [[Image:Myanmar_COA.gif|120px|Coat of arms of Myanmar]] |} ==N== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Namibia]] || [[Image:Namibia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nauru]] || [[Image:Nauru_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nepal]] || [[Image:Nepal_COA.gif|120px|Nepal COA]] |- | [[Netherlands]] || [[Image:Arms_netherlands_small.gif|120px|Netherlands Coat of Arms]] |- | [[New Zealand]] || [[Image:New_zealand_coa.png|120px|New Zealand COA]] |- | [[Nicaragua]] || [[Image:Nicaragua-coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Niger]] || [[Image:Nigerarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Nigeria]] || [[Image:Nigeriaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Norway]] || [[Image:Norway_coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==O== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Oman]] || [[Image:Khanjar.gif|120px]] |} ==P== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Pakistan]] || [[Image:Pakarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Palau]] ||[http://www.bdarop.com/images/Officials/Executive/execseal.gif] This is the Exectutive<br> Seal, but is close in form<br> to the National Arms. |- | [[Panama]] || [[Image:Escudo_armas_Panama.PNG|120px|Panama COA]] |- | [[Papua New Guinea]] || [[Image:PapuaNewGuinea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Paraguay]] || [[Image:Paraguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Peru]] || [[Image:Coa_Peru.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Philippines]] || [[Image:Philippine_coat-of-arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Poland]] || [[Image:Herb Polski.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Poland]] |- | [[Portugal]] || [[Image:Portugal_coa.png|120px]] |} ==Q== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Qatar]] ||[http://www.qatarembassy.net/headerBanner.jpg] Seal is on left. |} ==R== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Romania]] || [[Image:Coa_romania.png|120px]] |- | [[Russia]] || [[Image:Russia_coa.png|120px]] |- |} ==S== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] || [[Image:skitts22.PNG|120px|Saint Kitts and Nevis: Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Saint Lucia]] || [[Image:St_lucia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] || [[Image:Svincent22.PNG|center|75px]] |- | [[Samoa]] || [[Image:Westasmarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[San Marino]] || [[Image:Smarino.jpg|120px]] |- | [[São Tomé and Príncipe]] || [[Image:Saoprinarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Saudi Arabia]] || [[Image:Saudi coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Scotland]] || [[Image:Scottish royal coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Senegal]] || [[Image:Senegal_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Serbia and Montenegro]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.png|120px|Serbia and Montenegro Caot of Arms]] |- | [[Seychelles]] || [[Image:Seychelles_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sierra Leone]] || [[Image:SLECOA.gif|120px|Sierra Leone Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Singapore]] || [[Image:Symbol_crest.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovakia]] || [[Image:Slovakia_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovenia]] || [[Image:Slovenia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Solomon Islands]] || [[Image:Solomon_Islands_coat_of_arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- |- | [[South Africa]] || [[Image:Za-coa.gif]] |- | [[Spain]] || [[Image:Spain_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sri Lanka]] || [[Image:Sri_lanka_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sudan]] || [[Image:Sudan_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Suriname]] || [[Image:Suriname_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Swaziland]] || [[Image:Swazicoa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sweden]] || [[Image:Sweden_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Switzerland]] || [[Image:Switzerland_CoA.png|120px]] |- | [[Syria]] || [[Image:Syrlogo.jpg|120px]] |} ==T== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| Taiwan ([[Republic of China]]) || [[Image:Republic_of_China_National_Emblem.png|120px|National Emblem of the Republic of China]] |- | [[Tajikistan]] || [[Image:Coa tajikistan.jpg|120px]] | [[Thailand]] || [[Image:Thailand_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Togo]] || [[Image:Togoarms22.PNG|center|120px]] |- | [[Tonga]] || [[Image:Tongaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Trinidad and Tobago]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms_Trinidad_and_Tobago.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tunisia]] || [[Image:Armes_tunisie.jpg|120px|Tunisia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Turkey]] || Turkey has no<br> recognized or <br>established<br> national coat<br> of arms |- | [[Turkmenistan]] || [[Image:Turkmenistan coa.jpg|120px|Turkmenistan Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Tuvalu]] || [[Image:Tuvalu-coa.jpg|120px]] |} ==U== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| | [[Ukraine]] || [[Image:Ukraine_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[United Arab Emirates]] || [[Image:NationalArmsofUAE.png|120px]] |- | [[United Kingdom]] || [[Image:UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[United States]] || [[Image:Great Seal of the US.png|120px|Great Seal of the U.S.]] |- | [[Uruguay]] || [[Image:Uruguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Uzbekistan]] || [[Image:Uzbekistan coa.png|120px|Uzbekistan Coat of Arms]] |} ==V== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Vanuatu]] || [[Image:Vanuatu_coat_of_arms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Vatican City]] || [[Image:Vatican_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Venezuela]] || [[Image:Venezuela_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Vietnam]] || [[Image:Viet-coa.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==W== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Western Sahara]] ([[Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic]]) || [[Image:Lambang_sahara_barat.png]] |- |} ==Y== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Yemen]] || [[Image:Yemencoa.jpg|120px]] |} ==Z== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Zambia]] || [[Image:Zambian_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px|center]] |- |} [[Category:Ba almwali ya bisé|*]] [[en:List of national coats of arms]] [[it:Elenco di stemmi nazionali]] [[nl:Wapenschilden van de wereld]] [[pl:God&#322;a pa&#324;stw &#347;wiata]] [[sk:Gal&#233;ria &#353;t&#225;tnych znakov]] [[sv:Lista över riksvapen]] 5375 2005-07-18T02:23:06Z Themalau 22 {{Nationalflags}} __NOTOC__ {{compactTOC2}} ==A== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Afghanistan]] || [[Image:COA Afghanistan.png|120px]] |- | [[Albania]] || [[Image:Albania_state_emblem.png|120px|center]] |- | [[Algeria]] || [[Image:Algeria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Andorra]] || [[Image:Andorra_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Angola]] || [[Image:Coaofangola.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Antigua and Barbuda]] || [[Image:Antigua_and_barbuda_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Argentina]] || [[Image:Argentina_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Armenia]] || [[Image:Armenia-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Australia]] || [[Image:Aust Coat of Arms (large).jpg|120px]] |- | [[Austria]] || [[Image:Austria coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Azerbaijan]] || [[Image:Azerbaijan coa.png|120px|]] |- |} ==B== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Bahamas]] || [[Image:Bahamas_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bahrain]] || [[Image:Coa_bahrain_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Bangladesh]] || [[Image:Bangladesh_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Barbados]] || [[Image:Barbados_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Belarus]] || [[Image:Belarus_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Belgium]] || [[Image:Belgium_coat_of_arms_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Belize]] || [[Image:Belize_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Benin]] || [[Image:Benin.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bhutan]] || [[Image:Bhutan_emblem.png|120px]] |- | [[Bolivia]] || [[Image:BoliviaArms.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] || [[Image:Bosnia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Botswana]] || [[Image:Bostwanaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Brazil]] || [[Image:Brazil_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Brunei]] || [[Image:Bx-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bulgaria]] || [[Image:Bulgaria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Burkina Faso]] || [[Image:Burkinaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==C== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Cambodia]] || [[Image:Coa cambodia.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Cameroon]] || [[Image:Cameroon coa.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Canada]] || [[Image:Bigcancoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Cape Verde]] || [[Image:Capeverdearms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Central African Republic]] || [[Image:Centralaf22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Chad]] || [[Image:Chad_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Chile]] || [[Image:Shield_cl.gif|120px]] |- | [[People's Republic of China]] || [[Image:PRC coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Colombia]] || [[Image:Colombia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Comoros]] || [[Image:Comoros_coat_of_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] || [[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|120px]] |- | [[Republic of the Congo]] || [[Image:Congocofarms2.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Costa Rica]] || [[Image:CostaRica_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Côte d'Ivoire]] || [[Image:Coa cote d ivory.jpg||120px]] |- | [[Croatia]] || [[Image:Croatia_coat_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Cuba]] || [[Image:Cuba_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Cyprus]] || [[Image:Cyprus_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Czech Republic]] || [[Image:Czech_coatofarms.jpg|120px]] |} ==D== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Denmark]] || [[Image:The_small_Danish_Coat_of_Arms.jpg|120px]] |- |- | [[Dominica]] || [[Image:Dominica23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Dominican Republic]] || [[Image:Dominican_republic_coa.gif|120px]] |} ==E== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[East Timor]] || [[Image:East_timor_coa.png|120px|East Timor COA]] |- | [[Ecuador]] || [[Image:Ecuador COA.jpg|120px|Ecuador COA]] |- | [[Egypt]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Egypt.png|120px|Golden Eagle - Egypt Coat Of Arms]] |- | [[El Salvador]] || [[Image:El Salvador coa.gif|120px|El Salvador COA]] |- | [[Equatorial Guinea]] || [[Image:Equaarms22.PNG|120px|Equatorial Guinea COA]] |- |- | [[Estonia]] || [[Image:Estonia coat-of-arms.jpg|100px|120px|Estonia COA]] |- |} ==F== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Fiji]] || [[Image:Fij-coa.gif|120px]] |- | [[Finland]] || [[Image:Finland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[France]] || [[Image:Armoiries-fr.jpg|120px]] |- |} ==G== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Gabon]] || [[Image:Gabonarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[The Gambia]] || [[Image:Gambiaarms21.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] || [[Image:Georgian_COA.jpg|140px]] |- | [[Germany]] || [[Image:Bundesadler.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[Bundesadler]]'' (Federal Eagle)</small> |- | [[Ghana]] || [[Image:Ghanaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Greece]] || [[Image:Greece_coa.png|120px|Greece Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Grenada]] || [[Image:Grenadaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Guatemala]] || [[Image:GUAcoat.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Guernsey]] || [[Image:Guernsey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Guernsey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Guinea]] || [[Image:Guineaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Guinea-Bissau]] || [[Image:Coaguinea-bissau.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Guyana]] || [[Image:Guyana_coa.png|120px]] |} ==H== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Haiti]] || [[Image:Haiti_coat_of_arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Honduras]] || [[Image:Honduras_COA.gif|120px|Honduras COA]] |- | [[Hungary]] || [[Image:Hungary_COA.jpg|center|120px]] |} ==I== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Iceland]] || [[Image:ISLcoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[India]] || [[Image:EmblemofIndia-small.png|center]] |- | [[Indonesia]] || [[Image:Indonesiacoatofarms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Iran]] || [[Image:Iran_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Iraq]] || [[Image:Iraq-COA.png|120px]] |- | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] || [[Image:Ireland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Isle of Man]] || [[Image:Isle of Man Arms Small.png|120px|Isle of Man Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Israel]] || [[Image:Israel-coa-medium.png|120px]] |- | [[Italy]] || [[Image:Italian_coa.png|120px|Italian COA]] |} ==J== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Japan]] || [[Image:Japan_coa.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[National and Imperial Seal]]''</small> |- | [[Jersey]] || [[Image:Jersey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Jersey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Jordan]] || [[Image:Hashemitearms.jpg|120px|Coat of Arms of Jordan]] |} ==K== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Kazakhstan]] || [[image:Embelm_KZ.png|120px]] |- | [[Kiribati]] || [[Image:Kiribaticoa.gif|120px]] |- | [[North Korea]] || [[Image:North_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[South Korea]] || [[Image:South_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Kuwait]] || [[Image:KUW-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kyrgyzstan]] || [[Image:Kyrgyziarms.gif|120px]] |} ==L== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Laos]] || [[Image:Laos_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Latvia]] || [[Image:Latvijas lielais gerbonis.gif|140px]] |- | [[Lebanon]] || [[Image:Lebanese_COA.png|120px|Lebanese COA]] |- | [[Lesotho]] || [[Image:Lesothoarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Liberia]] || [[Image:Lib-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Libya]] || [[Image:Libyseal.gif|120px|Libya Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Liechtenstein]] || [[Image:Liechtenstein_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Lithuania]] || [[Image:Lithuanian_vytis.png|120px]] |- | [[Luxembourg]] || [[Image:Luxarms.gif|center|120px]] |} ==M== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| (Former Yugoslav) <br> [[Republic of Macedonia]] || [[Image:Grb.gif|120px|Macedonia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Madagascar]] || [[Image:Madagascar_COA.png|120px|Madagasar COA]] |- | [[Malawi]] || [[Image:Malawiarms20.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Malaysia]] || [[Image:Malaysia_Coat_of_Arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Maldives]] || [[Image:Maldives-emblem.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mali]] || [[Image:Maliarms22.PNG]] |- | [[Malta]] || [[Image:Malta_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Marshall Islands]] || [[Image:Marshall_Islands_COA.gif|120px|Marshall Islands COA]] |- | [[Mauritania]] || [[Image:maurarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Mauritius]] || [[Image:Mauritius_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mexico]] || [[Image:Mexico_coat_of_arms_(small).png|120px]] |- | [[Federated States of Micronesia]] || [[Image:Micronesie_COA.gif|120px|Micronesia COA]] |- | [[Moldova]] || [[Image:Mda_coa.gif|120px|Moldova Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Monaco]] || [[Image:Monaco_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mongolia]] || [[Image:Suld.gif|120px]] |- | [[Morocco]] || [[Image:morarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Mozambique]] || [[Image:Mozambique_COA.png|120px|Coat of arms of Mozambique]] |- | [[Myanmar]] || [[Image:Myanmar_COA.gif|120px|Coat of arms of Myanmar]] |} ==N== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Namibia]] || [[Image:Namibia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nauru]] || [[Image:Nauru_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nepal]] || [[Image:Nepal_COA.gif|120px|Nepal COA]] |- | [[Netherlands]] || [[Image:Arms_netherlands_small.gif|120px|Netherlands Coat of Arms]] |- | [[New Zealand]] || [[Image:New_zealand_coa.png|120px|New Zealand COA]] |- | [[Nicaragua]] || [[Image:Nicaragua-coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Niger]] || [[Image:Nigerarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Nigeria]] || [[Image:Nigeriaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Norway]] || [[Image:Norway_coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==O== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Oman]] || [[Image:Khanjar.gif|120px]] |} ==P== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Pakistan]] || [[Image:Pakarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Palau]] ||[http://www.bdarop.com/images/Officials/Executive/execseal.gif] This is the Exectutive<br> Seal, but is close in form<br> to the National Arms. |- | [[Panama]] || [[Image:Escudo_armas_Panama.PNG|120px|Panama COA]] |- | [[Papua New Guinea]] || [[Image:PapuaNewGuinea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Paraguay]] || [[Image:Paraguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Peru]] || [[Image:Coa_Peru.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Philippines]] || [[Image:Philippine_coat-of-arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Poland]] || [[Image:Herb Polski.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Poland]] |- | [[Portugal]] || [[Image:Portugal_coa.png|120px]] |} ==Q== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Qatar]] ||[http://www.qatarembassy.net/headerBanner.jpg] Seal is on left. |} ==R== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Romania]] || [[Image:Coa_romania.png|120px]] |- | [[Russia]] || [[Image:Russia_coa.png|120px]] |- |} ==S== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] || [[Image:skitts22.PNG|120px|Saint Kitts and Nevis: Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Saint Lucia]] || [[Image:St_lucia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] || [[Image:Svincent22.PNG|center|75px]] |- | [[Samoa]] || [[Image:Westasmarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[San Marino]] || [[Image:Smarino.jpg|120px]] |- | [[São Tomé and Príncipe]] || [[Image:Saoprinarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Saudi Arabia]] || [[Image:Saudi coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Scotland]] || [[Image:Scottish royal coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Senegal]] || [[Image:Senegal_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Serbia and Montenegro]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.png|120px|Serbia and Montenegro Caot of Arms]] |- | [[Seychelles]] || [[Image:Seychelles_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sierra Leone]] || [[Image:SLECOA.gif|120px|Sierra Leone Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Singapore]] || [[Image:Symbol_crest.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovakia]] || [[Image:Slovakia_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovenia]] || [[Image:Slovenia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Solomon Islands]] || [[Image:Solomon_Islands_coat_of_arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- |- | [[South Africa]] || [[Image:Za-coa.gif]] |- | [[Spain]] || [[Image:Spain_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sri Lanka]] || [[Image:Sri_lanka_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sudan]] || [[Image:Sudan_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Suriname]] || [[Image:Suriname_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Swaziland]] || [[Image:Swazicoa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sweden]] || [[Image:Sweden_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Switzerland]] || [[Image:Switzerland_CoA.png|120px]] |- | [[Syria]] || [[Image:Syrlogo.jpg|120px]] |} ==T== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| Taiwan ([[Republic of China]]) || [[Image:Republic_of_China_National_Emblem.png|120px|National Emblem of the Republic of China]] |- | [[Tajikistan]] || [[Image:Coa tajikistan.jpg|120px]] | [[Thailand]] || [[Image:Thailand_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Togo]] || [[Image:Togoarms22.PNG|center|120px]] |- | [[Tonga]] || [[Image:Tongaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Trinidad and Tobago]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms_Trinidad_and_Tobago.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tunisia]] || [[Image:Armes_tunisie.jpg|120px|Tunisia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Turkey]] || Turkey has no<br> recognized or <br>established<br> national coat<br> of arms |- | [[Turkmenistan]] || [[Image:Turkmenistan coa.jpg|120px|Turkmenistan Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Tuvalu]] || [[Image:Tuvalu-coa.jpg|120px]] |} ==U== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| | [[Ukraine]] || [[Image:Ukraine_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[United Arab Emirates]] || [[Image:NationalArmsofUAE.png|120px]] |- | [[United Kingdom]] || [[Image:UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[United States]] || [[Image:Great Seal of the US.png|120px|Great Seal of the U.S.]] |- | [[Uruguay]] || [[Image:Uruguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Uzbekistan]] || [[Image:Uzbekistan coa.png|120px|Uzbekistan Coat of Arms]] |} ==V== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Vanuatu]] || [[Image:Vanuatu_coat_of_arms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Vatican City]] || [[Image:Vatican_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Venezuela]] || [[Image:Venezuela_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Vietnam]] || [[Image:Viet-coa.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==W== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Western Sahara]] ([[Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic]]) || [[Image:Lambang_sahara_barat.png]] |- |} ==Y== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Yemen]] || [[Image:Yemencoa.jpg|120px]] |} ==Z== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Zambia]] || [[Image:Zambian_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px|center]] |- |} [[Category:Ba almwali ya bisé|*]] [[en:List of national coats of arms]] [[it:Elenco di stemmi nazionali]] [[nl:Wapenschilden van de wereld]] [[pl:God&#322;a pa&#324;stw &#347;wiata]] [[sk:Gal&#233;ria &#353;t&#225;tnych znakov]] [[sv:Lista över riksvapen]] 5376 2005-07-18T02:23:54Z Themalau 22 {{Nationalflags}} __NOTOC__ {{compactTOC2}} ==A== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Afghanistan]] || [[Image:COA Afghanistan.png|120px]] |- | [[Albania]] || [[Image:Albania_state_emblem.png|120px|center]] |- | [[Algeria]] || [[Image:Algeria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Andorra]] || [[Image:Andorra_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Angola]] || [[Image:Coaofangola.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Antigua and Barbuda]] || [[Image:Antigua_and_barbuda_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Argentina]] || [[Image:Argentina_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Armenia]] || [[Image:Armenia-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Australia]] || [[Image:Aust Coat of Arms (large).jpg|120px]] |- | [[Austria]] || [[Image:Austria coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Azerbaijan]] || [[Image:Azerbaijan coa.png|120px|]] |- |} ==B== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Bahamas]] || [[Image:Bahamas_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bahrain]] || [[Image:Coa_bahrain_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Bangladesh]] || [[Image:Bangladesh_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Barbados]] || [[Image:Barbados_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Belarus]] || [[Image:Belarus_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Belgium]] || [[Image:Belgium_coat_of_arms_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Belize]] || [[Image:Belize_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Benin]] || [[Image:Benin.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bhutan]] || [[Image:Bhutan_emblem.png|120px]] |- | [[Bolivia]] || [[Image:BoliviaArms.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] || [[Image:Bosnia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Botswana]] || [[Image:Bostwanaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Brazil]] || [[Image:Brazil_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Brunei]] || [[Image:Bx-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bulgaria]] || [[Image:Bulgaria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Burkina Faso]] || [[Image:Burkinaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==C== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Cambodia]] || [[Image:Coa cambodia.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Cameroon]] || [[Image:Cameroon coa.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Canada]] || [[Image:Bigcancoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Cape Verde]] || [[Image:Capeverdearms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Central African Republic]] || [[Image:Centralaf22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Chad]] || [[Image:Chad_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Chile]] || [[Image:Shield_cl.gif|120px]] |- | [[People's Republic of China]] || [[Image:PRC coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Colombia]] || [[Image:Colombia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Comoros]] || [[Image:Comoros_coat_of_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] || [[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|120px]] |- | [[Republic of the Congo]] || [[Image:Congocofarms2.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Costa Rica]] || [[Image:CostaRica_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Côte d'Ivoire]] || [[Image:Coa cote d ivory.jpg||120px]] |- | [[Croatia]] || [[Image:Croatia_coat_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Cuba]] || [[Image:Cuba_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Cyprus]] || [[Image:Cyprus_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Czech Republic]] || [[Image:Czech_coatofarms.jpg|120px]] |} ==D== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Denmark]] || [[Image:The_small_Danish_Coat_of_Arms.jpg|120px]] |- |- | [[Dominica]] || [[Image:Dominica23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Dominican Republic]] || [[Image:Dominican_republic_coa.gif|120px]] |} ==E== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[East Timor]] || [[Image:East_timor_coa.png|120px|East Timor COA]] |- | [[Ecuador]] || [[Image:Ecuador COA.jpg|120px|Ecuador COA]] |- | [[Egypt]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Egypt.png|120px|Golden Eagle - Egypt Coat Of Arms]] |- | [[El Salvador]] || [[Image:El Salvador coa.gif|120px|El Salvador COA]] |- | [[Equatorial Guinea]] || [[Image:Equaarms22.PNG|120px|Equatorial Guinea COA]] |- |- | [[Estonia]] || [[Image:Estonia coat-of-arms.jpg|100px|120px|Estonia COA]] |- |} ==F== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Fiji]] || [[Image:Fij-coa.gif|120px]] |- | [[Finland]] || [[Image:Finland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[France]] || [[Image:Armoiries-fr.jpg|120px]] |- |} ==G== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Gabon]] || [[Image:Gabonarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[The Gambia]] || [[Image:Gambiaarms21.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] || [[Image:Georgian_COA.jpg|140px]] |- | [[Germany]] || [[Image:Bundesadler.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[Bundesadler]]'' (Federal Eagle)</small> |- | [[Ghana]] || [[Image:Ghanaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Greece]] || [[Image:Greece_coa.png|120px|Greece Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Grenada]] || [[Image:Grenadaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Guatemala]] || [[Image:GUAcoat.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Guernsey]] || [[Image:Guernsey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Guernsey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Guinea]] || [[Image:Guineaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Guinea-Bissau]] || [[Image:Coaguinea-bissau.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Guyana]] || [[Image:Guyana_coa.png|120px]] |} ==H== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Haiti]] || [[Image:Haiti_coat_of_arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Honduras]] || [[Image:Honduras_COA.gif|120px|Honduras COA]] |- | [[Hungary]] || [[Image:Hungary_COA.jpg|center|120px]] |} ==I== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Iceland]] || [[Image:ISLcoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[India]] || [[Image:EmblemofIndia-small.png|center]] |- | [[Indonesia]] || [[Image:Indonesiacoatofarms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Iran]] || [[Image:Iran_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Iraq]] || [[Image:Iraq-COA.png|120px]] |- | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] || [[Image:Ireland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Isle of Man]] || [[Image:Isle of Man Arms Small.png|120px|Isle of Man Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Israel]] || [[Image:Israel-coa-medium.png|120px]] |- | [[Italy]] || [[Image:Italian_coa.png|120px|Italian COA]] |} ==J== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Japan]] || [[Image:Japan_coa.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[National and Imperial Seal]]''</small> |- | [[Jersey]] || [[Image:Jersey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Jersey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Jordan]] || [[Image:Hashemitearms.jpg|120px|Coat of Arms of Jordan]] |} ==K== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Kazakhstan]] || [[image:Embelm_KZ.png|120px]] |- | [[Kiribati]] || [[Image:Kiribaticoa.gif|120px]] |- | [[North Korea]] || [[Image:North_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[South Korea]] || [[Image:South_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Kuwait]] || [[Image:KUW-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kyrgyzstan]] || [[Image:Kyrgyziarms.gif|120px]] |} ==L== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Laos]] || [[Image:Laos_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Latvia]] || [[Image:Latvijas lielais gerbonis.gif|140px]] |- | [[Lebanon]] || [[Image:Lebanese_COA.png|120px|Lebanese COA]] |- | [[Lesotho]] || [[Image:Lesothoarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Liberia]] || [[Image:Lib-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Libya]] || [[Image:Libyseal.gif|120px|Libya Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Liechtenstein]] || [[Image:Liechtenstein_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Lithuania]] || [[Image:Lithuanian_vytis.png|120px]] |- | [[Luxembourg]] || [[Image:Luxarms.gif|center|120px]] |} ==M== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| (Former Yugoslav) <br> [[Republic of Macedonia]] || [[Image:Grb.gif|120px|Macedonia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Madagascar]] || [[Image:Madagascar_COA.png|120px|Madagasar COA]] |- | [[Malawi]] || [[Image:Malawiarms20.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Malaysia]] || [[Image:Malaysia_Coat_of_Arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Maldives]] || [[Image:Maldives-emblem.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mali]] || [[Image:Maliarms22.PNG]] |- | [[Malta]] || [[Image:Malta_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Marshall Islands]] || [[Image:Marshall_Islands_COA.gif|120px|Marshall Islands COA]] |- | [[Mauritania]] || [[Image:maurarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Mauritius]] || [[Image:Mauritius_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mexico]] || [[Image:Mexico_coat_of_arms_(small).png|120px]] |- | [[Federated States of Micronesia]] || [[Image:Micronesie_COA.gif|120px|Micronesia COA]] |- | [[Moldova]] || [[Image:Mda_coa.gif|120px|Moldova Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Monaco]] || [[Image:Monaco_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mongolia]] || [[Image:Suld.gif|120px]] |- | [[Morocco]] || [[Image:morarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Mozambique]] || [[Image:Mozambique_COA.png|120px|Coat of arms of Mozambique]] |- | [[Myanmar]] || [[Image:Myanmar_COA.gif|120px|Coat of arms of Myanmar]] |} ==N== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Namibia]] || [[Image:Namibia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nauru]] || [[Image:Nauru_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nepal]] || [[Image:Nepal_COA.gif|120px|Nepal COA]] |- | [[Netherlands]] || [[Image:Arms_netherlands_small.gif|120px|Netherlands Coat of Arms]] |- | [[New Zealand]] || [[Image:New_zealand_coa.png|120px|New Zealand COA]] |- | [[Nicaragua]] || [[Image:Nicaragua-coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Niger]] || [[Image:Nigerarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Nigeria]] || [[Image:Nigeriaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Norway]] || [[Image:Norway_coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==O== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Oman]] || [[Image:Khanjar.gif|120px]] |} ==P== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Pakistan]] || [[Image:Pakarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Palau]] ||[http://www.bdarop.com/images/Officials/Executive/execseal.gif] This is the Exectutive<br> Seal, but is close in form<br> to the National Arms. |- | [[Panama]] || [[Image:Escudo_armas_Panama.PNG|120px|Panama COA]] |- | [[Papua New Guinea]] || [[Image:PapuaNewGuinea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Paraguay]] || [[Image:Paraguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Peru]] || [[Image:Coa_Peru.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Philippines]] || [[Image:Philippine_coat-of-arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Poland]] || [[Image:Herb Polski.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Poland]] |- | [[Portugal]] || [[Image:Portugal_coa.png|120px]] |} ==Q== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Qatar]] ||[http://www.qatarembassy.net/headerBanner.jpg] Seal is on left. |} ==R== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Romania]] || [[Image:Coa_romania.png|120px]] |- | [[Russia]] || [[Image:Russia_coa.png|120px]] |- |} ==S== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] || [[Image:skitts22.PNG|120px|Saint Kitts and Nevis: Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Saint Lucia]] || [[Image:St_lucia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] || [[Image:Svincent22.PNG|center|75px]] |- | [[Samoa]] || [[Image:Westasmarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[San Marino]] || [[Image:Smarino.jpg|120px]] |- | [[São Tomé and Príncipe]] || [[Image:Saoprinarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Saudi Arabia]] || [[Image:Saudi coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Scotland]] || [[Image:Scottish royal coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Senegal]] || [[Image:Senegal_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Serbia and Montenegro]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.png|120px|Serbia and Montenegro Caot of Arms]] |- | [[Seychelles]] || [[Image:Seychelles_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sierra Leone]] || [[Image:SLECOA.gif|120px|Sierra Leone Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Singapore]] || [[Image:Symbol_crest.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovakia]] || [[Image:Slovakia_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovenia]] || [[Image:Slovenia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Solomon Islands]] || [[Image:Solomon_Islands_coat_of_arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- |- | [[South Africa]] || [[Image:Za-coa.gif]] |- | [[Spain]] || [[Image:Spain_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sri Lanka]] || [[Image:Sri_lanka_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sudan]] || [[Image:Sudan_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Suriname]] || [[Image:Suriname_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Swaziland]] || [[Image:Swazicoa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sweden]] || [[Image:Sweden_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Switzerland]] || [[Image:Switzerland_CoA.png|120px]] |- | [[Syria]] || [[Image:Syrlogo.jpg|120px]] |} ==T== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| Taiwan ([[Republic of China]]) || [[Image:Republic_of_China_National_Emblem.png|120px|National Emblem of the Republic of China]] |- | [[Tajikistan]] || [[Image:Coa tajikistan.jpg|120px]] | [[Thailand]] || [[Image:Thailand_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Togo]] || [[Image:Togoarms22.PNG|center|120px]] |- | [[Tonga]] || [[Image:Tongaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Trinidad and Tobago]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms_Trinidad_and_Tobago.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tunisia]] || [[Image:Armes_tunisie.jpg|120px|Tunisia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Turkey]] || Turkey has no<br> recognized or <br>established<br> national coat<br> of arms |- | [[Turkmenistan]] || [[Image:Turkmenistan coa.jpg|120px|Turkmenistan Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Tuvalu]] || [[Image:Tuvalu-coa.jpg|120px]] |} ==U== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| | [[Ukraine]] || [[Image:Ukraine_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[United Arab Emirates]] || [[Image:NationalArmsofUAE.png|120px]] |- | [[United Kingdom]] || [[Image:UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[United States]] || [[Image:Great Seal of the US.png|120px|Great Seal of the U.S.]] |- | [[Uruguay]] || [[Image:Uruguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Uzbekistan]] || [[Image:Uzbekistan coa.png|120px|Uzbekistan Coat of Arms]] |} ==V== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Vanuatu]] || [[Image:Vanuatu_coat_of_arms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Vatican City]] || [[Image:Vatican_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Venezuela]] || [[Image:Venezuela_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Vietnam]] || [[Image:Viet-coa.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==W== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Western Sahara]] ([[Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic]]) || [[Image:Lambang_sahara_barat.png]] |- |} ==Y== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Yemen]] || [[Image:Yemencoa.jpg|120px]] |} ==Z== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Zambia]] || [[Image:Zambian_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px|center]] |- |} [[Category:Ba almwali ya bisé|*]] [[en:List of national coats of arms]] [[it:Elenco di stemmi nazionali]] [[nl:Wapenschilden van de wereld]] [[pl:God&#322;a pa&#324;stw &#347;wiata]] [[sk:Gal&#233;ria &#353;t&#225;tnych znakov]] [[sv:Lista över riksvapen]] 6671 2005-11-05T04:28:28Z Blockinblox 38 this page is an exact duplicate, should be a redirect #redirect [[Molongo ya ba almwali ya bisé ya mokili]] Template:CompactTOC2 1597 5370 2005-07-18T02:13:42Z Themalau 22 {| id="toc" border="0" ! {{MediaWiki:Toc}}: | [[#top|Top]] - [[#0-9|0-9]] [[#A|A]] [[#B|B]] [[#C|C]] [[#D|D]] [[#E|E]] [[#F|F]] [[#G|G]] [[#H|H]] [[#I|I]] [[#J|J]] [[#K|K]] [[#L|L]] [[#M|M]] [[#N|N]] [[#O|O]] [[#P|P]] [[#Q|Q]] [[#R|R]] [[#S|S]] [[#T|T]] [[#U|U]] [[#V|V]] [[#W|W]] [[#X|X]] [[#Y|Y]] [[#Z|Z]] __NOTOC__ |} Lokótá ya Lɛ́ta 1598 5377 2005-07-18T02:40:59Z Themalau 22 '''Lokótá ya Leta''' ezali lokóta oyo leta (to mpe [[bulamatari]]) ya [[esé]] (to mpe [[ekolo]]) moko, aponi pona kosalela na ba buku, mpe na malobi makonzi naye. Ezalaka mpe mingni-mingi lokótá oyo esalelamaka pona kotangisa na kelasi ya bana-ekolo ina. (i.e: lifalansé ezali moko nakati ya nkotá mibale ya leta ya [[Kanada]]) [[Category:Nkotá ya mokili]] [[fr:langue]] 5378 2005-07-18T02:41:24Z Themalau 22 '''Lokótá ya Leta''' ezali lokóta oyo leta (to mpe [[bulamatari]]) ya [[esé]] (to mpe [[ekolo]]) moko, aponi pona kosalela na ba buku, mpe na malobi makonzi naye. Ezalaka mpe mingni-mingi lokótá oyo esalelamaka pona kotangisa na kelasi ya bana-ekolo ina. (i.e: [[lifalansé]] ezali moko nakati ya nkotá mibale ya leta ya [[Kanada]]) [[Category:Nkotá ya mokili]] [[fr:langue]] 5379 2005-07-18T02:43:08Z Themalau 22 '''Lokótá ya Leta''' ezali lokóta oyo leta (to mpe [[bulamatari]]) ya [[esé]] (to mpe [[ekolo]]) moko, aponi pona kosalela na ba buku, mpe na malobi makonzi naye. Ezalaka mpe mingni-mingi lokótá oyo esalelamaka pona kotangisa na kelasi ya bana-ekolo ina. (i.e: [[lifalansé]] ezali moko nakati ya nkotá mibale ya leta ya [[Kanada]]) [[Category:Nkotá ya mokili]] [[fr:langue officielle]] 5380 2005-07-18T02:46:27Z Themalau 22 '''Lokótá ya Leta''' ezali lokóta oyo leta (to mpe [[bulamatari]]) ya [[esé]] (to mpe [[ekolo]]) moko, aponi pona kosalela na ba buku, mpe na malobi makonzi naye. Ezalaka mpe mingni-mingi lokótá oyo esalelamaka pona kotangisa na kelasi ya bana-ekolo ina. (i.e: [[lifalansé]] ezali moko nakati ya nkotá mibale ya leta ya [[Kanada]]) [[Molongo ya nkotá ya leta mokili]] [[Category:Nkotá ya mokili]] [[fr:langue officielle]] 7540 2006-01-06T08:40:05Z Moyogo 11 ortho '''Lokótá ya Lɛ́ta''' ezalí lokótá óyo Lɛ́ta (tǒ mpé [[bulamatari]]) ya [[esé]], tǒ mpé [[ekólo]]) mɔ̌kɔ́, aponí mpɔ̂ na kosalela na babúku, mpé na malobi makonzi na ye. Ezalaka mpé míngi-míngi lokótá óyo esalelamaka mpɔ̌ na kotangisa na kelasi ya bǎna-ekólo êná. (Ndakisa : [[lifalansé]] ezalí mɔ̌kɔ́ na káti ya nkótá míbalé ya lɛ́ta ya [[Kanadá]]) [[Molɔngɔ́ ya nkótá ya lɛ́ta mokili]] [[Category:Nkótá ya mokili]] [[fr:langue officielle]] 7542 2006-01-06T08:40:51Z Moyogo 11 [[Lokóta ya Leta]] moved to [[Lokótá ya Lɛ́ta]] '''Lokótá ya Lɛ́ta''' ezalí lokótá óyo Lɛ́ta (tǒ mpé [[bulamatari]]) ya [[esé]], tǒ mpé [[ekólo]]) mɔ̌kɔ́, aponí mpɔ̂ na kosalela na babúku, mpé na malobi makonzi na ye. Ezalaka mpé míngi-míngi lokótá óyo esalelamaka mpɔ̌ na kotangisa na kelasi ya bǎna-ekólo êná. (Ndakisa : [[lifalansé]] ezalí mɔ̌kɔ́ na káti ya nkótá míbalé ya lɛ́ta ya [[Kanadá]]) [[Molɔngɔ́ ya nkótá ya lɛ́ta mokili]] [[Category:Nkótá ya mokili]] [[fr:langue officielle]] 8884 2006-07-13T13:21:57Z Moyogo 11 '''Lokótá ya Lɛ́ta''' ezalí [[lokótá]] óyo Lɛ́ta (tǒ mpé [[bulamatari]]) ya [[esé]], tǒ mpé [[ekólo]]) mɔ̌kɔ́, aponí mpɔ̂ na kosalela na babúku, mpé na malobi makonzi na ye. Ezalaka mpé míngi-míngi lokótá óyo esalelamaka mpɔ̌ na kotangisa na kelasi ya bǎna-ekólo êná. (Ndakisa : [[lifalansé]] ezalí mɔ̌kɔ́ na káti ya nkótá míbalé ya lɛ́ta ya [[Kanadá]]) [[Molɔngɔ́ ya nkótá ya lɛ́ta mokili]] [[Category:Nkótá ya mokili]] [[fr:langue officielle]] 9566 2006-10-24T04:46:42Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: af, als, an, ang, ar, ast, bat-smg, be, bg, br, ca, cs, cy, da, de, el, en, eo, es, et, fa, fi, gd, he, hr, hu, id, is, it, ja, ka, ko, la, lb, li, lt, lv, mk, ms, nds, nl, no, nrm, oc, pl, pt, rmy, ro, ru, simple, sk, sl, sr, sv, ta, '''Lokótá ya Lɛ́ta''' ezalí [[lokótá]] óyo Lɛ́ta (tǒ mpé [[bulamatari]]) ya [[esé]], tǒ mpé [[ekólo]]) mɔ̌kɔ́, aponí mpɔ̂ na kosalela na babúku, mpé na malobi makonzi na ye. Ezalaka mpé míngi-míngi lokótá óyo esalelamaka mpɔ̌ na kotangisa na kelasi ya bǎna-ekólo êná. (Ndakisa : [[lifalansé]] ezalí mɔ̌kɔ́ na káti ya nkótá míbalé ya lɛ́ta ya [[Kanadá]]) [[Molɔngɔ́ ya nkótá ya lɛ́ta mokili]] [[Category:Nkótá ya mokili]] [[af:Amptelike taal]] [[als:Amtssprache]] [[an:Idioma ofizial]] [[ang:Ambihtlicu sprǣc]] [[ar:لغة رسمية]] [[ast:Idioma oficial]] [[bat-smg:Valstībėnė kalba]] [[be:Афіцыйная мова]] [[bg:Официален език]] [[br:Yezh ofisiel]] [[ca:Llengua oficial]] [[cs:Úřední jazyk]] [[cy:Iaith swyddogol]] [[da:Officielt sprog]] [[de:Amtssprache]] [[el:Επίσημη γλώσσα]] [[en:Official language]] [[eo:Oficiala lingvo]] [[es:Idioma oficial]] [[et:Riigikeel]] [[fa:زبان رسمی]] [[fi:Virallinen kieli]] [[fr:Langue officielle]] [[gd:Cànan Oifigeil]] [[he:שפה רשמית]] [[hr:Službeni jezik]] [[hu:Hivatalos nyelv]] [[id:Bahasa resmi]] [[is:Opinbert tungumál]] [[it:Lingua ufficiale]] [[ja:公用語]] [[ka:სახელმწიფო ენა]] [[ko:공용어]] [[la:Lingua publica]] [[lb:Offiziell Sprooch]] [[li:Offesjeel taol]] [[lt:Valstybinė kalba]] [[lv:Valsts valoda]] [[mk:Официјален јазик]] [[ms:Bahasa rasmi]] [[nds:Amtsspraak]] [[nl:Officiële taal]] [[no:Offisielt språk]] [[nrm:Langue officielle]] [[oc:Lenga oficiala]] [[pl:Język urzędowy]] [[pt:Língua oficial]] [[rmy:Prinjardi chhib]] [[ro:Limbă oficială]] [[ru:Официальный язык]] [[simple:Official language]] [[sk:Úradný jazyk]] [[sl:Uradni jezik]] [[sr:Службени језик]] [[sv:Officiellt språk]] [[ta:ஆட்சி மொழி]] [[th:ภาษาราชการ]] [[tl:Opisyal na wika]] [[tr:Resmî dil]] [[tt:Räsmi tel]] [[udm:Официальной кыл]] [[uk:Державна мова]] [[zh:官方语言]] [[zh-min-nan:Koaⁿ-hong gí-giân]] 10012 2006-12-19T22:10:57Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: bs, ku, ru-sib, sh '''Lokótá ya Lɛ́ta''' ezalí [[lokótá]] óyo Lɛ́ta (tǒ mpé [[bulamatari]]) ya [[esé]], tǒ mpé [[ekólo]]) mɔ̌kɔ́, aponí mpɔ̂ na kosalela na babúku, mpé na malobi makonzi na ye. Ezalaka mpé míngi-míngi lokótá óyo esalelamaka mpɔ̌ na kotangisa na kelasi ya bǎna-ekólo êná. (Ndakisa : [[lifalansé]] ezalí mɔ̌kɔ́ na káti ya nkótá míbalé ya lɛ́ta ya [[Kanadá]]) [[Molɔngɔ́ ya nkótá ya lɛ́ta mokili]] [[Category:Nkótá ya mokili]] [[af:Amptelike taal]] [[als:Amtssprache]] [[an:Idioma ofizial]] [[ang:Ambihtlicu sprǣc]] [[ar:لغة رسمية]] [[ast:Idioma oficial]] [[bat-smg:Valstībėnė kalba]] [[be:Афіцыйная мова]] [[bg:Официален език]] [[br:Yezh ofisiel]] [[bs:Službeni jezik]] [[ca:Llengua oficial]] [[cs:Úřední jazyk]] [[cy:Iaith swyddogol]] [[da:Officielt sprog]] [[de:Amtssprache]] [[el:Επίσημη γλώσσα]] [[en:Official language]] [[eo:Oficiala lingvo]] [[es:Idioma oficial]] [[et:Riigikeel]] [[fa:زبان رسمی]] [[fi:Virallinen kieli]] [[fr:Langue officielle]] [[gd:Cànan Oifigeil]] [[he:שפה רשמית]] [[hr:Službeni jezik]] [[hu:Hivatalos nyelv]] [[id:Bahasa resmi]] [[is:Opinbert tungumál]] [[it:Lingua ufficiale]] [[ja:公用語]] [[ka:სახელმწიფო ენა]] [[ko:공용어]] [[ku:Zimanên fermî]] [[la:Lingua publica]] [[lb:Offiziell Sprooch]] [[li:Offesjeel taol]] [[lt:Valstybinė kalba]] [[lv:Valsts valoda]] [[mk:Официјален јазик]] [[ms:Bahasa rasmi]] [[nds:Amtsspraak]] [[nl:Officiële taal]] [[no:Offisielt språk]] [[nrm:Langue officielle]] [[oc:Lenga oficiala]] [[pl:Język urzędowy]] [[pt:Língua oficial]] [[rmy:Prinjardi chhib]] [[ro:Limbă oficială]] [[ru:Официальный язык]] [[ru-sib:Державной говор]] [[sh:Službeni jezik]] [[simple:Official language]] [[sk:Úradný jazyk]] [[sl:Uradni jezik]] [[sr:Службени језик]] [[sv:Officiellt språk]] [[ta:ஆட்சி மொழி]] [[th:ภาษาราชการ]] [[tl:Opisyal na wika]] [[tr:Resmî dil]] [[tt:Räsmi tel]] [[udm:Официальной кыл]] [[uk:Державна мова]] [[zh:官方语言]] [[zh-min-nan:Koaⁿ-hong gí-giân]] Molɔngɔ́ ya nkótá ya lɛ́ta mokili 1599 5381 2005-07-18T02:46:52Z Themalau 22 [[ast:Llista de llingües oficiales]] [[de:Liste der Amtssprachen]] [[en:List of official languages]] [[ko:세계 나라의 공용어]] [[pl:Rozprzestrzenienie języków urzędowych]] [[ru:Список государственных языков]] [[zh:官方语言列表]] [[catégorie:Linguistique]] [[catégorie:Liste de pays|Langues officielles, liste des]] Cette page recense les '''[[langue officielle|langues officielles]]''' dans les pays du monde. Les astérisques (*) indiquent les langues qui ne sont officielles que dans une partie du territoire (États, cantons, provinces...). L'[[Image:india_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Inde]] disposant, outre l'[[anglais]] et le [[hindi]], de vingt autres langues officielles, ces dernières ne figurent pas dans la liste et on se reportera à l'article sur les [[langues de l'Inde]]. <!-- See also [[List of official languages by institution]] for the official languages of regional or international institutions. --> L''''[[afrikaans]]''' est une langue officielle en : *[[Image:south_africa_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Afrique du Sud]] (avec l'anglais, le ndébélé*, le sesotho*, le sotho*, le swazi*, le tsonga*, le tswana*, le venda*, le xhosa* et le zoulou*) L''''[[albanais]]''' est une langue officielle de : *[[Image:albania_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Albanie]] *[[Kosovo]] (avec le serbe) *[[Image:macedonia_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Macédoine (pays)|Macédoine]] (avec le macédonien) L''''[[allemand]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:germany_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Allemagne]] *[[Image:austria_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Autriche]] *[[Image:belgium_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Belgique]] (avec le néerlandais* et le français*) *[[Image:italy_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Italie]] (dans la province de [[Bolzano]], avec l'italien) *[[Image:liechtenstein_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Liechtenstein]] *[[Image:luxembourg_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Luxembourg (pays)|Luxembourg]] (après le luxembourgeois, langue nationale, et le français) *[[Image:Switzerland_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Suisse]] (avec le français, l'italien et le romanche*) **17 des 26 [[cantons suisses]] (seul) **[[Grisons]] (avec l'italien et le romanche*) **[[Berne (canton)|Berne]], [[Fribourg (canton)|Fribourg]], [[Valais]] (avec le français) L''''[[anglais]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:south_africa_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Afrique du Sud]] (avec l'afrikaans, le ndébélé*, le sesotho*, le sotho*, le swazi*, le tsonga*, le tswana*, le venda*, le xhosa* et le zoulou*) *[[Image:australia_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Australie]] *[[Image:bahamas_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Bahamas]] *[[Image:botswana_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Botswana]] (mais la langue nationale est le setswana) *[[Image:Cameroon_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Cameroun]] (avec le français) *[[Image:Canada_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Canada]] (avec le français) *[[Image:Cyprus_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Chypre (pays)|Chypre]] (avec le grec) *[[Image:dominica_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Dominique (pays)|Dominique]] *[[Image:Us_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[États-Unis d'Amérique|États-Unis]] (le gouvernement n'a pas de langue officielle, l'anglais est la première langue par tradition, pas par la loi. L'anglais est la langue officielle dans les États suivants : **[[Alabama]] **[[Arizona]] **[[Arkansas]] **[[Californie]] **[[Caroline du Nord]] **[[Caroline du Sud]] **[[Colorado]] **[[Dakota du Nord]] **[[Dakota du Sud]] **[[Floride]] **[[Géorgie (État)|Géorgie]] **[[Hawaii]] (avec l'[[hawaiien]]) **[[Illinois]] **[[Indiana]] **[[Kentucky]] **[[Louisiane]] **[[Mississippi (État)|Mississippi]] **[[Montana]] **[[Nebraska]] **[[New Hampshire]] **[[Nouveau-Mexique]] (avec l'espagnol) **[[Image:puerto_rico_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Porto Rico]] (avec l'espagnol) **[[Tennessee]] **[[Virginie]] **[[Wyoming]] *[[Image:fiji_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Fidji]] (mais la langue nationale est le fidjien) *[[Image:gambia_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Gambie]] *[[Image:ghana_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Ghana]] *[[Image:hong_kong_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Hong Kong]] (avec le chinois) *[[Image:india_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Inde]] (avec le hindi et 32 langues officielles régionales) *[[Image:Kiribati flag large.png|20px|]][[Kiribati]] *[[Image:jamaica_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Jamaïque]] *[[Image:kenya_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Kenya]] (avec le swahili) *[[Image:Kiribati flag large.png|20px|]][[Kiribati]] *[[Image:liberia_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Libéria]] *[[Image:malawi_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Malawi]] *[[Image:Nauru_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Nauru]] (avec le nauruan) *[[Image:Nigeria_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Nigeria]] *[[Image:new_zealand_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Nouvelle-Zélande]] (langue officielle par tradition ; l'autre reconnue par la loi est le [[maori|ma-ori]]) *[[Image:uganda_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Ouganda]] *[[Image:Pakistan_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Pakistan]] *[[Image:philippines_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Philippines]] (avec le [[tagalog]]) *[[Image:ireland_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Irlande (pays)|Irlande]] (officielle mais secondaire, avec l'[[irlandais]]) *[[Image:Sierra_leone_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Sierra Leone]] *[[Image:singapore_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Singapour]] (avec le malais, le tamoul et le mandarin) L''''[[arabe]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:algeria_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Algérie]] *[[Image:saudi_arabia_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Arabie saoudite]] *[[Image:bahrain_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Bahreïn]] *[[Image:Djibouti_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Djibouti]] *[[Image:uae_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Émirats arabes unis]] *[[Image:iraq_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Irak]] (avec le kurde*) *[[Image:israel_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Israël]] (avec l'hébreu) *[[Image:lebanon_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Liban]] *[[Image:Oman_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Oman]] *[[Drapeau_Palestine.gif|20px|]] [[Palestine]] *[[Image:Flag of Qatar.png|20px|]] [[Qatar]] *[[Image:sudan_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Soudan]] *[[Image:Syria_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Syrie]] *[[Image:chad_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Tchad]] *[[Image:yemen_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Yémen]] L''''[[aranais]]''' est une langue officielle régionale en : *[[Image:Spain_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Espagne]] (co-officielle dans le [[Val d'Aran]] avec l'espagnol) L''''[[arménien]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:armenia_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Arménie]] L''''[[azéri]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:azerbaijan_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Azerbaïdjan]] Le '''[[Indonésien|bahasa indonesia]]''' (ou malais-indonésien) est la langue officielle de : *l'[[Image:indonesia_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Indonésie]] Le '''[[basque]]''' est une langue officielle régionale de : *[[Image:Spain_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Espagne]] (co-officielle au [[Pays basque]] avec l'espagnol) Le '''[[bengali]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:Bangladesh_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Bangladesh]] *[[Image:india_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Inde]] (langue constitutionnelle et l'une des 32 langues régionales officielles, officielle dans les États suivants :) **[[Bengale occidental]] **[[Tripura]] (avec le tripuri*) Le '''[[bulgare]]''' est la langue officielle de : *la [[Image:bulgaria_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Bulgarie]] Le '''[[catalan]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:andorra_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Andorre]] *[[Image:Spain_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Espagne]] (co-officielle aux [[îles Baléares]], en [[Catalogne]] et à[[Valence (Espagne)|Valence]] (en tant que valencien) avec l'espagnol) Le '''[[langue chinoise|chinois]]''', ''hanyu'' ?? ou ?? parfois nommé [[mandarin]] (''guanhua''?? ou ??) est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:china_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Chine]] dénommé localement langue commune, ''putonghua'' ??? ou ??? *[[Image:singapore_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Singapour]] dénommé localement ''huayu''?? ou ??(avec l'anglais, le malais et le tamoul) *[[image:taiwan flag large.png|20px|]] [[Taiwan]] dénommé localement langue nationale, ''guoyu'' ?? ou ?? Le '''[[coréen]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:north_korea_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Corée du Nord]] *[[Image:south_korea_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Corée du Sud]] Le '''[[créole haïtien]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:haiti_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Haïti]] (avec le français) Le '''[[danois]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:Denmark_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Danemark]] *[[Îles Féroé]] (avec le féroïen) *[[Groenland]] (à parité avec l'[[Langue inuit|inuit]] groenlandais) Le '''[[dari]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:Afghanistan flag large.png|20px|]] [[Afghanistan]] (avec le pachtou) Le '''[[rDzong-kha]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:Bhutan_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Bhoutan]] L''''[[espagnol]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:argentina_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Argentine]] *[[Image:bolivia_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Bolivie]] (aux côtés de l'[[aymara]] et le [[quechua]]) *[[Image:Chile_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Chili]] *[[Image:Colombia_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Colombie]] *[[]] [[Costa-Rica]] *[[]] [[République Dominicaine]] *[[Image:ecuador_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Équateur (pays)|Équateur]] *[[Image:Spain_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Espagne]] (avec l'aragonais*, le basque*, le catalan* et le galicien*) *[[Image:Us_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[États-Unis d'Amérique|États-Unis]] (co-officiel avec l'anglais dans le [[Nouveau-Mexique]] et à [[Image:puerto_rico_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Porto Rico]]) *[[Image:Guatemala_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Guatemala]] *[[Image:equatorial_guinea_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Guinée équatoriale]] (aux côtés du [[bubi]] et du [[fang]]) *[[Image:honduras_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Honduras]] *[[Image:mexico_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Mexique]] *[[Image:nicaragua_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Nicaragua]] *[[Image:panama_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Panama]] *[[Image:paraguay_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Paraguay]] (avec le [[guarani]]) *[[Image:Peru_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Pérou]] (avec le [[quechua]]) *[[Image:el_salvador_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Salvador]] *[[Image:venezuela_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Venezuela]] *[[Image:uruguay_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Uruguay]] Le '''[[finnois]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:Finland_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Finlande]] (avec le suédois) Le '''[[français]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:belgium_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Belgique]] (avec le néerlandais* et l'allemand*) *[[Image:Canada_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Canada]] (avec l'anglais) **[[Nouveau-Brunswick]] (avec l'anglais) **[[Québec]] *[[Image:burkina_faso_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Burkina Faso]] *[[Image:congo_republic_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Congo]] *[[Image:congo_democratic_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[République démocratique du Congo]] *[[Image:Cote_d'ivoire_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Côte d'Ivoire]] *[[Image:Djibouti_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Djibouti]] *[[Image:France_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[France]] (dans la constitution depuis [[1993]]) *[[Image:haiti_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Haïti]] (avec le créole haïtien) *[[Image:italy_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Italie]] (dans le [[Val-d'Aoste]], avec l'italien) *[[Image:mali_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Mali]] *[[Image:Mauritius_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Maurice (pays)|Maurice]] (avec l'anglais) *[[Image:monaco_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Monaco]] *[[Image:Switzerland_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Suisse]] (avec l'allemand, l'italien et le romanche) **[[Genève (canton)|Genève]], [[Vaud]], [[Jura (canton)|Jura]], [[Neuchâtel (canton)|Neuchâtel]] **[[Fribourg (canton)|Fribourg]], [[Berne (canton)|Berne]], [[Valais]] (avec l'allemand) *[[Image:Senegal_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Sénégal]] *[[Image:chad_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Tchad]] *[[Image:Togo flag large.png|20px|]] [[Togo]] avec l'[[Éwé]] et le [[Kabyé]] Le '''[[galicien]]''' est une langue officielle régionale de : *[[Image:Spain_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Espagne]] (co-officielle en [[Galice]] avec l'espagnol) Le '''[[gallois]]''' est une langue officielle du : *[[Pays de Galles]] (avec l'anglais) Le '''[[grec]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:greece_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Grèce]] *[[Image:Cyprus_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Chypre (pays)|Chypre]] (avec l'anglais) Le '''[[gilbertin]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:Kiribati flag large.png|20px|]][[Kiribati]] avec l'[[anglais]] *il est parlé également sur Rabi [[Image:fiji_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Fidji]] L''''[[hawaiien]]''' est une langue officielle régionale des : *''[[Image:Us_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[États-Unis d'Amérique|États-Unis]] :'' **[[Hawaii]] (avec l'anglais) L''''[[hébreu]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:israel_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Israël]] (avec l'arabe) Le '''[[hongrois]]''' est la langue officielle de la : *[[Image:hungary_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Hongrie]] *On trouve également des minorités hongroises bénéficiant de droits reconnus par les autorités locales en [[Image:romania_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Roumanie]], en [[Image:Slovakia_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Slovaquie]], en [[Image:serbia_and_montenegro_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Serbie]] ([[Voïvodine]]). L''''[[irlandais]]''' est la première langue officielle de : *[[Image:ireland_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Irlande (pays)|Irlande]] (avec l'anglais comme seconde langue officielle) L''''[[italien]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:italy_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Italie]] (avec l'allemand*, le français*, le ladin* et le sarde* dans certaines régions) *[[Image:Switzerland_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Suisse]] (avec l'allemand, le français et le romanche*) **[[Tessin]] **[[Grisons]] (avec l'allemand et le romanche*) *[[Image:san_marino_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Saint-Marin]] *[[Image:Vatican flag large.png|20px|]] [[Vatican]] (avec le latin) Le '''[[japonais]]''' est la langue officielle du : *[[Image:japan_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Japon]] Le '''[[kazakh]]''' est la langue officielle du : *[[Image:Kazakhstan_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Kazakhstan]] Le '''[[khmer]]''' est la langue officielle du : *[[Image:cambodia_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Cambodge]] Le '''[[kurde]]''' est une langue officielle régionale de : *l'[[Image:iraq_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Irak]] (seulement dans les régions kurdes, avec l'arabe) Le '''[[ladin]]''' est une langue officielle régionale de : *l'[[Image:italy_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Italie]] (seulement dans les [[Dolomites]], avec l'italien) Le '''[[lao]]''' est la langue officielle du : *[[Image:laos_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Laos]] Le '''[[latin]]''' est la langue officielle du : *[[Image:Vatican flag large.png|20px|]] [[Vatican]] (Saint-Siège) Le '''[[letton]]''' est la langue officielle de la : *[[Image:latvia_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Lettonie]] Le '''[[lituanien]]''' est la langue officielle de la : *[[Image:lithuania_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Lituanie]] Le '''[[luxembourgeois]]''' est depuis 1984 langue officielle du *[[Image:luxembourg_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Luxembourg (pays)|Luxembourg]] (mais le français et l'allemand y ont gardé leur place officielle) Le '''[[malais]]''' (ou ''[malais-indonésien]'') est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:brunei_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Brunei]] *[[Image:malaysia_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Malaisie]] *[[Image:indonesia_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Indonésie]] (voir ''bahasa indonesia'') *[[Image:singapore_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Singapour]] (avec l'anglais, le chinois et le tamoul) Le '''[[maltais]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:malta_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Malte]] (avec l'anglais) Le '''[[maori|ma-ori]]''' est une langue officielle de : *[[Image:new_zealand_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Nouvelle-Zélande]] (avec l'anglais) Le '''[[moldave]]''' (dénomination locale du ''[roumain]'') est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:moldova_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Moldavie]] dénomination du pays utilisée officiellement « Moldova » Le '''[[nauruan]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:Nauru_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Nauru]] (avec l'anglais) Le '''[[ndébélé]]''' est une langue officielle régionale de : *[[Image:south_africa_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Afrique du Sud]] (avec l'afrikaans, l'anglais, le sesotho*, le sotho*, le swazi*, le tsonga*, le tswana*, le venda*, le xhosa* et le zoulou*) Le '''[[néerlandais]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:belgium_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Belgique]] (avec l'allemand* et le français*) *[[Image:netherlands_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Pays-Bas]] *[[Image:suriname_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Suriname]] Le '''[[népalais]]''' est la langue officielle du : *[[Image:nepal_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Népal]] L''''[[ourdou]]''' est une langue officielle de : *[[Image:india_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Inde]] (régionalement, avec l'anglais et le hindi) *[[Image:Pakistan_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Pakistan]] Le '''[[pachtoune]]''' est une langue officielle de : *[[Image:Afghanistan flag large.png|20px|]] [[Afghanistan]] (avec le dari) Le '''[[pilipino]]''' (''tagalog'') est la langue officielle des : *[[Image:philippines_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Philippines]] (avec l'anglais) Le '''[[polonais]]''' est une langue officielle de : *[[Image:poland_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Pologne]] Le '''[[portugais]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:angola_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Angola]] *[[Image:brazil_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Brésil]] *[[Image:Cape_verde_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Cap-Vert]] *[[Image:east_timor_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Timor oriental]] *[[Image:Guinea bissau flag large.png|20px|]][[Guinée-Bissau]] *[[Image:mozambique_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Mozambique]] *[[Image:portugal_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Portugal]] *[[Image:sao_tome_and_principe_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Sao Tomé-et-Principe]] Le '''[[romanche]]''' est langue nationale depuis [[1938]], langue officielle régionale de : *[[Image:Switzerland_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Suisse]] (avec l'allemand, le français et l'italien) **[[Grisons]] (avec l'allemand et l'italien) Le '''[[roumain]]''' (appelé aussi [[daco-roumain]]) est la langue officielle de la *[[Image:romania_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Roumanie]] et de la *[[Image:moldova_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Moldavie]]. Le '''[[russe]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:belarus_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Biélorussie]] ou ''Belarus'' (avec le biélorussien) *[[Image:Kazakhstan_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Kazakhstan]] (avec le kazakh) *[[Image:russia_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Russie]] *[[Image:ukraine_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Ukraine]] (en république autonome de Crimée) Le '''[[sarde]]''' est une langue officielle régionale de : *[[Image:italy_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Italie]] (partiellement officiel en [[Sardaigne]], avec l'italien) Le '''[[sesotho]]''' (''sotho du Sud'') est une langue officielle régionale de : *[[Image:south_africa_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Afrique du Sud]] (avec l'afrikaans, l'anglais, le ndébélé*, le sotho*, le swazi*, le tsonga*, le tswana*, le venda*, le xhosa* et le zoulou*) Le '''[[singhalais]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:sri_lanka_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Sri Lanka]] (avec le tamoul) Le '''[[sotho]]''' est une langue officielle régionale de : *[[Image:south_africa_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Afrique du Sud]] (avec l'afrikaans, l'anglais, le ndébélé*, le sesotho*, le swazi*, le tsonga*, le tswana*, le venda*, le xhosa* et le zoulou*) Le '''[[swahili]]''' est une langue officielle du : *[[Image:kenya_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Kenya]] (avec l'anglais) Le '''[[swazi]]''' est une langue officielle régionale de : *[[Image:south_africa_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Afrique du Sud]] (avec l'afrikaans, l'anglais, le ndébélé*, le sesotho*, le sotho*, le tsonga*, le tswana*, le venda*, le xhosa* et le zoulou*) Le '''[[slovaque]]''' est une langue officielle de la: *[[Image:Slovakia_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Slovaquie]] Le '''[[slovène]]''' est une langue officielle de la: *[[Image:slovenia_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Slovénie]] Le '''[[suédois]]''' est une langue officielle de : *[[Image:Sweden_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Suède]] *[[Image:Finland_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Finlande]] (avec le finnois) **[[Åland]] (uniquement suédophone) (une province autonome sous souveraineté finlandaise) Le '''[[tahitien]]''' est une langue officielle de : *[[Polynésie française]] (avec le français) Le '''[[tamoul]]''' est une langue officielle de : *[[Image:singapore_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Singapour]] (avec l'anglais, le malais et le chinois) *[[Image:india_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Inde]] (régionalement, avec l'anglais et l'hindi) *[[Image:sri_lanka_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Sri Lanka]] (avec le cinghalais) Le '''[[tchèque]]''' est une langue officielle de la: *[[Image:Czech republic flag medium.png|20px]] [[République tchèque]] Le '''[[tsonga]]''' est une langue officielle régionale de : *[[Image:south_africa_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Afrique du Sud]] (avec l'afrikaans, l'anglais, le ndébélé*, le sesotho*, le sotho*, le swazi*, le tswana*, le venda*, le xhosa* et le zoulou*) Le '''[[tswana]]''' est une langue officielle régionale de : *[[Image:south_africa_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Afrique du Sud]] (avec l'afrikaans, l'anglais, le ndébélé*, le sesotho*, le sotho*, le swazi*, le tsonga*, le venda*, le xhosa* et le zoulou*) Le '''[[turc]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:turkey_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Turquie]] *[[République turque de Chypre nord]] (non reconnue internationalement) L''''[[ukrainien]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:ukraine_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Ukraine]] Le '''[[venda]]''' est une langue officielle régionale de : *[[Image:south_africa_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Afrique du Sud]] (avec l'afrikaans, l'anglais, le ndébélé*, le sesotho*, le sotho*, le swazi*, le tsonga*, le tswana*, le xhosa* et le zoulou*) Le '''[[vietnamien]]''' est la langue officielle du : *[[Image:vietnam_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Viêt Nam]] Le '''[[xhosa]]''' est une langue officielle régionale de : *[[Image:south_africa_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Afrique du Sud]] (avec l'afrikaans, l'anglais, le ndébélé*, le sesotho*, le sotho*, le swazi*, le tsonga*, le tswana*, le venda* et le zoulou*) Le '''[[zoulou]]''' est une langue officielle régionale de : *[[Image:south_africa_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Afrique du Sud]] (avec l'afrikaans, l'anglais, le ndébélé*, le sesotho*, le sotho*, le swazi*, le tsonga*, le tswana*, le venda* et le xhosa*) ==Voir aussi== *[[liste des pays du monde]] ==Liens externes== * [http://www.cnig.fr/default.asp?LINK=zoomIdx&ID_ARTICLE=152&ID_TOPIC=19&ID_FOLDER=0&ID_QUALIF=0 Liste officielle publique française (au format microsoft), avec noms courts et noms lons, noms de capitales et langues] 6759 2005-11-05T18:28:54Z Blockinblox 38 {{lingála tɛ́}} {{lingála tɛ́}} [[ast:Llista de llingües oficiales]] [[de:Liste der Amtssprachen]] [[en:List of official languages]] [[ko:세계 나라의 공용어]] [[pl:Rozprzestrzenienie języków urzędowych]] [[ru:Список государственных языков]] [[zh:官方语言列表]] [[catégorie:Linguistique]] [[catégorie:Liste de pays|Langues officielles, liste des]] Cette page recense les '''[[langue officielle|langues officielles]]''' dans les pays du monde. Les astérisques (*) indiquent les langues qui ne sont officielles que dans une partie du territoire (États, cantons, provinces...). L'[[Image:india_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Inde]] disposant, outre l'[[anglais]] et le [[hindi]], de vingt autres langues officielles, ces dernières ne figurent pas dans la liste et on se reportera à l'article sur les [[langues de l'Inde]]. <!-- See also [[List of official languages by institution]] for the official languages of regional or international institutions. --> L''''[[afrikaans]]''' est une langue officielle en : *[[Image:south_africa_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Afrique du Sud]] (avec l'anglais, le ndébélé*, le sesotho*, le sotho*, le swazi*, le tsonga*, le tswana*, le venda*, le xhosa* et le zoulou*) L''''[[albanais]]''' est une langue officielle de : *[[Image:albania_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Albanie]] *[[Kosovo]] (avec le serbe) *[[Image:macedonia_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Macédoine (pays)|Macédoine]] (avec le macédonien) L''''[[allemand]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:germany_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Allemagne]] *[[Image:austria_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Autriche]] *[[Image:belgium_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Belgique]] (avec le néerlandais* et le français*) *[[Image:italy_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Italie]] (dans la province de [[Bolzano]], avec l'italien) *[[Image:liechtenstein_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Liechtenstein]] *[[Image:luxembourg_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Luxembourg (pays)|Luxembourg]] (après le luxembourgeois, langue nationale, et le français) *[[Image:Switzerland_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Suisse]] (avec le français, l'italien et le romanche*) **17 des 26 [[cantons suisses]] (seul) **[[Grisons]] (avec l'italien et le romanche*) **[[Berne (canton)|Berne]], [[Fribourg (canton)|Fribourg]], [[Valais]] (avec le français) L''''[[anglais]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:south_africa_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Afrique du Sud]] (avec l'afrikaans, le ndébélé*, le sesotho*, le sotho*, le swazi*, le tsonga*, le tswana*, le venda*, le xhosa* et le zoulou*) *[[Image:australia_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Australie]] *[[Image:bahamas_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Bahamas]] *[[Image:botswana_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Botswana]] (mais la langue nationale est le setswana) *[[Image:Cameroon_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Cameroun]] (avec le français) *[[Image:Canada_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Canada]] (avec le français) *[[Image:Cyprus_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Chypre (pays)|Chypre]] (avec le grec) *[[Image:dominica_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Dominique (pays)|Dominique]] *[[Image:Us_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[États-Unis d'Amérique|États-Unis]] (le gouvernement n'a pas de langue officielle, l'anglais est la première langue par tradition, pas par la loi. L'anglais est la langue officielle dans les États suivants : **[[Alabama]] **[[Arizona]] **[[Arkansas]] **[[Californie]] **[[Caroline du Nord]] **[[Caroline du Sud]] **[[Colorado]] **[[Dakota du Nord]] **[[Dakota du Sud]] **[[Floride]] **[[Géorgie (État)|Géorgie]] **[[Hawaii]] (avec l'[[hawaiien]]) **[[Illinois]] **[[Indiana]] **[[Kentucky]] **[[Louisiane]] **[[Mississippi (État)|Mississippi]] **[[Montana]] **[[Nebraska]] **[[New Hampshire]] **[[Nouveau-Mexique]] (avec l'espagnol) **[[Image:puerto_rico_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Porto Rico]] (avec l'espagnol) **[[Tennessee]] **[[Virginie]] **[[Wyoming]] *[[Image:fiji_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Fidji]] (mais la langue nationale est le fidjien) *[[Image:gambia_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Gambie]] *[[Image:ghana_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Ghana]] *[[Image:hong_kong_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Hong Kong]] (avec le chinois) *[[Image:india_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Inde]] (avec le hindi et 32 langues officielles régionales) *[[Image:Kiribati flag large.png|20px|]][[Kiribati]] *[[Image:jamaica_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Jamaïque]] *[[Image:kenya_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Kenya]] (avec le swahili) *[[Image:Kiribati flag large.png|20px|]][[Kiribati]] *[[Image:liberia_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Libéria]] *[[Image:malawi_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Malawi]] *[[Image:Nauru_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Nauru]] (avec le nauruan) *[[Image:Nigeria_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Nigeria]] *[[Image:new_zealand_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Nouvelle-Zélande]] (langue officielle par tradition ; l'autre reconnue par la loi est le [[maori|ma-ori]]) *[[Image:uganda_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Ouganda]] *[[Image:Pakistan_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Pakistan]] *[[Image:philippines_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Philippines]] (avec le [[tagalog]]) *[[Image:ireland_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Irlande (pays)|Irlande]] (officielle mais secondaire, avec l'[[irlandais]]) *[[Image:Sierra_leone_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Sierra Leone]] *[[Image:singapore_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Singapour]] (avec le malais, le tamoul et le mandarin) L''''[[arabe]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:algeria_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Algérie]] *[[Image:saudi_arabia_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Arabie saoudite]] *[[Image:bahrain_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Bahreïn]] *[[Image:Djibouti_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Djibouti]] *[[Image:uae_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Émirats arabes unis]] *[[Image:iraq_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Irak]] (avec le kurde*) *[[Image:israel_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Israël]] (avec l'hébreu) *[[Image:lebanon_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Liban]] *[[Image:Oman_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Oman]] *[[Drapeau_Palestine.gif|20px|]] [[Palestine]] *[[Image:Flag of Qatar.png|20px|]] [[Qatar]] *[[Image:sudan_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Soudan]] *[[Image:Syria_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Syrie]] *[[Image:chad_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Tchad]] *[[Image:yemen_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Yémen]] L''''[[aranais]]''' est une langue officielle régionale en : *[[Image:Spain_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Espagne]] (co-officielle dans le [[Val d'Aran]] avec l'espagnol) L''''[[arménien]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:armenia_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Arménie]] L''''[[azéri]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:azerbaijan_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Azerbaïdjan]] Le '''[[Indonésien|bahasa indonesia]]''' (ou malais-indonésien) est la langue officielle de : *l'[[Image:indonesia_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Indonésie]] Le '''[[basque]]''' est une langue officielle régionale de : *[[Image:Spain_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Espagne]] (co-officielle au [[Pays basque]] avec l'espagnol) Le '''[[bengali]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:Bangladesh_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Bangladesh]] *[[Image:india_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Inde]] (langue constitutionnelle et l'une des 32 langues régionales officielles, officielle dans les États suivants :) **[[Bengale occidental]] **[[Tripura]] (avec le tripuri*) Le '''[[bulgare]]''' est la langue officielle de : *la [[Image:bulgaria_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Bulgarie]] Le '''[[catalan]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:andorra_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Andorre]] *[[Image:Spain_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Espagne]] (co-officielle aux [[îles Baléares]], en [[Catalogne]] et à[[Valence (Espagne)|Valence]] (en tant que valencien) avec l'espagnol) Le '''[[langue chinoise|chinois]]''', ''hanyu'' ?? ou ?? parfois nommé [[mandarin]] (''guanhua''?? ou ??) est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:china_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Chine]] dénommé localement langue commune, ''putonghua'' ??? ou ??? *[[Image:singapore_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Singapour]] dénommé localement ''huayu''?? ou ??(avec l'anglais, le malais et le tamoul) *[[image:taiwan flag large.png|20px|]] [[Taiwan]] dénommé localement langue nationale, ''guoyu'' ?? ou ?? Le '''[[coréen]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:north_korea_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Corée du Nord]] *[[Image:south_korea_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Corée du Sud]] Le '''[[créole haïtien]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:haiti_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Haïti]] (avec le français) Le '''[[danois]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:Denmark_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Danemark]] *[[Îles Féroé]] (avec le féroïen) *[[Groenland]] (à parité avec l'[[Langue inuit|inuit]] groenlandais) Le '''[[dari]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:Afghanistan flag large.png|20px|]] [[Afghanistan]] (avec le pachtou) Le '''[[rDzong-kha]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:Bhutan_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Bhoutan]] L''''[[espagnol]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:argentina_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Argentine]] *[[Image:bolivia_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Bolivie]] (aux côtés de l'[[aymara]] et le [[quechua]]) *[[Image:Chile_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Chili]] *[[Image:Colombia_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Colombie]] *[[]] [[Costa-Rica]] *[[]] [[République Dominicaine]] *[[Image:ecuador_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Équateur (pays)|Équateur]] *[[Image:Spain_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Espagne]] (avec l'aragonais*, le basque*, le catalan* et le galicien*) *[[Image:Us_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[États-Unis d'Amérique|États-Unis]] (co-officiel avec l'anglais dans le [[Nouveau-Mexique]] et à [[Image:puerto_rico_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Porto Rico]]) *[[Image:Guatemala_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Guatemala]] *[[Image:equatorial_guinea_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Guinée équatoriale]] (aux côtés du [[bubi]] et du [[fang]]) *[[Image:honduras_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Honduras]] *[[Image:mexico_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Mexique]] *[[Image:nicaragua_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Nicaragua]] *[[Image:panama_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Panama]] *[[Image:paraguay_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Paraguay]] (avec le [[guarani]]) *[[Image:Peru_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Pérou]] (avec le [[quechua]]) *[[Image:el_salvador_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Salvador]] *[[Image:venezuela_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Venezuela]] *[[Image:uruguay_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Uruguay]] Le '''[[finnois]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:Finland_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Finlande]] (avec le suédois) Le '''[[français]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:belgium_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Belgique]] (avec le néerlandais* et l'allemand*) *[[Image:Canada_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Canada]] (avec l'anglais) **[[Nouveau-Brunswick]] (avec l'anglais) **[[Québec]] *[[Image:burkina_faso_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Burkina Faso]] *[[Image:congo_republic_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Congo]] *[[Image:congo_democratic_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[République démocratique du Congo]] *[[Image:Cote_d'ivoire_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Côte d'Ivoire]] *[[Image:Djibouti_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Djibouti]] *[[Image:France_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[France]] (dans la constitution depuis [[1993]]) *[[Image:haiti_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Haïti]] (avec le créole haïtien) *[[Image:italy_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Italie]] (dans le [[Val-d'Aoste]], avec l'italien) *[[Image:mali_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Mali]] *[[Image:Mauritius_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Maurice (pays)|Maurice]] (avec l'anglais) *[[Image:monaco_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Monaco]] *[[Image:Switzerland_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Suisse]] (avec l'allemand, l'italien et le romanche) **[[Genève (canton)|Genève]], [[Vaud]], [[Jura (canton)|Jura]], [[Neuchâtel (canton)|Neuchâtel]] **[[Fribourg (canton)|Fribourg]], [[Berne (canton)|Berne]], [[Valais]] (avec l'allemand) *[[Image:Senegal_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Sénégal]] *[[Image:chad_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Tchad]] *[[Image:Togo flag large.png|20px|]] [[Togo]] avec l'[[Éwé]] et le [[Kabyé]] Le '''[[galicien]]''' est une langue officielle régionale de : *[[Image:Spain_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Espagne]] (co-officielle en [[Galice]] avec l'espagnol) Le '''[[gallois]]''' est une langue officielle du : *[[Pays de Galles]] (avec l'anglais) Le '''[[grec]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:greece_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Grèce]] *[[Image:Cyprus_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Chypre (pays)|Chypre]] (avec l'anglais) Le '''[[gilbertin]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:Kiribati flag large.png|20px|]][[Kiribati]] avec l'[[anglais]] *il est parlé également sur Rabi [[Image:fiji_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Fidji]] L''''[[hawaiien]]''' est une langue officielle régionale des : *''[[Image:Us_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[États-Unis d'Amérique|États-Unis]] :'' **[[Hawaii]] (avec l'anglais) L''''[[hébreu]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:israel_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Israël]] (avec l'arabe) Le '''[[hongrois]]''' est la langue officielle de la : *[[Image:hungary_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Hongrie]] *On trouve également des minorités hongroises bénéficiant de droits reconnus par les autorités locales en [[Image:romania_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Roumanie]], en [[Image:Slovakia_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Slovaquie]], en [[Image:serbia_and_montenegro_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Serbie]] ([[Voïvodine]]). L''''[[irlandais]]''' est la première langue officielle de : *[[Image:ireland_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Irlande (pays)|Irlande]] (avec l'anglais comme seconde langue officielle) L''''[[italien]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:italy_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Italie]] (avec l'allemand*, le français*, le ladin* et le sarde* dans certaines régions) *[[Image:Switzerland_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Suisse]] (avec l'allemand, le français et le romanche*) **[[Tessin]] **[[Grisons]] (avec l'allemand et le romanche*) *[[Image:san_marino_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Saint-Marin]] *[[Image:Vatican flag large.png|20px|]] [[Vatican]] (avec le latin) Le '''[[japonais]]''' est la langue officielle du : *[[Image:japan_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Japon]] Le '''[[kazakh]]''' est la langue officielle du : *[[Image:Kazakhstan_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Kazakhstan]] Le '''[[khmer]]''' est la langue officielle du : *[[Image:cambodia_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Cambodge]] Le '''[[kurde]]''' est une langue officielle régionale de : *l'[[Image:iraq_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Irak]] (seulement dans les régions kurdes, avec l'arabe) Le '''[[ladin]]''' est une langue officielle régionale de : *l'[[Image:italy_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Italie]] (seulement dans les [[Dolomites]], avec l'italien) Le '''[[lao]]''' est la langue officielle du : *[[Image:laos_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Laos]] Le '''[[latin]]''' est la langue officielle du : *[[Image:Vatican flag large.png|20px|]] [[Vatican]] (Saint-Siège) Le '''[[letton]]''' est la langue officielle de la : *[[Image:latvia_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Lettonie]] Le '''[[lituanien]]''' est la langue officielle de la : *[[Image:lithuania_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Lituanie]] Le '''[[luxembourgeois]]''' est depuis 1984 langue officielle du *[[Image:luxembourg_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Luxembourg (pays)|Luxembourg]] (mais le français et l'allemand y ont gardé leur place officielle) Le '''[[malais]]''' (ou ''[malais-indonésien]'') est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:brunei_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Brunei]] *[[Image:malaysia_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Malaisie]] *[[Image:indonesia_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Indonésie]] (voir ''bahasa indonesia'') *[[Image:singapore_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Singapour]] (avec l'anglais, le chinois et le tamoul) Le '''[[maltais]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:malta_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Malte]] (avec l'anglais) Le '''[[maori|ma-ori]]''' est une langue officielle de : *[[Image:new_zealand_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Nouvelle-Zélande]] (avec l'anglais) Le '''[[moldave]]''' (dénomination locale du ''[roumain]'') est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:moldova_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Moldavie]] dénomination du pays utilisée officiellement « Moldova » Le '''[[nauruan]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:Nauru_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Nauru]] (avec l'anglais) Le '''[[ndébélé]]''' est une langue officielle régionale de : *[[Image:south_africa_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Afrique du Sud]] (avec l'afrikaans, l'anglais, le sesotho*, le sotho*, le swazi*, le tsonga*, le tswana*, le venda*, le xhosa* et le zoulou*) Le '''[[néerlandais]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:belgium_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Belgique]] (avec l'allemand* et le français*) *[[Image:netherlands_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Pays-Bas]] *[[Image:suriname_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Suriname]] Le '''[[népalais]]''' est la langue officielle du : *[[Image:nepal_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Népal]] L''''[[ourdou]]''' est une langue officielle de : *[[Image:india_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Inde]] (régionalement, avec l'anglais et le hindi) *[[Image:Pakistan_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Pakistan]] Le '''[[pachtoune]]''' est une langue officielle de : *[[Image:Afghanistan flag large.png|20px|]] [[Afghanistan]] (avec le dari) Le '''[[pilipino]]''' (''tagalog'') est la langue officielle des : *[[Image:philippines_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Philippines]] (avec l'anglais) Le '''[[polonais]]''' est une langue officielle de : *[[Image:poland_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Pologne]] Le '''[[portugais]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:angola_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Angola]] *[[Image:brazil_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Brésil]] *[[Image:Cape_verde_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Cap-Vert]] *[[Image:east_timor_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Timor oriental]] *[[Image:Guinea bissau flag large.png|20px|]][[Guinée-Bissau]] *[[Image:mozambique_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Mozambique]] *[[Image:portugal_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Portugal]] *[[Image:sao_tome_and_principe_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Sao Tomé-et-Principe]] Le '''[[romanche]]''' est langue nationale depuis [[1938]], langue officielle régionale de : *[[Image:Switzerland_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Suisse]] (avec l'allemand, le français et l'italien) **[[Grisons]] (avec l'allemand et l'italien) Le '''[[roumain]]''' (appelé aussi [[daco-roumain]]) est la langue officielle de la *[[Image:romania_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Roumanie]] et de la *[[Image:moldova_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Moldavie]]. Le '''[[russe]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:belarus_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Biélorussie]] ou ''Belarus'' (avec le biélorussien) *[[Image:Kazakhstan_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Kazakhstan]] (avec le kazakh) *[[Image:russia_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Russie]] *[[Image:ukraine_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Ukraine]] (en république autonome de Crimée) Le '''[[sarde]]''' est une langue officielle régionale de : *[[Image:italy_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Italie]] (partiellement officiel en [[Sardaigne]], avec l'italien) Le '''[[sesotho]]''' (''sotho du Sud'') est une langue officielle régionale de : *[[Image:south_africa_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Afrique du Sud]] (avec l'afrikaans, l'anglais, le ndébélé*, le sotho*, le swazi*, le tsonga*, le tswana*, le venda*, le xhosa* et le zoulou*) Le '''[[singhalais]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:sri_lanka_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Sri Lanka]] (avec le tamoul) Le '''[[sotho]]''' est une langue officielle régionale de : *[[Image:south_africa_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Afrique du Sud]] (avec l'afrikaans, l'anglais, le ndébélé*, le sesotho*, le swazi*, le tsonga*, le tswana*, le venda*, le xhosa* et le zoulou*) Le '''[[swahili]]''' est une langue officielle du : *[[Image:kenya_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Kenya]] (avec l'anglais) Le '''[[swazi]]''' est une langue officielle régionale de : *[[Image:south_africa_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Afrique du Sud]] (avec l'afrikaans, l'anglais, le ndébélé*, le sesotho*, le sotho*, le tsonga*, le tswana*, le venda*, le xhosa* et le zoulou*) Le '''[[slovaque]]''' est une langue officielle de la: *[[Image:Slovakia_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Slovaquie]] Le '''[[slovène]]''' est une langue officielle de la: *[[Image:slovenia_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Slovénie]] Le '''[[suédois]]''' est une langue officielle de : *[[Image:Sweden_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Suède]] *[[Image:Finland_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Finlande]] (avec le finnois) **[[Åland]] (uniquement suédophone) (une province autonome sous souveraineté finlandaise) Le '''[[tahitien]]''' est une langue officielle de : *[[Polynésie française]] (avec le français) Le '''[[tamoul]]''' est une langue officielle de : *[[Image:singapore_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Singapour]] (avec l'anglais, le malais et le chinois) *[[Image:india_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Inde]] (régionalement, avec l'anglais et l'hindi) *[[Image:sri_lanka_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Sri Lanka]] (avec le cinghalais) Le '''[[tchèque]]''' est une langue officielle de la: *[[Image:Czech republic flag medium.png|20px]] [[République tchèque]] Le '''[[tsonga]]''' est une langue officielle régionale de : *[[Image:south_africa_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Afrique du Sud]] (avec l'afrikaans, l'anglais, le ndébélé*, le sesotho*, le sotho*, le swazi*, le tswana*, le venda*, le xhosa* et le zoulou*) Le '''[[tswana]]''' est une langue officielle régionale de : *[[Image:south_africa_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Afrique du Sud]] (avec l'afrikaans, l'anglais, le ndébélé*, le sesotho*, le sotho*, le swazi*, le tsonga*, le venda*, le xhosa* et le zoulou*) Le '''[[turc]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:turkey_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Turquie]] *[[République turque de Chypre nord]] (non reconnue internationalement) L''''[[ukrainien]]''' est la langue officielle de : *[[Image:ukraine_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Ukraine]] Le '''[[venda]]''' est une langue officielle régionale de : *[[Image:south_africa_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Afrique du Sud]] (avec l'afrikaans, l'anglais, le ndébélé*, le sesotho*, le sotho*, le swazi*, le tsonga*, le tswana*, le xhosa* et le zoulou*) Le '''[[vietnamien]]''' est la langue officielle du : *[[Image:vietnam_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Viêt Nam]] Le '''[[xhosa]]''' est une langue officielle régionale de : *[[Image:south_africa_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Afrique du Sud]] (avec l'afrikaans, l'anglais, le ndébélé*, le sesotho*, le sotho*, le swazi*, le tsonga*, le tswana*, le venda* et le zoulou*) Le '''[[zoulou]]''' est une langue officielle régionale de : *[[Image:south_africa_flag_large.png|20px|]] [[Afrique du Sud]] (avec l'afrikaans, l'anglais, le ndébélé*, le sesotho*, le sotho*, le swazi*, le tsonga*, le tswana*, le venda* et le xhosa*) ==Voir aussi== *[[liste des pays du monde]] ==Liens externes== * [http://www.cnig.fr/default.asp?LINK=zoomIdx&ID_ARTICLE=152&ID_TOPIC=19&ID_FOLDER=0&ID_QUALIF=0 Liste officielle publique française (au format microsoft), avec noms courts et noms lons, noms de capitales et langues] 7043 2005-11-27T20:21:19Z 24.251.68.75 {{lingála tɛ́}} 7538 2006-01-06T08:38:41Z Moyogo 11 [[Molongo ya nkotá ya leta mokili]] moved to [[Molɔngɔ́ ya nkótá ya lɛ́ta mokili]] {{lingála tɛ́}} Template:Infobox pays 1600 5401 2005-07-18T09:56:45Z Themalau 22 <!-- Infobox Country -->{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="4" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 20em; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; clear: right" |+ style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: medium;" | '''{{{native_name}}}''' |- | align=center colspan="2" | {| style="background: none;" |- align=center | [[Image:{{{image_flag}}}|125px|Flag of {{{common_name}}}]] | [[Image:{{{image_coat}}}|110px|Coat of Arms of {{{common_name}}}]] |- align=center | <small>([[Flag of {{{common_name}}}|Flag]])</small> | <small>([[Coat of Arms of {{{common_name}}}|Coat of Arms]])</small> |} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[List of state mottos|Motto]]: {{{national_motto}}} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[National anthem|Anthem]]: {{{national_anthem}}} |- align=center | colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff;" | [[Image:{{{image_map}}}|290px|Location of {{{common_name}}}]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Capital]]''' | {{{capital}}}<br><small>[http://kvaleberg.com/extensions/mapsources/index.php?params={{{latd}}}_{{{latm}}}_{{{latNS}}}_{{{longd}}}_{{{longm}}}_{{{longEW}}}_region:{{{CCTLD}}}_type:country({{{area}}}) {{{latd}}}°{{{latm}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{latNS}}} {{{longd}}}°{{{longm}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{longEW}}}]</small> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Demographics of {{{common_name}}}|Largest&nbsp;city]]''' | {{{largest_city}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Official language|Official&nbsp;languages]]''' | {{{official_languages}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[List of countries by system of government|Government]]''' <div style="text-align: right;">{{{leader_titles}}}</div> | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{government_type}}}<br>{{{leader_names}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''{{{sovereignty_type}}}'''<br>{{{established_events}}} | {{{established_dates}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of countries by area|Area]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Water (%) | &nbsp;<br>[[{{{area_magnitude}}} m²|{{{area}}}&nbsp;km&sup2;]]&nbsp;([[List of countries by area|{{{area_rank}}}]])<br>{{{percent_water}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[List of countries by population|Population]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[As of {{{population_estimate_year}}}|{{{population_estimate_year}}}]] est.<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[As of {{{population_census_year}}}|{{{population_census_year}}}]] census<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Population density|Density]] | &nbsp;<br>{{{population_estimate}}} ([[List of countries by population|{{{population_estimate_rank}}}]])<br>{{{population_census}}}<br>{{{population_density}}}/km&sup2; ([[List of countries by population density|{{{population_density_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|GDP]]''' ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Per capita | [[As of {{{GDP_PPP_year}}}|{{{GDP_PPP_year}}}]] estimate<br>{{{GDP_PPP}}} ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|{{{GDP_PPP_rank}}}]])<br>{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita}}} ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Currency]]''' | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{currency}}} (<code>[[ISO 4217|{{{currency_code}}}]]</code>) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Time zone]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Summer&nbsp;([[Daylight saving time|DST]]) | {{{time_zone}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset}}})<br>{{{time_zone_DST}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset_DST}}}) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of Internet top-level domains|Internet TLD]]''' | {{{cctld}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of country calling codes|Calling code]]''' | <code>+{{{calling_code}}}</code> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | colspan=2 | <small>{{{footnotes}}}</small> |} 7584 2006-01-10T02:00:28Z Moyogo 11 #REDIRECT [[Template:Infobox Esé]] Template:Infobox country 1601 5402 2005-07-18T10:01:59Z Themalau 22 <!-- Infobox Country -->{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="4" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 20em; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; clear: right" |+ style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: medium;" | '''{{{native_name}}}''' |- | align=center colspan="2" | {| style="background: none;" |- align=center | [[Image:{{{image_flag}}}|125px|Flag of {{{common_name}}}]] | [[Image:{{{image_coat}}}|110px|Coat of Arms of {{{common_name}}}]] |- align=center | <small>([[Flag of {{{common_name}}}|Flag]])</small> | <small>([[Coat of Arms of {{{common_name}}}|Coat of Arms]])</small> |} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[List of state mottos|Motto]]: {{{national_motto}}} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[National anthem|Anthem]]: {{{national_anthem}}} |- align=center | colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff;" | [[Image:{{{image_map}}}|290px|Location of {{{common_name}}}]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Capital]]''' | {{{capital}}}<br><small>[http://kvaleberg.com/extensions/mapsources/index.php?params={{{latd}}}_{{{latm}}}_{{{latNS}}}_{{{longd}}}_{{{longm}}}_{{{longEW}}}_region:{{{CCTLD}}}_type:country({{{area}}}) {{{latd}}}°{{{latm}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{latNS}}} {{{longd}}}°{{{longm}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{longEW}}}]</small> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Demographics of {{{common_name}}}|Largest&nbsp;city]]''' | {{{largest_city}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Official language|Official&nbsp;languages]]''' | {{{official_languages}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[List of countries by system of government|Government]]''' <div style="text-align: right;">{{{leader_titles}}}</div> | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{government_type}}}<br>{{{leader_names}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''{{{sovereignty_type}}}'''<br>{{{established_events}}} | {{{established_dates}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of countries by area|Area]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Water (%) | &nbsp;<br>[[{{{area_magnitude}}} m²|{{{area}}}&nbsp;km&sup2;]]&nbsp;([[List of countries by area|{{{area_rank}}}]])<br>{{{percent_water}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[List of countries by population|Population]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[As of {{{population_estimate_year}}}|{{{population_estimate_year}}}]] est.<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[As of {{{population_census_year}}}|{{{population_census_year}}}]] census<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Population density|Density]] | &nbsp;<br>{{{population_estimate}}} ([[List of countries by population|{{{population_estimate_rank}}}]])<br>{{{population_census}}}<br>{{{population_density}}}/km&sup2; ([[List of countries by population density|{{{population_density_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|GDP]]''' ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Per capita | [[As of {{{GDP_PPP_year}}}|{{{GDP_PPP_year}}}]] estimate<br>{{{GDP_PPP}}} ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|{{{GDP_PPP_rank}}}]])<br>{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita}}} ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Currency]]''' | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{currency}}} (<code>[[ISO 4217|{{{currency_code}}}]]</code>) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Time zone]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Summer&nbsp;([[Daylight saving time|DST]]) | {{{time_zone}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset}}})<br>{{{time_zone_DST}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset_DST}}}) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of Internet top-level domains|Internet TLD]]''' | {{{cctld}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of country calling codes|Calling code]]''' | <code>+{{{calling_code}}}</code> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | colspan=2 | <small>{{{footnotes}}}</small> |} 5403 2005-07-18T10:16:33Z Themalau 22 <!-- Infobox Country -->{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="4" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 20em; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; clear: right" |+ style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: medium;" | '''{{{native_name}}}''' |- | align=center colspan="2" | {| style="background: none;" |- align=center | [[Image:{{{image_flag}}}|125px|Flag of {{{common_name}}}]] | [[Image:{{{image_coat}}}|110px|Coat of Arms of {{{common_name}}}]] |- align=center | <small>([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{common_name}}}|Bɛndɛ́lɛ]])</small> | <small>([[Almwali ya {{{common_name}}}|Almwali]])</small> |} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[List of state mottos|Devises]]: {{{national_motto}}} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[National anthem|Anthem]]: {{{national_anthem}}} |- align=center | colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff;" | [[Image:{{{image_map}}}|290px|Esika ya {{{common_name}}}]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Engumba mokinzi]]''' | {{{capital}}}<br><small>[http://kvaleberg.com/extensions/mapsources/index.php?params={{{latd}}}_{{{latm}}}_{{{latNS}}}_{{{longd}}}_{{{longm}}}_{{{longEW}}}_region:{{{CCTLD}}}_type:country({{{area}}}) {{{latd}}}°{{{latm}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{latNS}}} {{{longd}}}°{{{longm}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{longEW}}}]</small> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Demographics of {{{common_name}}}|Largest&nbsp;city]]''' | {{{largest_city}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Lokótá ya Leta|Lokótá ya Leta]]''' | {{{official_languages}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda ndenge ya bulamatari|Bulamatari]]''' <div style="text-align: right;">{{{leader_titles}}}</div> | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{government_type}}}<br>{{{leader_names}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''{{{sovereignty_type}}}'''<br>{{{established_events}}} | {{{established_dates}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of countries by area|Etando]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Mayi (%) | &nbsp;<br>[[{{{area_magnitude}}} m²|{{{area}}}&nbsp;km&sup2;]]&nbsp;([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda etando|{{{area_rank}}}]])<br>{{{percent_water}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda bato|Bato]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[As of {{{population_estimate_year}}}|{{{population_estimate_year}}}]] est.<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na {{{population_census_year}}}|{{{population_census_year}}}]] census<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Population density|Densite]] | &nbsp;<br>{{{population_estimate}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda bato|{{{population_estimate_rank}}}]])<br>{{{population_census}}}<br>{{{population_density}}}/km&sup2; ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda densité ya bato|{{{population_density_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda GDP (nominal)|GDP]]''' ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Per capita | [[As of {{{GDP_PPP_year}}}|{{{GDP_PPP_year}}}]] estimate<br>{{{GDP_PPP}}} ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|{{{GDP_PPP_rank}}}]])<br>{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda GDP (PPP) per capita|{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Mfalánga]]''' | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{currency}}} (<code>[[ISO 4217|{{{currency_code}}}]]</code>) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Time zone]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Summer&nbsp;([[Daylight saving time|DST]]) | {{{time_zone}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset}}})<br>{{{time_zone_DST}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset_DST}}}) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of Internet top-level domains|Internet TLD]]''' | {{{cctld}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of country calling codes|Calling code]]''' | <code>+{{{calling_code}}}</code> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | colspan=2 | <small>{{{footnotes}}}</small> |} 5404 2005-07-18T10:17:23Z Themalau 22 <!-- Infobox Country -->{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="4" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 20em; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; clear: right" |+ style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: medium;" | '''{{{native_name}}}''' |- | align=center colspan="2" | {| style="background: none;" |- align=center | [[Image:{{{image_flag}}}|125px|Flag of {{{common_name}}}]] | [[Image:{{{image_coat}}}|110px|Coat of Arms of {{{common_name}}}]] |- align=center | <small>([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{common_name}}}|Bɛndɛ́lɛ]])</small> | <small>([[Almwali ya {{{common_name}}}|Almwali]])</small> |} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[List of state mottos|Devises]]: {{{national_motto}}} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[National anthem|Anthem]]: {{{national_anthem}}} |- align=center | colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff;" | [[Image:{{{image_map}}}|290px|Esika ya {{{common_name}}}]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Engumba mokinzi]]''' | {{{capital}}}<br><small>[http://kvaleberg.com/extensions/mapsources/index.php?params={{{latd}}}_{{{latm}}}_{{{latNS}}}_{{{longd}}}_{{{longm}}}_{{{longEW}}}_region:{{{CCTLD}}}_type:country({{{area}}}) {{{latd}}}°{{{latm}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{latNS}}} {{{longd}}}°{{{longm}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{longEW}}}]</small> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Demographics of {{{common_name}}}|Largest&nbsp;city]]''' | {{{largest_city}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Lokótá ya Leta|Lokótá ya Leta]]''' | {{{official_languages}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda ndenge ya bulamatari|Bulamatari]]''' <div style="text-align: right;">{{{leader_titles}}}</div> | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{government_type}}}<br>{{{leader_names}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''{{{sovereignty_type}}}'''<br>{{{established_events}}} | {{{established_dates}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of countries by area|Etando]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Mayi (%) | &nbsp;<br>[[{{{area_magnitude}}} m²|{{{area}}}&nbsp;km&sup2;]]&nbsp;([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda etando|{{{area_rank}}}]])<br>{{{percent_water}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda bato|Bato]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na{{{population_estimate_year}}}|{{{population_estimate_year}}}]] est.<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na {{{population_census_year}}}|{{{population_census_year}}}]] census<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Population density|Densite]] | &nbsp;<br>{{{population_estimate}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda bato|{{{population_estimate_rank}}}]])<br>{{{population_census}}}<br>{{{population_density}}}/km&sup2; ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda densité ya bato|{{{population_density_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda GDP (nominal)|GDP]]''' ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Per capita | [[As of {{{GDP_PPP_year}}}|{{{GDP_PPP_year}}}]] estimate<br>{{{GDP_PPP}}} ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|{{{GDP_PPP_rank}}}]])<br>{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda GDP (PPP) per capita|{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Mfalánga]]''' | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{currency}}} (<code>[[ISO 4217|{{{currency_code}}}]]</code>) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Time zone]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Summer&nbsp;([[Daylight saving time|DST]]) | {{{time_zone}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset}}})<br>{{{time_zone_DST}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset_DST}}}) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of Internet top-level domains|Internet TLD]]''' | {{{cctld}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of country calling codes|Calling code]]''' | <code>+{{{calling_code}}}</code> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | colspan=2 | <small>{{{footnotes}}}</small> |} 5408 2005-07-18T10:36:31Z Themalau 22 <!-- Infobox Country -->{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="4" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 20em; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; clear: right" |+ style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: medium;" | '''{{{native_name}}}''' |- | align=center colspan="2" | {| style="background: none;" |- align=center | [[Image:{{{image_flag}}}|125px|Flag of {{{common_name}}}]] | [[Image:{{{image_coat}}}|110px|Coat of Arms of {{{common_name}}}]] |- align=center | <small>([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{common_name}}}|Bɛndɛ́lɛ]])</small> | <small>([[Almwali ya {{{common_name}}}|Almwali]])</small> |} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[List of state mottos|Devises]]: {{{national_motto}}} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[National anthem|Anthem]]: {{{national_anthem}}} |- align=center | colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff;" | [[Image:{{{image_map}}}|290px|Esika ya {{{common_name}}}]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Engumba mokonzi]]''' | {{{capital}}}<br><small>[http://kvaleberg.com/extensions/mapsources/index.php?params={{{latd}}}_{{{latm}}}_{{{latNS}}}_{{{longd}}}_{{{longm}}}_{{{longEW}}}_region:{{{CCTLD}}}_type:country({{{area}}}) {{{latd}}}°{{{latm}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{latNS}}} {{{longd}}}°{{{longm}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{longEW}}}]</small> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Demographics of {{{common_name}}}|Engumba monene koleka]]''' | {{{largest_city}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Lokótá ya Leta|Lokótá ya Leta]]''' | {{{official_languages}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda ndenge ya bulamatari|Bulamatari]]''' <div style="text-align: right;">{{{leader_titles}}}</div> | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{government_type}}}<br>{{{leader_names}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''{{{sovereignty_type}}}'''<br>{{{established_events}}} | {{{established_dates}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of countries by area|Etando]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Mayi (%) | &nbsp;<br>[[{{{area_magnitude}}} m²|{{{area}}}&nbsp;km&sup2;]]&nbsp;([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda etando|{{{area_rank}}}]])<br>{{{percent_water}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda bato|Bato]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na{{{population_estimate_year}}}|{{{population_estimate_year}}}]] est.<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na {{{population_census_year}}}|{{{population_census_year}}}]] census<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Population density|Densite]] | &nbsp;<br>{{{population_estimate}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda bato|{{{population_estimate_rank}}}]])<br>{{{population_census}}}<br>{{{population_density}}}/km&sup2; ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda densité ya bato|{{{population_density_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda GDP (nominal)|GDP]]''' ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Per capita | [[As of {{{GDP_PPP_year}}}|{{{GDP_PPP_year}}}]] estimate<br>{{{GDP_PPP}}} ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|{{{GDP_PPP_rank}}}]])<br>{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda GDP (PPP) per capita|{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Mfalánga]]''' | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{currency}}} (<code>[[ISO 4217|{{{currency_code}}}]]</code>) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Time zone]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Summer&nbsp;([[Daylight saving time|DST]]) | {{{time_zone}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset}}})<br>{{{time_zone_DST}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset_DST}}}) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of Internet top-level domains|Internet TLD]]''' | {{{cctld}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of country calling codes|Calling code]]''' | <code>+{{{calling_code}}}</code> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | colspan=2 | <small>{{{footnotes}}}</small> |} 5409 2005-07-18T10:38:44Z Themalau 22 <!-- Infobox Country -->{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="4" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 20em; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; clear: right" |+ style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: medium;" | '''{{{native_name}}}''' |- | align=center colspan="2" | {| style="background: none;" |- align=center | [[Image:{{{image_flag}}}|125px|Flag of {{{common_name}}}]] | [[Image:{{{image_coat}}}|110px|Coat of Arms of {{{common_name}}}]] |- align=center | <small>([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{common_name}}}|Bɛndɛ́lɛ]])</small> | <small>([[Almwali ya {{{common_name}}}|Almwali]])</small> |} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[List of state mottos|Devises]]: {{{national_motto}}} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[National anthem|Anthem]]: {{{national_anthem}}} |- align=center | colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff;" | [[Image:{{{image_map}}}|290px|Esika ya {{{common_name}}}]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Engumba mokonzi]]''' | {{{capital}}}<br><small>[http://kvaleberg.com/extensions/mapsources/index.php?params={{{latd}}}_{{{latm}}}_{{{latNS}}}_{{{longd}}}_{{{longm}}}_{{{longEW}}}_region:{{{CCTLD}}}_type:country({{{area}}}) {{{latd}}}°{{{latm}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{latNS}}} {{{longd}}}°{{{longm}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{longEW}}}]</small> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Demographics of {{{common_name}}}|Engumba monene koleka]]''' | {{{largest_city}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Lokóta ya Leta|Lokótá ya Leta]]''' | {{{official_languages}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda ndenge ya bulamatari|Bulamatari]]''' <div style="text-align: right;">{{{leader_titles}}}</div> | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{government_type}}}<br>{{{leader_names}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''{{{sovereignty_type}}}'''<br>{{{established_events}}} | {{{established_dates}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of countries by area|Etando]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Mayi (%) | &nbsp;<br>[[{{{area_magnitude}}} m²|{{{area}}}&nbsp;km&sup2;]]&nbsp;([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda etando|{{{area_rank}}}]])<br>{{{percent_water}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda bato|Bato]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na{{{population_estimate_year}}}|{{{population_estimate_year}}}]] est.<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na {{{population_census_year}}}|{{{population_census_year}}}]] census<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Population density|Densite]] | &nbsp;<br>{{{population_estimate}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda bato|{{{population_estimate_rank}}}]])<br>{{{population_census}}}<br>{{{population_density}}}/km&sup2; ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda densité ya bato|{{{population_density_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda GDP (nominal)|GDP]]''' ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Per capita | [[As of {{{GDP_PPP_year}}}|{{{GDP_PPP_year}}}]] estimate<br>{{{GDP_PPP}}} ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|{{{GDP_PPP_rank}}}]])<br>{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda GDP (PPP) per capita|{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Mfalánga]]''' | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{currency}}} (<code>[[ISO 4217|{{{currency_code}}}]]</code>) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Time zone]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Summer&nbsp;([[Daylight saving time|DST]]) | {{{time_zone}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset}}})<br>{{{time_zone_DST}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset_DST}}}) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of Internet top-level domains|Internet TLD]]''' | {{{cctld}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of country calling codes|Calling code]]''' | <code>+{{{calling_code}}}</code> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | colspan=2 | <small>{{{footnotes}}}</small> |} 5591 2005-07-24T13:19:17Z 199.8.238.219 <!-- Infobox Country -->{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="4" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 20em; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; clear: right" |+ style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: medium;" | '''{{{native_name}}}'''<br>'''{{{common_name}}} |- | align=center colspan="2" | {| style="background: none;" |- align=center | [[Image:{{{image_flag}}}|125px|Flag of {{{common_name}}}]] | [[Image:{{{image_coat}}}|110px|Coat of Arms of {{{common_name}}}]] |- align=center | <small>([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{common_name}}}|Bɛndɛ́lɛ]])</small> | <small>([[Almwali ya {{{common_name}}}|Almwali]])</small> |} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[List of state mottos|Devises]]: {{{national_motto}}} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[National anthem|Anthem]]: {{{national_anthem}}} |- align=center | colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff;" | [[Image:{{{image_map}}}|290px|Esika ya {{{common_name}}}]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Engumba mokonzi]]''' | {{{capital}}}<br><small>[http://kvaleberg.com/extensions/mapsources/index.php?params={{{latd}}}_{{{latm}}}_{{{latNS}}}_{{{longd}}}_{{{longm}}}_{{{longEW}}}_region:{{{CCTLD}}}_type:country({{{area}}}) {{{latd}}}°{{{latm}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{latNS}}} {{{longd}}}°{{{longm}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{longEW}}}]</small> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Demographics of {{{common_name}}}|Engumba monene koleka]]''' | {{{largest_city}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Lokóta ya Leta|Lokótá ya Leta]]''' | {{{official_languages}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda ndenge ya bulamatari|Bulamatari]]''' <div style="text-align: right;">{{{leader_titles}}}</div> | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{government_type}}}<br>{{{leader_names}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''{{{sovereignty_type}}}'''<br>{{{established_events}}} | {{{established_dates}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of countries by area|Etando]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Mayi (%) | &nbsp;<br>[[{{{area_magnitude}}} m²|{{{area}}}&nbsp;km&sup2;]]&nbsp;([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda etando|{{{area_rank}}}]])<br>{{{percent_water}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda bato|Bato]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na{{{population_estimate_year}}}|{{{population_estimate_year}}}]] est.<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na {{{population_census_year}}}|{{{population_census_year}}}]] census<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Population density|Densite]] | &nbsp;<br>{{{population_estimate}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda bato|{{{population_estimate_rank}}}]])<br>{{{population_census}}}<br>{{{population_density}}}/km&sup2; ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda densité ya bato|{{{population_density_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda GDP (nominal)|GDP]]''' ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Per capita | [[As of {{{GDP_PPP_year}}}|{{{GDP_PPP_year}}}]] estimate<br>{{{GDP_PPP}}} ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|{{{GDP_PPP_rank}}}]])<br>{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda GDP (PPP) per capita|{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Mfalánga]]''' | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{currency}}} (<code>[[ISO 4217|{{{currency_code}}}]]</code>) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Time zone]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Summer&nbsp;([[Daylight saving time|DST]]) | {{{time_zone}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset}}})<br>{{{time_zone_DST}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset_DST}}}) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of Internet top-level domains|Internet TLD]]''' | {{{cctld}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of country calling codes|Calling code]]''' | <code>+{{{calling_code}}}</code> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | colspan=2 | <small>{{{footnotes}}}</small> |} 5900 2005-07-31T13:37:38Z Moyogo 11 <!-- Infobox Country -->{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="4" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 20em; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; clear: right" |+ style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: medium;" | '''{{{native_name}}}'''<br>'''{{{common_name}}} |- | align=center colspan="2" | {| style="background: none;" |- align=center | [[Image:{{{image_flag}}}|125px|Flag of {{{common_name}}}]] | [[Image:{{{image_coat}}}|110px|Coat of Arms of {{{common_name}}}]] |- align=center | <small>([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{common_name}}}|Bɛndɛ́lɛ]])</small> | <small>([[Almwali ya {{{common_name}}}|Almwali]])</small> |} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[List of state mottos|Devises]]: {{{national_motto}}} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[National anthem|Anthem]]: {{{national_anthem}}} |- align=center | colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff;" | [[Image:{{{image_map}}}|290px|Esika ya {{{common_name}}}]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Engumba mokonzi]]''' | {{{capital}}}<br><small>[http://kvaleberg.com/extensions/mapsources/index.php?params={{{latd}}}_{{{latm}}}_{{{latNS}}}_{{{longd}}}_{{{longm}}}_{{{longEW}}}_region:{{{CCTLD}}}_type:country({{{area}}}) {{{latd}}}°{{{latm}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{latNS}}} {{{longd}}}°{{{longm}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{longEW}}}]</small> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Demographics of {{{common_name}}}|Engumba monene koleka]]''' | {{{largest_city}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Lokóta ya Leta|Lokótá ya Leta]]''' | {{{official_languages}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Nkótá nasyonale]]''' | {{{national_languages}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda ndenge ya bulamatari|Bulamatari]]''' <div style="text-align: right;">{{{leader_titles}}}</div> | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{government_type}}}<br>{{{leader_names}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''{{{sovereignty_type}}}'''<br>{{{established_events}}} | {{{established_dates}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of countries by area|Etando]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Mayi (%) | &nbsp;<br>[[{{{area_magnitude}}} m²|{{{area}}}&nbsp;km&sup2;]]&nbsp;([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda etando|{{{area_rank}}}]])<br>{{{percent_water}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|Bato]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na{{{population_estimate_year}}}|{{{population_estimate_year}}}]] est.<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na {{{population_census_year}}}|{{{population_census_year}}}]] census<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Population density|Densite]] | &nbsp;<br>{{{population_estimate}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|{{{population_estimate_rank}}}]])<br>{{{population_census}}}<br>{{{population_density}}}/km&sup2; ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda densité ya bato|{{{population_density_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda GDP (nominal)|GDP]]''' ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Per capita | [[As of {{{GDP_PPP_year}}}|{{{GDP_PPP_year}}}]] estimate<br>{{{GDP_PPP}}} ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|{{{GDP_PPP_rank}}}]])<br>{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda GDP (PPP) per capita|{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Bonsɔ́mí]]'''<br/>&nbsp;&bull;Mokɔlɔ ya bonsɔ́mí | style="white-space: nowrap;" | ya {{{bonsɔ́mí}}} <br/> {{mokɔlɔbonsɔ́mí}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Mfalánga]]''' | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{mfalánga}}} (<code>[[ISO 4217|{{{currency_code}}}]]</code>) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Time zone]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Summer&nbsp;([[Daylight saving time|DST]]) | {{{time_zone}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset}}})<br>{{{time_zone_DST}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset_DST}}}) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of Internet top-level domains|Internet TLD]]''' | {{{cctld}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of country calling codes|Calling code]]''' | <code>+{{{calling_code}}}</code> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | colspan=2 | <small>{{{footnotes}}}</small> |} 6647 2005-11-03T22:24:12Z 12.222.61.144 <!-- Infobox Country -->{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="4" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 20em; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; clear: right" |+ style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: medium;" | '''{{{native_name}}}'''<br>'''{{{common_name}}} |- | align=center colspan="2" | {| style="background: none;" |- align=center | [[Image:{{{image_flag}}}|125px|Bendelo ya {{{common_name}}}]] | [[Image:{{{image_coat}}}|110px|Almwali ya {{{common_name}}}]] |- align=center | <small>([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{common_name}}}|Bɛndɛ́lɛ]])</small> | <small>([[Almwali ya {{{common_name}}}|Almwali]])</small> |} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[List of state mottos|Devises]]: {{{national_motto}}} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[National anthem|Anthem]]: {{{national_anthem}}} |- align=center | colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff;" | [[Image:{{{image_map}}}|290px|Esika ya {{{common_name}}}]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Engumba mokonzi]]''' | {{{capital}}}<br><small>[http://kvaleberg.com/extensions/mapsources/index.php?params={{{latd}}}_{{{latm}}}_{{{latNS}}}_{{{longd}}}_{{{longm}}}_{{{longEW}}}_region:{{{CCTLD}}}_type:country({{{area}}}) {{{latd}}}°{{{latm}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{latNS}}} {{{longd}}}°{{{longm}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{longEW}}}]</small> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Demographics of {{{common_name}}}|Engumba monene koleka]]''' | {{{largest_city}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Lokóta ya Leta|Lokótá ya Leta]]''' | {{{official_languages}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Nkótá ya ekolo]]''' | {{{national_languages}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda ndenge ya bulamatari|Bulamatari]]''' <div style="text-align: right;">{{{leader_titles}}}</div> | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{government_type}}}<br>{{{leader_names}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''{{{sovereignty_type}}}'''<br>{{{established_events}}} | {{{established_dates}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of countries by area|Etando]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Mayi (%) | &nbsp;<br>[[{{{area_magnitude}}} m²|{{{area}}}&nbsp;km&sup2;]]&nbsp;([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda etando|{{{area_rank}}}]])<br>{{{percent_water}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|Bato]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na{{{population_estimate_year}}}|{{{population_estimate_year}}}]] est.<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na {{{population_census_year}}}|{{{population_census_year}}}]] census<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Population density|Densite]] | &nbsp;<br>{{{population_estimate}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|{{{population_estimate_rank}}}]])<br>{{{population_census}}}<br>{{{population_density}}}/km&sup2; ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda densité ya bato|{{{population_density_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda GDP (nominal)|GDP]]''' ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Per capita | [[As of {{{GDP_PPP_year}}}|{{{GDP_PPP_year}}}]] estimate<br>{{{GDP_PPP}}} ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|{{{GDP_PPP_rank}}}]])<br>{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda GDP (PPP) per capita|{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Bonsɔ́mí]]'''<br/>&nbsp;&bull;Mokɔlɔ ya bonsɔ́mí | style="white-space: nowrap;" | ya {{{bonsɔ́mí}}} <br/> {{mokɔlɔbonsɔ́mí}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Mfalánga]]''' | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{mfalánga}}} (<code>[[ISO 4217|{{{currency_code}}}]]</code>) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Time zone]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Summer&nbsp;([[Daylight saving time|DST]]) | {{{time_zone}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset}}})<br>{{{time_zone_DST}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset_DST}}}) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of Internet top-level domains|Internet TLD]]''' | {{{cctld}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of country calling codes|Calling code]]''' | <code>+{{{calling_code}}}</code> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | colspan=2 | <small>{{{footnotes}}}</small> |} 6648 2005-11-03T22:34:00Z 12.222.61.144 <!-- Infobox Country -->{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="4" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 20em; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; clear: right" |+ style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: medium;" | '''{{{native_name}}}'''<br>'''{{{common_name}}} |- | align=center colspan="2" | {| style="background: none;" |- align=center | [[Image:{{{image_flag}}}|125px|Bendelo ya {{{common_name}}}]] | [[Image:{{{image_coat}}}|110px|Almwali ya {{{common_name}}}]] |- align=center | <small>([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{common_name}}}|Bɛndɛ́lɛ]])</small> | <small>([[Almwali ya {{{common_name}}}|Almwali]])</small> |} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[List of state mottos|Devises]]: {{{national_motto}}} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[National anthem|Anthem]]: {{{national_anthem}}} |- align=center | colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff;" | [[Image:{{{image_map}}}|290px|Esika ya {{{common_name}}}]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Engumba mokonzi]]''' | {{{capital}}}<br><small>[http://kvaleberg.com/extensions/mapsources/index.php?params={{{latd}}}_{{{latm}}}_{{{latNS}}}_{{{longd}}}_{{{longm}}}_{{{longEW}}}_region:{{{CCTLD}}}_type:country({{{area}}}) {{{latd}}}°{{{latm}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{latNS}}} {{{longd}}}°{{{longm}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{longEW}}}]</small> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Demographics of {{{common_name}}}|Engumba monene koleka]]''' | {{{largest_city}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Lokóta ya Leta|Lokótá ya Leta]]''' | {{{official_languages}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Nkótá ya ekolo]]''' | {{{national_languages}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda ndenge ya bulamatari|Bulamatari]]''' <div style="text-align: right;">{{{leader_titles}}}</div> | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{government_type}}}<br>{{{leader_names}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''{{{sovereignty_type}}}'''<br>{{{established_events}}} | {{{established_dates}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of countries by area|Etando]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Mayi (%) | &nbsp;<br>[[{{{area_magnitude}}} m²|{{{area}}}&nbsp;km&sup2;]]&nbsp;([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda etando|{{{area_rank}}}]])<br>{{{percent_water}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|Bato]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na{{{population_estimate_year}}}|{{{population_estimate_year}}}]] est.<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na {{{population_census_year}}}|{{{population_census_year}}}]] census<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Population density|Densite]] | &nbsp;<br>{{{population_estimate}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|{{{population_estimate_rank}}}]])<br>{{{population_census}}}<br>{{{population_density}}}/km&sup2; ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda densité ya bato|{{{population_density_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda GDP (nominal)|GDP]]''' ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Per capita | [[As of {{{GDP_PPP_year}}}|{{{GDP_PPP_year}}}]] estimate<br>{{{GDP_PPP}}} ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|{{{GDP_PPP_rank}}}]])<br>{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda GDP (PPP) per capita|{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Mfalánga]]''' | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{mfalánga}}} (<code>[[ISO 4217|{{{currency_code}}}]]</code>) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Time zone]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Summer&nbsp;([[Daylight saving time|DST]]) | {{{time_zone}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset}}})<br>{{{time_zone_DST}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset_DST}}}) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of Internet top-level domains|Internet TLD]]''' | {{{cctld}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of country calling codes|Calling code]]''' | <code>+{{{calling_code}}}</code> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | colspan=2 | <small>{{{footnotes}}}</small> |} 6651 2005-11-03T23:59:01Z Moyogo 11 + lɛ́ta, nkómbó, Mokáno mwa ekólo, Nzémbo ya Bikólo <!-- Infobox Country -->{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="4" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 20em; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; clear: right" |+ style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: medium;" | '''{{{nkómbo_na_lokóta}}}'''<br>'''{{{nkómbó}}} |- | align=center colspan="2" | {| style="background: none;" |- align=center | [[Image:{{{image_flag}}}|125px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] | [[Image:{{{image_coat}}}|110px|Almwali ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] |- align=center | <small>([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{nkómbó}}}|Bɛndɛ́lɛ]])</small> | <small>([[Almwali ya {{{nkómbó}}}|Almwali]])</small> |} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Lisanga lya mikáno mwa Bikólo|Mokáno mwa ekólo]]: {{{mokáno}}} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Nzémbo ya Bikólo|Loyémbo]]: {{{loyémbo}}} |- align=center | colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff;" | [[Image:{{{image_map}}}|290px|Esika ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Engumba mokonzi]]''' | {{{capital}}}<br><small>[http://kvaleberg.com/extensions/mapsources/index.php?params={{{latd}}}_{{{latm}}}_{{{latNS}}}_{{{longd}}}_{{{longm}}}_{{{longEW}}}_region:{{{CCTLD}}}_type:country({{{area}}}) {{{latd}}}°{{{latm}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{latNS}}} {{{longd}}}°{{{longm}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{longEW}}}]</small> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Bato bya {{{nkómbó}}}|Engumba monene koleka]]''' | {{{largest_city}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Lokóta ya Lɛ́ta|Lokótá ya Lɛ́ta]]''' | {{{nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Nkótá ya ekólo]]''' | {{{nkótá_ya_ekólo}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya Bisé nakolanda ndenge ya bulamatari|Bulamatari]]''' <div style="text-align: right;">{{{leader_titles}}}</div> | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{government_type}}}<br>{{{leader_names}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''{{{sovereignty_type}}}'''<br>{{{established_events}}} | {{{established_dates}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of countries by area|Etando]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Mái (%) | &nbsp;<br>[[{{{area_magnitude}}} m²|{{{area}}}&nbsp;km&sup2;]]&nbsp;([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda etando|{{{area_rank}}}]])<br>{{{percent_water}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|Bato]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na{{{population_estimate_year}}}|{{{population_estimate_year}}}]] est.<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na {{{population_census_year}}}|{{{population_census_year}}}]] census<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Population density|Densite]] | &nbsp;<br>{{{population_estimate}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|{{{population_estimate_rank}}}]])<br>{{{population_census}}}<br>{{{population_density}}}/km&sup2; ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda densité ya bato|{{{population_density_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda GDP (nominal)|GDP]]''' ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Per capita | [[As of {{{GDP_PPP_year}}}|{{{GDP_PPP_year}}}]] estimate<br>{{{GDP_PPP}}} ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|{{{GDP_PPP_rank}}}]])<br>{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda GDP (PPP) per capita|{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Mfalánga]]''' | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{mfalánga}}} (<code>[[ISO 4217|{{{currency_code}}}]]</code>) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Time zone]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Summer&nbsp;([[Daylight saving time|DST]]) | {{{time_zone}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset}}})<br>{{{time_zone_DST}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset_DST}}}) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of Internet top-level domains|Internet TLD]]''' | {{{cctld}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of country calling codes|Calling code]]''' | <code>+{{{calling_code}}}</code> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | colspan=2 | <small>{{{footnotes}}}</small> |} 6652 2005-11-04T00:02:48Z Moyogo 11 Mfalánga -> Mosɔlɔ <!-- Infobox Country -->{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="4" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 20em; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; clear: right" |+ style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: medium;" | '''{{{nkómbo_na_lokóta}}}'''<br>'''{{{nkómbó}}} |- | align=center colspan="2" | {| style="background: none;" |- align=center | [[Image:{{{image_flag}}}|125px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] | [[Image:{{{image_coat}}}|110px|Almwali ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] |- align=center | <small>([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{nkómbó}}}|Bɛndɛ́lɛ]])</small> | <small>([[Almwali ya {{{nkómbó}}}|Almwali]])</small> |} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Lisanga lya mikáno mwa Bikólo|Mokáno mwa ekólo]]: {{{mokáno}}} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Nzémbo ya Bikólo|Loyémbo]]: {{{loyémbo}}} |- align=center | colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff;" | [[Image:{{{image_map}}}|290px|Esika ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Engumba mokonzi]]''' | {{{capital}}}<br><small>[http://kvaleberg.com/extensions/mapsources/index.php?params={{{latd}}}_{{{latm}}}_{{{latNS}}}_{{{longd}}}_{{{longm}}}_{{{longEW}}}_region:{{{CCTLD}}}_type:country({{{area}}}) {{{latd}}}°{{{latm}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{latNS}}} {{{longd}}}°{{{longm}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{longEW}}}]</small> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Bato bya {{{nkómbó}}}|Engumba monene koleka]]''' | {{{largest_city}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Lokóta ya Lɛ́ta|Lokótá ya Lɛ́ta]]''' | {{{nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Nkótá ya ekólo]]''' | {{{nkótá_ya_ekólo}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya Bisé nakolanda ndenge ya bulamatari|Bulamatari]]''' <div style="text-align: right;">{{{leader_titles}}}</div> | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{government_type}}}<br>{{{leader_names}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''{{{sovereignty_type}}}'''<br>{{{established_events}}} | {{{established_dates}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of countries by area|Etando]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Mái (%) | &nbsp;<br>[[{{{area_magnitude}}} m²|{{{area}}}&nbsp;km&sup2;]]&nbsp;([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda etando|{{{area_rank}}}]])<br>{{{percent_water}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|Bato]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na{{{population_estimate_year}}}|{{{population_estimate_year}}}]] est.<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na {{{population_census_year}}}|{{{population_census_year}}}]] census<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Population density|Densite]] | &nbsp;<br>{{{population_estimate}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|{{{population_estimate_rank}}}]])<br>{{{population_census}}}<br>{{{population_density}}}/km&sup2; ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda densité ya bato|{{{population_density_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda GDP (nominal)|GDP]]''' ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Per capita | [[As of {{{GDP_PPP_year}}}|{{{GDP_PPP_year}}}]] estimate<br>{{{GDP_PPP}}} ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|{{{GDP_PPP_rank}}}]])<br>{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda GDP (PPP) per capita|{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[mosɔlɔ]]''' | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{mosɔlɔ}}} (<code>[[ISO 4217|{{{currency_code}}}]]</code>) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Time zone]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Summer&nbsp;([[Daylight saving time|DST]]) | {{{time_zone}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset}}})<br>{{{time_zone_DST}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset_DST}}}) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of Internet top-level domains|Internet TLD]]''' | {{{cctld}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of country calling codes|Calling code]]''' | <code>+{{{calling_code}}}</code> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | colspan=2 | <small>{{{footnotes}}}</small> |} 6653 2005-11-04T00:07:50Z Moyogo 11 time zone --> ngonga ...? <!-- Infobox Country -->{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="4" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 20em; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; clear: right" |+ style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: medium;" | '''{{{nkómbo_na_lokóta}}}'''<br>'''{{{nkómbó}}} |- | align=center colspan="2" | {| style="background: none;" |- align=center | [[Image:{{{image_flag}}}|125px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] | [[Image:{{{image_coat}}}|110px|Almwali ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] |- align=center | <small>([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{nkómbó}}}|Bɛndɛ́lɛ]])</small> | <small>([[Almwali ya {{{nkómbó}}}|Almwali]])</small> |} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Lisanga lya mikáno mwa Bikólo|Mokáno mwa ekólo]]: {{{mokáno}}} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Nzémbo ya Bikólo|Loyémbo]]: {{{loyémbo}}} |- align=center | colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff;" | [[Image:{{{image_map}}}|290px|Esika ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Engumba mokonzi]]''' | {{{capital}}}<br><small>[http://kvaleberg.com/extensions/mapsources/index.php?params={{{latd}}}_{{{latm}}}_{{{latNS}}}_{{{longd}}}_{{{longm}}}_{{{longEW}}}_region:{{{CCTLD}}}_type:country({{{area}}}) {{{latd}}}°{{{latm}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{latNS}}} {{{longd}}}°{{{longm}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{longEW}}}]</small> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Bato bya {{{nkómbó}}}|Engumba monene koleka]]''' | {{{largest_city}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Lokóta ya Lɛ́ta|Lokótá ya Lɛ́ta]]''' | {{{nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Nkótá ya ekólo]]''' | {{{nkótá_ya_ekólo}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya Bisé nakolanda ndenge ya bulamatari|Bulamatari]]''' <div style="text-align: right;">{{{leader_titles}}}</div> | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{government_type}}}<br>{{{leader_names}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''{{{sovereignty_type}}}'''<br>{{{established_events}}} | {{{established_dates}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of countries by area|Etando]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Mái (%) | &nbsp;<br>[[{{{area_magnitude}}} m²|{{{area}}}&nbsp;km&sup2;]]&nbsp;([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda etando|{{{area_rank}}}]])<br>{{{percent_water}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|Bato]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na{{{population_estimate_year}}}|{{{population_estimate_year}}}]] est.<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na {{{population_census_year}}}|{{{population_census_year}}}]] census<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Population density|Densite]] | &nbsp;<br>{{{population_estimate}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|{{{population_estimate_rank}}}]])<br>{{{population_census}}}<br>{{{population_density}}}/km&sup2; ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda densité ya bato|{{{population_density_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda GDP (nominal)|GDP]]''' ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Per capita | [[As of {{{GDP_PPP_year}}}|{{{GDP_PPP_year}}}]] estimate<br>{{{GDP_PPP}}} ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|{{{GDP_PPP_rank}}}]])<br>{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda GDP (PPP) per capita|{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[mosɔlɔ]]''' | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{mosɔlɔ}}} (<code>[[ISO 4217|{{{currency_code}}}]]</code>) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Ngonga]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Summer&nbsp;([[Daylight saving time|DST]]) | {{{Ngonga}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset}}})<br>{{{Ngonga_DST}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset_DST}}}) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of Internet top-level domains|Internet TLD]]''' | {{{cctld}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of country calling codes|Calling code]]''' | <code>+{{{calling_code}}}</code> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | colspan=2 | <small>{{{footnotes}}}</small> |} 6654 2005-11-04T00:11:09Z Moyogo 11 <!-- Infobox Country -->{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="4" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 20em; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; clear: right" |+ style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: medium;" | '''{{{nkómbó_na_lokóta}}}'''<br>''' {{{nkómbó}}} |- | align=center colspan="2" | {| style="background: none;" |- align=center | [[Image:{{{image_flag}}}|125px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] | [[Image:{{{image_coat}}}|110px|Almwali ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] |- align=center | <small>([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{nkómbó}}}|Bɛndɛ́lɛ]])</small> | <small>([[Almwali ya {{{nkómbó}}}|Almwali]])</small> |} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Lisanga lya mikáno mwa Bikólo|Mokáno mwa ekólo]]: {{{mokáno}}} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Nzémbo ya Bikólo|Loyémbo]]: {{{loyémbo}}} |- align=center | colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff;" | [[Image:{{{image_map}}}|290px|Esika ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Engumba mokonzi]]''' | {{{capital}}}<br><small>[http://kvaleberg.com/extensions/mapsources/index.php?params={{{latd}}}_{{{latm}}}_{{{latNS}}}_{{{longd}}}_{{{longm}}}_{{{longEW}}}_region:{{{CCTLD}}}_type:country({{{area}}}) {{{latd}}}°{{{latm}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{latNS}}} {{{longd}}}°{{{longm}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{longEW}}}]</small> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Bato bya {{{nkómbó}}}|Engumba monene koleka]]''' | {{{largest_city}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Lokóta ya Lɛ́ta|Lokótá ya Lɛ́ta]]''' | {{{nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Nkótá ya ekólo]]''' | {{{nkótá_ya_ekólo}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya Bisé nakolanda ndenge ya bulamatari|Bulamatari]]''' <div style="text-align: right;">{{{leader_titles}}}</div> | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{government_type}}}<br>{{{leader_names}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''{{{sovereignty_type}}}'''<br>{{{established_events}}} | {{{established_dates}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of countries by area|Etando]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Mái (%) | &nbsp;<br>[[{{{area_magnitude}}} m²|{{{area}}}&nbsp;km&sup2;]]&nbsp;([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda etando|{{{area_rank}}}]])<br>{{{percent_water}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|Bato]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na{{{population_estimate_year}}}|{{{population_estimate_year}}}]] est.<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na {{{population_census_year}}}|{{{population_census_year}}}]] census<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Population density|Densite]] | &nbsp;<br>{{{population_estimate}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|{{{population_estimate_rank}}}]])<br>{{{population_census}}}<br>{{{population_density}}}/km&sup2; ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda densité ya bato|{{{population_density_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda GDP (nominal)|GDP]]''' ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Per capita | [[As of {{{GDP_PPP_year}}}|{{{GDP_PPP_year}}}]] estimate<br>{{{GDP_PPP}}} ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|{{{GDP_PPP_rank}}}]])<br>{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda GDP (PPP) per capita|{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[mosɔlɔ]]''' | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{mosɔlɔ}}} (<code>[[ISO 4217|{{{currency_code}}}]]</code>) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Ngonga]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Summer&nbsp;([[Daylight saving time|DST]]) | {{{Ngonga}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset}}})<br>{{{Ngonga_DST}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset_DST}}}) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of Internet top-level domains|Internet TLD]]''' | {{{cctld}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of country calling codes|Calling code]]''' | <code>+{{{calling_code}}}</code> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | colspan=2 | <small>{{{footnotes}}}</small> |} 6655 2005-11-04T00:13:00Z Moyogo 11 <!-- Infobox Country -->{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="4" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 20em; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; clear: right" |+ style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: medium;" | '''{{{nkómbó}}}'''<br/>{{{nkómbó_na_lokóta}}} |- | align=center colspan="2" | {| style="background: none;" |- align=center | [[Image:{{{image_flag}}}|125px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] | [[Image:{{{image_coat}}}|110px|Almwali ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] |- align=center | <small>([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{nkómbó}}}|Bɛndɛ́lɛ]])</small> | <small>([[Almwali ya {{{nkómbó}}}|Almwali]])</small> |} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Lisanga lya mikáno mwa Bikólo|Mokáno mwa ekólo]]: {{{mokáno}}} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Nzémbo ya Bikólo|Loyémbo]]: {{{loyémbo}}} |- align=center | colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff;" | [[Image:{{{image_map}}}|290px|Esika ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Engumba mokonzi]]''' | {{{capital}}}<br><small>[http://kvaleberg.com/extensions/mapsources/index.php?params={{{latd}}}_{{{latm}}}_{{{latNS}}}_{{{longd}}}_{{{longm}}}_{{{longEW}}}_region:{{{CCTLD}}}_type:country({{{area}}}) {{{latd}}}°{{{latm}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{latNS}}} {{{longd}}}°{{{longm}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{longEW}}}]</small> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Bato bya {{{nkómbó}}}|Engumba monene koleka]]''' | {{{largest_city}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Lokóta ya Lɛ́ta|Lokótá ya Lɛ́ta]]''' | {{{nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Nkótá ya ekólo]]''' | {{{nkótá_ya_ekólo}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya Bisé nakolanda ndenge ya bulamatari|Bulamatari]]''' <div style="text-align: right;">{{{leader_titles}}}</div> | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{government_type}}}<br>{{{leader_names}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''{{{sovereignty_type}}}'''<br>{{{established_events}}} | {{{established_dates}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of countries by area|Etando]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Mái (%) | &nbsp;<br>[[{{{area_magnitude}}} m²|{{{area}}}&nbsp;km&sup2;]]&nbsp;([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda etando|{{{area_rank}}}]])<br>{{{percent_water}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|Bato]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na{{{population_estimate_year}}}|{{{population_estimate_year}}}]] est.<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na {{{population_census_year}}}|{{{population_census_year}}}]] census<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Population density|Densite]] | &nbsp;<br>{{{population_estimate}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|{{{population_estimate_rank}}}]])<br>{{{population_census}}}<br>{{{population_density}}}/km&sup2; ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda densité ya bato|{{{population_density_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda GDP (nominal)|GDP]]''' ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Per capita | [[As of {{{GDP_PPP_year}}}|{{{GDP_PPP_year}}}]] estimate<br>{{{GDP_PPP}}} ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|{{{GDP_PPP_rank}}}]])<br>{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda GDP (PPP) per capita|{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[mosɔlɔ]]''' | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{mosɔlɔ}}} (<code>[[ISO 4217|{{{currency_code}}}]]</code>) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Ngonga]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Summer&nbsp;([[Daylight saving time|DST]]) | {{{Ngonga}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset}}})<br>{{{Ngonga_DST}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset_DST}}}) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of Internet top-level domains|Internet TLD]]''' | {{{cctld}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of country calling codes|Calling code]]''' | <code>+{{{calling_code}}}</code> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | colspan=2 | <small>{{{footnotes}}}</small> |} 6657 2005-11-04T00:33:02Z Moyogo 11 Engúmba mokonzi, Engúmba monɛ́nɛ koleka <!-- Infobox Country -->{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="4" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 20em; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; clear: right" |+ style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: medium;" | '''{{{nkómbó}}}'''<br/>{{{nkómbó_na_lokóta}}} |- | align=center colspan="2" | {| style="background: none;" |- align=center | [[Image:{{{image_flag}}}|125px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] | [[Image:{{{image_coat}}}|110px|Almwali ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] |- align=center | <small>([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{nkómbó}}}|Bɛndɛ́lɛ]])</small> | <small>([[Almwali ya {{{nkómbó}}}|Almwali]])</small> |} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Lisanga lya mikáno mwa Bikólo|Mokáno mwa ekólo]]: {{{mokáno}}} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Nzémbo ya Bikólo|Loyémbo]]: {{{loyémbo}}} |- align=center | colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff;" | [[Image:{{{image_map}}}|290px|Esika ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Engúmba mokonzi]]''' | {{{engúmba_mokonzi}}}<br><small>[http://kvaleberg.com/extensions/mapsources/index.php?params={{{latd}}}_{{{latm}}}_{{{latNS}}}_{{{longd}}}_{{{longm}}}_{{{longEW}}}_region:{{{CCTLD}}}_type:country({{{area}}}) {{{latd}}}°{{{latm}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{latNS}}} {{{longd}}}°{{{longm}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{longEW}}}]</small> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Bato bya {{{nkómbó}}}|Engúmba monɛ́nɛ koleka]]''' | {{{engúmba_monɛ́nɛ}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Lokóta ya Lɛ́ta|Nkótá ya Lɛ́ta]]''' | {{{nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Nkótá ya ekólo]]''' | {{{nkótá_ya_ekólo}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya Bisé nakolanda ndenge ya bulamatari|Bulamatari]]''' <div style="text-align: right;">{{{leader_titles}}}</div> | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{government_type}}}<br>{{{leader_names}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''{{{sovereignty_type}}}'''<br>{{{established_events}}} | {{{established_dates}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of countries by area|Etando]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Mái (%) | &nbsp;<br>[[{{{area_magnitude}}} m²|{{{area}}}&nbsp;km&sup2;]]&nbsp;([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda etando|{{{area_rank}}}]])<br>{{{percent_water}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|Bato]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na{{{population_estimate_year}}}|{{{population_estimate_year}}}]] est.<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na {{{population_census_year}}}|{{{population_census_year}}}]] census<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Population density|Densite]] | &nbsp;<br>{{{population_estimate}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|{{{population_estimate_rank}}}]])<br>{{{population_census}}}<br>{{{population_density}}}/km&sup2; ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda densité ya bato|{{{population_density_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda GDP (nominal)|GDP]]''' ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Per capita | [[As of {{{GDP_PPP_year}}}|{{{GDP_PPP_year}}}]] estimate<br>{{{GDP_PPP}}} ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|{{{GDP_PPP_rank}}}]])<br>{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda GDP (PPP) per capita|{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[mosɔlɔ]]''' | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{mosɔlɔ}}} (<code>[[ISO 4217|{{{currency_code}}}]]</code>) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Ngonga]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Summer&nbsp;([[Daylight saving time|DST]]) | {{{Ngonga}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset}}})<br>{{{Ngonga_DST}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset_DST}}}) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of Internet top-level domains|Internet TLD]]''' | {{{cctld}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of country calling codes|Calling code]]''' | <code>+{{{calling_code}}}</code> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | colspan=2 | <small>{{{footnotes}}}</small> |} 6658 2005-11-04T00:36:40Z Moyogo 11 <!-- Infobox Country -->{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="4" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 20em; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; clear: right" |+ style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: medium;" | '''{{{nkómbó}}}'''<br/>{{{nkómbó_na_lokóta}}} |- | align=center colspan="2" | {| style="background: none;" |- align=center | [[Image:{{{image_flag}}}|125px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] | [[Image:{{{image_coat}}}|110px|Almwali ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] |- align=center | <small>([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{nkómbó}}}|Bɛndɛ́lɛ]])</small> | <small>([[Almwali ya {{{nkómbó}}}|Almwali]])</small> |} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Lisanga lya mikáno mwa Bikólo|Mokáno mwa ekólo]]: {{{mokáno}}} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Nzémbo ya Bikólo|Loyémbo]]: {{{loyémbo}}} |- align=center | colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff;" | [[Image:{{{image_map}}}|290px|Esika ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Engúmba mokonzi]]''' | {{{engúmba_mokonzi}}}<br><small>[http://kvaleberg.com/extensions/mapsources/index.php?params={{{latd}}}_{{{latm}}}_{{{latNS}}}_{{{longd}}}_{{{longm}}}_{{{longEW}}}_region:{{{CCTLD}}}_type:country({{{area}}}) {{{latd}}}°{{{latm}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{latNS}}} {{{longd}}}°{{{longm}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{longEW}}}]</small> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Bato bya {{{nkómbó}}}|Engúmba monɛ́nɛ koleka]]''' | {{{engúmba_monɛ́nɛ}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Lokóta ya Lɛ́ta|Nkótá ya Lɛ́ta]]''' | {{{nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Nkótá ya ekólo]]''' | {{{nkótá_ya_ekólo}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya Bisé nakolanda ndenge ya bulamatari|Bulamatari]]''' <div style="text-align: right;">{{{leader_titles}}}</div> | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{government_type}}}<br>{{{leader_names}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''{{{sovereignty_type}}}'''<br>{{{established_events}}} | {{{established_dates}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of countries by area|Etando]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Mái (%) | &nbsp;<br>[[{{{area_magnitude}}} m²|{{{area}}}&nbsp;km&sup2;]]&nbsp;([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda etando|{{{area_rank}}}]])<br>{{{percent_water}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|Bato]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na{{{population_estimate_year}}}|{{{population_estimate_year}}}]] est.<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na {{{population_census_year}}}|{{{population_census_year}}}]] census<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Population density|Densite]] | &nbsp;<br>{{{population_estimate}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|{{{population_estimate_rank}}}]])<br>{{{population_census}}}<br>{{{population_density}}}/km&sup2; ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda densité ya bato|{{{population_density_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda GDP (nominal)|GDP]]''' ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Per capita | [[As of {{{GDP_PPP_year}}}|{{{GDP_PPP_year}}}]] estimate<br>{{{GDP_PPP}}} ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|{{{GDP_PPP_rank}}}]])<br>{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda GDP (PPP) per capita|{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[mosɔlɔ]]''' | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{mosɔlɔ}}} (<code>[[ISO 4217|{{{currency_code}}}]]</code>) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Ngonga]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Summer&nbsp;([[Daylight saving time|DST]]) | {{{ngonga}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset}}})<br>{{{ngonga_DST}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset_DST}}}) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of Internet top-level domains|Internet TLD]]''' | {{{cctld}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of country calling codes|Calling code]]''' | <code>+{{{calling_code}}}</code> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | colspan=2 | <small>{{{footnotes}}}</small> |} 6660 2005-11-04T00:38:47Z Moyogo 11 m -> M <!-- Infobox Country -->{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="4" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 20em; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; clear: right" |+ style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: medium;" | '''{{{nkómbó}}}'''<br/>{{{nkómbó_na_lokóta}}} |- | align=center colspan="2" | {| style="background: none;" |- align=center | [[Image:{{{image_flag}}}|125px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] | [[Image:{{{image_coat}}}|110px|Almwali ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] |- align=center | <small>([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{nkómbó}}}|Bɛndɛ́lɛ]])</small> | <small>([[Almwali ya {{{nkómbó}}}|Almwali]])</small> |} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Lisanga lya mikáno mwa Bikólo|Mokáno mwa ekólo]]: {{{mokáno}}} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Nzémbo ya Bikólo|Loyémbo]]: {{{loyémbo}}} |- align=center | colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff;" | [[Image:{{{image_map}}}|290px|Esika ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Engúmba mokonzi]]''' | {{{engúmba_mokonzi}}}<br><small>[http://kvaleberg.com/extensions/mapsources/index.php?params={{{latd}}}_{{{latm}}}_{{{latNS}}}_{{{longd}}}_{{{longm}}}_{{{longEW}}}_region:{{{CCTLD}}}_type:country({{{area}}}) {{{latd}}}°{{{latm}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{latNS}}} {{{longd}}}°{{{longm}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{longEW}}}]</small> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Bato bya {{{nkómbó}}}|Engúmba monɛ́nɛ koleka]]''' | {{{engúmba_monɛ́nɛ}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Lokóta ya Lɛ́ta|Nkótá ya Lɛ́ta]]''' | {{{nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Nkótá ya ekólo]]''' | {{{nkótá_ya_ekólo}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya Bisé nakolanda ndenge ya bulamatari|Bulamatari]]''' <div style="text-align: right;">{{{leader_titles}}}</div> | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{government_type}}}<br>{{{leader_names}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''{{{sovereignty_type}}}'''<br>{{{established_events}}} | {{{established_dates}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of countries by area|Etando]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Mái (%) | &nbsp;<br>[[{{{area_magnitude}}} m²|{{{area}}}&nbsp;km&sup2;]]&nbsp;([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda etando|{{{area_rank}}}]])<br>{{{percent_water}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|Bato]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na{{{population_estimate_year}}}|{{{population_estimate_year}}}]] est.<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na {{{population_census_year}}}|{{{population_census_year}}}]] census<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Population density|Densite]] | &nbsp;<br>{{{population_estimate}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|{{{population_estimate_rank}}}]])<br>{{{population_census}}}<br>{{{population_density}}}/km&sup2; ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda densité ya bato|{{{population_density_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda GDP (nominal)|GDP]]''' ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Per capita | [[As of {{{GDP_PPP_year}}}|{{{GDP_PPP_year}}}]] estimate<br>{{{GDP_PPP}}} ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|{{{GDP_PPP_rank}}}]])<br>{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda GDP (PPP) per capita|{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Mosɔlɔ]]''' | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{mosɔlɔ}}} (<code>[[ISO 4217|{{{currency_code}}}]]</code>) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Ngonga]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Summer&nbsp;([[Daylight saving time|DST]]) | {{{ngonga}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset}}})<br>{{{ngonga_DST}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset_DST}}}) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of Internet top-level domains|Internet TLD]]''' | {{{cctld}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of country calling codes|Calling code]]''' | <code>+{{{calling_code}}}</code> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | colspan=2 | <small>{{{footnotes}}}</small> |} 7445 2005-12-23T17:29:00Z Moyogo 11 hymne national = loyémbo ya lokúmú <!-- Infobox Country -->{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="4" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 20em; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; clear: right" |+ style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: medium;" | '''{{{nkómbó}}}'''<br/>{{{nkómbó_na_lokóta}}} |- | align=center colspan="2" | {| style="background: none;" |- align=center | [[Image:{{{image_flag}}}|125px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] | [[Image:{{{image_coat}}}|110px|Almwali ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] |- align=center | <small>([[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya {{{nkómbó}}}|Bɛndɛ́lɛ]])</small> | <small>([[Almwali ya {{{nkómbó}}}|Almwali]])</small> |} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Lisanga lya mikáno mwa Bikólo|Mokáno mwa ekólo]]: {{{mokáno}}} |- align=center style="vertical-align: top;" | style="font-size:95%" colspan="2" | [[Nzémbo ya Bikólo|Loyémbo ya lokúmú]]: {{{loyémbo}}} |- align=center | colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff;" | [[Image:{{{image_map}}}|290px|Esika ya {{{nkómbó}}}]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Engúmba mokonzi]]''' | {{{engúmba_mokonzi}}}<br><small>[http://kvaleberg.com/extensions/mapsources/index.php?params={{{latd}}}_{{{latm}}}_{{{latNS}}}_{{{longd}}}_{{{longm}}}_{{{longEW}}}_region:{{{CCTLD}}}_type:country({{{area}}}) {{{latd}}}°{{{latm}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{latNS}}} {{{longd}}}°{{{longm}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{longEW}}}]</small> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Bato bya {{{nkómbó}}}|Engúmba monɛ́nɛ koleka]]''' | {{{engúmba_monɛ́nɛ}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Lokóta ya Lɛ́ta|Nkótá ya Lɛ́ta]]''' | {{{nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Nkótá ya ekólo]]''' | {{{nkótá_ya_ekólo}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya Bisé nakolanda ndenge ya bulamatari|Bulamatari]]''' <div style="text-align: right;">{{{leader_titles}}}</div> | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{government_type}}}<br>{{{leader_names}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''{{{sovereignty_type}}}'''<br>{{{established_events}}} | {{{established_dates}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of countries by area|Etando]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Mái (%) | &nbsp;<br>[[{{{area_magnitude}}} m²|{{{area}}}&nbsp;km&sup2;]]&nbsp;([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda etando|{{{area_rank}}}]])<br>{{{percent_water}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|Bato]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na{{{population_estimate_year}}}|{{{population_estimate_year}}}]] est.<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Na {{{population_census_year}}}|{{{population_census_year}}}]] census<br>&nbsp;&bull; [[Population density|Densite]] | &nbsp;<br>{{{population_estimate}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda bato|{{{population_estimate_rank}}}]])<br>{{{population_census}}}<br>{{{population_density}}}/km&sup2; ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda densité ya bato|{{{population_density_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="white-space: nowrap;" | '''[[Molɔngɔ ya bisé na kolanda GDP (nominal)|GDP]]''' ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])<br>&nbsp;&bull; Total<br>&nbsp;&bull; Per capita | [[As of {{{GDP_PPP_year}}}|{{{GDP_PPP_year}}}]] estimate<br>{{{GDP_PPP}}} ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|{{{GDP_PPP_rank}}}]])<br>{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita}}} ([[Molɔngɔ ya bisé nakolanda GDP (PPP) per capita|{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank}}}]]) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Mosɔlɔ]]''' | style="white-space: nowrap;" | {{{mosɔlɔ}}} (<code>[[ISO 4217|{{{currency_code}}}]]</code>) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Ngonga]]'''<br>&nbsp;&bull; Summer&nbsp;([[Daylight saving time|DST]]) | {{{ngonga}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset}}})<br>{{{ngonga_DST}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset_DST}}}) |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of Internet top-level domains|Internet TLD]]''' | {{{cctld}}} |- style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[List of country calling codes|Calling code]]''' | <code>+{{{calling_code}}}</code> |- style="vertical-align: top;" | colspan=2 | <small>{{{footnotes}}}</small> |} 7586 2006-01-10T02:04:55Z Moyogo 11 redirect #REDIRECT [[Template:Infobox Esé]] Template:Bisé ya Eropa 1602 5407 2005-07-18T10:35:34Z Themalau 22 <br clear="all" /> {| align="center" class="toccolours" cellspacing="0" |- ! bgcolor="#ccccff" align="center" | [[Countries of the world|Countries]] in [[Europe]] |- | align="center" style="font-size: 95%;" | [[Albania]] | [[Andorra]] | [[Austria]] | [[Azerbaijan]]<sup>1</sup> | [[Belarus]] | [[Belgium]] | [[Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnia&nbsp;and&nbsp;Herzegovina]] | [[Bulgaria]] | [[Croatia]] | [[Cyprus]]<sup>2</sup> | [[Czech Republic|Czech&nbsp;Republic]] | [[Denmark]] | [[Estonia]] | [[Finland]] | [[France]] | [[Germany]] | [[Greece]] | [[Hungary]] | [[Iceland]] | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] | [[Italy]] | [[Latvia]] | [[Liechtenstein]] | [[Lithuania]] | [[Luxembourg]] | [[Republic of Macedonia|Macedonia]] | [[Malta]] | [[Moldova]] | [[Monaco]] | [[Netherlands]] | [[Norway]] | [[Poland]] | [[Portugal]] | [[Romania]] | [[Russia]]<sup>1</sup> | [[San Marino|San&nbsp;Marino]] | [[Serbia and Montenegro|Serbia&nbsp;and&nbsp;Montenegro]] | [[Slovakia]] | [[Slovenia]] | [[Spain]] | [[Sweden]] | [[Switzerland]] | [[Turkey]]<sup>1</sup> | [[Ukraine]] | [[United Kingdom|United&nbsp;Kingdom]] | [[Vatican City|Vatican&nbsp;City]] |- | align="center" style="font-size: 90%" | '''[[Dependencies]]:''' [[Akrotiri and Dhekelia|Akrotiri&nbsp;and&nbsp;Dhekelia]]<sup>2</sup> | [[Faroe Islands|Faroe&nbsp;Islands]] | [[Gibraltar]] | [[Guernsey]] | [[Jan Mayen|Jan&nbsp;Mayen]] | [[Jersey]] | [[Isle of Man|Isle&nbsp;of&nbsp;Man]] | [[Svalbard]] |- | style="font-size: 85%" | 1. Country [[Bicontinental country|partly]] in [[Asia]]. 2. Usually assigned to [[Asia]] geographically, but often considered [[Europe#independent states|European]] for cultural and historical reasons. |}[[Category:Bisé ya Europa]] 5410 2005-07-18T10:46:13Z Themalau 22 <br clear="all" /> {| align="center" class="toccolours" cellspacing="0" |- ! bgcolor="#ccccff" align="center" | [[Molɔngɔ ya bisé ya mokili|Bisé]] ya [[Europa]] |- | align="center" style="font-size: 95%;" | [[Albania]] | [[Alemani]] | [[Andora]] | [[Azerbaijan]]<sup>1</sup> | [[Bielorusia]] | [[Beljika]] | [[Bosnia na Erzegovina|Bosnia&nbsp;na&nbsp;Erzegovina]] | [[Bulgaria]] | [[Kroasia]] | [[Sipre]]<sup>2</sup> | [[Czech Republic|Czech&nbsp;Republic]] | [[Denmark]] | [[Estonia]] | [[Finilanda]] | [[Falansia]] | [[Gresi]] | [[Hungary]] | [[Iceland]] | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] | [[Italy]] | [[Latvia]] | [[Liechtenstein]] | [[Lituania]] | [[Luxembourg]] | [[Republic of Macedonia|Macedonia]] | [[Malta]] | [[Moldova]] | [[Monaco]] | [[Netherlands]] | [[Norvej]] | [[Otrish]] | [[Poland]] | [[Portugal]] | [[Romania]] | [[Russia]]<sup>1</sup> | [[Santu Marino|Santu&nbsp;Marino]] | [[Serbia na Montenegro|Serbia&nbsp;na&nbsp;Montenegro]] | [[Slovakia]] | [[Slovenia]] | [[Spain]] | [[Swede]] | [[Swisi]] | [[Turkiya]]<sup>1</sup> | [[Ukraine]] | [[United Kingdom|United&nbsp;Kingdom]] | [[Vatican City|Vatican&nbsp;City]] |- | align="center" style="font-size: 90%" | '''[[Dependencies]]:''' [[Akrotiri and Dhekelia|Akrotiri&nbsp;and&nbsp;Dhekelia]]<sup>2</sup> | [[Faroe Islands|Faroe&nbsp;Islands]] | [[Gibraltar]] | [[Guernsey]] | [[Jan Mayen|Jan&nbsp;Mayen]] | [[Jersey]] | [[Isle of Man|Isle&nbsp;of&nbsp;Man]] | [[Svalbard]] |- | style="font-size: 85%" | 1. Country [[Bicontinental country|partly]] in [[Asia]]. 2. Usually assigned to [[Asia]] geographically, but often considered [[Europe#independent states|European]] for cultural and historical reasons. |}[[Category:Bisé ya Europa]] [[Category:Bisé ya Mokili]] 5414 2005-07-18T10:59:23Z Themalau 22 <br clear="all" /> {| align="center" class="toccolours" cellspacing="0" |- ! bgcolor="#ccccff" align="center" | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé ya mokili|Bisé]] ya [[Europa]] |- | align="center" style="font-size: 95%;" | [[Albania]] | [[Alemani]] | [[Andora]] | [[Azerbaijan]]<sup>1</sup> | [[Bielorusia]] | [[Beljika]] | [[Bosnia na Erzegovina|Bosnia&nbsp;na&nbsp;Erzegovina]] | [[Bulgaria]] | [[Kroasia]] | [[Sipre]]<sup>2</sup> | [[Czech Republic|Czech&nbsp;Republic]] | [[Denmark]] | [[Estonia]] | [[Finilanda]] | [[Falansia]] | [[Gresi]] | [[Hungary]] | [[Iceland]] | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] | [[Italy]] | [[Latvia]] | [[Liechtenstein]] | [[Lituania]] | [[Luxembourg]] | [[Republic of Macedonia|Macedonia]] | [[Malta]] | [[Moldova]] | [[Monaco]] | [[Netherlands]] | [[Norvej]] | [[Otrish]] | [[Poland]] | [[Portugal]] | [[Romania]] | [[Russia]]<sup>1</sup> | [[Santu Marino|Santu&nbsp;Marino]] | [[Serbia na Montenegro|Serbia&nbsp;na&nbsp;Montenegro]] | [[Slovakia]] | [[Slovenia]] | [[Spain]] | [[Swede]] | [[Swisi]] | [[Turkiya]]<sup>1</sup> | [[Ukraine]] | [[United Kingdom|United&nbsp;Kingdom]] | [[Vatican City|Vatican&nbsp;City]] |- | align="center" style="font-size: 90%" | '''[[Dependencies]]:''' [[Akrotiri and Dhekelia|Akrotiri&nbsp;and&nbsp;Dhekelia]]<sup>2</sup> | [[Faroe Islands|Faroe&nbsp;Islands]] | [[Gibraltar]] | [[Guernsey]] | [[Jan Mayen|Jan&nbsp;Mayen]] | [[Jersey]] | [[Isle of Man|Isle&nbsp;of&nbsp;Man]] | [[Svalbard]] |- | style="font-size: 85%" | 1. Country [[Bicontinental country|partly]] in [[Asia]]. 2. Usually assigned to [[Asia]] geographically, but often considered [[Europe#independent states|European]] for cultural and historical reasons. |}[[Category:Bisé ya Europa]] [[Category:Bisé ya Mokili]] 5897 2005-07-31T13:26:48Z Moyogo 11 Template:Europe moved to Template:Bisé ya Eropa <br clear="all" /> {| align="center" class="toccolours" cellspacing="0" |- ! bgcolor="#ccccff" align="center" | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé ya mokili|Bisé]] ya [[Europa]] |- | align="center" style="font-size: 95%;" | [[Albania]] | [[Alemani]] | [[Andora]] | [[Azerbaijan]]<sup>1</sup> | [[Bielorusia]] | [[Beljika]] | [[Bosnia na Erzegovina|Bosnia&nbsp;na&nbsp;Erzegovina]] | [[Bulgaria]] | [[Kroasia]] | [[Sipre]]<sup>2</sup> | [[Czech Republic|Czech&nbsp;Republic]] | [[Denmark]] | [[Estonia]] | [[Finilanda]] | [[Falansia]] | [[Gresi]] | [[Hungary]] | [[Iceland]] | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] | [[Italy]] | [[Latvia]] | [[Liechtenstein]] | [[Lituania]] | [[Luxembourg]] | [[Republic of Macedonia|Macedonia]] | [[Malta]] | [[Moldova]] | [[Monaco]] | [[Netherlands]] | [[Norvej]] | [[Otrish]] | [[Poland]] | [[Portugal]] | [[Romania]] | [[Russia]]<sup>1</sup> | [[Santu Marino|Santu&nbsp;Marino]] | [[Serbia na Montenegro|Serbia&nbsp;na&nbsp;Montenegro]] | [[Slovakia]] | [[Slovenia]] | [[Spain]] | [[Swede]] | [[Swisi]] | [[Turkiya]]<sup>1</sup> | [[Ukraine]] | [[United Kingdom|United&nbsp;Kingdom]] | [[Vatican City|Vatican&nbsp;City]] |- | align="center" style="font-size: 90%" | '''[[Dependencies]]:''' [[Akrotiri and Dhekelia|Akrotiri&nbsp;and&nbsp;Dhekelia]]<sup>2</sup> | [[Faroe Islands|Faroe&nbsp;Islands]] | [[Gibraltar]] | [[Guernsey]] | [[Jan Mayen|Jan&nbsp;Mayen]] | [[Jersey]] | [[Isle of Man|Isle&nbsp;of&nbsp;Man]] | [[Svalbard]] |- | style="font-size: 85%" | 1. Country [[Bicontinental country|partly]] in [[Asia]]. 2. Usually assigned to [[Asia]] geographically, but often considered [[Europe#independent states|European]] for cultural and historical reasons. |}[[Category:Bisé ya Europa]] [[Category:Bisé ya Mokili]] 5899 2005-07-31T13:30:34Z Moyogo 11 Europa -> Eropa <br clear="all" /> {| align="center" class="toccolours" cellspacing="0" |- ! bgcolor="#ccccff" align="center" | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé ya mokili|Bisé]] ya [[Eropa]] |- | align="center" style="font-size: 95%;" | [[Albania]] | [[Alemani]] | [[Andora]] | [[Azerbaijan]]<sup>1</sup> | [[Bielorusia]] | [[Beljika]] | [[Bosnia na Erzegovina|Bosnia&nbsp;na&nbsp;Erzegovina]] | [[Bulgaria]] | [[Kroasia]] | [[Sipre]]<sup>2</sup> | [[Czech Republic|Czech&nbsp;Republic]] | [[Denmark]] | [[Estonia]] | [[Finilanda]] | [[Falansia]] | [[Gresi]] | [[Hungary]] | [[Iceland]] | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] | [[Italy]] | [[Latvia]] | [[Liechtenstein]] | [[Lituania]] | [[Luxembourg]] | [[Republic of Macedonia|Macedonia]] | [[Malta]] | [[Moldova]] | [[Monaco]] | [[Netherlands]] | [[Norvej]] | [[Otrish]] | [[Poland]] | [[Portugal]] | [[Romania]] | [[Russia]]<sup>1</sup> | [[Santu Marino|Santu&nbsp;Marino]] | [[Serbia na Montenegro|Serbia&nbsp;na&nbsp;Montenegro]] | [[Slovakia]] | [[Slovenia]] | [[Spain]] | [[Swede]] | [[Swisi]] | [[Turkiya]]<sup>1</sup> | [[Ukraine]] | [[United Kingdom|United&nbsp;Kingdom]] | [[Vatican City|Vatican&nbsp;City]] |- | align="center" style="font-size: 90%" | '''[[Dependencies]]:''' [[Akrotiri and Dhekelia|Akrotiri&nbsp;and&nbsp;Dhekelia]]<sup>2</sup> | [[Faroe Islands|Faroe&nbsp;Islands]] | [[Gibraltar]] | [[Guernsey]] | [[Jan Mayen|Jan&nbsp;Mayen]] | [[Jersey]] | [[Isle of Man|Isle&nbsp;of&nbsp;Man]] | [[Svalbard]] |- | style="font-size: 85%" | 1. Country [[Bicontinental country|partly]] in [[Asia]]. 2. Usually assigned to [[Asia]] geographically, but often considered [[Europe#independent states|European]] for cultural and historical reasons. |}[[Category:Bisé ya Europa]] [[Category:Bisé ya Mokili]] 6102 2005-09-05T09:24:08Z 160.85.2.50 <br clear="all" /> {| align="center" class="toccolours" cellspacing="0" |- ! bgcolor="#ccccff" align="center" | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé ya mokili|Bisé]] ya [[Eropa]] |- | align="center" style="font-size: 95%;" | [[Albania]] | [[Alemani]] | [[Andora]] | [[Azerbaijan]]<sup>1</sup> | [[Bielorusia]] | [[Beljika]] | [[Bosnia na Erzegovina|Bosnia&nbsp;na&nbsp;Erzegovina]] | [[Bulgaria]] | [[Kroasia]] | [[Sipre]]<sup>2</sup> | [[Czech Republic|Czech&nbsp;Republic]] | [[Denmark]] | [[Estonia]] | [[Finilanda]] | [[Falansia]] | [[Gresi]] | [[Hungary]] | [[Iceland]] | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] | [[Italy]] | [[Latvia]] | [[Liechtenstein]] | [[Lituania]] | [[Luxembourg]] | [[Republic of Macedonia|Macedonia]] | [[Malta]] | [[Moldova]] | [[Monaco]] | [[Netherlands]] | [[Norvej]] | [[Otrish]] | [[Poland]] | [[Portugal]] | [[Romania]] | [[Russia]]<sup>1</sup> | [[Santu Marino|Santu&nbsp;Marino]] | [[Serbia na Montenegro|Serbia&nbsp;na&nbsp;Montenegro]] | [[Slovakia]] | [[Slovenia]] | [[Spain]] | [[Swede]] | [[Swisi]] | [[Turkiya]]<sup>1</sup> | [[Ukraine]] | [[United Kingdom|United&nbsp;Kingdom]] | [[Vatican City|Vatican&nbsp;City]] |- | align="center" style="font-size: 90%" | '''[[Dependencies]]:''' [[Akrotiri and Dhekelia|Akrotiri&nbsp;and&nbsp;Dhekelia]]<sup>2</sup> | [[Faroe Islands|Faroe&nbsp;Islands]] | [[Gibraltar]] | [[Guernsey]] | [[Jan Mayen|Jan&nbsp;Mayen]] | [[Jersey]] | [[Isle of Man|Isle&nbsp;of&nbsp;Man]] | [[Svalbard]] |- | style="font-size: 85%" | 1. Country [[Bicontinental country|partly]] in [[Asia]]. 2. Usually assigned to [[Asia]] geographically, but often considered [[Europe#independent states|European]] for cultural and historical reasons. |}[[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[Category:Bisé ya Mokili]] 6158 2005-09-05T20:39:03Z Moyogo 11 Espania <br clear="all" /> {| align="center" class="toccolours" cellspacing="0" |- ! bgcolor="#ccccff" align="center" | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé ya mokili|Bisé]] ya [[Eropa]] |- | align="center" style="font-size: 95%;" | [[Albania]] | [[Alemani]] | [[Andora]] | [[Azerbaijan]]<sup>1</sup> | [[Bielorusia]] | [[Beljika]] | [[Bosnia na Erzegovina|Bosnia&nbsp;na&nbsp;Erzegovina]] | [[Bulgaria]] | [[Kroasia]] | [[Sipre]]<sup>2</sup> | [[Czech Republic|Czech&nbsp;Republic]] | [[Denmark]] | [[Espania]] | [[Estonia]] | [[Finilanda]] | [[Falansia]] | [[Gresi]] | [[Hungary]] | [[Iceland]] | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] | [[Italy]] | [[Latvia]] | [[Liechtenstein]] | [[Lituania]] | [[Luxembourg]] | [[Republic of Macedonia|Macedonia]] | [[Malta]] | [[Moldova]] | [[Monaco]] | [[Netherlands]] | [[Norvej]] | [[Otrish]] | [[Poland]] | [[Portugal]] | [[Romania]] | [[Russia]]<sup>1</sup> | [[Santu Marino|Santu&nbsp;Marino]] | [[Serbia na Montenegro|Serbia&nbsp;na&nbsp;Montenegro]] | [[Slovakia]] | [[Slovenia]] | [[Swede]] | [[Swisi]] | [[Turkiya]]<sup>1</sup> | [[Ukraine]] | [[United Kingdom|United&nbsp;Kingdom]] | [[Vatican City|Vatican&nbsp;City]] |- | align="center" style="font-size: 90%" | '''[[Dependencies]]:''' [[Akrotiri and Dhekelia|Akrotiri&nbsp;and&nbsp;Dhekelia]]<sup>2</sup> | [[Faroe Islands|Faroe&nbsp;Islands]] | [[Gibraltar]] | [[Guernsey]] | [[Jan Mayen|Jan&nbsp;Mayen]] | [[Jersey]] | [[Isle of Man|Isle&nbsp;of&nbsp;Man]] | [[Svalbard]] |- | style="font-size: 85%" | 1. Country [[Bicontinental country|partly]] in [[Asia]]. 2. Usually assigned to [[Asia]] geographically, but often considered [[Europe#independent states|European]] for cultural and historical reasons. |}[[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[Category:Bisé ya Mokili]] 6656 2005-11-04T00:21:23Z Moyogo 11 UK -> Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ <br clear="all" /> {| align="center" class="toccolours" cellspacing="0" |- ! bgcolor="#ccccff" align="center" | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé ya mokili|Bisé]] ya [[Eropa]] |- | align="center" style="font-size: 95%;" | [[Albania]] | [[Alemani]] | [[Andora]] | [[Azerbaijan]]<sup>1</sup> | [[Bielorusia]] | [[Beljika]] | [[Bosnia na Erzegovina|Bosnia&nbsp;na&nbsp;Erzegovina]] | [[Bulgaria]] | [[Kroasia]] | [[Sipre]]<sup>2</sup> | [[Czech Republic|Czech&nbsp;Republic]] | [[Denmark]] | [[Espania]] | [[Estonia]] | [[Finilanda]] | [[Falansia]] | [[Gresi]] | [[Hungary]] | [[Iceland]] | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] | [[Italy]] | [[Latvia]] | [[Liechtenstein]] | [[Lituania]] | [[Luxembourg]] | [[Republic of Macedonia|Macedonia]] | [[Malta]] | [[Moldova]] | [[Monaco]] | [[Netherlands]] | [[Norvej]] | [[Otrish]] | [[Poland]] | [[Portugal]] | [[Romania]] | [[Russia]]<sup>1</sup> | [[Santu Marino|Santu&nbsp;Marino]] | [[Serbia na Montenegro|Serbia&nbsp;na&nbsp;Montenegro]] | [[Slovakia]] | [[Slovenia]] | [[Swede]] | [[Swisi]] | [[Turkiya]]<sup>1</sup> | [[Ukraine]] | [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] | [[Vatican City|Vatican&nbsp;City]] |- | align="center" style="font-size: 90%" | '''[[Dependencies]]:''' [[Akrotiri and Dhekelia|Akrotiri&nbsp;and&nbsp;Dhekelia]]<sup>2</sup> | [[Faroe Islands|Faroe&nbsp;Islands]] | [[Gibraltar]] | [[Guernsey]] | [[Jan Mayen|Jan&nbsp;Mayen]] | [[Jersey]] | [[Isle of Man|Isle&nbsp;of&nbsp;Man]] | [[Svalbard]] |- | style="font-size: 85%" | 1. Country [[Bicontinental country|partly]] in [[Asia]]. 2. Usually assigned to [[Asia]] geographically, but often considered [[Europe#independent states|European]] for cultural and historical reasons. |}[[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[Category:Bisé ya Mokili]] 7141 2005-12-03T22:32:26Z Moyogo 11 alémani, luksamburg, holanda (bagó ya lingála Ashem-Tem) <br clear="all" /> {| align="center" class="toccolours" cellspacing="0" |- ! bgcolor="#ccccff" align="center" | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé ya mokili|Bisé]] ya [[Eropa]] |- | align="center" style="font-size: 95%;" | [[Albania]] | [[Alémani]] | [[Andora]] | [[Azerbaijan]]<sup>1</sup> | [[Bielorusia]] | [[Beljika]] | [[Bosnia na Erzegovina|Bosnia&nbsp;na&nbsp;Erzegovina]] | [[Bulgaria]] | [[Kroasia]] | [[Sipre]]<sup>2</sup> | [[Czech Republic|Czech&nbsp;Republic]] | [[Denmark]] | [[Espania]] | [[Estonia]] | [[Finilanda]] | [[Falansia]] | [[Gresi]] | [[Holanda]] |[[Hungary]] | [[Iceland]] | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] | [[Italy]] | [[Latvia]] | [[Liechtenstein]] | [[Lituania]] | [[Luksamburg]] | [[Republic of Macedonia|Macedonia]] | [[Malta]] | [[Moldova]] | [[Monaco]] | [[Norvej]] | [[Otrish]] | [[Poland]] | [[Portugal]] | [[Romania]] | [[Russia]]<sup>1</sup> | [[Santu Marino|Santu&nbsp;Marino]] | [[Serbia na Montenegro|Serbia&nbsp;na&nbsp;Montenegro]] | [[Slovakia]] | [[Slovenia]] | [[Swede]] | [[Swisi]] | [[Turkiya]]<sup>1</sup> | [[Ukraine]] | [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] | [[Vaticani|Vaticani]] |- | align="center" style="font-size: 90%" | '''[[Dependencies]]:''' [[Akrotiri and Dhekelia|Akrotiri&nbsp;and&nbsp;Dhekelia]]<sup>2</sup> | [[Faroe Islands|Faroe&nbsp;Islands]] | [[Gibraltar]] | [[Guernsey]] | [[Jan Mayen|Jan&nbsp;Mayen]] | [[Jersey]] | [[Isle of Man|Isle&nbsp;of&nbsp;Man]] | [[Svalbard]] |- | style="font-size: 85%" | 1. Country [[Bicontinental country|partly]] in [[Asia]]. 2. Usually assigned to [[Asia]] geographically, but often considered [[Europe#independent states|European]] for cultural and historical reasons. |}[[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[Category:Bisé ya Mokili]] 7150 2005-12-03T22:52:34Z Moyogo 11 Bɛ́ljika <br clear="all" /> {| align="center" class="toccolours" cellspacing="0" |- ! bgcolor="#ccccff" align="center" | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé ya mokili|Bisé]] ya [[Eropa]] |- | align="center" style="font-size: 95%;" | [[Albania]] | [[Alémani]] | [[Andora]] | [[Azerbaijan]]<sup>1</sup> | [[Bielorusia]] | [[Bɛ́ljika]] | [[Bosnia na Erzegovina|Bosnia&nbsp;na&nbsp;Erzegovina]] | [[Bulgaria]] | [[Kroasia]] | [[Sipre]]<sup>2</sup> | [[Czech Republic|Czech&nbsp;Republic]] | [[Denmark]] | [[Espania]] | [[Estonia]] | [[Finilanda]] | [[Falansia]] | [[Gresi]] | [[Holanda]] |[[Hungary]] | [[Iceland]] | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] | [[Italy]] | [[Latvia]] | [[Liechtenstein]] | [[Lituania]] | [[Luksamburg]] | [[Republic of Macedonia|Macedonia]] | [[Malta]] | [[Moldova]] | [[Monaco]] | [[Norvej]] | [[Otrish]] | [[Poland]] | [[Portugal]] | [[Romania]] | [[Russia]]<sup>1</sup> | [[Santu Marino|Santu&nbsp;Marino]] | [[Serbia na Montenegro|Serbia&nbsp;na&nbsp;Montenegro]] | [[Slovakia]] | [[Slovenia]] | [[Swede]] | [[Swisi]] | [[Turkiya]]<sup>1</sup> | [[Ukraine]] | [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] | [[Vaticani|Vaticani]] |- | align="center" style="font-size: 90%" | '''[[Dependencies]]:''' [[Akrotiri and Dhekelia|Akrotiri&nbsp;and&nbsp;Dhekelia]]<sup>2</sup> | [[Faroe Islands|Faroe&nbsp;Islands]] | [[Gibraltar]] | [[Guernsey]] | [[Jan Mayen|Jan&nbsp;Mayen]] | [[Jersey]] | [[Isle of Man|Isle&nbsp;of&nbsp;Man]] | [[Svalbard]] |- | style="font-size: 85%" | 1. Country [[Bicontinental country|partly]] in [[Asia]]. 2. Usually assigned to [[Asia]] geographically, but often considered [[Europe#independent states|European]] for cultural and historical reasons. |}[[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[Category:Bisé ya Mokili]] 9754 2006-11-13T11:17:15Z Bombo 12 Sipre > Sipre (esé) <br clear="all" /> {| align="center" class="toccolours" cellspacing="0" |- ! bgcolor="#ccccff" align="center" | [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé ya mokili|Bisé]] ya [[Eropa]] |- | align="center" style="font-size: 95%;" | [[Albania]] | [[Alémani]] | [[Andora]] | [[Azerbaijan]]<sup>1</sup> | [[Bielorusia]] | [[Bɛ́ljika]] | [[Bosnia na Erzegovina|Bosnia&nbsp;na&nbsp;Erzegovina]] | [[Bulgaria]] | [[Kroasia]] | [[Sipre (esé)|Sipre]]<sup>2</sup> | [[Czech Republic|Czech&nbsp;Republic]] | [[Denmark]] | [[Espania]] | [[Estonia]] | [[Finilanda]] | [[Falansia]] | [[Gresi]] | [[Holanda]] |[[Hungary]] | [[Iceland]] | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] | [[Italy]] | [[Latvia]] | [[Liechtenstein]] | [[Lituania]] | [[Luksamburg]] | [[Republic of Macedonia|Macedonia]] | [[Malta]] | [[Moldova]] | [[Monaco]] | [[Norvej]] | [[Otrish]] | [[Poland]] | [[Portugal]] | [[Romania]] | [[Russia]]<sup>1</sup> | [[Santu Marino|Santu&nbsp;Marino]] | [[Serbia na Montenegro|Serbia&nbsp;na&nbsp;Montenegro]] | [[Slovakia]] | [[Slovenia]] | [[Swede]] | [[Swisi]] | [[Turkiya]]<sup>1</sup> | [[Ukraine]] | [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] | [[Vaticani|Vaticani]] |- | align="center" style="font-size: 90%" | '''[[Dependencies]]:''' [[Akrotiri and Dhekelia|Akrotiri&nbsp;and&nbsp;Dhekelia]]<sup>2</sup> | [[Faroe Islands|Faroe&nbsp;Islands]] | [[Gibraltar]] | [[Guernsey]] | [[Jan Mayen|Jan&nbsp;Mayen]] | [[Jersey]] | [[Isle of Man|Isle&nbsp;of&nbsp;Man]] | [[Svalbard]] |- | style="font-size: 85%" | 1. Country [[Bicontinental country|partly]] in [[Asia]]. 2. Usually assigned to [[Asia]] geographically, but often considered [[Europe#independent states|European]] for cultural and historical reasons. |}[[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[Category:Bisé ya Mokili]] ISO 4217 1603 5415 2005-07-18T11:01:18Z Themalau 22 '''ISO 4217''' is an [[international standard]] describing three letter codes to define the names of [[currency|currencies]] established by the [[International Organization for Standardization]] (ISO). The first two letters of the code are the two letters of [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2]] [[country codes]] (which are similar to those used for [[Country code top-level domain|national top-level domains]] on the internet) and the third is usually the initial of the currency itself. So [[Japan]]'s currency code becomes JPY&mdash;JP for Japan and Y for [[yen]]. This eliminates the problem caused by the names [[Dollar|dollar]], [[Franc|franc]] and [[Pound (currency)|pound]] being used in dozens of different countries, all with wildly differing values. The standard also defines the relationship between the major currency unit and any minor currency unit. Often, the minor currency unit has a value that is 1/100 of the major unit, but 1/10 or 1/1000 are also common. Some currencies do not have any minor currency unit at all. [[Mauritania]] does not use a decimal division of units, setting 1 [[ouguiya]] (UM) = 5 [[khoums]], and [[Madagascar]] has 1 [[ariary]] = 5 [[iraimbilanja]]. ISO 4217 includes codes for not only currencies, but also codes for precious metals ([[gold]], [[silver]], [[palladium]] and [[platinum]]; normally measured in [[troy ounce]]s) and certain other entities used in international finance, e.g. [[Special Drawing Rights]]. There are also special codes allocated for testing purposes (XTS), and to indicate no currency transactions (XXX). These codes all begin with the letter "X". ISO 3166 never assigns country codes beginning with "X", so ISO 4217 can use "X" codes for non-country-specific currencies without risk of clashing with future country codes. Supranational currencies, such as the [[East Caribbean dollar]], the [[CFP franc]], the [[CFAF|CFA franc]] BEAC and the CFA franc BCEAO are normally also represented by codes beginning with an "X". However, the [[Euro]] is represented by the code EUR; although EU is not an [[ISO 3166-1]] country code, it was used anyway, and in order to do so EU was added to the [[ISO 3166-1]] reserved codes list to represent the [[European Union]]. The predecessor to the Euro, the [[European Currency Unit]], had the code XEU. == History == In 1973, the ISO Technical Committee 68 decided to develop codes for the representation of currencies and funds for use in any application of trade, commerce or banking. At the 17th session (February 1978) of the related [[UN]]/[[United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Europe|ECE]] Group of Experts agreed that the three letter alphabetic codes for International Standard ISO 4217, "Codes for the representation of currencies and funds", would be suitable for use in international trade. Over time, new currencies are created and old currencies are discontinued. Frequently, these changes are due to new governments (through war or a new constitution), treaties between countries standardizing on a currency, or revaluation of the currency due to excessive inflation. As a result, the list of codes must be updated from time to time. The ISO 4217 maintenance agency (MA), the [[British Standards Institution]], is responsible for maintaining the list of codes. == Active codes == # AED [[United Arab Emirates]] [[UAE dirham|dirham]] # AFN [[Afghanistan|Afghan]] [[afghani]] # ALL [[Albania]]n [[Lek (currency)|lek]] # AMD [[Armenia]]n [[Dram (currency)|dram]] # ANG [[Netherlands Antilles|Netherlands Antillian]] [[guilder]] # AOA [[Angola]]n [[kwanza]] # ARS [[Argentine peso]] # AUD [[Australian dollar]] # AWG [[Aruba]]n [[guilder]] # AZM [[Azerbaijan]]i [[manat]] # BAM [[Bosnia-Herzegovina]] [[Convertible Mark|convertible mark]] # BBD [[Barbadian dollar]] # BDT [[Bangladesh]]i [[taka]] # BGN [[Bulgaria]]n [[lev]] (since [[1999]]-[[07-05]]) # BHD [[Bahraini dinar]] # BIF [[Burundi]] [[Burundi franc|franc]] # BMD [[Bermuda dollar]] # BND [[Brunei dollar]] # BOB [[Bolivia]]n [[boliviano]] # BOV Bolivian Mvdol (Funds code) # BRL [[Brazil]]ian [[Real (currency)|real]] # BSD [[Bahamian dollar]] # BTN [[Bhutan]] [[ngultrum]] # BWP [[Botswana]] [[Pula (currency)|pula]] # BYR [[Belarusian ruble]] # BZD [[Belize dollar]] # CAD [[Canadian dollar]] # CDF [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congolese]] [[franc]] # CHF [[Swiss franc]] # CLF Chilean Unidades de fomento (Funds code) # CLP [[Chilean peso]] # CNY [[Yuan]] [[renminbi]] (PR China) # COP [[Colombian peso]] # COU Colombian unidad de valor real (added to the COP) # CRC [[Costa Rica]]n [[Colón (currency)|colón]] # CSD [[Serbian dinar]] # CUC [[Cuban convertible peso]] (replaced USD as additional national currency in [[November 2004]]) # CUP [[Cuban peso]] (still in use) # CVE [[Cape Verde]] [[escudo]] # CYP [[Cyprus Pound|Cyprus pound]] # CZK [[Czech Republic|Czech]] [[koruna]] # DJF [[Djibouti]] [[franc]] # DKK [[Danish krone]] # DOP [[Dominican peso]] # DZD [[Algerian dinar]] # EEK [[Estonia]]n [[kroon]] # EGP [[Egyptian pound]] # ERN [[Eritrean|Eritrea]] [[nakfa]] # ETB [[Ethiopia]]n [[Birr (currency)|birr]] # EUR [[European Union euro]] # FJD [[Fijian dollar]] # FKP [[Falkland Islands]] [[Pound (currency)|pound]] # GBP [[United Kingdom|Great British]] [[Pound sterling|Pound]] # GEL [[Georgian lari]] # GHC [[Ghana]] [[cedi]] # GIP [[Gibraltar pound]] # GMD [[Gambia]]n [[dalasi]] # GNF [[Guinea]] [[franc]] # GTQ [[Guatemala]]n [[Quetzal (currency)|quetzal]] # GYD [[Guyanese dollar]] # HKD [[Hong Kong dollar]] # HNL [[Honduras|Honduran]] [[lempira]] # HRK [[Croatia]]n [[Kuna (currency)|kuna]] # HTG [[Haiti]]an [[gourde]] # HUF [[Hungary|Hungarian]] [[forint]] # IDR [[Indonesian rupiah]] # ILS [[New Israeli shekel]] # INR [[Indian rupee]] # IQD [[Iraqi dinar]] # IRR [[Iranian Rial]] # ISK [[Icelandic Króna|Icelandic króna]] # JMD [[Jamaican dollar]] # JOD [[Jordanian dinar]] # JPY [[Japan]]ese [[yen]] # KES [[Kenyan shilling]] # KGS [[Kyrgyzstan]] [[som]] # KHR [[Cambodia]]n [[riel]] # KMF [[Comorian franc]] # KPW [[North Korea]]n [[won]] # KRW [[South Korea]]n [[won]] # KWD [[Kuwaiti dinar]] # KYD [[Cayman Dollar|Cayman Islands dollar]] # KZT [[Kazakhstan]] [[tenge]] # LAK [[Laos|Lao]] [[kip (currency)|kip]] # LBP [[Lebanese pound]] # LKR [[Sri Lanka]]n [[rupee]] # LRD [[Liberian dollar]] # LSL [[Lesotho]] [[loti]] # LTL [[Lithuania]]n [[litas]] # LVL [[Latvia]]n [[lat]] # LYD [[Libyan dinar]] # MAD [[Morocco|Moroccan]] [[dirham]] # MDL [[Moldovan leu]] # MGA [[Madagascar|Malagasy]] [[ariary]] # MKD [[Macedonian Denar|Macedonian denar]] # MMK [[Myanmar]] [[kyat]] # MNT [[Mongolia]]n [[tugrik]] # MOP [[Macau]] [[pataca]] # MRO [[Mauritania]]n [[ouguiya]] # MTL [[Malta|Maltese]] [[lira]] # MUR [[Mauritius]] [[Mauritian Rupee|rupee]] # MVR [[Maldives]] [[rufiyaa]] # MWK [[Malawi]] [[kwacha]] # MXN [[Mexican peso]] # MXV Mexican Unidad de Inversión (UDI) (Funds code) # MYR [[Malaysia]]n [[Malaysian ringgit|ringgit]] # MZM [[Mozambique]] [[Mozambique Metical|metical]] # NAD [[Namibian dollar]] # NGN [[Nigeria]]n [[naira]] # NIO [[Nicaragua]]n [[Córdoba (currency)|córdoba]] # NOK [[Norwegian krone]] # NPR [[Nepalese Rupee|Nepalese rupee]] # NZD [[New Zealand dollar]] # OMR [[Oman]]i [[rial]] # PAB [[Panama]]nian [[Balboa (currency)|balboa]] # PEN [[Peru]]vian [[Sol (currency)|nuevo sol]] # PGK [[Papua New Guinea]] [[kina]] # PHP [[Philippine peso]] # PKR [[Pakistani Rupee|Pakistani rupee]] # PLN [[Poland|Polish]] [[złoty]] # PYG [[Paraguay]]an [[Guaraní (currency)|guaraní]] # QAR [[Qatar]]i [[rial]] # RON [[Romania]]n [[Romanian leu|leu]] # RUB [[Russia]]n [[ruble]] # RWF [[Rwanda]]n [[franc]] # SAR [[Saudi Arabia]]n [[riyal]] # SBD [[Solomon Islands]] [[Solomon Islands dollar|dollar]] # SCR [[Seychelles rupee]] # SDD [[Sudan]]ese [[dinar]] # SEK [[Sweden|Swedish]] [[krona]] # SGD [[Singapore dollar]] # SHP [[Saint Helena]] [[Saint Helenian pound|pound]] # SIT [[Slovenia|Slovene]] [[tolar]] # SKK [[Slovakia|Slovak]] [[koruna]] # SLL [[Sierra Leone]]an [[leone]] # SOS [[Somalia|Somali]] [[shilling]] # SRD [[Suriname dollar]] (since [[2004]]-[[01-01]]) # STD [[São Tomé and Príncipe]] [[dobra]] # SVC [[El Salvador|Salvadoran]] [[Colón (currency)|colón]] # SYP [[Syrian pound]] # SZL [[Swaziland]] [[lilangeni]] # THB [[Thai]] [[baht]] # TJS [[Tajikistan]]i [[Tajikistani Somoni|somoni]] # TMM [[Turkmenistan|Turkmen]] [[Manat (Turkmenistan)|manat]] # TND [[Tunisia]]n [[dinar]] # TOP [[Tonga]]n [[Pa'anga]] # TRY [[New Turkish Lira|New Turkish lira]] # TTD [[Trinidad and Tobago]] [[dollar]] # TWD [[New Taiwan dollar]] # TZS [[Tanzania]]n [[shilling]] # UAH [[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] [[hryvnia]] # UGX [[Uganda]]n [[shilling]] # USD [[United States dollar]] # USN United States dollar (Next day) (Funds code) # USS United States dollar (Same day) (Funds code) (one source claims it is no longer used, but it is still on the ISO 4217-MA list) # UYU [[Uruguay]]an [[peso]] # UZS [[Uzbekistan]]i [[Uzbekistani Som|som]] # VEB [[Venezuela]]n [[Venezuelan Bolivar|bolívar]] # VND [[Viet Nam]] [[Dong (currency)|dong]] # VUV [[Vanuatu]] [[vatu]] # WST Samoa Tala # XAF [[CFAF|CFA franc]] BEAC # XAG [[Silver]] [[Troy ounce|ounce]] # XAU [[Gold]] [[Troy ounce|ounce]] # XBA [[European Composite Unit]] (EURCO) (Bonds market unit) # XBB [[European Monetary Unit]] (E.M.U.-6) (Bonds market unit) # XBC [[European Unit of Account 9]] (E.U.A.-9) (Bonds market unit) # XBD [[European Unit of Account 17]] (E.U.A.-17) (Bonds market unit) # XCD [[East Caribbean dollar]] # XDR [[Special Drawing Rights]] ([[International Monetary Fund|IMF]]) # XFO [[Gold-franc]] (Special settlement currency) # XFU [[UIC franc]] (Special settlement currency) # XOF [[CFAF|CFA franc]] BCEAO # XPD [[Palladium]] [[Troy ounce|ounce]] # XPF [[CFP franc]] # XPT [[Platinum]] [[Troy ounce|ounce]] # XTS Code reserved for testing purposes # XXX No currency # YER [[Yemen]]i [[rial]] # ZAR [[South Africa]]n [[Rand (currency)|rand]] # ZMK [[Zambia]]n [[kwacha]] # ZWD [[Zimbabwe dollar]] == Obsolete currency codes == ===Replaced by Euro=== # ADP [[Andorran Peseta]] # ATS Austrian Schilling # BEF Belgian Franc # DEM [[Deutsche Mark]] # ESP Spanish [[Peseta]] # FIM Finnish [[Markka]] # FRF French [[Franc]] # GRD Greek [[Drachma]] # IEP [[Irish Pound]] # ITL [[Italian Lira]] # LUF [[Luxembourg Franc]] # NLG Netherlands [[Guilder]] # PTE [[Portugal|Portuguese]] [[Escudo]] In addition, the currency code '''XEU''' has been replaced by '''EUR'''. ===Replaced for other reasons=== # AFA [[Afghani]] (replaced by AFN) # ALK Albanian old lek (replaced by ALL) # AON Angolan New Kwanza (replaced by AOA) # AOR Angolan Kwanza Readjustado (replaced by AOA) # ARP Peso Argentino (replaced by ARS) # ARY Argentine peso (replaced by ARS) # BEC [[Belgian Franc]] (convertible) # BGJ Bulgarian lev A/52 (replaced by BGN) # BGK Bulgarian lev A/62 (replaced by BGN) # BGL Bulgarian lev A/99 (replaced by BGN) # BOP Bolivian peso (replaced by BOB) # BRB Brazilian cruzeiro (replaced by BRL) # BRC Brazilian cruzado (replaced by BRL) # CNX Chinese People's Bank dollar (replaced by CNY) # CSJ [[Czechoslovakia|Czechoslovak]] koruna A/53 # CSK [[Czechoslovakia|Czechoslovak]] koruna (replaced by CZK and SKK) # DDM mark der DDR (East Germany) (replaced by DEM) # ECS Ecuador [[Sucre (currency)|sucre]] (replaced by USD) # ECV Ecuador [[Unidad de Valor Constante]] (Funds code) (discontinued) # EQE Equatorial Guinean ekwele (replaced by XAF) # ESA Spanish peseta (account A) # ESB Spanish peseta (account B) # GNE Guinean syli (replaced by XOF) # GWP Guinea peso (replaced by XOF) # ILP Israeli pound (replaced by ILS) # ILR Israeli old shekel (replaced by ILS) # ISJ Icelandic old krona (replaced by ISK) # LAJ Lao kip - Pot Pol (replaced by LAK) # MAF Mali franc (replaced by XOF) # MGF [[Madagascar|Malagasy]] [[franc]] (replaced by MGA) # MKN Macedonian denar A/93 (replaced by MKD) # MVQ Maldive rupee (replaced by MVR) # MXP Mexican peso (replaced by MXN) # PEH Peruvian sol (replaced by PEN) # PLZ Polish złoty A/94 (replaced by PLN) # ROK Romanian leu A/52 (replaced by RON) # ROL [[Romania]]n [[Romanian leu|leu]] A/05 (replaced by RON) # RUR Russian ruble (replaced by RUB) # SRG Suriname guilder (replaced by SRD) # SUR Soviet Union ruble (replaced by RUB) # TPE Timor escudo # TRL [[Lira|Turkish lira]] A/05 (replaced by TRY) # UGW Ugandan old shilling (replaced by UGX) # UYN Uruguay old peso (replaced by UYU) # VNC Vietnamese old dong (replaced by VND) # YDD South Yemeni dinar (replaced by YER) # YUD New Yugoslavian Dinar (replaced by CSD) # YUM Yugoslavian Dinar (replaced by CSD) # ZAL South African [[financial rand]] (Funds code) (discontinued) # ZRN New Zaire (replaced by CDF) # ZRZ Zaire (replaced by CDF) # ZWC Zimbabwe Rhodesian dollar (replaced by ZWD) == See also == *[[Currency]] (with a list by name) *[[Table of historical exchange rates]] *[[List of international trade topics]] *[[Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication|SWIFT]] and [[List of SWIFT codes]] == External links == * [http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/popstds/currencycodeslist.html The official list of ISO-4217 alphabetic and numeric codes] *[http://www.unece.org/cefact/recommendations/rec09/rec09_ecetrd203.pdf An older list of ISO-4217 alphabetic codes that contains some history of ISO-4217] ([[PDF]] file) *[http://fx.sauder.ubc.ca/currency_table.html Another list of numeric and alphabetic ISO 4217 currency codes] <!-- *[http://www.bsi-global.com/Portfolio+of+Products+and+Services/Books+Guides/Consumer/th42090.xalter] &ndash; ISO 4217 Maintenance Authority at the British Standards Institute &ndash; includes list of currency codes (not up-to-date). *[http://www.unece.org/cefact/rec/cocucod.htm] &ndash; [[United Nations Economic Commission for Europe]] (UNECE) &ndash; Country and Currency Codes [http://www.unece.org/cefact/rec/cocucod.htm] (up-to-date): --> * Currency conversion: **http://www.xe.com/ucc/ **http://www.oanda.com/convert/classic *[http://www.fx4business.com/services/EasyReference.html Travelex Country and Currency Guide] [[Category:Currency]] [[Category:Encodings]] [[Category:International economics]] [[Category:International trade]] [[ast: ISO 4217]] [[ca:ISO 4217]] [[cs:Seznam m&#283;n]] [[cy:ISO 4217]] [[de:ISO 4217]] [[es:ISO 4217]] [[eo:ISO 4217]] [[fr:ISO 4217]] [[ko:ISO 4217]] [[id:ISO 4217]] [[it:ISO 4217]] [[nl:ISO 4217]] [[ja:ISO 4217]] [[pl:ISO 4217]] [[ru:ISO 4217]] [[sl:ISO 4217]] [[fi:ISO 4217]] [[th:ISO 4217]] [[zh:ISO 4217]] 6353 2005-09-27T17:42:40Z Moyogo 11 lingála tɛ̂ <!-- TODO: TRANSLATE '''ISO 4217''' is an [[international standard]] describing three letter codes to define the names of [[currency|currencies]] established by the [[International Organization for Standardization]] (ISO). The first two letters of the code are the two letters of [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2]] [[country codes]] (which are similar to those used for [[Country code top-level domain|national top-level domains]] on the internet) and the third is usually the initial of the currency itself. So [[Japan]]'s currency code becomes JPY&mdash;JP for Japan and Y for [[yen]]. This eliminates the problem caused by the names [[Dollar|dollar]], [[Franc|franc]] and [[Pound (currency)|pound]] being used in dozens of different countries, all with wildly differing values. The standard also defines the relationship between the major currency unit and any minor currency unit. Often, the minor currency unit has a value that is 1/100 of the major unit, but 1/10 or 1/1000 are also common. Some currencies do not have any minor currency unit at all. [[Mauritania]] does not use a decimal division of units, setting 1 [[ouguiya]] (UM) = 5 [[khoums]], and [[Madagascar]] has 1 [[ariary]] = 5 [[iraimbilanja]]. ISO 4217 includes codes for not only currencies, but also codes for precious metals ([[gold]], [[silver]], [[palladium]] and [[platinum]]; normally measured in [[troy ounce]]s) and certain other entities used in international finance, e.g. [[Special Drawing Rights]]. There are also special codes allocated for testing purposes (XTS), and to indicate no currency transactions (XXX). These codes all begin with the letter "X". ISO 3166 never assigns country codes beginning with "X", so ISO 4217 can use "X" codes for non-country-specific currencies without risk of clashing with future country codes. Supranational currencies, such as the [[East Caribbean dollar]], the [[CFP franc]], the [[CFAF|CFA franc]] BEAC and the CFA franc BCEAO are normally also represented by codes beginning with an "X". However, the [[Euro]] is represented by the code EUR; although EU is not an [[ISO 3166-1]] country code, it was used anyway, and in order to do so EU was added to the [[ISO 3166-1]] reserved codes list to represent the [[European Union]]. The predecessor to the Euro, the [[European Currency Unit]], had the code XEU. == History == In 1973, the ISO Technical Committee 68 decided to develop codes for the representation of currencies and funds for use in any application of trade, commerce or banking. At the 17th session (February 1978) of the related [[UN]]/[[United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Europe|ECE]] Group of Experts agreed that the three letter alphabetic codes for International Standard ISO 4217, "Codes for the representation of currencies and funds", would be suitable for use in international trade. Over time, new currencies are created and old currencies are discontinued. Frequently, these changes are due to new governments (through war or a new constitution), treaties between countries standardizing on a currency, or revaluation of the currency due to excessive inflation. As a result, the list of codes must be updated from time to time. The ISO 4217 maintenance agency (MA), the [[British Standards Institution]], is responsible for maintaining the list of codes. == Active codes == # AED [[United Arab Emirates]] [[UAE dirham|dirham]] # AFN [[Afghanistan|Afghan]] [[afghani]] # ALL [[Albania]]n [[Lek (currency)|lek]] # AMD [[Armenia]]n [[Dram (currency)|dram]] # ANG [[Netherlands Antilles|Netherlands Antillian]] [[guilder]] # AOA [[Angola]]n [[kwanza]] # ARS [[Argentine peso]] # AUD [[Australian dollar]] # AWG [[Aruba]]n [[guilder]] # AZM [[Azerbaijan]]i [[manat]] # BAM [[Bosnia-Herzegovina]] [[Convertible Mark|convertible mark]] # BBD [[Barbadian dollar]] # BDT [[Bangladesh]]i [[taka]] # BGN [[Bulgaria]]n [[lev]] (since [[1999]]-[[07-05]]) # BHD [[Bahraini dinar]] # BIF [[Burundi]] [[Burundi franc|franc]] # BMD [[Bermuda dollar]] # BND [[Brunei dollar]] # BOB [[Bolivia]]n [[boliviano]] # BOV Bolivian Mvdol (Funds code) # BRL [[Brazil]]ian [[Real (currency)|real]] # BSD [[Bahamian dollar]] # BTN [[Bhutan]] [[ngultrum]] # BWP [[Botswana]] [[Pula (currency)|pula]] # BYR [[Belarusian ruble]] # BZD [[Belize dollar]] # CAD [[Canadian dollar]] # CDF [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congolese]] [[franc]] # CHF [[Swiss franc]] # CLF Chilean Unidades de fomento (Funds code) # CLP [[Chilean peso]] # CNY [[Yuan]] [[renminbi]] (PR China) # COP [[Colombian peso]] # COU Colombian unidad de valor real (added to the COP) # CRC [[Costa Rica]]n [[Colón (currency)|colón]] # CSD [[Serbian dinar]] # CUC [[Cuban convertible peso]] (replaced USD as additional national currency in [[November 2004]]) # CUP [[Cuban peso]] (still in use) # CVE [[Cape Verde]] [[escudo]] # CYP [[Cyprus Pound|Cyprus pound]] # CZK [[Czech Republic|Czech]] [[koruna]] # DJF [[Djibouti]] [[franc]] # DKK [[Danish krone]] # DOP [[Dominican peso]] # DZD [[Algerian dinar]] # EEK [[Estonia]]n [[kroon]] # EGP [[Egyptian pound]] # ERN [[Eritrean|Eritrea]] [[nakfa]] # ETB [[Ethiopia]]n [[Birr (currency)|birr]] # EUR [[European Union euro]] # FJD [[Fijian dollar]] # FKP [[Falkland Islands]] [[Pound (currency)|pound]] # GBP [[United Kingdom|Great British]] [[Pound sterling|Pound]] # GEL [[Georgian lari]] # GHC [[Ghana]] [[cedi]] # GIP [[Gibraltar pound]] # GMD [[Gambia]]n [[dalasi]] # GNF [[Guinea]] [[franc]] # GTQ [[Guatemala]]n [[Quetzal (currency)|quetzal]] # GYD [[Guyanese dollar]] # HKD [[Hong Kong dollar]] # HNL [[Honduras|Honduran]] [[lempira]] # HRK [[Croatia]]n [[Kuna (currency)|kuna]] # HTG [[Haiti]]an [[gourde]] # HUF [[Hungary|Hungarian]] [[forint]] # IDR [[Indonesian rupiah]] # ILS [[New Israeli shekel]] # INR [[Indian rupee]] # IQD [[Iraqi dinar]] # IRR [[Iranian Rial]] # ISK [[Icelandic Króna|Icelandic króna]] # JMD [[Jamaican dollar]] # JOD [[Jordanian dinar]] # JPY [[Japan]]ese [[yen]] # KES [[Kenyan shilling]] # KGS [[Kyrgyzstan]] [[som]] # KHR [[Cambodia]]n [[riel]] # KMF [[Comorian franc]] # KPW [[North Korea]]n [[won]] # KRW [[South Korea]]n [[won]] # KWD [[Kuwaiti dinar]] # KYD [[Cayman Dollar|Cayman Islands dollar]] # KZT [[Kazakhstan]] [[tenge]] # LAK [[Laos|Lao]] [[kip (currency)|kip]] # LBP [[Lebanese pound]] # LKR [[Sri Lanka]]n [[rupee]] # LRD [[Liberian dollar]] # LSL [[Lesotho]] [[loti]] # LTL [[Lithuania]]n [[litas]] # LVL [[Latvia]]n [[lat]] # LYD [[Libyan dinar]] # MAD [[Morocco|Moroccan]] [[dirham]] # MDL [[Moldovan leu]] # MGA [[Madagascar|Malagasy]] [[ariary]] # MKD [[Macedonian Denar|Macedonian denar]] # MMK [[Myanmar]] [[kyat]] # MNT [[Mongolia]]n [[tugrik]] # MOP [[Macau]] [[pataca]] # MRO [[Mauritania]]n [[ouguiya]] # MTL [[Malta|Maltese]] [[lira]] # MUR [[Mauritius]] [[Mauritian Rupee|rupee]] # MVR [[Maldives]] [[rufiyaa]] # MWK [[Malawi]] [[kwacha]] # MXN [[Mexican peso]] # MXV Mexican Unidad de Inversión (UDI) (Funds code) # MYR [[Malaysia]]n [[Malaysian ringgit|ringgit]] # MZM [[Mozambique]] [[Mozambique Metical|metical]] # NAD [[Namibian dollar]] # NGN [[Nigeria]]n [[naira]] # NIO [[Nicaragua]]n [[Córdoba (currency)|córdoba]] # NOK [[Norwegian krone]] # NPR [[Nepalese Rupee|Nepalese rupee]] # NZD [[New Zealand dollar]] # OMR [[Oman]]i [[rial]] # PAB [[Panama]]nian [[Balboa (currency)|balboa]] # PEN [[Peru]]vian [[Sol (currency)|nuevo sol]] # PGK [[Papua New Guinea]] [[kina]] # PHP [[Philippine peso]] # PKR [[Pakistani Rupee|Pakistani rupee]] # PLN [[Poland|Polish]] [[złoty]] # PYG [[Paraguay]]an [[Guaraní (currency)|guaraní]] # QAR [[Qatar]]i [[rial]] # RON [[Romania]]n [[Romanian leu|leu]] # RUB [[Russia]]n [[ruble]] # RWF [[Rwanda]]n [[franc]] # SAR [[Saudi Arabia]]n [[riyal]] # SBD [[Solomon Islands]] [[Solomon Islands dollar|dollar]] # SCR [[Seychelles rupee]] # SDD [[Sudan]]ese [[dinar]] # SEK [[Sweden|Swedish]] [[krona]] # SGD [[Singapore dollar]] # SHP [[Saint Helena]] [[Saint Helenian pound|pound]] # SIT [[Slovenia|Slovene]] [[tolar]] # SKK [[Slovakia|Slovak]] [[koruna]] # SLL [[Sierra Leone]]an [[leone]] # SOS [[Somalia|Somali]] [[shilling]] # SRD [[Suriname dollar]] (since [[2004]]-[[01-01]]) # STD [[São Tomé and Príncipe]] [[dobra]] # SVC [[El Salvador|Salvadoran]] [[Colón (currency)|colón]] # SYP [[Syrian pound]] # SZL [[Swaziland]] [[lilangeni]] # THB [[Thai]] [[baht]] # TJS [[Tajikistan]]i [[Tajikistani Somoni|somoni]] # TMM [[Turkmenistan|Turkmen]] [[Manat (Turkmenistan)|manat]] # TND [[Tunisia]]n [[dinar]] # TOP [[Tonga]]n [[Pa'anga]] # TRY [[New Turkish Lira|New Turkish lira]] # TTD [[Trinidad and Tobago]] [[dollar]] # TWD [[New Taiwan dollar]] # TZS [[Tanzania]]n [[shilling]] # UAH [[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] [[hryvnia]] # UGX [[Uganda]]n [[shilling]] # USD [[United States dollar]] # USN United States dollar (Next day) (Funds code) # USS United States dollar (Same day) (Funds code) (one source claims it is no longer used, but it is still on the ISO 4217-MA list) # UYU [[Uruguay]]an [[peso]] # UZS [[Uzbekistan]]i [[Uzbekistani Som|som]] # VEB [[Venezuela]]n [[Venezuelan Bolivar|bolívar]] # VND [[Viet Nam]] [[Dong (currency)|dong]] # VUV [[Vanuatu]] [[vatu]] # WST Samoa Tala # XAF [[CFAF|CFA franc]] BEAC # XAG [[Silver]] [[Troy ounce|ounce]] # XAU [[Gold]] [[Troy ounce|ounce]] # XBA [[European Composite Unit]] (EURCO) (Bonds market unit) # XBB [[European Monetary Unit]] (E.M.U.-6) (Bonds market unit) # XBC [[European Unit of Account 9]] (E.U.A.-9) (Bonds market unit) # XBD [[European Unit of Account 17]] (E.U.A.-17) (Bonds market unit) # XCD [[East Caribbean dollar]] # XDR [[Special Drawing Rights]] ([[International Monetary Fund|IMF]]) # XFO [[Gold-franc]] (Special settlement currency) # XFU [[UIC franc]] (Special settlement currency) # XOF [[CFAF|CFA franc]] BCEAO # XPD [[Palladium]] [[Troy ounce|ounce]] # XPF [[CFP franc]] # XPT [[Platinum]] [[Troy ounce|ounce]] # XTS Code reserved for testing purposes # XXX No currency # YER [[Yemen]]i [[rial]] # ZAR [[South Africa]]n [[Rand (currency)|rand]] # ZMK [[Zambia]]n [[kwacha]] # ZWD [[Zimbabwe dollar]] == Obsolete currency codes == ===Replaced by Euro=== # ADP [[Andorran Peseta]] # ATS Austrian Schilling # BEF Belgian Franc # DEM [[Deutsche Mark]] # ESP Spanish [[Peseta]] # FIM Finnish [[Markka]] # FRF French [[Franc]] # GRD Greek [[Drachma]] # IEP [[Irish Pound]] # ITL [[Italian Lira]] # LUF [[Luxembourg Franc]] # NLG Netherlands [[Guilder]] # PTE [[Portugal|Portuguese]] [[Escudo]] In addition, the currency code '''XEU''' has been replaced by '''EUR'''. ===Replaced for other reasons=== # AFA [[Afghani]] (replaced by AFN) # ALK Albanian old lek (replaced by ALL) # AON Angolan New Kwanza (replaced by AOA) # AOR Angolan Kwanza Readjustado (replaced by AOA) # ARP Peso Argentino (replaced by ARS) # ARY Argentine peso (replaced by ARS) # BEC [[Belgian Franc]] (convertible) # BGJ Bulgarian lev A/52 (replaced by BGN) # BGK Bulgarian lev A/62 (replaced by BGN) # BGL Bulgarian lev A/99 (replaced by BGN) # BOP Bolivian peso (replaced by BOB) # BRB Brazilian cruzeiro (replaced by BRL) # BRC Brazilian cruzado (replaced by BRL) # CNX Chinese People's Bank dollar (replaced by CNY) # CSJ [[Czechoslovakia|Czechoslovak]] koruna A/53 # CSK [[Czechoslovakia|Czechoslovak]] koruna (replaced by CZK and SKK) # DDM mark der DDR (East Germany) (replaced by DEM) # ECS Ecuador [[Sucre (currency)|sucre]] (replaced by USD) # ECV Ecuador [[Unidad de Valor Constante]] (Funds code) (discontinued) # EQE Equatorial Guinean ekwele (replaced by XAF) # ESA Spanish peseta (account A) # ESB Spanish peseta (account B) # GNE Guinean syli (replaced by XOF) # GWP Guinea peso (replaced by XOF) # ILP Israeli pound (replaced by ILS) # ILR Israeli old shekel (replaced by ILS) # ISJ Icelandic old krona (replaced by ISK) # LAJ Lao kip - Pot Pol (replaced by LAK) # MAF Mali franc (replaced by XOF) # MGF [[Madagascar|Malagasy]] [[franc]] (replaced by MGA) # MKN Macedonian denar A/93 (replaced by MKD) # MVQ Maldive rupee (replaced by MVR) # MXP Mexican peso (replaced by MXN) # PEH Peruvian sol (replaced by PEN) # PLZ Polish złoty A/94 (replaced by PLN) # ROK Romanian leu A/52 (replaced by RON) # ROL [[Romania]]n [[Romanian leu|leu]] A/05 (replaced by RON) # RUR Russian ruble (replaced by RUB) # SRG Suriname guilder (replaced by SRD) # SUR Soviet Union ruble (replaced by RUB) # TPE Timor escudo # TRL [[Lira|Turkish lira]] A/05 (replaced by TRY) # UGW Ugandan old shilling (replaced by UGX) # UYN Uruguay old peso (replaced by UYU) # VNC Vietnamese old dong (replaced by VND) # YDD South Yemeni dinar (replaced by YER) # YUD New Yugoslavian Dinar (replaced by CSD) # YUM Yugoslavian Dinar (replaced by CSD) # ZAL South African [[financial rand]] (Funds code) (discontinued) # ZRN New Zaire (replaced by CDF) # ZRZ Zaire (replaced by CDF) # ZWC Zimbabwe Rhodesian dollar (replaced by ZWD) == See also == *[[Currency]] (with a list by name) *[[Table of historical exchange rates]] *[[List of international trade topics]] *[[Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication|SWIFT]] and [[List of SWIFT codes]] == External links == * [http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/popstds/currencycodeslist.html The official list of ISO-4217 alphabetic and numeric codes] *[http://www.unece.org/cefact/recommendations/rec09/rec09_ecetrd203.pdf An older list of ISO-4217 alphabetic codes that contains some history of ISO-4217] ([[PDF]] file) *[http://fx.sauder.ubc.ca/currency_table.html Another list of numeric and alphabetic ISO 4217 currency codes] <!-- *[http://www.bsi-global.com/Portfolio+of+Products+and+Services/Books+Guides/Consumer/th42090.xalter] &ndash; ISO 4217 Maintenance Authority at the British Standards Institute &ndash; includes list of currency codes (not up-to-date). *[http://www.unece.org/cefact/rec/cocucod.htm] &ndash; [[United Nations Economic Commission for Europe]] (UNECE) &ndash; Country and Currency Codes [http://www.unece.org/cefact/rec/cocucod.htm] (up-to-date): --> * Currency conversion: **http://www.xe.com/ucc/ **http://www.oanda.com/convert/classic *[http://www.fx4business.com/services/EasyReference.html Travelex Country and Currency Guide] [[Category:Currency]] [[Category:Encodings]] [[Category:International economics]] [[Category:International trade]] --> [[ast: ISO 4217]] [[ca:ISO 4217]] [[cs:Seznam m&#283;n]] [[cy:ISO 4217]] [[de:ISO 4217]] [[es:ISO 4217]] [[eo:ISO 4217]] [[fr:ISO 4217]] [[ko:ISO 4217]] [[id:ISO 4217]] [[it:ISO 4217]] [[nl:ISO 4217]] [[ja:ISO 4217]] [[pl:ISO 4217]] [[ru:ISO 4217]] [[sl:ISO 4217]] [[fi:ISO 4217]] [[th:ISO 4217]] [[zh:ISO 4217]] 6723 2005-11-05T16:48:48Z Moyogo 11 lingála tɛ́ {{lingála tɛ́}} <!-- TODO: TRANSLATE '''ISO 4217''' is an [[international standard]] describing three letter codes to define the names of [[currency|currencies]] established by the [[International Organization for Standardization]] (ISO). The first two letters of the code are the two letters of [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2]] [[country codes]] (which are similar to those used for [[Country code top-level domain|national top-level domains]] on the internet) and the third is usually the initial of the currency itself. So [[Japan]]'s currency code becomes JPY&mdash;JP for Japan and Y for [[yen]]. This eliminates the problem caused by the names [[Dollar|dollar]], [[Franc|franc]] and [[Pound (currency)|pound]] being used in dozens of different countries, all with wildly differing values. The standard also defines the relationship between the major currency unit and any minor currency unit. Often, the minor currency unit has a value that is 1/100 of the major unit, but 1/10 or 1/1000 are also common. Some currencies do not have any minor currency unit at all. [[Mauritania]] does not use a decimal division of units, setting 1 [[ouguiya]] (UM) = 5 [[khoums]], and [[Madagascar]] has 1 [[ariary]] = 5 [[iraimbilanja]]. ISO 4217 includes codes for not only currencies, but also codes for precious metals ([[gold]], [[silver]], [[palladium]] and [[platinum]]; normally measured in [[troy ounce]]s) and certain other entities used in international finance, e.g. [[Special Drawing Rights]]. There are also special codes allocated for testing purposes (XTS), and to indicate no currency transactions (XXX). These codes all begin with the letter "X". ISO 3166 never assigns country codes beginning with "X", so ISO 4217 can use "X" codes for non-country-specific currencies without risk of clashing with future country codes. Supranational currencies, such as the [[East Caribbean dollar]], the [[CFP franc]], the [[CFAF|CFA franc]] BEAC and the CFA franc BCEAO are normally also represented by codes beginning with an "X". However, the [[Euro]] is represented by the code EUR; although EU is not an [[ISO 3166-1]] country code, it was used anyway, and in order to do so EU was added to the [[ISO 3166-1]] reserved codes list to represent the [[European Union]]. The predecessor to the Euro, the [[European Currency Unit]], had the code XEU. == History == In 1973, the ISO Technical Committee 68 decided to develop codes for the representation of currencies and funds for use in any application of trade, commerce or banking. At the 17th session (February 1978) of the related [[UN]]/[[United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Europe|ECE]] Group of Experts agreed that the three letter alphabetic codes for International Standard ISO 4217, "Codes for the representation of currencies and funds", would be suitable for use in international trade. Over time, new currencies are created and old currencies are discontinued. Frequently, these changes are due to new governments (through war or a new constitution), treaties between countries standardizing on a currency, or revaluation of the currency due to excessive inflation. As a result, the list of codes must be updated from time to time. The ISO 4217 maintenance agency (MA), the [[British Standards Institution]], is responsible for maintaining the list of codes. == Active codes == # AED [[United Arab Emirates]] [[UAE dirham|dirham]] # AFN [[Afghanistan|Afghan]] [[afghani]] # ALL [[Albania]]n [[Lek (currency)|lek]] # AMD [[Armenia]]n [[Dram (currency)|dram]] # ANG [[Netherlands Antilles|Netherlands Antillian]] [[guilder]] # AOA [[Angola]]n [[kwanza]] # ARS [[Argentine peso]] # AUD [[Australian dollar]] # AWG [[Aruba]]n [[guilder]] # AZM [[Azerbaijan]]i [[manat]] # BAM [[Bosnia-Herzegovina]] [[Convertible Mark|convertible mark]] # BBD [[Barbadian dollar]] # BDT [[Bangladesh]]i [[taka]] # BGN [[Bulgaria]]n [[lev]] (since [[1999]]-[[07-05]]) # BHD [[Bahraini dinar]] # BIF [[Burundi]] [[Burundi franc|franc]] # BMD [[Bermuda dollar]] # BND [[Brunei dollar]] # BOB [[Bolivia]]n [[boliviano]] # BOV Bolivian Mvdol (Funds code) # BRL [[Brazil]]ian [[Real (currency)|real]] # BSD [[Bahamian dollar]] # BTN [[Bhutan]] [[ngultrum]] # BWP [[Botswana]] [[Pula (currency)|pula]] # BYR [[Belarusian ruble]] # BZD [[Belize dollar]] # CAD [[Canadian dollar]] # CDF [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congolese]] [[franc]] # CHF [[Swiss franc]] # CLF Chilean Unidades de fomento (Funds code) # CLP [[Chilean peso]] # CNY [[Yuan]] [[renminbi]] (PR China) # COP [[Colombian peso]] # COU Colombian unidad de valor real (added to the COP) # CRC [[Costa Rica]]n [[Colón (currency)|colón]] # CSD [[Serbian dinar]] # CUC [[Cuban convertible peso]] (replaced USD as additional national currency in [[November 2004]]) # CUP [[Cuban peso]] (still in use) # CVE [[Cape Verde]] [[escudo]] # CYP [[Cyprus Pound|Cyprus pound]] # CZK [[Czech Republic|Czech]] [[koruna]] # DJF [[Djibouti]] [[franc]] # DKK [[Danish krone]] # DOP [[Dominican peso]] # DZD [[Algerian dinar]] # EEK [[Estonia]]n [[kroon]] # EGP [[Egyptian pound]] # ERN [[Eritrean|Eritrea]] [[nakfa]] # ETB [[Ethiopia]]n [[Birr (currency)|birr]] # EUR [[European Union euro]] # FJD [[Fijian dollar]] # FKP [[Falkland Islands]] [[Pound (currency)|pound]] # GBP [[United Kingdom|Great British]] [[Pound sterling|Pound]] # GEL [[Georgian lari]] # GHC [[Ghana]] [[cedi]] # GIP [[Gibraltar pound]] # GMD [[Gambia]]n [[dalasi]] # GNF [[Guinea]] [[franc]] # GTQ [[Guatemala]]n [[Quetzal (currency)|quetzal]] # GYD [[Guyanese dollar]] # HKD [[Hong Kong dollar]] # HNL [[Honduras|Honduran]] [[lempira]] # HRK [[Croatia]]n [[Kuna (currency)|kuna]] # HTG [[Haiti]]an [[gourde]] # HUF [[Hungary|Hungarian]] [[forint]] # IDR [[Indonesian rupiah]] # ILS [[New Israeli shekel]] # INR [[Indian rupee]] # IQD [[Iraqi dinar]] # IRR [[Iranian Rial]] # ISK [[Icelandic Króna|Icelandic króna]] # JMD [[Jamaican dollar]] # JOD [[Jordanian dinar]] # JPY [[Japan]]ese [[yen]] # KES [[Kenyan shilling]] # KGS [[Kyrgyzstan]] [[som]] # KHR [[Cambodia]]n [[riel]] # KMF [[Comorian franc]] # KPW [[North Korea]]n [[won]] # KRW [[South Korea]]n [[won]] # KWD [[Kuwaiti dinar]] # KYD [[Cayman Dollar|Cayman Islands dollar]] # KZT [[Kazakhstan]] [[tenge]] # LAK [[Laos|Lao]] [[kip (currency)|kip]] # LBP [[Lebanese pound]] # LKR [[Sri Lanka]]n [[rupee]] # LRD [[Liberian dollar]] # LSL [[Lesotho]] [[loti]] # LTL [[Lithuania]]n [[litas]] # LVL [[Latvia]]n [[lat]] # LYD [[Libyan dinar]] # MAD [[Morocco|Moroccan]] [[dirham]] # MDL [[Moldovan leu]] # MGA [[Madagascar|Malagasy]] [[ariary]] # MKD [[Macedonian Denar|Macedonian denar]] # MMK [[Myanmar]] [[kyat]] # MNT [[Mongolia]]n [[tugrik]] # MOP [[Macau]] [[pataca]] # MRO [[Mauritania]]n [[ouguiya]] # MTL [[Malta|Maltese]] [[lira]] # MUR [[Mauritius]] [[Mauritian Rupee|rupee]] # MVR [[Maldives]] [[rufiyaa]] # MWK [[Malawi]] [[kwacha]] # MXN [[Mexican peso]] # MXV Mexican Unidad de Inversión (UDI) (Funds code) # MYR [[Malaysia]]n [[Malaysian ringgit|ringgit]] # MZM [[Mozambique]] [[Mozambique Metical|metical]] # NAD [[Namibian dollar]] # NGN [[Nigeria]]n [[naira]] # NIO [[Nicaragua]]n [[Córdoba (currency)|córdoba]] # NOK [[Norwegian krone]] # NPR [[Nepalese Rupee|Nepalese rupee]] # NZD [[New Zealand dollar]] # OMR [[Oman]]i [[rial]] # PAB [[Panama]]nian [[Balboa (currency)|balboa]] # PEN [[Peru]]vian [[Sol (currency)|nuevo sol]] # PGK [[Papua New Guinea]] [[kina]] # PHP [[Philippine peso]] # PKR [[Pakistani Rupee|Pakistani rupee]] # PLN [[Poland|Polish]] [[złoty]] # PYG [[Paraguay]]an [[Guaraní (currency)|guaraní]] # QAR [[Qatar]]i [[rial]] # RON [[Romania]]n [[Romanian leu|leu]] # RUB [[Russia]]n [[ruble]] # RWF [[Rwanda]]n [[franc]] # SAR [[Saudi Arabia]]n [[riyal]] # SBD [[Solomon Islands]] [[Solomon Islands dollar|dollar]] # SCR [[Seychelles rupee]] # SDD [[Sudan]]ese [[dinar]] # SEK [[Sweden|Swedish]] [[krona]] # SGD [[Singapore dollar]] # SHP [[Saint Helena]] [[Saint Helenian pound|pound]] # SIT [[Slovenia|Slovene]] [[tolar]] # SKK [[Slovakia|Slovak]] [[koruna]] # SLL [[Sierra Leone]]an [[leone]] # SOS [[Somalia|Somali]] [[shilling]] # SRD [[Suriname dollar]] (since [[2004]]-[[01-01]]) # STD [[São Tomé and Príncipe]] [[dobra]] # SVC [[El Salvador|Salvadoran]] [[Colón (currency)|colón]] # SYP [[Syrian pound]] # SZL [[Swaziland]] [[lilangeni]] # THB [[Thai]] [[baht]] # TJS [[Tajikistan]]i [[Tajikistani Somoni|somoni]] # TMM [[Turkmenistan|Turkmen]] [[Manat (Turkmenistan)|manat]] # TND [[Tunisia]]n [[dinar]] # TOP [[Tonga]]n [[Pa'anga]] # TRY [[New Turkish Lira|New Turkish lira]] # TTD [[Trinidad and Tobago]] [[dollar]] # TWD [[New Taiwan dollar]] # TZS [[Tanzania]]n [[shilling]] # UAH [[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] [[hryvnia]] # UGX [[Uganda]]n [[shilling]] # USD [[United States dollar]] # USN United States dollar (Next day) (Funds code) # USS United States dollar (Same day) (Funds code) (one source claims it is no longer used, but it is still on the ISO 4217-MA list) # UYU [[Uruguay]]an [[peso]] # UZS [[Uzbekistan]]i [[Uzbekistani Som|som]] # VEB [[Venezuela]]n [[Venezuelan Bolivar|bolívar]] # VND [[Viet Nam]] [[Dong (currency)|dong]] # VUV [[Vanuatu]] [[vatu]] # WST Samoa Tala # XAF [[CFAF|CFA franc]] BEAC # XAG [[Silver]] [[Troy ounce|ounce]] # XAU [[Gold]] [[Troy ounce|ounce]] # XBA [[European Composite Unit]] (EURCO) (Bonds market unit) # XBB [[European Monetary Unit]] (E.M.U.-6) (Bonds market unit) # XBC [[European Unit of Account 9]] (E.U.A.-9) (Bonds market unit) # XBD [[European Unit of Account 17]] (E.U.A.-17) (Bonds market unit) # XCD [[East Caribbean dollar]] # XDR [[Special Drawing Rights]] ([[International Monetary Fund|IMF]]) # XFO [[Gold-franc]] (Special settlement currency) # XFU [[UIC franc]] (Special settlement currency) # XOF [[CFAF|CFA franc]] BCEAO # XPD [[Palladium]] [[Troy ounce|ounce]] # XPF [[CFP franc]] # XPT [[Platinum]] [[Troy ounce|ounce]] # XTS Code reserved for testing purposes # XXX No currency # YER [[Yemen]]i [[rial]] # ZAR [[South Africa]]n [[Rand (currency)|rand]] # ZMK [[Zambia]]n [[kwacha]] # ZWD [[Zimbabwe dollar]] == Obsolete currency codes == ===Replaced by Euro=== # ADP [[Andorran Peseta]] # ATS Austrian Schilling # BEF Belgian Franc # DEM [[Deutsche Mark]] # ESP Spanish [[Peseta]] # FIM Finnish [[Markka]] # FRF French [[Franc]] # GRD Greek [[Drachma]] # IEP [[Irish Pound]] # ITL [[Italian Lira]] # LUF [[Luxembourg Franc]] # NLG Netherlands [[Guilder]] # PTE [[Portugal|Portuguese]] [[Escudo]] In addition, the currency code '''XEU''' has been replaced by '''EUR'''. ===Replaced for other reasons=== # AFA [[Afghani]] (replaced by AFN) # ALK Albanian old lek (replaced by ALL) # AON Angolan New Kwanza (replaced by AOA) # AOR Angolan Kwanza Readjustado (replaced by AOA) # ARP Peso Argentino (replaced by ARS) # ARY Argentine peso (replaced by ARS) # BEC [[Belgian Franc]] (convertible) # BGJ Bulgarian lev A/52 (replaced by BGN) # BGK Bulgarian lev A/62 (replaced by BGN) # BGL Bulgarian lev A/99 (replaced by BGN) # BOP Bolivian peso (replaced by BOB) # BRB Brazilian cruzeiro (replaced by BRL) # BRC Brazilian cruzado (replaced by BRL) # CNX Chinese People's Bank dollar (replaced by CNY) # CSJ [[Czechoslovakia|Czechoslovak]] koruna A/53 # CSK [[Czechoslovakia|Czechoslovak]] koruna (replaced by CZK and SKK) # DDM mark der DDR (East Germany) (replaced by DEM) # ECS Ecuador [[Sucre (currency)|sucre]] (replaced by USD) # ECV Ecuador [[Unidad de Valor Constante]] (Funds code) (discontinued) # EQE Equatorial Guinean ekwele (replaced by XAF) # ESA Spanish peseta (account A) # ESB Spanish peseta (account B) # GNE Guinean syli (replaced by XOF) # GWP Guinea peso (replaced by XOF) # ILP Israeli pound (replaced by ILS) # ILR Israeli old shekel (replaced by ILS) # ISJ Icelandic old krona (replaced by ISK) # LAJ Lao kip - Pot Pol (replaced by LAK) # MAF Mali franc (replaced by XOF) # MGF [[Madagascar|Malagasy]] [[franc]] (replaced by MGA) # MKN Macedonian denar A/93 (replaced by MKD) # MVQ Maldive rupee (replaced by MVR) # MXP Mexican peso (replaced by MXN) # PEH Peruvian sol (replaced by PEN) # PLZ Polish złoty A/94 (replaced by PLN) # ROK Romanian leu A/52 (replaced by RON) # ROL [[Romania]]n [[Romanian leu|leu]] A/05 (replaced by RON) # RUR Russian ruble (replaced by RUB) # SRG Suriname guilder (replaced by SRD) # SUR Soviet Union ruble (replaced by RUB) # TPE Timor escudo # TRL [[Lira|Turkish lira]] A/05 (replaced by TRY) # UGW Ugandan old shilling (replaced by UGX) # UYN Uruguay old peso (replaced by UYU) # VNC Vietnamese old dong (replaced by VND) # YDD South Yemeni dinar (replaced by YER) # YUD New Yugoslavian Dinar (replaced by CSD) # YUM Yugoslavian Dinar (replaced by CSD) # ZAL South African [[financial rand]] (Funds code) (discontinued) # ZRN New Zaire (replaced by CDF) # ZRZ Zaire (replaced by CDF) # ZWC Zimbabwe Rhodesian dollar (replaced by ZWD) == See also == *[[Currency]] (with a list by name) *[[Table of historical exchange rates]] *[[List of international trade topics]] *[[Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication|SWIFT]] and [[List of SWIFT codes]] == External links == * [http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/popstds/currencycodeslist.html The official list of ISO-4217 alphabetic and numeric codes] *[http://www.unece.org/cefact/recommendations/rec09/rec09_ecetrd203.pdf An older list of ISO-4217 alphabetic codes that contains some history of ISO-4217] ([[PDF]] file) *[http://fx.sauder.ubc.ca/currency_table.html Another list of numeric and alphabetic ISO 4217 currency codes] <!-- *[http://www.bsi-global.com/Portfolio+of+Products+and+Services/Books+Guides/Consumer/th42090.xalter] &ndash; ISO 4217 Maintenance Authority at the British Standards Institute &ndash; includes list of currency codes (not up-to-date). *[http://www.unece.org/cefact/rec/cocucod.htm] &ndash; [[United Nations Economic Commission for Europe]] (UNECE) &ndash; Country and Currency Codes [http://www.unece.org/cefact/rec/cocucod.htm] (up-to-date): --> * Currency conversion: **http://www.xe.com/ucc/ **http://www.oanda.com/convert/classic *[http://www.fx4business.com/services/EasyReference.html Travelex Country and Currency Guide] [[Category:Currency]] [[Category:Encodings]] [[Category:International economics]] [[Category:International trade]] --> [[ast: ISO 4217]] [[ca:ISO 4217]] [[cs:Seznam m&#283;n]] [[cy:ISO 4217]] [[de:ISO 4217]] [[es:ISO 4217]] [[eo:ISO 4217]] [[fr:ISO 4217]] [[ko:ISO 4217]] [[id:ISO 4217]] [[it:ISO 4217]] [[nl:ISO 4217]] [[ja:ISO 4217]] [[pl:ISO 4217]] [[ru:ISO 4217]] [[sl:ISO 4217]] [[fi:ISO 4217]] [[th:ISO 4217]] [[zh:ISO 4217]] 6724 2005-11-05T16:49:08Z Moyogo 11 {{lingála tɛ́}} <!-- TODO: TRANSLATE '''ISO 4217''' is an [[international standard]] describing three letter codes to define the names of [[currency|currencies]] established by the [[International Organization for Standardization]] (ISO). The first two letters of the code are the two letters of [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2]] [[country codes]] (which are similar to those used for [[Country code top-level domain|national top-level domains]] on the internet) and the third is usually the initial of the currency itself. So [[Japan]]'s currency code becomes JPY&mdash;JP for Japan and Y for [[yen]]. This eliminates the problem caused by the names [[Dollar|dollar]], [[Franc|franc]] and [[Pound (currency)|pound]] being used in dozens of different countries, all with wildly differing values. The standard also defines the relationship between the major currency unit and any minor currency unit. Often, the minor currency unit has a value that is 1/100 of the major unit, but 1/10 or 1/1000 are also common. Some currencies do not have any minor currency unit at all. [[Mauritania]] does not use a decimal division of units, setting 1 [[ouguiya]] (UM) = 5 [[khoums]], and [[Madagascar]] has 1 [[ariary]] = 5 [[iraimbilanja]]. ISO 4217 includes codes for not only currencies, but also codes for precious metals ([[gold]], [[silver]], [[palladium]] and [[platinum]]; normally measured in [[troy ounce]]s) and certain other entities used in international finance, e.g. [[Special Drawing Rights]]. There are also special codes allocated for testing purposes (XTS), and to indicate no currency transactions (XXX). These codes all begin with the letter "X". ISO 3166 never assigns country codes beginning with "X", so ISO 4217 can use "X" codes for non-country-specific currencies without risk of clashing with future country codes. Supranational currencies, such as the [[East Caribbean dollar]], the [[CFP franc]], the [[CFAF|CFA franc]] BEAC and the CFA franc BCEAO are normally also represented by codes beginning with an "X". However, the [[Euro]] is represented by the code EUR; although EU is not an [[ISO 3166-1]] country code, it was used anyway, and in order to do so EU was added to the [[ISO 3166-1]] reserved codes list to represent the [[European Union]]. The predecessor to the Euro, the [[European Currency Unit]], had the code XEU. == History == In 1973, the ISO Technical Committee 68 decided to develop codes for the representation of currencies and funds for use in any application of trade, commerce or banking. At the 17th session (February 1978) of the related [[UN]]/[[United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Europe|ECE]] Group of Experts agreed that the three letter alphabetic codes for International Standard ISO 4217, "Codes for the representation of currencies and funds", would be suitable for use in international trade. Over time, new currencies are created and old currencies are discontinued. Frequently, these changes are due to new governments (through war or a new constitution), treaties between countries standardizing on a currency, or revaluation of the currency due to excessive inflation. As a result, the list of codes must be updated from time to time. The ISO 4217 maintenance agency (MA), the [[British Standards Institution]], is responsible for maintaining the list of codes. == Active codes == # AED [[United Arab Emirates]] [[UAE dirham|dirham]] # AFN [[Afghanistan|Afghan]] [[afghani]] # ALL [[Albania]]n [[Lek (currency)|lek]] # AMD [[Armenia]]n [[Dram (currency)|dram]] # ANG [[Netherlands Antilles|Netherlands Antillian]] [[guilder]] # AOA [[Angola]]n [[kwanza]] # ARS [[Argentine peso]] # AUD [[Australian dollar]] # AWG [[Aruba]]n [[guilder]] # AZM [[Azerbaijan]]i [[manat]] # BAM [[Bosnia-Herzegovina]] [[Convertible Mark|convertible mark]] # BBD [[Barbadian dollar]] # BDT [[Bangladesh]]i [[taka]] # BGN [[Bulgaria]]n [[lev]] (since [[1999]]-[[07-05]]) # BHD [[Bahraini dinar]] # BIF [[Burundi]] [[Burundi franc|franc]] # BMD [[Bermuda dollar]] # BND [[Brunei dollar]] # BOB [[Bolivia]]n [[boliviano]] # BOV Bolivian Mvdol (Funds code) # BRL [[Brazil]]ian [[Real (currency)|real]] # BSD [[Bahamian dollar]] # BTN [[Bhutan]] [[ngultrum]] # BWP [[Botswana]] [[Pula (currency)|pula]] # BYR [[Belarusian ruble]] # BZD [[Belize dollar]] # CAD [[Canadian dollar]] # CDF [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congolese]] [[franc]] # CHF [[Swiss franc]] # CLF Chilean Unidades de fomento (Funds code) # CLP [[Chilean peso]] # CNY [[Yuan]] [[renminbi]] (PR China) # COP [[Colombian peso]] # COU Colombian unidad de valor real (added to the COP) # CRC [[Costa Rica]]n [[Colón (currency)|colón]] # CSD [[Serbian dinar]] # CUC [[Cuban convertible peso]] (replaced USD as additional national currency in [[November 2004]]) # CUP [[Cuban peso]] (still in use) # CVE [[Cape Verde]] [[escudo]] # CYP [[Cyprus Pound|Cyprus pound]] # CZK [[Czech Republic|Czech]] [[koruna]] # DJF [[Djibouti]] [[franc]] # DKK [[Danish krone]] # DOP [[Dominican peso]] # DZD [[Algerian dinar]] # EEK [[Estonia]]n [[kroon]] # EGP [[Egyptian pound]] # ERN [[Eritrean|Eritrea]] [[nakfa]] # ETB [[Ethiopia]]n [[Birr (currency)|birr]] # EUR [[European Union euro]] # FJD [[Fijian dollar]] # FKP [[Falkland Islands]] [[Pound (currency)|pound]] # GBP [[United Kingdom|Great British]] [[Pound sterling|Pound]] # GEL [[Georgian lari]] # GHC [[Ghana]] [[cedi]] # GIP [[Gibraltar pound]] # GMD [[Gambia]]n [[dalasi]] # GNF [[Guinea]] [[franc]] # GTQ [[Guatemala]]n [[Quetzal (currency)|quetzal]] # GYD [[Guyanese dollar]] # HKD [[Hong Kong dollar]] # HNL [[Honduras|Honduran]] [[lempira]] # HRK [[Croatia]]n [[Kuna (currency)|kuna]] # HTG [[Haiti]]an [[gourde]] # HUF [[Hungary|Hungarian]] [[forint]] # IDR [[Indonesian rupiah]] # ILS [[New Israeli shekel]] # INR [[Indian rupee]] # IQD [[Iraqi dinar]] # IRR [[Iranian Rial]] # ISK [[Icelandic Króna|Icelandic króna]] # JMD [[Jamaican dollar]] # JOD [[Jordanian dinar]] # JPY [[Japan]]ese [[yen]] # KES [[Kenyan shilling]] # KGS [[Kyrgyzstan]] [[som]] # KHR [[Cambodia]]n [[riel]] # KMF [[Comorian franc]] # KPW [[North Korea]]n [[won]] # KRW [[South Korea]]n [[won]] # KWD [[Kuwaiti dinar]] # KYD [[Cayman Dollar|Cayman Islands dollar]] # KZT [[Kazakhstan]] [[tenge]] # LAK [[Laos|Lao]] [[kip (currency)|kip]] # LBP [[Lebanese pound]] # LKR [[Sri Lanka]]n [[rupee]] # LRD [[Liberian dollar]] # LSL [[Lesotho]] [[loti]] # LTL [[Lithuania]]n [[litas]] # LVL [[Latvia]]n [[lat]] # LYD [[Libyan dinar]] # MAD [[Morocco|Moroccan]] [[dirham]] # MDL [[Moldovan leu]] # MGA [[Madagascar|Malagasy]] [[ariary]] # MKD [[Macedonian Denar|Macedonian denar]] # MMK [[Myanmar]] [[kyat]] # MNT [[Mongolia]]n [[tugrik]] # MOP [[Macau]] [[pataca]] # MRO [[Mauritania]]n [[ouguiya]] # MTL [[Malta|Maltese]] [[lira]] # MUR [[Mauritius]] [[Mauritian Rupee|rupee]] # MVR [[Maldives]] [[rufiyaa]] # MWK [[Malawi]] [[kwacha]] # MXN [[Mexican peso]] # MXV Mexican Unidad de Inversión (UDI) (Funds code) # MYR [[Malaysia]]n [[Malaysian ringgit|ringgit]] # MZM [[Mozambique]] [[Mozambique Metical|metical]] # NAD [[Namibian dollar]] # NGN [[Nigeria]]n [[naira]] # NIO [[Nicaragua]]n [[Córdoba (currency)|córdoba]] # NOK [[Norwegian krone]] # NPR [[Nepalese Rupee|Nepalese rupee]] # NZD [[New Zealand dollar]] # OMR [[Oman]]i [[rial]] # PAB [[Panama]]nian [[Balboa (currency)|balboa]] # PEN [[Peru]]vian [[Sol (currency)|nuevo sol]] # PGK [[Papua New Guinea]] [[kina]] # PHP [[Philippine peso]] # PKR [[Pakistani Rupee|Pakistani rupee]] # PLN [[Poland|Polish]] [[złoty]] # PYG [[Paraguay]]an [[Guaraní (currency)|guaraní]] # QAR [[Qatar]]i [[rial]] # RON [[Romania]]n [[Romanian leu|leu]] # RUB [[Russia]]n [[ruble]] # RWF [[Rwanda]]n [[franc]] # SAR [[Saudi Arabia]]n [[riyal]] # SBD [[Solomon Islands]] [[Solomon Islands dollar|dollar]] # SCR [[Seychelles rupee]] # SDD [[Sudan]]ese [[dinar]] # SEK [[Sweden|Swedish]] [[krona]] # SGD [[Singapore dollar]] # SHP [[Saint Helena]] [[Saint Helenian pound|pound]] # SIT [[Slovenia|Slovene]] [[tolar]] # SKK [[Slovakia|Slovak]] [[koruna]] # SLL [[Sierra Leone]]an [[leone]] # SOS [[Somalia|Somali]] [[shilling]] # SRD [[Suriname dollar]] (since [[2004]]-[[01-01]]) # STD [[São Tomé and Príncipe]] [[dobra]] # SVC [[El Salvador|Salvadoran]] [[Colón (currency)|colón]] # SYP [[Syrian pound]] # SZL [[Swaziland]] [[lilangeni]] # THB [[Thai]] [[baht]] # TJS [[Tajikistan]]i [[Tajikistani Somoni|somoni]] # TMM [[Turkmenistan|Turkmen]] [[Manat (Turkmenistan)|manat]] # TND [[Tunisia]]n [[dinar]] # TOP [[Tonga]]n [[Pa'anga]] # TRY [[New Turkish Lira|New Turkish lira]] # TTD [[Trinidad and Tobago]] [[dollar]] # TWD [[New Taiwan dollar]] # TZS [[Tanzania]]n [[shilling]] # UAH [[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] [[hryvnia]] # UGX [[Uganda]]n [[shilling]] # USD [[United States dollar]] # USN United States dollar (Next day) (Funds code) # USS United States dollar (Same day) (Funds code) (one source claims it is no longer used, but it is still on the ISO 4217-MA list) # UYU [[Uruguay]]an [[peso]] # UZS [[Uzbekistan]]i [[Uzbekistani Som|som]] # VEB [[Venezuela]]n [[Venezuelan Bolivar|bolívar]] # VND [[Viet Nam]] [[Dong (currency)|dong]] # VUV [[Vanuatu]] [[vatu]] # WST Samoa Tala # XAF [[CFAF|CFA franc]] BEAC # XAG [[Silver]] [[Troy ounce|ounce]] # XAU [[Gold]] [[Troy ounce|ounce]] # XBA [[European Composite Unit]] (EURCO) (Bonds market unit) # XBB [[European Monetary Unit]] (E.M.U.-6) (Bonds market unit) # XBC [[European Unit of Account 9]] (E.U.A.-9) (Bonds market unit) # XBD [[European Unit of Account 17]] (E.U.A.-17) (Bonds market unit) # XCD [[East Caribbean dollar]] # XDR [[Special Drawing Rights]] ([[International Monetary Fund|IMF]]) # XFO [[Gold-franc]] (Special settlement currency) # XFU [[UIC franc]] (Special settlement currency) # XOF [[CFAF|CFA franc]] BCEAO # XPD [[Palladium]] [[Troy ounce|ounce]] # XPF [[CFP franc]] # XPT [[Platinum]] [[Troy ounce|ounce]] # XTS Code reserved for testing purposes # XXX No currency # YER [[Yemen]]i [[rial]] # ZAR [[South Africa]]n [[Rand (currency)|rand]] # ZMK [[Zambia]]n [[kwacha]] # ZWD [[Zimbabwe dollar]] == Obsolete currency codes == ===Replaced by Euro=== # ADP [[Andorran Peseta]] # ATS Austrian Schilling # BEF Belgian Franc # DEM [[Deutsche Mark]] # ESP Spanish [[Peseta]] # FIM Finnish [[Markka]] # FRF French [[Franc]] # GRD Greek [[Drachma]] # IEP [[Irish Pound]] # ITL [[Italian Lira]] # LUF [[Luxembourg Franc]] # NLG Netherlands [[Guilder]] # PTE [[Portugal|Portuguese]] [[Escudo]] In addition, the currency code '''XEU''' has been replaced by '''EUR'''. ===Replaced for other reasons=== # AFA [[Afghani]] (replaced by AFN) # ALK Albanian old lek (replaced by ALL) # AON Angolan New Kwanza (replaced by AOA) # AOR Angolan Kwanza Readjustado (replaced by AOA) # ARP Peso Argentino (replaced by ARS) # ARY Argentine peso (replaced by ARS) # BEC [[Belgian Franc]] (convertible) # BGJ Bulgarian lev A/52 (replaced by BGN) # BGK Bulgarian lev A/62 (replaced by BGN) # BGL Bulgarian lev A/99 (replaced by BGN) # BOP Bolivian peso (replaced by BOB) # BRB Brazilian cruzeiro (replaced by BRL) # BRC Brazilian cruzado (replaced by BRL) # CNX Chinese People's Bank dollar (replaced by CNY) # CSJ [[Czechoslovakia|Czechoslovak]] koruna A/53 # CSK [[Czechoslovakia|Czechoslovak]] koruna (replaced by CZK and SKK) # DDM mark der DDR (East Germany) (replaced by DEM) # ECS Ecuador [[Sucre (currency)|sucre]] (replaced by USD) # ECV Ecuador [[Unidad de Valor Constante]] (Funds code) (discontinued) # EQE Equatorial Guinean ekwele (replaced by XAF) # ESA Spanish peseta (account A) # ESB Spanish peseta (account B) # GNE Guinean syli (replaced by XOF) # GWP Guinea peso (replaced by XOF) # ILP Israeli pound (replaced by ILS) # ILR Israeli old shekel (replaced by ILS) # ISJ Icelandic old krona (replaced by ISK) # LAJ Lao kip - Pot Pol (replaced by LAK) # MAF Mali franc (replaced by XOF) # MGF [[Madagascar|Malagasy]] [[franc]] (replaced by MGA) # MKN Macedonian denar A/93 (replaced by MKD) # MVQ Maldive rupee (replaced by MVR) # MXP Mexican peso (replaced by MXN) # PEH Peruvian sol (replaced by PEN) # PLZ Polish złoty A/94 (replaced by PLN) # ROK Romanian leu A/52 (replaced by RON) # ROL [[Romania]]n [[Romanian leu|leu]] A/05 (replaced by RON) # RUR Russian ruble (replaced by RUB) # SRG Suriname guilder (replaced by SRD) # SUR Soviet Union ruble (replaced by RUB) # TPE Timor escudo # TRL [[Lira|Turkish lira]] A/05 (replaced by TRY) # UGW Ugandan old shilling (replaced by UGX) # UYN Uruguay old peso (replaced by UYU) # VNC Vietnamese old dong (replaced by VND) # YDD South Yemeni dinar (replaced by YER) # YUD New Yugoslavian Dinar (replaced by CSD) # YUM Yugoslavian Dinar (replaced by CSD) # ZAL South African [[financial rand]] (Funds code) (discontinued) # ZRN New Zaire (replaced by CDF) # ZRZ Zaire (replaced by CDF) # ZWC Zimbabwe Rhodesian dollar (replaced by ZWD) == See also == *[[Currency]] (with a list by name) *[[Table of historical exchange rates]] *[[List of international trade topics]] *[[Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication|SWIFT]] and [[List of SWIFT codes]] == External links == * [http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/popstds/currencycodeslist.html The official list of ISO-4217 alphabetic and numeric codes] *[http://www.unece.org/cefact/recommendations/rec09/rec09_ecetrd203.pdf An older list of ISO-4217 alphabetic codes that contains some history of ISO-4217] ([[PDF]] file) *[http://fx.sauder.ubc.ca/currency_table.html Another list of numeric and alphabetic ISO 4217 currency codes] <!-- *[http://www.bsi-global.com/Portfolio+of+Products+and+Services/Books+Guides/Consumer/th42090.xalter] &ndash; ISO 4217 Maintenance Authority at the British Standards Institute &ndash; includes list of currency codes (not up-to-date). *[http://www.unece.org/cefact/rec/cocucod.htm] &ndash; [[United Nations Economic Commission for Europe]] (UNECE) &ndash; Country and Currency Codes [http://www.unece.org/cefact/rec/cocucod.htm] (up-to-date): --> * Currency conversion: **http://www.xe.com/ucc/ **http://www.oanda.com/convert/classic *[http://www.fx4business.com/services/EasyReference.html Travelex Country and Currency Guide] [[Category:Currency]] [[Category:Encodings]] [[Category:International economics]] [[Category:International trade]] --> [[ast: ISO 4217]] [[ca:ISO 4217]] [[cs:Seznam m&#283;n]] [[cy:ISO 4217]] [[de:ISO 4217]] [[es:ISO 4217]] [[eo:ISO 4217]] [[fr:ISO 4217]] [[ko:ISO 4217]] [[id:ISO 4217]] [[it:ISO 4217]] [[nl:ISO 4217]] [[ja:ISO 4217]] [[pl:ISO 4217]] [[ru:ISO 4217]] [[sl:ISO 4217]] [[fi:ISO 4217]] [[th:ISO 4217]] [[zh:ISO 4217]] 7825 2006-03-10T16:45:13Z Bombo 12 {{lingála tɛ́}} TODO: TRANSLATE / A FAIRE: TRADUIRE <!-- '''ISO 4217''' is an [[international standard]] describing three letter codes to define the names of [[currency|currencies]] established by the [[International Organization for Standardization]] (ISO). The first two letters of the code are the two letters of [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2]] [[country codes]] (which are similar to those used for [[Country code top-level domain|national top-level domains]] on the internet) and the third is usually the initial of the currency itself. So [[Japan]]'s currency code becomes JPY&mdash;JP for Japan and Y for [[yen]]. This eliminates the problem caused by the names [[Dollar|dollar]], [[Franc|franc]] and [[Pound (currency)|pound]] being used in dozens of different countries, all with wildly differing values. The standard also defines the relationship between the major currency unit and any minor currency unit. Often, the minor currency unit has a value that is 1/100 of the major unit, but 1/10 or 1/1000 are also common. Some currencies do not have any minor currency unit at all. [[Mauritania]] does not use a decimal division of units, setting 1 [[ouguiya]] (UM) = 5 [[khoums]], and [[Madagascar]] has 1 [[ariary]] = 5 [[iraimbilanja]]. ISO 4217 includes codes for not only currencies, but also codes for precious metals ([[gold]], [[silver]], [[palladium]] and [[platinum]]; normally measured in [[troy ounce]]s) and certain other entities used in international finance, e.g. [[Special Drawing Rights]]. There are also special codes allocated for testing purposes (XTS), and to indicate no currency transactions (XXX). These codes all begin with the letter "X". ISO 3166 never assigns country codes beginning with "X", so ISO 4217 can use "X" codes for non-country-specific currencies without risk of clashing with future country codes. Supranational currencies, such as the [[East Caribbean dollar]], the [[CFP franc]], the [[CFAF|CFA franc]] BEAC and the CFA franc BCEAO are normally also represented by codes beginning with an "X". However, the [[Euro]] is represented by the code EUR; although EU is not an [[ISO 3166-1]] country code, it was used anyway, and in order to do so EU was added to the [[ISO 3166-1]] reserved codes list to represent the [[European Union]]. The predecessor to the Euro, the [[European Currency Unit]], had the code XEU. == History == In 1973, the ISO Technical Committee 68 decided to develop codes for the representation of currencies and funds for use in any application of trade, commerce or banking. At the 17th session (February 1978) of the related [[UN]]/[[United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Europe|ECE]] Group of Experts agreed that the three letter alphabetic codes for International Standard ISO 4217, "Codes for the representation of currencies and funds", would be suitable for use in international trade. Over time, new currencies are created and old currencies are discontinued. Frequently, these changes are due to new governments (through war or a new constitution), treaties between countries standardizing on a currency, or revaluation of the currency due to excessive inflation. As a result, the list of codes must be updated from time to time. The ISO 4217 maintenance agency (MA), the [[British Standards Institution]], is responsible for maintaining the list of codes. == Active codes == # AED [[United Arab Emirates]] [[UAE dirham|dirham]] # AFN [[Afghanistan|Afghan]] [[afghani]] # ALL [[Albania]]n [[Lek (currency)|lek]] # AMD [[Armenia]]n [[Dram (currency)|dram]] # ANG [[Netherlands Antilles|Netherlands Antillian]] [[guilder]] # AOA [[Angola]]n [[kwanza]] # ARS [[Argentine peso]] # AUD [[Australian dollar]] # AWG [[Aruba]]n [[guilder]] # AZM [[Azerbaijan]]i [[manat]] # BAM [[Bosnia-Herzegovina]] [[Convertible Mark|convertible mark]] # BBD [[Barbadian dollar]] # BDT [[Bangladesh]]i [[taka]] # BGN [[Bulgaria]]n [[lev]] (since [[1999]]-[[07-05]]) # BHD [[Bahraini dinar]] # BIF [[Burundi]] [[Burundi franc|franc]] # BMD [[Bermuda dollar]] # BND [[Brunei dollar]] # BOB [[Bolivia]]n [[boliviano]] # BOV Bolivian Mvdol (Funds code) # BRL [[Brazil]]ian [[Real (currency)|real]] # BSD [[Bahamian dollar]] # BTN [[Bhutan]] [[ngultrum]] # BWP [[Botswana]] [[Pula (currency)|pula]] # BYR [[Belarusian ruble]] # BZD [[Belize dollar]] # CAD [[Canadian dollar]] # CDF [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congolese]] [[franc]] # CHF [[Swiss franc]] # CLF Chilean Unidades de fomento (Funds code) # CLP [[Chilean peso]] # CNY [[Yuan]] [[renminbi]] (PR China) # COP [[Colombian peso]] # COU Colombian unidad de valor real (added to the COP) # CRC [[Costa Rica]]n [[Colón (currency)|colón]] # CSD [[Serbian dinar]] # CUC [[Cuban convertible peso]] (replaced USD as additional national currency in [[November 2004]]) # CUP [[Cuban peso]] (still in use) # CVE [[Cape Verde]] [[escudo]] # CYP [[Cyprus Pound|Cyprus pound]] # CZK [[Czech Republic|Czech]] [[koruna]] # DJF [[Djibouti]] [[franc]] # DKK [[Danish krone]] # DOP [[Dominican peso]] # DZD [[Algerian dinar]] # EEK [[Estonia]]n [[kroon]] # EGP [[Egyptian pound]] # ERN [[Eritrean|Eritrea]] [[nakfa]] # ETB [[Ethiopia]]n [[Birr (currency)|birr]] # EUR [[European Union euro]] # FJD [[Fijian dollar]] # FKP [[Falkland Islands]] [[Pound (currency)|pound]] # GBP [[United Kingdom|Great British]] [[Pound sterling|Pound]] # GEL [[Georgian lari]] # GHC [[Ghana]] [[cedi]] # GIP [[Gibraltar pound]] # GMD [[Gambia]]n [[dalasi]] # GNF [[Guinea]] [[franc]] # GTQ [[Guatemala]]n [[Quetzal (currency)|quetzal]] # GYD [[Guyanese dollar]] # HKD [[Hong Kong dollar]] # HNL [[Honduras|Honduran]] [[lempira]] # HRK [[Croatia]]n [[Kuna (currency)|kuna]] # HTG [[Haiti]]an [[gourde]] # HUF [[Hungary|Hungarian]] [[forint]] # IDR [[Indonesian rupiah]] # ILS [[New Israeli shekel]] # INR [[Indian rupee]] # IQD [[Iraqi dinar]] # IRR [[Iranian Rial]] # ISK [[Icelandic Króna|Icelandic króna]] # JMD [[Jamaican dollar]] # JOD [[Jordanian dinar]] # JPY [[Japan]]ese [[yen]] # KES [[Kenyan shilling]] # KGS [[Kyrgyzstan]] [[som]] # KHR [[Cambodia]]n [[riel]] # KMF [[Comorian franc]] # KPW [[North Korea]]n [[won]] # KRW [[South Korea]]n [[won]] # KWD [[Kuwaiti dinar]] # KYD [[Cayman Dollar|Cayman Islands dollar]] # KZT [[Kazakhstan]] [[tenge]] # LAK [[Laos|Lao]] [[kip (currency)|kip]] # LBP [[Lebanese pound]] # LKR [[Sri Lanka]]n [[rupee]] # LRD [[Liberian dollar]] # LSL [[Lesotho]] [[loti]] # LTL [[Lithuania]]n [[litas]] # LVL [[Latvia]]n [[lat]] # LYD [[Libyan dinar]] # MAD [[Morocco|Moroccan]] [[dirham]] # MDL [[Moldovan leu]] # MGA [[Madagascar|Malagasy]] [[ariary]] # MKD [[Macedonian Denar|Macedonian denar]] # MMK [[Myanmar]] [[kyat]] # MNT [[Mongolia]]n [[tugrik]] # MOP [[Macau]] [[pataca]] # MRO [[Mauritania]]n [[ouguiya]] # MTL [[Malta|Maltese]] [[lira]] # MUR [[Mauritius]] [[Mauritian Rupee|rupee]] # MVR [[Maldives]] [[rufiyaa]] # MWK [[Malawi]] [[kwacha]] # MXN [[Mexican peso]] # MXV Mexican Unidad de Inversión (UDI) (Funds code) # MYR [[Malaysia]]n [[Malaysian ringgit|ringgit]] # MZM [[Mozambique]] [[Mozambique Metical|metical]] # NAD [[Namibian dollar]] # NGN [[Nigeria]]n [[naira]] # NIO [[Nicaragua]]n [[Córdoba (currency)|córdoba]] # NOK [[Norwegian krone]] # NPR [[Nepalese Rupee|Nepalese rupee]] # NZD [[New Zealand dollar]] # OMR [[Oman]]i [[rial]] # PAB [[Panama]]nian [[Balboa (currency)|balboa]] # PEN [[Peru]]vian [[Sol (currency)|nuevo sol]] # PGK [[Papua New Guinea]] [[kina]] # PHP [[Philippine peso]] # PKR [[Pakistani Rupee|Pakistani rupee]] # PLN [[Poland|Polish]] [[złoty]] # PYG [[Paraguay]]an [[Guaraní (currency)|guaraní]] # QAR [[Qatar]]i [[rial]] # RON [[Romania]]n [[Romanian leu|leu]] # RUB [[Russia]]n [[ruble]] # RWF [[Rwanda]]n [[franc]] # SAR [[Saudi Arabia]]n [[riyal]] # SBD [[Solomon Islands]] [[Solomon Islands dollar|dollar]] # SCR [[Seychelles rupee]] # SDD [[Sudan]]ese [[dinar]] # SEK [[Sweden|Swedish]] [[krona]] # SGD [[Singapore dollar]] # SHP [[Saint Helena]] [[Saint Helenian pound|pound]] # SIT [[Slovenia|Slovene]] [[tolar]] # SKK [[Slovakia|Slovak]] [[koruna]] # SLL [[Sierra Leone]]an [[leone]] # SOS [[Somalia|Somali]] [[shilling]] # SRD [[Suriname dollar]] (since [[2004]]-[[01-01]]) # STD [[São Tomé and Príncipe]] [[dobra]] # SVC [[El Salvador|Salvadoran]] [[Colón (currency)|colón]] # SYP [[Syrian pound]] # SZL [[Swaziland]] [[lilangeni]] # THB [[Thai]] [[baht]] # TJS [[Tajikistan]]i [[Tajikistani Somoni|somoni]] # TMM [[Turkmenistan|Turkmen]] [[Manat (Turkmenistan)|manat]] # TND [[Tunisia]]n [[dinar]] # TOP [[Tonga]]n [[Pa'anga]] # TRY [[New Turkish Lira|New Turkish lira]] # TTD [[Trinidad and Tobago]] [[dollar]] # TWD [[New Taiwan dollar]] # TZS [[Tanzania]]n [[shilling]] # UAH [[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] [[hryvnia]] # UGX [[Uganda]]n [[shilling]] # USD [[United States dollar]] # USN United States dollar (Next day) (Funds code) # USS United States dollar (Same day) (Funds code) (one source claims it is no longer used, but it is still on the ISO 4217-MA list) # UYU [[Uruguay]]an [[peso]] # UZS [[Uzbekistan]]i [[Uzbekistani Som|som]] # VEB [[Venezuela]]n [[Venezuelan Bolivar|bolívar]] # VND [[Viet Nam]] [[Dong (currency)|dong]] # VUV [[Vanuatu]] [[vatu]] # WST Samoa Tala # XAF [[CFAF|CFA franc]] BEAC # XAG [[Silver]] [[Troy ounce|ounce]] # XAU [[Gold]] [[Troy ounce|ounce]] # XBA [[European Composite Unit]] (EURCO) (Bonds market unit) # XBB [[European Monetary Unit]] (E.M.U.-6) (Bonds market unit) # XBC [[European Unit of Account 9]] (E.U.A.-9) (Bonds market unit) # XBD [[European Unit of Account 17]] (E.U.A.-17) (Bonds market unit) # XCD [[East Caribbean dollar]] # XDR [[Special Drawing Rights]] ([[International Monetary Fund|IMF]]) # XFO [[Gold-franc]] (Special settlement currency) # XFU [[UIC franc]] (Special settlement currency) # XOF [[CFAF|CFA franc]] BCEAO # XPD [[Palladium]] [[Troy ounce|ounce]] # XPF [[CFP franc]] # XPT [[Platinum]] [[Troy ounce|ounce]] # XTS Code reserved for testing purposes # XXX No currency # YER [[Yemen]]i [[rial]] # ZAR [[South Africa]]n [[Rand (currency)|rand]] # ZMK [[Zambia]]n [[kwacha]] # ZWD [[Zimbabwe dollar]] == Obsolete currency codes == ===Replaced by Euro=== # ADP [[Andorran Peseta]] # ATS Austrian Schilling # BEF Belgian Franc # DEM [[Deutsche Mark]] # ESP Spanish [[Peseta]] # FIM Finnish [[Markka]] # FRF French [[Franc]] # GRD Greek [[Drachma]] # IEP [[Irish Pound]] # ITL [[Italian Lira]] # LUF [[Luxembourg Franc]] # NLG Netherlands [[Guilder]] # PTE [[Portugal|Portuguese]] [[Escudo]] In addition, the currency code '''XEU''' has been replaced by '''EUR'''. ===Replaced for other reasons=== # AFA [[Afghani]] (replaced by AFN) # ALK Albanian old lek (replaced by ALL) # AON Angolan New Kwanza (replaced by AOA) # AOR Angolan Kwanza Readjustado (replaced by AOA) # ARP Peso Argentino (replaced by ARS) # ARY Argentine peso (replaced by ARS) # BEC [[Belgian Franc]] (convertible) # BGJ Bulgarian lev A/52 (replaced by BGN) # BGK Bulgarian lev A/62 (replaced by BGN) # BGL Bulgarian lev A/99 (replaced by BGN) # BOP Bolivian peso (replaced by BOB) # BRB Brazilian cruzeiro (replaced by BRL) # BRC Brazilian cruzado (replaced by BRL) # CNX Chinese People's Bank dollar (replaced by CNY) # CSJ [[Czechoslovakia|Czechoslovak]] koruna A/53 # CSK [[Czechoslovakia|Czechoslovak]] koruna (replaced by CZK and SKK) # DDM mark der DDR (East Germany) (replaced by DEM) # ECS Ecuador [[Sucre (currency)|sucre]] (replaced by USD) # ECV Ecuador [[Unidad de Valor Constante]] (Funds code) (discontinued) # EQE Equatorial Guinean ekwele (replaced by XAF) # ESA Spanish peseta (account A) # ESB Spanish peseta (account B) # GNE Guinean syli (replaced by XOF) # GWP Guinea peso (replaced by XOF) # ILP Israeli pound (replaced by ILS) # ILR Israeli old shekel (replaced by ILS) # ISJ Icelandic old krona (replaced by ISK) # LAJ Lao kip - Pot Pol (replaced by LAK) # MAF Mali franc (replaced by XOF) # MGF [[Madagascar|Malagasy]] [[franc]] (replaced by MGA) # MKN Macedonian denar A/93 (replaced by MKD) # MVQ Maldive rupee (replaced by MVR) # MXP Mexican peso (replaced by MXN) # PEH Peruvian sol (replaced by PEN) # PLZ Polish złoty A/94 (replaced by PLN) # ROK Romanian leu A/52 (replaced by RON) # ROL [[Romania]]n [[Romanian leu|leu]] A/05 (replaced by RON) # RUR Russian ruble (replaced by RUB) # SRG Suriname guilder (replaced by SRD) # SUR Soviet Union ruble (replaced by RUB) # TPE Timor escudo # TRL [[Lira|Turkish lira]] A/05 (replaced by TRY) # UGW Ugandan old shilling (replaced by UGX) # UYN Uruguay old peso (replaced by UYU) # VNC Vietnamese old dong (replaced by VND) # YDD South Yemeni dinar (replaced by YER) # YUD New Yugoslavian Dinar (replaced by CSD) # YUM Yugoslavian Dinar (replaced by CSD) # ZAL South African [[financial rand]] (Funds code) (discontinued) # ZRN New Zaire (replaced by CDF) # ZRZ Zaire (replaced by CDF) # ZWC Zimbabwe Rhodesian dollar (replaced by ZWD) == See also == *[[Currency]] (with a list by name) *[[Table of historical exchange rates]] *[[List of international trade topics]] *[[Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication|SWIFT]] and [[List of SWIFT codes]] == External links == * [http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/popstds/currencycodeslist.html The official list of ISO-4217 alphabetic and numeric codes] *[http://www.unece.org/cefact/recommendations/rec09/rec09_ecetrd203.pdf An older list of ISO-4217 alphabetic codes that contains some history of ISO-4217] ([[PDF]] file) *[http://fx.sauder.ubc.ca/currency_table.html Another list of numeric and alphabetic ISO 4217 currency codes] <!-- *[http://www.bsi-global.com/Portfolio+of+Products+and+Services/Books+Guides/Consumer/th42090.xalter] &ndash; ISO 4217 Maintenance Authority at the British Standards Institute &ndash; includes list of currency codes (not up-to-date). *[http://www.unece.org/cefact/rec/cocucod.htm] &ndash; [[United Nations Economic Commission for Europe]] (UNECE) &ndash; Country and Currency Codes [http://www.unece.org/cefact/rec/cocucod.htm] (up-to-date): * Currency conversion: **http://www.xe.com/ucc/ **http://www.oanda.com/convert/classic *[http://www.fx4business.com/services/EasyReference.html Travelex Country and Currency Guide] --> [[Category:Currency]] [[Category:Encodings]] [[Category:International economics]] [[Category:International trade]] --> [[ast: ISO 4217]] [[ca:ISO 4217]] [[cs:Seznam m&#283;n]] [[cy:ISO 4217]] [[de:ISO 4217]] [[es:ISO 4217]] [[eo:ISO 4217]] [[fr:ISO 4217]] [[ko:ISO 4217]] [[id:ISO 4217]] [[it:ISO 4217]] [[nl:ISO 4217]] [[ja:ISO 4217]] [[pl:ISO 4217]] [[ru:ISO 4217]] [[sl:ISO 4217]] [[fi:ISO 4217]] [[th:ISO 4217]] [[zh:ISO 4217]] 7872 2006-03-27T03:48:58Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: bg, cv, da, en, eu, he, hu, is, nn, no, pt {{lingála tɛ́}} TODO: TRANSLATE / A FAIRE: TRADUIRE <!-- '''ISO 4217''' is an [[international standard]] describing three letter codes to define the names of [[currency|currencies]] established by the [[International Organization for Standardization]] (ISO). The first two letters of the code are the two letters of [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2]] [[country codes]] (which are similar to those used for [[Country code top-level domain|national top-level domains]] on the internet) and the third is usually the initial of the currency itself. So [[Japan]]'s currency code becomes JPY&mdash;JP for Japan and Y for [[yen]]. This eliminates the problem caused by the names [[Dollar|dollar]], [[Franc|franc]] and [[Pound (currency)|pound]] being used in dozens of different countries, all with wildly differing values. The standard also defines the relationship between the major currency unit and any minor currency unit. Often, the minor currency unit has a value that is 1/100 of the major unit, but 1/10 or 1/1000 are also common. Some currencies do not have any minor currency unit at all. [[Mauritania]] does not use a decimal division of units, setting 1 [[ouguiya]] (UM) = 5 [[khoums]], and [[Madagascar]] has 1 [[ariary]] = 5 [[iraimbilanja]]. ISO 4217 includes codes for not only currencies, but also codes for precious metals ([[gold]], [[silver]], [[palladium]] and [[platinum]]; normally measured in [[troy ounce]]s) and certain other entities used in international finance, e.g. [[Special Drawing Rights]]. There are also special codes allocated for testing purposes (XTS), and to indicate no currency transactions (XXX). These codes all begin with the letter "X". ISO 3166 never assigns country codes beginning with "X", so ISO 4217 can use "X" codes for non-country-specific currencies without risk of clashing with future country codes. Supranational currencies, such as the [[East Caribbean dollar]], the [[CFP franc]], the [[CFAF|CFA franc]] BEAC and the CFA franc BCEAO are normally also represented by codes beginning with an "X". However, the [[Euro]] is represented by the code EUR; although EU is not an [[ISO 3166-1]] country code, it was used anyway, and in order to do so EU was added to the [[ISO 3166-1]] reserved codes list to represent the [[European Union]]. The predecessor to the Euro, the [[European Currency Unit]], had the code XEU. == History == In 1973, the ISO Technical Committee 68 decided to develop codes for the representation of currencies and funds for use in any application of trade, commerce or banking. At the 17th session (February 1978) of the related [[UN]]/[[United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Europe|ECE]] Group of Experts agreed that the three letter alphabetic codes for International Standard ISO 4217, "Codes for the representation of currencies and funds", would be suitable for use in international trade. Over time, new currencies are created and old currencies are discontinued. Frequently, these changes are due to new governments (through war or a new constitution), treaties between countries standardizing on a currency, or revaluation of the currency due to excessive inflation. As a result, the list of codes must be updated from time to time. The ISO 4217 maintenance agency (MA), the [[British Standards Institution]], is responsible for maintaining the list of codes. == Active codes == # AED [[United Arab Emirates]] [[UAE dirham|dirham]] # AFN [[Afghanistan|Afghan]] [[afghani]] # ALL [[Albania]]n [[Lek (currency)|lek]] # AMD [[Armenia]]n [[Dram (currency)|dram]] # ANG [[Netherlands Antilles|Netherlands Antillian]] [[guilder]] # AOA [[Angola]]n [[kwanza]] # ARS [[Argentine peso]] # AUD [[Australian dollar]] # AWG [[Aruba]]n [[guilder]] # AZM [[Azerbaijan]]i [[manat]] # BAM [[Bosnia-Herzegovina]] [[Convertible Mark|convertible mark]] # BBD [[Barbadian dollar]] # BDT [[Bangladesh]]i [[taka]] # BGN [[Bulgaria]]n [[lev]] (since [[1999]]-[[07-05]]) # BHD [[Bahraini dinar]] # BIF [[Burundi]] [[Burundi franc|franc]] # BMD [[Bermuda dollar]] # BND [[Brunei dollar]] # BOB [[Bolivia]]n [[boliviano]] # BOV Bolivian Mvdol (Funds code) # BRL [[Brazil]]ian [[Real (currency)|real]] # BSD [[Bahamian dollar]] # BTN [[Bhutan]] [[ngultrum]] # BWP [[Botswana]] [[Pula (currency)|pula]] # BYR [[Belarusian ruble]] # BZD [[Belize dollar]] # CAD [[Canadian dollar]] # CDF [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congolese]] [[franc]] # CHF [[Swiss franc]] # CLF Chilean Unidades de fomento (Funds code) # CLP [[Chilean peso]] # CNY [[Yuan]] [[renminbi]] (PR China) # COP [[Colombian peso]] # COU Colombian unidad de valor real (added to the COP) # CRC [[Costa Rica]]n [[Colón (currency)|colón]] # CSD [[Serbian dinar]] # CUC [[Cuban convertible peso]] (replaced USD as additional national currency in [[November 2004]]) # CUP [[Cuban peso]] (still in use) # CVE [[Cape Verde]] [[escudo]] # CYP [[Cyprus Pound|Cyprus pound]] # CZK [[Czech Republic|Czech]] [[koruna]] # DJF [[Djibouti]] [[franc]] # DKK [[Danish krone]] # DOP [[Dominican peso]] # DZD [[Algerian dinar]] # EEK [[Estonia]]n [[kroon]] # EGP [[Egyptian pound]] # ERN [[Eritrean|Eritrea]] [[nakfa]] # ETB [[Ethiopia]]n [[Birr (currency)|birr]] # EUR [[European Union euro]] # FJD [[Fijian dollar]] # FKP [[Falkland Islands]] [[Pound (currency)|pound]] # GBP [[United Kingdom|Great British]] [[Pound sterling|Pound]] # GEL [[Georgian lari]] # GHC [[Ghana]] [[cedi]] # GIP [[Gibraltar pound]] # GMD [[Gambia]]n [[dalasi]] # GNF [[Guinea]] [[franc]] # GTQ [[Guatemala]]n [[Quetzal (currency)|quetzal]] # GYD [[Guyanese dollar]] # HKD [[Hong Kong dollar]] # HNL [[Honduras|Honduran]] [[lempira]] # HRK [[Croatia]]n [[Kuna (currency)|kuna]] # HTG [[Haiti]]an [[gourde]] # HUF [[Hungary|Hungarian]] [[forint]] # IDR [[Indonesian rupiah]] # ILS [[New Israeli shekel]] # INR [[Indian rupee]] # IQD [[Iraqi dinar]] # IRR [[Iranian Rial]] # ISK [[Icelandic Króna|Icelandic króna]] # JMD [[Jamaican dollar]] # JOD [[Jordanian dinar]] # JPY [[Japan]]ese [[yen]] # KES [[Kenyan shilling]] # KGS [[Kyrgyzstan]] [[som]] # KHR [[Cambodia]]n [[riel]] # KMF [[Comorian franc]] # KPW [[North Korea]]n [[won]] # KRW [[South Korea]]n [[won]] # KWD [[Kuwaiti dinar]] # KYD [[Cayman Dollar|Cayman Islands dollar]] # KZT [[Kazakhstan]] [[tenge]] # LAK [[Laos|Lao]] [[kip (currency)|kip]] # LBP [[Lebanese pound]] # LKR [[Sri Lanka]]n [[rupee]] # LRD [[Liberian dollar]] # LSL [[Lesotho]] [[loti]] # LTL [[Lithuania]]n [[litas]] # LVL [[Latvia]]n [[lat]] # LYD [[Libyan dinar]] # MAD [[Morocco|Moroccan]] [[dirham]] # MDL [[Moldovan leu]] # MGA [[Madagascar|Malagasy]] [[ariary]] # MKD [[Macedonian Denar|Macedonian denar]] # MMK [[Myanmar]] [[kyat]] # MNT [[Mongolia]]n [[tugrik]] # MOP [[Macau]] [[pataca]] # MRO [[Mauritania]]n [[ouguiya]] # MTL [[Malta|Maltese]] [[lira]] # MUR [[Mauritius]] [[Mauritian Rupee|rupee]] # MVR [[Maldives]] [[rufiyaa]] # MWK [[Malawi]] [[kwacha]] # MXN [[Mexican peso]] # MXV Mexican Unidad de Inversión (UDI) (Funds code) # MYR [[Malaysia]]n [[Malaysian ringgit|ringgit]] # MZM [[Mozambique]] [[Mozambique Metical|metical]] # NAD [[Namibian dollar]] # NGN [[Nigeria]]n [[naira]] # NIO [[Nicaragua]]n [[Córdoba (currency)|córdoba]] # NOK [[Norwegian krone]] # NPR [[Nepalese Rupee|Nepalese rupee]] # NZD [[New Zealand dollar]] # OMR [[Oman]]i [[rial]] # PAB [[Panama]]nian [[Balboa (currency)|balboa]] # PEN [[Peru]]vian [[Sol (currency)|nuevo sol]] # PGK [[Papua New Guinea]] [[kina]] # PHP [[Philippine peso]] # PKR [[Pakistani Rupee|Pakistani rupee]] # PLN [[Poland|Polish]] [[złoty]] # PYG [[Paraguay]]an [[Guaraní (currency)|guaraní]] # QAR [[Qatar]]i [[rial]] # RON [[Romania]]n [[Romanian leu|leu]] # RUB [[Russia]]n [[ruble]] # RWF [[Rwanda]]n [[franc]] # SAR [[Saudi Arabia]]n [[riyal]] # SBD [[Solomon Islands]] [[Solomon Islands dollar|dollar]] # SCR [[Seychelles rupee]] # SDD [[Sudan]]ese [[dinar]] # SEK [[Sweden|Swedish]] [[krona]] # SGD [[Singapore dollar]] # SHP [[Saint Helena]] [[Saint Helenian pound|pound]] # SIT [[Slovenia|Slovene]] [[tolar]] # SKK [[Slovakia|Slovak]] [[koruna]] # SLL [[Sierra Leone]]an [[leone]] # SOS [[Somalia|Somali]] [[shilling]] # SRD [[Suriname dollar]] (since [[2004]]-[[01-01]]) # STD [[São Tomé and Príncipe]] [[dobra]] # SVC [[El Salvador|Salvadoran]] [[Colón (currency)|colón]] # SYP [[Syrian pound]] # SZL [[Swaziland]] [[lilangeni]] # THB [[Thai]] [[baht]] # TJS [[Tajikistan]]i [[Tajikistani Somoni|somoni]] # TMM [[Turkmenistan|Turkmen]] [[Manat (Turkmenistan)|manat]] # TND [[Tunisia]]n [[dinar]] # TOP [[Tonga]]n [[Pa'anga]] # TRY [[New Turkish Lira|New Turkish lira]] # TTD [[Trinidad and Tobago]] [[dollar]] # TWD [[New Taiwan dollar]] # TZS [[Tanzania]]n [[shilling]] # UAH [[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] [[hryvnia]] # UGX [[Uganda]]n [[shilling]] # USD [[United States dollar]] # USN United States dollar (Next day) (Funds code) # USS United States dollar (Same day) (Funds code) (one source claims it is no longer used, but it is still on the ISO 4217-MA list) # UYU [[Uruguay]]an [[peso]] # UZS [[Uzbekistan]]i [[Uzbekistani Som|som]] # VEB [[Venezuela]]n [[Venezuelan Bolivar|bolívar]] # VND [[Viet Nam]] [[Dong (currency)|dong]] # VUV [[Vanuatu]] [[vatu]] # WST Samoa Tala # XAF [[CFAF|CFA franc]] BEAC # XAG [[Silver]] [[Troy ounce|ounce]] # XAU [[Gold]] [[Troy ounce|ounce]] # XBA [[European Composite Unit]] (EURCO) (Bonds market unit) # XBB [[European Monetary Unit]] (E.M.U.-6) (Bonds market unit) # XBC [[European Unit of Account 9]] (E.U.A.-9) (Bonds market unit) # XBD [[European Unit of Account 17]] (E.U.A.-17) (Bonds market unit) # XCD [[East Caribbean dollar]] # XDR [[Special Drawing Rights]] ([[International Monetary Fund|IMF]]) # XFO [[Gold-franc]] (Special settlement currency) # XFU [[UIC franc]] (Special settlement currency) # XOF [[CFAF|CFA franc]] BCEAO # XPD [[Palladium]] [[Troy ounce|ounce]] # XPF [[CFP franc]] # XPT [[Platinum]] [[Troy ounce|ounce]] # XTS Code reserved for testing purposes # XXX No currency # YER [[Yemen]]i [[rial]] # ZAR [[South Africa]]n [[Rand (currency)|rand]] # ZMK [[Zambia]]n [[kwacha]] # ZWD [[Zimbabwe dollar]] == Obsolete currency codes == ===Replaced by Euro=== # ADP [[Andorran Peseta]] # ATS Austrian Schilling # BEF Belgian Franc # DEM [[Deutsche Mark]] # ESP Spanish [[Peseta]] # FIM Finnish [[Markka]] # FRF French [[Franc]] # GRD Greek [[Drachma]] # IEP [[Irish Pound]] # ITL [[Italian Lira]] # LUF [[Luxembourg Franc]] # NLG Netherlands [[Guilder]] # PTE [[Portugal|Portuguese]] [[Escudo]] In addition, the currency code '''XEU''' has been replaced by '''EUR'''. ===Replaced for other reasons=== # AFA [[Afghani]] (replaced by AFN) # ALK Albanian old lek (replaced by ALL) # AON Angolan New Kwanza (replaced by AOA) # AOR Angolan Kwanza Readjustado (replaced by AOA) # ARP Peso Argentino (replaced by ARS) # ARY Argentine peso (replaced by ARS) # BEC [[Belgian Franc]] (convertible) # BGJ Bulgarian lev A/52 (replaced by BGN) # BGK Bulgarian lev A/62 (replaced by BGN) # BGL Bulgarian lev A/99 (replaced by BGN) # BOP Bolivian peso (replaced by BOB) # BRB Brazilian cruzeiro (replaced by BRL) # BRC Brazilian cruzado (replaced by BRL) # CNX Chinese People's Bank dollar (replaced by CNY) # CSJ [[Czechoslovakia|Czechoslovak]] koruna A/53 # CSK [[Czechoslovakia|Czechoslovak]] koruna (replaced by CZK and SKK) # DDM mark der DDR (East Germany) (replaced by DEM) # ECS Ecuador [[Sucre (currency)|sucre]] (replaced by USD) # ECV Ecuador [[Unidad de Valor Constante]] (Funds code) (discontinued) # EQE Equatorial Guinean ekwele (replaced by XAF) # ESA Spanish peseta (account A) # ESB Spanish peseta (account B) # GNE Guinean syli (replaced by XOF) # GWP Guinea peso (replaced by XOF) # ILP Israeli pound (replaced by ILS) # ILR Israeli old shekel (replaced by ILS) # ISJ Icelandic old krona (replaced by ISK) # LAJ Lao kip - Pot Pol (replaced by LAK) # MAF Mali franc (replaced by XOF) # MGF [[Madagascar|Malagasy]] [[franc]] (replaced by MGA) # MKN Macedonian denar A/93 (replaced by MKD) # MVQ Maldive rupee (replaced by MVR) # MXP Mexican peso (replaced by MXN) # PEH Peruvian sol (replaced by PEN) # PLZ Polish złoty A/94 (replaced by PLN) # ROK Romanian leu A/52 (replaced by RON) # ROL [[Romania]]n [[Romanian leu|leu]] A/05 (replaced by RON) # RUR Russian ruble (replaced by RUB) # SRG Suriname guilder (replaced by SRD) # SUR Soviet Union ruble (replaced by RUB) # TPE Timor escudo # TRL [[Lira|Turkish lira]] A/05 (replaced by TRY) # UGW Ugandan old shilling (replaced by UGX) # UYN Uruguay old peso (replaced by UYU) # VNC Vietnamese old dong (replaced by VND) # YDD South Yemeni dinar (replaced by YER) # YUD New Yugoslavian Dinar (replaced by CSD) # YUM Yugoslavian Dinar (replaced by CSD) # ZAL South African [[financial rand]] (Funds code) (discontinued) # ZRN New Zaire (replaced by CDF) # ZRZ Zaire (replaced by CDF) # ZWC Zimbabwe Rhodesian dollar (replaced by ZWD) == See also == *[[Currency]] (with a list by name) *[[Table of historical exchange rates]] *[[List of international trade topics]] *[[Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication|SWIFT]] and [[List of SWIFT codes]] == External links == * [http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/popstds/currencycodeslist.html The official list of ISO-4217 alphabetic and numeric codes] *[http://www.unece.org/cefact/recommendations/rec09/rec09_ecetrd203.pdf An older list of ISO-4217 alphabetic codes that contains some history of ISO-4217] ([[PDF]] file) *[http://fx.sauder.ubc.ca/currency_table.html Another list of numeric and alphabetic ISO 4217 currency codes] <!-- *[http://www.bsi-global.com/Portfolio+of+Products+and+Services/Books+Guides/Consumer/th42090.xalter] &ndash; ISO 4217 Maintenance Authority at the British Standards Institute &ndash; includes list of currency codes (not up-to-date). *[http://www.unece.org/cefact/rec/cocucod.htm] &ndash; [[United Nations Economic Commission for Europe]] (UNECE) &ndash; Country and Currency Codes [http://www.unece.org/cefact/rec/cocucod.htm] (up-to-date): * Currency conversion: **http://www.xe.com/ucc/ **http://www.oanda.com/convert/classic *[http://www.fx4business.com/services/EasyReference.html Travelex Country and Currency Guide] --> [[Category:Currency]] [[Category:Encodings]] [[Category:International economics]] [[Category:International trade]] --> [[ast:ISO 4217]] [[bg:ISO 4217]] [[ca:ISO 4217]] [[cs:Seznam měn]] [[cv:ISO 4217]] [[cy:ISO 4217]] [[da:ISO 4217]] [[de:ISO 4217]] [[en:ISO 4217]] [[eo:ISO 4217]] [[es:ISO 4217]] [[eu:ISO 4217]] [[fi:ISO 4217]] [[fr:ISO 4217]] [[he:ISO 4217]] [[hu:ISO 4217]] [[id:ISO 4217]] [[is:ISO 4217]] [[it:ISO 4217]] [[ja:ISO 4217]] [[ko:ISO 4217]] [[nl:ISO 4217]] [[nn:ISO 4217]] [[no:ISO 4217]] [[pl:ISO 4217]] [[pt:ISO 4217]] [[ru:ISO 4217]] [[sl:ISO 4217]] [[th:ISO 4217]] [[zh:ISO 4217]] 9005 2006-08-02T05:36:09Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: [[el:ISO 4217]] {{lingála tɛ́}} TODO: TRANSLATE / A FAIRE: TRADUIRE <!-- '''ISO 4217''' is an [[international standard]] describing three letter codes to define the names of [[currency|currencies]] established by the [[International Organization for Standardization]] (ISO). The first two letters of the code are the two letters of [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2]] [[country codes]] (which are similar to those used for [[Country code top-level domain|national top-level domains]] on the internet) and the third is usually the initial of the currency itself. So [[Japan]]'s currency code becomes JPY&mdash;JP for Japan and Y for [[yen]]. This eliminates the problem caused by the names [[Dollar|dollar]], [[Franc|franc]] and [[Pound (currency)|pound]] being used in dozens of different countries, all with wildly differing values. The standard also defines the relationship between the major currency unit and any minor currency unit. Often, the minor currency unit has a value that is 1/100 of the major unit, but 1/10 or 1/1000 are also common. Some currencies do not have any minor currency unit at all. [[Mauritania]] does not use a decimal division of units, setting 1 [[ouguiya]] (UM) = 5 [[khoums]], and [[Madagascar]] has 1 [[ariary]] = 5 [[iraimbilanja]]. ISO 4217 includes codes for not only currencies, but also codes for precious metals ([[gold]], [[silver]], [[palladium]] and [[platinum]]; normally measured in [[troy ounce]]s) and certain other entities used in international finance, e.g. [[Special Drawing Rights]]. There are also special codes allocated for testing purposes (XTS), and to indicate no currency transactions (XXX). These codes all begin with the letter "X". ISO 3166 never assigns country codes beginning with "X", so ISO 4217 can use "X" codes for non-country-specific currencies without risk of clashing with future country codes. Supranational currencies, such as the [[East Caribbean dollar]], the [[CFP franc]], the [[CFAF|CFA franc]] BEAC and the CFA franc BCEAO are normally also represented by codes beginning with an "X". However, the [[Euro]] is represented by the code EUR; although EU is not an [[ISO 3166-1]] country code, it was used anyway, and in order to do so EU was added to the [[ISO 3166-1]] reserved codes list to represent the [[European Union]]. The predecessor to the Euro, the [[European Currency Unit]], had the code XEU. == History == In 1973, the ISO Technical Committee 68 decided to develop codes for the representation of currencies and funds for use in any application of trade, commerce or banking. At the 17th session (February 1978) of the related [[UN]]/[[United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Europe|ECE]] Group of Experts agreed that the three letter alphabetic codes for International Standard ISO 4217, "Codes for the representation of currencies and funds", would be suitable for use in international trade. Over time, new currencies are created and old currencies are discontinued. Frequently, these changes are due to new governments (through war or a new constitution), treaties between countries standardizing on a currency, or revaluation of the currency due to excessive inflation. As a result, the list of codes must be updated from time to time. The ISO 4217 maintenance agency (MA), the [[British Standards Institution]], is responsible for maintaining the list of codes. == Active codes == # AED [[United Arab Emirates]] [[UAE dirham|dirham]] # AFN [[Afghanistan|Afghan]] [[afghani]] # ALL [[Albania]]n [[Lek (currency)|lek]] # AMD [[Armenia]]n [[Dram (currency)|dram]] # ANG [[Netherlands Antilles|Netherlands Antillian]] [[guilder]] # AOA [[Angola]]n [[kwanza]] # ARS [[Argentine peso]] # AUD [[Australian dollar]] # AWG [[Aruba]]n [[guilder]] # AZM [[Azerbaijan]]i [[manat]] # BAM [[Bosnia-Herzegovina]] [[Convertible Mark|convertible mark]] # BBD [[Barbadian dollar]] # BDT [[Bangladesh]]i [[taka]] # BGN [[Bulgaria]]n [[lev]] (since [[1999]]-[[07-05]]) # BHD [[Bahraini dinar]] # BIF [[Burundi]] [[Burundi franc|franc]] # BMD [[Bermuda dollar]] # BND [[Brunei dollar]] # BOB [[Bolivia]]n [[boliviano]] # BOV Bolivian Mvdol (Funds code) # BRL [[Brazil]]ian [[Real (currency)|real]] # BSD [[Bahamian dollar]] # BTN [[Bhutan]] [[ngultrum]] # BWP [[Botswana]] [[Pula (currency)|pula]] # BYR [[Belarusian ruble]] # BZD [[Belize dollar]] # CAD [[Canadian dollar]] # CDF [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congolese]] [[franc]] # CHF [[Swiss franc]] # CLF Chilean Unidades de fomento (Funds code) # CLP [[Chilean peso]] # CNY [[Yuan]] [[renminbi]] (PR China) # COP [[Colombian peso]] # COU Colombian unidad de valor real (added to the COP) # CRC [[Costa Rica]]n [[Colón (currency)|colón]] # CSD [[Serbian dinar]] # CUC [[Cuban convertible peso]] (replaced USD as additional national currency in [[November 2004]]) # CUP [[Cuban peso]] (still in use) # CVE [[Cape Verde]] [[escudo]] # CYP [[Cyprus Pound|Cyprus pound]] # CZK [[Czech Republic|Czech]] [[koruna]] # DJF [[Djibouti]] [[franc]] # DKK [[Danish krone]] # DOP [[Dominican peso]] # DZD [[Algerian dinar]] # EEK [[Estonia]]n [[kroon]] # EGP [[Egyptian pound]] # ERN [[Eritrean|Eritrea]] [[nakfa]] # ETB [[Ethiopia]]n [[Birr (currency)|birr]] # EUR [[European Union euro]] # FJD [[Fijian dollar]] # FKP [[Falkland Islands]] [[Pound (currency)|pound]] # GBP [[United Kingdom|Great British]] [[Pound sterling|Pound]] # GEL [[Georgian lari]] # GHC [[Ghana]] [[cedi]] # GIP [[Gibraltar pound]] # GMD [[Gambia]]n [[dalasi]] # GNF [[Guinea]] [[franc]] # GTQ [[Guatemala]]n [[Quetzal (currency)|quetzal]] # GYD [[Guyanese dollar]] # HKD [[Hong Kong dollar]] # HNL [[Honduras|Honduran]] [[lempira]] # HRK [[Croatia]]n [[Kuna (currency)|kuna]] # HTG [[Haiti]]an [[gourde]] # HUF [[Hungary|Hungarian]] [[forint]] # IDR [[Indonesian rupiah]] # ILS [[New Israeli shekel]] # INR [[Indian rupee]] # IQD [[Iraqi dinar]] # IRR [[Iranian Rial]] # ISK [[Icelandic Króna|Icelandic króna]] # JMD [[Jamaican dollar]] # JOD [[Jordanian dinar]] # JPY [[Japan]]ese [[yen]] # KES [[Kenyan shilling]] # KGS [[Kyrgyzstan]] [[som]] # KHR [[Cambodia]]n [[riel]] # KMF [[Comorian franc]] # KPW [[North Korea]]n [[won]] # KRW [[South Korea]]n [[won]] # KWD [[Kuwaiti dinar]] # KYD [[Cayman Dollar|Cayman Islands dollar]] # KZT [[Kazakhstan]] [[tenge]] # LAK [[Laos|Lao]] [[kip (currency)|kip]] # LBP [[Lebanese pound]] # LKR [[Sri Lanka]]n [[rupee]] # LRD [[Liberian dollar]] # LSL [[Lesotho]] [[loti]] # LTL [[Lithuania]]n [[litas]] # LVL [[Latvia]]n [[lat]] # LYD [[Libyan dinar]] # MAD [[Morocco|Moroccan]] [[dirham]] # MDL [[Moldovan leu]] # MGA [[Madagascar|Malagasy]] [[ariary]] # MKD [[Macedonian Denar|Macedonian denar]] # MMK [[Myanmar]] [[kyat]] # MNT [[Mongolia]]n [[tugrik]] # MOP [[Macau]] [[pataca]] # MRO [[Mauritania]]n [[ouguiya]] # MTL [[Malta|Maltese]] [[lira]] # MUR [[Mauritius]] [[Mauritian Rupee|rupee]] # MVR [[Maldives]] [[rufiyaa]] # MWK [[Malawi]] [[kwacha]] # MXN [[Mexican peso]] # MXV Mexican Unidad de Inversión (UDI) (Funds code) # MYR [[Malaysia]]n [[Malaysian ringgit|ringgit]] # MZM [[Mozambique]] [[Mozambique Metical|metical]] # NAD [[Namibian dollar]] # NGN [[Nigeria]]n [[naira]] # NIO [[Nicaragua]]n [[Córdoba (currency)|córdoba]] # NOK [[Norwegian krone]] # NPR [[Nepalese Rupee|Nepalese rupee]] # NZD [[New Zealand dollar]] # OMR [[Oman]]i [[rial]] # PAB [[Panama]]nian [[Balboa (currency)|balboa]] # PEN [[Peru]]vian [[Sol (currency)|nuevo sol]] # PGK [[Papua New Guinea]] [[kina]] # PHP [[Philippine peso]] # PKR [[Pakistani Rupee|Pakistani rupee]] # PLN [[Poland|Polish]] [[złoty]] # PYG [[Paraguay]]an [[Guaraní (currency)|guaraní]] # QAR [[Qatar]]i [[rial]] # RON [[Romania]]n [[Romanian leu|leu]] # RUB [[Russia]]n [[ruble]] # RWF [[Rwanda]]n [[franc]] # SAR [[Saudi Arabia]]n [[riyal]] # SBD [[Solomon Islands]] [[Solomon Islands dollar|dollar]] # SCR [[Seychelles rupee]] # SDD [[Sudan]]ese [[dinar]] # SEK [[Sweden|Swedish]] [[krona]] # SGD [[Singapore dollar]] # SHP [[Saint Helena]] [[Saint Helenian pound|pound]] # SIT [[Slovenia|Slovene]] [[tolar]] # SKK [[Slovakia|Slovak]] [[koruna]] # SLL [[Sierra Leone]]an [[leone]] # SOS [[Somalia|Somali]] [[shilling]] # SRD [[Suriname dollar]] (since [[2004]]-[[01-01]]) # STD [[São Tomé and Príncipe]] [[dobra]] # SVC [[El Salvador|Salvadoran]] [[Colón (currency)|colón]] # SYP [[Syrian pound]] # SZL [[Swaziland]] [[lilangeni]] # THB [[Thai]] [[baht]] # TJS [[Tajikistan]]i [[Tajikistani Somoni|somoni]] # TMM [[Turkmenistan|Turkmen]] [[Manat (Turkmenistan)|manat]] # TND [[Tunisia]]n [[dinar]] # TOP [[Tonga]]n [[Pa'anga]] # TRY [[New Turkish Lira|New Turkish lira]] # TTD [[Trinidad and Tobago]] [[dollar]] # TWD [[New Taiwan dollar]] # TZS [[Tanzania]]n [[shilling]] # UAH [[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] [[hryvnia]] # UGX [[Uganda]]n [[shilling]] # USD [[United States dollar]] # USN United States dollar (Next day) (Funds code) # USS United States dollar (Same day) (Funds code) (one source claims it is no longer used, but it is still on the ISO 4217-MA list) # UYU [[Uruguay]]an [[peso]] # UZS [[Uzbekistan]]i [[Uzbekistani Som|som]] # VEB [[Venezuela]]n [[Venezuelan Bolivar|bolívar]] # VND [[Viet Nam]] [[Dong (currency)|dong]] # VUV [[Vanuatu]] [[vatu]] # WST Samoa Tala # XAF [[CFAF|CFA franc]] BEAC # XAG [[Silver]] [[Troy ounce|ounce]] # XAU [[Gold]] [[Troy ounce|ounce]] # XBA [[European Composite Unit]] (EURCO) (Bonds market unit) # XBB [[European Monetary Unit]] (E.M.U.-6) (Bonds market unit) # XBC [[European Unit of Account 9]] (E.U.A.-9) (Bonds market unit) # XBD [[European Unit of Account 17]] (E.U.A.-17) (Bonds market unit) # XCD [[East Caribbean dollar]] # XDR [[Special Drawing Rights]] ([[International Monetary Fund|IMF]]) # XFO [[Gold-franc]] (Special settlement currency) # XFU [[UIC franc]] (Special settlement currency) # XOF [[CFAF|CFA franc]] BCEAO # XPD [[Palladium]] [[Troy ounce|ounce]] # XPF [[CFP franc]] # XPT [[Platinum]] [[Troy ounce|ounce]] # XTS Code reserved for testing purposes # XXX No currency # YER [[Yemen]]i [[rial]] # ZAR [[South Africa]]n [[Rand (currency)|rand]] # ZMK [[Zambia]]n [[kwacha]] # ZWD [[Zimbabwe dollar]] == Obsolete currency codes == ===Replaced by Euro=== # ADP [[Andorran Peseta]] # ATS Austrian Schilling # BEF Belgian Franc # DEM [[Deutsche Mark]] # ESP Spanish [[Peseta]] # FIM Finnish [[Markka]] # FRF French [[Franc]] # GRD Greek [[Drachma]] # IEP [[Irish Pound]] # ITL [[Italian Lira]] # LUF [[Luxembourg Franc]] # NLG Netherlands [[Guilder]] # PTE [[Portugal|Portuguese]] [[Escudo]] In addition, the currency code '''XEU''' has been replaced by '''EUR'''. ===Replaced for other reasons=== # AFA [[Afghani]] (replaced by AFN) # ALK Albanian old lek (replaced by ALL) # AON Angolan New Kwanza (replaced by AOA) # AOR Angolan Kwanza Readjustado (replaced by AOA) # ARP Peso Argentino (replaced by ARS) # ARY Argentine peso (replaced by ARS) # BEC [[Belgian Franc]] (convertible) # BGJ Bulgarian lev A/52 (replaced by BGN) # BGK Bulgarian lev A/62 (replaced by BGN) # BGL Bulgarian lev A/99 (replaced by BGN) # BOP Bolivian peso (replaced by BOB) # BRB Brazilian cruzeiro (replaced by BRL) # BRC Brazilian cruzado (replaced by BRL) # CNX Chinese People's Bank dollar (replaced by CNY) # CSJ [[Czechoslovakia|Czechoslovak]] koruna A/53 # CSK [[Czechoslovakia|Czechoslovak]] koruna (replaced by CZK and SKK) # DDM mark der DDR (East Germany) (replaced by DEM) # ECS Ecuador [[Sucre (currency)|sucre]] (replaced by USD) # ECV Ecuador [[Unidad de Valor Constante]] (Funds code) (discontinued) # EQE Equatorial Guinean ekwele (replaced by XAF) # ESA Spanish peseta (account A) # ESB Spanish peseta (account B) # GNE Guinean syli (replaced by XOF) # GWP Guinea peso (replaced by XOF) # ILP Israeli pound (replaced by ILS) # ILR Israeli old shekel (replaced by ILS) # ISJ Icelandic old krona (replaced by ISK) # LAJ Lao kip - Pot Pol (replaced by LAK) # MAF Mali franc (replaced by XOF) # MGF [[Madagascar|Malagasy]] [[franc]] (replaced by MGA) # MKN Macedonian denar A/93 (replaced by MKD) # MVQ Maldive rupee (replaced by MVR) # MXP Mexican peso (replaced by MXN) # PEH Peruvian sol (replaced by PEN) # PLZ Polish złoty A/94 (replaced by PLN) # ROK Romanian leu A/52 (replaced by RON) # ROL [[Romania]]n [[Romanian leu|leu]] A/05 (replaced by RON) # RUR Russian ruble (replaced by RUB) # SRG Suriname guilder (replaced by SRD) # SUR Soviet Union ruble (replaced by RUB) # TPE Timor escudo # TRL [[Lira|Turkish lira]] A/05 (replaced by TRY) # UGW Ugandan old shilling (replaced by UGX) # UYN Uruguay old peso (replaced by UYU) # VNC Vietnamese old dong (replaced by VND) # YDD South Yemeni dinar (replaced by YER) # YUD New Yugoslavian Dinar (replaced by CSD) # YUM Yugoslavian Dinar (replaced by CSD) # ZAL South African [[financial rand]] (Funds code) (discontinued) # ZRN New Zaire (replaced by CDF) # ZRZ Zaire (replaced by CDF) # ZWC Zimbabwe Rhodesian dollar (replaced by ZWD) == See also == *[[Currency]] (with a list by name) *[[Table of historical exchange rates]] *[[List of international trade topics]] *[[Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication|SWIFT]] and [[List of SWIFT codes]] == External links == * [http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/popstds/currencycodeslist.html The official list of ISO-4217 alphabetic and numeric codes] *[http://www.unece.org/cefact/recommendations/rec09/rec09_ecetrd203.pdf An older list of ISO-4217 alphabetic codes that contains some history of ISO-4217] ([[PDF]] file) *[http://fx.sauder.ubc.ca/currency_table.html Another list of numeric and alphabetic ISO 4217 currency codes] <!-- *[http://www.bsi-global.com/Portfolio+of+Products+and+Services/Books+Guides/Consumer/th42090.xalter] &ndash; ISO 4217 Maintenance Authority at the British Standards Institute &ndash; includes list of currency codes (not up-to-date). *[http://www.unece.org/cefact/rec/cocucod.htm] &ndash; [[United Nations Economic Commission for Europe]] (UNECE) &ndash; Country and Currency Codes [http://www.unece.org/cefact/rec/cocucod.htm] (up-to-date): * Currency conversion: **http://www.xe.com/ucc/ **http://www.oanda.com/convert/classic *[http://www.fx4business.com/services/EasyReference.html Travelex Country and Currency Guide] --> [[Category:Currency]] [[Category:Encodings]] [[Category:International economics]] [[Category:International trade]] --> [[ast:ISO 4217]] [[bg:ISO 4217]] [[ca:ISO 4217]] [[cs:Seznam měn]] [[cv:ISO 4217]] [[cy:ISO 4217]] [[da:ISO 4217]] [[de:ISO 4217]] [[el:ISO 4217]] [[en:ISO 4217]] [[eo:ISO 4217]] [[es:ISO 4217]] [[eu:ISO 4217]] [[fi:ISO 4217]] [[fr:ISO 4217]] [[he:ISO 4217]] [[hu:ISO 4217]] [[id:ISO 4217]] [[is:ISO 4217]] [[it:ISO 4217]] [[ja:ISO 4217]] [[ko:ISO 4217]] [[nl:ISO 4217]] [[nn:ISO 4217]] [[no:ISO 4217]] [[pl:ISO 4217]] [[pt:ISO 4217]] [[ru:ISO 4217]] [[sl:ISO 4217]] [[th:ISO 4217]] [[zh:ISO 4217]] 9870 2006-11-25T17:23:57Z Bombo 12 cat {{lingála tɛ́}} TODO: TRANSLATE / A FAIRE: TRADUIRE <!-- '''ISO 4217''' is an [[international standard]] describing three letter codes to define the names of [[currency|currencies]] established by the [[International Organization for Standardization]] (ISO). The first two letters of the code are the two letters of [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2]] [[country codes]] (which are similar to those used for [[Country code top-level domain|national top-level domains]] on the internet) and the third is usually the initial of the currency itself. So [[Japan]]'s currency code becomes JPY&mdash;JP for Japan and Y for [[yen]]. This eliminates the problem caused by the names [[Dollar|dollar]], [[Franc|franc]] and [[Pound (currency)|pound]] being used in dozens of different countries, all with wildly differing values. The standard also defines the relationship between the major currency unit and any minor currency unit. Often, the minor currency unit has a value that is 1/100 of the major unit, but 1/10 or 1/1000 are also common. Some currencies do not have any minor currency unit at all. [[Mauritania]] does not use a decimal division of units, setting 1 [[ouguiya]] (UM) = 5 [[khoums]], and [[Madagascar]] has 1 [[ariary]] = 5 [[iraimbilanja]]. ISO 4217 includes codes for not only currencies, but also codes for precious metals ([[gold]], [[silver]], [[palladium]] and [[platinum]]; normally measured in [[troy ounce]]s) and certain other entities used in international finance, e.g. [[Special Drawing Rights]]. There are also special codes allocated for testing purposes (XTS), and to indicate no currency transactions (XXX). These codes all begin with the letter "X". ISO 3166 never assigns country codes beginning with "X", so ISO 4217 can use "X" codes for non-country-specific currencies without risk of clashing with future country codes. Supranational currencies, such as the [[East Caribbean dollar]], the [[CFP franc]], the [[CFAF|CFA franc]] BEAC and the CFA franc BCEAO are normally also represented by codes beginning with an "X". However, the [[Euro]] is represented by the code EUR; although EU is not an [[ISO 3166-1]] country code, it was used anyway, and in order to do so EU was added to the [[ISO 3166-1]] reserved codes list to represent the [[European Union]]. The predecessor to the Euro, the [[European Currency Unit]], had the code XEU. == History == In 1973, the ISO Technical Committee 68 decided to develop codes for the representation of currencies and funds for use in any application of trade, commerce or banking. At the 17th session (February 1978) of the related [[UN]]/[[United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Europe|ECE]] Group of Experts agreed that the three letter alphabetic codes for International Standard ISO 4217, "Codes for the representation of currencies and funds", would be suitable for use in international trade. Over time, new currencies are created and old currencies are discontinued. Frequently, these changes are due to new governments (through war or a new constitution), treaties between countries standardizing on a currency, or revaluation of the currency due to excessive inflation. As a result, the list of codes must be updated from time to time. The ISO 4217 maintenance agency (MA), the [[British Standards Institution]], is responsible for maintaining the list of codes. == Active codes == # AED [[United Arab Emirates]] [[UAE dirham|dirham]] # AFN [[Afghanistan|Afghan]] [[afghani]] # ALL [[Albania]]n [[Lek (currency)|lek]] # AMD [[Armenia]]n [[Dram (currency)|dram]] # ANG [[Netherlands Antilles|Netherlands Antillian]] [[guilder]] # AOA [[Angola]]n [[kwanza]] # ARS [[Argentine peso]] # AUD [[Australian dollar]] # AWG [[Aruba]]n [[guilder]] # AZM [[Azerbaijan]]i [[manat]] # BAM [[Bosnia-Herzegovina]] [[Convertible Mark|convertible mark]] # BBD [[Barbadian dollar]] # BDT [[Bangladesh]]i [[taka]] # BGN [[Bulgaria]]n [[lev]] (since [[1999]]-[[07-05]]) # BHD [[Bahraini dinar]] # BIF [[Burundi]] [[Burundi franc|franc]] # BMD [[Bermuda dollar]] # BND [[Brunei dollar]] # BOB [[Bolivia]]n [[boliviano]] # BOV Bolivian Mvdol (Funds code) # BRL [[Brazil]]ian [[Real (currency)|real]] # BSD [[Bahamian dollar]] # BTN [[Bhutan]] [[ngultrum]] # BWP [[Botswana]] [[Pula (currency)|pula]] # BYR [[Belarusian ruble]] # BZD [[Belize dollar]] # CAD [[Canadian dollar]] # CDF [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congolese]] [[franc]] # CHF [[Swiss franc]] # CLF Chilean Unidades de fomento (Funds code) # CLP [[Chilean peso]] # CNY [[Yuan]] [[renminbi]] (PR China) # COP [[Colombian peso]] # COU Colombian unidad de valor real (added to the COP) # CRC [[Costa Rica]]n [[Colón (currency)|colón]] # CSD [[Serbian dinar]] # CUC [[Cuban convertible peso]] (replaced USD as additional national currency in [[November 2004]]) # CUP [[Cuban peso]] (still in use) # CVE [[Cape Verde]] [[escudo]] # CYP [[Cyprus Pound|Cyprus pound]] # CZK [[Czech Republic|Czech]] [[koruna]] # DJF [[Djibouti]] [[franc]] # DKK [[Danish krone]] # DOP [[Dominican peso]] # DZD [[Algerian dinar]] # EEK [[Estonia]]n [[kroon]] # EGP [[Egyptian pound]] # ERN [[Eritrean|Eritrea]] [[nakfa]] # ETB [[Ethiopia]]n [[Birr (currency)|birr]] # EUR [[European Union euro]] # FJD [[Fijian dollar]] # FKP [[Falkland Islands]] [[Pound (currency)|pound]] # GBP [[United Kingdom|Great British]] [[Pound sterling|Pound]] # GEL [[Georgian lari]] # GHC [[Ghana]] [[cedi]] # GIP [[Gibraltar pound]] # GMD [[Gambia]]n [[dalasi]] # GNF [[Guinea]] [[franc]] # GTQ [[Guatemala]]n [[Quetzal (currency)|quetzal]] # GYD [[Guyanese dollar]] # HKD [[Hong Kong dollar]] # HNL [[Honduras|Honduran]] [[lempira]] # HRK [[Croatia]]n [[Kuna (currency)|kuna]] # HTG [[Haiti]]an [[gourde]] # HUF [[Hungary|Hungarian]] [[forint]] # IDR [[Indonesian rupiah]] # ILS [[New Israeli shekel]] # INR [[Indian rupee]] # IQD [[Iraqi dinar]] # IRR [[Iranian Rial]] # ISK [[Icelandic Króna|Icelandic króna]] # JMD [[Jamaican dollar]] # JOD [[Jordanian dinar]] # JPY [[Japan]]ese [[yen]] # KES [[Kenyan shilling]] # KGS [[Kyrgyzstan]] [[som]] # KHR [[Cambodia]]n [[riel]] # KMF [[Comorian franc]] # KPW [[North Korea]]n [[won]] # KRW [[South Korea]]n [[won]] # KWD [[Kuwaiti dinar]] # KYD [[Cayman Dollar|Cayman Islands dollar]] # KZT [[Kazakhstan]] [[tenge]] # LAK [[Laos|Lao]] [[kip (currency)|kip]] # LBP [[Lebanese pound]] # LKR [[Sri Lanka]]n [[rupee]] # LRD [[Liberian dollar]] # LSL [[Lesotho]] [[loti]] # LTL [[Lithuania]]n [[litas]] # LVL [[Latvia]]n [[lat]] # LYD [[Libyan dinar]] # MAD [[Morocco|Moroccan]] [[dirham]] # MDL [[Moldovan leu]] # MGA [[Madagascar|Malagasy]] [[ariary]] # MKD [[Macedonian Denar|Macedonian denar]] # MMK [[Myanmar]] [[kyat]] # MNT [[Mongolia]]n [[tugrik]] # MOP [[Macau]] [[pataca]] # MRO [[Mauritania]]n [[ouguiya]] # MTL [[Malta|Maltese]] [[lira]] # MUR [[Mauritius]] [[Mauritian Rupee|rupee]] # MVR [[Maldives]] [[rufiyaa]] # MWK [[Malawi]] [[kwacha]] # MXN [[Mexican peso]] # MXV Mexican Unidad de Inversión (UDI) (Funds code) # MYR [[Malaysia]]n [[Malaysian ringgit|ringgit]] # MZM [[Mozambique]] [[Mozambique Metical|metical]] # NAD [[Namibian dollar]] # NGN [[Nigeria]]n [[naira]] # NIO [[Nicaragua]]n [[Córdoba (currency)|córdoba]] # NOK [[Norwegian krone]] # NPR [[Nepalese Rupee|Nepalese rupee]] # NZD [[New Zealand dollar]] # OMR [[Oman]]i [[rial]] # PAB [[Panama]]nian [[Balboa (currency)|balboa]] # PEN [[Peru]]vian [[Sol (currency)|nuevo sol]] # PGK [[Papua New Guinea]] [[kina]] # PHP [[Philippine peso]] # PKR [[Pakistani Rupee|Pakistani rupee]] # PLN [[Poland|Polish]] [[złoty]] # PYG [[Paraguay]]an [[Guaraní (currency)|guaraní]] # QAR [[Qatar]]i [[rial]] # RON [[Romania]]n [[Romanian leu|leu]] # RUB [[Russia]]n [[ruble]] # RWF [[Rwanda]]n [[franc]] # SAR [[Saudi Arabia]]n [[riyal]] # SBD [[Solomon Islands]] [[Solomon Islands dollar|dollar]] # SCR [[Seychelles rupee]] # SDD [[Sudan]]ese [[dinar]] # SEK [[Sweden|Swedish]] [[krona]] # SGD [[Singapore dollar]] # SHP [[Saint Helena]] [[Saint Helenian pound|pound]] # SIT [[Slovenia|Slovene]] [[tolar]] # SKK [[Slovakia|Slovak]] [[koruna]] # SLL [[Sierra Leone]]an [[leone]] # SOS [[Somalia|Somali]] [[shilling]] # SRD [[Suriname dollar]] (since [[2004]]-[[01-01]]) # STD [[São Tomé and Príncipe]] [[dobra]] # SVC [[El Salvador|Salvadoran]] [[Colón (currency)|colón]] # SYP [[Syrian pound]] # SZL [[Swaziland]] [[lilangeni]] # THB [[Thai]] [[baht]] # TJS [[Tajikistan]]i [[Tajikistani Somoni|somoni]] # TMM [[Turkmenistan|Turkmen]] [[Manat (Turkmenistan)|manat]] # TND [[Tunisia]]n [[dinar]] # TOP [[Tonga]]n [[Pa'anga]] # TRY [[New Turkish Lira|New Turkish lira]] # TTD [[Trinidad and Tobago]] [[dollar]] # TWD [[New Taiwan dollar]] # TZS [[Tanzania]]n [[shilling]] # UAH [[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] [[hryvnia]] # UGX [[Uganda]]n [[shilling]] # USD [[United States dollar]] # USN United States dollar (Next day) (Funds code) # USS United States dollar (Same day) (Funds code) (one source claims it is no longer used, but it is still on the ISO 4217-MA list) # UYU [[Uruguay]]an [[peso]] # UZS [[Uzbekistan]]i [[Uzbekistani Som|som]] # VEB [[Venezuela]]n [[Venezuelan Bolivar|bolívar]] # VND [[Viet Nam]] [[Dong (currency)|dong]] # VUV [[Vanuatu]] [[vatu]] # WST Samoa Tala # XAF [[CFAF|CFA franc]] BEAC # XAG [[Silver]] [[Troy ounce|ounce]] # XAU [[Gold]] [[Troy ounce|ounce]] # XBA [[European Composite Unit]] (EURCO) (Bonds market unit) # XBB [[European Monetary Unit]] (E.M.U.-6) (Bonds market unit) # XBC [[European Unit of Account 9]] (E.U.A.-9) (Bonds market unit) # XBD [[European Unit of Account 17]] (E.U.A.-17) (Bonds market unit) # XCD [[East Caribbean dollar]] # XDR [[Special Drawing Rights]] ([[International Monetary Fund|IMF]]) # XFO [[Gold-franc]] (Special settlement currency) # XFU [[UIC franc]] (Special settlement currency) # XOF [[CFAF|CFA franc]] BCEAO # XPD [[Palladium]] [[Troy ounce|ounce]] # XPF [[CFP franc]] # XPT [[Platinum]] [[Troy ounce|ounce]] # XTS Code reserved for testing purposes # XXX No currency # YER [[Yemen]]i [[rial]] # ZAR [[South Africa]]n [[Rand (currency)|rand]] # ZMK [[Zambia]]n [[kwacha]] # ZWD [[Zimbabwe dollar]] == Obsolete currency codes == ===Replaced by Euro=== # ADP [[Andorran Peseta]] # ATS Austrian Schilling # BEF Belgian Franc # DEM [[Deutsche Mark]] # ESP Spanish [[Peseta]] # FIM Finnish [[Markka]] # FRF French [[Franc]] # GRD Greek [[Drachma]] # IEP [[Irish Pound]] # ITL [[Italian Lira]] # LUF [[Luxembourg Franc]] # NLG Netherlands [[Guilder]] # PTE [[Portugal|Portuguese]] [[Escudo]] In addition, the currency code '''XEU''' has been replaced by '''EUR'''. ===Replaced for other reasons=== # AFA [[Afghani]] (replaced by AFN) # ALK Albanian old lek (replaced by ALL) # AON Angolan New Kwanza (replaced by AOA) # AOR Angolan Kwanza Readjustado (replaced by AOA) # ARP Peso Argentino (replaced by ARS) # ARY Argentine peso (replaced by ARS) # BEC [[Belgian Franc]] (convertible) # BGJ Bulgarian lev A/52 (replaced by BGN) # BGK Bulgarian lev A/62 (replaced by BGN) # BGL Bulgarian lev A/99 (replaced by BGN) # BOP Bolivian peso (replaced by BOB) # BRB Brazilian cruzeiro (replaced by BRL) # BRC Brazilian cruzado (replaced by BRL) # CNX Chinese People's Bank dollar (replaced by CNY) # CSJ [[Czechoslovakia|Czechoslovak]] koruna A/53 # CSK [[Czechoslovakia|Czechoslovak]] koruna (replaced by CZK and SKK) # DDM mark der DDR (East Germany) (replaced by DEM) # ECS Ecuador [[Sucre (currency)|sucre]] (replaced by USD) # ECV Ecuador [[Unidad de Valor Constante]] (Funds code) (discontinued) # EQE Equatorial Guinean ekwele (replaced by XAF) # ESA Spanish peseta (account A) # ESB Spanish peseta (account B) # GNE Guinean syli (replaced by XOF) # GWP Guinea peso (replaced by XOF) # ILP Israeli pound (replaced by ILS) # ILR Israeli old shekel (replaced by ILS) # ISJ Icelandic old krona (replaced by ISK) # LAJ Lao kip - Pot Pol (replaced by LAK) # MAF Mali franc (replaced by XOF) # MGF [[Madagascar|Malagasy]] [[franc]] (replaced by MGA) # MKN Macedonian denar A/93 (replaced by MKD) # MVQ Maldive rupee (replaced by MVR) # MXP Mexican peso (replaced by MXN) # PEH Peruvian sol (replaced by PEN) # PLZ Polish złoty A/94 (replaced by PLN) # ROK Romanian leu A/52 (replaced by RON) # ROL [[Romania]]n [[Romanian leu|leu]] A/05 (replaced by RON) # RUR Russian ruble (replaced by RUB) # SRG Suriname guilder (replaced by SRD) # SUR Soviet Union ruble (replaced by RUB) # TPE Timor escudo # TRL [[Lira|Turkish lira]] A/05 (replaced by TRY) # UGW Ugandan old shilling (replaced by UGX) # UYN Uruguay old peso (replaced by UYU) # VNC Vietnamese old dong (replaced by VND) # YDD South Yemeni dinar (replaced by YER) # YUD New Yugoslavian Dinar (replaced by CSD) # YUM Yugoslavian Dinar (replaced by CSD) # ZAL South African [[financial rand]] (Funds code) (discontinued) # ZRN New Zaire (replaced by CDF) # ZRZ Zaire (replaced by CDF) # ZWC Zimbabwe Rhodesian dollar (replaced by ZWD) == See also == *[[Currency]] (with a list by name) *[[Table of historical exchange rates]] *[[List of international trade topics]] *[[Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication|SWIFT]] and [[List of SWIFT codes]] == External links == * [http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/popstds/currencycodeslist.html The official list of ISO-4217 alphabetic and numeric codes] *[http://www.unece.org/cefact/recommendations/rec09/rec09_ecetrd203.pdf An older list of ISO-4217 alphabetic codes that contains some history of ISO-4217] ([[PDF]] file) *[http://fx.sauder.ubc.ca/currency_table.html Another list of numeric and alphabetic ISO 4217 currency codes] <!-- *[http://www.bsi-global.com/Portfolio+of+Products+and+Services/Books+Guides/Consumer/th42090.xalter] &ndash; ISO 4217 Maintenance Authority at the British Standards Institute &ndash; includes list of currency codes (not up-to-date). *[http://www.unece.org/cefact/rec/cocucod.htm] &ndash; [[United Nations Economic Commission for Europe]] (UNECE) &ndash; Country and Currency Codes [http://www.unece.org/cefact/rec/cocucod.htm] (up-to-date): * Currency conversion: **http://www.xe.com/ucc/ **http://www.oanda.com/convert/classic *[http://www.fx4business.com/services/EasyReference.html Travelex Country and Currency Guide] --> [[Category:Mosɔlɔ]] <!--Currency--> [[Category:Encodings]] [[Category:International economics]] [[Category:International trade]] --> [[ast:ISO 4217]] [[bg:ISO 4217]] [[ca:ISO 4217]] [[cs:Seznam měn]] [[cv:ISO 4217]] [[cy:ISO 4217]] [[da:ISO 4217]] [[de:ISO 4217]] [[el:ISO 4217]] [[en:ISO 4217]] [[eo:ISO 4217]] [[es:ISO 4217]] [[eu:ISO 4217]] [[fi:ISO 4217]] [[fr:ISO 4217]] [[he:ISO 4217]] [[hu:ISO 4217]] [[id:ISO 4217]] [[is:ISO 4217]] [[it:ISO 4217]] [[ja:ISO 4217]] [[ko:ISO 4217]] [[nl:ISO 4217]] [[nn:ISO 4217]] [[no:ISO 4217]] [[pl:ISO 4217]] [[pt:ISO 4217]] [[ru:ISO 4217]] [[sl:ISO 4217]] [[th:ISO 4217]] [[zh:ISO 4217]] 9971 2006-12-14T14:42:35Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: bn, hr, ta, uk, uz {{lingála tɛ́}} TODO: TRANSLATE / A FAIRE: TRADUIRE <!-- '''ISO 4217''' is an [[international standard]] describing three letter codes to define the names of [[currency|currencies]] established by the [[International Organization for Standardization]] (ISO). The first two letters of the code are the two letters of [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2]] [[country codes]] (which are similar to those used for [[Country code top-level domain|national top-level domains]] on the internet) and the third is usually the initial of the currency itself. So [[Japan]]'s currency code becomes JPY&mdash;JP for Japan and Y for [[yen]]. This eliminates the problem caused by the names [[Dollar|dollar]], [[Franc|franc]] and [[Pound (currency)|pound]] being used in dozens of different countries, all with wildly differing values. The standard also defines the relationship between the major currency unit and any minor currency unit. Often, the minor currency unit has a value that is 1/100 of the major unit, but 1/10 or 1/1000 are also common. Some currencies do not have any minor currency unit at all. [[Mauritania]] does not use a decimal division of units, setting 1 [[ouguiya]] (UM) = 5 [[khoums]], and [[Madagascar]] has 1 [[ariary]] = 5 [[iraimbilanja]]. ISO 4217 includes codes for not only currencies, but also codes for precious metals ([[gold]], [[silver]], [[palladium]] and [[platinum]]; normally measured in [[troy ounce]]s) and certain other entities used in international finance, e.g. [[Special Drawing Rights]]. There are also special codes allocated for testing purposes (XTS), and to indicate no currency transactions (XXX). These codes all begin with the letter "X". ISO 3166 never assigns country codes beginning with "X", so ISO 4217 can use "X" codes for non-country-specific currencies without risk of clashing with future country codes. Supranational currencies, such as the [[East Caribbean dollar]], the [[CFP franc]], the [[CFAF|CFA franc]] BEAC and the CFA franc BCEAO are normally also represented by codes beginning with an "X". However, the [[Euro]] is represented by the code EUR; although EU is not an [[ISO 3166-1]] country code, it was used anyway, and in order to do so EU was added to the [[ISO 3166-1]] reserved codes list to represent the [[European Union]]. The predecessor to the Euro, the [[European Currency Unit]], had the code XEU. == History == In 1973, the ISO Technical Committee 68 decided to develop codes for the representation of currencies and funds for use in any application of trade, commerce or banking. At the 17th session (February 1978) of the related [[UN]]/[[United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Europe|ECE]] Group of Experts agreed that the three letter alphabetic codes for International Standard ISO 4217, "Codes for the representation of currencies and funds", would be suitable for use in international trade. Over time, new currencies are created and old currencies are discontinued. Frequently, these changes are due to new governments (through war or a new constitution), treaties between countries standardizing on a currency, or revaluation of the currency due to excessive inflation. As a result, the list of codes must be updated from time to time. The ISO 4217 maintenance agency (MA), the [[British Standards Institution]], is responsible for maintaining the list of codes. == Active codes == # AED [[United Arab Emirates]] [[UAE dirham|dirham]] # AFN [[Afghanistan|Afghan]] [[afghani]] # ALL [[Albania]]n [[Lek (currency)|lek]] # AMD [[Armenia]]n [[Dram (currency)|dram]] # ANG [[Netherlands Antilles|Netherlands Antillian]] [[guilder]] # AOA [[Angola]]n [[kwanza]] # ARS [[Argentine peso]] # AUD [[Australian dollar]] # AWG [[Aruba]]n [[guilder]] # AZM [[Azerbaijan]]i [[manat]] # BAM [[Bosnia-Herzegovina]] [[Convertible Mark|convertible mark]] # BBD [[Barbadian dollar]] # BDT [[Bangladesh]]i [[taka]] # BGN [[Bulgaria]]n [[lev]] (since [[1999]]-[[07-05]]) # BHD [[Bahraini dinar]] # BIF [[Burundi]] [[Burundi franc|franc]] # BMD [[Bermuda dollar]] # BND [[Brunei dollar]] # BOB [[Bolivia]]n [[boliviano]] # BOV Bolivian Mvdol (Funds code) # BRL [[Brazil]]ian [[Real (currency)|real]] # BSD [[Bahamian dollar]] # BTN [[Bhutan]] [[ngultrum]] # BWP [[Botswana]] [[Pula (currency)|pula]] # BYR [[Belarusian ruble]] # BZD [[Belize dollar]] # CAD [[Canadian dollar]] # CDF [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congolese]] [[franc]] # CHF [[Swiss franc]] # CLF Chilean Unidades de fomento (Funds code) # CLP [[Chilean peso]] # CNY [[Yuan]] [[renminbi]] (PR China) # COP [[Colombian peso]] # COU Colombian unidad de valor real (added to the COP) # CRC [[Costa Rica]]n [[Colón (currency)|colón]] # CSD [[Serbian dinar]] # CUC [[Cuban convertible peso]] (replaced USD as additional national currency in [[November 2004]]) # CUP [[Cuban peso]] (still in use) # CVE [[Cape Verde]] [[escudo]] # CYP [[Cyprus Pound|Cyprus pound]] # CZK [[Czech Republic|Czech]] [[koruna]] # DJF [[Djibouti]] [[franc]] # DKK [[Danish krone]] # DOP [[Dominican peso]] # DZD [[Algerian dinar]] # EEK [[Estonia]]n [[kroon]] # EGP [[Egyptian pound]] # ERN [[Eritrean|Eritrea]] [[nakfa]] # ETB [[Ethiopia]]n [[Birr (currency)|birr]] # EUR [[European Union euro]] # FJD [[Fijian dollar]] # FKP [[Falkland Islands]] [[Pound (currency)|pound]] # GBP [[United Kingdom|Great British]] [[Pound sterling|Pound]] # GEL [[Georgian lari]] # GHC [[Ghana]] [[cedi]] # GIP [[Gibraltar pound]] # GMD [[Gambia]]n [[dalasi]] # GNF [[Guinea]] [[franc]] # GTQ [[Guatemala]]n [[Quetzal (currency)|quetzal]] # GYD [[Guyanese dollar]] # HKD [[Hong Kong dollar]] # HNL [[Honduras|Honduran]] [[lempira]] # HRK [[Croatia]]n [[Kuna (currency)|kuna]] # HTG [[Haiti]]an [[gourde]] # HUF [[Hungary|Hungarian]] [[forint]] # IDR [[Indonesian rupiah]] # ILS [[New Israeli shekel]] # INR [[Indian rupee]] # IQD [[Iraqi dinar]] # IRR [[Iranian Rial]] # ISK [[Icelandic Króna|Icelandic króna]] # JMD [[Jamaican dollar]] # JOD [[Jordanian dinar]] # JPY [[Japan]]ese [[yen]] # KES [[Kenyan shilling]] # KGS [[Kyrgyzstan]] [[som]] # KHR [[Cambodia]]n [[riel]] # KMF [[Comorian franc]] # KPW [[North Korea]]n [[won]] # KRW [[South Korea]]n [[won]] # KWD [[Kuwaiti dinar]] # KYD [[Cayman Dollar|Cayman Islands dollar]] # KZT [[Kazakhstan]] [[tenge]] # LAK [[Laos|Lao]] [[kip (currency)|kip]] # LBP [[Lebanese pound]] # LKR [[Sri Lanka]]n [[rupee]] # LRD [[Liberian dollar]] # LSL [[Lesotho]] [[loti]] # LTL [[Lithuania]]n [[litas]] # LVL [[Latvia]]n [[lat]] # LYD [[Libyan dinar]] # MAD [[Morocco|Moroccan]] [[dirham]] # MDL [[Moldovan leu]] # MGA [[Madagascar|Malagasy]] [[ariary]] # MKD [[Macedonian Denar|Macedonian denar]] # MMK [[Myanmar]] [[kyat]] # MNT [[Mongolia]]n [[tugrik]] # MOP [[Macau]] [[pataca]] # MRO [[Mauritania]]n [[ouguiya]] # MTL [[Malta|Maltese]] [[lira]] # MUR [[Mauritius]] [[Mauritian Rupee|rupee]] # MVR [[Maldives]] [[rufiyaa]] # MWK [[Malawi]] [[kwacha]] # MXN [[Mexican peso]] # MXV Mexican Unidad de Inversión (UDI) (Funds code) # MYR [[Malaysia]]n [[Malaysian ringgit|ringgit]] # MZM [[Mozambique]] [[Mozambique Metical|metical]] # NAD [[Namibian dollar]] # NGN [[Nigeria]]n [[naira]] # NIO [[Nicaragua]]n [[Córdoba (currency)|córdoba]] # NOK [[Norwegian krone]] # NPR [[Nepalese Rupee|Nepalese rupee]] # NZD [[New Zealand dollar]] # OMR [[Oman]]i [[rial]] # PAB [[Panama]]nian [[Balboa (currency)|balboa]] # PEN [[Peru]]vian [[Sol (currency)|nuevo sol]] # PGK [[Papua New Guinea]] [[kina]] # PHP [[Philippine peso]] # PKR [[Pakistani Rupee|Pakistani rupee]] # PLN [[Poland|Polish]] [[złoty]] # PYG [[Paraguay]]an [[Guaraní (currency)|guaraní]] # QAR [[Qatar]]i [[rial]] # RON [[Romania]]n [[Romanian leu|leu]] # RUB [[Russia]]n [[ruble]] # RWF [[Rwanda]]n [[franc]] # SAR [[Saudi Arabia]]n [[riyal]] # SBD [[Solomon Islands]] [[Solomon Islands dollar|dollar]] # SCR [[Seychelles rupee]] # SDD [[Sudan]]ese [[dinar]] # SEK [[Sweden|Swedish]] [[krona]] # SGD [[Singapore dollar]] # SHP [[Saint Helena]] [[Saint Helenian pound|pound]] # SIT [[Slovenia|Slovene]] [[tolar]] # SKK [[Slovakia|Slovak]] [[koruna]] # SLL [[Sierra Leone]]an [[leone]] # SOS [[Somalia|Somali]] [[shilling]] # SRD [[Suriname dollar]] (since [[2004]]-[[01-01]]) # STD [[São Tomé and Príncipe]] [[dobra]] # SVC [[El Salvador|Salvadoran]] [[Colón (currency)|colón]] # SYP [[Syrian pound]] # SZL [[Swaziland]] [[lilangeni]] # THB [[Thai]] [[baht]] # TJS [[Tajikistan]]i [[Tajikistani Somoni|somoni]] # TMM [[Turkmenistan|Turkmen]] [[Manat (Turkmenistan)|manat]] # TND [[Tunisia]]n [[dinar]] # TOP [[Tonga]]n [[Pa'anga]] # TRY [[New Turkish Lira|New Turkish lira]] # TTD [[Trinidad and Tobago]] [[dollar]] # TWD [[New Taiwan dollar]] # TZS [[Tanzania]]n [[shilling]] # UAH [[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] [[hryvnia]] # UGX [[Uganda]]n [[shilling]] # USD [[United States dollar]] # USN United States dollar (Next day) (Funds code) # USS United States dollar (Same day) (Funds code) (one source claims it is no longer used, but it is still on the ISO 4217-MA list) # UYU [[Uruguay]]an [[peso]] # UZS [[Uzbekistan]]i [[Uzbekistani Som|som]] # VEB [[Venezuela]]n [[Venezuelan Bolivar|bolívar]] # VND [[Viet Nam]] [[Dong (currency)|dong]] # VUV [[Vanuatu]] [[vatu]] # WST Samoa Tala # XAF [[CFAF|CFA franc]] BEAC # XAG [[Silver]] [[Troy ounce|ounce]] # XAU [[Gold]] [[Troy ounce|ounce]] # XBA [[European Composite Unit]] (EURCO) (Bonds market unit) # XBB [[European Monetary Unit]] (E.M.U.-6) (Bonds market unit) # XBC [[European Unit of Account 9]] (E.U.A.-9) (Bonds market unit) # XBD [[European Unit of Account 17]] (E.U.A.-17) (Bonds market unit) # XCD [[East Caribbean dollar]] # XDR [[Special Drawing Rights]] ([[International Monetary Fund|IMF]]) # XFO [[Gold-franc]] (Special settlement currency) # XFU [[UIC franc]] (Special settlement currency) # XOF [[CFAF|CFA franc]] BCEAO # XPD [[Palladium]] [[Troy ounce|ounce]] # XPF [[CFP franc]] # XPT [[Platinum]] [[Troy ounce|ounce]] # XTS Code reserved for testing purposes # XXX No currency # YER [[Yemen]]i [[rial]] # ZAR [[South Africa]]n [[Rand (currency)|rand]] # ZMK [[Zambia]]n [[kwacha]] # ZWD [[Zimbabwe dollar]] == Obsolete currency codes == ===Replaced by Euro=== # ADP [[Andorran Peseta]] # ATS Austrian Schilling # BEF Belgian Franc # DEM [[Deutsche Mark]] # ESP Spanish [[Peseta]] # FIM Finnish [[Markka]] # FRF French [[Franc]] # GRD Greek [[Drachma]] # IEP [[Irish Pound]] # ITL [[Italian Lira]] # LUF [[Luxembourg Franc]] # NLG Netherlands [[Guilder]] # PTE [[Portugal|Portuguese]] [[Escudo]] In addition, the currency code '''XEU''' has been replaced by '''EUR'''. ===Replaced for other reasons=== # AFA [[Afghani]] (replaced by AFN) # ALK Albanian old lek (replaced by ALL) # AON Angolan New Kwanza (replaced by AOA) # AOR Angolan Kwanza Readjustado (replaced by AOA) # ARP Peso Argentino (replaced by ARS) # ARY Argentine peso (replaced by ARS) # BEC [[Belgian Franc]] (convertible) # BGJ Bulgarian lev A/52 (replaced by BGN) # BGK Bulgarian lev A/62 (replaced by BGN) # BGL Bulgarian lev A/99 (replaced by BGN) # BOP Bolivian peso (replaced by BOB) # BRB Brazilian cruzeiro (replaced by BRL) # BRC Brazilian cruzado (replaced by BRL) # CNX Chinese People's Bank dollar (replaced by CNY) # CSJ [[Czechoslovakia|Czechoslovak]] koruna A/53 # CSK [[Czechoslovakia|Czechoslovak]] koruna (replaced by CZK and SKK) # DDM mark der DDR (East Germany) (replaced by DEM) # ECS Ecuador [[Sucre (currency)|sucre]] (replaced by USD) # ECV Ecuador [[Unidad de Valor Constante]] (Funds code) (discontinued) # EQE Equatorial Guinean ekwele (replaced by XAF) # ESA Spanish peseta (account A) # ESB Spanish peseta (account B) # GNE Guinean syli (replaced by XOF) # GWP Guinea peso (replaced by XOF) # ILP Israeli pound (replaced by ILS) # ILR Israeli old shekel (replaced by ILS) # ISJ Icelandic old krona (replaced by ISK) # LAJ Lao kip - Pot Pol (replaced by LAK) # MAF Mali franc (replaced by XOF) # MGF [[Madagascar|Malagasy]] [[franc]] (replaced by MGA) # MKN Macedonian denar A/93 (replaced by MKD) # MVQ Maldive rupee (replaced by MVR) # MXP Mexican peso (replaced by MXN) # PEH Peruvian sol (replaced by PEN) # PLZ Polish złoty A/94 (replaced by PLN) # ROK Romanian leu A/52 (replaced by RON) # ROL [[Romania]]n [[Romanian leu|leu]] A/05 (replaced by RON) # RUR Russian ruble (replaced by RUB) # SRG Suriname guilder (replaced by SRD) # SUR Soviet Union ruble (replaced by RUB) # TPE Timor escudo # TRL [[Lira|Turkish lira]] A/05 (replaced by TRY) # UGW Ugandan old shilling (replaced by UGX) # UYN Uruguay old peso (replaced by UYU) # VNC Vietnamese old dong (replaced by VND) # YDD South Yemeni dinar (replaced by YER) # YUD New Yugoslavian Dinar (replaced by CSD) # YUM Yugoslavian Dinar (replaced by CSD) # ZAL South African [[financial rand]] (Funds code) (discontinued) # ZRN New Zaire (replaced by CDF) # ZRZ Zaire (replaced by CDF) # ZWC Zimbabwe Rhodesian dollar (replaced by ZWD) == See also == *[[Currency]] (with a list by name) *[[Table of historical exchange rates]] *[[List of international trade topics]] *[[Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication|SWIFT]] and [[List of SWIFT codes]] == External links == * [http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/popstds/currencycodeslist.html The official list of ISO-4217 alphabetic and numeric codes] *[http://www.unece.org/cefact/recommendations/rec09/rec09_ecetrd203.pdf An older list of ISO-4217 alphabetic codes that contains some history of ISO-4217] ([[PDF]] file) *[http://fx.sauder.ubc.ca/currency_table.html Another list of numeric and alphabetic ISO 4217 currency codes] <!-- *[http://www.bsi-global.com/Portfolio+of+Products+and+Services/Books+Guides/Consumer/th42090.xalter] &ndash; ISO 4217 Maintenance Authority at the British Standards Institute &ndash; includes list of currency codes (not up-to-date). *[http://www.unece.org/cefact/rec/cocucod.htm] &ndash; [[United Nations Economic Commission for Europe]] (UNECE) &ndash; Country and Currency Codes [http://www.unece.org/cefact/rec/cocucod.htm] (up-to-date): * Currency conversion: **http://www.xe.com/ucc/ **http://www.oanda.com/convert/classic *[http://www.fx4business.com/services/EasyReference.html Travelex Country and Currency Guide] --> [[Category:Mosɔlɔ]] <!--Currency--> [[Category:Encodings]] [[Category:International economics]] [[Category:International trade]] --> [[ast:ISO 4217]] [[bg:ISO 4217]] [[bn:ISO 4217]] [[ca:ISO 4217]] [[cs:Seznam měn]] [[cv:ISO 4217]] [[cy:ISO 4217]] [[da:ISO 4217]] [[de:ISO 4217]] [[el:ISO 4217]] [[en:ISO 4217]] [[eo:ISO 4217]] [[es:ISO 4217]] [[eu:ISO 4217]] [[fi:ISO 4217]] [[fr:ISO 4217]] [[he:ISO 4217]] [[hr:ISO 4217]] [[hu:ISO 4217]] [[id:ISO 4217]] [[is:ISO 4217]] [[it:ISO 4217]] [[ja:ISO 4217]] [[ko:ISO 4217]] [[nl:ISO 4217]] [[nn:ISO 4217]] [[no:ISO 4217]] [[pl:ISO 4217]] [[pt:ISO 4217]] [[ru:ISO 4217]] [[sl:ISO 4217]] [[ta:ஐஎஸ்ஓ 4217]] [[th:ISO 4217]] [[uk:Класифікація валют]] [[uz:ISO 4217]] [[zh:ISO 4217]] Template:Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa 1605 5439 2005-07-18T23:35:41Z Themalau 22 [[Template:Politiki bya Kongo Kinshasa]] moved to [[Template:Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]: correction des accents et trait d'union #redirect [[Template:Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] Mokambi Ekolo Kongo Kinshasa 1606 5442 2005-07-18T23:45:32Z Themalau 22 #REDIRECT:[[Molɔngɔ ya Bakambi ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] 8282 2006-05-29T09:50:57Z Moyogo 11 #REDIRECT:[[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa 1607 5443 2005-07-18T23:44:00Z Themalau 22 [[en:Heads of State of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[fr:Présidents_de_la_République_démocratique_du_Congo]] [[Category:moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] Makomi oyo elandi elakisi liste ya bakambi-mboka oyo balandanaki o ekolo oyo eyebanaki kala na nkombo ya "Congo Belge", wuta lipanda elongamaki na [[Belgique|Ekolo Belgiki]] na mokolo [[1 juin|30 Juin]] [[1960]]. Bankombo nionso oyo Ekolo Kongo ezwaki banda lipanda, makomami mpe awa. {|border="2" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" !Nkombo !Ebandeli-kimokonzi !Suka-kimokonzi !Parti !Elembo |- | colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo]] </center> |- | [[Joseph Kasavubu]] || [[1 juillet|premier juillet]] [[1960]] || [[24 novembre]] [[1965]] || || renversé militairement par Mobutu |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]] || [[25 novembre]] [[1965]] || [[1 juillet|premier juillet]] [[1966]] || || |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo Demokratiki]] </center> |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]] || [[1 juillet|premier juillet]] [[1966]] || [[27 octobre]] [[1971]] || || |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Zaïre]] </center> |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] || [[27 octobre]] [[1971]] || [[16 mai]] [[1997]] || || renversé alors qu'il était à l'étranger |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo Demokratiki]] </center> |- | [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] || [[17 mai]] [[1997]] || [[29 mai]] [[1997]] || || à titre intérimaire |- | [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] || [[29 mai]] [[1997]] || [[16 janvier]] [[2001]] || || assassiné |- | [[Joseph Kabila]] || [[17 janvier]] [[2001]] || [[26 janvier]] [[2001]] || || fils du précédent, président par intérim |- | [[Joseph Kabila]] || [[26 janvier]] [[2001]] || <center>-</center> || || encadré par 4 vice-présidents des factions de la [[Seconde Guerre du Kivu]]. |- |} 5449 2005-07-18T23:49:26Z Themalau 22 [[en:Heads of State of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[fr:Présidents_de_la_République_démocratique_du_Congo]] [[Category:moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] Makomi oyo elandi elakisi liste ya '''bakambi ekolo''' oyo balandanaki o ekolo oyo eyebánákí kala na nkombo ya "Congo Belge", wuta lipanda elongamaki na [[Belgique|Ekolo Belgiki]] na mokolo [[1 juin|30 Juin]] [[1960]]. Bankombo nionso oyo Ekolo Kongo ezwaki banda lipanda, makomami mpe awa. {|border="2" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" !Nkombo !Ebandeli-kimokonzi !Suka-kimokonzi !Parti !Elembo |- | colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo]] </center> |- | [[Joseph Kasavubu]] || [[1 juillet|premier juillet]] [[1960]] || [[24 novembre]] [[1965]] || || renversé militairement par Mobutu |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]] || [[25 novembre]] [[1965]] || [[1 juillet|premier juillet]] [[1966]] || || |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo Demokratiki]] </center> |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]] || [[1 juillet|premier juillet]] [[1966]] || [[27 octobre]] [[1971]] || || |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Zaïre]] </center> |- | [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] || [[27 octobre]] [[1971]] || [[16 mai]] [[1997]] || || renversé alors qu'il était à l'étranger |- |colspan="5" bgcolor=#5599cc | <center> [[Kongo-Kinshasa|Kongo Demokratiki]] </center> |- | [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] || [[17 mai]] [[1997]] || [[29 mai]] [[1997]] || || à titre intérimaire |- | [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] || [[29 mai]] [[1997]] || [[16 janvier]] [[2001]] || || assassiné |- | [[Joseph Kabila]] || [[17 janvier]] [[2001]] || [[26 janvier]] [[2001]] || || fils du précédent, président par intérim |- | [[Joseph Kabila]] || [[26 janvier]] [[2001]] || <center>-</center> || || encadré par 4 vice-présidents des factions de la [[Seconde Guerre du Kivu]]. |- |} 5450 2005-07-19T00:04:21Z Themalau 22 [[en:Heads of State of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[fr:Présidents_de_la_République_démocratique_du_Congo]] [[Category:moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] Makomi oyo elandi elakisi liste ya '''bakambi ekolo''' oyo balandanaki o ekolo oyo eyebánákí kala na nkombo ya "Congo Belge", wuta lipanda elongamaki na [[Belgique|Ekolo Belgiki]] na mokolo [[1 juin|30 Juin]] [[1960]]. Bankombo nionso oyo Ekolo Kongo ezwaki banda lipanda, makomami mpe awa. {| border=1 style="border-collapse: collapse" |- align=left ! width="25%"|Kimokonzi ! width="20%"|Nkombo ! width="10%"|[[#Baparti:-|Parti]] ! width="20%"|Elembo |- valign=top |'''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]'''||colspan="3"|''Independence from [[Belgium]]'' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[1 July]] [[1960]] to [[1 August]] [[1964]]||'''[[Joseph Kasavubu]]''', <small>Head of State||<small>ABAKO||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[1 August]] [[1964]] to [[25 November]] [[1965]]||'''[[Joseph Kasavubu]]''', <small>President||<small>ABAKO||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[31 March]] [[1961]] to [[5 August]] [[1961]]||'''[[Antoine Gizenga]]''', <small>Head of State||<small>MNC-L||<small>In rebellion, at Stanleyville |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[25 November]] [[1965]] to ''[[1 July]] [[1966]]''||[[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']], <small>President||<small>Mil||&nbsp; |- valign=top |colspan="4"|'''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[1 July]] [[1966]]'' to ''[[1967]]''||rowspan="2"|[[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']], <small>President||<small>Mil||<small>''(contd.)'' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[1967]]'' to ''[[27 October]] [[1971]]''||<small>MRP||&nbsp; |- valign=top |colspan="4"|'''[[Zaire|Repubiliki ya Zaire]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[27 October]] [[1971]] to ''[[10 January]] [[1972]]''||[[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']], <small>President||rowspan="2"|<small>MRP||<small>Changed name to [[Joseph Mobutu|Mobutu Sese Seko]] |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[10 January]] [[1972]]'' to [[16 May]] [[1997]]||'''[[Joseph Mobutu|Mobutu Sese Seko]]''', <small>President ||<small>''(contd.)''; Hitherto named [[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']] |- valign=top |colspan="4"|'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[17 May]] [[1997]] to ''[[29 May]] [[1997]]''||'''[[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]]''', <small>Head of State||rowspan="2"|<small>AFDL||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[29 May]] [[1997]]'' to [[16 January]] [[2001]]||'''[[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]]''', <small>President||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[17 January]] [[2001]] to ''[[26 January]] [[2001]]''||'''[[Joseph Kabila]]''', <small>interim President||rowspan="3"|<small> AFDL||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[26 January]] [[2001]]'' to ''[[8 April]] [[2003]]''||'''[[Joseph Kabila]]''', <small>President||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[8 April]] [[2003]]'' to present||'''[[Joseph Kabila]]''', <small>interim President||&nbsp; |} === Baparti:- === {{Baparti o Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa}} === See also:- === *[[Kongo]] **[[Bakambi bulamatari of the Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] **[[Bakambi ekolo o ntangu ya Ekolo ya bonsomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ]] **[[Bakambi ekolo o ntangu ya Congo Belge]] *[[Zaire]] [[Category:Politics bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[fr:Présidents de la République démocratique du Congo]] [[en:Heads of State of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] 5452 2005-07-19T00:06:36Z Themalau 22 [[en:Heads of State of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[fr:Présidents_de_la_République_démocratique_du_Congo]] [[Category:moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] Makomi oyo elandi elakisi liste ya '''bakambi ekolo''' oyo balandanaki o ekolo oyo eyebánákí kala na nkombo ya "Congo Belge", wuta lipanda elongamaki na [[Belgique|Ekolo Belgiki]] na mokolo [[1 juin|30 Juin]] [[1960]]. Bankombo nionso oyo Ekolo Kongo ezwaki banda lipanda, makomami mpe awa. {| border=1 style="border-collapse: collapse" |- align=left ! width="25%"|Kimokonzi ! width="20%"|Nkombo ! width="10%"|[[#Baparti:-|Parti]] ! width="20%"|Elembo |- valign=top |'''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ (Kinshasa)]]'''||colspan="3"|''Independence from [[Belgium]]'' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[1 July]] [[1960]] to [[1 August]] [[1964]]||'''[[Joseph Kasavubu]]''', <small>Head of State||<small>ABAKO||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[1 August]] [[1964]] to [[25 November]] [[1965]]||'''[[Joseph Kasavubu]]''', <small>President||<small>ABAKO||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[31 March]] [[1961]] to [[5 August]] [[1961]]||'''[[Antoine Gizenga]]''', <small>Head of State||<small>MNC-L||<small>In rebellion, at Stanleyville |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[25 November]] [[1965]] to ''[[1 July]] [[1966]]''||[[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']], <small>President||<small>Mil||&nbsp; |- valign=top |colspan="4"|'''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[1 July]] [[1966]]'' to ''[[1967]]''||rowspan="2"|[[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']], <small>President||<small>Mil||<small>''(contd.)'' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[1967]]'' to ''[[27 October]] [[1971]]''||<small>MRP||&nbsp; |- valign=top |colspan="4"|'''[[Zaire|Repubiliki ya Zaire]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[27 October]] [[1971]] to ''[[10 January]] [[1972]]''||[[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']], <small>President||rowspan="2"|<small>MRP||<small>Changed name to [[Joseph Mobutu|Mobutu Sese Seko]] |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[10 January]] [[1972]]'' to [[16 May]] [[1997]]||'''[[Joseph Mobutu|Mobutu Sese Seko]]''', <small>President ||<small>''(contd.)''; Hitherto named [[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']] |- valign=top |colspan="4"|'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[17 May]] [[1997]] to ''[[29 May]] [[1997]]''||'''[[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]]''', <small>Head of State||rowspan="2"|<small>AFDL||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[29 May]] [[1997]]'' to [[16 January]] [[2001]]||'''[[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]]''', <small>President||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[17 January]] [[2001]] to ''[[26 January]] [[2001]]''||'''[[Joseph Kabila]]''', <small>interim President||rowspan="3"|<small> AFDL||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[26 January]] [[2001]]'' to ''[[8 April]] [[2003]]''||'''[[Joseph Kabila]]''', <small>President||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[8 April]] [[2003]]'' to present||'''[[Joseph Kabila]]''', <small>interim President||&nbsp; |} === Baparti:- === {{Baparti o Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa}} === See also:- === *[[Kongo]] **[[Bakambi bulamatari of the Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] **[[Bakambi ekolo o ntangu ya Ekolo ya bonsomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ]] **[[Bakambi ekolo o ntangu ya Congo Belge]] *[[Zaire]] [[Category:Politics bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[fr:Présidents de la République démocratique du Congo]] [[en:Heads of State of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] 5453 2005-07-19T00:14:35Z Themalau 22 [[en:Heads of State of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[fr:Présidents_de_la_République_démocratique_du_Congo]] [[Category:moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] Makomi oyo elandi elakisi liste ya '''bakambi ekolo''' oyo balandanaki o ekolo oyo eyebánákí kala na nkombo ya "Congo Belge", wuta lipanda elongamaki na [[Belgique|Ekolo Belgiki]] na mokolo [[1 juin|30 Juin]] [[1960]]. Bankombo nionso oyo Ekolo Kongo ezwaki banda lipanda, makomami mpe awa. {| border=1 style="border-collapse: collapse" |- align=left ! width="25%"|Kimokonzi ! width="20%"|Nkombo ! width="10%"|[[#Baparti:-|Parti]] ! width="20%"|Elembo |- valign=top |'''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ (Kinshasa)]]'''||colspan="3"|''Independence from [[Belgium]]'' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[1 July]] [[1960]] to [[1 August]] [[1964]]||'''[[Joseph Kasavubu]]''', <small>Mokambi leta||<small>ABAKO||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[1 August]] [[1964]] to [[25 November]] [[1965]]||'''[[Joseph Kasavubu]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo||<small>ABAKO||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[31 March]] [[1961]] to [[5 August]] [[1961]]||'''[[Antoine Gizenga]]''', <small>Mokambi leta||<small>MNC-L||<small>In rebellion, at Stanleyville |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[25 November]] [[1965]] to ''[[1 July]] [[1966]]''||[[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']], <small>Mokambi ekolo||<small>Mil||&nbsp; |- valign=top |colspan="4"|'''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[1 July]] [[1966]]'' to ''[[1967]]''||rowspan="2"|[[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']], <small>Mokambi ekolo||<small>Mil||<small>''(contd.)'' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[1967]]'' to ''[[27 October]] [[1971]]''||<small>MPR||&nbsp; |- valign=top |colspan="4"|'''[[Zaire|Repubiliki ya Zaire]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[27 October]] [[1971]] to ''[[10 January]] [[1972]]''||[[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']], <small>Mokambi ekolo||rowspan="2"|<small>MPR||<small>Abalusi nkombo naye na [[Joseph Mobutu|Mobutu Sese Seko]] |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[10 January]] [[1972]]'' to [[16 May]] [[1997]]||'''[[Joseph Mobutu|Mobutu Sese Seko]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo ||<small>''(contd.)''; awa likolo na nkombo [[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']] |- valign=top |colspan="4"|'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[17 May]] [[1997]] to ''[[29 May]] [[1997]]''||'''[[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi leta||rowspan="2"|<small>AFDL||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[29 May]] [[1997]]'' to [[16 January]] [[2001]]||'''[[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[17 January]] [[2001]] to ''[[26 January]] [[2001]]''||'''[[Joseph Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo a.i. ||rowspan="3"|<small> AFDL||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[26 January]] [[2001]]'' to lelo''||'''[[Joseph Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo||&nbsp; |} === Baparti:- === {{Baparti o Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa}} === See also:- === *[[Kongo]] **[[Molɔngɔ Bakambi bulamatari of the Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Bakambi bulamatari of the Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] **[[Bakambi ekolo o ntangu ya Ekolo ya bonsomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ]] **[[Molɔngɔ Bakambi ekolo o ntangu ya Congo Belge|Bakambi ekolo o ntangu ya Congo Belge]] *[[Zaire]] [[Category:Politics bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[fr:Présidents de la République démocratique du Congo]] [[en:Heads of State of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] 7225 2005-12-06T09:52:59Z Bombo 12 lionk Stanleyv. / mois en lingala [[en:Heads of State of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[fr:Présidents_de_la_République_démocratique_du_Congo]] [[Category:moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] Makomi oyo elandi elakisi liste ya '''bakambi ekolo''' oyo balandanaki o ekolo oyo eyebánákí kala na nkombo ya "Congo Belge", wuta lipanda elongamaki na [[Belgique|Ekolo Belgiki]] na mokolo [[1 juin|30 Juin]] [[1960]]. Bankombo nionso oyo Ekolo Kongo ezwaki banda lipanda, makomami mpe awa. {| border=1 style="border-collapse: collapse" |- align=left ! width="25%"|Kimokonzi ! width="20%"|Nkombo ! width="10%"|[[#Baparti:-|Parti]] ! width="20%"|Elembo |- valign=top |'''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ (Kinshasa)]]'''||colspan="3"|''Independence from [[Belgium]]'' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[1 yuli]] [[1960]] to [[1 ogusiti]] [[1964]]||'''[[Joseph Kasavubu]]''', <small>Mokambi leta||<small>[[Association des personnes de Bakongo|ABAKO]]||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[1 ogusiti]] [[1964]] to [[25 novɛmbɛ]] [[1965]]||'''[[Joseph Kasavubu]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo||<small>ABAKO||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[31 marsi]] [[1961]] to [[5 ogusiti]] [[1961]]||'''[[Antoine Gizenga]]''', <small>Mokambi leta||<small>MNC-L||<small>In rebellion, at [[Stanleyville]] |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[25 novɛmbɛ]] [[1965]] to ''[[1 yuli]] [[1966]]''||[[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']], <small>Mokambi ekolo||<small>Mil||&nbsp; |- valign=top |colspan="4"|'''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[1 yuli]] [[1966]]'' to ''[[1967]]''||rowspan="2"|[[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']], <small>Mokambi ekolo||<small>Mil||<small>''(contd.)'' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[1967]]'' to ''[[27 ɔkɔtɔbɛ]] [[1971]]''||<small>[[Mouvement Populaire Révolutionnaire|MRP]]||&nbsp; |- valign=top |colspan="4"|'''[[Zaire|Repubiliki ya Zaire]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[27 ɔkɔtɔbɛ]] [[1971]] to ''[[10 yanuari]] [[1972]]''||[[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']], <small>Mokambi ekolo||rowspan="2"|<small>MPR||<small>Abalusi nkombo naye na [[Joseph Mobutu|Mobutu Sese Seko]] |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[10 yanuari]] [[1972]]'' to [[16 mai]] [[1997]]||'''[[Joseph Mobutu|Mobutu Sese Seko]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo ||<small>''(contd.)''; awa likolo na nkombo [[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']] |- valign=top |colspan="4"|'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[17 mai]] [[1997]] to ''[[29 mai]] [[1997]]''||'''[[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi leta||rowspan="2"|<small>[[Alliance des Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Congo (Zaïre)|AFDL]]||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[29 mai]] [[1997]]'' to [[16 yanuari]] [[2001]]||'''[[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[17 yanuari]] [[2001]] to ''[[26 yanuari]] [[2001]]''||'''[[Joseph Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo a.i. ||rowspan="3"|<small> AFDL||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[26 yanuari]] [[2001]]'' to lelo''||'''[[Joseph Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo||&nbsp; |} === Baparti === {{Baparti o Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa}} === Tála mpé === *[[Kongo]] **[[Molɔngɔ Bakambi bulamatari of the Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Bakambi bulamatari of the Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] **[[Bakambi ekolo o ntangu ya Ekolo ya bonsomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ]] **[[Molɔngɔ Bakambi ekolo o ntangu ya Congo Belge|Bakambi ekolo o ntangu ya Congo Belge]] *[[Zaire]] [[Category:Politics bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[fr:Présidents de la République démocratique du Congo]] [[en:Heads of State of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] 7226 2005-12-06T10:01:00Z Bombo 12 Mabomí óyo elandi elakisi liste ya '''bakambi-mboka''' óyo balandanaki o ekólo óyo eyebanaki kala na nkómbó ya ''Bôngó Ebelé'', wuta lipánda elongamaki na [[Bɛ́ljika]] ([[Eropa]]) na mokóló [[30 yuni]] [[1960]]. Nkómbó nyɔ́nsɔ óyo Ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki ezwaki bandá lipánda, makomami mpé áwa. {| border=1 style="border-collapse: collapse" |- align=left ! width="25%"|Kimokonzi ! width="20%"|Nkombo ! width="10%"|[[#Baparti:-|Parti]] ! width="20%"|Elembo |- valign=top |'''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ (Kinshasa)]]'''||colspan="3"|''Independence from [[Belgium]]'' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[1 yuli]] [[1960]] to [[1 ogusiti]] [[1964]]||'''[[Joseph Kasavubu]]''', <small>Mokambi leta||<small>[[Association des personnes de Bakongo|ABAKO]]||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[1 ogusiti]] [[1964]] to [[25 novɛmbɛ]] [[1965]]||'''[[Joseph Kasavubu]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo||<small>ABAKO||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[31 marsi]] [[1961]] to [[5 ogusiti]] [[1961]]||'''[[Antoine Gizenga]]''', <small>Mokambi leta||<small>MNC-L||<small>In rebellion, at [[Stanleyville]] |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[25 novɛmbɛ]] [[1965]] to ''[[1 yuli]] [[1966]]''||[[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']], <small>Mokambi ekolo||<small>Mil||&nbsp; |- valign=top |colspan="4"|'''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[1 yuli]] [[1966]]'' to ''[[1967]]''||rowspan="2"|[[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']], <small>Mokambi ekolo||<small>Mil||<small>''(contd.)'' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[1967]]'' to ''[[27 ɔkɔtɔbɛ]] [[1971]]''||<small>[[Mouvement Populaire Révolutionnaire|MRP]]||&nbsp; |- valign=top |colspan="4"|'''[[Zaire|Repubiliki ya Zaire]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[27 ɔkɔtɔbɛ]] [[1971]] to ''[[10 yanuari]] [[1972]]''||[[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']], <small>Mokambi ekolo||rowspan="2"|<small>MPR||<small>Abalusi nkombo naye na [[Joseph Mobutu|Mobutu Sese Seko]] |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[10 yanuari]] [[1972]]'' to [[16 mai]] [[1997]]||'''[[Joseph Mobutu|Mobutu Sese Seko]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo ||<small>''(contd.)''; awa likolo na nkombo [[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']] |- valign=top |colspan="4"|'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[17 mai]] [[1997]] to ''[[29 mai]] [[1997]]''||'''[[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi leta||rowspan="2"|<small>[[Alliance des Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Congo (Zaïre)|AFDL]]||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[29 mai]] [[1997]]'' to [[16 yanuari]] [[2001]]||'''[[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[17 yanuari]] [[2001]] to ''[[26 yanuari]] [[2001]]''||'''[[Joseph Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo a.i. ||rowspan="3"|<small> AFDL||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[26 yanuari]] [[2001]]'' to lelo''||'''[[Joseph Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo||&nbsp; |} === Baparti === {{Baparti o Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa}} === Tála mpé === *[[Kongo]] **[[Molɔngɔ Bakambi bulamatari of the Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Bakambi bulamatari of the Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] **[[Bakambi ekolo o ntangu ya Ekolo ya bonsomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ]] **[[Molɔngɔ Bakambi ekolo o ntangu ya Congo Belge|Bakambi ekolo o ntangu ya Congo Belge]] *[[Zaire]] [[Category:Politics bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] [[fr:Présidents de la République démocratique du Congo]] [[en:Heads of State of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] 7322 2005-12-13T13:08:08Z 160.85.2.50 cat en>ln Mabomí óyo elandi elakisi liste ya '''bakambi-mboka''' óyo balandanaki o ekólo óyo eyebanaki kala na nkómbó ya ''Bôngó Ebelé'', wuta lipánda elongamaki na [[Bɛ́ljika]] ([[Eropa]]) na mokóló [[30 yuni]] [[1960]]. Nkómbó nyɔ́nsɔ óyo Ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki ezwaki bandá lipánda, makomami mpé áwa. {| border=1 style="border-collapse: collapse" |- align=left ! width="25%"|Kimokonzi ! width="20%"|Nkombo ! width="10%"|[[#Baparti:-|Parti]] ! width="20%"|Elembo |- valign=top |'''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ (Kinshasa)]]'''||colspan="3"|''Independence from [[Belgium]]'' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[1 yuli]] [[1960]] to [[1 ogusiti]] [[1964]]||'''[[Joseph Kasavubu]]''', <small>Mokambi leta||<small>[[Association des personnes de Bakongo|ABAKO]]||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[1 ogusiti]] [[1964]] to [[25 novɛmbɛ]] [[1965]]||'''[[Joseph Kasavubu]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo||<small>ABAKO||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[31 marsi]] [[1961]] to [[5 ogusiti]] [[1961]]||'''[[Antoine Gizenga]]''', <small>Mokambi leta||<small>MNC-L||<small>In rebellion, at [[Stanleyville]] |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[25 novɛmbɛ]] [[1965]] to ''[[1 yuli]] [[1966]]''||[[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']], <small>Mokambi ekolo||<small>Mil||&nbsp; |- valign=top |colspan="4"|'''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[1 yuli]] [[1966]]'' to ''[[1967]]''||rowspan="2"|[[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']], <small>Mokambi ekolo||<small>Mil||<small>''(contd.)'' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[1967]]'' to ''[[27 ɔkɔtɔbɛ]] [[1971]]''||<small>[[Mouvement Populaire Révolutionnaire|MRP]]||&nbsp; |- valign=top |colspan="4"|'''[[Zaire|Repubiliki ya Zaire]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[27 ɔkɔtɔbɛ]] [[1971]] to ''[[10 yanuari]] [[1972]]''||[[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']], <small>Mokambi ekolo||rowspan="2"|<small>MPR||<small>Abalusi nkombo naye na [[Joseph Mobutu|Mobutu Sese Seko]] |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[10 yanuari]] [[1972]]'' to [[16 mai]] [[1997]]||'''[[Joseph Mobutu|Mobutu Sese Seko]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo ||<small>''(contd.)''; awa likolo na nkombo [[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']] |- valign=top |colspan="4"|'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[17 mai]] [[1997]] to ''[[29 mai]] [[1997]]''||'''[[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi leta||rowspan="2"|<small>[[Alliance des Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Congo (Zaïre)|AFDL]]||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[29 mai]] [[1997]]'' to [[16 yanuari]] [[2001]]||'''[[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[17 yanuari]] [[2001]] to ''[[26 yanuari]] [[2001]]''||'''[[Joseph Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo a.i. ||rowspan="3"|<small> AFDL||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[26 yanuari]] [[2001]]'' to lelo''||'''[[Joseph Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo||&nbsp; |} === Baparti === {{Baparti o Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa}} === Tála mpé === *[[Kongo]] **[[Molɔngɔ Bakambi bulamatari of the Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Bakambi bulamatari of the Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] **[[Bakambi ekolo o ntangu ya Ekolo ya bonsomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ]] **[[Molɔngɔ Bakambi ekolo o ntangu ya Congo Belge|Bakambi ekolo o ntangu ya Congo Belge]] *[[Zaire]] [[Category:Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:moto wa politiki (Kongo-Kinshasa)]] [[fr:Présidents de la République démocratique du Congo]] [[en:Heads of State of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] 7328 2005-12-13T13:13:37Z 160.85.2.50 Mabomí óyo elandi elakisi liste ya '''bakambi-mboka''' óyo balandanaki o ekólo óyo eyebanaki kala na nkómbó ya ''Bôngó Ebelé'', wuta lipánda elongamaki na [[Bɛ́ljika]] ([[Eropa]]) na mokóló [[30 yuni]] [[1960]]. Nkómbó nyɔ́nsɔ óyo Ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki ezwaki bandá lipánda, makomami mpé áwa. {| border=1 style="border-collapse: collapse" |- align=left ! width="25%"|Kimokonzi ! width="20%"|Nkombo ! width="10%"|[[#Baparti:-|Parti]] ! width="20%"|Elembo |- valign=top |'''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ (Kinshasa)]]'''||colspan="3"|''Independence from [[Belgium]]'' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[1 yuli]] [[1960]] to [[1 ogusiti]] [[1964]]||'''[[Joseph Kasavubu]]''', <small>Mokambi leta||<small>[[Association des personnes de Bakongo|ABAKO]]||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[1 ogusiti]] [[1964]] to [[25 novɛmbɛ]] [[1965]]||'''[[Joseph Kasavubu]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo||<small>ABAKO||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[31 marsi]] [[1961]] to [[5 ogusiti]] [[1961]]||'''[[Antoine Gizenga]]''', <small>Mokambi leta||<small>MNC-L||<small>In rebellion, at [[Stanleyville]] |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[25 novɛmbɛ]] [[1965]] to ''[[1 yuli]] [[1966]]''||[[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']], <small>Mokambi ekolo||<small>Mil||&nbsp; |- valign=top |colspan="4"|'''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[1 yuli]] [[1966]]'' to ''[[1967]]''||rowspan="2"|[[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']], <small>Mokambi ekolo||<small>Mil||<small>''(contd.)'' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[1967]]'' to ''[[27 ɔkɔtɔbɛ]] [[1971]]''||<small>[[Mouvement Populaire Révolutionnaire|MRP]]||&nbsp; |- valign=top |colspan="4"|'''[[Zaire|Repubiliki ya Zaire]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[27 ɔkɔtɔbɛ]] [[1971]] to ''[[10 yanuari]] [[1972]]''||[[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']], <small>Mokambi ekolo||rowspan="2"|<small>MPR||<small>Abalusi nkombo naye na [[Joseph Mobutu|Mobutu Sese Seko]] |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[10 yanuari]] [[1972]]'' to [[16 mai]] [[1997]]||'''[[Joseph Mobutu|Mobutu Sese Seko]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo ||<small>''(contd.)''; awa likolo na nkombo [[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']] |- valign=top |colspan="4"|'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[17 mai]] [[1997]] to ''[[29 mai]] [[1997]]''||'''[[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi leta||rowspan="2"|<small>[[Alliance des Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Congo (Zaïre)|AFDL]]||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[29 mai]] [[1997]]'' to [[16 yanuari]] [[2001]]||'''[[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[17 yanuari]] [[2001]] to ''[[26 yanuari]] [[2001]]''||'''[[Joseph Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo a.i. ||rowspan="3"|<small> AFDL||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[26 yanuari]] [[2001]]'' to lelo''||'''[[Joseph Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo||&nbsp; |} === Baparti === {{Baparti o Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa}} === Tála mpé === *[[Kongo]] **[[Molɔngɔ Bakambi bulamatari of the Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Bakambi bulamatari of the Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] **[[Bakambi ekolo o ntangu ya Ekolo ya bonsomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ]] **[[Molɔngɔ Bakambi ekolo o ntangu ya Congo Belge|Bakambi ekolo o ntangu ya Congo Belge]] *[[Zaire]] [[Category:Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[fr:Présidents de la République démocratique du Congo]] [[en:Heads of State of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] 7944 2006-04-02T19:43:12Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: id Modifie: en, fr Mabomí óyo elandi elakisi liste ya '''bakambi-mboka''' óyo balandanaki o ekólo óyo eyebanaki kala na nkómbó ya ''Bôngó Ebelé'', wuta lipánda elongamaki na [[Bɛ́ljika]] ([[Eropa]]) na mokóló [[30 yuni]] [[1960]]. Nkómbó nyɔ́nsɔ óyo Ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki ezwaki bandá lipánda, makomami mpé áwa. {| border=1 style="border-collapse: collapse" |- align=left ! width="25%"|Kimokonzi ! width="20%"|Nkombo ! width="10%"|[[#Baparti:-|Parti]] ! width="20%"|Elembo |- valign=top |'''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ (Kinshasa)]]'''||colspan="3"|''Independence from [[Belgium]]'' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[1 yuli]] [[1960]] to [[1 ogusiti]] [[1964]]||'''[[Joseph Kasavubu]]''', <small>Mokambi leta||<small>[[Association des personnes de Bakongo|ABAKO]]||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[1 ogusiti]] [[1964]] to [[25 novɛmbɛ]] [[1965]]||'''[[Joseph Kasavubu]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo||<small>ABAKO||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[31 marsi]] [[1961]] to [[5 ogusiti]] [[1961]]||'''[[Antoine Gizenga]]''', <small>Mokambi leta||<small>MNC-L||<small>In rebellion, at [[Stanleyville]] |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[25 novɛmbɛ]] [[1965]] to ''[[1 yuli]] [[1966]]''||[[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']], <small>Mokambi ekolo||<small>Mil||&nbsp; |- valign=top |colspan="4"|'''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[1 yuli]] [[1966]]'' to ''[[1967]]''||rowspan="2"|[[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']], <small>Mokambi ekolo||<small>Mil||<small>''(contd.)'' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[1967]]'' to ''[[27 ɔkɔtɔbɛ]] [[1971]]''||<small>[[Mouvement Populaire Révolutionnaire|MRP]]||&nbsp; |- valign=top |colspan="4"|'''[[Zaire|Repubiliki ya Zaire]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[27 ɔkɔtɔbɛ]] [[1971]] to ''[[10 yanuari]] [[1972]]''||[[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']], <small>Mokambi ekolo||rowspan="2"|<small>MPR||<small>Abalusi nkombo naye na [[Joseph Mobutu|Mobutu Sese Seko]] |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[10 yanuari]] [[1972]]'' to [[16 mai]] [[1997]]||'''[[Joseph Mobutu|Mobutu Sese Seko]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo ||<small>''(contd.)''; awa likolo na nkombo [[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']] |- valign=top |colspan="4"|'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[17 mai]] [[1997]] to ''[[29 mai]] [[1997]]''||'''[[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi leta||rowspan="2"|<small>[[Alliance des Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Congo (Zaïre)|AFDL]]||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[29 mai]] [[1997]]'' to [[16 yanuari]] [[2001]]||'''[[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[17 yanuari]] [[2001]] to ''[[26 yanuari]] [[2001]]''||'''[[Joseph Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo a.i. ||rowspan="3"|<small> AFDL||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[26 yanuari]] [[2001]]'' to lelo''||'''[[Joseph Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo||&nbsp; |} === Baparti === {{Baparti o Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa}} === Tála mpé === *[[Kongo]] **[[Molɔngɔ Bakambi bulamatari of the Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Bakambi bulamatari of the Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] **[[Bakambi ekolo o ntangu ya Ekolo ya bonsomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ]] **[[Molɔngɔ Bakambi ekolo o ntangu ya Congo Belge|Bakambi ekolo o ntangu ya Congo Belge]] *[[Zaire]] [[Category:Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[en:Heads of state of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[fr:Liste des présidents de la République démocratique du Congo]] [[id:Presiden Republik Demokratik Kongo]] 8001 2006-04-15T18:55:08Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: sv Mabomí óyo elandi elakisi liste ya '''bakambi-mboka''' óyo balandanaki o ekólo óyo eyebanaki kala na nkómbó ya ''Bôngó Ebelé'', wuta lipánda elongamaki na [[Bɛ́ljika]] ([[Eropa]]) na mokóló [[30 yuni]] [[1960]]. Nkómbó nyɔ́nsɔ óyo Ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki ezwaki bandá lipánda, makomami mpé áwa. {| border=1 style="border-collapse: collapse" |- align=left ! width="25%"|Kimokonzi ! width="20%"|Nkombo ! width="10%"|[[#Baparti:-|Parti]] ! width="20%"|Elembo |- valign=top |'''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ (Kinshasa)]]'''||colspan="3"|''Independence from [[Belgium]]'' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[1 yuli]] [[1960]] to [[1 ogusiti]] [[1964]]||'''[[Joseph Kasavubu]]''', <small>Mokambi leta||<small>[[Association des personnes de Bakongo|ABAKO]]||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[1 ogusiti]] [[1964]] to [[25 novɛmbɛ]] [[1965]]||'''[[Joseph Kasavubu]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo||<small>ABAKO||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[31 marsi]] [[1961]] to [[5 ogusiti]] [[1961]]||'''[[Antoine Gizenga]]''', <small>Mokambi leta||<small>MNC-L||<small>In rebellion, at [[Stanleyville]] |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[25 novɛmbɛ]] [[1965]] to ''[[1 yuli]] [[1966]]''||[[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']], <small>Mokambi ekolo||<small>Mil||&nbsp; |- valign=top |colspan="4"|'''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[1 yuli]] [[1966]]'' to ''[[1967]]''||rowspan="2"|[[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']], <small>Mokambi ekolo||<small>Mil||<small>''(contd.)'' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[1967]]'' to ''[[27 ɔkɔtɔbɛ]] [[1971]]''||<small>[[Mouvement Populaire Révolutionnaire|MRP]]||&nbsp; |- valign=top |colspan="4"|'''[[Zaire|Repubiliki ya Zaire]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[27 ɔkɔtɔbɛ]] [[1971]] to ''[[10 yanuari]] [[1972]]''||[[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']], <small>Mokambi ekolo||rowspan="2"|<small>MPR||<small>Abalusi nkombo naye na [[Joseph Mobutu|Mobutu Sese Seko]] |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[10 yanuari]] [[1972]]'' to [[16 mai]] [[1997]]||'''[[Joseph Mobutu|Mobutu Sese Seko]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo ||<small>''(contd.)''; awa likolo na nkombo [[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']] |- valign=top |colspan="4"|'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[17 mai]] [[1997]] to ''[[29 mai]] [[1997]]''||'''[[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi leta||rowspan="2"|<small>[[Alliance des Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Congo (Zaïre)|AFDL]]||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[29 mai]] [[1997]]'' to [[16 yanuari]] [[2001]]||'''[[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[17 yanuari]] [[2001]] to ''[[26 yanuari]] [[2001]]''||'''[[Joseph Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo a.i. ||rowspan="3"|<small> AFDL||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[26 yanuari]] [[2001]]'' to lelo''||'''[[Joseph Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo||&nbsp; |} === Baparti === {{Baparti o Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa}} === Tála mpé === *[[Kongo]] **[[Molɔngɔ Bakambi bulamatari of the Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Bakambi bulamatari of the Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] **[[Bakambi ekolo o ntangu ya Ekolo ya bonsomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ]] **[[Molɔngɔ Bakambi ekolo o ntangu ya Congo Belge|Bakambi ekolo o ntangu ya Congo Belge]] *[[Zaire]] [[Category:Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[en:Heads of state of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[fr:Liste des présidents de la République démocratique du Congo]] [[id:Presiden Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[sv:Lista över Demokratiska republiken Kongos presidenter]] 8269 2006-05-29T09:46:08Z Moyogo 11 [[Molɔngɔ ya Bakambi ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] moved to [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] Mabomí óyo elandi elakisi liste ya '''bakambi-mboka''' óyo balandanaki o ekólo óyo eyebanaki kala na nkómbó ya ''Bôngó Ebelé'', wuta lipánda elongamaki na [[Bɛ́ljika]] ([[Eropa]]) na mokóló [[30 yuni]] [[1960]]. Nkómbó nyɔ́nsɔ óyo Ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki ezwaki bandá lipánda, makomami mpé áwa. {| border=1 style="border-collapse: collapse" |- align=left ! width="25%"|Kimokonzi ! width="20%"|Nkombo ! width="10%"|[[#Baparti:-|Parti]] ! width="20%"|Elembo |- valign=top |'''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ (Kinshasa)]]'''||colspan="3"|''Independence from [[Belgium]]'' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[1 yuli]] [[1960]] to [[1 ogusiti]] [[1964]]||'''[[Joseph Kasavubu]]''', <small>Mokambi leta||<small>[[Association des personnes de Bakongo|ABAKO]]||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[1 ogusiti]] [[1964]] to [[25 novɛmbɛ]] [[1965]]||'''[[Joseph Kasavubu]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo||<small>ABAKO||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[31 marsi]] [[1961]] to [[5 ogusiti]] [[1961]]||'''[[Antoine Gizenga]]''', <small>Mokambi leta||<small>MNC-L||<small>In rebellion, at [[Stanleyville]] |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[25 novɛmbɛ]] [[1965]] to ''[[1 yuli]] [[1966]]''||[[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']], <small>Mokambi ekolo||<small>Mil||&nbsp; |- valign=top |colspan="4"|'''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[1 yuli]] [[1966]]'' to ''[[1967]]''||rowspan="2"|[[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']], <small>Mokambi ekolo||<small>Mil||<small>''(contd.)'' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[1967]]'' to ''[[27 ɔkɔtɔbɛ]] [[1971]]''||<small>[[Mouvement Populaire Révolutionnaire|MRP]]||&nbsp; |- valign=top |colspan="4"|'''[[Zaire|Repubiliki ya Zaire]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[27 ɔkɔtɔbɛ]] [[1971]] to ''[[10 yanuari]] [[1972]]''||[[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']], <small>Mokambi ekolo||rowspan="2"|<small>MPR||<small>Abalusi nkombo naye na [[Joseph Mobutu|Mobutu Sese Seko]] |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[10 yanuari]] [[1972]]'' to [[16 mai]] [[1997]]||'''[[Joseph Mobutu|Mobutu Sese Seko]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo ||<small>''(contd.)''; awa likolo na nkombo [[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']] |- valign=top |colspan="4"|'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[17 mai]] [[1997]] to ''[[29 mai]] [[1997]]''||'''[[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi leta||rowspan="2"|<small>[[Alliance des Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Congo (Zaïre)|AFDL]]||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[29 mai]] [[1997]]'' to [[16 yanuari]] [[2001]]||'''[[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[17 yanuari]] [[2001]] to ''[[26 yanuari]] [[2001]]''||'''[[Joseph Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo a.i. ||rowspan="3"|<small> AFDL||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[26 yanuari]] [[2001]]'' to lelo''||'''[[Joseph Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo||&nbsp; |} === Baparti === {{Baparti o Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa}} === Tála mpé === *[[Kongo]] **[[Molɔngɔ Bakambi bulamatari of the Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Bakambi bulamatari of the Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] **[[Bakambi ekolo o ntangu ya Ekolo ya bonsomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ]] **[[Molɔngɔ Bakambi ekolo o ntangu ya Congo Belge|Bakambi ekolo o ntangu ya Congo Belge]] *[[Zaire]] [[Category:Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[en:Heads of state of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[fr:Liste des présidents de la République démocratique du Congo]] [[id:Presiden Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[sv:Lista över Demokratiska republiken Kongos presidenter]] 8275 2006-05-29T09:48:14Z Moyogo 11 [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] moved to [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] Mabomí óyo elandi elakisi liste ya '''bakambi-mboka''' óyo balandanaki o ekólo óyo eyebanaki kala na nkómbó ya ''Bôngó Ebelé'', wuta lipánda elongamaki na [[Bɛ́ljika]] ([[Eropa]]) na mokóló [[30 yuni]] [[1960]]. Nkómbó nyɔ́nsɔ óyo Ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki ezwaki bandá lipánda, makomami mpé áwa. {| border=1 style="border-collapse: collapse" |- align=left ! width="25%"|Kimokonzi ! width="20%"|Nkombo ! width="10%"|[[#Baparti:-|Parti]] ! width="20%"|Elembo |- valign=top |'''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ (Kinshasa)]]'''||colspan="3"|''Independence from [[Belgium]]'' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[1 yuli]] [[1960]] to [[1 ogusiti]] [[1964]]||'''[[Joseph Kasavubu]]''', <small>Mokambi leta||<small>[[Association des personnes de Bakongo|ABAKO]]||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[1 ogusiti]] [[1964]] to [[25 novɛmbɛ]] [[1965]]||'''[[Joseph Kasavubu]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo||<small>ABAKO||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[31 marsi]] [[1961]] to [[5 ogusiti]] [[1961]]||'''[[Antoine Gizenga]]''', <small>Mokambi leta||<small>MNC-L||<small>In rebellion, at [[Stanleyville]] |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[25 novɛmbɛ]] [[1965]] to ''[[1 yuli]] [[1966]]''||[[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']], <small>Mokambi ekolo||<small>Mil||&nbsp; |- valign=top |colspan="4"|'''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[1 yuli]] [[1966]]'' to ''[[1967]]''||rowspan="2"|[[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']], <small>Mokambi ekolo||<small>Mil||<small>''(contd.)'' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[1967]]'' to ''[[27 ɔkɔtɔbɛ]] [[1971]]''||<small>[[Mouvement Populaire Révolutionnaire|MRP]]||&nbsp; |- valign=top |colspan="4"|'''[[Zaire|Repubiliki ya Zaire]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[27 ɔkɔtɔbɛ]] [[1971]] to ''[[10 yanuari]] [[1972]]''||[[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']], <small>Mokambi ekolo||rowspan="2"|<small>MPR||<small>Abalusi nkombo naye na [[Joseph Mobutu|Mobutu Sese Seko]] |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[10 yanuari]] [[1972]]'' to [[16 mai]] [[1997]]||'''[[Joseph Mobutu|Mobutu Sese Seko]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo ||<small>''(contd.)''; awa likolo na nkombo [[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']] |- valign=top |colspan="4"|'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[17 mai]] [[1997]] to ''[[29 mai]] [[1997]]''||'''[[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi leta||rowspan="2"|<small>[[Alliance des Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Congo (Zaïre)|AFDL]]||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[29 mai]] [[1997]]'' to [[16 yanuari]] [[2001]]||'''[[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[17 yanuari]] [[2001]] to ''[[26 yanuari]] [[2001]]''||'''[[Joseph Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo a.i. ||rowspan="3"|<small> AFDL||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[26 yanuari]] [[2001]]'' to lelo''||'''[[Joseph Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo||&nbsp; |} === Baparti === {{Baparti o Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa}} === Tála mpé === *[[Kongo]] **[[Molɔngɔ Bakambi bulamatari of the Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Bakambi bulamatari of the Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] **[[Bakambi ekolo o ntangu ya Ekolo ya bonsomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ]] **[[Molɔngɔ Bakambi ekolo o ntangu ya Congo Belge|Bakambi ekolo o ntangu ya Congo Belge]] *[[Zaire]] [[Category:Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[en:Heads of state of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[fr:Liste des présidents de la République démocratique du Congo]] [[id:Presiden Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[sv:Lista över Demokratiska republiken Kongos presidenter]] 8395 2006-06-13T23:50:38Z Moyogo 11 Mabomí óyo elandi elakisi liste ya '''bakambi-mboka''' óyo balandanaki o ekólo óyo eyebanaki kala na nkómbó ya ''Bôngó Ebelé'', wuta lipánda elongamaki na [[Bɛ́ljika]] ([[Eropa]]) na mokóló [[30 yuni]] [[1960]]. Nkómbó nyɔ́nsɔ óyo Ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki ezwaki bandá lipánda, makomami mpé áwa. {| border=1 style="border-collapse: collapse" |- align=left ! width="25%"|Kimokonzi ! width="20%"|Nkombo ! width="10%"|[[#Baparti:-|Parti]] ! width="20%"|Elembo |- valign=top |'''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ (Kinshasa)]]'''||colspan="3"|''Independence from [[Belgium]]'' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[1 yuli]] [[1960]] to [[1 ogusiti]] [[1964]]||'''[[Joseph Kasa-vubu]]''', <small>Mokambi leta||<small>[[Association des personnes de Bakongo|ABAKO]]||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[1 ogusiti]] [[1964]] to [[25 novɛmbɛ]] [[1965]]||'''[[Joseph Kasa-vubu]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo||<small>ABAKO||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[31 marsi]] [[1961]] to [[5 ogusiti]] [[1961]]||'''[[Antoine Gizenga]]''', <small>Mokambi leta||<small>MNC-L||<small>In rebellion, at [[Stanleyville]] |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[25 novɛmbɛ]] [[1965]] to ''[[1 yuli]] [[1966]]''||[[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']], <small>Mokambi ekolo||<small>Mil||&nbsp; |- valign=top |colspan="4"|'''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[1 yuli]] [[1966]]'' to ''[[1967]]''||rowspan="2"|[[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']], <small>Mokambi ekolo||<small>Mil||<small>''(contd.)'' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[1967]]'' to ''[[27 ɔkɔtɔbɛ]] [[1971]]''||<small>[[Mouvement Populaire Révolutionnaire|MRP]]||&nbsp; |- valign=top |colspan="4"|'''[[Zaire|Repubiliki ya Zaire]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[27 ɔkɔtɔbɛ]] [[1971]] to ''[[10 yanuari]] [[1972]]''||[[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']], <small>Mokambi ekolo||rowspan="2"|<small>MPR||<small>Abalusi nkombo naye na [[Joseph Mobutu|Mobutu Sese Seko]] |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[10 yanuari]] [[1972]]'' to [[16 mai]] [[1997]]||'''[[Joseph Mobutu|Mobutu Sese Seko]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo ||<small>''(contd.)''; awa likolo na nkombo [[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']] |- valign=top |colspan="4"|'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[17 mai]] [[1997]] to ''[[29 mai]] [[1997]]''||'''[[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi leta||rowspan="2"|<small>[[Alliance des Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Congo (Zaïre)|AFDL]]||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[29 mai]] [[1997]]'' to [[16 yanuari]] [[2001]]||'''[[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[17 yanuari]] [[2001]] to ''[[26 yanuari]] [[2001]]''||'''[[Joseph Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo a.i. ||rowspan="3"|<small> AFDL||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[26 yanuari]] [[2001]]'' to lelo''||'''[[Joseph Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo||&nbsp; |} === Baparti === {{Baparti o Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa}} === Tála mpé === *[[Kongo]] **[[Molɔngɔ Bakambi bulamatari of the Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Bakambi bulamatari of the Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] **[[Bakambi ekolo o ntangu ya Ekolo ya bonsomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ]] **[[Molɔngɔ Bakambi ekolo o ntangu ya Congo Belge|Bakambi ekolo o ntangu ya Congo Belge]] *[[Zaire]] [[Category:Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[en:Heads of state of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[fr:Liste des présidents de la République démocratique du Congo]] [[id:Presiden Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[sv:Lista över Demokratiska republiken Kongos presidenter]] 8396 2006-06-13T23:50:55Z Moyogo 11 Mabomí óyo elandi elakisi liste ya '''bakambi-mboka''' óyo balandanaki o ekólo óyo eyebanaki kala na nkómbó ya ''Bôngó Ebelé'', wuta lipánda elongamaki na [[Bɛ́ljika]] ([[Eropa]]) na mokóló [[30 yuni]] [[1960]]. Nkómbó nyɔ́nsɔ óyo Ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki ezwaki bandá lipánda, makomami mpé áwa. {| border=1 style="border-collapse: collapse" |- align=left ! width="25%"|Kimokonzi ! width="20%"|Nkombo ! width="10%"|[[#Baparti:-|Parti]] ! width="20%"|Elembo |- valign=top |'''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ (Kinshasa)]]'''||colspan="3"|''Independence from [[Belgium]]'' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[1 yuli]] [[1960]] to [[1 ogusiti]] [[1964]]||'''[[Joseph Kasa-Vubu]]''', <small>Mokambi leta||<small>[[Association des personnes de Bakongo|ABAKO]]||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[1 ogusiti]] [[1964]] to [[25 novɛmbɛ]] [[1965]]||'''[[Joseph Kasa-Vubu]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo||<small>ABAKO||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[31 marsi]] [[1961]] to [[5 ogusiti]] [[1961]]||'''[[Antoine Gizenga]]''', <small>Mokambi leta||<small>MNC-L||<small>In rebellion, at [[Stanleyville]] |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[25 novɛmbɛ]] [[1965]] to ''[[1 yuli]] [[1966]]''||[[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']], <small>Mokambi ekolo||<small>Mil||&nbsp; |- valign=top |colspan="4"|'''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[1 yuli]] [[1966]]'' to ''[[1967]]''||rowspan="2"|[[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']], <small>Mokambi ekolo||<small>Mil||<small>''(contd.)'' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[1967]]'' to ''[[27 ɔkɔtɔbɛ]] [[1971]]''||<small>[[Mouvement Populaire Révolutionnaire|MRP]]||&nbsp; |- valign=top |colspan="4"|'''[[Zaire|Repubiliki ya Zaire]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[27 ɔkɔtɔbɛ]] [[1971]] to ''[[10 yanuari]] [[1972]]''||[[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']], <small>Mokambi ekolo||rowspan="2"|<small>MPR||<small>Abalusi nkombo naye na [[Joseph Mobutu|Mobutu Sese Seko]] |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[10 yanuari]] [[1972]]'' to [[16 mai]] [[1997]]||'''[[Joseph Mobutu|Mobutu Sese Seko]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo ||<small>''(contd.)''; awa likolo na nkombo [[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']] |- valign=top |colspan="4"|'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[17 mai]] [[1997]] to ''[[29 mai]] [[1997]]''||'''[[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi leta||rowspan="2"|<small>[[Alliance des Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Congo (Zaïre)|AFDL]]||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[29 mai]] [[1997]]'' to [[16 yanuari]] [[2001]]||'''[[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[17 yanuari]] [[2001]] to ''[[26 yanuari]] [[2001]]''||'''[[Joseph Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo a.i. ||rowspan="3"|<small> AFDL||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[26 yanuari]] [[2001]]'' to lelo''||'''[[Joseph Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo||&nbsp; |} === Baparti === {{Baparti o Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa}} === Tála mpé === *[[Kongo]] **[[Molɔngɔ Bakambi bulamatari of the Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Bakambi bulamatari of the Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] **[[Bakambi ekolo o ntangu ya Ekolo ya bonsomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ]] **[[Molɔngɔ Bakambi ekolo o ntangu ya Congo Belge|Bakambi ekolo o ntangu ya Congo Belge]] *[[Zaire]] [[Category:Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[en:Heads of state of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[fr:Liste des présidents de la République démocratique du Congo]] [[id:Presiden Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[sv:Lista över Demokratiska republiken Kongos presidenter]] 8418 2006-06-14T11:27:10Z Moyogo 11 Mabomí óyo elandi elakisi liste ya '''bakambi-mboka''' óyo balandanaki o ekólo óyo eyebanaki kala na nkómbó ya ''Bôngó Ebelé'', wuta lipánda elongamaki na [[Bɛ́ljika]] ([[Eropa]]) na mokóló [[30 yuni]] [[1960]]. Nkómbó nyɔ́nsɔ óyo Ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki ezwaki bandá lipánda, makomami mpé áwa. {| border=1 style="border-collapse: collapse" |- align=left ! width="25%"|Mokonzi ! width="20%"|Nkómbó ! width="10%"|[[#Baparti:-|Parti]] ! width="20%"|Elembo |- valign=top |'''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ (Kinshasa)]]'''||colspan="3"|''Independence from [[Belgium]]'' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[1 yuli]] [[1960]] to [[1 ogusiti]] [[1964]]||'''[[Joseph Kasa-Vubu]]''', <small>Mokambi leta||<small>[[Association des personnes de Bakongo|ABAKO]]||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[1 ogusiti]] [[1964]] to [[25 novɛmbɛ]] [[1965]]||'''[[Joseph Kasa-Vubu]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo||<small>ABAKO||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[31 marsi]] [[1961]] to [[5 ogusiti]] [[1961]]||'''[[Antoine Gizenga]]''', <small>Mokambi leta||<small>MNC-L||<small>In rebellion, at [[Stanleyville]] |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[25 novɛmbɛ]] [[1965]] to ''[[1 yuli]] [[1966]]''||[[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']], <small>Mokambi ekolo||<small>Mil||&nbsp; |- valign=top |colspan="4"|'''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[1 yuli]] [[1966]]'' to ''[[1967]]''||rowspan="2"|[[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']], <small>Mokambi ekolo||<small>Mil||<small>''(contd.)'' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[1967]]'' to ''[[27 ɔkɔtɔbɛ]] [[1971]]''||<small>[[Mouvement Populaire Révolutionnaire|MRP]]||&nbsp; |- valign=top |colspan="4"|'''[[Zaire|Repubiliki ya Zaire]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[27 ɔkɔtɔbɛ]] [[1971]] to ''[[10 yanuari]] [[1972]]''||[[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']], <small>Mokambi ekolo||rowspan="2"|<small>MPR||<small>Abalusi nkombo naye na [[Joseph Mobutu|Mobutu Sese Seko]] |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[10 yanuari]] [[1972]]'' to [[16 mai]] [[1997]]||'''[[Joseph Mobutu|Mobutu Sese Seko]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo ||<small>''(contd.)''; awa likolo na nkombo [[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']] |- valign=top |colspan="4"|'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[17 mai]] [[1997]] to ''[[29 mai]] [[1997]]''||'''[[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi leta||rowspan="2"|<small>[[Alliance des Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Congo (Zaïre)|AFDL]]||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[29 mai]] [[1997]]'' to [[16 yanuari]] [[2001]]||'''[[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[17 yanuari]] [[2001]] to ''[[26 yanuari]] [[2001]]''||'''[[Joseph Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo a.i. ||rowspan="3"|<small> AFDL||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[26 yanuari]] [[2001]]'' to lelo''||'''[[Joseph Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo||&nbsp; |} === Baparti === {{Baparti o Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa}} === Tála mpé === *[[Kongo]] **[[Molɔngɔ Bakambi bulamatari of the Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Bakambi bulamatari of the Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] **[[Bakambi ekolo o ntangu ya Ekolo ya bonsomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ]] **[[Molɔngɔ Bakambi ekolo o ntangu ya Congo Belge|Bakambi ekolo o ntangu ya Congo Belge]] *[[Zaire]] [[Category:Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[en:Heads of state of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[fr:Liste des présidents de la République démocratique du Congo]] [[id:Presiden Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[sv:Lista över Demokratiska republiken Kongos presidenter]] 8998 2006-08-02T05:29:08Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국의 대통령]] Mabomí óyo elandi elakisi liste ya '''bakambi-mboka''' óyo balandanaki o ekólo óyo eyebanaki kala na nkómbó ya ''Bôngó Ebelé'', wuta lipánda elongamaki na [[Bɛ́ljika]] ([[Eropa]]) na mokóló [[30 yuni]] [[1960]]. Nkómbó nyɔ́nsɔ óyo Ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki ezwaki bandá lipánda, makomami mpé áwa. {| border=1 style="border-collapse: collapse" |- align=left ! width="25%"|Mokonzi ! width="20%"|Nkómbó ! width="10%"|[[#Baparti:-|Parti]] ! width="20%"|Elembo |- valign=top |'''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ (Kinshasa)]]'''||colspan="3"|''Independence from [[Belgium]]'' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[1 yuli]] [[1960]] to [[1 ogusiti]] [[1964]]||'''[[Joseph Kasa-Vubu]]''', <small>Mokambi leta||<small>[[Association des personnes de Bakongo|ABAKO]]||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[1 ogusiti]] [[1964]] to [[25 novɛmbɛ]] [[1965]]||'''[[Joseph Kasa-Vubu]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo||<small>ABAKO||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[31 marsi]] [[1961]] to [[5 ogusiti]] [[1961]]||'''[[Antoine Gizenga]]''', <small>Mokambi leta||<small>MNC-L||<small>In rebellion, at [[Stanleyville]] |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[25 novɛmbɛ]] [[1965]] to ''[[1 yuli]] [[1966]]''||[[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']], <small>Mokambi ekolo||<small>Mil||&nbsp; |- valign=top |colspan="4"|'''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[1 yuli]] [[1966]]'' to ''[[1967]]''||rowspan="2"|[[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']], <small>Mokambi ekolo||<small>Mil||<small>''(contd.)'' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[1967]]'' to ''[[27 ɔkɔtɔbɛ]] [[1971]]''||<small>[[Mouvement Populaire Révolutionnaire|MRP]]||&nbsp; |- valign=top |colspan="4"|'''[[Zaire|Repubiliki ya Zaire]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[27 ɔkɔtɔbɛ]] [[1971]] to ''[[10 yanuari]] [[1972]]''||[[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']], <small>Mokambi ekolo||rowspan="2"|<small>MPR||<small>Abalusi nkombo naye na [[Joseph Mobutu|Mobutu Sese Seko]] |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[10 yanuari]] [[1972]]'' to [[16 mai]] [[1997]]||'''[[Joseph Mobutu|Mobutu Sese Seko]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo ||<small>''(contd.)''; awa likolo na nkombo [[Joseph Mobutu|'''Joseph'''-Désiré '''Mobutu''']] |- valign=top |colspan="4"|'''[[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[17 mai]] [[1997]] to ''[[29 mai]] [[1997]]''||'''[[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi leta||rowspan="2"|<small>[[Alliance des Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Congo (Zaïre)|AFDL]]||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[29 mai]] [[1997]]'' to [[16 yanuari]] [[2001]]||'''[[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>[[17 yanuari]] [[2001]] to ''[[26 yanuari]] [[2001]]''||'''[[Joseph Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo a.i. ||rowspan="3"|<small> AFDL||&nbsp; |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''[[26 yanuari]] [[2001]]'' to lelo''||'''[[Joseph Kabila]]''', <small>Mokambi ekolo||&nbsp; |} === Baparti === {{Baparti o Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa}} === Tála mpé === *[[Kongo]] **[[Molɔngɔ Bakambi bulamatari of the Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Bakambi bulamatari of the Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] **[[Bakambi ekolo o ntangu ya Ekolo ya bonsomi ya Kɔ́ngɔ]] **[[Molɔngɔ Bakambi ekolo o ntangu ya Congo Belge|Bakambi ekolo o ntangu ya Congo Belge]] *[[Zaire]] [[Category:Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[en:Heads of state of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[fr:Liste des présidents de la République démocratique du Congo]] [[id:Presiden Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국의 대통령]] [[sv:Lista över Demokratiska republiken Kongos presidenter]] Template:Baparti o Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa 1609 5451 2005-07-19T00:06:23Z Themalau 22 <br clear=all> {| style="margin:0 auto;" id=toc cellpadding=1 ! width="7%"| |- valign=top |rowspan="2"|<small>'''AFDL'''||<small>'''[[Alliance des Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Congo (Zaïre)]]''' |- valign=top |<small>([[Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo (Zaïre)]] ''only legal party from 1997, [[Laurent Kabila]] personalist'' |- valign=top |rowspan="2"|<small>'''UDPS'''||<small>'''[[Union Démocratique pour Progrès Social]]''' |- valign=top |<small>([[Democratic Union for the Social Progress]]) |- valign=top |rowspan="2"|<small>'''UFERI'''||<small>'''[[Union des Fédéralistes Et des Républicains Indépendants]]''' |- valign=top |<small>([[Union of Independent Federalists and Republicans]]) |- valign=top |rowspan="2"|<small>'''ABAKO'''||<small>'''[[Association des personnes de Bakongo]]''' |- valign=top |<small>([[Association of the Bakongo People]]) |- valign=top |rowspan="2"|<small>'''BALUBAKAT'''||<small>'''[[Baluba Association Générale des Personnes de Baluba de Katanga]]''' |- valign=top |<small>([[General Association of the Baluba People of Katanga]]) |- valign=top |rowspan="2"|<small>'''CONAKAT'''||<small>'''[[Confédération des Associations de Katanga Tribales]]''' |- valign=top |<small>([[Confederation of Tribal Associations of Katanga]]) |- valign=top |rowspan="2"|<small>'''MNC-L'''||<small>'''[[Mouvement National Congolais-Lumumba]]''' |- valign=top |<small>([[Congolese National Movement, Lumumba faction]]) |- valign=top |rowspan="2"|<small>'''MNC-K'''||<small>'''[[Mouvement National Congolais-Kalonji]]''' |- valign=top |<small>([[Congolese National Movement, Kalonji faction]]) |- valign=top |rowspan="2" valign=top|<small>'''MPR'''||<small>'''[[Mouvement Populaire Révolutionnaire]]''' |- valign=top |<small>([[Popular Revolutionary Movement]]) ''Mobuto personalist, only legal party [[10 April|10 Apr]] 1967-Jan [[1991]]'' |- valign=top |<small>'''Mil'''||<small>Military |- | colspan=2 align=right | <small>{{ed|Political Affiliations: Congo/Kinshasa/Zaire|this box}}</small> |} Joseph Mobutu 1610 5454 2005-07-19T00:16:13Z Themalau 22 #REDIRECT:[[Mobutu Sese Seko]] Template:Ed 1611 5455 2005-07-19T00:29:00Z 199.8.238.219 <small class="editlink noprint">[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:Template:{{{1}}}|action=edit}} edit {{{2}}}]</small> Template:HistoireRDC 1612 5456 2005-07-20T16:57:33Z 199.8.236.60 {| cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="float:right; margin:5px; border:3px #396BAD solid;" |style="border-bottom:3px #396BAD solid; background:#ffffff;"|[[Image:Congo democratic flag medium.png|center|90px|DRC flag]]<small><center>Cet article fait partie de la série<br>'''[[Histoire de la République démocratique du Congo|Histoire de la RD Congo]]'''</center></small> |- |[[Congo précolonial|Congo précolonial]]<br><small> (-1867)</small><br>[[Colonisation du Congo|Colonisation du Congo]]<br><small> (1867-1885)</small><br>[[État indépendant du Congo|État indépendant du Congo]]<br><small> (1885-1908)</small><br>[[Congo belge]]<br><small> (1908-1960)</small><br>[[Crise congolaise|1<sup>ère<sup> République]]<br><small>Indépendance (1960-1965)</small><br>[[Zaïre|2<sup>ème</sup> République]]<br><small>Zaïre (1965-1996)</small><br>[[Première guerre du Congo]]<br><small> (1996-1998)</small><br>[[Deuxième guerre du Congo]]<br><small> (1998-2003)</small><br>[[Gouvernement de transition de la République démocratique du Congo|Gouvernement de transition]]<br><small> (2003-)</small> |- |<small><u>Articles connexes : </u></small><br>[[Historique des divisions administratives de la République démocratique du Congo|Divisions administratives<br> de la RD Congo]] |} Template:Babel-6 1613 5460 2005-07-21T15:09:43Z Bombo 12 {| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px" |- | style="text-align: center" | '''[[Wikipédia:Babel]]''' |- | {{User {{{1}}}}} |- | {{User {{{2}}}}} |- | {{User {{{3}}}}} |- | {{User {{{4}}}}} |- | {{User {{{5}}}}} |- | {{User {{{6}}}}} |} 7160 2005-12-03T23:08:10Z Moyogo 11 {| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px" |- | style="text-align: center" | '''[[Wikipedia:Babel]]''' |- | {{User {{{1}}}}} |- | {{User {{{2}}}}} |- | {{User {{{3}}}}} |- | {{User {{{4}}}}} |- | {{User {{{5}}}}} |- | {{User {{{6}}}}} |} User talk:Themalau 1614 5461 2005-07-21T15:49:19Z Bombo 12 Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions! Dear Themalau, Thank you very much for your contributions. I'looking forward for the rest of the translation from English to Lingalá. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:49, 21 yuli 2005 (UTC) 5747 2005-07-27T06:08:05Z Moyogo 11 Mbɔ́tɛ! Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions! Dear Themalau, Thank you very much for your contributions. I'looking forward for the rest of the translation from English to Lingalá. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:49, 21 yuli 2005 (UTC) == Mbɔ́tɛ! == Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions, c'est vraiment génial. Si tu as besoin d'aide ou des questions n'hésite surtout pas. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 5847 2005-07-31T07:34:26Z Moyogo 11 questions ortho Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions! Dear Themalau, Thank you very much for your contributions. I'looking forward for the rest of the translation from English to Lingalá. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:49, 21 yuli 2005 (UTC) == Mbɔ́tɛ! == Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions, c'est vraiment génial. Si tu as besoin d'aide ou des questions n'hésite surtout pas. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Orthographe lingala == Merci beaucoup pour tes articles Themalau, je t'encourage à continuer. Je possède deux dictionnaires lingalas (mais je suis pour l'instant en voyage). Je suis en train de monter une liste pour un correcteur d'orthographe. L'orthographe pour le Congo est Kɔ́ngɔ, mais on peut toujours revérifier avec plusieurs sources. À propos de [[Kimokristo]], dans mes notes, j'ai bokristu et boklísto. Kimokristo me semble bizarre car il y a le préfix mo- précéder par le préfix ki- qui n'est pas habituel en lingala. Mokristo étant le terme désignant un « chrétien » , je me trompe ? Pour le christianisme, l'islam et le judaïsme ne devrait-on pas avoir [[boklisto]] (ou bokristo), [[boislamu]] et [[boyuda]]? Avec moklisto (ou mokristo), moislamu et moyuda pour les croyants respectifs ? Je me suis permis de modifier "ba komini" en "bakomini", tu veux bien dire communes (au pluriel)? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 07:34, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) 5848 2005-07-31T07:46:20Z Moyogo 11 /* Orthographe lingala */ Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions! Dear Themalau, Thank you very much for your contributions. I'looking forward for the rest of the translation from English to Lingalá. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:49, 21 yuli 2005 (UTC) == Mbɔ́tɛ! == Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions, c'est vraiment génial. Si tu as besoin d'aide ou des questions n'hésite surtout pas. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Orthographe lingala == Merci beaucoup pour tes articles Themalau, je t'encourage à continuer. Je possède deux dictionnaires lingalas (mais je suis pour l'instant en voyage). Je suis en train de monter une liste pour un correcteur d'orthographe. L'orthographe pour le Congo est Kɔ́ngɔ, mais on peut toujours revérifier avec plusieurs sources. À propos de [[Kimokristo]], dans mes notes, j'ai bokristu et boklísto. Kimokristo me semble bizarre car il y a le préfixe mo- précéder par le préfixe ki- qui n'est pas habituel en lingala. Mokristo étant le terme désignant un « chrétien » , je me trompe ? Pour le christianisme, l'islam et le judaïsme ne devrait-on pas avoir [[boklisto]] (ou bokristo), [[boislamu]] et [[boyuda]]? Avec moklisto (ou mokristo), moislamu et moyuda pour les croyants respectifs ? Je me suis permis de modifier "ba komini" en "bakomini", tu veux bien dire communes (au pluriel)? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 07:34, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Ah, j'oubliais, pour la langue grec, n'est-ce pas [[ligresi]] au lieu de kigresi. Le préfixe ki- me semble vraiment plus likongo que lingala, les classes de mots lingalas que je connais étant composé de mo-, ba-, mi-, li-, ma-, e-, bi-, n- ou m-, lo-, bo-, ko- ou sans préfixe. La racine étant gresi, ki+gresi ne me semble donc pas "classique". ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 07:46, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) 5904 2005-07-31T18:17:55Z Themalau 22 Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions! Dear Themalau, Thank you very much for your contributions. I'looking forward for the rest of the translation from English to Lingalá. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:49, 21 yuli 2005 (UTC) == Mbɔ́tɛ! == Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions, c'est vraiment génial. Si tu as besoin d'aide ou des questions n'hésite surtout pas. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Orthographe lingala == Merci beaucoup pour tes articles Themalau, je t'encourage à continuer. Je possède deux dictionnaires lingalas (mais je suis pour l'instant en voyage). Je suis en train de monter une liste pour un correcteur d'orthographe. L'orthographe pour le Congo est Kɔ́ngɔ, mais on peut toujours revérifier avec plusieurs sources. À propos de [[Kimokristo]], dans mes notes, j'ai bokristu et boklísto. Kimokristo me semble bizarre car il y a le préfixe mo- précéder par le préfixe ki- qui n'est pas habituel en lingala. Mokristo étant le terme désignant un « chrétien » , je me trompe ? Pour le christianisme, l'islam et le judaïsme ne devrait-on pas avoir [[boklisto]] (ou bokristo), [[boislamu]] et [[boyuda]]? Avec moklisto (ou mokristo), moislamu et moyuda pour les croyants respectifs ? Je me suis permis de modifier "ba komini" en "bakomini", tu veux bien dire communes (au pluriel)? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 07:34, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Ah, j'oubliais, pour la langue grec, n'est-ce pas [[ligresi]] au lieu de kigresi. Le préfixe ki- me semble vraiment plus likongo que lingala, les classes de mots lingalas que je connais étant composé de mo-, ba-, mi-, li-, ma-, e-, bi-, n- ou m-, lo-, bo-, ko- ou sans préfixe. La racine étant gresi, ki+gresi ne me semble donc pas "classique". ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 07:46, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:17, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) 5942 2005-07-31T23:48:36Z Moyogo 11 /* Orthographe lingala */ Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions! Dear Themalau, Thank you very much for your contributions. I'looking forward for the rest of the translation from English to Lingalá. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:49, 21 yuli 2005 (UTC) == Mbɔ́tɛ! == Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions, c'est vraiment génial. Si tu as besoin d'aide ou des questions n'hésite surtout pas. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Orthographe lingala == Merci beaucoup pour tes articles Themalau, je t'encourage à continuer. Je possède deux dictionnaires lingalas (mais je suis pour l'instant en voyage). Je suis en train de monter une liste pour un correcteur d'orthographe. L'orthographe pour le Congo est Kɔ́ngɔ, mais on peut toujours revérifier avec plusieurs sources. À propos de [[Kimokristo]], dans mes notes, j'ai bokristu et boklísto. Kimokristo me semble bizarre car il y a le préfixe mo- précéder par le préfixe ki- qui n'est pas habituel en lingala. Mokristo étant le terme désignant un « chrétien » , je me trompe ? Pour le christianisme, l'islam et le judaïsme ne devrait-on pas avoir [[boklisto]] (ou bokristo), [[boislamu]] et [[boyuda]]? Avec moklisto (ou mokristo), moislamu et moyuda pour les croyants respectifs ? Je me suis permis de modifier "ba komini" en "bakomini", tu veux bien dire communes (au pluriel)? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 07:34, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Ah, j'oubliais, pour la langue grec, n'est-ce pas [[ligresi]] au lieu de kigresi. Le préfixe ki- me semble vraiment plus likongo que lingala, les classes de mots lingalas que je connais étant composé de mo-, ba-, mi-, li-, ma-, e-, bi-, n- ou m-, lo-, bo-, ko- ou sans préfixe. La racine étant gresi, ki+gresi ne me semble donc pas "classique". ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 07:46, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:17, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) :Salut Themalau, :Je pourrais essayer répondre exactement dans une semaine quand je serai en Belgique avec les dictionnaires lingalas que je possède. Pour « mokambi-ekolo », c'est mieux comme terme à utiliser que « tata-mokonzi », pour éviter le sexisme mais aussi pour être plus exact. Certains pays n'ont pas un président comme Chef d'état mais un roi ou quelqu'un avec un autre titre. Comment dit-on Premier ministre, Vice-président, Émir et les autres titres en lingala? :Pour éffacer des pages, seul un Administrateur peut le faire, il faut donc demander à [[User:Bombo|Bombo]]. On peut créer une page Wikipedia:Pages à supprimer. Comment dit-on "Pages à supprimer" : Mankásá mpɛ kopangwisa? :Merci ----[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 5986 2005-08-08T23:28:13Z Moyogo 11 Nord, sud, est et ouest Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions! Dear Themalau, Thank you very much for your contributions. I'looking forward for the rest of the translation from English to Lingalá. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:49, 21 yuli 2005 (UTC) == Mbɔ́tɛ! == Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions, c'est vraiment génial. Si tu as besoin d'aide ou des questions n'hésite surtout pas. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Orthographe lingala == Merci beaucoup pour tes articles Themalau, je t'encourage à continuer. Je possède deux dictionnaires lingalas (mais je suis pour l'instant en voyage). Je suis en train de monter une liste pour un correcteur d'orthographe. L'orthographe pour le Congo est Kɔ́ngɔ, mais on peut toujours revérifier avec plusieurs sources. À propos de [[Kimokristo]], dans mes notes, j'ai bokristu et boklísto. Kimokristo me semble bizarre car il y a le préfixe mo- précéder par le préfixe ki- qui n'est pas habituel en lingala. Mokristo étant le terme désignant un « chrétien » , je me trompe ? Pour le christianisme, l'islam et le judaïsme ne devrait-on pas avoir [[boklisto]] (ou bokristo), [[boislamu]] et [[boyuda]]? Avec moklisto (ou mokristo), moislamu et moyuda pour les croyants respectifs ? Je me suis permis de modifier "ba komini" en "bakomini", tu veux bien dire communes (au pluriel)? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 07:34, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Ah, j'oubliais, pour la langue grec, n'est-ce pas [[ligresi]] au lieu de kigresi. Le préfixe ki- me semble vraiment plus likongo que lingala, les classes de mots lingalas que je connais étant composé de mo-, ba-, mi-, li-, ma-, e-, bi-, n- ou m-, lo-, bo-, ko- ou sans préfixe. La racine étant gresi, ki+gresi ne me semble donc pas "classique". ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 07:46, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:17, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) :Salut Themalau, :Je pourrais essayer répondre exactement dans une semaine quand je serai en Belgique avec les dictionnaires lingalas que je possède. Pour « mokambi-ekolo », c'est mieux comme terme à utiliser que « tata-mokonzi », pour éviter le sexisme mais aussi pour être plus exact. Certains pays n'ont pas un président comme Chef d'état mais un roi ou quelqu'un avec un autre titre. Comment dit-on Premier ministre, Vice-président, Émir et les autres titres en lingala? :Pour éffacer des pages, seul un Administrateur peut le faire, il faut donc demander à [[User:Bombo|Bombo]]. On peut créer une page Wikipedia:Pages à supprimer. Comment dit-on "Pages à supprimer" : Mankásá mpɛ kopangwisa? :Merci ----[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Nord, sud, est et ouest == Salut, le dicitonnaire lingála-falansé que j'ai sous la main me donne : * nord - likoló * est - monyɛlɛ * sud - nsé, súdi * ouest - eloli, límbe ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 23:28, 8 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) 5987 2005-08-09T09:44:55Z Moyogo 11 /* Nord, sud, est et ouest */ Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions! Dear Themalau, Thank you very much for your contributions. I'looking forward for the rest of the translation from English to Lingalá. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:49, 21 yuli 2005 (UTC) == Mbɔ́tɛ! == Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions, c'est vraiment génial. Si tu as besoin d'aide ou des questions n'hésite surtout pas. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Orthographe lingala == Merci beaucoup pour tes articles Themalau, je t'encourage à continuer. Je possède deux dictionnaires lingalas (mais je suis pour l'instant en voyage). Je suis en train de monter une liste pour un correcteur d'orthographe. L'orthographe pour le Congo est Kɔ́ngɔ, mais on peut toujours revérifier avec plusieurs sources. À propos de [[Kimokristo]], dans mes notes, j'ai bokristu et boklísto. Kimokristo me semble bizarre car il y a le préfixe mo- précéder par le préfixe ki- qui n'est pas habituel en lingala. Mokristo étant le terme désignant un « chrétien » , je me trompe ? Pour le christianisme, l'islam et le judaïsme ne devrait-on pas avoir [[boklisto]] (ou bokristo), [[boislamu]] et [[boyuda]]? Avec moklisto (ou mokristo), moislamu et moyuda pour les croyants respectifs ? Je me suis permis de modifier "ba komini" en "bakomini", tu veux bien dire communes (au pluriel)? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 07:34, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Ah, j'oubliais, pour la langue grec, n'est-ce pas [[ligresi]] au lieu de kigresi. Le préfixe ki- me semble vraiment plus likongo que lingala, les classes de mots lingalas que je connais étant composé de mo-, ba-, mi-, li-, ma-, e-, bi-, n- ou m-, lo-, bo-, ko- ou sans préfixe. La racine étant gresi, ki+gresi ne me semble donc pas "classique". ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 07:46, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:17, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) :Salut Themalau, :Je pourrais essayer répondre exactement dans une semaine quand je serai en Belgique avec les dictionnaires lingalas que je possède. Pour « mokambi-ekolo », c'est mieux comme terme à utiliser que « tata-mokonzi », pour éviter le sexisme mais aussi pour être plus exact. Certains pays n'ont pas un président comme Chef d'état mais un roi ou quelqu'un avec un autre titre. Comment dit-on Premier ministre, Vice-président, Émir et les autres titres en lingala? :Pour éffacer des pages, seul un Administrateur peut le faire, il faut donc demander à [[User:Bombo|Bombo]]. On peut créer une page Wikipedia:Pages à supprimer. Comment dit-on "Pages à supprimer" : Mankásá mpɛ kopangwisa? :Merci ----[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Nord, sud, est et ouest == Salut, le dicitonnaire lingála-falansé que j'ai sous la main me donne : * nord - likoló * est - monyɛlɛ * sud - nsé, súdi * ouest - eloli, límbe ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 23:28, 8 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) :On a donc Áfrika ya Nsé pour l'Afrique du Sud. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 09:44, 9 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) 5990 2005-08-11T15:31:58Z Bombo 12 Administrateur Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions! Dear Themalau, Thank you very much for your contributions. I'looking forward for the rest of the translation from English to Lingalá. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:49, 21 yuli 2005 (UTC) == Mbɔ́tɛ! == Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions, c'est vraiment génial. Si tu as besoin d'aide ou des questions n'hésite surtout pas. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Orthographe lingala == Merci beaucoup pour tes articles Themalau, je t'encourage à continuer. Je possède deux dictionnaires lingalas (mais je suis pour l'instant en voyage). Je suis en train de monter une liste pour un correcteur d'orthographe. L'orthographe pour le Congo est Kɔ́ngɔ, mais on peut toujours revérifier avec plusieurs sources. À propos de [[Kimokristo]], dans mes notes, j'ai bokristu et boklísto. Kimokristo me semble bizarre car il y a le préfixe mo- précéder par le préfixe ki- qui n'est pas habituel en lingala. Mokristo étant le terme désignant un « chrétien » , je me trompe ? Pour le christianisme, l'islam et le judaïsme ne devrait-on pas avoir [[boklisto]] (ou bokristo), [[boislamu]] et [[boyuda]]? Avec moklisto (ou mokristo), moislamu et moyuda pour les croyants respectifs ? Je me suis permis de modifier "ba komini" en "bakomini", tu veux bien dire communes (au pluriel)? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 07:34, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Ah, j'oubliais, pour la langue grec, n'est-ce pas [[ligresi]] au lieu de kigresi. Le préfixe ki- me semble vraiment plus likongo que lingala, les classes de mots lingalas que je connais étant composé de mo-, ba-, mi-, li-, ma-, e-, bi-, n- ou m-, lo-, bo-, ko- ou sans préfixe. La racine étant gresi, ki+gresi ne me semble donc pas "classique". ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 07:46, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:17, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) :Salut Themalau, :Je pourrais essayer répondre exactement dans une semaine quand je serai en Belgique avec les dictionnaires lingalas que je possède. Pour « mokambi-ekolo », c'est mieux comme terme à utiliser que « tata-mokonzi », pour éviter le sexisme mais aussi pour être plus exact. Certains pays n'ont pas un président comme Chef d'état mais un roi ou quelqu'un avec un autre titre. Comment dit-on Premier ministre, Vice-président, Émir et les autres titres en lingala? :Pour éffacer des pages, seul un Administrateur peut le faire, il faut donc demander à [[User:Bombo|Bombo]]. On peut créer une page Wikipedia:Pages à supprimer. Comment dit-on "Pages à supprimer" : Mankásá mpɛ kopangwisa? :Merci ----[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Nord, sud, est et ouest == Salut, le dicitonnaire lingála-falansé que j'ai sous la main me donne : * nord - likoló * est - monyɛlɛ * sud - nsé, súdi * ouest - eloli, límbe ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 23:28, 8 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) :On a donc Áfrika ya Nsé pour l'Afrique du Sud. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 09:44, 9 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) == Administrateur == Premierement un grand merci a Themalau et Moyogo pour votre travail. Si vous trouvez des menus qui sont toujours en anglais, je les changerais volontiers - si vous m'envoyez une traduction. Tout ce qui est en lingala justqu'a present, est un travail avec le dictionnaire enorme de Dzokanga qui ce trouve dans 'ma' bibliotheque municipale... Pour les mots cite par Themalau, je vais les verifier des mon retour en Suisse en fin aout.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:31, 11 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) 5991 2005-08-11T15:32:25Z Bombo 12 /* Administrateur */ Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions! Dear Themalau, Thank you very much for your contributions. I'looking forward for the rest of the translation from English to Lingalá. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:49, 21 yuli 2005 (UTC) == Mbɔ́tɛ! == Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions, c'est vraiment génial. Si tu as besoin d'aide ou des questions n'hésite surtout pas. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Orthographe lingala == Merci beaucoup pour tes articles Themalau, je t'encourage à continuer. Je possède deux dictionnaires lingalas (mais je suis pour l'instant en voyage). Je suis en train de monter une liste pour un correcteur d'orthographe. L'orthographe pour le Congo est Kɔ́ngɔ, mais on peut toujours revérifier avec plusieurs sources. À propos de [[Kimokristo]], dans mes notes, j'ai bokristu et boklísto. Kimokristo me semble bizarre car il y a le préfixe mo- précéder par le préfixe ki- qui n'est pas habituel en lingala. Mokristo étant le terme désignant un « chrétien » , je me trompe ? Pour le christianisme, l'islam et le judaïsme ne devrait-on pas avoir [[boklisto]] (ou bokristo), [[boislamu]] et [[boyuda]]? Avec moklisto (ou mokristo), moislamu et moyuda pour les croyants respectifs ? Je me suis permis de modifier "ba komini" en "bakomini", tu veux bien dire communes (au pluriel)? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 07:34, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Ah, j'oubliais, pour la langue grec, n'est-ce pas [[ligresi]] au lieu de kigresi. Le préfixe ki- me semble vraiment plus likongo que lingala, les classes de mots lingalas que je connais étant composé de mo-, ba-, mi-, li-, ma-, e-, bi-, n- ou m-, lo-, bo-, ko- ou sans préfixe. La racine étant gresi, ki+gresi ne me semble donc pas "classique". ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 07:46, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:17, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) :Salut Themalau, :Je pourrais essayer répondre exactement dans une semaine quand je serai en Belgique avec les dictionnaires lingalas que je possède. Pour « mokambi-ekolo », c'est mieux comme terme à utiliser que « tata-mokonzi », pour éviter le sexisme mais aussi pour être plus exact. Certains pays n'ont pas un président comme Chef d'état mais un roi ou quelqu'un avec un autre titre. Comment dit-on Premier ministre, Vice-président, Émir et les autres titres en lingala? :Pour éffacer des pages, seul un Administrateur peut le faire, il faut donc demander à [[User:Bombo|Bombo]]. On peut créer une page Wikipedia:Pages à supprimer. Comment dit-on "Pages à supprimer" : Mankásá mpɛ kopangwisa? :Merci ----[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Nord, sud, est et ouest == Salut, le dicitonnaire lingála-falansé que j'ai sous la main me donne : * nord - likoló * est - monyɛlɛ * sud - nsé, súdi * ouest - eloli, límbe ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 23:28, 8 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) :On a donc Áfrika ya Nsé pour l'Afrique du Sud. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 09:44, 9 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) == Administrateur == Premierement un grand merci a Themalau et Moyogo pour votre travail. Si vous trouvez des menus qui sont toujours en anglais, je les changerais volontiers - si vous m'envoyez une traduction. Tout ce qui est en lingala justqu'a present, est un travail avec le dictionnaire enorme de Dzokanga qui ce trouve dans 'ma' bibliotheque municipale... et avec le soutien de Moyogo Pour les mots cite par Themalau, je vais les verifier des mon retour en Suisse en fin aout.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:31, 11 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) 6281 2005-09-20T12:35:09Z Bombo 12 supprimer une page Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions! Dear Themalau, Thank you very much for your contributions. I'looking forward for the rest of the translation from English to Lingalá. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:49, 21 yuli 2005 (UTC) == Mbɔ́tɛ! == Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions, c'est vraiment génial. Si tu as besoin d'aide ou des questions n'hésite surtout pas. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Orthographe lingala == Merci beaucoup pour tes articles Themalau, je t'encourage à continuer. Je possède deux dictionnaires lingalas (mais je suis pour l'instant en voyage). Je suis en train de monter une liste pour un correcteur d'orthographe. L'orthographe pour le Congo est Kɔ́ngɔ, mais on peut toujours revérifier avec plusieurs sources. À propos de [[Kimokristo]], dans mes notes, j'ai bokristu et boklísto. Kimokristo me semble bizarre car il y a le préfixe mo- précéder par le préfixe ki- qui n'est pas habituel en lingala. Mokristo étant le terme désignant un « chrétien » , je me trompe ? Pour le christianisme, l'islam et le judaïsme ne devrait-on pas avoir [[boklisto]] (ou bokristo), [[boislamu]] et [[boyuda]]? Avec moklisto (ou mokristo), moislamu et moyuda pour les croyants respectifs ? Je me suis permis de modifier "ba komini" en "bakomini", tu veux bien dire communes (au pluriel)? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 07:34, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Ah, j'oubliais, pour la langue grec, n'est-ce pas [[ligresi]] au lieu de kigresi. Le préfixe ki- me semble vraiment plus likongo que lingala, les classes de mots lingalas que je connais étant composé de mo-, ba-, mi-, li-, ma-, e-, bi-, n- ou m-, lo-, bo-, ko- ou sans préfixe. La racine étant gresi, ki+gresi ne me semble donc pas "classique". ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 07:46, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:17, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) :Salut Themalau, :Je pourrais essayer répondre exactement dans une semaine quand je serai en Belgique avec les dictionnaires lingalas que je possède. Pour « mokambi-ekolo », c'est mieux comme terme à utiliser que « tata-mokonzi », pour éviter le sexisme mais aussi pour être plus exact. Certains pays n'ont pas un président comme Chef d'état mais un roi ou quelqu'un avec un autre titre. Comment dit-on Premier ministre, Vice-président, Émir et les autres titres en lingala? :Pour éffacer des pages, seul un Administrateur peut le faire, il faut donc demander à [[User:Bombo|Bombo]]. On peut créer une page Wikipedia:Pages à supprimer. Comment dit-on "Pages à supprimer" : Mankásá mpɛ kopangwisa? :Merci ----[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Nord, sud, est et ouest == Salut, le dicitonnaire lingála-falansé que j'ai sous la main me donne : * nord - likoló * est - monyɛlɛ * sud - nsé, súdi * ouest - eloli, límbe ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 23:28, 8 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) :On a donc Áfrika ya Nsé pour l'Afrique du Sud. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 09:44, 9 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) == Administrateur == Premierement un grand merci a Themalau et Moyogo pour votre travail. Si vous trouvez des menus qui sont toujours en anglais, je les changerais volontiers - si vous m'envoyez une traduction. Tout ce qui est en lingala justqu'a present, est un travail avec le dictionnaire enorme de Dzokanga qui ce trouve dans 'ma' bibliotheque municipale... et avec le soutien de Moyogo Pour les mots cite par Themalau, je vais les verifier des mon retour en Suisse en fin aout.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:31, 11 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) :: Salut Themalau :: C'est aujourd'hui que j'ai découvert ta question "Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia?" sur la page de discussion de Moyogo. Avec le statut d'Admnistrateur, tu pourras le faire. Si tu es d'accord, tu pourras lancer ta candidature http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Moyángeli#Propositions_de_candidature_en_cours :: Merci pour ton travail et tes contributions. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:35, 20 septembere 2005 (UTC) 6365 2005-09-28T05:34:36Z Moyogo 11 /* Administrateur */ Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions! Dear Themalau, Thank you very much for your contributions. I'looking forward for the rest of the translation from English to Lingalá. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:49, 21 yuli 2005 (UTC) == Mbɔ́tɛ! == Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions, c'est vraiment génial. Si tu as besoin d'aide ou des questions n'hésite surtout pas. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Orthographe lingala == Merci beaucoup pour tes articles Themalau, je t'encourage à continuer. Je possède deux dictionnaires lingalas (mais je suis pour l'instant en voyage). Je suis en train de monter une liste pour un correcteur d'orthographe. L'orthographe pour le Congo est Kɔ́ngɔ, mais on peut toujours revérifier avec plusieurs sources. À propos de [[Kimokristo]], dans mes notes, j'ai bokristu et boklísto. Kimokristo me semble bizarre car il y a le préfixe mo- précéder par le préfixe ki- qui n'est pas habituel en lingala. Mokristo étant le terme désignant un « chrétien » , je me trompe ? Pour le christianisme, l'islam et le judaïsme ne devrait-on pas avoir [[boklisto]] (ou bokristo), [[boislamu]] et [[boyuda]]? Avec moklisto (ou mokristo), moislamu et moyuda pour les croyants respectifs ? Je me suis permis de modifier "ba komini" en "bakomini", tu veux bien dire communes (au pluriel)? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 07:34, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Ah, j'oubliais, pour la langue grec, n'est-ce pas [[ligresi]] au lieu de kigresi. Le préfixe ki- me semble vraiment plus likongo que lingala, les classes de mots lingalas que je connais étant composé de mo-, ba-, mi-, li-, ma-, e-, bi-, n- ou m-, lo-, bo-, ko- ou sans préfixe. La racine étant gresi, ki+gresi ne me semble donc pas "classique". ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 07:46, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:17, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) :Salut Themalau, :Je pourrais essayer répondre exactement dans une semaine quand je serai en Belgique avec les dictionnaires lingalas que je possède. Pour « mokambi-ekolo », c'est mieux comme terme à utiliser que « tata-mokonzi », pour éviter le sexisme mais aussi pour être plus exact. Certains pays n'ont pas un président comme Chef d'état mais un roi ou quelqu'un avec un autre titre. Comment dit-on Premier ministre, Vice-président, Émir et les autres titres en lingala? :Pour éffacer des pages, seul un Administrateur peut le faire, il faut donc demander à [[User:Bombo|Bombo]]. On peut créer une page Wikipedia:Pages à supprimer. Comment dit-on "Pages à supprimer" : Mankásá mpɛ kopangwisa? :Merci ----[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Nord, sud, est et ouest == Salut, le dicitonnaire lingála-falansé que j'ai sous la main me donne : * nord - likoló * est - monyɛlɛ * sud - nsé, súdi * ouest - eloli, límbe ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 23:28, 8 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) :On a donc Áfrika ya Nsé pour l'Afrique du Sud. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 09:44, 9 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) == Administrateur == Premierement un grand merci a Themalau et Moyogo pour votre travail. Si vous trouvez des menus qui sont toujours en anglais, je les changerais volontiers - si vous m'envoyez une traduction. Tout ce qui est en lingala justqu'a present, est un travail avec le dictionnaire enorme de Dzokanga qui ce trouve dans 'ma' bibliotheque municipale... et avec le soutien de Moyogo Pour les mots cite par Themalau, je vais les verifier des mon retour en Suisse en fin aout.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:31, 11 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) :: Salut Themalau :: C'est aujourd'hui que j'ai découvert ta question "Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia?" sur la page de discussion de Moyogo. Avec le statut d'Admnistrateur, tu pourras le faire. Si tu es d'accord, tu pourras lancer ta candidature http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Moyángeli#Propositions_de_candidature_en_cours :: Merci pour ton travail et tes contributions. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:35, 20 septembere 2005 (UTC) Resalut Themalau, Si tu veux demander le status d'administrateur tu peux suivre les instructions sur la page [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli]], il faut ensuite rajouter la demande sur la page [[meta:Requests for permissions#Admins for Wikipedias]]. Lorsque nous serons administrateur ce sera plus simple de faire des changements d'interface, mais en général je pense que ce serait mieux d'avoir un peu de discussion avant chaque changement non mineur. La page [[Wikipedia talk:Community Portal]], dont il faudra traduire le nom, est le meilleur endroit je pense. J'ai déjà un peu d'expérience en tant qu'admin, sur le [[wiktionary:fr:User:Moyogo|Wiktionnaire]] ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 05:34, 28 septembere 2005 (UTC) 6632 2005-11-03T21:24:54Z Moyogo 11 Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions! Dear Themalau, Thank you very much for your contributions. I'looking forward for the rest of the translation from English to Lingalá. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:49, 21 yuli 2005 (UTC) == Mbɔ́tɛ! == Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions, c'est vraiment génial. Si tu as besoin d'aide ou des questions n'hésite surtout pas. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Orthographe lingala == Merci beaucoup pour tes articles Themalau, je t'encourage à continuer. Je possède deux dictionnaires lingalas (mais je suis pour l'instant en voyage). Je suis en train de monter une liste pour un correcteur d'orthographe. L'orthographe pour le Congo est Kɔ́ngɔ, mais on peut toujours revérifier avec plusieurs sources. À propos de [[Kimokristo]], dans mes notes, j'ai bokristu et boklísto. Kimokristo me semble bizarre car il y a le préfixe mo- précéder par le préfixe ki- qui n'est pas habituel en lingala. Mokristo étant le terme désignant un « chrétien » , je me trompe ? Pour le christianisme, l'islam et le judaïsme ne devrait-on pas avoir [[boklisto]] (ou bokristo), [[boislamu]] et [[boyuda]]? Avec moklisto (ou mokristo), moislamu et moyuda pour les croyants respectifs ? Je me suis permis de modifier "ba komini" en "bakomini", tu veux bien dire communes (au pluriel)? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 07:34, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Ah, j'oubliais, pour la langue grec, n'est-ce pas [[ligresi]] au lieu de kigresi. Le préfixe ki- me semble vraiment plus likongo que lingala, les classes de mots lingalas que je connais étant composé de mo-, ba-, mi-, li-, ma-, e-, bi-, n- ou m-, lo-, bo-, ko- ou sans préfixe. La racine étant gresi, ki+gresi ne me semble donc pas "classique". ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 07:46, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:17, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) :Salut Themalau, :Je pourrais essayer répondre exactement dans une semaine quand je serai en Belgique avec les dictionnaires lingalas que je possède. Pour « mokambi-ekolo », c'est mieux comme terme à utiliser que « tata-mokonzi », pour éviter le sexisme mais aussi pour être plus exact. Certains pays n'ont pas un président comme Chef d'état mais un roi ou quelqu'un avec un autre titre. Comment dit-on Premier ministre, Vice-président, Émir et les autres titres en lingala? :Pour éffacer des pages, seul un Administrateur peut le faire, il faut donc demander à [[User:Bombo|Bombo]]. On peut créer une page Wikipedia:Pages à supprimer. Comment dit-on "Pages à supprimer" : Mankásá mpɛ kopangwisa? :Merci ----[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Nord, sud, est et ouest == Salut, le dicitonnaire lingála-falansé que j'ai sous la main me donne : * nord - likoló * est - monyɛlɛ * sud - nsé, súdi * ouest - eloli, límbe ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 23:28, 8 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) :On a donc Áfrika ya Nsé pour l'Afrique du Sud. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 09:44, 9 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) == Administrateur == Premierement un grand merci a Themalau et Moyogo pour votre travail. Si vous trouvez des menus qui sont toujours en anglais, je les changerais volontiers - si vous m'envoyez une traduction. Tout ce qui est en lingala justqu'a present, est un travail avec le dictionnaire enorme de Dzokanga qui ce trouve dans 'ma' bibliotheque municipale... et avec le soutien de Moyogo Pour les mots cite par Themalau, je vais les verifier des mon retour en Suisse en fin aout.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:31, 11 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) :: Salut Themalau :: C'est aujourd'hui que j'ai découvert ta question "Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia?" sur la page de discussion de Moyogo. Avec le statut d'Admnistrateur, tu pourras le faire. Si tu es d'accord, tu pourras lancer ta candidature http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Moyángeli#Propositions_de_candidature_en_cours :: Merci pour ton travail et tes contributions. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:35, 20 septembere 2005 (UTC) Resalut Themalau, Si tu veux demander le status d'administrateur tu peux suivre les instructions sur la page [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli]], il faut ensuite rajouter la demande sur la page [[meta:Requests for permissions#Admins for Wikipedias]]. Lorsque nous serons administrateur ce sera plus simple de faire des changements d'interface, mais en général je pense que ce serait mieux d'avoir un peu de discussion avant chaque changement non mineur. La page [[Wikipedia talk:Community Portal]], dont il faudra traduire le nom, est le meilleur endroit je pense. J'ai déjà un peu d'expérience en tant qu'admin, sur le [[wiktionary:fr:User:Moyogo|Wiktionnaire]] ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 05:34, 28 septembere 2005 (UTC) :Salut Themalau,<br/> J'ai pris les titres utilisés dans les traductions du projet de Consitution. Les traductions ne sont peut-être pas les meilleures mais on le statut d'être officielles. http://www.cei-rdc.org/article.php3?id_article=5 Je pense qu'un autre texte officielle utilisait le terme précédent pour le lingala.---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 21:24, 3 novembere 2005 (UTC) 6633 2005-11-03T21:25:35Z Moyogo 11 traductions "République démocratique du Congo" Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions! Dear Themalau, Thank you very much for your contributions. I'looking forward for the rest of the translation from English to Lingalá. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:49, 21 yuli 2005 (UTC) == Mbɔ́tɛ! == Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions, c'est vraiment génial. Si tu as besoin d'aide ou des questions n'hésite surtout pas. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Orthographe lingala == Merci beaucoup pour tes articles Themalau, je t'encourage à continuer. Je possède deux dictionnaires lingalas (mais je suis pour l'instant en voyage). Je suis en train de monter une liste pour un correcteur d'orthographe. L'orthographe pour le Congo est Kɔ́ngɔ, mais on peut toujours revérifier avec plusieurs sources. À propos de [[Kimokristo]], dans mes notes, j'ai bokristu et boklísto. Kimokristo me semble bizarre car il y a le préfixe mo- précéder par le préfixe ki- qui n'est pas habituel en lingala. Mokristo étant le terme désignant un « chrétien » , je me trompe ? Pour le christianisme, l'islam et le judaïsme ne devrait-on pas avoir [[boklisto]] (ou bokristo), [[boislamu]] et [[boyuda]]? Avec moklisto (ou mokristo), moislamu et moyuda pour les croyants respectifs ? Je me suis permis de modifier "ba komini" en "bakomini", tu veux bien dire communes (au pluriel)? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 07:34, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Ah, j'oubliais, pour la langue grec, n'est-ce pas [[ligresi]] au lieu de kigresi. Le préfixe ki- me semble vraiment plus likongo que lingala, les classes de mots lingalas que je connais étant composé de mo-, ba-, mi-, li-, ma-, e-, bi-, n- ou m-, lo-, bo-, ko- ou sans préfixe. La racine étant gresi, ki+gresi ne me semble donc pas "classique". ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 07:46, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:17, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) :Salut Themalau, :Je pourrais essayer répondre exactement dans une semaine quand je serai en Belgique avec les dictionnaires lingalas que je possède. Pour « mokambi-ekolo », c'est mieux comme terme à utiliser que « tata-mokonzi », pour éviter le sexisme mais aussi pour être plus exact. Certains pays n'ont pas un président comme Chef d'état mais un roi ou quelqu'un avec un autre titre. Comment dit-on Premier ministre, Vice-président, Émir et les autres titres en lingala? :Pour éffacer des pages, seul un Administrateur peut le faire, il faut donc demander à [[User:Bombo|Bombo]]. On peut créer une page Wikipedia:Pages à supprimer. Comment dit-on "Pages à supprimer" : Mankásá mpɛ kopangwisa? :Merci ----[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Nord, sud, est et ouest == Salut, le dicitonnaire lingála-falansé que j'ai sous la main me donne : * nord - likoló * est - monyɛlɛ * sud - nsé, súdi * ouest - eloli, límbe ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 23:28, 8 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) :On a donc Áfrika ya Nsé pour l'Afrique du Sud. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 09:44, 9 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) == Administrateur == Premierement un grand merci a Themalau et Moyogo pour votre travail. Si vous trouvez des menus qui sont toujours en anglais, je les changerais volontiers - si vous m'envoyez une traduction. Tout ce qui est en lingala justqu'a present, est un travail avec le dictionnaire enorme de Dzokanga qui ce trouve dans 'ma' bibliotheque municipale... et avec le soutien de Moyogo Pour les mots cite par Themalau, je vais les verifier des mon retour en Suisse en fin aout.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:31, 11 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) :: Salut Themalau :: C'est aujourd'hui que j'ai découvert ta question "Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia?" sur la page de discussion de Moyogo. Avec le statut d'Admnistrateur, tu pourras le faire. Si tu es d'accord, tu pourras lancer ta candidature http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Moyángeli#Propositions_de_candidature_en_cours :: Merci pour ton travail et tes contributions. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:35, 20 septembere 2005 (UTC) Resalut Themalau, Si tu veux demander le status d'administrateur tu peux suivre les instructions sur la page [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli]], il faut ensuite rajouter la demande sur la page [[meta:Requests for permissions#Admins for Wikipedias]]. Lorsque nous serons administrateur ce sera plus simple de faire des changements d'interface, mais en général je pense que ce serait mieux d'avoir un peu de discussion avant chaque changement non mineur. La page [[Wikipedia talk:Community Portal]], dont il faudra traduire le nom, est le meilleur endroit je pense. J'ai déjà un peu d'expérience en tant qu'admin, sur le [[wiktionary:fr:User:Moyogo|Wiktionnaire]] ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 05:34, 28 septembere 2005 (UTC) :Salut Themalau,<br/> J'ai pris les titres utilisés dans les traductions du projet de Consitution. Les traductions ne sont peut-être pas les meilleures mais on le statut d'être officielles. http://www.cei-rdc.org/article.php3?id_article=5 Je pense qu'un autre texte officielle utilisait le terme précédent pour le lingala.---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 21:24, 3 novembere 2005 (UTC) == traductions "République démocratique du Congo" == :Salut Themalau,<br/> J'ai pris les titres utilisés dans les traductions du projet de Consitution (en mettant les accents et caractères spéciaux si nécessaires). Les traductions ne sont peut-être pas les meilleures mais on le statut d'être officielles. http://www.cei-rdc.org/article.php3?id_article=5 Je pense qu'un autre texte officielle utilisait le terme précédent pour le lingala.---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 21:25, 3 novembere 2005 (UTC) 6634 2005-11-03T21:26:11Z Moyogo 11 /* Administrateur */ doublon Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions! Dear Themalau, Thank you very much for your contributions. I'looking forward for the rest of the translation from English to Lingalá. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:49, 21 yuli 2005 (UTC) == Mbɔ́tɛ! == Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions, c'est vraiment génial. Si tu as besoin d'aide ou des questions n'hésite surtout pas. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Orthographe lingala == Merci beaucoup pour tes articles Themalau, je t'encourage à continuer. Je possède deux dictionnaires lingalas (mais je suis pour l'instant en voyage). Je suis en train de monter une liste pour un correcteur d'orthographe. L'orthographe pour le Congo est Kɔ́ngɔ, mais on peut toujours revérifier avec plusieurs sources. À propos de [[Kimokristo]], dans mes notes, j'ai bokristu et boklísto. Kimokristo me semble bizarre car il y a le préfixe mo- précéder par le préfixe ki- qui n'est pas habituel en lingala. Mokristo étant le terme désignant un « chrétien » , je me trompe ? Pour le christianisme, l'islam et le judaïsme ne devrait-on pas avoir [[boklisto]] (ou bokristo), [[boislamu]] et [[boyuda]]? Avec moklisto (ou mokristo), moislamu et moyuda pour les croyants respectifs ? Je me suis permis de modifier "ba komini" en "bakomini", tu veux bien dire communes (au pluriel)? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 07:34, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Ah, j'oubliais, pour la langue grec, n'est-ce pas [[ligresi]] au lieu de kigresi. Le préfixe ki- me semble vraiment plus likongo que lingala, les classes de mots lingalas que je connais étant composé de mo-, ba-, mi-, li-, ma-, e-, bi-, n- ou m-, lo-, bo-, ko- ou sans préfixe. La racine étant gresi, ki+gresi ne me semble donc pas "classique". ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 07:46, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:17, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) :Salut Themalau, :Je pourrais essayer répondre exactement dans une semaine quand je serai en Belgique avec les dictionnaires lingalas que je possède. Pour « mokambi-ekolo », c'est mieux comme terme à utiliser que « tata-mokonzi », pour éviter le sexisme mais aussi pour être plus exact. Certains pays n'ont pas un président comme Chef d'état mais un roi ou quelqu'un avec un autre titre. Comment dit-on Premier ministre, Vice-président, Émir et les autres titres en lingala? :Pour éffacer des pages, seul un Administrateur peut le faire, il faut donc demander à [[User:Bombo|Bombo]]. On peut créer une page Wikipedia:Pages à supprimer. Comment dit-on "Pages à supprimer" : Mankásá mpɛ kopangwisa? :Merci ----[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Nord, sud, est et ouest == Salut, le dicitonnaire lingála-falansé que j'ai sous la main me donne : * nord - likoló * est - monyɛlɛ * sud - nsé, súdi * ouest - eloli, límbe ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 23:28, 8 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) :On a donc Áfrika ya Nsé pour l'Afrique du Sud. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 09:44, 9 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) == Administrateur == Premierement un grand merci a Themalau et Moyogo pour votre travail. Si vous trouvez des menus qui sont toujours en anglais, je les changerais volontiers - si vous m'envoyez une traduction. Tout ce qui est en lingala justqu'a present, est un travail avec le dictionnaire enorme de Dzokanga qui ce trouve dans 'ma' bibliotheque municipale... et avec le soutien de Moyogo Pour les mots cite par Themalau, je vais les verifier des mon retour en Suisse en fin aout.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:31, 11 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) :: Salut Themalau :: C'est aujourd'hui que j'ai découvert ta question "Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia?" sur la page de discussion de Moyogo. Avec le statut d'Admnistrateur, tu pourras le faire. Si tu es d'accord, tu pourras lancer ta candidature http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Moyángeli#Propositions_de_candidature_en_cours :: Merci pour ton travail et tes contributions. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:35, 20 septembere 2005 (UTC) Resalut Themalau, Si tu veux demander le status d'administrateur tu peux suivre les instructions sur la page [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli]], il faut ensuite rajouter la demande sur la page [[meta:Requests for permissions#Admins for Wikipedias]]. Lorsque nous serons administrateur ce sera plus simple de faire des changements d'interface, mais en général je pense que ce serait mieux d'avoir un peu de discussion avant chaque changement non mineur. La page [[Wikipedia talk:Community Portal]], dont il faudra traduire le nom, est le meilleur endroit je pense. J'ai déjà un peu d'expérience en tant qu'admin, sur le [[wiktionary:fr:User:Moyogo|Wiktionnaire]] ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 05:34, 28 septembere 2005 (UTC) == traductions "République démocratique du Congo" == :Salut Themalau,<br/> J'ai pris les titres utilisés dans les traductions du projet de Consitution (en mettant les accents et caractères spéciaux si nécessaires). Les traductions ne sont peut-être pas les meilleures mais on le statut d'être officielles. http://www.cei-rdc.org/article.php3?id_article=5 Je pense qu'un autre texte officielle utilisait le terme précédent pour le lingala.---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 21:25, 3 novembere 2005 (UTC) 7791 2006-03-03T01:36:01Z 132.181.7.1 /* traductions "République démocratique du Congo" */ Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions! Dear Themalau, Thank you very much for your contributions. I'looking forward for the rest of the translation from English to Lingalá. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:49, 21 yuli 2005 (UTC) == Mbɔ́tɛ! == Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions, c'est vraiment génial. Si tu as besoin d'aide ou des questions n'hésite surtout pas. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Orthographe lingala == Merci beaucoup pour tes articles Themalau, je t'encourage à continuer. Je possède deux dictionnaires lingalas (mais je suis pour l'instant en voyage). Je suis en train de monter une liste pour un correcteur d'orthographe. L'orthographe pour le Congo est Kɔ́ngɔ, mais on peut toujours revérifier avec plusieurs sources. À propos de [[Kimokristo]], dans mes notes, j'ai bokristu et boklísto. Kimokristo me semble bizarre car il y a le préfixe mo- précéder par le préfixe ki- qui n'est pas habituel en lingala. Mokristo étant le terme désignant un « chrétien » , je me trompe ? Pour le christianisme, l'islam et le judaïsme ne devrait-on pas avoir [[boklisto]] (ou bokristo), [[boislamu]] et [[boyuda]]? Avec moklisto (ou mokristo), moislamu et moyuda pour les croyants respectifs ? Je me suis permis de modifier "ba komini" en "bakomini", tu veux bien dire communes (au pluriel)? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 07:34, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Ah, j'oubliais, pour la langue grec, n'est-ce pas [[ligresi]] au lieu de kigresi. Le préfixe ki- me semble vraiment plus likongo que lingala, les classes de mots lingalas que je connais étant composé de mo-, ba-, mi-, li-, ma-, e-, bi-, n- ou m-, lo-, bo-, ko- ou sans préfixe. La racine étant gresi, ki+gresi ne me semble donc pas "classique". ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 07:46, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:17, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) :Salut Themalau, :Je pourrais essayer répondre exactement dans une semaine quand je serai en Belgique avec les dictionnaires lingalas que je possède. Pour « mokambi-ekolo », c'est mieux comme terme à utiliser que « tata-mokonzi », pour éviter le sexisme mais aussi pour être plus exact. Certains pays n'ont pas un président comme Chef d'état mais un roi ou quelqu'un avec un autre titre. Comment dit-on Premier ministre, Vice-président, Émir et les autres titres en lingala? :Pour éffacer des pages, seul un Administrateur peut le faire, il faut donc demander à [[User:Bombo|Bombo]]. On peut créer une page Wikipedia:Pages à supprimer. Comment dit-on "Pages à supprimer" : Mankásá mpɛ kopangwisa? :Merci ----[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Nord, sud, est et ouest == Salut, le dicitonnaire lingála-falansé que j'ai sous la main me donne : * nord - likoló * est - monyɛlɛ * sud - nsé, súdi * ouest - eloli, límbe ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 23:28, 8 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) :On a donc Áfrika ya Nsé pour l'Afrique du Sud. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 09:44, 9 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) == Administrateur == Premierement un grand merci a Themalau et Moyogo pour votre travail. Si vous trouvez des menus qui sont toujours en anglais, je les changerais volontiers - si vous m'envoyez une traduction. Tout ce qui est en lingala justqu'a present, est un travail avec le dictionnaire enorme de Dzokanga qui ce trouve dans 'ma' bibliotheque municipale... et avec le soutien de Moyogo Pour les mots cite par Themalau, je vais les verifier des mon retour en Suisse en fin aout.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:31, 11 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) :: Salut Themalau :: C'est aujourd'hui que j'ai découvert ta question "Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia?" sur la page de discussion de Moyogo. Avec le statut d'Admnistrateur, tu pourras le faire. Si tu es d'accord, tu pourras lancer ta candidature http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Moyángeli#Propositions_de_candidature_en_cours :: Merci pour ton travail et tes contributions. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:35, 20 septembere 2005 (UTC) Resalut Themalau, Si tu veux demander le status d'administrateur tu peux suivre les instructions sur la page [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli]], il faut ensuite rajouter la demande sur la page [[meta:Requests for permissions#Admins for Wikipedias]]. Lorsque nous serons administrateur ce sera plus simple de faire des changements d'interface, mais en général je pense que ce serait mieux d'avoir un peu de discussion avant chaque changement non mineur. La page [[Wikipedia talk:Community Portal]], dont il faudra traduire le nom, est le meilleur endroit je pense. J'ai déjà un peu d'expérience en tant qu'admin, sur le [[wiktionary:fr:User:Moyogo|Wiktionnaire]] ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 05:34, 28 septembere 2005 (UTC) == traductions "République démocratique du Congo" == :Salut Themalau,<br/> J'ai pris les titres utilisés dans les traductions du projet de Consitution (en mettant les accents et caractères spéciaux si nécessaires). Les traductions ne sont peut-être pas les meilleures mais on le statut d'être officielles. http://www.cei-rdc.org/article.php3?id_article=5 Je pense qu'un autre texte officielle utilisait le terme précédent pour le lingala.---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 21:25, 3 novembere 2005 (UTC) ==Article request== '''Greetings Themalau''', could you help me create a stub for [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veritable_Jesus_Eglise this article]? - It is based on the [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9ritable_%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9sus French article]. 3-5 lines would be sufficient enough. ''Please''. Your help would be gratefully appreciated. (I do not know what the correct title should be). This church was established in the Congo since 2004. -- [[en:User:Jose77|Jose77]], 2 March 2006 7849 2006-03-11T04:33:28Z 203.118.188.18 /* Article request */ Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions! Dear Themalau, Thank you very much for your contributions. I'looking forward for the rest of the translation from English to Lingalá. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:49, 21 yuli 2005 (UTC) == Mbɔ́tɛ! == Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions, c'est vraiment génial. Si tu as besoin d'aide ou des questions n'hésite surtout pas. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Orthographe lingala == Merci beaucoup pour tes articles Themalau, je t'encourage à continuer. Je possède deux dictionnaires lingalas (mais je suis pour l'instant en voyage). Je suis en train de monter une liste pour un correcteur d'orthographe. L'orthographe pour le Congo est Kɔ́ngɔ, mais on peut toujours revérifier avec plusieurs sources. À propos de [[Kimokristo]], dans mes notes, j'ai bokristu et boklísto. Kimokristo me semble bizarre car il y a le préfixe mo- précéder par le préfixe ki- qui n'est pas habituel en lingala. Mokristo étant le terme désignant un « chrétien » , je me trompe ? Pour le christianisme, l'islam et le judaïsme ne devrait-on pas avoir [[boklisto]] (ou bokristo), [[boislamu]] et [[boyuda]]? Avec moklisto (ou mokristo), moislamu et moyuda pour les croyants respectifs ? Je me suis permis de modifier "ba komini" en "bakomini", tu veux bien dire communes (au pluriel)? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 07:34, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Ah, j'oubliais, pour la langue grec, n'est-ce pas [[ligresi]] au lieu de kigresi. Le préfixe ki- me semble vraiment plus likongo que lingala, les classes de mots lingalas que je connais étant composé de mo-, ba-, mi-, li-, ma-, e-, bi-, n- ou m-, lo-, bo-, ko- ou sans préfixe. La racine étant gresi, ki+gresi ne me semble donc pas "classique". ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 07:46, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:17, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) :Salut Themalau, :Je pourrais essayer répondre exactement dans une semaine quand je serai en Belgique avec les dictionnaires lingalas que je possède. Pour « mokambi-ekolo », c'est mieux comme terme à utiliser que « tata-mokonzi », pour éviter le sexisme mais aussi pour être plus exact. Certains pays n'ont pas un président comme Chef d'état mais un roi ou quelqu'un avec un autre titre. Comment dit-on Premier ministre, Vice-président, Émir et les autres titres en lingala? :Pour éffacer des pages, seul un Administrateur peut le faire, il faut donc demander à [[User:Bombo|Bombo]]. On peut créer une page Wikipedia:Pages à supprimer. Comment dit-on "Pages à supprimer" : Mankásá mpɛ kopangwisa? :Merci ----[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Nord, sud, est et ouest == Salut, le dicitonnaire lingála-falansé que j'ai sous la main me donne : * nord - likoló * est - monyɛlɛ * sud - nsé, súdi * ouest - eloli, límbe ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 23:28, 8 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) :On a donc Áfrika ya Nsé pour l'Afrique du Sud. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 09:44, 9 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) == Administrateur == Premierement un grand merci a Themalau et Moyogo pour votre travail. Si vous trouvez des menus qui sont toujours en anglais, je les changerais volontiers - si vous m'envoyez une traduction. Tout ce qui est en lingala justqu'a present, est un travail avec le dictionnaire enorme de Dzokanga qui ce trouve dans 'ma' bibliotheque municipale... et avec le soutien de Moyogo Pour les mots cite par Themalau, je vais les verifier des mon retour en Suisse en fin aout.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:31, 11 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) :: Salut Themalau :: C'est aujourd'hui que j'ai découvert ta question "Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia?" sur la page de discussion de Moyogo. Avec le statut d'Admnistrateur, tu pourras le faire. Si tu es d'accord, tu pourras lancer ta candidature http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Moyángeli#Propositions_de_candidature_en_cours :: Merci pour ton travail et tes contributions. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:35, 20 septembere 2005 (UTC) Resalut Themalau, Si tu veux demander le status d'administrateur tu peux suivre les instructions sur la page [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli]], il faut ensuite rajouter la demande sur la page [[meta:Requests for permissions#Admins for Wikipedias]]. Lorsque nous serons administrateur ce sera plus simple de faire des changements d'interface, mais en général je pense que ce serait mieux d'avoir un peu de discussion avant chaque changement non mineur. La page [[Wikipedia talk:Community Portal]], dont il faudra traduire le nom, est le meilleur endroit je pense. J'ai déjà un peu d'expérience en tant qu'admin, sur le [[wiktionary:fr:User:Moyogo|Wiktionnaire]] ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 05:34, 28 septembere 2005 (UTC) == traductions "République démocratique du Congo" == :Salut Themalau,<br/> J'ai pris les titres utilisés dans les traductions du projet de Consitution (en mettant les accents et caractères spéciaux si nécessaires). Les traductions ne sont peut-être pas les meilleures mais on le statut d'être officielles. http://www.cei-rdc.org/article.php3?id_article=5 Je pense qu'un autre texte officielle utilisait le terme précédent pour le lingala.---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 21:25, 3 novembere 2005 (UTC) ==Article request== '''Greetings Themalau''', could you help me create a stub for [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veritable_Jesus_Eglise this article]? - It is based on the [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9ritable_%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9sus French article]. 3-5 lines would be sufficient enough. ''Please''. Your help would be gratefully appreciated. (I do not know what the correct title should be). This church was established in the Congo since 2004. -- [[en:User:Jose77|Jose77]], 11 March 2006 7850 2006-03-16T09:06:42Z Bombo 12 /* Article request */ Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions! Dear Themalau, Thank you very much for your contributions. I'looking forward for the rest of the translation from English to Lingalá. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:49, 21 yuli 2005 (UTC) == Mbɔ́tɛ! == Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions, c'est vraiment génial. Si tu as besoin d'aide ou des questions n'hésite surtout pas. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Orthographe lingala == Merci beaucoup pour tes articles Themalau, je t'encourage à continuer. Je possède deux dictionnaires lingalas (mais je suis pour l'instant en voyage). Je suis en train de monter une liste pour un correcteur d'orthographe. L'orthographe pour le Congo est Kɔ́ngɔ, mais on peut toujours revérifier avec plusieurs sources. À propos de [[Kimokristo]], dans mes notes, j'ai bokristu et boklísto. Kimokristo me semble bizarre car il y a le préfixe mo- précéder par le préfixe ki- qui n'est pas habituel en lingala. Mokristo étant le terme désignant un « chrétien » , je me trompe ? Pour le christianisme, l'islam et le judaïsme ne devrait-on pas avoir [[boklisto]] (ou bokristo), [[boislamu]] et [[boyuda]]? Avec moklisto (ou mokristo), moislamu et moyuda pour les croyants respectifs ? Je me suis permis de modifier "ba komini" en "bakomini", tu veux bien dire communes (au pluriel)? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 07:34, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Ah, j'oubliais, pour la langue grec, n'est-ce pas [[ligresi]] au lieu de kigresi. Le préfixe ki- me semble vraiment plus likongo que lingala, les classes de mots lingalas que je connais étant composé de mo-, ba-, mi-, li-, ma-, e-, bi-, n- ou m-, lo-, bo-, ko- ou sans préfixe. La racine étant gresi, ki+gresi ne me semble donc pas "classique". ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 07:46, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:17, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) :Salut Themalau, :Je pourrais essayer répondre exactement dans une semaine quand je serai en Belgique avec les dictionnaires lingalas que je possède. Pour « mokambi-ekolo », c'est mieux comme terme à utiliser que « tata-mokonzi », pour éviter le sexisme mais aussi pour être plus exact. Certains pays n'ont pas un président comme Chef d'état mais un roi ou quelqu'un avec un autre titre. Comment dit-on Premier ministre, Vice-président, Émir et les autres titres en lingala? :Pour éffacer des pages, seul un Administrateur peut le faire, il faut donc demander à [[User:Bombo|Bombo]]. On peut créer une page Wikipedia:Pages à supprimer. Comment dit-on "Pages à supprimer" : Mankásá mpɛ kopangwisa? :Merci ----[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Nord, sud, est et ouest == Salut, le dicitonnaire lingála-falansé que j'ai sous la main me donne : * nord - likoló * est - monyɛlɛ * sud - nsé, súdi * ouest - eloli, límbe ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 23:28, 8 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) :On a donc Áfrika ya Nsé pour l'Afrique du Sud. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 09:44, 9 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) == Administrateur == Premierement un grand merci a Themalau et Moyogo pour votre travail. Si vous trouvez des menus qui sont toujours en anglais, je les changerais volontiers - si vous m'envoyez une traduction. Tout ce qui est en lingala justqu'a present, est un travail avec le dictionnaire enorme de Dzokanga qui ce trouve dans 'ma' bibliotheque municipale... et avec le soutien de Moyogo Pour les mots cite par Themalau, je vais les verifier des mon retour en Suisse en fin aout.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:31, 11 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) :: Salut Themalau :: C'est aujourd'hui que j'ai découvert ta question "Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia?" sur la page de discussion de Moyogo. Avec le statut d'Admnistrateur, tu pourras le faire. Si tu es d'accord, tu pourras lancer ta candidature http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Moyángeli#Propositions_de_candidature_en_cours :: Merci pour ton travail et tes contributions. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:35, 20 septembere 2005 (UTC) Resalut Themalau, Si tu veux demander le status d'administrateur tu peux suivre les instructions sur la page [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli]], il faut ensuite rajouter la demande sur la page [[meta:Requests for permissions#Admins for Wikipedias]]. Lorsque nous serons administrateur ce sera plus simple de faire des changements d'interface, mais en général je pense que ce serait mieux d'avoir un peu de discussion avant chaque changement non mineur. La page [[Wikipedia talk:Community Portal]], dont il faudra traduire le nom, est le meilleur endroit je pense. J'ai déjà un peu d'expérience en tant qu'admin, sur le [[wiktionary:fr:User:Moyogo|Wiktionnaire]] ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 05:34, 28 septembere 2005 (UTC) == traductions "République démocratique du Congo" == :Salut Themalau,<br/> J'ai pris les titres utilisés dans les traductions du projet de Consitution (en mettant les accents et caractères spéciaux si nécessaires). Les traductions ne sont peut-être pas les meilleures mais on le statut d'être officielles. http://www.cei-rdc.org/article.php3?id_article=5 Je pense qu'un autre texte officielle utilisait le terme précédent pour le lingala.---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 21:25, 3 novembere 2005 (UTC) ==Article request== '''Greetings Themalau''', could you help me create a stub for [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veritable_Jesus_Eglise this article]? - It is based on the [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9ritable_%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9sus French article]. 3-5 lines would be sufficient enough. ''Please''. Your help would be gratefully appreciated. (I do not know what the correct title should be). This church was established in the Congo since 2004. -- [[en:User:Jose77|Jose77]], 11 March 2006 ::Mbɔtɛ́! ::Si cette église est si nombreuse en RDC, pourquoi, eux, ils ne participent pas à ce project? ::Tála mpé: [[en:Talk:True_Jesus_Church#propaganda]] --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:06, 16 mars 2006 (UTC) 7926 2006-03-31T05:43:46Z 132.181.7.1 /* Article request */ Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions! Dear Themalau, Thank you very much for your contributions. I'looking forward for the rest of the translation from English to Lingalá. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:49, 21 yuli 2005 (UTC) == Mbɔ́tɛ! == Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions, c'est vraiment génial. Si tu as besoin d'aide ou des questions n'hésite surtout pas. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Orthographe lingala == Merci beaucoup pour tes articles Themalau, je t'encourage à continuer. Je possède deux dictionnaires lingalas (mais je suis pour l'instant en voyage). Je suis en train de monter une liste pour un correcteur d'orthographe. L'orthographe pour le Congo est Kɔ́ngɔ, mais on peut toujours revérifier avec plusieurs sources. À propos de [[Kimokristo]], dans mes notes, j'ai bokristu et boklísto. Kimokristo me semble bizarre car il y a le préfixe mo- précéder par le préfixe ki- qui n'est pas habituel en lingala. Mokristo étant le terme désignant un « chrétien » , je me trompe ? Pour le christianisme, l'islam et le judaïsme ne devrait-on pas avoir [[boklisto]] (ou bokristo), [[boislamu]] et [[boyuda]]? Avec moklisto (ou mokristo), moislamu et moyuda pour les croyants respectifs ? Je me suis permis de modifier "ba komini" en "bakomini", tu veux bien dire communes (au pluriel)? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 07:34, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Ah, j'oubliais, pour la langue grec, n'est-ce pas [[ligresi]] au lieu de kigresi. Le préfixe ki- me semble vraiment plus likongo que lingala, les classes de mots lingalas que je connais étant composé de mo-, ba-, mi-, li-, ma-, e-, bi-, n- ou m-, lo-, bo-, ko- ou sans préfixe. La racine étant gresi, ki+gresi ne me semble donc pas "classique". ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 07:46, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:17, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) :Salut Themalau, :Je pourrais essayer répondre exactement dans une semaine quand je serai en Belgique avec les dictionnaires lingalas que je possède. Pour « mokambi-ekolo », c'est mieux comme terme à utiliser que « tata-mokonzi », pour éviter le sexisme mais aussi pour être plus exact. Certains pays n'ont pas un président comme Chef d'état mais un roi ou quelqu'un avec un autre titre. Comment dit-on Premier ministre, Vice-président, Émir et les autres titres en lingala? :Pour éffacer des pages, seul un Administrateur peut le faire, il faut donc demander à [[User:Bombo|Bombo]]. On peut créer une page Wikipedia:Pages à supprimer. Comment dit-on "Pages à supprimer" : Mankásá mpɛ kopangwisa? :Merci ----[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Nord, sud, est et ouest == Salut, le dicitonnaire lingála-falansé que j'ai sous la main me donne : * nord - likoló * est - monyɛlɛ * sud - nsé, súdi * ouest - eloli, límbe ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 23:28, 8 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) :On a donc Áfrika ya Nsé pour l'Afrique du Sud. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 09:44, 9 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) == Administrateur == Premierement un grand merci a Themalau et Moyogo pour votre travail. Si vous trouvez des menus qui sont toujours en anglais, je les changerais volontiers - si vous m'envoyez une traduction. Tout ce qui est en lingala justqu'a present, est un travail avec le dictionnaire enorme de Dzokanga qui ce trouve dans 'ma' bibliotheque municipale... et avec le soutien de Moyogo Pour les mots cite par Themalau, je vais les verifier des mon retour en Suisse en fin aout.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:31, 11 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) :: Salut Themalau :: C'est aujourd'hui que j'ai découvert ta question "Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia?" sur la page de discussion de Moyogo. Avec le statut d'Admnistrateur, tu pourras le faire. Si tu es d'accord, tu pourras lancer ta candidature http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Moyángeli#Propositions_de_candidature_en_cours :: Merci pour ton travail et tes contributions. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:35, 20 septembere 2005 (UTC) Resalut Themalau, Si tu veux demander le status d'administrateur tu peux suivre les instructions sur la page [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli]], il faut ensuite rajouter la demande sur la page [[meta:Requests for permissions#Admins for Wikipedias]]. Lorsque nous serons administrateur ce sera plus simple de faire des changements d'interface, mais en général je pense que ce serait mieux d'avoir un peu de discussion avant chaque changement non mineur. La page [[Wikipedia talk:Community Portal]], dont il faudra traduire le nom, est le meilleur endroit je pense. J'ai déjà un peu d'expérience en tant qu'admin, sur le [[wiktionary:fr:User:Moyogo|Wiktionnaire]] ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 05:34, 28 septembere 2005 (UTC) == traductions "République démocratique du Congo" == :Salut Themalau,<br/> J'ai pris les titres utilisés dans les traductions du projet de Consitution (en mettant les accents et caractères spéciaux si nécessaires). Les traductions ne sont peut-être pas les meilleures mais on le statut d'être officielles. http://www.cei-rdc.org/article.php3?id_article=5 Je pense qu'un autre texte officielle utilisait le terme précédent pour le lingala.---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 21:25, 3 novembere 2005 (UTC) ==Article request== '''Greetings Themalau''', could you help me create a stub for [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veritable_Jesus_Eglise this article]? - It is based on the [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9ritable_%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9sus French article]. 3-5 lines would be sufficient enough. ''Please''. Your help would be gratefully appreciated. (I do not know what the correct title should be). This church was established in the Congo since 2004. -- [[en:User:Jose77|Jose77]], 11 March 2006 7927 2006-03-31T05:44:13Z 132.181.7.1 /* Article request */ Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions! Dear Themalau, Thank you very much for your contributions. I'looking forward for the rest of the translation from English to Lingalá. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:49, 21 yuli 2005 (UTC) == Mbɔ́tɛ! == Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions, c'est vraiment génial. Si tu as besoin d'aide ou des questions n'hésite surtout pas. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Orthographe lingala == Merci beaucoup pour tes articles Themalau, je t'encourage à continuer. Je possède deux dictionnaires lingalas (mais je suis pour l'instant en voyage). Je suis en train de monter une liste pour un correcteur d'orthographe. L'orthographe pour le Congo est Kɔ́ngɔ, mais on peut toujours revérifier avec plusieurs sources. À propos de [[Kimokristo]], dans mes notes, j'ai bokristu et boklísto. Kimokristo me semble bizarre car il y a le préfixe mo- précéder par le préfixe ki- qui n'est pas habituel en lingala. Mokristo étant le terme désignant un « chrétien » , je me trompe ? Pour le christianisme, l'islam et le judaïsme ne devrait-on pas avoir [[boklisto]] (ou bokristo), [[boislamu]] et [[boyuda]]? Avec moklisto (ou mokristo), moislamu et moyuda pour les croyants respectifs ? Je me suis permis de modifier "ba komini" en "bakomini", tu veux bien dire communes (au pluriel)? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 07:34, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Ah, j'oubliais, pour la langue grec, n'est-ce pas [[ligresi]] au lieu de kigresi. Le préfixe ki- me semble vraiment plus likongo que lingala, les classes de mots lingalas que je connais étant composé de mo-, ba-, mi-, li-, ma-, e-, bi-, n- ou m-, lo-, bo-, ko- ou sans préfixe. La racine étant gresi, ki+gresi ne me semble donc pas "classique". ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 07:46, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:17, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) :Salut Themalau, :Je pourrais essayer répondre exactement dans une semaine quand je serai en Belgique avec les dictionnaires lingalas que je possède. Pour « mokambi-ekolo », c'est mieux comme terme à utiliser que « tata-mokonzi », pour éviter le sexisme mais aussi pour être plus exact. Certains pays n'ont pas un président comme Chef d'état mais un roi ou quelqu'un avec un autre titre. Comment dit-on Premier ministre, Vice-président, Émir et les autres titres en lingala? :Pour éffacer des pages, seul un Administrateur peut le faire, il faut donc demander à [[User:Bombo|Bombo]]. On peut créer une page Wikipedia:Pages à supprimer. Comment dit-on "Pages à supprimer" : Mankásá mpɛ kopangwisa? :Merci ----[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Nord, sud, est et ouest == Salut, le dicitonnaire lingála-falansé que j'ai sous la main me donne : * nord - likoló * est - monyɛlɛ * sud - nsé, súdi * ouest - eloli, límbe ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 23:28, 8 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) :On a donc Áfrika ya Nsé pour l'Afrique du Sud. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 09:44, 9 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) == Administrateur == Premierement un grand merci a Themalau et Moyogo pour votre travail. Si vous trouvez des menus qui sont toujours en anglais, je les changerais volontiers - si vous m'envoyez une traduction. Tout ce qui est en lingala justqu'a present, est un travail avec le dictionnaire enorme de Dzokanga qui ce trouve dans 'ma' bibliotheque municipale... et avec le soutien de Moyogo Pour les mots cite par Themalau, je vais les verifier des mon retour en Suisse en fin aout.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:31, 11 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) :: Salut Themalau :: C'est aujourd'hui que j'ai découvert ta question "Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia?" sur la page de discussion de Moyogo. Avec le statut d'Admnistrateur, tu pourras le faire. Si tu es d'accord, tu pourras lancer ta candidature http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Moyángeli#Propositions_de_candidature_en_cours :: Merci pour ton travail et tes contributions. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:35, 20 septembere 2005 (UTC) Resalut Themalau, Si tu veux demander le status d'administrateur tu peux suivre les instructions sur la page [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli]], il faut ensuite rajouter la demande sur la page [[meta:Requests for permissions#Admins for Wikipedias]]. Lorsque nous serons administrateur ce sera plus simple de faire des changements d'interface, mais en général je pense que ce serait mieux d'avoir un peu de discussion avant chaque changement non mineur. La page [[Wikipedia talk:Community Portal]], dont il faudra traduire le nom, est le meilleur endroit je pense. J'ai déjà un peu d'expérience en tant qu'admin, sur le [[wiktionary:fr:User:Moyogo|Wiktionnaire]] ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 05:34, 28 septembere 2005 (UTC) == traductions "République démocratique du Congo" == :Salut Themalau,<br/> J'ai pris les titres utilisés dans les traductions du projet de Consitution (en mettant les accents et caractères spéciaux si nécessaires). Les traductions ne sont peut-être pas les meilleures mais on le statut d'être officielles. http://www.cei-rdc.org/article.php3?id_article=5 Je pense qu'un autre texte officielle utilisait le terme précédent pour le lingala.---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 21:25, 3 novembere 2005 (UTC) ==Article request== '''Greetings Themalau''', could you help me create a stub for [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veritable_Jesus_Eglise this article]? - It is based on the [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9ritable_%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9sus French article]. 3-5 lines would be sufficient enough. ''Please''. Your help would be gratefully appreciated. (I do not know what the correct title should be). This church was established in the Congo since 2004. Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Jose77]], 05:43 mokɔlɔ ya mítáno 31 mars 2006 (UTC) 8044 2006-04-22T18:21:22Z 83.28.122.162 [[Kurów]] Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions! Dear Themalau, Thank you very much for your contributions. I'looking forward for the rest of the translation from English to Lingalá. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:49, 21 yuli 2005 (UTC) == Mbɔ́tɛ! == Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions, c'est vraiment génial. Si tu as besoin d'aide ou des questions n'hésite surtout pas. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Orthographe lingala == Merci beaucoup pour tes articles Themalau, je t'encourage à continuer. Je possède deux dictionnaires lingalas (mais je suis pour l'instant en voyage). Je suis en train de monter une liste pour un correcteur d'orthographe. L'orthographe pour le Congo est Kɔ́ngɔ, mais on peut toujours revérifier avec plusieurs sources. À propos de [[Kimokristo]], dans mes notes, j'ai bokristu et boklísto. Kimokristo me semble bizarre car il y a le préfixe mo- précéder par le préfixe ki- qui n'est pas habituel en lingala. Mokristo étant le terme désignant un « chrétien » , je me trompe ? Pour le christianisme, l'islam et le judaïsme ne devrait-on pas avoir [[boklisto]] (ou bokristo), [[boislamu]] et [[boyuda]]? Avec moklisto (ou mokristo), moislamu et moyuda pour les croyants respectifs ? Je me suis permis de modifier "ba komini" en "bakomini", tu veux bien dire communes (au pluriel)? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 07:34, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Ah, j'oubliais, pour la langue grec, n'est-ce pas [[ligresi]] au lieu de kigresi. Le préfixe ki- me semble vraiment plus likongo que lingala, les classes de mots lingalas que je connais étant composé de mo-, ba-, mi-, li-, ma-, e-, bi-, n- ou m-, lo-, bo-, ko- ou sans préfixe. La racine étant gresi, ki+gresi ne me semble donc pas "classique". ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 07:46, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:17, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) :Salut Themalau, :Je pourrais essayer répondre exactement dans une semaine quand je serai en Belgique avec les dictionnaires lingalas que je possède. Pour « mokambi-ekolo », c'est mieux comme terme à utiliser que « tata-mokonzi », pour éviter le sexisme mais aussi pour être plus exact. Certains pays n'ont pas un président comme Chef d'état mais un roi ou quelqu'un avec un autre titre. Comment dit-on Premier ministre, Vice-président, Émir et les autres titres en lingala? :Pour éffacer des pages, seul un Administrateur peut le faire, il faut donc demander à [[User:Bombo|Bombo]]. On peut créer une page Wikipedia:Pages à supprimer. Comment dit-on "Pages à supprimer" : Mankásá mpɛ kopangwisa? :Merci ----[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Nord, sud, est et ouest == Salut, le dicitonnaire lingála-falansé que j'ai sous la main me donne : * nord - likoló * est - monyɛlɛ * sud - nsé, súdi * ouest - eloli, límbe ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 23:28, 8 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) :On a donc Áfrika ya Nsé pour l'Afrique du Sud. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 09:44, 9 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) == Administrateur == Premierement un grand merci a Themalau et Moyogo pour votre travail. Si vous trouvez des menus qui sont toujours en anglais, je les changerais volontiers - si vous m'envoyez une traduction. Tout ce qui est en lingala justqu'a present, est un travail avec le dictionnaire enorme de Dzokanga qui ce trouve dans 'ma' bibliotheque municipale... et avec le soutien de Moyogo Pour les mots cite par Themalau, je vais les verifier des mon retour en Suisse en fin aout.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:31, 11 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) :: Salut Themalau :: C'est aujourd'hui que j'ai découvert ta question "Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia?" sur la page de discussion de Moyogo. Avec le statut d'Admnistrateur, tu pourras le faire. Si tu es d'accord, tu pourras lancer ta candidature http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Moyángeli#Propositions_de_candidature_en_cours :: Merci pour ton travail et tes contributions. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:35, 20 septembere 2005 (UTC) Resalut Themalau, Si tu veux demander le status d'administrateur tu peux suivre les instructions sur la page [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli]], il faut ensuite rajouter la demande sur la page [[meta:Requests for permissions#Admins for Wikipedias]]. Lorsque nous serons administrateur ce sera plus simple de faire des changements d'interface, mais en général je pense que ce serait mieux d'avoir un peu de discussion avant chaque changement non mineur. La page [[Wikipedia talk:Community Portal]], dont il faudra traduire le nom, est le meilleur endroit je pense. J'ai déjà un peu d'expérience en tant qu'admin, sur le [[wiktionary:fr:User:Moyogo|Wiktionnaire]] ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 05:34, 28 septembere 2005 (UTC) == traductions "République démocratique du Congo" == :Salut Themalau,<br/> J'ai pris les titres utilisés dans les traductions du projet de Consitution (en mettant les accents et caractères spéciaux si nécessaires). Les traductions ne sont peut-être pas les meilleures mais on le statut d'être officielles. http://www.cei-rdc.org/article.php3?id_article=5 Je pense qu'un autre texte officielle utilisait le terme précédent pour le lingala.---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 21:25, 3 novembere 2005 (UTC) ==Article request== '''Greetings Themalau''', could you help me create a stub for [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veritable_Jesus_Eglise this article]? - It is based on the [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9ritable_%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9sus French article]. 3-5 lines would be sufficient enough. ''Please''. Your help would be gratefully appreciated. (I do not know what the correct title should be). This church was established in the Congo since 2004. Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Jose77]], 05:43 mokɔlɔ ya mítáno 31 mars 2006 (UTC) == [[Kurów]] == Could you please write a stub http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w - just a few sentences based on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w or FR wiki? Only 2 -5 sentences enough. Please. [[:pl:User:Pietras1988|Pietras1988]] 18:21, 22 avril 2006 (UTC) 8079 2006-04-27T20:58:16Z 203.173.151.157 /* Article request */ Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions! Dear Themalau, Thank you very much for your contributions. I'looking forward for the rest of the translation from English to Lingalá. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:49, 21 yuli 2005 (UTC) == Mbɔ́tɛ! == Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions, c'est vraiment génial. Si tu as besoin d'aide ou des questions n'hésite surtout pas. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Orthographe lingala == Merci beaucoup pour tes articles Themalau, je t'encourage à continuer. Je possède deux dictionnaires lingalas (mais je suis pour l'instant en voyage). Je suis en train de monter une liste pour un correcteur d'orthographe. L'orthographe pour le Congo est Kɔ́ngɔ, mais on peut toujours revérifier avec plusieurs sources. À propos de [[Kimokristo]], dans mes notes, j'ai bokristu et boklísto. Kimokristo me semble bizarre car il y a le préfixe mo- précéder par le préfixe ki- qui n'est pas habituel en lingala. Mokristo étant le terme désignant un « chrétien » , je me trompe ? Pour le christianisme, l'islam et le judaïsme ne devrait-on pas avoir [[boklisto]] (ou bokristo), [[boislamu]] et [[boyuda]]? Avec moklisto (ou mokristo), moislamu et moyuda pour les croyants respectifs ? Je me suis permis de modifier "ba komini" en "bakomini", tu veux bien dire communes (au pluriel)? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 07:34, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Ah, j'oubliais, pour la langue grec, n'est-ce pas [[ligresi]] au lieu de kigresi. Le préfixe ki- me semble vraiment plus likongo que lingala, les classes de mots lingalas que je connais étant composé de mo-, ba-, mi-, li-, ma-, e-, bi-, n- ou m-, lo-, bo-, ko- ou sans préfixe. La racine étant gresi, ki+gresi ne me semble donc pas "classique". ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 07:46, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:17, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) :Salut Themalau, :Je pourrais essayer répondre exactement dans une semaine quand je serai en Belgique avec les dictionnaires lingalas que je possède. Pour « mokambi-ekolo », c'est mieux comme terme à utiliser que « tata-mokonzi », pour éviter le sexisme mais aussi pour être plus exact. Certains pays n'ont pas un président comme Chef d'état mais un roi ou quelqu'un avec un autre titre. Comment dit-on Premier ministre, Vice-président, Émir et les autres titres en lingala? :Pour éffacer des pages, seul un Administrateur peut le faire, il faut donc demander à [[User:Bombo|Bombo]]. On peut créer une page Wikipedia:Pages à supprimer. Comment dit-on "Pages à supprimer" : Mankásá mpɛ kopangwisa? :Merci ----[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Nord, sud, est et ouest == Salut, le dicitonnaire lingála-falansé que j'ai sous la main me donne : * nord - likoló * est - monyɛlɛ * sud - nsé, súdi * ouest - eloli, límbe ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 23:28, 8 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) :On a donc Áfrika ya Nsé pour l'Afrique du Sud. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 09:44, 9 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) == Administrateur == Premierement un grand merci a Themalau et Moyogo pour votre travail. Si vous trouvez des menus qui sont toujours en anglais, je les changerais volontiers - si vous m'envoyez une traduction. Tout ce qui est en lingala justqu'a present, est un travail avec le dictionnaire enorme de Dzokanga qui ce trouve dans 'ma' bibliotheque municipale... et avec le soutien de Moyogo Pour les mots cite par Themalau, je vais les verifier des mon retour en Suisse en fin aout.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:31, 11 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) :: Salut Themalau :: C'est aujourd'hui que j'ai découvert ta question "Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia?" sur la page de discussion de Moyogo. Avec le statut d'Admnistrateur, tu pourras le faire. Si tu es d'accord, tu pourras lancer ta candidature http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Moyángeli#Propositions_de_candidature_en_cours :: Merci pour ton travail et tes contributions. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:35, 20 septembere 2005 (UTC) Resalut Themalau, Si tu veux demander le status d'administrateur tu peux suivre les instructions sur la page [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli]], il faut ensuite rajouter la demande sur la page [[meta:Requests for permissions#Admins for Wikipedias]]. Lorsque nous serons administrateur ce sera plus simple de faire des changements d'interface, mais en général je pense que ce serait mieux d'avoir un peu de discussion avant chaque changement non mineur. La page [[Wikipedia talk:Community Portal]], dont il faudra traduire le nom, est le meilleur endroit je pense. J'ai déjà un peu d'expérience en tant qu'admin, sur le [[wiktionary:fr:User:Moyogo|Wiktionnaire]] ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 05:34, 28 septembere 2005 (UTC) == traductions "République démocratique du Congo" == :Salut Themalau,<br/> J'ai pris les titres utilisés dans les traductions du projet de Consitution (en mettant les accents et caractères spéciaux si nécessaires). Les traductions ne sont peut-être pas les meilleures mais on le statut d'être officielles. http://www.cei-rdc.org/article.php3?id_article=5 Je pense qu'un autre texte officielle utilisait le terme précédent pour le lingala.---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 21:25, 3 novembere 2005 (UTC) ==Article request== '''Greetings Themalau''' Could you help me create a stub for [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veritable_Jesus_Eglise this article] which is based on the [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9ritable_%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9sus French article]. 2-5 lines would be sufficient enough. ''Please''. Your help would be gratefully appreciated. This church was established in the Democratic republic of the Congo since 2004. Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Jose77]], 20:58 mokɔlɔ ya mínei 27 avril 2006 (UTC) == [[Kurów]] == Could you please write a stub http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w - just a few sentences based on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w or FR wiki? Only 2 -5 sentences enough. Please. [[:pl:User:Pietras1988|Pietras1988]] 18:21, 22 avril 2006 (UTC) 8091 2006-05-02T05:14:31Z 132.181.7.1 /* Article request */ Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions! Dear Themalau, Thank you very much for your contributions. I'looking forward for the rest of the translation from English to Lingalá. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:49, 21 yuli 2005 (UTC) == Mbɔ́tɛ! == Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions, c'est vraiment génial. Si tu as besoin d'aide ou des questions n'hésite surtout pas. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Orthographe lingala == Merci beaucoup pour tes articles Themalau, je t'encourage à continuer. Je possède deux dictionnaires lingalas (mais je suis pour l'instant en voyage). Je suis en train de monter une liste pour un correcteur d'orthographe. L'orthographe pour le Congo est Kɔ́ngɔ, mais on peut toujours revérifier avec plusieurs sources. À propos de [[Kimokristo]], dans mes notes, j'ai bokristu et boklísto. Kimokristo me semble bizarre car il y a le préfixe mo- précéder par le préfixe ki- qui n'est pas habituel en lingala. Mokristo étant le terme désignant un « chrétien » , je me trompe ? Pour le christianisme, l'islam et le judaïsme ne devrait-on pas avoir [[boklisto]] (ou bokristo), [[boislamu]] et [[boyuda]]? Avec moklisto (ou mokristo), moislamu et moyuda pour les croyants respectifs ? Je me suis permis de modifier "ba komini" en "bakomini", tu veux bien dire communes (au pluriel)? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 07:34, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Ah, j'oubliais, pour la langue grec, n'est-ce pas [[ligresi]] au lieu de kigresi. Le préfixe ki- me semble vraiment plus likongo que lingala, les classes de mots lingalas que je connais étant composé de mo-, ba-, mi-, li-, ma-, e-, bi-, n- ou m-, lo-, bo-, ko- ou sans préfixe. La racine étant gresi, ki+gresi ne me semble donc pas "classique". ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 07:46, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:17, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) :Salut Themalau, :Je pourrais essayer répondre exactement dans une semaine quand je serai en Belgique avec les dictionnaires lingalas que je possède. Pour « mokambi-ekolo », c'est mieux comme terme à utiliser que « tata-mokonzi », pour éviter le sexisme mais aussi pour être plus exact. Certains pays n'ont pas un président comme Chef d'état mais un roi ou quelqu'un avec un autre titre. Comment dit-on Premier ministre, Vice-président, Émir et les autres titres en lingala? :Pour éffacer des pages, seul un Administrateur peut le faire, il faut donc demander à [[User:Bombo|Bombo]]. On peut créer une page Wikipedia:Pages à supprimer. Comment dit-on "Pages à supprimer" : Mankásá mpɛ kopangwisa? :Merci ----[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Nord, sud, est et ouest == Salut, le dicitonnaire lingála-falansé que j'ai sous la main me donne : * nord - likoló * est - monyɛlɛ * sud - nsé, súdi * ouest - eloli, límbe ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 23:28, 8 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) :On a donc Áfrika ya Nsé pour l'Afrique du Sud. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 09:44, 9 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) == Administrateur == Premierement un grand merci a Themalau et Moyogo pour votre travail. Si vous trouvez des menus qui sont toujours en anglais, je les changerais volontiers - si vous m'envoyez une traduction. Tout ce qui est en lingala justqu'a present, est un travail avec le dictionnaire enorme de Dzokanga qui ce trouve dans 'ma' bibliotheque municipale... et avec le soutien de Moyogo Pour les mots cite par Themalau, je vais les verifier des mon retour en Suisse en fin aout.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:31, 11 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) :: Salut Themalau :: C'est aujourd'hui que j'ai découvert ta question "Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia?" sur la page de discussion de Moyogo. Avec le statut d'Admnistrateur, tu pourras le faire. Si tu es d'accord, tu pourras lancer ta candidature http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Moyángeli#Propositions_de_candidature_en_cours :: Merci pour ton travail et tes contributions. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:35, 20 septembere 2005 (UTC) Resalut Themalau, Si tu veux demander le status d'administrateur tu peux suivre les instructions sur la page [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli]], il faut ensuite rajouter la demande sur la page [[meta:Requests for permissions#Admins for Wikipedias]]. Lorsque nous serons administrateur ce sera plus simple de faire des changements d'interface, mais en général je pense que ce serait mieux d'avoir un peu de discussion avant chaque changement non mineur. La page [[Wikipedia talk:Community Portal]], dont il faudra traduire le nom, est le meilleur endroit je pense. J'ai déjà un peu d'expérience en tant qu'admin, sur le [[wiktionary:fr:User:Moyogo|Wiktionnaire]] ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 05:34, 28 septembere 2005 (UTC) == traductions "République démocratique du Congo" == :Salut Themalau,<br/> J'ai pris les titres utilisés dans les traductions du projet de Consitution (en mettant les accents et caractères spéciaux si nécessaires). Les traductions ne sont peut-être pas les meilleures mais on le statut d'être officielles. http://www.cei-rdc.org/article.php3?id_article=5 Je pense qu'un autre texte officielle utilisait le terme précédent pour le lingala.---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 21:25, 3 novembere 2005 (UTC) ==[[l'Église Véritable de Jésus]]== '''Salut Themalau!''' Could you help me create a stub for [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/l'Église_Véritable_de_Jésus this article] - based on the [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9ritable_%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9sus French article]. 2-5 lines would be sufficient enough. ''Please''. Thankyou Bombo. Your help would be gratefully appreciated. This church was established in the Democratic Republic of the Congo since 2004. -- [[en:User:Jose77|Joseph]], 04:40 mpɔsɔ / samedi 29 avril 2006 (UTC) :We have so much work to do and there is nearly no one to help, and there are so many stubs to change to real articles, so we cannot translate stubs, but we need help! So, if your church is etablished in the DRC, please ask your friends there to write a very good article (see [[en:Wikipedia:What_is_a_featured_article]]) in lingála. It would be great, if they didn't write only about l'Église Véritable de Jésus, but continue to contribute. Thank you for your help. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:50, 1 mai 2006 (UTC) ::Okay, I understand your current situation, unfortunately our church members in Congo do not have an internet connection so it would be extremely difficult for them to write this article. I only ask for a few lines from you - for example: [http://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dibundu_ya_Yesu_ya_Kyeleka this Kikongo article] or [http://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church this excellent Swahili article]. ::Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Joseph]] 05:02 mokɔlɔ ya míbalé 2 mai 2006 (UTC) == [[Kurów]] == Could you please write a stub http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w - just a few sentences based on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w or FR wiki? Only 2 -5 sentences enough. Please. [[:pl:User:Pietras1988|Pietras1988]] 18:21, 22 avril 2006 (UTC) 8093 2006-05-02T05:23:24Z 132.181.7.1 /* [[l'Église Véritable de Jésus]] */ Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions! Dear Themalau, Thank you very much for your contributions. I'looking forward for the rest of the translation from English to Lingalá. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:49, 21 yuli 2005 (UTC) == Mbɔ́tɛ! == Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions, c'est vraiment génial. Si tu as besoin d'aide ou des questions n'hésite surtout pas. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Orthographe lingala == Merci beaucoup pour tes articles Themalau, je t'encourage à continuer. Je possède deux dictionnaires lingalas (mais je suis pour l'instant en voyage). Je suis en train de monter une liste pour un correcteur d'orthographe. L'orthographe pour le Congo est Kɔ́ngɔ, mais on peut toujours revérifier avec plusieurs sources. À propos de [[Kimokristo]], dans mes notes, j'ai bokristu et boklísto. Kimokristo me semble bizarre car il y a le préfixe mo- précéder par le préfixe ki- qui n'est pas habituel en lingala. Mokristo étant le terme désignant un « chrétien » , je me trompe ? Pour le christianisme, l'islam et le judaïsme ne devrait-on pas avoir [[boklisto]] (ou bokristo), [[boislamu]] et [[boyuda]]? Avec moklisto (ou mokristo), moislamu et moyuda pour les croyants respectifs ? Je me suis permis de modifier "ba komini" en "bakomini", tu veux bien dire communes (au pluriel)? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 07:34, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Ah, j'oubliais, pour la langue grec, n'est-ce pas [[ligresi]] au lieu de kigresi. Le préfixe ki- me semble vraiment plus likongo que lingala, les classes de mots lingalas que je connais étant composé de mo-, ba-, mi-, li-, ma-, e-, bi-, n- ou m-, lo-, bo-, ko- ou sans préfixe. La racine étant gresi, ki+gresi ne me semble donc pas "classique". ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 07:46, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:17, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) :Salut Themalau, :Je pourrais essayer répondre exactement dans une semaine quand je serai en Belgique avec les dictionnaires lingalas que je possède. Pour « mokambi-ekolo », c'est mieux comme terme à utiliser que « tata-mokonzi », pour éviter le sexisme mais aussi pour être plus exact. Certains pays n'ont pas un président comme Chef d'état mais un roi ou quelqu'un avec un autre titre. Comment dit-on Premier ministre, Vice-président, Émir et les autres titres en lingala? :Pour éffacer des pages, seul un Administrateur peut le faire, il faut donc demander à [[User:Bombo|Bombo]]. On peut créer une page Wikipedia:Pages à supprimer. Comment dit-on "Pages à supprimer" : Mankásá mpɛ kopangwisa? :Merci ----[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Nord, sud, est et ouest == Salut, le dicitonnaire lingála-falansé que j'ai sous la main me donne : * nord - likoló * est - monyɛlɛ * sud - nsé, súdi * ouest - eloli, límbe ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 23:28, 8 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) :On a donc Áfrika ya Nsé pour l'Afrique du Sud. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 09:44, 9 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) == Administrateur == Premierement un grand merci a Themalau et Moyogo pour votre travail. Si vous trouvez des menus qui sont toujours en anglais, je les changerais volontiers - si vous m'envoyez une traduction. Tout ce qui est en lingala justqu'a present, est un travail avec le dictionnaire enorme de Dzokanga qui ce trouve dans 'ma' bibliotheque municipale... et avec le soutien de Moyogo Pour les mots cite par Themalau, je vais les verifier des mon retour en Suisse en fin aout.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:31, 11 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) :: Salut Themalau :: C'est aujourd'hui que j'ai découvert ta question "Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia?" sur la page de discussion de Moyogo. Avec le statut d'Admnistrateur, tu pourras le faire. Si tu es d'accord, tu pourras lancer ta candidature http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Moyángeli#Propositions_de_candidature_en_cours :: Merci pour ton travail et tes contributions. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:35, 20 septembere 2005 (UTC) Resalut Themalau, Si tu veux demander le status d'administrateur tu peux suivre les instructions sur la page [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli]], il faut ensuite rajouter la demande sur la page [[meta:Requests for permissions#Admins for Wikipedias]]. Lorsque nous serons administrateur ce sera plus simple de faire des changements d'interface, mais en général je pense que ce serait mieux d'avoir un peu de discussion avant chaque changement non mineur. La page [[Wikipedia talk:Community Portal]], dont il faudra traduire le nom, est le meilleur endroit je pense. J'ai déjà un peu d'expérience en tant qu'admin, sur le [[wiktionary:fr:User:Moyogo|Wiktionnaire]] ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 05:34, 28 septembere 2005 (UTC) == traductions "République démocratique du Congo" == :Salut Themalau,<br/> J'ai pris les titres utilisés dans les traductions du projet de Consitution (en mettant les accents et caractères spéciaux si nécessaires). Les traductions ne sont peut-être pas les meilleures mais on le statut d'être officielles. http://www.cei-rdc.org/article.php3?id_article=5 Je pense qu'un autre texte officielle utilisait le terme précédent pour le lingala.---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 21:25, 3 novembere 2005 (UTC) ==[[l'Église Véritable de Jésus]]== '''Salut Themalau!''' Could you please kindly help me create a stub for [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/l'Église_Véritable_de_Jésus this article] - based on the [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9ritable_%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9sus French article]. 2-5 lines would be sufficient enough and your help would be gratefully appreciated. ''Thankyou very much Themalau''. Your help would be gratefully appreciated. This church was established in the Democratic Republic of the Congo since 2004. Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Joseph]] 05:02 mokɔlɔ ya míbalé 2 mai 2006 (UTC) == [[Kurów]] == Could you please write a stub http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w - just a few sentences based on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w or FR wiki? Only 2 -5 sentences enough. Please. [[:pl:User:Pietras1988|Pietras1988]] 18:21, 22 avril 2006 (UTC) 8094 2006-05-02T05:24:23Z 132.181.7.1 /* [[l'Église Véritable de Jésus]] */ Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions! Dear Themalau, Thank you very much for your contributions. I'looking forward for the rest of the translation from English to Lingalá. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:49, 21 yuli 2005 (UTC) == Mbɔ́tɛ! == Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions, c'est vraiment génial. Si tu as besoin d'aide ou des questions n'hésite surtout pas. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Orthographe lingala == Merci beaucoup pour tes articles Themalau, je t'encourage à continuer. Je possède deux dictionnaires lingalas (mais je suis pour l'instant en voyage). Je suis en train de monter une liste pour un correcteur d'orthographe. L'orthographe pour le Congo est Kɔ́ngɔ, mais on peut toujours revérifier avec plusieurs sources. À propos de [[Kimokristo]], dans mes notes, j'ai bokristu et boklísto. Kimokristo me semble bizarre car il y a le préfixe mo- précéder par le préfixe ki- qui n'est pas habituel en lingala. Mokristo étant le terme désignant un « chrétien » , je me trompe ? Pour le christianisme, l'islam et le judaïsme ne devrait-on pas avoir [[boklisto]] (ou bokristo), [[boislamu]] et [[boyuda]]? Avec moklisto (ou mokristo), moislamu et moyuda pour les croyants respectifs ? Je me suis permis de modifier "ba komini" en "bakomini", tu veux bien dire communes (au pluriel)? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 07:34, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Ah, j'oubliais, pour la langue grec, n'est-ce pas [[ligresi]] au lieu de kigresi. Le préfixe ki- me semble vraiment plus likongo que lingala, les classes de mots lingalas que je connais étant composé de mo-, ba-, mi-, li-, ma-, e-, bi-, n- ou m-, lo-, bo-, ko- ou sans préfixe. La racine étant gresi, ki+gresi ne me semble donc pas "classique". ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 07:46, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:17, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) :Salut Themalau, :Je pourrais essayer répondre exactement dans une semaine quand je serai en Belgique avec les dictionnaires lingalas que je possède. Pour « mokambi-ekolo », c'est mieux comme terme à utiliser que « tata-mokonzi », pour éviter le sexisme mais aussi pour être plus exact. Certains pays n'ont pas un président comme Chef d'état mais un roi ou quelqu'un avec un autre titre. Comment dit-on Premier ministre, Vice-président, Émir et les autres titres en lingala? :Pour éffacer des pages, seul un Administrateur peut le faire, il faut donc demander à [[User:Bombo|Bombo]]. On peut créer une page Wikipedia:Pages à supprimer. Comment dit-on "Pages à supprimer" : Mankásá mpɛ kopangwisa? :Merci ----[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Nord, sud, est et ouest == Salut, le dicitonnaire lingála-falansé que j'ai sous la main me donne : * nord - likoló * est - monyɛlɛ * sud - nsé, súdi * ouest - eloli, límbe ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 23:28, 8 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) :On a donc Áfrika ya Nsé pour l'Afrique du Sud. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 09:44, 9 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) == Administrateur == Premierement un grand merci a Themalau et Moyogo pour votre travail. Si vous trouvez des menus qui sont toujours en anglais, je les changerais volontiers - si vous m'envoyez une traduction. Tout ce qui est en lingala justqu'a present, est un travail avec le dictionnaire enorme de Dzokanga qui ce trouve dans 'ma' bibliotheque municipale... et avec le soutien de Moyogo Pour les mots cite par Themalau, je vais les verifier des mon retour en Suisse en fin aout.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:31, 11 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) :: Salut Themalau :: C'est aujourd'hui que j'ai découvert ta question "Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia?" sur la page de discussion de Moyogo. Avec le statut d'Admnistrateur, tu pourras le faire. Si tu es d'accord, tu pourras lancer ta candidature http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Moyángeli#Propositions_de_candidature_en_cours :: Merci pour ton travail et tes contributions. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:35, 20 septembere 2005 (UTC) Resalut Themalau, Si tu veux demander le status d'administrateur tu peux suivre les instructions sur la page [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli]], il faut ensuite rajouter la demande sur la page [[meta:Requests for permissions#Admins for Wikipedias]]. Lorsque nous serons administrateur ce sera plus simple de faire des changements d'interface, mais en général je pense que ce serait mieux d'avoir un peu de discussion avant chaque changement non mineur. La page [[Wikipedia talk:Community Portal]], dont il faudra traduire le nom, est le meilleur endroit je pense. J'ai déjà un peu d'expérience en tant qu'admin, sur le [[wiktionary:fr:User:Moyogo|Wiktionnaire]] ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 05:34, 28 septembere 2005 (UTC) == traductions "République démocratique du Congo" == :Salut Themalau,<br/> J'ai pris les titres utilisés dans les traductions du projet de Consitution (en mettant les accents et caractères spéciaux si nécessaires). Les traductions ne sont peut-être pas les meilleures mais on le statut d'être officielles. http://www.cei-rdc.org/article.php3?id_article=5 Je pense qu'un autre texte officielle utilisait le terme précédent pour le lingala.---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 21:25, 3 novembere 2005 (UTC) ==[[l'Église Véritable de Jésus]]== '''Salut Themalau!''' Could you please kindly help me create a stub for [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/l'Église_Véritable_de_Jésus this article] - based on the [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9ritable_%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9sus French article] or the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church English article]. 2-5 lines would be sufficient enough and your help would be gratefully appreciated. ''Thankyou very much''. Your help would be gratefully appreciated. This church was established in the Democratic Republic of the Congo since 2004. Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Joseph]] 05:02 mokɔlɔ ya míbalé 2 mai 2006 (UTC) == [[Kurów]] == Could you please write a stub http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w - just a few sentences based on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w or FR wiki? Only 2 -5 sentences enough. Please. [[:pl:User:Pietras1988|Pietras1988]] 18:21, 22 avril 2006 (UTC) 8117 2006-05-10T19:10:43Z 87.207.248.19 Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions! Dear Themalau, Thank you very much for your contributions. I'looking forward for the rest of the translation from English to Lingalá. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:49, 21 yuli 2005 (UTC) == Mbɔ́tɛ! == Salut Themalau, Merci pour tes contributions, c'est vraiment génial. Si tu as besoin d'aide ou des questions n'hésite surtout pas. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Orthographe lingala == Merci beaucoup pour tes articles Themalau, je t'encourage à continuer. Je possède deux dictionnaires lingalas (mais je suis pour l'instant en voyage). Je suis en train de monter une liste pour un correcteur d'orthographe. L'orthographe pour le Congo est Kɔ́ngɔ, mais on peut toujours revérifier avec plusieurs sources. À propos de [[Kimokristo]], dans mes notes, j'ai bokristu et boklísto. Kimokristo me semble bizarre car il y a le préfixe mo- précéder par le préfixe ki- qui n'est pas habituel en lingala. Mokristo étant le terme désignant un « chrétien » , je me trompe ? Pour le christianisme, l'islam et le judaïsme ne devrait-on pas avoir [[boklisto]] (ou bokristo), [[boislamu]] et [[boyuda]]? Avec moklisto (ou mokristo), moislamu et moyuda pour les croyants respectifs ? Je me suis permis de modifier "ba komini" en "bakomini", tu veux bien dire communes (au pluriel)? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 07:34, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Ah, j'oubliais, pour la langue grec, n'est-ce pas [[ligresi]] au lieu de kigresi. Le préfixe ki- me semble vraiment plus likongo que lingala, les classes de mots lingalas que je connais étant composé de mo-, ba-, mi-, li-, ma-, e-, bi-, n- ou m-, lo-, bo-, ko- ou sans préfixe. La racine étant gresi, ki+gresi ne me semble donc pas "classique". ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 07:46, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:17, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) :Salut Themalau, :Je pourrais essayer répondre exactement dans une semaine quand je serai en Belgique avec les dictionnaires lingalas que je possède. Pour « mokambi-ekolo », c'est mieux comme terme à utiliser que « tata-mokonzi », pour éviter le sexisme mais aussi pour être plus exact. Certains pays n'ont pas un président comme Chef d'état mais un roi ou quelqu'un avec un autre titre. Comment dit-on Premier ministre, Vice-président, Émir et les autres titres en lingala? :Pour éffacer des pages, seul un Administrateur peut le faire, il faut donc demander à [[User:Bombo|Bombo]]. On peut créer une page Wikipedia:Pages à supprimer. Comment dit-on "Pages à supprimer" : Mankásá mpɛ kopangwisa? :Merci ----[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] == Nord, sud, est et ouest == Salut, le dicitonnaire lingála-falansé que j'ai sous la main me donne : * nord - likoló * est - monyɛlɛ * sud - nsé, súdi * ouest - eloli, límbe ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 23:28, 8 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) :On a donc Áfrika ya Nsé pour l'Afrique du Sud. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 09:44, 9 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) == Administrateur == Premierement un grand merci a Themalau et Moyogo pour votre travail. Si vous trouvez des menus qui sont toujours en anglais, je les changerais volontiers - si vous m'envoyez une traduction. Tout ce qui est en lingala justqu'a present, est un travail avec le dictionnaire enorme de Dzokanga qui ce trouve dans 'ma' bibliotheque municipale... et avec le soutien de Moyogo Pour les mots cite par Themalau, je vais les verifier des mon retour en Suisse en fin aout.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:31, 11 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) :: Salut Themalau :: C'est aujourd'hui que j'ai découvert ta question "Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia?" sur la page de discussion de Moyogo. Avec le statut d'Admnistrateur, tu pourras le faire. Si tu es d'accord, tu pourras lancer ta candidature http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Moyángeli#Propositions_de_candidature_en_cours :: Merci pour ton travail et tes contributions. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:35, 20 septembere 2005 (UTC) Resalut Themalau, Si tu veux demander le status d'administrateur tu peux suivre les instructions sur la page [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli]], il faut ensuite rajouter la demande sur la page [[meta:Requests for permissions#Admins for Wikipedias]]. Lorsque nous serons administrateur ce sera plus simple de faire des changements d'interface, mais en général je pense que ce serait mieux d'avoir un peu de discussion avant chaque changement non mineur. La page [[Wikipedia talk:Community Portal]], dont il faudra traduire le nom, est le meilleur endroit je pense. J'ai déjà un peu d'expérience en tant qu'admin, sur le [[wiktionary:fr:User:Moyogo|Wiktionnaire]] ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 05:34, 28 septembere 2005 (UTC) == traductions "République démocratique du Congo" == :Salut Themalau,<br/> J'ai pris les titres utilisés dans les traductions du projet de Consitution (en mettant les accents et caractères spéciaux si nécessaires). Les traductions ne sont peut-être pas les meilleures mais on le statut d'être officielles. http://www.cei-rdc.org/article.php3?id_article=5 Je pense qu'un autre texte officielle utilisait le terme précédent pour le lingala.---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 21:25, 3 novembere 2005 (UTC) ==[[l'Église Véritable de Jésus]]== '''Salut Themalau!''' Could you please kindly help me create a stub for [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/l'Église_Véritable_de_Jésus this article] - based on the [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9ritable_%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9sus French article] or the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church English article]. 2-5 lines would be sufficient enough and your help would be gratefully appreciated. ''Thankyou very much''. Your help would be gratefully appreciated. This church was established in the Democratic Republic of the Congo since 2004. Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Joseph]] 05:02 mokɔlɔ ya míbalé 2 mai 2006 (UTC) == [[Kurów]] == Could you please write a stub http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w - just a few sentences based on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w or FR wiki? Only 2 -5 sentences enough. Please. [[:pl:User:Pietras1988|Pietras1988]] 18:21, 22 avril 2006 (UTC) == Katowice == Hello. I'm wikipedia redactor from [[Poland]]. We do some action for tranlation atricle about one of the biggest polish city [[simple:Katowice]]. Could You make some translation into Your native language of this article ? Just a few senteces. Please. There is source article in English: [[:en:Katowice]]. Best Regards. [[:pl:user:Stimoroll|Stimoroll form Poland]] Wikipedia:Babel 1615 5462 2005-07-21T15:52:47Z Bombo 12 Les '''modèles d'utilisateurs par langue''' permettent de faciliter la communication entre utilisateurs pratiquant différentes langues. Ils ont été développés, à l'origine, sur [[commons:Commons:Babel|Wikimedia Commons]], puis repris dans [[meta:Meta:Babel templates|Meta-Wiki]] puis dans divers Wikipedia et aussi, récemment, dans le Wikinews francophone (« gamme » volontairement limitée aux douze langues actuelles du projet Wikinews). Voir aussi les modèles disponibles sur [[commons:Commons:Babel]] ou sur [[meta:Meta:Babel templates]]. Pour certaines langues, la « gamme » de modèles est encore incomplète : il est également conseillé d'aller voir de temps en temps [[:en:Wikipedia:Babel]] sur le Wikipedia anglophone, dont la « gamme » étendue diffère sensiblement de celles de commons: et meta:. <div style="border: 1px solid #999; padding: 0 0.5em 0 0.5em; margin: 0.5em"> Vous ne parlez pas <span style="color: red">'''français'''</span> ? Voir : [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Deutsch|Deutsch]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#English|English]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Español|Español]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Italiano|Italiano]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#日本語|日本語]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#한국어|한국어]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Nederlands|Nederlands]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Português|Português]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Slovenščina|Slovenščina]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Serbian/Српски|Serbian/Српски]] - [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Svenska|Svenska]] - [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#中文|中文]] - [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Bân-lâm-gú|Bân-lâm-gú]] </div> __NOTOC__ == Sommaire == <div style="margin: 1em 2em 0 2em; padding: 0.5em; background-color: #f9f9f9; border:1px solid #aaaaaa"> 1. '''[[#Les modèles Babel-x|Les modèles Babel-x]]''' – 2. '''[[#Création de catégories et de modèles pour une langue|Création de catégories et de modèles pour une langue]]''' – 3. '''[[#Langues|Langues]]''' : <div style="margin-left: 2em"> {{accès langue|af|afrikaans}} {{accès langue|als|alémanique}} {{accès langue|ang|anglo-saxon}} {{accès langue|ar|arabe}} {{accès langue|ast|asturien}} {{accès langue|be|biélorusse}} {{accès langue|bg|bulgare}} {{accès langue|bs|bosniaque}} {{accès langue|ca|catalan}} {{accès langue|co|corse}} {{accès langue|cs|tchèque}} {{accès langue|cy|gallois}} {{accès langue|da|danois}} {{accès langue|de|allemand}} {{accès langue|el|grec moderne}} {{accès langue|en|anglais}} {{accès langue|eo|espéranto}} {{accès langue|es|espagnol}} {{accès langue|et|estonien}} {{accès langue|fa|persan}} {{accès langue|fi|finnois}} {{accès langue|fo|féroïen}} {{accès langue|fr|français}} {{accès langue|fur|frioulan}} {{accès langue|fy|frison}} {{accès langue|ga|irlandais}} {{accès langue|gd|écossais}} {{accès langue|gl|galicien}} {{accès langue|gal|gallo}} {{accès langue|gu|gujarati}} {{accès langue|he|hébreu}} {{accès langue|hi|hindi}} {{accès langue|hr|croate}} {{accès langue|hu|hongrois}} {{accès langue|hy|arménien}} {{accès langue|ia|interlingua}} {{accès langue|id|indonésien}} {{accès langue|io|ido}} {{accès langue|is|islandais}} {{accès langue|it|italien}} {{accès langue|ja|japonais}} {{accès langue|jv|javanais}} {{accès langue|kn|kannara}} {{accès langue|ko|coréen}} {{accès langue|la|latin}} {{accès langue|lb|luxembourgeois}} {{accès langue|li|limbourgeois}} {{accès langue|lt|lituanien}} {{accès langue|lv|letton}} {{accès langue|mk|macédonien}} {{accès langue|ms|malais}} {{accès langue|nd|normand}} {{accès langue|nds|bas-allemand}} {{accès langue|nl|néerlandais}} {{accès langue|nn|nynorsk}} {{accès langue|no|norvégien}} {{accès langue|os|ossète}} {{accès langue|pl|polonais}} {{accès langue|pt|portugais}} {{accès langue|qu|quechua}} {{accès langue|ro|roumain}} {{accès langue|ru|russe}} {{accès langue|sa|sanskrit}} {{accès langue|sc|sarde}} {{accès langue|scn|sicilien}} {{accès langue|sk|slovaque}} {{accès langue|sl|slovène}} {{accès langue|sq|albanais}} {{accès langue|sr|serbe}} {{accès langue|sv|suédois}} {{accès langue|sw|swahili}} {{accès langue|ta|tamoul}} {{accès langue|th|thaï}} {{accès langue|tl|tagalog}} {{accès langue|tr|turc}} {{accès langue|tt|tatar}} {{accès langue|uk|ukrainien}} {{accès langue|ur|ourdou}} {{accès langue|vi|vietnamien}} {{accès langue|wa|wallon}} {{accès langue|yi|yiddish}} {{accès langue|zh|Langue chinoise}} {{accès langue|zh-min-nan|minnan}} </div> </div> == Les modèles Babel-x == Il existe des modèles prédéfinis qui créent un tableau « flottant » à droite de la page où ils sont appelés. Le modèle à appeler est fonction du nombre de langues parlées par l'utilisateur. Par exemple {{m|Babel-1}} pour un utilisateur unilingue, {{m|Babel-2}} pour un utilisateur parlant 2 langues, jusqu'à {{m|Babel-6}} pour un utilisateur parlant 6 langues (encore qu'on puisse créer des modèles supplémentaires en cas de nécessité). Même si cela paraît une évidence, il faut préciser qu'il paraît logique, même si c'est facultatif, qu'un utilisateur liste les langues qu'il pratique dans l'ordre décroissant des connaissances qu'il en a, la ou les langues maternelles en premier, puis les langues moins bien connues... {| | {| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px; text-align: center" |- | '''[[Wikipédia:Babel]]''' |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''fr'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Cette personne a pour '''[[:Catégorie:Utilisateur fr-M|langue maternelle]]''' le '''[[:Catégorie:Utilisateur fr|français]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''en-2'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">This user is able to contribute with an '''[[:Catégorie:Utilisateur en-2|intermediate]]''' level of '''[[:Catégorie:Utilisateur en|English]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''de-1'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Dieser Benutzer hat '''[[:Catégorie:Utilisateur de-1|grundlegende]] [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur de|Deutschkenntnisse]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |} <big>'''Exemple 1 : utilisateur trilingue (incluant le français)'''<big> Un utilisateur parlant trois langues pourra par exemple insérer dans sa page utilisateur (et dans celle-là seulement, surtout pas dans sa page de discussion) le modèle {{m|babel-3}} via la syntaxe <nowiki>{{babel-3|fr|en-2|de-1}}</nowiki>. L'appel d'un de ces modèles dans une page utilisateur, avec les bons critères (voir ci-dessous), ajoute en outre la catégorie correspondant à chacune des langues. Remarquez que, dans l'illustration ci-contre, les catégories ne sont volontairement pas appelées, afin de ne pas catégoriser inutilement la présente page. |} {| style="margin-top: 1em" | {| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px; text-align: center" |- | '''[[Wikipédia:Babel]]''' |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''en'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">This user is a native '''[[:Category:Utilisateur en|English speaker]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''pl-3'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Ten użytkownik posługuje się '''[[:Catégorie:Utilisateur pl|językiem polskim]]''' na poziomie '''[[:Catégorie:Utilisateur pl-3|zaawansowanym]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #ffb3b3 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#ffe0e8"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#ffb3b3;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''fr-0'''</td> <td style="font-size:0.9em;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Cet utilisateur [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur fr-0|'''ne comprend pas''']] le '''[[:Catégorie:Utilisateur fr|français]]''', ou seulement avec des difficultés notables.</td> </tr></table></div> |} <big>'''Exemple 2 : utilisateur bilingue<br />(et précisant sa méconnaissance du français)'''</big> En outre, un utilisateur de wikipédias non francophone – ou qui estime avoir un niveau très insuffisant en français –, par exemple un participant à une autre wikipédia inscrit sur la wikipédia francophone dans le but de faire des liens interlangues vers « sa » wikipédia de prédilection ou vers d'autres, pourra également appeler dans l'un ou l'autre des modèles Babel, un critère fr-0, qui signale sa faible connaissance de la langue française. Remarquer que, dans l'illustration ci-contre, les catégories ne sont volontairement pas appelées, afin de ne pas catégoriser inutilement la présente page. |} == Création de catégories et de modèles pour une langue == Si vous avez besoin de créer des modèles pour une langue : :'''1.''' Créer la catégorie « mère » <nowiki>[[Catégorie:Utilisateur ??]]</nowiki> (liée à la catégorie supérieure [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]]), :'''2.''' Créer les quatre catégories « filles » : ::*<nowiki>[[Catégorie:Utilisateur ??-M]]</nowiki> (langue maternelle) ::*<nowiki>[[Catégorie:Utilisateur ??-3]]</nowiki> (niveau avancé) ::*<nowiki>[[Catégorie:Utilisateur ??-2]]</nowiki> (niveau intermédiaire) ::*<nowiki>[[Catégorie:Utilisateur ??-1]]</nowiki> (niveau de base) ::chacune liée à la catégorie « mère » <nowiki>[[Catégorie:Utilisateur ??]]</nowiki> :'''3.''' Créer les quatre modèles : ::*<nowiki>{{Modèle:User ??}}</nowiki>, lié à la <nowiki>[[Catégorie:Utilisateur ??]]</nowiki> et à la <nowiki>[[Catégorie:Utilisateur ??-M]]</nowiki> ::*<nowiki>{{Modèle:User ??-3}}</nowiki>, lié à la <nowiki>[[Catégorie:Utilisateur ??]]</nowiki> et à la <nowiki>[[Catégorie:Utilisateur ??-3]]</nowiki> ::*<nowiki>{{Modèle:User ??-2}}</nowiki>, lié à la <nowiki>[[Catégorie:Utilisateur ??]]</nowiki> et à la <nowiki>[[Catégorie:Utilisateur ??-2]]</nowiki> ::*<nowiki>{{Modèle:User ??-1}}</nowiki>, lié à la <nowiki>[[Catégorie:Utilisateur ??]]</nowiki> et à la <nowiki>[[Catégorie:Utilisateur ??-1]]</nowiki> :'''4.''' Créer l'« éventail » des modèles d'une langue dans une sous-page <nowiki>[[Wikipédia:Babel/??]]</nowiki> en saisissant simplement, dans la sous-page, <nowiki>{{éventail langue|??}}</nowiki> ?? = préfixe de la langue :'''5.''' Créer ci-dessous, si elle n'est pas préexistante, la section consacrée à une langue, en utilisant simplement, dans la section « Langues » ci-dessous, le modèle {{m|sommaire langue}}, avec la syntaxe : ::'''<nowiki>{{sommaire langue | préfixe | nom de la langue (dans la langue) | nom de la langue (en français)}}</nowiki>''' :::Exemple : '''<nowiki>{{sommaire langue | en | English | anglais}}</nowiki>''' == Langues == Classées, comme sur la plupart des wikis, par ordre alphabétique du préfixe de la langue. <div style="float:right;border:solid #ffb3b3 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#ffe0e8"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#ffb3b3;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''fr-0'''</td> <td style="font-size:0.9em;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Cette personne [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur fr-0|'''ne comprend pas''']] le '''[[:Catégorie:Utilisateur fr|français]]''', ou seulement avec des difficultés notables.</td> </tr></table></div> ::modèle et catégorie supplémentaires '''pour ceux qui ne parlent pas le français''' (template and category '''for those who do not speak French''') : ::{{m|User fr-0}} – Catégorie associée : [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur fr-0]] (directement rangée dans [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]]) ::Pour information : liste des Wikipedias disposant d'un modèle comparable à {{m|User fr-0}} (et à n'utiliser que sur le Wikipedia concerné) ::[[:ar:قالب:مستخدم ar-0]] (arabe), [[:bg:Шаблон:User bg-0]] (bulgare), [[:ca:Template:Babel ca-0]] (catalan), [[:cs:Šablona:User cs-0]] (tchèque), [[:de:Vorlage:User de-0]] (allemand), [[:en:Template:User en-0]] (anglais), [[:es:Plantilla:·Usuarios por idioma (es-0)]] (espagnol), [[:fi:Malline:User fi-0]] (finnois), [[:ga:Múnla:Úsáideoir ga-0]] (irlandais), [[:id:Templat:User id-0]] (indonésien), [[:it:Template:Utente it-0]] (italien), [[:ja:Template:User ja-0]] (japonais), [[:ko:Template:User ko-0]] (coréen), [[:na:Template:User na-0]] (nauruan), [[:pl:Szablon:User pl-0]] (polonais), [[:pt:Predefinição:User pt-0]] (portugais), [[:qu:Template:Ruwaq:qu-0]] (quechua), [[:ru:Template:User ru-0]] (russe), [[:scn:Template:User scn-0]] (sicilien), [[:sl:Template:User sl-0]] (slovène), [[:sr:Template:User sr-0]] (serbe), [[:sv:Mall:Användare sv-0]] (suédois), [[:uk:Шаблон:User uk-0]] (ukrainien) – ''liste non exhaustive''... {{sommaire langue|af|Afrikaans|afrikaans}} {{sommaire langue|als|Alemannisch|alémanique}} {{sommaire langue|ang|Anglo Saxon|anglo-saxon}} {{sommaire langue|ar|العربية [Arabiiya]|arabe}} {{sommaire langue|ast|Asturianu|asturien}} {{sommaire langue|be|Беларуская [Belaruskaja]|biélorusse}} {{sommaire langue|bg|български [Bulgarski]|bulgare}} {{sommaire langue|bs|Bosanski|bosniaque}} {{sommaire langue|ca|Català|catalan}} {{sommaire langue|co|Corsu|corse}} {{sommaire langue|cs|Český|tchèque}} {{sommaire langue|cy|Cymraeg|gallois}} {{sommaire langue|da|Dansk|danois}} {{sommaire langue|de|Deutsch|allemand}} {{sommaire langue|el|Ελληνικά [Ellinika]|grec moderne}} {{sommaire langue|en|English|anglais}} {{sommaire langue|eo|Esperanto|espéranto}} {{sommaire langue|es|Español|espagnol}} {{sommaire langue|et|Eesti|estonien}} {{sommaire langue|fa|فارسی [Faarsi]|persan}} {{sommaire langue|fi|Suomi|finnois}} {{sommaire langue|fo|Føroyskt|féroïen}} {{sommaire langue|fr|Français|français}} {{sommaire langue|fur|Furlan|frioulan}} {{sommaire langue|fy|Frysk|frison}} {{sommaire langue|ga|Gaeilge|irlandais}} {{sommaire langue|gd|Gàidhlig|écossais}} {{sommaire langue|gl|Galego|galicien}} {{sommaire langue|gal|Galo|gallo}} {{sommaire langue|gu|ગુજરાતી [Gujrâtî]|gujarati}} {{sommaire langue|he|עברית [Ivrit]|hébreu}} {{sommaire langue|hi|हिन्दी [Hindî]|hindi}} {{sommaire langue|hr|Hrvatski|croate}} {{sommaire langue|hu|Magyar|hongrois}} {{sommaire langue|hy|Հայերեն [Haybodon]|arménien}} {{sommaire langue|ia|Interlingua|interlingua}} {{sommaire langue|id|Bahasa Indonesia|indonésien}} {{sommaire langue|io|Ido|ido}} {{sommaire langue|is|Íslenska|islandais}} {{sommaire langue|it|Italiano|italien}} {{sommaire langue|ja|日本語 [Nihongo]|japonais}} {{sommaire langue|jv|Basa Jawa|javanais}} {{sommaire langue|kn|ಕನ್ನಡ [Kannadda]|kannara}} {{sommaire langue|ko|한국어 [Hangugeo]|coréen}} {{sommaire langue|la|Latina|latin}} {{sommaire langue|lb|Lëtzebuergesch|luxembourgeois}} {{sommaire langue|li|Limburgs|limbourgeois}} {{sommaire langue|lt|Lietuvių|lituanien}} {{sommaire langue|lv|Latviešu|letton}} {{sommaire langue|mk|Македонски [Makedonski]|macédonien}} {{sommaire langue|ms|Bahasa Melayu|malais}} {{sommaire langue|nds|Plattdüütsch|bas-allemand}} {{sommaire langue|nl|Nederlands|néerlandais}} {{sommaire langue|nn|Nynorsk|nynorsk}} {{sommaire langue|no|Norsk|norvégien}} {{sommaire langue|os|Ирон [Iron]|ossète}} {{sommaire langue|pl|Polski|polonais}} {{sommaire langue|pt|Português|portugais}} {{sommaire langue|qu|Runa Simi|quechua}} {{sommaire langue|ro|Română|roumain}} {{sommaire langue|ru|Русский [Russkii]|russe}} {{sommaire langue|sa|संस्कृत [Samskrta]|sanskrit}} {{sommaire langue|sc|Sardu|sarde}} {{sommaire langue|scn|Sicilianu|sicilien}} {{sommaire langue|sk|Slovenčina|slovaque}} {{sommaire langue|sl|Slovenščina|slovène}} {{sommaire langue|sq|shqip|albanais}} {{sommaire langue|sr|Српски / Srpski|serbe}} {{sommaire langue|sv|Svenska|suédois}} {{sommaire langue|sw|Kiswahili|swahili}} {{sommaire langue|ta|தமிழ் [Tamilll]|tamoul}} {{sommaire langue|th|ไทย [Thai]|thaï}} {{sommaire langue|tl|Tagalog|tagalog}} {{sommaire langue|tr|Türkçe|turc}} {{sommaire langue|tt|Tatarça|tatar}} {{sommaire langue|uk|Українська [Ukrainska]|ukrainien}} {{sommaire langue|ur|اردو [Urdu]|ourdou}} {{sommaire langue|vi|Tiếng Việt|vietnamien}} {{sommaire langue|wa|Walon|wallon}} {{sommaire langue|yi|ייִדיש [Yidish]|yiddish}} {{sommaire langue|zh|中文 [zhōngwén]|langue chinoise}} {{sommaire langue|zh-min-nan|Bân-lâm-gú|minnan}} [[Catégorie:Wikipédia|Babel]] <!-- Liens interlangues : les interwikis ne sont pas classés, sur le Wikipédia francophone, d'après les préfixes de langue, mais d'après le nom de la langue. S'il vous plaît, ne touchez pas à l'ordre existant. --> <!-- Interlanguage links: interwikis are not ordered, on French Wikipedia, by language codes, but by language names. Please leave the order as it is. --> [[ar:ويكيبيديا:بابل]] [[ast:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Babel]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Babel]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Babylón]] [[de:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[en:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[es:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babel]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Baibéal]] [[ko:위키백과:바벨]] [[id:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[it:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[li:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[mi:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[na:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[ja:Wikipedia:バベル]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Wieża Babel]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[ru:Википедия:Вавилон]] [[scn:Wikipedia:Babeli]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Babilon]] [[sr:Википедија:Језичке кутијице]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[uk:Вікіпедія:Вавілон]] 5463 2005-07-21T16:09:11Z Bombo 12 '''CETTE PAGE EST A TRADUIRE --- vous parlez le lingala? Merci de traduire une partie ou la page entiere en lingala.''' Les '''modèles d'utilisateurs par langue''' permettent de faciliter la communication entre utilisateurs pratiquant différentes langues. Ils ont été développés, à l'origine, sur [[commons:Commons:Babel|Wikimedia Commons]], puis repris dans [[meta:Meta:Babel templates|Meta-Wiki]] puis dans divers Wikipedia et aussi, récemment, dans le Wikinews francophone (« gamme » volontairement limitée aux douze langues actuelles du projet Wikinews). Voir aussi les modèles disponibles sur [[commons:Commons:Babel]] ou sur [[meta:Meta:Babel templates]]. Pour certaines langues, la « gamme » de modèles est encore incomplète : il est également conseillé d'aller voir de temps en temps [[:en:Wikipedia:Babel]] sur le Wikipedia anglophone, dont la « gamme » étendue diffère sensiblement de celles de commons: et meta:. <div style="border: 1px solid #999; padding: 0 0.5em 0 0.5em; margin: 0.5em"> Vous ne parlez pas <span style="color: red">'''français'''</span> ? Voir : [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Deutsch|Deutsch]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#English|English]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Español|Español]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Italiano|Italiano]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#日本語|日本語]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#한국어|한국어]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Nederlands|Nederlands]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Português|Português]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Slovenščina|Slovenščina]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Serbian/Српски|Serbian/Српски]] - [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Svenska|Svenska]] - [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#中文|中文]] - [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Bân-lâm-gú|Bân-lâm-gú]] </div> __NOTOC__ == Sommaire == <div style="margin: 1em 2em 0 2em; padding: 0.5em; background-color: #f9f9f9; border:1px solid #aaaaaa"> 1. '''[[#Les modèles Babel-x|Les modèles Babel-x]]''' – 2. '''[[#Création de catégories et de modèles pour une langue|Création de catégories et de modèles pour une langue]]''' – 3. '''[[#Langues|Langues]]''' : <div style="margin-left: 2em"> {{accès langue|af|afrikaans}} {{accès langue|als|alémanique}} {{accès langue|ang|anglo-saxon}} {{accès langue|ar|arabe}} {{accès langue|ast|asturien}} {{accès langue|be|biélorusse}} {{accès langue|bg|bulgare}} {{accès langue|bs|bosniaque}} {{accès langue|ca|catalan}} {{accès langue|co|corse}} {{accès langue|cs|tchèque}} {{accès langue|cy|gallois}} {{accès langue|da|danois}} {{accès langue|de|allemand}} {{accès langue|el|grec moderne}} {{accès langue|en|anglais}} {{accès langue|eo|espéranto}} {{accès langue|es|espagnol}} {{accès langue|et|estonien}} {{accès langue|fa|persan}} {{accès langue|fi|finnois}} {{accès langue|fo|féroïen}} {{accès langue|fr|français}} {{accès langue|fur|frioulan}} {{accès langue|fy|frison}} {{accès langue|ga|irlandais}} {{accès langue|gd|écossais}} {{accès langue|gl|galicien}} {{accès langue|gal|gallo}} {{accès langue|gu|gujarati}} {{accès langue|he|hébreu}} {{accès langue|hi|hindi}} {{accès langue|hr|croate}} {{accès langue|hu|hongrois}} {{accès langue|hy|arménien}} {{accès langue|ia|interlingua}} {{accès langue|id|indonésien}} {{accès langue|io|ido}} {{accès langue|is|islandais}} {{accès langue|it|italien}} {{accès langue|ja|japonais}} {{accès langue|jv|javanais}} {{accès langue|kn|kannara}} {{accès langue|ko|coréen}} {{accès langue|la|latin}} {{accès langue|lb|luxembourgeois}} {{accès langue|li|limbourgeois}} {{accès langue|ln|lingalá}} {{accès langue|lt|lituanien}} {{accès langue|lv|letton}} {{accès langue|mk|macédonien}} {{accès langue|ms|malais}} {{accès langue|nd|normand}} {{accès langue|nds|bas-allemand}} {{accès langue|nl|néerlandais}} {{accès langue|nn|nynorsk}} {{accès langue|no|norvégien}} {{accès langue|os|ossète}} {{accès langue|pl|polonais}} {{accès langue|pt|portugais}} {{accès langue|qu|quechua}} {{accès langue|ro|roumain}} {{accès langue|ru|russe}} {{accès langue|sa|sanskrit}} {{accès langue|sc|sarde}} {{accès langue|scn|sicilien}} {{accès langue|sk|slovaque}} {{accès langue|sl|slovène}} {{accès langue|sq|albanais}} {{accès langue|sr|serbe}} {{accès langue|sv|suédois}} {{accès langue|sw|swahili}} {{accès langue|ta|tamoul}} {{accès langue|th|thaï}} {{accès langue|tl|tagalog}} {{accès langue|tr|turc}} {{accès langue|tt|tatar}} {{accès langue|uk|ukrainien}} {{accès langue|ur|ourdou}} {{accès langue|vi|vietnamien}} {{accès langue|wa|wallon}} {{accès langue|yi|yiddish}} {{accès langue|zh|Langue chinoise}} {{accès langue|zh-min-nan|minnan}} </div> </div> == Les modèles Babel-x == Il existe des modèles prédéfinis qui créent un tableau « flottant » à droite de la page où ils sont appelés. Le modèle à appeler est fonction du nombre de langues parlées par l'utilisateur. Par exemple {{m|Babel-1}} pour un utilisateur unilingue, {{m|Babel-2}} pour un utilisateur parlant 2 langues, jusqu'à {{m|Babel-6}} pour un utilisateur parlant 6 langues (encore qu'on puisse créer des modèles supplémentaires en cas de nécessité). Même si cela paraît une évidence, il faut préciser qu'il paraît logique, même si c'est facultatif, qu'un utilisateur liste les langues qu'il pratique dans l'ordre décroissant des connaissances qu'il en a, la ou les langues maternelles en premier, puis les langues moins bien connues... {| | {| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px; text-align: center" |- | '''[[Wikipédia:Babel]]''' |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''fr'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Cette personne a pour '''[[:Category:User fr-M|langue maternelle]]''' le '''[[:Category:User fr|français]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''en-2'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">This user is able to contribute with an '''[[:Category:User en-2|intermediate]]''' level of '''[[:Category:User en|English]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''de-1'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Dieser Benutzer hat '''[[:Category:User de-1|grundlegende]] [[:Category:User de|Deutschkenntnisse]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |} <big>'''Exemple 1 : utilisateur trilingue (incluant le français)'''<big> Un utilisateur parlant trois langues pourra par exemple insérer dans sa page utilisateur (et dans celle-là seulement, surtout pas dans sa page de discussion) le modèle {{m|babel-3}} via la syntaxe <nowiki>{{babel-3|ln|fr-3|en-1}}</nowiki>. L'appel d'un de ces modèles dans une page utilisateur, avec les bons critères (voir ci-dessous), ajoute en outre la catégorie correspondant à chacune des langues. Remarquez que, dans l'illustration ci-contre, les catégories ne sont volontairement pas appelées, afin de ne pas catégoriser inutilement la présente page. |} {| style="margin-top: 1em" | {| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px; text-align: center" |- | '''[[Wikipédia:Babel]]''' |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''en'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">This user is a native '''[[:Category:User en|English speaker]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''pl-3'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Ten użytkownik posługuje się '''[[:Category:User pl|językiem polskim]]''' na poziomie '''[[:Category:User pl-3|zaawansowanym]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #ffb3b3 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#ffe0e8"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#ffb3b3;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''fr-0'''</td> <td style="font-size:0.9em;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Cet utilisateur [[:Category:User ln-0|'''ne comprend pas''']] le '''[[:Category:User ln|lingalá]]''', ou seulement avec des difficultés notables.</td> </tr></table></div> |} <big>'''Exemple 2 : utilisateur bilingue<br />(et précisant sa méconnaissance du lingalá)'''</big> En outre, un utilisateur de wikipédias non francophone – ou qui estime avoir un niveau très insuffisant en français –, par exemple un participant à une autre wikipédia inscrit sur la wikipédia francophone dans le but de faire des liens interlangues vers « sa » wikipédia de prédilection ou vers d'autres, pourra également appeler dans l'un ou l'autre des modèles Babel, un critère fr-0, qui signale sa faible connaissance de la langue française. Remarquer que, dans l'illustration ci-contre, les catégories ne sont volontairement pas appelées, afin de ne pas catégoriser inutilement la présente page. |} == Création de catégories et de modèles pour une langue == Si vous avez besoin de créer des modèles pour une langue : :'''1.''' Créer la catégorie « mère » <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> (liée à la catégorie supérieure [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]), :'''2.''' Créer les quatre catégories « filles » : ::*<nowiki>[[Category:User ??-M]]</nowiki> (langue maternelle) ::*<nowiki>[[Category:User ??-3]]</nowiki> (niveau avancé) ::*<nowiki>[[Category:User ??-2]]</nowiki> (niveau intermédiaire) ::*<nowiki>[[Category:User ??-1]]</nowiki> (niveau de base) ::chacune liée à la catégorie « mère » <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> :'''3.''' Créer les quatre modèles : ::*<nowiki>{{Modèle:User ??}}</nowiki>, lié à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> et à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??-M]]</nowiki> ::*<nowiki>{{Modèle:User ??-3}}</nowiki>, lié à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> et à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??-3]]</nowiki> ::*<nowiki>{{Modèle:User ??-2}}</nowiki>, lié à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> et à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??-2]]</nowiki> ::*<nowiki>{{Modèle:User ??-1}}</nowiki>, lié à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> et à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??-1]]</nowiki> :'''4.''' Créer l'« éventail » des modèles d'une langue dans une sous-page <nowiki>[[Wikipédia:Babel/??]]</nowiki> en saisissant simplement, dans la sous-page, <nowiki>{{éventail langue|??}}</nowiki> ?? = préfixe de la langue :'''5.''' Créer ci-dessous, si elle n'est pas préexistante, la section consacrée à une langue, en utilisant simplement, dans la section « Langues » ci-dessous, le modèle {{m|sommaire langue}}, avec la syntaxe : ::'''<nowiki>{{sommaire langue | préfixe | nom de la langue (dans la langue) | nom de la langue (en français)}}</nowiki>''' :::Exemple : '''<nowiki>{{sommaire langue | en | English | anglais}}</nowiki>''' == Langues == Classées, comme sur la plupart des wikis, par ordre alphabétique du préfixe de la langue. <div style="float:right;border:solid #ffb3b3 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#ffe0e8"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#ffb3b3;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''fr-0'''</td> <td style="font-size:0.9em;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Cette personne [[:Category:User fr-0|'''ne comprend pas''']] le '''[[:Catégorie:Utilisateur fr|français]]''', ou seulement avec des difficultés notables.</td> </tr></table></div> ::modèle et catégorie supplémentaires '''pour ceux qui ne parlent pas le français''' (template and category '''for those who do not speak French''') : ::{{m|User fr-0}} – Catégorie associée : [[:Category:User fr-0]] (directement rangée dans [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]) ::Pour information : liste des Wikipedias disposant d'un modèle comparable à {{m|User fr-0}} (et à n'utiliser que sur le Wikipedia concerné) ::[[:ar:قالب:مستخدم ar-0]] (arabe), [[:bg:Шаблон:User bg-0]] (bulgare), [[:ca:Template:Babel ca-0]] (catalan), [[:cs:Šablona:User cs-0]] (tchèque), [[:de:Vorlage:User de-0]] (allemand), [[:en:Template:User en-0]] (anglais), [[:es:Plantilla:·Usuarios por idioma (es-0)]] (espagnol), [[:fi:Malline:User fi-0]] (finnois), [[:ga:Múnla:Úsáideoir ga-0]] (irlandais), [[:id:Templat:User id-0]] (indonésien), [[:it:Template:Utente it-0]] (italien), [[:ja:Template:User ja-0]] (japonais), [[:ko:Template:User ko-0]] (coréen), [[:ln:Template:User ln-0]] (lingalá), [[:na:Template:User na-0]] (nauruan), [[:pl:Szablon:User pl-0]] (polonais), [[:pt:Predefinição:User pt-0]] (portugais), [[:qu:Template:Ruwaq:qu-0]] (quechua), [[:ru:Template:User ru-0]] (russe), [[:scn:Template:User scn-0]] (sicilien), [[:sl:Template:User sl-0]] (slovène), [[:sr:Template:User sr-0]] (serbe), [[:sv:Mall:Användare sv-0]] (suédois), [[:uk:Шаблон:User uk-0]] (ukrainien) – ''liste non exhaustive''... {{sommaire langue|af|Afrikaans|afrikaans}} {{sommaire langue|als|Alemannisch|alémanique}} {{sommaire langue|ang|Anglo Saxon|anglo-saxon}} {{sommaire langue|ar|العربية [Arabiiya]|arabe}} {{sommaire langue|ast|Asturianu|asturien}} {{sommaire langue|be|Беларуская [Belaruskaja]|biélorusse}} {{sommaire langue|bg|български [Bulgarski]|bulgare}} {{sommaire langue|bs|Bosanski|bosniaque}} {{sommaire langue|ca|Català|catalan}} {{sommaire langue|co|Corsu|corse}} {{sommaire langue|cs|Český|tchèque}} {{sommaire langue|cy|Cymraeg|gallois}} {{sommaire langue|da|Dansk|danois}} {{sommaire langue|de|Deutsch|allemand}} {{sommaire langue|el|Ελληνικά [Ellinika]|grec moderne}} {{sommaire langue|en|English|anglais}} {{sommaire langue|eo|Esperanto|espéranto}} {{sommaire langue|es|Español|espagnol}} {{sommaire langue|et|Eesti|estonien}} {{sommaire langue|fa|فارسی [Faarsi]|persan}} {{sommaire langue|fi|Suomi|finnois}} {{sommaire langue|fo|Føroyskt|féroïen}} {{sommaire langue|fr|Français|français}} {{sommaire langue|fur|Furlan|frioulan}} {{sommaire langue|fy|Frysk|frison}} {{sommaire langue|ga|Gaeilge|irlandais}} {{sommaire langue|gd|Gàidhlig|écossais}} {{sommaire langue|gl|Galego|galicien}} {{sommaire langue|gal|Galo|gallo}} {{sommaire langue|gu|ગુજરાતી [Gujrâtî]|gujarati}} {{sommaire langue|he|עברית [Ivrit]|hébreu}} {{sommaire langue|hi|हिन्दी [Hindî]|hindi}} {{sommaire langue|hr|Hrvatski|croate}} {{sommaire langue|hu|Magyar|hongrois}} {{sommaire langue|hy|Հայերեն [Haybodon]|arménien}} {{sommaire langue|ia|Interlingua|interlingua}} {{sommaire langue|id|Bahasa Indonesia|indonésien}} {{sommaire langue|io|Ido|ido}} {{sommaire langue|is|Íslenska|islandais}} {{sommaire langue|it|Italiano|italien}} {{sommaire langue|ja|日本語 [Nihongo]|japonais}} {{sommaire langue|jv|Basa Jawa|javanais}} {{sommaire langue|kn|ಕನ್ನಡ [Kannadda]|kannara}} {{sommaire langue|ko|한국어 [Hangugeo]|coréen}} {{sommaire langue|la|Latina|latin}} {{sommaire langue|lb|Lëtzebuergesch|luxembourgeois}} {{sommaire langue|li|Limburgs|limbourgeois}} {{sommaire langue|ln|Lingalá|lingalá}} {{sommaire langue|lt|Lietuvių|lituanien}} {{sommaire langue|lv|Latviešu|letton}} {{sommaire langue|mk|Македонски [Makedonski]|macédonien}} {{sommaire langue|ms|Bahasa Melayu|malais}} {{sommaire langue|nds|Plattdüütsch|bas-allemand}} {{sommaire langue|nl|Nederlands|néerlandais}} {{sommaire langue|nn|Nynorsk|nynorsk}} {{sommaire langue|no|Norsk|norvégien}} {{sommaire langue|os|Ирон [Iron]|ossète}} {{sommaire langue|pl|Polski|polonais}} {{sommaire langue|pt|Português|portugais}} {{sommaire langue|qu|Runa Simi|quechua}} {{sommaire langue|ro|Română|roumain}} {{sommaire langue|ru|Русский [Russkii]|russe}} {{sommaire langue|sa|संस्कृत [Samskrta]|sanskrit}} {{sommaire langue|sc|Sardu|sarde}} {{sommaire langue|scn|Sicilianu|sicilien}} {{sommaire langue|sk|Slovenčina|slovaque}} {{sommaire langue|sl|Slovenščina|slovène}} {{sommaire langue|sq|shqip|albanais}} {{sommaire langue|sr|Српски / Srpski|serbe}} {{sommaire langue|sv|Svenska|suédois}} {{sommaire langue|sw|Kiswahili|swahili}} {{sommaire langue|ta|தமிழ் [Tamilll]|tamoul}} {{sommaire langue|th|ไทย [Thai]|thaï}} {{sommaire langue|tl|Tagalog|tagalog}} {{sommaire langue|tr|Türkçe|turc}} {{sommaire langue|tt|Tatarça|tatar}} {{sommaire langue|uk|Українська [Ukrainska]|ukrainien}} {{sommaire langue|ur|اردو [Urdu]|ourdou}} {{sommaire langue|vi|Tiếng Việt|vietnamien}} {{sommaire langue|wa|Walon|wallon}} {{sommaire langue|yi|ייִדיש [Yidish]|yiddish}} {{sommaire langue|zh|中文 [zhōngwén]|langue chinoise}} {{sommaire langue|zh-min-nan|Bân-lâm-gú|minnan}} [[Catégorie:Wikipédia|Babel]] <!-- Liens interlangues : les interwikis ne sont pas classés, sur le Wikipédia francophone, d'après les préfixes de langue, mais d'après le nom de la langue. S'il vous plaît, ne touchez pas à l'ordre existant. --> <!-- Interlanguage links: interwikis are not ordered, on French Wikipedia, by language codes, but by language names. Please leave the order as it is. --> [[ar:ويكيبيديا:بابل]] [[ast:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Babel]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Babel]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Babylón]] [[de:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[en:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[es:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babel]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Baibéal]] [[ko:위키백과:바벨]] [[id:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[it:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[li:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[ln:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[mi:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[na:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[ja:Wikipedia:バベル]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Wieża Babel]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[ru:Википедия:Вавилон]] [[scn:Wikipedia:Babeli]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Babilon]] [[sr:Википедија:Језичке кутијице]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[uk:Вікіпедія:Вавілон]] 5464 2005-07-21T16:12:49Z Bombo 12 '''CETTE PAGE EST A TRADUIRE --- vous parlez le lingala? Merci de traduire une partie ou la page entiere en lingala.''' Les '''modèles d'utilisateurs par langue''' permettent de faciliter la communication entre utilisateurs pratiquant différentes langues. Ils ont été développés, à l'origine, sur [[commons:Commons:Babel|Wikimedia Commons]], puis repris dans [[meta:Meta:Babel templates|Meta-Wiki]] puis dans divers Wikipedia et aussi, récemment, dans le Wikinews francophone (« gamme » volontairement limitée aux douze langues actuelles du projet Wikinews). Voir aussi les modèles disponibles sur [[commons:Commons:Babel]] ou sur [[meta:Meta:Babel templates]]. Pour certaines langues, la « gamme » de modèles est encore incomplète : il est également conseillé d'aller voir de temps en temps [[:en:Wikipedia:Babel]] sur le Wikipedia anglophone, dont la « gamme » étendue diffère sensiblement de celles de commons: et meta:. <div style="border: 1px solid #999; padding: 0 0.5em 0 0.5em; margin: 0.5em"> Vous ne parlez pas <span style="color: red">'''lingalá'''</span> ? Voir : [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Français|Français]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#English|English]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Deutsch|Deutsch]] - [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Español|Español]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Italiano|Italiano]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#日本語|日本語]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#한국어|한국어]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Nederlands|Nederlands]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Português|Português]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Slovenščina|Slovenščina]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Serbian/Српски|Serbian/Српски]] - [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Svenska|Svenska]] - [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#中文|中文]] - [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Bân-lâm-gú|Bân-lâm-gú]] </div> __NOTOC__ == Sommaire == <div style="margin: 1em 2em 0 2em; padding: 0.5em; background-color: #f9f9f9; border:1px solid #aaaaaa"> 1. '''[[#Les modèles Babel-x|Les modèles Babel-x]]''' – 2. '''[[#Création de catégories et de modèles pour une langue|Création de catégories et de modèles pour une langue]]''' – 3. '''[[#Langues|Langues]]''' : <div style="margin-left: 2em"> {{accès langue|af|afrikaans}} {{accès langue|als|alémanique}} {{accès langue|ang|anglo-saxon}} {{accès langue|ar|arabe}} {{accès langue|ast|asturien}} {{accès langue|be|biélorusse}} {{accès langue|bg|bulgare}} {{accès langue|bs|bosniaque}} {{accès langue|ca|catalan}} {{accès langue|co|corse}} {{accès langue|cs|tchèque}} {{accès langue|cy|gallois}} {{accès langue|da|danois}} {{accès langue|de|allemand}} {{accès langue|el|grec moderne}} {{accès langue|en|anglais}} {{accès langue|eo|espéranto}} {{accès langue|es|espagnol}} {{accès langue|et|estonien}} {{accès langue|fa|persan}} {{accès langue|fi|finnois}} {{accès langue|fo|féroïen}} {{accès langue|fr|français}} {{accès langue|fur|frioulan}} {{accès langue|fy|frison}} {{accès langue|ga|irlandais}} {{accès langue|gd|écossais}} {{accès langue|gl|galicien}} {{accès langue|gal|gallo}} {{accès langue|gu|gujarati}} {{accès langue|he|hébreu}} {{accès langue|hi|hindi}} {{accès langue|hr|croate}} {{accès langue|hu|hongrois}} {{accès langue|hy|arménien}} {{accès langue|ia|interlingua}} {{accès langue|id|indonésien}} {{accès langue|io|ido}} {{accès langue|is|islandais}} {{accès langue|it|italien}} {{accès langue|ja|japonais}} {{accès langue|jv|javanais}} {{accès langue|kn|kannara}} {{accès langue|ko|coréen}} {{accès langue|la|latin}} {{accès langue|lb|luxembourgeois}} {{accès langue|li|limbourgeois}} {{accès langue|ln|lingalá}} {{accès langue|lt|lituanien}} {{accès langue|lv|letton}} {{accès langue|mk|macédonien}} {{accès langue|ms|malais}} {{accès langue|nd|normand}} {{accès langue|nds|bas-allemand}} {{accès langue|nl|néerlandais}} {{accès langue|nn|nynorsk}} {{accès langue|no|norvégien}} {{accès langue|os|ossète}} {{accès langue|pl|polonais}} {{accès langue|pt|portugais}} {{accès langue|qu|quechua}} {{accès langue|ro|roumain}} {{accès langue|ru|russe}} {{accès langue|sa|sanskrit}} {{accès langue|sc|sarde}} {{accès langue|scn|sicilien}} {{accès langue|sk|slovaque}} {{accès langue|sl|slovène}} {{accès langue|sq|albanais}} {{accès langue|sr|serbe}} {{accès langue|sv|suédois}} {{accès langue|sw|swahili}} {{accès langue|ta|tamoul}} {{accès langue|th|thaï}} {{accès langue|tl|tagalog}} {{accès langue|tr|turc}} {{accès langue|tt|tatar}} {{accès langue|uk|ukrainien}} {{accès langue|ur|ourdou}} {{accès langue|vi|vietnamien}} {{accès langue|wa|wallon}} {{accès langue|yi|yiddish}} {{accès langue|zh|Langue chinoise}} {{accès langue|zh-min-nan|minnan}} </div> </div> == Les modèles Babel-x == Il existe des modèles prédéfinis qui créent un tableau « flottant » à droite de la page où ils sont appelés. Le modèle à appeler est fonction du nombre de langues parlées par l'utilisateur. Par exemple {{m|Babel-1}} pour un utilisateur unilingue, {{m|Babel-2}} pour un utilisateur parlant 2 langues, jusqu'à {{m|Babel-6}} pour un utilisateur parlant 6 langues (encore qu'on puisse créer des modèles supplémentaires en cas de nécessité). Même si cela paraît une évidence, il faut préciser qu'il paraît logique, même si c'est facultatif, qu'un utilisateur liste les langues qu'il pratique dans l'ordre décroissant des connaissances qu'il en a, la ou les langues maternelles en premier, puis les langues moins bien connues... {| | {| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px; text-align: center" |- | '''[[Wikipédia:Babel]]''' |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''fr'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Cette personne a pour '''[[:Category:User fr-M|langue maternelle]]''' le '''[[:Category:User fr|français]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''en-2'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">This user is able to contribute with an '''[[:Category:User en-2|intermediate]]''' level of '''[[:Category:User en|English]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''de-1'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Dieser Benutzer hat '''[[:Category:User de-1|grundlegende]] [[:Category:User de|Deutschkenntnisse]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |} <big>'''Exemple 1 : utilisateur trilingue (incluant le français)'''<big> Un utilisateur parlant trois langues pourra par exemple insérer dans sa page utilisateur (et dans celle-là seulement, surtout pas dans sa page de discussion) le modèle {{m|babel-3}} via la syntaxe <nowiki>{{babel-3|ln|fr-3|en-1}}</nowiki>. L'appel d'un de ces modèles dans une page utilisateur, avec les bons critères (voir ci-dessous), ajoute en outre la catégorie correspondant à chacune des langues. Remarquez que, dans l'illustration ci-contre, les catégories ne sont volontairement pas appelées, afin de ne pas catégoriser inutilement la présente page. |} {| style="margin-top: 1em" | {| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px; text-align: center" |- | '''[[Wikipédia:Babel]]''' |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''en'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">This user is a native '''[[:Category:User en|English speaker]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''pl-3'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Ten użytkownik posługuje się '''[[:Category:User pl|językiem polskim]]''' na poziomie '''[[:Category:User pl-3|zaawansowanym]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #ffb3b3 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#ffe0e8"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#ffb3b3;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''fr-0'''</td> <td style="font-size:0.9em;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Cet utilisateur [[:Category:User ln-0|'''ne comprend pas''']] le '''[[:Category:User ln|lingalá]]''', ou seulement avec des difficultés notables.</td> </tr></table></div> |} <big>'''Exemple 2 : utilisateur bilingue<br />(et précisant sa méconnaissance du lingalá)'''</big> En outre, un utilisateur de wikipédias non francophone – ou qui estime avoir un niveau très insuffisant en français –, par exemple un participant à une autre wikipédia inscrit sur la wikipédia francophone dans le but de faire des liens interlangues vers « sa » wikipédia de prédilection ou vers d'autres, pourra également appeler dans l'un ou l'autre des modèles Babel, un critère fr-0, qui signale sa faible connaissance de la langue française. Remarquer que, dans l'illustration ci-contre, les catégories ne sont volontairement pas appelées, afin de ne pas catégoriser inutilement la présente page. |} == Création de catégories et de modèles pour une langue == Si vous avez besoin de créer des modèles pour une langue : :'''1.''' Créer la catégorie « mère » <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> (liée à la catégorie supérieure [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]), :'''2.''' Créer les quatre catégories « filles » : ::*<nowiki>[[Category:User ??-M]]</nowiki> (langue maternelle) ::*<nowiki>[[Category:User ??-3]]</nowiki> (niveau avancé) ::*<nowiki>[[Category:User ??-2]]</nowiki> (niveau intermédiaire) ::*<nowiki>[[Category:User ??-1]]</nowiki> (niveau de base) ::chacune liée à la catégorie « mère » <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> :'''3.''' Créer les quatre modèles : ::*<nowiki>{{Modèle:User ??}}</nowiki>, lié à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> et à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??-M]]</nowiki> ::*<nowiki>{{Modèle:User ??-3}}</nowiki>, lié à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> et à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??-3]]</nowiki> ::*<nowiki>{{Modèle:User ??-2}}</nowiki>, lié à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> et à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??-2]]</nowiki> ::*<nowiki>{{Modèle:User ??-1}}</nowiki>, lié à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> et à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??-1]]</nowiki> :'''4.''' Créer l'« éventail » des modèles d'une langue dans une sous-page <nowiki>[[Wikipédia:Babel/??]]</nowiki> en saisissant simplement, dans la sous-page, <nowiki>{{éventail langue|??}}</nowiki> ?? = préfixe de la langue :'''5.''' Créer ci-dessous, si elle n'est pas préexistante, la section consacrée à une langue, en utilisant simplement, dans la section « Langues » ci-dessous, le modèle {{m|sommaire langue}}, avec la syntaxe : ::'''<nowiki>{{sommaire langue | préfixe | nom de la langue (dans la langue) | nom de la langue (en français)}}</nowiki>''' :::Exemple : '''<nowiki>{{sommaire langue | en | English | anglais}}</nowiki>''' == Langues == Classées, comme sur la plupart des wikis, par ordre alphabétique du préfixe de la langue. <div style="float:right;border:solid #ffb3b3 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#ffe0e8"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#ffb3b3;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''fr-0'''</td> <td style="font-size:0.9em;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Cette personne [[:Category:User fr-0|'''ne comprend pas''']] le '''[[:Catégorie:Utilisateur fr|français]]''', ou seulement avec des difficultés notables.</td> </tr></table></div> ::modèle et catégorie supplémentaires '''pour ceux qui ne parlent pas le français''' (template and category '''for those who do not speak French''') : ::{{m|User fr-0}} – Catégorie associée : [[:Category:User fr-0]] (directement rangée dans [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]) ::Pour information : liste des Wikipedias disposant d'un modèle comparable à {{m|User fr-0}} (et à n'utiliser que sur le Wikipedia concerné) ::[[:ar:قالب:مستخدم ar-0]] (arabe), [[:bg:Шаблон:User bg-0]] (bulgare), [[:ca:Template:Babel ca-0]] (catalan), [[:cs:Šablona:User cs-0]] (tchèque), [[:de:Vorlage:User de-0]] (allemand), [[:en:Template:User en-0]] (anglais), [[:es:Plantilla:·Usuarios por idioma (es-0)]] (espagnol), [[:fi:Malline:User fi-0]] (finnois), [[:ga:Múnla:Úsáideoir ga-0]] (irlandais), [[:id:Templat:User id-0]] (indonésien), [[:it:Template:Utente it-0]] (italien), [[:ja:Template:User ja-0]] (japonais), [[:ko:Template:User ko-0]] (coréen), [[:ln:Template:User ln-0]] (lingalá), [[:na:Template:User na-0]] (nauruan), [[:pl:Szablon:User pl-0]] (polonais), [[:pt:Predefinição:User pt-0]] (portugais), [[:qu:Template:Ruwaq:qu-0]] (quechua), [[:ru:Template:User ru-0]] (russe), [[:scn:Template:User scn-0]] (sicilien), [[:sl:Template:User sl-0]] (slovène), [[:sr:Template:User sr-0]] (serbe), [[:sv:Mall:Användare sv-0]] (suédois), [[:uk:Шаблон:User uk-0]] (ukrainien) – ''liste non exhaustive''... {{sommaire langue|af|Afrikaans|afrikaans}} {{sommaire langue|als|Alemannisch|alémanique}} {{sommaire langue|ang|Anglo Saxon|anglo-saxon}} {{sommaire langue|ar|العربية [Arabiiya]|arabe}} {{sommaire langue|ast|Asturianu|asturien}} {{sommaire langue|be|Беларуская [Belaruskaja]|biélorusse}} {{sommaire langue|bg|български [Bulgarski]|bulgare}} {{sommaire langue|bs|Bosanski|bosniaque}} {{sommaire langue|ca|Català|catalan}} {{sommaire langue|co|Corsu|corse}} {{sommaire langue|cs|Český|tchèque}} {{sommaire langue|cy|Cymraeg|gallois}} {{sommaire langue|da|Dansk|danois}} {{sommaire langue|de|Deutsch|allemand}} {{sommaire langue|el|Ελληνικά [Ellinika]|grec moderne}} {{sommaire langue|en|English|anglais}} {{sommaire langue|eo|Esperanto|espéranto}} {{sommaire langue|es|Español|espagnol}} {{sommaire langue|et|Eesti|estonien}} {{sommaire langue|fa|فارسی [Faarsi]|persan}} {{sommaire langue|fi|Suomi|finnois}} {{sommaire langue|fo|Føroyskt|féroïen}} {{sommaire langue|fr|Français|français}} {{sommaire langue|fur|Furlan|frioulan}} {{sommaire langue|fy|Frysk|frison}} {{sommaire langue|ga|Gaeilge|irlandais}} {{sommaire langue|gd|Gàidhlig|écossais}} {{sommaire langue|gl|Galego|galicien}} {{sommaire langue|gal|Galo|gallo}} {{sommaire langue|gu|ગુજરાતી [Gujrâtî]|gujarati}} {{sommaire langue|he|עברית [Ivrit]|hébreu}} {{sommaire langue|hi|हिन्दी [Hindî]|hindi}} {{sommaire langue|hr|Hrvatski|croate}} {{sommaire langue|hu|Magyar|hongrois}} {{sommaire langue|hy|Հայերեն [Haybodon]|arménien}} {{sommaire langue|ia|Interlingua|interlingua}} {{sommaire langue|id|Bahasa Indonesia|indonésien}} {{sommaire langue|io|Ido|ido}} {{sommaire langue|is|Íslenska|islandais}} {{sommaire langue|it|Italiano|italien}} {{sommaire langue|ja|日本語 [Nihongo]|japonais}} {{sommaire langue|jv|Basa Jawa|javanais}} {{sommaire langue|kn|ಕನ್ನಡ [Kannadda]|kannara}} {{sommaire langue|ko|한국어 [Hangugeo]|coréen}} {{sommaire langue|la|Latina|latin}} {{sommaire langue|lb|Lëtzebuergesch|luxembourgeois}} {{sommaire langue|li|Limburgs|limbourgeois}} {{sommaire langue|ln|Lingalá|lingalá}} {{sommaire langue|lt|Lietuvių|lituanien}} {{sommaire langue|lv|Latviešu|letton}} {{sommaire langue|mk|Македонски [Makedonski]|macédonien}} {{sommaire langue|ms|Bahasa Melayu|malais}} {{sommaire langue|nds|Plattdüütsch|bas-allemand}} {{sommaire langue|nl|Nederlands|néerlandais}} {{sommaire langue|nn|Nynorsk|nynorsk}} {{sommaire langue|no|Norsk|norvégien}} {{sommaire langue|os|Ирон [Iron]|ossète}} {{sommaire langue|pl|Polski|polonais}} {{sommaire langue|pt|Português|portugais}} {{sommaire langue|qu|Runa Simi|quechua}} {{sommaire langue|ro|Română|roumain}} {{sommaire langue|ru|Русский [Russkii]|russe}} {{sommaire langue|sa|संस्कृत [Samskrta]|sanskrit}} {{sommaire langue|sc|Sardu|sarde}} {{sommaire langue|scn|Sicilianu|sicilien}} {{sommaire langue|sk|Slovenčina|slovaque}} {{sommaire langue|sl|Slovenščina|slovène}} {{sommaire langue|sq|shqip|albanais}} {{sommaire langue|sr|Српски / Srpski|serbe}} {{sommaire langue|sv|Svenska|suédois}} {{sommaire langue|sw|Kiswahili|swahili}} {{sommaire langue|ta|தமிழ் [Tamilll]|tamoul}} {{sommaire langue|th|ไทย [Thai]|thaï}} {{sommaire langue|tl|Tagalog|tagalog}} {{sommaire langue|tr|Türkçe|turc}} {{sommaire langue|tt|Tatarça|tatar}} {{sommaire langue|uk|Українська [Ukrainska]|ukrainien}} {{sommaire langue|ur|اردو [Urdu]|ourdou}} {{sommaire langue|vi|Tiếng Việt|vietnamien}} {{sommaire langue|wa|Walon|wallon}} {{sommaire langue|yi|ייִדיש [Yidish]|yiddish}} {{sommaire langue|zh|中文 [zhōngwén]|langue chinoise}} {{sommaire langue|zh-min-nan|Bân-lâm-gú|minnan}} [[Catégorie:Wikipédia|Babel]] <!-- Liens interlangues : les interwikis ne sont pas classés, sur le Wikipédia francophone, d'après les préfixes de langue, mais d'après le nom de la langue. S'il vous plaît, ne touchez pas à l'ordre existant. --> <!-- Interlanguage links: interwikis are not ordered, on French Wikipedia, by language codes, but by language names. Please leave the order as it is. --> [[ar:ويكيبيديا:بابل]] [[ast:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Babel]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Babel]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Babylón]] [[de:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[en:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[es:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babel]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Baibéal]] [[ko:위키백과:바벨]] [[id:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[it:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[li:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[ln:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[mi:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[na:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[ja:Wikipedia:バベル]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Wieża Babel]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[ru:Википедия:Вавилон]] [[scn:Wikipedia:Babeli]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Babilon]] [[sr:Википедија:Језичке кутијице]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[uk:Вікіпедія:Вавілон]] 5472 2005-07-21T16:37:23Z Bombo 12 /* Les modèles Babel-x */ '''CETTE PAGE EST A TRADUIRE --- vous parlez le lingala? Merci de traduire une partie ou la page entiere en lingala.''' Les '''modèles d'utilisateurs par langue''' permettent de faciliter la communication entre utilisateurs pratiquant différentes langues. Ils ont été développés, à l'origine, sur [[commons:Commons:Babel|Wikimedia Commons]], puis repris dans [[meta:Meta:Babel templates|Meta-Wiki]] puis dans divers Wikipedia et aussi, récemment, dans le Wikinews francophone (« gamme » volontairement limitée aux douze langues actuelles du projet Wikinews). Voir aussi les modèles disponibles sur [[commons:Commons:Babel]] ou sur [[meta:Meta:Babel templates]]. Pour certaines langues, la « gamme » de modèles est encore incomplète : il est également conseillé d'aller voir de temps en temps [[:en:Wikipedia:Babel]] sur le Wikipedia anglophone, dont la « gamme » étendue diffère sensiblement de celles de commons: et meta:. <div style="border: 1px solid #999; padding: 0 0.5em 0 0.5em; margin: 0.5em"> Vous ne parlez pas <span style="color: red">'''lingalá'''</span> ? Voir : [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Français|Français]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#English|English]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Deutsch|Deutsch]] - [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Español|Español]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Italiano|Italiano]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#日本語|日本語]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#한국어|한국어]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Nederlands|Nederlands]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Português|Português]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Slovenščina|Slovenščina]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Serbian/Српски|Serbian/Српски]] - [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Svenska|Svenska]] - [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#中文|中文]] - [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Bân-lâm-gú|Bân-lâm-gú]] </div> __NOTOC__ == Sommaire == <div style="margin: 1em 2em 0 2em; padding: 0.5em; background-color: #f9f9f9; border:1px solid #aaaaaa"> 1. '''[[#Les modèles Babel-x|Les modèles Babel-x]]''' – 2. '''[[#Création de catégories et de modèles pour une langue|Création de catégories et de modèles pour une langue]]''' – 3. '''[[#Langues|Langues]]''' : <div style="margin-left: 2em"> {{accès langue|af|afrikaans}} {{accès langue|als|alémanique}} {{accès langue|ang|anglo-saxon}} {{accès langue|ar|arabe}} {{accès langue|ast|asturien}} {{accès langue|be|biélorusse}} {{accès langue|bg|bulgare}} {{accès langue|bs|bosniaque}} {{accès langue|ca|catalan}} {{accès langue|co|corse}} {{accès langue|cs|tchèque}} {{accès langue|cy|gallois}} {{accès langue|da|danois}} {{accès langue|de|allemand}} {{accès langue|el|grec moderne}} {{accès langue|en|anglais}} {{accès langue|eo|espéranto}} {{accès langue|es|espagnol}} {{accès langue|et|estonien}} {{accès langue|fa|persan}} {{accès langue|fi|finnois}} {{accès langue|fo|féroïen}} {{accès langue|fr|français}} {{accès langue|fur|frioulan}} {{accès langue|fy|frison}} {{accès langue|ga|irlandais}} {{accès langue|gd|écossais}} {{accès langue|gl|galicien}} {{accès langue|gal|gallo}} {{accès langue|gu|gujarati}} {{accès langue|he|hébreu}} {{accès langue|hi|hindi}} {{accès langue|hr|croate}} {{accès langue|hu|hongrois}} {{accès langue|hy|arménien}} {{accès langue|ia|interlingua}} {{accès langue|id|indonésien}} {{accès langue|io|ido}} {{accès langue|is|islandais}} {{accès langue|it|italien}} {{accès langue|ja|japonais}} {{accès langue|jv|javanais}} {{accès langue|kn|kannara}} {{accès langue|ko|coréen}} {{accès langue|la|latin}} {{accès langue|lb|luxembourgeois}} {{accès langue|li|limbourgeois}} {{accès langue|ln|lingalá}} {{accès langue|lt|lituanien}} {{accès langue|lv|letton}} {{accès langue|mk|macédonien}} {{accès langue|ms|malais}} {{accès langue|nd|normand}} {{accès langue|nds|bas-allemand}} {{accès langue|nl|néerlandais}} {{accès langue|nn|nynorsk}} {{accès langue|no|norvégien}} {{accès langue|os|ossète}} {{accès langue|pl|polonais}} {{accès langue|pt|portugais}} {{accès langue|qu|quechua}} {{accès langue|ro|roumain}} {{accès langue|ru|russe}} {{accès langue|sa|sanskrit}} {{accès langue|sc|sarde}} {{accès langue|scn|sicilien}} {{accès langue|sk|slovaque}} {{accès langue|sl|slovène}} {{accès langue|sq|albanais}} {{accès langue|sr|serbe}} {{accès langue|sv|suédois}} {{accès langue|sw|swahili}} {{accès langue|ta|tamoul}} {{accès langue|th|thaï}} {{accès langue|tl|tagalog}} {{accès langue|tr|turc}} {{accès langue|tt|tatar}} {{accès langue|uk|ukrainien}} {{accès langue|ur|ourdou}} {{accès langue|vi|vietnamien}} {{accès langue|wa|wallon}} {{accès langue|yi|yiddish}} {{accès langue|zh|Langue chinoise}} {{accès langue|zh-min-nan|minnan}} </div> </div> == Les modèles Babel-x == Il existe des modèles prédéfinis qui créent un tableau « flottant » à droite de la page où ils sont appelés. Le modèle à appeler est fonction du nombre de langues parlées par l'utilisateur. Par exemple {{m|Babel-1}} pour un utilisateur unilingue, {{m|Babel-2}} pour un utilisateur parlant 2 langues, jusqu'à {{m|Babel-6}} pour un utilisateur parlant 6 langues (encore qu'on puisse créer des modèles supplémentaires en cas de nécessité). Même si cela paraît une évidence, il faut préciser qu'il paraît logique, même si c'est facultatif, qu'un utilisateur liste les langues qu'il pratique dans l'ordre décroissant des connaissances qu'il en a, la ou les langues maternelles en premier, puis les langues moins bien connues... {| | {| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px; text-align: center" |- | '''[[Wikipédia:Babel]]''' |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''fr'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Cette personne a pour '''[[:Category:User fr-M|langue maternelle]]''' le '''[[:Category:User fr|français]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''en-2'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">This user is able to contribute with an '''[[:Category:User en-2|intermediate]]''' level of '''[[:Category:User en|English]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''de-1'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Dieser Benutzer hat '''[[:Category:User de-1|grundlegende]] [[:Category:User de|Deutschkenntnisse]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |} <big>'''Exemple 1 : utilisateur trilingue (incluant le français)'''<big> Un utilisateur parlant trois langues pourra par exemple insérer dans sa page utilisateur (et dans celle-là seulement, surtout pas dans sa page de discussion) le modèle {{m|babel-3}} via la syntaxe <nowiki>{{babel-3|ln|fr-3|en-1}}</nowiki>. L'appel d'un de ces modèles dans une page utilisateur, avec les bons critères (voir ci-dessous), ajoute en outre la catégorie correspondant à chacune des langues. Remarquez que, dans l'illustration ci-contre, les catégories ne sont volontairement pas appelées, afin de ne pas catégoriser inutilement la présente page. |} {| style="margin-top: 1em" | {| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px; text-align: center" |- | '''[[Wikipédia:Babel]]''' |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''en'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">This user is a native '''[[:Category:User en|English speaker]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''pl-3'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Ten użytkownik posługuje się '''[[:Category:User pl|językiem polskim]]''' na poziomie '''[[:Category:User pl-3|zaawansowanym]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #ffb3b3 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#ffe0e8"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#ffb3b3;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''ln-0'''</td> <td style="font-size:0.9em;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Cet utilisateur [[:Category:User ln-0|'''ne comprend pas''']] le '''[[:Category:User ln|lingalá]]''', ou seulement avec des difficultés notables.</td> </tr></table></div> |} <big>'''Exemple 2 : utilisateur bilingue<br />(et précisant sa méconnaissance du lingalá)'''</big> En outre, un utilisateur de wikipédias non francophone – ou qui estime avoir un niveau très insuffisant en français –, par exemple un participant à une autre wikipédia inscrit sur la wikipédia francophone dans le but de faire des liens interlangues vers « sa » wikipédia de prédilection ou vers d'autres, pourra également appeler dans l'un ou l'autre des modèles Babel, un critère fr-0, qui signale sa faible connaissance de la langue française. Remarquer que, dans l'illustration ci-contre, les catégories ne sont volontairement pas appelées, afin de ne pas catégoriser inutilement la présente page. |} == Création de catégories et de modèles pour une langue == Si vous avez besoin de créer des modèles pour une langue : :'''1.''' Créer la catégorie « mère » <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> (liée à la catégorie supérieure [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]), :'''2.''' Créer les quatre catégories « filles » : ::*<nowiki>[[Category:User ??-M]]</nowiki> (langue maternelle) ::*<nowiki>[[Category:User ??-3]]</nowiki> (niveau avancé) ::*<nowiki>[[Category:User ??-2]]</nowiki> (niveau intermédiaire) ::*<nowiki>[[Category:User ??-1]]</nowiki> (niveau de base) ::chacune liée à la catégorie « mère » <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> :'''3.''' Créer les quatre modèles : ::*<nowiki>{{Modèle:User ??}}</nowiki>, lié à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> et à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??-M]]</nowiki> ::*<nowiki>{{Modèle:User ??-3}}</nowiki>, lié à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> et à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??-3]]</nowiki> ::*<nowiki>{{Modèle:User ??-2}}</nowiki>, lié à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> et à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??-2]]</nowiki> ::*<nowiki>{{Modèle:User ??-1}}</nowiki>, lié à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> et à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??-1]]</nowiki> :'''4.''' Créer l'« éventail » des modèles d'une langue dans une sous-page <nowiki>[[Wikipédia:Babel/??]]</nowiki> en saisissant simplement, dans la sous-page, <nowiki>{{éventail langue|??}}</nowiki> ?? = préfixe de la langue :'''5.''' Créer ci-dessous, si elle n'est pas préexistante, la section consacrée à une langue, en utilisant simplement, dans la section « Langues » ci-dessous, le modèle {{m|sommaire langue}}, avec la syntaxe : ::'''<nowiki>{{sommaire langue | préfixe | nom de la langue (dans la langue) | nom de la langue (en français)}}</nowiki>''' :::Exemple : '''<nowiki>{{sommaire langue | en | English | anglais}}</nowiki>''' == Langues == Classées, comme sur la plupart des wikis, par ordre alphabétique du préfixe de la langue. <div style="float:right;border:solid #ffb3b3 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#ffe0e8"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#ffb3b3;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''fr-0'''</td> <td style="font-size:0.9em;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Cette personne [[:Category:User fr-0|'''ne comprend pas''']] le '''[[:Catégorie:Utilisateur fr|français]]''', ou seulement avec des difficultés notables.</td> </tr></table></div> ::modèle et catégorie supplémentaires '''pour ceux qui ne parlent pas le français''' (template and category '''for those who do not speak French''') : ::{{m|User fr-0}} – Catégorie associée : [[:Category:User fr-0]] (directement rangée dans [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]) ::Pour information : liste des Wikipedias disposant d'un modèle comparable à {{m|User fr-0}} (et à n'utiliser que sur le Wikipedia concerné) ::[[:ar:قالب:مستخدم ar-0]] (arabe), [[:bg:Шаблон:User bg-0]] (bulgare), [[:ca:Template:Babel ca-0]] (catalan), [[:cs:Šablona:User cs-0]] (tchèque), [[:de:Vorlage:User de-0]] (allemand), [[:en:Template:User en-0]] (anglais), [[:es:Plantilla:·Usuarios por idioma (es-0)]] (espagnol), [[:fi:Malline:User fi-0]] (finnois), [[:ga:Múnla:Úsáideoir ga-0]] (irlandais), [[:id:Templat:User id-0]] (indonésien), [[:it:Template:Utente it-0]] (italien), [[:ja:Template:User ja-0]] (japonais), [[:ko:Template:User ko-0]] (coréen), [[:ln:Template:User ln-0]] (lingalá), [[:na:Template:User na-0]] (nauruan), [[:pl:Szablon:User pl-0]] (polonais), [[:pt:Predefinição:User pt-0]] (portugais), [[:qu:Template:Ruwaq:qu-0]] (quechua), [[:ru:Template:User ru-0]] (russe), [[:scn:Template:User scn-0]] (sicilien), [[:sl:Template:User sl-0]] (slovène), [[:sr:Template:User sr-0]] (serbe), [[:sv:Mall:Användare sv-0]] (suédois), [[:uk:Шаблон:User uk-0]] (ukrainien) – ''liste non exhaustive''... {{sommaire langue|af|Afrikaans|afrikaans}} {{sommaire langue|als|Alemannisch|alémanique}} {{sommaire langue|ang|Anglo Saxon|anglo-saxon}} {{sommaire langue|ar|العربية [Arabiiya]|arabe}} {{sommaire langue|ast|Asturianu|asturien}} {{sommaire langue|be|Беларуская [Belaruskaja]|biélorusse}} {{sommaire langue|bg|български [Bulgarski]|bulgare}} {{sommaire langue|bs|Bosanski|bosniaque}} {{sommaire langue|ca|Català|catalan}} {{sommaire langue|co|Corsu|corse}} {{sommaire langue|cs|Český|tchèque}} {{sommaire langue|cy|Cymraeg|gallois}} {{sommaire langue|da|Dansk|danois}} {{sommaire langue|de|Deutsch|allemand}} {{sommaire langue|el|Ελληνικά [Ellinika]|grec moderne}} {{sommaire langue|en|English|anglais}} {{sommaire langue|eo|Esperanto|espéranto}} {{sommaire langue|es|Español|espagnol}} {{sommaire langue|et|Eesti|estonien}} {{sommaire langue|fa|فارسی [Faarsi]|persan}} {{sommaire langue|fi|Suomi|finnois}} {{sommaire langue|fo|Føroyskt|féroïen}} {{sommaire langue|fr|Français|français}} {{sommaire langue|fur|Furlan|frioulan}} {{sommaire langue|fy|Frysk|frison}} {{sommaire langue|ga|Gaeilge|irlandais}} {{sommaire langue|gd|Gàidhlig|écossais}} {{sommaire langue|gl|Galego|galicien}} {{sommaire langue|gal|Galo|gallo}} {{sommaire langue|gu|ગુજરાતી [Gujrâtî]|gujarati}} {{sommaire langue|he|עברית [Ivrit]|hébreu}} {{sommaire langue|hi|हिन्दी [Hindî]|hindi}} {{sommaire langue|hr|Hrvatski|croate}} {{sommaire langue|hu|Magyar|hongrois}} {{sommaire langue|hy|Հայերեն [Haybodon]|arménien}} {{sommaire langue|ia|Interlingua|interlingua}} {{sommaire langue|id|Bahasa Indonesia|indonésien}} {{sommaire langue|io|Ido|ido}} {{sommaire langue|is|Íslenska|islandais}} {{sommaire langue|it|Italiano|italien}} {{sommaire langue|ja|日本語 [Nihongo]|japonais}} {{sommaire langue|jv|Basa Jawa|javanais}} {{sommaire langue|kn|ಕನ್ನಡ [Kannadda]|kannara}} {{sommaire langue|ko|한국어 [Hangugeo]|coréen}} {{sommaire langue|la|Latina|latin}} {{sommaire langue|lb|Lëtzebuergesch|luxembourgeois}} {{sommaire langue|li|Limburgs|limbourgeois}} {{sommaire langue|ln|Lingalá|lingalá}} {{sommaire langue|lt|Lietuvių|lituanien}} {{sommaire langue|lv|Latviešu|letton}} {{sommaire langue|mk|Македонски [Makedonski]|macédonien}} {{sommaire langue|ms|Bahasa Melayu|malais}} {{sommaire langue|nds|Plattdüütsch|bas-allemand}} {{sommaire langue|nl|Nederlands|néerlandais}} {{sommaire langue|nn|Nynorsk|nynorsk}} {{sommaire langue|no|Norsk|norvégien}} {{sommaire langue|os|Ирон [Iron]|ossète}} {{sommaire langue|pl|Polski|polonais}} {{sommaire langue|pt|Português|portugais}} {{sommaire langue|qu|Runa Simi|quechua}} {{sommaire langue|ro|Română|roumain}} {{sommaire langue|ru|Русский [Russkii]|russe}} {{sommaire langue|sa|संस्कृत [Samskrta]|sanskrit}} {{sommaire langue|sc|Sardu|sarde}} {{sommaire langue|scn|Sicilianu|sicilien}} {{sommaire langue|sk|Slovenčina|slovaque}} {{sommaire langue|sl|Slovenščina|slovène}} {{sommaire langue|sq|shqip|albanais}} {{sommaire langue|sr|Српски / Srpski|serbe}} {{sommaire langue|sv|Svenska|suédois}} {{sommaire langue|sw|Kiswahili|swahili}} {{sommaire langue|ta|தமிழ் [Tamilll]|tamoul}} {{sommaire langue|th|ไทย [Thai]|thaï}} {{sommaire langue|tl|Tagalog|tagalog}} {{sommaire langue|tr|Türkçe|turc}} {{sommaire langue|tt|Tatarça|tatar}} {{sommaire langue|uk|Українська [Ukrainska]|ukrainien}} {{sommaire langue|ur|اردو [Urdu]|ourdou}} {{sommaire langue|vi|Tiếng Việt|vietnamien}} {{sommaire langue|wa|Walon|wallon}} {{sommaire langue|yi|ייִדיש [Yidish]|yiddish}} {{sommaire langue|zh|中文 [zhōngwén]|langue chinoise}} {{sommaire langue|zh-min-nan|Bân-lâm-gú|minnan}} [[Catégorie:Wikipédia|Babel]] <!-- Liens interlangues : les interwikis ne sont pas classés, sur le Wikipédia francophone, d'après les préfixes de langue, mais d'après le nom de la langue. S'il vous plaît, ne touchez pas à l'ordre existant. --> <!-- Interlanguage links: interwikis are not ordered, on French Wikipedia, by language codes, but by language names. Please leave the order as it is. --> [[ar:ويكيبيديا:بابل]] [[ast:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Babel]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Babel]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Babylón]] [[de:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[en:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[es:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babel]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Baibéal]] [[ko:위키백과:바벨]] [[id:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[it:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[li:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[ln:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[mi:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[na:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[ja:Wikipedia:バベル]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Wieża Babel]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[ru:Википедия:Вавилон]] [[scn:Wikipedia:Babeli]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Babilon]] [[sr:Википедија:Језичке кутијице]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[uk:Вікіпедія:Вавілон]] 5478 2005-07-21T16:42:40Z Bombo 12 /* Langues */ '''CETTE PAGE EST A TRADUIRE --- vous parlez le lingala? Merci de traduire une partie ou la page entiere en lingala.''' Les '''modèles d'utilisateurs par langue''' permettent de faciliter la communication entre utilisateurs pratiquant différentes langues. Ils ont été développés, à l'origine, sur [[commons:Commons:Babel|Wikimedia Commons]], puis repris dans [[meta:Meta:Babel templates|Meta-Wiki]] puis dans divers Wikipedia et aussi, récemment, dans le Wikinews francophone (« gamme » volontairement limitée aux douze langues actuelles du projet Wikinews). Voir aussi les modèles disponibles sur [[commons:Commons:Babel]] ou sur [[meta:Meta:Babel templates]]. Pour certaines langues, la « gamme » de modèles est encore incomplète : il est également conseillé d'aller voir de temps en temps [[:en:Wikipedia:Babel]] sur le Wikipedia anglophone, dont la « gamme » étendue diffère sensiblement de celles de commons: et meta:. <div style="border: 1px solid #999; padding: 0 0.5em 0 0.5em; margin: 0.5em"> Vous ne parlez pas <span style="color: red">'''lingalá'''</span> ? Voir : [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Français|Français]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#English|English]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Deutsch|Deutsch]] - [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Español|Español]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Italiano|Italiano]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#日本語|日本語]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#한국어|한국어]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Nederlands|Nederlands]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Português|Português]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Slovenščina|Slovenščina]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Serbian/Српски|Serbian/Српски]] - [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Svenska|Svenska]] - [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#中文|中文]] - [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Bân-lâm-gú|Bân-lâm-gú]] </div> __NOTOC__ == Sommaire == <div style="margin: 1em 2em 0 2em; padding: 0.5em; background-color: #f9f9f9; border:1px solid #aaaaaa"> 1. '''[[#Les modèles Babel-x|Les modèles Babel-x]]''' – 2. '''[[#Création de catégories et de modèles pour une langue|Création de catégories et de modèles pour une langue]]''' – 3. '''[[#Langues|Langues]]''' : <div style="margin-left: 2em"> {{accès langue|af|afrikaans}} {{accès langue|als|alémanique}} {{accès langue|ang|anglo-saxon}} {{accès langue|ar|arabe}} {{accès langue|ast|asturien}} {{accès langue|be|biélorusse}} {{accès langue|bg|bulgare}} {{accès langue|bs|bosniaque}} {{accès langue|ca|catalan}} {{accès langue|co|corse}} {{accès langue|cs|tchèque}} {{accès langue|cy|gallois}} {{accès langue|da|danois}} {{accès langue|de|allemand}} {{accès langue|el|grec moderne}} {{accès langue|en|anglais}} {{accès langue|eo|espéranto}} {{accès langue|es|espagnol}} {{accès langue|et|estonien}} {{accès langue|fa|persan}} {{accès langue|fi|finnois}} {{accès langue|fo|féroïen}} {{accès langue|fr|français}} {{accès langue|fur|frioulan}} {{accès langue|fy|frison}} {{accès langue|ga|irlandais}} {{accès langue|gd|écossais}} {{accès langue|gl|galicien}} {{accès langue|gal|gallo}} {{accès langue|gu|gujarati}} {{accès langue|he|hébreu}} {{accès langue|hi|hindi}} {{accès langue|hr|croate}} {{accès langue|hu|hongrois}} {{accès langue|hy|arménien}} {{accès langue|ia|interlingua}} {{accès langue|id|indonésien}} {{accès langue|io|ido}} {{accès langue|is|islandais}} {{accès langue|it|italien}} {{accès langue|ja|japonais}} {{accès langue|jv|javanais}} {{accès langue|kn|kannara}} {{accès langue|ko|coréen}} {{accès langue|la|latin}} {{accès langue|lb|luxembourgeois}} {{accès langue|li|limbourgeois}} {{accès langue|ln|lingalá}} {{accès langue|lt|lituanien}} {{accès langue|lv|letton}} {{accès langue|mk|macédonien}} {{accès langue|ms|malais}} {{accès langue|nd|normand}} {{accès langue|nds|bas-allemand}} {{accès langue|nl|néerlandais}} {{accès langue|nn|nynorsk}} {{accès langue|no|norvégien}} {{accès langue|os|ossète}} {{accès langue|pl|polonais}} {{accès langue|pt|portugais}} {{accès langue|qu|quechua}} {{accès langue|ro|roumain}} {{accès langue|ru|russe}} {{accès langue|sa|sanskrit}} {{accès langue|sc|sarde}} {{accès langue|scn|sicilien}} {{accès langue|sk|slovaque}} {{accès langue|sl|slovène}} {{accès langue|sq|albanais}} {{accès langue|sr|serbe}} {{accès langue|sv|suédois}} {{accès langue|sw|swahili}} {{accès langue|ta|tamoul}} {{accès langue|th|thaï}} {{accès langue|tl|tagalog}} {{accès langue|tr|turc}} {{accès langue|tt|tatar}} {{accès langue|uk|ukrainien}} {{accès langue|ur|ourdou}} {{accès langue|vi|vietnamien}} {{accès langue|wa|wallon}} {{accès langue|yi|yiddish}} {{accès langue|zh|Langue chinoise}} {{accès langue|zh-min-nan|minnan}} </div> </div> == Les modèles Babel-x == Il existe des modèles prédéfinis qui créent un tableau « flottant » à droite de la page où ils sont appelés. Le modèle à appeler est fonction du nombre de langues parlées par l'utilisateur. Par exemple {{m|Babel-1}} pour un utilisateur unilingue, {{m|Babel-2}} pour un utilisateur parlant 2 langues, jusqu'à {{m|Babel-6}} pour un utilisateur parlant 6 langues (encore qu'on puisse créer des modèles supplémentaires en cas de nécessité). Même si cela paraît une évidence, il faut préciser qu'il paraît logique, même si c'est facultatif, qu'un utilisateur liste les langues qu'il pratique dans l'ordre décroissant des connaissances qu'il en a, la ou les langues maternelles en premier, puis les langues moins bien connues... {| | {| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px; text-align: center" |- | '''[[Wikipédia:Babel]]''' |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''fr'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Cette personne a pour '''[[:Category:User fr-M|langue maternelle]]''' le '''[[:Category:User fr|français]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''en-2'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">This user is able to contribute with an '''[[:Category:User en-2|intermediate]]''' level of '''[[:Category:User en|English]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''de-1'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Dieser Benutzer hat '''[[:Category:User de-1|grundlegende]] [[:Category:User de|Deutschkenntnisse]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |} <big>'''Exemple 1 : utilisateur trilingue (incluant le français)'''<big> Un utilisateur parlant trois langues pourra par exemple insérer dans sa page utilisateur (et dans celle-là seulement, surtout pas dans sa page de discussion) le modèle {{m|babel-3}} via la syntaxe <nowiki>{{babel-3|ln|fr-3|en-1}}</nowiki>. L'appel d'un de ces modèles dans une page utilisateur, avec les bons critères (voir ci-dessous), ajoute en outre la catégorie correspondant à chacune des langues. Remarquez que, dans l'illustration ci-contre, les catégories ne sont volontairement pas appelées, afin de ne pas catégoriser inutilement la présente page. |} {| style="margin-top: 1em" | {| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px; text-align: center" |- | '''[[Wikipédia:Babel]]''' |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''en'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">This user is a native '''[[:Category:User en|English speaker]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''pl-3'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Ten użytkownik posługuje się '''[[:Category:User pl|językiem polskim]]''' na poziomie '''[[:Category:User pl-3|zaawansowanym]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #ffb3b3 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#ffe0e8"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#ffb3b3;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''ln-0'''</td> <td style="font-size:0.9em;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Cet utilisateur [[:Category:User ln-0|'''ne comprend pas''']] le '''[[:Category:User ln|lingalá]]''', ou seulement avec des difficultés notables.</td> </tr></table></div> |} <big>'''Exemple 2 : utilisateur bilingue<br />(et précisant sa méconnaissance du lingalá)'''</big> En outre, un utilisateur de wikipédias non francophone – ou qui estime avoir un niveau très insuffisant en français –, par exemple un participant à une autre wikipédia inscrit sur la wikipédia francophone dans le but de faire des liens interlangues vers « sa » wikipédia de prédilection ou vers d'autres, pourra également appeler dans l'un ou l'autre des modèles Babel, un critère fr-0, qui signale sa faible connaissance de la langue française. Remarquer que, dans l'illustration ci-contre, les catégories ne sont volontairement pas appelées, afin de ne pas catégoriser inutilement la présente page. |} == Création de catégories et de modèles pour une langue == Si vous avez besoin de créer des modèles pour une langue : :'''1.''' Créer la catégorie « mère » <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> (liée à la catégorie supérieure [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]), :'''2.''' Créer les quatre catégories « filles » : ::*<nowiki>[[Category:User ??-M]]</nowiki> (langue maternelle) ::*<nowiki>[[Category:User ??-3]]</nowiki> (niveau avancé) ::*<nowiki>[[Category:User ??-2]]</nowiki> (niveau intermédiaire) ::*<nowiki>[[Category:User ??-1]]</nowiki> (niveau de base) ::chacune liée à la catégorie « mère » <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> :'''3.''' Créer les quatre modèles : ::*<nowiki>{{Modèle:User ??}}</nowiki>, lié à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> et à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??-M]]</nowiki> ::*<nowiki>{{Modèle:User ??-3}}</nowiki>, lié à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> et à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??-3]]</nowiki> ::*<nowiki>{{Modèle:User ??-2}}</nowiki>, lié à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> et à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??-2]]</nowiki> ::*<nowiki>{{Modèle:User ??-1}}</nowiki>, lié à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> et à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??-1]]</nowiki> :'''4.''' Créer l'« éventail » des modèles d'une langue dans une sous-page <nowiki>[[Wikipédia:Babel/??]]</nowiki> en saisissant simplement, dans la sous-page, <nowiki>{{éventail langue|??}}</nowiki> ?? = préfixe de la langue :'''5.''' Créer ci-dessous, si elle n'est pas préexistante, la section consacrée à une langue, en utilisant simplement, dans la section « Langues » ci-dessous, le modèle {{m|sommaire langue}}, avec la syntaxe : ::'''<nowiki>{{sommaire langue | préfixe | nom de la langue (dans la langue) | nom de la langue (en français)}}</nowiki>''' :::Exemple : '''<nowiki>{{sommaire langue | en | English | anglais}}</nowiki>''' == Langues == Classées, comme sur la plupart des wikis, par ordre alphabétique du préfixe de la langue. <div style="float:right;border:solid #ffb3b3 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#ffe0e8"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#ffb3b3;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''fr-0'''</td> <td style="font-size:0.9em;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Cette personne [[:Category:User ln-0|'''ne comprend pas''']] le '''[[:Category:User ln|lingalá]]''', ou seulement avec des difficultés notables.</td> </tr></table></div> ::modèle et catégorie supplémentaires '''pour ceux qui ne parlent pas le lingalá''' (template and category '''for those who do not speak lingalá''') : ::{{m|User ln-0}} – Catégorie associée : [[:Category:User ln-0]] (directement rangée dans [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]) ::Pour information : liste des Wikipedias disposant d'un modèle comparable à {{m|User ln-0}} (et à n'utiliser que sur le Wikipedia concerné) ::[[:ar:قالب:مستخدم ar-0]] (arabe), [[:bg:Шаблон:User bg-0]] (bulgare), [[:ca:Template:Babel ca-0]] (catalan), [[:cs:Šablona:User cs-0]] (tchèque), [[:de:Vorlage:User de-0]] (allemand), [[:en:Template:User en-0]] (anglais), [[:es:Plantilla:·Usuarios por idioma (es-0)]] (espagnol), [[:fi:Malline:User fi-0]] (finnois), [[:ga:Múnla:Úsáideoir ga-0]] (irlandais), [[:id:Templat:User id-0]] (indonésien), [[:it:Template:Utente it-0]] (italien), [[:ja:Template:User ja-0]] (japonais), [[:ko:Template:User ko-0]] (coréen), [[:ln:Template:User ln-0]] (lingalá), [[:na:Template:User na-0]] (nauruan), [[:pl:Szablon:User pl-0]] (polonais), [[:pt:Predefinição:User pt-0]] (portugais), [[:qu:Template:Ruwaq:qu-0]] (quechua), [[:ru:Template:User ru-0]] (russe), [[:scn:Template:User scn-0]] (sicilien), [[:sl:Template:User sl-0]] (slovène), [[:sr:Template:User sr-0]] (serbe), [[:sv:Mall:Användare sv-0]] (suédois), [[:uk:Шаблон:User uk-0]] (ukrainien) – ''liste non exhaustive''... {{sommaire langue|af|Afrikaans|afrikaans}} {{sommaire langue|als|Alemannisch|alémanique}} {{sommaire langue|ang|Anglo Saxon|anglo-saxon}} {{sommaire langue|ar|العربية [Arabiiya]|arabe}} {{sommaire langue|ast|Asturianu|asturien}} {{sommaire langue|be|Беларуская [Belaruskaja]|biélorusse}} {{sommaire langue|bg|български [Bulgarski]|bulgare}} {{sommaire langue|bs|Bosanski|bosniaque}} {{sommaire langue|ca|Català|catalan}} {{sommaire langue|co|Corsu|corse}} {{sommaire langue|cs|Český|tchèque}} {{sommaire langue|cy|Cymraeg|gallois}} {{sommaire langue|da|Dansk|danois}} {{sommaire langue|de|Deutsch|allemand}} {{sommaire langue|el|Ελληνικά [Ellinika]|grec moderne}} {{sommaire langue|en|English|anglais}} {{sommaire langue|eo|Esperanto|espéranto}} {{sommaire langue|es|Español|espagnol}} {{sommaire langue|et|Eesti|estonien}} {{sommaire langue|fa|فارسی [Faarsi]|persan}} {{sommaire langue|fi|Suomi|finnois}} {{sommaire langue|fo|Føroyskt|féroïen}} {{sommaire langue|fr|Français|français}} {{sommaire langue|fur|Furlan|frioulan}} {{sommaire langue|fy|Frysk|frison}} {{sommaire langue|ga|Gaeilge|irlandais}} {{sommaire langue|gd|Gàidhlig|écossais}} {{sommaire langue|gl|Galego|galicien}} {{sommaire langue|gal|Galo|gallo}} {{sommaire langue|gu|ગુજરાતી [Gujrâtî]|gujarati}} {{sommaire langue|he|עברית [Ivrit]|hébreu}} {{sommaire langue|hi|हिन्दी [Hindî]|hindi}} {{sommaire langue|hr|Hrvatski|croate}} {{sommaire langue|hu|Magyar|hongrois}} {{sommaire langue|hy|Հայերեն [Haybodon]|arménien}} {{sommaire langue|ia|Interlingua|interlingua}} {{sommaire langue|id|Bahasa Indonesia|indonésien}} {{sommaire langue|io|Ido|ido}} {{sommaire langue|is|Íslenska|islandais}} {{sommaire langue|it|Italiano|italien}} {{sommaire langue|ja|日本語 [Nihongo]|japonais}} {{sommaire langue|jv|Basa Jawa|javanais}} {{sommaire langue|kn|ಕನ್ನಡ [Kannadda]|kannara}} {{sommaire langue|ko|한국어 [Hangugeo]|coréen}} {{sommaire langue|la|Latina|latin}} {{sommaire langue|lb|Lëtzebuergesch|luxembourgeois}} {{sommaire langue|li|Limburgs|limbourgeois}} {{sommaire langue|ln|Lingalá|lingalá}} {{sommaire langue|lt|Lietuvių|lituanien}} {{sommaire langue|lv|Latviešu|letton}} {{sommaire langue|mk|Македонски [Makedonski]|macédonien}} {{sommaire langue|ms|Bahasa Melayu|malais}} {{sommaire langue|nds|Plattdüütsch|bas-allemand}} {{sommaire langue|nl|Nederlands|néerlandais}} {{sommaire langue|nn|Nynorsk|nynorsk}} {{sommaire langue|no|Norsk|norvégien}} {{sommaire langue|os|Ирон [Iron]|ossète}} {{sommaire langue|pl|Polski|polonais}} {{sommaire langue|pt|Português|portugais}} {{sommaire langue|qu|Runa Simi|quechua}} {{sommaire langue|ro|Română|roumain}} {{sommaire langue|ru|Русский [Russkii]|russe}} {{sommaire langue|sa|संस्कृत [Samskrta]|sanskrit}} {{sommaire langue|sc|Sardu|sarde}} {{sommaire langue|scn|Sicilianu|sicilien}} {{sommaire langue|sk|Slovenčina|slovaque}} {{sommaire langue|sl|Slovenščina|slovène}} {{sommaire langue|sq|shqip|albanais}} {{sommaire langue|sr|Српски / Srpski|serbe}} {{sommaire langue|sv|Svenska|suédois}} {{sommaire langue|sw|Kiswahili|swahili}} {{sommaire langue|ta|தமிழ் [Tamilll]|tamoul}} {{sommaire langue|th|ไทย [Thai]|thaï}} {{sommaire langue|tl|Tagalog|tagalog}} {{sommaire langue|tr|Türkçe|turc}} {{sommaire langue|tt|Tatarça|tatar}} {{sommaire langue|uk|Українська [Ukrainska]|ukrainien}} {{sommaire langue|ur|اردو [Urdu]|ourdou}} {{sommaire langue|vi|Tiếng Việt|vietnamien}} {{sommaire langue|wa|Walon|wallon}} {{sommaire langue|yi|ייִדיש [Yidish]|yiddish}} {{sommaire langue|zh|中文 [zhōngwén]|langue chinoise}} {{sommaire langue|zh-min-nan|Bân-lâm-gú|minnan}} [[Catégorie:Wikipédia|Babel]] <!-- Liens interlangues : les interwikis ne sont pas classés, sur le Wikipédia francophone, d'après les préfixes de langue, mais d'après le nom de la langue. S'il vous plaît, ne touchez pas à l'ordre existant. --> <!-- Interlanguage links: interwikis are not ordered, on French Wikipedia, by language codes, but by language names. Please leave the order as it is. --> [[ar:ويكيبيديا:بابل]] [[ast:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Babel]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Babel]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Babylón]] [[de:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[en:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[es:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babel]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Baibéal]] [[ko:위키백과:바벨]] [[id:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[it:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[li:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[ln:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[mi:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[na:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[ja:Wikipedia:バベル]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Wieża Babel]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[ru:Википедия:Вавилон]] [[scn:Wikipedia:Babeli]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Babilon]] [[sr:Википедија:Језичке кутијице]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[uk:Вікіпедія:Вавілон]] 5479 2005-07-21T16:43:59Z Bombo 12 /* Langues */ '''CETTE PAGE EST A TRADUIRE --- vous parlez le lingala? Merci de traduire une partie ou la page entiere en lingala.''' Les '''modèles d'utilisateurs par langue''' permettent de faciliter la communication entre utilisateurs pratiquant différentes langues. Ils ont été développés, à l'origine, sur [[commons:Commons:Babel|Wikimedia Commons]], puis repris dans [[meta:Meta:Babel templates|Meta-Wiki]] puis dans divers Wikipedia et aussi, récemment, dans le Wikinews francophone (« gamme » volontairement limitée aux douze langues actuelles du projet Wikinews). Voir aussi les modèles disponibles sur [[commons:Commons:Babel]] ou sur [[meta:Meta:Babel templates]]. Pour certaines langues, la « gamme » de modèles est encore incomplète : il est également conseillé d'aller voir de temps en temps [[:en:Wikipedia:Babel]] sur le Wikipedia anglophone, dont la « gamme » étendue diffère sensiblement de celles de commons: et meta:. <div style="border: 1px solid #999; padding: 0 0.5em 0 0.5em; margin: 0.5em"> Vous ne parlez pas <span style="color: red">'''lingalá'''</span> ? Voir : [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Français|Français]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#English|English]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Deutsch|Deutsch]] - [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Español|Español]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Italiano|Italiano]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#日本語|日本語]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#한국어|한국어]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Nederlands|Nederlands]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Português|Português]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Slovenščina|Slovenščina]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Serbian/Српски|Serbian/Српски]] - [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Svenska|Svenska]] - [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#中文|中文]] - [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Bân-lâm-gú|Bân-lâm-gú]] </div> __NOTOC__ == Sommaire == <div style="margin: 1em 2em 0 2em; padding: 0.5em; background-color: #f9f9f9; border:1px solid #aaaaaa"> 1. '''[[#Les modèles Babel-x|Les modèles Babel-x]]''' – 2. '''[[#Création de catégories et de modèles pour une langue|Création de catégories et de modèles pour une langue]]''' – 3. '''[[#Langues|Langues]]''' : <div style="margin-left: 2em"> {{accès langue|af|afrikaans}} {{accès langue|als|alémanique}} {{accès langue|ang|anglo-saxon}} {{accès langue|ar|arabe}} {{accès langue|ast|asturien}} {{accès langue|be|biélorusse}} {{accès langue|bg|bulgare}} {{accès langue|bs|bosniaque}} {{accès langue|ca|catalan}} {{accès langue|co|corse}} {{accès langue|cs|tchèque}} {{accès langue|cy|gallois}} {{accès langue|da|danois}} {{accès langue|de|allemand}} {{accès langue|el|grec moderne}} {{accès langue|en|anglais}} {{accès langue|eo|espéranto}} {{accès langue|es|espagnol}} {{accès langue|et|estonien}} {{accès langue|fa|persan}} {{accès langue|fi|finnois}} {{accès langue|fo|féroïen}} {{accès langue|fr|français}} {{accès langue|fur|frioulan}} {{accès langue|fy|frison}} {{accès langue|ga|irlandais}} {{accès langue|gd|écossais}} {{accès langue|gl|galicien}} {{accès langue|gal|gallo}} {{accès langue|gu|gujarati}} {{accès langue|he|hébreu}} {{accès langue|hi|hindi}} {{accès langue|hr|croate}} {{accès langue|hu|hongrois}} {{accès langue|hy|arménien}} {{accès langue|ia|interlingua}} {{accès langue|id|indonésien}} {{accès langue|io|ido}} {{accès langue|is|islandais}} {{accès langue|it|italien}} {{accès langue|ja|japonais}} {{accès langue|jv|javanais}} {{accès langue|kn|kannara}} {{accès langue|ko|coréen}} {{accès langue|la|latin}} {{accès langue|lb|luxembourgeois}} {{accès langue|li|limbourgeois}} {{accès langue|ln|lingalá}} {{accès langue|lt|lituanien}} {{accès langue|lv|letton}} {{accès langue|mk|macédonien}} {{accès langue|ms|malais}} {{accès langue|nd|normand}} {{accès langue|nds|bas-allemand}} {{accès langue|nl|néerlandais}} {{accès langue|nn|nynorsk}} {{accès langue|no|norvégien}} {{accès langue|os|ossète}} {{accès langue|pl|polonais}} {{accès langue|pt|portugais}} {{accès langue|qu|quechua}} {{accès langue|ro|roumain}} {{accès langue|ru|russe}} {{accès langue|sa|sanskrit}} {{accès langue|sc|sarde}} {{accès langue|scn|sicilien}} {{accès langue|sk|slovaque}} {{accès langue|sl|slovène}} {{accès langue|sq|albanais}} {{accès langue|sr|serbe}} {{accès langue|sv|suédois}} {{accès langue|sw|swahili}} {{accès langue|ta|tamoul}} {{accès langue|th|thaï}} {{accès langue|tl|tagalog}} {{accès langue|tr|turc}} {{accès langue|tt|tatar}} {{accès langue|uk|ukrainien}} {{accès langue|ur|ourdou}} {{accès langue|vi|vietnamien}} {{accès langue|wa|wallon}} {{accès langue|yi|yiddish}} {{accès langue|zh|Langue chinoise}} {{accès langue|zh-min-nan|minnan}} </div> </div> == Les modèles Babel-x == Il existe des modèles prédéfinis qui créent un tableau « flottant » à droite de la page où ils sont appelés. Le modèle à appeler est fonction du nombre de langues parlées par l'utilisateur. Par exemple {{m|Babel-1}} pour un utilisateur unilingue, {{m|Babel-2}} pour un utilisateur parlant 2 langues, jusqu'à {{m|Babel-6}} pour un utilisateur parlant 6 langues (encore qu'on puisse créer des modèles supplémentaires en cas de nécessité). Même si cela paraît une évidence, il faut préciser qu'il paraît logique, même si c'est facultatif, qu'un utilisateur liste les langues qu'il pratique dans l'ordre décroissant des connaissances qu'il en a, la ou les langues maternelles en premier, puis les langues moins bien connues... {| | {| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px; text-align: center" |- | '''[[Wikipédia:Babel]]''' |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''fr'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Cette personne a pour '''[[:Category:User fr-M|langue maternelle]]''' le '''[[:Category:User fr|français]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''en-2'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">This user is able to contribute with an '''[[:Category:User en-2|intermediate]]''' level of '''[[:Category:User en|English]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''de-1'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Dieser Benutzer hat '''[[:Category:User de-1|grundlegende]] [[:Category:User de|Deutschkenntnisse]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |} <big>'''Exemple 1 : utilisateur trilingue (incluant le français)'''<big> Un utilisateur parlant trois langues pourra par exemple insérer dans sa page utilisateur (et dans celle-là seulement, surtout pas dans sa page de discussion) le modèle {{m|babel-3}} via la syntaxe <nowiki>{{babel-3|ln|fr-3|en-1}}</nowiki>. L'appel d'un de ces modèles dans une page utilisateur, avec les bons critères (voir ci-dessous), ajoute en outre la catégorie correspondant à chacune des langues. Remarquez que, dans l'illustration ci-contre, les catégories ne sont volontairement pas appelées, afin de ne pas catégoriser inutilement la présente page. |} {| style="margin-top: 1em" | {| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px; text-align: center" |- | '''[[Wikipédia:Babel]]''' |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''en'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">This user is a native '''[[:Category:User en|English speaker]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''pl-3'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Ten użytkownik posługuje się '''[[:Category:User pl|językiem polskim]]''' na poziomie '''[[:Category:User pl-3|zaawansowanym]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #ffb3b3 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#ffe0e8"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#ffb3b3;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''ln-0'''</td> <td style="font-size:0.9em;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Cet utilisateur [[:Category:User ln-0|'''ne comprend pas''']] le '''[[:Category:User ln|lingalá]]''', ou seulement avec des difficultés notables.</td> </tr></table></div> |} <big>'''Exemple 2 : utilisateur bilingue<br />(et précisant sa méconnaissance du lingalá)'''</big> En outre, un utilisateur de wikipédias non francophone – ou qui estime avoir un niveau très insuffisant en français –, par exemple un participant à une autre wikipédia inscrit sur la wikipédia francophone dans le but de faire des liens interlangues vers « sa » wikipédia de prédilection ou vers d'autres, pourra également appeler dans l'un ou l'autre des modèles Babel, un critère fr-0, qui signale sa faible connaissance de la langue française. Remarquer que, dans l'illustration ci-contre, les catégories ne sont volontairement pas appelées, afin de ne pas catégoriser inutilement la présente page. |} == Création de catégories et de modèles pour une langue == Si vous avez besoin de créer des modèles pour une langue : :'''1.''' Créer la catégorie « mère » <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> (liée à la catégorie supérieure [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]), :'''2.''' Créer les quatre catégories « filles » : ::*<nowiki>[[Category:User ??-M]]</nowiki> (langue maternelle) ::*<nowiki>[[Category:User ??-3]]</nowiki> (niveau avancé) ::*<nowiki>[[Category:User ??-2]]</nowiki> (niveau intermédiaire) ::*<nowiki>[[Category:User ??-1]]</nowiki> (niveau de base) ::chacune liée à la catégorie « mère » <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> :'''3.''' Créer les quatre modèles : ::*<nowiki>{{Modèle:User ??}}</nowiki>, lié à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> et à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??-M]]</nowiki> ::*<nowiki>{{Modèle:User ??-3}}</nowiki>, lié à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> et à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??-3]]</nowiki> ::*<nowiki>{{Modèle:User ??-2}}</nowiki>, lié à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> et à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??-2]]</nowiki> ::*<nowiki>{{Modèle:User ??-1}}</nowiki>, lié à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> et à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??-1]]</nowiki> :'''4.''' Créer l'« éventail » des modèles d'une langue dans une sous-page <nowiki>[[Wikipédia:Babel/??]]</nowiki> en saisissant simplement, dans la sous-page, <nowiki>{{éventail langue|??}}</nowiki> ?? = préfixe de la langue :'''5.''' Créer ci-dessous, si elle n'est pas préexistante, la section consacrée à une langue, en utilisant simplement, dans la section « Langues » ci-dessous, le modèle {{m|sommaire langue}}, avec la syntaxe : ::'''<nowiki>{{sommaire langue | préfixe | nom de la langue (dans la langue) | nom de la langue (en français)}}</nowiki>''' :::Exemple : '''<nowiki>{{sommaire langue | en | English | anglais}}</nowiki>''' == Langues == Classées, comme sur la plupart des wikis, par ordre alphabétique du préfixe de la langue. <div style="float:right;border:solid #ffb3b3 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#ffe0e8"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#ffb3b3;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''ln-0'''</td> <td style="font-size:0.9em;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Cette personne [[:Category:User ln-0|'''ne comprend pas''']] le '''[[:Category:User ln|lingalá]]''', ou seulement avec des difficultés notables.</td> </tr></table></div> ::modèle et catégorie supplémentaires '''pour ceux qui ne parlent pas le lingalá''' (template and category '''for those who do not speak lingalá''') : ::{{m|User ln-0}} – Catégorie associée : [[:Category:User ln-0]] (directement rangée dans [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]) ::Pour information : liste des Wikipedias disposant d'un modèle comparable à {{m|User ln-0}} (et à n'utiliser que sur le Wikipedia concerné) ::[[:ar:قالب:مستخدم ar-0]] (arabe), [[:bg:Шаблон:User bg-0]] (bulgare), [[:ca:Template:Babel ca-0]] (catalan), [[:cs:Šablona:User cs-0]] (tchèque), [[:de:Vorlage:User de-0]] (allemand), [[:en:Template:User en-0]] (anglais), [[:es:Plantilla:·Usuarios por idioma (es-0)]] (espagnol), [[:fi:Malline:User fi-0]] (finnois), [[:ga:Múnla:Úsáideoir ga-0]] (irlandais), [[:id:Templat:User id-0]] (indonésien), [[:it:Template:Utente it-0]] (italien), [[:ja:Template:User ja-0]] (japonais), [[:ko:Template:User ko-0]] (coréen), [[:ln:Template:User ln-0]] (lingalá), [[:na:Template:User na-0]] (nauruan), [[:pl:Szablon:User pl-0]] (polonais), [[:pt:Predefinição:User pt-0]] (portugais), [[:qu:Template:Ruwaq:qu-0]] (quechua), [[:ru:Template:User ru-0]] (russe), [[:scn:Template:User scn-0]] (sicilien), [[:sl:Template:User sl-0]] (slovène), [[:sr:Template:User sr-0]] (serbe), [[:sv:Mall:Användare sv-0]] (suédois), [[:uk:Шаблон:User uk-0]] (ukrainien) – ''liste non exhaustive''... {{sommaire langue|af|Afrikaans|afrikaans}} {{sommaire langue|als|Alemannisch|alémanique}} {{sommaire langue|ang|Anglo Saxon|anglo-saxon}} {{sommaire langue|ar|العربية [Arabiiya]|arabe}} {{sommaire langue|ast|Asturianu|asturien}} {{sommaire langue|be|Беларуская [Belaruskaja]|biélorusse}} {{sommaire langue|bg|български [Bulgarski]|bulgare}} {{sommaire langue|bs|Bosanski|bosniaque}} {{sommaire langue|ca|Català|catalan}} {{sommaire langue|co|Corsu|corse}} {{sommaire langue|cs|Český|tchèque}} {{sommaire langue|cy|Cymraeg|gallois}} {{sommaire langue|da|Dansk|danois}} {{sommaire langue|de|Deutsch|allemand}} {{sommaire langue|el|Ελληνικά [Ellinika]|grec moderne}} {{sommaire langue|en|English|anglais}} {{sommaire langue|eo|Esperanto|espéranto}} {{sommaire langue|es|Español|espagnol}} {{sommaire langue|et|Eesti|estonien}} {{sommaire langue|fa|فارسی [Faarsi]|persan}} {{sommaire langue|fi|Suomi|finnois}} {{sommaire langue|fo|Føroyskt|féroïen}} {{sommaire langue|fr|Français|français}} {{sommaire langue|fur|Furlan|frioulan}} {{sommaire langue|fy|Frysk|frison}} {{sommaire langue|ga|Gaeilge|irlandais}} {{sommaire langue|gd|Gàidhlig|écossais}} {{sommaire langue|gl|Galego|galicien}} {{sommaire langue|gal|Galo|gallo}} {{sommaire langue|gu|ગુજરાતી [Gujrâtî]|gujarati}} {{sommaire langue|he|עברית [Ivrit]|hébreu}} {{sommaire langue|hi|हिन्दी [Hindî]|hindi}} {{sommaire langue|hr|Hrvatski|croate}} {{sommaire langue|hu|Magyar|hongrois}} {{sommaire langue|hy|Հայերեն [Haybodon]|arménien}} {{sommaire langue|ia|Interlingua|interlingua}} {{sommaire langue|id|Bahasa Indonesia|indonésien}} {{sommaire langue|io|Ido|ido}} {{sommaire langue|is|Íslenska|islandais}} {{sommaire langue|it|Italiano|italien}} {{sommaire langue|ja|日本語 [Nihongo]|japonais}} {{sommaire langue|jv|Basa Jawa|javanais}} {{sommaire langue|kn|ಕನ್ನಡ [Kannadda]|kannara}} {{sommaire langue|ko|한국어 [Hangugeo]|coréen}} {{sommaire langue|la|Latina|latin}} {{sommaire langue|lb|Lëtzebuergesch|luxembourgeois}} {{sommaire langue|li|Limburgs|limbourgeois}} {{sommaire langue|ln|Lingalá|lingalá}} {{sommaire langue|lt|Lietuvių|lituanien}} {{sommaire langue|lv|Latviešu|letton}} {{sommaire langue|mk|Македонски [Makedonski]|macédonien}} {{sommaire langue|ms|Bahasa Melayu|malais}} {{sommaire langue|nds|Plattdüütsch|bas-allemand}} {{sommaire langue|nl|Nederlands|néerlandais}} {{sommaire langue|nn|Nynorsk|nynorsk}} {{sommaire langue|no|Norsk|norvégien}} {{sommaire langue|os|Ирон [Iron]|ossète}} {{sommaire langue|pl|Polski|polonais}} {{sommaire langue|pt|Português|portugais}} {{sommaire langue|qu|Runa Simi|quechua}} {{sommaire langue|ro|Română|roumain}} {{sommaire langue|ru|Русский [Russkii]|russe}} {{sommaire langue|sa|संस्कृत [Samskrta]|sanskrit}} {{sommaire langue|sc|Sardu|sarde}} {{sommaire langue|scn|Sicilianu|sicilien}} {{sommaire langue|sk|Slovenčina|slovaque}} {{sommaire langue|sl|Slovenščina|slovène}} {{sommaire langue|sq|shqip|albanais}} {{sommaire langue|sr|Српски / Srpski|serbe}} {{sommaire langue|sv|Svenska|suédois}} {{sommaire langue|sw|Kiswahili|swahili}} {{sommaire langue|ta|தமிழ் [Tamilll]|tamoul}} {{sommaire langue|th|ไทย [Thai]|thaï}} {{sommaire langue|tl|Tagalog|tagalog}} {{sommaire langue|tr|Türkçe|turc}} {{sommaire langue|tt|Tatarça|tatar}} {{sommaire langue|uk|Українська [Ukrainska]|ukrainien}} {{sommaire langue|ur|اردو [Urdu]|ourdou}} {{sommaire langue|vi|Tiếng Việt|vietnamien}} {{sommaire langue|wa|Walon|wallon}} {{sommaire langue|yi|ייִדיש [Yidish]|yiddish}} {{sommaire langue|zh|中文 [zhōngwén]|langue chinoise}} {{sommaire langue|zh-min-nan|Bân-lâm-gú|minnan}} [[Catégorie:Wikipédia|Babel]] <!-- Liens interlangues : les interwikis ne sont pas classés, sur le Wikipédia francophone, d'après les préfixes de langue, mais d'après le nom de la langue. S'il vous plaît, ne touchez pas à l'ordre existant. --> <!-- Interlanguage links: interwikis are not ordered, on French Wikipedia, by language codes, but by language names. Please leave the order as it is. --> [[ar:ويكيبيديا:بابل]] [[ast:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Babel]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Babel]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Babylón]] [[de:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[en:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[es:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babel]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Baibéal]] [[ko:위키백과:바벨]] [[id:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[it:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[li:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[ln:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[mi:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[na:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[ja:Wikipedia:バベル]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Wieża Babel]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[ru:Википедия:Вавилон]] [[scn:Wikipedia:Babeli]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Babilon]] [[sr:Википедија:Језичке кутијице]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[uk:Вікіпедія:Вавілон]] 5839 2005-07-29T17:48:46Z Moyogo 11 /* Langues */ lingalá -> lingála '''CETTE PAGE EST A TRADUIRE --- vous parlez le lingala? Merci de traduire une partie ou la page entiere en lingala.''' Les '''modèles d'utilisateurs par langue''' permettent de faciliter la communication entre utilisateurs pratiquant différentes langues. Ils ont été développés, à l'origine, sur [[commons:Commons:Babel|Wikimedia Commons]], puis repris dans [[meta:Meta:Babel templates|Meta-Wiki]] puis dans divers Wikipedia et aussi, récemment, dans le Wikinews francophone (« gamme » volontairement limitée aux douze langues actuelles du projet Wikinews). Voir aussi les modèles disponibles sur [[commons:Commons:Babel]] ou sur [[meta:Meta:Babel templates]]. Pour certaines langues, la « gamme » de modèles est encore incomplète : il est également conseillé d'aller voir de temps en temps [[:en:Wikipedia:Babel]] sur le Wikipedia anglophone, dont la « gamme » étendue diffère sensiblement de celles de commons: et meta:. <div style="border: 1px solid #999; padding: 0 0.5em 0 0.5em; margin: 0.5em"> Vous ne parlez pas <span style="color: red">'''lingalá'''</span> ? Voir : [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Français|Français]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#English|English]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Deutsch|Deutsch]] - [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Español|Español]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Italiano|Italiano]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#日本語|日本語]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#한국어|한국어]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Nederlands|Nederlands]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Português|Português]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Slovenščina|Slovenščina]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Serbian/Српски|Serbian/Српски]] - [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Svenska|Svenska]] - [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#中文|中文]] - [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Bân-lâm-gú|Bân-lâm-gú]] </div> __NOTOC__ == Sommaire == <div style="margin: 1em 2em 0 2em; padding: 0.5em; background-color: #f9f9f9; border:1px solid #aaaaaa"> 1. '''[[#Les modèles Babel-x|Les modèles Babel-x]]''' – 2. '''[[#Création de catégories et de modèles pour une langue|Création de catégories et de modèles pour une langue]]''' – 3. '''[[#Langues|Langues]]''' : <div style="margin-left: 2em"> {{accès langue|af|afrikaans}} {{accès langue|als|alémanique}} {{accès langue|ang|anglo-saxon}} {{accès langue|ar|arabe}} {{accès langue|ast|asturien}} {{accès langue|be|biélorusse}} {{accès langue|bg|bulgare}} {{accès langue|bs|bosniaque}} {{accès langue|ca|catalan}} {{accès langue|co|corse}} {{accès langue|cs|tchèque}} {{accès langue|cy|gallois}} {{accès langue|da|danois}} {{accès langue|de|allemand}} {{accès langue|el|grec moderne}} {{accès langue|en|anglais}} {{accès langue|eo|espéranto}} {{accès langue|es|espagnol}} {{accès langue|et|estonien}} {{accès langue|fa|persan}} {{accès langue|fi|finnois}} {{accès langue|fo|féroïen}} {{accès langue|fr|français}} {{accès langue|fur|frioulan}} {{accès langue|fy|frison}} {{accès langue|ga|irlandais}} {{accès langue|gd|écossais}} {{accès langue|gl|galicien}} {{accès langue|gal|gallo}} {{accès langue|gu|gujarati}} {{accès langue|he|hébreu}} {{accès langue|hi|hindi}} {{accès langue|hr|croate}} {{accès langue|hu|hongrois}} {{accès langue|hy|arménien}} {{accès langue|ia|interlingua}} {{accès langue|id|indonésien}} {{accès langue|io|ido}} {{accès langue|is|islandais}} {{accès langue|it|italien}} {{accès langue|ja|japonais}} {{accès langue|jv|javanais}} {{accès langue|kn|kannara}} {{accès langue|ko|coréen}} {{accès langue|la|latin}} {{accès langue|lb|luxembourgeois}} {{accès langue|li|limbourgeois}} {{accès langue|ln|lingalá}} {{accès langue|lt|lituanien}} {{accès langue|lv|letton}} {{accès langue|mk|macédonien}} {{accès langue|ms|malais}} {{accès langue|nd|normand}} {{accès langue|nds|bas-allemand}} {{accès langue|nl|néerlandais}} {{accès langue|nn|nynorsk}} {{accès langue|no|norvégien}} {{accès langue|os|ossète}} {{accès langue|pl|polonais}} {{accès langue|pt|portugais}} {{accès langue|qu|quechua}} {{accès langue|ro|roumain}} {{accès langue|ru|russe}} {{accès langue|sa|sanskrit}} {{accès langue|sc|sarde}} {{accès langue|scn|sicilien}} {{accès langue|sk|slovaque}} {{accès langue|sl|slovène}} {{accès langue|sq|albanais}} {{accès langue|sr|serbe}} {{accès langue|sv|suédois}} {{accès langue|sw|swahili}} {{accès langue|ta|tamoul}} {{accès langue|th|thaï}} {{accès langue|tl|tagalog}} {{accès langue|tr|turc}} {{accès langue|tt|tatar}} {{accès langue|uk|ukrainien}} {{accès langue|ur|ourdou}} {{accès langue|vi|vietnamien}} {{accès langue|wa|wallon}} {{accès langue|yi|yiddish}} {{accès langue|zh|Langue chinoise}} {{accès langue|zh-min-nan|minnan}} </div> </div> == Les modèles Babel-x == Il existe des modèles prédéfinis qui créent un tableau « flottant » à droite de la page où ils sont appelés. Le modèle à appeler est fonction du nombre de langues parlées par l'utilisateur. Par exemple {{m|Babel-1}} pour un utilisateur unilingue, {{m|Babel-2}} pour un utilisateur parlant 2 langues, jusqu'à {{m|Babel-6}} pour un utilisateur parlant 6 langues (encore qu'on puisse créer des modèles supplémentaires en cas de nécessité). Même si cela paraît une évidence, il faut préciser qu'il paraît logique, même si c'est facultatif, qu'un utilisateur liste les langues qu'il pratique dans l'ordre décroissant des connaissances qu'il en a, la ou les langues maternelles en premier, puis les langues moins bien connues... {| | {| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px; text-align: center" |- | '''[[Wikipédia:Babel]]''' |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''fr'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Cette personne a pour '''[[:Category:User fr-M|langue maternelle]]''' le '''[[:Category:User fr|français]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''en-2'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">This user is able to contribute with an '''[[:Category:User en-2|intermediate]]''' level of '''[[:Category:User en|English]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''de-1'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Dieser Benutzer hat '''[[:Category:User de-1|grundlegende]] [[:Category:User de|Deutschkenntnisse]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |} <big>'''Exemple 1 : utilisateur trilingue (incluant le français)'''<big> Un utilisateur parlant trois langues pourra par exemple insérer dans sa page utilisateur (et dans celle-là seulement, surtout pas dans sa page de discussion) le modèle {{m|babel-3}} via la syntaxe <nowiki>{{babel-3|ln|fr-3|en-1}}</nowiki>. L'appel d'un de ces modèles dans une page utilisateur, avec les bons critères (voir ci-dessous), ajoute en outre la catégorie correspondant à chacune des langues. Remarquez que, dans l'illustration ci-contre, les catégories ne sont volontairement pas appelées, afin de ne pas catégoriser inutilement la présente page. |} {| style="margin-top: 1em" | {| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px; text-align: center" |- | '''[[Wikipédia:Babel]]''' |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''en'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">This user is a native '''[[:Category:User en|English speaker]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''pl-3'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Ten użytkownik posługuje się '''[[:Category:User pl|językiem polskim]]''' na poziomie '''[[:Category:User pl-3|zaawansowanym]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #ffb3b3 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#ffe0e8"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#ffb3b3;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''ln-0'''</td> <td style="font-size:0.9em;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Cet utilisateur [[:Category:User ln-0|'''ne comprend pas''']] le '''[[:Category:User ln|lingalá]]''', ou seulement avec des difficultés notables.</td> </tr></table></div> |} <big>'''Exemple 2 : utilisateur bilingue<br />(et précisant sa méconnaissance du lingalá)'''</big> En outre, un utilisateur de wikipédias non francophone – ou qui estime avoir un niveau très insuffisant en français –, par exemple un participant à une autre wikipédia inscrit sur la wikipédia francophone dans le but de faire des liens interlangues vers « sa » wikipédia de prédilection ou vers d'autres, pourra également appeler dans l'un ou l'autre des modèles Babel, un critère fr-0, qui signale sa faible connaissance de la langue française. Remarquer que, dans l'illustration ci-contre, les catégories ne sont volontairement pas appelées, afin de ne pas catégoriser inutilement la présente page. |} == Création de catégories et de modèles pour une langue == Si vous avez besoin de créer des modèles pour une langue : :'''1.''' Créer la catégorie « mère » <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> (liée à la catégorie supérieure [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]), :'''2.''' Créer les quatre catégories « filles » : ::*<nowiki>[[Category:User ??-M]]</nowiki> (langue maternelle) ::*<nowiki>[[Category:User ??-3]]</nowiki> (niveau avancé) ::*<nowiki>[[Category:User ??-2]]</nowiki> (niveau intermédiaire) ::*<nowiki>[[Category:User ??-1]]</nowiki> (niveau de base) ::chacune liée à la catégorie « mère » <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> :'''3.''' Créer les quatre modèles : ::*<nowiki>{{Modèle:User ??}}</nowiki>, lié à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> et à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??-M]]</nowiki> ::*<nowiki>{{Modèle:User ??-3}}</nowiki>, lié à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> et à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??-3]]</nowiki> ::*<nowiki>{{Modèle:User ??-2}}</nowiki>, lié à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> et à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??-2]]</nowiki> ::*<nowiki>{{Modèle:User ??-1}}</nowiki>, lié à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> et à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??-1]]</nowiki> :'''4.''' Créer l'« éventail » des modèles d'une langue dans une sous-page <nowiki>[[Wikipédia:Babel/??]]</nowiki> en saisissant simplement, dans la sous-page, <nowiki>{{éventail langue|??}}</nowiki> ?? = préfixe de la langue :'''5.''' Créer ci-dessous, si elle n'est pas préexistante, la section consacrée à une langue, en utilisant simplement, dans la section « Langues » ci-dessous, le modèle {{m|sommaire langue}}, avec la syntaxe : ::'''<nowiki>{{sommaire langue | préfixe | nom de la langue (dans la langue) | nom de la langue (en français)}}</nowiki>''' :::Exemple : '''<nowiki>{{sommaire langue | en | English | anglais}}</nowiki>''' == Langues == Classées, comme sur la plupart des wikis, par ordre alphabétique du préfixe de la langue. <div style="float:right;border:solid #ffb3b3 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#ffe0e8"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#ffb3b3;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''ln-0'''</td> <td style="font-size:0.9em;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Cette personne [[:Category:User ln-0|'''ne comprend pas''']] le '''[[:Category:User ln|lingála]]''', ou seulement avec des difficultés notables.</td> </tr></table></div> ::modèle et catégorie supplémentaires '''pour ceux qui ne parlent pas le lingalá''' (template and category '''for those who do not speak lingalá''') : ::{{m|User ln-0}} – Catégorie associée : [[:Category:User ln-0]] (directement rangée dans [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]) ::Pour information : liste des Wikipedias disposant d'un modèle comparable à {{m|User ln-0}} (et à n'utiliser que sur le Wikipedia concerné) ::[[:ar:قالب:مستخدم ar-0]] (arabe), [[:bg:Шаблон:User bg-0]] (bulgare), [[:ca:Template:Babel ca-0]] (catalan), [[:cs:Šablona:User cs-0]] (tchèque), [[:de:Vorlage:User de-0]] (allemand), [[:en:Template:User en-0]] (anglais), [[:es:Plantilla:·Usuarios por idioma (es-0)]] (espagnol), [[:fi:Malline:User fi-0]] (finnois), [[:ga:Múnla:Úsáideoir ga-0]] (irlandais), [[:id:Templat:User id-0]] (indonésien), [[:it:Template:Utente it-0]] (italien), [[:ja:Template:User ja-0]] (japonais), [[:ko:Template:User ko-0]] (coréen), [[:ln:Template:User ln-0]] (lingalá), [[:na:Template:User na-0]] (nauruan), [[:pl:Szablon:User pl-0]] (polonais), [[:pt:Predefinição:User pt-0]] (portugais), [[:qu:Template:Ruwaq:qu-0]] (quechua), [[:ru:Template:User ru-0]] (russe), [[:scn:Template:User scn-0]] (sicilien), [[:sl:Template:User sl-0]] (slovène), [[:sr:Template:User sr-0]] (serbe), [[:sv:Mall:Användare sv-0]] (suédois), [[:uk:Шаблон:User uk-0]] (ukrainien) – ''liste non exhaustive''... {{sommaire langue|af|Afrikaans|afrikaans}} {{sommaire langue|als|Alemannisch|alémanique}} {{sommaire langue|ang|Anglo Saxon|anglo-saxon}} {{sommaire langue|ar|العربية [Arabiiya]|arabe}} {{sommaire langue|ast|Asturianu|asturien}} {{sommaire langue|be|Беларуская [Belaruskaja]|biélorusse}} {{sommaire langue|bg|български [Bulgarski]|bulgare}} {{sommaire langue|bs|Bosanski|bosniaque}} {{sommaire langue|ca|Català|catalan}} {{sommaire langue|co|Corsu|corse}} {{sommaire langue|cs|Český|tchèque}} {{sommaire langue|cy|Cymraeg|gallois}} {{sommaire langue|da|Dansk|danois}} {{sommaire langue|de|Deutsch|allemand}} {{sommaire langue|el|Ελληνικά [Ellinika]|grec moderne}} {{sommaire langue|en|English|anglais}} {{sommaire langue|eo|Esperanto|espéranto}} {{sommaire langue|es|Español|espagnol}} {{sommaire langue|et|Eesti|estonien}} {{sommaire langue|fa|فارسی [Faarsi]|persan}} {{sommaire langue|fi|Suomi|finnois}} {{sommaire langue|fo|Føroyskt|féroïen}} {{sommaire langue|fr|Français|français}} {{sommaire langue|fur|Furlan|frioulan}} {{sommaire langue|fy|Frysk|frison}} {{sommaire langue|ga|Gaeilge|irlandais}} {{sommaire langue|gd|Gàidhlig|écossais}} {{sommaire langue|gl|Galego|galicien}} {{sommaire langue|gal|Galo|gallo}} {{sommaire langue|gu|ગુજરાતી [Gujrâtî]|gujarati}} {{sommaire langue|he|עברית [Ivrit]|hébreu}} {{sommaire langue|hi|हिन्दी [Hindî]|hindi}} {{sommaire langue|hr|Hrvatski|croate}} {{sommaire langue|hu|Magyar|hongrois}} {{sommaire langue|hy|Հայերեն [Haybodon]|arménien}} {{sommaire langue|ia|Interlingua|interlingua}} {{sommaire langue|id|Bahasa Indonesia|indonésien}} {{sommaire langue|io|Ido|ido}} {{sommaire langue|is|Íslenska|islandais}} {{sommaire langue|it|Italiano|italien}} {{sommaire langue|ja|日本語 [Nihongo]|japonais}} {{sommaire langue|jv|Basa Jawa|javanais}} {{sommaire langue|kn|ಕನ್ನಡ [Kannadda]|kannara}} {{sommaire langue|ko|한국어 [Hangugeo]|coréen}} {{sommaire langue|la|Latina|latin}} {{sommaire langue|lb|Lëtzebuergesch|luxembourgeois}} {{sommaire langue|li|Limburgs|limbourgeois}} {{sommaire langue|ln|Lingalá|lingalá}} {{sommaire langue|lt|Lietuvių|lituanien}} {{sommaire langue|lv|Latviešu|letton}} {{sommaire langue|mk|Македонски [Makedonski]|macédonien}} {{sommaire langue|ms|Bahasa Melayu|malais}} {{sommaire langue|nds|Plattdüütsch|bas-allemand}} {{sommaire langue|nl|Nederlands|néerlandais}} {{sommaire langue|nn|Nynorsk|nynorsk}} {{sommaire langue|no|Norsk|norvégien}} {{sommaire langue|os|Ирон [Iron]|ossète}} {{sommaire langue|pl|Polski|polonais}} {{sommaire langue|pt|Português|portugais}} {{sommaire langue|qu|Runa Simi|quechua}} {{sommaire langue|ro|Română|roumain}} {{sommaire langue|ru|Русский [Russkii]|russe}} {{sommaire langue|sa|संस्कृत [Samskrta]|sanskrit}} {{sommaire langue|sc|Sardu|sarde}} {{sommaire langue|scn|Sicilianu|sicilien}} {{sommaire langue|sk|Slovenčina|slovaque}} {{sommaire langue|sl|Slovenščina|slovène}} {{sommaire langue|sq|shqip|albanais}} {{sommaire langue|sr|Српски / Srpski|serbe}} {{sommaire langue|sv|Svenska|suédois}} {{sommaire langue|sw|Kiswahili|swahili}} {{sommaire langue|ta|தமிழ் [Tamilll]|tamoul}} {{sommaire langue|th|ไทย [Thai]|thaï}} {{sommaire langue|tl|Tagalog|tagalog}} {{sommaire langue|tr|Türkçe|turc}} {{sommaire langue|tt|Tatarça|tatar}} {{sommaire langue|uk|Українська [Ukrainska]|ukrainien}} {{sommaire langue|ur|اردو [Urdu]|ourdou}} {{sommaire langue|vi|Tiếng Việt|vietnamien}} {{sommaire langue|wa|Walon|wallon}} {{sommaire langue|yi|ייִדיש [Yidish]|yiddish}} {{sommaire langue|zh|中文 [zhōngwén]|langue chinoise}} {{sommaire langue|zh-min-nan|Bân-lâm-gú|minnan}} [[Catégorie:Wikipédia|Babel]] <!-- Liens interlangues : les interwikis ne sont pas classés, sur le Wikipédia francophone, d'après les préfixes de langue, mais d'après le nom de la langue. S'il vous plaît, ne touchez pas à l'ordre existant. --> <!-- Interlanguage links: interwikis are not ordered, on French Wikipedia, by language codes, but by language names. Please leave the order as it is. --> [[ar:ويكيبيديا:بابل]] [[ast:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Babel]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Babel]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Babylón]] [[de:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[en:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[es:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babel]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Baibéal]] [[ko:위키백과:바벨]] [[id:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[it:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[li:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[ln:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[mi:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[na:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[ja:Wikipedia:バベル]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Wieża Babel]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[ru:Википедия:Вавилон]] [[scn:Wikipedia:Babeli]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Babilon]] [[sr:Википедија:Језичке кутијице]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[uk:Вікіпедія:Вавілон]] 6182 2005-09-07T11:49:14Z Bombo 12 /* Langues */ lingála '''CETTE PAGE EST A TRADUIRE --- vous parlez le lingala? Merci de traduire une partie ou la page entiere en lingala.''' Les '''modèles d'utilisateurs par langue''' permettent de faciliter la communication entre utilisateurs pratiquant différentes langues. Ils ont été développés, à l'origine, sur [[commons:Commons:Babel|Wikimedia Commons]], puis repris dans [[meta:Meta:Babel templates|Meta-Wiki]] puis dans divers Wikipedia et aussi, récemment, dans le Wikinews francophone (« gamme » volontairement limitée aux douze langues actuelles du projet Wikinews). Voir aussi les modèles disponibles sur [[commons:Commons:Babel]] ou sur [[meta:Meta:Babel templates]]. Pour certaines langues, la « gamme » de modèles est encore incomplète : il est également conseillé d'aller voir de temps en temps [[:en:Wikipedia:Babel]] sur le Wikipedia anglophone, dont la « gamme » étendue diffère sensiblement de celles de commons: et meta:. <div style="border: 1px solid #999; padding: 0 0.5em 0 0.5em; margin: 0.5em"> Vous ne parlez pas <span style="color: red">'''lingalá'''</span> ? Voir : [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Français|Français]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#English|English]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Deutsch|Deutsch]] - [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Español|Español]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Italiano|Italiano]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#日本語|日本語]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#한국어|한국어]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Nederlands|Nederlands]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Português|Português]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Slovenščina|Slovenščina]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Serbian/Српски|Serbian/Српски]] - [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Svenska|Svenska]] - [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#中文|中文]] - [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Bân-lâm-gú|Bân-lâm-gú]] </div> __NOTOC__ == Sommaire == <div style="margin: 1em 2em 0 2em; padding: 0.5em; background-color: #f9f9f9; border:1px solid #aaaaaa"> 1. '''[[#Les modèles Babel-x|Les modèles Babel-x]]''' – 2. '''[[#Création de catégories et de modèles pour une langue|Création de catégories et de modèles pour une langue]]''' – 3. '''[[#Langues|Langues]]''' : <div style="margin-left: 2em"> {{accès langue|af|afrikaans}} {{accès langue|als|alémanique}} {{accès langue|ang|anglo-saxon}} {{accès langue|ar|arabe}} {{accès langue|ast|asturien}} {{accès langue|be|biélorusse}} {{accès langue|bg|bulgare}} {{accès langue|bs|bosniaque}} {{accès langue|ca|catalan}} {{accès langue|co|corse}} {{accès langue|cs|tchèque}} {{accès langue|cy|gallois}} {{accès langue|da|danois}} {{accès langue|de|allemand}} {{accès langue|el|grec moderne}} {{accès langue|en|anglais}} {{accès langue|eo|espéranto}} {{accès langue|es|espagnol}} {{accès langue|et|estonien}} {{accès langue|fa|persan}} {{accès langue|fi|finnois}} {{accès langue|fo|féroïen}} {{accès langue|fr|français}} {{accès langue|fur|frioulan}} {{accès langue|fy|frison}} {{accès langue|ga|irlandais}} {{accès langue|gd|écossais}} {{accès langue|gl|galicien}} {{accès langue|gal|gallo}} {{accès langue|gu|gujarati}} {{accès langue|he|hébreu}} {{accès langue|hi|hindi}} {{accès langue|hr|croate}} {{accès langue|hu|hongrois}} {{accès langue|hy|arménien}} {{accès langue|ia|interlingua}} {{accès langue|id|indonésien}} {{accès langue|io|ido}} {{accès langue|is|islandais}} {{accès langue|it|italien}} {{accès langue|ja|japonais}} {{accès langue|jv|javanais}} {{accès langue|kn|kannara}} {{accès langue|ko|coréen}} {{accès langue|la|latin}} {{accès langue|lb|luxembourgeois}} {{accès langue|li|limbourgeois}} {{accès langue|ln|lingalá}} {{accès langue|lt|lituanien}} {{accès langue|lv|letton}} {{accès langue|mk|macédonien}} {{accès langue|ms|malais}} {{accès langue|nd|normand}} {{accès langue|nds|bas-allemand}} {{accès langue|nl|néerlandais}} {{accès langue|nn|nynorsk}} {{accès langue|no|norvégien}} {{accès langue|os|ossète}} {{accès langue|pl|polonais}} {{accès langue|pt|portugais}} {{accès langue|qu|quechua}} {{accès langue|ro|roumain}} {{accès langue|ru|russe}} {{accès langue|sa|sanskrit}} {{accès langue|sc|sarde}} {{accès langue|scn|sicilien}} {{accès langue|sk|slovaque}} {{accès langue|sl|slovène}} {{accès langue|sq|albanais}} {{accès langue|sr|serbe}} {{accès langue|sv|suédois}} {{accès langue|sw|swahili}} {{accès langue|ta|tamoul}} {{accès langue|th|thaï}} {{accès langue|tl|tagalog}} {{accès langue|tr|turc}} {{accès langue|tt|tatar}} {{accès langue|uk|ukrainien}} {{accès langue|ur|ourdou}} {{accès langue|vi|vietnamien}} {{accès langue|wa|wallon}} {{accès langue|yi|yiddish}} {{accès langue|zh|Langue chinoise}} {{accès langue|zh-min-nan|minnan}} </div> </div> == Les modèles Babel-x == Il existe des modèles prédéfinis qui créent un tableau « flottant » à droite de la page où ils sont appelés. Le modèle à appeler est fonction du nombre de langues parlées par l'utilisateur. Par exemple {{m|Babel-1}} pour un utilisateur unilingue, {{m|Babel-2}} pour un utilisateur parlant 2 langues, jusqu'à {{m|Babel-6}} pour un utilisateur parlant 6 langues (encore qu'on puisse créer des modèles supplémentaires en cas de nécessité). Même si cela paraît une évidence, il faut préciser qu'il paraît logique, même si c'est facultatif, qu'un utilisateur liste les langues qu'il pratique dans l'ordre décroissant des connaissances qu'il en a, la ou les langues maternelles en premier, puis les langues moins bien connues... {| | {| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px; text-align: center" |- | '''[[Wikipédia:Babel]]''' |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''fr'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Cette personne a pour '''[[:Category:User fr-M|langue maternelle]]''' le '''[[:Category:User fr|français]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''en-2'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">This user is able to contribute with an '''[[:Category:User en-2|intermediate]]''' level of '''[[:Category:User en|English]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''de-1'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Dieser Benutzer hat '''[[:Category:User de-1|grundlegende]] [[:Category:User de|Deutschkenntnisse]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |} <big>'''Exemple 1 : utilisateur trilingue (incluant le français)'''<big> Un utilisateur parlant trois langues pourra par exemple insérer dans sa page utilisateur (et dans celle-là seulement, surtout pas dans sa page de discussion) le modèle {{m|babel-3}} via la syntaxe <nowiki>{{babel-3|ln|fr-3|en-1}}</nowiki>. L'appel d'un de ces modèles dans une page utilisateur, avec les bons critères (voir ci-dessous), ajoute en outre la catégorie correspondant à chacune des langues. Remarquez que, dans l'illustration ci-contre, les catégories ne sont volontairement pas appelées, afin de ne pas catégoriser inutilement la présente page. |} {| style="margin-top: 1em" | {| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px; text-align: center" |- | '''[[Wikipédia:Babel]]''' |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''en'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">This user is a native '''[[:Category:User en|English speaker]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''pl-3'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Ten użytkownik posługuje się '''[[:Category:User pl|językiem polskim]]''' na poziomie '''[[:Category:User pl-3|zaawansowanym]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #ffb3b3 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#ffe0e8"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#ffb3b3;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''ln-0'''</td> <td style="font-size:0.9em;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Cet utilisateur [[:Category:User ln-0|'''ne comprend pas''']] le '''[[:Category:User ln|lingalá]]''', ou seulement avec des difficultés notables.</td> </tr></table></div> |} <big>'''Exemple 2 : utilisateur bilingue<br />(et précisant sa méconnaissance du lingalá)'''</big> En outre, un utilisateur de wikipédias non francophone – ou qui estime avoir un niveau très insuffisant en français –, par exemple un participant à une autre wikipédia inscrit sur la wikipédia francophone dans le but de faire des liens interlangues vers « sa » wikipédia de prédilection ou vers d'autres, pourra également appeler dans l'un ou l'autre des modèles Babel, un critère fr-0, qui signale sa faible connaissance de la langue française. Remarquer que, dans l'illustration ci-contre, les catégories ne sont volontairement pas appelées, afin de ne pas catégoriser inutilement la présente page. |} == Création de catégories et de modèles pour une langue == Si vous avez besoin de créer des modèles pour une langue : :'''1.''' Créer la catégorie « mère » <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> (liée à la catégorie supérieure [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]), :'''2.''' Créer les quatre catégories « filles » : ::*<nowiki>[[Category:User ??-M]]</nowiki> (langue maternelle) ::*<nowiki>[[Category:User ??-3]]</nowiki> (niveau avancé) ::*<nowiki>[[Category:User ??-2]]</nowiki> (niveau intermédiaire) ::*<nowiki>[[Category:User ??-1]]</nowiki> (niveau de base) ::chacune liée à la catégorie « mère » <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> :'''3.''' Créer les quatre modèles : ::*<nowiki>{{Modèle:User ??}}</nowiki>, lié à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> et à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??-M]]</nowiki> ::*<nowiki>{{Modèle:User ??-3}}</nowiki>, lié à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> et à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??-3]]</nowiki> ::*<nowiki>{{Modèle:User ??-2}}</nowiki>, lié à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> et à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??-2]]</nowiki> ::*<nowiki>{{Modèle:User ??-1}}</nowiki>, lié à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> et à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??-1]]</nowiki> :'''4.''' Créer l'« éventail » des modèles d'une langue dans une sous-page <nowiki>[[Wikipédia:Babel/??]]</nowiki> en saisissant simplement, dans la sous-page, <nowiki>{{éventail langue|??}}</nowiki> ?? = préfixe de la langue :'''5.''' Créer ci-dessous, si elle n'est pas préexistante, la section consacrée à une langue, en utilisant simplement, dans la section « Langues » ci-dessous, le modèle {{m|sommaire langue}}, avec la syntaxe : ::'''<nowiki>{{sommaire langue | préfixe | nom de la langue (dans la langue) | nom de la langue (en français)}}</nowiki>''' :::Exemple : '''<nowiki>{{sommaire langue | en | English | anglais}}</nowiki>''' == Langues == Classées, comme sur la plupart des wikis, par ordre alphabétique du préfixe de la langue. <div style="float:right;border:solid #ffb3b3 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#ffe0e8"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#ffb3b3;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''ln-0'''</td> <td style="font-size:0.9em;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Cette personne [[:Category:User ln-0|'''ne comprend pas''']] le '''[[:Category:User ln|lingála]]''', ou seulement avec des difficultés notables.</td> </tr></table></div> ::modèle et catégorie supplémentaires '''pour ceux qui ne parlent pas le lingála''' (template and category '''for those who do not speak lingalá''') : ::{{m|User ln-0}} – Catégorie associée : [[:Category:User ln-0]] (directement rangée dans [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]) ::Pour information : liste des Wikipedias disposant d'un modèle comparable à {{m|User ln-0}} (et à n'utiliser que sur le Wikipedia concerné) ::[[:ar:قالب:مستخدم ar-0]] (arabe), [[:bg:Шаблон:User bg-0]] (bulgare), [[:ca:Template:Babel ca-0]] (catalan), [[:cs:Šablona:User cs-0]] (tchèque), [[:de:Vorlage:User de-0]] (allemand), [[:en:Template:User en-0]] (anglais), [[:es:Plantilla:·Usuarios por idioma (es-0)]] (espagnol), [[:fi:Malline:User fi-0]] (finnois), [[:ga:Múnla:Úsáideoir ga-0]] (irlandais), [[:id:Templat:User id-0]] (indonésien), [[:it:Template:Utente it-0]] (italien), [[:ja:Template:User ja-0]] (japonais), [[:ko:Template:User ko-0]] (coréen), [[:ln:Template:User ln-0]] (lingalá), [[:na:Template:User na-0]] (nauruan), [[:pl:Szablon:User pl-0]] (polonais), [[:pt:Predefinição:User pt-0]] (portugais), [[:qu:Template:Ruwaq:qu-0]] (quechua), [[:ru:Template:User ru-0]] (russe), [[:scn:Template:User scn-0]] (sicilien), [[:sl:Template:User sl-0]] (slovène), [[:sr:Template:User sr-0]] (serbe), [[:sv:Mall:Användare sv-0]] (suédois), [[:uk:Шаблон:User uk-0]] (ukrainien) – ''liste non exhaustive''... {{sommaire langue|af|Afrikaans|afrikaans}} {{sommaire langue|als|Alemannisch|alémanique}} {{sommaire langue|ang|Anglo Saxon|anglo-saxon}} {{sommaire langue|ar|العربية [Arabiiya]|arabe}} {{sommaire langue|ast|Asturianu|asturien}} {{sommaire langue|be|Беларуская [Belaruskaja]|biélorusse}} {{sommaire langue|bg|български [Bulgarski]|bulgare}} {{sommaire langue|bs|Bosanski|bosniaque}} {{sommaire langue|ca|Català|catalan}} {{sommaire langue|co|Corsu|corse}} {{sommaire langue|cs|Český|tchèque}} {{sommaire langue|cy|Cymraeg|gallois}} {{sommaire langue|da|Dansk|danois}} {{sommaire langue|de|Deutsch|allemand}} {{sommaire langue|el|Ελληνικά [Ellinika]|grec moderne}} {{sommaire langue|en|English|anglais}} {{sommaire langue|eo|Esperanto|espéranto}} {{sommaire langue|es|Español|espagnol}} {{sommaire langue|et|Eesti|estonien}} {{sommaire langue|fa|فارسی [Faarsi]|persan}} {{sommaire langue|fi|Suomi|finnois}} {{sommaire langue|fo|Føroyskt|féroïen}} {{sommaire langue|fr|Français|français}} {{sommaire langue|fur|Furlan|frioulan}} {{sommaire langue|fy|Frysk|frison}} {{sommaire langue|ga|Gaeilge|irlandais}} {{sommaire langue|gd|Gàidhlig|écossais}} {{sommaire langue|gl|Galego|galicien}} {{sommaire langue|gal|Galo|gallo}} {{sommaire langue|gu|ગુજરાતી [Gujrâtî]|gujarati}} {{sommaire langue|he|עברית [Ivrit]|hébreu}} {{sommaire langue|hi|हिन्दी [Hindî]|hindi}} {{sommaire langue|hr|Hrvatski|croate}} {{sommaire langue|hu|Magyar|hongrois}} {{sommaire langue|hy|Հայերեն [Haybodon]|arménien}} {{sommaire langue|ia|Interlingua|interlingua}} {{sommaire langue|id|Bahasa Indonesia|indonésien}} {{sommaire langue|io|Ido|ido}} {{sommaire langue|is|Íslenska|islandais}} {{sommaire langue|it|Italiano|italien}} {{sommaire langue|ja|日本語 [Nihongo]|japonais}} {{sommaire langue|jv|Basa Jawa|javanais}} {{sommaire langue|kn|ಕನ್ನಡ [Kannadda]|kannara}} {{sommaire langue|ko|한국어 [Hangugeo]|coréen}} {{sommaire langue|la|Latina|latin}} {{sommaire langue|lb|Lëtzebuergesch|luxembourgeois}} {{sommaire langue|li|Limburgs|limbourgeois}} {{sommaire langue|ln|Lingalá|lingalá}} {{sommaire langue|lt|Lietuvių|lituanien}} {{sommaire langue|lv|Latviešu|letton}} {{sommaire langue|mk|Македонски [Makedonski]|macédonien}} {{sommaire langue|ms|Bahasa Melayu|malais}} {{sommaire langue|nds|Plattdüütsch|bas-allemand}} {{sommaire langue|nl|Nederlands|néerlandais}} {{sommaire langue|nn|Nynorsk|nynorsk}} {{sommaire langue|no|Norsk|norvégien}} {{sommaire langue|os|Ирон [Iron]|ossète}} {{sommaire langue|pl|Polski|polonais}} {{sommaire langue|pt|Português|portugais}} {{sommaire langue|qu|Runa Simi|quechua}} {{sommaire langue|ro|Română|roumain}} {{sommaire langue|ru|Русский [Russkii]|russe}} {{sommaire langue|sa|संस्कृत [Samskrta]|sanskrit}} {{sommaire langue|sc|Sardu|sarde}} {{sommaire langue|scn|Sicilianu|sicilien}} {{sommaire langue|sk|Slovenčina|slovaque}} {{sommaire langue|sl|Slovenščina|slovène}} {{sommaire langue|sq|shqip|albanais}} {{sommaire langue|sr|Српски / Srpski|serbe}} {{sommaire langue|sv|Svenska|suédois}} {{sommaire langue|sw|Kiswahili|swahili}} {{sommaire langue|ta|தமிழ் [Tamilll]|tamoul}} {{sommaire langue|th|ไทย [Thai]|thaï}} {{sommaire langue|tl|Tagalog|tagalog}} {{sommaire langue|tr|Türkçe|turc}} {{sommaire langue|tt|Tatarça|tatar}} {{sommaire langue|uk|Українська [Ukrainska]|ukrainien}} {{sommaire langue|ur|اردو [Urdu]|ourdou}} {{sommaire langue|vi|Tiếng Việt|vietnamien}} {{sommaire langue|wa|Walon|wallon}} {{sommaire langue|yi|ייִדיש [Yidish]|yiddish}} {{sommaire langue|zh|中文 [zhōngwén]|langue chinoise}} {{sommaire langue|zh-min-nan|Bân-lâm-gú|minnan}} [[Catégorie:Wikipédia|Babel]] <!-- Liens interlangues : les interwikis ne sont pas classés, sur le Wikipédia francophone, d'après les préfixes de langue, mais d'après le nom de la langue. S'il vous plaît, ne touchez pas à l'ordre existant. --> <!-- Interlanguage links: interwikis are not ordered, on French Wikipedia, by language codes, but by language names. Please leave the order as it is. --> [[ar:ويكيبيديا:بابل]] [[ast:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Babel]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Babel]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Babylón]] [[de:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[en:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[es:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babel]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Baibéal]] [[ko:위키백과:바벨]] [[id:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[it:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[li:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[ln:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[mi:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[na:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[ja:Wikipedia:バベル]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Wieża Babel]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[ru:Википедия:Вавилон]] [[scn:Wikipedia:Babeli]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Babilon]] [[sr:Википедија:Језичке кутијице]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[uk:Вікіпедія:Вавілон]] 6669 2005-11-05T04:23:11Z Blockinblox 38 Wikipédia:Babel moved to Wikipedia:Babel '''CETTE PAGE EST A TRADUIRE --- vous parlez le lingala? Merci de traduire une partie ou la page entiere en lingala.''' Les '''modèles d'utilisateurs par langue''' permettent de faciliter la communication entre utilisateurs pratiquant différentes langues. Ils ont été développés, à l'origine, sur [[commons:Commons:Babel|Wikimedia Commons]], puis repris dans [[meta:Meta:Babel templates|Meta-Wiki]] puis dans divers Wikipedia et aussi, récemment, dans le Wikinews francophone (« gamme » volontairement limitée aux douze langues actuelles du projet Wikinews). Voir aussi les modèles disponibles sur [[commons:Commons:Babel]] ou sur [[meta:Meta:Babel templates]]. Pour certaines langues, la « gamme » de modèles est encore incomplète : il est également conseillé d'aller voir de temps en temps [[:en:Wikipedia:Babel]] sur le Wikipedia anglophone, dont la « gamme » étendue diffère sensiblement de celles de commons: et meta:. <div style="border: 1px solid #999; padding: 0 0.5em 0 0.5em; margin: 0.5em"> Vous ne parlez pas <span style="color: red">'''lingalá'''</span> ? Voir : [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Français|Français]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#English|English]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Deutsch|Deutsch]] - [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Español|Español]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Italiano|Italiano]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#日本語|日本語]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#한국어|한국어]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Nederlands|Nederlands]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Português|Português]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Slovenščina|Slovenščina]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Serbian/Српски|Serbian/Српски]] - [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Svenska|Svenska]] - [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#中文|中文]] - [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Bân-lâm-gú|Bân-lâm-gú]] </div> __NOTOC__ == Sommaire == <div style="margin: 1em 2em 0 2em; padding: 0.5em; background-color: #f9f9f9; border:1px solid #aaaaaa"> 1. '''[[#Les modèles Babel-x|Les modèles Babel-x]]''' – 2. '''[[#Création de catégories et de modèles pour une langue|Création de catégories et de modèles pour une langue]]''' – 3. '''[[#Langues|Langues]]''' : <div style="margin-left: 2em"> {{accès langue|af|afrikaans}} {{accès langue|als|alémanique}} {{accès langue|ang|anglo-saxon}} {{accès langue|ar|arabe}} {{accès langue|ast|asturien}} {{accès langue|be|biélorusse}} {{accès langue|bg|bulgare}} {{accès langue|bs|bosniaque}} {{accès langue|ca|catalan}} {{accès langue|co|corse}} {{accès langue|cs|tchèque}} {{accès langue|cy|gallois}} {{accès langue|da|danois}} {{accès langue|de|allemand}} {{accès langue|el|grec moderne}} {{accès langue|en|anglais}} {{accès langue|eo|espéranto}} {{accès langue|es|espagnol}} {{accès langue|et|estonien}} {{accès langue|fa|persan}} {{accès langue|fi|finnois}} {{accès langue|fo|féroïen}} {{accès langue|fr|français}} {{accès langue|fur|frioulan}} {{accès langue|fy|frison}} {{accès langue|ga|irlandais}} {{accès langue|gd|écossais}} {{accès langue|gl|galicien}} {{accès langue|gal|gallo}} {{accès langue|gu|gujarati}} {{accès langue|he|hébreu}} {{accès langue|hi|hindi}} {{accès langue|hr|croate}} {{accès langue|hu|hongrois}} {{accès langue|hy|arménien}} {{accès langue|ia|interlingua}} {{accès langue|id|indonésien}} {{accès langue|io|ido}} {{accès langue|is|islandais}} {{accès langue|it|italien}} {{accès langue|ja|japonais}} {{accès langue|jv|javanais}} {{accès langue|kn|kannara}} {{accès langue|ko|coréen}} {{accès langue|la|latin}} {{accès langue|lb|luxembourgeois}} {{accès langue|li|limbourgeois}} {{accès langue|ln|lingalá}} {{accès langue|lt|lituanien}} {{accès langue|lv|letton}} {{accès langue|mk|macédonien}} {{accès langue|ms|malais}} {{accès langue|nd|normand}} {{accès langue|nds|bas-allemand}} {{accès langue|nl|néerlandais}} {{accès langue|nn|nynorsk}} {{accès langue|no|norvégien}} {{accès langue|os|ossète}} {{accès langue|pl|polonais}} {{accès langue|pt|portugais}} {{accès langue|qu|quechua}} {{accès langue|ro|roumain}} {{accès langue|ru|russe}} {{accès langue|sa|sanskrit}} {{accès langue|sc|sarde}} {{accès langue|scn|sicilien}} {{accès langue|sk|slovaque}} {{accès langue|sl|slovène}} {{accès langue|sq|albanais}} {{accès langue|sr|serbe}} {{accès langue|sv|suédois}} {{accès langue|sw|swahili}} {{accès langue|ta|tamoul}} {{accès langue|th|thaï}} {{accès langue|tl|tagalog}} {{accès langue|tr|turc}} {{accès langue|tt|tatar}} {{accès langue|uk|ukrainien}} {{accès langue|ur|ourdou}} {{accès langue|vi|vietnamien}} {{accès langue|wa|wallon}} {{accès langue|yi|yiddish}} {{accès langue|zh|Langue chinoise}} {{accès langue|zh-min-nan|minnan}} </div> </div> == Les modèles Babel-x == Il existe des modèles prédéfinis qui créent un tableau « flottant » à droite de la page où ils sont appelés. Le modèle à appeler est fonction du nombre de langues parlées par l'utilisateur. Par exemple {{m|Babel-1}} pour un utilisateur unilingue, {{m|Babel-2}} pour un utilisateur parlant 2 langues, jusqu'à {{m|Babel-6}} pour un utilisateur parlant 6 langues (encore qu'on puisse créer des modèles supplémentaires en cas de nécessité). Même si cela paraît une évidence, il faut préciser qu'il paraît logique, même si c'est facultatif, qu'un utilisateur liste les langues qu'il pratique dans l'ordre décroissant des connaissances qu'il en a, la ou les langues maternelles en premier, puis les langues moins bien connues... {| | {| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px; text-align: center" |- | '''[[Wikipédia:Babel]]''' |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''fr'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Cette personne a pour '''[[:Category:User fr-M|langue maternelle]]''' le '''[[:Category:User fr|français]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''en-2'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">This user is able to contribute with an '''[[:Category:User en-2|intermediate]]''' level of '''[[:Category:User en|English]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''de-1'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Dieser Benutzer hat '''[[:Category:User de-1|grundlegende]] [[:Category:User de|Deutschkenntnisse]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |} <big>'''Exemple 1 : utilisateur trilingue (incluant le français)'''<big> Un utilisateur parlant trois langues pourra par exemple insérer dans sa page utilisateur (et dans celle-là seulement, surtout pas dans sa page de discussion) le modèle {{m|babel-3}} via la syntaxe <nowiki>{{babel-3|ln|fr-3|en-1}}</nowiki>. L'appel d'un de ces modèles dans une page utilisateur, avec les bons critères (voir ci-dessous), ajoute en outre la catégorie correspondant à chacune des langues. Remarquez que, dans l'illustration ci-contre, les catégories ne sont volontairement pas appelées, afin de ne pas catégoriser inutilement la présente page. |} {| style="margin-top: 1em" | {| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px; text-align: center" |- | '''[[Wikipédia:Babel]]''' |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''en'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">This user is a native '''[[:Category:User en|English speaker]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''pl-3'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Ten użytkownik posługuje się '''[[:Category:User pl|językiem polskim]]''' na poziomie '''[[:Category:User pl-3|zaawansowanym]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #ffb3b3 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#ffe0e8"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#ffb3b3;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''ln-0'''</td> <td style="font-size:0.9em;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Cet utilisateur [[:Category:User ln-0|'''ne comprend pas''']] le '''[[:Category:User ln|lingalá]]''', ou seulement avec des difficultés notables.</td> </tr></table></div> |} <big>'''Exemple 2 : utilisateur bilingue<br />(et précisant sa méconnaissance du lingalá)'''</big> En outre, un utilisateur de wikipédias non francophone – ou qui estime avoir un niveau très insuffisant en français –, par exemple un participant à une autre wikipédia inscrit sur la wikipédia francophone dans le but de faire des liens interlangues vers « sa » wikipédia de prédilection ou vers d'autres, pourra également appeler dans l'un ou l'autre des modèles Babel, un critère fr-0, qui signale sa faible connaissance de la langue française. Remarquer que, dans l'illustration ci-contre, les catégories ne sont volontairement pas appelées, afin de ne pas catégoriser inutilement la présente page. |} == Création de catégories et de modèles pour une langue == Si vous avez besoin de créer des modèles pour une langue : :'''1.''' Créer la catégorie « mère » <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> (liée à la catégorie supérieure [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]), :'''2.''' Créer les quatre catégories « filles » : ::*<nowiki>[[Category:User ??-M]]</nowiki> (langue maternelle) ::*<nowiki>[[Category:User ??-3]]</nowiki> (niveau avancé) ::*<nowiki>[[Category:User ??-2]]</nowiki> (niveau intermédiaire) ::*<nowiki>[[Category:User ??-1]]</nowiki> (niveau de base) ::chacune liée à la catégorie « mère » <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> :'''3.''' Créer les quatre modèles : ::*<nowiki>{{Modèle:User ??}}</nowiki>, lié à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> et à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??-M]]</nowiki> ::*<nowiki>{{Modèle:User ??-3}}</nowiki>, lié à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> et à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??-3]]</nowiki> ::*<nowiki>{{Modèle:User ??-2}}</nowiki>, lié à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> et à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??-2]]</nowiki> ::*<nowiki>{{Modèle:User ??-1}}</nowiki>, lié à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> et à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??-1]]</nowiki> :'''4.''' Créer l'« éventail » des modèles d'une langue dans une sous-page <nowiki>[[Wikipédia:Babel/??]]</nowiki> en saisissant simplement, dans la sous-page, <nowiki>{{éventail langue|??}}</nowiki> ?? = préfixe de la langue :'''5.''' Créer ci-dessous, si elle n'est pas préexistante, la section consacrée à une langue, en utilisant simplement, dans la section « Langues » ci-dessous, le modèle {{m|sommaire langue}}, avec la syntaxe : ::'''<nowiki>{{sommaire langue | préfixe | nom de la langue (dans la langue) | nom de la langue (en français)}}</nowiki>''' :::Exemple : '''<nowiki>{{sommaire langue | en | English | anglais}}</nowiki>''' == Langues == Classées, comme sur la plupart des wikis, par ordre alphabétique du préfixe de la langue. <div style="float:right;border:solid #ffb3b3 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#ffe0e8"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#ffb3b3;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''ln-0'''</td> <td style="font-size:0.9em;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Cette personne [[:Category:User ln-0|'''ne comprend pas''']] le '''[[:Category:User ln|lingála]]''', ou seulement avec des difficultés notables.</td> </tr></table></div> ::modèle et catégorie supplémentaires '''pour ceux qui ne parlent pas le lingála''' (template and category '''for those who do not speak lingalá''') : ::{{m|User ln-0}} – Catégorie associée : [[:Category:User ln-0]] (directement rangée dans [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]) ::Pour information : liste des Wikipedias disposant d'un modèle comparable à {{m|User ln-0}} (et à n'utiliser que sur le Wikipedia concerné) ::[[:ar:قالب:مستخدم ar-0]] (arabe), [[:bg:Шаблон:User bg-0]] (bulgare), [[:ca:Template:Babel ca-0]] (catalan), [[:cs:Šablona:User cs-0]] (tchèque), [[:de:Vorlage:User de-0]] (allemand), [[:en:Template:User en-0]] (anglais), [[:es:Plantilla:·Usuarios por idioma (es-0)]] (espagnol), [[:fi:Malline:User fi-0]] (finnois), [[:ga:Múnla:Úsáideoir ga-0]] (irlandais), [[:id:Templat:User id-0]] (indonésien), [[:it:Template:Utente it-0]] (italien), [[:ja:Template:User ja-0]] (japonais), [[:ko:Template:User ko-0]] (coréen), [[:ln:Template:User ln-0]] (lingalá), [[:na:Template:User na-0]] (nauruan), [[:pl:Szablon:User pl-0]] (polonais), [[:pt:Predefinição:User pt-0]] (portugais), [[:qu:Template:Ruwaq:qu-0]] (quechua), [[:ru:Template:User ru-0]] (russe), [[:scn:Template:User scn-0]] (sicilien), [[:sl:Template:User sl-0]] (slovène), [[:sr:Template:User sr-0]] (serbe), [[:sv:Mall:Användare sv-0]] (suédois), [[:uk:Шаблон:User uk-0]] (ukrainien) – ''liste non exhaustive''... {{sommaire langue|af|Afrikaans|afrikaans}} {{sommaire langue|als|Alemannisch|alémanique}} {{sommaire langue|ang|Anglo Saxon|anglo-saxon}} {{sommaire langue|ar|العربية [Arabiiya]|arabe}} {{sommaire langue|ast|Asturianu|asturien}} {{sommaire langue|be|Беларуская [Belaruskaja]|biélorusse}} {{sommaire langue|bg|български [Bulgarski]|bulgare}} {{sommaire langue|bs|Bosanski|bosniaque}} {{sommaire langue|ca|Català|catalan}} {{sommaire langue|co|Corsu|corse}} {{sommaire langue|cs|Český|tchèque}} {{sommaire langue|cy|Cymraeg|gallois}} {{sommaire langue|da|Dansk|danois}} {{sommaire langue|de|Deutsch|allemand}} {{sommaire langue|el|Ελληνικά [Ellinika]|grec moderne}} {{sommaire langue|en|English|anglais}} {{sommaire langue|eo|Esperanto|espéranto}} {{sommaire langue|es|Español|espagnol}} {{sommaire langue|et|Eesti|estonien}} {{sommaire langue|fa|فارسی [Faarsi]|persan}} {{sommaire langue|fi|Suomi|finnois}} {{sommaire langue|fo|Føroyskt|féroïen}} {{sommaire langue|fr|Français|français}} {{sommaire langue|fur|Furlan|frioulan}} {{sommaire langue|fy|Frysk|frison}} {{sommaire langue|ga|Gaeilge|irlandais}} {{sommaire langue|gd|Gàidhlig|écossais}} {{sommaire langue|gl|Galego|galicien}} {{sommaire langue|gal|Galo|gallo}} {{sommaire langue|gu|ગુજરાતી [Gujrâtî]|gujarati}} {{sommaire langue|he|עברית [Ivrit]|hébreu}} {{sommaire langue|hi|हिन्दी [Hindî]|hindi}} {{sommaire langue|hr|Hrvatski|croate}} {{sommaire langue|hu|Magyar|hongrois}} {{sommaire langue|hy|Հայերեն [Haybodon]|arménien}} {{sommaire langue|ia|Interlingua|interlingua}} {{sommaire langue|id|Bahasa Indonesia|indonésien}} {{sommaire langue|io|Ido|ido}} {{sommaire langue|is|Íslenska|islandais}} {{sommaire langue|it|Italiano|italien}} {{sommaire langue|ja|日本語 [Nihongo]|japonais}} {{sommaire langue|jv|Basa Jawa|javanais}} {{sommaire langue|kn|ಕನ್ನಡ [Kannadda]|kannara}} {{sommaire langue|ko|한국어 [Hangugeo]|coréen}} {{sommaire langue|la|Latina|latin}} {{sommaire langue|lb|Lëtzebuergesch|luxembourgeois}} {{sommaire langue|li|Limburgs|limbourgeois}} {{sommaire langue|ln|Lingalá|lingalá}} {{sommaire langue|lt|Lietuvių|lituanien}} {{sommaire langue|lv|Latviešu|letton}} {{sommaire langue|mk|Македонски [Makedonski]|macédonien}} {{sommaire langue|ms|Bahasa Melayu|malais}} {{sommaire langue|nds|Plattdüütsch|bas-allemand}} {{sommaire langue|nl|Nederlands|néerlandais}} {{sommaire langue|nn|Nynorsk|nynorsk}} {{sommaire langue|no|Norsk|norvégien}} {{sommaire langue|os|Ирон [Iron]|ossète}} {{sommaire langue|pl|Polski|polonais}} {{sommaire langue|pt|Português|portugais}} {{sommaire langue|qu|Runa Simi|quechua}} {{sommaire langue|ro|Română|roumain}} {{sommaire langue|ru|Русский [Russkii]|russe}} {{sommaire langue|sa|संस्कृत [Samskrta]|sanskrit}} {{sommaire langue|sc|Sardu|sarde}} {{sommaire langue|scn|Sicilianu|sicilien}} {{sommaire langue|sk|Slovenčina|slovaque}} {{sommaire langue|sl|Slovenščina|slovène}} {{sommaire langue|sq|shqip|albanais}} {{sommaire langue|sr|Српски / Srpski|serbe}} {{sommaire langue|sv|Svenska|suédois}} {{sommaire langue|sw|Kiswahili|swahili}} {{sommaire langue|ta|தமிழ் [Tamilll]|tamoul}} {{sommaire langue|th|ไทย [Thai]|thaï}} {{sommaire langue|tl|Tagalog|tagalog}} {{sommaire langue|tr|Türkçe|turc}} {{sommaire langue|tt|Tatarça|tatar}} {{sommaire langue|uk|Українська [Ukrainska]|ukrainien}} {{sommaire langue|ur|اردو [Urdu]|ourdou}} {{sommaire langue|vi|Tiếng Việt|vietnamien}} {{sommaire langue|wa|Walon|wallon}} {{sommaire langue|yi|ייִדיש [Yidish]|yiddish}} {{sommaire langue|zh|中文 [zhōngwén]|langue chinoise}} {{sommaire langue|zh-min-nan|Bân-lâm-gú|minnan}} [[Catégorie:Wikipédia|Babel]] <!-- Liens interlangues : les interwikis ne sont pas classés, sur le Wikipédia francophone, d'après les préfixes de langue, mais d'après le nom de la langue. S'il vous plaît, ne touchez pas à l'ordre existant. --> <!-- Interlanguage links: interwikis are not ordered, on French Wikipedia, by language codes, but by language names. Please leave the order as it is. --> [[ar:ويكيبيديا:بابل]] [[ast:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Babel]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Babel]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Babylón]] [[de:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[en:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[es:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babel]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Baibéal]] [[ko:위키백과:바벨]] [[id:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[it:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[li:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[ln:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[mi:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[na:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[ja:Wikipedia:バベル]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Wieża Babel]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[ru:Википедия:Вавилон]] [[scn:Wikipedia:Babeli]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Babilon]] [[sr:Википедија:Језичке кутијице]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[uk:Вікіпедія:Вавілон]] 7168 2005-12-03T23:14:45Z Moyogo 11 '''CETTE PAGE EST A TRADUIRE --- vous parlez le lingala? Merci de traduire une partie ou la page entiere en lingala.''' Les '''modèles d'utilisateurs par langue''' permettent de faciliter la communication entre utilisateurs pratiquant différentes langues. Ils ont été développés, à l'origine, sur [[commons:Commons:Babel|Wikimedia Commons]], puis repris dans [[meta:Meta:Babel templates|Meta-Wiki]] puis dans divers Wikipedia et aussi, récemment, dans le Wikinews francophone (« gamme » volontairement limitée aux douze langues actuelles du projet Wikinews). Voir aussi les modèles disponibles sur [[commons:Commons:Babel]] ou sur [[meta:Meta:Babel templates]]. Pour certaines langues, la « gamme » de modèles est encore incomplète : il est également conseillé d'aller voir de temps en temps [[:en:Wikipedia:Babel]] sur le Wikipedia anglophone, dont la « gamme » étendue diffère sensiblement de celles de commons: et meta:. <div style="border: 1px solid #999; padding: 0 0.5em 0 0.5em; margin: 0.5em"> Vous ne parlez pas <span style="color: red">'''lingalá'''</span> ? Voir : [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Français|Français]] – [[Wikipedia:Babel/fr-0#English|English]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Deutsch|Deutsch]] - [[Wikipedia:Babel/fr-0#Español|Español]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Italiano|Italiano]] – [[Wikipedia:Babel/fr-0#日本語|日本語]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#한국어|한국어]] – [[Wikipedia:Babel/fr-0#Nederlands|Nederlands]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Português|Português]] – [[Wikipedia:Babel/fr-0#Slovenščina|Slovenščina]] – [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#Serbian/Српски|Serbian/Српски]] - [[Wikipedia:Babel/fr-0#Svenska|Svenska]] - [[Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0#中文|中文]] - [[Wikipedia:Babel/fr-0#Bân-lâm-gú|Bân-lâm-gú]] </div> __NOTOC__ == Sommaire == <div style="margin: 1em 2em 0 2em; padding: 0.5em; background-color: #f9f9f9; border:1px solid #aaaaaa"> 1. '''[[#Les modèles Babel-x|Les modèles Babel-x]]''' – 2. '''[[#Création de catégories et de modèles pour une langue|Création de catégories et de modèles pour une langue]]''' – 3. '''[[#Langues|Langues]]''' : <div style="margin-left: 2em"> {{accès langue|af|afrikaans}} {{accès langue|als|alémanique}} {{accès langue|ang|anglo-saxon}} {{accès langue|ar|arabe}} {{accès langue|ast|asturien}} {{accès langue|be|biélorusse}} {{accès langue|bg|bulgare}} {{accès langue|bs|bosniaque}} {{accès langue|ca|catalan}} {{accès langue|co|corse}} {{accès langue|cs|tchèque}} {{accès langue|cy|gallois}} {{accès langue|da|danois}} {{accès langue|de|allemand}} {{accès langue|el|grec moderne}} {{accès langue|en|anglais}} {{accès langue|eo|espéranto}} {{accès langue|es|espagnol}} {{accès langue|et|estonien}} {{accès langue|fa|persan}} {{accès langue|fi|finnois}} {{accès langue|fo|féroïen}} {{accès langue|fr|français}} {{accès langue|fur|frioulan}} {{accès langue|fy|frison}} {{accès langue|ga|irlandais}} {{accès langue|gd|écossais}} {{accès langue|gl|galicien}} {{accès langue|gal|gallo}} {{accès langue|gu|gujarati}} {{accès langue|he|hébreu}} {{accès langue|hi|hindi}} {{accès langue|hr|croate}} {{accès langue|hu|hongrois}} {{accès langue|hy|arménien}} {{accès langue|ia|interlingua}} {{accès langue|id|indonésien}} {{accès langue|io|ido}} {{accès langue|is|islandais}} {{accès langue|it|italien}} {{accès langue|ja|japonais}} {{accès langue|jv|javanais}} {{accès langue|kn|kannara}} {{accès langue|ko|coréen}} {{accès langue|la|latin}} {{accès langue|lb|luxembourgeois}} {{accès langue|li|limbourgeois}} {{accès langue|ln|lingalá}} {{accès langue|lt|lituanien}} {{accès langue|lv|letton}} {{accès langue|mk|macédonien}} {{accès langue|ms|malais}} {{accès langue|nd|normand}} {{accès langue|nds|bas-allemand}} {{accès langue|nl|néerlandais}} {{accès langue|nn|nynorsk}} {{accès langue|no|norvégien}} {{accès langue|os|ossète}} {{accès langue|pl|polonais}} {{accès langue|pt|portugais}} {{accès langue|qu|quechua}} {{accès langue|ro|roumain}} {{accès langue|ru|russe}} {{accès langue|sa|sanskrit}} {{accès langue|sc|sarde}} {{accès langue|scn|sicilien}} {{accès langue|sk|slovaque}} {{accès langue|sl|slovène}} {{accès langue|sq|albanais}} {{accès langue|sr|serbe}} {{accès langue|sv|suédois}} {{accès langue|sw|swahili}} {{accès langue|ta|tamoul}} {{accès langue|th|thaï}} {{accès langue|tl|tagalog}} {{accès langue|tr|turc}} {{accès langue|tt|tatar}} {{accès langue|uk|ukrainien}} {{accès langue|ur|ourdou}} {{accès langue|vi|vietnamien}} {{accès langue|wa|wallon}} {{accès langue|yi|yiddish}} {{accès langue|zh|Langue chinoise}} {{accès langue|zh-min-nan|minnan}} </div> </div> == Les modèles Babel-x == Il existe des modèles prédéfinis qui créent un tableau « flottant » à droite de la page où ils sont appelés. Le modèle à appeler est fonction du nombre de langues parlées par l'utilisateur. Par exemple {{m|Babel-1}} pour un utilisateur unilingue, {{m|Babel-2}} pour un utilisateur parlant 2 langues, jusqu'à {{m|Babel-6}} pour un utilisateur parlant 6 langues (encore qu'on puisse créer des modèles supplémentaires en cas de nécessité). Même si cela paraît une évidence, il faut préciser qu'il paraît logique, même si c'est facultatif, qu'un utilisateur liste les langues qu'il pratique dans l'ordre décroissant des connaissances qu'il en a, la ou les langues maternelles en premier, puis les langues moins bien connues... {| | {| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px; text-align: center" |- | '''[[Wikipedia:Babel]]''' |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''fr'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Cette personne a pour '''[[:Category:User fr-M|langue maternelle]]''' le '''[[:Category:User fr|français]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''en-2'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">This user is able to contribute with an '''[[:Category:User en-2|intermediate]]''' level of '''[[:Category:User en|English]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''de-1'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Dieser Benutzer hat '''[[:Category:User de-1|grundlegende]] [[:Category:User de|Deutschkenntnisse]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |} <big>'''Exemple 1 : utilisateur trilingue (incluant le français)'''<big> Un utilisateur parlant trois langues pourra par exemple insérer dans sa page utilisateur (et dans celle-là seulement, surtout pas dans sa page de discussion) le modèle {{m|babel-3}} via la syntaxe <nowiki>{{babel-3|ln|fr-3|en-1}}</nowiki>. L'appel d'un de ces modèles dans une page utilisateur, avec les bons critères (voir ci-dessous), ajoute en outre la catégorie correspondant à chacune des langues. Remarquez que, dans l'illustration ci-contre, les catégories ne sont volontairement pas appelées, afin de ne pas catégoriser inutilement la présente page. |} {| style="margin-top: 1em" | {| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px; text-align: center" |- | '''[[Wikipedia:Babel]]''' |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''en'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">This user is a native '''[[:Category:User en|English speaker]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''pl-3'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Ten użytkownik posługuje się '''[[:Category:User pl|językiem polskim]]''' na poziomie '''[[:Category:User pl-3|zaawansowanym]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #ffb3b3 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#ffe0e8"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#ffb3b3;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''ln-0'''</td> <td style="font-size:0.9em;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Cet utilisateur [[:Category:User ln-0|'''ne comprend pas''']] le '''[[:Category:User ln|lingalá]]''', ou seulement avec des difficultés notables.</td> </tr></table></div> |} <big>'''Exemple 2 : utilisateur bilingue<br />(et précisant sa méconnaissance du lingalá)'''</big> En outre, un utilisateur de wikipédias non francophone – ou qui estime avoir un niveau très insuffisant en français –, par exemple un participant à une autre wikipédia inscrit sur la wikipédia francophone dans le but de faire des liens interlangues vers « sa » wikipédia de prédilection ou vers d'autres, pourra également appeler dans l'un ou l'autre des modèles Babel, un critère fr-0, qui signale sa faible connaissance de la langue française. Remarquer que, dans l'illustration ci-contre, les catégories ne sont volontairement pas appelées, afin de ne pas catégoriser inutilement la présente page. |} == Création de catégories et de modèles pour une langue == Si vous avez besoin de créer des modèles pour une langue : :'''1.''' Créer la catégorie « mère » <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> (liée à la catégorie supérieure [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]), :'''2.''' Créer les quatre catégories « filles » : ::*<nowiki>[[Category:User ??-M]]</nowiki> (langue maternelle) ::*<nowiki>[[Category:User ??-3]]</nowiki> (niveau avancé) ::*<nowiki>[[Category:User ??-2]]</nowiki> (niveau intermédiaire) ::*<nowiki>[[Category:User ??-1]]</nowiki> (niveau de base) ::chacune liée à la catégorie « mère » <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> :'''3.''' Créer les quatre modèles : ::*<nowiki>{{Modèle:User ??}}</nowiki>, lié à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> et à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??-M]]</nowiki> ::*<nowiki>{{Modèle:User ??-3}}</nowiki>, lié à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> et à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??-3]]</nowiki> ::*<nowiki>{{Modèle:User ??-2}}</nowiki>, lié à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> et à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??-2]]</nowiki> ::*<nowiki>{{Modèle:User ??-1}}</nowiki>, lié à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> et à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??-1]]</nowiki> :'''4.''' Créer l'« éventail » des modèles d'une langue dans une sous-page <nowiki>[[Wikipédia:Babel/??]]</nowiki> en saisissant simplement, dans la sous-page, <nowiki>{{éventail langue|??}}</nowiki> ?? = préfixe de la langue :'''5.''' Créer ci-dessous, si elle n'est pas préexistante, la section consacrée à une langue, en utilisant simplement, dans la section « Langues » ci-dessous, le modèle {{m|sommaire langue}}, avec la syntaxe : ::'''<nowiki>{{sommaire langue | préfixe | nom de la langue (dans la langue) | nom de la langue (en français)}}</nowiki>''' :::Exemple : '''<nowiki>{{sommaire langue | en | English | anglais}}</nowiki>''' == Langues == Classées, comme sur la plupart des wikis, par ordre alphabétique du préfixe de la langue. <div style="float:right;border:solid #ffb3b3 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#ffe0e8"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#ffb3b3;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''ln-0'''</td> <td style="font-size:0.9em;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Cette personne [[:Category:User ln-0|'''ne comprend pas''']] le '''[[:Category:User ln|lingála]]''', ou seulement avec des difficultés notables.</td> </tr></table></div> ::modèle et catégorie supplémentaires '''pour ceux qui ne parlent pas le lingála''' (template and category '''for those who do not speak lingalá''') : ::{{m|User ln-0}} – Catégorie associée : [[:Category:User ln-0]] (directement rangée dans [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]) ::Pour information : liste des Wikipedias disposant d'un modèle comparable à {{m|User ln-0}} (et à n'utiliser que sur le Wikipedia concerné) ::[[:ar:قالب:مستخدم ar-0]] (arabe), [[:bg:Шаблон:User bg-0]] (bulgare), [[:ca:Template:Babel ca-0]] (catalan), [[:cs:Šablona:User cs-0]] (tchèque), [[:de:Vorlage:User de-0]] (allemand), [[:en:Template:User en-0]] (anglais), [[:es:Plantilla:·Usuarios por idioma (es-0)]] (espagnol), [[:fi:Malline:User fi-0]] (finnois), [[:ga:Múnla:Úsáideoir ga-0]] (irlandais), [[:id:Templat:User id-0]] (indonésien), [[:it:Template:Utente it-0]] (italien), [[:ja:Template:User ja-0]] (japonais), [[:ko:Template:User ko-0]] (coréen), [[:ln:Template:User ln-0]] (lingalá), [[:na:Template:User na-0]] (nauruan), [[:pl:Szablon:User pl-0]] (polonais), [[:pt:Predefinição:User pt-0]] (portugais), [[:qu:Template:Ruwaq:qu-0]] (quechua), [[:ru:Template:User ru-0]] (russe), [[:scn:Template:User scn-0]] (sicilien), [[:sl:Template:User sl-0]] (slovène), [[:sr:Template:User sr-0]] (serbe), [[:sv:Mall:Användare sv-0]] (suédois), [[:uk:Шаблон:User uk-0]] (ukrainien) – ''liste non exhaustive''... {{sommaire langue|af|Afrikaans|afrikaans}} {{sommaire langue|als|Alemannisch|alémanique}} {{sommaire langue|ang|Anglo Saxon|anglo-saxon}} {{sommaire langue|ar|العربية [Arabiiya]|arabe}} {{sommaire langue|ast|Asturianu|asturien}} {{sommaire langue|be|Беларуская [Belaruskaja]|biélorusse}} {{sommaire langue|bg|български [Bulgarski]|bulgare}} {{sommaire langue|bs|Bosanski|bosniaque}} {{sommaire langue|ca|Català|catalan}} {{sommaire langue|co|Corsu|corse}} {{sommaire langue|cs|Český|tchèque}} {{sommaire langue|cy|Cymraeg|gallois}} {{sommaire langue|da|Dansk|danois}} {{sommaire langue|de|Deutsch|allemand}} {{sommaire langue|el|Ελληνικά [Ellinika]|grec moderne}} {{sommaire langue|en|English|anglais}} {{sommaire langue|eo|Esperanto|espéranto}} {{sommaire langue|es|Español|espagnol}} {{sommaire langue|et|Eesti|estonien}} {{sommaire langue|fa|فارسی [Faarsi]|persan}} {{sommaire langue|fi|Suomi|finnois}} {{sommaire langue|fo|Føroyskt|féroïen}} {{sommaire langue|fr|Français|français}} {{sommaire langue|fur|Furlan|frioulan}} {{sommaire langue|fy|Frysk|frison}} {{sommaire langue|ga|Gaeilge|irlandais}} {{sommaire langue|gd|Gàidhlig|écossais}} {{sommaire langue|gl|Galego|galicien}} {{sommaire langue|gal|Galo|gallo}} {{sommaire langue|gu|ગુજરાતી [Gujrâtî]|gujarati}} {{sommaire langue|he|עברית [Ivrit]|hébreu}} {{sommaire langue|hi|हिन्दी [Hindî]|hindi}} {{sommaire langue|hr|Hrvatski|croate}} {{sommaire langue|hu|Magyar|hongrois}} {{sommaire langue|hy|Հայերեն [Haybodon]|arménien}} {{sommaire langue|ia|Interlingua|interlingua}} {{sommaire langue|id|Bahasa Indonesia|indonésien}} {{sommaire langue|io|Ido|ido}} {{sommaire langue|is|Íslenska|islandais}} {{sommaire langue|it|Italiano|italien}} {{sommaire langue|ja|日本語 [Nihongo]|japonais}} {{sommaire langue|jv|Basa Jawa|javanais}} {{sommaire langue|kn|ಕನ್ನಡ [Kannadda]|kannara}} {{sommaire langue|ko|한국어 [Hangugeo]|coréen}} {{sommaire langue|la|Latina|latin}} {{sommaire langue|lb|Lëtzebuergesch|luxembourgeois}} {{sommaire langue|li|Limburgs|limbourgeois}} {{sommaire langue|ln|Lingalá|lingalá}} {{sommaire langue|lt|Lietuvių|lituanien}} {{sommaire langue|lv|Latviešu|letton}} {{sommaire langue|mk|Македонски [Makedonski]|macédonien}} {{sommaire langue|ms|Bahasa Melayu|malais}} {{sommaire langue|nds|Plattdüütsch|bas-allemand}} {{sommaire langue|nl|Nederlands|néerlandais}} {{sommaire langue|nn|Nynorsk|nynorsk}} {{sommaire langue|no|Norsk|norvégien}} {{sommaire langue|os|Ирон [Iron]|ossète}} {{sommaire langue|pl|Polski|polonais}} {{sommaire langue|pt|Português|portugais}} {{sommaire langue|qu|Runa Simi|quechua}} {{sommaire langue|ro|Română|roumain}} {{sommaire langue|ru|Русский [Russkii]|russe}} {{sommaire langue|sa|संस्कृत [Samskrta]|sanskrit}} {{sommaire langue|sc|Sardu|sarde}} {{sommaire langue|scn|Sicilianu|sicilien}} {{sommaire langue|sk|Slovenčina|slovaque}} {{sommaire langue|sl|Slovenščina|slovène}} {{sommaire langue|sq|shqip|albanais}} {{sommaire langue|sr|Српски / Srpski|serbe}} {{sommaire langue|sv|Svenska|suédois}} {{sommaire langue|sw|Kiswahili|swahili}} {{sommaire langue|ta|தமிழ் [Tamilll]|tamoul}} {{sommaire langue|th|ไทย [Thai]|thaï}} {{sommaire langue|tl|Tagalog|tagalog}} {{sommaire langue|tr|Türkçe|turc}} {{sommaire langue|tt|Tatarça|tatar}} {{sommaire langue|uk|Українська [Ukrainska]|ukrainien}} {{sommaire langue|ur|اردو [Urdu]|ourdou}} {{sommaire langue|vi|Tiếng Việt|vietnamien}} {{sommaire langue|wa|Walon|wallon}} {{sommaire langue|yi|ייִדיש [Yidish]|yiddish}} {{sommaire langue|zh|中文 [zhōngwén]|langue chinoise}} {{sommaire langue|zh-min-nan|Bân-lâm-gú|minnan}} [[Catégorie:Wikipédia|Babel]] <!-- Liens interlangues : les interwikis ne sont pas classés, sur le Wikipédia francophone, d'après les préfixes de langue, mais d'après le nom de la langue. S'il vous plaît, ne touchez pas à l'ordre existant. --> <!-- Interlanguage links: interwikis are not ordered, on French Wikipedia, by language codes, but by language names. Please leave the order as it is. --> [[ar:ويكيبيديا:بابل]] [[ast:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Babel]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Babel]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Babylón]] [[de:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[en:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[es:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babel]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Baibéal]] [[ko:위키백과:바벨]] [[id:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[it:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[li:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[ln:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[mi:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[na:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[ja:Wikipedia:バベル]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Wieża Babel]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[ru:Википедия:Вавилон]] [[scn:Wikipedia:Babeli]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Babilon]] [[sr:Википедија:Језичке кутијице]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[uk:Вікіпедія:Вавілон]] 7599 2006-01-10T11:20:37Z Bombo 12 links fr -> ln '''CETTE PAGE EST A TRADUIRE --- vous parlez le lingala? Merci de traduire une partie ou la page entiere en lingala.''' Les '''modèles d'utilisateurs par langue''' permettent de faciliter la communication entre utilisateurs pratiquant différentes langues. Ils ont été développés, à l'origine, sur [[commons:Commons:Babel|Wikimedia Commons]], puis repris dans [[meta:Meta:Babel templates|Meta-Wiki]] puis dans divers Wikipedia et aussi, récemment, dans le Wikinews francophone (« gamme » volontairement limitée aux douze langues actuelles du projet Wikinews). Voir aussi les modèles disponibles sur [[commons:Commons:Babel]] ou sur [[meta:Meta:Babel templates]]. Pour certaines langues, la « gamme » de modèles est encore incomplète : il est également conseillé d'aller voir de temps en temps [[:en:Wikipedia:Babel]] sur le Wikipedia anglophone, dont la « gamme » étendue diffère sensiblement de celles de commons: et meta:. <div style="border: 1px solid #999; padding: 0 0.5em 0 0.5em; margin: 0.5em"> Vous ne parlez pas <span style="color: red">'''lingalá'''</span> ? Voir : [[Wikipedia:Babel/ln-0#Français|Français]] – [[Wikipedia:Babel/ln-0#English|English]] – [[Wikipedia:Babel/ln-0#Deutsch|Deutsch]] - [[Wikipedia:Babel/ln-0#Español|Español]] – [[Wikipedia:Babel/ln-0#Italiano|Italiano]] – [[Wikipedia:Babel/ln-0#日本語|日本語]] – [[Wikipedia:Babel/ln-0#한국어|한국어]] – [[Wikipedia:Babel/ln-0#Nederlands|Nederlands]] – [[Wikipedia:Babel/ln-0#Português|Português]] – [[Wikipedia:Babel/ln-0#Slovenščina|Slovenščina]] – [[Wikipedia:Babel/ln-0#Serbian/Српски|Serbian/Српски]] - [[Wikipedia:Babel/ln-0#Svenska|Svenska]] - [[Wikipedia:Babel/ln-0#中文|中文]] - [[Wikipedia:Babel/ln-0#Bân-lâm-gú|Bân-lâm-gú]] </div> __NOTOC__ == Sommaire == <div style="margin: 1em 2em 0 2em; padding: 0.5em; background-color: #f9f9f9; border:1px solid #aaaaaa"> 1. '''[[#Les modèles Babel-x|Les modèles Babel-x]]''' – 2. '''[[#Création de catégories et de modèles pour une langue|Création de catégories et de modèles pour une langue]]''' – 3. '''[[#Langues|Langues]]''' : <div style="margin-left: 2em"> {{accès langue|af|afrikaans}} {{accès langue|als|alémanique}} {{accès langue|ang|anglo-saxon}} {{accès langue|ar|arabe}} {{accès langue|ast|asturien}} {{accès langue|be|biélorusse}} {{accès langue|bg|bulgare}} {{accès langue|bs|bosniaque}} {{accès langue|ca|catalan}} {{accès langue|co|corse}} {{accès langue|cs|tchèque}} {{accès langue|cy|gallois}} {{accès langue|da|danois}} {{accès langue|de|allemand}} {{accès langue|el|grec moderne}} {{accès langue|en|anglais}} {{accès langue|eo|espéranto}} {{accès langue|es|espagnol}} {{accès langue|et|estonien}} {{accès langue|fa|persan}} {{accès langue|fi|finnois}} {{accès langue|fo|féroïen}} {{accès langue|fr|français}} {{accès langue|fur|frioulan}} {{accès langue|fy|frison}} {{accès langue|ga|irlandais}} {{accès langue|gd|écossais}} {{accès langue|gl|galicien}} {{accès langue|gal|gallo}} {{accès langue|gu|gujarati}} {{accès langue|he|hébreu}} {{accès langue|hi|hindi}} {{accès langue|hr|croate}} {{accès langue|hu|hongrois}} {{accès langue|hy|arménien}} {{accès langue|ia|interlingua}} {{accès langue|id|indonésien}} {{accès langue|io|ido}} {{accès langue|is|islandais}} {{accès langue|it|italien}} {{accès langue|ja|japonais}} {{accès langue|jv|javanais}} {{accès langue|kn|kannara}} {{accès langue|ko|coréen}} {{accès langue|la|latin}} {{accès langue|lb|luxembourgeois}} {{accès langue|li|limbourgeois}} {{accès langue|ln|lingalá}} {{accès langue|lt|lituanien}} {{accès langue|lv|letton}} {{accès langue|mk|macédonien}} {{accès langue|ms|malais}} {{accès langue|nd|normand}} {{accès langue|nds|bas-allemand}} {{accès langue|nl|néerlandais}} {{accès langue|nn|nynorsk}} {{accès langue|no|norvégien}} {{accès langue|os|ossète}} {{accès langue|pl|polonais}} {{accès langue|pt|portugais}} {{accès langue|qu|quechua}} {{accès langue|ro|roumain}} {{accès langue|ru|russe}} {{accès langue|sa|sanskrit}} {{accès langue|sc|sarde}} {{accès langue|scn|sicilien}} {{accès langue|sk|slovaque}} {{accès langue|sl|slovène}} {{accès langue|sq|albanais}} {{accès langue|sr|serbe}} {{accès langue|sv|suédois}} {{accès langue|sw|swahili}} {{accès langue|ta|tamoul}} {{accès langue|th|thaï}} {{accès langue|tl|tagalog}} {{accès langue|tr|turc}} {{accès langue|tt|tatar}} {{accès langue|uk|ukrainien}} {{accès langue|ur|ourdou}} {{accès langue|vi|vietnamien}} {{accès langue|wa|wallon}} {{accès langue|yi|yiddish}} {{accès langue|zh|Langue chinoise}} {{accès langue|zh-min-nan|minnan}} </div> </div> == Les modèles Babel-x == Il existe des modèles prédéfinis qui créent un tableau « flottant » à droite de la page où ils sont appelés. Le modèle à appeler est fonction du nombre de langues parlées par l'utilisateur. Par exemple {{m|Babel-1}} pour un utilisateur unilingue, {{m|Babel-2}} pour un utilisateur parlant 2 langues, jusqu'à {{m|Babel-6}} pour un utilisateur parlant 6 langues (encore qu'on puisse créer des modèles supplémentaires en cas de nécessité). Même si cela paraît une évidence, il faut préciser qu'il paraît logique, même si c'est facultatif, qu'un utilisateur liste les langues qu'il pratique dans l'ordre décroissant des connaissances qu'il en a, la ou les langues maternelles en premier, puis les langues moins bien connues... {| | {| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px; text-align: center" |- | '''[[Wikipedia:Babel]]''' |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''fr'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Cette personne a pour '''[[:Category:User fr-M|langue maternelle]]''' le '''[[:Category:User fr|français]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''en-2'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">This user is able to contribute with an '''[[:Category:User en-2|intermediate]]''' level of '''[[:Category:User en|English]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''de-1'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Dieser Benutzer hat '''[[:Category:User de-1|grundlegende]] [[:Category:User de|Deutschkenntnisse]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |} <big>'''Exemple 1 : utilisateur trilingue (incluant le français)'''<big> Un utilisateur parlant trois langues pourra par exemple insérer dans sa page utilisateur (et dans celle-là seulement, surtout pas dans sa page de discussion) le modèle {{m|babel-3}} via la syntaxe <nowiki>{{babel-3|ln|fr-3|en-1}}</nowiki>. L'appel d'un de ces modèles dans une page utilisateur, avec les bons critères (voir ci-dessous), ajoute en outre la catégorie correspondant à chacune des langues. Remarquez que, dans l'illustration ci-contre, les catégories ne sont volontairement pas appelées, afin de ne pas catégoriser inutilement la présente page. |} {| style="margin-top: 1em" | {| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px; text-align: center" |- | '''[[Wikipedia:Babel]]''' |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''en'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">This user is a native '''[[:Category:User en|English speaker]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''pl-3'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Ten użytkownik posługuje się '''[[:Category:User pl|językiem polskim]]''' na poziomie '''[[:Category:User pl-3|zaawansowanym]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #ffb3b3 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#ffe0e8"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#ffb3b3;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''ln-0'''</td> <td style="font-size:0.9em;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Cet utilisateur [[:Category:User ln-0|'''ne comprend pas''']] le '''[[:Category:User ln|lingalá]]''', ou seulement avec des difficultés notables.</td> </tr></table></div> |} <big>'''Exemple 2 : utilisateur bilingue<br />(et précisant sa méconnaissance du lingalá)'''</big> En outre, un utilisateur de wikipédias non francophone – ou qui estime avoir un niveau très insuffisant en français –, par exemple un participant à une autre wikipédia inscrit sur la wikipédia francophone dans le but de faire des liens interlangues vers « sa » wikipédia de prédilection ou vers d'autres, pourra également appeler dans l'un ou l'autre des modèles Babel, un critère fr-0, qui signale sa faible connaissance de la langue française. Remarquer que, dans l'illustration ci-contre, les catégories ne sont volontairement pas appelées, afin de ne pas catégoriser inutilement la présente page. |} == Création de catégories et de modèles pour une langue == Si vous avez besoin de créer des modèles pour une langue : :'''1.''' Créer la catégorie « mère » <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> (liée à la catégorie supérieure [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]), :'''2.''' Créer les quatre catégories « filles » : ::*<nowiki>[[Category:User ??-M]]</nowiki> (langue maternelle) ::*<nowiki>[[Category:User ??-3]]</nowiki> (niveau avancé) ::*<nowiki>[[Category:User ??-2]]</nowiki> (niveau intermédiaire) ::*<nowiki>[[Category:User ??-1]]</nowiki> (niveau de base) ::chacune liée à la catégorie « mère » <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> :'''3.''' Créer les quatre modèles : ::*<nowiki>{{Modèle:User ??}}</nowiki>, lié à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> et à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??-M]]</nowiki> ::*<nowiki>{{Modèle:User ??-3}}</nowiki>, lié à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> et à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??-3]]</nowiki> ::*<nowiki>{{Modèle:User ??-2}}</nowiki>, lié à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> et à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??-2]]</nowiki> ::*<nowiki>{{Modèle:User ??-1}}</nowiki>, lié à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> et à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??-1]]</nowiki> :'''4.''' Créer l'« éventail » des modèles d'une langue dans une sous-page <nowiki>[[Wikipédia:Babel/??]]</nowiki> en saisissant simplement, dans la sous-page, <nowiki>{{éventail langue|??}}</nowiki> ?? = préfixe de la langue :'''5.''' Créer ci-dessous, si elle n'est pas préexistante, la section consacrée à une langue, en utilisant simplement, dans la section « Langues » ci-dessous, le modèle {{m|sommaire langue}}, avec la syntaxe : ::'''<nowiki>{{sommaire langue | préfixe | nom de la langue (dans la langue) | nom de la langue (en français)}}</nowiki>''' :::Exemple : '''<nowiki>{{sommaire langue | en | English | anglais}}</nowiki>''' == Langues == Classées, comme sur la plupart des wikis, par ordre alphabétique du préfixe de la langue. <div style="float:right;border:solid #ffb3b3 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#ffe0e8"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#ffb3b3;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''ln-0'''</td> <td style="font-size:0.9em;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Cette personne [[:Category:User ln-0|'''ne comprend pas''']] le '''[[:Category:User ln|lingála]]''', ou seulement avec des difficultés notables.</td> </tr></table></div> ::modèle et catégorie supplémentaires '''pour ceux qui ne parlent pas le lingála''' (template and category '''for those who do not speak lingalá''') : ::{{m|User ln-0}} – Catégorie associée : [[:Category:User ln-0]] (directement rangée dans [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]) ::Pour information : liste des Wikipedias disposant d'un modèle comparable à {{m|User ln-0}} (et à n'utiliser que sur le Wikipedia concerné) ::[[:ar:قالب:مستخدم ar-0]] (arabe), [[:bg:Шаблон:User bg-0]] (bulgare), [[:ca:Template:Babel ca-0]] (catalan), [[:cs:Šablona:User cs-0]] (tchèque), [[:de:Vorlage:User de-0]] (allemand), [[:en:Template:User en-0]] (anglais), [[:es:Plantilla:·Usuarios por idioma (es-0)]] (espagnol), [[:fi:Malline:User fi-0]] (finnois), [[:ga:Múnla:Úsáideoir ga-0]] (irlandais), [[:id:Templat:User id-0]] (indonésien), [[:it:Template:Utente it-0]] (italien), [[:ja:Template:User ja-0]] (japonais), [[:ko:Template:User ko-0]] (coréen), [[:ln:Template:User ln-0]] (lingalá), [[:na:Template:User na-0]] (nauruan), [[:pl:Szablon:User pl-0]] (polonais), [[:pt:Predefinição:User pt-0]] (portugais), [[:qu:Template:Ruwaq:qu-0]] (quechua), [[:ru:Template:User ru-0]] (russe), [[:scn:Template:User scn-0]] (sicilien), [[:sl:Template:User sl-0]] (slovène), [[:sr:Template:User sr-0]] (serbe), [[:sv:Mall:Användare sv-0]] (suédois), [[:uk:Шаблон:User uk-0]] (ukrainien) – ''liste non exhaustive''... {{sommaire langue|af|Afrikaans|afrikaans}} {{sommaire langue|als|Alemannisch|alémanique}} {{sommaire langue|ang|Anglo Saxon|anglo-saxon}} {{sommaire langue|ar|العربية [Arabiiya]|arabe}} {{sommaire langue|ast|Asturianu|asturien}} {{sommaire langue|be|Беларуская [Belaruskaja]|biélorusse}} {{sommaire langue|bg|български [Bulgarski]|bulgare}} {{sommaire langue|bs|Bosanski|bosniaque}} {{sommaire langue|ca|Català|catalan}} {{sommaire langue|co|Corsu|corse}} {{sommaire langue|cs|Český|tchèque}} {{sommaire langue|cy|Cymraeg|gallois}} {{sommaire langue|da|Dansk|danois}} {{sommaire langue|de|Deutsch|allemand}} {{sommaire langue|el|Ελληνικά [Ellinika]|grec moderne}} {{sommaire langue|en|English|anglais}} {{sommaire langue|eo|Esperanto|espéranto}} {{sommaire langue|es|Español|espagnol}} {{sommaire langue|et|Eesti|estonien}} {{sommaire langue|fa|فارسی [Faarsi]|persan}} {{sommaire langue|fi|Suomi|finnois}} {{sommaire langue|fo|Føroyskt|féroïen}} {{sommaire langue|fr|Français|français}} {{sommaire langue|fur|Furlan|frioulan}} {{sommaire langue|fy|Frysk|frison}} {{sommaire langue|ga|Gaeilge|irlandais}} {{sommaire langue|gd|Gàidhlig|écossais}} {{sommaire langue|gl|Galego|galicien}} {{sommaire langue|gal|Galo|gallo}} {{sommaire langue|gu|ગુજરાતી [Gujrâtî]|gujarati}} {{sommaire langue|he|עברית [Ivrit]|hébreu}} {{sommaire langue|hi|हिन्दी [Hindî]|hindi}} {{sommaire langue|hr|Hrvatski|croate}} {{sommaire langue|hu|Magyar|hongrois}} {{sommaire langue|hy|Հայերեն [Haybodon]|arménien}} {{sommaire langue|ia|Interlingua|interlingua}} {{sommaire langue|id|Bahasa Indonesia|indonésien}} {{sommaire langue|io|Ido|ido}} {{sommaire langue|is|Íslenska|islandais}} {{sommaire langue|it|Italiano|italien}} {{sommaire langue|ja|日本語 [Nihongo]|japonais}} {{sommaire langue|jv|Basa Jawa|javanais}} {{sommaire langue|kn|ಕನ್ನಡ [Kannadda]|kannara}} {{sommaire langue|ko|한국어 [Hangugeo]|coréen}} {{sommaire langue|la|Latina|latin}} {{sommaire langue|lb|Lëtzebuergesch|luxembourgeois}} {{sommaire langue|li|Limburgs|limbourgeois}} {{sommaire langue|ln|Lingalá|lingalá}} {{sommaire langue|lt|Lietuvių|lituanien}} {{sommaire langue|lv|Latviešu|letton}} {{sommaire langue|mk|Македонски [Makedonski]|macédonien}} {{sommaire langue|ms|Bahasa Melayu|malais}} {{sommaire langue|nds|Plattdüütsch|bas-allemand}} {{sommaire langue|nl|Nederlands|néerlandais}} {{sommaire langue|nn|Nynorsk|nynorsk}} {{sommaire langue|no|Norsk|norvégien}} {{sommaire langue|os|Ирон [Iron]|ossète}} {{sommaire langue|pl|Polski|polonais}} {{sommaire langue|pt|Português|portugais}} {{sommaire langue|qu|Runa Simi|quechua}} {{sommaire langue|ro|Română|roumain}} {{sommaire langue|ru|Русский [Russkii]|russe}} {{sommaire langue|sa|संस्कृत [Samskrta]|sanskrit}} {{sommaire langue|sc|Sardu|sarde}} {{sommaire langue|scn|Sicilianu|sicilien}} {{sommaire langue|sk|Slovenčina|slovaque}} {{sommaire langue|sl|Slovenščina|slovène}} {{sommaire langue|sq|shqip|albanais}} {{sommaire langue|sr|Српски / Srpski|serbe}} {{sommaire langue|sv|Svenska|suédois}} {{sommaire langue|sw|Kiswahili|swahili}} {{sommaire langue|ta|தமிழ் [Tamilll]|tamoul}} {{sommaire langue|th|ไทย [Thai]|thaï}} {{sommaire langue|tl|Tagalog|tagalog}} {{sommaire langue|tr|Türkçe|turc}} {{sommaire langue|tt|Tatarça|tatar}} {{sommaire langue|uk|Українська [Ukrainska]|ukrainien}} {{sommaire langue|ur|اردو [Urdu]|ourdou}} {{sommaire langue|vi|Tiếng Việt|vietnamien}} {{sommaire langue|wa|Walon|wallon}} {{sommaire langue|yi|ייִדיש [Yidish]|yiddish}} {{sommaire langue|zh|中文 [zhōngwén]|langue chinoise}} {{sommaire langue|zh-min-nan|Bân-lâm-gú|minnan}} [[Catégorie:Wikipédia|Babel]] <!-- Liens interlangues : les interwikis ne sont pas classés, sur le Wikipédia francophone, d'après les préfixes de langue, mais d'après le nom de la langue. S'il vous plaît, ne touchez pas à l'ordre existant. --> <!-- Interlanguage links: interwikis are not ordered, on French Wikipedia, by language codes, but by language names. Please leave the order as it is. --> [[ar:ويكيبيديا:بابل]] [[ast:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Babel]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Babel]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Babylón]] [[de:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[en:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[es:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babel]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Baibéal]] [[ko:위키백과:바벨]] [[id:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[it:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[li:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[ln:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[mi:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[na:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[ja:Wikipedia:バベル]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Wieża Babel]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[ru:Википедия:Вавилон]] [[scn:Wikipedia:Babeli]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Babilon]] [[sr:Википедија:Језичке кутијице]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[uk:Вікіпедія:Вавілон]] 9811 2006-11-19T14:45:15Z JAnDbot 85 robot Ajoute: af, als, am, an, az, be, br, bs, cv, cy, el, et, eu, fa, fi, fo, fr, fur, gl, got, he, hr, hu, io, is, ka, ksh, ky, lb, lt, lv, mg, mk, mo, ms, mt, nah, nds, nn, no, oc, qu, ro, sc, sh, sk, sq, su, th, tpi, tr, uz, vi, wa, wuu, zh, zh- '''CETTE PAGE EST A TRADUIRE --- vous parlez le lingala? Merci de traduire une partie ou la page entiere en lingala.''' Les '''modèles d'utilisateurs par langue''' permettent de faciliter la communication entre utilisateurs pratiquant différentes langues. Ils ont été développés, à l'origine, sur [[commons:Commons:Babel|Wikimedia Commons]], puis repris dans [[meta:Meta:Babel templates|Meta-Wiki]] puis dans divers Wikipedia et aussi, récemment, dans le Wikinews francophone (« gamme » volontairement limitée aux douze langues actuelles du projet Wikinews). Voir aussi les modèles disponibles sur [[commons:Commons:Babel]] ou sur [[meta:Meta:Babel templates]]. Pour certaines langues, la « gamme » de modèles est encore incomplète : il est également conseillé d'aller voir de temps en temps [[:en:Wikipedia:Babel]] sur le Wikipedia anglophone, dont la « gamme » étendue diffère sensiblement de celles de commons: et meta:. <div style="border: 1px solid #999; padding: 0 0.5em 0 0.5em; margin: 0.5em"> Vous ne parlez pas <span style="color: red">'''lingalá'''</span> ? Voir : [[Wikipedia:Babel/ln-0#Français|Français]] – [[Wikipedia:Babel/ln-0#English|English]] – [[Wikipedia:Babel/ln-0#Deutsch|Deutsch]] - [[Wikipedia:Babel/ln-0#Español|Español]] – [[Wikipedia:Babel/ln-0#Italiano|Italiano]] – [[Wikipedia:Babel/ln-0#日本語|日本語]] – [[Wikipedia:Babel/ln-0#한국어|한국어]] – [[Wikipedia:Babel/ln-0#Nederlands|Nederlands]] – [[Wikipedia:Babel/ln-0#Português|Português]] – [[Wikipedia:Babel/ln-0#Slovenščina|Slovenščina]] – [[Wikipedia:Babel/ln-0#Serbian/Српски|Serbian/Српски]] - [[Wikipedia:Babel/ln-0#Svenska|Svenska]] - [[Wikipedia:Babel/ln-0#中文|中文]] - [[Wikipedia:Babel/ln-0#Bân-lâm-gú|Bân-lâm-gú]] </div> __NOTOC__ == Sommaire == <div style="margin: 1em 2em 0 2em; padding: 0.5em; background-color: #f9f9f9; border:1px solid #aaaaaa"> 1. '''[[#Les modèles Babel-x|Les modèles Babel-x]]''' – 2. '''[[#Création de catégories et de modèles pour une langue|Création de catégories et de modèles pour une langue]]''' – 3. '''[[#Langues|Langues]]''' : <div style="margin-left: 2em"> {{accès langue|af|afrikaans}} {{accès langue|als|alémanique}} {{accès langue|ang|anglo-saxon}} {{accès langue|ar|arabe}} {{accès langue|ast|asturien}} {{accès langue|be|biélorusse}} {{accès langue|bg|bulgare}} {{accès langue|bs|bosniaque}} {{accès langue|ca|catalan}} {{accès langue|co|corse}} {{accès langue|cs|tchèque}} {{accès langue|cy|gallois}} {{accès langue|da|danois}} {{accès langue|de|allemand}} {{accès langue|el|grec moderne}} {{accès langue|en|anglais}} {{accès langue|eo|espéranto}} {{accès langue|es|espagnol}} {{accès langue|et|estonien}} {{accès langue|fa|persan}} {{accès langue|fi|finnois}} {{accès langue|fo|féroïen}} {{accès langue|fr|français}} {{accès langue|fur|frioulan}} {{accès langue|fy|frison}} {{accès langue|ga|irlandais}} {{accès langue|gd|écossais}} {{accès langue|gl|galicien}} {{accès langue|gal|gallo}} {{accès langue|gu|gujarati}} {{accès langue|he|hébreu}} {{accès langue|hi|hindi}} {{accès langue|hr|croate}} {{accès langue|hu|hongrois}} {{accès langue|hy|arménien}} {{accès langue|ia|interlingua}} {{accès langue|id|indonésien}} {{accès langue|io|ido}} {{accès langue|is|islandais}} {{accès langue|it|italien}} {{accès langue|ja|japonais}} {{accès langue|jv|javanais}} {{accès langue|kn|kannara}} {{accès langue|ko|coréen}} {{accès langue|la|latin}} {{accès langue|lb|luxembourgeois}} {{accès langue|li|limbourgeois}} {{accès langue|ln|lingalá}} {{accès langue|lt|lituanien}} {{accès langue|lv|letton}} {{accès langue|mk|macédonien}} {{accès langue|ms|malais}} {{accès langue|nd|normand}} {{accès langue|nds|bas-allemand}} {{accès langue|nl|néerlandais}} {{accès langue|nn|nynorsk}} {{accès langue|no|norvégien}} {{accès langue|os|ossète}} {{accès langue|pl|polonais}} {{accès langue|pt|portugais}} {{accès langue|qu|quechua}} {{accès langue|ro|roumain}} {{accès langue|ru|russe}} {{accès langue|sa|sanskrit}} {{accès langue|sc|sarde}} {{accès langue|scn|sicilien}} {{accès langue|sk|slovaque}} {{accès langue|sl|slovène}} {{accès langue|sq|albanais}} {{accès langue|sr|serbe}} {{accès langue|sv|suédois}} {{accès langue|sw|swahili}} {{accès langue|ta|tamoul}} {{accès langue|th|thaï}} {{accès langue|tl|tagalog}} {{accès langue|tr|turc}} {{accès langue|tt|tatar}} {{accès langue|uk|ukrainien}} {{accès langue|ur|ourdou}} {{accès langue|vi|vietnamien}} {{accès langue|wa|wallon}} {{accès langue|yi|yiddish}} {{accès langue|zh|Langue chinoise}} {{accès langue|zh-min-nan|minnan}} </div> </div> == Les modèles Babel-x == Il existe des modèles prédéfinis qui créent un tableau « flottant » à droite de la page où ils sont appelés. Le modèle à appeler est fonction du nombre de langues parlées par l'utilisateur. Par exemple {{m|Babel-1}} pour un utilisateur unilingue, {{m|Babel-2}} pour un utilisateur parlant 2 langues, jusqu'à {{m|Babel-6}} pour un utilisateur parlant 6 langues (encore qu'on puisse créer des modèles supplémentaires en cas de nécessité). Même si cela paraît une évidence, il faut préciser qu'il paraît logique, même si c'est facultatif, qu'un utilisateur liste les langues qu'il pratique dans l'ordre décroissant des connaissances qu'il en a, la ou les langues maternelles en premier, puis les langues moins bien connues... {| | {| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px; text-align: center" |- | '''[[Wikipedia:Babel]]''' |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''fr'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Cette personne a pour '''[[:Category:User fr-M|langue maternelle]]''' le '''[[:Category:User fr|français]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''en-2'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">This user is able to contribute with an '''[[:Category:User en-2|intermediate]]''' level of '''[[:Category:User en|English]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''de-1'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Dieser Benutzer hat '''[[:Category:User de-1|grundlegende]] [[:Category:User de|Deutschkenntnisse]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |} <big>'''Exemple 1 : utilisateur trilingue (incluant le français)'''<big> Un utilisateur parlant trois langues pourra par exemple insérer dans sa page utilisateur (et dans celle-là seulement, surtout pas dans sa page de discussion) le modèle {{m|babel-3}} via la syntaxe <nowiki>{{babel-3|ln|fr-3|en-1}}</nowiki>. L'appel d'un de ces modèles dans une page utilisateur, avec les bons critères (voir ci-dessous), ajoute en outre la catégorie correspondant à chacune des langues. Remarquez que, dans l'illustration ci-contre, les catégories ne sont volontairement pas appelées, afin de ne pas catégoriser inutilement la présente page. |} {| style="margin-top: 1em" | {| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px; text-align: center" |- | '''[[Wikipedia:Babel]]''' |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''en'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">This user is a native '''[[:Category:User en|English speaker]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''pl-3'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Ten użytkownik posługuje się '''[[:Category:User pl|językiem polskim]]''' na poziomie '''[[:Category:User pl-3|zaawansowanym]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> |- | <div style="float:left;border:solid #ffb3b3 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#ffe0e8"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#ffb3b3;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''ln-0'''</td> <td style="font-size:0.9em;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Cet utilisateur [[:Category:User ln-0|'''ne comprend pas''']] le '''[[:Category:User ln|lingalá]]''', ou seulement avec des difficultés notables.</td> </tr></table></div> |} <big>'''Exemple 2 : utilisateur bilingue<br />(et précisant sa méconnaissance du lingalá)'''</big> En outre, un utilisateur de wikipédias non francophone – ou qui estime avoir un niveau très insuffisant en français –, par exemple un participant à une autre wikipédia inscrit sur la wikipédia francophone dans le but de faire des liens interlangues vers « sa » wikipédia de prédilection ou vers d'autres, pourra également appeler dans l'un ou l'autre des modèles Babel, un critère fr-0, qui signale sa faible connaissance de la langue française. Remarquer que, dans l'illustration ci-contre, les catégories ne sont volontairement pas appelées, afin de ne pas catégoriser inutilement la présente page. |} == Création de catégories et de modèles pour une langue == Si vous avez besoin de créer des modèles pour une langue : :'''1.''' Créer la catégorie « mère » <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> (liée à la catégorie supérieure [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]), :'''2.''' Créer les quatre catégories « filles » : ::*<nowiki>[[Category:User ??-M]]</nowiki> (langue maternelle) ::*<nowiki>[[Category:User ??-3]]</nowiki> (niveau avancé) ::*<nowiki>[[Category:User ??-2]]</nowiki> (niveau intermédiaire) ::*<nowiki>[[Category:User ??-1]]</nowiki> (niveau de base) ::chacune liée à la catégorie « mère » <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> :'''3.''' Créer les quatre modèles : ::*<nowiki>{{Modèle:User ??}}</nowiki>, lié à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> et à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??-M]]</nowiki> ::*<nowiki>{{Modèle:User ??-3}}</nowiki>, lié à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> et à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??-3]]</nowiki> ::*<nowiki>{{Modèle:User ??-2}}</nowiki>, lié à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> et à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??-2]]</nowiki> ::*<nowiki>{{Modèle:User ??-1}}</nowiki>, lié à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??]]</nowiki> et à la <nowiki>[[Category:User ??-1]]</nowiki> :'''4.''' Créer l'« éventail » des modèles d'une langue dans une sous-page <nowiki>[[Wikipédia:Babel/??]]</nowiki> en saisissant simplement, dans la sous-page, <nowiki>{{éventail langue|??}}</nowiki> ?? = préfixe de la langue :'''5.''' Créer ci-dessous, si elle n'est pas préexistante, la section consacrée à une langue, en utilisant simplement, dans la section « Langues » ci-dessous, le modèle {{m|sommaire langue}}, avec la syntaxe : ::'''<nowiki>{{sommaire langue | préfixe | nom de la langue (dans la langue) | nom de la langue (en français)}}</nowiki>''' :::Exemple : '''<nowiki>{{sommaire langue | en | English | anglais}}</nowiki>''' == Langues == Classées, comme sur la plupart des wikis, par ordre alphabétique du préfixe de la langue. <div style="float:right;border:solid #ffb3b3 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#ffe0e8"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#ffb3b3;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''ln-0'''</td> <td style="font-size:0.9em;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Cette personne [[:Category:User ln-0|'''ne comprend pas''']] le '''[[:Category:User ln|lingála]]''', ou seulement avec des difficultés notables.</td> </tr></table></div> ::modèle et catégorie supplémentaires '''pour ceux qui ne parlent pas le lingála''' (template and category '''for those who do not speak lingalá''') : ::{{m|User ln-0}} – Catégorie associée : [[:Category:User ln-0]] (directement rangée dans [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]) ::Pour information : liste des Wikipedias disposant d'un modèle comparable à {{m|User ln-0}} (et à n'utiliser que sur le Wikipedia concerné) ::[[:ar:قالب:مستخدم ar-0]] (arabe), [[:bg:Шаблон:User bg-0]] (bulgare), [[:ca:Template:Babel ca-0]] (catalan), [[:cs:Šablona:User cs-0]] (tchèque), [[:de:Vorlage:User de-0]] (allemand), [[:en:Template:User en-0]] (anglais), [[:es:Plantilla:·Usuarios por idioma (es-0)]] (espagnol), [[:fi:Malline:User fi-0]] (finnois), [[:ga:Múnla:Úsáideoir ga-0]] (irlandais), [[:id:Templat:User id-0]] (indonésien), [[:it:Template:Utente it-0]] (italien), [[:ja:Template:User ja-0]] (japonais), [[:ko:Template:User ko-0]] (coréen), [[:ln:Template:User ln-0]] (lingalá), [[:na:Template:User na-0]] (nauruan), [[:pl:Szablon:User pl-0]] (polonais), [[:pt:Predefinição:User pt-0]] (portugais), [[:qu:Template:Ruwaq:qu-0]] (quechua), [[:ru:Template:User ru-0]] (russe), [[:scn:Template:User scn-0]] (sicilien), [[:sl:Template:User sl-0]] (slovène), [[:sr:Template:User sr-0]] (serbe), [[:sv:Mall:Användare sv-0]] (suédois), [[:uk:Шаблон:User uk-0]] (ukrainien) – ''liste non exhaustive''... {{sommaire langue|af|Afrikaans|afrikaans}} {{sommaire langue|als|Alemannisch|alémanique}} {{sommaire langue|ang|Anglo Saxon|anglo-saxon}} {{sommaire langue|ar|العربية [Arabiiya]|arabe}} {{sommaire langue|ast|Asturianu|asturien}} {{sommaire langue|be|Беларуская [Belaruskaja]|biélorusse}} {{sommaire langue|bg|български [Bulgarski]|bulgare}} {{sommaire langue|bs|Bosanski|bosniaque}} {{sommaire langue|ca|Català|catalan}} {{sommaire langue|co|Corsu|corse}} {{sommaire langue|cs|Český|tchèque}} {{sommaire langue|cy|Cymraeg|gallois}} {{sommaire langue|da|Dansk|danois}} {{sommaire langue|de|Deutsch|allemand}} {{sommaire langue|el|Ελληνικά [Ellinika]|grec moderne}} {{sommaire langue|en|English|anglais}} {{sommaire langue|eo|Esperanto|espéranto}} {{sommaire langue|es|Español|espagnol}} {{sommaire langue|et|Eesti|estonien}} {{sommaire langue|fa|فارسی [Faarsi]|persan}} {{sommaire langue|fi|Suomi|finnois}} {{sommaire langue|fo|Føroyskt|féroïen}} {{sommaire langue|fr|Français|français}} {{sommaire langue|fur|Furlan|frioulan}} {{sommaire langue|fy|Frysk|frison}} {{sommaire langue|ga|Gaeilge|irlandais}} {{sommaire langue|gd|Gàidhlig|écossais}} {{sommaire langue|gl|Galego|galicien}} {{sommaire langue|gal|Galo|gallo}} {{sommaire langue|gu|ગુજરાતી [Gujrâtî]|gujarati}} {{sommaire langue|he|עברית [Ivrit]|hébreu}} {{sommaire langue|hi|हिन्दी [Hindî]|hindi}} {{sommaire langue|hr|Hrvatski|croate}} {{sommaire langue|hu|Magyar|hongrois}} {{sommaire langue|hy|Հայերեն [Haybodon]|arménien}} {{sommaire langue|ia|Interlingua|interlingua}} {{sommaire langue|id|Bahasa Indonesia|indonésien}} {{sommaire langue|io|Ido|ido}} {{sommaire langue|is|Íslenska|islandais}} {{sommaire langue|it|Italiano|italien}} {{sommaire langue|ja|日本語 [Nihongo]|japonais}} {{sommaire langue|jv|Basa Jawa|javanais}} {{sommaire langue|kn|ಕನ್ನಡ [Kannadda]|kannara}} {{sommaire langue|ko|한국어 [Hangugeo]|coréen}} {{sommaire langue|la|Latina|latin}} {{sommaire langue|lb|Lëtzebuergesch|luxembourgeois}} {{sommaire langue|li|Limburgs|limbourgeois}} {{sommaire langue|ln|Lingalá|lingalá}} {{sommaire langue|lt|Lietuvių|lituanien}} {{sommaire langue|lv|Latviešu|letton}} {{sommaire langue|mk|Македонски [Makedonski]|macédonien}} {{sommaire langue|ms|Bahasa Melayu|malais}} {{sommaire langue|nds|Plattdüütsch|bas-allemand}} {{sommaire langue|nl|Nederlands|néerlandais}} {{sommaire langue|nn|Nynorsk|nynorsk}} {{sommaire langue|no|Norsk|norvégien}} {{sommaire langue|os|Ирон [Iron]|ossète}} {{sommaire langue|pl|Polski|polonais}} {{sommaire langue|pt|Português|portugais}} {{sommaire langue|qu|Runa Simi|quechua}} {{sommaire langue|ro|Română|roumain}} {{sommaire langue|ru|Русский [Russkii]|russe}} {{sommaire langue|sa|संस्कृत [Samskrta]|sanskrit}} {{sommaire langue|sc|Sardu|sarde}} {{sommaire langue|scn|Sicilianu|sicilien}} {{sommaire langue|sk|Slovenčina|slovaque}} {{sommaire langue|sl|Slovenščina|slovène}} {{sommaire langue|sq|shqip|albanais}} {{sommaire langue|sr|Српски / Srpski|serbe}} {{sommaire langue|sv|Svenska|suédois}} {{sommaire langue|sw|Kiswahili|swahili}} {{sommaire langue|ta|தமிழ் [Tamilll]|tamoul}} {{sommaire langue|th|ไทย [Thai]|thaï}} {{sommaire langue|tl|Tagalog|tagalog}} {{sommaire langue|tr|Türkçe|turc}} {{sommaire langue|tt|Tatarça|tatar}} {{sommaire langue|uk|Українська [Ukrainska]|ukrainien}} {{sommaire langue|ur|اردو [Urdu]|ourdou}} {{sommaire langue|vi|Tiếng Việt|vietnamien}} {{sommaire langue|wa|Walon|wallon}} {{sommaire langue|yi|ייִדיש [Yidish]|yiddish}} {{sommaire langue|zh|中文 [zhōngwén]|langue chinoise}} {{sommaire langue|zh-min-nan|Bân-lâm-gú|minnan}} [[Catégorie:Wikipédia|Babel]] <!-- Liens interlangues : les interwikis ne sont pas classés, sur le Wikipédia francophone, d'après les préfixes de langue, mais d'après le nom de la langue. S'il vous plaît, ne touchez pas à l'ordre existant. --> <!-- Interlanguage links: interwikis are not ordered, on French Wikipedia, by language codes, but by language names. Please leave the order as it is. --> [[af:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[als:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[am:Wikipedia:ልሳናት]] [[an:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[ar:ويكيبيديا:بابل]] [[ast:Uiquipedia:Babel]] [[az:Vikipediya:Babil]] [[be:Вікіпэдыя:Бабілёнская вежа]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Вавилон]] [[br:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[bs:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Babel]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Babylón]] [[cv:Википеди:Вавилон]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Babel]] [[de:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια:Βαβέλ]] [[en:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babel]] [[es:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[et:Vikipeedia:Babel]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[fa:ویکی‌پدیا:بابل]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Babylon]] [[fo:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Babel]] [[fur:Vichipedie:Babel]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Baibéal]] [[gl:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[got:Wikipedia:Babilu]] [[he:ויקיפדיה:כישורי שפה]] [[hr:Wikipedija:Babilon]] [[hu:Wikipédia:Bábel]] [[id:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[io:Wikipedio:Babel]] [[is:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[it:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[ja:Wikipedia:バベル]] [[ka:ვიკიპედია:ბაბილონი]] [[ko:위키백과:바벨]] [[ksh:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[ky:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[lb:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[li:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[lt:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[lv:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[mg:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[mi:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[mk:Википедија:Вавилон]] [[mo:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[mt:Wikipedija:Babel]] [[na:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[nah:Huiquipedia:Babel]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[nn:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[no:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[oc:Wikipèdia:Babèl]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Wieża Babel]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[qu:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[ru:Википедия:Вавилон]] [[sc:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[scn:Wikipedia:Babeli]] [[sh:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Babylon]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Babilon]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[sr:Википедија:Шаблони/Језичке кутијице]] [[su:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[th:วิกิพีเดีย:บาเบล]] [[tpi:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[tr:Vikipedi:Babil]] [[uk:Вікіпедія:Вавілон]] [[uz:Wikipedia:Bobil]] [[vi:Wikipedia:Ngôn ngữ sử dụng]] [[wa:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[wuu:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[zh:Wikipedia:巴別]] [[zh-classical:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[zh-min-nan:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[zh-yue:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[zu:Wikipedia:Babel]] Template:User ln-0 1616 5465 2005-07-21T16:15:16Z Bombo 12 <div style="float:left;border:solid #ffb3b3 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#ffe0e8" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#ffb3b3;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''ln-0''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Cette personne [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur ln-0|'''ne comprend pas''']] le '''[[:Category:User ln|lingalá]]''', ou seulement avec des difficultés notables.[[Category:User ln-0|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> 5753 2005-07-27T15:35:41Z 81.134.8.164 <div style="float:left;border:solid #ffb3b3 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#ffe0e8" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#ffb3b3;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''ln-0''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Cette personne [[:Category:User ln-0|'''ne comprend pas''']] le '''[[:Category:User ln|lingalá]]''', ou seulement avec des difficultés notables.[[Category:User ln-0|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> 5755 2005-07-27T15:41:48Z 81.134.8.164 <div style="float:left;border:solid #ffb3b3 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#ffe0e8" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#ffb3b3;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''ln-0''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Cette personne [[:Category:User ln-0|'''ne comprend pas''']] le '''[[:Category:User ln|lingála]]''', ou seulement avec des difficultés notables.[[Category:User ln-0|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> 6172 2005-09-07T11:29:03Z Bombo 12 <div style="float:left;border:solid #ffb3b3 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#ffe0e8" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#ffb3b3;text-align:center;font-size:14pt"Lingála|'''ln-0''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Cette personne [[:Category:User ln-0|'''ne comprend pas''']] le '''[[:Category:User ln|lingála]]''', ou seulement avec des difficultés notables.[[Category:User ln-0|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> 6173 2005-09-07T11:29:53Z Bombo 12 <div style="float:left;border:solid #ffb3b3 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#ffe0e8" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#ffb3b3;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" |''' [[Lingála|ln-0]]''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Cette personne [[:Category:User ln-0|'''ne comprend pas''']] le '''[[:Category:User ln|lingála]]''', ou seulement avec des difficultés notables.[[Category:User ln-0|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> 6382 2005-09-28T11:49:29Z Moyogo 11 <div style="float:left;border:solid #ffb3b3 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#ffe0e8" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#ffb3b3;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" |''' [[Lingála|ln-0]]''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Moto óyo ayébí koloba '''[[:Category:User ln|lingála]]''' [[:Category:User ln-0|'''tɛ̂''']][[Category:User ln-0|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> 7290 2005-12-08T01:27:46Z Moyogo 11 {{Babel field 0|letter code size=1.5em|text size=0.83em|letter code=ln |text=Moto óyo ayébí koloba '''[[:Category:Utilisateur ln|lingála]]''' [[:Category:Utilisateur ln-0|'''tɛ̂''']]}} <noinclude> [[fr:Modèle:User ln-0]][[en:Template:User ln-0]] </noinclude> 7291 2005-12-08T01:29:06Z Moyogo 11 {{Babel field 0|letter code size=1.5em|text size=0.83em|letter code=ln |text=Moto óyo ayébí koloba '''[[:Category:User ln|lingála]]''' [[:Category:User ln-0|'''tɛ̂''']]}} <noinclude> [[fr:Modèle:User ln-0]][[en:Template:User ln-0]] </noinclude> Template:User ln-1 1617 5466 2005-07-21T16:17:40Z Bombo 12 <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''ln-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Cette personne peut contribuer avec un niveau '''[[:Category:User ln-1|élémentaire]]''' de '''[[:Category:User ln|lingalá]]'''.[[Category:User ln|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User ln-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> 5743 2005-07-27T06:00:30Z Moyogo 11 [[Lingála]] <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[ln|Lingála]]-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Cette personne peut contribuer avec un niveau '''[[:Category:User ln-1|élémentaire]]''' de '''[[:Category:User ln|lingála]]'''.[[Category:User ln|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User ln-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> 5744 2005-07-27T06:00:54Z Moyogo 11 oops <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Lingála|ln]]-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Cette personne peut contribuer avec un niveau '''[[:Category:User ln-1|élémentaire]]''' de '''[[:Category:User ln|lingála]]'''.[[Category:User ln|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User ln-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> 6383 2005-09-28T11:52:57Z Moyogo 11 <div style="float: left; border: solid #99B3FF 1px; margin: 1px;"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''[[Lingála|ln]]-1'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Moto óyo ayébí koloba '''[[:Category:User lni|lingála]]''' '''[[:Category:User ln-1|mokɛ́]]'''.[[Category:User ln-1|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td> </tr></table></div> 6390 2005-09-29T10:01:12Z 160.85.2.50 lni > ln (link) <div style="float: left; border: solid #99B3FF 1px; margin: 1px;"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''[[Lingála|ln]]-1'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Moto óyo ayébí koloba '''[[:Category:User ln|lingála]]''' '''[[:Category:User ln-1|mokɛ́]]'''.[[Category:User ln-1|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td> </tr></table></div> 6934 2005-11-19T08:45:15Z Hégésippe Cormier 41 + catégorie-mère <div style="float: left; border: solid #99B3FF 1px; margin: 1px;"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''[[Lingála|ln]]-1'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Moto óyo ayébí koloba '''[[:Category:User ln|lingála]]''' '''[[:Category:User ln-1|mokɛ́]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> [[Category:User ln|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User ln-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] 7287 2005-12-08T01:18:58Z Moyogo 11 <div style="float: left; border: solid #99B3FF 1px; margin: 1px;"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''[[Lingála|ln]]-1'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Moto óyo ayébí koloba '''[[:Category:User ln|lingála]]''' '''[[:Category:User ln-1|mokɛ́ bɛ̂]]'''.</td> </tr></table></div> [[Category:User ln|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User ln-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] 7293 2005-12-08T01:31:21Z Moyogo 11 {{Babel field 1|letter code size=1.5em|text size=0.83em|letter code=ln| text=Moto óyo ayébí koloba '''[[:Category:User ln|lingála]]''' '''[[:Category:User ln-1|mokɛ́ bɛ̂]]'''.}} <noinclude> [[en:Template:User ln-0]][[fr:Template:User ln-0]] </noinclude> 8026 2006-04-18T09:16:29Z 85.27.33.151 {{Babel field 1|letter code size=1.5em|text size=0.83em|letter code=ln| text=Moto óyo ayébí koloba '''[[:Category:User ln|lingála]]''' '''[[:Category:User ln-1|mwâ mokɛ́]]'''.}} <noinclude> [[en:Template:User ln-0]][[fr:Template:User ln-0]] </noinclude> Template:User ln-2 1618 5467 2005-07-21T16:19:11Z Bombo 12 <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''ln-2''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Cette personne peut contribuer avec un niveau '''[[:Category:User ln-2|moyen]]''' de '''[[:Category:User ln|lingalá]]'''.[[Category:User ln|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User ln-2|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> 5742 2005-07-27T05:59:48Z Moyogo 11 [[Lingála]] <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Lingála|ln]]-2''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Cette personne peut contribuer avec un niveau '''[[:Category:User ln-2|moyen]]''' de '''[[:Category:User ln|lingála]]'''.[[Category:User ln|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User ln-2|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> 7296 2005-12-08T01:34:02Z Moyogo 11 {{Babel field 2|letter code size=1.5em|text size=0.83em|letter code=ln| text=Moto óyo ayébí koloba '''[[:Category:User ln|lingála]]''' '''[[:Category:User ln-2|mokɛ́]]'''.}} <noinclude> [[en:Template:User ln-2]][[ln:Template:User ln-2]] </noinclude> 7299 2005-12-08T01:36:45Z Moyogo 11 {{Babel field 2|letter code size=1.5em|text size=0.83em|letter code=ln| text=Moto óyo ayébí koloba '''[[:Category:User ln|lingála]]''' '''[[:Category:User ln-2|mokɛ́]]'''.}} <noinclude> [[en:Template:User ln-2]][[fr:Template:User ln-2]] </noinclude> Template:User ln-3 1619 5468 2005-07-21T16:21:32Z Bombo 12 <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''ln-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Cette personne peut contribuer avec un niveau '''[[:Category:User ln-3|avancé]]''' de '''[[:Category:User ln|lingalá]]'''.[[Category:User ln|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User ln-3|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> 5469 2005-07-21T16:22:34Z Bombo 12 <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''ln-3''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Cette personne peut contribuer avec un niveau '''[[:Category:User ln-3|avancé]]''' de '''[[:Category:User ln|lingalá]]'''.[[Category:User ln|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User ln-3|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> 5741 2005-07-27T05:59:07Z Moyogo 11 [[Lingála]] <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[ln|Lingála]]-3''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Cette personne peut contribuer avec un niveau '''[[:Category:User ln-3|avancé]]''' de '''[[:Category:User ln|lingála]]'''.[[Category:User ln|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User ln-3|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> 5921 2005-07-31T19:52:51Z Themalau 22 <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Lingála|ln]]-3''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Cette personne peut contribuer avec un niveau '''[[:Category:User ln-3|avancé]]''' de '''[[:Category:User ln|lingála]]'''.[[Category:User ln|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User ln-3|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> 6384 2005-09-28T11:55:41Z Moyogo 11 <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Lingála|ln]]-3''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Motó óyo ayébí koloba '''[[:Category:User ln|lingála]]''' '''[[:Category:User ln-3|malámu]]'''. [[Category:User ln|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User ln-3|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> Template:User ln 1620 5470 2005-07-21T16:25:49Z Bombo 12 <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''fr''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Cette personne a pour '''[[:Category:User ln-M|langue maternelle]]''' le '''[[:Category:User ln|lingalá]]'''.[[Category:User ln|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User ln-M|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> 5481 2005-07-21T16:46:12Z Bombo 12 <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''ln''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Cette personne a pour '''[[:Category:User ln-M|langue maternelle]]''' le '''[[:Category:User ln|lingalá]]'''.[[Category:User ln|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User ln-M|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> 5745 2005-07-27T06:01:35Z Moyogo 11 [[Lingála]] <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Lingála|ln]]''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Cette personne a pour '''[[:Category:User ln-M|langue maternelle]]''' le '''[[:Category:User ln|lingála]]'''.[[Category:User ln|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User ln-M|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> 7286 2005-12-08T01:06:21Z Moyogo 11 <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Lingála|ln]]''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Motó óyo ayébí koloba '''[[:Category:User ln|lingála]]''' '''[[:Category:User ln|bandá mbótama]]'''.[[Category:User ln|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User ln-M|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> <noinclude> [[en:Template:User ln]][[fr:Template:User ln]] </noinclude> Template:Babel-3 1621 5473 2005-07-21T16:37:46Z 81.135.245.140 {| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px" |- | style="text-align: center" | '''[[Wikipédia:Babel]]''' |- | {{User {{{1}}}}} |- | {{User {{{2}}}}} |- | {{User {{{3}}}}} |} 7165 2005-12-03T23:08:58Z Moyogo 11 {| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px" |- | style="text-align: center" | '''[[Wikipedia:Babel]]''' |- | {{User {{{1}}}}} |- | {{User {{{2}}}}} |- | {{User {{{3}}}}} |} Template:Babel-2 1622 5474 2005-07-21T16:38:38Z 81.135.245.140 {| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px" |- | style="text-align: center" | '''[[Wikipédia:Babel]]''' |- | {{User {{{1}}}}} |- | {{User {{{2}}}}} |} 7161 2005-12-03T23:08:33Z Moyogo 11 {| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px" |- | style="text-align: center" | '''[[Wikipedia:Babel]]''' |- | {{User {{{1}}}}} |- | {{User {{{2}}}}} |} Template:Babel-1 1623 5475 2005-07-21T16:39:21Z 81.135.245.140 {| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px" |- | style="text-align: center" | '''[[Wikipédia:Babel]]''' |- | {{User {{{1}}}}} |} 7166 2005-12-03T23:09:17Z Moyogo 11 {| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px" |- | style="text-align: center" | '''[[Wikipedia:Babel]]''' |- | {{User {{{1}}}}} |} Template:Babel-4 1624 5476 2005-07-21T16:40:21Z 81.135.245.140 {| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px" |- | style="text-align: center" | '''[[Wikipédia:Babel]]''' |- | {{User {{{1}}}}} |- | {{User {{{2}}}}} |- | {{User {{{3}}}}} |- | {{User {{{4}}}}} |} 7162 2005-12-03T23:08:45Z Moyogo 11 {| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px" |- | style="text-align: center" | '''[[Wikipedia:Babel]]''' |- | {{User {{{1}}}}} |- | {{User {{{2}}}}} |- | {{User {{{3}}}}} |- | {{User {{{4}}}}} |} Template:Babel-5 1625 5477 2005-07-21T16:41:32Z 81.135.245.140 {| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px" |- | style="text-align: center" | '''[[Wikipédia:Babel]]''' |- | {{User {{{1}}}}} |- | {{User {{{2}}}}} |- | {{User {{{3}}}}} |- | {{User {{{4}}}}} |- | {{User {{{5}}}}} |} 7163 2005-12-03T23:08:50Z Moyogo 11 {| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px" |- | style="text-align: center" | '''[[Wikipedia:Babel]]''' |- | {{User {{{1}}}}} |- | {{User {{{2}}}}} |- | {{User {{{3}}}}} |- | {{User {{{4}}}}} |- | {{User {{{5}}}}} |} Template:Babel-7 1626 5480 2005-07-21T16:44:46Z 81.135.245.140 {| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px" |- | style="text-align: center" | '''[[Wikipédia:Babel]]''' |- | {{User {{{1}}}}} |- | {{User {{{2}}}}} |- | {{User {{{3}}}}} |- | {{User {{{4}}}}} |- | {{User {{{5}}}}} |- | {{User {{{6}}}}} |- | {{User {{{7}}}}} |} 7164 2005-12-03T23:08:55Z Moyogo 11 {| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px" |- | style="text-align: center" | '''[[Wikipedia:Babel]]''' |- | {{User {{{1}}}}} |- | {{User {{{2}}}}} |- | {{User {{{3}}}}} |- | {{User {{{4}}}}} |- | {{User {{{5}}}}} |- | {{User {{{6}}}}} |- | {{User {{{7}}}}} |} Template:User als 1627 5483 2005-07-22T15:15:57Z 81.134.8.164 <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''[[Alemannische Dialekte|als]]'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Dä Benutzer redet '''[[:Category:User als|Alemannisch]]''' als '''[[:Category:User als-M|Mueterspraach]].'''[[Category:User als|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User als-M|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td> </tr></table></div> Template:User de-3 1628 5484 2005-07-22T15:16:44Z 81.134.8.164 <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''[[Deutsche Sprache|de]]-3'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Dieser Benutzer hat '''[[:Category:User de-3|sehr gute]]''' '''[[:Category:User de|Deutschkenntnisse]].'''[[Category:User de|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User de-3|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td> </tr></table></div> 5518 2005-07-22T16:14:15Z 81.134.8.164 <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''[[Alemani|de]]-3'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Dieser Benutzer hat '''[[:Category:User de-3|sehr gute]]''' '''[[:Category:User de|Deutschkenntnisse]].'''[[Category:User de|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User de-3|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td> </tr></table></div> 7140 2005-12-03T22:29:51Z Moyogo 11 lialémani <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''[[lialémani|de]]-3'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Dieser Benutzer hat '''[[:Category:User de-3|sehr gute]]''' '''[[:Category:User de|Deutschkenntnisse]].'''[[Category:User de|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User de-3|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td> </tr></table></div> Template:User fr-3 1629 5485 2005-07-22T15:17:20Z 81.134.8.164 <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''[[Französische Sprache|fr]]-3'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Cette personne peut contribuer avec un niveau '''[[:Category:User fr-3|avancé]]''' de '''[[:Category:User fr|français]].'''[[Category:User fr|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User fr-3|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td> </tr></table></div> 5513 2005-07-22T16:10:36Z 81.134.8.164 <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''[[Lifalansé|fr]]-3'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Cette personne peut contribuer avec un niveau '''[[:Category:User fr-3|avancé]]''' de '''[[:Category:User fr|français]].'''[[Category:User fr|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User fr-3|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td> </tr></table></div> Template:User fr-2 1630 5486 2005-07-22T15:17:54Z 81.134.8.164 <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''[[Französische Sprache|fr]]-2'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Cette personne peut contribuer avec un niveau '''[[:Category:User fr-2|moyen]]''' en '''[[:Category:User fr|français]].'''[[Category:User fr|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User fr-2|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td> </tr></table></div> 5514 2005-07-22T16:11:00Z 81.134.8.164 <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''[[Lifalansé|fr]]-2'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Cette personne peut contribuer avec un niveau '''[[:Category:User fr-2|moyen]]''' en '''[[:Category:User fr|français]].'''[[Category:User fr|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User fr-2|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td> </tr></table></div> Template:User fr-1 1631 5487 2005-07-22T15:18:27Z 81.134.8.164 <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''[[Französische Sprache|fr]]-1'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Cette personne peut contribuer avec un niveau '''[[:Category:User fr-1|élémentaire]]''' de '''[[:Category:User fr|français]].'''[[Category:User fr|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User fr-1|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td> </tr></table></div> 5515 2005-07-22T16:11:31Z 81.134.8.164 <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''[[Lifalansé|fr]]-1'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Cette personne peut contribuer avec un niveau '''[[:Category:User fr-1|élémentaire]]''' de '''[[:Category:User fr|français]].'''[[Category:User fr|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User fr-1|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td> </tr></table></div> Template:User en-1 1632 5488 2005-07-22T15:21:56Z 81.134.8.164 <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''[[Englische Sprache|en]]-1'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">This user is able to contribute with a '''[[:Category:User en-1|basic]]''' level of '''[[:Category:User en|English]].'''[[Category:User en|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User en-1|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td> </tr></table></div> 6169 2005-09-07T11:25:27Z Bombo 12 link lingelesi <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''[[Lingelesi|en]]-1'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">This user is able to contribute with a '''[[:Category:User en-1|basic]]''' level of '''[[:Category:User en|English]].'''[[Category:User en|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User en-1|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td> </tr></table></div> 6177 2005-09-07T11:38:21Z Bombo 12 <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''[[Lingɛlɛsi|en]]-1'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">This user is able to contribute with a '''[[:Category:User en-1|basic]]''' level of '''[[:Category:User en|English]].'''[[Category:User en|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User en-1|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td> </tr></table></div> Template:User en-2 1633 5489 2005-07-22T15:24:42Z 81.134.8.164 <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''[[Englische Sprache|en]]-2'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">This user is able to contribute with an '''[[:Category:User en-2|intermediate]]''' level of '''[[:Category:User en|English]].'''[[Category:User en|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User en-2|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td> </tr></table></div> 6170 2005-09-07T11:25:56Z Bombo 12 <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''[[Lingelesi|en]]-2'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">This user is able to contribute with an '''[[:Category:User en-2|intermediate]]''' level of '''[[:Category:User en|English]].'''[[Category:User en|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User en-2|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td> </tr></table></div> 6178 2005-09-07T11:38:46Z Bombo 12 Lingelesi > Lingɛlɛsi <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''[[Lingɛlɛsi|en]]-2'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">This user is able to contribute with an '''[[:Category:User en-2|intermediate]]''' level of '''[[:Category:User en|English]].'''[[Category:User en|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User en-2|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td> </tr></table></div> 6695 2005-11-05T13:26:51Z Moyogo 11 <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''[[Lingɛlɛ́sa|en]]-2'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">This user is able to contribute with an '''[[:Category:User en-2|intermediate]]''' level of '''[[:Category:User en|English]].'''[[Category:User en|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User en-2|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td> </tr></table></div> Template:User en-3 1634 5490 2005-07-22T15:23:04Z 81.134.8.164 <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''[[Englische Sprache|en]]-3'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">This user is able to contribute with an '''[[:Category:User en-3|advanced]]''' level of '''[[:Category:User en|English]].'''[[Category:User en|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User en-3|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td> </tr></table></div> 5740 2005-07-27T05:57:53Z Moyogo 11 English = Lingelesi <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''[[Lingelesi|en]]-3'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">This user is able to contribute with an '''[[:Category:User en-3|advanced]]''' level of '''[[:Category:User en|English]].'''[[Category:User en|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User en-3|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td> </tr></table></div> 6179 2005-09-07T11:39:09Z Bombo 12 Lingelesi > Lingɛlɛsi <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''[[Lingɛlɛsi|en]]-3'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">This user is able to contribute with an '''[[:Category:User en-3|advanced]]''' level of '''[[:Category:User en|English]].'''[[Category:User en|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User en-3|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td> </tr></table></div> Template:User en 1635 5491 2005-07-22T15:23:31Z 81.134.8.164 <div style="float:left;border:solid #6ef7a7 1px;margin:1px;"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#c5fcdc;"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6ef7a7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt;">'''[[Englische Sprache|en]]'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em;">This user is a '''[[:Category:User en-M|native]]''' speaker of '''[[:Category:User en|English]].'''[[Category:User en|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User en-M|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td> </tr></table></div> 6171 2005-09-07T11:26:39Z Bombo 12 link lingelesi <div style="float:left;border:solid #6ef7a7 1px;margin:1px;"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#c5fcdc;"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6ef7a7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt;">'''[[Lingelesi|en]]'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em;">This user is a '''[[:Category:User en-M|native]]''' speaker of '''[[:Category:User en|English]].'''[[Category:User en|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User en-M|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td> </tr></table></div> 6180 2005-09-07T11:39:46Z Bombo 12 Lingelesi > Lingɛlɛsi <div style="float:left;border:solid #6ef7a7 1px;margin:1px;"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#c5fcdc;"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6ef7a7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt;">'''[[Lingɛlɛsi|en]]'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em;">This user is a '''[[:Category:User en-M|native]]''' speaker of '''[[:Category:User en|English]].'''[[Category:User en|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User en-M|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td> </tr></table></div> 6694 2005-11-05T13:26:48Z Moyogo 11 <div style="float:left;border:solid #6ef7a7 1px;margin:1px;"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#c5fcdc;"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6ef7a7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt;">'''[[Lingɛlɛ́sa|en]]'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em;">This user is a '''[[:Category:User en-M|native]]''' speaker of '''[[:Category:User en|English]].'''[[Category:User en|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User en-M|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td> </tr></table></div> Template:User fr 1636 5492 2005-07-22T15:24:06Z 81.134.8.164 <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''[[Französische Sprache|fr]]'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em"> Cet utilisateur a pour '''[[:Category:User fr-M|langue maternelle]]''' le '''[[:Category:User fr|français]].'''[[Category:User fr|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User fr-M|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td> </tr></table></div> 5516 2005-07-22T16:11:59Z 81.134.8.164 <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''[[Lifalansé|fr]]'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em"> Cet utilisateur a pour '''[[:Category:User fr-M|langue maternelle]]''' le '''[[:Category:User fr|français]].'''[[Category:User fr|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User fr-M|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td> </tr></table></div> Template:User als-1 1637 5493 2005-07-22T15:25:53Z 81.134.8.164 <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''als-1'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Dä Benutzer hät '''[[:Category:User als-1|grundlegendi]] [[:Category:User als|Alemannischkenntnis]]'''.[[Category:User als|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User als-1|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td> </tr></table></div> Template:User it-1 1638 5494 2005-07-22T15:27:17Z 81.134.8.164 <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''[[Italienische Sprache|it]]-1'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Questo utente può contribuire con un '''[[:Kategorie:User it|italiano]]''' di livello '''[[:Kategorie:User it-1|semplice]].'''[[Kategorie:User it|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Kategorie:User it-1|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td> </tr></table></div> 5519 2005-07-22T16:15:37Z 81.134.8.164 <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''[[Italiano|it]]-1'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Questo utente può contribuire con un '''[[:Category:User it|italiano]]''' di livello '''[[:Category:User it-1|semplice]].'''td> </tr></table></div> 6174 2005-09-07T11:32:28Z Bombo 12 <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''[[Litaliano|it]]-1'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Questo utente può contribuire con un '''[[:Category:User it|italiano]]''' di livello '''[[:Category:User it-1|semplice]].'''td> </tr></table></div> 6935 2005-11-19T08:45:55Z Hégésippe Cormier 41 réparé modèle <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''it-1'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Questo utente può contribuire con un '''[[:Category:User it|italiano]]''' di livello '''[[:Category:User it-1|semplice]].'''</td> </tr></table></div> [[Category:User it|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User it-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] Wikipedia:Babel/ln-0 1639 5495 2005-07-22T15:36:05Z 81.134.8.164 <div style="margin: 0 1em 1em 1em; padding: 0.5em; border: 1px solid #999"> ''Cette page contient des instructions simplifiées pour les utilisateurs de Wikipédia qui ne parlent pas français.<br />Le message à traduire ou adapter, pour toute nouvelle langue, est le suivant :'' <nowiki>== (langue xx) ==</nowiki> *Si vous voulez trouver des personnes qui connaissent le (langue xx), passez en revue [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur xx]]. Pour les autres langues vérifiez [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]]. * Si vous êtes un utilisateur enregistré dans la Wikipédia francophone mais que vous ne comprenez pas le français, ajoutez svp '''<nowiki>{{user fr-0}}</nowiki>''' à votre page d'utilisateur. Ce message indique – en français – que vous ne comprenez pas le français, ainsi les autres utilisateurs en seront-ils avisés. </div> {| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px; text-align: center" |- | {{User fr-0}} |} == عربي == * اذا كنت تبحث عن أشخاص، اللذين يتكلمون العربية، إقرأ [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur ar]]. لقائمة المستخدمين حسب اللغة اذهب الى [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]]. * اذا كنت قد سجلت إسمك في ويكيبيديا الفرنسية و لكنك لا تتكلم الفرنسية، ضع من فضلك هذا القالب في صفحتك: '''<nowiki>{{User fr-0}}</nowiki>''' هذه الرسالة تعني باللغة الفرنسية بأنك لا تفهم الفرنسية، لكي يعرف المستخدمون الآخرون ذلك. == Deutsch == *Wenn Du nach Personen suchst, die Deutsch sprechen, sieh in [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur de]] nach. Für andere Sprachen siehe [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]]. *Wenn Du in der französischen Wikipedia als Benutzer angemeldet bist, aber kein Französisch sprichst, füge bitte die Vorlage '''<nowiki>{{user fr-0}}</nowiki>''' in Deine Benutzerseite ein. Diese Nachricht besagt – auf Französisch – dass Du kein Französisch verstehst, damit die anderen Benutzer Bescheid wissen. == English == * If you want to find people who can speak English, browse [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur en]]. For other languages, check out [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]]. * If you are a registered user in French Wikipedia but do not understand French, please add '''<nowiki>{{user fr-0}}</nowiki>''' to your user page. This message says - in French - that you do not understand French, so the other users will be informed. == Español == * Si quieres buscar personas que hablan español, consulta [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur es]]. Para los demás idiomas, consulta [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]]. * Si eres un usuario registrado de la Wikipedia en francés y no comprendes el francés, por favor adjunta '''<nowiki>{{user fr-0}}</nowiki>''' en tu página de usuario. Esto es un mensaje que dice (en francés) que no comprendes el francés, para que los otros wikipedistas lo sepan. == Italiano == *Se desideri trovare persone che conoscono l'italiano, cerca in [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur it]]. Per le altre lingue, consulta [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]]. *Se sei un utente registrato della Wikipedia di lingua francese ma non capisci il francese, per favore aggiungi '''<nowiki>{{user fr-0}}</nowiki>''' nella tua pagina utente. Questo messaggio dice – in francese – che non capisci il francese, così che gli altri utenti possano essere avvisati. == 日本語 == *日本語を話せるユーザをお探しでしたら、カテゴリ [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur ja]] をご覧ください。他の言語を話すユーザは [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue|言語別ユーザ]]カテゴリで見ることができます。 *もし、フランス語がまったく話せない場合は、テンプレート'''<nowiki>{{user fr-0}}</nowiki>''' を利用者ページに付加してください。このテンプレートはフランス語で書かれており、あなたがフランス語を話さないことを他のユーザに伝えます。 ==한국어== *한국어를 할 줄 아는 사용자를 찾으신다면 [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur ko]] 분류를 살펴보시기 바랍니다. 다른 언어 사용자는 [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]] 분류에 있습니다. * 만약 프랑스어 위키백과에 사용자 등록은 했지만 프랑스어를 이해하지 못한다면, 사용자 페이지에 '''<nowiki>{{user fr-0}}</nowiki>'''를 추가해주세요. 여기에 써 있는 문장은 - 프랑스어로 - 당신이 프랑스어를 이해하지 못한다는 뜻으로, 다른 사용자들이 알아볼 수 있습니다. ==Nederlands== * Als je iemand zoekt die Nederlands spreekt, kijk dan in de categorie [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur nl]]. Voor andere talen, zie [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]]. * Als je een geregistreerde gebruiker van de Franse Wikipedia bent, maar geen Frans spreekt, voeg dan A.U.B. '''<nowiki>{{user fr-0}}</nowiki>''' aan je gebruikerspagina toe. Dit bericht zegt - in het Frans - dat je geen Frans spreekt, zodat de andere gebruikers hiervan op de hoogte zijn. == Português == * Se procura pessoas que saibam falar Português, consulte a [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur pt]]. Para outras línguas, consulte [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]]. * Se é um utilizador/usuário regist(r)ado na Wikipédia em Francês mas não compreende Francês, adicione a marcação '''<nowiki>{{user fr-0}}</nowiki>''' na sua página de utilizador/usuário. Este mensagem constata - em Francês - que não compreende Francês, para que os outros utilizadores possam estar alertados. == Slovenščina == * Če hočete najti ljudi, ki govorijo slovenščino, preiščite [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur sl]]. Za druge jezike, preglejte [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]]. * Če ste registriran uporabnik francoske Wikipedije, toda ne razumete francosko, prosimo, če dodate '''<nowiki>{{user fr-0}}</nowiki>''' na vašo uporabniško stran. To sporoči - v francoščini - da ne govorite francosko, tako da bodo drugi uporabniki posvarjeni. == Serbian/Српски == * Уколико желите да пронађете кориснике које причају српски, претражите [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur sr]]. За остале језике, проверите [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]]. * Уколико сте регистрован корисник на Француској Википедији а не разумете француски, молимо вас додајте '''<nowiki>{{user fr-0}}</nowiki>''' на вашу корисничку страницу. Ова порука гласи - на француском - да не разумете француски језик, тако да ће остали корисници бити обавештени о томе. == Svenska == * Om du vill hitta användare som kan svenska, se [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur sv]]. För andra språk, se [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]]. * Om du är registrerad användare på franska Wikipedia men inte förstår franska kan du lägga till '''<nowiki>{{user fr-0}}</nowiki>''' på din användarsida. Det meddelande som då visas på franska betyder att du inte förstår franska, så andra användare förstår det. == 中文 == * 假如您想尋找懂中文的用戶,請瀏覽[[:Catégorie:Utilisateur zh]](中文用戶列表)。如果您想找懂其他語言的用戶,請瀏覽[[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]](用戶按語言分類列表)。 * 如果您已經在法語維基百科註冊了,但不懂法語,請將'''<nowiki>{{user fr-0}}</nowiki>'''的模板放在您的用戶頁上。這個訊息以法語提醒其他用戶您不懂法語,他們將會嘗試以其他語言和您聯繫。 ==Bân-lâm-gú== *Siat-sú lí beh chhōe ē-hiáu kóng Hō-ló-ōe ê lâng, chhiáⁿ-lâi [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur zh-min-nan]] chit-tah. Nā-sī beh chhōe kóng kì-thaⁿ gí-giân ê lâng tiō ài-khì [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]]. *Lí nā-sī í-kēng tiàm Hoat-gí Wikipedia chia ū khui hō·-thâu--ā, m̄-ko bē-hiáu kóng Hoat-gí ē-ōe, chhiáⁿ lí chiōng '''<nowiki>{{user fr-0}}</nowiki>''' chi̍t-ê pang-bô· ka-tiàm lí-ê kò-jîn-ia̍h téng-thâu. Chit-ê pang-bô· iōng Hoat-gí siá--ê, beh thê-chhéⁿ pa̍t-lâng lí bē-hiáu Hoat-gí. [[ar:ويكيبيديا:مساعدة باللغات الأخرى]] [[de:Wikipedia:Babel/de-0]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babel/eo-0]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Baibéal/ga-0]] [[id:Wikipedia:Babel/id-0]] [[it:Wikipedia:Babel/It-0]] [[ja:Wikipedia:バベル/ja-0]] [[ko:위키백과:바벨/ko-0]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Babel/nds-0]] 5496 2005-07-22T15:38:03Z 81.134.8.164 <div style="margin: 0 1em 1em 1em; padding: 0.5em; border: 1px solid #999"> ''Cette page contient des instructions simplifiées pour les utilisateurs de Wikipédia qui ne parlent pas français.<br />Le message à traduire ou adapter, pour toute nouvelle langue, est le suivant :'' <nowiki>== (langue xx) ==</nowiki> *Si vous voulez trouver des personnes qui connaissent le (langue xx), passez en revue [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur xx]]. Pour les autres langues vérifiez [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]]. * Si vous êtes un utilisateur enregistré dans la Wikipédia francophone mais que vous ne comprenez pas le français, ajoutez svp '''<nowiki>{{user fr-0}}</nowiki>''' à votre page d'utilisateur. Ce message indique – en français – que vous ne comprenez pas le français, ainsi les autres utilisateurs en seront-ils avisés. </div> {| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px; text-align: center" |- | {{User ln-0}} |} == Deutsch == *Wenn Du nach Personen suchst, die Deutsch sprechen, sieh in [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur de]] nach. Für andere Sprachen siehe [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]]. *Wenn Du in der französischen Wikipedia als Benutzer angemeldet bist, aber kein Französisch sprichst, füge bitte die Vorlage '''<nowiki>{{user fr-0}}</nowiki>''' in Deine Benutzerseite ein. Diese Nachricht besagt – auf Französisch – dass Du kein Französisch verstehst, damit die anderen Benutzer Bescheid wissen. == English == * If you want to find people who can speak English, browse [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur en]]. For other languages, check out [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]]. * If you are a registered user in French Wikipedia but do not understand French, please add '''<nowiki>{{user fr-0}}</nowiki>''' to your user page. This message says - in French - that you do not understand French, so the other users will be informed. == عربي == * اذا كنت تبحث عن أشخاص، اللذين يتكلمون العربية، إقرأ [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur ar]]. لقائمة المستخدمين حسب اللغة اذهب الى [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]]. * اذا كنت قد سجلت إسمك في ويكيبيديا الفرنسية و لكنك لا تتكلم الفرنسية، ضع من فضلك هذا القالب في صفحتك: '''<nowiki>{{User fr-0}}</nowiki>''' هذه الرسالة تعني باللغة الفرنسية بأنك لا تفهم الفرنسية، لكي يعرف المستخدمون الآخرون ذلك. == Deutsch == *Wenn Du nach Personen suchst, die Deutsch sprechen, sieh in [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur de]] nach. Für andere Sprachen siehe [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]]. *Wenn Du in der französischen Wikipedia als Benutzer angemeldet bist, aber kein Französisch sprichst, füge bitte die Vorlage '''<nowiki>{{user fr-0}}</nowiki>''' in Deine Benutzerseite ein. Diese Nachricht besagt – auf Französisch – dass Du kein Französisch verstehst, damit die anderen Benutzer Bescheid wissen. == Español == * Si quieres buscar personas que hablan español, consulta [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur es]]. Para los demás idiomas, consulta [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]]. * Si eres un usuario registrado de la Wikipedia en francés y no comprendes el francés, por favor adjunta '''<nowiki>{{user fr-0}}</nowiki>''' en tu página de usuario. Esto es un mensaje que dice (en francés) que no comprendes el francés, para que los otros wikipedistas lo sepan. == Italiano == *Se desideri trovare persone che conoscono l'italiano, cerca in [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur it]]. Per le altre lingue, consulta [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]]. *Se sei un utente registrato della Wikipedia di lingua francese ma non capisci il francese, per favore aggiungi '''<nowiki>{{user fr-0}}</nowiki>''' nella tua pagina utente. Questo messaggio dice – in francese – che non capisci il francese, così che gli altri utenti possano essere avvisati. == 日本語 == *日本語を話せるユーザをお探しでしたら、カテゴリ [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur ja]] をご覧ください。他の言語を話すユーザは [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue|言語別ユーザ]]カテゴリで見ることができます。 *もし、フランス語がまったく話せない場合は、テンプレート'''<nowiki>{{user fr-0}}</nowiki>''' を利用者ページに付加してください。このテンプレートはフランス語で書かれており、あなたがフランス語を話さないことを他のユーザに伝えます。 ==한국어== *한국어를 할 줄 아는 사용자를 찾으신다면 [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur ko]] 분류를 살펴보시기 바랍니다. 다른 언어 사용자는 [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]] 분류에 있습니다. * 만약 프랑스어 위키백과에 사용자 등록은 했지만 프랑스어를 이해하지 못한다면, 사용자 페이지에 '''<nowiki>{{user fr-0}}</nowiki>'''를 추가해주세요. 여기에 써 있는 문장은 - 프랑스어로 - 당신이 프랑스어를 이해하지 못한다는 뜻으로, 다른 사용자들이 알아볼 수 있습니다. ==Nederlands== * Als je iemand zoekt die Nederlands spreekt, kijk dan in de categorie [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur nl]]. Voor andere talen, zie [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]]. * Als je een geregistreerde gebruiker van de Franse Wikipedia bent, maar geen Frans spreekt, voeg dan A.U.B. '''<nowiki>{{user fr-0}}</nowiki>''' aan je gebruikerspagina toe. Dit bericht zegt - in het Frans - dat je geen Frans spreekt, zodat de andere gebruikers hiervan op de hoogte zijn. == Português == * Se procura pessoas que saibam falar Português, consulte a [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur pt]]. Para outras línguas, consulte [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]]. * Se é um utilizador/usuário regist(r)ado na Wikipédia em Francês mas não compreende Francês, adicione a marcação '''<nowiki>{{user fr-0}}</nowiki>''' na sua página de utilizador/usuário. Este mensagem constata - em Francês - que não compreende Francês, para que os outros utilizadores possam estar alertados. == Slovenščina == * Če hočete najti ljudi, ki govorijo slovenščino, preiščite [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur sl]]. Za druge jezike, preglejte [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]]. * Če ste registriran uporabnik francoske Wikipedije, toda ne razumete francosko, prosimo, če dodate '''<nowiki>{{user fr-0}}</nowiki>''' na vašo uporabniško stran. To sporoči - v francoščini - da ne govorite francosko, tako da bodo drugi uporabniki posvarjeni. == Serbian/Српски == * Уколико желите да пронађете кориснике које причају српски, претражите [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur sr]]. За остале језике, проверите [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]]. * Уколико сте регистрован корисник на Француској Википедији а не разумете француски, молимо вас додајте '''<nowiki>{{user fr-0}}</nowiki>''' на вашу корисничку страницу. Ова порука гласи - на француском - да не разумете француски језик, тако да ће остали корисници бити обавештени о томе. == Svenska == * Om du vill hitta användare som kan svenska, se [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur sv]]. För andra språk, se [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]]. * Om du är registrerad användare på franska Wikipedia men inte förstår franska kan du lägga till '''<nowiki>{{user fr-0}}</nowiki>''' på din användarsida. Det meddelande som då visas på franska betyder att du inte förstår franska, så andra användare förstår det. == 中文 == * 假如您想尋找懂中文的用戶,請瀏覽[[:Catégorie:Utilisateur zh]](中文用戶列表)。如果您想找懂其他語言的用戶,請瀏覽[[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]](用戶按語言分類列表)。 * 如果您已經在法語維基百科註冊了,但不懂法語,請將'''<nowiki>{{user fr-0}}</nowiki>'''的模板放在您的用戶頁上。這個訊息以法語提醒其他用戶您不懂法語,他們將會嘗試以其他語言和您聯繫。 ==Bân-lâm-gú== *Siat-sú lí beh chhōe ē-hiáu kóng Hō-ló-ōe ê lâng, chhiáⁿ-lâi [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur zh-min-nan]] chit-tah. Nā-sī beh chhōe kóng kì-thaⁿ gí-giân ê lâng tiō ài-khì [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]]. *Lí nā-sī í-kēng tiàm Hoat-gí Wikipedia chia ū khui hō·-thâu--ā, m̄-ko bē-hiáu kóng Hoat-gí ē-ōe, chhiáⁿ lí chiōng '''<nowiki>{{user fr-0}}</nowiki>''' chi̍t-ê pang-bô· ka-tiàm lí-ê kò-jîn-ia̍h téng-thâu. Chit-ê pang-bô· iōng Hoat-gí siá--ê, beh thê-chhéⁿ pa̍t-lâng lí bē-hiáu Hoat-gí. [[ar:ويكيبيديا:مساعدة باللغات الأخرى]] [[de:Wikipedia:Babel/de-0]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babel/eo-0]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Baibéal/ga-0]] [[id:Wikipedia:Babel/id-0]] [[it:Wikipedia:Babel/It-0]] [[ja:Wikipedia:バベル/ja-0]] [[ko:위키백과:바벨/ko-0]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Babel/nds-0]] 5497 2005-07-22T15:39:41Z 81.134.8.164 /* Deutsch */ <div style="margin: 0 1em 1em 1em; padding: 0.5em; border: 1px solid #999"> ''Cette page contient des instructions simplifiées pour les utilisateurs de Wikipédia qui ne parlent pas français.<br />Le message à traduire ou adapter, pour toute nouvelle langue, est le suivant :'' <nowiki>== (langue xx) ==</nowiki> *Si vous voulez trouver des personnes qui connaissent le (langue xx), passez en revue [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur xx]]. Pour les autres langues vérifiez [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]]. * Si vous êtes un utilisateur enregistré dans la Wikipédia francophone mais que vous ne comprenez pas le français, ajoutez svp '''<nowiki>{{user fr-0}}</nowiki>''' à votre page d'utilisateur. Ce message indique – en français – que vous ne comprenez pas le français, ainsi les autres utilisateurs en seront-ils avisés. </div> {| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px; text-align: center" |- | {{User ln-0}} |} == Français == * Si vous voulez trouver des personnes qui connaissent le (langue xx), passez en revue Catégorie:Utilisateur xx. Pour les autres langues vérifiez Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue. * Si vous êtes un utilisateur enregistré dans la Wikipédia francophone mais que vous ne comprenez pas le français, ajoutez svp {{user fr-0}} à votre page d'utilisateur. Ce message indique – en français – que vous ne comprenez pas le français, ainsi les autres utilisateurs en seront-ils avisés. == English == * If you want to find people who can speak English, browse [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur en]]. For other languages, check out [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]]. * If you are a registered user in French Wikipedia but do not understand French, please add '''<nowiki>{{user fr-0}}</nowiki>''' to your user page. This message says - in French - that you do not understand French, so the other users will be informed. == عربي == * اذا كنت تبحث عن أشخاص، اللذين يتكلمون العربية، إقرأ [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur ar]]. لقائمة المستخدمين حسب اللغة اذهب الى [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]]. * اذا كنت قد سجلت إسمك في ويكيبيديا الفرنسية و لكنك لا تتكلم الفرنسية، ضع من فضلك هذا القالب في صفحتك: '''<nowiki>{{User fr-0}}</nowiki>''' هذه الرسالة تعني باللغة الفرنسية بأنك لا تفهم الفرنسية، لكي يعرف المستخدمون الآخرون ذلك. == Deutsch == *Wenn Du nach Personen suchst, die Deutsch sprechen, sieh in [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur de]] nach. Für andere Sprachen siehe [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]]. *Wenn Du in der französischen Wikipedia als Benutzer angemeldet bist, aber kein Französisch sprichst, füge bitte die Vorlage '''<nowiki>{{user fr-0}}</nowiki>''' in Deine Benutzerseite ein. Diese Nachricht besagt – auf Französisch – dass Du kein Französisch verstehst, damit die anderen Benutzer Bescheid wissen. == Español == * Si quieres buscar personas que hablan español, consulta [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur es]]. Para los demás idiomas, consulta [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]]. * Si eres un usuario registrado de la Wikipedia en francés y no comprendes el francés, por favor adjunta '''<nowiki>{{user fr-0}}</nowiki>''' en tu página de usuario. Esto es un mensaje que dice (en francés) que no comprendes el francés, para que los otros wikipedistas lo sepan. == Italiano == *Se desideri trovare persone che conoscono l'italiano, cerca in [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur it]]. Per le altre lingue, consulta [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]]. *Se sei un utente registrato della Wikipedia di lingua francese ma non capisci il francese, per favore aggiungi '''<nowiki>{{user fr-0}}</nowiki>''' nella tua pagina utente. Questo messaggio dice – in francese – che non capisci il francese, così che gli altri utenti possano essere avvisati. == 日本語 == *日本語を話せるユーザをお探しでしたら、カテゴリ [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur ja]] をご覧ください。他の言語を話すユーザは [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue|言語別ユーザ]]カテゴリで見ることができます。 *もし、フランス語がまったく話せない場合は、テンプレート'''<nowiki>{{user fr-0}}</nowiki>''' を利用者ページに付加してください。このテンプレートはフランス語で書かれており、あなたがフランス語を話さないことを他のユーザに伝えます。 ==한국어== *한국어를 할 줄 아는 사용자를 찾으신다면 [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur ko]] 분류를 살펴보시기 바랍니다. 다른 언어 사용자는 [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]] 분류에 있습니다. * 만약 프랑스어 위키백과에 사용자 등록은 했지만 프랑스어를 이해하지 못한다면, 사용자 페이지에 '''<nowiki>{{user fr-0}}</nowiki>'''를 추가해주세요. 여기에 써 있는 문장은 - 프랑스어로 - 당신이 프랑스어를 이해하지 못한다는 뜻으로, 다른 사용자들이 알아볼 수 있습니다. ==Nederlands== * Als je iemand zoekt die Nederlands spreekt, kijk dan in de categorie [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur nl]]. Voor andere talen, zie [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]]. * Als je een geregistreerde gebruiker van de Franse Wikipedia bent, maar geen Frans spreekt, voeg dan A.U.B. '''<nowiki>{{user fr-0}}</nowiki>''' aan je gebruikerspagina toe. Dit bericht zegt - in het Frans - dat je geen Frans spreekt, zodat de andere gebruikers hiervan op de hoogte zijn. == Português == * Se procura pessoas que saibam falar Português, consulte a [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur pt]]. Para outras línguas, consulte [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]]. * Se é um utilizador/usuário regist(r)ado na Wikipédia em Francês mas não compreende Francês, adicione a marcação '''<nowiki>{{user fr-0}}</nowiki>''' na sua página de utilizador/usuário. Este mensagem constata - em Francês - que não compreende Francês, para que os outros utilizadores possam estar alertados. == Slovenščina == * Če hočete najti ljudi, ki govorijo slovenščino, preiščite [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur sl]]. Za druge jezike, preglejte [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]]. * Če ste registriran uporabnik francoske Wikipedije, toda ne razumete francosko, prosimo, če dodate '''<nowiki>{{user fr-0}}</nowiki>''' na vašo uporabniško stran. To sporoči - v francoščini - da ne govorite francosko, tako da bodo drugi uporabniki posvarjeni. == Serbian/Српски == * Уколико желите да пронађете кориснике које причају српски, претражите [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur sr]]. За остале језике, проверите [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]]. * Уколико сте регистрован корисник на Француској Википедији а не разумете француски, молимо вас додајте '''<nowiki>{{user fr-0}}</nowiki>''' на вашу корисничку страницу. Ова порука гласи - на француском - да не разумете француски језик, тако да ће остали корисници бити обавештени о томе. == Svenska == * Om du vill hitta användare som kan svenska, se [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur sv]]. För andra språk, se [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]]. * Om du är registrerad användare på franska Wikipedia men inte förstår franska kan du lägga till '''<nowiki>{{user fr-0}}</nowiki>''' på din användarsida. Det meddelande som då visas på franska betyder att du inte förstår franska, så andra användare förstår det. == 中文 == * 假如您想尋找懂中文的用戶,請瀏覽[[:Catégorie:Utilisateur zh]](中文用戶列表)。如果您想找懂其他語言的用戶,請瀏覽[[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]](用戶按語言分類列表)。 * 如果您已經在法語維基百科註冊了,但不懂法語,請將'''<nowiki>{{user fr-0}}</nowiki>'''的模板放在您的用戶頁上。這個訊息以法語提醒其他用戶您不懂法語,他們將會嘗試以其他語言和您聯繫。 ==Bân-lâm-gú== *Siat-sú lí beh chhōe ē-hiáu kóng Hō-ló-ōe ê lâng, chhiáⁿ-lâi [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur zh-min-nan]] chit-tah. Nā-sī beh chhōe kóng kì-thaⁿ gí-giân ê lâng tiō ài-khì [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]]. *Lí nā-sī í-kēng tiàm Hoat-gí Wikipedia chia ū khui hō·-thâu--ā, m̄-ko bē-hiáu kóng Hoat-gí ē-ōe, chhiáⁿ lí chiōng '''<nowiki>{{user fr-0}}</nowiki>''' chi̍t-ê pang-bô· ka-tiàm lí-ê kò-jîn-ia̍h téng-thâu. Chit-ê pang-bô· iōng Hoat-gí siá--ê, beh thê-chhéⁿ pa̍t-lâng lí bē-hiáu Hoat-gí. [[ar:ويكيبيديا:مساعدة باللغات الأخرى]] [[de:Wikipedia:Babel/de-0]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babel/eo-0]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Baibéal/ga-0]] [[id:Wikipedia:Babel/id-0]] [[it:Wikipedia:Babel/It-0]] [[ja:Wikipedia:バベル/ja-0]] [[ko:위키백과:바벨/ko-0]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Babel/nds-0]] 5498 2005-07-22T15:47:06Z 81.134.8.164 <div style="margin: 0 1em 1em 1em; padding: 0.5em; border: 1px solid #999"> ''Cette page contient des instructions simplifiées pour les utilisateurs de Wikipédia qui ne parlent pas lingalá.<br />Le message à traduire ou adapter, pour toute nouvelle langue, est le suivant :'' <nowiki>== (langue xx) ==</nowiki> *Si vous voulez trouver des personnes qui connaissent le (langue xx), passez en revue [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur xx]]. Pour les autres langues vérifiez [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]]. * Si vous êtes un utilisateur enregistré dans la Wikipédia lingalá mais que vous ne comprenez pas le lingalá, ajoutez svp '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' à votre page d'utilisateur. Ce message indique – en lingalá – que vous ne comprenez pas le lingalá, ainsi les autres utilisateurs en seront-ils avisés. </div> {| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px; text-align: center" |- | {{User ln-0}} |} == Français == lingalá * Si vous voulez trouver des personnes qui connaissent le français, passez en revue Catégorie:Utilisateur fr. Pour les autres langues vérifiez Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue. * Si vous êtes un utilisateur enregistré dans la Wikipédia lingalá mais que vous ne comprenez pas le lingalá, ajoutez svp {{user ln-0}} à votre page d'utilisateur. Ce message indique – en lingalá – que vous ne comprenez pas le lingalá, ainsi les autres utilisateurs en seront-ils avisés. == English == * If you want to find people who can speak English, browse [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur en]]. For other languages, check out [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]]. * If you are a registered user in Lingalá Wikipedia but do not understand Lingalá, please add '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' to your user page. This message says - in Lingalá - that you do not understand Lingalá, so the other users will be informed. == Deutsch == *Wenn Du nach Personen suchst, die Deutsch sprechen, sieh in [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur de]] nach. Für andere Sprachen siehe [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]]. *Wenn Du in der Lingalá-Wikipedia als Benutzer angemeldet bist, aber kein Lingalá sprichst, füge bitte die Vorlage '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' in Deine Benutzerseite ein. Diese Nachricht besagt – auf Lingalá – dass Du kein Lingalá verstehst, damit die anderen Benutzer Bescheid wissen. == Español == * Si quieres buscar personas que hablan español, consulta [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur es]]. Para los demás idiomas, consulta [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]]. * Si eres un usuario registrado de la Wikipedia en lingalá y no comprendes el lingalá, por favor adjunta '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' en tu página de usuario. Esto es un mensaje que dice (en lingalá) que no comprendes el lingalá, para que los otros wikipedistas lo sepan. == Italiano == *Se desideri trovare persone che conoscono l'italiano, cerca in [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur it]]. Per le altre lingue, consulta [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]]. *Se sei un utente registrato della Wikipedia di lingua lingalá ma non capisci il lingalá, per favore aggiungi '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' nella tua pagina utente. Questo messaggio dice – in lingalá – che non capisci il lingalá, così che gli altri utenti possano essere avvisati. ==Nederlands== * Als je iemand zoekt die Nederlands spreekt, kijk dan in de categorie [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur nl]]. Voor andere talen, zie [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]]. * Als je een geregistreerde gebruiker van de Lingalá Wikipedia bent, maar geen Lingalá spreekt, voeg dan A.U.B. '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' aan je gebruikerspagina toe. Dit bericht zegt - in het Lingalá - dat je geen Lingalá spreekt, zodat de andere gebruikers hiervan op de hoogte zijn. == Português == * Se procura pessoas que saibam falar Português, consulte a [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur pt]]. Para outras línguas, consulte [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]]. * Se é um utilizador/usuário regist(r)ado na Wikipédia em Lingalá mas não compreende Lingalá, adicione a marcação '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' na sua página de utilizador/usuário. Este mensagem constata - em Lingalá - que não compreende Lingalá , para que os outros utilizadores possam estar alertados. == Svenska == * Om du vill hitta användare som kan svenska, se [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur sv]]. För andra språk, se [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]]. * Om du är registrerad användare på Lingalá Wikipedia men inte förstår Lingalá kan du lägga till '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' på din användarsida. Det meddelande som då visas på Lingalá betyder att du inte förstår Lingalá, så andra användare förstår det. [[ar:ويكيبيديا:مساعدة باللغات الأخرى]] [[de:Wikipedia:Babel/de-0]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babel/eo-0]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Baibéal/ga-0]] [[id:Wikipedia:Babel/id-0]] [[it:Wikipedia:Babel/It-0]] [[ja:Wikipedia:バベル/ja-0]] [[ko:위키백과:바벨/ko-0]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Babel/nds-0]] 5499 2005-07-22T15:50:57Z 81.134.8.164 <div style="margin: 0 1em 1em 1em; padding: 0.5em; border: 1px solid #999"> ''SI VOUS PARLEZ LE LINGALA, VEUILLEZ TRADUIRE CET ENCADRE DANS VOTRE LANGUE S'IL VOUS PLAIT.<br />Cette page contient des instructions simplifiées pour les utilisateurs de Wikipédia qui ne parlent pas lingalá.<br />Le message à traduire ou adapter, pour toute nouvelle langue, est le suivant :'' <nowiki>== (langue xx) ==</nowiki> *Si vous voulez trouver des personnes qui connaissent le (langue xx), passez en revue [[:Catégorie:Utilisateur xx]]. Pour les autres langues vérifiez [[:Catégorie:Wikipédiens par langue]]. * Si vous êtes un utilisateur enregistré dans la Wikipédia lingalá mais que vous ne comprenez pas le lingalá, ajoutez svp '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' à votre page d'utilisateur. Ce message indique – en lingalá – que vous ne comprenez pas le lingalá, ainsi les autres utilisateurs en seront-ils avisés. </div> {| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px; text-align: center" |- | {{User ln-0}} |} == Français == * Si vous voulez trouver des personnes qui connaissent le français, passez en revue [[:Category:User fr]]. Pour les autres langues vérifiez [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. * Si vous êtes un utilisateur enregistré dans la Wikipédia lingalá mais que vous ne comprenez pas le lingalá, ajoutez svp {{user ln-0}} à votre page d'utilisateur. Ce message indique – en lingalá – que vous ne comprenez pas le lingalá, ainsi les autres utilisateurs en seront-ils avisés. == English == * If you want to find people who can speak English, browse [[:Category:User en]]. For other languages, check out [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. * If you are a registered user in Lingalá Wikipedia but do not understand Lingalá, please add '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' to your user page. This message says - in Lingalá - that you do not understand Lingalá, so the other users will be informed. == Deutsch == *Wenn Du nach Personen suchst, die Deutsch sprechen, sieh in [[:Category:User de]] nach. Für andere Sprachen siehe [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. *Wenn Du in der Lingalá-Wikipedia als Benutzer angemeldet bist, aber kein Lingalá sprichst, füge bitte die Vorlage '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' in Deine Benutzerseite ein. Diese Nachricht besagt – auf Lingalá – dass Du kein Lingalá verstehst, damit die anderen Benutzer Bescheid wissen. == Español == * Si quieres buscar personas que hablan español, consulta [[:Category:User es]]. Para los demás idiomas, consulta [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. * Si eres un usuario registrado de la Wikipedia en lingalá y no comprendes el lingalá, por favor adjunta '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' en tu página de usuario. Esto es un mensaje que dice (en lingalá) que no comprendes el lingalá, para que los otros wikipedistas lo sepan. == Italiano == *Se desideri trovare persone che conoscono l'italiano, cerca in [[:Category:User it]]. Per le altre lingue, consulta [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. *Se sei un utente registrato della Wikipedia di lingua lingalá ma non capisci il lingalá, per favore aggiungi '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' nella tua pagina utente. Questo messaggio dice – in lingalá – che non capisci il lingalá, così che gli altri utenti possano essere avvisati. ==Nederlands== * Als je iemand zoekt die Nederlands spreekt, kijk dan in de categorie [[:Category:User nl]]. Voor andere talen, zie [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. * Als je een geregistreerde gebruiker van de Lingalá Wikipedia bent, maar geen Lingalá spreekt, voeg dan A.U.B. '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' aan je gebruikerspagina toe. Dit bericht zegt - in het Lingalá - dat je geen Lingalá spreekt, zodat de andere gebruikers hiervan op de hoogte zijn. == Português == * Se procura pessoas que saibam falar Português, consulte a [[:Category:User pt]]. Para outras línguas, consulte [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. * Se é um utilizador/usuário regist(r)ado na Wikipédia em Lingalá mas não compreende Lingalá, adicione a marcação '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' na sua página de utilizador/usuário. Este mensagem constata - em Lingalá - que não compreende Lingalá , para que os outros utilizadores possam estar alertados. == Svenska == * Om du vill hitta användare som kan svenska, se [[:Category:User sv]]. För andra språk, se [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. * Om du är registrerad användare på Lingalá Wikipedia men inte förstår Lingalá kan du lägga till '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' på din användarsida. Det meddelande som då visas på Lingalá betyder att du inte förstår Lingalá, så andra användare förstår det. [[ar:ويكيبيديا:مساعدة باللغات الأخرى]] [[de:Wikipedia:Babel/de-0]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babel/eo-0]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Baibéal/ga-0]] [[id:Wikipedia:Babel/id-0]] [[it:Wikipedia:Babel/It-0]] [[ja:Wikipedia:バベル/ja-0]] [[ko:위키백과:바벨/ko-0]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Babel/nds-0]] 5500 2005-07-22T15:52:41Z 81.134.8.164 <div style="margin: 0 1em 1em 1em; padding: 0.5em; border: 1px solid #999"> ''SI VOUS PARLEZ LE LINGALA, VEUILLEZ TRADUIRE CET ENCADRE DANS VOTRE LANGUE S'IL VOUS PLAIT.<br />Cette page contient des instructions simplifiées pour les utilisateurs de Wikipédia qui ne parlent pas lingalá.<br />Le message à traduire ou adapter, pour toute nouvelle langue, est le suivant :'' <nowiki>== (langue xx) ==</nowiki> *Si vous voulez trouver des personnes qui connaissent le (langue xx), passez en revue [[:Category:User xx]]. Pour les autres langues vérifiez [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. * Si vous êtes un utilisateur enregistré dans la Wikipédia lingalá mais que vous ne comprenez pas le lingalá, ajoutez svp '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' à votre page d'utilisateur. Ce message indique – en lingalá – que vous ne comprenez pas le lingalá, ainsi les autres utilisateurs en seront-ils avisés. </div> {| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px; text-align: center" |- | {{User ln-0}} |} == Français == * Si vous voulez trouver des personnes qui connaissent le français, passez en revue [[:Category:User fr]]. Pour les autres langues vérifiez [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. * Si vous êtes un utilisateur enregistré dans la Wikipédia lingalá mais que vous ne comprenez pas le lingalá, ajoutez svp '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' à votre page d'utilisateur. Ce message indique – en lingalá – que vous ne comprenez pas le lingalá, ainsi les autres utilisateurs en seront-ils avisés. == English == * If you want to find people who can speak English, browse [[:Category:User en]]. For other languages, check out [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. * If you are a registered user in Lingalá Wikipedia but do not understand Lingalá, please add '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' to your user page. This message says - in Lingalá - that you do not understand Lingalá, so the other users will be informed. == Deutsch == *Wenn Du nach Personen suchst, die Deutsch sprechen, sieh in [[:Category:User de]] nach. Für andere Sprachen siehe [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. *Wenn Du in der Lingalá-Wikipedia als Benutzer angemeldet bist, aber kein Lingalá sprichst, füge bitte die Vorlage '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' in Deine Benutzerseite ein. Diese Nachricht besagt – auf Lingalá – dass Du kein Lingalá verstehst, damit die anderen Benutzer Bescheid wissen. == Español == * Si quieres buscar personas que hablan español, consulta [[:Category:User es]]. Para los demás idiomas, consulta [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. * Si eres un usuario registrado de la Wikipedia en lingalá y no comprendes el lingalá, por favor adjunta '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' en tu página de usuario. Esto es un mensaje que dice (en lingalá) que no comprendes el lingalá, para que los otros wikipedistas lo sepan. == Italiano == *Se desideri trovare persone che conoscono l'italiano, cerca in [[:Category:User it]]. Per le altre lingue, consulta [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. *Se sei un utente registrato della Wikipedia di lingua lingalá ma non capisci il lingalá, per favore aggiungi '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' nella tua pagina utente. Questo messaggio dice – in lingalá – che non capisci il lingalá, così che gli altri utenti possano essere avvisati. ==Nederlands== * Als je iemand zoekt die Nederlands spreekt, kijk dan in de categorie [[:Category:User nl]]. Voor andere talen, zie [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. * Als je een geregistreerde gebruiker van de Lingalá Wikipedia bent, maar geen Lingalá spreekt, voeg dan A.U.B. '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' aan je gebruikerspagina toe. Dit bericht zegt - in het Lingalá - dat je geen Lingalá spreekt, zodat de andere gebruikers hiervan op de hoogte zijn. == Português == * Se procura pessoas que saibam falar Português, consulte a [[:Category:User pt]]. Para outras línguas, consulte [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. * Se é um utilizador/usuário regist(r)ado na Wikipédia em Lingalá mas não compreende Lingalá, adicione a marcação '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' na sua página de utilizador/usuário. Este mensagem constata - em Lingalá - que não compreende Lingalá , para que os outros utilizadores possam estar alertados. == Svenska == * Om du vill hitta användare som kan svenska, se [[:Category:User sv]]. För andra språk, se [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. * Om du är registrerad användare på Lingalá Wikipedia men inte förstår Lingalá kan du lägga till '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' på din användarsida. Det meddelande som då visas på Lingalá betyder att du inte förstår Lingalá, så andra användare förstår det. [[ar:ويكيبيديا:مساعدة باللغات الأخرى]] [[de:Wikipedia:Babel/de-0]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babel/eo-0]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Baibéal/ga-0]] [[id:Wikipedia:Babel/id-0]] [[it:Wikipedia:Babel/It-0]] [[ja:Wikipedia:バベル/ja-0]] [[ko:위키백과:바벨/ko-0]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Babel/nds-0]] 6667 2005-11-05T04:20:38Z Blockinblox 38 Wikipédia:Babel/fr-0 moved to Wikipedia:Babel/fr-0 <div style="margin: 0 1em 1em 1em; padding: 0.5em; border: 1px solid #999"> ''SI VOUS PARLEZ LE LINGALA, VEUILLEZ TRADUIRE CET ENCADRE DANS VOTRE LANGUE S'IL VOUS PLAIT.<br />Cette page contient des instructions simplifiées pour les utilisateurs de Wikipédia qui ne parlent pas lingalá.<br />Le message à traduire ou adapter, pour toute nouvelle langue, est le suivant :'' <nowiki>== (langue xx) ==</nowiki> *Si vous voulez trouver des personnes qui connaissent le (langue xx), passez en revue [[:Category:User xx]]. Pour les autres langues vérifiez [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. * Si vous êtes un utilisateur enregistré dans la Wikipédia lingalá mais que vous ne comprenez pas le lingalá, ajoutez svp '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' à votre page d'utilisateur. Ce message indique – en lingalá – que vous ne comprenez pas le lingalá, ainsi les autres utilisateurs en seront-ils avisés. </div> {| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px; text-align: center" |- | {{User ln-0}} |} == Français == * Si vous voulez trouver des personnes qui connaissent le français, passez en revue [[:Category:User fr]]. Pour les autres langues vérifiez [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. * Si vous êtes un utilisateur enregistré dans la Wikipédia lingalá mais que vous ne comprenez pas le lingalá, ajoutez svp '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' à votre page d'utilisateur. Ce message indique – en lingalá – que vous ne comprenez pas le lingalá, ainsi les autres utilisateurs en seront-ils avisés. == English == * If you want to find people who can speak English, browse [[:Category:User en]]. For other languages, check out [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. * If you are a registered user in Lingalá Wikipedia but do not understand Lingalá, please add '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' to your user page. This message says - in Lingalá - that you do not understand Lingalá, so the other users will be informed. == Deutsch == *Wenn Du nach Personen suchst, die Deutsch sprechen, sieh in [[:Category:User de]] nach. Für andere Sprachen siehe [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. *Wenn Du in der Lingalá-Wikipedia als Benutzer angemeldet bist, aber kein Lingalá sprichst, füge bitte die Vorlage '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' in Deine Benutzerseite ein. Diese Nachricht besagt – auf Lingalá – dass Du kein Lingalá verstehst, damit die anderen Benutzer Bescheid wissen. == Español == * Si quieres buscar personas que hablan español, consulta [[:Category:User es]]. Para los demás idiomas, consulta [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. * Si eres un usuario registrado de la Wikipedia en lingalá y no comprendes el lingalá, por favor adjunta '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' en tu página de usuario. Esto es un mensaje que dice (en lingalá) que no comprendes el lingalá, para que los otros wikipedistas lo sepan. == Italiano == *Se desideri trovare persone che conoscono l'italiano, cerca in [[:Category:User it]]. Per le altre lingue, consulta [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. *Se sei un utente registrato della Wikipedia di lingua lingalá ma non capisci il lingalá, per favore aggiungi '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' nella tua pagina utente. Questo messaggio dice – in lingalá – che non capisci il lingalá, così che gli altri utenti possano essere avvisati. ==Nederlands== * Als je iemand zoekt die Nederlands spreekt, kijk dan in de categorie [[:Category:User nl]]. Voor andere talen, zie [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. * Als je een geregistreerde gebruiker van de Lingalá Wikipedia bent, maar geen Lingalá spreekt, voeg dan A.U.B. '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' aan je gebruikerspagina toe. Dit bericht zegt - in het Lingalá - dat je geen Lingalá spreekt, zodat de andere gebruikers hiervan op de hoogte zijn. == Português == * Se procura pessoas que saibam falar Português, consulte a [[:Category:User pt]]. Para outras línguas, consulte [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. * Se é um utilizador/usuário regist(r)ado na Wikipédia em Lingalá mas não compreende Lingalá, adicione a marcação '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' na sua página de utilizador/usuário. Este mensagem constata - em Lingalá - que não compreende Lingalá , para que os outros utilizadores possam estar alertados. == Svenska == * Om du vill hitta användare som kan svenska, se [[:Category:User sv]]. För andra språk, se [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. * Om du är registrerad användare på Lingalá Wikipedia men inte förstår Lingalá kan du lägga till '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' på din användarsida. Det meddelande som då visas på Lingalá betyder att du inte förstår Lingalá, så andra användare förstår det. [[ar:ويكيبيديا:مساعدة باللغات الأخرى]] [[de:Wikipedia:Babel/de-0]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babel/eo-0]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Baibéal/ga-0]] [[id:Wikipedia:Babel/id-0]] [[it:Wikipedia:Babel/It-0]] [[ja:Wikipedia:バベル/ja-0]] [[ko:위키백과:바벨/ko-0]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Babel/nds-0]] 7595 2006-01-10T11:09:24Z Bombo 12 [[Wikipedia:Babel/fr-0]] moved to [[Wikipedia:Babel/ln-0]] <div style="margin: 0 1em 1em 1em; padding: 0.5em; border: 1px solid #999"> ''SI VOUS PARLEZ LE LINGALA, VEUILLEZ TRADUIRE CET ENCADRE DANS VOTRE LANGUE S'IL VOUS PLAIT.<br />Cette page contient des instructions simplifiées pour les utilisateurs de Wikipédia qui ne parlent pas lingalá.<br />Le message à traduire ou adapter, pour toute nouvelle langue, est le suivant :'' <nowiki>== (langue xx) ==</nowiki> *Si vous voulez trouver des personnes qui connaissent le (langue xx), passez en revue [[:Category:User xx]]. Pour les autres langues vérifiez [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. * Si vous êtes un utilisateur enregistré dans la Wikipédia lingalá mais que vous ne comprenez pas le lingalá, ajoutez svp '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' à votre page d'utilisateur. Ce message indique – en lingalá – que vous ne comprenez pas le lingalá, ainsi les autres utilisateurs en seront-ils avisés. </div> {| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px; text-align: center" |- | {{User ln-0}} |} == Français == * Si vous voulez trouver des personnes qui connaissent le français, passez en revue [[:Category:User fr]]. Pour les autres langues vérifiez [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. * Si vous êtes un utilisateur enregistré dans la Wikipédia lingalá mais que vous ne comprenez pas le lingalá, ajoutez svp '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' à votre page d'utilisateur. Ce message indique – en lingalá – que vous ne comprenez pas le lingalá, ainsi les autres utilisateurs en seront-ils avisés. == English == * If you want to find people who can speak English, browse [[:Category:User en]]. For other languages, check out [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. * If you are a registered user in Lingalá Wikipedia but do not understand Lingalá, please add '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' to your user page. This message says - in Lingalá - that you do not understand Lingalá, so the other users will be informed. == Deutsch == *Wenn Du nach Personen suchst, die Deutsch sprechen, sieh in [[:Category:User de]] nach. Für andere Sprachen siehe [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. *Wenn Du in der Lingalá-Wikipedia als Benutzer angemeldet bist, aber kein Lingalá sprichst, füge bitte die Vorlage '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' in Deine Benutzerseite ein. Diese Nachricht besagt – auf Lingalá – dass Du kein Lingalá verstehst, damit die anderen Benutzer Bescheid wissen. == Español == * Si quieres buscar personas que hablan español, consulta [[:Category:User es]]. Para los demás idiomas, consulta [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. * Si eres un usuario registrado de la Wikipedia en lingalá y no comprendes el lingalá, por favor adjunta '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' en tu página de usuario. Esto es un mensaje que dice (en lingalá) que no comprendes el lingalá, para que los otros wikipedistas lo sepan. == Italiano == *Se desideri trovare persone che conoscono l'italiano, cerca in [[:Category:User it]]. Per le altre lingue, consulta [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. *Se sei un utente registrato della Wikipedia di lingua lingalá ma non capisci il lingalá, per favore aggiungi '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' nella tua pagina utente. Questo messaggio dice – in lingalá – che non capisci il lingalá, così che gli altri utenti possano essere avvisati. ==Nederlands== * Als je iemand zoekt die Nederlands spreekt, kijk dan in de categorie [[:Category:User nl]]. Voor andere talen, zie [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. * Als je een geregistreerde gebruiker van de Lingalá Wikipedia bent, maar geen Lingalá spreekt, voeg dan A.U.B. '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' aan je gebruikerspagina toe. Dit bericht zegt - in het Lingalá - dat je geen Lingalá spreekt, zodat de andere gebruikers hiervan op de hoogte zijn. == Português == * Se procura pessoas que saibam falar Português, consulte a [[:Category:User pt]]. Para outras línguas, consulte [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. * Se é um utilizador/usuário regist(r)ado na Wikipédia em Lingalá mas não compreende Lingalá, adicione a marcação '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' na sua página de utilizador/usuário. Este mensagem constata - em Lingalá - que não compreende Lingalá , para que os outros utilizadores possam estar alertados. == Svenska == * Om du vill hitta användare som kan svenska, se [[:Category:User sv]]. För andra språk, se [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. * Om du är registrerad användare på Lingalá Wikipedia men inte förstår Lingalá kan du lägga till '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' på din användarsida. Det meddelande som då visas på Lingalá betyder att du inte förstår Lingalá, så andra användare förstår det. [[ar:ويكيبيديا:مساعدة باللغات الأخرى]] [[de:Wikipedia:Babel/de-0]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babel/eo-0]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Baibéal/ga-0]] [[id:Wikipedia:Babel/id-0]] [[it:Wikipedia:Babel/It-0]] [[ja:Wikipedia:バベル/ja-0]] [[ko:위키백과:바벨/ko-0]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Babel/nds-0]] 7597 2006-01-10T11:11:23Z Bombo 12 interwiki fr <div style="margin: 0 1em 1em 1em; padding: 0.5em; border: 1px solid #999"> ''SI VOUS PARLEZ LE LINGALA, VEUILLEZ TRADUIRE CET ENCADRE DANS VOTRE LANGUE S'IL VOUS PLAIT.<br />Cette page contient des instructions simplifiées pour les utilisateurs de Wikipédia qui ne parlent pas lingalá.<br />Le message à traduire ou adapter, pour toute nouvelle langue, est le suivant :'' <nowiki>== (langue xx) ==</nowiki> *Si vous voulez trouver des personnes qui connaissent le (langue xx), passez en revue [[:Category:User xx]]. Pour les autres langues vérifiez [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. * Si vous êtes un utilisateur enregistré dans la Wikipédia lingalá mais que vous ne comprenez pas le lingalá, ajoutez svp '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' à votre page d'utilisateur. Ce message indique – en lingalá – que vous ne comprenez pas le lingalá, ainsi les autres utilisateurs en seront-ils avisés. </div> {| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px; text-align: center" |- | {{User ln-0}} |} == Français == * Si vous voulez trouver des personnes qui connaissent le français, passez en revue [[:Category:User fr]]. Pour les autres langues vérifiez [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. * Si vous êtes un utilisateur enregistré dans la Wikipédia lingalá mais que vous ne comprenez pas le lingalá, ajoutez svp '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' à votre page d'utilisateur. Ce message indique – en lingalá – que vous ne comprenez pas le lingalá, ainsi les autres utilisateurs en seront-ils avisés. == English == * If you want to find people who can speak English, browse [[:Category:User en]]. For other languages, check out [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. * If you are a registered user in Lingalá Wikipedia but do not understand Lingalá, please add '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' to your user page. This message says - in Lingalá - that you do not understand Lingalá, so the other users will be informed. == Deutsch == *Wenn Du nach Personen suchst, die Deutsch sprechen, sieh in [[:Category:User de]] nach. Für andere Sprachen siehe [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. *Wenn Du in der Lingalá-Wikipedia als Benutzer angemeldet bist, aber kein Lingalá sprichst, füge bitte die Vorlage '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' in Deine Benutzerseite ein. Diese Nachricht besagt – auf Lingalá – dass Du kein Lingalá verstehst, damit die anderen Benutzer Bescheid wissen. == Español == * Si quieres buscar personas que hablan español, consulta [[:Category:User es]]. Para los demás idiomas, consulta [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. * Si eres un usuario registrado de la Wikipedia en lingalá y no comprendes el lingalá, por favor adjunta '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' en tu página de usuario. Esto es un mensaje que dice (en lingalá) que no comprendes el lingalá, para que los otros wikipedistas lo sepan. == Italiano == *Se desideri trovare persone che conoscono l'italiano, cerca in [[:Category:User it]]. Per le altre lingue, consulta [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. *Se sei un utente registrato della Wikipedia di lingua lingalá ma non capisci il lingalá, per favore aggiungi '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' nella tua pagina utente. Questo messaggio dice – in lingalá – che non capisci il lingalá, così che gli altri utenti possano essere avvisati. ==Nederlands== * Als je iemand zoekt die Nederlands spreekt, kijk dan in de categorie [[:Category:User nl]]. Voor andere talen, zie [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. * Als je een geregistreerde gebruiker van de Lingalá Wikipedia bent, maar geen Lingalá spreekt, voeg dan A.U.B. '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' aan je gebruikerspagina toe. Dit bericht zegt - in het Lingalá - dat je geen Lingalá spreekt, zodat de andere gebruikers hiervan op de hoogte zijn. == Português == * Se procura pessoas que saibam falar Português, consulte a [[:Category:User pt]]. Para outras línguas, consulte [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. * Se é um utilizador/usuário regist(r)ado na Wikipédia em Lingalá mas não compreende Lingalá, adicione a marcação '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' na sua página de utilizador/usuário. Este mensagem constata - em Lingalá - que não compreende Lingalá , para que os outros utilizadores possam estar alertados. == Svenska == * Om du vill hitta användare som kan svenska, se [[:Category:User sv]]. För andra språk, se [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. * Om du är registrerad användare på Lingalá Wikipedia men inte förstår Lingalá kan du lägga till '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' på din användarsida. Det meddelande som då visas på Lingalá betyder att du inte förstår Lingalá, så andra användare förstår det. [[ar:ويكيبيديا:مساعدة باللغات الأخرى]] [[de:Wikipedia:Babel/de-0]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babel/eo-0]] [[fr:Wikipedia:Babel/fr-0]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Baibéal/ga-0]] [[id:Wikipedia:Babel/id-0]] [[it:Wikipedia:Babel/It-0]] [[ja:Wikipedia:バベル/ja-0]] [[ko:위키백과:바벨/ko-0]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Babel/nds-0]] 7600 2006-01-10T11:29:38Z Bombo 12 /* Svenska */ +ca +eo <div style="margin: 0 1em 1em 1em; padding: 0.5em; border: 1px solid #999"> ''SI VOUS PARLEZ LE LINGALA, VEUILLEZ TRADUIRE CET ENCADRE DANS VOTRE LANGUE S'IL VOUS PLAIT.<br />Cette page contient des instructions simplifiées pour les utilisateurs de Wikipédia qui ne parlent pas lingalá.<br />Le message à traduire ou adapter, pour toute nouvelle langue, est le suivant :'' <nowiki>== (langue xx) ==</nowiki> *Si vous voulez trouver des personnes qui connaissent le (langue xx), passez en revue [[:Category:User xx]]. Pour les autres langues vérifiez [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. * Si vous êtes un utilisateur enregistré dans la Wikipédia lingalá mais que vous ne comprenez pas le lingalá, ajoutez svp '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' à votre page d'utilisateur. Ce message indique – en lingalá – que vous ne comprenez pas le lingalá, ainsi les autres utilisateurs en seront-ils avisés. </div> {| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px; text-align: center" |- | {{User ln-0}} |} == Français == * Si vous voulez trouver des personnes qui connaissent le français, passez en revue [[:Category:User fr]]. Pour les autres langues vérifiez [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. * Si vous êtes un utilisateur enregistré dans la Wikipédia lingalá mais que vous ne comprenez pas le lingalá, ajoutez svp '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' à votre page d'utilisateur. Ce message indique – en lingalá – que vous ne comprenez pas le lingalá, ainsi les autres utilisateurs en seront-ils avisés. == English == * If you want to find people who can speak English, browse [[:Category:User en]]. For other languages, check out [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. * If you are a registered user in Lingalá Wikipedia but do not understand Lingalá, please add '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' to your user page. This message says - in Lingalá - that you do not understand Lingalá, so the other users will be informed. == Deutsch == *Wenn Du nach Personen suchst, die Deutsch sprechen, sieh in [[:Category:User de]] nach. Für andere Sprachen siehe [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. *Wenn Du in der Lingalá-Wikipedia als Benutzer angemeldet bist, aber kein Lingalá sprichst, füge bitte die Vorlage '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' in Deine Benutzerseite ein. Diese Nachricht besagt – auf Lingalá – dass Du kein Lingalá verstehst, damit die anderen Benutzer Bescheid wissen. == Español == * Si quieres buscar personas que hablan español, consulta [[:Category:User es]]. Para los demás idiomas, consulta [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. * Si eres un usuario registrado de la Wikipedia en lingalá y no comprendes el lingalá, por favor adjunta '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' en tu página de usuario. Esto es un mensaje que dice (en lingalá) que no comprendes el lingalá, para que los otros wikipedistas lo sepan. == Italiano == *Se desideri trovare persone che conoscono l'italiano, cerca in [[:Category:User it]]. Per le altre lingue, consulta [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. *Se sei un utente registrato della Wikipedia di lingua lingalá ma non capisci il lingalá, per favore aggiungi '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' nella tua pagina utente. Questo messaggio dice – in lingalá – che non capisci il lingalá, così che gli altri utenti possano essere avvisati. ==Nederlands== * Als je iemand zoekt die Nederlands spreekt, kijk dan in de categorie [[:Category:User nl]]. Voor andere talen, zie [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. * Als je een geregistreerde gebruiker van de Lingalá Wikipedia bent, maar geen Lingalá spreekt, voeg dan A.U.B. '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' aan je gebruikerspagina toe. Dit bericht zegt - in het Lingalá - dat je geen Lingalá spreekt, zodat de andere gebruikers hiervan op de hoogte zijn. == Português == * Se procura pessoas que saibam falar Português, consulte a [[:Category:User pt]]. Para outras línguas, consulte [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. * Se é um utilizador/usuário regist(r)ado na Wikipédia em Lingalá mas não compreende Lingalá, adicione a marcação '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' na sua página de utilizador/usuário. Este mensagem constata - em Lingalá - que não compreende Lingalá , para que os outros utilizadores possam estar alertados. == Svenska == * Om du vill hitta användare som kan svenska, se [[:Category:User sv]]. För andra språk, se [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. * Om du är registrerad användare på Lingála Wikipedia men inte förstår Lingála kan du lägga till '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' på din användarsida. Det meddelande som då visas på Lingalá betyder att du inte förstår Lingála, så andra användare förstår det. == Català == * Si vols cercar persones que parlin amb català, consulta [[:Category:User ca]]. Per mes idiomes, consulta [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. * Si ets un usuari registrat de la Wikipedia en Lingála i no entens el Lingála, sis-plau posa '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' a la teva pàgina de usuari. Aquest es un missatge que diu (en Lingála) que no entens el Lingála, per que els demés wikipedistes hu sàpiguen. ==Esperanto== * Se vi serĉas iun kiu parolas esperante, traserĉu [[:Category:User eo]]. Por aliaj lingvoj bonvolu esplori je [[:Category:Wikipediens par langue]]. * Se vi ensalutis en la lingálingva vikipedio sed ne komprenas la Lingála lingvon, bonvolu aldoni '''<nowiki>{{user ln-0}}</nowiki>''' en vian uzulan paĝon. Ĉi mesaĝo informas Lingálingve la aliajn uzulojn ke vi ne komprenas la Lingála. [[ar:ويكيبيديا:مساعدة باللغات الأخرى]] [[de:Wikipedia:Babel/de-0]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babel/eo-0]] [[fr:Wikipedia:Babel/fr-0]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Baibéal/ga-0]] [[id:Wikipedia:Babel/id-0]] [[it:Wikipedia:Babel/It-0]] [[ja:Wikipedia:バベル/ja-0]] [[ko:위키백과:바벨/ko-0]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Babel/nds-0]] Category:Wikipediens par langue 1640 5501 2005-07-22T15:53:38Z 81.134.8.164 [[ar:تصنيف:المستخدمين حسب اللغات]] [[ast:Category:Usuarios por idioma]] [[ca:Categoria:Usuaris per idioma]] [[cs:Kategorie:Wikipedisté podle jazyka]] [[de:Kategorie:Benutzer nach Sprache]] [[als:Kategorie:Benutzer nach Sprache]] [[en:Category:User languages]] [[es:Categoría:Usuarios por idioma]] [[eo:Kategorio:Vikipediistoj laŭ lingvo]] [[ga:Rang:Teangacha an Úsáideoirí]] [[ko:분류:언어별 사용자]] [[id:Kategori:Bahasa-bahasa pengguna]] [[it:Categoria:Utenti per lingua]] [[la:Categoria:Linguae usorum]] [[hu:Kategória:Felhasználók nyelvei]] [[mi:Category:Wikipedia multilingual coordination]] [[na:Category:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[nl:Categorie:Babel]] [[nds:Kategorie:Brukers na Spraak]] [[ja:Category:言語別の利用者]] [[no:Kategori:Wikipedia-brukere etter språk]] [[pl:Kategoria:Babel]] [[pt:Categoria:Usuários línguas]] [[ru:Категория:User languages]] [[scn:Category:User languages]] [[simple:Category:Users by language]] [[sk:Kategória:Redaktori podľa jazykov]] [[sl:Category:Uporabniški jeziki]] [[sr:Category:Језичке кутијице]] [[th:Category:ผู้ใช้แยกตามภาษา]] [[uk:Категорія:User languages]] [[zh:Category:用户语言]] Voir le projet [[Wikipédia:Babel]]. [[Catégorie:Wikipédiens]] 5502 2005-07-22T15:54:11Z 81.134.8.164 [[ar:تصنيف:المستخدمين حسب اللغات]] [[ast:Category:Usuarios por idioma]] [[ca:Categoria:Usuaris per idioma]] [[cs:Kategorie:Wikipedisté podle jazyka]] [[de:Kategorie:Benutzer nach Sprache]] [[als:Kategorie:Benutzer nach Sprache]] [[en:Category:User languages]] [[es:Categoría:Usuarios por idioma]] [[eo:Kategorio:Vikipediistoj laŭ lingvo]] [[ga:Rang:Teangacha an Úsáideoirí]] [[ko:분류:언어별 사용자]] [[id:Kategori:Bahasa-bahasa pengguna]] [[it:Categoria:Utenti per lingua]] [[la:Categoria:Linguae usorum]] [[hu:Kategória:Felhasználók nyelvei]] [[mi:Category:Wikipedia multilingual coordination]] [[na:Category:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[nl:Categorie:Babel]] [[nds:Kategorie:Brukers na Spraak]] [[ja:Category:言語別の利用者]] [[no:Kategori:Wikipedia-brukere etter språk]] [[pl:Kategoria:Babel]] [[pt:Categoria:Usuários línguas]] [[ru:Категория:User languages]] [[scn:Category:User languages]] [[simple:Category:Users by language]] [[sk:Kategória:Redaktori podľa jazykov]] [[sl:Category:Uporabniški jeziki]] [[sr:Category:Језичке кутијице]] [[th:Category:ผู้ใช้แยกตามภาษา]] [[uk:Категорія:User languages]] [[zh:Category:用户语言]] Voir le projet [[Wikipedia:Babel]]. [[Catégorie:Wikipediens]] 5507 2005-07-22T16:01:29Z 81.134.8.164 [[ar:تصنيف:المستخدمين حسب اللغات]] [[ast:Category:Usuarios por idioma]] [[ca:Categoria:Usuaris per idioma]] [[cs:Kategorie:Wikipedisté podle jazyka]] [[de:Kategorie:Benutzer nach Sprache]] [[als:Kategorie:Benutzer nach Sprache]] [[en:Category:User languages]] [[es:Categoría:Usuarios por idioma]] [[eo:Kategorio:Vikipediistoj laŭ lingvo]] [[ga:Rang:Teangacha an Úsáideoirí]] [[ko:분류:언어별 사용자]] [[id:Kategori:Bahasa-bahasa pengguna]] [[it:Categoria:Utenti per lingua]] [[la:Categoria:Linguae usorum]] [[hu:Kategória:Felhasználók nyelvei]] [[mi:Category:Wikipedia multilingual coordination]] [[na:Category:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[nl:Categorie:Babel]] [[nds:Kategorie:Brukers na Spraak]] [[ja:Category:言語別の利用者]] [[no:Kategori:Wikipedia-brukere etter språk]] [[pl:Kategoria:Babel]] [[pt:Categoria:Usuários línguas]] [[ru:Категория:User languages]] [[scn:Category:User languages]] [[simple:Category:Users by language]] [[sk:Kategória:Redaktori podľa jazykov]] [[sl:Category:Uporabniški jeziki]] [[sr:Category:Језичке кутијице]] [[th:Category:ผู้ใช้แยกตามภาษา]] [[uk:Категорія:User languages]] [[zh:Category:用户语言]] Voir le projet [[Wikipédia:Babel]]. [[Category:Wikipediens]] 7167 2005-12-03T23:10:53Z Moyogo 11 [[ar:تصنيف:المستخدمين حسب اللغات]] [[ast:Category:Usuarios por idioma]] [[ca:Categoria:Usuaris per idioma]] [[cs:Kategorie:Wikipedisté podle jazyka]] [[de:Kategorie:Benutzer nach Sprache]] [[als:Kategorie:Benutzer nach Sprache]] [[en:Category:User languages]] [[es:Categoría:Usuarios por idioma]] [[eo:Kategorio:Vikipediistoj laŭ lingvo]] [[ga:Rang:Teangacha an Úsáideoirí]] [[ko:분류:언어별 사용자]] [[id:Kategori:Bahasa-bahasa pengguna]] [[it:Categoria:Utenti per lingua]] [[la:Categoria:Linguae usorum]] [[hu:Kategória:Felhasználók nyelvei]] [[mi:Category:Wikipedia multilingual coordination]] [[na:Category:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[nl:Categorie:Babel]] [[nds:Kategorie:Brukers na Spraak]] [[ja:Category:言語別の利用者]] [[no:Kategori:Wikipedia-brukere etter språk]] [[pl:Kategoria:Babel]] [[pt:Categoria:Usuários línguas]] [[ru:Категория:User languages]] [[scn:Category:User languages]] [[simple:Category:Users by language]] [[sk:Kategória:Redaktori podľa jazykov]] [[sl:Category:Uporabniški jeziki]] [[sr:Category:Језичке кутијице]] [[th:Category:ผู้ใช้แยกตามภาษา]] [[uk:Категорія:User languages]] [[zh:Category:用户语言]] Komóna : [[Wikipedia:Babel]]. [[Category:Wikipediens]] Category:User ln 1641 5503 2005-07-22T15:55:55Z 81.134.8.164 [[Category:Wikipediens par langue]] 7397 2005-12-20T09:43:22Z 160.85.2.50 interwiki [[Category:Wikipediens par langue]] [[de:Kategorie:User ln]] [[en:Category:User ln]] [[fr:Catégorie:Utilisateur ln]] 9450 2006-10-10T11:54:41Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[lad:Category:User ln]], [[zh:Category:Ln 使用者]] [[Category:Wikipediens par langue]] [[de:Kategorie:User ln]] [[en:Category:User ln]] [[fr:Catégorie:Utilisateur ln]] [[lad:Category:User ln]] [[zh:Category:Ln 使用者]] 9523 2006-10-19T13:17:59Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[als:Kategorie:User ln]], [[eu:Kategoria:Lingala (erabiltzaileak)]] [[Category:Wikipediens par langue]] [[als:Kategorie:User ln]] [[de:Kategorie:User ln]] [[en:Category:User ln]] [[eu:Kategoria:Lingala (erabiltzaileak)]] [[fr:Catégorie:Utilisateur ln]] [[lad:Category:User ln]] [[zh:Category:Ln 使用者]] Category:User fr 1642 5504 2005-07-22T15:56:22Z 81.134.8.164 [[Category:Wikipediens par langue]] 9432 2006-10-08T18:15:01Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: af, als, am, ang, ast, az, be, bm, bs, ca, chr, co, cs, csb, cy, da, de, el, en, eo, es, et, eu, fa, fi, fr, fy, ga, gl, gn, he, ht, hu, hy, id, io, it, ja, jv, ka, kk, ko, ku, kw, la, lb, li, lt, lv, mg, mi, mn, mt, na, nah, nap, nds, [[Category:Wikipediens par langue]] [[af:Kategorie:User fr]] [[als:Kategorie:User fr]] [[am:Category:User fr]] [[ang:Category:User fr]] [[ast:Categoría:Usuarios por idioma - Francés]] [[az:Kateqoriya:User fr]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Вікіпэдыйцы, якія ведаюць мову fr]] [[bm:Catégorie:User fr]] [[bs:Kategorija:User fr]] [[ca:Categoria:Usuaris per idioma - Français]] [[chr:Category:User fr]] [[co:Category:User fr]] [[cs:Kategorie:User fr]] [[csb:Kategòrëjô:Brëkòwnik fr]] [[cy:Categori:User fr]] [[da:Kategori:Brugere fr]] [[de:Kategorie:User fr]] [[el:Κατηγορία:User fr]] [[en:Category:User fr]] [[eo:Kategorio:Vikipediisto fr]] [[es:Categoría:Usuarios por idioma - Francés]] [[et:Kategooria:User fr]] [[eu:Kategoria:Frantsesa (erabiltzaileak)]] [[fa:رده:User fr]] [[fi:Luokka:User fr]] [[fr:Catégorie:Utilisateur fr]] [[fy:Kategory:Meidogger/Taal fr]] [[ga:Catagóir:Úsáideoir fr]] [[gl:Category:Usuario fr]] [[gn:Categoría:User fr]] [[he:קטגוריה:User fr]] [[ht:Category:User fr]] [[hu:Kategória:User fr]] [[hy:Category:User fr]] [[id:Kategori:User fr]] [[io:Category:User fr]] [[it:Categoria:Utenti fr]] [[ja:Category:User fr]] [[jv:Kategori:User fr]] [[ka:კატეგორია:მომხმარებელი fr]] [[kk:Category:User fr]] [[ko:분류:사용자 fr]] [[ku:Kategorî:User fr]] [[kw:Category:User fr]] [[la:Categoria:Usor fr]] [[lb:Category:User fr]] [[li:Kategorie:Gebroeker fr]] [[lt:Kategorija:User fr]] [[lv:Kategorija:User fr]] [[mg:Category:User fr]] [[mi:Category:User fr]] [[mn:Category:User fr]] [[mt:Category:User fr]] [[na:Category:User fr]] [[nah:Categoría:Usuarios ic tlahtōlli fr]] [[nap:Categoria:Utenti fr]] [[nds:Kategorie:User fr]] [[nl:Categorie:Gebruiker fr]] [[no:Kategori:Bruker fr]] [[oc:Categoria:Utilisator fr]] [[pl:Kategoria:User fr]] [[pt:Categoria:Usuário fr]] [[qu:Categoría:Ruwaq:fr]] [[ru:Категория:User fr]] [[scn:Category:User fr]] [[sco:Category:User fr]] [[sh:Category:User fr]] [[simple:Category:User fr]] [[sk:Kategória:User fr]] [[sl:Kategorija:Uporabnik fr]] [[sm:Category:User fr]] [[sq:Category:User fr]] [[sr:Категорија:Корисник fr]] [[su:Kategori:User fr]] [[sv:Kategori:Användare fr]] [[sw:Category:User fr]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:User fr]] [[tl:Category:User fr]] [[tr:Kategori:User fr]] [[uk:Категорія:User fr]] [[ur:زمرہ:User fr]] [[uz:Category:User fr]] [[vi:Thể loại:User fr]] [[wa:Categoreye:Uzeus fr]] [[zh:Category:Fr 使用者]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:User fr]] [[zh-yue:Category:User fr]] 9446 2006-10-10T05:17:06Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[lad:Category:User fr]] [[Category:Wikipediens par langue]] [[af:Kategorie:User fr]] [[als:Kategorie:User fr]] [[am:Category:User fr]] [[ang:Category:User fr]] [[ast:Categoría:Usuarios por idioma - Francés]] [[az:Kateqoriya:User fr]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Вікіпэдыйцы, якія ведаюць мову fr]] [[bm:Catégorie:User fr]] [[bs:Kategorija:User fr]] [[ca:Categoria:Usuaris per idioma - Français]] [[chr:Category:User fr]] [[co:Category:User fr]] [[cs:Kategorie:User fr]] [[csb:Kategòrëjô:Brëkòwnik fr]] [[cy:Categori:User fr]] [[da:Kategori:Brugere fr]] [[de:Kategorie:User fr]] [[el:Κατηγορία:User fr]] [[en:Category:User fr]] [[eo:Kategorio:Vikipediisto fr]] [[es:Categoría:Usuarios por idioma - Francés]] [[et:Kategooria:User fr]] [[eu:Kategoria:Frantsesa (erabiltzaileak)]] [[fa:رده:User fr]] [[fi:Luokka:User fr]] [[fr:Catégorie:Utilisateur fr]] [[fy:Kategory:Meidogger/Taal fr]] [[ga:Catagóir:Úsáideoir fr]] [[gl:Category:Usuario fr]] [[gn:Categoría:User fr]] [[he:קטגוריה:User fr]] [[ht:Category:User fr]] [[hu:Kategória:User fr]] [[hy:Category:User fr]] [[id:Kategori:User fr]] [[io:Category:User fr]] [[it:Categoria:Utenti fr]] [[ja:Category:User fr]] [[jv:Kategori:User fr]] [[ka:კატეგორია:მომხმარებელი fr]] [[kk:Category:User fr]] [[ko:분류:사용자 fr]] [[ku:Kategorî:User fr]] [[kw:Category:User fr]] [[la:Categoria:Usor fr]] [[lad:Category:User fr]] [[lb:Category:User fr]] [[li:Kategorie:Gebroeker fr]] [[lt:Kategorija:User fr]] [[lv:Kategorija:User fr]] [[mg:Category:User fr]] [[mi:Category:User fr]] [[mn:Category:User fr]] [[mt:Category:User fr]] [[na:Category:User fr]] [[nah:Categoría:Usuarios ic tlahtōlli fr]] [[nap:Categoria:Utenti fr]] [[nds:Kategorie:User fr]] [[nl:Categorie:Gebruiker fr]] [[no:Kategori:Bruker fr]] [[oc:Categoria:Utilisator fr]] [[pl:Kategoria:User fr]] [[pt:Categoria:Usuário fr]] [[qu:Categoría:Ruwaq:fr]] [[ru:Категория:User fr]] [[scn:Category:User fr]] [[sco:Category:User fr]] [[sh:Category:User fr]] [[simple:Category:User fr]] [[sk:Kategória:User fr]] [[sl:Kategorija:Uporabnik fr]] [[sm:Category:User fr]] [[sq:Category:User fr]] [[sr:Категорија:Корисник fr]] [[su:Kategori:User fr]] [[sv:Kategori:Användare fr]] [[sw:Category:User fr]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:User fr]] [[tl:Category:User fr]] [[tr:Kategori:User fr]] [[uk:Категорія:User fr]] [[ur:زمرہ:User fr]] [[uz:Category:User fr]] [[vi:Thể loại:User fr]] [[wa:Categoreye:Uzeus fr]] [[zh:Category:Fr 使用者]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:User fr]] [[zh-yue:Category:User fr]] 9881 2006-11-26T20:33:26Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[hsb:Kategorija:User fr]], [[ia:Categoria:Usator fr]] [[Category:Wikipediens par langue]] [[af:Kategorie:User fr]] [[als:Kategorie:User fr]] [[am:Category:User fr]] [[ang:Category:User fr]] [[ast:Categoría:Usuarios por idioma - Francés]] [[az:Kateqoriya:User fr]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Вікіпэдыйцы, якія ведаюць мову fr]] [[bm:Catégorie:User fr]] [[bs:Kategorija:User fr]] [[ca:Categoria:Usuaris per idioma - Français]] [[chr:Category:User fr]] [[co:Category:User fr]] [[cs:Kategorie:User fr]] [[csb:Kategòrëjô:Brëkòwnik fr]] [[cy:Categori:User fr]] [[da:Kategori:Brugere fr]] [[de:Kategorie:User fr]] [[el:Κατηγορία:User fr]] [[en:Category:User fr]] [[eo:Kategorio:Vikipediisto fr]] [[es:Categoría:Usuarios por idioma - Francés]] [[et:Kategooria:User fr]] [[eu:Kategoria:Frantsesa (erabiltzaileak)]] [[fa:رده:User fr]] [[fi:Luokka:User fr]] [[fr:Catégorie:Utilisateur fr]] [[fy:Kategory:Meidogger/Taal fr]] [[ga:Catagóir:Úsáideoir fr]] [[gl:Category:Usuario fr]] [[gn:Categoría:User fr]] [[he:קטגוריה:User fr]] [[hsb:Kategorija:User fr]] [[ht:Category:User fr]] [[hu:Kategória:User fr]] [[hy:Category:User fr]] [[ia:Categoria:Usator fr]] [[id:Kategori:User fr]] [[io:Category:User fr]] [[it:Categoria:Utenti fr]] [[ja:Category:User fr]] [[jv:Kategori:User fr]] [[ka:კატეგორია:მომხმარებელი fr]] [[kk:Category:User fr]] [[ko:분류:사용자 fr]] [[ku:Kategorî:User fr]] [[kw:Category:User fr]] [[la:Categoria:Usor fr]] [[lad:Category:User fr]] [[lb:Category:User fr]] [[li:Kategorie:Gebroeker fr]] [[lt:Kategorija:User fr]] [[lv:Kategorija:User fr]] [[mg:Category:User fr]] [[mi:Category:User fr]] [[mn:Category:User fr]] [[mt:Category:User fr]] [[na:Category:User fr]] [[nah:Categoría:Usuarios ic tlahtōlli fr]] [[nap:Categoria:Utenti fr]] [[nds:Kategorie:User fr]] [[nl:Categorie:Gebruiker fr]] [[no:Kategori:Bruker fr]] [[oc:Categoria:Utilisator fr]] [[pl:Kategoria:User fr]] [[pt:Categoria:Usuário fr]] [[qu:Categoría:Ruwaq:fr]] [[ru:Категория:User fr]] [[scn:Category:User fr]] [[sco:Category:User fr]] [[sh:Category:User fr]] [[simple:Category:User fr]] [[sk:Kategória:User fr]] [[sl:Kategorija:Uporabnik fr]] [[sm:Category:User fr]] [[sq:Category:User fr]] [[sr:Категорија:Корисник fr]] [[su:Kategori:User fr]] [[sv:Kategori:Användare fr]] [[sw:Category:User fr]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:User fr]] [[tl:Category:User fr]] [[tr:Kategori:User fr]] [[uk:Категорія:User fr]] [[ur:زمرہ:User fr]] [[uz:Category:User fr]] [[vi:Thể loại:User fr]] [[wa:Categoreye:Uzeus fr]] [[zh:Category:Fr 使用者]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:User fr]] [[zh-yue:Category:User fr]] 10009 2006-12-19T20:23:26Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[pdc:Category:Benutzer fr]] [[Category:Wikipediens par langue]] [[af:Kategorie:User fr]] [[als:Kategorie:User fr]] [[am:Category:User fr]] [[ang:Category:User fr]] [[ast:Categoría:Usuarios por idioma - Francés]] [[az:Kateqoriya:User fr]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Вікіпэдыйцы, якія ведаюць мову fr]] [[bm:Catégorie:User fr]] [[bs:Kategorija:User fr]] [[ca:Categoria:Usuaris per idioma - Français]] [[chr:Category:User fr]] [[co:Category:User fr]] [[cs:Kategorie:User fr]] [[csb:Kategòrëjô:Brëkòwnik fr]] [[cy:Categori:User fr]] [[da:Kategori:Brugere fr]] [[de:Kategorie:User fr]] [[el:Κατηγορία:User fr]] [[en:Category:User fr]] [[eo:Kategorio:Vikipediisto fr]] [[es:Categoría:Usuarios por idioma - Francés]] [[et:Kategooria:User fr]] [[eu:Kategoria:Frantsesa (erabiltzaileak)]] [[fa:رده:User fr]] [[fi:Luokka:User fr]] [[fr:Catégorie:Utilisateur fr]] [[fy:Kategory:Meidogger/Taal fr]] [[ga:Catagóir:Úsáideoir fr]] [[gl:Category:Usuario fr]] [[gn:Categoría:User fr]] [[he:קטגוריה:User fr]] [[hsb:Kategorija:User fr]] [[ht:Category:User fr]] [[hu:Kategória:User fr]] [[hy:Category:User fr]] [[ia:Categoria:Usator fr]] [[id:Kategori:User fr]] [[io:Category:User fr]] [[it:Categoria:Utenti fr]] [[ja:Category:User fr]] [[jv:Kategori:User fr]] [[ka:კატეგორია:მომხმარებელი fr]] [[kk:Санат:User fr]] [[ko:분류:사용자 fr]] [[ku:Kategorî:User fr]] [[kw:Category:User fr]] [[la:Categoria:Usor fr]] [[lad:Category:User fr]] [[lb:Category:User fr]] [[li:Kategorie:Gebroeker fr]] [[lt:Kategorija:User fr]] [[lv:Kategorija:User fr]] [[mg:Category:User fr]] [[mi:Category:User fr]] [[mn:Category:User fr]] [[mt:Category:User fr]] [[na:Category:User fr]] [[nah:Categoría:Usuarios ic tlahtōlli fr]] [[nap:Categoria:Utenti fr]] [[nds:Kategorie:User fr]] [[nl:Categorie:Gebruiker fr]] [[no:Kategori:Bruker fr]] [[oc:Categoria:Utilisator fr]] [[pdc:Category:Benutzer fr]] [[pl:Kategoria:User fr]] [[pt:Categoria:Usuário fr]] [[qu:Categoría:Ruwaq:fr]] [[ru:Категория:User fr]] [[scn:Category:User fr]] [[sco:Category:User fr]] [[sh:Category:User fr]] [[simple:Category:User fr]] [[sk:Kategória:User fr]] [[sl:Kategorija:Uporabnik fr]] [[sm:Category:User fr]] [[sq:Category:User fr]] [[sr:Категорија:Корисник fr]] [[su:Kategori:User fr]] [[sv:Kategori:Användare fr]] [[sw:Category:User fr]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:User fr]] [[tl:Category:User fr]] [[tr:Kategori:User fr]] [[uk:Категорія:User fr]] [[ur:زمرہ:User fr]] [[uz:Category:User fr]] [[vi:Thể loại:User fr]] [[wa:Categoreye:Uzeus fr]] [[zh:Category:Fr 使用者]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:User fr]] [[zh-yue:Category:User fr]] Category:User als 1643 5505 2005-07-22T15:57:11Z 81.134.8.164 [[Category:Wikipediens par langue]] 9526 2006-10-20T21:06:55Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: als, cs, de, en, fi, fr, id, ja, ko, lad, na, nds, nl, no, pdc, ru, simple, sk, zh [[Category:Wikipediens par langue]] [[als:Kategorie:User als]] [[cs:Kategorie:User als]] [[de:Kategorie:User als]] [[en:Category:User als]] [[fi:Luokka:User als]] [[fr:Catégorie:Utilisateur als]] [[id:Kategori:User als]] [[ja:Category:User als]] [[ko:분류:사용자 als]] [[lad:Category:User als]] [[na:Category:User als]] [[nds:Kategorie:User als]] [[nl:Categorie:Gebruiker als]] [[no:Kategori:Bruker als]] [[pdc:Category:User als]] [[ru:Категория:User als]] [[simple:Category:User als]] [[sk:Kategória:User als]] [[zh:Category:Als 使用者]] Category:User en 1644 5506 2005-07-22T15:58:22Z 81.134.8.164 [[Category:Wikipediens par langue]] Category:User de 1645 5508 2005-07-22T16:00:00Z 81.134.8.164 [[Category:Wikipediens par langue]] Category:User es 1646 5509 2005-07-22T16:00:21Z 81.134.8.164 [[Category:Wikipediens par langue]] Category:User nl 1647 5510 2005-07-22T16:00:37Z 81.134.8.164 [[Category:Wikipediens par langue]] Category:User pt 1648 5511 2005-07-22T16:00:49Z 81.134.8.164 [[Category:Wikipediens par langue]] Category:User sv 1649 5512 2005-07-22T16:01:05Z 81.134.8.164 [[Category:Wikipediens par langue]] Alémani (bokokani) 1650 5520 2005-07-22T16:23:07Z 81.134.8.164 '''Alemani''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Alémani]]. Elobamí o na eténi ya [[Bɛ́lɛjika]], [[Swisi]] na [[Afríka]] ([[Namibia]]). [[Category:Lokótá]] [[als:Deutsche Sprache]] [[de:Deutsche Sprache]] 5676 2005-07-25T01:36:47Z Themalau 22 #REDIRECT:[[Kialemani]] 5868 2005-07-31T08:43:24Z Moyogo 11 Kialemani -> Lialemani #REDIRECT:[[Lialemani]] 6105 2005-09-05T09:29:35Z 160.85.2.50 {{Bokokani}} * [[Alémani]] Bisé ya Eropa * [[Lialemani]] Lokótá * 7136 2005-12-03T22:26:37Z Moyogo 11 [[Alemani]] moved to [[Alémani (bokokani)]] {{Bokokani}} * [[Alémani]] Bisé ya Eropa * [[Lialemani]] Lokótá * 7144 2005-12-03T22:44:32Z Moyogo 11 {{Bokokani}} * [[Alémani]] - bisé ya [[Eropa]] * [[Balémani]] - ekólo ya Alémani * [[Lialemani]] - lokótá ya [[Alémani]], [[Swisi]], [[Bɛ́ljika]], ... 7145 2005-12-03T22:45:37Z Moyogo 11 {{Bokokani}} * [[Alémani]] - esé ya [[Eropa]] * [[Balémani]] - ekólo ya Alémani * [[Lialemani]] - lokótá ya [[Alémani]], [[Swisi]], [[Bɛ́ljika]], ... George Walker Bush 1652 5527 2005-07-23T01:08:44Z 199.8.238.219 [[ang:George W. Bush]] [[ar:جورج و. بوش]] [[bg:Джордж У. Буш]] [[ca:George Walker Bush]] [[cs:George W. Bush]] [[cy:George W. Bush]] [[da:George W. Bush]] [[de:George W. Bush]] [[et:George W. Bush]] [[en:George W. Bush]] [[es:George Walker Bush]] [[eo:George W. BUSH]] [[ga:George W. Bush]] [[gl:George Walker Bush]] [[ko:조지 W. 부시]] [[hr:George W. Bush]] [[io:George W. Bush]] [[id:George W. Bush]] [[is:George W. Bush]] [[it:George Walker Bush]] [[he:ג'ורג' ווקר בוש]] [[kn:ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಬುಷ್]] [[la:Georgius W. Bush]] [[li:George W. Bush]] [[hu:George W. Bush]] [[ms:George W. Bush]] [[zh-min-nan:George W. Bush]] [[nl:George Walker Bush]] [[nds:George W. Bush]] [[ja:ジョージ・ウォーカー・ブッシュ]] [[nb:George W. Bush]] [[nn:George Walker Bush]] [[pl:George W. Bush]] [[pt:George W. Bush]] [[ro:George W. Bush]] [[ru:Буш, Джордж Уокер]] [[scn:George W. Bush]] [[simple:George W. Bush]] [[sk:George W. Bush]] [[sl:George W. Bush]] [[sr:Џорџ В. Буш]] [[fi:George W. Bush]] [[sv:George W. Bush]] [[th:จอร์จ ดับเบิลยู. บุช]] [[vi:George W. Bush]] [[tr:George W. Bush]] [[zh:乔治·沃克·布什]] [[so:George W. Bush]] [[Catégorie:Mokambi ekolo ya Lisanga ya Amerika|Bush, George Walker]] [[Catégorie:Bitumba pona kobuka bobángisɛmi|Bush, George Walker]] [[Catégorie:Ebótami na 1946|Bush, George Walker]] {{FichePresidentUS| nompresident={{PAGENAME}}| image=[[Image:GeorgeWBush.jpg|260px|{{PAGENAME}}]]| numero=43<sup><small>e</small><sup>| mandat=[[20 janvier]] [[2001]]| datenaissance=[[6 juillet]] [[1946]]| lieunaissance=[[New Haven]], <br />[[Connecticut]]| datedécès=| lieudécès=| profession=[[Homme d'affaires]]| partipolitique=[[Parti républicain (États-Unis)|Républicain]]| vicepresident=[[Dick Cheney]] }} '''[[Media:En-us-George Walker Bush.ogg|George Walker Bush]]''' (né le [[6 juillet]] [[1946]]), mwana ya [[George Herbert Walker Bush]] mpe ya Barbara Pierce, azali banda [[2001]] mokambi ekolo ya [[Lisanga ya Amerika|Lisanga ya Amerika]] ya 43{{e}}. Membre du [[Parti républicain (États-Unis)|Parti républicain]], élu deux fois gouverneur de l’État du [[Texas]] entre [[1994]] et [[1998]] puis entre 1998 et [[2000]], date à laquelle il abandonne son poste de gouverneur suite à sa victoire aux élections présidentielles. Il est élu président pour un second mandat le [[2 novembre]] [[2004]]. == George W. Bush : libota naye, Kotanga naye, Mosala naye == [[Image:Entire_Bush_family.jpg|300px|thumb|left|La famille Bush]] Aîné d'une famille de six enfants, George W. Bush naît la première année du [[Baby boom]] à Midland, dans l'[[Texas|État du Texas]]. Il a deux sœurs, dont une décédée à l'âge de trois ans à la suite d'une opération pour traiter sa leucémie ayant mal tourné et trois frères, dont [[John Ellis Bush]] (« Jeb ») qui naît sept ans après lui. Arrivant en [[1959]] à [[Houston]] lorsque son père déménage sa compagnie pétrolière, prospère, dans cette ville, il étudie au célèbre pensionnat pour garçons de la [[Phillips Academy]] à [[Andover (Massachusetts)|Andover]], dans le [[Massachusetts]], considéré à l'époque comme la « plus dure école privée d'Amérique » par le ''[[Time Magazine]]''. Il est admis à [[Yale]] où il joint une confrérie secrète devenue célèbre par la suite : les ''[[Skull and Bones]]'', comme son père et [[John Kerry]], son rival à l'élection présidentielle de 2004. [[Image:GW-Bush-in-uniform.jpg|180px|thumb|George W. Bush en uniforme de la garde nationale]] Il fait son service militaire en s'engageant dans la Garde Nationale en [[1968]] où il devient pilote d'un [[F-102]], raison pour laquelle il n'est pas engagé dans la [[Guerre du Viêt Nam]]. Pendant son incorporation, il profite de ses congés pour participer à des campagnes électorales. Il est admis à la prestigieuse Université de [[Harvard]] lorsque son service militaire se termine, après avoir été refusé à la faculté de droit de l'Université du Texas ; il obtient sa maîtrise en administration en [[1975]]. En [[1978]], il se présente à la [[Chambre des Représentants des États-Unis d'Amérique|chambre des Représentants]] mais perd contre [[Kent Hance]], son adversaire démocrate et élu local du Texas. Il commence alors sa carrière dans l'industrie du [[pétrole]] avec la création de ''Arbusto Energy'' (''arbusto'' signifie ''bush'' en espagnol), une entreprise de recherche de pétrole et de gaz. Cette entreprise doit faire face à la crise en [[1979]] et, après l'avoir renommée ''Bush Exploration'', George W. Bush la revend en [[1984]] à ''Spectrum 7'', un de ses concurrents texans dont il prend la tête. La crise suivante ([[1985]]-[[1987]]) provoque le même scénario qui place George W. Bush à la tête de ''Harken Energy''. Certains accusent alors son père (président des États-Unis) d'avoir fait pression pour que certains éléments troublants lors de cette vente ne soient pas à l'origine d'une enquête approfondie. D'autres répondent que l'arrivée de [[Bill Clinton]] n'a rien changé à l'affaire, prouvant l'indépendance des enquêtes. Après avoir travaillé sur la campagne victorieuse de son père, en [[1988]], il rassemble de proches amis et achète les [[Texas Rangers]], une équipe de [[Base-ball]], en [[1989]]. On l'accuse par la suite d'avoir bénéficié de pressions politiques dans le cadre de cet achat. == Le gouverneur du Texas (1994-2000) == [[Image:Gouverneur_Bush.jpg|180px|thumb|portrait officiel du gouverneur Bush]] Bush revend l'équipe des [[Texas Rangers]] en [[1994]], lors de son élection au poste de Gouverneur du [[Texas]]. Pour atteindre ce poste, il bat la très populaire démocrate et gouverneur sortant, [[Ann Richards]]. Il est alors le deuxième gouverneur républicain du Texas depuis [[1877]] et le premier gouverneur de cet État à remplir deux mandats complets de quatre ans car en 1998, il est réélu avec 69% des voix. Sa politique est très remarquée, notamment en Europe pour l'utilisation prononcée de la [[peine de mort]] : il signe l'ordre d'exécution de la sentence judiciaire pour 152 prisonniers reconnus coupables de crimes et condamnés à mort. Il aura gracié un seul condamné lors de son mandat et aura refusé d'accorder des sursis à de nombreux autres malgré, dans certains cas, leurs demandes de pouvoir recourir aux tests ADN pour prouver leur éventuelle innocence. Il manoeuvre également habilement avec les élus démocrates, majoritaires au Congrès local, si bien que bon nombre d'entre eux se rallieront à lui lors de sa campagne présidentielle de 2000. == Scrutins présidentiels == === L'élection de 2000 === [[Image:GoreBush.jpg|180px|thumb|George W. Bush et Al Gore]] L'élection présidentielle de [[2000]] met face à face George W. Bush à [[Al Gore]], vice-président des États-Unis et candidat du [[Parti démocrate (États-Unis)|parti démocrate]]. Après s'être imposé avec difficulté lors des primaires contre [[John McCain]], le sénateur de l'[[Arizona]], George W. Bush axe sa campagne sur les affaires intérieures du pays, et promet d’abaisser substantiellement le niveau d’engagement extérieur des États-Unis, conformément à la tradition isolationniste du parti Républicain. Durant cette campagne, Bush s'entoure d'experts politique comme [[Karl Rove]] (un ami de la famille et stratègiste confirmé en campagne électorale), [[Karen Hughes]], une conseillère du Texas ou encore [[Dick Cheney]], ancien secrétaire d'état à la défense, qu'il choisit comme candidat à la vice-présidence. Au soir des élections, Gore devance Bush de près de 500 mille voix au niveau national mais les deux candidats sont au coude à coude au niveau des états et des grands électeurs lesquels élisent le Président. Les résultats sont si serrés dans certains états, comme le [[Nouveau-Mexique]] et la [[Floride]] (dont le gouverneur n'est d'ailleurs autre que « Jeb » Bush), qu’il faut parfois mettre en place un second décompte. Des défauts et ambiguïtés dans certains formulaires de vote provoquent des disputes dans des bureaux de votes, en particulier en Floride où l'écart n'est que d'une centaine de voix, et où plusieurs milliers de bulletins sont déclarés invalides. Au Nouveau-Mexique, après avoir été déclaré vainqueur avec dix mille voix d'avance, un nouveau recomptage voit l'avance d'Al Gore fondre à trois cent voix. En Floride, des irrégularités sont avancées comme la fermeture inexpliquée de certains bureaux de votes dans des quartiers pauvres ou la population s'exprime majoritairement en faveur du parti démocrate. Le décompte des voix est long car un recomptage méthodique est ordonné en particulier dans trois comtés litigieux mais à la fin de celui-ci George Bush est encore gagnant avec 1500 voix environ d'avance. Les avocats d'Al Gore obtiennent cependant de la cour suprême de Floride (dont six juges sur sept sont démocrates) un nouveau recomptage manuel dans trois comtés, ceux de Miami-Dade, Palm Beach et Broward. Ce faisant, la cour de Floride dépasse ses compétences judiciaires et réécrit le code électoral ce qui sera immédiatement contesté devant la [[Cour suprême des États-Unis]] par les avocats de George W. Bush, d'autant plus que les trois comtés litigieux sont majoritairement dominé par les démocrates et sont les plus aptes à apporter à Al Gore une réserve de voix suffisante pour le faire élire. Après un premier avertissement à la Cour suprême de Floride sur le dépassement de ses prérogatives et son empiètement sur le domaine législatif, la Cour suprême des États-Unis (dont sept juges sur neuf ont été nommés par des présidents républicains) finit par annuler l'ultime recomptage manuel des voix en Floride, jugé illégal par cinq voix contre quatre alors que seul le comté de Miami-Dade n'a pas fini de procéder au recomptage manuel et qu'Al Gore est toujours devancé de plus d'une centaine de voix et c'est ainsi que George W. Bush est finalement désigné président des États-Unis d'Amérique par la cour suprême, de justesse grâce aux voix de [[Floride]] qui lui permettent d'obtenir les voix de 271 grands électeurs contre 266 à Al Gore. Les journaux titrèrent dès le lendemain « ''President was selected by Supreme Court'' », avec un jeu de mot entre ''elected'' (élu) et ''selected'' (choisi). À aucun moment Al Gore n'a réussi à devancer George Bush lors des recomptages de Floride et en mars 2001, un consortium de plusieurs journaux américains font effectuer à leurs frais un recomptage des bulletins dans les trois comtés clés mais aussi dans toute la Floride. Selon les différentes hypothèses envisagées, leurs conclusions furent que si la Cour n'avait pas interrompu le recomptage manuel, George Bush aurait quand même gagné l'élection ou l'aurait perdu de trois voix dans une seule hypothèse face à Al Gore. Ce n'est pas la première fois dans l'histoire du pays qu'un président est investi avec moins de voix que son adversaire au plan national. Au XIX {{e}} siècle, [[Rutherford B. Hayes]] et [[Benjamin Harrison]] ont été aussi élu avec moins de voix que leur adversaire. [[John F. Kennedy]] a gagné contre [[Richard Nixon]] en 1960 avec 100 mille voix d'avance. Le [[29 octobre]] [[2002]], Bush signa un projet de loi du congrès, intitulé le [[Help America Vote Act of 2002]], afin de généraliser l’utilisation des machines pour enregistrer les votes. === La réélection de 2004 === [[Image:Bush_2004.jpg|180px|thumb|Bush en campagne]] Lors de l'élection présidentielle de [[2004]], George W. Bush est opposé au sénateur démocrate [[John Kerry]]. Tout d'abord à la traîne dans les sondages, il profite du manque de dynamisme de son adversaire pour prendre une avance importante, avec une argumentation fondée sur le manque de constance politique du sénateur. Ce dernier surprend cependant le public lors du premier débat télévisé, attaquant frontalement le président sur la « colossale erreur » de la guerre en Irak : la campagne est relancée. Lors des deux débats suivants, les candidats s'affrontent sans que l'un des deux prenne réellement l'avantage. Le scrutin se présente une fois de plus comme étant très serré et c'est George W. Bush qui est réélu lors du vote du [[2 novembre]] [[2004]] avec un score historique de plus de 62 millions d'électeurs contre 59 millions à John Kerry lequel admet sa défaite dès le lendemain du scrutin. Le camp républicain remporte également une victoire historique dans les élections pour le renouvellement du Sénat et de la Chambre des représentants. [[Image:Gastner map purple byarea bycounty.png|300px|thumb|Résultat des présidentielles 2004 par comté]] Le clivage entre les « états rouges » républicains et les « états bleus » démocrates est aussi tranché qu'en 2000 entre Bush et Gore. Les villes du nord-est et du nord comme [[Boston]], [[New York]] et [[Chicago]], les villes de la côte ouest comme [[San Francisco]], [[Los Angeles]] et [[Seattle]], qui représentent les états ayant les plus fortes concentrations de population, s'ancrent dans le camp démocrate. Cependant en terme de comtés, l'avantage est largement aux républicains. Les trois quarts des comtés américains ont voté pour Bush et seuls ceux de la Nouvelle Angleterre, d'Hawaii et les comtés urbains de la côte Ouest ont voté majoritairement pour John Kerry. Par exemple, 54 des 67 comtés de [[Pennsylvanie]] ont voté pour George W. Bush mais l'état a été remporté de justesse par Kerry grâce à ses scores dans les deux grandes villes de [[Pittsburgh]] et [[Philadelphie]]. La plupart des grandes villes situées dans des états à majorité républicaine ont en général voté démocrate : [[Atlanta]], [[Miami]], [[Las Vegas]], [[La Nouvelle-Orléans]], etc. [[San Diego]] en Californie fait un choix inverse en choisissant George W. Bush dans un état « pro-Kerry ». Les états ruraux (la ''bible belt'' et le ''middle-west''), autrefois bastion démocrate, ont soutenu les républicains. Cette opposition géo-politique s'explique notamment par le profil sociologique des habitants de la plupart des grandes villes qui correspond ainsi à celui de l'électeur démocrate traditionnel (prépondérance des célibataires, des femmes, et des minorités ethniques) alors que la sociologie des banlieues (le ''borough'' de [[Staten Island]] à New York ou le [[Comté d'Orange (Californie)|comté d'Orange]] près de Los Angeles par exemple) et des villes rurales ([[Charleston]] en [[Caroline du Sud]]) correspond à celui de l'électeur républicain (hommes blancs, couples mariés avec enfants). Ainsi, la problématique étatique semble peu pertinente. C'est un nouveau clivage entre deux mondes aux valeurs bien différentes qui semble s'affirmer : l'un serait citadin des grandes villes et démocrate tandis que l'autre, plus rural ou habitant les banlieues résidentielles, est républicain. Le résultat définitif de l'élection est le suivant : George W. Bush obtient 62 041 268 voix (50,7 %) contre 59 028 548 à John Kerry (48,3 %), 463 635 à Ralph Nader (0,4 %) et 397 157 à Michal Badnarik (libertarien, 0,3 %). Les autres candidats recueillent ensemble 365 170 suffrages (0,3 %). Les grands électeurs se répartissent ainsi: 286 pour George W. Bush, 251 pour John Kerry et 1 pour John Edwards, le colisiter de John Kerry. Alors qu'Al Gore avait un demi-million de voix de plus que George W. Bush en 2000, celui-ci en a cette fois-ci trois millions de plus que John Kerry. En raison de la plus forte participation électorale, George W. Bush et John Kerry ont l'un et l'autre établi des records en ce qui concerne le nombre de voix recueilli. George Bush a passé de 50,4 à 62 millions (gain de 11.6 millions), John Kerry par rapport à Al Gore a gagné 8 millions de voix (de 51 à 59 millions). Ralph Nader s'est effondré, passant de 2,9 à 0,46 million. George W. Bush a gagné 2,8 points, John Kerry a perdu 0,1 point et Ralph Nader 2,3 points. == Composition du cabinet == === Premier mandat (2001-2005) et second mandat (2005-2009) === {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" align="left" !bgcolor="#000000" colspan="3"| |- |align="left"|'''Fonction'''||align="left"|'''Nom'''||align="left"|'''Mandat''' |- !bgcolor="#000000" colspan="3"| |- |[[Président des Etats-Unis|Président]] || '''[[George W. Bush]]''' || 2001— |- |[[Vice-Président des Etats-Unis|Vice Président]] || '''[[Dick Cheney]]''' || 2001— |- !bgcolor="#000000" colspan="3"| |- |[[Département d'État|Chef de la diplomatie]] || '''[[Colin Powell|Colin L. Powell]]''' || 2001–2005 |- | || '''[[Condoleezza Rice]]''' || 2005— |- |[[Département de la Défense|Secrétaire à la Défense]] || '''[[Donald Rumsfeld|Donald H. Rumsfeld]]''' || 2001— |- |[[Département du Trésor|Secrétaire au Trésor]] || '''[[Paul O'Neill|Paul H. O'Neill]]''' || 2001–2003 |- | || '''[[John W. Snow]]''' || 2003— |- |[[Ministre de la justice/Attorney général]] || '''[[John Ashcroft|John D. Ashcroft]]''' || 2001–2005 |- | || '''[[Alberto R. Gonzales]]''' || 2005— |- |[[Secrétaire à l'Intérieur]] || '''[[Gale Norton|Gale A. Norton]]''' || 2001— |- |[[Secrétaire à l'Agriculture]] || '''[[Ann Veneman|Ann M. Veneman]]''' || 2001–2005 |- | || '''[[Mike Johanns]]''' || 2005— |- |[[Secrétaire au commerce]] || '''[[Donald Evans|Donald L. Evans]]''' ||2001–2005 |- | || '''[[Carlos Gutierrez|Carlos M. Gutierrez]]''' || 2005— |- |[[Secrétaire au Travail]] || '''[[Elaine Chao|Elaine L. Chao]]''' || 2001— |- |[[Secrétaire à la Santé et aux Services humains]] || '''[[Tommy Thompson]]''' || 2001–2005 |- | || '''[[Michael O. Leavitt]]''' || 2005— |- |[[Secrétaire au Logement et au Développement urbain]] || '''[[Mel Martinez]]''' || 2001–2003 |- | || '''[[Alphonso Jackson|Alphonso R. Jackson]]''' || 2004— |- |[[Secrétaire aux Transports]] || '''[[Norman Mineta|Norman Y. Mineta]]''' || 2001— |- |[[Secrétaire à l'Énergie]] || '''[[Spencer Abraham]]''' || 2001–2005 |- | || '''[[Samuel W. Bodman]]''' || 2005— |- |[[Secrétaire à l'Éducation]] || '''[[Rod Paige]]''' || 2001–2005 |- | || '''[[Margaret Spellings]]''' || 2005— |- |[[Secrétaire aux Anciens combattants]] || '''[[Anthony Principi|Anthony J. Principi]]''' || 2001–2005 |- | || '''[[Jim Nicholson]]''' || 2005— |- |[[Secrétaire à la Sécurité intérieure]] || '''[[Tom Ridge]]''' || 2003–2005 |- | || '''[[Michael Chertoff]]''' || 2005— |} <br clear="all"> == Politique nationale == George W. Bush est lié aux franges les plus [[conservatisme|conservatrices]] du Parti républicain. Il est, avec [[Bill Clinton]], l'un des présidents ayant le plus suscité des jugements extrêmes et contradictoires auprès des Américains. En juin 2005, les télespectateurs américains ont pourtant placé George W. Bush en sixième position dans leur [[Liste des personnalités des États-Unis|liste des plus grands américains]], derrière les présidents [[Ronald Reagan]] ou [[Abraham Lincoln]] mais devant son prédécesseur [[Bill Clinton]]. === Économie === Il commence son mandat présidentiel avec le poids d’une situation [[économie|économique]] difficile après l’éclatement de la [[bulle internet]] et sous la menace de [[récession]]. Il tente d'imposer des taxes douanières élevées sur certains produits subissant une concurrence étrangère importante dans des [[secteur primaire|secteurs primaires]] déclinants ([[sidérurgie]], [[agriculture]]). Il met en place les plus grandes baisses d'impôt jamais enregistrées, dans le but de relancer la [[consommation]] américaine. Il augmente les budgets de sécurité intérieure et extérieure mais baisse les dépenses des programmes non militaires. Les dépenses de l'état augmentent de 20 % en quatre ans. Si [[Bill Clinton]] avait laissé à son départ un bénéfice de 236 milliards de dollars, George W. Bush totalise à la fin de son premier mandat un déficit de 413 milliards de dollars. En totalisant les dépenses déjà engagées et ses objectifs de réduction d'impôts, le [[Congressional budget office]] a calculé que le déficit pourrait dépasser les 4 000 milliards de dollars d'ici dix ans (la dette publique par habitant passant à 13 500 dollars par habitant). Durant son premier mandat, le [[chômage]] augmente pour la première fois depuis 1992 mais retombe au niveau de 1996 lors de l'élection présidentielle de 2004. Le début de récession du début de son mandat fait place à un spectaculaire redressement à la fin de l'année 2003 et des taux de croissance inégalés depuis 20 ans. === L’écologie et l’environnement === *Une de ses premières décisions dans ce domaine est le retrait des États-Unis du [[protocole de Kyoto]]. Son père avait déclaré un jour : « le style de vie américain n’est pas négociable » (''American way of life is non-negotiable''). Bill Clinton avait échoué à faire ratifier ce protocole par le Sénat et son retrait définitif pure et simple par Bush cristallisera son impopularité en [[Europe]]. *En [[2002]] et [[2003]], George W. Bush fait passer des lois permettant de passer outre la protection de certains [[parc naturel|parcs naturels]], permettant ainsi l’exploitation des ressources naturelles souterraines de ces forêts. Lors des incendies liés à la sécheresse planétaire de l’été [[2003]], il met en avant le besoin de déboiser davantage pour des raisons de sécurité. *Il modifie le ''[[clean air act]]'', texte sur le contrôle de la pollution de l'air, afin de le rendre moins strict. === Les mœurs === *Dès son élection en 2001, il nomme [[John Ashcroft]], connu pour ses positions anti-avortement, comme Attorney General (secrétaire à la justice). Il supprime les aides fédérales à des associations étrangères favorables à l'[[IVG]] et à la [[contraception]]. Pour faire face à la levée de boucliers consécutive, il confie à sa femme [[Laura Bush]] le soin de préciser que l'[[IVG]] aux États-Unis ne sera pas remise en question. *Des fonds d'aide humanitaire octroyés à des associations étrangères encourageant l'usage du [[préservatif]] ou venant en aide à des [[prostitution|prostituées]] sont supprimés en faveur d'autres prônant l'abstinence, dans le cadre de la lutte contre le [[SIDA]]. *L'association [[homosexualité|homosexuelle]] [[Parti républicain (États-Unis)|républicaine]], [http://www.lcr.org Log Cabin Republicans] se désolidarise de sa candidature lors de l'élection préidentielle de 2004 à cause notammanent de son hostilité au mariage [[gay]] d'autant plus que Bush en soutient l'interdiction constitutionnelle. Lors des 11 référendums locaux sur le sujet en novembre 2004, les électeurs ont refusé toute possibilité de mariage homosexuel. === La religion === George W. Bush est un « born-again christian », c’est-à-dire un [[chrétien]] qui redécouvre la [[foi]]. Il avoue prier plusieurs fois par jour et fait constamment référence plus ou moins ouvertement à des passages de la Bible dans ses discours. Il a ainsi gagné ses campagnes électorales en courtisant les [[Églises évangéliques|chrétiens évangéliques]]. Il a même conquis l'électorat catholique en 2004 en remportant plus de 50 % de ses suffrages contre un candidat pourtant issu de cette communauté. C'est pour des raisons religieuses que George W. Bush s'oppose à l'[[euthanasie]], aux recherches sur les [[cellules souches]] à partir d'embryons humains, soutient des positions hostiles à l'[[avortement]] et est formellement contre le [[mariage homosexuel]]. En revanche, il ne s'oppose pas à la [[peine de mort]] : selon George W. Bush, celle-ci « sauve des vies » en vertu de son « [[dissuasion|effet de dissuasion]] »[http://www.issues2000.org/2004/George_W__Bush_Crime.htm#Death_Penalty]. Le [[9 avril]] 2005, suite au décès de [[Jean-Paul II]], George W. Bush a été le premier président américain en exercice à assister personnellement à l'enterrement d'un [[pape]]. Il était accompagné de ses prédécesseurs [[Bill Clinton]] et [[George Bush]] père. === La justice === George W. Bush est en faveur de la [[peine de mort]] comme 66 % de ses compatriotes et 80 % des Texans. Il juge cette peine dissuasive. Le [[19 juillet]] 2005, George W. Bush procède à sa première nomination de juge à la [[Cour Suprême des États-Unis]] afin de remplacer le juge [[Sandra Day O'Connor]]. Son choix se porte sur [[John Roberts]], un juge de la Cour d'appel fédérale de Washington et républicain modéré, âgé d'à peine 50 ans. === Minorités === Le gouvernement Bush, premier comme second mandat, est le plus ouvert aux minorités ethniques que n'a jamais été jusque là un gouvernement américain : *Colin Powell est le premier afro-américain à occuper le poste de Secrétaire d'État aux affaires étrangères. *Condoleezza Rice est la première femme noire à occuper ce poste en 2005 après avoir été la 1ère femme noire, Conseillère à la sécurité nationale. *Elaine Chao est la première femme asiatique membre du gouvernement américain. *Mel Martinez est en 2001 le premier hispanique à entrer au gouvernement américain et Alberto Gonzales, en 2005 le premier hispanique au poste aussi élevé que celui d' ''Attorney Général''. *Outre ces personnalités, il faut rappeler la présence au gouvernement de Norman Mineta, asiatique et démocrate (déjà en poste sous Clinton), ainsi que Rod Paige, afro-américain et Secrétaire à l'éducation. *En 2003, Bush fait personnellement pression sur [[Trent Lott]], le leader républicain au sénat pour qu'il démissionne suite à des déclarations nostalgiques de la ségrégation raciale à l'occasion d'un hommage à l'ancien candidat à l'élection présidentielle de 1948, le sénateur centenaire ex-démocrate [[Strom Thurmond]]. == Politique internationale == George W. Bush est relativement impopulaire en dehors de son pays, en particulier dans certains pays d'[[Europe]] et dans les [[pays arabes]] depuis surtout la [[Guerre en Irak (2003-2004)]]. === La « guerre au terrorisme » et « l'expansion de la démocratie » === À la suite des attentats terroristes du [[11 septembre 2001]] à [[New York]] et [[Washington DC]], George W. Bush parvient à réunir le pays derrière lui (avec 90% d'opinions favorables). Il déclare la « guerre au terrorisme » et utilise un vocabulaire contesté (« mort ou vif », « croisade ») mais bien perçu dans une Amérique traumatisée . Parallèlement aux préparatifs de la guerre contre les [[Taliban]]s en [[Afghanistan]] qui ont refusé d'extrader [[Oussama Ben Laden]] et les membres d'[[Al-Qaida]], Bush instaure une politique de sécurité incarnée par le [[Patriot Act]], votée par le Congrès à l'unanimité en novembre 2001 mais jugé dangereux pour les droits de l'homme par la [http://www.fidh.org/article.php3?id_article=700 Fédération internationale des Droits de l'homme]. Thème central de la pensée des [[néo-conservateurs]], l'« expansion de la démocratie » devient le credo et l'objectif officiel de la politique américaine à partir du discours de George W. Bush devant le congrès en janvier 2002, durant lequel il pointe du doigt les pays de l'« Axe du Mal » que seraient l'Irak, l'[[Iran]] et la [[Corée du Nord]]. ''Voir l'article détaillé : [[théorie des dominos]]''. En février 2005, Bush nomme [[John Negroponte]] à la tête de la toute nouvelle Direction du Renseignement Américain (DNI), nouvelle fonction créée dans le cadre de la réforme des services de renseignement américains suite aux recommandations de la Commission du 11-Septembre, dont les conclusions avaient été publiées durant l'été 2004. ''Voir aussi l'article détaillé : [[guerre contre le terrorisme]]'' === La guerre en Irak === ''Voir l'article détaillé : [[Guerre en Irak (2003-2004)]]'' En [[2002]], influencé par les théories des [[néo-conservateurs]], George W. Bush évoque la nécessité d’un changement de régime en [[Irak]], indiquant que les États-Unis ont des raisons de croire que le président irakien [[Saddam Hussein]] possède des liens avec des groupes terroristes ([[liens entre l'Irak et le terrorisme]]) et développe un programme d’[[arme de destruction massive|armes de destruction massive]] (ADM). Le [[8 novembre]] [[2002]], la [[Résolutions du Conseil de sécurité de l'ONU|résolution]] 1441 du [[Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies|Conseil de Sécurité]] des [[Organisation des Nations unies|Nations unies]] exige du régime irakien une « coopération active, totale et immédiate » avec les équipes d'inspections dépêchées sur place. Estimant que les conditions de coopération ne sont pas remplies, le [[20 mars]] [[2003]], George W. Bush donne le signal d’une [[Guerre en Irak, 2003|invasion militaire de l’Irak]] en vue de renverser le régime en place. Il fait affecter les biens saisis de celui-ci à la reconstruction des infrastructures détruites par des missiles de croisière ou par les pillages. George W. Bush fait passer le [http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/executive_orders/2003.html#13303 décret 13303] donnant l’immunité totale aux compagnies pétrolières en Irak, tout procès à leur encontre étant immédiatement considéré comme nul et non avenu aux États-Unis. Cela renforce les accusations d'inféodation de George W. Bush et Dick Cheney aux [[lobby|lobbies]] de l'industrie du [[pétrole]]. Cette guerre se solde par la mort de dizaines de milliers d'Irakiens, de plus de 1 700 soldats américains, et des attentats quotidiens dans les régions sunnites du pays. Les armes de destruction massive (un « prétexte bureaucratique » selon [[Paul Wolfowitz]]), qui avaient tant servi sous le régime de [[Saddam Hussein]] contre les Kurdes ou les Chiites, n'ont pas été trouvées et auraient finalement bien été détruites dans les années qui avaient suivi la [[Guerre du Koweït (1990-1991)|Guerre du Golfe]] de [[1991]]. Quant aux liens du régime avec les organisations terroristes, ils avaient cessé depuis longtemps (Abou Nidal, Carlos) ou restaient faibles, se limitant à la simple présence sur place de membres d'organisations terroristes (Moudjahidines iraniens). Cependant, pour les partisans de l'intervention américaine, la mise à jour de charniers contenant des centaines de millers de victimes du régime de Saddam Hussein, justifient toujours le renversement par la force du dictateur irakien. Enfin, l'intervention américaine a permis au pays de connaitre le [[31 janvier]] 2005 ses premières élections démocratiques depuis 50 ans. D'après une enquête publiée le [[27 juin]] 2005 par [[ABC]]/[[Washington Post]], plus d'un Américain sur deux pense (au moment du sondage) que George W. Bush a « intentionnellement trompé » l'opinion américaine sur les raisons d'engager cette guerre. 53% des personnes interrogées jugent que le conflit n'en valait pas la peine, 58 % estiment que les soldats américains doivent demeurer en Irak pour rétablir l'ordre. <small>(source : ''Le Monde'' et AFP, 28 juin 2005)</small>. Cette guerre est à l’origine de graves tensions diplomatiques au sein de l’[[Organisation des Nations unies|ONU]], de l’[[Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique Nord|OTAN]] et avec certains pays comme la [[France]] et l’[[Allemagne]]. Les motivations américaines dans cette affaire sont encores discutées mais pour certains, les intérêts pétroliers des États-Unis sont l’une des principales motivations de la politique belliqueuse du gouvernement Bush. Selon le journaliste Mickey Herskowitz, George W. Bush voulait attaquer l'Irak avant même son élection. ''Pour plus d'informations, voir [http://www.gnn.tv/articles/article.php?id=761 l'article de Guerilla News Network.] (en anglais).'' === Le conflit israélo-palestinien === George W. Bush, très critiqué par les pays arabes pour son soutien exclusif à Israël, a pourtant été le premier président américain a évoquer officiellement la création d'un État palestinien. La « feuille de route », pour le règlement du conflit israélo-palestinien, rédigée par les États-Unis, la Russie, l'Union européenne et l'ONU, prévoit la création d'un État palestinien en 2005. Le soutien de Bush à [[Ariel Sharon]] et son refus de converser avec une direction palestinienne dirigée par [[Yasser Arafat]] a amené les Palestiniens à se tourner vers un chef modéré, [[Mahmoud Abbas]], à la mort du Rais à l'automne 2004. En janvier 2005, les négociations reprennent alors dans un nouveau contexte entre Palestiniens et Israéliens, appuyés par les Américains. Le [[26 mai]] 2005 , George W Bush reçoit [[Mahmoud Abbas]] à la [[Maison Blanche]] et rappelle que le respect de la [[feuille de route]] de part et d'autre est fondamental pour l'aboutissement du processus de [[paix]]. === Les relations avec l'Europe === Les relations entre les États-Unis et une partie des pays européens se sont détériorées à partir du discours sur l'« axe du mal » et ont atteint un grave niveau de dissension au moment de la [[guerre en Irak]]. C'est à cette époque que [[Donald Rumsfeld]], le secrétaire à la défense, fait une distinction entre la « vieille Europe », représentée par l'[[Allemagne]], la [[France]] et la [[Belgique]], et la nouvelle Europe américanophile représentée par les anciens pays de l'Est et quelques pays de l'Ouest comme la [[Grande-Bretagne]], l'Italie, le [[Danemark]] ou l'[[Espagne]] (lettre des dix de soutien à la stratégie américaine en Irak en janvier 2003). Après la chute se [[Saddam Hussein]], la stratégie américaine, définie par [[Condoleezza Rice]], est de « punir la France, ignorer l'Allemagne et pardonner à la [[Russie]] ». En 2004, les États-Unis ajoutent l'Espagne à leur liste des pays hostiles à la prépondérance américaine, après la victoire du socialiste [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]], lequel souhaite publiquement et imprudemment la victoire de [[John Kerry]] aux présidentielles de novembre 2004, énonçant à voix haute le souhait des dirigeants de nombreux pays européens comme la France ou l'Allemagne. En févier 2005, Bush effectue le premier voyage à l'étranger de son second mandat en [[Europe]] pour tenter de conquérir l'opinion publique et se racommoder avec les dirigeants européens. Il est le premier chef d'État américain à se rendre au siège de la commision européenne à [[Bruxelles]] où il constate de nombreux points de désaccords persistants avec quelques pays européens, et plus particulièrement la France et l'Allemagne : * George W. Bush s'oppose ainsi à la levée de l'embargo sur les ventes d'armes à la [[Chine]], notamment afin de protéger [[Taiwan]], alors que les Français font pression auprès des européens pour lever cette interdiction ; * George W. Bush souhaite que l'Europe inscrive également le mouvement chiite pro-iranien [[Hezbollah]] comme organisation terroriste, ce à quoi la France s'oppose ; * George W. Bush souhaite appliquer un nouvel embargo économique contre la [[Syrie]] (pour que celle-ci se retire du [[Liban]]), mais là encore il se heurte à un refus de la France, doutant de l'efficacité de cette mesure ; * George W. bush, tout d'abord favorable à un durcissement de la communautée internationale envers l'[[Iran]] pour la contraindre à renoncer à son programme nucléaire, finit par se rapprocher de la position des Européens qui sont partisans d'un dialogue constructif avec le régime des [[Mollah]]s ; * Les Européens souhaitent la participation des États-Unis à la mise en œuvre du [[protocole de Kyoto]] ; * Enfin, les Européens laissent seul George W. Bush s'inquiéter de l'évolution de la Russie et demander des gages de démocratie à [[Vladimir Poutine]]. La visite présidentielle, si elle a rétabli le contact, a ainsi permis à l'opinion publique d'apprécier l'étendue des divergences entre Européens de l'Ouest et Américains. Par contre, les Européens de l'Est sont nettement moins hostiles au président américain, notamment en [[Pologne]], dans les [[pays baltes]], en [[Ukraine]], en [[Géorgie]] ou en [[Slovaquie]]. Le [[7 mai]] 2005, George W. Bush se rend en [[Lettonie]] où il est chaleureusement accueilli comme un défenseur des libertés. Dans son discours, en pleine controverse historique entre les États baltes et la [[Russie]] sur l'occupation soviétique de [[1945]], Bush n'hésite pas à apporter son soutien aux États baltes en rappelant que ces derniers n'ont été libéré qu'en [[1991]], après la fin de l'occupation soviétique, au risque de crisper ses relations avec la Russie. Après avoir admis que « l'esclavage et la ségrégation raciale avaient été une honte » pour les Etats-Unis, il a regretté la division de l'Europe, conséquence des [[accords de Yalta]] et que « les Américains aient sacrifié la liberté des plus faibles à une illusion de stabilité internationale ». La suite de son voyage le conduit notamment en Géorgie, une ancienne république d'[[URSS]], récemment émancipée de la tutelle russe grâce au soutien financier des Américains via leurs ONG. Premier président américain à fouler le sol géorgien, il y est là encore chaleureusement reçu par une foule enthousiaste de 150 000 personnes. Le [[23 juin]] 2005 , les représentants officiels de L'Union Européenne et le Président des États-Unis font, en l'absence de [[Jacques Chirac]], une déclaration commune sur l'avenir de la [[paix]] et de la [[démocratie]] au Moyen Orient. Cette déclaration commune met fin au climat de tension entre l'Europe et les États-Unis initié par la position de Paris et Berlin concernant l'[[Irak]]. === Politique africaine === Le [[20 juillet]] [[2005]], [[Washington D.C.|Washington]] a fait savoir, par l'intermédiaire de la [[Département d'État des États-Unis d'Amérique|secrétaire d'état]] [[Condoleezza Rice]], la création d'un programme d'aide pour le continent [[Afrique|africain]]. À la fin du congrès sur la "Coopération commerciale et économique entre les États-Unis et l'Afrique subsaharienne", les [[États-Unis]] ont annoncé la fondation d'un ''"fonds pour la diversification de l'économie africaine"''. Selon ''Le Monde'' (20 juillet 2005), ''"les États-Unis sont les premiers fournisseurs d'aide bilatérale à l'Afrique'' pour un montant de 3,2 milliards de dollars en [[2004]]. === Divers === En juin 2005, le Premier ministre vietnamien [[Phan Van Khai]], se rend aux États-Unis, symbolisant ainsi la normalisation des relations entre [[Washington DC|Washington]] et [[Hanoï]], trente ans après la fin de la [[guerre du Vietnam]]. La visite de Phan Van Khai est la première d'un officiel vietnamien de ce rang depuis [[1975]]. La visite du président Bush au Vietnam est annoncée pour [[2006]], dans le cadre du sommet du forum de coopération Asie-Pacifique (aupraravant, Bill Clinton s'était rendu au Vietnam en 2000). == Anecdotes et citations == * Alors qu'il était encore gouverneur et candidat à l'élection présidentielle de 2000, George W. Bush aurait avoué avoir fumé de la marijuana, à l'instar de son prédécesseur [[Bill Clinton]] et de son adversaire Al Gore. Cependant, il a toujours refusé de l'avouer publiquement sous le prétexte que le président des États-Unis devait être un exemple et non une référence en matière de consommation de drogues : « I wouldn’t answer the marijuana questions, a dit George W. Bush. You know why? Because I don’t want some little kid doing what I tried. » * À propos de ses démentis sur la cocaïne, il répond « I haven't denied anything. » * « Certains pensent que les États-Unis sont prêts à attaquer l'Iran. C'est ridicule... Cela dit, toutes les options restent ouvertes. » Conférence de presse de George W. Bush le 22 février 2005 à Bruxelles. ==Voir aussi== * [[Axe du mal]] * [[Fahrenheit 9/11]] * [[Guerre contre le terrorisme]] * [[Néo-conservatisme]] == Liens externes == {{Wikisource}} {{Wikiquote}} *[http://www.whitehouse.gov/Site Site de la Maison Blanche] *[http://www.whitehouse.gov/president/gwbbio.html Biographie de George W. Bush] Famille * [http://www.hierarchypedia.com/wiki/index.php/Bush_family Arbre de famille de Bush] * [http://www.blue-blood.co.uk/ Les cousins de Bush] (en anglais) Vie avant la politique * [http://www.andover.edu/ Andover Philips Academy] * [http://www.parascope.com/articles/0997/skullbones.htm Skull & Bones] Politique * [http://geoelections.free.fr/USA/accueil.htm Carte par comtés grossissable de l'élection de 2004 et explications du vote par la carte (plus 2000, 1996...)] * [http://www.whitehouse.gov/nsc/nss.pdf Politique nationale de défense ] * [http://www.lexpress.fr/info/monde/dossier/bush/dossier.asp?ida=417405 Un article de L'Express] * [http://fr.wikiquote.org/wiki/George_Walker_Bush Citations de George Walker Bush] * [http://www.onze-septembre.com/bio_27.php George W. Bush et les attentats du 11 septembre] == Bibliographie == *[[2004]] : [[Bob Woodward]], ''Bush s'en va-t-en guerre''. Paris : Denoël. 380 p. Ouvrage soutenant totalement le président américain, rédigé par un des « tombeurs » de [[Richard Nixon]]. *[[2004]] : Scott Ritter (ancien inspecteur de l'ONU en charge du désarmement de l'Irak), ''Les Mensonges de George W. Bush''. Le Serpent à plumes. 216 p. *[[2004]] : Kitty Kelley, ''les Bush''. Presses de la Cité. 680 p. Pour les amateurs de ragots et d'histoires « croustillantes », par une « spécialiste » du « genre »... *[[2004]] : John F. Dean, ''Bush, le dossier accablant''. Presses de la Renaissance. 320 p. *[[2004]] : William Reymond, ''Bush Land'', pamphlet (sur le Texas, notamment). Paris : Éditions Flammarion. 455 p. *[[2004]] : [[Christine Ockrent]], ''Bush-Kerry, les deux Amérique''. Paris : Éditions Robert Laffont. 294 p. * [[2004]]: [[Guy Millière]], ''Pourquoi Bush sera réélu''. Paris : Editions Michalon, 157 p. * [[2005]]: Bruno Tertrais, ''Quatre ans pour changer le monde, l'Amérique de Bush 2005-2008''. Editions Autrement, 100 p. {{Président des États-Unis d'Amérique}} 5528 2005-07-23T01:10:17Z 199.8.238.219 [[ang:George W. Bush]] [[ar:جورج و. بوش]] [[bg:Джордж У. Буш]] [[ca:George Walker Bush]] [[cs:George W. Bush]] [[cy:George W. Bush]] [[da:George W. Bush]] [[de:George W. Bush]] [[et:George W. Bush]] [[en:George W. Bush]] [[es:George Walker Bush]] [[eo:George W. BUSH]] [[ga:George W. Bush]] [[gl:George Walker Bush]] [[ko:조지 W. 부시]] [[hr:George W. Bush]] [[io:George W. Bush]] [[id:George W. Bush]] [[is:George W. Bush]] [[it:George Walker Bush]] [[he:ג'ורג' ווקר בוש]] [[kn:ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಬುಷ್]] [[la:Georgius W. Bush]] [[li:George W. Bush]] [[hu:George W. Bush]] [[ms:George W. Bush]] [[zh-min-nan:George W. Bush]] [[nl:George Walker Bush]] [[nds:George W. Bush]] [[ja:ジョージ・ウォーカー・ブッシュ]] [[nb:George W. Bush]] [[nn:George Walker Bush]] [[pl:George W. Bush]] [[pt:George W. Bush]] [[ro:George W. Bush]] [[ru:Буш, Джордж Уокер]] [[scn:George W. Bush]] [[simple:George W. Bush]] [[sk:George W. Bush]] [[sl:George W. Bush]] [[sr:Џорџ В. Буш]] [[fi:George W. Bush]] [[sv:George W. Bush]] [[th:จอร์จ ดับเบิลยู. บุช]] [[vi:George W. Bush]] [[tr:George W. Bush]] [[zh:乔治·沃克·布什]] [[so:George W. Bush]] [[Category:Mokambi ekolo ya Lisanga ya Amerika|Bush, George Walker]] [[Category:Bitumba pona kobuka bobángisɛmi|Bush, George Walker]] [[Category:Ebótami na 1946|Bush, George Walker]] {{FichePresidentUS| nompresident={{PAGENAME}}| image=[[Image:GeorgeWBush.jpg|260px|{{PAGENAME}}]]| numero=43<sup><small>e</small><sup>| mandat=[[20 janvier]] [[2001]]| datenaissance=[[6 juillet]] [[1946]]| lieunaissance=[[New Haven]], <br />[[Connecticut]]| datedécès=| lieudécès=| profession=[[Homme d'affaires]]| partipolitique=[[Parti républicain (États-Unis)|Républicain]]| vicepresident=[[Dick Cheney]] }} '''[[Media:En-us-George Walker Bush.ogg|George Walker Bush]]''' (né le [[6 juillet]] [[1946]]), mwana ya [[George Herbert Walker Bush]] mpe ya Barbara Pierce, azali banda [[2001]] mokambi ekolo ya [[Lisanga ya Amerika|Lisanga ya Amerika]] ya 43{{e}}. Membre du [[Parti républicain (États-Unis)|Parti républicain]], élu deux fois gouverneur de l’État du [[Texas]] entre [[1994]] et [[1998]] puis entre 1998 et [[2000]], date à laquelle il abandonne son poste de gouverneur suite à sa victoire aux élections présidentielles. Il est élu président pour un second mandat le [[2 novembre]] [[2004]]. == George W. Bush : libota naye, Kotanga naye, Mosala naye == [[Image:Entire_Bush_family.jpg|300px|thumb|left|La famille Bush]] Aîné d'une famille de six enfants, George W. Bush naît la première année du [[Baby boom]] à Midland, dans l'[[Texas|État du Texas]]. Il a deux sœurs, dont une décédée à l'âge de trois ans à la suite d'une opération pour traiter sa leucémie ayant mal tourné et trois frères, dont [[John Ellis Bush]] (« Jeb ») qui naît sept ans après lui. Arrivant en [[1959]] à [[Houston]] lorsque son père déménage sa compagnie pétrolière, prospère, dans cette ville, il étudie au célèbre pensionnat pour garçons de la [[Phillips Academy]] à [[Andover (Massachusetts)|Andover]], dans le [[Massachusetts]], considéré à l'époque comme la « plus dure école privée d'Amérique » par le ''[[Time Magazine]]''. Il est admis à [[Yale]] où il joint une confrérie secrète devenue célèbre par la suite : les ''[[Skull and Bones]]'', comme son père et [[John Kerry]], son rival à l'élection présidentielle de 2004. [[Image:GW-Bush-in-uniform.jpg|180px|thumb|George W. Bush en uniforme de la garde nationale]] Il fait son service militaire en s'engageant dans la Garde Nationale en [[1968]] où il devient pilote d'un [[F-102]], raison pour laquelle il n'est pas engagé dans la [[Guerre du Viêt Nam]]. Pendant son incorporation, il profite de ses congés pour participer à des campagnes électorales. Il est admis à la prestigieuse Université de [[Harvard]] lorsque son service militaire se termine, après avoir été refusé à la faculté de droit de l'Université du Texas ; il obtient sa maîtrise en administration en [[1975]]. En [[1978]], il se présente à la [[Chambre des Représentants des États-Unis d'Amérique|chambre des Représentants]] mais perd contre [[Kent Hance]], son adversaire démocrate et élu local du Texas. Il commence alors sa carrière dans l'industrie du [[pétrole]] avec la création de ''Arbusto Energy'' (''arbusto'' signifie ''bush'' en espagnol), une entreprise de recherche de pétrole et de gaz. Cette entreprise doit faire face à la crise en [[1979]] et, après l'avoir renommée ''Bush Exploration'', George W. Bush la revend en [[1984]] à ''Spectrum 7'', un de ses concurrents texans dont il prend la tête. La crise suivante ([[1985]]-[[1987]]) provoque le même scénario qui place George W. Bush à la tête de ''Harken Energy''. Certains accusent alors son père (président des États-Unis) d'avoir fait pression pour que certains éléments troublants lors de cette vente ne soient pas à l'origine d'une enquête approfondie. D'autres répondent que l'arrivée de [[Bill Clinton]] n'a rien changé à l'affaire, prouvant l'indépendance des enquêtes. Après avoir travaillé sur la campagne victorieuse de son père, en [[1988]], il rassemble de proches amis et achète les [[Texas Rangers]], une équipe de [[Base-ball]], en [[1989]]. On l'accuse par la suite d'avoir bénéficié de pressions politiques dans le cadre de cet achat. == Le gouverneur du Texas (1994-2000) == [[Image:Gouverneur_Bush.jpg|180px|thumb|portrait officiel du gouverneur Bush]] Bush revend l'équipe des [[Texas Rangers]] en [[1994]], lors de son élection au poste de Gouverneur du [[Texas]]. Pour atteindre ce poste, il bat la très populaire démocrate et gouverneur sortant, [[Ann Richards]]. Il est alors le deuxième gouverneur républicain du Texas depuis [[1877]] et le premier gouverneur de cet État à remplir deux mandats complets de quatre ans car en 1998, il est réélu avec 69% des voix. Sa politique est très remarquée, notamment en Europe pour l'utilisation prononcée de la [[peine de mort]] : il signe l'ordre d'exécution de la sentence judiciaire pour 152 prisonniers reconnus coupables de crimes et condamnés à mort. Il aura gracié un seul condamné lors de son mandat et aura refusé d'accorder des sursis à de nombreux autres malgré, dans certains cas, leurs demandes de pouvoir recourir aux tests ADN pour prouver leur éventuelle innocence. Il manoeuvre également habilement avec les élus démocrates, majoritaires au Congrès local, si bien que bon nombre d'entre eux se rallieront à lui lors de sa campagne présidentielle de 2000. == Scrutins présidentiels == === L'élection de 2000 === [[Image:GoreBush.jpg|180px|thumb|George W. Bush et Al Gore]] L'élection présidentielle de [[2000]] met face à face George W. Bush à [[Al Gore]], vice-président des États-Unis et candidat du [[Parti démocrate (États-Unis)|parti démocrate]]. Après s'être imposé avec difficulté lors des primaires contre [[John McCain]], le sénateur de l'[[Arizona]], George W. Bush axe sa campagne sur les affaires intérieures du pays, et promet d’abaisser substantiellement le niveau d’engagement extérieur des États-Unis, conformément à la tradition isolationniste du parti Républicain. Durant cette campagne, Bush s'entoure d'experts politique comme [[Karl Rove]] (un ami de la famille et stratègiste confirmé en campagne électorale), [[Karen Hughes]], une conseillère du Texas ou encore [[Dick Cheney]], ancien secrétaire d'état à la défense, qu'il choisit comme candidat à la vice-présidence. Au soir des élections, Gore devance Bush de près de 500 mille voix au niveau national mais les deux candidats sont au coude à coude au niveau des états et des grands électeurs lesquels élisent le Président. Les résultats sont si serrés dans certains états, comme le [[Nouveau-Mexique]] et la [[Floride]] (dont le gouverneur n'est d'ailleurs autre que « Jeb » Bush), qu’il faut parfois mettre en place un second décompte. Des défauts et ambiguïtés dans certains formulaires de vote provoquent des disputes dans des bureaux de votes, en particulier en Floride où l'écart n'est que d'une centaine de voix, et où plusieurs milliers de bulletins sont déclarés invalides. Au Nouveau-Mexique, après avoir été déclaré vainqueur avec dix mille voix d'avance, un nouveau recomptage voit l'avance d'Al Gore fondre à trois cent voix. En Floride, des irrégularités sont avancées comme la fermeture inexpliquée de certains bureaux de votes dans des quartiers pauvres ou la population s'exprime majoritairement en faveur du parti démocrate. Le décompte des voix est long car un recomptage méthodique est ordonné en particulier dans trois comtés litigieux mais à la fin de celui-ci George Bush est encore gagnant avec 1500 voix environ d'avance. Les avocats d'Al Gore obtiennent cependant de la cour suprême de Floride (dont six juges sur sept sont démocrates) un nouveau recomptage manuel dans trois comtés, ceux de Miami-Dade, Palm Beach et Broward. Ce faisant, la cour de Floride dépasse ses compétences judiciaires et réécrit le code électoral ce qui sera immédiatement contesté devant la [[Cour suprême des États-Unis]] par les avocats de George W. Bush, d'autant plus que les trois comtés litigieux sont majoritairement dominé par les démocrates et sont les plus aptes à apporter à Al Gore une réserve de voix suffisante pour le faire élire. Après un premier avertissement à la Cour suprême de Floride sur le dépassement de ses prérogatives et son empiètement sur le domaine législatif, la Cour suprême des États-Unis (dont sept juges sur neuf ont été nommés par des présidents républicains) finit par annuler l'ultime recomptage manuel des voix en Floride, jugé illégal par cinq voix contre quatre alors que seul le comté de Miami-Dade n'a pas fini de procéder au recomptage manuel et qu'Al Gore est toujours devancé de plus d'une centaine de voix et c'est ainsi que George W. Bush est finalement désigné président des États-Unis d'Amérique par la cour suprême, de justesse grâce aux voix de [[Floride]] qui lui permettent d'obtenir les voix de 271 grands électeurs contre 266 à Al Gore. Les journaux titrèrent dès le lendemain « ''President was selected by Supreme Court'' », avec un jeu de mot entre ''elected'' (élu) et ''selected'' (choisi). À aucun moment Al Gore n'a réussi à devancer George Bush lors des recomptages de Floride et en mars 2001, un consortium de plusieurs journaux américains font effectuer à leurs frais un recomptage des bulletins dans les trois comtés clés mais aussi dans toute la Floride. Selon les différentes hypothèses envisagées, leurs conclusions furent que si la Cour n'avait pas interrompu le recomptage manuel, George Bush aurait quand même gagné l'élection ou l'aurait perdu de trois voix dans une seule hypothèse face à Al Gore. Ce n'est pas la première fois dans l'histoire du pays qu'un président est investi avec moins de voix que son adversaire au plan national. Au XIX {{e}} siècle, [[Rutherford B. Hayes]] et [[Benjamin Harrison]] ont été aussi élu avec moins de voix que leur adversaire. [[John F. Kennedy]] a gagné contre [[Richard Nixon]] en 1960 avec 100 mille voix d'avance. Le [[29 octobre]] [[2002]], Bush signa un projet de loi du congrès, intitulé le [[Help America Vote Act of 2002]], afin de généraliser l’utilisation des machines pour enregistrer les votes. === La réélection de 2004 === [[Image:Bush_2004.jpg|180px|thumb|Bush en campagne]] Lors de l'élection présidentielle de [[2004]], George W. Bush est opposé au sénateur démocrate [[John Kerry]]. Tout d'abord à la traîne dans les sondages, il profite du manque de dynamisme de son adversaire pour prendre une avance importante, avec une argumentation fondée sur le manque de constance politique du sénateur. Ce dernier surprend cependant le public lors du premier débat télévisé, attaquant frontalement le président sur la « colossale erreur » de la guerre en Irak : la campagne est relancée. Lors des deux débats suivants, les candidats s'affrontent sans que l'un des deux prenne réellement l'avantage. Le scrutin se présente une fois de plus comme étant très serré et c'est George W. Bush qui est réélu lors du vote du [[2 novembre]] [[2004]] avec un score historique de plus de 62 millions d'électeurs contre 59 millions à John Kerry lequel admet sa défaite dès le lendemain du scrutin. Le camp républicain remporte également une victoire historique dans les élections pour le renouvellement du Sénat et de la Chambre des représentants. [[Image:Gastner map purple byarea bycounty.png|300px|thumb|Résultat des présidentielles 2004 par comté]] Le clivage entre les « états rouges » républicains et les « états bleus » démocrates est aussi tranché qu'en 2000 entre Bush et Gore. Les villes du nord-est et du nord comme [[Boston]], [[New York]] et [[Chicago]], les villes de la côte ouest comme [[San Francisco]], [[Los Angeles]] et [[Seattle]], qui représentent les états ayant les plus fortes concentrations de population, s'ancrent dans le camp démocrate. Cependant en terme de comtés, l'avantage est largement aux républicains. Les trois quarts des comtés américains ont voté pour Bush et seuls ceux de la Nouvelle Angleterre, d'Hawaii et les comtés urbains de la côte Ouest ont voté majoritairement pour John Kerry. Par exemple, 54 des 67 comtés de [[Pennsylvanie]] ont voté pour George W. Bush mais l'état a été remporté de justesse par Kerry grâce à ses scores dans les deux grandes villes de [[Pittsburgh]] et [[Philadelphie]]. La plupart des grandes villes situées dans des états à majorité républicaine ont en général voté démocrate : [[Atlanta]], [[Miami]], [[Las Vegas]], [[La Nouvelle-Orléans]], etc. [[San Diego]] en Californie fait un choix inverse en choisissant George W. Bush dans un état « pro-Kerry ». Les états ruraux (la ''bible belt'' et le ''middle-west''), autrefois bastion démocrate, ont soutenu les républicains. Cette opposition géo-politique s'explique notamment par le profil sociologique des habitants de la plupart des grandes villes qui correspond ainsi à celui de l'électeur démocrate traditionnel (prépondérance des célibataires, des femmes, et des minorités ethniques) alors que la sociologie des banlieues (le ''borough'' de [[Staten Island]] à New York ou le [[Comté d'Orange (Californie)|comté d'Orange]] près de Los Angeles par exemple) et des villes rurales ([[Charleston]] en [[Caroline du Sud]]) correspond à celui de l'électeur républicain (hommes blancs, couples mariés avec enfants). Ainsi, la problématique étatique semble peu pertinente. C'est un nouveau clivage entre deux mondes aux valeurs bien différentes qui semble s'affirmer : l'un serait citadin des grandes villes et démocrate tandis que l'autre, plus rural ou habitant les banlieues résidentielles, est républicain. Le résultat définitif de l'élection est le suivant : George W. Bush obtient 62 041 268 voix (50,7 %) contre 59 028 548 à John Kerry (48,3 %), 463 635 à Ralph Nader (0,4 %) et 397 157 à Michal Badnarik (libertarien, 0,3 %). Les autres candidats recueillent ensemble 365 170 suffrages (0,3 %). Les grands électeurs se répartissent ainsi: 286 pour George W. Bush, 251 pour John Kerry et 1 pour John Edwards, le colisiter de John Kerry. Alors qu'Al Gore avait un demi-million de voix de plus que George W. Bush en 2000, celui-ci en a cette fois-ci trois millions de plus que John Kerry. En raison de la plus forte participation électorale, George W. Bush et John Kerry ont l'un et l'autre établi des records en ce qui concerne le nombre de voix recueilli. George Bush a passé de 50,4 à 62 millions (gain de 11.6 millions), John Kerry par rapport à Al Gore a gagné 8 millions de voix (de 51 à 59 millions). Ralph Nader s'est effondré, passant de 2,9 à 0,46 million. George W. Bush a gagné 2,8 points, John Kerry a perdu 0,1 point et Ralph Nader 2,3 points. == Composition du cabinet == === Premier mandat (2001-2005) et second mandat (2005-2009) === {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" align="left" !bgcolor="#000000" colspan="3"| |- |align="left"|'''Fonction'''||align="left"|'''Nom'''||align="left"|'''Mandat''' |- !bgcolor="#000000" colspan="3"| |- |[[Président des Etats-Unis|Président]] || '''[[George W. Bush]]''' || 2001— |- |[[Vice-Président des Etats-Unis|Vice Président]] || '''[[Dick Cheney]]''' || 2001— |- !bgcolor="#000000" colspan="3"| |- |[[Département d'État|Chef de la diplomatie]] || '''[[Colin Powell|Colin L. Powell]]''' || 2001–2005 |- | || '''[[Condoleezza Rice]]''' || 2005— |- |[[Département de la Défense|Secrétaire à la Défense]] || '''[[Donald Rumsfeld|Donald H. Rumsfeld]]''' || 2001— |- |[[Département du Trésor|Secrétaire au Trésor]] || '''[[Paul O'Neill|Paul H. O'Neill]]''' || 2001–2003 |- | || '''[[John W. Snow]]''' || 2003— |- |[[Ministre de la justice/Attorney général]] || '''[[John Ashcroft|John D. Ashcroft]]''' || 2001–2005 |- | || '''[[Alberto R. Gonzales]]''' || 2005— |- |[[Secrétaire à l'Intérieur]] || '''[[Gale Norton|Gale A. Norton]]''' || 2001— |- |[[Secrétaire à l'Agriculture]] || '''[[Ann Veneman|Ann M. Veneman]]''' || 2001–2005 |- | || '''[[Mike Johanns]]''' || 2005— |- |[[Secrétaire au commerce]] || '''[[Donald Evans|Donald L. Evans]]''' ||2001–2005 |- | || '''[[Carlos Gutierrez|Carlos M. Gutierrez]]''' || 2005— |- |[[Secrétaire au Travail]] || '''[[Elaine Chao|Elaine L. Chao]]''' || 2001— |- |[[Secrétaire à la Santé et aux Services humains]] || '''[[Tommy Thompson]]''' || 2001–2005 |- | || '''[[Michael O. Leavitt]]''' || 2005— |- |[[Secrétaire au Logement et au Développement urbain]] || '''[[Mel Martinez]]''' || 2001–2003 |- | || '''[[Alphonso Jackson|Alphonso R. Jackson]]''' || 2004— |- |[[Secrétaire aux Transports]] || '''[[Norman Mineta|Norman Y. Mineta]]''' || 2001— |- |[[Secrétaire à l'Énergie]] || '''[[Spencer Abraham]]''' || 2001–2005 |- | || '''[[Samuel W. Bodman]]''' || 2005— |- |[[Secrétaire à l'Éducation]] || '''[[Rod Paige]]''' || 2001–2005 |- | || '''[[Margaret Spellings]]''' || 2005— |- |[[Secrétaire aux Anciens combattants]] || '''[[Anthony Principi|Anthony J. Principi]]''' || 2001–2005 |- | || '''[[Jim Nicholson]]''' || 2005— |- |[[Secrétaire à la Sécurité intérieure]] || '''[[Tom Ridge]]''' || 2003–2005 |- | || '''[[Michael Chertoff]]''' || 2005— |} <br clear="all"> == Politique nationale == George W. Bush est lié aux franges les plus [[conservatisme|conservatrices]] du Parti républicain. Il est, avec [[Bill Clinton]], l'un des présidents ayant le plus suscité des jugements extrêmes et contradictoires auprès des Américains. En juin 2005, les télespectateurs américains ont pourtant placé George W. Bush en sixième position dans leur [[Liste des personnalités des États-Unis|liste des plus grands américains]], derrière les présidents [[Ronald Reagan]] ou [[Abraham Lincoln]] mais devant son prédécesseur [[Bill Clinton]]. === Économie === Il commence son mandat présidentiel avec le poids d’une situation [[économie|économique]] difficile après l’éclatement de la [[bulle internet]] et sous la menace de [[récession]]. Il tente d'imposer des taxes douanières élevées sur certains produits subissant une concurrence étrangère importante dans des [[secteur primaire|secteurs primaires]] déclinants ([[sidérurgie]], [[agriculture]]). Il met en place les plus grandes baisses d'impôt jamais enregistrées, dans le but de relancer la [[consommation]] américaine. Il augmente les budgets de sécurité intérieure et extérieure mais baisse les dépenses des programmes non militaires. Les dépenses de l'état augmentent de 20 % en quatre ans. Si [[Bill Clinton]] avait laissé à son départ un bénéfice de 236 milliards de dollars, George W. Bush totalise à la fin de son premier mandat un déficit de 413 milliards de dollars. En totalisant les dépenses déjà engagées et ses objectifs de réduction d'impôts, le [[Congressional budget office]] a calculé que le déficit pourrait dépasser les 4 000 milliards de dollars d'ici dix ans (la dette publique par habitant passant à 13 500 dollars par habitant). Durant son premier mandat, le [[chômage]] augmente pour la première fois depuis 1992 mais retombe au niveau de 1996 lors de l'élection présidentielle de 2004. Le début de récession du début de son mandat fait place à un spectaculaire redressement à la fin de l'année 2003 et des taux de croissance inégalés depuis 20 ans. === L’écologie et l’environnement === *Une de ses premières décisions dans ce domaine est le retrait des États-Unis du [[protocole de Kyoto]]. Son père avait déclaré un jour : « le style de vie américain n’est pas négociable » (''American way of life is non-negotiable''). Bill Clinton avait échoué à faire ratifier ce protocole par le Sénat et son retrait définitif pure et simple par Bush cristallisera son impopularité en [[Europe]]. *En [[2002]] et [[2003]], George W. Bush fait passer des lois permettant de passer outre la protection de certains [[parc naturel|parcs naturels]], permettant ainsi l’exploitation des ressources naturelles souterraines de ces forêts. Lors des incendies liés à la sécheresse planétaire de l’été [[2003]], il met en avant le besoin de déboiser davantage pour des raisons de sécurité. *Il modifie le ''[[clean air act]]'', texte sur le contrôle de la pollution de l'air, afin de le rendre moins strict. === Les mœurs === *Dès son élection en 2001, il nomme [[John Ashcroft]], connu pour ses positions anti-avortement, comme Attorney General (secrétaire à la justice). Il supprime les aides fédérales à des associations étrangères favorables à l'[[IVG]] et à la [[contraception]]. Pour faire face à la levée de boucliers consécutive, il confie à sa femme [[Laura Bush]] le soin de préciser que l'[[IVG]] aux États-Unis ne sera pas remise en question. *Des fonds d'aide humanitaire octroyés à des associations étrangères encourageant l'usage du [[préservatif]] ou venant en aide à des [[prostitution|prostituées]] sont supprimés en faveur d'autres prônant l'abstinence, dans le cadre de la lutte contre le [[SIDA]]. *L'association [[homosexualité|homosexuelle]] [[Parti républicain (États-Unis)|républicaine]], [http://www.lcr.org Log Cabin Republicans] se désolidarise de sa candidature lors de l'élection préidentielle de 2004 à cause notammanent de son hostilité au mariage [[gay]] d'autant plus que Bush en soutient l'interdiction constitutionnelle. Lors des 11 référendums locaux sur le sujet en novembre 2004, les électeurs ont refusé toute possibilité de mariage homosexuel. === La religion === George W. Bush est un « born-again christian », c’est-à-dire un [[chrétien]] qui redécouvre la [[foi]]. Il avoue prier plusieurs fois par jour et fait constamment référence plus ou moins ouvertement à des passages de la Bible dans ses discours. Il a ainsi gagné ses campagnes électorales en courtisant les [[Églises évangéliques|chrétiens évangéliques]]. Il a même conquis l'électorat catholique en 2004 en remportant plus de 50 % de ses suffrages contre un candidat pourtant issu de cette communauté. C'est pour des raisons religieuses que George W. Bush s'oppose à l'[[euthanasie]], aux recherches sur les [[cellules souches]] à partir d'embryons humains, soutient des positions hostiles à l'[[avortement]] et est formellement contre le [[mariage homosexuel]]. En revanche, il ne s'oppose pas à la [[peine de mort]] : selon George W. Bush, celle-ci « sauve des vies » en vertu de son « [[dissuasion|effet de dissuasion]] »[http://www.issues2000.org/2004/George_W__Bush_Crime.htm#Death_Penalty]. Le [[9 avril]] 2005, suite au décès de [[Jean-Paul II]], George W. Bush a été le premier président américain en exercice à assister personnellement à l'enterrement d'un [[pape]]. Il était accompagné de ses prédécesseurs [[Bill Clinton]] et [[George Bush]] père. === La justice === George W. Bush est en faveur de la [[peine de mort]] comme 66 % de ses compatriotes et 80 % des Texans. Il juge cette peine dissuasive. Le [[19 juillet]] 2005, George W. Bush procède à sa première nomination de juge à la [[Cour Suprême des États-Unis]] afin de remplacer le juge [[Sandra Day O'Connor]]. Son choix se porte sur [[John Roberts]], un juge de la Cour d'appel fédérale de Washington et républicain modéré, âgé d'à peine 50 ans. === Minorités === Le gouvernement Bush, premier comme second mandat, est le plus ouvert aux minorités ethniques que n'a jamais été jusque là un gouvernement américain : *Colin Powell est le premier afro-américain à occuper le poste de Secrétaire d'État aux affaires étrangères. *Condoleezza Rice est la première femme noire à occuper ce poste en 2005 après avoir été la 1ère femme noire, Conseillère à la sécurité nationale. *Elaine Chao est la première femme asiatique membre du gouvernement américain. *Mel Martinez est en 2001 le premier hispanique à entrer au gouvernement américain et Alberto Gonzales, en 2005 le premier hispanique au poste aussi élevé que celui d' ''Attorney Général''. *Outre ces personnalités, il faut rappeler la présence au gouvernement de Norman Mineta, asiatique et démocrate (déjà en poste sous Clinton), ainsi que Rod Paige, afro-américain et Secrétaire à l'éducation. *En 2003, Bush fait personnellement pression sur [[Trent Lott]], le leader républicain au sénat pour qu'il démissionne suite à des déclarations nostalgiques de la ségrégation raciale à l'occasion d'un hommage à l'ancien candidat à l'élection présidentielle de 1948, le sénateur centenaire ex-démocrate [[Strom Thurmond]]. == Politique internationale == George W. Bush est relativement impopulaire en dehors de son pays, en particulier dans certains pays d'[[Europe]] et dans les [[pays arabes]] depuis surtout la [[Guerre en Irak (2003-2004)]]. === La « guerre au terrorisme » et « l'expansion de la démocratie » === À la suite des attentats terroristes du [[11 septembre 2001]] à [[New York]] et [[Washington DC]], George W. Bush parvient à réunir le pays derrière lui (avec 90% d'opinions favorables). Il déclare la « guerre au terrorisme » et utilise un vocabulaire contesté (« mort ou vif », « croisade ») mais bien perçu dans une Amérique traumatisée . Parallèlement aux préparatifs de la guerre contre les [[Taliban]]s en [[Afghanistan]] qui ont refusé d'extrader [[Oussama Ben Laden]] et les membres d'[[Al-Qaida]], Bush instaure une politique de sécurité incarnée par le [[Patriot Act]], votée par le Congrès à l'unanimité en novembre 2001 mais jugé dangereux pour les droits de l'homme par la [http://www.fidh.org/article.php3?id_article=700 Fédération internationale des Droits de l'homme]. Thème central de la pensée des [[néo-conservateurs]], l'« expansion de la démocratie » devient le credo et l'objectif officiel de la politique américaine à partir du discours de George W. Bush devant le congrès en janvier 2002, durant lequel il pointe du doigt les pays de l'« Axe du Mal » que seraient l'Irak, l'[[Iran]] et la [[Corée du Nord]]. ''Voir l'article détaillé : [[théorie des dominos]]''. En février 2005, Bush nomme [[John Negroponte]] à la tête de la toute nouvelle Direction du Renseignement Américain (DNI), nouvelle fonction créée dans le cadre de la réforme des services de renseignement américains suite aux recommandations de la Commission du 11-Septembre, dont les conclusions avaient été publiées durant l'été 2004. ''Voir aussi l'article détaillé : [[guerre contre le terrorisme]]'' === La guerre en Irak === ''Voir l'article détaillé : [[Guerre en Irak (2003-2004)]]'' En [[2002]], influencé par les théories des [[néo-conservateurs]], George W. Bush évoque la nécessité d’un changement de régime en [[Irak]], indiquant que les États-Unis ont des raisons de croire que le président irakien [[Saddam Hussein]] possède des liens avec des groupes terroristes ([[liens entre l'Irak et le terrorisme]]) et développe un programme d’[[arme de destruction massive|armes de destruction massive]] (ADM). Le [[8 novembre]] [[2002]], la [[Résolutions du Conseil de sécurité de l'ONU|résolution]] 1441 du [[Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies|Conseil de Sécurité]] des [[Organisation des Nations unies|Nations unies]] exige du régime irakien une « coopération active, totale et immédiate » avec les équipes d'inspections dépêchées sur place. Estimant que les conditions de coopération ne sont pas remplies, le [[20 mars]] [[2003]], George W. Bush donne le signal d’une [[Guerre en Irak, 2003|invasion militaire de l’Irak]] en vue de renverser le régime en place. Il fait affecter les biens saisis de celui-ci à la reconstruction des infrastructures détruites par des missiles de croisière ou par les pillages. George W. Bush fait passer le [http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/executive_orders/2003.html#13303 décret 13303] donnant l’immunité totale aux compagnies pétrolières en Irak, tout procès à leur encontre étant immédiatement considéré comme nul et non avenu aux États-Unis. Cela renforce les accusations d'inféodation de George W. Bush et Dick Cheney aux [[lobby|lobbies]] de l'industrie du [[pétrole]]. Cette guerre se solde par la mort de dizaines de milliers d'Irakiens, de plus de 1 700 soldats américains, et des attentats quotidiens dans les régions sunnites du pays. Les armes de destruction massive (un « prétexte bureaucratique » selon [[Paul Wolfowitz]]), qui avaient tant servi sous le régime de [[Saddam Hussein]] contre les Kurdes ou les Chiites, n'ont pas été trouvées et auraient finalement bien été détruites dans les années qui avaient suivi la [[Guerre du Koweït (1990-1991)|Guerre du Golfe]] de [[1991]]. Quant aux liens du régime avec les organisations terroristes, ils avaient cessé depuis longtemps (Abou Nidal, Carlos) ou restaient faibles, se limitant à la simple présence sur place de membres d'organisations terroristes (Moudjahidines iraniens). Cependant, pour les partisans de l'intervention américaine, la mise à jour de charniers contenant des centaines de millers de victimes du régime de Saddam Hussein, justifient toujours le renversement par la force du dictateur irakien. Enfin, l'intervention américaine a permis au pays de connaitre le [[31 janvier]] 2005 ses premières élections démocratiques depuis 50 ans. D'après une enquête publiée le [[27 juin]] 2005 par [[ABC]]/[[Washington Post]], plus d'un Américain sur deux pense (au moment du sondage) que George W. Bush a « intentionnellement trompé » l'opinion américaine sur les raisons d'engager cette guerre. 53% des personnes interrogées jugent que le conflit n'en valait pas la peine, 58 % estiment que les soldats américains doivent demeurer en Irak pour rétablir l'ordre. <small>(source : ''Le Monde'' et AFP, 28 juin 2005)</small>. Cette guerre est à l’origine de graves tensions diplomatiques au sein de l’[[Organisation des Nations unies|ONU]], de l’[[Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique Nord|OTAN]] et avec certains pays comme la [[France]] et l’[[Allemagne]]. Les motivations américaines dans cette affaire sont encores discutées mais pour certains, les intérêts pétroliers des États-Unis sont l’une des principales motivations de la politique belliqueuse du gouvernement Bush. Selon le journaliste Mickey Herskowitz, George W. Bush voulait attaquer l'Irak avant même son élection. ''Pour plus d'informations, voir [http://www.gnn.tv/articles/article.php?id=761 l'article de Guerilla News Network.] (en anglais).'' === Le conflit israélo-palestinien === George W. Bush, très critiqué par les pays arabes pour son soutien exclusif à Israël, a pourtant été le premier président américain a évoquer officiellement la création d'un État palestinien. La « feuille de route », pour le règlement du conflit israélo-palestinien, rédigée par les États-Unis, la Russie, l'Union européenne et l'ONU, prévoit la création d'un État palestinien en 2005. Le soutien de Bush à [[Ariel Sharon]] et son refus de converser avec une direction palestinienne dirigée par [[Yasser Arafat]] a amené les Palestiniens à se tourner vers un chef modéré, [[Mahmoud Abbas]], à la mort du Rais à l'automne 2004. En janvier 2005, les négociations reprennent alors dans un nouveau contexte entre Palestiniens et Israéliens, appuyés par les Américains. Le [[26 mai]] 2005 , George W Bush reçoit [[Mahmoud Abbas]] à la [[Maison Blanche]] et rappelle que le respect de la [[feuille de route]] de part et d'autre est fondamental pour l'aboutissement du processus de [[paix]]. === Les relations avec l'Europe === Les relations entre les États-Unis et une partie des pays européens se sont détériorées à partir du discours sur l'« axe du mal » et ont atteint un grave niveau de dissension au moment de la [[guerre en Irak]]. C'est à cette époque que [[Donald Rumsfeld]], le secrétaire à la défense, fait une distinction entre la « vieille Europe », représentée par l'[[Allemagne]], la [[France]] et la [[Belgique]], et la nouvelle Europe américanophile représentée par les anciens pays de l'Est et quelques pays de l'Ouest comme la [[Grande-Bretagne]], l'Italie, le [[Danemark]] ou l'[[Espagne]] (lettre des dix de soutien à la stratégie américaine en Irak en janvier 2003). Après la chute se [[Saddam Hussein]], la stratégie américaine, définie par [[Condoleezza Rice]], est de « punir la France, ignorer l'Allemagne et pardonner à la [[Russie]] ». En 2004, les États-Unis ajoutent l'Espagne à leur liste des pays hostiles à la prépondérance américaine, après la victoire du socialiste [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]], lequel souhaite publiquement et imprudemment la victoire de [[John Kerry]] aux présidentielles de novembre 2004, énonçant à voix haute le souhait des dirigeants de nombreux pays européens comme la France ou l'Allemagne. En févier 2005, Bush effectue le premier voyage à l'étranger de son second mandat en [[Europe]] pour tenter de conquérir l'opinion publique et se racommoder avec les dirigeants européens. Il est le premier chef d'État américain à se rendre au siège de la commision européenne à [[Bruxelles]] où il constate de nombreux points de désaccords persistants avec quelques pays européens, et plus particulièrement la France et l'Allemagne : * George W. Bush s'oppose ainsi à la levée de l'embargo sur les ventes d'armes à la [[Chine]], notamment afin de protéger [[Taiwan]], alors que les Français font pression auprès des européens pour lever cette interdiction ; * George W. Bush souhaite que l'Europe inscrive également le mouvement chiite pro-iranien [[Hezbollah]] comme organisation terroriste, ce à quoi la France s'oppose ; * George W. Bush souhaite appliquer un nouvel embargo économique contre la [[Syrie]] (pour que celle-ci se retire du [[Liban]]), mais là encore il se heurte à un refus de la France, doutant de l'efficacité de cette mesure ; * George W. bush, tout d'abord favorable à un durcissement de la communautée internationale envers l'[[Iran]] pour la contraindre à renoncer à son programme nucléaire, finit par se rapprocher de la position des Européens qui sont partisans d'un dialogue constructif avec le régime des [[Mollah]]s ; * Les Européens souhaitent la participation des États-Unis à la mise en œuvre du [[protocole de Kyoto]] ; * Enfin, les Européens laissent seul George W. Bush s'inquiéter de l'évolution de la Russie et demander des gages de démocratie à [[Vladimir Poutine]]. La visite présidentielle, si elle a rétabli le contact, a ainsi permis à l'opinion publique d'apprécier l'étendue des divergences entre Européens de l'Ouest et Américains. Par contre, les Européens de l'Est sont nettement moins hostiles au président américain, notamment en [[Pologne]], dans les [[pays baltes]], en [[Ukraine]], en [[Géorgie]] ou en [[Slovaquie]]. Le [[7 mai]] 2005, George W. Bush se rend en [[Lettonie]] où il est chaleureusement accueilli comme un défenseur des libertés. Dans son discours, en pleine controverse historique entre les États baltes et la [[Russie]] sur l'occupation soviétique de [[1945]], Bush n'hésite pas à apporter son soutien aux États baltes en rappelant que ces derniers n'ont été libéré qu'en [[1991]], après la fin de l'occupation soviétique, au risque de crisper ses relations avec la Russie. Après avoir admis que « l'esclavage et la ségrégation raciale avaient été une honte » pour les Etats-Unis, il a regretté la division de l'Europe, conséquence des [[accords de Yalta]] et que « les Américains aient sacrifié la liberté des plus faibles à une illusion de stabilité internationale ». La suite de son voyage le conduit notamment en Géorgie, une ancienne république d'[[URSS]], récemment émancipée de la tutelle russe grâce au soutien financier des Américains via leurs ONG. Premier président américain à fouler le sol géorgien, il y est là encore chaleureusement reçu par une foule enthousiaste de 150 000 personnes. Le [[23 juin]] 2005 , les représentants officiels de L'Union Européenne et le Président des États-Unis font, en l'absence de [[Jacques Chirac]], une déclaration commune sur l'avenir de la [[paix]] et de la [[démocratie]] au Moyen Orient. Cette déclaration commune met fin au climat de tension entre l'Europe et les États-Unis initié par la position de Paris et Berlin concernant l'[[Irak]]. === Politique africaine === Le [[20 juillet]] [[2005]], [[Washington D.C.|Washington]] a fait savoir, par l'intermédiaire de la [[Département d'État des États-Unis d'Amérique|secrétaire d'état]] [[Condoleezza Rice]], la création d'un programme d'aide pour le continent [[Afrique|africain]]. À la fin du congrès sur la "Coopération commerciale et économique entre les États-Unis et l'Afrique subsaharienne", les [[États-Unis]] ont annoncé la fondation d'un ''"fonds pour la diversification de l'économie africaine"''. Selon ''Le Monde'' (20 juillet 2005), ''"les États-Unis sont les premiers fournisseurs d'aide bilatérale à l'Afrique'' pour un montant de 3,2 milliards de dollars en [[2004]]. === Divers === En juin 2005, le Premier ministre vietnamien [[Phan Van Khai]], se rend aux États-Unis, symbolisant ainsi la normalisation des relations entre [[Washington DC|Washington]] et [[Hanoï]], trente ans après la fin de la [[guerre du Vietnam]]. La visite de Phan Van Khai est la première d'un officiel vietnamien de ce rang depuis [[1975]]. La visite du président Bush au Vietnam est annoncée pour [[2006]], dans le cadre du sommet du forum de coopération Asie-Pacifique (aupraravant, Bill Clinton s'était rendu au Vietnam en 2000). == Anecdotes et citations == * Alors qu'il était encore gouverneur et candidat à l'élection présidentielle de 2000, George W. Bush aurait avoué avoir fumé de la marijuana, à l'instar de son prédécesseur [[Bill Clinton]] et de son adversaire Al Gore. Cependant, il a toujours refusé de l'avouer publiquement sous le prétexte que le président des États-Unis devait être un exemple et non une référence en matière de consommation de drogues : « I wouldn’t answer the marijuana questions, a dit George W. Bush. You know why? Because I don’t want some little kid doing what I tried. » * À propos de ses démentis sur la cocaïne, il répond « I haven't denied anything. » * « Certains pensent que les États-Unis sont prêts à attaquer l'Iran. C'est ridicule... Cela dit, toutes les options restent ouvertes. » Conférence de presse de George W. Bush le 22 février 2005 à Bruxelles. ==Voir aussi== * [[Axe du mal]] * [[Fahrenheit 9/11]] * [[Guerre contre le terrorisme]] * [[Néo-conservatisme]] == Liens externes == {{Wikisource}} {{Wikiquote}} *[http://www.whitehouse.gov/Site Site de la Maison Blanche] *[http://www.whitehouse.gov/president/gwbbio.html Biographie de George W. Bush] Famille * [http://www.hierarchypedia.com/wiki/index.php/Bush_family Arbre de famille de Bush] * [http://www.blue-blood.co.uk/ Les cousins de Bush] (en anglais) Vie avant la politique * [http://www.andover.edu/ Andover Philips Academy] * [http://www.parascope.com/articles/0997/skullbones.htm Skull & Bones] Politique * [http://geoelections.free.fr/USA/accueil.htm Carte par comtés grossissable de l'élection de 2004 et explications du vote par la carte (plus 2000, 1996...)] * [http://www.whitehouse.gov/nsc/nss.pdf Politique nationale de défense ] * [http://www.lexpress.fr/info/monde/dossier/bush/dossier.asp?ida=417405 Un article de L'Express] * [http://fr.wikiquote.org/wiki/George_Walker_Bush Citations de George Walker Bush] * [http://www.onze-septembre.com/bio_27.php George W. Bush et les attentats du 11 septembre] == Bibliographie == *[[2004]] : [[Bob Woodward]], ''Bush s'en va-t-en guerre''. Paris : Denoël. 380 p. Ouvrage soutenant totalement le président américain, rédigé par un des « tombeurs » de [[Richard Nixon]]. *[[2004]] : Scott Ritter (ancien inspecteur de l'ONU en charge du désarmement de l'Irak), ''Les Mensonges de George W. Bush''. Le Serpent à plumes. 216 p. *[[2004]] : Kitty Kelley, ''les Bush''. Presses de la Cité. 680 p. Pour les amateurs de ragots et d'histoires « croustillantes », par une « spécialiste » du « genre »... *[[2004]] : John F. Dean, ''Bush, le dossier accablant''. Presses de la Renaissance. 320 p. *[[2004]] : William Reymond, ''Bush Land'', pamphlet (sur le Texas, notamment). Paris : Éditions Flammarion. 455 p. *[[2004]] : [[Christine Ockrent]], ''Bush-Kerry, les deux Amérique''. Paris : Éditions Robert Laffont. 294 p. * [[2004]]: [[Guy Millière]], ''Pourquoi Bush sera réélu''. Paris : Editions Michalon, 157 p. * [[2005]]: Bruno Tertrais, ''Quatre ans pour changer le monde, l'Amérique de Bush 2005-2008''. Editions Autrement, 100 p. {{Président des États-Unis d'Amérique}} 6185 2005-09-07T23:16:42Z 70.59.233.24 this is the lingala wp [[ang:George W. Bush]] [[ar:جورج و. بوش]] [[bg:Джордж У. Буш]] [[ca:George Walker Bush]] [[cs:George W. Bush]] [[cy:George W. Bush]] [[da:George W. Bush]] [[de:George W. Bush]] [[et:George W. Bush]] [[en:George W. Bush]] [[es:George Walker Bush]] [[eo:George W. BUSH]] [[ga:George W. Bush]] [[gl:George Walker Bush]] [[ko:조지 W. 부시]] [[hr:George W. Bush]] [[io:George W. Bush]] [[id:George W. Bush]] [[is:George W. Bush]] [[it:George Walker Bush]] [[he:ג'ורג' ווקר בוש]] [[kn:ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಬುಷ್]] [[la:Georgius W. Bush]] [[li:George W. Bush]] [[hu:George W. Bush]] [[ms:George W. Bush]] [[zh-min-nan:George W. Bush]] [[nl:George Walker Bush]] [[nds:George W. Bush]] [[ja:ジョージ・ウォーカー・ブッシュ]] [[nb:George W. Bush]] [[nn:George Walker Bush]] [[pl:George W. Bush]] [[pt:George W. Bush]] [[ro:George W. Bush]] [[ru:Буш, Джордж Уокер]] [[scn:George W. Bush]] [[simple:George W. Bush]] [[sk:George W. Bush]] [[sl:George W. Bush]] [[sr:Џорџ В. Буш]] [[fi:George W. Bush]] [[sv:George W. Bush]] [[th:จอร์จ ดับเบิลยู. บุช]] [[vi:George W. Bush]] [[tr:George W. Bush]] [[zh:乔治·沃克·布什]] [[so:George W. Bush]] [[Category:Mokambi ekolo ya Lisanga ya Amerika|Bush, George Walker]] [[Category:Bitumba pona kobuka bobángisɛmi|Bush, George Walker]] [[Category:Ebótami na 1946|Bush, George Walker]] '''[[Media:En-us-George Walker Bush.ogg|George Walker Bush]]''' (né le [[6 juillet]] [[1946]]), mwana ya [[George Herbert Walker Bush]] mpe ya [[Barbara Pierce]], azali banda [[2001]] mokambi ekolo ya [[Lisanga ya Amerika]] ya 43e. {{Président des États-Unis d'Amérique}} 6273 2005-09-18T16:50:31Z ° 34 [[ang:George W. Bush]] [[ar:جورج و. بوش]] [[bg:Джордж У. Буш]] [[ca:George Walker Bush]] [[cs:George W. Bush]] [[cy:George W. Bush]] [[da:George W. Bush]] [[de:George W. Bush]] [[et:George W. Bush]] [[en:George W. Bush]] [[es:George Walker Bush]] [[eo:George W. BUSH]] [[ga:George W. Bush]] [[gl:George Walker Bush]] [[ko:조지 W. 부시]] [[hr:George W. Bush]] [[io:George W. Bush]] [[id:George W. Bush]] [[is:George W. Bush]] [[it:George Walker Bush]] [[he:ג'ורג' ווקר בוש]] [[kn:ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಬುಷ್]] [[la:Georgius W. Bush]] [[li:George W. Bush]] [[hu:George W. Bush]] [[ms:George W. Bush]] [[zh-min-nan:George W. Bush]] [[nl:George Walker Bush]] [[nds:George W. Bush]] [[ja:ジョージ・ウォーカー・ブッシュ]] [[nb:George W. Bush]] [[nn:George Walker Bush]] [[pl:George W. Bush]] [[pt:George W. Bush]] [[ro:George W. Bush]] [[ru:Буш, Джордж Уокер]] [[scn:George W. Bush]] [[simple:George W. Bush]] [[sk:George W. Bush]] [[sl:George W. Bush]] [[sr:Џорџ В. Буш]] [[fi:George W. Bush]] [[sv:George W. Bush]] [[th:จอร์จ ดับเบิลยู. บุช]] [[tpi:George Walker Bush]] [[vi:George W. Bush]] [[tr:George W. Bush]] [[zh:乔治·沃克·布什]] [[so:George W. Bush]] [[Category:Mokambi ekolo ya Lisanga ya Amerika|Bush, George Walker]] [[Category:Bitumba pona kobuka bobángisɛmi|Bush, George Walker]] [[Category:Ebótami na 1946|Bush, George Walker]] '''[[Media:En-us-George Walker Bush.ogg|George Walker Bush]]''' (né le [[6 juillet]] [[1946]]), mwana ya [[George Herbert Walker Bush]] mpe ya [[Barbara Pierce]], azali banda [[2001]] mokambi ekolo ya [[Lisanga ya Amerika]] ya 43e. {{Président des États-Unis d'Amérique}} 6278 2005-09-20T12:10:56Z Bombo 12 juillet -> yuli [[ang:George W. Bush]] [[ar:جورج و. بوش]] [[bg:Джордж У. Буш]] [[ca:George Walker Bush]] [[cs:George W. Bush]] [[cy:George W. Bush]] [[da:George W. Bush]] [[de:George W. Bush]] [[et:George W. Bush]] [[en:George W. Bush]] [[es:George Walker Bush]] [[eo:George W. BUSH]] [[ga:George W. Bush]] [[gl:George Walker Bush]] [[ko:조지 W. 부시]] [[hr:George W. Bush]] [[io:George W. Bush]] [[id:George W. Bush]] [[is:George W. Bush]] [[it:George Walker Bush]] [[he:ג'ורג' ווקר בוש]] [[kn:ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಬುಷ್]] [[la:Georgius W. Bush]] [[li:George W. Bush]] [[hu:George W. Bush]] [[ms:George W. Bush]] [[zh-min-nan:George W. Bush]] [[nl:George Walker Bush]] [[nds:George W. Bush]] [[ja:ジョージ・ウォーカー・ブッシュ]] [[nb:George W. Bush]] [[nn:George Walker Bush]] [[pl:George W. Bush]] [[pt:George W. Bush]] [[ro:George W. Bush]] [[ru:Буш, Джордж Уокер]] [[scn:George W. Bush]] [[simple:George W. Bush]] [[sk:George W. Bush]] [[sl:George W. Bush]] [[sr:Џорџ В. Буш]] [[fi:George W. Bush]] [[sv:George W. Bush]] [[th:จอร์จ ดับเบิลยู. บุช]] [[tpi:George Walker Bush]] [[vi:George W. Bush]] [[tr:George W. Bush]] [[zh:乔治·沃克·布什]] [[so:George W. Bush]] [[Category:Mokambi ekolo ya Lisanga ya Amerika|Bush, George Walker]] [[Category:Bitumba pona kobuka bobángisɛmi|Bush, George Walker]] [[Category:Ebótami na 1946|Bush, George Walker]] '''[[Media:En-us-George Walker Bush.ogg|George Walker Bush]]''' (né le [[6 yuli]] [[1946]]), mwana ya [[George Herbert Walker Bush]] mpe ya [[Barbara Pierce]], azali banda [[2001]] mokambi ekolo ya [[Lisanga ya Amerika]] ya 43e. {{Amerika (Tata-mokonzi)}} 7493 2006-01-05T02:33:36Z Guanabot 29 robot Ajoute: ast, bs, fa, fr, jbo, ka, lt, sco, sh, sq, tl, yi Modifie: it, nn, ru [[Category:Mokambi ekolo ya Lisanga ya Amerika|Bush, George Walker]] [[Category:Bitumba pona kobuka bobángisɛmi|Bush, George Walker]] [[Category:Ebótami na 1946|Bush, George Walker]] '''[[Media:En-us-George Walker Bush.ogg|George Walker Bush]]''' (né le [[6 yuli]] [[1946]]), mwana ya [[George Herbert Walker Bush]] mpe ya [[Barbara Pierce]], azali banda [[2001]] mokambi ekolo ya [[Lisanga ya Amerika]] ya 43e. {{Amerika (Tata-mokonzi)}} [[ang:George W. Bush]] [[ar:جورج و. بوش]] [[ast:George Walker Bush]] [[bg:Джордж У. Буш]] [[bs:George W. Bush]] [[ca:George Walker Bush]] [[cs:George W. Bush]] [[cy:George W. Bush]] [[da:George W. Bush]] [[de:George W. Bush]] [[en:George W. Bush]] [[eo:George W. BUSH]] [[es:George Walker Bush]] [[et:George W. Bush]] [[fa:جرج و. بوش]] [[fi:George W. Bush]] [[fr:George W. Bush]] [[ga:George W. Bush]] [[gl:George Walker Bush]] [[he:ג'ורג' ווקר בוש]] [[hr:George W. Bush]] [[hu:George W. Bush]] [[id:George W. Bush]] [[io:George W. Bush]] [[is:George W. Bush]] [[it:George W. Bush]] [[ja:ジョージ・ウォーカー・ブッシュ]] [[jbo:George W. Bush]] [[ka:ბუში, ჯორჯ უოლკერ]] [[kn:ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಬುಷ್]] [[ko:조지 W. 부시]] [[la:Georgius W. Bush]] [[li:George W. Bush]] [[lt:Džordžas V. Bušas]] [[ms:George W. Bush]] [[nds:George W. Bush]] [[nl:George Walker Bush]] [[nn:George W. Bush]] [[no:George W. Bush]] [[pl:George W. Bush]] [[pt:George W. Bush]] [[ro:George W. Bush]] [[ru:Буш, Джордж Уолкер]] [[scn:George W. Bush]] [[sco:George W. Bush]] [[sh:George W. Bush]] [[simple:George W. Bush]] [[sk:George W. Bush]] [[sl:George W. Bush]] [[so:George W. Bush]] [[sq:George W. Bush]] [[sr:Џорџ В. Буш]] [[sv:George W. Bush]] [[th:จอร์จ ดับเบิลยู. บุช]] [[tl:George W. Bush]] [[tpi:George Walker Bush]] [[tr:George W. Bush]] [[vi:George W. Bush]] [[yi:דזשאָרדזש בוש]] [[zh:乔治·沃克·布什]] [[zh-min-nan:George W. Bush]] 7848 2006-03-10T18:01:49Z Bombo 12 ndámbo [[Category:Mokambi ekolo ya Lisanga ya Amerika|Bush, George Walker]] [[Category:Bitumba pona kobuka bobángisɛmi|Bush, George Walker]] [[Category:Ebótami na 1946|Bush, George Walker]] [[image:George-W-Bush.jpeg|250px|right|]] '''[[Media:En-us-George Walker Bush.ogg|George Walker Bush]]''' (né le [[6 yuli]] [[1946]]), mwana ya [[George Herbert Walker Bush]] mpe ya [[Barbara Pierce]], azali banda [[2001]] mokambi ekolo ya [[Lisanga ya Amerika]] ya 43e. {{Amerika (Tata-mokonzi)}} {{ndámbo}} [[ang:George W. Bush]] [[ar:جورج و. بوش]] [[ast:George Walker Bush]] [[bg:Джордж У. Буш]] [[bs:George W. Bush]] [[ca:George Walker Bush]] [[cs:George W. Bush]] [[cy:George W. Bush]] [[da:George W. Bush]] [[de:George W. Bush]] [[en:George W. Bush]] [[eo:George W. BUSH]] [[es:George Walker Bush]] [[et:George W. Bush]] [[fa:جرج و. بوش]] [[fi:George W. Bush]] [[fr:George W. Bush]] [[ga:George W. Bush]] [[gl:George Walker Bush]] [[he:ג'ורג' ווקר בוש]] [[hr:George W. Bush]] [[hu:George W. Bush]] [[id:George W. Bush]] [[io:George W. Bush]] [[is:George W. Bush]] [[it:George W. Bush]] [[ja:ジョージ・ウォーカー・ブッシュ]] [[jbo:George W. Bush]] [[ka:ბუში, ჯორჯ უოლკერ]] [[kn:ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಬುಷ್]] [[ko:조지 W. 부시]] [[la:Georgius W. Bush]] [[li:George W. Bush]] [[lt:Džordžas V. Bušas]] [[ms:George W. Bush]] [[nds:George W. Bush]] [[nl:George Walker Bush]] [[nn:George W. Bush]] [[no:George W. Bush]] [[pl:George W. Bush]] [[pt:George W. Bush]] [[ro:George W. Bush]] [[ru:Буш, Джордж Уолкер]] [[scn:George W. Bush]] [[sco:George W. Bush]] [[sh:George W. Bush]] [[simple:George W. Bush]] [[sk:George W. Bush]] [[sl:George W. Bush]] [[so:George W. Bush]] [[sq:George W. Bush]] [[sr:Џорџ В. Буш]] [[sv:George W. Bush]] [[th:จอร์จ ดับเบิลยู. บุช]] [[tl:George W. Bush]] [[tpi:George Walker Bush]] [[tr:George W. Bush]] [[vi:George W. Bush]] [[yi:דזשאָרדזש בוש]] [[zh:乔治·沃克·布什]] [[zh-min-nan:George W. Bush]] 7953 2006-04-02T20:29:22Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: bn, eu, lb, oc, pam, ps Modifie: ar, eo, jbo [[Category:Mokambi ekolo ya Lisanga ya Amerika|Bush, George Walker]] [[Category:Bitumba pona kobuka bobángisɛmi|Bush, George Walker]] [[Category:Ebótami na 1946|Bush, George Walker]] [[image:George-W-Bush.jpeg|250px|right|]] '''[[Media:En-us-George Walker Bush.ogg|George Walker Bush]]''' (né le [[6 yuli]] [[1946]]), mwana ya [[George Herbert Walker Bush]] mpe ya [[Barbara Pierce]], azali banda [[2001]] mokambi ekolo ya [[Lisanga ya Amerika]] ya 43e. {{Amerika (Tata-mokonzi)}} {{ndámbo}} [[ang:George W. Bush]] [[ar:جورج دبليو بوش]] [[ast:George Walker Bush]] [[bg:Джордж У. Буш]] [[bn:জর্জ ডব্লিউ বুশ]] [[bs:George W. Bush]] [[ca:George Walker Bush]] [[cs:George W. Bush]] [[cy:George W. Bush]] [[da:George W. Bush]] [[de:George W. Bush]] [[en:George W. Bush]] [[eo:George W. Bush]] [[es:George Walker Bush]] [[et:George W. Bush]] [[eu:George Walker Bush]] [[fa:جرج و. بوش]] [[fi:George W. Bush]] [[fr:George W. Bush]] [[ga:George W. Bush]] [[gl:George Walker Bush]] [[he:ג'ורג' ווקר בוש]] [[hr:George W. Bush]] [[hu:George W. Bush]] [[id:George W. Bush]] [[io:George W. Bush]] [[is:George W. Bush]] [[it:George W. Bush]] [[ja:ジョージ・ウォーカー・ブッシュ]] [[jbo:djordj.ualkr.buc.]] [[ka:ბუში, ჯორჯ უოლკერ]] [[kn:ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಬುಷ್]] [[ko:조지 W. 부시]] [[la:Georgius W. Bush]] [[lb:George W. Bush]] [[li:George W. Bush]] [[lt:Džordžas V. Bušas]] [[ms:George W. Bush]] [[nds:George W. Bush]] [[nl:George Walker Bush]] [[nn:George W. Bush]] [[no:George W. Bush]] [[oc:George Walker Bush]] [[pam:George W. Bush]] [[pl:George W. Bush]] [[ps:جورج ډبليو بوش]] [[pt:George W. Bush]] [[ro:George W. Bush]] [[ru:Буш, Джордж Уолкер]] [[scn:George W. Bush]] [[sco:George W. Bush]] [[sh:George W. Bush]] [[simple:George W. Bush]] [[sk:George W. Bush]] [[sl:George W. Bush]] [[so:George W. Bush]] [[sq:George W. Bush]] [[sr:Џорџ В. Буш]] [[sv:George W. Bush]] [[th:จอร์จ ดับเบิลยู. บุช]] [[tl:George W. Bush]] [[tpi:George Walker Bush]] [[tr:George W. Bush]] [[vi:George W. Bush]] [[yi:דזשאָרדזש בוש]] [[zh:乔治·沃克·布什]] [[zh-min-nan:George W. Bush]] 8010 2006-04-15T22:42:51Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: nds-nl, pdc [[Category:Mokambi ekolo ya Lisanga ya Amerika|Bush, George Walker]] [[Category:Bitumba pona kobuka bobángisɛmi|Bush, George Walker]] [[Category:Ebótami na 1946|Bush, George Walker]] [[image:George-W-Bush.jpeg|250px|right|]] '''[[Media:En-us-George Walker Bush.ogg|George Walker Bush]]''' (né le [[6 yuli]] [[1946]]), mwana ya [[George Herbert Walker Bush]] mpe ya [[Barbara Pierce]], azali banda [[2001]] mokambi ekolo ya [[Lisanga ya Amerika]] ya 43e. {{Amerika (Tata-mokonzi)}} {{ndámbo}} [[ang:George W. Bush]] [[ar:جورج دبليو بوش]] [[ast:George Walker Bush]] [[bg:Джордж У. Буш]] [[bn:জর্জ ডব্লিউ বুশ]] [[bs:George W. Bush]] [[ca:George Walker Bush]] [[cs:George W. Bush]] [[cy:George W. Bush]] [[da:George W. Bush]] [[de:George W. Bush]] [[en:George W. Bush]] [[eo:George W. Bush]] [[es:George Walker Bush]] [[et:George W. Bush]] [[eu:George Walker Bush]] [[fa:جرج و. بوش]] [[fi:George W. Bush]] [[fr:George W. Bush]] [[ga:George W. Bush]] [[gl:George Walker Bush]] [[he:ג'ורג' ווקר בוש]] [[hr:George W. Bush]] [[hu:George W. Bush]] [[id:George W. Bush]] [[io:George W. Bush]] [[is:George W. Bush]] [[it:George W. Bush]] [[ja:ジョージ・ウォーカー・ブッシュ]] [[jbo:djordj.ualkr.buc.]] [[ka:ბუში, ჯორჯ უოლკერ]] [[kn:ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಬುಷ್]] [[ko:조지 W. 부시]] [[la:Georgius W. Bush]] [[lb:George W. Bush]] [[li:George W. Bush]] [[lt:Džordžas V. Bušas]] [[ms:George W. Bush]] [[nds:George W. Bush]] [[nds-nl:George Walker Bush]] [[nl:George Walker Bush]] [[nn:George W. Bush]] [[no:George W. Bush]] [[oc:George Walker Bush]] [[pam:George W. Bush]] [[pdc:George W. Bush]] [[pl:George W. Bush]] [[ps:جورج ډبليو بوش]] [[pt:George W. Bush]] [[ro:George W. Bush]] [[ru:Буш, Джордж Уолкер]] [[scn:George W. Bush]] [[sco:George W. Bush]] [[sh:George W. Bush]] [[simple:George W. Bush]] [[sk:George W. Bush]] [[sl:George W. Bush]] [[so:George W. Bush]] [[sq:George W. Bush]] [[sr:Џорџ В. Буш]] [[sv:George W. Bush]] [[th:จอร์จ ดับเบิลยู. บุช]] [[tl:George W. Bush]] [[tpi:George Walker Bush]] [[tr:George W. Bush]] [[vi:George W. Bush]] [[yi:דזשאָרדזש בוש]] [[zh:乔治·沃克·布什]] [[zh-min-nan:George W. Bush]] 8410 2006-06-14T11:22:24Z Moyogo 11 [[Category:Mokambi ekolo ya Lisanga ya Amerika|Bush, George Walker]] [[Category:Bitumba pona kobuka bobángisɛmi|Bush, George Walker]] [[Category:Ebótami na 1946|Bush, George Walker]] [[image:George-W-Bush.jpeg|250px|right|]] '''[[Media:En-us-George Walker Bush.ogg|George Walker {{smcp|Bush}}]]''', abótámi o [[mokɔlɔ 6 ya sánzá ya nsambo]] o [[mobú 1946]], mwǎna ya [[George Herbert Walker Bush]] mpé ya [[Barbara Pierce]], azalí bandá [[mobú 2001]] [[mokambi ekólo]] ya [[Esé ya Ameríka]] ya 43. {{Amerika (mokambi ekólo)}} {{ndámbo}} [[ang:George W. Bush]] [[ar:جورج دبليو بوش]] [[ast:George Walker Bush]] [[bg:Джордж У. Буш]] [[bn:জর্জ ডব্লিউ বুশ]] [[bs:George W. Bush]] [[ca:George Walker Bush]] [[cs:George W. Bush]] [[cy:George W. Bush]] [[da:George W. Bush]] [[de:George W. Bush]] [[en:George W. Bush]] [[eo:George W. Bush]] [[es:George Walker Bush]] [[et:George W. Bush]] [[eu:George Walker Bush]] [[fa:جرج و. بوش]] [[fi:George W. Bush]] [[fr:George W. Bush]] [[ga:George W. Bush]] [[gl:George Walker Bush]] [[he:ג'ורג' ווקר בוש]] [[hr:George W. Bush]] [[hu:George W. Bush]] [[id:George W. Bush]] [[io:George W. Bush]] [[is:George W. Bush]] [[it:George W. Bush]] [[ja:ジョージ・ウォーカー・ブッシュ]] [[jbo:djordj.ualkr.buc.]] [[ka:ბუში, ჯორჯ უოლკერ]] [[kn:ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಬುಷ್]] [[ko:조지 W. 부시]] [[la:Georgius W. Bush]] [[lb:George W. Bush]] [[li:George W. Bush]] [[lt:Džordžas V. Bušas]] [[ms:George W. Bush]] [[nds:George W. Bush]] [[nds-nl:George Walker Bush]] [[nl:George Walker Bush]] [[nn:George W. Bush]] [[no:George W. Bush]] [[oc:George Walker Bush]] [[pam:George W. Bush]] [[pdc:George W. Bush]] [[pl:George W. Bush]] [[ps:جورج ډبليو بوش]] [[pt:George W. Bush]] [[ro:George W. Bush]] [[ru:Буш, Джордж Уолкер]] [[scn:George W. Bush]] [[sco:George W. Bush]] [[sh:George W. Bush]] [[simple:George W. Bush]] [[sk:George W. Bush]] [[sl:George W. Bush]] [[so:George W. Bush]] [[sq:George W. Bush]] [[sr:Џорџ В. Буш]] [[sv:George W. Bush]] [[th:จอร์จ ดับเบิลยู. บุช]] [[tl:George W. Bush]] [[tpi:George Walker Bush]] [[tr:George W. Bush]] [[vi:George W. Bush]] [[yi:דזשאָרדזש בוש]] [[zh:乔治·沃克·布什]] [[zh-min-nan:George W. Bush]] 8411 2006-06-14T11:22:36Z Moyogo 11 [[Category:Mokambi ekolo ya Lisanga ya Amerika|Bush, George Walker]] [[Category:Bitumba pona kobuka bobángisɛmi|Bush, George Walker]] [[Category:Ebótami na 1946|Bush, George Walker]] [[image:George-W-Bush.jpeg|250px|right|]] '''[[Media:En-us-George Walker Bush.ogg|George Walker {{smcp|Bush}}]]''', abótámi o [[mokɔlɔ 6 ya sánzá ya nsambo]] o [[mobú 1946]], mwǎna ya [[George Herbert Walker Bush]] mpé ya [[Barbara Pierce]], azalí bandá [[mobú 2001]] [[mokambi ekólo]] ya [[Esé ya Ameríka]] ya 43. {{Ameríka (mokambi ekólo)}} {{ndámbo}} [[ang:George W. Bush]] [[ar:جورج دبليو بوش]] [[ast:George Walker Bush]] [[bg:Джордж У. Буш]] [[bn:জর্জ ডব্লিউ বুশ]] [[bs:George W. Bush]] [[ca:George Walker Bush]] [[cs:George W. Bush]] [[cy:George W. Bush]] [[da:George W. Bush]] [[de:George W. Bush]] [[en:George W. Bush]] [[eo:George W. Bush]] [[es:George Walker Bush]] [[et:George W. Bush]] [[eu:George Walker Bush]] [[fa:جرج و. بوش]] [[fi:George W. Bush]] [[fr:George W. Bush]] [[ga:George W. Bush]] [[gl:George Walker Bush]] [[he:ג'ורג' ווקר בוש]] [[hr:George W. Bush]] [[hu:George W. Bush]] [[id:George W. Bush]] [[io:George W. Bush]] [[is:George W. Bush]] [[it:George W. Bush]] [[ja:ジョージ・ウォーカー・ブッシュ]] [[jbo:djordj.ualkr.buc.]] [[ka:ბუში, ჯორჯ უოლკერ]] [[kn:ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಬುಷ್]] [[ko:조지 W. 부시]] [[la:Georgius W. Bush]] [[lb:George W. Bush]] [[li:George W. Bush]] [[lt:Džordžas V. Bušas]] [[ms:George W. Bush]] [[nds:George W. Bush]] [[nds-nl:George Walker Bush]] [[nl:George Walker Bush]] [[nn:George W. Bush]] [[no:George W. Bush]] [[oc:George Walker Bush]] [[pam:George W. Bush]] [[pdc:George W. Bush]] [[pl:George W. Bush]] [[ps:جورج ډبليو بوش]] [[pt:George W. Bush]] [[ro:George W. Bush]] [[ru:Буш, Джордж Уолкер]] [[scn:George W. Bush]] [[sco:George W. Bush]] [[sh:George W. Bush]] [[simple:George W. Bush]] [[sk:George W. Bush]] [[sl:George W. Bush]] [[so:George W. Bush]] [[sq:George W. Bush]] [[sr:Џорџ В. Буш]] [[sv:George W. Bush]] [[th:จอร์จ ดับเบิลยู. บุช]] [[tl:George W. Bush]] [[tpi:George Walker Bush]] [[tr:George W. Bush]] [[vi:George W. Bush]] [[yi:דזשאָרדזש בוש]] [[zh:乔治·沃克·布什]] [[zh-min-nan:George W. Bush]] 8412 2006-06-14T11:23:06Z Moyogo 11 [[Category:Mokambi ekolo ya Lisanga ya Amerika|Bush, George Walker]] [[Category:Bitumba pona kobuka bobángisɛmi|Bush, George Walker]] [[Category:Ebótami na 1946|Bush, George Walker]] [[image:George-W-Bush.jpeg|250px|right|]] '''[[Media:En-us-George Walker Bush.ogg|George Walker {{smcp|Bush}}]]''', abótámi o [[mokɔlɔ 6 ya sánzá ya nsambo]] o [[mobú 1946]], mwǎna ya [[George Herbert Walker Bush]] mpé ya [[Barbara Pierce]], azalí bandá [[mobú 2001]] [[mokambi ekólo]] ya [[Esé ya Ameríka]] ya 43. <br clear="all"/> {{Ameríka (mokambi ekólo)}} {{ndámbo}} [[ang:George W. Bush]] [[ar:جورج دبليو بوش]] [[ast:George Walker Bush]] [[bg:Джордж У. Буш]] [[bn:জর্জ ডব্লিউ বুশ]] [[bs:George W. Bush]] [[ca:George Walker Bush]] [[cs:George W. Bush]] [[cy:George W. Bush]] [[da:George W. Bush]] [[de:George W. Bush]] [[en:George W. Bush]] [[eo:George W. Bush]] [[es:George Walker Bush]] [[et:George W. Bush]] [[eu:George Walker Bush]] [[fa:جرج و. بوش]] [[fi:George W. Bush]] [[fr:George W. Bush]] [[ga:George W. Bush]] [[gl:George Walker Bush]] [[he:ג'ורג' ווקר בוש]] [[hr:George W. Bush]] [[hu:George W. Bush]] [[id:George W. Bush]] [[io:George W. Bush]] [[is:George W. Bush]] [[it:George W. Bush]] [[ja:ジョージ・ウォーカー・ブッシュ]] [[jbo:djordj.ualkr.buc.]] [[ka:ბუში, ჯორჯ უოლკერ]] [[kn:ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಬುಷ್]] [[ko:조지 W. 부시]] [[la:Georgius W. Bush]] [[lb:George W. Bush]] [[li:George W. Bush]] [[lt:Džordžas V. Bušas]] [[ms:George W. Bush]] [[nds:George W. Bush]] [[nds-nl:George Walker Bush]] [[nl:George Walker Bush]] [[nn:George W. Bush]] [[no:George W. Bush]] [[oc:George Walker Bush]] [[pam:George W. Bush]] [[pdc:George W. Bush]] [[pl:George W. Bush]] [[ps:جورج ډبليو بوش]] [[pt:George W. Bush]] [[ro:George W. Bush]] [[ru:Буш, Джордж Уолкер]] [[scn:George W. Bush]] [[sco:George W. Bush]] [[sh:George W. Bush]] [[simple:George W. Bush]] [[sk:George W. Bush]] [[sl:George W. Bush]] [[so:George W. Bush]] [[sq:George W. Bush]] [[sr:Џорџ В. Буш]] [[sv:George W. Bush]] [[th:จอร์จ ดับเบิลยู. บุช]] [[tl:George W. Bush]] [[tpi:George Walker Bush]] [[tr:George W. Bush]] [[vi:George W. Bush]] [[yi:דזשאָרדזש בוש]] [[zh:乔治·沃克·布什]] [[zh-min-nan:George W. Bush]] 8947 2006-07-23T07:17:38Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: bat-smg, el, gd, kv, nrm, zh-yue Modifie: bg, ru [[Category:Mokambi ekolo ya Lisanga ya Amerika|Bush, George Walker]] [[Category:Bitumba pona kobuka bobángisɛmi|Bush, George Walker]] [[Category:Ebótami na 1946|Bush, George Walker]] [[image:George-W-Bush.jpeg|250px|right|]] '''[[Media:En-us-George Walker Bush.ogg|George Walker {{smcp|Bush}}]]''', abótámi o [[mokɔlɔ 6 ya sánzá ya nsambo]] o [[mobú 1946]], mwǎna ya [[George Herbert Walker Bush]] mpé ya [[Barbara Pierce]], azalí bandá [[mobú 2001]] [[mokambi ekólo]] ya [[Esé ya Ameríka]] ya 43. <br clear="all"/> {{Ameríka (mokambi ekólo)}} {{ndámbo}} [[ang:George W. Bush]] [[ar:جورج دبليو بوش]] [[ast:George Walker Bush]] [[bat-smg:George W. Bush]] [[bg:Джордж Уокър Буш]] [[bn:জর্জ ডব্লিউ বুশ]] [[bs:George W. Bush]] [[ca:George Walker Bush]] [[cs:George W. Bush]] [[cy:George W. Bush]] [[da:George W. Bush]] [[de:George W. Bush]] [[el:Τζωρτζ Ουώκερ Μπους]] [[en:George W. Bush]] [[eo:George W. Bush]] [[es:George Walker Bush]] [[et:George W. Bush]] [[eu:George Walker Bush]] [[fa:جرج و. بوش]] [[fi:George W. Bush]] [[fr:George W. Bush]] [[ga:George W. Bush]] [[gd:George W. Bush]] [[gl:George Walker Bush]] [[he:ג'ורג' ווקר בוש]] [[hr:George W. Bush]] [[hu:George W. Bush]] [[id:George W. Bush]] [[io:George W. Bush]] [[is:George W. Bush]] [[it:George W. Bush]] [[ja:ジョージ・ウォーカー・ブッシュ]] [[jbo:djordj.ualkr.buc.]] [[ka:ბუში, ჯორჯ უოლკერ]] [[kn:ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಬುಷ್]] [[ko:조지 W. 부시]] [[kv:Буш, Джордж Уокер]] [[la:Georgius W. Bush]] [[lb:George W. Bush]] [[li:George W. Bush]] [[lt:Džordžas V. Bušas]] [[ms:George W. Bush]] [[nds:George W. Bush]] [[nds-nl:George Walker Bush]] [[nl:George Walker Bush]] [[nn:George W. Bush]] [[no:George W. Bush]] [[nrm:George W. Bush]] [[oc:George Walker Bush]] [[pam:George W. Bush]] [[pdc:George W. Bush]] [[pl:George W. Bush]] [[ps:جورج ډبليو بوش]] [[pt:George W. Bush]] [[ro:George W. Bush]] [[ru:Буш, Джордж Уокер]] [[scn:George W. Bush]] [[sco:George W. Bush]] [[sh:George W. Bush]] [[simple:George W. Bush]] [[sk:George W. Bush]] [[sl:George W. Bush]] [[so:George W. Bush]] [[sq:George W. Bush]] [[sr:Џорџ В. Буш]] [[sv:George W. Bush]] [[th:จอร์จ ดับเบิลยู. บุช]] [[tl:George W. Bush]] [[tpi:George Walker Bush]] [[tr:George W. Bush]] [[vi:George W. Bush]] [[yi:דזשאָרדזש בוש]] [[zh:乔治·沃克·布什]] [[zh-min-nan:George W. Bush]] [[zh-yue:喬治布殊]] 8970 2006-07-27T04:52:33Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Modifie: zh [[Category:Mokambi ekolo ya Lisanga ya Amerika|Bush, George Walker]] [[Category:Bitumba pona kobuka bobángisɛmi|Bush, George Walker]] [[Category:Ebótami na 1946|Bush, George Walker]] [[image:George-W-Bush.jpeg|250px|right|]] '''[[Media:En-us-George Walker Bush.ogg|George Walker {{smcp|Bush}}]]''', abótámi o [[mokɔlɔ 6 ya sánzá ya nsambo]] o [[mobú 1946]], mwǎna ya [[George Herbert Walker Bush]] mpé ya [[Barbara Pierce]], azalí bandá [[mobú 2001]] [[mokambi ekólo]] ya [[Esé ya Ameríka]] ya 43. <br clear="all"/> {{Ameríka (mokambi ekólo)}} {{ndámbo}} [[ang:George W. Bush]] [[ar:جورج دبليو بوش]] [[ast:George Walker Bush]] [[bat-smg:George W. Bush]] [[bg:Джордж Уокър Буш]] [[bn:জর্জ ডব্লিউ বুশ]] [[bs:George W. Bush]] [[ca:George Walker Bush]] [[cs:George W. Bush]] [[cy:George W. Bush]] [[da:George W. Bush]] [[de:George W. Bush]] [[el:Τζωρτζ Ουώκερ Μπους]] [[en:George W. Bush]] [[eo:George W. Bush]] [[es:George Walker Bush]] [[et:George W. Bush]] [[eu:George Walker Bush]] [[fa:جرج و. بوش]] [[fi:George W. Bush]] [[fr:George W. Bush]] [[ga:George W. Bush]] [[gd:George W. Bush]] [[gl:George Walker Bush]] [[he:ג'ורג' ווקר בוש]] [[hr:George W. Bush]] [[hu:George W. Bush]] [[id:George W. Bush]] [[io:George W. Bush]] [[is:George W. Bush]] [[it:George W. Bush]] [[ja:ジョージ・ウォーカー・ブッシュ]] [[jbo:djordj.ualkr.buc.]] [[ka:ბუში, ჯორჯ უოლკერ]] [[kn:ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಬುಷ್]] [[ko:조지 W. 부시]] [[kv:Буш, Джордж Уокер]] [[la:Georgius W. Bush]] [[lb:George W. Bush]] [[li:George W. Bush]] [[lt:Džordžas V. Bušas]] [[ms:George W. Bush]] [[nds:George W. Bush]] [[nds-nl:George Walker Bush]] [[nl:George Walker Bush]] [[nn:George W. Bush]] [[no:George W. Bush]] [[nrm:George W. Bush]] [[oc:George Walker Bush]] [[pam:George W. Bush]] [[pdc:George W. Bush]] [[pl:George W. Bush]] [[ps:جورج ډبليو بوش]] [[pt:George W. Bush]] [[ro:George W. Bush]] [[ru:Буш, Джордж Уокер]] [[scn:George W. Bush]] [[sco:George W. Bush]] [[sh:George W. Bush]] [[simple:George W. Bush]] [[sk:George W. Bush]] [[sl:George W. Bush]] [[so:George W. Bush]] [[sq:George W. Bush]] [[sr:Џорџ В. Буш]] [[sv:George W. Bush]] [[th:จอร์จ ดับเบิลยู. บุช]] [[tl:George W. Bush]] [[tpi:George Walker Bush]] [[tr:George W. Bush]] [[vi:George W. Bush]] [[yi:דזשאָרדזש בוש]] [[zh:喬治·沃克·布殊]] [[zh-min-nan:George W. Bush]] [[zh-yue:喬治布殊]] 9122 2006-08-15T16:56:18Z 160.85.2.50 [[image:George-W-Bush.jpeg|250px|right|]] '''[[Media:En-us-George Walker Bush.ogg|George Walker {{smcp|Bush}}]]''', abótámi o [[mokɔlɔ 6 ya sánzá ya nsambo]] o [[mobú 1946]], mwǎna ya [[George Herbert Walker Bush]] mpé ya [[Barbara Pierce]], azalí bandá [[mobú 2001]] [[mokambi ekólo]] ya [[Esé ya Ameríka]] ya 43. <br clear="all"/> {{Ameríka (mokambi ekólo)}} {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Mokambi ekolo ya Lisanga ya Amerika|Bush, George Walker]] [[Category:Bitumba pona kobuka bobángisɛmi|Bush, George Walker]] [[Category:Ebótami na 1946|Bush, George Walker]] [[ang:George W. Bush]] [[ar:جورج دبليو بوش]] [[ast:George Walker Bush]] [[bat-smg:George W. Bush]] [[bg:Джордж Уокър Буш]] [[bn:জর্জ ডব্লিউ বুশ]] [[bs:George W. Bush]] [[ca:George Walker Bush]] [[cs:George W. Bush]] [[cy:George W. Bush]] [[da:George W. Bush]] [[de:George W. Bush]] [[el:Τζωρτζ Ουώκερ Μπους]] [[en:George W. Bush]] [[eo:George W. Bush]] [[es:George Walker Bush]] [[et:George W. Bush]] [[eu:George Walker Bush]] [[fa:جرج و. بوش]] [[fi:George W. Bush]] [[fr:George W. Bush]] [[ga:George W. Bush]] [[gd:George W. Bush]] [[gl:George Walker Bush]] [[he:ג'ורג' ווקר בוש]] [[hr:George W. Bush]] [[hu:George W. Bush]] [[id:George W. Bush]] [[io:George W. Bush]] [[is:George W. Bush]] [[it:George W. Bush]] [[ja:ジョージ・ウォーカー・ブッシュ]] [[jbo:djordj.ualkr.buc.]] [[ka:ბუში, ჯორჯ უოლკერ]] [[kn:ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಬುಷ್]] [[ko:조지 W. 부시]] [[kv:Буш, Джордж Уокер]] [[la:Georgius W. Bush]] [[lb:George W. Bush]] [[li:George W. Bush]] [[lt:Džordžas V. Bušas]] [[ms:George W. Bush]] [[nds:George W. Bush]] [[nds-nl:George Walker Bush]] [[nl:George Walker Bush]] [[nn:George W. Bush]] [[no:George W. Bush]] [[nrm:George W. Bush]] [[oc:George Walker Bush]] [[pam:George W. Bush]] [[pdc:George W. Bush]] [[pl:George W. Bush]] [[ps:جورج ډبليو بوش]] [[pt:George W. Bush]] [[ro:George W. Bush]] [[ru:Буш, Джордж Уокер]] [[scn:George W. Bush]] [[sco:George W. Bush]] [[sh:George W. Bush]] [[simple:George W. Bush]] [[sk:George W. Bush]] [[sl:George W. Bush]] [[so:George W. Bush]] [[sq:George W. Bush]] [[sr:Џорџ В. Буш]] [[sv:George W. Bush]] [[th:จอร์จ ดับเบิลยู. บุช]] [[tl:George W. Bush]] [[tpi:George Walker Bush]] [[tr:George W. Bush]] [[vi:George W. Bush]] [[yi:דזשאָרדזש בוש]] [[zh:喬治·沃克·布殊]] [[zh-min-nan:George W. Bush]] [[zh-yue:喬治布殊]] 9147 2006-08-21T12:31:47Z Escarbot 73 robot Modifie: [[jbo:djordj.uakr.buc]] [[image:George-W-Bush.jpeg|250px|right|]] '''[[Media:En-us-George Walker Bush.ogg|George Walker {{smcp|Bush}}]]''', abótámi o [[mokɔlɔ 6 ya sánzá ya nsambo]] o [[mobú 1946]], mwǎna ya [[George Herbert Walker Bush]] mpé ya [[Barbara Pierce]], azalí bandá [[mobú 2001]] [[mokambi ekólo]] ya [[Esé ya Ameríka]] ya 43. <br clear="all"/> {{Ameríka (mokambi ekólo)}} {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Mokambi ekolo ya Lisanga ya Amerika|Bush, George Walker]] [[Category:Bitumba pona kobuka bobángisɛmi|Bush, George Walker]] [[Category:Ebótami na 1946|Bush, George Walker]] [[ang:George W. Bush]] [[ar:جورج دبليو بوش]] [[ast:George Walker Bush]] [[bat-smg:George W. Bush]] [[bg:Джордж Уокър Буш]] [[bn:জর্জ ডব্লিউ বুশ]] [[bs:George W. Bush]] [[ca:George Walker Bush]] [[cs:George W. Bush]] [[cy:George W. Bush]] [[da:George W. Bush]] [[de:George W. Bush]] [[el:Τζωρτζ Ουώκερ Μπους]] [[en:George W. Bush]] [[eo:George W. Bush]] [[es:George Walker Bush]] [[et:George W. Bush]] [[eu:George Walker Bush]] [[fa:جرج و. بوش]] [[fi:George W. Bush]] [[fr:George W. Bush]] [[ga:George W. Bush]] [[gd:George W. Bush]] [[gl:George Walker Bush]] [[he:ג'ורג' ווקר בוש]] [[hr:George W. Bush]] [[hu:George W. Bush]] [[id:George W. Bush]] [[io:George W. Bush]] [[is:George W. Bush]] [[it:George W. Bush]] [[ja:ジョージ・ウォーカー・ブッシュ]] [[jbo:djordj.uakr.buc]] [[ka:ბუში, ჯორჯ უოლკერ]] [[kn:ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಬುಷ್]] [[ko:조지 W. 부시]] [[kv:Буш, Джордж Уокер]] [[la:Georgius W. Bush]] [[lb:George W. Bush]] [[li:George W. Bush]] [[lt:Džordžas V. Bušas]] [[ms:George W. Bush]] [[nds:George W. Bush]] [[nds-nl:George Walker Bush]] [[nl:George Walker Bush]] [[nn:George W. Bush]] [[no:George W. Bush]] [[nrm:George W. Bush]] [[oc:George Walker Bush]] [[pam:George W. Bush]] [[pdc:George W. Bush]] [[pl:George W. Bush]] [[ps:جورج ډبليو بوش]] [[pt:George W. Bush]] [[ro:George W. Bush]] [[ru:Буш, Джордж Уокер]] [[scn:George W. Bush]] [[sco:George W. Bush]] [[sh:George W. Bush]] [[simple:George W. Bush]] [[sk:George W. Bush]] [[sl:George W. Bush]] [[so:George W. Bush]] [[sq:George W. Bush]] [[sr:Џорџ В. Буш]] [[sv:George W. Bush]] [[th:จอร์จ ดับเบิลยู. บุช]] [[tl:George W. Bush]] [[tpi:George Walker Bush]] [[tr:George W. Bush]] [[vi:George W. Bush]] [[yi:דזשאָרדזש בוש]] [[zh:喬治·沃克·布殊]] [[zh-min-nan:George W. Bush]] [[zh-yue:喬治布殊]] 9351 2006-09-15T11:12:07Z Robbot 14 robot Ajoute: frp, gv, nap, ty, uk [[image:George-W-Bush.jpeg|250px|right|]] '''[[Media:En-us-George Walker Bush.ogg|George Walker {{smcp|Bush}}]]''', abótámi o [[mokɔlɔ 6 ya sánzá ya nsambo]] o [[mobú 1946]], mwǎna ya [[George Herbert Walker Bush]] mpé ya [[Barbara Pierce]], azalí bandá [[mobú 2001]] [[mokambi ekólo]] ya [[Esé ya Ameríka]] ya 43. <br clear="all"/> {{Ameríka (mokambi ekólo)}} {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Mokambi ekolo ya Lisanga ya Amerika|Bush, George Walker]] [[Category:Bitumba pona kobuka bobángisɛmi|Bush, George Walker]] [[Category:Ebótami na 1946|Bush, George Walker]] [[ang:George W. Bush]] [[ar:جورج دبليو بوش]] [[ast:George Walker Bush]] [[bat-smg:George W. Bush]] [[bg:Джордж Уокър Буш]] [[bn:জর্জ ডব্লিউ বুশ]] [[bs:George W. Bush]] [[ca:George Walker Bush]] [[cs:George W. Bush]] [[cy:George W. Bush]] [[da:George W. Bush]] [[de:George W. Bush]] [[el:Τζωρτζ Ουώκερ Μπους]] [[en:George W. Bush]] [[eo:George W. Bush]] [[es:George Walker Bush]] [[et:George W. Bush]] [[eu:George Walker Bush]] [[fa:جرج و. بوش]] [[fi:George W. Bush]] [[fr:George W. Bush]] [[frp:George Walker Bush]] [[ga:George W. Bush]] [[gd:George W. Bush]] [[gl:George Walker Bush]] [[gv:George W. Bush]] [[he:ג'ורג' ווקר בוש]] [[hr:George W. Bush]] [[hu:George W. Bush]] [[id:George W. Bush]] [[io:George W. Bush]] [[is:George W. Bush]] [[it:George W. Bush]] [[ja:ジョージ・ウォーカー・ブッシュ]] [[jbo:djordj.uakr.buc]] [[ka:ბუში, ჯორჯ უოლკერ]] [[kn:ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಬುಷ್]] [[ko:조지 W. 부시]] [[kv:Буш, Джордж Уокер]] [[la:Georgius W. Bush]] [[lb:George W. Bush]] [[li:George W. Bush]] [[lt:Džordžas V. Bušas]] [[ms:George W. Bush]] [[nap:George W. Bush]] [[nds:George W. Bush]] [[nds-nl:George Walker Bush]] [[nl:George Walker Bush]] [[nn:George W. Bush]] [[no:George W. Bush]] [[nrm:George W. Bush]] [[oc:George Walker Bush]] [[pam:George W. Bush]] [[pdc:George W. Bush]] [[pl:George W. Bush]] [[ps:جورج ډبليو بوش]] [[pt:George W. Bush]] [[ro:George W. Bush]] [[ru:Буш, Джордж Уокер]] [[scn:George W. Bush]] [[sco:George W. Bush]] [[sh:George W. Bush]] [[simple:George W. Bush]] [[sk:George W. Bush]] [[sl:George W. Bush]] [[so:George W. Bush]] [[sq:George W. Bush]] [[sr:Џорџ В. Буш]] [[sv:George W. Bush]] [[th:จอร์จ ดับเบิลยู. บุช]] [[tl:George W. Bush]] [[tpi:George Walker Bush]] [[tr:George W. Bush]] [[ty:George W. Bush]] [[uk:Буш Джордж Вокер]] [[vi:George W. Bush]] [[yi:דזשאָרדזש בוש]] [[zh:喬治·沃克·布殊]] [[zh-min-nan:George W. Bush]] [[zh-yue:喬治布殊]] 9413 2006-10-03T17:26:52Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: [[tg:Ҷорҷ Уокер Буш]] Modifie: [[el:Τζωρτζ Μπους (νεότερος)]], [[fa:جورج دبلیو بوش]] [[image:George-W-Bush.jpeg|250px|right|]] '''[[Media:En-us-George Walker Bush.ogg|George Walker {{smcp|Bush}}]]''', abótámi o [[mokɔlɔ 6 ya sánzá ya nsambo]] o [[mobú 1946]], mwǎna ya [[George Herbert Walker Bush]] mpé ya [[Barbara Pierce]], azalí bandá [[mobú 2001]] [[mokambi ekólo]] ya [[Esé ya Ameríka]] ya 43. <br clear="all"/> {{Ameríka (mokambi ekólo)}} {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Mokambi ekolo ya Lisanga ya Amerika|Bush, George Walker]] [[Category:Bitumba pona kobuka bobángisɛmi|Bush, George Walker]] [[Category:Ebótami na 1946|Bush, George Walker]] [[ang:George W. Bush]] [[ar:جورج دبليو بوش]] [[ast:George Walker Bush]] [[bat-smg:George W. Bush]] [[bg:Джордж Уокър Буш]] [[bn:জর্জ ডব্লিউ বুশ]] [[bs:George W. Bush]] [[ca:George Walker Bush]] [[cs:George W. Bush]] [[cy:George W. Bush]] [[da:George W. Bush]] [[de:George W. Bush]] [[el:Τζωρτζ Μπους (νεότερος)]] [[en:George W. Bush]] [[eo:George W. Bush]] [[es:George Walker Bush]] [[et:George W. Bush]] [[eu:George Walker Bush]] [[fa:جورج دبلیو بوش]] [[fi:George W. Bush]] [[fr:George W. Bush]] [[frp:George Walker Bush]] [[ga:George W. Bush]] [[gd:George W. Bush]] [[gl:George Walker Bush]] [[gv:George W. Bush]] [[he:ג'ורג' ווקר בוש]] [[hr:George W. Bush]] [[hu:George W. Bush]] [[id:George W. Bush]] [[io:George W. Bush]] [[is:George W. Bush]] [[it:George W. Bush]] [[ja:ジョージ・ウォーカー・ブッシュ]] [[jbo:djordj.uakr.buc]] [[ka:ბუში, ჯორჯ უოლკერ]] [[kn:ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಬುಷ್]] [[ko:조지 W. 부시]] [[kv:Буш, Джордж Уокер]] [[la:Georgius W. Bush]] [[lb:George W. Bush]] [[li:George W. Bush]] [[lt:Džordžas V. Bušas]] [[ms:George W. Bush]] [[nap:George W. Bush]] [[nds:George W. Bush]] [[nds-nl:George Walker Bush]] [[nl:George Walker Bush]] [[nn:George W. Bush]] [[no:George W. Bush]] [[nrm:George W. Bush]] [[oc:George Walker Bush]] [[pam:George W. Bush]] [[pdc:George W. Bush]] [[pl:George W. Bush]] [[ps:جورج ډبليو بوش]] [[pt:George W. Bush]] [[ro:George W. Bush]] [[ru:Буш, Джордж Уокер]] [[scn:George W. Bush]] [[sco:George W. Bush]] [[sh:George W. Bush]] [[simple:George W. Bush]] [[sk:George W. Bush]] [[sl:George W. Bush]] [[so:George W. Bush]] [[sq:George W. Bush]] [[sr:Џорџ В. Буш]] [[sv:George W. Bush]] [[tg:Ҷорҷ Уокер Буш]] [[th:จอร์จ ดับเบิลยู. บุช]] [[tl:George W. Bush]] [[tpi:George Walker Bush]] [[tr:George W. Bush]] [[ty:George W. Bush]] [[uk:Буш Джордж Вокер]] [[vi:George W. Bush]] [[yi:דזשאָרדזש בוש]] [[zh:喬治·沃克·布殊]] [[zh-min-nan:George W. Bush]] [[zh-yue:喬治布殊]] 9788 2006-11-18T13:30:09Z Moyogo 11 [[image:George-W-Bush.jpeg|250px|right|]] '''[[Media:En-us-George Walker Bush.ogg|George Walker {{smcp|Bush}}]]''', abótámi o [[mokɔlɔ 6 ya sánzá ya nsambo]] o mobú [[1946]], mwǎna ya [[George Herbert Walker Bush]] mpé ya [[Barbara Pierce]], azalí bandá [[mobú 2001]] [[mokambi ekólo]] ya [[Esé ya Ameríka]] ya 43. <br clear="all"/> {{Ameríka (mokambi ekólo)}} {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Mokambi ekolo ya Lisanga ya Amerika|Bush, George Walker]] [[Category:Bitumba pona kobuka bobángisɛmi|Bush, George Walker]] [[Category:Ebótami na 1946|Bush, George Walker]] [[ang:George W. Bush]] [[ar:جورج دبليو بوش]] [[ast:George Walker Bush]] [[bat-smg:George W. Bush]] [[bg:Джордж Уокър Буш]] [[bn:জর্জ ডব্লিউ বুশ]] [[bs:George W. Bush]] [[ca:George Walker Bush]] [[cs:George W. Bush]] [[cy:George W. Bush]] [[da:George W. Bush]] [[de:George W. Bush]] [[el:Τζωρτζ Μπους (νεότερος)]] [[en:George W. Bush]] [[eo:George W. Bush]] [[es:George Walker Bush]] [[et:George W. Bush]] [[eu:George Walker Bush]] [[fa:جورج دبلیو بوش]] [[fi:George W. Bush]] [[fr:George W. Bush]] [[frp:George Walker Bush]] [[ga:George W. Bush]] [[gd:George W. Bush]] [[gl:George Walker Bush]] [[gv:George W. Bush]] [[he:ג'ורג' ווקר בוש]] [[hr:George W. Bush]] [[hu:George W. Bush]] [[id:George W. Bush]] [[io:George W. Bush]] [[is:George W. Bush]] [[it:George W. Bush]] [[ja:ジョージ・ウォーカー・ブッシュ]] [[jbo:djordj.uakr.buc]] [[ka:ბუში, ჯორჯ უოლკერ]] [[kn:ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಬುಷ್]] [[ko:조지 W. 부시]] [[kv:Буш, Джордж Уокер]] [[la:Georgius W. Bush]] [[lb:George W. Bush]] [[li:George W. Bush]] [[lt:Džordžas V. Bušas]] [[ms:George W. Bush]] [[nap:George W. Bush]] [[nds:George W. Bush]] [[nds-nl:George Walker Bush]] [[nl:George Walker Bush]] [[nn:George W. Bush]] [[no:George W. Bush]] [[nrm:George W. Bush]] [[oc:George Walker Bush]] [[pam:George W. Bush]] [[pdc:George W. Bush]] [[pl:George W. Bush]] [[ps:جورج ډبليو بوش]] [[pt:George W. Bush]] [[ro:George W. Bush]] [[ru:Буш, Джордж Уокер]] [[scn:George W. Bush]] [[sco:George W. Bush]] [[sh:George W. Bush]] [[simple:George W. Bush]] [[sk:George W. Bush]] [[sl:George W. Bush]] [[so:George W. Bush]] [[sq:George W. Bush]] [[sr:Џорџ В. Буш]] [[sv:George W. Bush]] [[tg:Ҷорҷ Уокер Буш]] [[th:จอร์จ ดับเบิลยู. บุช]] [[tl:George W. Bush]] [[tpi:George Walker Bush]] [[tr:George W. Bush]] [[ty:George W. Bush]] [[uk:Буш Джордж Вокер]] [[vi:George W. Bush]] [[yi:דזשאָרדזש בוש]] [[zh:喬治·沃克·布殊]] [[zh-min-nan:George W. Bush]] [[zh-yue:喬治布殊]] Template:FichePresidentUS 1653 5529 2005-07-23T01:11:21Z 199.8.238.219 {| width="280px" align="right" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px;" ! colspan="2" style="background-color: #DFC9AE" | {| style="background: #DFC9AE" align="center" width="100%" | padding=15px| | style="background: #DFC9AE" align="center" width="100%" |<font color=white size="4"> '''{{{nompresident}}}''' | padding=15px| |} |- |colspan=2 align="center" bgcolor="white" |{{{image}}} |- | bgcolor="#F6EADB" |N° d’ordre||{{{numero}}} président des États-Unis d'Amérique |- | bgcolor="#F6EADB" |Mandat||{{{mandat}}} |- | bgcolor="#F6EADB" |Date et lieu<br /> de naissance||{{{datenaissance}}}<br /> à {{{lieunaissance}}} |- | bgcolor="#F6EADB" |Date et lieu<br /> de décès||{{{datedécès}}}<br /> à {{{lieudécès}}} |- |bgcolor="#F6EADB" |Profession||{{{profession}}} |- |bgcolor="#F6EADB" |[[Parti politique]]||{{{partipolitique}}} |- | bgcolor="#F6EADB" |[[Vice-président des États-Unis d'Amérique|Vice-président]]||{{{vicepresident}}} |- |colspan=2 align="center" bgcolor="#F6EADB" |[[Processus électoral]]</br>[[Élections présidentielles aux États-Unis d'Amérique - Résultats|Résultats des élections]]</br>[[Liste des Vice-présidents]]</br>[[Liste des candidats à l'élection présidentielle étatsunienne|{| width="280px" align="right" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px;" ! colspan="2" style="background-color: #DFC9AE" | {| style="background: #DFC9AE" align="center" width="100%" | padding=15px| | style="background: #DFC9AE" align="center" width="100%" |<font color=white size="4"> '''{{{nompresident}}}''' | padding=15px| |} |- |colspan=2 align="center" bgcolor="white" |{{{image}}} |- | bgcolor="#F6EADB" |N° d’ordre||{{{numero}}} président des États-Unis d'Amérique |- | bgcolor="#F6EADB" |Mandat||{{{mandat}}} |- | bgcolor="#F6EADB" |Date et lieu<br /> de naissance||{{{datenaissance}}}<br /> à {{{lieunaissance}}} |- | bgcolor="#F6EADB" |Date et lieu<br /> de décès||{{{datedécès}}}<br /> à {{{lieudécès}}} |- |bgcolor="#F6EADB" |Profession||{{{profession}}} |- |bgcolor="#F6EADB" |[[Parti politique]]||{{{partipolitique}}} |- | bgcolor="#F6EADB" |[[Vice-président des États-Unis d'Amérique|Vice-président]]||{{{vicepresident}}} |- |colspan=2 align="center" bgcolor="#F6EADB" |[[Processus électoral]]</br>[[Élections présidentielles aux États-Unis d'Amérique - Résultats|Résultats des élections]]</br>[[Liste des Vice-présidents]]</br>[[Liste des candidats à l'élection présidentielle étatsunienne|Liste des candidats]] |} ]] |} 5530 2005-07-23T01:14:01Z 199.8.238.219 {| width="280px" align="right" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px;" ! colspan="2" style="background-color: #DFC9AE" | {| style="background: #DFC9AE" align="center" width="100%" | padding=15px| | style="background: #DFC9AE" align="center" width="100%" |<font color=white size="4"> '''{{{nompresident}}}''' | padding=15px| |} |- |colspan=2 align="center" bgcolor="white" |{{{image}}} |- | bgcolor="#F6EADB" |N° d’ordre||{{{numero}}} président des États-Unis d'Amérique |- | bgcolor="#F6EADB" |Mandat||{{{mandat}}} |- | bgcolor="#F6EADB" |Date et lieu<br /> de naissance||{{{datenaissance}}}<br /> à {{{lieunaissance}}} |- | bgcolor="#F6EADB" |Date et lieu<br /> de décès||{{{datedécès}}}<br /> à {{{lieudécès}}} |- |bgcolor="#F6EADB" |Profession||{{{profession}}} |- |bgcolor="#F6EADB" |[[Parti politique]]||{{{partipolitique}}} |- | bgcolor="#F6EADB" |[[Vice-président des États-Unis d'Amérique|Vice-président]]||{{{vicepresident}}} |- |colspan=2 align="center" bgcolor="#F6EADB" |[[Processus électoral]]</br>[[Élections présidentielles aux États-Unis d'Amérique - Résultats|Résultats des élections]]</br>[[Liste des Vice-présidents]]</br>[[Liste des candidats à l'élection présidentielle étatsunienne|{| width="280px" align="right" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px;"]] ! colspan="2" style="background-color: #DFC9AE" | {| style="background: #DFC9AE" align="center" width="100%" | padding=15px| | style="background: #DFC9AE" align="center" width="100%" |<font color=white size="4"> '''{{{nompresident}}}''' | padding=15px| |} |- |colspan=2 align="center" bgcolor="white" |{{{image}}} |- | bgcolor="#F6EADB" |N° d’ordre||{{{numero}}} président des États-Unis d'Amérique |- | bgcolor="#F6EADB" |Mandat||{{{mandat}}} |- | bgcolor="#F6EADB" |Date et lieu<br /> de naissance||{{{datenaissance}}}<br /> à {{{lieunaissance}}} |- | bgcolor="#F6EADB" |Date et lieu<br /> de décès||{{{datedécès}}}<br /> à {{{lieudécès}}} |- |bgcolor="#F6EADB" |Profession||{{{profession}}} |- |bgcolor="#F6EADB" |[[Parti politique]]||{{{partipolitique}}} |- | bgcolor="#F6EADB" |[[Vice-président des États-Unis d'Amérique|Vice-président]]||{{{vicepresident}}} |- |colspan=2 align="center" bgcolor="#F6EADB" |[[Processus électoral]]</br>[[Élections présidentielles aux États-Unis d'Amérique - Résultats|Résultats des élections]]</br>[[Liste des Vice-présidents]]</br>[[Liste des candidats à l'élection présidentielle étatsunienne|Liste des candidats]] |} ]] |} 5531 2005-07-23T01:14:50Z 199.8.238.219 {| width="280px" align="right" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px;" ! colspan="2" style="background-color: #DFC9AE" | {| style="background: #DFC9AE" align="center" width="100%" | padding=15px| | style="background: #DFC9AE" align="center" width="100%" |<font color=white size="4"> '''{{{nompresident}}}''' | padding=15px| |} |- |colspan=2 align="center" bgcolor="white" |{{{image}}} |- | bgcolor="#F6EADB" |N° d’ordre||{{{numero}}} président des États-Unis d'Amérique |- | bgcolor="#F6EADB" |Mandat||{{{mandat}}} |- | bgcolor="#F6EADB" |Date et lieu<br /> de naissance||{{{datenaissance}}}<br /> à {{{lieunaissance}}} |- | bgcolor="#F6EADB" |Date et lieu<br /> de décès||{{{datedécès}}}<br /> à {{{lieudécès}}} |- |bgcolor="#F6EADB" |Profession||{{{profession}}} |- |bgcolor="#F6EADB" |[[Parti politique]]||{{{partipolitique}}} |- | bgcolor="#F6EADB" |[[Vice-président des États-Unis d'Amérique|Vice-président]]||{{{vicepresident}}} |- |colspan=2 align="center" bgcolor="#F6EADB" |[[Processus électoral]]</br>[[Élections présidentielles aux États-Unis d'Amérique - Résultats|Résultats des élections]]</br>[[Liste des Vice-présidents]]</br>[[Liste des candidats à l'élection présidentielle étatsunienne|Liste des candidats]] |} Template:Wikisource 1654 5532 2005-07-23T01:27:10Z 199.8.238.219 {{Wikilien | image=80px-Sourceberg.jpg |texte=[[Wikisource]] epesaka makasa ya '''[[:Wikisource:Auteur:{{PAGENAME}}|''{{PAGENAME}}'']]''' nakati ya [[domaine public]] |couleur_fond=f9f9f9 }} Template:Wikilien 1655 5533 2005-07-23T01:28:17Z 199.8.238.219 <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: #{{{couleur_fond}}}; width: 250px; padding: 4px; spacing: 0px; text-align: left; float: right;"> <div style="float: left;">[[Image:{{{image}}}|50px]]</div> <div style="margin-left: 60px">{{{texte}}} </div> </div> Template:Commons 1656 5534 2005-07-23T21:05:54Z 199.8.238.219 <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f9; width: 250px; padding: 4px; spacing: 0px; text-align: left; float: right;"> <div style="float: left;"> [[Image:Commons-logo.png|50px|none|Commons]] </div> <div style="margin-left: 60px;">[[Wikimedia Commons]] ezali na ba media mosusu oyo etali: <div style="margin-left: 10px;">'''''[[Commons:{{{1}}}|{{PAGENAME}}]]'''''</div> </div> </div> 9567 2006-10-24T09:44:36Z 87.122.19.46 svg <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f9; width: 250px; padding: 4px; spacing: 0px; text-align: left; float: right;"> <div style="float: left;"> [[Image:Commons-logo.svg|50px|none|Commons]] </div> <div style="margin-left: 60px;">[[Wikimedia Commons]] ezali na ba media mosusu oyo etali: <div style="margin-left: 10px;">'''''[[Commons:{{{1}}}|{{PAGENAME}}]]'''''</div> </div> </div> Template:Ligne grise 1657 5535 2005-07-23T21:06:57Z 199.8.238.219 bgcolor="#EFEFEF" Template:Wikitravel 1658 5536 2005-07-23T21:07:52Z 199.8.238.219 {{wikitravelpar|{{PAGENAME}}}} Template:Wikitravelpar 1659 5537 2005-07-23T21:09:53Z 199.8.238.219 [[wikitravel:{{{1}}}|Esalisi to mpe "guide" ya mobembo na ''{{{1}}}'']] esalemi na [[Wikitravel]] 5547 2005-07-23T22:36:15Z 199.8.238.219 {{wikilien| image=Wikitravel.png |texte=[[Wikitravel]] ezali kopesa esalisi to mpe "guide" ya mobembo na '''[http://wikitravel.org/fr/{{{2}}} {{{1}}}]''' na lisensia ya [[Creative Commons]]. |couleur_fond=f9f9f9 }} 5548 2005-07-23T22:45:06Z 199.8.238.219 {{wikilien| image=Wikitravel.png |texte=[[Wikitravel]] ezali kopesa esalisi to mpe "guide" ya mobembo na '''[http://wikitravel.org/fr/{{{1}}}]''' na lisensia ya [[Creative Commons]]. |couleur_fond=f9f9f9 }} 5549 2005-07-23T22:46:52Z 199.8.238.219 {{wikilien| image=Wikitravel.png |texte=[[Wikitravel]] ezali kopesa esalisi to mpe "guide" ya mobembo na '''[http://wikitravel.org/fr/{{{2}}}/ {{{1}}}]''' na lisensia ya [[Creative Commons]]. |couleur_fond=f9f9f9 }} 5550 2005-07-23T22:53:59Z 199.8.238.219 {{wikilien| image=Wikitravel.png |texte=[[Wikitravel]] ezali kopesa esalisi to mpe "guide" ya mobembo na '''[http://wikitravel.org/fr/{{{1}}} {{{1}}}]''' na lisensia ya [[Creative Commons]]. |couleur_fond=f9f9f9 }} 5551 2005-07-23T22:55:42Z 199.8.238.219 {{wikilien| image=Wikitravel.png |texte=[[Wikitravel]] ezali kopesa esalisi to mpe "guide" ya mobembo na '''[http://wikitravel.org/fr/{{{3}}} {{{1}}}]''' na lisensia ya [[Creative Commons]]. |couleur_fond=f9f9f9 }} 5552 2005-07-23T22:57:59Z 199.8.238.219 {{wikilien| image=Wikitravel.png |texte=[[Wikitravel]] ezali kopesa esalisi to mpe "guide" ya mobembo o '''[http://wikitravel.org/fr/{{{1}}} {{{1}}}]''' na lisensia ya [[Creative Commons]]. |couleur_fond=f9f9f9 }} 5553 2005-07-23T23:02:07Z 199.8.238.219 {{wikilien| image=Wikitravel.png |texte=[[Wikitravel]] ezali kopesa esalisi to mpe "guide" ya mobembo o '''[[wikitravel:{{{2}}} {{{1}}}]''' na lisensia ya [[Creative Commons]]. |couleur_fond=f9f9f9 }} 5554 2005-07-23T23:02:29Z 199.8.238.219 {{wikilien| image=Wikitravel.png |texte=[[Wikitravel]] ezali kopesa esalisi to mpe "guide" ya mobembo o '''[[wikitravel:{{{2}}} {{{1}}}]]''' na lisensia ya [[Creative Commons]]. |couleur_fond=f9f9f9 }} 5555 2005-07-23T23:02:46Z 199.8.238.219 {{wikilien| image=Wikitravel.png |texte=[[Wikitravel]] ezali kopesa esalisi to mpe "guide" ya mobembo o '''[[wikitravel:{{{2}}}|{{{1}}}]]''' na lisensia ya [[Creative Commons]]. |couleur_fond=f9f9f9 }} 5556 2005-07-23T23:05:59Z 199.8.238.219 {{wikilien| image=Wikitravel.png |texte=[[Wikitravel]] ezali kopesa esalisi to mpe "guide" ya mobembo o '''[[http://wikitravel.org/{{{1}}} {{{1}}}]]''' na lisensia ya [[Creative Commons]]. |couleur_fond=f9f9f9 }} 5557 2005-07-23T23:07:50Z 199.8.238.219 {{wikilien| image=Wikitravel.png |texte=[[Wikitravel]] ezali kopesa esalisi to mpe "guide" ya mobembo o '''[[http://wikitravel.org/en/{{{1}}} {{{1}}}]]''' na lisensia ya [[Creative Commons]]. |couleur_fond=f9f9f9 }} Wikitravel 1660 5538 2005-07-23T21:42:25Z 199.8.238.219 [[Image:wikitravel.png|right|noframe]] '''Wikitravel''' is a project to create an [[open content]], complete, up-to-date, and reliable world-wide [[guide ya mobembo]]. Ata ezali kosalela modeli ya [[Wiki]] pona kokela guide yango, mpe lakisa yango o mokili mobimna na internet to mpe[[World Wide Web]] ([[www]]), projet oyo ezali mpe na suka-suka ya ko bima na ndéngé ya buku ya kalité. Wikitravel etongami na lisalisi ya batámbɔli-mokili ya Wiki, to mpe ''Wikitravellers'' o mokili mobimba. Wikitravel ebandemaki na Yuli ya [[2003]], na makanisi moko-moko mpenza na [[Wikipedia]]. Projet oyo ezali kosalela [[MediaWiki]], oyo esalemi mpe pona Wikipedia. Kasi, Wikitravel ezali projet ya [[Wikimedia]] te, mpe ekeséni na Wikipedia mpo esáléli lisensia ya [[Creative Commons]] [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/1.0/ Attribution ShareAlike license] na esika ya kosalela lisensia ya makɛmi-polélé to mpe [[GNU Free Documentation License]]. Okáti o bisaleli mingi, lisensia ya '''Creative Commons''' epesi nzela pona kobimisa mankasa ya basaleli Wiki na mikakatano moke koleka. Note that although both Wikipedia and Wikitravel are [[free content]] resources, because of the incompatible licenses content can not be easily copied between them. Wikitravel esalemi na nkotá mingi. Ekútánémi na nkóta motpba (6). Pona kotala: *[[Ingɛ́lesi]] [http://wikitravel.org/en/article/Main_Page Wikitravel] *[[Kiromani]] [http://wikitravel.org/ro/Portal] *[[Lifalansé]] [http://wikitravel.org/fr/Accueil] *[[Kialemani]] [http://wikitravel.org/de/Hauptseite] *[[Kiswede]] [http://wikitravel.org/sv/Huvudsida] *[[Kijaponi]] [http://wikitravel.org/ja/] ==Tala mpe== *[[World66]] ==Mankásá-web olibanda wikipedia== *[http://wikitravel.org/en/Main_Page Wikitravel Homepage] [[Category:Mankásá-web]] [[Category:Turismɛ]] [[Category:masangá wiki]] [[de:Wikitravel]] [[fr:Wikitravel]] [[hu:Wikitravel]] [[it:Wikitravel]] [[ja:&#12454;&#12451;&#12461;&#12488;&#12521;&#12505;&#12523;]] [[nl:Wikitravel]] [[ro:Wikitravel]] [[sv:Wikitravel]] 5539 2005-07-23T21:45:10Z 199.8.238.219 [[Image:wikitravel.png|right|noframe]] '''Wikitravel''' is a project to create an [[open content]], complete, up-to-date, and reliable world-wide [[guide ya mobembo]]. Ata ezali kosalela modeli ya [[Wiki]] pona kokela guide yango, mpe lakisa yango o mokili mobimna na internet to mpe[[World Wide Web]] ([[www]]), projet oyo ezali mpe na suka-suka ya ko bima na ndéngé ya buku ya kalité. Wikitravel etongami na lisalisi ya batámbɔli-mokili ya Wiki, to mpe ''Wikitravellers'' o mokili mobimba. Wikitravel ebandemaki na Yuli ya [[2003]], na makanisi moko-moko mpenza na [[Wikipedia]]. Projet oyo ezali kosalela [[MediaWiki]], oyo esalemi mpe pona Wikipedia. Kasi, Wikitravel ezali projet ya [[Wikimedia]] te, mpe ekeséni na Wikipedia mpo esáléli lisensia ya [[Creative Commons]] [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/1.0/ Attribution ShareAlike license] na esika ya kosalela lisensia ya makɛmi-polélé to mpe [[GNU Free Documentation License]]. Okáti o bisaleli mingi, lisensia ya '''Creative Commons''' epesi nzela pona kobimisa mankasa ya basaleli Wiki na mikakatano moke koleka. Note that although both Wikipedia and Wikitravel are [[free content]] resources, because of the incompatible licenses content can not be easily copied between them. Wikitravel esalemi na nkotá mingi. Ekútánémi na nkóta motpba (6). Pona kotala: *[[Lingɛlɛ́sa]] [http://wikitravel.org/en/article/Main_Page Wikitravel] *[[Kiromani]] [http://wikitravel.org/ro/Portal] *[[Lifalansé]] [http://wikitravel.org/fr/Accueil] *[[Kialemani]] [http://wikitravel.org/de/Hauptseite] *[[Kiswede]] [http://wikitravel.org/sv/Huvudsida] *[[Kijaponi]] [http://wikitravel.org/ja/] ==Tala mpe== *[[World66]] ==Mankásá-web olibanda wikipedia== *[http://wikitravel.org/en/Main_Page Wikitravel Homepage] [[Category:Mankásá-web]] [[Category:Turismɛ]] [[Category:masangá wiki]] [[de:Wikitravel]] [[fr:Wikitravel]] [[hu:Wikitravel]] [[it:Wikitravel]] [[ja:&#12454;&#12451;&#12461;&#12488;&#12521;&#12505;&#12523;]] [[nl:Wikitravel]] [[ro:Wikitravel]] [[sv:Wikitravel]] 7196 2005-12-05T15:52:45Z Moyogo 11 lingála tɛ́ [[Image:wikitravel.png|right|noframe]] '''Wikitravel''' is a project to create an [[open content]], complete, up-to-date, and reliable world-wide [[guide ya mobembo]]. Ata ezali kosalela modeli ya [[Wiki]] pona kokela guide yango, mpe lakisa yango o mokili mobimna na internet to mpe[[World Wide Web]] ([[www]]), projet oyo ezali mpe na suka-suka ya ko bima na ndéngé ya buku ya kalité. Wikitravel etongami na lisalisi ya batámbɔli-mokili ya Wiki, to mpe ''Wikitravellers'' o mokili mobimba. Wikitravel ebandemaki na Yuli ya [[2003]], na makanisi moko-moko mpenza na [[Wikipedia]]. Projet oyo ezali kosalela [[MediaWiki]], oyo esalemi mpe pona Wikipedia. Kasi, Wikitravel ezali projet ya [[Wikimedia]] te, mpe ekeséni na Wikipedia mpo esáléli lisensia ya [[Creative Commons]] [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/1.0/ Attribution ShareAlike license] na esika ya kosalela lisensia ya makɛmi-polélé to mpe [[GNU Free Documentation License]]. Okáti o bisaleli mingi, lisensia ya '''Creative Commons''' epesi nzela pona kobimisa mankasa ya basaleli Wiki na mikakatano moke koleka. Note that although both Wikipedia and Wikitravel are [[free content]] resources, because of the incompatible licenses content can not be easily copied between them. Wikitravel esalemi na nkotá mingi. Ekútánémi na nkóta motpba (6). Pona kotala: *[[Lingɛlɛ́sa]] [http://wikitravel.org/en/article/Main_Page Wikitravel] *[[Kiromani]] [http://wikitravel.org/ro/Portal] *[[Lifalansé]] [http://wikitravel.org/fr/Accueil] *[[Kialemani]] [http://wikitravel.org/de/Hauptseite] *[[Kiswede]] [http://wikitravel.org/sv/Huvudsida] *[[Kijaponi]] [http://wikitravel.org/ja/] ==Tala mpe== *[[World66]] ==Mankásá-web olibanda wikipedia== *[http://wikitravel.org/en/Main_Page Wikitravel Homepage] {{lingála tɛ́}} [[Category:Mankásá-web]] [[Category:Turismɛ]] [[Category:masangá wiki]] [[de:Wikitravel]] [[fr:Wikitravel]] [[hu:Wikitravel]] [[it:Wikitravel]] [[ja:&#12454;&#12451;&#12461;&#12488;&#12521;&#12505;&#12523;]] [[nl:Wikitravel]] [[ro:Wikitravel]] [[sv:Wikitravel]] 7198 2005-12-05T15:55:17Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:wikitravel.png|right|noframe]] '''Wikitravel''' is a project to create an [[open content]], complete, up-to-date, and reliable world-wide [[guide ya mobembo]]. Ata ezali kosalela modeli ya [[Wiki]] pona kokela guide yango, mpe lakisa yango o mokili mobimna na internet to mpe[[World Wide Web]] ([[www]]), projet oyo ezali mpe na suka-suka ya ko bima na ndéngé ya buku ya kalité. Wikitravel etongami na lisalisi ya batámbɔli-mokili ya Wiki, to mpe ''Wikitravellers'' o mokili mobimba. Wikitravel ebandemaki na Yuli ya [[2003]], na makanisi moko-moko mpenza na [[Wikipedia]]. Projet oyo ezali kosalela [[MediaWiki]], oyo esalemi mpe pona Wikipedia. Kasi, Wikitravel ezali projet ya [[Wikimedia]] te, mpe ekeséni na Wikipedia mpo esáléli lisensia ya [[Creative Commons]] [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/1.0/ Attribution ShareAlike license] na esika ya kosalela lisensia ya makɛmi-polélé to mpe [[GNU Free Documentation License]]. Okáti o bisaleli mingi, lisensia ya '''Creative Commons''' epesi nzela pona kobimisa mankasa ya basaleli Wiki na mikakatano moke koleka. Note that although both Wikipedia and Wikitravel are [[free content]] resources, because of the incompatible licenses content can not be easily copied between them. Wikitravel esalemi na nkotá mingi. Ekútánémi na nkóta motpba (6). Pona kotala: *[[Lingɛlɛ́sa]] [http://wikitravel.org/en/article/Main_Page Wikitravel] *[[Liromani]] [http://wikitravel.org/ro/Portal] *[[Lifalansé]] [http://wikitravel.org/fr/Accueil] *[[Lialemani]] [http://wikitravel.org/de/Hauptseite] *[[Liswede]] [http://wikitravel.org/sv/Huvudsida] *[[Lijaponi]] [http://wikitravel.org/ja/] ==Tala mpe== *[[World66]] ==Mankásá-web olibanda wikipedia== *[http://wikitravel.org/en/Main_Page Wikitravel Homepage] {{lingála tɛ́}} [[Category:Mankásá-web]] [[Category:Turismɛ]] [[Category:masangá wiki]] [[de:Wikitravel]] [[fr:Wikitravel]] [[hu:Wikitravel]] [[it:Wikitravel]] [[ja:&#12454;&#12451;&#12461;&#12488;&#12521;&#12505;&#12523;]] [[nl:Wikitravel]] [[ro:Wikitravel]] [[sv:Wikitravel]] 7310 2005-12-11T21:05:29Z Blockinblox 38 /* Mankásá-web olibanda wikipedia */ [[Image:wikitravel.png|right|noframe]] '''Wikitravel''' is a project to create an [[open content]], complete, up-to-date, and reliable world-wide [[guide ya mobembo]]. Ata ezali kosalela modeli ya [[Wiki]] pona kokela guide yango, mpe lakisa yango o mokili mobimna na internet to mpe[[World Wide Web]] ([[www]]), projet oyo ezali mpe na suka-suka ya ko bima na ndéngé ya buku ya kalité. Wikitravel etongami na lisalisi ya batámbɔli-mokili ya Wiki, to mpe ''Wikitravellers'' o mokili mobimba. Wikitravel ebandemaki na Yuli ya [[2003]], na makanisi moko-moko mpenza na [[Wikipedia]]. Projet oyo ezali kosalela [[MediaWiki]], oyo esalemi mpe pona Wikipedia. Kasi, Wikitravel ezali projet ya [[Wikimedia]] te, mpe ekeséni na Wikipedia mpo esáléli lisensia ya [[Creative Commons]] [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/1.0/ Attribution ShareAlike license] na esika ya kosalela lisensia ya makɛmi-polélé to mpe [[GNU Free Documentation License]]. Okáti o bisaleli mingi, lisensia ya '''Creative Commons''' epesi nzela pona kobimisa mankasa ya basaleli Wiki na mikakatano moke koleka. Note that although both Wikipedia and Wikitravel are [[free content]] resources, because of the incompatible licenses content can not be easily copied between them. Wikitravel esalemi na nkotá mingi. Ekútánémi na nkóta motpba (6). Pona kotala: *[[Lingɛlɛ́sa]] [http://wikitravel.org/en/article/Main_Page Wikitravel] *[[Liromani]] [http://wikitravel.org/ro/Portal] *[[Lifalansé]] [http://wikitravel.org/fr/Accueil] *[[Lialemani]] [http://wikitravel.org/de/Hauptseite] *[[Liswede]] [http://wikitravel.org/sv/Huvudsida] *[[Lijaponi]] [http://wikitravel.org/ja/] ==Tala mpe== *[[World66]] ==Mankásá-web olibanda wikipedia== *[http://wikitravel.org/en/Main_Page Wikitravel Homepage] [[Category:Mankásá-web]] [[Category:Turismɛ]] [[Category:masangá wiki]] [[de:Wikitravel]] [[fr:Wikitravel]] [[hu:Wikitravel]] [[it:Wikitravel]] [[ja:&#12454;&#12451;&#12461;&#12488;&#12521;&#12505;&#12523;]] [[nl:Wikitravel]] [[ro:Wikitravel]] [[sv:Wikitravel]] 7931 2006-04-01T08:04:42Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: da, en, es, fi, id, pl, pt, ru, zh [[Image:wikitravel.png|right|noframe]] '''Wikitravel''' is a project to create an [[open content]], complete, up-to-date, and reliable world-wide [[guide ya mobembo]]. Ata ezali kosalela modeli ya [[Wiki]] pona kokela guide yango, mpe lakisa yango o mokili mobimna na internet to mpe[[World Wide Web]] ([[www]]), projet oyo ezali mpe na suka-suka ya ko bima na ndéngé ya buku ya kalité. Wikitravel etongami na lisalisi ya batámbɔli-mokili ya Wiki, to mpe ''Wikitravellers'' o mokili mobimba. Wikitravel ebandemaki na Yuli ya [[2003]], na makanisi moko-moko mpenza na [[Wikipedia]]. Projet oyo ezali kosalela [[MediaWiki]], oyo esalemi mpe pona Wikipedia. Kasi, Wikitravel ezali projet ya [[Wikimedia]] te, mpe ekeséni na Wikipedia mpo esáléli lisensia ya [[Creative Commons]] [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/1.0/ Attribution ShareAlike license] na esika ya kosalela lisensia ya makɛmi-polélé to mpe [[GNU Free Documentation License]]. Okáti o bisaleli mingi, lisensia ya '''Creative Commons''' epesi nzela pona kobimisa mankasa ya basaleli Wiki na mikakatano moke koleka. Note that although both Wikipedia and Wikitravel are [[free content]] resources, because of the incompatible licenses content can not be easily copied between them. Wikitravel esalemi na nkotá mingi. Ekútánémi na nkóta motpba (6). Pona kotala: *[[Lingɛlɛ́sa]] [http://wikitravel.org/en/article/Main_Page Wikitravel] *[[Liromani]] [http://wikitravel.org/ro/Portal] *[[Lifalansé]] [http://wikitravel.org/fr/Accueil] *[[Lialemani]] [http://wikitravel.org/de/Hauptseite] *[[Liswede]] [http://wikitravel.org/sv/Huvudsida] *[[Lijaponi]] [http://wikitravel.org/ja/] ==Tala mpe== *[[World66]] ==Mankásá-web olibanda wikipedia== *[http://wikitravel.org/en/Main_Page Wikitravel Homepage] [[Category:Mankásá-web]] [[Category:Turismɛ]] [[Category:masangá wiki]] [[da:Wikitravel]] [[de:Wikitravel]] [[en:Wikitravel]] [[es:Wikitravel]] [[fi:Wikitravel]] [[fr:Wikitravel]] [[hu:Wikitravel]] [[id:Wikitravel]] [[it:Wikitravel]] [[ja:ウィキトラベル]] [[nl:Wikitravel]] [[pl:Wikitravel]] [[pt:Wikitravel]] [[ro:Wikitravel]] [[ru:Wikitravel]] [[sv:Wikitravel]] [[zh:Wikitravel]] 7933 2006-04-01T14:10:26Z Bombo 12 {{lingála tɛ́}} [[Image:wikitravel.png|right|noframe]] '''Wikitravel''' is a project to create an [[open content]], complete, up-to-date, and reliable world-wide [[guide ya mobembo]]. Ata ezali kosalela modeli ya [[Wiki]] pona kokela guide yango, mpe lakisa yango o mokili mobimna na internet to mpe[[World Wide Web]] ([[www]]), projet oyo ezali mpe na suka-suka ya ko bima na ndéngé ya buku ya kalité. Wikitravel etongami na lisalisi ya batámbɔli-mokili ya Wiki, to mpe ''Wikitravellers'' o mokili mobimba. Wikitravel ebandemaki na Yuli ya [[2003]], na makanisi moko-moko mpenza na [[Wikipedia]]. Projet oyo ezali kosalela [[MediaWiki]], oyo esalemi mpe pona Wikipedia. Kasi, Wikitravel ezali projet ya [[Wikimedia]] te, mpe ekeséni na Wikipedia mpo esáléli lisensia ya [[Creative Commons]] [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/1.0/ Attribution ShareAlike license] na esika ya kosalela lisensia ya makɛmi-polélé to mpe [[GNU Free Documentation License]]. Okáti o bisaleli mingi, lisensia ya '''Creative Commons''' epesi nzela pona kobimisa mankasa ya basaleli Wiki na mikakatano moke koleka. Note that although both Wikipedia and Wikitravel are [[free content]] resources, because of the incompatible licenses content can not be easily copied between them. Wikitravel esalemi na nkotá mingi. Ekútánémi na nkóta motpba (6). Pona kotala: *[[Lingɛlɛ́sa]] [http://wikitravel.org/en/article/Main_Page Wikitravel] *[[Liromani]] [http://wikitravel.org/ro/Portal] *[[Lifalansé]] [http://wikitravel.org/fr/Accueil] *[[Lialemani]] [http://wikitravel.org/de/Hauptseite] *[[Liswede]] [http://wikitravel.org/sv/Huvudsida] *[[Lijaponi]] [http://wikitravel.org/ja/] ==Tala mpe== *[[World66]] ==Mankásá-web olibanda wikipedia== *[http://wikitravel.org/en/Main_Page Wikitravel Homepage] {{lingála tɛ́}} [[Category:Mankásá-web]] [[Category:Turismɛ]] [[Category:masangá wiki]] [[da:Wikitravel]] [[de:Wikitravel]] [[en:Wikitravel]] [[es:Wikitravel]] [[fi:Wikitravel]] [[fr:Wikitravel]] [[hu:Wikitravel]] [[id:Wikitravel]] [[it:Wikitravel]] [[ja:ウィキトラベル]] [[nl:Wikitravel]] [[pl:Wikitravel]] [[pt:Wikitravel]] [[ro:Wikitravel]] [[ru:Wikitravel]] [[sv:Wikitravel]] [[zh:Wikitravel]] 8008 2006-04-15T20:33:10Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: vi [[Image:wikitravel.png|right|noframe]] '''Wikitravel''' is a project to create an [[open content]], complete, up-to-date, and reliable world-wide [[guide ya mobembo]]. Ata ezali kosalela modeli ya [[Wiki]] pona kokela guide yango, mpe lakisa yango o mokili mobimna na internet to mpe[[World Wide Web]] ([[www]]), projet oyo ezali mpe na suka-suka ya ko bima na ndéngé ya buku ya kalité. Wikitravel etongami na lisalisi ya batámbɔli-mokili ya Wiki, to mpe ''Wikitravellers'' o mokili mobimba. Wikitravel ebandemaki na Yuli ya [[2003]], na makanisi moko-moko mpenza na [[Wikipedia]]. Projet oyo ezali kosalela [[MediaWiki]], oyo esalemi mpe pona Wikipedia. Kasi, Wikitravel ezali projet ya [[Wikimedia]] te, mpe ekeséni na Wikipedia mpo esáléli lisensia ya [[Creative Commons]] [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/1.0/ Attribution ShareAlike license] na esika ya kosalela lisensia ya makɛmi-polélé to mpe [[GNU Free Documentation License]]. Okáti o bisaleli mingi, lisensia ya '''Creative Commons''' epesi nzela pona kobimisa mankasa ya basaleli Wiki na mikakatano moke koleka. Note that although both Wikipedia and Wikitravel are [[free content]] resources, because of the incompatible licenses content can not be easily copied between them. Wikitravel esalemi na nkotá mingi. Ekútánémi na nkóta motpba (6). Pona kotala: *[[Lingɛlɛ́sa]] [http://wikitravel.org/en/article/Main_Page Wikitravel] *[[Liromani]] [http://wikitravel.org/ro/Portal] *[[Lifalansé]] [http://wikitravel.org/fr/Accueil] *[[Lialemani]] [http://wikitravel.org/de/Hauptseite] *[[Liswede]] [http://wikitravel.org/sv/Huvudsida] *[[Lijaponi]] [http://wikitravel.org/ja/] ==Tala mpe== *[[World66]] ==Mankásá-web olibanda wikipedia== *[http://wikitravel.org/en/Main_Page Wikitravel Homepage] {{lingála tɛ́}} [[Category:Mankásá-web]] [[Category:Turismɛ]] [[Category:masangá wiki]] [[da:Wikitravel]] [[de:Wikitravel]] [[en:Wikitravel]] [[es:Wikitravel]] [[fi:Wikitravel]] [[fr:Wikitravel]] [[hu:Wikitravel]] [[id:Wikitravel]] [[it:Wikitravel]] [[ja:ウィキトラベル]] [[nl:Wikitravel]] [[pl:Wikitravel]] [[pt:Wikitravel]] [[ro:Wikitravel]] [[ru:Wikitravel]] [[sv:Wikitravel]] [[vi:Wikitravel]] [[zh:Wikitravel]] 9057 2006-08-02T06:31:41Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: [[lt:Vikikelionės]], [[oc:Wikitravel]] [[Image:wikitravel.png|right|noframe]] '''Wikitravel''' is a project to create an [[open content]], complete, up-to-date, and reliable world-wide [[guide ya mobembo]]. Ata ezali kosalela modeli ya [[Wiki]] pona kokela guide yango, mpe lakisa yango o mokili mobimna na internet to mpe[[World Wide Web]] ([[www]]), projet oyo ezali mpe na suka-suka ya ko bima na ndéngé ya buku ya kalité. Wikitravel etongami na lisalisi ya batámbɔli-mokili ya Wiki, to mpe ''Wikitravellers'' o mokili mobimba. Wikitravel ebandemaki na Yuli ya [[2003]], na makanisi moko-moko mpenza na [[Wikipedia]]. Projet oyo ezali kosalela [[MediaWiki]], oyo esalemi mpe pona Wikipedia. Kasi, Wikitravel ezali projet ya [[Wikimedia]] te, mpe ekeséni na Wikipedia mpo esáléli lisensia ya [[Creative Commons]] [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/1.0/ Attribution ShareAlike license] na esika ya kosalela lisensia ya makɛmi-polélé to mpe [[GNU Free Documentation License]]. Okáti o bisaleli mingi, lisensia ya '''Creative Commons''' epesi nzela pona kobimisa mankasa ya basaleli Wiki na mikakatano moke koleka. Note that although both Wikipedia and Wikitravel are [[free content]] resources, because of the incompatible licenses content can not be easily copied between them. Wikitravel esalemi na nkotá mingi. Ekútánémi na nkóta motpba (6). Pona kotala: *[[Lingɛlɛ́sa]] [http://wikitravel.org/en/article/Main_Page Wikitravel] *[[Liromani]] [http://wikitravel.org/ro/Portal] *[[Lifalansé]] [http://wikitravel.org/fr/Accueil] *[[Lialemani]] [http://wikitravel.org/de/Hauptseite] *[[Liswede]] [http://wikitravel.org/sv/Huvudsida] *[[Lijaponi]] [http://wikitravel.org/ja/] ==Tala mpe== *[[World66]] ==Mankásá-web olibanda wikipedia== *[http://wikitravel.org/en/Main_Page Wikitravel Homepage] {{lingála tɛ́}} [[Category:Mankásá-web]] [[Category:Turismɛ]] [[Category:masangá wiki]] [[da:Wikitravel]] [[de:Wikitravel]] [[en:Wikitravel]] [[es:Wikitravel]] [[fi:Wikitravel]] [[fr:Wikitravel]] [[hu:Wikitravel]] [[id:Wikitravel]] [[it:Wikitravel]] [[ja:ウィキトラベル]] [[lt:Vikikelionės]] [[nl:Wikitravel]] [[oc:Wikitravel]] [[pl:Wikitravel]] [[pt:Wikitravel]] [[ro:Wikitravel]] [[ru:Wikitravel]] [[sv:Wikitravel]] [[vi:Wikitravel]] [[zh:Wikitravel]] Template:Er 1661 5546 2005-07-23T22:24:30Z 199.8.238.219 <small><sup>er</sup></small> Template:Interwiki 1662 5563 2005-07-23T23:59:33Z 199.8.238.219 {{wikilien| image=wiki.png |texte=[[Wikipedia]] na '''[[:{{{1}}}:|{{{2}}}]]'''. |couleur_fond=f9f9f9 }}<!--* '''[[:{{{1}}}:|Wikipedia na {{{2}}}]]''' --> 6664 2005-11-05T04:11:26Z Blockinblox 38 Modèle:Interwiki moved to Template:Interwiki {{wikilien| image=wiki.png |texte=[[Wikipedia]] na '''[[:{{{1}}}:|{{{2}}}]]'''. |couleur_fond=f9f9f9 }}<!--* '''[[:{{{1}}}:|Wikipedia na {{{2}}}]]''' --> Template:InterWiki 1663 5564 2005-07-24T00:05:24Z Themalau 22 <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f9; width: 250px; padding: 4px; spacing: 0px; text-align: left; float: right;"> <div style="float: left;">[[Image:Wikipedia-logo.png|50px|none|Wikipedia]]</div> <div style="margin-left: 70px;">'''''[[:{{{code}}}:|mankasa o lokótá {{PAGENAME}}]]''''' ya [[Wikipedia]]</div> </div> <!-- This text is to test the margin idughi oeuodri aeirjgo a e irgjngid ughioeuo driaeirj g oaeirgjngi dugh ioeuo driaeir jgoaei rgjngi dughioeuo dria eirjgoae irgjngi dugh ioeuodr iaeirjgoaei rgjn gidughi oeuodr iaeirj goaeir gjngidu ghi oeu odriaei rjgoae irgjngidugh ioeuodria e i rjgoae irgj ngidughi o euodr iaei rjgo aeirgjngi du g hioe uod riaeirjgoaeirgjng idughioeuod riae irj goa eirgjng idughi oeu odri a eirjgo aeir gjngidugh ioeuodriaei rjgoaeirgjngidugh ioeuodriaeirjgoaeirgjngidu ghioeuodriaeirjgoa eirgjngidug hioeuo driaeirjgoaeirgjngidu ghioeuodriaeirjgoaeirgjn gidughioeuodriaeir jgoaeirgjng --> Lialémani 1664 5568 2005-07-24T00:41:56Z Themalau 22 '''Kialemani''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Alémani]]. Elobamí o na eténi ya [[Bɛ́lɛjika]], [[Swisi]], [[Otrishi]] na fimwa bato na [[Afríka]] ([[Namibia]], [[Kamerun]], na [[Togo]]). [[Category:Lokótá]] [[als:Deutsche Sprache]] [[de:Deutsche Sprache]] 5569 2005-07-24T00:42:48Z Themalau 22 '''Kialemani''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Alémani]]. Elobamí o na eténi ya [[Bɛ́lɛjika]], [[Swisi]], [[Otrishi]] na fimwa bato na [[Afríka]] ([[Namibia]], [[Kamerun]], na [[Togo]]). [[Category:Lokótá]] [[als:Deutsche Sprache]] [[de:Deutsche Sprache]] {{InterWiki|code=de}} 5677 2005-07-25T01:38:09Z Themalau 22 '''Kialemani''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Alémani]]. Elobamí o na eténi ya [[Bɛ́lɛjika]], [[Swisi]], [[Otrishi]] na fimwa bato na [[Afríka]] ([[Namibia]], [[Kamerun]], na [[Togo]]). [[Category:Lokótá]] [[als:Deutsche Sprache]] [[de:Deutsche Sprache]] [[en:German language|German]] [[fr:Francais]] {{InterWiki|code=de}} 5866 2005-07-31T08:42:58Z Moyogo 11 Kialemani moved to Lialemani '''Kialemani''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Alémani]]. Elobamí o na eténi ya [[Bɛ́lɛjika]], [[Swisi]], [[Otrishi]] na fimwa bato na [[Afríka]] ([[Namibia]], [[Kamerun]], na [[Togo]]). [[Category:Lokótá]] [[als:Deutsche Sprache]] [[de:Deutsche Sprache]] [[en:German language|German]] [[fr:Francais]] {{InterWiki|code=de}} 6103 2005-09-05T09:25:08Z 160.85.2.50 '''Kialemani''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Alémani]]. Elobamí o na eténi ya [[Bɛ́lɛjika]], [[Swisi]], [[Otrishi]] na fimwa bato na [[Afríka]] ([[Namibia]], [[Kamerun]], na [[Togo]]). [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[als:Deutsche Sprache]] [[de:Deutsche Sprache]] [[en:German language|German]] [[fr:Francais]] {{InterWiki|code=de}} 6387 2005-09-28T17:02:17Z Jvano 33 interwiki '''Kialemani''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Alémani]]. Elobamí o na eténi ya [[Bɛ́lɛjika]], [[Swisi]], [[Otrishi]] na fimwa bato na [[Afríka]] ([[Namibia]], [[Kamerun]], na [[Togo]]). [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] {{InterWiki|code=de}} [[af:Duits (taal)]] [[als:Deutsche Sprache]] [[ang:Þéodisc sprǽc]] [[ar:ألمانية (لغة)]] [[ast:Alemán]] [[br:Alamaneg]] [[ca:Alemany]] [[cy:Almaeneg]] [[da:Tysk (sprog)]] [[de:Deutsche Sprache]] [[el:Γερμανική γλώσσα]] [[en:German language]] [[eo:Germana lingvo]] [[es:Idioma alemán]] [[et:Saksa keel]] [[fi:Saksan kieli]] [[fo:Týskt mál]] [[fr:Allemand]] [[ga:Gearmáinis]] [[he:גרמנית]] [[hu:Német nyelv]] [[id:Bahasa Jerman]] [[is:Þýska]] [[it:Lingua tedesca]] [[ja:ドイツ語]] [[ko:독일어]] [[kw:Almaynek]] [[la:Lingua Theodisca]] [[lb:Däitsch]] [[li:Duits]] [[lt:Vokiečių kalba]] [[ms:Bahasa Jerman]] [[nds:Düütsche Spraak]] [[nl:Duits]] [[nn:Tysk språk]] [[no:Tysk språk]] [[pl:Język niemiecki]] [[pt:Língua alemã]] [[rm:Lingua tudestga]] [[ro:Limba germană]] [[ru:Немецкий язык]] [[se:Duiskkagiella]] [[simple:German language]] [[sl:Nemščina]] [[sv:Tyska]] [[th:ภาษาเยอรมัน]] [[tl:Wikang Aleman]] [[tr:Almanca]] [[tt:Alman tele]] [[vi:Tiếng Đức]] [[zh:德语]] 6570 2005-10-27T09:31:42Z Bombo 12 '''Lialemani''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Alémani]]. Elobamí o na eténi ya [[Bɛ́lɛjika]], [[Swisi]], [[Otrishi]] na fimwa bato na [[Afríka]] ([[Namibia]], [[Kamerun]], na [[Togo]]). [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] {{InterWiki|code=de}} [[af:Duits (taal)]] [[als:Deutsche Sprache]] [[ang:Þéodisc sprǽc]] [[ar:ألمانية (لغة)]] [[ast:Alemán]] [[br:Alamaneg]] [[ca:Alemany]] [[cy:Almaeneg]] [[da:Tysk (sprog)]] [[de:Deutsche Sprache]] [[el:Γερμανική γλώσσα]] [[en:German language]] [[eo:Germana lingvo]] [[es:Idioma alemán]] [[et:Saksa keel]] [[fi:Saksan kieli]] [[fo:Týskt mál]] [[fr:Allemand]] [[ga:Gearmáinis]] [[he:גרמנית]] [[hu:Német nyelv]] [[id:Bahasa Jerman]] [[is:Þýska]] [[it:Lingua tedesca]] [[ja:ドイツ語]] [[ko:독일어]] [[kw:Almaynek]] [[la:Lingua Theodisca]] [[lb:Däitsch]] [[li:Duits]] [[lt:Vokiečių kalba]] [[ms:Bahasa Jerman]] [[nds:Düütsche Spraak]] [[nl:Duits]] [[nn:Tysk språk]] [[no:Tysk språk]] [[pl:Język niemiecki]] [[pt:Língua alemã]] [[rm:Lingua tudestga]] [[ro:Limba germană]] [[ru:Немецкий язык]] [[se:Duiskkagiella]] [[simple:German language]] [[sl:Nemščina]] [[sv:Tyska]] [[th:ภาษาเยอรมัน]] [[tl:Wikang Aleman]] [[tr:Almanca]] [[tt:Alman tele]] [[vi:Tiếng Đức]] [[zh:德语]] 7138 2005-12-03T22:29:16Z Moyogo 11 [[Lialemani]] moved to [[Lialémani]] '''Lialemani''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Alémani]]. Elobamí o na eténi ya [[Bɛ́lɛjika]], [[Swisi]], [[Otrishi]] na fimwa bato na [[Afríka]] ([[Namibia]], [[Kamerun]], na [[Togo]]). [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] {{InterWiki|code=de}} [[af:Duits (taal)]] [[als:Deutsche Sprache]] [[ang:Þéodisc sprǽc]] [[ar:ألمانية (لغة)]] [[ast:Alemán]] [[br:Alamaneg]] [[ca:Alemany]] [[cy:Almaeneg]] [[da:Tysk (sprog)]] [[de:Deutsche Sprache]] [[el:Γερμανική γλώσσα]] [[en:German language]] [[eo:Germana lingvo]] [[es:Idioma alemán]] [[et:Saksa keel]] [[fi:Saksan kieli]] [[fo:Týskt mál]] [[fr:Allemand]] [[ga:Gearmáinis]] [[he:גרמנית]] [[hu:Német nyelv]] [[id:Bahasa Jerman]] [[is:Þýska]] [[it:Lingua tedesca]] [[ja:ドイツ語]] [[ko:독일어]] [[kw:Almaynek]] [[la:Lingua Theodisca]] [[lb:Däitsch]] [[li:Duits]] [[lt:Vokiečių kalba]] [[ms:Bahasa Jerman]] [[nds:Düütsche Spraak]] [[nl:Duits]] [[nn:Tysk språk]] [[no:Tysk språk]] [[pl:Język niemiecki]] [[pt:Língua alemã]] [[rm:Lingua tudestga]] [[ro:Limba germană]] [[ru:Немецкий язык]] [[se:Duiskkagiella]] [[simple:German language]] [[sl:Nemščina]] [[sv:Tyska]] [[th:ภาษาเยอรมัน]] [[tl:Wikang Aleman]] [[tr:Almanca]] [[tt:Alman tele]] [[vi:Tiếng Đức]] [[zh:德语]] 7337 2005-12-13T13:26:52Z 160.85.2.50 '''Lialemani''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Alémani]]. Elobamí o na eténi ya [[Bɛ́lɛjika]], [[Swisi]], [[Otrishi]] na fimwa bato na [[Afríka]] ([[Namibia]], [[Kamerun]], na [[Togo]]). [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:Nkotá ya mokili]] {{InterWiki|code=de}} [[af:Duits (taal)]] [[als:Deutsche Sprache]] [[ang:Þéodisc sprǽc]] [[ar:ألمانية (لغة)]] [[ast:Alemán]] [[br:Alamaneg]] [[ca:Alemany]] [[cy:Almaeneg]] [[da:Tysk (sprog)]] [[de:Deutsche Sprache]] [[el:Γερμανική γλώσσα]] [[en:German language]] [[eo:Germana lingvo]] [[es:Idioma alemán]] [[et:Saksa keel]] [[fi:Saksan kieli]] [[fo:Týskt mál]] [[fr:Allemand]] [[ga:Gearmáinis]] [[he:גרמנית]] [[hu:Német nyelv]] [[id:Bahasa Jerman]] [[is:Þýska]] [[it:Lingua tedesca]] [[ja:ドイツ語]] [[ko:독일어]] [[kw:Almaynek]] [[la:Lingua Theodisca]] [[lb:Däitsch]] [[li:Duits]] [[lt:Vokiečių kalba]] [[ms:Bahasa Jerman]] [[nds:Düütsche Spraak]] [[nl:Duits]] [[nn:Tysk språk]] [[no:Tysk språk]] [[pl:Język niemiecki]] [[pt:Língua alemã]] [[rm:Lingua tudestga]] [[ro:Limba germană]] [[ru:Немецкий язык]] [[se:Duiskkagiella]] [[simple:German language]] [[sl:Nemščina]] [[sv:Tyska]] [[th:ภาษาเยอรมัน]] [[tl:Wikang Aleman]] [[tr:Almanca]] [[tt:Alman tele]] [[vi:Tiếng Đức]] [[zh:德语]] 7883 2006-03-28T03:33:58Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: be, bs, cs, cv, eu, fa, gl, hi, hr, ia, ilo, io, lv, mk, oc, scn, sk, sq, sr Modifie: ang, ar '''Lialemani''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Alémani]]. Elobamí o na eténi ya [[Bɛ́lɛjika]], [[Swisi]], [[Otrishi]] na fimwa bato na [[Afríka]] ([[Namibia]], [[Kamerun]], na [[Togo]]). [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:Nkotá ya mokili]] {{InterWiki|code=de}} [[af:Duits (taal)]] [[als:Deutsche Sprache]] [[ang:Þēodisc sprǣc]] [[ar:لغة ألمانية]] [[ast:Alemán]] [[be:Нямецкая мова]] [[br:Alamaneg]] [[bs:Njemački jezik]] [[ca:Alemany]] [[cs:Němčina]] [[cv:Нимĕç чĕлхи]] [[cy:Almaeneg]] [[da:Tysk (sprog)]] [[de:Deutsche Sprache]] [[el:Γερμανική γλώσσα]] [[en:German language]] [[eo:Germana lingvo]] [[es:Idioma alemán]] [[et:Saksa keel]] [[eu:Alemaniera]] [[fa:زبان آلمانی]] [[fi:Saksan kieli]] [[fo:Týskt mál]] [[fr:Allemand]] [[ga:Gearmáinis]] [[gl:Lingua alemá]] [[he:גרמנית]] [[hi:जर्मन भाषा]] [[hr:Njemački jezik]] [[hu:Német nyelv]] [[ia:Lingua german]] [[id:Bahasa Jerman]] [[ilo:Pagsasao nga Aleman]] [[io:Germaniana linguo]] [[is:Þýska]] [[it:Lingua tedesca]] [[ja:ドイツ語]] [[ko:독일어]] [[kw:Almaynek]] [[la:Lingua Theodisca]] [[lb:Däitsch]] [[li:Duits]] [[lt:Vokiečių kalba]] [[lv:Vācu valoda]] [[mk:Германски јазик]] [[ms:Bahasa Jerman]] [[nds:Düütsche Spraak]] [[nl:Duits]] [[nn:Tysk språk]] [[no:Tysk språk]] [[oc:Alemand]] [[pl:Język niemiecki]] [[pt:Língua alemã]] [[rm:Lingua tudestga]] [[ro:Limba germană]] [[ru:Немецкий язык]] [[scn:Lingua tudisca]] [[se:Duiskkagiella]] [[simple:German language]] [[sk:Nemčina]] [[sl:Nemščina]] [[sq:Gjuha Gjermanishte]] [[sr:Немачки језик]] [[sv:Tyska]] [[th:ภาษาเยอรมัน]] [[tl:Wikang Aleman]] [[tr:Almanca]] [[tt:Alman tele]] [[vi:Tiếng Đức]] [[zh:德语]] 7964 2006-04-05T04:47:33Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: pdc '''Lialemani''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Alémani]]. Elobamí o na eténi ya [[Bɛ́lɛjika]], [[Swisi]], [[Otrishi]] na fimwa bato na [[Afríka]] ([[Namibia]], [[Kamerun]], na [[Togo]]). [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:Nkotá ya mokili]] {{InterWiki|code=de}} [[af:Duits (taal)]] [[als:Deutsche Sprache]] [[ang:Þēodisc sprǣc]] [[ar:لغة ألمانية]] [[ast:Alemán]] [[be:Нямецкая мова]] [[br:Alamaneg]] [[bs:Njemački jezik]] [[ca:Alemany]] [[cs:Němčina]] [[cv:Нимĕç чĕлхи]] [[cy:Almaeneg]] [[da:Tysk (sprog)]] [[de:Deutsche Sprache]] [[el:Γερμανική γλώσσα]] [[en:German language]] [[eo:Germana lingvo]] [[es:Idioma alemán]] [[et:Saksa keel]] [[eu:Alemaniera]] [[fa:زبان آلمانی]] [[fi:Saksan kieli]] [[fo:Týskt mál]] [[fr:Allemand]] [[ga:Gearmáinis]] [[gl:Lingua alemá]] [[he:גרמנית]] [[hi:जर्मन भाषा]] [[hr:Njemački jezik]] [[hu:Német nyelv]] [[ia:Lingua german]] [[id:Bahasa Jerman]] [[ilo:Pagsasao nga Aleman]] [[io:Germaniana linguo]] [[is:Þýska]] [[it:Lingua tedesca]] [[ja:ドイツ語]] [[ko:독일어]] [[kw:Almaynek]] [[la:Lingua Theodisca]] [[lb:Däitsch]] [[li:Duits]] [[lt:Vokiečių kalba]] [[lv:Vācu valoda]] [[mk:Германски јазик]] [[ms:Bahasa Jerman]] [[nds:Düütsche Spraak]] [[nl:Duits]] [[nn:Tysk språk]] [[no:Tysk språk]] [[oc:Alemand]] [[pdc:Modern Hochdeitsch]] [[pl:Język niemiecki]] [[pt:Língua alemã]] [[rm:Lingua tudestga]] [[ro:Limba germană]] [[ru:Немецкий язык]] [[scn:Lingua tudisca]] [[se:Duiskkagiella]] [[simple:German language]] [[sk:Nemčina]] [[sl:Nemščina]] [[sq:Gjuha Gjermanishte]] [[sr:Немачки језик]] [[sv:Tyska]] [[th:ภาษาเยอรมัน]] [[tl:Wikang Aleman]] [[tr:Almanca]] [[tt:Alman tele]] [[vi:Tiếng Đức]] [[zh:德语]] 8024 2006-04-16T20:17:09Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: nds-nl '''Lialemani''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Alémani]]. Elobamí o na eténi ya [[Bɛ́lɛjika]], [[Swisi]], [[Otrishi]] na fimwa bato na [[Afríka]] ([[Namibia]], [[Kamerun]], na [[Togo]]). [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:Nkotá ya mokili]] {{InterWiki|code=de}} [[af:Duits (taal)]] [[als:Deutsche Sprache]] [[ang:Þēodisc sprǣc]] [[ar:لغة ألمانية]] [[ast:Alemán]] [[be:Нямецкая мова]] [[br:Alamaneg]] [[bs:Njemački jezik]] [[ca:Alemany]] [[cs:Němčina]] [[cv:Нимĕç чĕлхи]] [[cy:Almaeneg]] [[da:Tysk (sprog)]] [[de:Deutsche Sprache]] [[el:Γερμανική γλώσσα]] [[en:German language]] [[eo:Germana lingvo]] [[es:Idioma alemán]] [[et:Saksa keel]] [[eu:Alemaniera]] [[fa:زبان آلمانی]] [[fi:Saksan kieli]] [[fo:Týskt mál]] [[fr:Allemand]] [[ga:Gearmáinis]] [[gl:Lingua alemá]] [[he:גרמנית]] [[hi:जर्मन भाषा]] [[hr:Njemački jezik]] [[hu:Német nyelv]] [[ia:Lingua german]] [[id:Bahasa Jerman]] [[ilo:Pagsasao nga Aleman]] [[io:Germaniana linguo]] [[is:Þýska]] [[it:Lingua tedesca]] [[ja:ドイツ語]] [[ko:독일어]] [[kw:Almaynek]] [[la:Lingua Theodisca]] [[lb:Däitsch]] [[li:Duits]] [[lt:Vokiečių kalba]] [[lv:Vācu valoda]] [[mk:Германски јазик]] [[ms:Bahasa Jerman]] [[nds:Düütsche Spraak]] [[nds-nl:Duuts]] [[nl:Duits]] [[nn:Tysk språk]] [[no:Tysk språk]] [[oc:Alemand]] [[pdc:Modern Hochdeitsch]] [[pl:Język niemiecki]] [[pt:Língua alemã]] [[rm:Lingua tudestga]] [[ro:Limba germană]] [[ru:Немецкий язык]] [[scn:Lingua tudisca]] [[se:Duiskkagiella]] [[simple:German language]] [[sk:Nemčina]] [[sl:Nemščina]] [[sq:Gjuha Gjermanishte]] [[sr:Немачки језик]] [[sv:Tyska]] [[th:ภาษาเยอรมัน]] [[tl:Wikang Aleman]] [[tr:Almanca]] [[tt:Alman tele]] [[vi:Tiếng Đức]] [[zh:德语]] 8103 2006-05-06T19:21:07Z Robbot 14 robot Ajoute: [[fur:Lenghe todescje]], [[gd:Gearmailtis]], [[hy:Գերմաներեն]] '''Lialemani''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Alémani]]. Elobamí o na eténi ya [[Bɛ́lɛjika]], [[Swisi]], [[Otrishi]] na fimwa bato na [[Afríka]] ([[Namibia]], [[Kamerun]], na [[Togo]]). [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:Nkotá ya mokili]] {{InterWiki|code=de}} [[af:Duits (taal)]] [[als:Deutsche Sprache]] [[ang:Þēodisc sprǣc]] [[ar:لغة ألمانية]] [[ast:Alemán]] [[be:Нямецкая мова]] [[br:Alamaneg]] [[bs:Njemački jezik]] [[ca:Alemany]] [[cs:Němčina]] [[cv:Нимĕç чĕлхи]] [[cy:Almaeneg]] [[da:Tysk (sprog)]] [[de:Deutsche Sprache]] [[el:Γερμανική γλώσσα]] [[en:German language]] [[eo:Germana lingvo]] [[es:Idioma alemán]] [[et:Saksa keel]] [[eu:Alemaniera]] [[fa:زبان آلمانی]] [[fi:Saksan kieli]] [[fo:Týskt mál]] [[fr:Allemand]] [[fur:Lenghe todescje]] [[ga:Gearmáinis]] [[gd:Gearmailtis]] [[gl:Lingua alemá]] [[he:גרמנית]] [[hi:जर्मन भाषा]] [[hr:Njemački jezik]] [[hu:Német nyelv]] [[hy:Գերմաներեն]] [[ia:Lingua german]] [[id:Bahasa Jerman]] [[ilo:Pagsasao nga Aleman]] [[io:Germaniana linguo]] [[is:Þýska]] [[it:Lingua tedesca]] [[ja:ドイツ語]] [[ko:독일어]] [[kw:Almaynek]] [[la:Lingua Theodisca]] [[lb:Däitsch]] [[li:Duits]] [[lt:Vokiečių kalba]] [[lv:Vācu valoda]] [[mk:Германски јазик]] [[ms:Bahasa Jerman]] [[nds:Düütsche Spraak]] [[nds-nl:Duuts]] [[nl:Duits]] [[nn:Tysk språk]] [[no:Tysk språk]] [[oc:Alemand]] [[pdc:Modern Hochdeitsch]] [[pl:Język niemiecki]] [[pt:Língua alemã]] [[rm:Lingua tudestga]] [[ro:Limba germană]] [[ru:Немецкий язык]] [[scn:Lingua tudisca]] [[se:Duiskkagiella]] [[simple:German language]] [[sk:Nemčina]] [[sl:Nemščina]] [[sq:Gjuha Gjermanishte]] [[sr:Немачки језик]] [[sv:Tyska]] [[th:ภาษาเยอรมัน]] [[tl:Wikang Aleman]] [[tr:Almanca]] [[tt:Alman tele]] [[vi:Tiếng Đức]] [[zh:德语]] 8303 2006-05-29T20:24:36Z Superzerocool 62 robot Modifie: sq '''Lialemani''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Alémani]]. Elobamí o na eténi ya [[Bɛ́lɛjika]], [[Swisi]], [[Otrishi]] na fimwa bato na [[Afríka]] ([[Namibia]], [[Kamerun]], na [[Togo]]). [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:Nkotá ya mokili]] {{InterWiki|code=de}} [[af:Duits (taal)]] [[als:Deutsche Sprache]] [[ang:Þēodisc sprǣc]] [[ar:لغة ألمانية]] [[ast:Alemán]] [[be:Нямецкая мова]] [[br:Alamaneg]] [[bs:Njemački jezik]] [[ca:Alemany]] [[cs:Němčina]] [[cv:Нимĕç чĕлхи]] [[cy:Almaeneg]] [[da:Tysk (sprog)]] [[de:Deutsche Sprache]] [[el:Γερμανική γλώσσα]] [[en:German language]] [[eo:Germana lingvo]] [[es:Idioma alemán]] [[et:Saksa keel]] [[eu:Alemaniera]] [[fa:زبان آلمانی]] [[fi:Saksan kieli]] [[fo:Týskt mál]] [[fr:Allemand]] [[fur:Lenghe todescje]] [[ga:Gearmáinis]] [[gd:Gearmailtis]] [[gl:Lingua alemá]] [[he:גרמנית]] [[hi:जर्मन भाषा]] [[hr:Njemački jezik]] [[hu:Német nyelv]] [[hy:Գերմաներեն]] [[ia:Lingua german]] [[id:Bahasa Jerman]] [[ilo:Pagsasao nga Aleman]] [[io:Germaniana linguo]] [[is:Þýska]] [[it:Lingua tedesca]] [[ja:ドイツ語]] [[ko:독일어]] [[kw:Almaynek]] [[la:Lingua Theodisca]] [[lb:Däitsch]] [[li:Duits]] [[lt:Vokiečių kalba]] [[lv:Vācu valoda]] [[mk:Германски јазик]] [[ms:Bahasa Jerman]] [[nds:Düütsche Spraak]] [[nds-nl:Duuts]] [[nl:Duits]] [[nn:Tysk språk]] [[no:Tysk språk]] [[oc:Alemand]] [[pdc:Modern Hochdeitsch]] [[pl:Język niemiecki]] [[pt:Língua alemã]] [[rm:Lingua tudestga]] [[ro:Limba germană]] [[ru:Немецкий язык]] [[scn:Lingua tudisca]] [[se:Duiskkagiella]] [[simple:German language]] [[sk:Nemčina]] [[sl:Nemščina]] [[sq:Gjuha Gjermane]] [[sr:Немачки језик]] [[sv:Tyska]] [[th:ภาษาเยอรมัน]] [[tl:Wikang Aleman]] [[tr:Almanca]] [[tt:Alman tele]] [[vi:Tiếng Đức]] [[zh:德语]] 8962 2006-07-25T03:47:23Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: jbo, sh, ug, zh-min-nan '''Lialemani''' ezali [[lokótá]] na bato ya [[Alémani]]. Elobamí o na eténi ya [[Bɛ́lɛjika]], [[Swisi]], [[Otrishi]] na fimwa bato na [[Afríka]] ([[Namibia]], [[Kamerun]], na [[Togo]]). [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:Nkotá ya mokili]] {{InterWiki|code=de}} [[af:Duits (taal)]] [[als:Deutsche Sprache]] [[ang:Þēodisc sprǣc]] [[ar:لغة ألمانية]] [[ast:Alemán]] [[be:Нямецкая мова]] [[br:Alamaneg]] [[bs:Njemački jezik]] [[ca:Alemany]] [[cs:Němčina]] [[cv:Нимĕç чĕлхи]] [[cy:Almaeneg]] [[da:Tysk (sprog)]] [[de:Deutsche Sprache]] [[el:Γερμανική γλώσσα]] [[en:German language]] [[eo:Germana lingvo]] [[es:Idioma alemán]] [[et:Saksa keel]] [[eu:Alemaniera]] [[fa:زبان آلمانی]] [[fi:Saksan kieli]] [[fo:Týskt mál]] [[fr:Allemand]] [[fur:Lenghe todescje]] [[ga:Gearmáinis]] [[gd:Gearmailtis]] [[gl:Lingua alemá]] [[he:גרמנית]] [[hi:जर्मन भाषा]] [[hr:Njemački jezik]] [[hu:Német nyelv]] [[hy:Գերմաներեն]] [[ia:Lingua german]] [[id:Bahasa Jerman]] [[ilo:Pagsasao nga Aleman]] [[io:Germaniana linguo]] [[is:Þýska]] [[it:Lingua tedesca]] [[ja:ドイツ語]] [[jbo:dotybau]] [[ko:독일어]] [[kw:Almaynek]] [[la:Lingua Theodisca]] [[lb:Däitsch]] [[li:Duits]] [[lt:Vokiečių kalba]] [[lv:Vācu valoda]] [[mk:Германски јазик]] [[ms:Bahasa Jerman]] [[nds:Düütsche Spraak]] [[nds-nl:Duuts]] [[nl:Duits]] [[nn:Tysk språk]] [[no:Tysk språk]] [[oc:Alemand]] [[pdc:Modern Hochdeitsch]] [[pl:Język niemiecki]] [[pt:Língua alemã]] [[rm:Lingua tudestga]] [[ro:Limba germană]] [[ru:Немецкий язык]] [[scn:Lingua tudisca]] [[se:Duiskkagiella]] [[sh:Nemački jezik]] [[simple:German language]] [[sk:Nemčina]] [[sl:Nemščina]] [[sq:Gjuha Gjermane]] [[sr:Немачки језик]] [[sv:Tyska]] [[th:ภาษาเยอรมัน]] [[tl:Wikang Aleman]] [[tr:Almanca]] [[tt:Alman tele]] [[ug:نېمىس تىلى]] [[vi:Tiếng Đức]] [[zh:德语]] [[zh-min-nan:Tek-gí]] Molongo ya ba almwali ya bisé ya mokili 1666 5573 2005-07-24T00:59:50Z Themalau 22 {{Nationalflags}} __NOTOC__ {{compactTOC2}} ==A== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Afghanistan]] || [[Image:COA Afghanistan.png|120px]] |- | [[Albania]] || [[Image:Albania_state_emblem.png|120px|center]] |- | [[Algeria]] || [[Image:Algeria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Andorra]] || [[Image:Andorra_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Angola]] || [[Image:Coaofangola.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Antigua and Barbuda]] || [[Image:Antigua_and_barbuda_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Argentina]] || [[Image:Argentina_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Armenia]] || [[Image:Armenia-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Australia]] || [[Image:Aust Coat of Arms (large).jpg|120px]] |- | [[Austria]] || [[Image:Austria coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Azerbaijan]] || [[Image:Azerbaijan coa.png|120px|]] |- |} ==B== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Bahamas]] || [[Image:Bahamas_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bahrain]] || [[Image:Coa_bahrain_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Bangladesh]] || [[Image:Bangladesh_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Barbados]] || [[Image:Barbados_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Belarus]] || [[Image:Belarus_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Belgium]] || [[Image:Belgium_coat_of_arms_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Belize]] || [[Image:Belize_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Benin]] || [[Image:Benin.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bhutan]] || [[Image:Bhutan_emblem.png|120px]] |- | [[Bolivia]] || [[Image:BoliviaArms.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] || [[Image:Bosnia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Botswana]] || [[Image:Bostwanaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Brazil]] || [[Image:Brazil_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Brunei]] || [[Image:Bx-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bulgaria]] || [[Image:Bulgaria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Burkina Faso]] || [[Image:Burkinaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==C== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Cambodia]] || [[Image:Coa cambodia.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Cameroon]] || [[Image:Cameroon coa.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Canada]] || [[Image:Bigcancoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Cape Verde]] || [[Image:Capeverdearms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Central African Republic]] || [[Image:Centralaf22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Chad]] || [[Image:Chad_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Chile]] || [[Image:Shield_cl.gif|120px]] |- | [[People's Republic of China]] || [[Image:PRC coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Colombia]] || [[Image:Colombia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Comoros]] || [[Image:Comoros_coat_of_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] || [[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|120px]] |- | [[Republic of the Congo]] || [[Image:Congocofarms2.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Costa Rica]] || [[Image:CostaRica_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Côte d'Ivoire]] || [[Image:Coa cote d ivory.jpg||120px]] |- | [[Croatia]] || [[Image:Croatia_coat_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Cuba]] || [[Image:Cuba_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Cyprus]] || [[Image:Cyprus_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Czech Republic]] || [[Image:Czech_coatofarms.jpg|120px]] |} ==D== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Denmark]] || [[Image:The_small_Danish_Coat_of_Arms.jpg|120px]] |- |- | [[Dominica]] || [[Image:Dominica23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Dominican Republic]] || [[Image:Dominican_republic_coa.gif|120px]] |} ==E== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[East Timor]] || [[Image:East_timor_coa.png|120px|East Timor COA]] |- | [[Ecuador]] || [[Image:Ecuador COA.jpg|120px|Ecuador COA]] |- | [[Egypt]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Egypt.png|120px|Golden Eagle - Egypt Coat Of Arms]] |- | [[El Salvador]] || [[Image:El Salvador coa.gif|120px|El Salvador COA]] |- | [[Equatorial Guinea]] || [[Image:Equaarms22.PNG|120px|Equatorial Guinea COA]] |- |- | [[Estonia]] || [[Image:Estonia coat-of-arms.jpg|100px|120px|Estonia COA]] |- |} ==F== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Fiji]] || [[Image:Fij-coa.gif|120px]] |- | [[Finland]] || [[Image:Finland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[France]] || [[Image:Armoiries-fr.jpg|120px]] |- |} ==G== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Gabon]] || [[Image:Gabonarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[The Gambia]] || [[Image:Gambiaarms21.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] || [[Image:Georgian_COA.jpg|140px]] |- | [[Germany]] || [[Image:Bundesadler.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[Bundesadler]]'' (Federal Eagle)</small> |- | [[Ghana]] || [[Image:Ghanaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Greece]] || [[Image:Greece_coa.png|120px|Greece Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Grenada]] || [[Image:Grenadaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Guatemala]] || [[Image:GUAcoat.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Guernsey]] || [[Image:Guernsey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Guernsey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Guinea]] || [[Image:Guineaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Guinea-Bissau]] || [[Image:Coaguinea-bissau.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Guyana]] || [[Image:Guyana_coa.png|120px]] |} ==H== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Haiti]] || [[Image:Haiti_coat_of_arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Honduras]] || [[Image:Honduras_COA.gif|120px|Honduras COA]] |- | [[Hungary]] || [[Image:Hungary_COA.jpg|center|120px]] |} ==I== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Iceland]] || [[Image:ISLcoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[India]] || [[Image:EmblemofIndia-small.png|center]] |- | [[Indonesia]] || [[Image:Indonesiacoatofarms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Iran]] || [[Image:Iran_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Iraq]] || [[Image:Iraq-COA.png|120px]] |- | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] || [[Image:Ireland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Isle of Man]] || [[Image:Isle of Man Arms Small.png|120px|Isle of Man Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Israel]] || [[Image:Israel-coa-medium.png|120px]] |- | [[Italy]] || [[Image:Italian_coa.png|120px|Italian COA]] |} ==J== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Japan]] || [[Image:Japan_coa.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[National and Imperial Seal]]''</small> |- | [[Jersey]] || [[Image:Jersey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Jersey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Jordan]] || [[Image:Hashemitearms.jpg|120px|Coat of Arms of Jordan]] |} ==K== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Kazakhstan]] || [[image:Embelm_KZ.png|120px]] |- | [[Kiribati]] || [[Image:Kiribaticoa.gif|120px]] |- | [[North Korea]] || [[Image:North_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[South Korea]] || [[Image:South_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Kuwait]] || [[Image:KUW-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kyrgyzstan]] || [[Image:Kyrgyziarms.gif|120px]] |} ==L== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Laos]] || [[Image:Laos_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Latvia]] || [[Image:Latvijas lielais gerbonis.gif|140px]] |- | [[Lebanon]] || [[Image:Lebanese_COA.png|120px|Lebanese COA]] |- | [[Lesotho]] || [[Image:Lesothoarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Liberia]] || [[Image:Lib-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Libya]] || [[Image:Libyseal.gif|120px|Libya Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Liechtenstein]] || [[Image:Liechtenstein_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Lithuania]] || [[Image:Lithuanian_vytis.png|120px]] |- | [[Luxembourg]] || [[Image:Luxarms.gif|center|120px]] |} ==M== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| (Former Yugoslav) <br> [[Republic of Macedonia]] || [[Image:Grb.gif|120px|Macedonia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Madagascar]] || [[Image:Madagascar_COA.png|120px|Madagasar COA]] |- | [[Malawi]] || [[Image:Malawiarms20.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Malaysia]] || [[Image:Malaysia_Coat_of_Arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Maldives]] || [[Image:Maldives-emblem.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mali]] || [[Image:Maliarms22.PNG]] |- | [[Malta]] || [[Image:Malta_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Marshall Islands]] || [[Image:Marshall_Islands_COA.gif|120px|Marshall Islands COA]] |- | [[Mauritania]] || [[Image:maurarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Mauritius]] || [[Image:Mauritius_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mexico]] || [[Image:Mexico_coat_of_arms_(small).png|120px]] |- | [[Federated States of Micronesia]] || [[Image:Micronesie_COA.gif|120px|Micronesia COA]] |- | [[Moldova]] || [[Image:Mda_coa.gif|120px|Moldova Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Monaco]] || [[Image:Monaco_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mongolia]] || [[Image:Suld.gif|120px]] |- | [[Morocco]] || [[Image:morarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Mozambique]] || [[Image:Mozambique_COA.png|120px|Coat of arms of Mozambique]] |- | [[Myanmar]] || [[Image:Myanmar_COA.gif|120px|Coat of arms of Myanmar]] |} ==N== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Namibia]] || [[Image:Namibia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nauru]] || [[Image:Nauru_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nepal]] || [[Image:Nepal_COA.gif|120px|Nepal COA]] |- | [[Netherlands]] || [[Image:Arms_netherlands_small.gif|120px|Netherlands Coat of Arms]] |- | [[New Zealand]] || [[Image:New_zealand_coa.png|120px|New Zealand COA]] |- | [[Nicaragua]] || [[Image:Nicaragua-coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Niger]] || [[Image:Nigerarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Nigeria]] || [[Image:Nigeriaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Norway]] || [[Image:Norway_coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==O== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Oman]] || [[Image:Khanjar.gif|120px]] |} ==P== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Pakistan]] || [[Image:Pakarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Palau]] ||[http://www.bdarop.com/images/Officials/Executive/execseal.gif] This is the Exectutive<br> Seal, but is close in form<br> to the National Arms. |- | [[Panama]] || [[Image:Escudo_armas_Panama.PNG|120px|Panama COA]] |- | [[Papua New Guinea]] || [[Image:PapuaNewGuinea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Paraguay]] || [[Image:Paraguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Peru]] || [[Image:Coa_Peru.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Philippines]] || [[Image:Philippine_coat-of-arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Poland]] || [[Image:Herb Polski.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Poland]] |- | [[Portugal]] || [[Image:Portugal_coa.png|120px]] |} ==Q== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Qatar]] ||[http://www.qatarembassy.net/headerBanner.jpg] Seal is on left. |} ==R== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Romania]] || [[Image:Coa_romania.png|120px]] |- | [[Russia]] || [[Image:Russia_coa.png|120px]] |- |} ==S== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] || [[Image:skitts22.PNG|120px|Saint Kitts and Nevis: Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Saint Lucia]] || [[Image:St_lucia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] || [[Image:Svincent22.PNG|center|75px]] |- | [[Samoa]] || [[Image:Westasmarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[San Marino]] || [[Image:Smarino.jpg|120px]] |- | [[São Tomé and Príncipe]] || [[Image:Saoprinarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Saudi Arabia]] || [[Image:Saudi coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Scotland]] || [[Image:Scottish royal coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Senegal]] || [[Image:Senegal_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Serbia and Montenegro]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.png|120px|Serbia and Montenegro Caot of Arms]] |- | [[Seychelles]] || [[Image:Seychelles_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sierra Leone]] || [[Image:SLECOA.gif|120px|Sierra Leone Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Singapore]] || [[Image:Symbol_crest.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovakia]] || [[Image:Slovakia_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovenia]] || [[Image:Slovenia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Solomon Islands]] || [[Image:Solomon_Islands_coat_of_arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- |- | [[South Africa]] || [[Image:Za-coa.gif]] |- | [[Spain]] || [[Image:Spain_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sri Lanka]] || [[Image:Sri_lanka_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sudan]] || [[Image:Sudan_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Suriname]] || [[Image:Suriname_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Swaziland]] || [[Image:Swazicoa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sweden]] || [[Image:Sweden_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Switzerland]] || [[Image:Switzerland_CoA.png|120px]] |- | [[Syria]] || [[Image:Syrlogo.jpg|120px]] |} ==T== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| Taiwan ([[Republic of China]]) || [[Image:Republic_of_China_National_Emblem.png|120px|National Emblem of the Republic of China]] |- | [[Tajikistan]] || [[Image:Coa tajikistan.jpg|120px]] | [[Thailand]] || [[Image:Thailand_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Togo]] || [[Image:Togoarms22.PNG|center|120px]] |- | [[Tonga]] || [[Image:Tongaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Trinidad and Tobago]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms_Trinidad_and_Tobago.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tunisia]] || [[Image:Armes_tunisie.jpg|120px|Tunisia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Turkey]] || Turkey has no<br> recognized or <br>established<br> national coat<br> of arms |- | [[Turkmenistan]] || [[Image:Turkmenistan coa.jpg|120px|Turkmenistan Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Tuvalu]] || [[Image:Tuvalu-coa.jpg|120px]] |} ==U== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| | [[Ukraine]] || [[Image:Ukraine_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[United Arab Emirates]] || [[Image:NationalArmsofUAE.png|120px]] |- | [[United Kingdom]] || [[Image:UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[United States]] || [[Image:Great Seal of the US.png|120px|Great Seal of the U.S.]] |- | [[Uruguay]] || [[Image:Uruguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Uzbekistan]] || [[Image:Uzbekistan coa.png|120px|Uzbekistan Coat of Arms]] |} ==V== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Vanuatu]] || [[Image:Vanuatu_coat_of_arms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Vatican City]] || [[Image:Vatican_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Venezuela]] || [[Image:Venezuela_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Vietnam]] || [[Image:Viet-coa.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==W== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Western Sahara]] ([[Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic]]) || [[Image:Lambang_sahara_barat.png]] |- |} ==Y== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Yemen]] || [[Image:Yemencoa.jpg|120px]] |} ==Z== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Zambia]] || [[Image:Zambian_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px|center]] |- |} [[Category:Ba almwali ya bisé|*]] [[en:List of national coats of arms]] [[it:Elenco di stemmi nazionali]] [[nl:Wapenschilden van de wereld]] [[pl:God&#322;a pa&#324;stw &#347;wiata]] [[sk:Gal&#233;ria &#353;t&#225;tnych znakov]] [[sv:Lista över riksvapen]] 7404 2005-12-20T23:24:19Z 200.77.160.252 {{Nationalflags}} __NOTOC__ {{compactTOC2}} ==A== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Afganistani]] || [[Image:COA Afghanistan.png|120px]] |- | [[Albania]] || [[Image:Albania_state_emblem.png|120px|center]] |- | [[Aljeria]] || [[Image:Algeria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Alémani]] || [[Image:Bundesadler.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[Bundesadler]]'' (Federal Eagle)</small> |- | [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] || [[Image:morarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Andorra]] || [[Image:Andorra_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Angóla]] || [[Image:Coaofangola.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Antigua and Barbuda]] || [[Image:Antigua_and_barbuda_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Argentina]] || [[Image:Argentina_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Armenia]] || [[Image:Armenia-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Azerbaijan]] || [[Image:Azerbaijan coa.png|120px|]] |- |} ==B== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Bahamas]] || [[Image:Bahamas_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bahrain]] || [[Image:Coa_bahrain_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Bangladesh]] || [[Image:Bangladesh_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Barbados]] || [[Image:Barbados_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Belarus]] || [[Image:Belarus_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] || [[Image:Belgium_coat_of_arms_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Belize]] || [[Image:Belize_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bénin]] || [[Image:Benin.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bhutan]] || [[Image:Bhutan_emblem.png|120px]] |- | [[Bolivia]] || [[Image:BoliviaArms.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] || [[Image:Bosnia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Botswana]] || [[Image:Bostwanaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Brazil]] || [[Image:Brazil_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Brunei]] || [[Image:Bx-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bulgaria]] || [[Image:Bulgaria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Burkina Faso]] || [[Image:Burkinaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==C== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Cambodia]] || [[Image:Coa cambodia.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Cape Verde]] || [[Image:Capeverdearms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Central African Republic]] || [[Image:Centralaf22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Chile]] || [[Image:Shield_cl.gif|120px]] |- | [[People's Republic of China]] || [[Image:PRC coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Colombia]] || [[Image:Colombia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Costa Rica]] || [[Image:CostaRica_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Croatia]] || [[Image:Croatia_coat_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Cuba]] || [[Image:Cuba_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Cyprus]] || [[Image:Cyprus_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Czech Republic]] || [[Image:Czech_coatofarms.jpg|120px]] |} ==D== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Denmark]] || [[Image:The_small_Danish_Coat_of_Arms.jpg|120px]] |- |- | [[Dominica]] || [[Image:Dominica23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Dominican Republic]] || [[Image:Dominican_republic_coa.gif|120px]] |} ==E== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[East Timor]] || [[Image:East_timor_coa.png|120px|East Timor COA]] |- | [[Ekwateli]] || [[Image:Ecuador COA.jpg|120px|Ecuador COA]] |- | [[Ejipti]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Egypt.png|120px|Golden Eagle - Egypt Coat Of Arms]] |- | [[Estonia]] || [[Image:Estonia coat-of-arms.jpg|100px|120px|Estonia COA]] |- |} ==F== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Fiji]] || [[Image:Fij-coa.gif|120px]] |- | [[Finland]] || [[Image:Finland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[France]] || [[Image:Armoiries-fr.jpg|120px]] |- |} ==G== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Gabon]] || [[Image:Gabonarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gambia]] || [[Image:Gambiaarms21.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] || [[Image:Georgian_COA.jpg|140px]] |- | [[Ghana]] || [[Image:Ghanaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Greece]] || [[Image:Greece_coa.png|120px|Greece Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Grenada]] || [[Image:Grenadaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Guatemala]] || [[Image:GUAcoat.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Guernsey]] || [[Image:Guernsey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Guernsey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Gine]] || [[Image:Guineaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gine-Bisau]] || [[Image:Coaguinea-bissau.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] || [[Image:Equaarms22.PNG|120px|Equatorial Guinea COA]] |- | [[Guyana]] || [[Image:Guyana_coa.png|120px]] |} ==H== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Haiti]] || [[Image:Haiti_coat_of_arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Holanda]] || [[Image:Arms_netherlands_small.gif|120px|Netherlands Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Honduras]] || [[Image:Honduras_COA.gif|120px|Honduras COA]] |- | [[Hungary]] || [[Image:Hungary_COA.jpg|center|120px]] |} ==I== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Iceland]] || [[Image:ISLcoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[India]] || [[Image:EmblemofIndia-small.png|center]] |- | [[Indonesia]] || [[Image:Indonesiacoatofarms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Iran]] || [[Image:Iran_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Iraq]] || [[Image:Iraq-COA.png|120px]] |- | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] || [[Image:Ireland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Isle of Man]] || [[Image:Isle of Man Arms Small.png|120px|Isle of Man Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Israel]] || [[Image:Israel-coa-medium.png|120px]] |- | [[Italy]] || [[Image:Italian_coa.png|120px|Italian COA]] |} ==J== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Japan]] || [[Image:Japan_coa.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[National and Imperial Seal]]''</small> |- | [[Jersey]] || [[Image:Jersey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Jersey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Jordan]] || [[Image:Hashemitearms.jpg|120px|Coat of Arms of Jordan]] |} ==K== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Kamerun]] || [[Image:Cameroon coa.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Kanadá]] || [[Image:Bigcancoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kazakhstan]] || [[image:Embelm_KZ.png|120px]] |- | [[Kiribati]] || [[Image:Kiribaticoa.gif|120px]] |- | [[North Korea]] || [[Image:North_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[South Korea]] || [[Image:South_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Komori]] || [[Image:Comoros_coat_of_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] || [[Image:Congocofarms2.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] || [[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kotdivuar]] || [[Image:Coa cote d ivory.jpg||120px]] |- | [[Kuwait]] || [[Image:KUW-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kyrgyzstan]] || [[Image:Kyrgyziarms.gif|120px]] |} ==L== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Laos]] || [[Image:Laos_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Latvia]] || [[Image:Latvijas lielais gerbonis.gif|140px]] |- | [[Lebanon]] || [[Image:Lebanese_COA.png|120px|Lebanese COA]] |- | [[Lesotho]] || [[Image:Lesothoarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Liberia]] || [[Image:Lib-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Libîya]] || [[Image:Libyseal.gif|120px|Libya Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Liechtenstein]] || [[Image:Liechtenstein_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Lithuania]] || [[Image:Lithuanian_vytis.png|120px]] |- | [[Luksambur]] || [[Image:Luxarms.gif|center|120px]] |} ==M== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| (Former Yugoslav) <br> [[Republic of Macedonia]] || [[Image:Grb.gif|120px|Macedonia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Madagascar]] || [[Image:Madagascar_COA.png|120px|Madagasar COA]] |- | [[Malawi]] || [[Image:Malawiarms20.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Malaysia]] || [[Image:Malaysia_Coat_of_Arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Maldives]] || [[Image:Maldives-emblem.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mali]] || [[Image:Maliarms22.PNG]] |- | [[Malta]] || [[Image:Malta_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Marshall Islands]] || [[Image:Marshall_Islands_COA.gif|120px|Marshall Islands COA]] |- | [[Moritani]] || [[Image:maurarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Mauritius]] || [[Image:Mauritius_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mexico]] || [[Image:Mexico_coat_of_arms_(small).png|120px]] |- | [[Federated States of Micronesia]] || [[Image:Micronesie_COA.gif|120px|Micronesia COA]] |- | [[Moldova]] || [[Image:Mda_coa.gif|120px|Moldova Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Monaco]] || [[Image:Monaco_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mongolia]] || [[Image:Suld.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mozambiki]] || [[Image:Mozambique_COA.png|120px|Coat of arms of Mozambique]] |- | [[Myanmar]] || [[Image:Myanmar_COA.gif|120px|Coat of arms of Myanmar]] |} ==N== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Namibia]] || [[Image:Namibia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nauru]] || [[Image:Nauru_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nepal]] || [[Image:Nepal_COA.gif|120px|Nepal COA]] |- | [[New Zealand]] || [[Image:New_zealand_coa.png|120px|New Zealand COA]] |- | [[Nicaragua]] || [[Image:Nicaragua-coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Nijer]] || [[Image:Nigerarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Nijéria]] || [[Image:Nigeriaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Norway]] || [[Image:Norway_coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==O== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Omani]] || [[Image:Khanjar.gif|120px]] |- | [[Ostralía]] || [[Image:Aust Coat of Arms (large).jpg|120px]] |- | [[Otrishi]] || [[Image:Austria coat of arms.png|120px]] |- |} ==P== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Pakistan]] || [[Image:Pakarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Palau]] ||[http://www.bdarop.com/images/Officials/Executive/execseal.gif] This is the Exectutive<br> Seal, but is close in form<br> to the National Arms. |- | [[Panama]] || [[Image:Escudo_armas_Panama.PNG|120px|Panama COA]] |- | [[Papua New Guinea]] || [[Image:PapuaNewGuinea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Paraguay]] || [[Image:Paraguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Peru]] || [[Image:Coa_Peru.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Philippines]] || [[Image:Philippine_coat-of-arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Poland]] || [[Image:Herb Polski.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Poland]] |- | [[Pulutugal]] || [[Image:Portugal_coa.png|120px]] |} ==Q== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Qatar]] ||[http://www.qatarembassy.net/headerBanner.jpg] Seal is on left. |} ==R== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Romania]] || [[Image:Coa_romania.png|120px]] |- | [[Russia]] || [[Image:Russia_coa.png|120px]] |- |} ==S== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] || [[Image:skitts22.PNG|120px|Saint Kitts and Nevis: Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Saint Lucia]] || [[Image:St_lucia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] || [[Image:Svincent22.PNG|center|75px]] |- | [[San Salvador]] || [[Image:El Salvador coa.gif|120px|El Salvador COA]] |- | [[Samoa]] || [[Image:Westasmarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[San Marino]] || [[Image:Smarino.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] || [[Image:Saoprinarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Saudi Arabia]] || [[Image:Saudi coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Scotland]] || [[Image:Scottish royal coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Sénégal]] || [[Image:Senegal_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Serbia and Montenegro]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.png|120px|Serbia and Montenegro Caot of Arms]] |- | [[Seyshel]] || [[Image:Seychelles_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sierra Leone]] || [[Image:SLECOA.gif|120px|Sierra Leone Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Sidafrika]] || [[Image:Za-coa.gif]] |- | [[Singapore]] || [[Image:Symbol_crest.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovakia]] || [[Image:Slovakia_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovenia]] || [[Image:Slovenia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Solomon Islands]] || [[Image:Solomon_Islands_coat_of_arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Spain]] || [[Image:Spain_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sri Lanka]] || [[Image:Sri_lanka_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sudani]] || [[Image:Sudan_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Suriname]] || [[Image:Suriname_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Swaziland]] || [[Image:Swazicoa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sweden]] || [[Image:Sweden_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Swisi]] || [[Image:Switzerland_CoA.png|120px]] |- | [[Syria]] || [[Image:Syrlogo.jpg|120px]] |} ==T== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| Taiwan ([[Republic of China]]) || [[Image:Republic_of_China_National_Emblem.png|120px|National Emblem of the Republic of China]] |- | [[Tajikistan]] || [[Image:Coa tajikistan.jpg|120px]] | [[Thailand]] || [[Image:Thailand_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Togo]] || [[Image:Togoarms22.PNG|center|120px]] |- | [[Tonga]] || [[Image:Tongaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Trinidad and Tobago]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms_Trinidad_and_Tobago.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tshad]] || [[Image:Chad_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tunisia]] || [[Image:Armes_tunisie.jpg|120px|Tunisia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Turkey]] || Turkey has no<br> recognized or <br>established<br> national coat<br> of arms |- | [[Turkmenistan]] || [[Image:Turkmenistan coa.jpg|120px|Turkmenistan Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Tuvalu]] || [[Image:Tuvalu-coa.jpg|120px]] |} ==U== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| | [[Ukraine]] || [[Image:Ukraine_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[United Arab Emirates]] || [[Image:NationalArmsofUAE.png|120px]] |- | [[United Kingdom]] || [[Image:UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[United States]] || [[Image:Great Seal of the US.png|120px|Great Seal of the U.S.]] |- | [[Uruguay]] || [[Image:Uruguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Uzbekistan]] || [[Image:Uzbekistan coa.png|120px|Uzbekistan Coat of Arms]] |} ==V== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Vanuatu]] || [[Image:Vanuatu_coat_of_arms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Vatican City]] || [[Image:Vatican_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Venezuela]] || [[Image:Venezuela_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Vietnami]] || [[Image:Viet-coa.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==W== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Western Sahara]] ([[Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic]]) || [[Image:Lambang_sahara_barat.png]] |- |} ==Y== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Yemen]] || [[Image:Yemencoa.jpg|120px]] |} ==Z== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Zambia]] || [[Image:Zambian_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px|center]] |- |} [[Category:Ba almwali ya bisé|*]] [[en:List of national coats of arms]] [[it:Elenco di stemmi nazionali]] [[nl:Wapenschilden van de wereld]] [[pl:God&#322;a pa&#324;stw &#347;wiata]] [[sk:Gal&#233;ria &#353;t&#225;tnych znakov]] [[sv:Lista över riksvapen]] 7643 2006-01-28T05:21:56Z 67.189.72.211 /* B */ {{Nationalflags}} __NOTOC__ {{compactTOC2}} ==A== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Afganistani]] || [[Image:COA Afghanistan.png|120px]] |- | [[Albania]] || [[Image:Albania_state_emblem.png|120px|center]] |- | [[Aljeria]] || [[Image:Algeria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Alémani]] || [[Image:Bundesadler.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[Bundesadler]]'' (Federal Eagle)</small> |- | [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] || [[Image:morarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Andorra]] || [[Image:Andorra_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Angóla]] || [[Image:Coaofangola.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Antigua and Barbuda]] || [[Image:Antigua_and_barbuda_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Argentina]] || [[Image:Argentina_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Armenia]] || [[Image:Armenia-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Azerbaijan]] || [[Image:Azerbaijan coa.png|120px|]] |- |} ==B== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Bahamas]] || [[Image:Bahamas_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bahrain]] || [[Bahrain coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bangladesh]] || [[Image:Bangladesh_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Barbados]] || [[Image:Barbados_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Belarus]] || [[Image:Belarus_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] || [[Image:Belgium_coat_of_arms_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Belize]] || [[Image:Belize_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bénin]] || [[Image:Benin.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bhutan]] || [[Image:Bhutan_emblem.png|120px]] |- | [[Bolivia]] || [[Image:BoliviaArms.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] || [[Image:Bosnia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Botswana]] || [[Image:Bostwanaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Brazil]] || [[Image:Brazil_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Brunei]] || [[Image:Bx-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bulgaria]] || [[Image:Bulgaria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Burkina Faso]] || [[Image:Burkinaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==C== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Cambodia]] || [[Image:Coa cambodia.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Cape Verde]] || [[Image:Capeverdearms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Central African Republic]] || [[Image:Centralaf22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Chile]] || [[Image:Shield_cl.gif|120px]] |- | [[People's Republic of China]] || [[Image:PRC coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Colombia]] || [[Image:Colombia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Costa Rica]] || [[Image:CostaRica_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Croatia]] || [[Image:Croatia_coat_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Cuba]] || [[Image:Cuba_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Cyprus]] || [[Image:Cyprus_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Czech Republic]] || [[Image:Czech_coatofarms.jpg|120px]] |} ==D== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Denmark]] || [[Image:The_small_Danish_Coat_of_Arms.jpg|120px]] |- |- | [[Dominica]] || [[Image:Dominica23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Dominican Republic]] || [[Image:Dominican_republic_coa.gif|120px]] |} ==E== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[East Timor]] || [[Image:East_timor_coa.png|120px|East Timor COA]] |- | [[Ekwateli]] || [[Image:Ecuador COA.jpg|120px|Ecuador COA]] |- | [[Ejipti]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Egypt.png|120px|Golden Eagle - Egypt Coat Of Arms]] |- | [[Estonia]] || [[Image:Estonia coat-of-arms.jpg|100px|120px|Estonia COA]] |- |} ==F== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Fiji]] || [[Image:Fij-coa.gif|120px]] |- | [[Finland]] || [[Image:Finland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[France]] || [[Image:Armoiries-fr.jpg|120px]] |- |} ==G== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Gabon]] || [[Image:Gabonarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gambia]] || [[Image:Gambiaarms21.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] || [[Image:Georgian_COA.jpg|140px]] |- | [[Ghana]] || [[Image:Ghanaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Greece]] || [[Image:Greece_coa.png|120px|Greece Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Grenada]] || [[Image:Grenadaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Guatemala]] || [[Image:GUAcoat.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Guernsey]] || [[Image:Guernsey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Guernsey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Gine]] || [[Image:Guineaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gine-Bisau]] || [[Image:Coaguinea-bissau.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] || [[Image:Equaarms22.PNG|120px|Equatorial Guinea COA]] |- | [[Guyana]] || [[Image:Guyana_coa.png|120px]] |} ==H== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Haiti]] || [[Image:Haiti_coat_of_arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Holanda]] || [[Image:Arms_netherlands_small.gif|120px|Netherlands Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Honduras]] || [[Image:Honduras_COA.gif|120px|Honduras COA]] |- | [[Hungary]] || [[Image:Hungary_COA.jpg|center|120px]] |} ==I== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Iceland]] || [[Image:ISLcoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[India]] || [[Image:EmblemofIndia-small.png|center]] |- | [[Indonesia]] || [[Image:Indonesiacoatofarms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Iran]] || [[Image:Iran_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Iraq]] || [[Image:Iraq-COA.png|120px]] |- | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] || [[Image:Ireland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Isle of Man]] || [[Image:Isle of Man Arms Small.png|120px|Isle of Man Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Israel]] || [[Image:Israel-coa-medium.png|120px]] |- | [[Italy]] || [[Image:Italian_coa.png|120px|Italian COA]] |} ==J== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Japan]] || [[Image:Japan_coa.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[National and Imperial Seal]]''</small> |- | [[Jersey]] || [[Image:Jersey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Jersey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Jordan]] || [[Image:Hashemitearms.jpg|120px|Coat of Arms of Jordan]] |} ==K== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Kamerun]] || [[Image:Cameroon coa.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Kanadá]] || [[Image:Bigcancoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kazakhstan]] || [[image:Embelm_KZ.png|120px]] |- | [[Kiribati]] || [[Image:Kiribaticoa.gif|120px]] |- | [[North Korea]] || [[Image:North_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[South Korea]] || [[Image:South_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Komori]] || [[Image:Comoros_coat_of_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] || [[Image:Congocofarms2.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] || [[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kotdivuar]] || [[Image:Coa cote d ivory.jpg||120px]] |- | [[Kuwait]] || [[Image:KUW-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kyrgyzstan]] || [[Image:Kyrgyziarms.gif|120px]] |} ==L== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Laos]] || [[Image:Laos_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Latvia]] || [[Image:Latvijas lielais gerbonis.gif|140px]] |- | [[Lebanon]] || [[Image:Lebanese_COA.png|120px|Lebanese COA]] |- | [[Lesotho]] || [[Image:Lesothoarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Liberia]] || [[Image:Lib-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Libîya]] || [[Image:Libyseal.gif|120px|Libya Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Liechtenstein]] || [[Image:Liechtenstein_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Lithuania]] || [[Image:Lithuanian_vytis.png|120px]] |- | [[Luksambur]] || [[Image:Luxarms.gif|center|120px]] |} ==M== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| (Former Yugoslav) <br> [[Republic of Macedonia]] || [[Image:Grb.gif|120px|Macedonia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Madagascar]] || [[Image:Madagascar_COA.png|120px|Madagasar COA]] |- | [[Malawi]] || [[Image:Malawiarms20.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Malaysia]] || [[Image:Malaysia_Coat_of_Arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Maldives]] || [[Image:Maldives-emblem.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mali]] || [[Image:Maliarms22.PNG]] |- | [[Malta]] || [[Image:Malta_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Marshall Islands]] || [[Image:Marshall_Islands_COA.gif|120px|Marshall Islands COA]] |- | [[Moritani]] || [[Image:maurarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Mauritius]] || [[Image:Mauritius_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mexico]] || [[Image:Mexico_coat_of_arms_(small).png|120px]] |- | [[Federated States of Micronesia]] || [[Image:Micronesie_COA.gif|120px|Micronesia COA]] |- | [[Moldova]] || [[Image:Mda_coa.gif|120px|Moldova Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Monaco]] || [[Image:Monaco_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mongolia]] || [[Image:Suld.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mozambiki]] || [[Image:Mozambique_COA.png|120px|Coat of arms of Mozambique]] |- | [[Myanmar]] || [[Image:Myanmar_COA.gif|120px|Coat of arms of Myanmar]] |} ==N== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Namibia]] || [[Image:Namibia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nauru]] || [[Image:Nauru_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nepal]] || [[Image:Nepal_COA.gif|120px|Nepal COA]] |- | [[New Zealand]] || [[Image:New_zealand_coa.png|120px|New Zealand COA]] |- | [[Nicaragua]] || [[Image:Nicaragua-coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Nijer]] || [[Image:Nigerarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Nijéria]] || [[Image:Nigeriaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Norway]] || [[Image:Norway_coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==O== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Omani]] || [[Image:Khanjar.gif|120px]] |- | [[Ostralía]] || [[Image:Aust Coat of Arms (large).jpg|120px]] |- | [[Otrishi]] || [[Image:Austria coat of arms.png|120px]] |- |} ==P== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Pakistan]] || [[Image:Pakarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Palau]] ||[http://www.bdarop.com/images/Officials/Executive/execseal.gif] This is the Exectutive<br> Seal, but is close in form<br> to the National Arms. |- | [[Panama]] || [[Image:Escudo_armas_Panama.PNG|120px|Panama COA]] |- | [[Papua New Guinea]] || [[Image:PapuaNewGuinea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Paraguay]] || [[Image:Paraguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Peru]] || [[Image:Coa_Peru.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Philippines]] || [[Image:Philippine_coat-of-arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Poland]] || [[Image:Herb Polski.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Poland]] |- | [[Pulutugal]] || [[Image:Portugal_coa.png|120px]] |} ==Q== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Qatar]] ||[http://www.qatarembassy.net/headerBanner.jpg] Seal is on left. |} ==R== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Romania]] || [[Image:Coa_romania.png|120px]] |- | [[Russia]] || [[Image:Russia_coa.png|120px]] |- |} ==S== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] || [[Image:skitts22.PNG|120px|Saint Kitts and Nevis: Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Saint Lucia]] || [[Image:St_lucia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] || [[Image:Svincent22.PNG|center|75px]] |- | [[San Salvador]] || [[Image:El Salvador coa.gif|120px|El Salvador COA]] |- | [[Samoa]] || [[Image:Westasmarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[San Marino]] || [[Image:Smarino.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] || [[Image:Saoprinarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Saudi Arabia]] || [[Image:Saudi coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Scotland]] || [[Image:Scottish royal coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Sénégal]] || [[Image:Senegal_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Serbia and Montenegro]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.png|120px|Serbia and Montenegro Caot of Arms]] |- | [[Seyshel]] || [[Image:Seychelles_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sierra Leone]] || [[Image:SLECOA.gif|120px|Sierra Leone Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Sidafrika]] || [[Image:Za-coa.gif]] |- | [[Singapore]] || [[Image:Symbol_crest.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovakia]] || [[Image:Slovakia_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovenia]] || [[Image:Slovenia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Solomon Islands]] || [[Image:Solomon_Islands_coat_of_arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Spain]] || [[Image:Spain_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sri Lanka]] || [[Image:Sri_lanka_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sudani]] || [[Image:Sudan_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Suriname]] || [[Image:Suriname_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Swaziland]] || [[Image:Swazicoa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sweden]] || [[Image:Sweden_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Swisi]] || [[Image:Switzerland_CoA.png|120px]] |- | [[Syria]] || [[Image:Syrlogo.jpg|120px]] |} ==T== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| Taiwan ([[Republic of China]]) || [[Image:Republic_of_China_National_Emblem.png|120px|National Emblem of the Republic of China]] |- | [[Tajikistan]] || [[Image:Coa tajikistan.jpg|120px]] | [[Thailand]] || [[Image:Thailand_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Togo]] || [[Image:Togoarms22.PNG|center|120px]] |- | [[Tonga]] || [[Image:Tongaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Trinidad and Tobago]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms_Trinidad_and_Tobago.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tshad]] || [[Image:Chad_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tunisia]] || [[Image:Armes_tunisie.jpg|120px|Tunisia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Turkey]] || Turkey has no<br> recognized or <br>established<br> national coat<br> of arms |- | [[Turkmenistan]] || [[Image:Turkmenistan coa.jpg|120px|Turkmenistan Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Tuvalu]] || [[Image:Tuvalu-coa.jpg|120px]] |} ==U== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| | [[Ukraine]] || [[Image:Ukraine_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[United Arab Emirates]] || [[Image:NationalArmsofUAE.png|120px]] |- | [[United Kingdom]] || [[Image:UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[United States]] || [[Image:Great Seal of the US.png|120px|Great Seal of the U.S.]] |- | [[Uruguay]] || [[Image:Uruguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Uzbekistan]] || [[Image:Uzbekistan coa.png|120px|Uzbekistan Coat of Arms]] |} ==V== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Vanuatu]] || [[Image:Vanuatu_coat_of_arms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Vatican City]] || [[Image:Vatican_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Venezuela]] || [[Image:Venezuela_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Vietnami]] || [[Image:Viet-coa.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==W== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Western Sahara]] ([[Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic]]) || [[Image:Lambang_sahara_barat.png]] |- |} ==Y== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Yemen]] || [[Image:Yemencoa.jpg|120px]] |} ==Z== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Zambia]] || [[Image:Zambian_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px|center]] |- |} [[Category:Ba almwali ya bisé|*]] [[en:List of national coats of arms]] [[it:Elenco di stemmi nazionali]] [[nl:Wapenschilden van de wereld]] [[pl:God&#322;a pa&#324;stw &#347;wiata]] [[sk:Gal&#233;ria &#353;t&#225;tnych znakov]] [[sv:Lista över riksvapen]] 7706 2006-02-09T00:09:42Z 84.131.225.234 /* G */ {{Nationalflags}} __NOTOC__ {{compactTOC2}} ==A== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Afganistani]] || [[Image:COA Afghanistan.png|120px]] |- | [[Albania]] || [[Image:Albania_state_emblem.png|120px|center]] |- | [[Aljeria]] || [[Image:Algeria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Alémani]] || [[Image:Bundesadler.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[Bundesadler]]'' (Federal Eagle)</small> |- | [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] || [[Image:morarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Andorra]] || [[Image:Andorra_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Angóla]] || [[Image:Coaofangola.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Antigua and Barbuda]] || [[Image:Antigua_and_barbuda_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Argentina]] || [[Image:Argentina_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Armenia]] || [[Image:Armenia-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Azerbaijan]] || [[Image:Azerbaijan coa.png|120px|]] |- |} ==B== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Bahamas]] || [[Image:Bahamas_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bahrain]] || [[Bahrain coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bangladesh]] || [[Image:Bangladesh_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Barbados]] || [[Image:Barbados_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Belarus]] || [[Image:Belarus_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] || [[Image:Belgium_coat_of_arms_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Belize]] || [[Image:Belize_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bénin]] || [[Image:Benin.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bhutan]] || [[Image:Bhutan_emblem.png|120px]] |- | [[Bolivia]] || [[Image:BoliviaArms.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] || [[Image:Bosnia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Botswana]] || [[Image:Bostwanaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Brazil]] || [[Image:Brazil_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Brunei]] || [[Image:Bx-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bulgaria]] || [[Image:Bulgaria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Burkina Faso]] || [[Image:Burkinaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==C== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Cambodia]] || [[Image:Coa cambodia.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Cape Verde]] || [[Image:Capeverdearms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Central African Republic]] || [[Image:Centralaf22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Chile]] || [[Image:Shield_cl.gif|120px]] |- | [[People's Republic of China]] || [[Image:PRC coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Colombia]] || [[Image:Colombia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Costa Rica]] || [[Image:CostaRica_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Croatia]] || [[Image:Croatia_coat_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Cuba]] || [[Image:Cuba_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Cyprus]] || [[Image:Cyprus_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Czech Republic]] || [[Image:Czech_coatofarms.jpg|120px]] |} ==D== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Denmark]] || [[Image:The_small_Danish_Coat_of_Arms.jpg|120px]] |- |- | [[Dominica]] || [[Image:Dominica23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Dominican Republic]] || [[Image:Dominican_republic_coa.gif|120px]] |} ==E== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[East Timor]] || [[Image:East_timor_coa.png|120px|East Timor COA]] |- | [[Ekwateli]] || [[Image:Ecuador COA.jpg|120px|Ecuador COA]] |- | [[Ejipti]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Egypt.png|120px|Golden Eagle - Egypt Coat Of Arms]] |- | [[Estonia]] || [[Image:Estonia coat-of-arms.jpg|100px|120px|Estonia COA]] |- |} ==F== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Fiji]] || [[Image:Fij-coa.gif|120px]] |- | [[Finland]] || [[Image:Finland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[France]] || [[Image:Armoiries-fr.jpg|120px]] |- |} ==G== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Gabon]] || [[Image:Gabonarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gambia]] || [[Image:Gambiaarms21.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] || [[Image:Georgian_COA.jpg|140px]] |- | [[Ghana]] || [[Image:Ghanaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Greece]] || [[Image:Greece_coa.png|120px|Greece Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Grenada]] || [[Image:Grenadaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Guatemala]] || [[Image:GUAcoat.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Guernsey]] || [[Image:Guernsey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Guernsey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Gine]] || [[Image:Guineaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gine-Bisau]] || [[Image:Coaguinea-bissau.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] || [[Image:Equatorial Guinea coa.png|120px|Equatorial Guinea COA]] |- | [[Guyana]] || [[Image:Guyana_coa.png|120px]] |} ==H== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Haiti]] || [[Image:Haiti_coat_of_arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Holanda]] || [[Image:Arms_netherlands_small.gif|120px|Netherlands Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Honduras]] || [[Image:Honduras_COA.gif|120px|Honduras COA]] |- | [[Hungary]] || [[Image:Hungary_COA.jpg|center|120px]] |} ==I== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Iceland]] || [[Image:ISLcoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[India]] || [[Image:EmblemofIndia-small.png|center]] |- | [[Indonesia]] || [[Image:Indonesiacoatofarms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Iran]] || [[Image:Iran_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Iraq]] || [[Image:Iraq-COA.png|120px]] |- | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] || [[Image:Ireland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Isle of Man]] || [[Image:Isle of Man Arms Small.png|120px|Isle of Man Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Israel]] || [[Image:Israel-coa-medium.png|120px]] |- | [[Italy]] || [[Image:Italian_coa.png|120px|Italian COA]] |} ==J== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Japan]] || [[Image:Japan_coa.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[National and Imperial Seal]]''</small> |- | [[Jersey]] || [[Image:Jersey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Jersey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Jordan]] || [[Image:Hashemitearms.jpg|120px|Coat of Arms of Jordan]] |} ==K== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Kamerun]] || [[Image:Cameroon coa.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Kanadá]] || [[Image:Bigcancoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kazakhstan]] || [[image:Embelm_KZ.png|120px]] |- | [[Kiribati]] || [[Image:Kiribaticoa.gif|120px]] |- | [[North Korea]] || [[Image:North_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[South Korea]] || [[Image:South_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Komori]] || [[Image:Comoros_coat_of_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] || [[Image:Congocofarms2.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] || [[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kotdivuar]] || [[Image:Coa cote d ivory.jpg||120px]] |- | [[Kuwait]] || [[Image:KUW-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kyrgyzstan]] || [[Image:Kyrgyziarms.gif|120px]] |} ==L== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Laos]] || [[Image:Laos_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Latvia]] || [[Image:Latvijas lielais gerbonis.gif|140px]] |- | [[Lebanon]] || [[Image:Lebanese_COA.png|120px|Lebanese COA]] |- | [[Lesotho]] || [[Image:Lesothoarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Liberia]] || [[Image:Lib-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Libîya]] || [[Image:Libyseal.gif|120px|Libya Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Liechtenstein]] || [[Image:Liechtenstein_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Lithuania]] || [[Image:Lithuanian_vytis.png|120px]] |- | [[Luksambur]] || [[Image:Luxarms.gif|center|120px]] |} ==M== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| (Former Yugoslav) <br> [[Republic of Macedonia]] || [[Image:Grb.gif|120px|Macedonia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Madagascar]] || [[Image:Madagascar_COA.png|120px|Madagasar COA]] |- | [[Malawi]] || [[Image:Malawiarms20.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Malaysia]] || [[Image:Malaysia_Coat_of_Arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Maldives]] || [[Image:Maldives-emblem.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mali]] || [[Image:Maliarms22.PNG]] |- | [[Malta]] || [[Image:Malta_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Marshall Islands]] || [[Image:Marshall_Islands_COA.gif|120px|Marshall Islands COA]] |- | [[Moritani]] || [[Image:maurarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Mauritius]] || [[Image:Mauritius_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mexico]] || [[Image:Mexico_coat_of_arms_(small).png|120px]] |- | [[Federated States of Micronesia]] || [[Image:Micronesie_COA.gif|120px|Micronesia COA]] |- | [[Moldova]] || [[Image:Mda_coa.gif|120px|Moldova Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Monaco]] || [[Image:Monaco_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mongolia]] || [[Image:Suld.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mozambiki]] || [[Image:Mozambique_COA.png|120px|Coat of arms of Mozambique]] |- | [[Myanmar]] || [[Image:Myanmar_COA.gif|120px|Coat of arms of Myanmar]] |} ==N== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Namibia]] || [[Image:Namibia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nauru]] || [[Image:Nauru_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nepal]] || [[Image:Nepal_COA.gif|120px|Nepal COA]] |- | [[New Zealand]] || [[Image:New_zealand_coa.png|120px|New Zealand COA]] |- | [[Nicaragua]] || [[Image:Nicaragua-coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Nijer]] || [[Image:Nigerarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Nijéria]] || [[Image:Nigeriaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Norway]] || [[Image:Norway_coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==O== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Omani]] || [[Image:Khanjar.gif|120px]] |- | [[Ostralía]] || [[Image:Aust Coat of Arms (large).jpg|120px]] |- | [[Otrishi]] || [[Image:Austria coat of arms.png|120px]] |- |} ==P== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Pakistan]] || [[Image:Pakarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Palau]] ||[http://www.bdarop.com/images/Officials/Executive/execseal.gif] This is the Exectutive<br> Seal, but is close in form<br> to the National Arms. |- | [[Panama]] || [[Image:Escudo_armas_Panama.PNG|120px|Panama COA]] |- | [[Papua New Guinea]] || [[Image:PapuaNewGuinea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Paraguay]] || [[Image:Paraguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Peru]] || [[Image:Coa_Peru.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Philippines]] || [[Image:Philippine_coat-of-arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Poland]] || [[Image:Herb Polski.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Poland]] |- | [[Pulutugal]] || [[Image:Portugal_coa.png|120px]] |} ==Q== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Qatar]] ||[http://www.qatarembassy.net/headerBanner.jpg] Seal is on left. |} ==R== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Romania]] || [[Image:Coa_romania.png|120px]] |- | [[Russia]] || [[Image:Russia_coa.png|120px]] |- |} ==S== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] || [[Image:skitts22.PNG|120px|Saint Kitts and Nevis: Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Saint Lucia]] || [[Image:St_lucia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] || [[Image:Svincent22.PNG|center|75px]] |- | [[San Salvador]] || [[Image:El Salvador coa.gif|120px|El Salvador COA]] |- | [[Samoa]] || [[Image:Westasmarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[San Marino]] || [[Image:Smarino.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] || [[Image:Saoprinarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Saudi Arabia]] || [[Image:Saudi coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Scotland]] || [[Image:Scottish royal coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Sénégal]] || [[Image:Senegal_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Serbia and Montenegro]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.png|120px|Serbia and Montenegro Caot of Arms]] |- | [[Seyshel]] || [[Image:Seychelles_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sierra Leone]] || [[Image:SLECOA.gif|120px|Sierra Leone Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Sidafrika]] || [[Image:Za-coa.gif]] |- | [[Singapore]] || [[Image:Symbol_crest.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovakia]] || [[Image:Slovakia_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovenia]] || [[Image:Slovenia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Solomon Islands]] || [[Image:Solomon_Islands_coat_of_arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Spain]] || [[Image:Spain_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sri Lanka]] || [[Image:Sri_lanka_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sudani]] || [[Image:Sudan_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Suriname]] || [[Image:Suriname_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Swaziland]] || [[Image:Swazicoa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sweden]] || [[Image:Sweden_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Swisi]] || [[Image:Switzerland_CoA.png|120px]] |- | [[Syria]] || [[Image:Syrlogo.jpg|120px]] |} ==T== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| Taiwan ([[Republic of China]]) || [[Image:Republic_of_China_National_Emblem.png|120px|National Emblem of the Republic of China]] |- | [[Tajikistan]] || [[Image:Coa tajikistan.jpg|120px]] | [[Thailand]] || [[Image:Thailand_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Togo]] || [[Image:Togoarms22.PNG|center|120px]] |- | [[Tonga]] || [[Image:Tongaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Trinidad and Tobago]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms_Trinidad_and_Tobago.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tshad]] || [[Image:Chad_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tunisia]] || [[Image:Armes_tunisie.jpg|120px|Tunisia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Turkey]] || Turkey has no<br> recognized or <br>established<br> national coat<br> of arms |- | [[Turkmenistan]] || [[Image:Turkmenistan coa.jpg|120px|Turkmenistan Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Tuvalu]] || [[Image:Tuvalu-coa.jpg|120px]] |} ==U== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| | [[Ukraine]] || [[Image:Ukraine_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[United Arab Emirates]] || [[Image:NationalArmsofUAE.png|120px]] |- | [[United Kingdom]] || [[Image:UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[United States]] || [[Image:Great Seal of the US.png|120px|Great Seal of the U.S.]] |- | [[Uruguay]] || [[Image:Uruguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Uzbekistan]] || [[Image:Uzbekistan coa.png|120px|Uzbekistan Coat of Arms]] |} ==V== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Vanuatu]] || [[Image:Vanuatu_coat_of_arms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Vatican City]] || [[Image:Vatican_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Venezuela]] || [[Image:Venezuela_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Vietnami]] || [[Image:Viet-coa.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==W== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Western Sahara]] ([[Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic]]) || [[Image:Lambang_sahara_barat.png]] |- |} ==Y== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Yemen]] || [[Image:Yemencoa.jpg|120px]] |} ==Z== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Zambia]] || [[Image:Zambian_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px|center]] |- |} [[Category:Ba almwali ya bisé|*]] [[en:List of national coats of arms]] [[it:Elenco di stemmi nazionali]] [[nl:Wapenschilden van de wereld]] [[pl:God&#322;a pa&#324;stw &#347;wiata]] [[sk:Gal&#233;ria &#353;t&#225;tnych znakov]] [[sv:Lista över riksvapen]] 7707 2006-02-09T23:20:09Z 84.131.214.110 /* C */ {{Nationalflags}} __NOTOC__ {{compactTOC2}} ==A== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Afganistani]] || [[Image:COA Afghanistan.png|120px]] |- | [[Albania]] || [[Image:Albania_state_emblem.png|120px|center]] |- | [[Aljeria]] || [[Image:Algeria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Alémani]] || [[Image:Bundesadler.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[Bundesadler]]'' (Federal Eagle)</small> |- | [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] || [[Image:morarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Andorra]] || [[Image:Andorra_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Angóla]] || [[Image:Coaofangola.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Antigua and Barbuda]] || [[Image:Antigua_and_barbuda_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Argentina]] || [[Image:Argentina_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Armenia]] || [[Image:Armenia-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Azerbaijan]] || [[Image:Azerbaijan coa.png|120px|]] |- |} ==B== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Bahamas]] || [[Image:Bahamas_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bahrain]] || [[Bahrain coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bangladesh]] || [[Image:Bangladesh_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Barbados]] || [[Image:Barbados_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Belarus]] || [[Image:Belarus_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] || [[Image:Belgium_coat_of_arms_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Belize]] || [[Image:Belize_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bénin]] || [[Image:Benin.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bhutan]] || [[Image:Bhutan_emblem.png|120px]] |- | [[Bolivia]] || [[Image:BoliviaArms.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] || [[Image:Bosnia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Botswana]] || [[Image:Bostwanaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Brazil]] || [[Image:Brazil_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Brunei]] || [[Image:Bx-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bulgaria]] || [[Image:Bulgaria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Burkina Faso]] || [[Image:Burkinaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==C== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Cambodia]] || [[Image:Coa cambodia.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Cape Verde]] || [[Image:Capeverdearms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Central African Republic]] || [[Image:Centralaf22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Chile]] || [[Image:Shield_cl.gif|120px]] |- | [[People's Republic of China]] || [[Image:PRC coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Colombia]] || [[Image:Colombia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Costa Rica]] || [[Image:CostaRica_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Croatia]] || [[Image:Croatian Coat of Arms.svg|120px]] |- | [[Cuba]] || [[Image:Cuba_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Cyprus]] || [[Image:Cyprus_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Czech Republic]] || [[Image:Czech_coatofarms.jpg|120px]] |} ==D== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Denmark]] || [[Image:The_small_Danish_Coat_of_Arms.jpg|120px]] |- |- | [[Dominica]] || [[Image:Dominica23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Dominican Republic]] || [[Image:Dominican_republic_coa.gif|120px]] |} ==E== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[East Timor]] || [[Image:East_timor_coa.png|120px|East Timor COA]] |- | [[Ekwateli]] || [[Image:Ecuador COA.jpg|120px|Ecuador COA]] |- | [[Ejipti]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Egypt.png|120px|Golden Eagle - Egypt Coat Of Arms]] |- | [[Estonia]] || [[Image:Estonia coat-of-arms.jpg|100px|120px|Estonia COA]] |- |} ==F== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Fiji]] || [[Image:Fij-coa.gif|120px]] |- | [[Finland]] || [[Image:Finland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[France]] || [[Image:Armoiries-fr.jpg|120px]] |- |} ==G== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Gabon]] || [[Image:Gabonarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gambia]] || [[Image:Gambiaarms21.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] || [[Image:Georgian_COA.jpg|140px]] |- | [[Ghana]] || [[Image:Ghanaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Greece]] || [[Image:Greece_coa.png|120px|Greece Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Grenada]] || [[Image:Grenadaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Guatemala]] || [[Image:GUAcoat.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Guernsey]] || [[Image:Guernsey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Guernsey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Gine]] || [[Image:Guineaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gine-Bisau]] || [[Image:Coaguinea-bissau.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] || [[Image:Equatorial Guinea coa.png|120px|Equatorial Guinea COA]] |- | [[Guyana]] || [[Image:Guyana_coa.png|120px]] |} ==H== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Haiti]] || [[Image:Haiti_coat_of_arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Holanda]] || [[Image:Arms_netherlands_small.gif|120px|Netherlands Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Honduras]] || [[Image:Honduras_COA.gif|120px|Honduras COA]] |- | [[Hungary]] || [[Image:Hungary_COA.jpg|center|120px]] |} ==I== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Iceland]] || [[Image:ISLcoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[India]] || [[Image:EmblemofIndia-small.png|center]] |- | [[Indonesia]] || [[Image:Indonesiacoatofarms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Iran]] || [[Image:Iran_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Iraq]] || [[Image:Iraq-COA.png|120px]] |- | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] || [[Image:Ireland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Isle of Man]] || [[Image:Isle of Man Arms Small.png|120px|Isle of Man Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Israel]] || [[Image:Israel-coa-medium.png|120px]] |- | [[Italy]] || [[Image:Italian_coa.png|120px|Italian COA]] |} ==J== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Japan]] || [[Image:Japan_coa.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[National and Imperial Seal]]''</small> |- | [[Jersey]] || [[Image:Jersey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Jersey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Jordan]] || [[Image:Hashemitearms.jpg|120px|Coat of Arms of Jordan]] |} ==K== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Kamerun]] || [[Image:Cameroon coa.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Kanadá]] || [[Image:Bigcancoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kazakhstan]] || [[image:Embelm_KZ.png|120px]] |- | [[Kiribati]] || [[Image:Kiribaticoa.gif|120px]] |- | [[North Korea]] || [[Image:North_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[South Korea]] || [[Image:South_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Komori]] || [[Image:Comoros_coat_of_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] || [[Image:Congocofarms2.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] || [[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kotdivuar]] || [[Image:Coa cote d ivory.jpg||120px]] |- | [[Kuwait]] || [[Image:KUW-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kyrgyzstan]] || [[Image:Kyrgyziarms.gif|120px]] |} ==L== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Laos]] || [[Image:Laos_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Latvia]] || [[Image:Latvijas lielais gerbonis.gif|140px]] |- | [[Lebanon]] || [[Image:Lebanese_COA.png|120px|Lebanese COA]] |- | [[Lesotho]] || [[Image:Lesothoarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Liberia]] || [[Image:Lib-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Libîya]] || [[Image:Libyseal.gif|120px|Libya Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Liechtenstein]] || [[Image:Liechtenstein_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Lithuania]] || [[Image:Lithuanian_vytis.png|120px]] |- | [[Luksambur]] || [[Image:Luxarms.gif|center|120px]] |} ==M== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| (Former Yugoslav) <br> [[Republic of Macedonia]] || [[Image:Grb.gif|120px|Macedonia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Madagascar]] || [[Image:Madagascar_COA.png|120px|Madagasar COA]] |- | [[Malawi]] || [[Image:Malawiarms20.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Malaysia]] || [[Image:Malaysia_Coat_of_Arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Maldives]] || [[Image:Maldives-emblem.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mali]] || [[Image:Maliarms22.PNG]] |- | [[Malta]] || [[Image:Malta_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Marshall Islands]] || [[Image:Marshall_Islands_COA.gif|120px|Marshall Islands COA]] |- | [[Moritani]] || [[Image:maurarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Mauritius]] || [[Image:Mauritius_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mexico]] || [[Image:Mexico_coat_of_arms_(small).png|120px]] |- | [[Federated States of Micronesia]] || [[Image:Micronesie_COA.gif|120px|Micronesia COA]] |- | [[Moldova]] || [[Image:Mda_coa.gif|120px|Moldova Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Monaco]] || [[Image:Monaco_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mongolia]] || [[Image:Suld.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mozambiki]] || [[Image:Mozambique_COA.png|120px|Coat of arms of Mozambique]] |- | [[Myanmar]] || [[Image:Myanmar_COA.gif|120px|Coat of arms of Myanmar]] |} ==N== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Namibia]] || [[Image:Namibia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nauru]] || [[Image:Nauru_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nepal]] || [[Image:Nepal_COA.gif|120px|Nepal COA]] |- | [[New Zealand]] || [[Image:New_zealand_coa.png|120px|New Zealand COA]] |- | [[Nicaragua]] || [[Image:Nicaragua-coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Nijer]] || [[Image:Nigerarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Nijéria]] || [[Image:Nigeriaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Norway]] || [[Image:Norway_coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==O== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Omani]] || [[Image:Khanjar.gif|120px]] |- | [[Ostralía]] || [[Image:Aust Coat of Arms (large).jpg|120px]] |- | [[Otrishi]] || [[Image:Austria coat of arms.png|120px]] |- |} ==P== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Pakistan]] || [[Image:Pakarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Palau]] ||[http://www.bdarop.com/images/Officials/Executive/execseal.gif] This is the Exectutive<br> Seal, but is close in form<br> to the National Arms. |- | [[Panama]] || [[Image:Escudo_armas_Panama.PNG|120px|Panama COA]] |- | [[Papua New Guinea]] || [[Image:PapuaNewGuinea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Paraguay]] || [[Image:Paraguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Peru]] || [[Image:Coa_Peru.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Philippines]] || [[Image:Philippine_coat-of-arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Poland]] || [[Image:Herb Polski.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Poland]] |- | [[Pulutugal]] || [[Image:Portugal_coa.png|120px]] |} ==Q== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Qatar]] ||[http://www.qatarembassy.net/headerBanner.jpg] Seal is on left. |} ==R== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Romania]] || [[Image:Coa_romania.png|120px]] |- | [[Russia]] || [[Image:Russia_coa.png|120px]] |- |} ==S== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] || [[Image:skitts22.PNG|120px|Saint Kitts and Nevis: Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Saint Lucia]] || [[Image:St_lucia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] || [[Image:Svincent22.PNG|center|75px]] |- | [[San Salvador]] || [[Image:El Salvador coa.gif|120px|El Salvador COA]] |- | [[Samoa]] || [[Image:Westasmarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[San Marino]] || [[Image:Smarino.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] || [[Image:Saoprinarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Saudi Arabia]] || [[Image:Saudi coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Scotland]] || [[Image:Scottish royal coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Sénégal]] || [[Image:Senegal_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Serbia and Montenegro]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.png|120px|Serbia and Montenegro Caot of Arms]] |- | [[Seyshel]] || [[Image:Seychelles_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sierra Leone]] || [[Image:SLECOA.gif|120px|Sierra Leone Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Sidafrika]] || [[Image:Za-coa.gif]] |- | [[Singapore]] || [[Image:Symbol_crest.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovakia]] || [[Image:Slovakia_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovenia]] || [[Image:Slovenia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Solomon Islands]] || [[Image:Solomon_Islands_coat_of_arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Spain]] || [[Image:Spain_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sri Lanka]] || [[Image:Sri_lanka_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sudani]] || [[Image:Sudan_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Suriname]] || [[Image:Suriname_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Swaziland]] || [[Image:Swazicoa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sweden]] || [[Image:Sweden_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Swisi]] || [[Image:Switzerland_CoA.png|120px]] |- | [[Syria]] || [[Image:Syrlogo.jpg|120px]] |} ==T== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| Taiwan ([[Republic of China]]) || [[Image:Republic_of_China_National_Emblem.png|120px|National Emblem of the Republic of China]] |- | [[Tajikistan]] || [[Image:Coa tajikistan.jpg|120px]] | [[Thailand]] || [[Image:Thailand_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Togo]] || [[Image:Togoarms22.PNG|center|120px]] |- | [[Tonga]] || [[Image:Tongaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Trinidad and Tobago]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms_Trinidad_and_Tobago.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tshad]] || [[Image:Chad_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tunisia]] || [[Image:Armes_tunisie.jpg|120px|Tunisia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Turkey]] || Turkey has no<br> recognized or <br>established<br> national coat<br> of arms |- | [[Turkmenistan]] || [[Image:Turkmenistan coa.jpg|120px|Turkmenistan Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Tuvalu]] || [[Image:Tuvalu-coa.jpg|120px]] |} ==U== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| | [[Ukraine]] || [[Image:Ukraine_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[United Arab Emirates]] || [[Image:NationalArmsofUAE.png|120px]] |- | [[United Kingdom]] || [[Image:UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[United States]] || [[Image:Great Seal of the US.png|120px|Great Seal of the U.S.]] |- | [[Uruguay]] || [[Image:Uruguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Uzbekistan]] || [[Image:Uzbekistan coa.png|120px|Uzbekistan Coat of Arms]] |} ==V== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Vanuatu]] || [[Image:Vanuatu_coat_of_arms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Vatican City]] || [[Image:Vatican_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Venezuela]] || [[Image:Venezuela_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Vietnami]] || [[Image:Viet-coa.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==W== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Western Sahara]] ([[Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic]]) || [[Image:Lambang_sahara_barat.png]] |- |} ==Y== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Yemen]] || [[Image:Yemencoa.jpg|120px]] |} ==Z== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Zambia]] || [[Image:Zambian_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px|center]] |- |} [[Category:Ba almwali ya bisé|*]] [[en:List of national coats of arms]] [[it:Elenco di stemmi nazionali]] [[nl:Wapenschilden van de wereld]] [[pl:God&#322;a pa&#324;stw &#347;wiata]] [[sk:Gal&#233;ria &#353;t&#225;tnych znakov]] [[sv:Lista över riksvapen]] 7708 2006-02-10T01:29:30Z 84.131.214.110 /* Z */ {{Nationalflags}} __NOTOC__ {{compactTOC2}} ==A== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Afganistani]] || [[Image:COA Afghanistan.png|120px]] |- | [[Albania]] || [[Image:Albania_state_emblem.png|120px|center]] |- | [[Aljeria]] || [[Image:Algeria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Alémani]] || [[Image:Bundesadler.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[Bundesadler]]'' (Federal Eagle)</small> |- | [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] || [[Image:morarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Andorra]] || [[Image:Andorra_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Angóla]] || [[Image:Coaofangola.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Antigua and Barbuda]] || [[Image:Antigua_and_barbuda_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Argentina]] || [[Image:Argentina_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Armenia]] || [[Image:Armenia-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Azerbaijan]] || [[Image:Azerbaijan coa.png|120px|]] |- |} ==B== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Bahamas]] || [[Image:Bahamas_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bahrain]] || [[Bahrain coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bangladesh]] || [[Image:Bangladesh_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Barbados]] || [[Image:Barbados_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Belarus]] || [[Image:Belarus_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] || [[Image:Belgium_coat_of_arms_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Belize]] || [[Image:Belize_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bénin]] || [[Image:Benin.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bhutan]] || [[Image:Bhutan_emblem.png|120px]] |- | [[Bolivia]] || [[Image:BoliviaArms.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] || [[Image:Bosnia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Botswana]] || [[Image:Bostwanaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Brazil]] || [[Image:Brazil_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Brunei]] || [[Image:Bx-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bulgaria]] || [[Image:Bulgaria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Burkina Faso]] || [[Image:Burkinaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==C== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Cambodia]] || [[Image:Coa cambodia.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Cape Verde]] || [[Image:Capeverdearms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Central African Republic]] || [[Image:Centralaf22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Chile]] || [[Image:Shield_cl.gif|120px]] |- | [[People's Republic of China]] || [[Image:PRC coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Colombia]] || [[Image:Colombia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Costa Rica]] || [[Image:CostaRica_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Croatia]] || [[Image:Croatian Coat of Arms.svg|120px]] |- | [[Cuba]] || [[Image:Cuba_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Cyprus]] || [[Image:Cyprus_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Czech Republic]] || [[Image:Czech_coatofarms.jpg|120px]] |} ==D== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Denmark]] || [[Image:The_small_Danish_Coat_of_Arms.jpg|120px]] |- |- | [[Dominica]] || [[Image:Dominica23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Dominican Republic]] || [[Image:Dominican_republic_coa.gif|120px]] |} ==E== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[East Timor]] || [[Image:East_timor_coa.png|120px|East Timor COA]] |- | [[Ekwateli]] || [[Image:Ecuador COA.jpg|120px|Ecuador COA]] |- | [[Ejipti]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Egypt.png|120px|Golden Eagle - Egypt Coat Of Arms]] |- | [[Estonia]] || [[Image:Estonia coat-of-arms.jpg|100px|120px|Estonia COA]] |- |} ==F== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Fiji]] || [[Image:Fij-coa.gif|120px]] |- | [[Finland]] || [[Image:Finland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[France]] || [[Image:Armoiries-fr.jpg|120px]] |- |} ==G== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Gabon]] || [[Image:Gabonarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gambia]] || [[Image:Gambiaarms21.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] || [[Image:Georgian_COA.jpg|140px]] |- | [[Ghana]] || [[Image:Ghanaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Greece]] || [[Image:Greece_coa.png|120px|Greece Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Grenada]] || [[Image:Grenadaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Guatemala]] || [[Image:GUAcoat.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Guernsey]] || [[Image:Guernsey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Guernsey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Gine]] || [[Image:Guineaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gine-Bisau]] || [[Image:Coaguinea-bissau.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] || [[Image:Equatorial Guinea coa.png|120px|Equatorial Guinea COA]] |- | [[Guyana]] || [[Image:Guyana_coa.png|120px]] |} ==H== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Haiti]] || [[Image:Haiti_coat_of_arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Holanda]] || [[Image:Arms_netherlands_small.gif|120px|Netherlands Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Honduras]] || [[Image:Honduras_COA.gif|120px|Honduras COA]] |- | [[Hungary]] || [[Image:Hungary_COA.jpg|center|120px]] |} ==I== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Iceland]] || [[Image:ISLcoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[India]] || [[Image:EmblemofIndia-small.png|center]] |- | [[Indonesia]] || [[Image:Indonesiacoatofarms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Iran]] || [[Image:Iran_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Iraq]] || [[Image:Iraq-COA.png|120px]] |- | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] || [[Image:Ireland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Isle of Man]] || [[Image:Isle of Man Arms Small.png|120px|Isle of Man Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Israel]] || [[Image:Israel-coa-medium.png|120px]] |- | [[Italy]] || [[Image:Italian_coa.png|120px|Italian COA]] |} ==J== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Japan]] || [[Image:Japan_coa.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[National and Imperial Seal]]''</small> |- | [[Jersey]] || [[Image:Jersey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Jersey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Jordan]] || [[Image:Hashemitearms.jpg|120px|Coat of Arms of Jordan]] |} ==K== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Kamerun]] || [[Image:Cameroon coa.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Kanadá]] || [[Image:Bigcancoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kazakhstan]] || [[image:Embelm_KZ.png|120px]] |- | [[Kiribati]] || [[Image:Kiribaticoa.gif|120px]] |- | [[North Korea]] || [[Image:North_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[South Korea]] || [[Image:South_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Komori]] || [[Image:Comoros_coat_of_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] || [[Image:Congocofarms2.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] || [[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kotdivuar]] || [[Image:Coa cote d ivory.jpg||120px]] |- | [[Kuwait]] || [[Image:KUW-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kyrgyzstan]] || [[Image:Kyrgyziarms.gif|120px]] |} ==L== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Laos]] || [[Image:Laos_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Latvia]] || [[Image:Latvijas lielais gerbonis.gif|140px]] |- | [[Lebanon]] || [[Image:Lebanese_COA.png|120px|Lebanese COA]] |- | [[Lesotho]] || [[Image:Lesothoarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Liberia]] || [[Image:Lib-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Libîya]] || [[Image:Libyseal.gif|120px|Libya Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Liechtenstein]] || [[Image:Liechtenstein_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Lithuania]] || [[Image:Lithuanian_vytis.png|120px]] |- | [[Luksambur]] || [[Image:Luxarms.gif|center|120px]] |} ==M== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| (Former Yugoslav) <br> [[Republic of Macedonia]] || [[Image:Grb.gif|120px|Macedonia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Madagascar]] || [[Image:Madagascar_COA.png|120px|Madagasar COA]] |- | [[Malawi]] || [[Image:Malawiarms20.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Malaysia]] || [[Image:Malaysia_Coat_of_Arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Maldives]] || [[Image:Maldives-emblem.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mali]] || [[Image:Maliarms22.PNG]] |- | [[Malta]] || [[Image:Malta_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Marshall Islands]] || [[Image:Marshall_Islands_COA.gif|120px|Marshall Islands COA]] |- | [[Moritani]] || [[Image:maurarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Mauritius]] || [[Image:Mauritius_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mexico]] || [[Image:Mexico_coat_of_arms_(small).png|120px]] |- | [[Federated States of Micronesia]] || [[Image:Micronesie_COA.gif|120px|Micronesia COA]] |- | [[Moldova]] || [[Image:Mda_coa.gif|120px|Moldova Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Monaco]] || [[Image:Monaco_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mongolia]] || [[Image:Suld.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mozambiki]] || [[Image:Mozambique_COA.png|120px|Coat of arms of Mozambique]] |- | [[Myanmar]] || [[Image:Myanmar_COA.gif|120px|Coat of arms of Myanmar]] |} ==N== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Namibia]] || [[Image:Namibia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nauru]] || [[Image:Nauru_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nepal]] || [[Image:Nepal_COA.gif|120px|Nepal COA]] |- | [[New Zealand]] || [[Image:New_zealand_coa.png|120px|New Zealand COA]] |- | [[Nicaragua]] || [[Image:Nicaragua-coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Nijer]] || [[Image:Nigerarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Nijéria]] || [[Image:Nigeriaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Norway]] || [[Image:Norway_coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==O== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Omani]] || [[Image:Khanjar.gif|120px]] |- | [[Ostralía]] || [[Image:Aust Coat of Arms (large).jpg|120px]] |- | [[Otrishi]] || [[Image:Austria coat of arms.png|120px]] |- |} ==P== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Pakistan]] || [[Image:Pakarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Palau]] ||[http://www.bdarop.com/images/Officials/Executive/execseal.gif] This is the Exectutive<br> Seal, but is close in form<br> to the National Arms. |- | [[Panama]] || [[Image:Escudo_armas_Panama.PNG|120px|Panama COA]] |- | [[Papua New Guinea]] || [[Image:PapuaNewGuinea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Paraguay]] || [[Image:Paraguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Peru]] || [[Image:Coa_Peru.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Philippines]] || [[Image:Philippine_coat-of-arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Poland]] || [[Image:Herb Polski.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Poland]] |- | [[Pulutugal]] || [[Image:Portugal_coa.png|120px]] |} ==Q== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Qatar]] ||[http://www.qatarembassy.net/headerBanner.jpg] Seal is on left. |} ==R== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Romania]] || [[Image:Coa_romania.png|120px]] |- | [[Russia]] || [[Image:Russia_coa.png|120px]] |- |} ==S== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] || [[Image:skitts22.PNG|120px|Saint Kitts and Nevis: Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Saint Lucia]] || [[Image:St_lucia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] || [[Image:Svincent22.PNG|center|75px]] |- | [[San Salvador]] || [[Image:El Salvador coa.gif|120px|El Salvador COA]] |- | [[Samoa]] || [[Image:Westasmarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[San Marino]] || [[Image:Smarino.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] || [[Image:Saoprinarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Saudi Arabia]] || [[Image:Saudi coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Scotland]] || [[Image:Scottish royal coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Sénégal]] || [[Image:Senegal_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Serbia and Montenegro]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.png|120px|Serbia and Montenegro Caot of Arms]] |- | [[Seyshel]] || [[Image:Seychelles_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sierra Leone]] || [[Image:SLECOA.gif|120px|Sierra Leone Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Sidafrika]] || [[Image:Za-coa.gif]] |- | [[Singapore]] || [[Image:Symbol_crest.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovakia]] || [[Image:Slovakia_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovenia]] || [[Image:Slovenia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Solomon Islands]] || [[Image:Solomon_Islands_coat_of_arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Spain]] || [[Image:Spain_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sri Lanka]] || [[Image:Sri_lanka_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sudani]] || [[Image:Sudan_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Suriname]] || [[Image:Suriname_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Swaziland]] || [[Image:Swazicoa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sweden]] || [[Image:Sweden_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Swisi]] || [[Image:Switzerland_CoA.png|120px]] |- | [[Syria]] || [[Image:Syrlogo.jpg|120px]] |} ==T== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| Taiwan ([[Republic of China]]) || [[Image:Republic_of_China_National_Emblem.png|120px|National Emblem of the Republic of China]] |- | [[Tajikistan]] || [[Image:Coa tajikistan.jpg|120px]] | [[Thailand]] || [[Image:Thailand_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Togo]] || [[Image:Togoarms22.PNG|center|120px]] |- | [[Tonga]] || [[Image:Tongaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Trinidad and Tobago]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms_Trinidad_and_Tobago.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tshad]] || [[Image:Chad_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tunisia]] || [[Image:Armes_tunisie.jpg|120px|Tunisia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Turkey]] || Turkey has no<br> recognized or <br>established<br> national coat<br> of arms |- | [[Turkmenistan]] || [[Image:Turkmenistan coa.jpg|120px|Turkmenistan Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Tuvalu]] || [[Image:Tuvalu-coa.jpg|120px]] |} ==U== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| | [[Ukraine]] || [[Image:Ukraine_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[United Arab Emirates]] || [[Image:NationalArmsofUAE.png|120px]] |- | [[United Kingdom]] || [[Image:UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[United States]] || [[Image:Great Seal of the US.png|120px|Great Seal of the U.S.]] |- | [[Uruguay]] || [[Image:Uruguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Uzbekistan]] || [[Image:Uzbekistan coa.png|120px|Uzbekistan Coat of Arms]] |} ==V== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Vanuatu]] || [[Image:Vanuatu_coat_of_arms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Vatican City]] || [[Image:Vatican_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Venezuela]] || [[Image:Venezuela_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Vietnami]] || [[Image:Viet-coa.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==W== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Western Sahara]] ([[Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic]]) || [[Image:Lambang_sahara_barat.png]] |- |} ==Y== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Yemen]] || [[Image:Yemencoa.jpg|120px]] |} ==Z== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Zambia]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms of Zambia.png|120px|center]] |- |} [[Category:Ba almwali ya bisé|*]] [[en:List of national coats of arms]] [[it:Elenco di stemmi nazionali]] [[nl:Wapenschilden van de wereld]] [[pl:God&#322;a pa&#324;stw &#347;wiata]] [[sk:Gal&#233;ria &#353;t&#225;tnych znakov]] [[sv:Lista över riksvapen]] 7710 2006-02-11T10:28:53Z 134.91.234.7 /* J */ coat of arms under new name on commons {{Nationalflags}} __NOTOC__ {{compactTOC2}} ==A== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Afganistani]] || [[Image:COA Afghanistan.png|120px]] |- | [[Albania]] || [[Image:Albania_state_emblem.png|120px|center]] |- | [[Aljeria]] || [[Image:Algeria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Alémani]] || [[Image:Bundesadler.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[Bundesadler]]'' (Federal Eagle)</small> |- | [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] || [[Image:morarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Andorra]] || [[Image:Andorra_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Angóla]] || [[Image:Coaofangola.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Antigua and Barbuda]] || [[Image:Antigua_and_barbuda_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Argentina]] || [[Image:Argentina_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Armenia]] || [[Image:Armenia-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Azerbaijan]] || [[Image:Azerbaijan coa.png|120px|]] |- |} ==B== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Bahamas]] || [[Image:Bahamas_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bahrain]] || [[Bahrain coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bangladesh]] || [[Image:Bangladesh_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Barbados]] || [[Image:Barbados_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Belarus]] || [[Image:Belarus_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] || [[Image:Belgium_coat_of_arms_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Belize]] || [[Image:Belize_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bénin]] || [[Image:Benin.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bhutan]] || [[Image:Bhutan_emblem.png|120px]] |- | [[Bolivia]] || [[Image:BoliviaArms.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] || [[Image:Bosnia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Botswana]] || [[Image:Bostwanaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Brazil]] || [[Image:Brazil_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Brunei]] || [[Image:Bx-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bulgaria]] || [[Image:Bulgaria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Burkina Faso]] || [[Image:Burkinaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==C== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Cambodia]] || [[Image:Coa cambodia.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Cape Verde]] || [[Image:Capeverdearms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Central African Republic]] || [[Image:Centralaf22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Chile]] || [[Image:Shield_cl.gif|120px]] |- | [[People's Republic of China]] || [[Image:PRC coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Colombia]] || [[Image:Colombia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Costa Rica]] || [[Image:CostaRica_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Croatia]] || [[Image:Croatian Coat of Arms.svg|120px]] |- | [[Cuba]] || [[Image:Cuba_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Cyprus]] || [[Image:Cyprus_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Czech Republic]] || [[Image:Czech_coatofarms.jpg|120px]] |} ==D== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Denmark]] || [[Image:The_small_Danish_Coat_of_Arms.jpg|120px]] |- |- | [[Dominica]] || [[Image:Dominica23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Dominican Republic]] || [[Image:Dominican_republic_coa.gif|120px]] |} ==E== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[East Timor]] || [[Image:East_timor_coa.png|120px|East Timor COA]] |- | [[Ekwateli]] || [[Image:Ecuador COA.jpg|120px|Ecuador COA]] |- | [[Ejipti]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Egypt.png|120px|Golden Eagle - Egypt Coat Of Arms]] |- | [[Estonia]] || [[Image:Estonia coat-of-arms.jpg|100px|120px|Estonia COA]] |- |} ==F== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Fiji]] || [[Image:Fij-coa.gif|120px]] |- | [[Finland]] || [[Image:Finland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[France]] || [[Image:Armoiries-fr.jpg|120px]] |- |} ==G== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Gabon]] || [[Image:Gabonarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gambia]] || [[Image:Gambiaarms21.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] || [[Image:Georgian_COA.jpg|140px]] |- | [[Ghana]] || [[Image:Ghanaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Greece]] || [[Image:Greece_coa.png|120px|Greece Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Grenada]] || [[Image:Grenadaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Guatemala]] || [[Image:GUAcoat.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Guernsey]] || [[Image:Guernsey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Guernsey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Gine]] || [[Image:Guineaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gine-Bisau]] || [[Image:Coaguinea-bissau.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] || [[Image:Equatorial Guinea coa.png|120px|Equatorial Guinea COA]] |- | [[Guyana]] || [[Image:Guyana_coa.png|120px]] |} ==H== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Haiti]] || [[Image:Haiti_coat_of_arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Holanda]] || [[Image:Arms_netherlands_small.gif|120px|Netherlands Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Honduras]] || [[Image:Honduras_COA.gif|120px|Honduras COA]] |- | [[Hungary]] || [[Image:Hungary_COA.jpg|center|120px]] |} ==I== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Iceland]] || [[Image:ISLcoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[India]] || [[Image:EmblemofIndia-small.png|center]] |- | [[Indonesia]] || [[Image:Indonesiacoatofarms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Iran]] || [[Image:Iran_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Iraq]] || [[Image:Iraq-COA.png|120px]] |- | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] || [[Image:Ireland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Isle of Man]] || [[Image:Isle of Man Arms Small.png|120px|Isle of Man Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Israel]] || [[Image:Israel-coa-medium.png|120px]] |- | [[Italy]] || [[Image:Italian_coa.png|120px|Italian COA]] |} ==J== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Japan]] || [[Image:Japan_coa.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[National and Imperial Seal]]''</small> |- | [[Jersey]] || [[Image:Jersey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Jersey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Jordan]] || [[Image:Coat of Jordan.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Jordan]] |} ==K== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Kamerun]] || [[Image:Cameroon coa.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Kanadá]] || [[Image:Bigcancoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kazakhstan]] || [[image:Embelm_KZ.png|120px]] |- | [[Kiribati]] || [[Image:Kiribaticoa.gif|120px]] |- | [[North Korea]] || [[Image:North_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[South Korea]] || [[Image:South_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Komori]] || [[Image:Comoros_coat_of_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] || [[Image:Congocofarms2.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] || [[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kotdivuar]] || [[Image:Coa cote d ivory.jpg||120px]] |- | [[Kuwait]] || [[Image:KUW-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kyrgyzstan]] || [[Image:Kyrgyziarms.gif|120px]] |} ==L== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Laos]] || [[Image:Laos_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Latvia]] || [[Image:Latvijas lielais gerbonis.gif|140px]] |- | [[Lebanon]] || [[Image:Lebanese_COA.png|120px|Lebanese COA]] |- | [[Lesotho]] || [[Image:Lesothoarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Liberia]] || [[Image:Lib-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Libîya]] || [[Image:Libyseal.gif|120px|Libya Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Liechtenstein]] || [[Image:Liechtenstein_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Lithuania]] || [[Image:Lithuanian_vytis.png|120px]] |- | [[Luksambur]] || [[Image:Luxarms.gif|center|120px]] |} ==M== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| (Former Yugoslav) <br> [[Republic of Macedonia]] || [[Image:Grb.gif|120px|Macedonia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Madagascar]] || [[Image:Madagascar_COA.png|120px|Madagasar COA]] |- | [[Malawi]] || [[Image:Malawiarms20.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Malaysia]] || [[Image:Malaysia_Coat_of_Arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Maldives]] || [[Image:Maldives-emblem.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mali]] || [[Image:Maliarms22.PNG]] |- | [[Malta]] || [[Image:Malta_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Marshall Islands]] || [[Image:Marshall_Islands_COA.gif|120px|Marshall Islands COA]] |- | [[Moritani]] || [[Image:maurarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Mauritius]] || [[Image:Mauritius_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mexico]] || [[Image:Mexico_coat_of_arms_(small).png|120px]] |- | [[Federated States of Micronesia]] || [[Image:Micronesie_COA.gif|120px|Micronesia COA]] |- | [[Moldova]] || [[Image:Mda_coa.gif|120px|Moldova Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Monaco]] || [[Image:Monaco_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mongolia]] || [[Image:Suld.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mozambiki]] || [[Image:Mozambique_COA.png|120px|Coat of arms of Mozambique]] |- | [[Myanmar]] || [[Image:Myanmar_COA.gif|120px|Coat of arms of Myanmar]] |} ==N== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Namibia]] || [[Image:Namibia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nauru]] || [[Image:Nauru_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nepal]] || [[Image:Nepal_COA.gif|120px|Nepal COA]] |- | [[New Zealand]] || [[Image:New_zealand_coa.png|120px|New Zealand COA]] |- | [[Nicaragua]] || [[Image:Nicaragua-coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Nijer]] || [[Image:Nigerarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Nijéria]] || [[Image:Nigeriaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Norway]] || [[Image:Norway_coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==O== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Omani]] || [[Image:Khanjar.gif|120px]] |- | [[Ostralía]] || [[Image:Aust Coat of Arms (large).jpg|120px]] |- | [[Otrishi]] || [[Image:Austria coat of arms.png|120px]] |- |} ==P== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Pakistan]] || [[Image:Pakarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Palau]] ||[http://www.bdarop.com/images/Officials/Executive/execseal.gif] This is the Exectutive<br> Seal, but is close in form<br> to the National Arms. |- | [[Panama]] || [[Image:Escudo_armas_Panama.PNG|120px|Panama COA]] |- | [[Papua New Guinea]] || [[Image:PapuaNewGuinea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Paraguay]] || [[Image:Paraguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Peru]] || [[Image:Coa_Peru.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Philippines]] || [[Image:Philippine_coat-of-arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Poland]] || [[Image:Herb Polski.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Poland]] |- | [[Pulutugal]] || [[Image:Portugal_coa.png|120px]] |} ==Q== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Qatar]] ||[http://www.qatarembassy.net/headerBanner.jpg] Seal is on left. |} ==R== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Romania]] || [[Image:Coa_romania.png|120px]] |- | [[Russia]] || [[Image:Russia_coa.png|120px]] |- |} ==S== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] || [[Image:skitts22.PNG|120px|Saint Kitts and Nevis: Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Saint Lucia]] || [[Image:St_lucia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] || [[Image:Svincent22.PNG|center|75px]] |- | [[San Salvador]] || [[Image:El Salvador coa.gif|120px|El Salvador COA]] |- | [[Samoa]] || [[Image:Westasmarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[San Marino]] || [[Image:Smarino.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] || [[Image:Saoprinarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Saudi Arabia]] || [[Image:Saudi coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Scotland]] || [[Image:Scottish royal coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Sénégal]] || [[Image:Senegal_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Serbia and Montenegro]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.png|120px|Serbia and Montenegro Caot of Arms]] |- | [[Seyshel]] || [[Image:Seychelles_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sierra Leone]] || [[Image:SLECOA.gif|120px|Sierra Leone Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Sidafrika]] || [[Image:Za-coa.gif]] |- | [[Singapore]] || [[Image:Symbol_crest.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovakia]] || [[Image:Slovakia_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovenia]] || [[Image:Slovenia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Solomon Islands]] || [[Image:Solomon_Islands_coat_of_arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Spain]] || [[Image:Spain_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sri Lanka]] || [[Image:Sri_lanka_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sudani]] || [[Image:Sudan_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Suriname]] || [[Image:Suriname_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Swaziland]] || [[Image:Swazicoa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sweden]] || [[Image:Sweden_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Swisi]] || [[Image:Switzerland_CoA.png|120px]] |- | [[Syria]] || [[Image:Syrlogo.jpg|120px]] |} ==T== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| Taiwan ([[Republic of China]]) || [[Image:Republic_of_China_National_Emblem.png|120px|National Emblem of the Republic of China]] |- | [[Tajikistan]] || [[Image:Coa tajikistan.jpg|120px]] | [[Thailand]] || [[Image:Thailand_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Togo]] || [[Image:Togoarms22.PNG|center|120px]] |- | [[Tonga]] || [[Image:Tongaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Trinidad and Tobago]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms_Trinidad_and_Tobago.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tshad]] || [[Image:Chad_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tunisia]] || [[Image:Armes_tunisie.jpg|120px|Tunisia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Turkey]] || Turkey has no<br> recognized or <br>established<br> national coat<br> of arms |- | [[Turkmenistan]] || [[Image:Turkmenistan coa.jpg|120px|Turkmenistan Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Tuvalu]] || [[Image:Tuvalu-coa.jpg|120px]] |} ==U== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| | [[Ukraine]] || [[Image:Ukraine_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[United Arab Emirates]] || [[Image:NationalArmsofUAE.png|120px]] |- | [[United Kingdom]] || [[Image:UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[United States]] || [[Image:Great Seal of the US.png|120px|Great Seal of the U.S.]] |- | [[Uruguay]] || [[Image:Uruguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Uzbekistan]] || [[Image:Uzbekistan coa.png|120px|Uzbekistan Coat of Arms]] |} ==V== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Vanuatu]] || [[Image:Vanuatu_coat_of_arms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Vatican City]] || [[Image:Vatican_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Venezuela]] || [[Image:Venezuela_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Vietnami]] || [[Image:Viet-coa.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==W== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Western Sahara]] ([[Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic]]) || [[Image:Lambang_sahara_barat.png]] |- |} ==Y== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Yemen]] || [[Image:Yemencoa.jpg|120px]] |} ==Z== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Zambia]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms of Zambia.png|120px|center]] |- |} [[Category:Ba almwali ya bisé|*]] [[en:List of national coats of arms]] [[it:Elenco di stemmi nazionali]] [[nl:Wapenschilden van de wereld]] [[pl:God&#322;a pa&#324;stw &#347;wiata]] [[sk:Gal&#233;ria &#353;t&#225;tnych znakov]] [[sv:Lista över riksvapen]] 7724 2006-02-20T10:21:13Z 62.65.125.137 /* Y */ {{Nationalflags}} __NOTOC__ {{compactTOC2}} ==A== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Afganistani]] || [[Image:COA Afghanistan.png|120px]] |- | [[Albania]] || [[Image:Albania_state_emblem.png|120px|center]] |- | [[Aljeria]] || [[Image:Algeria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Alémani]] || [[Image:Bundesadler.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[Bundesadler]]'' (Federal Eagle)</small> |- | [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] || [[Image:morarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Andorra]] || [[Image:Andorra_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Angóla]] || [[Image:Coaofangola.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Antigua and Barbuda]] || [[Image:Antigua_and_barbuda_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Argentina]] || [[Image:Argentina_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Armenia]] || [[Image:Armenia-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Azerbaijan]] || [[Image:Azerbaijan coa.png|120px|]] |- |} ==B== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Bahamas]] || [[Image:Bahamas_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bahrain]] || [[Bahrain coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bangladesh]] || [[Image:Bangladesh_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Barbados]] || [[Image:Barbados_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Belarus]] || [[Image:Belarus_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] || [[Image:Belgium_coat_of_arms_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Belize]] || [[Image:Belize_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bénin]] || [[Image:Benin.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bhutan]] || [[Image:Bhutan_emblem.png|120px]] |- | [[Bolivia]] || [[Image:BoliviaArms.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] || [[Image:Bosnia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Botswana]] || [[Image:Bostwanaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Brazil]] || [[Image:Brazil_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Brunei]] || [[Image:Bx-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bulgaria]] || [[Image:Bulgaria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Burkina Faso]] || [[Image:Burkinaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==C== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Cambodia]] || [[Image:Coa cambodia.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Cape Verde]] || [[Image:Capeverdearms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Central African Republic]] || [[Image:Centralaf22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Chile]] || [[Image:Shield_cl.gif|120px]] |- | [[People's Republic of China]] || [[Image:PRC coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Colombia]] || [[Image:Colombia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Costa Rica]] || [[Image:CostaRica_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Croatia]] || [[Image:Croatian Coat of Arms.svg|120px]] |- | [[Cuba]] || [[Image:Cuba_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Cyprus]] || [[Image:Cyprus_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Czech Republic]] || [[Image:Czech_coatofarms.jpg|120px]] |} ==D== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Denmark]] || [[Image:The_small_Danish_Coat_of_Arms.jpg|120px]] |- |- | [[Dominica]] || [[Image:Dominica23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Dominican Republic]] || [[Image:Dominican_republic_coa.gif|120px]] |} ==E== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[East Timor]] || [[Image:East_timor_coa.png|120px|East Timor COA]] |- | [[Ekwateli]] || [[Image:Ecuador COA.jpg|120px|Ecuador COA]] |- | [[Ejipti]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Egypt.png|120px|Golden Eagle - Egypt Coat Of Arms]] |- | [[Estonia]] || [[Image:Estonia coat-of-arms.jpg|100px|120px|Estonia COA]] |- |} ==F== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Fiji]] || [[Image:Fij-coa.gif|120px]] |- | [[Finland]] || [[Image:Finland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[France]] || [[Image:Armoiries-fr.jpg|120px]] |- |} ==G== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Gabon]] || [[Image:Gabonarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gambia]] || [[Image:Gambiaarms21.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] || [[Image:Georgian_COA.jpg|140px]] |- | [[Ghana]] || [[Image:Ghanaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Greece]] || [[Image:Greece_coa.png|120px|Greece Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Grenada]] || [[Image:Grenadaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Guatemala]] || [[Image:GUAcoat.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Guernsey]] || [[Image:Guernsey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Guernsey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Gine]] || [[Image:Guineaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gine-Bisau]] || [[Image:Coaguinea-bissau.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] || [[Image:Equatorial Guinea coa.png|120px|Equatorial Guinea COA]] |- | [[Guyana]] || [[Image:Guyana_coa.png|120px]] |} ==H== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Haiti]] || [[Image:Haiti_coat_of_arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Holanda]] || [[Image:Arms_netherlands_small.gif|120px|Netherlands Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Honduras]] || [[Image:Honduras_COA.gif|120px|Honduras COA]] |- | [[Hungary]] || [[Image:Hungary_COA.jpg|center|120px]] |} ==I== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Iceland]] || [[Image:ISLcoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[India]] || [[Image:EmblemofIndia-small.png|center]] |- | [[Indonesia]] || [[Image:Indonesiacoatofarms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Iran]] || [[Image:Iran_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Iraq]] || [[Image:Iraq-COA.png|120px]] |- | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] || [[Image:Ireland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Isle of Man]] || [[Image:Isle of Man Arms Small.png|120px|Isle of Man Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Israel]] || [[Image:Israel-coa-medium.png|120px]] |- | [[Italy]] || [[Image:Italian_coa.png|120px|Italian COA]] |} ==J== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Japan]] || [[Image:Japan_coa.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[National and Imperial Seal]]''</small> |- | [[Jersey]] || [[Image:Jersey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Jersey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Jordan]] || [[Image:Coat of Jordan.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Jordan]] |} ==K== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Kamerun]] || [[Image:Cameroon coa.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Kanadá]] || [[Image:Bigcancoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kazakhstan]] || [[image:Embelm_KZ.png|120px]] |- | [[Kiribati]] || [[Image:Kiribaticoa.gif|120px]] |- | [[North Korea]] || [[Image:North_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[South Korea]] || [[Image:South_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Komori]] || [[Image:Comoros_coat_of_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] || [[Image:Congocofarms2.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] || [[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kotdivuar]] || [[Image:Coa cote d ivory.jpg||120px]] |- | [[Kuwait]] || [[Image:KUW-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kyrgyzstan]] || [[Image:Kyrgyziarms.gif|120px]] |} ==L== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Laos]] || [[Image:Laos_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Latvia]] || [[Image:Latvijas lielais gerbonis.gif|140px]] |- | [[Lebanon]] || [[Image:Lebanese_COA.png|120px|Lebanese COA]] |- | [[Lesotho]] || [[Image:Lesothoarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Liberia]] || [[Image:Lib-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Libîya]] || [[Image:Libyseal.gif|120px|Libya Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Liechtenstein]] || [[Image:Liechtenstein_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Lithuania]] || [[Image:Lithuanian_vytis.png|120px]] |- | [[Luksambur]] || [[Image:Luxarms.gif|center|120px]] |} ==M== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| (Former Yugoslav) <br> [[Republic of Macedonia]] || [[Image:Grb.gif|120px|Macedonia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Madagascar]] || [[Image:Madagascar_COA.png|120px|Madagasar COA]] |- | [[Malawi]] || [[Image:Malawiarms20.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Malaysia]] || [[Image:Malaysia_Coat_of_Arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Maldives]] || [[Image:Maldives-emblem.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mali]] || [[Image:Maliarms22.PNG]] |- | [[Malta]] || [[Image:Malta_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Marshall Islands]] || [[Image:Marshall_Islands_COA.gif|120px|Marshall Islands COA]] |- | [[Moritani]] || [[Image:maurarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Mauritius]] || [[Image:Mauritius_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mexico]] || [[Image:Mexico_coat_of_arms_(small).png|120px]] |- | [[Federated States of Micronesia]] || [[Image:Micronesie_COA.gif|120px|Micronesia COA]] |- | [[Moldova]] || [[Image:Mda_coa.gif|120px|Moldova Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Monaco]] || [[Image:Monaco_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mongolia]] || [[Image:Suld.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mozambiki]] || [[Image:Mozambique_COA.png|120px|Coat of arms of Mozambique]] |- | [[Myanmar]] || [[Image:Myanmar_COA.gif|120px|Coat of arms of Myanmar]] |} ==N== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Namibia]] || [[Image:Namibia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nauru]] || [[Image:Nauru_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nepal]] || [[Image:Nepal_COA.gif|120px|Nepal COA]] |- | [[New Zealand]] || [[Image:New_zealand_coa.png|120px|New Zealand COA]] |- | [[Nicaragua]] || [[Image:Nicaragua-coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Nijer]] || [[Image:Nigerarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Nijéria]] || [[Image:Nigeriaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Norway]] || [[Image:Norway_coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==O== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Omani]] || [[Image:Khanjar.gif|120px]] |- | [[Ostralía]] || [[Image:Aust Coat of Arms (large).jpg|120px]] |- | [[Otrishi]] || [[Image:Austria coat of arms.png|120px]] |- |} ==P== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Pakistan]] || [[Image:Pakarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Palau]] ||[http://www.bdarop.com/images/Officials/Executive/execseal.gif] This is the Exectutive<br> Seal, but is close in form<br> to the National Arms. |- | [[Panama]] || [[Image:Escudo_armas_Panama.PNG|120px|Panama COA]] |- | [[Papua New Guinea]] || [[Image:PapuaNewGuinea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Paraguay]] || [[Image:Paraguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Peru]] || [[Image:Coa_Peru.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Philippines]] || [[Image:Philippine_coat-of-arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Poland]] || [[Image:Herb Polski.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Poland]] |- | [[Pulutugal]] || [[Image:Portugal_coa.png|120px]] |} ==Q== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Qatar]] ||[http://www.qatarembassy.net/headerBanner.jpg] Seal is on left. |} ==R== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Romania]] || [[Image:Coa_romania.png|120px]] |- | [[Russia]] || [[Image:Russia_coa.png|120px]] |- |} ==S== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] || [[Image:skitts22.PNG|120px|Saint Kitts and Nevis: Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Saint Lucia]] || [[Image:St_lucia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] || [[Image:Svincent22.PNG|center|75px]] |- | [[San Salvador]] || [[Image:El Salvador coa.gif|120px|El Salvador COA]] |- | [[Samoa]] || [[Image:Westasmarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[San Marino]] || [[Image:Smarino.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] || [[Image:Saoprinarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Saudi Arabia]] || [[Image:Saudi coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Scotland]] || [[Image:Scottish royal coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Sénégal]] || [[Image:Senegal_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Serbia and Montenegro]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.png|120px|Serbia and Montenegro Caot of Arms]] |- | [[Seyshel]] || [[Image:Seychelles_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sierra Leone]] || [[Image:SLECOA.gif|120px|Sierra Leone Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Sidafrika]] || [[Image:Za-coa.gif]] |- | [[Singapore]] || [[Image:Symbol_crest.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovakia]] || [[Image:Slovakia_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovenia]] || [[Image:Slovenia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Solomon Islands]] || [[Image:Solomon_Islands_coat_of_arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Spain]] || [[Image:Spain_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sri Lanka]] || [[Image:Sri_lanka_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sudani]] || [[Image:Sudan_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Suriname]] || [[Image:Suriname_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Swaziland]] || [[Image:Swazicoa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sweden]] || [[Image:Sweden_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Swisi]] || [[Image:Switzerland_CoA.png|120px]] |- | [[Syria]] || [[Image:Syrlogo.jpg|120px]] |} ==T== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| Taiwan ([[Republic of China]]) || [[Image:Republic_of_China_National_Emblem.png|120px|National Emblem of the Republic of China]] |- | [[Tajikistan]] || [[Image:Coa tajikistan.jpg|120px]] | [[Thailand]] || [[Image:Thailand_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Togo]] || [[Image:Togoarms22.PNG|center|120px]] |- | [[Tonga]] || [[Image:Tongaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Trinidad and Tobago]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms_Trinidad_and_Tobago.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tshad]] || [[Image:Chad_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tunisia]] || [[Image:Armes_tunisie.jpg|120px|Tunisia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Turkey]] || Turkey has no<br> recognized or <br>established<br> national coat<br> of arms |- | [[Turkmenistan]] || [[Image:Turkmenistan coa.jpg|120px|Turkmenistan Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Tuvalu]] || [[Image:Tuvalu-coa.jpg|120px]] |} ==U== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| | [[Ukraine]] || [[Image:Ukraine_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[United Arab Emirates]] || [[Image:NationalArmsofUAE.png|120px]] |- | [[United Kingdom]] || [[Image:UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[United States]] || [[Image:Great Seal of the US.png|120px|Great Seal of the U.S.]] |- | [[Uruguay]] || [[Image:Uruguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Uzbekistan]] || [[Image:Uzbekistan coa.png|120px|Uzbekistan Coat of Arms]] |} ==V== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Vanuatu]] || [[Image:Vanuatu_coat_of_arms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Vatican City]] || [[Image:Vatican_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Venezuela]] || [[Image:Venezuela_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Vietnami]] || [[Image:Viet-coa.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==W== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Western Sahara]] ([[Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic]]) || [[Image:Lambang_sahara_barat.png]] |- |} ==Y== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Yemen]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Yemen.png|120px]] |} ==Z== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Zambia]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms of Zambia.png|120px|center]] |- |} [[Category:Ba almwali ya bisé|*]] [[en:List of national coats of arms]] [[it:Elenco di stemmi nazionali]] [[nl:Wapenschilden van de wereld]] [[pl:God&#322;a pa&#324;stw &#347;wiata]] [[sk:Gal&#233;ria &#353;t&#225;tnych znakov]] [[sv:Lista över riksvapen]] 7726 2006-02-20T18:45:33Z 62.65.125.137 /* S */ {{Nationalflags}} __NOTOC__ {{compactTOC2}} ==A== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Afganistani]] || [[Image:COA Afghanistan.png|120px]] |- | [[Albania]] || [[Image:Albania_state_emblem.png|120px|center]] |- | [[Aljeria]] || [[Image:Algeria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Alémani]] || [[Image:Bundesadler.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[Bundesadler]]'' (Federal Eagle)</small> |- | [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] || [[Image:morarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Andorra]] || [[Image:Andorra_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Angóla]] || [[Image:Coaofangola.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Antigua and Barbuda]] || [[Image:Antigua_and_barbuda_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Argentina]] || [[Image:Argentina_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Armenia]] || [[Image:Armenia-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Azerbaijan]] || [[Image:Azerbaijan coa.png|120px|]] |- |} ==B== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Bahamas]] || [[Image:Bahamas_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bahrain]] || [[Bahrain coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bangladesh]] || [[Image:Bangladesh_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Barbados]] || [[Image:Barbados_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Belarus]] || [[Image:Belarus_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] || [[Image:Belgium_coat_of_arms_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Belize]] || [[Image:Belize_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bénin]] || [[Image:Benin.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bhutan]] || [[Image:Bhutan_emblem.png|120px]] |- | [[Bolivia]] || [[Image:BoliviaArms.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] || [[Image:Bosnia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Botswana]] || [[Image:Bostwanaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Brazil]] || [[Image:Brazil_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Brunei]] || [[Image:Bx-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bulgaria]] || [[Image:Bulgaria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Burkina Faso]] || [[Image:Burkinaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==C== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Cambodia]] || [[Image:Coa cambodia.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Cape Verde]] || [[Image:Capeverdearms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Central African Republic]] || [[Image:Centralaf22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Chile]] || [[Image:Shield_cl.gif|120px]] |- | [[People's Republic of China]] || [[Image:PRC coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Colombia]] || [[Image:Colombia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Costa Rica]] || [[Image:CostaRica_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Croatia]] || [[Image:Croatian Coat of Arms.svg|120px]] |- | [[Cuba]] || [[Image:Cuba_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Cyprus]] || [[Image:Cyprus_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Czech Republic]] || [[Image:Czech_coatofarms.jpg|120px]] |} ==D== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Denmark]] || [[Image:The_small_Danish_Coat_of_Arms.jpg|120px]] |- |- | [[Dominica]] || [[Image:Dominica23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Dominican Republic]] || [[Image:Dominican_republic_coa.gif|120px]] |} ==E== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[East Timor]] || [[Image:East_timor_coa.png|120px|East Timor COA]] |- | [[Ekwateli]] || [[Image:Ecuador COA.jpg|120px|Ecuador COA]] |- | [[Ejipti]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Egypt.png|120px|Golden Eagle - Egypt Coat Of Arms]] |- | [[Estonia]] || [[Image:Estonia coat-of-arms.jpg|100px|120px|Estonia COA]] |- |} ==F== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Fiji]] || [[Image:Fij-coa.gif|120px]] |- | [[Finland]] || [[Image:Finland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[France]] || [[Image:Armoiries-fr.jpg|120px]] |- |} ==G== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Gabon]] || [[Image:Gabonarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gambia]] || [[Image:Gambiaarms21.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] || [[Image:Georgian_COA.jpg|140px]] |- | [[Ghana]] || [[Image:Ghanaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Greece]] || [[Image:Greece_coa.png|120px|Greece Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Grenada]] || [[Image:Grenadaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Guatemala]] || [[Image:GUAcoat.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Guernsey]] || [[Image:Guernsey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Guernsey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Gine]] || [[Image:Guineaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gine-Bisau]] || [[Image:Coaguinea-bissau.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] || [[Image:Equatorial Guinea coa.png|120px|Equatorial Guinea COA]] |- | [[Guyana]] || [[Image:Guyana_coa.png|120px]] |} ==H== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Haiti]] || [[Image:Haiti_coat_of_arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Holanda]] || [[Image:Arms_netherlands_small.gif|120px|Netherlands Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Honduras]] || [[Image:Honduras_COA.gif|120px|Honduras COA]] |- | [[Hungary]] || [[Image:Hungary_COA.jpg|center|120px]] |} ==I== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Iceland]] || [[Image:ISLcoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[India]] || [[Image:EmblemofIndia-small.png|center]] |- | [[Indonesia]] || [[Image:Indonesiacoatofarms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Iran]] || [[Image:Iran_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Iraq]] || [[Image:Iraq-COA.png|120px]] |- | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] || [[Image:Ireland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Isle of Man]] || [[Image:Isle of Man Arms Small.png|120px|Isle of Man Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Israel]] || [[Image:Israel-coa-medium.png|120px]] |- | [[Italy]] || [[Image:Italian_coa.png|120px|Italian COA]] |} ==J== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Japan]] || [[Image:Japan_coa.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[National and Imperial Seal]]''</small> |- | [[Jersey]] || [[Image:Jersey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Jersey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Jordan]] || [[Image:Coat of Jordan.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Jordan]] |} ==K== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Kamerun]] || [[Image:Cameroon coa.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Kanadá]] || [[Image:Bigcancoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kazakhstan]] || [[image:Embelm_KZ.png|120px]] |- | [[Kiribati]] || [[Image:Kiribaticoa.gif|120px]] |- | [[North Korea]] || [[Image:North_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[South Korea]] || [[Image:South_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Komori]] || [[Image:Comoros_coat_of_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] || [[Image:Congocofarms2.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] || [[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kotdivuar]] || [[Image:Coa cote d ivory.jpg||120px]] |- | [[Kuwait]] || [[Image:KUW-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kyrgyzstan]] || [[Image:Kyrgyziarms.gif|120px]] |} ==L== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Laos]] || [[Image:Laos_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Latvia]] || [[Image:Latvijas lielais gerbonis.gif|140px]] |- | [[Lebanon]] || [[Image:Lebanese_COA.png|120px|Lebanese COA]] |- | [[Lesotho]] || [[Image:Lesothoarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Liberia]] || [[Image:Lib-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Libîya]] || [[Image:Libyseal.gif|120px|Libya Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Liechtenstein]] || [[Image:Liechtenstein_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Lithuania]] || [[Image:Lithuanian_vytis.png|120px]] |- | [[Luksambur]] || [[Image:Luxarms.gif|center|120px]] |} ==M== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| (Former Yugoslav) <br> [[Republic of Macedonia]] || [[Image:Grb.gif|120px|Macedonia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Madagascar]] || [[Image:Madagascar_COA.png|120px|Madagasar COA]] |- | [[Malawi]] || [[Image:Malawiarms20.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Malaysia]] || [[Image:Malaysia_Coat_of_Arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Maldives]] || [[Image:Maldives-emblem.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mali]] || [[Image:Maliarms22.PNG]] |- | [[Malta]] || [[Image:Malta_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Marshall Islands]] || [[Image:Marshall_Islands_COA.gif|120px|Marshall Islands COA]] |- | [[Moritani]] || [[Image:maurarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Mauritius]] || [[Image:Mauritius_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mexico]] || [[Image:Mexico_coat_of_arms_(small).png|120px]] |- | [[Federated States of Micronesia]] || [[Image:Micronesie_COA.gif|120px|Micronesia COA]] |- | [[Moldova]] || [[Image:Mda_coa.gif|120px|Moldova Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Monaco]] || [[Image:Monaco_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mongolia]] || [[Image:Suld.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mozambiki]] || [[Image:Mozambique_COA.png|120px|Coat of arms of Mozambique]] |- | [[Myanmar]] || [[Image:Myanmar_COA.gif|120px|Coat of arms of Myanmar]] |} ==N== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Namibia]] || [[Image:Namibia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nauru]] || [[Image:Nauru_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nepal]] || [[Image:Nepal_COA.gif|120px|Nepal COA]] |- | [[New Zealand]] || [[Image:New_zealand_coa.png|120px|New Zealand COA]] |- | [[Nicaragua]] || [[Image:Nicaragua-coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Nijer]] || [[Image:Nigerarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Nijéria]] || [[Image:Nigeriaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Norway]] || [[Image:Norway_coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==O== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Omani]] || [[Image:Khanjar.gif|120px]] |- | [[Ostralía]] || [[Image:Aust Coat of Arms (large).jpg|120px]] |- | [[Otrishi]] || [[Image:Austria coat of arms.png|120px]] |- |} ==P== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Pakistan]] || [[Image:Pakarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Palau]] ||[http://www.bdarop.com/images/Officials/Executive/execseal.gif] This is the Exectutive<br> Seal, but is close in form<br> to the National Arms. |- | [[Panama]] || [[Image:Escudo_armas_Panama.PNG|120px|Panama COA]] |- | [[Papua New Guinea]] || [[Image:PapuaNewGuinea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Paraguay]] || [[Image:Paraguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Peru]] || [[Image:Coa_Peru.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Philippines]] || [[Image:Philippine_coat-of-arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Poland]] || [[Image:Herb Polski.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Poland]] |- | [[Pulutugal]] || [[Image:Portugal_coa.png|120px]] |} ==Q== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Qatar]] ||[http://www.qatarembassy.net/headerBanner.jpg] Seal is on left. |} ==R== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Romania]] || [[Image:Coa_romania.png|120px]] |- | [[Russia]] || [[Image:Russia_coa.png|120px]] |- |} ==S== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] || [[Image:skitts22.PNG|120px|Saint Kitts and Nevis: Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Saint Lucia]] || [[Image:St_lucia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] || [[Image:Svincent22.PNG|center|75px]] |- | [[San Salvador]] || [[Image:El Salvador coa.gif|120px|El Salvador COA]] |- | [[Samoa]] || [[Image:Westasmarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[San Marino]] || [[Image:Smarino.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] || [[Image:Saoprinarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Saudi Arabia]] || [[Image:Saudi coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Scotland]] || [[Image:Scottish royal coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Sénégal]] || [[Image:Senegal_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Serbia and Montenegro]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.png|120px|Serbia and Montenegro Caot of Arms]] |- | [[Seyshel]] || [[Image:Seychelles_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sierra Leone]] || [[Image:SLECOA.gif|120px|Sierra Leone Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Sidafrika]] || [[Image:Za-coa.gif]] |- | [[Singapore]] || [[Image:Symbol_crest.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovakia]] || [[Image:Slovakia_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovenia]] || [[Image:Slovenia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Solomon Islands]] || [[Image:Solomon_Islands_coat_of_arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Spain]] || [[Image:Spain_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sri Lanka]] || [[Image:Sri_lanka_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sudani]] || [[Image:Sudan_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Suriname]] || [[Image:Suriname_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Swaziland]] || [[Image:Swazicoa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sweden]] || [[Image:Sweden_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Swisi]] || [[Image:Switzerland_CoA.png|120px]] |- | [[Syria]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Syria.png|120px]] |} ==T== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| Taiwan ([[Republic of China]]) || [[Image:Republic_of_China_National_Emblem.png|120px|National Emblem of the Republic of China]] |- | [[Tajikistan]] || [[Image:Coa tajikistan.jpg|120px]] | [[Thailand]] || [[Image:Thailand_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Togo]] || [[Image:Togoarms22.PNG|center|120px]] |- | [[Tonga]] || [[Image:Tongaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Trinidad and Tobago]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms_Trinidad_and_Tobago.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tshad]] || [[Image:Chad_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tunisia]] || [[Image:Armes_tunisie.jpg|120px|Tunisia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Turkey]] || Turkey has no<br> recognized or <br>established<br> national coat<br> of arms |- | [[Turkmenistan]] || [[Image:Turkmenistan coa.jpg|120px|Turkmenistan Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Tuvalu]] || [[Image:Tuvalu-coa.jpg|120px]] |} ==U== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| | [[Ukraine]] || [[Image:Ukraine_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[United Arab Emirates]] || [[Image:NationalArmsofUAE.png|120px]] |- | [[United Kingdom]] || [[Image:UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[United States]] || [[Image:Great Seal of the US.png|120px|Great Seal of the U.S.]] |- | [[Uruguay]] || [[Image:Uruguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Uzbekistan]] || [[Image:Uzbekistan coa.png|120px|Uzbekistan Coat of Arms]] |} ==V== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Vanuatu]] || [[Image:Vanuatu_coat_of_arms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Vatican City]] || [[Image:Vatican_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Venezuela]] || [[Image:Venezuela_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Vietnami]] || [[Image:Viet-coa.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==W== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Western Sahara]] ([[Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic]]) || [[Image:Lambang_sahara_barat.png]] |- |} ==Y== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Yemen]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Yemen.png|120px]] |} ==Z== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Zambia]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms of Zambia.png|120px|center]] |- |} [[Category:Ba almwali ya bisé|*]] [[en:List of national coats of arms]] [[it:Elenco di stemmi nazionali]] [[nl:Wapenschilden van de wereld]] [[pl:God&#322;a pa&#324;stw &#347;wiata]] [[sk:Gal&#233;ria &#353;t&#225;tnych znakov]] [[sv:Lista över riksvapen]] 7788 2006-02-26T12:44:38Z 217.225.126.225 /* B */ {{Nationalflags}} __NOTOC__ {{compactTOC2}} ==A== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Afganistani]] || [[Image:COA Afghanistan.png|120px]] |- | [[Albania]] || [[Image:Albania_state_emblem.png|120px|center]] |- | [[Aljeria]] || [[Image:Algeria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Alémani]] || [[Image:Bundesadler.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[Bundesadler]]'' (Federal Eagle)</small> |- | [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] || [[Image:morarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Andorra]] || [[Image:Andorra_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Angóla]] || [[Image:Coaofangola.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Antigua and Barbuda]] || [[Image:Antigua_and_barbuda_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Argentina]] || [[Image:Argentina_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Armenia]] || [[Image:Armenia-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Azerbaijan]] || [[Image:Azerbaijan coa.png|120px|]] |- |} ==B== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Bahamas]] || [[Image:Bahamas_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bahrain]] || [[Bahrain coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bangladesh]] || [[Image:Bangladesh_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Barbados]] || [[Image:Barbados_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Belarus]] || [[Image:Belarus_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] || [[Image:Belgium_coat_of_arms_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Belize]] || [[Image:Belize_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bénin]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Benin.png|120px]] |- | [[Bhutan]] || [[Image:Bhutan_emblem.png|120px]] |- | [[Bolivia]] || [[Image:BoliviaArms.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] || [[Image:Bosnia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Botswana]] || [[Image:Bostwanaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Brazil]] || [[Image:Brazil_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Brunei]] || [[Image:Bx-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bulgaria]] || [[Image:Bulgaria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Burkina Faso]] || [[Image:Burkinaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==C== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Cambodia]] || [[Image:Coa cambodia.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Cape Verde]] || [[Image:Capeverdearms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Central African Republic]] || [[Image:Centralaf22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Chile]] || [[Image:Shield_cl.gif|120px]] |- | [[People's Republic of China]] || [[Image:PRC coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Colombia]] || [[Image:Colombia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Costa Rica]] || [[Image:CostaRica_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Croatia]] || [[Image:Croatian Coat of Arms.svg|120px]] |- | [[Cuba]] || [[Image:Cuba_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Cyprus]] || [[Image:Cyprus_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Czech Republic]] || [[Image:Czech_coatofarms.jpg|120px]] |} ==D== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Denmark]] || [[Image:The_small_Danish_Coat_of_Arms.jpg|120px]] |- |- | [[Dominica]] || [[Image:Dominica23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Dominican Republic]] || [[Image:Dominican_republic_coa.gif|120px]] |} ==E== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[East Timor]] || [[Image:East_timor_coa.png|120px|East Timor COA]] |- | [[Ekwateli]] || [[Image:Ecuador COA.jpg|120px|Ecuador COA]] |- | [[Ejipti]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Egypt.png|120px|Golden Eagle - Egypt Coat Of Arms]] |- | [[Estonia]] || [[Image:Estonia coat-of-arms.jpg|100px|120px|Estonia COA]] |- |} ==F== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Fiji]] || [[Image:Fij-coa.gif|120px]] |- | [[Finland]] || [[Image:Finland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[France]] || [[Image:Armoiries-fr.jpg|120px]] |- |} ==G== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Gabon]] || [[Image:Gabonarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gambia]] || [[Image:Gambiaarms21.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] || [[Image:Georgian_COA.jpg|140px]] |- | [[Ghana]] || [[Image:Ghanaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Greece]] || [[Image:Greece_coa.png|120px|Greece Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Grenada]] || [[Image:Grenadaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Guatemala]] || [[Image:GUAcoat.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Guernsey]] || [[Image:Guernsey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Guernsey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Gine]] || [[Image:Guineaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gine-Bisau]] || [[Image:Coaguinea-bissau.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] || [[Image:Equatorial Guinea coa.png|120px|Equatorial Guinea COA]] |- | [[Guyana]] || [[Image:Guyana_coa.png|120px]] |} ==H== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Haiti]] || [[Image:Haiti_coat_of_arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Holanda]] || [[Image:Arms_netherlands_small.gif|120px|Netherlands Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Honduras]] || [[Image:Honduras_COA.gif|120px|Honduras COA]] |- | [[Hungary]] || [[Image:Hungary_COA.jpg|center|120px]] |} ==I== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Iceland]] || [[Image:ISLcoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[India]] || [[Image:EmblemofIndia-small.png|center]] |- | [[Indonesia]] || [[Image:Indonesiacoatofarms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Iran]] || [[Image:Iran_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Iraq]] || [[Image:Iraq-COA.png|120px]] |- | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] || [[Image:Ireland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Isle of Man]] || [[Image:Isle of Man Arms Small.png|120px|Isle of Man Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Israel]] || [[Image:Israel-coa-medium.png|120px]] |- | [[Italy]] || [[Image:Italian_coa.png|120px|Italian COA]] |} ==J== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Japan]] || [[Image:Japan_coa.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[National and Imperial Seal]]''</small> |- | [[Jersey]] || [[Image:Jersey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Jersey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Jordan]] || [[Image:Coat of Jordan.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Jordan]] |} ==K== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Kamerun]] || [[Image:Cameroon coa.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Kanadá]] || [[Image:Bigcancoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kazakhstan]] || [[image:Embelm_KZ.png|120px]] |- | [[Kiribati]] || [[Image:Kiribaticoa.gif|120px]] |- | [[North Korea]] || [[Image:North_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[South Korea]] || [[Image:South_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Komori]] || [[Image:Comoros_coat_of_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] || [[Image:Congocofarms2.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] || [[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kotdivuar]] || [[Image:Coa cote d ivory.jpg||120px]] |- | [[Kuwait]] || [[Image:KUW-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kyrgyzstan]] || [[Image:Kyrgyziarms.gif|120px]] |} ==L== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Laos]] || [[Image:Laos_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Latvia]] || [[Image:Latvijas lielais gerbonis.gif|140px]] |- | [[Lebanon]] || [[Image:Lebanese_COA.png|120px|Lebanese COA]] |- | [[Lesotho]] || [[Image:Lesothoarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Liberia]] || [[Image:Lib-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Libîya]] || [[Image:Libyseal.gif|120px|Libya Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Liechtenstein]] || [[Image:Liechtenstein_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Lithuania]] || [[Image:Lithuanian_vytis.png|120px]] |- | [[Luksambur]] || [[Image:Luxarms.gif|center|120px]] |} ==M== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| (Former Yugoslav) <br> [[Republic of Macedonia]] || [[Image:Grb.gif|120px|Macedonia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Madagascar]] || [[Image:Madagascar_COA.png|120px|Madagasar COA]] |- | [[Malawi]] || [[Image:Malawiarms20.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Malaysia]] || [[Image:Malaysia_Coat_of_Arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Maldives]] || [[Image:Maldives-emblem.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mali]] || [[Image:Maliarms22.PNG]] |- | [[Malta]] || [[Image:Malta_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Marshall Islands]] || [[Image:Marshall_Islands_COA.gif|120px|Marshall Islands COA]] |- | [[Moritani]] || [[Image:maurarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Mauritius]] || [[Image:Mauritius_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mexico]] || [[Image:Mexico_coat_of_arms_(small).png|120px]] |- | [[Federated States of Micronesia]] || [[Image:Micronesie_COA.gif|120px|Micronesia COA]] |- | [[Moldova]] || [[Image:Mda_coa.gif|120px|Moldova Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Monaco]] || [[Image:Monaco_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mongolia]] || [[Image:Suld.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mozambiki]] || [[Image:Mozambique_COA.png|120px|Coat of arms of Mozambique]] |- | [[Myanmar]] || [[Image:Myanmar_COA.gif|120px|Coat of arms of Myanmar]] |} ==N== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Namibia]] || [[Image:Namibia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nauru]] || [[Image:Nauru_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nepal]] || [[Image:Nepal_COA.gif|120px|Nepal COA]] |- | [[New Zealand]] || [[Image:New_zealand_coa.png|120px|New Zealand COA]] |- | [[Nicaragua]] || [[Image:Nicaragua-coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Nijer]] || [[Image:Nigerarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Nijéria]] || [[Image:Nigeriaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Norway]] || [[Image:Norway_coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==O== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Omani]] || [[Image:Khanjar.gif|120px]] |- | [[Ostralía]] || [[Image:Aust Coat of Arms (large).jpg|120px]] |- | [[Otrishi]] || [[Image:Austria coat of arms.png|120px]] |- |} ==P== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Pakistan]] || [[Image:Pakarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Palau]] ||[http://www.bdarop.com/images/Officials/Executive/execseal.gif] This is the Exectutive<br> Seal, but is close in form<br> to the National Arms. |- | [[Panama]] || [[Image:Escudo_armas_Panama.PNG|120px|Panama COA]] |- | [[Papua New Guinea]] || [[Image:PapuaNewGuinea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Paraguay]] || [[Image:Paraguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Peru]] || [[Image:Coa_Peru.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Philippines]] || [[Image:Philippine_coat-of-arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Poland]] || [[Image:Herb Polski.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Poland]] |- | [[Pulutugal]] || [[Image:Portugal_coa.png|120px]] |} ==Q== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Qatar]] ||[http://www.qatarembassy.net/headerBanner.jpg] Seal is on left. |} ==R== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Romania]] || [[Image:Coa_romania.png|120px]] |- | [[Russia]] || [[Image:Russia_coa.png|120px]] |- |} ==S== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] || [[Image:skitts22.PNG|120px|Saint Kitts and Nevis: Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Saint Lucia]] || [[Image:St_lucia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] || [[Image:Svincent22.PNG|center|75px]] |- | [[San Salvador]] || [[Image:El Salvador coa.gif|120px|El Salvador COA]] |- | [[Samoa]] || [[Image:Westasmarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[San Marino]] || [[Image:Smarino.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] || [[Image:Saoprinarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Saudi Arabia]] || [[Image:Saudi coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Scotland]] || [[Image:Scottish royal coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Sénégal]] || [[Image:Senegal_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Serbia and Montenegro]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.png|120px|Serbia and Montenegro Caot of Arms]] |- | [[Seyshel]] || [[Image:Seychelles_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sierra Leone]] || [[Image:SLECOA.gif|120px|Sierra Leone Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Sidafrika]] || [[Image:Za-coa.gif]] |- | [[Singapore]] || [[Image:Symbol_crest.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovakia]] || [[Image:Slovakia_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovenia]] || [[Image:Slovenia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Solomon Islands]] || [[Image:Solomon_Islands_coat_of_arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Spain]] || [[Image:Spain_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sri Lanka]] || [[Image:Sri_lanka_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sudani]] || [[Image:Sudan_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Suriname]] || [[Image:Suriname_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Swaziland]] || [[Image:Swazicoa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sweden]] || [[Image:Sweden_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Swisi]] || [[Image:Switzerland_CoA.png|120px]] |- | [[Syria]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Syria.png|120px]] |} ==T== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| Taiwan ([[Republic of China]]) || [[Image:Republic_of_China_National_Emblem.png|120px|National Emblem of the Republic of China]] |- | [[Tajikistan]] || [[Image:Coa tajikistan.jpg|120px]] | [[Thailand]] || [[Image:Thailand_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Togo]] || [[Image:Togoarms22.PNG|center|120px]] |- | [[Tonga]] || [[Image:Tongaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Trinidad and Tobago]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms_Trinidad_and_Tobago.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tshad]] || [[Image:Chad_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tunisia]] || [[Image:Armes_tunisie.jpg|120px|Tunisia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Turkey]] || Turkey has no<br> recognized or <br>established<br> national coat<br> of arms |- | [[Turkmenistan]] || [[Image:Turkmenistan coa.jpg|120px|Turkmenistan Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Tuvalu]] || [[Image:Tuvalu-coa.jpg|120px]] |} ==U== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| | [[Ukraine]] || [[Image:Ukraine_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[United Arab Emirates]] || [[Image:NationalArmsofUAE.png|120px]] |- | [[United Kingdom]] || [[Image:UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[United States]] || [[Image:Great Seal of the US.png|120px|Great Seal of the U.S.]] |- | [[Uruguay]] || [[Image:Uruguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Uzbekistan]] || [[Image:Uzbekistan coa.png|120px|Uzbekistan Coat of Arms]] |} ==V== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Vanuatu]] || [[Image:Vanuatu_coat_of_arms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Vatican City]] || [[Image:Vatican_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Venezuela]] || [[Image:Venezuela_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Vietnami]] || [[Image:Viet-coa.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==W== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Western Sahara]] ([[Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic]]) || [[Image:Lambang_sahara_barat.png]] |- |} ==Y== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Yemen]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Yemen.png|120px]] |} ==Z== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Zambia]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms of Zambia.png|120px|center]] |- |} [[Category:Ba almwali ya bisé|*]] [[en:List of national coats of arms]] [[it:Elenco di stemmi nazionali]] [[nl:Wapenschilden van de wereld]] [[pl:God&#322;a pa&#324;stw &#347;wiata]] [[sk:Gal&#233;ria &#353;t&#225;tnych znakov]] [[sv:Lista över riksvapen]] 7789 2006-03-01T17:43:39Z 62.65.107.167 /* O */ {{Nationalflags}} __NOTOC__ {{compactTOC2}} ==A== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Afganistani]] || [[Image:COA Afghanistan.png|120px]] |- | [[Albania]] || [[Image:Albania_state_emblem.png|120px|center]] |- | [[Aljeria]] || [[Image:Algeria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Alémani]] || [[Image:Bundesadler.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[Bundesadler]]'' (Federal Eagle)</small> |- | [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] || [[Image:morarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Andorra]] || [[Image:Andorra_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Angóla]] || [[Image:Coaofangola.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Antigua and Barbuda]] || [[Image:Antigua_and_barbuda_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Argentina]] || [[Image:Argentina_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Armenia]] || [[Image:Armenia-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Azerbaijan]] || [[Image:Azerbaijan coa.png|120px|]] |- |} ==B== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Bahamas]] || [[Image:Bahamas_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bahrain]] || [[Bahrain coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bangladesh]] || [[Image:Bangladesh_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Barbados]] || [[Image:Barbados_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Belarus]] || [[Image:Belarus_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] || [[Image:Belgium_coat_of_arms_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Belize]] || [[Image:Belize_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bénin]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Benin.png|120px]] |- | [[Bhutan]] || [[Image:Bhutan_emblem.png|120px]] |- | [[Bolivia]] || [[Image:BoliviaArms.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] || [[Image:Bosnia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Botswana]] || [[Image:Bostwanaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Brazil]] || [[Image:Brazil_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Brunei]] || [[Image:Bx-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bulgaria]] || [[Image:Bulgaria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Burkina Faso]] || [[Image:Burkinaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==C== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Cambodia]] || [[Image:Coa cambodia.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Cape Verde]] || [[Image:Capeverdearms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Central African Republic]] || [[Image:Centralaf22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Chile]] || [[Image:Shield_cl.gif|120px]] |- | [[People's Republic of China]] || [[Image:PRC coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Colombia]] || [[Image:Colombia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Costa Rica]] || [[Image:CostaRica_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Croatia]] || [[Image:Croatian Coat of Arms.svg|120px]] |- | [[Cuba]] || [[Image:Cuba_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Cyprus]] || [[Image:Cyprus_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Czech Republic]] || [[Image:Czech_coatofarms.jpg|120px]] |} ==D== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Denmark]] || [[Image:The_small_Danish_Coat_of_Arms.jpg|120px]] |- |- | [[Dominica]] || [[Image:Dominica23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Dominican Republic]] || [[Image:Dominican_republic_coa.gif|120px]] |} ==E== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[East Timor]] || [[Image:East_timor_coa.png|120px|East Timor COA]] |- | [[Ekwateli]] || [[Image:Ecuador COA.jpg|120px|Ecuador COA]] |- | [[Ejipti]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Egypt.png|120px|Golden Eagle - Egypt Coat Of Arms]] |- | [[Estonia]] || [[Image:Estonia coat-of-arms.jpg|100px|120px|Estonia COA]] |- |} ==F== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Fiji]] || [[Image:Fij-coa.gif|120px]] |- | [[Finland]] || [[Image:Finland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[France]] || [[Image:Armoiries-fr.jpg|120px]] |- |} ==G== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Gabon]] || [[Image:Gabonarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gambia]] || [[Image:Gambiaarms21.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] || [[Image:Georgian_COA.jpg|140px]] |- | [[Ghana]] || [[Image:Ghanaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Greece]] || [[Image:Greece_coa.png|120px|Greece Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Grenada]] || [[Image:Grenadaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Guatemala]] || [[Image:GUAcoat.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Guernsey]] || [[Image:Guernsey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Guernsey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Gine]] || [[Image:Guineaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gine-Bisau]] || [[Image:Coaguinea-bissau.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] || [[Image:Equatorial Guinea coa.png|120px|Equatorial Guinea COA]] |- | [[Guyana]] || [[Image:Guyana_coa.png|120px]] |} ==H== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Haiti]] || [[Image:Haiti_coat_of_arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Holanda]] || [[Image:Arms_netherlands_small.gif|120px|Netherlands Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Honduras]] || [[Image:Honduras_COA.gif|120px|Honduras COA]] |- | [[Hungary]] || [[Image:Hungary_COA.jpg|center|120px]] |} ==I== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Iceland]] || [[Image:ISLcoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[India]] || [[Image:EmblemofIndia-small.png|center]] |- | [[Indonesia]] || [[Image:Indonesiacoatofarms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Iran]] || [[Image:Iran_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Iraq]] || [[Image:Iraq-COA.png|120px]] |- | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] || [[Image:Ireland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Isle of Man]] || [[Image:Isle of Man Arms Small.png|120px|Isle of Man Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Israel]] || [[Image:Israel-coa-medium.png|120px]] |- | [[Italy]] || [[Image:Italian_coa.png|120px|Italian COA]] |} ==J== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Japan]] || [[Image:Japan_coa.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[National and Imperial Seal]]''</small> |- | [[Jersey]] || [[Image:Jersey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Jersey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Jordan]] || [[Image:Coat of Jordan.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Jordan]] |} ==K== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Kamerun]] || [[Image:Cameroon coa.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Kanadá]] || [[Image:Bigcancoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kazakhstan]] || [[image:Embelm_KZ.png|120px]] |- | [[Kiribati]] || [[Image:Kiribaticoa.gif|120px]] |- | [[North Korea]] || [[Image:North_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[South Korea]] || [[Image:South_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Komori]] || [[Image:Comoros_coat_of_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] || [[Image:Congocofarms2.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] || [[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kotdivuar]] || [[Image:Coa cote d ivory.jpg||120px]] |- | [[Kuwait]] || [[Image:KUW-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kyrgyzstan]] || [[Image:Kyrgyziarms.gif|120px]] |} ==L== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Laos]] || [[Image:Laos_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Latvia]] || [[Image:Latvijas lielais gerbonis.gif|140px]] |- | [[Lebanon]] || [[Image:Lebanese_COA.png|120px|Lebanese COA]] |- | [[Lesotho]] || [[Image:Lesothoarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Liberia]] || [[Image:Lib-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Libîya]] || [[Image:Libyseal.gif|120px|Libya Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Liechtenstein]] || [[Image:Liechtenstein_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Lithuania]] || [[Image:Lithuanian_vytis.png|120px]] |- | [[Luksambur]] || [[Image:Luxarms.gif|center|120px]] |} ==M== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| (Former Yugoslav) <br> [[Republic of Macedonia]] || [[Image:Grb.gif|120px|Macedonia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Madagascar]] || [[Image:Madagascar_COA.png|120px|Madagasar COA]] |- | [[Malawi]] || [[Image:Malawiarms20.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Malaysia]] || [[Image:Malaysia_Coat_of_Arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Maldives]] || [[Image:Maldives-emblem.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mali]] || [[Image:Maliarms22.PNG]] |- | [[Malta]] || [[Image:Malta_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Marshall Islands]] || [[Image:Marshall_Islands_COA.gif|120px|Marshall Islands COA]] |- | [[Moritani]] || [[Image:maurarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Mauritius]] || [[Image:Mauritius_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mexico]] || [[Image:Mexico_coat_of_arms_(small).png|120px]] |- | [[Federated States of Micronesia]] || [[Image:Micronesie_COA.gif|120px|Micronesia COA]] |- | [[Moldova]] || [[Image:Mda_coa.gif|120px|Moldova Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Monaco]] || [[Image:Monaco_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mongolia]] || [[Image:Suld.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mozambiki]] || [[Image:Mozambique_COA.png|120px|Coat of arms of Mozambique]] |- | [[Myanmar]] || [[Image:Myanmar_COA.gif|120px|Coat of arms of Myanmar]] |} ==N== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Namibia]] || [[Image:Namibia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nauru]] || [[Image:Nauru_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nepal]] || [[Image:Nepal_COA.gif|120px|Nepal COA]] |- | [[New Zealand]] || [[Image:New_zealand_coa.png|120px|New Zealand COA]] |- | [[Nicaragua]] || [[Image:Nicaragua-coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Nijer]] || [[Image:Nigerarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Nijéria]] || [[Image:Nigeriaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Norway]] || [[Image:Norway_coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==O== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Omani]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- | [[Ostralía]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- | [[Otrishi]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- |} ==P== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Pakistan]] || [[Image:Pakarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Palau]] ||[http://www.bdarop.com/images/Officials/Executive/execseal.gif] This is the Exectutive<br> Seal, but is close in form<br> to the National Arms. |- | [[Panama]] || [[Image:Escudo_armas_Panama.PNG|120px|Panama COA]] |- | [[Papua New Guinea]] || [[Image:PapuaNewGuinea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Paraguay]] || [[Image:Paraguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Peru]] || [[Image:Coa_Peru.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Philippines]] || [[Image:Philippine_coat-of-arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Poland]] || [[Image:Herb Polski.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Poland]] |- | [[Pulutugal]] || [[Image:Portugal_coa.png|120px]] |} ==Q== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Qatar]] ||[http://www.qatarembassy.net/headerBanner.jpg] Seal is on left. |} ==R== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Romania]] || [[Image:Coa_romania.png|120px]] |- | [[Russia]] || [[Image:Russia_coa.png|120px]] |- |} ==S== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] || [[Image:skitts22.PNG|120px|Saint Kitts and Nevis: Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Saint Lucia]] || [[Image:St_lucia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] || [[Image:Svincent22.PNG|center|75px]] |- | [[San Salvador]] || [[Image:El Salvador coa.gif|120px|El Salvador COA]] |- | [[Samoa]] || [[Image:Westasmarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[San Marino]] || [[Image:Smarino.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] || [[Image:Saoprinarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Saudi Arabia]] || [[Image:Saudi coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Scotland]] || [[Image:Scottish royal coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Sénégal]] || [[Image:Senegal_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Serbia and Montenegro]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.png|120px|Serbia and Montenegro Caot of Arms]] |- | [[Seyshel]] || [[Image:Seychelles_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sierra Leone]] || [[Image:SLECOA.gif|120px|Sierra Leone Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Sidafrika]] || [[Image:Za-coa.gif]] |- | [[Singapore]] || [[Image:Symbol_crest.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovakia]] || [[Image:Slovakia_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovenia]] || [[Image:Slovenia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Solomon Islands]] || [[Image:Solomon_Islands_coat_of_arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Spain]] || [[Image:Spain_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sri Lanka]] || [[Image:Sri_lanka_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sudani]] || [[Image:Sudan_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Suriname]] || [[Image:Suriname_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Swaziland]] || [[Image:Swazicoa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sweden]] || [[Image:Sweden_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Swisi]] || [[Image:Switzerland_CoA.png|120px]] |- | [[Syria]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Syria.png|120px]] |} ==T== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| Taiwan ([[Republic of China]]) || [[Image:Republic_of_China_National_Emblem.png|120px|National Emblem of the Republic of China]] |- | [[Tajikistan]] || [[Image:Coa tajikistan.jpg|120px]] | [[Thailand]] || [[Image:Thailand_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Togo]] || [[Image:Togoarms22.PNG|center|120px]] |- | [[Tonga]] || [[Image:Tongaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Trinidad and Tobago]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms_Trinidad_and_Tobago.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tshad]] || [[Image:Chad_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tunisia]] || [[Image:Armes_tunisie.jpg|120px|Tunisia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Turkey]] || Turkey has no<br> recognized or <br>established<br> national coat<br> of arms |- | [[Turkmenistan]] || [[Image:Turkmenistan coa.jpg|120px|Turkmenistan Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Tuvalu]] || [[Image:Tuvalu-coa.jpg|120px]] |} ==U== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| | [[Ukraine]] || [[Image:Ukraine_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[United Arab Emirates]] || [[Image:NationalArmsofUAE.png|120px]] |- | [[United Kingdom]] || [[Image:UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[United States]] || [[Image:Great Seal of the US.png|120px|Great Seal of the U.S.]] |- | [[Uruguay]] || [[Image:Uruguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Uzbekistan]] || [[Image:Uzbekistan coa.png|120px|Uzbekistan Coat of Arms]] |} ==V== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Vanuatu]] || [[Image:Vanuatu_coat_of_arms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Vatican City]] || [[Image:Vatican_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Venezuela]] || [[Image:Venezuela_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Vietnami]] || [[Image:Viet-coa.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==W== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Western Sahara]] ([[Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic]]) || [[Image:Lambang_sahara_barat.png]] |- |} ==Y== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Yemen]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Yemen.png|120px]] |} ==Z== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Zambia]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms of Zambia.png|120px|center]] |- |} [[Category:Ba almwali ya bisé|*]] [[en:List of national coats of arms]] [[it:Elenco di stemmi nazionali]] [[nl:Wapenschilden van de wereld]] [[pl:God&#322;a pa&#324;stw &#347;wiata]] [[sk:Gal&#233;ria &#353;t&#225;tnych znakov]] [[sv:Lista över riksvapen]] 7798 2006-03-03T15:57:55Z Bombo 12 {{Nationalflags}} __NOTOC__ {{compactTOC2}} ==A== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Afganistani]] || [[Image:COA Afghanistan.png|120px]] |- | [[Albania]] || [[Image:Albania_state_emblem.png|120px|center]] |- | [[Aljeria]] || [[Image:Algeria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Alémani]] || [[Image:Bundesadler.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[Bundesadler]]'' (Federal Eagle)</small> |- | [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] || [[Image:morarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Andorra]] || [[Image:Andorra_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Angóla]] || [[Image:Coaofangola.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Antigua and Barbuda]] || [[Image:Antigua_and_barbuda_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Argentina]] || [[Image:Argentina_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Armenia]] || [[Image:Armenia-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Azerbaijan]] || [[Image:Azerbaijan coa.png|120px|]] |- |} ==B== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Bahamas]] || [[Image:Bahamas_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bahrain]] || [[Bahrain coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bangladesh]] || [[Image:Bangladesh_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Barbados]] || [[Image:Barbados_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Belarus]] || [[Image:Belarus_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] || [[Image:Belgium_coat_of_arms_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Belize]] || [[Image:Belize_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bénin]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Benin.png|120px]] |- | [[Bhutan]] || [[Image:Bhutan_emblem.png|120px]] |- | [[Bolivia]] || [[Image:BoliviaArms.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] || [[Image:Bosnia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Botswana]] || [[Image:Bostwanaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Brazil]] || [[Image:Brazil_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Brunei]] || [[Image:Bx-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bulgaria]] || [[Image:Bulgaria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Burkina Faso]] || [[Image:Burkinaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==C== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Cambodia]] || [[Image:Coa cambodia.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Cape Verde]] || [[Image:Capeverdearms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Central African Republic]] || [[Image:Centralaf22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Chile]] || [[Image:Shield_cl.gif|120px]] |- | [[People's Republic of China]] || [[Image:PRC coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Colombia]] || [[Image:Colombia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Costa Rica]] || [[Image:CostaRica_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Croatia]] || [[Image:Croatian Coat of Arms.svg|120px]] |- | [[Cuba]] || [[Image:Cuba_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Cyprus]] || [[Image:Cyprus_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Czech Republic]] || [[Image:Czech_coatofarms.jpg|120px]] |} ==D== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Denmark]] || [[Image:The_small_Danish_Coat_of_Arms.jpg|120px]] |- |- | [[Dominica]] || [[Image:Dominica23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Dominican Republic]] || [[Image:Dominican_republic_coa.gif|120px]] |} ==E== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[East Timor]] || [[Image:East_timor_coa.png|120px|East Timor COA]] |- | [[Ekwateli]] || [[Image:Ecuador COA.jpg|120px|Ecuador COA]] |- | [[Ejipti]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Egypt.png|120px|Golden Eagle - Egypt Coat Of Arms]] |- | [[Estonia]] || [[Image:Estonia coat-of-arms.jpg|100px|120px|Estonia COA]] |- |} ==F== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Fiji]] || [[Image:Fij-coa.gif|120px]] |- | [[Finland]] || [[Image:Finland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[France]] || [[Image:Armoiries-fr.jpg|120px]] |- |} ==G== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Gabon]] || [[Image:Gabonarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gambia]] || [[Image:Gambiaarms21.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] || [[Image:Georgian_COA.jpg|140px]] |- | [[Ghana]] || [[Image:Ghanaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Greece]] || [[Image:Greece_coa.png|120px|Greece Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Grenada]] || [[Image:Grenadaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Guatemala]] || [[Image:GUAcoat.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Guernsey]] || [[Image:Guernsey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Guernsey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Gine]] || [[Image:Guineaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gine-Bisau]] || [[Image:Coaguinea-bissau.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] || [[Image:Equatorial Guinea coa.png|120px|Equatorial Guinea COA]] |- | [[Guyana]] || [[Image:Guyana_coa.png|120px]] |} ==H== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Haiti]] || [[Image:Haiti_coat_of_arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Holanda]] || [[Image:Arms_netherlands_small.gif|120px|Netherlands Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Honduras]] || [[Image:Honduras_COA.gif|120px|Honduras COA]] |- | [[Hungary]] || [[Image:Hungary_COA.jpg|center|120px]] |} ==I== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Iceland]] || [[Image:ISLcoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[India]] || [[Image:EmblemofIndia-small.png|center]] |- | [[Indonesia]] || [[Image:Indonesiacoatofarms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Iran]] || [[Image:Iran_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Iraq]] || [[Image:Iraq-COA.png|120px]] |- | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] || [[Image:Ireland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Isle of Man]] || [[Image:Isle of Man Arms Small.png|120px|Isle of Man Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Israel]] || [[Image:Israel-coa-medium.png|120px]] |- | [[Italy]] || [[Image:Italian_coa.png|120px|Italian COA]] |} ==J== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Japan]] || [[Image:Japan_coa.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[National and Imperial Seal]]''</small> |- | [[Jersey]] || [[Image:Jersey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Jersey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Jordan]] || [[Image:Coat of Jordan.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Jordan]] |} ==K== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Kamerun]] || [[Image:Cameroon coa.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Kanadá]] || [[Image:Bigcancoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kazakhstan]] || [[image:Embelm_KZ.png|120px]] |- | [[Kiribati]] || [[Image:Kiribaticoa.gif|120px]] |- | [[North Korea]] || [[Image:North_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[South Korea]] || [[Image:South_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Komori]] || [[Image:Comoros_coat_of_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] || [[Image:Congocofarms2.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] || [[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kotdivuar]] || [[Image:Coa cote d ivory.jpg||120px]] |- | [[Kuwait]] || [[Image:KUW-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kyrgyzstan]] || [[Image:Kyrgyziarms.gif|120px]] |} ==L== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Laos]] || [[Image:Laos_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Latvia]] || [[Image:Latvijas lielais gerbonis.gif|140px]] |- | [[Lebanon]] || [[Image:Lebanese_COA.png|120px|Lebanese COA]] |- | [[Lesotho]] || [[Image:Lesothoarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Liberia]] || [[Image:Lib-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Libîya]] || [[Image:Libyseal.gif|120px|Libya Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Liechtenstein]] || [[Image:Liechtenstein_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Lithuania]] || [[Image:Lithuanian_vytis.png|120px]] |- | [[Luksambur]] || [[Image:Luxarms.gif|center|120px]] |} ==M== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| (Former Yugoslav) <br> [[Republic of Macedonia]] || [[Image:Grb.gif|120px|Macedonia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Madagascar]] || [[Image:Madagascar_COA.png|120px|Madagasar COA]] |- | [[Malawi]] || [[Image:Malawiarms20.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Malaysia]] || [[Image:Malaysia_Coat_of_Arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Maldives]] || [[Image:Maldives-emblem.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mali]] || [[Image:Maliarms22.PNG]] |- | [[Malta]] || [[Image:Malta_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Marshall Islands]] || [[Image:Marshall_Islands_COA.gif|120px|Marshall Islands COA]] |- | [[Moritani]] || [[Image:maurarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Mauritius]] || [[Image:Mauritius_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mexico]] || [[Image:Mexico_coat_of_arms_(small).png|120px]] |- | [[Federated States of Micronesia]] || [[Image:Micronesie_COA.gif|120px|Micronesia COA]] |- | [[Moldova]] || [[Image:Mda_coa.gif|120px|Moldova Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Monaco]] || [[Image:Monaco_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mongolia]] || [[Image:Suld.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mozambiki]] || [[Image:Mozambique_COA.png|120px|Coat of arms of Mozambique]] |- | [[Myanmar]] || [[Image:Myanmar_COA.gif|120px|Coat of arms of Myanmar]] |} ==N== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Namibia]] || [[Image:Namibia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nauru]] || [[Image:Nauru_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nepal]] || [[Image:Nepal_COA.gif|120px|Nepal COA]] |- | [[New Zealand]] || [[Image:New_zealand_coa.png|120px|New Zealand COA]] |- | [[Nicaragua]] || [[Image:Nicaragua-coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Nijer]] || [[Image:Nigerarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Nijéria]] || [[Image:Nigeriaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Norway]] || [[Image:Norway_coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==O== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Omani]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- | [[Ostralía]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- | [[Otrishi]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- |} ==P== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Pakistan]] || [[Image:Pakarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Palau]] ||[http://www.bdarop.com/images/Officials/Executive/execseal.gif] This is the Exectutive<br> Seal, but is close in form<br> to the National Arms. |- | [[Panama]] || [[Image:Escudo_armas_Panama.PNG|120px|Panama COA]] |- | [[Papua New Guinea]] || [[Image:PapuaNewGuinea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Paraguay]] || [[Image:Paraguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Peru]] || [[Image:Coa_Peru.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Philippines]] || [[Image:Philippine_coat-of-arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Poland]] || [[Image:Herb Polski.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Poland]] |- | [[Pulutugal]] || [[Image:Portugal_coa.png|120px]] |} ==Q== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Qatar]] ||[http://www.qatarembassy.net/headerBanner.jpg] Seal is on left. |} ==R== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Romania]] || [[Image:Coa_romania.png|120px]] |- | [[Russia]] || [[Image:Russia_coa.png|120px]] |- |} ==S== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] || [[Image:skitts22.PNG|120px|Saint Kitts and Nevis: Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Saint Lucia]] || [[Image:St_lucia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] || [[Image:Svincent22.PNG|center|75px]] |- | [[San Salvador]] || [[Image:El Salvador coa.gif|120px|El Salvador COA]] |- | [[Samoa]] || [[Image:Westasmarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[San Marino]] || [[Image:Smarino.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] || [[Image:Saoprinarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Saudi Arabia]] || [[Image:Saudi coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Scotland]] || [[Image:Scottish royal coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Sénégal]] || [[Image:Senegal_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Serbia and Montenegro]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.png|120px|Serbia and Montenegro Caot of Arms]] |- | [[Seyshel]] || [[Image:Seychelles_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sierra Leone]] || [[Image:SLECOA.gif|120px|Sierra Leone Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Sidafrika]] || [[Image:Za-coa.gif]] |- | [[Singapore]] || [[Image:Symbol_crest.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovakia]] || [[Image:Slovakia_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovenia]] || [[Image:Slovenia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Solomon Islands]] || [[Image:Solomon_Islands_coat_of_arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Spain]] || [[Image:Spain_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sri Lanka]] || [[Image:Sri_lanka_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sudani]] || [[Image:Sudan_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Suriname]] || [[Image:Suriname_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Swaziland]] || [[Image:Swazicoa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sweden]] || [[Image:Sweden_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Swisi]] || [[Image:Switzerland_CoA.png|120px]] |- | [[Syria]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Syria.png|120px]] |} ==T== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| Taiwan ([[Republic of China]]) || [[Image:Republic_of_China_National_Emblem.png|120px|National Emblem of the Republic of China]] |- | [[Tajikistan]] || [[Image:Coa tajikistan.jpg|120px]] | [[Thailand]] || [[Image:Thailand_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Togo]] || [[Image:Togoarms22.PNG|center|120px]] |- | [[Tonga]] || [[Image:Tongaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Trinidad and Tobago]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms_Trinidad_and_Tobago.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tshad]] || [[Image:Chad_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tunisia]] || [[Image:Armes_tunisie.jpg|120px|Tunisia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Turkey]] || Turkey has no<br> recognized or <br>established<br> national coat<br> of arms |- | [[Turkmenistan]] || [[Image:Turkmenistan coa.jpg|120px|Turkmenistan Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Tuvalu]] || [[Image:Tuvalu-coa.jpg|120px]] |} ==U== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| | [[Ukraine]] || [[Image:Ukraine_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[United Arab Emirates]] || [[Image:NationalArmsofUAE.png|120px]] |- | [[United Kingdom]] || [[Image:UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[United States]] || [[Image:Great Seal of the US.png|120px|Great Seal of the U.S.]] |- | [[Uruguay]] || [[Image:Uruguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Uzbekistan]] || [[Image:Uzbekistan coa.png|120px|Uzbekistan Coat of Arms]] |} ==V== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Vanuatu]] || [[Image:Vanuatu_coat_of_arms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Vatican City]] || [[Image:Vatican_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Venezuela]] || [[Image:Venezuela_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Vietnami]] || [[Image:Viet-coa.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==W== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Western Sahara]] ([[Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic]]) || [[Image:Lambang_sahara_barat.png]] |- |} ==Y== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Yemen]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Yemen.png|120px]] |} ==Z== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Zambia]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms of Zambia.png|120px|center]] |- |} [[Category:Almwali]] [[en:List of national coats of arms]] [[it:Elenco di stemmi nazionali]] [[nl:Wapenschilden van de wereld]] [[pl:God&#322;a pa&#324;stw &#347;wiata]] [[sk:Gal&#233;ria &#353;t&#225;tnych znakov]] [[sv:Lista över riksvapen]] 7799 2006-03-03T16:00:19Z Bombo 12 {{Nationalflags}} __NOTOC__ {{compactTOC2}} ==A== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Afganistani]] || [[Image:COA Afghanistan.png|120px]] |- | [[Albania]] || [[Image:Albania_state_emblem.png|120px|center]] |- | [[Aljeria]] || [[Image:Algeria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Alémani]] || [[Image:Bundesadler.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[Bundesadler]]'' (Federal Eagle)</small> |- | [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] || [[Image:morarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Andorra]] || [[Image:Andorra_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Angóla]] || [[Image:Coaofangola.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Antigua and Barbuda]] || [[Image:Antigua_and_barbuda_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Argentina]] || [[Image:Argentina_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Armenia]] || [[Image:Armenia-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Azerbaijan]] || [[Image:Azerbaijan coa.png|120px|]] |- |} ==B== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Bahamas]] || [[Image:Bahamas_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bahrain]] || [[Bahrain coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bangladesh]] || [[Image:Bangladesh_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Barbados]] || [[Image:Barbados_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Belarus]] || [[Image:Belarus_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] || [[Image:Belgium_coat_of_arms_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Belize]] || [[Image:Belize_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bénin]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Benin.png|120px]] |- | [[Bhutan]] || [[Image:Bhutan_emblem.png|120px]] |- | [[Bolivia]] || [[Image:BoliviaArms.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] || [[Image:Bosnia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Botswana]] || [[Image:Bostwanaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Brazil]] || [[Image:Brazil_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Brunei]] || [[Image:Bx-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bulgaria]] || [[Image:Bulgaria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Burkina Faso]] || [[Image:Burkinaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==C== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Cambodia]] || [[Image:Coa cambodia.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Cape Verde]] || [[Image:Capeverdearms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Central African Republic]] || [[Image:Centralaf22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Chile]] || [[Image:Shield_cl.gif|120px]] |- | [[People's Republic of China]] || [[Image:PRC coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Colombia]] || [[Image:Colombia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Costa Rica]] || [[Image:CostaRica_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Croatia]] || [[Image:Croatian Coat of Arms.svg|120px]] |- | [[Cuba]] || [[Image:Cuba_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Cyprus]] || [[Image:Cyprus_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Czech Republic]] || [[Image:Czech_coatofarms.jpg|120px]] |} ==D== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Denmark]] || [[Image:The_small_Danish_Coat_of_Arms.jpg|120px]] |- |- | [[Dominica]] || [[Image:Dominica23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Dominican Republic]] || [[Image:Dominican_republic_coa.gif|120px]] |} ==E== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[East Timor]] || [[Image:East_timor_coa.png|120px|East Timor COA]] |- | [[Ekwateli]] || [[Image:Ecuador COA.jpg|120px|Ecuador COA]] |- | [[Ejipti]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Egypt.png|120px|Golden Eagle - Egypt Coat Of Arms]] |- | [[Estonia]] || [[Image:Estonia coat-of-arms.jpg|100px|120px|Estonia COA]] |- |} ==F== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Fiji]] || [[Image:Fij-coa.gif|120px]] |- | [[Finland]] || [[Image:Finland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[France]] || [[Image:Armoiries-fr.jpg|120px]] |- |} ==G== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Gabon]] || [[Image:Gabonarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gambia]] || [[Image:Gambiaarms21.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] || [[Image:Georgian_COA.jpg|140px]] |- | [[Ghana]] || [[Image:Ghanaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Greece]] || [[Image:Greece_coa.png|120px|Greece Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Grenada]] || [[Image:Grenadaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Guatemala]] || [[Image:GUAcoat.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Guernsey]] || [[Image:Guernsey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Guernsey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Gine]] || [[Image:Guineaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gine-Bisau]] || [[Image:Coaguinea-bissau.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] || [[Image:Equatorial Guinea coa.png|120px|Equatorial Guinea COA]] |- | [[Guyana]] || [[Image:Guyana_coa.png|120px]] |} ==H== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Haiti]] || [[Image:Haiti_coat_of_arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Holanda]] || [[Image:Arms_netherlands_small.gif|120px|Netherlands Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Honduras]] || [[Image:Honduras_COA.gif|120px|Honduras COA]] |- | [[Hungary]] || [[Image:Hungary_COA.jpg|center|120px]] |} ==I== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Iceland]] || [[Image:ISLcoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[India]] || [[Image:EmblemofIndia-small.png|center]] |- | [[Indonesia]] || [[Image:Indonesiacoatofarms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Iran]] || [[Image:Iran_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Iraq]] || [[Image:Iraq-COA.png|120px]] |- | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] || [[Image:Ireland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Isle of Man]] || [[Image:Isle of Man Arms Small.png|120px|Isle of Man Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Israel]] || [[Image:Israel-coa-medium.png|120px]] |- | [[Italy]] || [[Image:Italian_coa.png|120px|Italian COA]] |} ==J== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Japan]] || [[Image:Japan_coa.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[National and Imperial Seal]]''</small> |- | [[Jersey]] || [[Image:Jersey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Jersey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Jordan]] || [[Image:Coat of Jordan.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Jordan]] |} ==K== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Kamerun]] || [[Image:Cameroon coa.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Kanadá]] || [[Image:Bigcancoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kazakhstan]] || [[image:Embelm_KZ.png|120px]] |- | [[Kiribati]] || [[Image:Kiribaticoa.gif|120px]] |- | [[North Korea]] || [[Image:North_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[South Korea]] || [[Image:South_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Komori]] || [[Image:Comoros_coat_of_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] || [[Image:Congocofarms2.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] || [[Image:Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png|120px]] |- | [[Kotdivuar]] || [[Image:Coa cote d ivory.jpg||120px]] |- | [[Kuwait]] || [[Image:KUW-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kyrgyzstan]] || [[Image:Kyrgyziarms.gif|120px]] |} ==L== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Laos]] || [[Image:Laos_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Latvia]] || [[Image:Latvijas lielais gerbonis.gif|140px]] |- | [[Lebanon]] || [[Image:Lebanese_COA.png|120px|Lebanese COA]] |- | [[Lesotho]] || [[Image:Lesothoarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Liberia]] || [[Image:Lib-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Libîya]] || [[Image:Libyseal.gif|120px|Libya Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Liechtenstein]] || [[Image:Liechtenstein_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Lithuania]] || [[Image:Lithuanian_vytis.png|120px]] |- | [[Luksambur]] || [[Image:Luxarms.gif|center|120px]] |} ==M== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| (Former Yugoslav) <br> [[Republic of Macedonia]] || [[Image:Grb.gif|120px|Macedonia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Madagascar]] || [[Image:Madagascar_COA.png|120px|Madagasar COA]] |- | [[Malawi]] || [[Image:Malawiarms20.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Malaysia]] || [[Image:Malaysia_Coat_of_Arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Maldives]] || [[Image:Maldives-emblem.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mali]] || [[Image:Maliarms22.PNG]] |- | [[Malta]] || [[Image:Malta_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Marshall Islands]] || [[Image:Marshall_Islands_COA.gif|120px|Marshall Islands COA]] |- | [[Moritani]] || [[Image:maurarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Mauritius]] || [[Image:Mauritius_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mexico]] || [[Image:Mexico_coat_of_arms_(small).png|120px]] |- | [[Federated States of Micronesia]] || [[Image:Micronesie_COA.gif|120px|Micronesia COA]] |- | [[Moldova]] || [[Image:Mda_coa.gif|120px|Moldova Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Monaco]] || [[Image:Monaco_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mongolia]] || [[Image:Suld.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mozambiki]] || [[Image:Mozambique_COA.png|120px|Coat of arms of Mozambique]] |- | [[Myanmar]] || [[Image:Myanmar_COA.gif|120px|Coat of arms of Myanmar]] |} ==N== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Namibia]] || [[Image:Namibia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nauru]] || [[Image:Nauru_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nepal]] || [[Image:Nepal_COA.gif|120px|Nepal COA]] |- | [[New Zealand]] || [[Image:New_zealand_coa.png|120px|New Zealand COA]] |- | [[Nicaragua]] || [[Image:Nicaragua-coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Nijer]] || [[Image:Nigerarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Nijéria]] || [[Image:Nigeriaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Norway]] || [[Image:Norway_coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==O== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Omani]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- | [[Ostralía]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- | [[Otrishi]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- |} ==P== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Pakistan]] || [[Image:Pakarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Palau]] ||[http://www.bdarop.com/images/Officials/Executive/execseal.gif] This is the Exectutive<br> Seal, but is close in form<br> to the National Arms. |- | [[Panama]] || [[Image:Escudo_armas_Panama.PNG|120px|Panama COA]] |- | [[Papua New Guinea]] || [[Image:PapuaNewGuinea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Paraguay]] || [[Image:Paraguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Peru]] || [[Image:Coa_Peru.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Philippines]] || [[Image:Philippine_coat-of-arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Poland]] || [[Image:Herb Polski.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Poland]] |- | [[Pulutugal]] || [[Image:Portugal_coa.png|120px]] |} ==Q== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Qatar]] ||[http://www.qatarembassy.net/headerBanner.jpg] Seal is on left. |} ==R== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Romania]] || [[Image:Coa_romania.png|120px]] |- | [[Russia]] || [[Image:Russia_coa.png|120px]] |- |} ==S== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] || [[Image:skitts22.PNG|120px|Saint Kitts and Nevis: Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Saint Lucia]] || [[Image:St_lucia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] || [[Image:Svincent22.PNG|center|75px]] |- | [[San Salvador]] || [[Image:El Salvador coa.gif|120px|El Salvador COA]] |- | [[Samoa]] || [[Image:Westasmarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[San Marino]] || [[Image:Smarino.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] || [[Image:Saoprinarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Saudi Arabia]] || [[Image:Saudi coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Scotland]] || [[Image:Scottish royal coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Sénégal]] || [[Image:Senegal_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Serbia and Montenegro]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.png|120px|Serbia and Montenegro Caot of Arms]] |- | [[Seyshel]] || [[Image:Seychelles_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sierra Leone]] || [[Image:SLECOA.gif|120px|Sierra Leone Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Sidafrika]] || [[Image:Za-coa.gif]] |- | [[Singapore]] || [[Image:Symbol_crest.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovakia]] || [[Image:Slovakia_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovenia]] || [[Image:Slovenia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Solomon Islands]] || [[Image:Solomon_Islands_coat_of_arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Spain]] || [[Image:Spain_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sri Lanka]] || [[Image:Sri_lanka_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sudani]] || [[Image:Sudan_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Suriname]] || [[Image:Suriname_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Swaziland]] || [[Image:Swazicoa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sweden]] || [[Image:Sweden_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Swisi]] || [[Image:Switzerland_CoA.png|120px]] |- | [[Syria]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Syria.png|120px]] |} ==T== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| Taiwan ([[Republic of China]]) || [[Image:Republic_of_China_National_Emblem.png|120px|National Emblem of the Republic of China]] |- | [[Tajikistan]] || [[Image:Coa tajikistan.jpg|120px]] | [[Thailand]] || [[Image:Thailand_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Togo]] || [[Image:Togoarms22.PNG|center|120px]] |- | [[Tonga]] || [[Image:Tongaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Trinidad and Tobago]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms_Trinidad_and_Tobago.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tshad]] || [[Image:Chad_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tunisia]] || [[Image:Armes_tunisie.jpg|120px|Tunisia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Turkey]] || Turkey has no<br> recognized or <br>established<br> national coat<br> of arms |- | [[Turkmenistan]] || [[Image:Turkmenistan coa.jpg|120px|Turkmenistan Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Tuvalu]] || [[Image:Tuvalu-coa.jpg|120px]] |} ==U== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| | [[Ukraine]] || [[Image:Ukraine_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[United Arab Emirates]] || [[Image:NationalArmsofUAE.png|120px]] |- | [[United Kingdom]] || [[Image:UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[United States]] || [[Image:Great Seal of the US.png|120px|Great Seal of the U.S.]] |- | [[Uruguay]] || [[Image:Uruguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Uzbekistan]] || [[Image:Uzbekistan coa.png|120px|Uzbekistan Coat of Arms]] |} ==V== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Vanuatu]] || [[Image:Vanuatu_coat_of_arms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Vatican City]] || [[Image:Vatican_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Venezuela]] || [[Image:Venezuela_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Vietnami]] || [[Image:Viet-coa.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==W== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Western Sahara]] ([[Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic]]) || [[Image:Lambang_sahara_barat.png]] |- |} ==Y== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Yemen]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Yemen.png|120px]] |} ==Z== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Zambia]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms of Zambia.png|120px|center]] |- |} [[Category:Almwali]] [[en:List of national coats of arms]] [[it:Elenco di stemmi nazionali]] [[nl:Wapenschilden van de wereld]] [[pl:God&#322;a pa&#324;stw &#347;wiata]] [[sk:Gal&#233;ria &#353;t&#225;tnych znakov]] [[sv:Lista över riksvapen]] 7853 2006-03-22T14:21:07Z 80.220.67.167 /* F */ png -> svg {{Nationalflags}} __NOTOC__ {{compactTOC2}} ==A== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Afganistani]] || [[Image:COA Afghanistan.png|120px]] |- | [[Albania]] || [[Image:Albania_state_emblem.png|120px|center]] |- | [[Aljeria]] || [[Image:Algeria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Alémani]] || [[Image:Bundesadler.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[Bundesadler]]'' (Federal Eagle)</small> |- | [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] || [[Image:morarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Andorra]] || [[Image:Andorra_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Angóla]] || [[Image:Coaofangola.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Antigua and Barbuda]] || [[Image:Antigua_and_barbuda_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Argentina]] || [[Image:Argentina_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Armenia]] || [[Image:Armenia-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Azerbaijan]] || [[Image:Azerbaijan coa.png|120px|]] |- |} ==B== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Bahamas]] || [[Image:Bahamas_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bahrain]] || [[Bahrain coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bangladesh]] || [[Image:Bangladesh_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Barbados]] || [[Image:Barbados_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Belarus]] || [[Image:Belarus_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] || [[Image:Belgium_coat_of_arms_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Belize]] || [[Image:Belize_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bénin]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Benin.png|120px]] |- | [[Bhutan]] || [[Image:Bhutan_emblem.png|120px]] |- | [[Bolivia]] || [[Image:BoliviaArms.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] || [[Image:Bosnia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Botswana]] || [[Image:Bostwanaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Brazil]] || [[Image:Brazil_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Brunei]] || [[Image:Bx-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bulgaria]] || [[Image:Bulgaria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Burkina Faso]] || [[Image:Burkinaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==C== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Cambodia]] || [[Image:Coa cambodia.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Cape Verde]] || [[Image:Capeverdearms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Central African Republic]] || [[Image:Centralaf22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Chile]] || [[Image:Shield_cl.gif|120px]] |- | [[People's Republic of China]] || [[Image:PRC coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Colombia]] || [[Image:Colombia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Costa Rica]] || [[Image:CostaRica_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Croatia]] || [[Image:Croatian Coat of Arms.svg|120px]] |- | [[Cuba]] || [[Image:Cuba_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Cyprus]] || [[Image:Cyprus_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Czech Republic]] || [[Image:Czech_coatofarms.jpg|120px]] |} ==D== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Denmark]] || [[Image:The_small_Danish_Coat_of_Arms.jpg|120px]] |- |- | [[Dominica]] || [[Image:Dominica23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Dominican Republic]] || [[Image:Dominican_republic_coa.gif|120px]] |} ==E== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[East Timor]] || [[Image:East_timor_coa.png|120px|East Timor COA]] |- | [[Ekwateli]] || [[Image:Ecuador COA.jpg|120px|Ecuador COA]] |- | [[Ejipti]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Egypt.png|120px|Golden Eagle - Egypt Coat Of Arms]] |- | [[Estonia]] || [[Image:Estonia coat-of-arms.jpg|100px|120px|Estonia COA]] |- |} ==F== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Fiji]] || [[Image:Fij-coa.gif|120px]] |- | [[Finland]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Finland.svg|120px]] |- | [[France]] || [[Image:Armoiries-fr.jpg|120px]] |- |} ==G== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Gabon]] || [[Image:Gabonarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gambia]] || [[Image:Gambiaarms21.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] || [[Image:Georgian_COA.jpg|140px]] |- | [[Ghana]] || [[Image:Ghanaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Greece]] || [[Image:Greece_coa.png|120px|Greece Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Grenada]] || [[Image:Grenadaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Guatemala]] || [[Image:GUAcoat.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Guernsey]] || [[Image:Guernsey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Guernsey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Gine]] || [[Image:Guineaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gine-Bisau]] || [[Image:Coaguinea-bissau.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] || [[Image:Equatorial Guinea coa.png|120px|Equatorial Guinea COA]] |- | [[Guyana]] || [[Image:Guyana_coa.png|120px]] |} ==H== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Haiti]] || [[Image:Haiti_coat_of_arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Holanda]] || [[Image:Arms_netherlands_small.gif|120px|Netherlands Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Honduras]] || [[Image:Honduras_COA.gif|120px|Honduras COA]] |- | [[Hungary]] || [[Image:Hungary_COA.jpg|center|120px]] |} ==I== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Iceland]] || [[Image:ISLcoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[India]] || [[Image:EmblemofIndia-small.png|center]] |- | [[Indonesia]] || [[Image:Indonesiacoatofarms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Iran]] || [[Image:Iran_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Iraq]] || [[Image:Iraq-COA.png|120px]] |- | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] || [[Image:Ireland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Isle of Man]] || [[Image:Isle of Man Arms Small.png|120px|Isle of Man Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Israel]] || [[Image:Israel-coa-medium.png|120px]] |- | [[Italy]] || [[Image:Italian_coa.png|120px|Italian COA]] |} ==J== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Japan]] || [[Image:Japan_coa.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[National and Imperial Seal]]''</small> |- | [[Jersey]] || [[Image:Jersey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Jersey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Jordan]] || [[Image:Coat of Jordan.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Jordan]] |} ==K== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Kamerun]] || [[Image:Cameroon coa.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Kanadá]] || [[Image:Bigcancoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kazakhstan]] || [[image:Embelm_KZ.png|120px]] |- | [[Kiribati]] || [[Image:Kiribaticoa.gif|120px]] |- | [[North Korea]] || [[Image:North_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[South Korea]] || [[Image:South_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Komori]] || [[Image:Comoros_coat_of_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] || [[Image:Congocofarms2.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] || [[Image:Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png|120px]] |- | [[Kotdivuar]] || [[Image:Coa cote d ivory.jpg||120px]] |- | [[Kuwait]] || [[Image:KUW-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kyrgyzstan]] || [[Image:Kyrgyziarms.gif|120px]] |} ==L== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Laos]] || [[Image:Laos_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Latvia]] || [[Image:Latvijas lielais gerbonis.gif|140px]] |- | [[Lebanon]] || [[Image:Lebanese_COA.png|120px|Lebanese COA]] |- | [[Lesotho]] || [[Image:Lesothoarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Liberia]] || [[Image:Lib-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Libîya]] || [[Image:Libyseal.gif|120px|Libya Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Liechtenstein]] || [[Image:Liechtenstein_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Lithuania]] || [[Image:Lithuanian_vytis.png|120px]] |- | [[Luksambur]] || [[Image:Luxarms.gif|center|120px]] |} ==M== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| (Former Yugoslav) <br> [[Republic of Macedonia]] || [[Image:Grb.gif|120px|Macedonia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Madagascar]] || [[Image:Madagascar_COA.png|120px|Madagasar COA]] |- | [[Malawi]] || [[Image:Malawiarms20.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Malaysia]] || [[Image:Malaysia_Coat_of_Arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Maldives]] || [[Image:Maldives-emblem.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mali]] || [[Image:Maliarms22.PNG]] |- | [[Malta]] || [[Image:Malta_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Marshall Islands]] || [[Image:Marshall_Islands_COA.gif|120px|Marshall Islands COA]] |- | [[Moritani]] || [[Image:maurarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Mauritius]] || [[Image:Mauritius_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mexico]] || [[Image:Mexico_coat_of_arms_(small).png|120px]] |- | [[Federated States of Micronesia]] || [[Image:Micronesie_COA.gif|120px|Micronesia COA]] |- | [[Moldova]] || [[Image:Mda_coa.gif|120px|Moldova Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Monaco]] || [[Image:Monaco_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mongolia]] || [[Image:Suld.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mozambiki]] || [[Image:Mozambique_COA.png|120px|Coat of arms of Mozambique]] |- | [[Myanmar]] || [[Image:Myanmar_COA.gif|120px|Coat of arms of Myanmar]] |} ==N== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Namibia]] || [[Image:Namibia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nauru]] || [[Image:Nauru_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nepal]] || [[Image:Nepal_COA.gif|120px|Nepal COA]] |- | [[New Zealand]] || [[Image:New_zealand_coa.png|120px|New Zealand COA]] |- | [[Nicaragua]] || [[Image:Nicaragua-coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Nijer]] || [[Image:Nigerarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Nijéria]] || [[Image:Nigeriaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Norway]] || [[Image:Norway_coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==O== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Omani]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- | [[Ostralía]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- | [[Otrishi]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- |} ==P== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Pakistan]] || [[Image:Pakarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Palau]] ||[http://www.bdarop.com/images/Officials/Executive/execseal.gif] This is the Exectutive<br> Seal, but is close in form<br> to the National Arms. |- | [[Panama]] || [[Image:Escudo_armas_Panama.PNG|120px|Panama COA]] |- | [[Papua New Guinea]] || [[Image:PapuaNewGuinea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Paraguay]] || [[Image:Paraguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Peru]] || [[Image:Coa_Peru.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Philippines]] || [[Image:Philippine_coat-of-arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Poland]] || [[Image:Herb Polski.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Poland]] |- | [[Pulutugal]] || [[Image:Portugal_coa.png|120px]] |} ==Q== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Qatar]] ||[http://www.qatarembassy.net/headerBanner.jpg] Seal is on left. |} ==R== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Romania]] || [[Image:Coa_romania.png|120px]] |- | [[Russia]] || [[Image:Russia_coa.png|120px]] |- |} ==S== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] || [[Image:skitts22.PNG|120px|Saint Kitts and Nevis: Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Saint Lucia]] || [[Image:St_lucia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] || [[Image:Svincent22.PNG|center|75px]] |- | [[San Salvador]] || [[Image:El Salvador coa.gif|120px|El Salvador COA]] |- | [[Samoa]] || [[Image:Westasmarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[San Marino]] || [[Image:Smarino.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] || [[Image:Saoprinarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Saudi Arabia]] || [[Image:Saudi coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Scotland]] || [[Image:Scottish royal coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Sénégal]] || [[Image:Senegal_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Serbia and Montenegro]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.png|120px|Serbia and Montenegro Caot of Arms]] |- | [[Seyshel]] || [[Image:Seychelles_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sierra Leone]] || [[Image:SLECOA.gif|120px|Sierra Leone Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Sidafrika]] || [[Image:Za-coa.gif]] |- | [[Singapore]] || [[Image:Symbol_crest.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovakia]] || [[Image:Slovakia_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovenia]] || [[Image:Slovenia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Solomon Islands]] || [[Image:Solomon_Islands_coat_of_arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Spain]] || [[Image:Spain_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sri Lanka]] || [[Image:Sri_lanka_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sudani]] || [[Image:Sudan_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Suriname]] || [[Image:Suriname_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Swaziland]] || [[Image:Swazicoa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sweden]] || [[Image:Sweden_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Swisi]] || [[Image:Switzerland_CoA.png|120px]] |- | [[Syria]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Syria.png|120px]] |} ==T== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| Taiwan ([[Republic of China]]) || [[Image:Republic_of_China_National_Emblem.png|120px|National Emblem of the Republic of China]] |- | [[Tajikistan]] || [[Image:Coa tajikistan.jpg|120px]] | [[Thailand]] || [[Image:Thailand_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Togo]] || [[Image:Togoarms22.PNG|center|120px]] |- | [[Tonga]] || [[Image:Tongaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Trinidad and Tobago]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms_Trinidad_and_Tobago.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tshad]] || [[Image:Chad_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tunisia]] || [[Image:Armes_tunisie.jpg|120px|Tunisia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Turkey]] || Turkey has no<br> recognized or <br>established<br> national coat<br> of arms |- | [[Turkmenistan]] || [[Image:Turkmenistan coa.jpg|120px|Turkmenistan Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Tuvalu]] || [[Image:Tuvalu-coa.jpg|120px]] |} ==U== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| | [[Ukraine]] || [[Image:Ukraine_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[United Arab Emirates]] || [[Image:NationalArmsofUAE.png|120px]] |- | [[United Kingdom]] || [[Image:UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[United States]] || [[Image:Great Seal of the US.png|120px|Great Seal of the U.S.]] |- | [[Uruguay]] || [[Image:Uruguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Uzbekistan]] || [[Image:Uzbekistan coa.png|120px|Uzbekistan Coat of Arms]] |} ==V== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Vanuatu]] || [[Image:Vanuatu_coat_of_arms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Vatican City]] || [[Image:Vatican_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Venezuela]] || [[Image:Venezuela_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Vietnami]] || [[Image:Viet-coa.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==W== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Western Sahara]] ([[Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic]]) || [[Image:Lambang_sahara_barat.png]] |- |} ==Y== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Yemen]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Yemen.png|120px]] |} ==Z== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Zambia]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms of Zambia.png|120px|center]] |- |} [[Category:Almwali]] [[en:List of national coats of arms]] [[it:Elenco di stemmi nazionali]] [[nl:Wapenschilden van de wereld]] [[pl:God&#322;a pa&#324;stw &#347;wiata]] [[sk:Gal&#233;ria &#353;t&#225;tnych znakov]] [[sv:Lista över riksvapen]] 7942 2006-04-02T19:41:00Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: fr, he, ro, sr Modifie: en {{Nationalflags}} __NOTOC__ {{compactTOC2}} ==A== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Afganistani]] || [[Image:COA Afghanistan.png|120px]] |- | [[Albania]] || [[Image:Albania_state_emblem.png|120px|center]] |- | [[Aljeria]] || [[Image:Algeria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Alémani]] || [[Image:Bundesadler.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[Bundesadler]]'' (Federal Eagle)</small> |- | [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] || [[Image:morarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Andorra]] || [[Image:Andorra_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Angóla]] || [[Image:Coaofangola.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Antigua and Barbuda]] || [[Image:Antigua_and_barbuda_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Argentina]] || [[Image:Argentina_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Armenia]] || [[Image:Armenia-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Azerbaijan]] || [[Image:Azerbaijan coa.png|120px|]] |- |} ==B== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Bahamas]] || [[Image:Bahamas_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bahrain]] || [[Bahrain coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bangladesh]] || [[Image:Bangladesh_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Barbados]] || [[Image:Barbados_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Belarus]] || [[Image:Belarus_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] || [[Image:Belgium_coat_of_arms_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Belize]] || [[Image:Belize_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bénin]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Benin.png|120px]] |- | [[Bhutan]] || [[Image:Bhutan_emblem.png|120px]] |- | [[Bolivia]] || [[Image:BoliviaArms.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] || [[Image:Bosnia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Botswana]] || [[Image:Bostwanaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Brazil]] || [[Image:Brazil_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Brunei]] || [[Image:Bx-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bulgaria]] || [[Image:Bulgaria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Burkina Faso]] || [[Image:Burkinaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==C== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Cambodia]] || [[Image:Coa cambodia.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Cape Verde]] || [[Image:Capeverdearms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Central African Republic]] || [[Image:Centralaf22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Chile]] || [[Image:Shield_cl.gif|120px]] |- | [[People's Republic of China]] || [[Image:PRC coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Colombia]] || [[Image:Colombia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Costa Rica]] || [[Image:CostaRica_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Croatia]] || [[Image:Croatian Coat of Arms.svg|120px]] |- | [[Cuba]] || [[Image:Cuba_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Cyprus]] || [[Image:Cyprus_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Czech Republic]] || [[Image:Czech_coatofarms.jpg|120px]] |} ==D== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Denmark]] || [[Image:The_small_Danish_Coat_of_Arms.jpg|120px]] |- |- | [[Dominica]] || [[Image:Dominica23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Dominican Republic]] || [[Image:Dominican_republic_coa.gif|120px]] |} ==E== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[East Timor]] || [[Image:East_timor_coa.png|120px|East Timor COA]] |- | [[Ekwateli]] || [[Image:Ecuador COA.jpg|120px|Ecuador COA]] |- | [[Ejipti]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Egypt.png|120px|Golden Eagle - Egypt Coat Of Arms]] |- | [[Estonia]] || [[Image:Estonia coat-of-arms.jpg|100px|120px|Estonia COA]] |- |} ==F== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Fiji]] || [[Image:Fij-coa.gif|120px]] |- | [[Finland]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Finland.svg|120px]] |- | [[France]] || [[Image:Armoiries-fr.jpg|120px]] |- |} ==G== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Gabon]] || [[Image:Gabonarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gambia]] || [[Image:Gambiaarms21.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] || [[Image:Georgian_COA.jpg|140px]] |- | [[Ghana]] || [[Image:Ghanaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Greece]] || [[Image:Greece_coa.png|120px|Greece Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Grenada]] || [[Image:Grenadaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Guatemala]] || [[Image:GUAcoat.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Guernsey]] || [[Image:Guernsey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Guernsey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Gine]] || [[Image:Guineaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gine-Bisau]] || [[Image:Coaguinea-bissau.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] || [[Image:Equatorial Guinea coa.png|120px|Equatorial Guinea COA]] |- | [[Guyana]] || [[Image:Guyana_coa.png|120px]] |} ==H== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Haiti]] || [[Image:Haiti_coat_of_arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Holanda]] || [[Image:Arms_netherlands_small.gif|120px|Netherlands Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Honduras]] || [[Image:Honduras_COA.gif|120px|Honduras COA]] |- | [[Hungary]] || [[Image:Hungary_COA.jpg|center|120px]] |} ==I== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Iceland]] || [[Image:ISLcoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[India]] || [[Image:EmblemofIndia-small.png|center]] |- | [[Indonesia]] || [[Image:Indonesiacoatofarms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Iran]] || [[Image:Iran_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Iraq]] || [[Image:Iraq-COA.png|120px]] |- | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] || [[Image:Ireland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Isle of Man]] || [[Image:Isle of Man Arms Small.png|120px|Isle of Man Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Israel]] || [[Image:Israel-coa-medium.png|120px]] |- | [[Italy]] || [[Image:Italian_coa.png|120px|Italian COA]] |} ==J== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Japan]] || [[Image:Japan_coa.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[National and Imperial Seal]]''</small> |- | [[Jersey]] || [[Image:Jersey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Jersey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Jordan]] || [[Image:Coat of Jordan.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Jordan]] |} ==K== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Kamerun]] || [[Image:Cameroon coa.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Kanadá]] || [[Image:Bigcancoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kazakhstan]] || [[image:Embelm_KZ.png|120px]] |- | [[Kiribati]] || [[Image:Kiribaticoa.gif|120px]] |- | [[North Korea]] || [[Image:North_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[South Korea]] || [[Image:South_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Komori]] || [[Image:Comoros_coat_of_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] || [[Image:Congocofarms2.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] || [[Image:Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png|120px]] |- | [[Kotdivuar]] || [[Image:Coa cote d ivory.jpg||120px]] |- | [[Kuwait]] || [[Image:KUW-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kyrgyzstan]] || [[Image:Kyrgyziarms.gif|120px]] |} ==L== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Laos]] || [[Image:Laos_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Latvia]] || [[Image:Latvijas lielais gerbonis.gif|140px]] |- | [[Lebanon]] || [[Image:Lebanese_COA.png|120px|Lebanese COA]] |- | [[Lesotho]] || [[Image:Lesothoarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Liberia]] || [[Image:Lib-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Libîya]] || [[Image:Libyseal.gif|120px|Libya Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Liechtenstein]] || [[Image:Liechtenstein_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Lithuania]] || [[Image:Lithuanian_vytis.png|120px]] |- | [[Luksambur]] || [[Image:Luxarms.gif|center|120px]] |} ==M== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| (Former Yugoslav) <br> [[Republic of Macedonia]] || [[Image:Grb.gif|120px|Macedonia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Madagascar]] || [[Image:Madagascar_COA.png|120px|Madagasar COA]] |- | [[Malawi]] || [[Image:Malawiarms20.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Malaysia]] || [[Image:Malaysia_Coat_of_Arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Maldives]] || [[Image:Maldives-emblem.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mali]] || [[Image:Maliarms22.PNG]] |- | [[Malta]] || [[Image:Malta_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Marshall Islands]] || [[Image:Marshall_Islands_COA.gif|120px|Marshall Islands COA]] |- | [[Moritani]] || [[Image:maurarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Mauritius]] || [[Image:Mauritius_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mexico]] || [[Image:Mexico_coat_of_arms_(small).png|120px]] |- | [[Federated States of Micronesia]] || [[Image:Micronesie_COA.gif|120px|Micronesia COA]] |- | [[Moldova]] || [[Image:Mda_coa.gif|120px|Moldova Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Monaco]] || [[Image:Monaco_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mongolia]] || [[Image:Suld.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mozambiki]] || [[Image:Mozambique_COA.png|120px|Coat of arms of Mozambique]] |- | [[Myanmar]] || [[Image:Myanmar_COA.gif|120px|Coat of arms of Myanmar]] |} ==N== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Namibia]] || [[Image:Namibia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nauru]] || [[Image:Nauru_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nepal]] || [[Image:Nepal_COA.gif|120px|Nepal COA]] |- | [[New Zealand]] || [[Image:New_zealand_coa.png|120px|New Zealand COA]] |- | [[Nicaragua]] || [[Image:Nicaragua-coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Nijer]] || [[Image:Nigerarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Nijéria]] || [[Image:Nigeriaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Norway]] || [[Image:Norway_coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==O== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Omani]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- | [[Ostralía]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- | [[Otrishi]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- |} ==P== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Pakistan]] || [[Image:Pakarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Palau]] ||[http://www.bdarop.com/images/Officials/Executive/execseal.gif] This is the Exectutive<br> Seal, but is close in form<br> to the National Arms. |- | [[Panama]] || [[Image:Escudo_armas_Panama.PNG|120px|Panama COA]] |- | [[Papua New Guinea]] || [[Image:PapuaNewGuinea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Paraguay]] || [[Image:Paraguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Peru]] || [[Image:Coa_Peru.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Philippines]] || [[Image:Philippine_coat-of-arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Poland]] || [[Image:Herb Polski.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Poland]] |- | [[Pulutugal]] || [[Image:Portugal_coa.png|120px]] |} ==Q== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Qatar]] ||[http://www.qatarembassy.net/headerBanner.jpg] Seal is on left. |} ==R== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Romania]] || [[Image:Coa_romania.png|120px]] |- | [[Russia]] || [[Image:Russia_coa.png|120px]] |- |} ==S== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] || [[Image:skitts22.PNG|120px|Saint Kitts and Nevis: Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Saint Lucia]] || [[Image:St_lucia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] || [[Image:Svincent22.PNG|center|75px]] |- | [[San Salvador]] || [[Image:El Salvador coa.gif|120px|El Salvador COA]] |- | [[Samoa]] || [[Image:Westasmarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[San Marino]] || [[Image:Smarino.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] || [[Image:Saoprinarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Saudi Arabia]] || [[Image:Saudi coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Scotland]] || [[Image:Scottish royal coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Sénégal]] || [[Image:Senegal_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Serbia and Montenegro]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.png|120px|Serbia and Montenegro Caot of Arms]] |- | [[Seyshel]] || [[Image:Seychelles_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sierra Leone]] || [[Image:SLECOA.gif|120px|Sierra Leone Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Sidafrika]] || [[Image:Za-coa.gif]] |- | [[Singapore]] || [[Image:Symbol_crest.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovakia]] || [[Image:Slovakia_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovenia]] || [[Image:Slovenia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Solomon Islands]] || [[Image:Solomon_Islands_coat_of_arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Spain]] || [[Image:Spain_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sri Lanka]] || [[Image:Sri_lanka_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sudani]] || [[Image:Sudan_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Suriname]] || [[Image:Suriname_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Swaziland]] || [[Image:Swazicoa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sweden]] || [[Image:Sweden_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Swisi]] || [[Image:Switzerland_CoA.png|120px]] |- | [[Syria]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Syria.png|120px]] |} ==T== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| Taiwan ([[Republic of China]]) || [[Image:Republic_of_China_National_Emblem.png|120px|National Emblem of the Republic of China]] |- | [[Tajikistan]] || [[Image:Coa tajikistan.jpg|120px]] | [[Thailand]] || [[Image:Thailand_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Togo]] || [[Image:Togoarms22.PNG|center|120px]] |- | [[Tonga]] || [[Image:Tongaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Trinidad and Tobago]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms_Trinidad_and_Tobago.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tshad]] || [[Image:Chad_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tunisia]] || [[Image:Armes_tunisie.jpg|120px|Tunisia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Turkey]] || Turkey has no<br> recognized or <br>established<br> national coat<br> of arms |- | [[Turkmenistan]] || [[Image:Turkmenistan coa.jpg|120px|Turkmenistan Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Tuvalu]] || [[Image:Tuvalu-coa.jpg|120px]] |} ==U== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| | [[Ukraine]] || [[Image:Ukraine_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[United Arab Emirates]] || [[Image:NationalArmsofUAE.png|120px]] |- | [[United Kingdom]] || [[Image:UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[United States]] || [[Image:Great Seal of the US.png|120px|Great Seal of the U.S.]] |- | [[Uruguay]] || [[Image:Uruguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Uzbekistan]] || [[Image:Uzbekistan coa.png|120px|Uzbekistan Coat of Arms]] |} ==V== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Vanuatu]] || [[Image:Vanuatu_coat_of_arms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Vatican City]] || [[Image:Vatican_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Venezuela]] || [[Image:Venezuela_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Vietnami]] || [[Image:Viet-coa.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==W== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Western Sahara]] ([[Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic]]) || [[Image:Lambang_sahara_barat.png]] |- |} ==Y== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Yemen]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Yemen.png|120px]] |} ==Z== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Zambia]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms of Zambia.png|120px|center]] |- |} [[Category:Almwali]] [[en:Gallery of sovereign state coats of arms]] [[fr:Galerie des emblèmes des pays du monde]] [[he:גלריית סמלי מדינות העולם]] [[it:Elenco di stemmi nazionali]] [[nl:Wapenschilden van de wereld]] [[pl:Godła państw świata]] [[ro:Galerie de steme de state suverane]] [[sk:Galéria štátnych znakov]] [[sr:Списак државних грбова]] [[sv:Lista över riksvapen]] 8000 2006-04-10T17:59:32Z 88.0.66.247 {{Nationalflags}} __NOTOC__ {{compactTOC2}} ==A== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Afganistani]] || [[Image:COA Afghanistan.png|120px]] |- | [[Albania]] || [[Image:Albania_state_emblem.png|120px|center]] |- | [[Aljeria]] || [[Image:Algeria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Alémani]] || [[Image:Bundesadler.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[Bundesadler]]'' (Federal Eagle)</small> |- | [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] || [[Image:morarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Andorra]] || [[Image:Andorra_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Angóla]] || [[Image:Coaofangola.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Antigua and Barbuda]] || [[Image:Antigua_and_barbuda_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Argentina]] || [[Image:Argentina_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Armenia]] || [[Image:Armenia-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Azerbaijan]] || [[Image:Azerbaijan coa.png|120px|]] |- |} ==B== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Bahamas]] || [[Image:Bahamas_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bahrain]] || [[Bahrain coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bangladesh]] || [[Image:Bangladesh_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Barbados]] || [[Image:Barbados_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Belarus]] || [[Image:Belarus_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] || [[Image:Belgium_coat_of_arms_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Belize]] || [[Image:Belize_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bénin]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Benin.png|120px]] |- | [[Bhutan]] || [[Image:Bhutan_emblem.png|120px]] |- | [[Bolivia]] || [[Image:BoliviaArms.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] || [[Image:Bosnia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Botswana]] || [[Image:Bostwanaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Brazil]] || [[Image:Brazil_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Brunei]] || [[Image:Bx-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bulgaria]] || [[Image:Bulgaria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Burkina Faso]] || [[Image:Burkinaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==C== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Cambodia]] || [[Image:Coa cambodia.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Cape Verde]] || [[Image:Capeverdearms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Central African Republic]] || [[Image:Centralaf22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Chile]] || [[Image:Shield_cl.gif|120px]] |- | [[People's Republic of China]] || [[Image:PRC coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Colombia]] || [[Image:Colombia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Costa Rica]] || [[Image:CostaRica_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Croatia]] || [[Image:Croatian Coat of Arms.svg|120px]] |- | [[Cuba]] || [[Image:Cuba_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Cyprus]] || [[Image:Cyprus_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Czech Republic]] || [[Image:Czech_coatofarms.jpg|120px]] |} ==D== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Denmark]] || [[Image:The_small_Danish_Coat_of_Arms.jpg|120px]] |- |- | [[Dominica]] || [[Image:Dominica23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Dominican Republic]] || [[Image:Dominican_republic_coa.gif|120px]] |} ==E== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[East Timor]] || [[Image:East_timor_coa.png|120px|East Timor COA]] |- | [[Ekwateli]] || [[Image:Ecuador COA.jpg|120px|Ecuador COA]] |- | [[Ejipti]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Egypt.png|120px|Golden Eagle - Egypt Coat Of Arms]] |- | [[Estonia]] || [[Image:Estonia coat-of-arms.jpg|100px|120px|Estonia COA]] |- |} ==F== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Fiji]] || [[Image:Fij-coa.gif|120px]] |- | [[Finland]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Finland.svg|120px]] |- | [[France]] || [[Image:Armoiries-fr.jpg|120px]] |- |} ==G== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Gabon]] || [[Image:Gabonarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gambia]] || [[Image:Gambiaarms21.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] || [[Image:Georgian_COA.jpg|140px]] |- | [[Ghana]] || [[Image:Ghanaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Greece]] || [[Image:Greece_coa.png|120px|Greece Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Grenada]] || [[Image:Grenadaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Guatemala]] || [[Image:GUAcoat.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Guernsey]] || [[Image:Guernsey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Guernsey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Gine]] || [[Image:Guineaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gine-Bisau]] || [[Image:Coaguinea-bissau.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] || [[Image:Equatorial Guinea coa.png|120px|Equatorial Guinea COA]] |- | [[Guyana]] || [[Image:Guyana_coa.png|120px]] |} ==H== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Haiti]] || [[Image:Haiti_coat_of_arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Holanda]] || [[Image:Arms_netherlands_small.gif|120px|Netherlands Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Honduras]] || [[Image:Honduras_COA.gif|120px|Honduras COA]] |- | [[Hungary]] || [[Image:Hungary_COA.jpg|center|120px]] |} ==I== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Iceland]] || [[Image:ISLcoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[India]] || [[Image:EmblemofIndia-small.png|center]] |- | [[Indonesia]] || [[Image:Indonesiacoatofarms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Iran]] || [[Image:Iran_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Iraq]] || [[Image:Iraq-COA.png|120px]] |- | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] || [[Image:Ireland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Isle of Man]] || [[Image:Isle of Man Arms Small.png|120px|Isle of Man Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Israel]] || [[Image:Israel-coa-medium.png|120px]] |- | [[Italy]] || [[Image:Italian_coa.png|120px|Italian COA]] |} ==J== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Japan]] || [[Image:Japan_coa.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[National and Imperial Seal]]''</small> |- | [[Jersey]] || [[Image:Jersey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Jersey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Jordan]] || [[Image:Coat of Jordan.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Jordan]] |} ==K== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Kamerun]] || [[Image:Cameroon coa.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Kanadá]] || [[Image:Bigcancoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kazakhstan]] || [[image:Embelm_KZ.png|120px]] |- | [[Kiribati]] || [[Image:Kiribaticoa.gif|120px]] |- | [[North Korea]] || [[Image:North_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[South Korea]] || [[Image:South_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Komori]] || [[Image:Comoros_coat_of_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] || [[Image:Congocofarms2.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] || [[Image:Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png|120px]] |- | [[Kotdivuar]] || [[Image:Coa cote d ivory.jpg||120px]] |- | [[Kuwait]] || [[Image:KUW-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kyrgyzstan]] || [[Image:Kyrgyziarms.gif|120px]] |} ==L== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Laos]] || [[Image:Laos_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Latvia]] || [[Image:Latvijas lielais gerbonis.gif|140px]] |- | [[Lebanon]] || [[Image:Lebanese_COA.png|120px|Lebanese COA]] |- | [[Lesotho]] || [[Image:Lesothoarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Liberia]] || [[Image:Lib-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Libîya]] || [[Image:Libyseal.gif|120px|Libya Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Liechtenstein]] || [[Image:Liechtenstein_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Lithuania]] || [[Image:Lithuanian_vytis.png|120px]] |- | [[Luksambur]] || [[Image:Luxarms.gif|center|120px]] |} ==M== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| (Former Yugoslav) <br> [[Republic of Macedonia]] || [[Image:Grb.gif|120px|Macedonia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Madagascar]] || [[Image:Madagascar_COA.png|120px|Madagasar COA]] |- | [[Malawi]] || [[Image:Malawiarms20.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Malaysia]] || [[Image:Malaysia_Coat_of_Arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Maldives]] || [[Image:Maldives-emblem.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mali]] || [[Image:Maliarms22.PNG]] |- | [[Malta]] || [[Image:Malta_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Marshall Islands]] || [[Image:Marshall_Islands_COA.gif|120px|Marshall Islands COA]] |- | [[Moritani]] || [[Image:maurarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Mauritius]] || [[Image:Mauritius_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mexico]] || [[Image:Mexico_coat_of_arms_(small).png|120px]] |- | [[Federated States of Micronesia]] || [[Image:Micronesie_COA.gif|120px|Micronesia COA]] |- | [[Moldova]] || [[Image:Mda_coa.gif|120px|Moldova Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Monaco]] || [[Image:Monaco_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mongolia]] || [[Image:Suld.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mozambiki]] || [[Image:Mozambique_COA.png|120px|Coat of arms of Mozambique]] |- | [[Myanmar]] || [[Image:Myanmar_COA.gif|120px|Coat of arms of Myanmar]] |} ==N== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Namibia]] || [[Image:Namibia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nauru]] || [[Image:Nauru_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nepal]] || [[Image:Nepal_COA.gif|120px|Nepal COA]] |- | [[New Zealand]] || [[Image:New_zealand_coa.png|120px|New Zealand COA]] |- | [[Nicaragua]] || [[Image:Nicaragua-coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Nijer]] || [[Image:Nigerarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Nijéria]] || [[Image:Nigeriaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Norway]] || [[Image:Norway_coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==O== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Omani]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- | [[Ostralía]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- | [[Otrishi]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- |} ==P== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Pakistan]] || [[Image:Pakarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Palau]] ||[http://www.bdarop.com/images/Officials/Executive/execseal.gif] This is the Exectutive<br> Seal, but is close in form<br> to the National Arms. |- | [[Panama]] || [[Image:Escudo_armas_Panama.PNG|120px|Panama COA]] |- | [[Papua New Guinea]] || [[Image:PapuaNewGuinea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Paraguay]] || [[Image:Paraguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Peru]] || [[Image:Coa_Peru.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Philippines]] || [[Image:Philippine_coat-of-arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Poland]] || [[Image:Herb Polski.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Poland]] |- | [[Pulutugal]] || [[Image:Portugal_coa.png|120px]] |} ==Q== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Qatar]] ||[http://www.qatarembassy.net/headerBanner.jpg] Seal is on left. |} ==R== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Romania]] || [[Image:Coa_romania.png|120px]] |- | [[Russia]] || [[Image:Russia_coa.png|120px]] |- |} ==S== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] || [[Image:skitts22.PNG|120px|Saint Kitts and Nevis: Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Saint Lucia]] || [[Image:St_lucia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] || [[Image:Svincent22.PNG|center|75px]] |- | [[San Salvador]] || [[Image:El Salvador coa.gif|120px|El Salvador COA]] |- | [[Samoa]] || [[Image:Westasmarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[San Marino]] || [[Image:Smarino.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] || [[Image:Saoprinarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Saudi Arabia]] || [[Image:Saudi coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Scotland]] || [[Image:Scottish royal coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Sénégal]] || [[Image:Senegal_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Serbia and Montenegro]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.png|120px|Serbia and Montenegro Caot of Arms]] |- | [[Seyshel]] || [[Image:Seychelles_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sierra Leone]] || [[Image:SLECOA.gif|120px|Sierra Leone Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Sidafrika]] || [[Image:Za-coa.gif]] |- | [[Singapore]] || [[Image:Symbol_crest.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovakia]] || [[Image:Slovakia_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovenia]] || [[Image:Slovenia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Solomon Islands]] || [[Image:Solomon_Islands_coat_of_arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Spain]] || [[Image:Spain_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sri Lanka]] || [[Image:Sri_lanka_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sudani]] || [[Image:Sudan_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Suriname]] || [[Image:Suriname_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Swaziland]] || [[Image:Swazicoa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sweden]] || [[Image:Sweden_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Swisi]] || [[Image:Switzerland_CoA.png|120px]] |- | [[Syria]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Syria.png|120px]] |} ==T== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| Taiwan ([[Republic of China]]) || [[Image:Republic_of_China_National_Emblem.png|120px|National Emblem of the Republic of China]] |- | [[Tajikistan]] || [[Image:Coa tajikistan.jpg|120px]] | [[Thailand]] || [[Image:Thailand_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Togo]] || [[Image:Togoarms22.PNG|center|120px]] |- | [[Tonga]] || [[Image:Tongaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Trinidad and Tobago]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms_Trinidad_and_Tobago.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tshad]] || [[Image:Chad_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tunisia]] || [[Image:Armes_tunisie.jpg|120px|Tunisia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Turkey]] || Turkey has no<br> recognized or <br>established<br> national coat<br> of arms |- | [[Turkmenistan]] || [[Image:Turkmenistan coa.jpg|120px|Turkmenistan Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Tuvalu]] || [[Image:Tuvalu-coa.jpg|120px]] |} ==U== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| | [[Ukraine]] || [[Image:Ukraine_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[United Arab Emirates]] || [[Image:NationalArmsofUAE.png|120px]] |- | [[United Kingdom]] || [[Image:UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[United States]] || [[Image:Great Seal of the US.png|120px|Great Seal of the U.S.]] |- | [[Uruguay]] || [[Image:Uruguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Uzbekistan]] || [[Image:Uzbekistan coa.png|120px|Uzbekistan Coat of Arms]] |} ==V== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Vanuatu]] || [[Image:Vanuatu_coat_of_arms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Vatican City]] || [[Image:Vatican_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Venezuela]] || [[Image:Venezuela_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Vietnami]] || [[Image:Viet-coa.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==W== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Western Sahara]] ([[Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic]]) || [[Image:Lambang_sahara_barat.png]] |- |} ==Y== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Yemen]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Yemen.png|120px]] |} ==Z== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Zambia]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms of Zambia.png|120px|center]] |- |} [[Category:Almwali]] [[en:Gallery of sovereign state coats of arms]] [[es:Galería de escudos de estados soberanos]] [[fr:Galerie des emblèmes des pays du monde]] [[he:גלריית סמלי מדינות העולם]] [[it:Elenco di stemmi nazionali]] [[nl:Wapenschilden van de wereld]] [[pl:Godła państw świata]] [[ro:Galerie de steme de state suverane]] [[sk:Galéria štátnych znakov]] [[sr:Списак државних грбова]] [[sv:Lista över riksvapen]] 8030 2006-04-19T23:45:48Z 62.65.107.156 /* L */ Lesotho {{Nationalflags}} __NOTOC__ {{compactTOC2}} ==A== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Afganistani]] || [[Image:COA Afghanistan.png|120px]] |- | [[Albania]] || [[Image:Albania_state_emblem.png|120px|center]] |- | [[Aljeria]] || [[Image:Algeria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Alémani]] || [[Image:Bundesadler.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[Bundesadler]]'' (Federal Eagle)</small> |- | [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] || [[Image:morarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Andorra]] || [[Image:Andorra_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Angóla]] || [[Image:Coaofangola.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Antigua and Barbuda]] || [[Image:Antigua_and_barbuda_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Argentina]] || [[Image:Argentina_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Armenia]] || [[Image:Armenia-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Azerbaijan]] || [[Image:Azerbaijan coa.png|120px|]] |- |} ==B== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Bahamas]] || [[Image:Bahamas_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bahrain]] || [[Bahrain coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bangladesh]] || [[Image:Bangladesh_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Barbados]] || [[Image:Barbados_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Belarus]] || [[Image:Belarus_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] || [[Image:Belgium_coat_of_arms_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Belize]] || [[Image:Belize_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bénin]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Benin.png|120px]] |- | [[Bhutan]] || [[Image:Bhutan_emblem.png|120px]] |- | [[Bolivia]] || [[Image:BoliviaArms.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] || [[Image:Bosnia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Botswana]] || [[Image:Bostwanaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Brazil]] || [[Image:Brazil_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Brunei]] || [[Image:Bx-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bulgaria]] || [[Image:Bulgaria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Burkina Faso]] || [[Image:Burkinaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==C== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Cambodia]] || [[Image:Coa cambodia.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Cape Verde]] || [[Image:Capeverdearms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Central African Republic]] || [[Image:Centralaf22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Chile]] || [[Image:Shield_cl.gif|120px]] |- | [[People's Republic of China]] || [[Image:PRC coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Colombia]] || [[Image:Colombia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Costa Rica]] || [[Image:CostaRica_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Croatia]] || [[Image:Croatian Coat of Arms.svg|120px]] |- | [[Cuba]] || [[Image:Cuba_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Cyprus]] || [[Image:Cyprus_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Czech Republic]] || [[Image:Czech_coatofarms.jpg|120px]] |} ==D== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Denmark]] || [[Image:The_small_Danish_Coat_of_Arms.jpg|120px]] |- |- | [[Dominica]] || [[Image:Dominica23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Dominican Republic]] || [[Image:Dominican_republic_coa.gif|120px]] |} ==E== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[East Timor]] || [[Image:East_timor_coa.png|120px|East Timor COA]] |- | [[Ekwateli]] || [[Image:Ecuador COA.jpg|120px|Ecuador COA]] |- | [[Ejipti]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Egypt.png|120px|Golden Eagle - Egypt Coat Of Arms]] |- | [[Estonia]] || [[Image:Estonia coat-of-arms.jpg|100px|120px|Estonia COA]] |- |} ==F== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Fiji]] || [[Image:Fij-coa.gif|120px]] |- | [[Finland]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Finland.svg|120px]] |- | [[France]] || [[Image:Armoiries-fr.jpg|120px]] |- |} ==G== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Gabon]] || [[Image:Gabonarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gambia]] || [[Image:Gambiaarms21.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] || [[Image:Georgian_COA.jpg|140px]] |- | [[Ghana]] || [[Image:Ghanaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Greece]] || [[Image:Greece_coa.png|120px|Greece Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Grenada]] || [[Image:Grenadaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Guatemala]] || [[Image:GUAcoat.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Guernsey]] || [[Image:Guernsey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Guernsey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Gine]] || [[Image:Guineaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gine-Bisau]] || [[Image:Coaguinea-bissau.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] || [[Image:Equatorial Guinea coa.png|120px|Equatorial Guinea COA]] |- | [[Guyana]] || [[Image:Guyana_coa.png|120px]] |} ==H== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Haiti]] || [[Image:Haiti_coat_of_arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Holanda]] || [[Image:Arms_netherlands_small.gif|120px|Netherlands Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Honduras]] || [[Image:Honduras_COA.gif|120px|Honduras COA]] |- | [[Hungary]] || [[Image:Hungary_COA.jpg|center|120px]] |} ==I== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Iceland]] || [[Image:ISLcoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[India]] || [[Image:EmblemofIndia-small.png|center]] |- | [[Indonesia]] || [[Image:Indonesiacoatofarms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Iran]] || [[Image:Iran_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Iraq]] || [[Image:Iraq-COA.png|120px]] |- | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] || [[Image:Ireland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Isle of Man]] || [[Image:Isle of Man Arms Small.png|120px|Isle of Man Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Israel]] || [[Image:Israel-coa-medium.png|120px]] |- | [[Italy]] || [[Image:Italian_coa.png|120px|Italian COA]] |} ==J== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Japan]] || [[Image:Japan_coa.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[National and Imperial Seal]]''</small> |- | [[Jersey]] || [[Image:Jersey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Jersey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Jordan]] || [[Image:Coat of Jordan.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Jordan]] |} ==K== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Kamerun]] || [[Image:Cameroon coa.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Kanadá]] || [[Image:Bigcancoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kazakhstan]] || [[image:Embelm_KZ.png|120px]] |- | [[Kiribati]] || [[Image:Kiribaticoa.gif|120px]] |- | [[North Korea]] || [[Image:North_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[South Korea]] || [[Image:South_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Komori]] || [[Image:Comoros_coat_of_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] || [[Image:Congocofarms2.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] || [[Image:Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png|120px]] |- | [[Kotdivuar]] || [[Image:Coa cote d ivory.jpg||120px]] |- | [[Kuwait]] || [[Image:KUW-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kyrgyzstan]] || [[Image:Kyrgyziarms.gif|120px]] |} ==L== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Laos]] || [[Image:Laos_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Latvia]] || [[Image:Latvijas lielais gerbonis.gif|140px]] |- | [[Lebanon]] || [[Image:Lebanon coa.png|120px|Lebanese COA]] |- | [[Lesotho]] || [[Image:Lesotho coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Liberia]] || [[Image:Lib-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Libîya]] || [[Image:Libyseal.gif|120px|Libya Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Liechtenstein]] || [[Image:Liechtenstein_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Lithuania]] || [[Image:Lithuanian_vytis.png|120px]] |- | [[Luksambur]] || [[Image:Luxarms.gif|center|120px]] |} ==M== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| (Former Yugoslav) <br> [[Republic of Macedonia]] || [[Image:Grb.gif|120px|Macedonia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Madagascar]] || [[Image:Madagascar_COA.png|120px|Madagasar COA]] |- | [[Malawi]] || [[Image:Malawiarms20.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Malaysia]] || [[Image:Malaysia_Coat_of_Arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Maldives]] || [[Image:Maldives-emblem.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mali]] || [[Image:Maliarms22.PNG]] |- | [[Malta]] || [[Image:Malta_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Marshall Islands]] || [[Image:Marshall_Islands_COA.gif|120px|Marshall Islands COA]] |- | [[Moritani]] || [[Image:maurarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Mauritius]] || [[Image:Mauritius_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mexico]] || [[Image:Mexico_coat_of_arms_(small).png|120px]] |- | [[Federated States of Micronesia]] || [[Image:Micronesie_COA.gif|120px|Micronesia COA]] |- | [[Moldova]] || [[Image:Mda_coa.gif|120px|Moldova Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Monaco]] || [[Image:Monaco_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mongolia]] || [[Image:Suld.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mozambiki]] || [[Image:Mozambique_COA.png|120px|Coat of arms of Mozambique]] |- | [[Myanmar]] || [[Image:Myanmar_COA.gif|120px|Coat of arms of Myanmar]] |} ==N== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Namibia]] || [[Image:Namibia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nauru]] || [[Image:Nauru_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nepal]] || [[Image:Nepal_COA.gif|120px|Nepal COA]] |- | [[New Zealand]] || [[Image:New_zealand_coa.png|120px|New Zealand COA]] |- | [[Nicaragua]] || [[Image:Nicaragua-coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Nijer]] || [[Image:Nigerarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Nijéria]] || [[Image:Nigeriaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Norway]] || [[Image:Norway_coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==O== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Omani]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- | [[Ostralía]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- | [[Otrishi]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- |} ==P== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Pakistan]] || [[Image:Pakarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Palau]] ||[http://www.bdarop.com/images/Officials/Executive/execseal.gif] This is the Exectutive<br> Seal, but is close in form<br> to the National Arms. |- | [[Panama]] || [[Image:Escudo_armas_Panama.PNG|120px|Panama COA]] |- | [[Papua New Guinea]] || [[Image:PapuaNewGuinea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Paraguay]] || [[Image:Paraguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Peru]] || [[Image:Coa_Peru.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Philippines]] || [[Image:Philippine_coat-of-arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Poland]] || [[Image:Herb Polski.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Poland]] |- | [[Pulutugal]] || [[Image:Portugal_coa.png|120px]] |} ==Q== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Qatar]] ||[http://www.qatarembassy.net/headerBanner.jpg] Seal is on left. |} ==R== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Romania]] || [[Image:Coa_romania.png|120px]] |- | [[Russia]] || [[Image:Russia_coa.png|120px]] |- |} ==S== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] || [[Image:skitts22.PNG|120px|Saint Kitts and Nevis: Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Saint Lucia]] || [[Image:St_lucia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] || [[Image:Svincent22.PNG|center|75px]] |- | [[San Salvador]] || [[Image:El Salvador coa.gif|120px|El Salvador COA]] |- | [[Samoa]] || [[Image:Westasmarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[San Marino]] || [[Image:Smarino.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] || [[Image:Saoprinarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Saudi Arabia]] || [[Image:Saudi coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Scotland]] || [[Image:Scottish royal coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Sénégal]] || [[Image:Senegal_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Serbia and Montenegro]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.png|120px|Serbia and Montenegro Caot of Arms]] |- | [[Seyshel]] || [[Image:Seychelles_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sierra Leone]] || [[Image:SLECOA.gif|120px|Sierra Leone Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Sidafrika]] || [[Image:Za-coa.gif]] |- | [[Singapore]] || [[Image:Symbol_crest.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovakia]] || [[Image:Slovakia_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovenia]] || [[Image:Slovenia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Solomon Islands]] || [[Image:Solomon_Islands_coat_of_arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Spain]] || [[Image:Spain_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sri Lanka]] || [[Image:Sri_lanka_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sudani]] || [[Image:Sudan_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Suriname]] || [[Image:Suriname_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Swaziland]] || [[Image:Swazicoa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sweden]] || [[Image:Sweden_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Swisi]] || [[Image:Switzerland_CoA.png|120px]] |- | [[Syria]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Syria.png|120px]] |} ==T== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| Taiwan ([[Republic of China]]) || [[Image:Republic_of_China_National_Emblem.png|120px|National Emblem of the Republic of China]] |- | [[Tajikistan]] || [[Image:Coa tajikistan.jpg|120px]] | [[Thailand]] || [[Image:Thailand_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Togo]] || [[Image:Togoarms22.PNG|center|120px]] |- | [[Tonga]] || [[Image:Tongaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Trinidad and Tobago]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms_Trinidad_and_Tobago.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tshad]] || [[Image:Chad_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tunisia]] || [[Image:Armes_tunisie.jpg|120px|Tunisia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Turkey]] || Turkey has no<br> recognized or <br>established<br> national coat<br> of arms |- | [[Turkmenistan]] || [[Image:Turkmenistan coa.jpg|120px|Turkmenistan Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Tuvalu]] || [[Image:Tuvalu-coa.jpg|120px]] |} ==U== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| | [[Ukraine]] || [[Image:Ukraine_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[United Arab Emirates]] || [[Image:NationalArmsofUAE.png|120px]] |- | [[United Kingdom]] || [[Image:UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[United States]] || [[Image:Great Seal of the US.png|120px|Great Seal of the U.S.]] |- | [[Uruguay]] || [[Image:Uruguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Uzbekistan]] || [[Image:Uzbekistan coa.png|120px|Uzbekistan Coat of Arms]] |} ==V== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Vanuatu]] || [[Image:Vanuatu_coat_of_arms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Vatican City]] || [[Image:Vatican_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Venezuela]] || [[Image:Venezuela_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Vietnami]] || [[Image:Viet-coa.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==W== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Western Sahara]] ([[Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic]]) || [[Image:Lambang_sahara_barat.png]] |- |} ==Y== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Yemen]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Yemen.png|120px]] |} ==Z== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Zambia]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms of Zambia.png|120px|center]] |- |} [[Category:Almwali]] [[en:Gallery of sovereign state coats of arms]] [[es:Galería de escudos de estados soberanos]] [[fr:Galerie des emblèmes des pays du monde]] [[he:גלריית סמלי מדינות העולם]] [[it:Elenco di stemmi nazionali]] [[nl:Wapenschilden van de wereld]] [[pl:Godła państw świata]] [[ro:Galerie de steme de state suverane]] [[sk:Galéria štátnych znakov]] [[sr:Списак државних грбова]] [[sv:Lista över riksvapen]] 8073 2006-04-25T20:12:54Z 84.189.250.190 /* A */ {{Nationalflags}} __NOTOC__ {{compactTOC2}} ==A== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Afganistani]] || [[Image:COA Afghanistan.png|120px]] |- | [[Albania]] || [[Image:Albania_state_emblem.png|120px|center]] |- | [[Aljeria]] || [[Image:Algeria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Alémani]] || [[Image:Coat of Arms of Germany.svg|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[Bundesadler]]'' (Federal Eagle)</small> |- | [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] || [[Image:morarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Andorra]] || [[Image:Andorra_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Angóla]] || [[Image:Coaofangola.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Antigua and Barbuda]] || [[Image:Antigua_and_barbuda_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Argentina]] || [[Image:Argentina_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Armenia]] || [[Image:Armenia-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Azerbaijan]] || [[Image:Azerbaijan coa.png|120px|]] |- |} ==B== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Bahamas]] || [[Image:Bahamas_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bahrain]] || [[Bahrain coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bangladesh]] || [[Image:Bangladesh_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Barbados]] || [[Image:Barbados_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Belarus]] || [[Image:Belarus_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] || [[Image:Belgium_coat_of_arms_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Belize]] || [[Image:Belize_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bénin]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Benin.png|120px]] |- | [[Bhutan]] || [[Image:Bhutan_emblem.png|120px]] |- | [[Bolivia]] || [[Image:BoliviaArms.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] || [[Image:Bosnia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Botswana]] || [[Image:Bostwanaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Brazil]] || [[Image:Brazil_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Brunei]] || [[Image:Bx-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bulgaria]] || [[Image:Bulgaria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Burkina Faso]] || [[Image:Burkinaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==C== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Cambodia]] || [[Image:Coa cambodia.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Cape Verde]] || [[Image:Capeverdearms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Central African Republic]] || [[Image:Centralaf22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Chile]] || [[Image:Shield_cl.gif|120px]] |- | [[People's Republic of China]] || [[Image:PRC coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Colombia]] || [[Image:Colombia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Costa Rica]] || [[Image:CostaRica_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Croatia]] || [[Image:Croatian Coat of Arms.svg|120px]] |- | [[Cuba]] || [[Image:Cuba_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Cyprus]] || [[Image:Cyprus_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Czech Republic]] || [[Image:Czech_coatofarms.jpg|120px]] |} ==D== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Denmark]] || [[Image:The_small_Danish_Coat_of_Arms.jpg|120px]] |- |- | [[Dominica]] || [[Image:Dominica23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Dominican Republic]] || [[Image:Dominican_republic_coa.gif|120px]] |} ==E== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[East Timor]] || [[Image:East_timor_coa.png|120px|East Timor COA]] |- | [[Ekwateli]] || [[Image:Ecuador COA.jpg|120px|Ecuador COA]] |- | [[Ejipti]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Egypt.png|120px|Golden Eagle - Egypt Coat Of Arms]] |- | [[Estonia]] || [[Image:Estonia coat-of-arms.jpg|100px|120px|Estonia COA]] |- |} ==F== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Fiji]] || [[Image:Fij-coa.gif|120px]] |- | [[Finland]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Finland.svg|120px]] |- | [[France]] || [[Image:Armoiries-fr.jpg|120px]] |- |} ==G== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Gabon]] || [[Image:Gabonarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gambia]] || [[Image:Gambiaarms21.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] || [[Image:Georgian_COA.jpg|140px]] |- | [[Ghana]] || [[Image:Ghanaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Greece]] || [[Image:Greece_coa.png|120px|Greece Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Grenada]] || [[Image:Grenadaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Guatemala]] || [[Image:GUAcoat.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Guernsey]] || [[Image:Guernsey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Guernsey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Gine]] || [[Image:Guineaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gine-Bisau]] || [[Image:Coaguinea-bissau.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] || [[Image:Equatorial Guinea coa.png|120px|Equatorial Guinea COA]] |- | [[Guyana]] || [[Image:Guyana_coa.png|120px]] |} ==H== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Haiti]] || [[Image:Haiti_coat_of_arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Holanda]] || [[Image:Arms_netherlands_small.gif|120px|Netherlands Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Honduras]] || [[Image:Honduras_COA.gif|120px|Honduras COA]] |- | [[Hungary]] || [[Image:Hungary_COA.jpg|center|120px]] |} ==I== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Iceland]] || [[Image:ISLcoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[India]] || [[Image:EmblemofIndia-small.png|center]] |- | [[Indonesia]] || [[Image:Indonesiacoatofarms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Iran]] || [[Image:Iran_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Iraq]] || [[Image:Iraq-COA.png|120px]] |- | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] || [[Image:Ireland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Isle of Man]] || [[Image:Isle of Man Arms Small.png|120px|Isle of Man Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Israel]] || [[Image:Israel-coa-medium.png|120px]] |- | [[Italy]] || [[Image:Italian_coa.png|120px|Italian COA]] |} ==J== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Japan]] || [[Image:Japan_coa.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[National and Imperial Seal]]''</small> |- | [[Jersey]] || [[Image:Jersey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Jersey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Jordan]] || [[Image:Coat of Jordan.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Jordan]] |} ==K== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Kamerun]] || [[Image:Cameroon coa.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Kanadá]] || [[Image:Bigcancoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kazakhstan]] || [[image:Embelm_KZ.png|120px]] |- | [[Kiribati]] || [[Image:Kiribaticoa.gif|120px]] |- | [[North Korea]] || [[Image:North_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[South Korea]] || [[Image:South_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Komori]] || [[Image:Comoros_coat_of_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] || [[Image:Congocofarms2.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] || [[Image:Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png|120px]] |- | [[Kotdivuar]] || [[Image:Coa cote d ivory.jpg||120px]] |- | [[Kuwait]] || [[Image:KUW-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kyrgyzstan]] || [[Image:Kyrgyziarms.gif|120px]] |} ==L== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Laos]] || [[Image:Laos_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Latvia]] || [[Image:Latvijas lielais gerbonis.gif|140px]] |- | [[Lebanon]] || [[Image:Lebanon coa.png|120px|Lebanese COA]] |- | [[Lesotho]] || [[Image:Lesotho coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Liberia]] || [[Image:Lib-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Libîya]] || [[Image:Libyseal.gif|120px|Libya Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Liechtenstein]] || [[Image:Liechtenstein_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Lithuania]] || [[Image:Lithuanian_vytis.png|120px]] |- | [[Luksambur]] || [[Image:Luxarms.gif|center|120px]] |} ==M== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| (Former Yugoslav) <br> [[Republic of Macedonia]] || [[Image:Grb.gif|120px|Macedonia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Madagascar]] || [[Image:Madagascar_COA.png|120px|Madagasar COA]] |- | [[Malawi]] || [[Image:Malawiarms20.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Malaysia]] || [[Image:Malaysia_Coat_of_Arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Maldives]] || [[Image:Maldives-emblem.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mali]] || [[Image:Maliarms22.PNG]] |- | [[Malta]] || [[Image:Malta_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Marshall Islands]] || [[Image:Marshall_Islands_COA.gif|120px|Marshall Islands COA]] |- | [[Moritani]] || [[Image:maurarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Mauritius]] || [[Image:Mauritius_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mexico]] || [[Image:Mexico_coat_of_arms_(small).png|120px]] |- | [[Federated States of Micronesia]] || [[Image:Micronesie_COA.gif|120px|Micronesia COA]] |- | [[Moldova]] || [[Image:Mda_coa.gif|120px|Moldova Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Monaco]] || [[Image:Monaco_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mongolia]] || [[Image:Suld.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mozambiki]] || [[Image:Mozambique_COA.png|120px|Coat of arms of Mozambique]] |- | [[Myanmar]] || [[Image:Myanmar_COA.gif|120px|Coat of arms of Myanmar]] |} ==N== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Namibia]] || [[Image:Namibia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nauru]] || [[Image:Nauru_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nepal]] || [[Image:Nepal_COA.gif|120px|Nepal COA]] |- | [[New Zealand]] || [[Image:New_zealand_coa.png|120px|New Zealand COA]] |- | [[Nicaragua]] || [[Image:Nicaragua-coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Nijer]] || [[Image:Nigerarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Nijéria]] || [[Image:Nigeriaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Norway]] || [[Image:Norway_coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==O== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Omani]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- | [[Ostralía]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- | [[Otrishi]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- |} ==P== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Pakistan]] || [[Image:Pakarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Palau]] ||[http://www.bdarop.com/images/Officials/Executive/execseal.gif] This is the Exectutive<br> Seal, but is close in form<br> to the National Arms. |- | [[Panama]] || [[Image:Escudo_armas_Panama.PNG|120px|Panama COA]] |- | [[Papua New Guinea]] || [[Image:PapuaNewGuinea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Paraguay]] || [[Image:Paraguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Peru]] || [[Image:Coa_Peru.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Philippines]] || [[Image:Philippine_coat-of-arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Poland]] || [[Image:Herb Polski.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Poland]] |- | [[Pulutugal]] || [[Image:Portugal_coa.png|120px]] |} ==Q== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Qatar]] ||[http://www.qatarembassy.net/headerBanner.jpg] Seal is on left. |} ==R== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Romania]] || [[Image:Coa_romania.png|120px]] |- | [[Russia]] || [[Image:Russia_coa.png|120px]] |- |} ==S== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] || [[Image:skitts22.PNG|120px|Saint Kitts and Nevis: Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Saint Lucia]] || [[Image:St_lucia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] || [[Image:Svincent22.PNG|center|75px]] |- | [[San Salvador]] || [[Image:El Salvador coa.gif|120px|El Salvador COA]] |- | [[Samoa]] || [[Image:Westasmarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[San Marino]] || [[Image:Smarino.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] || [[Image:Saoprinarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Saudi Arabia]] || [[Image:Saudi coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Scotland]] || [[Image:Scottish royal coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Sénégal]] || [[Image:Senegal_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Serbia and Montenegro]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.png|120px|Serbia and Montenegro Caot of Arms]] |- | [[Seyshel]] || [[Image:Seychelles_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sierra Leone]] || [[Image:SLECOA.gif|120px|Sierra Leone Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Sidafrika]] || [[Image:Za-coa.gif]] |- | [[Singapore]] || [[Image:Symbol_crest.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovakia]] || [[Image:Slovakia_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovenia]] || [[Image:Slovenia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Solomon Islands]] || [[Image:Solomon_Islands_coat_of_arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Spain]] || [[Image:Spain_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sri Lanka]] || [[Image:Sri_lanka_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sudani]] || [[Image:Sudan_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Suriname]] || [[Image:Suriname_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Swaziland]] || [[Image:Swazicoa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sweden]] || [[Image:Sweden_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Swisi]] || [[Image:Switzerland_CoA.png|120px]] |- | [[Syria]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Syria.png|120px]] |} ==T== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| Taiwan ([[Republic of China]]) || [[Image:Republic_of_China_National_Emblem.png|120px|National Emblem of the Republic of China]] |- | [[Tajikistan]] || [[Image:Coa tajikistan.jpg|120px]] | [[Thailand]] || [[Image:Thailand_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Togo]] || [[Image:Togoarms22.PNG|center|120px]] |- | [[Tonga]] || [[Image:Tongaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Trinidad and Tobago]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms_Trinidad_and_Tobago.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tshad]] || [[Image:Chad_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tunisia]] || [[Image:Armes_tunisie.jpg|120px|Tunisia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Turkey]] || Turkey has no<br> recognized or <br>established<br> national coat<br> of arms |- | [[Turkmenistan]] || [[Image:Turkmenistan coa.jpg|120px|Turkmenistan Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Tuvalu]] || [[Image:Tuvalu-coa.jpg|120px]] |} ==U== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| | [[Ukraine]] || [[Image:Ukraine_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[United Arab Emirates]] || [[Image:NationalArmsofUAE.png|120px]] |- | [[United Kingdom]] || [[Image:UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[United States]] || [[Image:Great Seal of the US.png|120px|Great Seal of the U.S.]] |- | [[Uruguay]] || [[Image:Uruguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Uzbekistan]] || [[Image:Uzbekistan coa.png|120px|Uzbekistan Coat of Arms]] |} ==V== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Vanuatu]] || [[Image:Vanuatu_coat_of_arms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Vatican City]] || [[Image:Vatican_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Venezuela]] || [[Image:Venezuela_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Vietnami]] || [[Image:Viet-coa.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==W== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Western Sahara]] ([[Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic]]) || [[Image:Lambang_sahara_barat.png]] |- |} ==Y== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Yemen]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Yemen.png|120px]] |} ==Z== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Zambia]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms of Zambia.png|120px|center]] |- |} [[Category:Almwali]] [[en:Gallery of sovereign state coats of arms]] [[es:Galería de escudos de estados soberanos]] [[fr:Galerie des emblèmes des pays du monde]] [[he:גלריית סמלי מדינות העולם]] [[it:Elenco di stemmi nazionali]] [[nl:Wapenschilden van de wereld]] [[pl:Godła państw świata]] [[ro:Galerie de steme de state suverane]] [[sk:Galéria štátnych znakov]] [[sr:Списак државних грбова]] [[sv:Lista över riksvapen]] 8099 2006-05-04T21:29:04Z 84.189.230.247 /* C */ {{Nationalflags}} __NOTOC__ {{compactTOC2}} ==A== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Afganistani]] || [[Image:COA Afghanistan.png|120px]] |- | [[Albania]] || [[Image:Albania_state_emblem.png|120px|center]] |- | [[Aljeria]] || [[Image:Algeria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Alémani]] || [[Image:Coat of Arms of Germany.svg|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[Bundesadler]]'' (Federal Eagle)</small> |- | [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] || [[Image:morarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Andorra]] || [[Image:Andorra_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Angóla]] || [[Image:Coaofangola.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Antigua and Barbuda]] || [[Image:Antigua_and_barbuda_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Argentina]] || [[Image:Argentina_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Armenia]] || [[Image:Armenia-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Azerbaijan]] || [[Image:Azerbaijan coa.png|120px|]] |- |} ==B== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Bahamas]] || [[Image:Bahamas_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bahrain]] || [[Bahrain coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bangladesh]] || [[Image:Bangladesh_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Barbados]] || [[Image:Barbados_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Belarus]] || [[Image:Belarus_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] || [[Image:Belgium_coat_of_arms_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Belize]] || [[Image:Belize_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bénin]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Benin.png|120px]] |- | [[Bhutan]] || [[Image:Bhutan_emblem.png|120px]] |- | [[Bolivia]] || [[Image:BoliviaArms.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] || [[Image:Bosnia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Botswana]] || [[Image:Bostwanaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Brazil]] || [[Image:Brazil_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Brunei]] || [[Image:Bx-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bulgaria]] || [[Image:Bulgaria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Burkina Faso]] || [[Image:Burkinaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==C== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Cambodia]] || [[Image:Coa cambodia.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Cape Verde]] || [[Image:Capeverdearms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Central African Republic]] || [[Image:Centralaf22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Chile]] || [[Image:Shield_cl.gif|120px]] |- | [[People's Republic of China]] || [[Image:China guohui.png|120px]] |- | [[Colombia]] || [[Image:Colombia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Costa Rica]] || [[Image:CostaRica_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Croatia]] || [[Image:Croatian Coat of Arms.svg|120px]] |- | [[Cuba]] || [[Image:Cuba_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Cyprus]] || [[Image:Cyprus_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Czech Republic]] || [[Image:Czech_coatofarms.jpg|120px]] |} ==D== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Denmark]] || [[Image:The_small_Danish_Coat_of_Arms.jpg|120px]] |- |- | [[Dominica]] || [[Image:Dominica23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Dominican Republic]] || [[Image:Dominican_republic_coa.gif|120px]] |} ==E== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[East Timor]] || [[Image:East_timor_coa.png|120px|East Timor COA]] |- | [[Ekwateli]] || [[Image:Ecuador COA.jpg|120px|Ecuador COA]] |- | [[Ejipti]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Egypt.png|120px|Golden Eagle - Egypt Coat Of Arms]] |- | [[Estonia]] || [[Image:Estonia coat-of-arms.jpg|100px|120px|Estonia COA]] |- |} ==F== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Fiji]] || [[Image:Fij-coa.gif|120px]] |- | [[Finland]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Finland.svg|120px]] |- | [[France]] || [[Image:Armoiries-fr.jpg|120px]] |- |} ==G== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Gabon]] || [[Image:Gabonarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gambia]] || [[Image:Gambiaarms21.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] || [[Image:Georgian_COA.jpg|140px]] |- | [[Ghana]] || [[Image:Ghanaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Greece]] || [[Image:Greece_coa.png|120px|Greece Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Grenada]] || [[Image:Grenadaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Guatemala]] || [[Image:GUAcoat.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Guernsey]] || [[Image:Guernsey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Guernsey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Gine]] || [[Image:Guineaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gine-Bisau]] || [[Image:Coaguinea-bissau.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] || [[Image:Equatorial Guinea coa.png|120px|Equatorial Guinea COA]] |- | [[Guyana]] || [[Image:Guyana_coa.png|120px]] |} ==H== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Haiti]] || [[Image:Haiti_coat_of_arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Holanda]] || [[Image:Arms_netherlands_small.gif|120px|Netherlands Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Honduras]] || [[Image:Honduras_COA.gif|120px|Honduras COA]] |- | [[Hungary]] || [[Image:Hungary_COA.jpg|center|120px]] |} ==I== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Iceland]] || [[Image:ISLcoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[India]] || [[Image:EmblemofIndia-small.png|center]] |- | [[Indonesia]] || [[Image:Indonesiacoatofarms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Iran]] || [[Image:Iran_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Iraq]] || [[Image:Iraq-COA.png|120px]] |- | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] || [[Image:Ireland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Isle of Man]] || [[Image:Isle of Man Arms Small.png|120px|Isle of Man Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Israel]] || [[Image:Israel-coa-medium.png|120px]] |- | [[Italy]] || [[Image:Italian_coa.png|120px|Italian COA]] |} ==J== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Japan]] || [[Image:Japan_coa.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[National and Imperial Seal]]''</small> |- | [[Jersey]] || [[Image:Jersey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Jersey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Jordan]] || [[Image:Coat of Jordan.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Jordan]] |} ==K== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Kamerun]] || [[Image:Cameroon coa.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Kanadá]] || [[Image:Bigcancoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kazakhstan]] || [[image:Embelm_KZ.png|120px]] |- | [[Kiribati]] || [[Image:Kiribaticoa.gif|120px]] |- | [[North Korea]] || [[Image:North_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[South Korea]] || [[Image:South_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Komori]] || [[Image:Comoros_coat_of_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] || [[Image:Congocofarms2.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] || [[Image:Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png|120px]] |- | [[Kotdivuar]] || [[Image:Coa cote d ivory.jpg||120px]] |- | [[Kuwait]] || [[Image:KUW-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kyrgyzstan]] || [[Image:Kyrgyziarms.gif|120px]] |} ==L== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Laos]] || [[Image:Laos_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Latvia]] || [[Image:Latvijas lielais gerbonis.gif|140px]] |- | [[Lebanon]] || [[Image:Lebanon coa.png|120px|Lebanese COA]] |- | [[Lesotho]] || [[Image:Lesotho coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Liberia]] || [[Image:Lib-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Libîya]] || [[Image:Libyseal.gif|120px|Libya Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Liechtenstein]] || [[Image:Liechtenstein_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Lithuania]] || [[Image:Lithuanian_vytis.png|120px]] |- | [[Luksambur]] || [[Image:Luxarms.gif|center|120px]] |} ==M== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| (Former Yugoslav) <br> [[Republic of Macedonia]] || [[Image:Grb.gif|120px|Macedonia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Madagascar]] || [[Image:Madagascar_COA.png|120px|Madagasar COA]] |- | [[Malawi]] || [[Image:Malawiarms20.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Malaysia]] || [[Image:Malaysia_Coat_of_Arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Maldives]] || [[Image:Maldives-emblem.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mali]] || [[Image:Maliarms22.PNG]] |- | [[Malta]] || [[Image:Malta_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Marshall Islands]] || [[Image:Marshall_Islands_COA.gif|120px|Marshall Islands COA]] |- | [[Moritani]] || [[Image:maurarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Mauritius]] || [[Image:Mauritius_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mexico]] || [[Image:Mexico_coat_of_arms_(small).png|120px]] |- | [[Federated States of Micronesia]] || [[Image:Micronesie_COA.gif|120px|Micronesia COA]] |- | [[Moldova]] || [[Image:Mda_coa.gif|120px|Moldova Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Monaco]] || [[Image:Monaco_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mongolia]] || [[Image:Suld.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mozambiki]] || [[Image:Mozambique_COA.png|120px|Coat of arms of Mozambique]] |- | [[Myanmar]] || [[Image:Myanmar_COA.gif|120px|Coat of arms of Myanmar]] |} ==N== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Namibia]] || [[Image:Namibia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nauru]] || [[Image:Nauru_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nepal]] || [[Image:Nepal_COA.gif|120px|Nepal COA]] |- | [[New Zealand]] || [[Image:New_zealand_coa.png|120px|New Zealand COA]] |- | [[Nicaragua]] || [[Image:Nicaragua-coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Nijer]] || [[Image:Nigerarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Nijéria]] || [[Image:Nigeriaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Norway]] || [[Image:Norway_coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==O== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Omani]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- | [[Ostralía]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- | [[Otrishi]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- |} ==P== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Pakistan]] || [[Image:Pakarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Palau]] ||[http://www.bdarop.com/images/Officials/Executive/execseal.gif] This is the Exectutive<br> Seal, but is close in form<br> to the National Arms. |- | [[Panama]] || [[Image:Escudo_armas_Panama.PNG|120px|Panama COA]] |- | [[Papua New Guinea]] || [[Image:PapuaNewGuinea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Paraguay]] || [[Image:Paraguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Peru]] || [[Image:Coa_Peru.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Philippines]] || [[Image:Philippine_coat-of-arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Poland]] || [[Image:Herb Polski.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Poland]] |- | [[Pulutugal]] || [[Image:Portugal_coa.png|120px]] |} ==Q== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Qatar]] ||[http://www.qatarembassy.net/headerBanner.jpg] Seal is on left. |} ==R== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Romania]] || [[Image:Coa_romania.png|120px]] |- | [[Russia]] || [[Image:Russia_coa.png|120px]] |- |} ==S== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] || [[Image:skitts22.PNG|120px|Saint Kitts and Nevis: Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Saint Lucia]] || [[Image:St_lucia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] || [[Image:Svincent22.PNG|center|75px]] |- | [[San Salvador]] || [[Image:El Salvador coa.gif|120px|El Salvador COA]] |- | [[Samoa]] || [[Image:Westasmarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[San Marino]] || [[Image:Smarino.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] || [[Image:Saoprinarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Saudi Arabia]] || [[Image:Saudi coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Scotland]] || [[Image:Scottish royal coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Sénégal]] || [[Image:Senegal_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Serbia and Montenegro]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.png|120px|Serbia and Montenegro Caot of Arms]] |- | [[Seyshel]] || [[Image:Seychelles_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sierra Leone]] || [[Image:SLECOA.gif|120px|Sierra Leone Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Sidafrika]] || [[Image:Za-coa.gif]] |- | [[Singapore]] || [[Image:Symbol_crest.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovakia]] || [[Image:Slovakia_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovenia]] || [[Image:Slovenia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Solomon Islands]] || [[Image:Solomon_Islands_coat_of_arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Spain]] || [[Image:Spain_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sri Lanka]] || [[Image:Sri_lanka_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sudani]] || [[Image:Sudan_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Suriname]] || [[Image:Suriname_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Swaziland]] || [[Image:Swazicoa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sweden]] || [[Image:Sweden_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Swisi]] || [[Image:Switzerland_CoA.png|120px]] |- | [[Syria]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Syria.png|120px]] |} ==T== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| Taiwan ([[Republic of China]]) || [[Image:Republic_of_China_National_Emblem.png|120px|National Emblem of the Republic of China]] |- | [[Tajikistan]] || [[Image:Coa tajikistan.jpg|120px]] | [[Thailand]] || [[Image:Thailand_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Togo]] || [[Image:Togoarms22.PNG|center|120px]] |- | [[Tonga]] || [[Image:Tongaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Trinidad and Tobago]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms_Trinidad_and_Tobago.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tshad]] || [[Image:Chad_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tunisia]] || [[Image:Armes_tunisie.jpg|120px|Tunisia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Turkey]] || Turkey has no<br> recognized or <br>established<br> national coat<br> of arms |- | [[Turkmenistan]] || [[Image:Turkmenistan coa.jpg|120px|Turkmenistan Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Tuvalu]] || [[Image:Tuvalu-coa.jpg|120px]] |} ==U== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| | [[Ukraine]] || [[Image:Ukraine_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[United Arab Emirates]] || [[Image:NationalArmsofUAE.png|120px]] |- | [[United Kingdom]] || [[Image:UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[United States]] || [[Image:Great Seal of the US.png|120px|Great Seal of the U.S.]] |- | [[Uruguay]] || [[Image:Uruguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Uzbekistan]] || [[Image:Uzbekistan coa.png|120px|Uzbekistan Coat of Arms]] |} ==V== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Vanuatu]] || [[Image:Vanuatu_coat_of_arms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Vatican City]] || [[Image:Vatican_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Venezuela]] || [[Image:Venezuela_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Vietnami]] || [[Image:Viet-coa.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==W== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Western Sahara]] ([[Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic]]) || [[Image:Lambang_sahara_barat.png]] |- |} ==Y== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Yemen]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Yemen.png|120px]] |} ==Z== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Zambia]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms of Zambia.png|120px|center]] |- |} [[Category:Almwali]] [[en:Gallery of sovereign state coats of arms]] [[es:Galería de escudos de estados soberanos]] [[fr:Galerie des emblèmes des pays du monde]] [[he:גלריית סמלי מדינות העולם]] [[it:Elenco di stemmi nazionali]] [[nl:Wapenschilden van de wereld]] [[pl:Godła państw świata]] [[ro:Galerie de steme de state suverane]] [[sk:Galéria štátnych znakov]] [[sr:Списак државних грбова]] [[sv:Lista över riksvapen]] 8353 2006-06-04T19:01:34Z 217.95.236.238 /* H */ {{Nationalflags}} __NOTOC__ {{compactTOC2}} ==A== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Afganistani]] || [[Image:COA Afghanistan.png|120px]] |- | [[Albania]] || [[Image:Albania_state_emblem.png|120px|center]] |- | [[Aljeria]] || [[Image:Algeria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Alémani]] || [[Image:Coat of Arms of Germany.svg|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[Bundesadler]]'' (Federal Eagle)</small> |- | [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] || [[Image:morarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Andorra]] || [[Image:Andorra_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Angóla]] || [[Image:Coaofangola.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Antigua and Barbuda]] || [[Image:Antigua_and_barbuda_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Argentina]] || [[Image:Argentina_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Armenia]] || [[Image:Armenia-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Azerbaijan]] || [[Image:Azerbaijan coa.png|120px|]] |- |} ==B== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Bahamas]] || [[Image:Bahamas_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bahrain]] || [[Bahrain coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bangladesh]] || [[Image:Bangladesh_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Barbados]] || [[Image:Barbados_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Belarus]] || [[Image:Belarus_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] || [[Image:Belgium_coat_of_arms_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Belize]] || [[Image:Belize_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bénin]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Benin.png|120px]] |- | [[Bhutan]] || [[Image:Bhutan_emblem.png|120px]] |- | [[Bolivia]] || [[Image:BoliviaArms.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] || [[Image:Bosnia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Botswana]] || [[Image:Bostwanaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Brazil]] || [[Image:Brazil_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Brunei]] || [[Image:Bx-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bulgaria]] || [[Image:Bulgaria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Burkina Faso]] || [[Image:Burkinaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==C== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Cambodia]] || [[Image:Coa cambodia.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Cape Verde]] || [[Image:Capeverdearms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Central African Republic]] || [[Image:Centralaf22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Chile]] || [[Image:Shield_cl.gif|120px]] |- | [[People's Republic of China]] || [[Image:China guohui.png|120px]] |- | [[Colombia]] || [[Image:Colombia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Costa Rica]] || [[Image:CostaRica_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Croatia]] || [[Image:Croatian Coat of Arms.svg|120px]] |- | [[Cuba]] || [[Image:Cuba_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Cyprus]] || [[Image:Cyprus_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Czech Republic]] || [[Image:Czech_coatofarms.jpg|120px]] |} ==D== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Denmark]] || [[Image:The_small_Danish_Coat_of_Arms.jpg|120px]] |- |- | [[Dominica]] || [[Image:Dominica23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Dominican Republic]] || [[Image:Dominican_republic_coa.gif|120px]] |} ==E== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[East Timor]] || [[Image:East_timor_coa.png|120px|East Timor COA]] |- | [[Ekwateli]] || [[Image:Ecuador COA.jpg|120px|Ecuador COA]] |- | [[Ejipti]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Egypt.png|120px|Golden Eagle - Egypt Coat Of Arms]] |- | [[Estonia]] || [[Image:Estonia coat-of-arms.jpg|100px|120px|Estonia COA]] |- |} ==F== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Fiji]] || [[Image:Fij-coa.gif|120px]] |- | [[Finland]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Finland.svg|120px]] |- | [[France]] || [[Image:Armoiries-fr.jpg|120px]] |- |} ==G== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Gabon]] || [[Image:Gabonarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gambia]] || [[Image:Gambiaarms21.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] || [[Image:Georgian_COA.jpg|140px]] |- | [[Ghana]] || [[Image:Ghanaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Greece]] || [[Image:Greece_coa.png|120px|Greece Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Grenada]] || [[Image:Grenadaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Guatemala]] || [[Image:GUAcoat.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Guernsey]] || [[Image:Guernsey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Guernsey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Gine]] || [[Image:Guineaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gine-Bisau]] || [[Image:Coaguinea-bissau.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] || [[Image:Equatorial Guinea coa.png|120px|Equatorial Guinea COA]] |- | [[Guyana]] || [[Image:Guyana_coa.png|120px]] |} ==H== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Haiti]] || [[Image:Haiti_coat_of_arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Holanda]] || [[Image:Arms_netherlands_small.gif|120px|Netherlands Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Honduras]] || [[Image:Honduras_COA.gif|120px|Honduras COA]] |- | [[Hungary]] || [[Image:Hungary coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==I== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Iceland]] || [[Image:ISLcoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[India]] || [[Image:EmblemofIndia-small.png|center]] |- | [[Indonesia]] || [[Image:Indonesiacoatofarms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Iran]] || [[Image:Iran_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Iraq]] || [[Image:Iraq-COA.png|120px]] |- | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] || [[Image:Ireland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Isle of Man]] || [[Image:Isle of Man Arms Small.png|120px|Isle of Man Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Israel]] || [[Image:Israel-coa-medium.png|120px]] |- | [[Italy]] || [[Image:Italian_coa.png|120px|Italian COA]] |} ==J== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Japan]] || [[Image:Japan_coa.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[National and Imperial Seal]]''</small> |- | [[Jersey]] || [[Image:Jersey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Jersey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Jordan]] || [[Image:Coat of Jordan.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Jordan]] |} ==K== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Kamerun]] || [[Image:Cameroon coa.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Kanadá]] || [[Image:Bigcancoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kazakhstan]] || [[image:Embelm_KZ.png|120px]] |- | [[Kiribati]] || [[Image:Kiribaticoa.gif|120px]] |- | [[North Korea]] || [[Image:North_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[South Korea]] || [[Image:South_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Komori]] || [[Image:Comoros_coat_of_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] || [[Image:Congocofarms2.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] || [[Image:Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png|120px]] |- | [[Kotdivuar]] || [[Image:Coa cote d ivory.jpg||120px]] |- | [[Kuwait]] || [[Image:KUW-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kyrgyzstan]] || [[Image:Kyrgyziarms.gif|120px]] |} ==L== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Laos]] || [[Image:Laos_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Latvia]] || [[Image:Latvijas lielais gerbonis.gif|140px]] |- | [[Lebanon]] || [[Image:Lebanon coa.png|120px|Lebanese COA]] |- | [[Lesotho]] || [[Image:Lesotho coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Liberia]] || [[Image:Lib-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Libîya]] || [[Image:Libyseal.gif|120px|Libya Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Liechtenstein]] || [[Image:Liechtenstein_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Lithuania]] || [[Image:Lithuanian_vytis.png|120px]] |- | [[Luksambur]] || [[Image:Luxarms.gif|center|120px]] |} ==M== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| (Former Yugoslav) <br> [[Republic of Macedonia]] || [[Image:Grb.gif|120px|Macedonia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Madagascar]] || [[Image:Madagascar_COA.png|120px|Madagasar COA]] |- | [[Malawi]] || [[Image:Malawiarms20.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Malaysia]] || [[Image:Malaysia_Coat_of_Arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Maldives]] || [[Image:Maldives-emblem.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mali]] || [[Image:Maliarms22.PNG]] |- | [[Malta]] || [[Image:Malta_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Marshall Islands]] || [[Image:Marshall_Islands_COA.gif|120px|Marshall Islands COA]] |- | [[Moritani]] || [[Image:maurarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Mauritius]] || [[Image:Mauritius_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mexico]] || [[Image:Mexico_coat_of_arms_(small).png|120px]] |- | [[Federated States of Micronesia]] || [[Image:Micronesie_COA.gif|120px|Micronesia COA]] |- | [[Moldova]] || [[Image:Mda_coa.gif|120px|Moldova Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Monaco]] || [[Image:Monaco_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mongolia]] || [[Image:Suld.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mozambiki]] || [[Image:Mozambique_COA.png|120px|Coat of arms of Mozambique]] |- | [[Myanmar]] || [[Image:Myanmar_COA.gif|120px|Coat of arms of Myanmar]] |} ==N== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Namibia]] || [[Image:Namibia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nauru]] || [[Image:Nauru_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nepal]] || [[Image:Nepal_COA.gif|120px|Nepal COA]] |- | [[New Zealand]] || [[Image:New_zealand_coa.png|120px|New Zealand COA]] |- | [[Nicaragua]] || [[Image:Nicaragua-coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Nijer]] || [[Image:Nigerarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Nijéria]] || [[Image:Nigeriaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Norway]] || [[Image:Norway_coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==O== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Omani]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- | [[Ostralía]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- | [[Otrishi]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- |} ==P== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Pakistan]] || [[Image:Pakarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Palau]] ||[http://www.bdarop.com/images/Officials/Executive/execseal.gif] This is the Exectutive<br> Seal, but is close in form<br> to the National Arms. |- | [[Panama]] || [[Image:Escudo_armas_Panama.PNG|120px|Panama COA]] |- | [[Papua New Guinea]] || [[Image:PapuaNewGuinea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Paraguay]] || [[Image:Paraguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Peru]] || [[Image:Coa_Peru.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Philippines]] || [[Image:Philippine_coat-of-arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Poland]] || [[Image:Herb Polski.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Poland]] |- | [[Pulutugal]] || [[Image:Portugal_coa.png|120px]] |} ==Q== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Qatar]] ||[http://www.qatarembassy.net/headerBanner.jpg] Seal is on left. |} ==R== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Romania]] || [[Image:Coa_romania.png|120px]] |- | [[Russia]] || [[Image:Russia_coa.png|120px]] |- |} ==S== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] || [[Image:skitts22.PNG|120px|Saint Kitts and Nevis: Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Saint Lucia]] || [[Image:St_lucia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] || [[Image:Svincent22.PNG|center|75px]] |- | [[San Salvador]] || [[Image:El Salvador coa.gif|120px|El Salvador COA]] |- | [[Samoa]] || [[Image:Westasmarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[San Marino]] || [[Image:Smarino.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] || [[Image:Saoprinarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Saudi Arabia]] || [[Image:Saudi coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Scotland]] || [[Image:Scottish royal coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Sénégal]] || [[Image:Senegal_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Serbia and Montenegro]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.png|120px|Serbia and Montenegro Caot of Arms]] |- | [[Seyshel]] || [[Image:Seychelles_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sierra Leone]] || [[Image:SLECOA.gif|120px|Sierra Leone Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Sidafrika]] || [[Image:Za-coa.gif]] |- | [[Singapore]] || [[Image:Symbol_crest.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovakia]] || [[Image:Slovakia_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovenia]] || [[Image:Slovenia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Solomon Islands]] || [[Image:Solomon_Islands_coat_of_arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Spain]] || [[Image:Spain_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sri Lanka]] || [[Image:Sri_lanka_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sudani]] || [[Image:Sudan_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Suriname]] || [[Image:Suriname_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Swaziland]] || [[Image:Swazicoa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sweden]] || [[Image:Sweden_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Swisi]] || [[Image:Switzerland_CoA.png|120px]] |- | [[Syria]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Syria.png|120px]] |} ==T== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| Taiwan ([[Republic of China]]) || [[Image:Republic_of_China_National_Emblem.png|120px|National Emblem of the Republic of China]] |- | [[Tajikistan]] || [[Image:Coa tajikistan.jpg|120px]] | [[Thailand]] || [[Image:Thailand_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Togo]] || [[Image:Togoarms22.PNG|center|120px]] |- | [[Tonga]] || [[Image:Tongaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Trinidad and Tobago]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms_Trinidad_and_Tobago.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tshad]] || [[Image:Chad_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tunisia]] || [[Image:Armes_tunisie.jpg|120px|Tunisia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Turkey]] || Turkey has no<br> recognized or <br>established<br> national coat<br> of arms |- | [[Turkmenistan]] || [[Image:Turkmenistan coa.jpg|120px|Turkmenistan Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Tuvalu]] || [[Image:Tuvalu-coa.jpg|120px]] |} ==U== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| | [[Ukraine]] || [[Image:Ukraine_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[United Arab Emirates]] || [[Image:NationalArmsofUAE.png|120px]] |- | [[United Kingdom]] || [[Image:UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[United States]] || [[Image:Great Seal of the US.png|120px|Great Seal of the U.S.]] |- | [[Uruguay]] || [[Image:Uruguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Uzbekistan]] || [[Image:Uzbekistan coa.png|120px|Uzbekistan Coat of Arms]] |} ==V== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Vanuatu]] || [[Image:Vanuatu_coat_of_arms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Vatican City]] || [[Image:Vatican_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Venezuela]] || [[Image:Venezuela_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Vietnami]] || [[Image:Viet-coa.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==W== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Western Sahara]] ([[Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic]]) || [[Image:Lambang_sahara_barat.png]] |- |} ==Y== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Yemen]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Yemen.png|120px]] |} ==Z== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Zambia]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms of Zambia.png|120px|center]] |- |} [[Category:Almwali]] [[en:Gallery of sovereign state coats of arms]] [[es:Galería de escudos de estados soberanos]] [[fr:Galerie des emblèmes des pays du monde]] [[he:גלריית סמלי מדינות העולם]] [[it:Elenco di stemmi nazionali]] [[nl:Wapenschilden van de wereld]] [[pl:Godła państw świata]] [[ro:Galerie de steme de state suverane]] [[sk:Galéria štátnych znakov]] [[sr:Списак државних грбова]] [[sv:Lista över riksvapen]] 8356 2006-06-05T13:56:29Z 84.189.223.127 /* N */ {{Nationalflags}} __NOTOC__ {{compactTOC2}} ==A== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Afganistani]] || [[Image:COA Afghanistan.png|120px]] |- | [[Albania]] || [[Image:Albania_state_emblem.png|120px|center]] |- | [[Aljeria]] || [[Image:Algeria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Alémani]] || [[Image:Coat of Arms of Germany.svg|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[Bundesadler]]'' (Federal Eagle)</small> |- | [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] || [[Image:morarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Andorra]] || [[Image:Andorra_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Angóla]] || [[Image:Coaofangola.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Antigua and Barbuda]] || [[Image:Antigua_and_barbuda_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Argentina]] || [[Image:Argentina_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Armenia]] || [[Image:Armenia-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Azerbaijan]] || [[Image:Azerbaijan coa.png|120px|]] |- |} ==B== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Bahamas]] || [[Image:Bahamas_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bahrain]] || [[Bahrain coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bangladesh]] || [[Image:Bangladesh_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Barbados]] || [[Image:Barbados_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Belarus]] || [[Image:Belarus_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] || [[Image:Belgium_coat_of_arms_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Belize]] || [[Image:Belize_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bénin]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Benin.png|120px]] |- | [[Bhutan]] || [[Image:Bhutan_emblem.png|120px]] |- | [[Bolivia]] || [[Image:BoliviaArms.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] || [[Image:Bosnia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Botswana]] || [[Image:Bostwanaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Brazil]] || [[Image:Brazil_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Brunei]] || [[Image:Bx-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bulgaria]] || [[Image:Bulgaria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Burkina Faso]] || [[Image:Burkinaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==C== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Cambodia]] || [[Image:Coa cambodia.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Cape Verde]] || [[Image:Capeverdearms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Central African Republic]] || [[Image:Centralaf22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Chile]] || [[Image:Shield_cl.gif|120px]] |- | [[People's Republic of China]] || [[Image:China guohui.png|120px]] |- | [[Colombia]] || [[Image:Colombia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Costa Rica]] || [[Image:CostaRica_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Croatia]] || [[Image:Croatian Coat of Arms.svg|120px]] |- | [[Cuba]] || [[Image:Cuba_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Cyprus]] || [[Image:Cyprus_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Czech Republic]] || [[Image:Czech_coatofarms.jpg|120px]] |} ==D== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Denmark]] || [[Image:The_small_Danish_Coat_of_Arms.jpg|120px]] |- |- | [[Dominica]] || [[Image:Dominica23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Dominican Republic]] || [[Image:Dominican_republic_coa.gif|120px]] |} ==E== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[East Timor]] || [[Image:East_timor_coa.png|120px|East Timor COA]] |- | [[Ekwateli]] || [[Image:Ecuador COA.jpg|120px|Ecuador COA]] |- | [[Ejipti]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Egypt.png|120px|Golden Eagle - Egypt Coat Of Arms]] |- | [[Estonia]] || [[Image:Estonia coat-of-arms.jpg|100px|120px|Estonia COA]] |- |} ==F== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Fiji]] || [[Image:Fij-coa.gif|120px]] |- | [[Finland]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Finland.svg|120px]] |- | [[France]] || [[Image:Armoiries-fr.jpg|120px]] |- |} ==G== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Gabon]] || [[Image:Gabonarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gambia]] || [[Image:Gambiaarms21.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] || [[Image:Georgian_COA.jpg|140px]] |- | [[Ghana]] || [[Image:Ghanaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Greece]] || [[Image:Greece_coa.png|120px|Greece Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Grenada]] || [[Image:Grenadaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Guatemala]] || [[Image:GUAcoat.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Guernsey]] || [[Image:Guernsey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Guernsey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Gine]] || [[Image:Guineaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gine-Bisau]] || [[Image:Coaguinea-bissau.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] || [[Image:Equatorial Guinea coa.png|120px|Equatorial Guinea COA]] |- | [[Guyana]] || [[Image:Guyana_coa.png|120px]] |} ==H== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Haiti]] || [[Image:Haiti_coat_of_arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Holanda]] || [[Image:Arms_netherlands_small.gif|120px|Netherlands Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Honduras]] || [[Image:Honduras_COA.gif|120px|Honduras COA]] |- | [[Hungary]] || [[Image:Hungary coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==I== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Iceland]] || [[Image:ISLcoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[India]] || [[Image:EmblemofIndia-small.png|center]] |- | [[Indonesia]] || [[Image:Indonesiacoatofarms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Iran]] || [[Image:Iran_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Iraq]] || [[Image:Iraq-COA.png|120px]] |- | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] || [[Image:Ireland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Isle of Man]] || [[Image:Isle of Man Arms Small.png|120px|Isle of Man Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Israel]] || [[Image:Israel-coa-medium.png|120px]] |- | [[Italy]] || [[Image:Italian_coa.png|120px|Italian COA]] |} ==J== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Japan]] || [[Image:Japan_coa.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[National and Imperial Seal]]''</small> |- | [[Jersey]] || [[Image:Jersey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Jersey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Jordan]] || [[Image:Coat of Jordan.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Jordan]] |} ==K== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Kamerun]] || [[Image:Cameroon coa.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Kanadá]] || [[Image:Bigcancoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kazakhstan]] || [[image:Embelm_KZ.png|120px]] |- | [[Kiribati]] || [[Image:Kiribaticoa.gif|120px]] |- | [[North Korea]] || [[Image:North_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[South Korea]] || [[Image:South_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Komori]] || [[Image:Comoros_coat_of_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] || [[Image:Congocofarms2.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] || [[Image:Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png|120px]] |- | [[Kotdivuar]] || [[Image:Coa cote d ivory.jpg||120px]] |- | [[Kuwait]] || [[Image:KUW-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kyrgyzstan]] || [[Image:Kyrgyziarms.gif|120px]] |} ==L== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Laos]] || [[Image:Laos_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Latvia]] || [[Image:Latvijas lielais gerbonis.gif|140px]] |- | [[Lebanon]] || [[Image:Lebanon coa.png|120px|Lebanese COA]] |- | [[Lesotho]] || [[Image:Lesotho coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Liberia]] || [[Image:Lib-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Libîya]] || [[Image:Libyseal.gif|120px|Libya Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Liechtenstein]] || [[Image:Liechtenstein_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Lithuania]] || [[Image:Lithuanian_vytis.png|120px]] |- | [[Luksambur]] || [[Image:Luxarms.gif|center|120px]] |} ==M== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| (Former Yugoslav) <br> [[Republic of Macedonia]] || [[Image:Grb.gif|120px|Macedonia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Madagascar]] || [[Image:Madagascar_COA.png|120px|Madagasar COA]] |- | [[Malawi]] || [[Image:Malawiarms20.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Malaysia]] || [[Image:Malaysia_Coat_of_Arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Maldives]] || [[Image:Maldives-emblem.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mali]] || [[Image:Maliarms22.PNG]] |- | [[Malta]] || [[Image:Malta_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Marshall Islands]] || [[Image:Marshall_Islands_COA.gif|120px|Marshall Islands COA]] |- | [[Moritani]] || [[Image:maurarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Mauritius]] || [[Image:Mauritius_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mexico]] || [[Image:Mexico_coat_of_arms_(small).png|120px]] |- | [[Federated States of Micronesia]] || [[Image:Micronesie_COA.gif|120px|Micronesia COA]] |- | [[Moldova]] || [[Image:Mda_coa.gif|120px|Moldova Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Monaco]] || [[Image:Monaco_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mongolia]] || [[Image:Suld.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mozambiki]] || [[Image:Mozambique_COA.png|120px|Coat of arms of Mozambique]] |- | [[Myanmar]] || [[Image:Myanmar_COA.gif|120px|Coat of arms of Myanmar]] |} ==N== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Namibia]] || [[Image:Namibia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nauru]] || [[Image:Nauru_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nepal]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Nepal.png|120px|Nepal COA]] |- | [[New Zealand]] || [[Image:New_zealand_coa.png|120px|New Zealand COA]] |- | [[Nicaragua]] || [[Image:Nicaragua-coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Nijer]] || [[Image:Nigerarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Nijéria]] || [[Image:Nigeriaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Norway]] || [[Image:Norway_coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==O== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Omani]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- | [[Ostralía]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- | [[Otrishi]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- |} ==P== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Pakistan]] || [[Image:Pakarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Palau]] ||[http://www.bdarop.com/images/Officials/Executive/execseal.gif] This is the Exectutive<br> Seal, but is close in form<br> to the National Arms. |- | [[Panama]] || [[Image:Escudo_armas_Panama.PNG|120px|Panama COA]] |- | [[Papua New Guinea]] || [[Image:PapuaNewGuinea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Paraguay]] || [[Image:Paraguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Peru]] || [[Image:Coa_Peru.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Philippines]] || [[Image:Philippine_coat-of-arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Poland]] || [[Image:Herb Polski.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Poland]] |- | [[Pulutugal]] || [[Image:Portugal_coa.png|120px]] |} ==Q== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Qatar]] ||[http://www.qatarembassy.net/headerBanner.jpg] Seal is on left. |} ==R== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Romania]] || [[Image:Coa_romania.png|120px]] |- | [[Russia]] || [[Image:Russia_coa.png|120px]] |- |} ==S== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] || [[Image:skitts22.PNG|120px|Saint Kitts and Nevis: Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Saint Lucia]] || [[Image:St_lucia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] || [[Image:Svincent22.PNG|center|75px]] |- | [[San Salvador]] || [[Image:El Salvador coa.gif|120px|El Salvador COA]] |- | [[Samoa]] || [[Image:Westasmarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[San Marino]] || [[Image:Smarino.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] || [[Image:Saoprinarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Saudi Arabia]] || [[Image:Saudi coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Scotland]] || [[Image:Scottish royal coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Sénégal]] || [[Image:Senegal_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Serbia and Montenegro]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.png|120px|Serbia and Montenegro Caot of Arms]] |- | [[Seyshel]] || [[Image:Seychelles_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sierra Leone]] || [[Image:SLECOA.gif|120px|Sierra Leone Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Sidafrika]] || [[Image:Za-coa.gif]] |- | [[Singapore]] || [[Image:Symbol_crest.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovakia]] || [[Image:Slovakia_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovenia]] || [[Image:Slovenia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Solomon Islands]] || [[Image:Solomon_Islands_coat_of_arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Spain]] || [[Image:Spain_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sri Lanka]] || [[Image:Sri_lanka_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sudani]] || [[Image:Sudan_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Suriname]] || [[Image:Suriname_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Swaziland]] || [[Image:Swazicoa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sweden]] || [[Image:Sweden_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Swisi]] || [[Image:Switzerland_CoA.png|120px]] |- | [[Syria]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Syria.png|120px]] |} ==T== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| Taiwan ([[Republic of China]]) || [[Image:Republic_of_China_National_Emblem.png|120px|National Emblem of the Republic of China]] |- | [[Tajikistan]] || [[Image:Coa tajikistan.jpg|120px]] | [[Thailand]] || [[Image:Thailand_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Togo]] || [[Image:Togoarms22.PNG|center|120px]] |- | [[Tonga]] || [[Image:Tongaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Trinidad and Tobago]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms_Trinidad_and_Tobago.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tshad]] || [[Image:Chad_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tunisia]] || [[Image:Armes_tunisie.jpg|120px|Tunisia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Turkey]] || Turkey has no<br> recognized or <br>established<br> national coat<br> of arms |- | [[Turkmenistan]] || [[Image:Turkmenistan coa.jpg|120px|Turkmenistan Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Tuvalu]] || [[Image:Tuvalu-coa.jpg|120px]] |} ==U== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| | [[Ukraine]] || [[Image:Ukraine_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[United Arab Emirates]] || [[Image:NationalArmsofUAE.png|120px]] |- | [[United Kingdom]] || [[Image:UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[United States]] || [[Image:Great Seal of the US.png|120px|Great Seal of the U.S.]] |- | [[Uruguay]] || [[Image:Uruguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Uzbekistan]] || [[Image:Uzbekistan coa.png|120px|Uzbekistan Coat of Arms]] |} ==V== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Vanuatu]] || [[Image:Vanuatu_coat_of_arms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Vatican City]] || [[Image:Vatican_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Venezuela]] || [[Image:Venezuela_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Vietnami]] || [[Image:Viet-coa.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==W== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Western Sahara]] ([[Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic]]) || [[Image:Lambang_sahara_barat.png]] |- |} ==Y== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Yemen]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Yemen.png|120px]] |} ==Z== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Zambia]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms of Zambia.png|120px|center]] |- |} [[Category:Almwali]] [[en:Gallery of sovereign state coats of arms]] [[es:Galería de escudos de estados soberanos]] [[fr:Galerie des emblèmes des pays du monde]] [[he:גלריית סמלי מדינות העולם]] [[it:Elenco di stemmi nazionali]] [[nl:Wapenschilden van de wereld]] [[pl:Godła państw świata]] [[ro:Galerie de steme de state suverane]] [[sk:Galéria štátnych znakov]] [[sr:Списак државних грбова]] [[sv:Lista över riksvapen]] 8431 2006-06-15T10:42:44Z 84.189.216.13 /* L */ {{Nationalflags}} __NOTOC__ {{compactTOC2}} ==A== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Afganistani]] || [[Image:COA Afghanistan.png|120px]] |- | [[Albania]] || [[Image:Albania_state_emblem.png|120px|center]] |- | [[Aljeria]] || [[Image:Algeria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Alémani]] || [[Image:Coat of Arms of Germany.svg|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[Bundesadler]]'' (Federal Eagle)</small> |- | [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] || [[Image:morarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Andorra]] || [[Image:Andorra_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Angóla]] || [[Image:Coaofangola.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Antigua and Barbuda]] || [[Image:Antigua_and_barbuda_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Argentina]] || [[Image:Argentina_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Armenia]] || [[Image:Armenia-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Azerbaijan]] || [[Image:Azerbaijan coa.png|120px|]] |- |} ==B== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Bahamas]] || [[Image:Bahamas_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bahrain]] || [[Bahrain coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bangladesh]] || [[Image:Bangladesh_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Barbados]] || [[Image:Barbados_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Belarus]] || [[Image:Belarus_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] || [[Image:Belgium_coat_of_arms_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Belize]] || [[Image:Belize_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bénin]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Benin.png|120px]] |- | [[Bhutan]] || [[Image:Bhutan_emblem.png|120px]] |- | [[Bolivia]] || [[Image:BoliviaArms.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] || [[Image:Bosnia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Botswana]] || [[Image:Bostwanaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Brazil]] || [[Image:Brazil_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Brunei]] || [[Image:Bx-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bulgaria]] || [[Image:Bulgaria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Burkina Faso]] || [[Image:Burkinaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==C== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Cambodia]] || [[Image:Coa cambodia.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Cape Verde]] || [[Image:Capeverdearms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Central African Republic]] || [[Image:Centralaf22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Chile]] || [[Image:Shield_cl.gif|120px]] |- | [[People's Republic of China]] || [[Image:China guohui.png|120px]] |- | [[Colombia]] || [[Image:Colombia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Costa Rica]] || [[Image:CostaRica_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Croatia]] || [[Image:Croatian Coat of Arms.svg|120px]] |- | [[Cuba]] || [[Image:Cuba_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Cyprus]] || [[Image:Cyprus_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Czech Republic]] || [[Image:Czech_coatofarms.jpg|120px]] |} ==D== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Denmark]] || [[Image:The_small_Danish_Coat_of_Arms.jpg|120px]] |- |- | [[Dominica]] || [[Image:Dominica23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Dominican Republic]] || [[Image:Dominican_republic_coa.gif|120px]] |} ==E== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[East Timor]] || [[Image:East_timor_coa.png|120px|East Timor COA]] |- | [[Ekwateli]] || [[Image:Ecuador COA.jpg|120px|Ecuador COA]] |- | [[Ejipti]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Egypt.png|120px|Golden Eagle - Egypt Coat Of Arms]] |- | [[Estonia]] || [[Image:Estonia coat-of-arms.jpg|100px|120px|Estonia COA]] |- |} ==F== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Fiji]] || [[Image:Fij-coa.gif|120px]] |- | [[Finland]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Finland.svg|120px]] |- | [[France]] || [[Image:Armoiries-fr.jpg|120px]] |- |} ==G== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Gabon]] || [[Image:Gabonarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gambia]] || [[Image:Gambiaarms21.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] || [[Image:Georgian_COA.jpg|140px]] |- | [[Ghana]] || [[Image:Ghanaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Greece]] || [[Image:Greece_coa.png|120px|Greece Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Grenada]] || [[Image:Grenadaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Guatemala]] || [[Image:GUAcoat.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Guernsey]] || [[Image:Guernsey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Guernsey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Gine]] || [[Image:Guineaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gine-Bisau]] || [[Image:Coaguinea-bissau.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] || [[Image:Equatorial Guinea coa.png|120px|Equatorial Guinea COA]] |- | [[Guyana]] || [[Image:Guyana_coa.png|120px]] |} ==H== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Haiti]] || [[Image:Haiti_coat_of_arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Holanda]] || [[Image:Arms_netherlands_small.gif|120px|Netherlands Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Honduras]] || [[Image:Honduras_COA.gif|120px|Honduras COA]] |- | [[Hungary]] || [[Image:Hungary coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==I== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Iceland]] || [[Image:ISLcoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[India]] || [[Image:EmblemofIndia-small.png|center]] |- | [[Indonesia]] || [[Image:Indonesiacoatofarms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Iran]] || [[Image:Iran_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Iraq]] || [[Image:Iraq-COA.png|120px]] |- | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] || [[Image:Ireland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Isle of Man]] || [[Image:Isle of Man Arms Small.png|120px|Isle of Man Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Israel]] || [[Image:Israel-coa-medium.png|120px]] |- | [[Italy]] || [[Image:Italian_coa.png|120px|Italian COA]] |} ==J== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Japan]] || [[Image:Japan_coa.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[National and Imperial Seal]]''</small> |- | [[Jersey]] || [[Image:Jersey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Jersey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Jordan]] || [[Image:Coat of Jordan.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Jordan]] |} ==K== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Kamerun]] || [[Image:Cameroon coa.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Kanadá]] || [[Image:Bigcancoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kazakhstan]] || [[image:Embelm_KZ.png|120px]] |- | [[Kiribati]] || [[Image:Kiribaticoa.gif|120px]] |- | [[North Korea]] || [[Image:North_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[South Korea]] || [[Image:South_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Komori]] || [[Image:Comoros_coat_of_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] || [[Image:Congocofarms2.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] || [[Image:Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png|120px]] |- | [[Kotdivuar]] || [[Image:Coa cote d ivory.jpg||120px]] |- | [[Kuwait]] || [[Image:KUW-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kyrgyzstan]] || [[Image:Kyrgyziarms.gif|120px]] |} ==L== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Laos]] || [[Image:Laos_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Latvia]] || [[Image:Latvijas lielais gerbonis.gif|140px]] |- | [[Lebanon]] || [[Image:Lebanon coa.png|120px|Lebanese COA]] |- | [[Lesotho]] || [[Image:Lesotho coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Liberia]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Liberia.png|120px]] |- | [[Libîya]] || [[Image:Libyseal.gif|120px|Libya Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Liechtenstein]] || [[Image:Liechtenstein_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Lithuania]] || [[Image:Lithuanian_vytis.png|120px]] |- | [[Luksambur]] || [[Image:Luxarms.gif|center|120px]] |} ==M== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| (Former Yugoslav) <br> [[Republic of Macedonia]] || [[Image:Grb.gif|120px|Macedonia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Madagascar]] || [[Image:Madagascar_COA.png|120px|Madagasar COA]] |- | [[Malawi]] || [[Image:Malawiarms20.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Malaysia]] || [[Image:Malaysia_Coat_of_Arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Maldives]] || [[Image:Maldives-emblem.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mali]] || [[Image:Maliarms22.PNG]] |- | [[Malta]] || [[Image:Malta_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Marshall Islands]] || [[Image:Marshall_Islands_COA.gif|120px|Marshall Islands COA]] |- | [[Moritani]] || [[Image:maurarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Mauritius]] || [[Image:Mauritius_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mexico]] || [[Image:Mexico_coat_of_arms_(small).png|120px]] |- | [[Federated States of Micronesia]] || [[Image:Micronesie_COA.gif|120px|Micronesia COA]] |- | [[Moldova]] || [[Image:Mda_coa.gif|120px|Moldova Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Monaco]] || [[Image:Monaco_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mongolia]] || [[Image:Suld.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mozambiki]] || [[Image:Mozambique_COA.png|120px|Coat of arms of Mozambique]] |- | [[Myanmar]] || [[Image:Myanmar_COA.gif|120px|Coat of arms of Myanmar]] |} ==N== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Namibia]] || [[Image:Namibia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nauru]] || [[Image:Nauru_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nepal]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Nepal.png|120px|Nepal COA]] |- | [[New Zealand]] || [[Image:New_zealand_coa.png|120px|New Zealand COA]] |- | [[Nicaragua]] || [[Image:Nicaragua-coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Nijer]] || [[Image:Nigerarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Nijéria]] || [[Image:Nigeriaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Norway]] || [[Image:Norway_coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==O== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Omani]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- | [[Ostralía]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- | [[Otrishi]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- |} ==P== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Pakistan]] || [[Image:Pakarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Palau]] ||[http://www.bdarop.com/images/Officials/Executive/execseal.gif] This is the Exectutive<br> Seal, but is close in form<br> to the National Arms. |- | [[Panama]] || [[Image:Escudo_armas_Panama.PNG|120px|Panama COA]] |- | [[Papua New Guinea]] || [[Image:PapuaNewGuinea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Paraguay]] || [[Image:Paraguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Peru]] || [[Image:Coa_Peru.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Philippines]] || [[Image:Philippine_coat-of-arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Poland]] || [[Image:Herb Polski.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Poland]] |- | [[Pulutugal]] || [[Image:Portugal_coa.png|120px]] |} ==Q== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Qatar]] ||[http://www.qatarembassy.net/headerBanner.jpg] Seal is on left. |} ==R== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Romania]] || [[Image:Coa_romania.png|120px]] |- | [[Russia]] || [[Image:Russia_coa.png|120px]] |- |} ==S== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] || [[Image:skitts22.PNG|120px|Saint Kitts and Nevis: Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Saint Lucia]] || [[Image:St_lucia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] || [[Image:Svincent22.PNG|center|75px]] |- | [[San Salvador]] || [[Image:El Salvador coa.gif|120px|El Salvador COA]] |- | [[Samoa]] || [[Image:Westasmarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[San Marino]] || [[Image:Smarino.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] || [[Image:Saoprinarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Saudi Arabia]] || [[Image:Saudi coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Scotland]] || [[Image:Scottish royal coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Sénégal]] || [[Image:Senegal_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Serbia and Montenegro]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.png|120px|Serbia and Montenegro Caot of Arms]] |- | [[Seyshel]] || [[Image:Seychelles_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sierra Leone]] || [[Image:SLECOA.gif|120px|Sierra Leone Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Sidafrika]] || [[Image:Za-coa.gif]] |- | [[Singapore]] || [[Image:Symbol_crest.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovakia]] || [[Image:Slovakia_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovenia]] || [[Image:Slovenia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Solomon Islands]] || [[Image:Solomon_Islands_coat_of_arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Spain]] || [[Image:Spain_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sri Lanka]] || [[Image:Sri_lanka_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sudani]] || [[Image:Sudan_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Suriname]] || [[Image:Suriname_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Swaziland]] || [[Image:Swazicoa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sweden]] || [[Image:Sweden_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Swisi]] || [[Image:Switzerland_CoA.png|120px]] |- | [[Syria]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Syria.png|120px]] |} ==T== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| Taiwan ([[Republic of China]]) || [[Image:Republic_of_China_National_Emblem.png|120px|National Emblem of the Republic of China]] |- | [[Tajikistan]] || [[Image:Coa tajikistan.jpg|120px]] | [[Thailand]] || [[Image:Thailand_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Togo]] || [[Image:Togoarms22.PNG|center|120px]] |- | [[Tonga]] || [[Image:Tongaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Trinidad and Tobago]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms_Trinidad_and_Tobago.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tshad]] || [[Image:Chad_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tunisia]] || [[Image:Armes_tunisie.jpg|120px|Tunisia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Turkey]] || Turkey has no<br> recognized or <br>established<br> national coat<br> of arms |- | [[Turkmenistan]] || [[Image:Turkmenistan coa.jpg|120px|Turkmenistan Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Tuvalu]] || [[Image:Tuvalu-coa.jpg|120px]] |} ==U== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| | [[Ukraine]] || [[Image:Ukraine_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[United Arab Emirates]] || [[Image:NationalArmsofUAE.png|120px]] |- | [[United Kingdom]] || [[Image:UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[United States]] || [[Image:Great Seal of the US.png|120px|Great Seal of the U.S.]] |- | [[Uruguay]] || [[Image:Uruguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Uzbekistan]] || [[Image:Uzbekistan coa.png|120px|Uzbekistan Coat of Arms]] |} ==V== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Vanuatu]] || [[Image:Vanuatu_coat_of_arms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Vatican City]] || [[Image:Vatican_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Venezuela]] || [[Image:Venezuela_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Vietnami]] || [[Image:Viet-coa.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==W== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Western Sahara]] ([[Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic]]) || [[Image:Lambang_sahara_barat.png]] |- |} ==Y== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Yemen]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Yemen.png|120px]] |} ==Z== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Zambia]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms of Zambia.png|120px|center]] |- |} [[Category:Almwali]] [[en:Gallery of sovereign state coats of arms]] [[es:Galería de escudos de estados soberanos]] [[fr:Galerie des emblèmes des pays du monde]] [[he:גלריית סמלי מדינות העולם]] [[it:Elenco di stemmi nazionali]] [[nl:Wapenschilden van de wereld]] [[pl:Godła państw świata]] [[ro:Galerie de steme de state suverane]] [[sk:Galéria štátnych znakov]] [[sr:Списак државних грбова]] [[sv:Lista över riksvapen]] 8451 2006-06-16T05:40:47Z 84.189.245.165 /* I */ {{Nationalflags}} __NOTOC__ {{compactTOC2}} ==A== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Afganistani]] || [[Image:COA Afghanistan.png|120px]] |- | [[Albania]] || [[Image:Albania_state_emblem.png|120px|center]] |- | [[Aljeria]] || [[Image:Algeria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Alémani]] || [[Image:Coat of Arms of Germany.svg|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[Bundesadler]]'' (Federal Eagle)</small> |- | [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] || [[Image:morarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Andorra]] || [[Image:Andorra_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Angóla]] || [[Image:Coaofangola.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Antigua and Barbuda]] || [[Image:Antigua_and_barbuda_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Argentina]] || [[Image:Argentina_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Armenia]] || [[Image:Armenia-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Azerbaijan]] || [[Image:Azerbaijan coa.png|120px|]] |- |} ==B== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Bahamas]] || [[Image:Bahamas_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bahrain]] || [[Bahrain coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bangladesh]] || [[Image:Bangladesh_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Barbados]] || [[Image:Barbados_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Belarus]] || [[Image:Belarus_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] || [[Image:Belgium_coat_of_arms_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Belize]] || [[Image:Belize_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bénin]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Benin.png|120px]] |- | [[Bhutan]] || [[Image:Bhutan_emblem.png|120px]] |- | [[Bolivia]] || [[Image:BoliviaArms.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] || [[Image:Bosnia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Botswana]] || [[Image:Bostwanaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Brazil]] || [[Image:Brazil_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Brunei]] || [[Image:Bx-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bulgaria]] || [[Image:Bulgaria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Burkina Faso]] || [[Image:Burkinaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==C== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Cambodia]] || [[Image:Coa cambodia.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Cape Verde]] || [[Image:Capeverdearms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Central African Republic]] || [[Image:Centralaf22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Chile]] || [[Image:Shield_cl.gif|120px]] |- | [[People's Republic of China]] || [[Image:China guohui.png|120px]] |- | [[Colombia]] || [[Image:Colombia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Costa Rica]] || [[Image:CostaRica_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Croatia]] || [[Image:Croatian Coat of Arms.svg|120px]] |- | [[Cuba]] || [[Image:Cuba_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Cyprus]] || [[Image:Cyprus_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Czech Republic]] || [[Image:Czech_coatofarms.jpg|120px]] |} ==D== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Denmark]] || [[Image:The_small_Danish_Coat_of_Arms.jpg|120px]] |- |- | [[Dominica]] || [[Image:Dominica23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Dominican Republic]] || [[Image:Dominican_republic_coa.gif|120px]] |} ==E== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[East Timor]] || [[Image:East_timor_coa.png|120px|East Timor COA]] |- | [[Ekwateli]] || [[Image:Ecuador COA.jpg|120px|Ecuador COA]] |- | [[Ejipti]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Egypt.png|120px|Golden Eagle - Egypt Coat Of Arms]] |- | [[Estonia]] || [[Image:Estonia coat-of-arms.jpg|100px|120px|Estonia COA]] |- |} ==F== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Fiji]] || [[Image:Fij-coa.gif|120px]] |- | [[Finland]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Finland.svg|120px]] |- | [[France]] || [[Image:Armoiries-fr.jpg|120px]] |- |} ==G== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Gabon]] || [[Image:Gabonarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gambia]] || [[Image:Gambiaarms21.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] || [[Image:Georgian_COA.jpg|140px]] |- | [[Ghana]] || [[Image:Ghanaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Greece]] || [[Image:Greece_coa.png|120px|Greece Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Grenada]] || [[Image:Grenadaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Guatemala]] || [[Image:GUAcoat.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Guernsey]] || [[Image:Guernsey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Guernsey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Gine]] || [[Image:Guineaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gine-Bisau]] || [[Image:Coaguinea-bissau.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] || [[Image:Equatorial Guinea coa.png|120px|Equatorial Guinea COA]] |- | [[Guyana]] || [[Image:Guyana_coa.png|120px]] |} ==H== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Haiti]] || [[Image:Haiti_coat_of_arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Holanda]] || [[Image:Arms_netherlands_small.gif|120px|Netherlands Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Honduras]] || [[Image:Honduras_COA.gif|120px|Honduras COA]] |- | [[Hungary]] || [[Image:Hungary coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==I== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Iceland]] || [[Image:ISLcoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[India]] || [[Image:Emblem of India.svg|100px|center]] |- | [[Indonesia]] || [[Image:Indonesiacoatofarms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Iran]] || [[Image:Iran_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Iraq]] || [[Image:Iraq-COA.png|120px]] |- | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] || [[Image:Ireland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Isle of Man]] || [[Image:Isle of Man Arms Small.png|120px|Isle of Man Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Israel]] || [[Image:Israel-coa-medium.png|120px]] |- | [[Italy]] || [[Image:Italian_coa.png|120px|Italian COA]] |} ==J== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Japan]] || [[Image:Japan_coa.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[National and Imperial Seal]]''</small> |- | [[Jersey]] || [[Image:Jersey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Jersey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Jordan]] || [[Image:Coat of Jordan.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Jordan]] |} ==K== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Kamerun]] || [[Image:Cameroon coa.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Kanadá]] || [[Image:Bigcancoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kazakhstan]] || [[image:Embelm_KZ.png|120px]] |- | [[Kiribati]] || [[Image:Kiribaticoa.gif|120px]] |- | [[North Korea]] || [[Image:North_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[South Korea]] || [[Image:South_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Komori]] || [[Image:Comoros_coat_of_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] || [[Image:Congocofarms2.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] || [[Image:Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png|120px]] |- | [[Kotdivuar]] || [[Image:Coa cote d ivory.jpg||120px]] |- | [[Kuwait]] || [[Image:KUW-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kyrgyzstan]] || [[Image:Kyrgyziarms.gif|120px]] |} ==L== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Laos]] || [[Image:Laos_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Latvia]] || [[Image:Latvijas lielais gerbonis.gif|140px]] |- | [[Lebanon]] || [[Image:Lebanon coa.png|120px|Lebanese COA]] |- | [[Lesotho]] || [[Image:Lesotho coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Liberia]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Liberia.png|120px]] |- | [[Libîya]] || [[Image:Libyseal.gif|120px|Libya Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Liechtenstein]] || [[Image:Liechtenstein_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Lithuania]] || [[Image:Lithuanian_vytis.png|120px]] |- | [[Luksambur]] || [[Image:Luxarms.gif|center|120px]] |} ==M== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| (Former Yugoslav) <br> [[Republic of Macedonia]] || [[Image:Grb.gif|120px|Macedonia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Madagascar]] || [[Image:Madagascar_COA.png|120px|Madagasar COA]] |- | [[Malawi]] || [[Image:Malawiarms20.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Malaysia]] || [[Image:Malaysia_Coat_of_Arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Maldives]] || [[Image:Maldives-emblem.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mali]] || [[Image:Maliarms22.PNG]] |- | [[Malta]] || [[Image:Malta_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Marshall Islands]] || [[Image:Marshall_Islands_COA.gif|120px|Marshall Islands COA]] |- | [[Moritani]] || [[Image:maurarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Mauritius]] || [[Image:Mauritius_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mexico]] || [[Image:Mexico_coat_of_arms_(small).png|120px]] |- | [[Federated States of Micronesia]] || [[Image:Micronesie_COA.gif|120px|Micronesia COA]] |- | [[Moldova]] || [[Image:Mda_coa.gif|120px|Moldova Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Monaco]] || [[Image:Monaco_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mongolia]] || [[Image:Suld.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mozambiki]] || [[Image:Mozambique_COA.png|120px|Coat of arms of Mozambique]] |- | [[Myanmar]] || [[Image:Myanmar_COA.gif|120px|Coat of arms of Myanmar]] |} ==N== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Namibia]] || [[Image:Namibia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nauru]] || [[Image:Nauru_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nepal]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Nepal.png|120px|Nepal COA]] |- | [[New Zealand]] || [[Image:New_zealand_coa.png|120px|New Zealand COA]] |- | [[Nicaragua]] || [[Image:Nicaragua-coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Nijer]] || [[Image:Nigerarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Nijéria]] || [[Image:Nigeriaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Norway]] || [[Image:Norway_coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==O== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Omani]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- | [[Ostralía]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- | [[Otrishi]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- |} ==P== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Pakistan]] || [[Image:Pakarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Palau]] ||[http://www.bdarop.com/images/Officials/Executive/execseal.gif] This is the Exectutive<br> Seal, but is close in form<br> to the National Arms. |- | [[Panama]] || [[Image:Escudo_armas_Panama.PNG|120px|Panama COA]] |- | [[Papua New Guinea]] || [[Image:PapuaNewGuinea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Paraguay]] || [[Image:Paraguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Peru]] || [[Image:Coa_Peru.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Philippines]] || [[Image:Philippine_coat-of-arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Poland]] || [[Image:Herb Polski.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Poland]] |- | [[Pulutugal]] || [[Image:Portugal_coa.png|120px]] |} ==Q== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Qatar]] ||[http://www.qatarembassy.net/headerBanner.jpg] Seal is on left. |} ==R== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Romania]] || [[Image:Coa_romania.png|120px]] |- | [[Russia]] || [[Image:Russia_coa.png|120px]] |- |} ==S== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] || [[Image:skitts22.PNG|120px|Saint Kitts and Nevis: Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Saint Lucia]] || [[Image:St_lucia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] || [[Image:Svincent22.PNG|center|75px]] |- | [[San Salvador]] || [[Image:El Salvador coa.gif|120px|El Salvador COA]] |- | [[Samoa]] || [[Image:Westasmarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[San Marino]] || [[Image:Smarino.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] || [[Image:Saoprinarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Saudi Arabia]] || [[Image:Saudi coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Scotland]] || [[Image:Scottish royal coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Sénégal]] || [[Image:Senegal_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Serbia and Montenegro]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.png|120px|Serbia and Montenegro Caot of Arms]] |- | [[Seyshel]] || [[Image:Seychelles_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sierra Leone]] || [[Image:SLECOA.gif|120px|Sierra Leone Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Sidafrika]] || [[Image:Za-coa.gif]] |- | [[Singapore]] || [[Image:Symbol_crest.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovakia]] || [[Image:Slovakia_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovenia]] || [[Image:Slovenia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Solomon Islands]] || [[Image:Solomon_Islands_coat_of_arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Spain]] || [[Image:Spain_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sri Lanka]] || [[Image:Sri_lanka_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sudani]] || [[Image:Sudan_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Suriname]] || [[Image:Suriname_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Swaziland]] || [[Image:Swazicoa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sweden]] || [[Image:Sweden_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Swisi]] || [[Image:Switzerland_CoA.png|120px]] |- | [[Syria]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Syria.png|120px]] |} ==T== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| Taiwan ([[Republic of China]]) || [[Image:Republic_of_China_National_Emblem.png|120px|National Emblem of the Republic of China]] |- | [[Tajikistan]] || [[Image:Coa tajikistan.jpg|120px]] | [[Thailand]] || [[Image:Thailand_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Togo]] || [[Image:Togoarms22.PNG|center|120px]] |- | [[Tonga]] || [[Image:Tongaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Trinidad and Tobago]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms_Trinidad_and_Tobago.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tshad]] || [[Image:Chad_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tunisia]] || [[Image:Armes_tunisie.jpg|120px|Tunisia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Turkey]] || Turkey has no<br> recognized or <br>established<br> national coat<br> of arms |- | [[Turkmenistan]] || [[Image:Turkmenistan coa.jpg|120px|Turkmenistan Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Tuvalu]] || [[Image:Tuvalu-coa.jpg|120px]] |} ==U== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| | [[Ukraine]] || [[Image:Ukraine_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[United Arab Emirates]] || [[Image:NationalArmsofUAE.png|120px]] |- | [[United Kingdom]] || [[Image:UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[United States]] || [[Image:Great Seal of the US.png|120px|Great Seal of the U.S.]] |- | [[Uruguay]] || [[Image:Uruguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Uzbekistan]] || [[Image:Uzbekistan coa.png|120px|Uzbekistan Coat of Arms]] |} ==V== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Vanuatu]] || [[Image:Vanuatu_coat_of_arms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Vatican City]] || [[Image:Vatican_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Venezuela]] || [[Image:Venezuela_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Vietnami]] || [[Image:Viet-coa.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==W== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Western Sahara]] ([[Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic]]) || [[Image:Lambang_sahara_barat.png]] |- |} ==Y== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Yemen]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Yemen.png|120px]] |} ==Z== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Zambia]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms of Zambia.png|120px|center]] |- |} [[Category:Almwali]] [[en:Gallery of sovereign state coats of arms]] [[es:Galería de escudos de estados soberanos]] [[fr:Galerie des emblèmes des pays du monde]] [[he:גלריית סמלי מדינות העולם]] [[it:Elenco di stemmi nazionali]] [[nl:Wapenschilden van de wereld]] [[pl:Godła państw świata]] [[ro:Galerie de steme de state suverane]] [[sk:Galéria štátnych znakov]] [[sr:Списак државних грбова]] [[sv:Lista över riksvapen]] 8911 2006-07-16T10:34:25Z 83.42.155.51 {{Nationalflags}} __NOTOC__ {{compactTOC2}} ==A== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Afganistani]] || [[Image:COA Afghanistan.png|120px]] |- | [[Albania]] || [[Image:Albania_state_emblem.png|120px|center]] |- | [[Aljeria]] || [[Image:Algeria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Alémani]] || [[Image:Coat of Arms of Germany.svg|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[Bundesadler]]'' (Federal Eagle)</small> |- | [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] || [[Image:morarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Andorra]] || [[Image:Andorra_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Angóla]] || [[Image:Coaofangola.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Antigua and Barbuda]] || [[Image:Antigua_and_barbuda_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Argentina]] || [[Image:Argentina_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Armenia]] || [[Image:Armenia-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Azerbaijan]] || [[Image:Azerbaijan coa.png|120px|]] |- |} ==B== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Bahamas]] || [[Image:Bahamas_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bahrain]] || [[Bahrain coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bangladesh]] || [[Image:Bangladesh_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Barbados]] || [[Image:Barbados_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Belarus]] || [[Image:Belarus_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] || [[Image:Belgium_coat_of_arms_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Belize]] || [[Image:Belize_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bénin]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Benin.png|120px]] |- | [[Bhutan]] || [[Image:Bhutan_emblem.png|120px]] |- | [[Bolivia]] || [[Image:BoliviaArms.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] || [[Image:Bosnia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Botswana]] || [[Image:Bostwanaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Brazil]] || [[Image:Brazil_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Brunei]] || [[Image:Bx-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bulgaria]] || [[Image:Bulgaria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Burkina Faso]] || [[Image:Burkinaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==C== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Cambodia]] || [[Image:Coa cambodia.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Cape Verde]] || [[Image:Capeverdearms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Central African Republic]] || [[Image:Centralaf22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Chile]] || [[Image:Shield_cl.gif|120px]] |- | [[People's Republic of China]] || [[Image:China guohui.png|120px]] |- | [[Colombia]] || [[Image:Colombia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Costa Rica]] || [[Image:CostaRica_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Croatia]] || [[Image:Croatian Coat of Arms.svg|120px]] |- | [[Cuba]] || [[Image:Cuba_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Cyprus]] || [[Image:Cyprus_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Czech Republic]] || [[Image:Czech_coatofarms.jpg|120px]] |} ==D== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Denmark]] || [[Image:The_small_Danish_Coat_of_Arms.jpg|120px]] |- |- | [[Dominica]] || [[Image:Dominica23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Dominican Republic]] || [[Image:Dominican_republic_coa.gif|120px]] |} ==E== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[East Timor]] || [[Image:East_timor_coa.png|120px|East Timor COA]] |- | [[Ekwateli]] || [[Image:Ecuador COA.jpg|120px|Ecuador COA]] |- | [[Ejipti]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Egypt.png|120px|Golden Eagle - Egypt Coat Of Arms]] |- | [[Estonia]] || [[Image:Estonia coat-of-arms.jpg|100px|120px|Estonia COA]] |- |} ==F== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Fiji]] || [[Image:Fij-coa.gif|120px]] |- | [[Finland]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Finland.svg|120px]] |- | [[France]] || [[Image:Armoiries-fr.jpg|120px]] |- |} ==G== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Gabon]] || [[Image:Gabonarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gambia]] || [[Image:Gambiaarms21.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] || [[Image:Georgian_COA.jpg|140px]] |- | [[Ghana]] || [[Image:Ghanaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Greece]] || [[Image:Greece_coa.png|120px|Greece Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Grenada]] || [[Image:Grenadaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Guatemala]] || [[Image:GUAcoat.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Guernsey]] || [[Image:Guernsey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Guernsey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Gine]] || [[Image:Guineaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gine-Bisau]] || [[Image:Coaguinea-bissau.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] || [[Image:Equatorial Guinea coa.png|120px|Equatorial Guinea COA]] |- | [[Guyana]] || [[Image:Guyana_coa.png|120px]] |} ==H== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Haiti]] || [[Image:Haiti_coat_of_arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Holanda]] || [[Image:Arms_netherlands_small.gif|120px|Netherlands Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Honduras]] || [[Image:Honduras_COA.gif|120px|Honduras COA]] |- | [[Hungary]] || [[Image:Hungary coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==I== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Iceland]] || [[Image:ISLcoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[India]] || [[Image:Emblem of India.svg|100px|center]] |- | [[Indonesia]] || [[Image:Indonesiacoatofarms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Iran]] || [[Image:Iran_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Iraq]] || [[Image:Iraq-COA.png|120px]] |- | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] || [[Image:Ireland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Isle of Man]] || [[Image:Isle of Man Arms Small.png|120px|Isle of Man Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Israel]] || [[Image:Israel-coa-medium.png|120px]] |- | [[Italy]] || [[Image:Italian_coa.png|120px|Italian COA]] |} ==J== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Japan]] || [[Image:Japan_coa.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[National and Imperial Seal]]''</small> |- | [[Jersey]] || [[Image:Jersey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Jersey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Jordan]] || [[Image:Coat of Jordan.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Jordan]] |} ==K== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Kamerun]] || [[Image:Cameroon coa.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Kanadá]] || [[Image:Bigcancoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kazakhstan]] || [[image:Embelm_KZ.png|120px]] |- | [[Kiribati]] || [[Image:Kiribaticoa.gif|120px]] |- | [[North Korea]] || [[Image:North_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[South Korea]] || [[Image:South_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Komori]] || [[Image:Comoros_coat_of_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] || [[Image:Congocofarms2.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] || [[Image:Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png|120px]] |- | [[Kotdivuar]] || [[Image:Coa cote d ivory.jpg||120px]] |- | [[Kuwait]] || [[Image:KUW-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kyrgyzstan]] || [[Image:Kyrgyziarms.gif|120px]] |} ==L== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Laos]] || [[Image:Laos_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Latvia]] || [[Image:Latvijas lielais gerbonis.gif|140px]] |- | [[Lebanon]] || [[Image:Lebanon coa.png|120px|Lebanese COA]] |- | [[Lesotho]] || [[Image:Lesotho coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Liberia]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Liberia.png|120px]] |- | [[Libîya]] || [[Image:Libyseal.gif|120px|Libya Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Liechtenstein]] || [[Image:Liechtenstein_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Lithuania]] || [[Image:Lithuanian_vytis.png|120px]] |- | [[Luksambur]] || [[Image:Luxarms.gif|center|120px]] |} ==M== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| (Former Yugoslav) <br> [[Republic of Macedonia]] || [[Image:Grb.gif|120px|Macedonia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Madagascar]] || [[Image:Madagascar_COA.png|120px|Madagasar COA]] |- | [[Malawi]] || [[Image:Malawiarms20.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Malaysia]] || [[Image:Malaysia_Coat_of_Arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Maldives]] || [[Image:Maldives-emblem.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mali]] || [[Image:Maliarms22.PNG]] |- | [[Malta]] || [[Image:Malta_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Marshall Islands]] || [[Image:Marshall_Islands_COA.gif|120px|Marshall Islands COA]] |- | [[Moritani]] || [[Image:maurarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Mauritius]] || [[Image:Mauritius_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mexico]] || [[Image:Mexico_coat_of_arms_(small).png|120px]] |- | [[Federated States of Micronesia]] || [[Image:Micronesie_COA.gif|120px|Micronesia COA]] |- | [[Moldova]] || [[Image:Mda_coa.gif|120px|Moldova Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Monaco]] || [[Image:Monaco_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mongolia]] || [[Image:Suld.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mozambiki]] || [[Image:Mozambique_COA.png|120px|Coat of arms of Mozambique]] |- | [[Myanmar]] || [[Image:Myanmar_COA.gif|120px|Coat of arms of Myanmar]] |} ==N== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Namibia]] || [[Image:Namibia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nauru]] || [[Image:Nauru_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nepal]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Nepal.png|120px|Nepal COA]] |- | [[New Zealand]] || [[Image:New_zealand_coa.png|120px|New Zealand COA]] |- | [[Nicaragua]] || [[Image:Nicaragua-coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Nijer]] || [[Image:Nigerarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Nijéria]] || [[Image:Nigeriaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Norway]] || [[Image:Norway_coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==O== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Omani]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- | [[Ostralía]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- | [[Otrishi]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- |} ==P== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Pakistan]] || [[Image:Pakarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Palau]] ||[http://www.bdarop.com/images/Officials/Executive/execseal.gif] This is the Exectutive<br> Seal, but is close in form<br> to the National Arms. |- | [[Panama]] || [[Image:Escudo_armas_Panama.PNG|120px|Panama COA]] |- | [[Papua New Guinea]] || [[Image:PapuaNewGuinea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Paraguay]] || [[Image:Paraguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Peru]] || [[Image:Coa_Peru.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Philippines]] || [[Image:Philippine_coat-of-arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Poland]] || [[Image:Herb Polski.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Poland]] |- | [[Pulutugal]] || [[Image:Portugal_coa.png|120px]] |} ==Q== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Qatar]] ||[http://www.qatarembassy.net/headerBanner.jpg] Seal is on left. |} ==R== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Romania]] || [[Image:Coa_romania.png|120px]] |- | [[Russia]] || [[Image:Russia_coa.png|120px]] |- |} ==S== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] || [[Image:skitts22.PNG|120px|Saint Kitts and Nevis: Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Saint Lucia]] || [[Image:St_lucia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] || [[Image:Svincent22.PNG|center|75px]] |- | [[San Salvador]] || [[Image:El Salvador coa.gif|120px|El Salvador COA]] |- | [[Samoa]] || [[Image:Westasmarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[San Marino]] || [[Image:Smarino.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] || [[Image:Saoprinarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Saudi Arabia]] || [[Image:Saudi coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Scotland]] || [[Image:Scottish royal coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Sénégal]] || [[Image:Senegal_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Serbia and Montenegro]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.png|120px|Serbia and Montenegro Caot of Arms]] |- | [[Seyshel]] || [[Image:Seychelles_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sierra Leone]] || [[Image:SLECOA.gif|120px|Sierra Leone Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Sidafrika]] || [[Image:Za-coa.gif]] |- | [[Singapore]] || [[Image:Symbol_crest.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovakia]] || [[Image:Slovakia_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovenia]] || [[Image:Slovenia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Solomon Islands]] || [[Image:Solomon_Islands_coat_of_arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Spain]] || [[Image:Spain_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sri Lanka]] || [[Image:Sri_lanka_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sudani]] || [[Image:Sudan_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Suriname]] || [[Image:Suriname_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Swaziland]] || [[Image:Swazicoa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sweden]] || [[Image:Sweden_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Swisi]] || [[Image:Switzerland_CoA.png|120px]] |- | [[Syria]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Syria.png|120px]] |} ==T== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| Taiwan ([[Republic of China]]) || [[Image:Republic_of_China_National_Emblem.png|120px|National Emblem of the Republic of China]] |- | [[Tajikistan]] || [[Image:Coa tajikistan.jpg|120px]] | [[Thailand]] || [[Image:Thailand_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Togo]] || [[Image:Togoarms22.PNG|center|120px]] |- | [[Tonga]] || [[Image:Tongaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Trinidad and Tobago]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms_Trinidad_and_Tobago.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tshad]] || [[Image:Chad_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tunisia]] || [[Image:Armes_tunisie.jpg|120px|Tunisia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Turkey]] || Turkey has no<br> recognized or <br>established<br> national coat<br> of arms |- | [[Turkmenistan]] || [[Image:Turkmenistan coa.jpg|120px|Turkmenistan Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Tuvalu]] || [[Image:Tuvalu-coa.jpg|120px]] |} ==U== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| | [[Ukraine]] || [[Image:Ukraine_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[United Arab Emirates]] || [[Image:NationalArmsofUAE.png|120px]] |- | [[United Kingdom]] || [[Image:UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[United States]] || [[Image:Great Seal of the US.png|120px|Great Seal of the U.S.]] |- | [[Uruguay]] || [[Image:Uruguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Uzbekistan]] || [[Image:Uzbekistan coa.png|120px|Uzbekistan Coat of Arms]] |} ==V== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Vanuatu]] || [[Image:Vanuatu_coat_of_arms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Vatican City]] || [[Image:Vatican_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Venezuela]] || [[Image:Venezuela_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Vietnami]] || [[Image:Viet-coa.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==W== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Western Sahara]] ([[Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic]]) || [[Image:Lambang_sahara_barat.png]] |- |} ==Y== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Yemen]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Yemen.png|120px]] |} ==Z== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Zambia]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms of Zambia.png|120px|center]] |- |} [[Category:Almwali]] [[de:Liste der Nationalwappen]] [[en:Gallery of sovereign state coats of arms]] [[es:Galería de escudos de estados soberanos]] [[fr:Galerie des emblèmes des pays du monde]] [[he:גלריית סמלי מדינות העולם]] [[it:Elenco di stemmi nazionali]] [[nl:Wapenschilden van de wereld]] [[pl:Godła państw świata]] [[ro:Galerie de steme de state suverane]] [[sk:Galéria štátnych znakov]] [[sr:Списак државних грбова]] [[sv:Lista över riksvapen]] 8923 2006-07-18T19:07:50Z 85.178.46.255 /* V */ remplacement d'image non libre avec image libre {{Nationalflags}} __NOTOC__ {{compactTOC2}} ==A== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Afganistani]] || [[Image:COA Afghanistan.png|120px]] |- | [[Albania]] || [[Image:Albania_state_emblem.png|120px|center]] |- | [[Aljeria]] || [[Image:Algeria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Alémani]] || [[Image:Coat of Arms of Germany.svg|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[Bundesadler]]'' (Federal Eagle)</small> |- | [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] || [[Image:morarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Andorra]] || [[Image:Andorra_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Angóla]] || [[Image:Coaofangola.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Antigua and Barbuda]] || [[Image:Antigua_and_barbuda_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Argentina]] || [[Image:Argentina_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Armenia]] || [[Image:Armenia-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Azerbaijan]] || [[Image:Azerbaijan coa.png|120px|]] |- |} ==B== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Bahamas]] || [[Image:Bahamas_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bahrain]] || [[Bahrain coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bangladesh]] || [[Image:Bangladesh_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Barbados]] || [[Image:Barbados_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Belarus]] || [[Image:Belarus_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] || [[Image:Belgium_coat_of_arms_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Belize]] || [[Image:Belize_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bénin]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Benin.png|120px]] |- | [[Bhutan]] || [[Image:Bhutan_emblem.png|120px]] |- | [[Bolivia]] || [[Image:BoliviaArms.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] || [[Image:Bosnia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Botswana]] || [[Image:Bostwanaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Brazil]] || [[Image:Brazil_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Brunei]] || [[Image:Bx-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bulgaria]] || [[Image:Bulgaria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Burkina Faso]] || [[Image:Burkinaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==C== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Cambodia]] || [[Image:Coa cambodia.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Cape Verde]] || [[Image:Capeverdearms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Central African Republic]] || [[Image:Centralaf22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Chile]] || [[Image:Shield_cl.gif|120px]] |- | [[People's Republic of China]] || [[Image:China guohui.png|120px]] |- | [[Colombia]] || [[Image:Colombia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Costa Rica]] || [[Image:CostaRica_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Croatia]] || [[Image:Croatian Coat of Arms.svg|120px]] |- | [[Cuba]] || [[Image:Cuba_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Cyprus]] || [[Image:Cyprus_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Czech Republic]] || [[Image:Czech_coatofarms.jpg|120px]] |} ==D== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Denmark]] || [[Image:The_small_Danish_Coat_of_Arms.jpg|120px]] |- |- | [[Dominica]] || [[Image:Dominica23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Dominican Republic]] || [[Image:Dominican_republic_coa.gif|120px]] |} ==E== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[East Timor]] || [[Image:East_timor_coa.png|120px|East Timor COA]] |- | [[Ekwateli]] || [[Image:Ecuador COA.jpg|120px|Ecuador COA]] |- | [[Ejipti]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Egypt.png|120px|Golden Eagle - Egypt Coat Of Arms]] |- | [[Estonia]] || [[Image:Estonia coat-of-arms.jpg|100px|120px|Estonia COA]] |- |} ==F== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Fiji]] || [[Image:Fij-coa.gif|120px]] |- | [[Finland]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Finland.svg|120px]] |- | [[France]] || [[Image:Armoiries-fr.jpg|120px]] |- |} ==G== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Gabon]] || [[Image:Gabonarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gambia]] || [[Image:Gambiaarms21.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] || [[Image:Georgian_COA.jpg|140px]] |- | [[Ghana]] || [[Image:Ghanaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Greece]] || [[Image:Greece_coa.png|120px|Greece Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Grenada]] || [[Image:Grenadaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Guatemala]] || [[Image:GUAcoat.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Guernsey]] || [[Image:Guernsey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Guernsey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Gine]] || [[Image:Guineaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gine-Bisau]] || [[Image:Coaguinea-bissau.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] || [[Image:Equatorial Guinea coa.png|120px|Equatorial Guinea COA]] |- | [[Guyana]] || [[Image:Guyana_coa.png|120px]] |} ==H== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Haiti]] || [[Image:Haiti_coat_of_arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Holanda]] || [[Image:Arms_netherlands_small.gif|120px|Netherlands Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Honduras]] || [[Image:Honduras_COA.gif|120px|Honduras COA]] |- | [[Hungary]] || [[Image:Hungary coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==I== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Iceland]] || [[Image:ISLcoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[India]] || [[Image:Emblem of India.svg|100px|center]] |- | [[Indonesia]] || [[Image:Indonesiacoatofarms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Iran]] || [[Image:Iran_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Iraq]] || [[Image:Iraq-COA.png|120px]] |- | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] || [[Image:Ireland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Isle of Man]] || [[Image:Isle of Man Arms Small.png|120px|Isle of Man Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Israel]] || [[Image:Israel-coa-medium.png|120px]] |- | [[Italy]] || [[Image:Italian_coa.png|120px|Italian COA]] |} ==J== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Japan]] || [[Image:Japan_coa.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[National and Imperial Seal]]''</small> |- | [[Jersey]] || [[Image:Jersey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Jersey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Jordan]] || [[Image:Coat of Jordan.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Jordan]] |} ==K== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Kamerun]] || [[Image:Cameroon coa.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Kanadá]] || [[Image:Bigcancoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kazakhstan]] || [[image:Embelm_KZ.png|120px]] |- | [[Kiribati]] || [[Image:Kiribaticoa.gif|120px]] |- | [[North Korea]] || [[Image:North_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[South Korea]] || [[Image:South_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Komori]] || [[Image:Comoros_coat_of_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] || [[Image:Congocofarms2.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] || [[Image:Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png|120px]] |- | [[Kotdivuar]] || [[Image:Coa cote d ivory.jpg||120px]] |- | [[Kuwait]] || [[Image:KUW-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kyrgyzstan]] || [[Image:Kyrgyziarms.gif|120px]] |} ==L== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Laos]] || [[Image:Laos_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Latvia]] || [[Image:Latvijas lielais gerbonis.gif|140px]] |- | [[Lebanon]] || [[Image:Lebanon coa.png|120px|Lebanese COA]] |- | [[Lesotho]] || [[Image:Lesotho coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Liberia]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Liberia.png|120px]] |- | [[Libîya]] || [[Image:Libyseal.gif|120px|Libya Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Liechtenstein]] || [[Image:Liechtenstein_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Lithuania]] || [[Image:Lithuanian_vytis.png|120px]] |- | [[Luksambur]] || [[Image:Luxarms.gif|center|120px]] |} ==M== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| (Former Yugoslav) <br> [[Republic of Macedonia]] || [[Image:Grb.gif|120px|Macedonia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Madagascar]] || [[Image:Madagascar_COA.png|120px|Madagasar COA]] |- | [[Malawi]] || [[Image:Malawiarms20.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Malaysia]] || [[Image:Malaysia_Coat_of_Arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Maldives]] || [[Image:Maldives-emblem.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mali]] || [[Image:Maliarms22.PNG]] |- | [[Malta]] || [[Image:Malta_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Marshall Islands]] || [[Image:Marshall_Islands_COA.gif|120px|Marshall Islands COA]] |- | [[Moritani]] || [[Image:maurarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Mauritius]] || [[Image:Mauritius_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mexico]] || [[Image:Mexico_coat_of_arms_(small).png|120px]] |- | [[Federated States of Micronesia]] || [[Image:Micronesie_COA.gif|120px|Micronesia COA]] |- | [[Moldova]] || [[Image:Mda_coa.gif|120px|Moldova Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Monaco]] || [[Image:Monaco_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mongolia]] || [[Image:Suld.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mozambiki]] || [[Image:Mozambique_COA.png|120px|Coat of arms of Mozambique]] |- | [[Myanmar]] || [[Image:Myanmar_COA.gif|120px|Coat of arms of Myanmar]] |} ==N== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Namibia]] || [[Image:Namibia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nauru]] || [[Image:Nauru_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nepal]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Nepal.png|120px|Nepal COA]] |- | [[New Zealand]] || [[Image:New_zealand_coa.png|120px|New Zealand COA]] |- | [[Nicaragua]] || [[Image:Nicaragua-coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Nijer]] || [[Image:Nigerarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Nijéria]] || [[Image:Nigeriaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Norway]] || [[Image:Norway_coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==O== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Omani]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- | [[Ostralía]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- | [[Otrishi]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- |} ==P== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Pakistan]] || [[Image:Pakarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Palau]] ||[http://www.bdarop.com/images/Officials/Executive/execseal.gif] This is the Exectutive<br> Seal, but is close in form<br> to the National Arms. |- | [[Panama]] || [[Image:Escudo_armas_Panama.PNG|120px|Panama COA]] |- | [[Papua New Guinea]] || [[Image:PapuaNewGuinea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Paraguay]] || [[Image:Paraguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Peru]] || [[Image:Coa_Peru.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Philippines]] || [[Image:Philippine_coat-of-arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Poland]] || [[Image:Herb Polski.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Poland]] |- | [[Pulutugal]] || [[Image:Portugal_coa.png|120px]] |} ==Q== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Qatar]] ||[http://www.qatarembassy.net/headerBanner.jpg] Seal is on left. |} ==R== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Romania]] || [[Image:Coa_romania.png|120px]] |- | [[Russia]] || [[Image:Russia_coa.png|120px]] |- |} ==S== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] || [[Image:skitts22.PNG|120px|Saint Kitts and Nevis: Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Saint Lucia]] || [[Image:St_lucia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] || [[Image:Svincent22.PNG|center|75px]] |- | [[San Salvador]] || [[Image:El Salvador coa.gif|120px|El Salvador COA]] |- | [[Samoa]] || [[Image:Westasmarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[San Marino]] || [[Image:Smarino.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] || [[Image:Saoprinarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Saudi Arabia]] || [[Image:Saudi coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Scotland]] || [[Image:Scottish royal coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Sénégal]] || [[Image:Senegal_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Serbia and Montenegro]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.png|120px|Serbia and Montenegro Caot of Arms]] |- | [[Seyshel]] || [[Image:Seychelles_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sierra Leone]] || [[Image:SLECOA.gif|120px|Sierra Leone Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Sidafrika]] || [[Image:Za-coa.gif]] |- | [[Singapore]] || [[Image:Symbol_crest.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovakia]] || [[Image:Slovakia_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovenia]] || [[Image:Slovenia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Solomon Islands]] || [[Image:Solomon_Islands_coat_of_arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Spain]] || [[Image:Spain_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sri Lanka]] || [[Image:Sri_lanka_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sudani]] || [[Image:Sudan_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Suriname]] || [[Image:Suriname_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Swaziland]] || [[Image:Swazicoa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sweden]] || [[Image:Sweden_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Swisi]] || [[Image:Switzerland_CoA.png|120px]] |- | [[Syria]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Syria.png|120px]] |} ==T== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| Taiwan ([[Republic of China]]) || [[Image:Republic_of_China_National_Emblem.png|120px|National Emblem of the Republic of China]] |- | [[Tajikistan]] || [[Image:Coa tajikistan.jpg|120px]] | [[Thailand]] || [[Image:Thailand_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Togo]] || [[Image:Togoarms22.PNG|center|120px]] |- | [[Tonga]] || [[Image:Tongaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Trinidad and Tobago]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms_Trinidad_and_Tobago.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tshad]] || [[Image:Chad_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tunisia]] || [[Image:Armes_tunisie.jpg|120px|Tunisia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Turkey]] || Turkey has no<br> recognized or <br>established<br> national coat<br> of arms |- | [[Turkmenistan]] || [[Image:Turkmenistan coa.jpg|120px|Turkmenistan Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Tuvalu]] || [[Image:Tuvalu-coa.jpg|120px]] |} ==U== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| | [[Ukraine]] || [[Image:Ukraine_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[United Arab Emirates]] || [[Image:NationalArmsofUAE.png|120px]] |- | [[United Kingdom]] || [[Image:UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[United States]] || [[Image:Great Seal of the US.png|120px|Great Seal of the U.S.]] |- | [[Uruguay]] || [[Image:Uruguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Uzbekistan]] || [[Image:Uzbekistan coa.png|120px|Uzbekistan Coat of Arms]] |} ==V== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Vanuatu]] || [[Image:Vanuatu_coat_of_arms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Vatican City]] || [[Image:Vatican_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Venezuela]] || [[Image:Emblem of the Papacy.svg|120px]] |- | [[Vietnami]] || [[Image:Viet-coa.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==W== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Western Sahara]] ([[Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic]]) || [[Image:Lambang_sahara_barat.png]] |- |} ==Y== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Yemen]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Yemen.png|120px]] |} ==Z== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Zambia]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms of Zambia.png|120px|center]] |- |} [[Category:Almwali]] [[de:Liste der Nationalwappen]] [[en:Gallery of sovereign state coats of arms]] [[es:Galería de escudos de estados soberanos]] [[fr:Galerie des emblèmes des pays du monde]] [[he:גלריית סמלי מדינות העולם]] [[it:Elenco di stemmi nazionali]] [[nl:Wapenschilden van de wereld]] [[pl:Godła państw świata]] [[ro:Galerie de steme de state suverane]] [[sk:Galéria štátnych znakov]] [[sr:Списак државних грбова]] [[sv:Lista över riksvapen]] 8924 2006-07-18T20:18:20Z 83.42.155.51 /* U */ {{Nationalflags}} __NOTOC__ {{compactTOC2}} ==A== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Afganistani]] || [[Image:COA Afghanistan.png|120px]] |- | [[Albania]] || [[Image:Albania_state_emblem.png|120px|center]] |- | [[Aljeria]] || [[Image:Algeria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Alémani]] || [[Image:Coat of Arms of Germany.svg|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[Bundesadler]]'' (Federal Eagle)</small> |- | [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] || [[Image:morarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Andorra]] || [[Image:Andorra_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Angóla]] || [[Image:Coaofangola.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Antigua and Barbuda]] || [[Image:Antigua_and_barbuda_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Argentina]] || [[Image:Argentina_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Armenia]] || [[Image:Armenia-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Azerbaijan]] || [[Image:Azerbaijan coa.png|120px|]] |- |} ==B== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Bahamas]] || [[Image:Bahamas_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bahrain]] || [[Bahrain coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bangladesh]] || [[Image:Bangladesh_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Barbados]] || [[Image:Barbados_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Belarus]] || [[Image:Belarus_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] || [[Image:Belgium_coat_of_arms_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Belize]] || [[Image:Belize_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bénin]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Benin.png|120px]] |- | [[Bhutan]] || [[Image:Bhutan_emblem.png|120px]] |- | [[Bolivia]] || [[Image:BoliviaArms.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] || [[Image:Bosnia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Botswana]] || [[Image:Bostwanaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Brazil]] || [[Image:Brazil_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Brunei]] || [[Image:Bx-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bulgaria]] || [[Image:Bulgaria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Burkina Faso]] || [[Image:Burkinaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==C== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Cambodia]] || [[Image:Coa cambodia.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Cape Verde]] || [[Image:Capeverdearms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Central African Republic]] || [[Image:Centralaf22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Chile]] || [[Image:Shield_cl.gif|120px]] |- | [[People's Republic of China]] || [[Image:China guohui.png|120px]] |- | [[Colombia]] || [[Image:Colombia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Costa Rica]] || [[Image:CostaRica_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Croatia]] || [[Image:Croatian Coat of Arms.svg|120px]] |- | [[Cuba]] || [[Image:Cuba_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Cyprus]] || [[Image:Cyprus_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Czech Republic]] || [[Image:Czech_coatofarms.jpg|120px]] |} ==D== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Denmark]] || [[Image:The_small_Danish_Coat_of_Arms.jpg|120px]] |- |- | [[Dominica]] || [[Image:Dominica23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Dominican Republic]] || [[Image:Dominican_republic_coa.gif|120px]] |} ==E== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[East Timor]] || [[Image:East_timor_coa.png|120px|East Timor COA]] |- | [[Ekwateli]] || [[Image:Ecuador COA.jpg|120px|Ecuador COA]] |- | [[Ejipti]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Egypt.png|120px|Golden Eagle - Egypt Coat Of Arms]] |- | [[Estonia]] || [[Image:Estonia coat-of-arms.jpg|100px|120px|Estonia COA]] |- |} ==F== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Fiji]] || [[Image:Fij-coa.gif|120px]] |- | [[Finland]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Finland.svg|120px]] |- | [[France]] || [[Image:Armoiries-fr.jpg|120px]] |- |} ==G== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Gabon]] || [[Image:Gabonarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gambia]] || [[Image:Gambiaarms21.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] || [[Image:Georgian_COA.jpg|140px]] |- | [[Ghana]] || [[Image:Ghanaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Greece]] || [[Image:Greece_coa.png|120px|Greece Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Grenada]] || [[Image:Grenadaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Guatemala]] || [[Image:GUAcoat.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Guernsey]] || [[Image:Guernsey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Guernsey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Gine]] || [[Image:Guineaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gine-Bisau]] || [[Image:Coaguinea-bissau.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] || [[Image:Equatorial Guinea coa.png|120px|Equatorial Guinea COA]] |- | [[Guyana]] || [[Image:Guyana_coa.png|120px]] |} ==H== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Haiti]] || [[Image:Haiti_coat_of_arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Holanda]] || [[Image:Arms_netherlands_small.gif|120px|Netherlands Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Honduras]] || [[Image:Honduras_COA.gif|120px|Honduras COA]] |- | [[Hungary]] || [[Image:Hungary coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==I== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Iceland]] || [[Image:ISLcoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[India]] || [[Image:Emblem of India.svg|100px|center]] |- | [[Indonesia]] || [[Image:Indonesiacoatofarms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Iran]] || [[Image:Iran_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Iraq]] || [[Image:Iraq-COA.png|120px]] |- | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] || [[Image:Ireland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Isle of Man]] || [[Image:Isle of Man Arms Small.png|120px|Isle of Man Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Israel]] || [[Image:Israel-coa-medium.png|120px]] |- | [[Italy]] || [[Image:Italian_coa.png|120px|Italian COA]] |} ==J== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Japan]] || [[Image:Japan_coa.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[National and Imperial Seal]]''</small> |- | [[Jersey]] || [[Image:Jersey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Jersey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Jordan]] || [[Image:Coat of Jordan.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Jordan]] |} ==K== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Kamerun]] || [[Image:Cameroon coa.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Kanadá]] || [[Image:Bigcancoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kazakhstan]] || [[image:Embelm_KZ.png|120px]] |- | [[Kiribati]] || [[Image:Kiribaticoa.gif|120px]] |- | [[North Korea]] || [[Image:North_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[South Korea]] || [[Image:South_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Komori]] || [[Image:Comoros_coat_of_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] || [[Image:Congocofarms2.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] || [[Image:Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png|120px]] |- | [[Kotdivuar]] || [[Image:Coa cote d ivory.jpg||120px]] |- | [[Kuwait]] || [[Image:KUW-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kyrgyzstan]] || [[Image:Kyrgyziarms.gif|120px]] |} ==L== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Laos]] || [[Image:Laos_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Latvia]] || [[Image:Latvijas lielais gerbonis.gif|140px]] |- | [[Lebanon]] || [[Image:Lebanon coa.png|120px|Lebanese COA]] |- | [[Lesotho]] || [[Image:Lesotho coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Liberia]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Liberia.png|120px]] |- | [[Libîya]] || [[Image:Libyseal.gif|120px|Libya Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Liechtenstein]] || [[Image:Liechtenstein_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Lithuania]] || [[Image:Lithuanian_vytis.png|120px]] |- | [[Luksambur]] || [[Image:Luxarms.gif|center|120px]] |} ==M== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| (Former Yugoslav) <br> [[Republic of Macedonia]] || [[Image:Grb.gif|120px|Macedonia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Madagascar]] || [[Image:Madagascar_COA.png|120px|Madagasar COA]] |- | [[Malawi]] || [[Image:Malawiarms20.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Malaysia]] || [[Image:Malaysia_Coat_of_Arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Maldives]] || [[Image:Maldives-emblem.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mali]] || [[Image:Maliarms22.PNG]] |- | [[Malta]] || [[Image:Malta_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Marshall Islands]] || [[Image:Marshall_Islands_COA.gif|120px|Marshall Islands COA]] |- | [[Moritani]] || [[Image:maurarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Mauritius]] || [[Image:Mauritius_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mexico]] || [[Image:Mexico_coat_of_arms_(small).png|120px]] |- | [[Federated States of Micronesia]] || [[Image:Micronesie_COA.gif|120px|Micronesia COA]] |- | [[Moldova]] || [[Image:Mda_coa.gif|120px|Moldova Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Monaco]] || [[Image:Monaco_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mongolia]] || [[Image:Suld.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mozambiki]] || [[Image:Mozambique_COA.png|120px|Coat of arms of Mozambique]] |- | [[Myanmar]] || [[Image:Myanmar_COA.gif|120px|Coat of arms of Myanmar]] |} ==N== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Namibia]] || [[Image:Namibia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nauru]] || [[Image:Nauru_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nepal]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Nepal.png|120px|Nepal COA]] |- | [[New Zealand]] || [[Image:New_zealand_coa.png|120px|New Zealand COA]] |- | [[Nicaragua]] || [[Image:Nicaragua-coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Nijer]] || [[Image:Nigerarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Nijéria]] || [[Image:Nigeriaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Norway]] || [[Image:Norway_coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==O== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Omani]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- | [[Ostralía]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- | [[Otrishi]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- |} ==P== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Pakistan]] || [[Image:Pakarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Palau]] ||[http://www.bdarop.com/images/Officials/Executive/execseal.gif] This is the Exectutive<br> Seal, but is close in form<br> to the National Arms. |- | [[Panama]] || [[Image:Escudo_armas_Panama.PNG|120px|Panama COA]] |- | [[Papua New Guinea]] || [[Image:PapuaNewGuinea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Paraguay]] || [[Image:Paraguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Peru]] || [[Image:Coa_Peru.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Philippines]] || [[Image:Philippine_coat-of-arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Poland]] || [[Image:Herb Polski.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Poland]] |- | [[Pulutugal]] || [[Image:Portugal_coa.png|120px]] |} ==Q== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Qatar]] ||[http://www.qatarembassy.net/headerBanner.jpg] Seal is on left. |} ==R== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Romania]] || [[Image:Coa_romania.png|120px]] |- | [[Russia]] || [[Image:Russia_coa.png|120px]] |- |} ==S== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] || [[Image:skitts22.PNG|120px|Saint Kitts and Nevis: Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Saint Lucia]] || [[Image:St_lucia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] || [[Image:Svincent22.PNG|center|75px]] |- | [[San Salvador]] || [[Image:El Salvador coa.gif|120px|El Salvador COA]] |- | [[Samoa]] || [[Image:Westasmarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[San Marino]] || [[Image:Smarino.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] || [[Image:Saoprinarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Saudi Arabia]] || [[Image:Saudi coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Scotland]] || [[Image:Scottish royal coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Sénégal]] || [[Image:Senegal_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Serbia and Montenegro]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.png|120px|Serbia and Montenegro Caot of Arms]] |- | [[Seyshel]] || [[Image:Seychelles_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sierra Leone]] || [[Image:SLECOA.gif|120px|Sierra Leone Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Sidafrika]] || [[Image:Za-coa.gif]] |- | [[Singapore]] || [[Image:Symbol_crest.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovakia]] || [[Image:Slovakia_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovenia]] || [[Image:Slovenia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Solomon Islands]] || [[Image:Solomon_Islands_coat_of_arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Spain]] || [[Image:Spain_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sri Lanka]] || [[Image:Sri_lanka_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sudani]] || [[Image:Sudan_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Suriname]] || [[Image:Suriname_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Swaziland]] || [[Image:Swazicoa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sweden]] || [[Image:Sweden_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Swisi]] || [[Image:Switzerland_CoA.png|120px]] |- | [[Syria]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Syria.png|120px]] |} ==T== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| Taiwan ([[Republic of China]]) || [[Image:Republic_of_China_National_Emblem.png|120px|National Emblem of the Republic of China]] |- | [[Tajikistan]] || [[Image:Coa tajikistan.jpg|120px]] | [[Thailand]] || [[Image:Thailand_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Togo]] || [[Image:Togoarms22.PNG|center|120px]] |- | [[Tonga]] || [[Image:Tongaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Trinidad and Tobago]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms_Trinidad_and_Tobago.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tshad]] || [[Image:Chad_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tunisia]] || [[Image:Armes_tunisie.jpg|120px|Tunisia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Turkey]] || Turkey has no<br> recognized or <br>established<br> national coat<br> of arms |- | [[Turkmenistan]] || [[Image:Turkmenistan coa.jpg|120px|Turkmenistan Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Tuvalu]] || [[Image:Tuvalu-coa.jpg|120px]] |} ==U== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| | [[Ukraine]] || [[Image:Ukraine_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[United Arab Emirates]] || [[Image:NationalArmsofUAE.png|120px]] |- | [[United Kingdom]] || [[image:Coat of arms of the United Kingdom.png|120px]] |- | [[United States]] || [[Image:Great Seal of the US.png|120px|Great Seal of the U.S.]] |- | [[Uruguay]] || [[Image:Uruguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Uzbekistan]] || [[Image:Uzbekistan coa.png|120px|Uzbekistan Coat of Arms]] |} ==V== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Vanuatu]] || [[Image:Vanuatu_coat_of_arms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Vatican City]] || [[Image:Vatican_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Venezuela]] || [[Image:Emblem of the Papacy.svg|120px]] |- | [[Vietnami]] || [[Image:Viet-coa.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==W== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Western Sahara]] ([[Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic]]) || [[Image:Lambang_sahara_barat.png]] |- |} ==Y== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Yemen]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Yemen.png|120px]] |} ==Z== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Zambia]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms of Zambia.png|120px|center]] |- |} [[Category:Almwali]] [[de:Liste der Nationalwappen]] [[en:Gallery of sovereign state coats of arms]] [[es:Galería de escudos de estados soberanos]] [[fr:Galerie des emblèmes des pays du monde]] [[he:גלריית סמלי מדינות העולם]] [[it:Elenco di stemmi nazionali]] [[nl:Wapenschilden van de wereld]] [[pl:Godła państw świata]] [[ro:Galerie de steme de state suverane]] [[sk:Galéria štátnych znakov]] [[sr:Списак државних грбова]] [[sv:Lista över riksvapen]] 9022 2006-08-02T05:53:57Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: [[ja:国章の一覧]] {{Nationalflags}} __NOTOC__ {{compactTOC2}} ==A== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Afganistani]] || [[Image:COA Afghanistan.png|120px]] |- | [[Albania]] || [[Image:Albania_state_emblem.png|120px|center]] |- | [[Aljeria]] || [[Image:Algeria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Alémani]] || [[Image:Coat of Arms of Germany.svg|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[Bundesadler]]'' (Federal Eagle)</small> |- | [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] || [[Image:morarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Andorra]] || [[Image:Andorra_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Angóla]] || [[Image:Coaofangola.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Antigua and Barbuda]] || [[Image:Antigua_and_barbuda_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Argentina]] || [[Image:Argentina_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Armenia]] || [[Image:Armenia-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Azerbaijan]] || [[Image:Azerbaijan coa.png|120px|]] |- |} ==B== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Bahamas]] || [[Image:Bahamas_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bahrain]] || [[Bahrain coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bangladesh]] || [[Image:Bangladesh_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Barbados]] || [[Image:Barbados_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Belarus]] || [[Image:Belarus_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] || [[Image:Belgium_coat_of_arms_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Belize]] || [[Image:Belize_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bénin]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Benin.png|120px]] |- | [[Bhutan]] || [[Image:Bhutan_emblem.png|120px]] |- | [[Bolivia]] || [[Image:BoliviaArms.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] || [[Image:Bosnia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Botswana]] || [[Image:Bostwanaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Brazil]] || [[Image:Brazil_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Brunei]] || [[Image:Bx-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bulgaria]] || [[Image:Bulgaria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Burkina Faso]] || [[Image:Burkinaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==C== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Cambodia]] || [[Image:Coa cambodia.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Cape Verde]] || [[Image:Capeverdearms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Central African Republic]] || [[Image:Centralaf22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Chile]] || [[Image:Shield_cl.gif|120px]] |- | [[People's Republic of China]] || [[Image:China guohui.png|120px]] |- | [[Colombia]] || [[Image:Colombia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Costa Rica]] || [[Image:CostaRica_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Croatia]] || [[Image:Croatian Coat of Arms.svg|120px]] |- | [[Cuba]] || [[Image:Cuba_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Cyprus]] || [[Image:Cyprus_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Czech Republic]] || [[Image:Czech_coatofarms.jpg|120px]] |} ==D== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Denmark]] || [[Image:The_small_Danish_Coat_of_Arms.jpg|120px]] |- |- | [[Dominica]] || [[Image:Dominica23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Dominican Republic]] || [[Image:Dominican_republic_coa.gif|120px]] |} ==E== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[East Timor]] || [[Image:East_timor_coa.png|120px|East Timor COA]] |- | [[Ekwateli]] || [[Image:Ecuador COA.jpg|120px|Ecuador COA]] |- | [[Ejipti]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Egypt.png|120px|Golden Eagle - Egypt Coat Of Arms]] |- | [[Estonia]] || [[Image:Estonia coat-of-arms.jpg|100px|120px|Estonia COA]] |- |} ==F== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Fiji]] || [[Image:Fij-coa.gif|120px]] |- | [[Finland]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Finland.svg|120px]] |- | [[France]] || [[Image:Armoiries-fr.jpg|120px]] |- |} ==G== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Gabon]] || [[Image:Gabonarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gambia]] || [[Image:Gambiaarms21.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] || [[Image:Georgian_COA.jpg|140px]] |- | [[Ghana]] || [[Image:Ghanaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Greece]] || [[Image:Greece_coa.png|120px|Greece Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Grenada]] || [[Image:Grenadaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Guatemala]] || [[Image:GUAcoat.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Guernsey]] || [[Image:Guernsey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Guernsey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Gine]] || [[Image:Guineaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gine-Bisau]] || [[Image:Coaguinea-bissau.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] || [[Image:Equatorial Guinea coa.png|120px|Equatorial Guinea COA]] |- | [[Guyana]] || [[Image:Guyana_coa.png|120px]] |} ==H== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Haiti]] || [[Image:Haiti_coat_of_arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Holanda]] || [[Image:Arms_netherlands_small.gif|120px|Netherlands Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Honduras]] || [[Image:Honduras_COA.gif|120px|Honduras COA]] |- | [[Hungary]] || [[Image:Hungary coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==I== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Iceland]] || [[Image:ISLcoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[India]] || [[Image:Emblem of India.svg|100px|center]] |- | [[Indonesia]] || [[Image:Indonesiacoatofarms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Iran]] || [[Image:Iran_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Iraq]] || [[Image:Iraq-COA.png|120px]] |- | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] || [[Image:Ireland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Isle of Man]] || [[Image:Isle of Man Arms Small.png|120px|Isle of Man Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Israel]] || [[Image:Israel-coa-medium.png|120px]] |- | [[Italy]] || [[Image:Italian_coa.png|120px|Italian COA]] |} ==J== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Japan]] || [[Image:Japan_coa.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[National and Imperial Seal]]''</small> |- | [[Jersey]] || [[Image:Jersey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Jersey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Jordan]] || [[Image:Coat of Jordan.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Jordan]] |} ==K== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Kamerun]] || [[Image:Cameroon coa.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Kanadá]] || [[Image:Bigcancoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kazakhstan]] || [[image:Embelm_KZ.png|120px]] |- | [[Kiribati]] || [[Image:Kiribaticoa.gif|120px]] |- | [[North Korea]] || [[Image:North_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[South Korea]] || [[Image:South_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Komori]] || [[Image:Comoros_coat_of_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] || [[Image:Congocofarms2.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] || [[Image:Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png|120px]] |- | [[Kotdivuar]] || [[Image:Coa cote d ivory.jpg||120px]] |- | [[Kuwait]] || [[Image:KUW-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kyrgyzstan]] || [[Image:Kyrgyziarms.gif|120px]] |} ==L== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Laos]] || [[Image:Laos_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Latvia]] || [[Image:Latvijas lielais gerbonis.gif|140px]] |- | [[Lebanon]] || [[Image:Lebanon coa.png|120px|Lebanese COA]] |- | [[Lesotho]] || [[Image:Lesotho coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Liberia]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Liberia.png|120px]] |- | [[Libîya]] || [[Image:Libyseal.gif|120px|Libya Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Liechtenstein]] || [[Image:Liechtenstein_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Lithuania]] || [[Image:Lithuanian_vytis.png|120px]] |- | [[Luksambur]] || [[Image:Luxarms.gif|center|120px]] |} ==M== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| (Former Yugoslav) <br> [[Republic of Macedonia]] || [[Image:Grb.gif|120px|Macedonia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Madagascar]] || [[Image:Madagascar_COA.png|120px|Madagasar COA]] |- | [[Malawi]] || [[Image:Malawiarms20.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Malaysia]] || [[Image:Malaysia_Coat_of_Arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Maldives]] || [[Image:Maldives-emblem.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mali]] || [[Image:Maliarms22.PNG]] |- | [[Malta]] || [[Image:Malta_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Marshall Islands]] || [[Image:Marshall_Islands_COA.gif|120px|Marshall Islands COA]] |- | [[Moritani]] || [[Image:maurarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Mauritius]] || [[Image:Mauritius_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mexico]] || [[Image:Mexico_coat_of_arms_(small).png|120px]] |- | [[Federated States of Micronesia]] || [[Image:Micronesie_COA.gif|120px|Micronesia COA]] |- | [[Moldova]] || [[Image:Mda_coa.gif|120px|Moldova Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Monaco]] || [[Image:Monaco_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mongolia]] || [[Image:Suld.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mozambiki]] || [[Image:Mozambique_COA.png|120px|Coat of arms of Mozambique]] |- | [[Myanmar]] || [[Image:Myanmar_COA.gif|120px|Coat of arms of Myanmar]] |} ==N== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Namibia]] || [[Image:Namibia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nauru]] || [[Image:Nauru_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nepal]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Nepal.png|120px|Nepal COA]] |- | [[New Zealand]] || [[Image:New_zealand_coa.png|120px|New Zealand COA]] |- | [[Nicaragua]] || [[Image:Nicaragua-coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Nijer]] || [[Image:Nigerarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Nijéria]] || [[Image:Nigeriaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Norway]] || [[Image:Norway_coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==O== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Omani]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- | [[Ostralía]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- | [[Otrishi]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- |} ==P== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Pakistan]] || [[Image:Pakarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Palau]] ||[http://www.bdarop.com/images/Officials/Executive/execseal.gif] This is the Exectutive<br> Seal, but is close in form<br> to the National Arms. |- | [[Panama]] || [[Image:Escudo_armas_Panama.PNG|120px|Panama COA]] |- | [[Papua New Guinea]] || [[Image:PapuaNewGuinea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Paraguay]] || [[Image:Paraguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Peru]] || [[Image:Coa_Peru.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Philippines]] || [[Image:Philippine_coat-of-arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Poland]] || [[Image:Herb Polski.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Poland]] |- | [[Pulutugal]] || [[Image:Portugal_coa.png|120px]] |} ==Q== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Qatar]] ||[http://www.qatarembassy.net/headerBanner.jpg] Seal is on left. |} ==R== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Romania]] || [[Image:Coa_romania.png|120px]] |- | [[Russia]] || [[Image:Russia_coa.png|120px]] |- |} ==S== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] || [[Image:skitts22.PNG|120px|Saint Kitts and Nevis: Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Saint Lucia]] || [[Image:St_lucia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] || [[Image:Svincent22.PNG|center|75px]] |- | [[San Salvador]] || [[Image:El Salvador coa.gif|120px|El Salvador COA]] |- | [[Samoa]] || [[Image:Westasmarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[San Marino]] || [[Image:Smarino.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] || [[Image:Saoprinarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Saudi Arabia]] || [[Image:Saudi coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Scotland]] || [[Image:Scottish royal coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Sénégal]] || [[Image:Senegal_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Serbia and Montenegro]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.png|120px|Serbia and Montenegro Caot of Arms]] |- | [[Seyshel]] || [[Image:Seychelles_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sierra Leone]] || [[Image:SLECOA.gif|120px|Sierra Leone Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Sidafrika]] || [[Image:Za-coa.gif]] |- | [[Singapore]] || [[Image:Symbol_crest.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovakia]] || [[Image:Slovakia_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovenia]] || [[Image:Slovenia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Solomon Islands]] || [[Image:Solomon_Islands_coat_of_arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Spain]] || [[Image:Spain_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sri Lanka]] || [[Image:Sri_lanka_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sudani]] || [[Image:Sudan_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Suriname]] || [[Image:Suriname_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Swaziland]] || [[Image:Swazicoa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sweden]] || [[Image:Sweden_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Swisi]] || [[Image:Switzerland_CoA.png|120px]] |- | [[Syria]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Syria.png|120px]] |} ==T== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| Taiwan ([[Republic of China]]) || [[Image:Republic_of_China_National_Emblem.png|120px|National Emblem of the Republic of China]] |- | [[Tajikistan]] || [[Image:Coa tajikistan.jpg|120px]] | [[Thailand]] || [[Image:Thailand_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Togo]] || [[Image:Togoarms22.PNG|center|120px]] |- | [[Tonga]] || [[Image:Tongaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Trinidad and Tobago]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms_Trinidad_and_Tobago.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tshad]] || [[Image:Chad_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tunisia]] || [[Image:Armes_tunisie.jpg|120px|Tunisia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Turkey]] || Turkey has no<br> recognized or <br>established<br> national coat<br> of arms |- | [[Turkmenistan]] || [[Image:Turkmenistan coa.jpg|120px|Turkmenistan Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Tuvalu]] || [[Image:Tuvalu-coa.jpg|120px]] |} ==U== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| | [[Ukraine]] || [[Image:Ukraine_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[United Arab Emirates]] || [[Image:NationalArmsofUAE.png|120px]] |- | [[United Kingdom]] || [[image:Coat of arms of the United Kingdom.png|120px]] |- | [[United States]] || [[Image:Great Seal of the US.png|120px|Great Seal of the U.S.]] |- | [[Uruguay]] || [[Image:Uruguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Uzbekistan]] || [[Image:Uzbekistan coa.png|120px|Uzbekistan Coat of Arms]] |} ==V== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Vanuatu]] || [[Image:Vanuatu_coat_of_arms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Vatican City]] || [[Image:Vatican_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Venezuela]] || [[Image:Emblem of the Papacy.svg|120px]] |- | [[Vietnami]] || [[Image:Viet-coa.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==W== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Western Sahara]] ([[Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic]]) || [[Image:Lambang_sahara_barat.png]] |- |} ==Y== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Yemen]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Yemen.png|120px]] |} ==Z== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Zambia]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms of Zambia.png|120px|center]] |- |} [[Category:Almwali]] [[de:Liste der Nationalwappen]] [[en:Gallery of sovereign state coats of arms]] [[es:Galería de escudos de estados soberanos]] [[fr:Galerie des emblèmes des pays du monde]] [[he:גלריית סמלי מדינות העולם]] [[it:Elenco di stemmi nazionali]] [[ja:国章の一覧]] [[nl:Wapenschilden van de wereld]] [[pl:Godła państw świata]] [[ro:Galerie de steme de state suverane]] [[sk:Galéria štátnych znakov]] [[sr:Списак државних грбова]] [[sv:Lista över riksvapen]] 9092 2006-08-10T11:42:24Z Jon Harald Søby 63 changing image to be deleted from commons {{Nationalflags}} __NOTOC__ {{compactTOC2}} ==A== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Afganistani]] || [[Image:COA Afghanistan.png|120px]] |- | [[Albania]] || [[Image:Albania_state_emblem.png|120px|center]] |- | [[Aljeria]] || [[Image:Algeria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Alémani]] || [[Image:Coat of Arms of Germany.svg|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[Bundesadler]]'' (Federal Eagle)</small> |- | [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] || [[Image:morarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Andorra]] || [[Image:Andorra_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Angóla]] || [[Image:Coaofangola.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Antigua and Barbuda]] || [[Image:Antigua_and_barbuda_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Argentina]] || [[Image:Argentina_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Armenia]] || [[Image:Armenia-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Azerbaijan]] || [[Image:Azerbaijan coa.png|120px|]] |- |} ==B== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Bahamas]] || [[Image:Bahamas_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bahrain]] || [[Bahrain coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bangladesh]] || [[Image:Bangladesh_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Barbados]] || [[Image:Barbados_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Belarus]] || [[Image:Belarus_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] || [[Image:Belgium_coat_of_arms_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Belize]] || [[Image:Belize_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bénin]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Benin.png|120px]] |- | [[Bhutan]] || [[Image:Bhutan_emblem.png|120px]] |- | [[Bolivia]] || [[Image:BoliviaArms.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] || [[Image:Bosnia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Botswana]] || [[Image:Bostwanaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Brazil]] || [[Image:Brazil_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Brunei]] || [[Image:Bx-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bulgaria]] || [[Image:Bulgaria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Burkina Faso]] || [[Image:Burkinaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==C== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Cambodia]] || [[Image:Coa cambodia.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Cape Verde]] || [[Image:Capeverdearms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Central African Republic]] || [[Image:Centralaf22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Chile]] || [[Image:Shield_cl.gif|120px]] |- | [[People's Republic of China]] || [[Image:China guohui.png|120px]] |- | [[Colombia]] || [[Image:Colombia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Costa Rica]] || [[Image:CostaRica_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Croatia]] || [[Image:Croatian Coat of Arms.svg|120px]] |- | [[Cuba]] || [[Image:Cuba_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Cyprus]] || [[Image:Cyprus_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Czech Republic]] || [[Image:Czech_coatofarms.jpg|120px]] |} ==D== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Denmark]] || [[Image:The_small_Danish_Coat_of_Arms.jpg|120px]] |- |- | [[Dominica]] || [[Image:Dominica23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Dominican Republic]] || [[Image:Dominican_republic_coa.gif|120px]] |} ==E== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[East Timor]] || [[Image:East_timor_coa.png|120px|East Timor COA]] |- | [[Ekwateli]] || [[Image:Ecuador COA.jpg|120px|Ecuador COA]] |- | [[Ejipti]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Egypt.png|120px|Golden Eagle - Egypt Coat Of Arms]] |- | [[Estonia]] || [[Image:Estonia coat-of-arms.jpg|100px|120px|Estonia COA]] |- |} ==F== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Fiji]] || [[Image:Fij-coa.gif|120px]] |- | [[Finland]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Finland.svg|120px]] |- | [[France]] || [[Image:Armoiries-fr.jpg|120px]] |- |} ==G== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Gabon]] || [[Image:Gabonarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gambia]] || [[Image:Gambiaarms21.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] || [[Image:Georgian_COA.jpg|140px]] |- | [[Ghana]] || [[Image:Ghanaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Greece]] || [[Image:Greece_coa.png|120px|Greece Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Grenada]] || [[Image:Grenadaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Guatemala]] || [[Image:GUAcoat.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Guernsey]] || [[Image:Guernsey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Guernsey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Gine]] || [[Image:Guineaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gine-Bisau]] || [[Image:Coaguinea-bissau.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] || [[Image:Equatorial Guinea coa.png|120px|Equatorial Guinea COA]] |- | [[Guyana]] || [[Image:Guyana_coa.png|120px]] |} ==H== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Haiti]] || [[Image:Haiti_coat_of_arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Holanda]] || [[Image:Arms_netherlands_small.gif|120px|Netherlands Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Honduras]] || [[Image:Honduras_COA.gif|120px|Honduras COA]] |- | [[Hungary]] || [[Image:Hungary coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==I== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Iceland]] || [[Image:ISLcoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[India]] || [[Image:Emblem of India.svg|100px|center]] |- | [[Indonesia]] || [[Image:Indonesiacoatofarms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Iran]] || [[Image:Iran_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Iraq]] || [[Image:Iraq-COA.png|120px]] |- | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] || [[Image:Ireland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Isle of Man]] || [[Image:Isle of Man Arms Small.png|120px|Isle of Man Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Israel]] || [[Image:Israel-coa-medium.png|120px]] |- | [[Italy]] || [[Image:Italian_coa.png|120px|Italian COA]] |} ==J== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Japan]] || [[Image:Japan_coa.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[National and Imperial Seal]]''</small> |- | [[Jersey]] || [[Image:Jersey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Jersey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Jordan]] || [[Image:Coat of Jordan.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Jordan]] |} ==K== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Kamerun]] || [[Image:Cameroon coa.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Kanadá]] || [[Image:Bigcancoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kazakhstan]] || [[image:Embelm_KZ.png|120px]] |- | [[Kiribati]] || [[Image:Kiribaticoa.gif|120px]] |- | [[North Korea]] || [[Image:North_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[South Korea]] || [[Image:South_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Komori]] || [[Image:Comoros_coat_of_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] || [[Image:Congocofarms2.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] || [[Image:Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png|120px]] |- | [[Kotdivuar]] || [[Image:Coa cote d ivory.jpg||120px]] |- | [[Kuwait]] || [[Image:KUW-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kyrgyzstan]] || [[Image:Kyrgyziarms.gif|120px]] |} ==L== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Laos]] || [[Image:Laos_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Latvia]] || [[Image:Latvijas lielais gerbonis.gif|140px]] |- | [[Lebanon]] || [[Image:Lebanon coa.png|120px|Lebanese COA]] |- | [[Lesotho]] || [[Image:Lesotho coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Liberia]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Liberia.png|120px]] |- | [[Libîya]] || [[Image:Libyseal.gif|120px|Libya Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Liechtenstein]] || [[Image:Liechtenstein_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Lithuania]] || [[Image:Lithuanian_vytis.png|120px]] |- | [[Luksambur]] || [[Image:Luxarms.gif|center|120px]] |} ==M== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| (Former Yugoslav) <br> [[Republic of Macedonia]] || [[Image:Grb.gif|120px|Macedonia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Madagascar]] || [[Image:Madagascar_COA.png|120px|Madagasar COA]] |- | [[Malawi]] || [[Image:Malawiarms20.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Malaysia]] || [[Image:Malaysia_Coat_of_Arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Maldives]] || [[Image:Maldives-emblem.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mali]] || [[Image:Maliarms22.PNG]] |- | [[Malta]] || [[Image:Malta_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Marshall Islands]] || [[Image:Marshall_Islands_COA.gif|120px|Marshall Islands COA]] |- | [[Moritani]] || [[Image:maurarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Mauritius]] || [[Image:Mauritius_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mexico]] || [[Image:Mexico_coat_of_arms_(small).png|120px]] |- | [[Federated States of Micronesia]] || [[Image:Micronesie_COA.gif|120px|Micronesia COA]] |- | [[Moldova]] || [[Image:Mda_coa.gif|120px|Moldova Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Monaco]] || [[Image:Monaco_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mongolia]] || [[Image:Suld.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mozambiki]] || [[Image:Mozambique_COA.png|120px|Coat of arms of Mozambique]] |- | [[Myanmar]] || [[Image:Myanmar_COA.gif|120px|Coat of arms of Myanmar]] |} ==N== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Namibia]] || [[Image:Namibia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nauru]] || [[Image:Nauru_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nepal]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Nepal.png|120px|Nepal COA]] |- | [[New Zealand]] || [[Image:New_zealand_coa.png|120px|New Zealand COA]] |- | [[Nicaragua]] || [[Image:Nicaragua-coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Nijer]] || [[Image:Nigerarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Nijéria]] || [[Image:Nigeriaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Norway]] || [[Image:Norway_coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==O== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Omani]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- | [[Ostralía]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- | [[Otrishi]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- |} ==P== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Pakistan]] || [[Image:Pakarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Palau]] ||[http://www.bdarop.com/images/Officials/Executive/execseal.gif] This is the Exectutive<br> Seal, but is close in form<br> to the National Arms. |- | [[Panama]] || [[Image:Escudo_armas_Panama.PNG|120px|Panama COA]] |- | [[Papua New Guinea]] || [[Image:PapuaNewGuinea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Paraguay]] || [[Image:Paraguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Peru]] || [[Image:Coa_Peru.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Philippines]] || [[Image:Philippine_coat-of-arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Poland]] || [[Image:Herb Polski.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Poland]] |- | [[Pulutugal]] || [[Image:Portugal_coa.png|120px]] |} ==Q== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Qatar]] ||[http://www.qatarembassy.net/headerBanner.jpg] Seal is on left. |} ==R== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Romania]] || [[Image:Coa_romania.png|120px]] |- | [[Russia]] || [[Image:Russia_coa.png|120px]] |- |} ==S== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] || [[Image:skitts22.PNG|120px|Saint Kitts and Nevis: Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Saint Lucia]] || [[Image:St_lucia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] || [[Image:Svincent22.PNG|center|75px]] |- | [[San Salvador]] || [[Image:El Salvador coa.gif|120px|El Salvador COA]] |- | [[Samoa]] || [[Image:Westasmarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[San Marino]] || [[Image:Smarino.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] || [[Image:Saoprinarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Saudi Arabia]] || [[Image:Saudi coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Scotland]] || [[Image:Scottish royal coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Sénégal]] || [[Image:Senegal_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Serbia and Montenegro]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.png|120px|Serbia and Montenegro Caot of Arms]] |- | [[Seyshel]] || [[Image:Seychelles_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sierra Leone]] || [[Image:SLECOA.gif|120px|Sierra Leone Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Sidafrika]] || [[Image:Za-coa.gif]] |- | [[Singapore]] || [[Image:Symbol_crest.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovakia]] || [[Image:Slovakia_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovenia]] || [[Image:Slovenia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Solomon Islands]] || [[Image:Solomon_Islands_coat_of_arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Spain]] || [[Image:Spain_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sri Lanka]] || [[Image:Sri_lanka_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sudani]] || [[Image:Sudan_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Suriname]] || [[Image:Suriname_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Swaziland]] || [[Image:Swazicoa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sweden]] || [[Image:Sweden_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Swisi]] || [[Image:Switzerland_CoA.png|120px]] |- | [[Syria]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Syria.png|120px]] |} ==T== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| Taiwan ([[Republic of China]]) || [[Image:Republic_of_China_National_Emblem.png|120px|National Emblem of the Republic of China]] |- | [[Tajikistan]] || [[Image:Coa tajikistan.jpg|120px]] | [[Thailand]] || [[Image:Thailand_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Togo]] || [[Image:Togoarms22.PNG|center|120px]] |- | [[Tonga]] || [[Image:Tongaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Trinidad and Tobago]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms_Trinidad_and_Tobago.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tshad]] || [[Image:Chad_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tunisia]] || [[Image:Armes_tunisie.jpg|120px|Tunisia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Turkey]] || Turkey has no<br> recognized or <br>established<br> national coat<br> of arms |- | [[Turkmenistan]] || [[Image:Turkmenistan coa.jpg|120px|Turkmenistan Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Tuvalu]] || [[Image:Tuvalu-coa.jpg|120px]] |} ==U== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| | [[Ukraine]] || [[Image:Ukraine_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[United Arab Emirates]] || [[Image:NationalArmsofUAE.png|120px]] |- | [[United Kingdom]] || [[image:Coat of arms of the United Kingdom.png|120px]] |- | [[United States]] || [[Image:Great Seal of the US.png|120px|Great Seal of the U.S.]] |- | [[Uruguay]] || [[Image:Uruguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Uzbekistan]] || [[Image:Uzbekistan coa.png|120px|Uzbekistan Coat of Arms]] |} ==V== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Vanuatu]] || [[Image:Vanuatu_coat_of_arms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Vatican City]] || [[Image:Emblem of the Papacy.svg|120px]] |- | [[Venezuela]] || [[Image:Venezuela coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Vietnami]] || [[Image:Viet-coa.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==W== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Western Sahara]] ([[Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic]]) || [[Image:Lambang_sahara_barat.png]] |- |} ==Y== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Yemen]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Yemen.png|120px]] |} ==Z== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Zambia]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms of Zambia.png|120px|center]] |- |} [[Category:Almwali]] [[de:Liste der Nationalwappen]] [[en:Gallery of sovereign state coats of arms]] [[es:Galería de escudos de estados soberanos]] [[fr:Galerie des emblèmes des pays du monde]] [[he:גלריית סמלי מדינות העולם]] [[it:Elenco di stemmi nazionali]] [[ja:国章の一覧]] [[nl:Wapenschilden van de wereld]] [[pl:Godła państw świata]] [[ro:Galerie de steme de state suverane]] [[sk:Galéria štátnych znakov]] [[sr:Списак државних грбова]] [[sv:Lista över riksvapen]] 9104 2006-08-13T22:09:49Z 222.121.185.143 /* A */ {{Nationalflags}} __NOTOC__ {{compactTOC2}} ==A== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Afganistani]] || [[Image:COA Afghanistan.png|120px]] |- | [[Albania]] || [[Image:Albania_state_emblem.png|120px|center]] |- | [[Aljeria]] || [[Image:Algeria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Alémani]] || [[Image:Coat of Arms of Germany.svg|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[Bundesadler]]'' (Federal Eagle)</small> |- | [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Morocco.png|120px]] |- | [[Andorra]] || [[Image:Andorra_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Angóla]] || [[Image:Coaofangola.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Antigua and Barbuda]] || [[Image:Antigua_and_barbuda_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Argentina]] || [[Image:Argentina_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Armenia]] || [[Image:Armenia-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Azerbaijan]] || [[Image:Azerbaijan coa.png|120px|]] |- |} ==B== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Bahamas]] || [[Image:Bahamas_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bahrain]] || [[Bahrain coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bangladesh]] || [[Image:Bangladesh_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Barbados]] || [[Image:Barbados_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Belarus]] || [[Image:Belarus_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] || [[Image:Belgium_coat_of_arms_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Belize]] || [[Image:Belize_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bénin]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Benin.png|120px]] |- | [[Bhutan]] || [[Image:Bhutan_emblem.png|120px]] |- | [[Bolivia]] || [[Image:BoliviaArms.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] || [[Image:Bosnia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Botswana]] || [[Image:Bostwanaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Brazil]] || [[Image:Brazil_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Brunei]] || [[Image:Bx-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bulgaria]] || [[Image:Bulgaria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Burkina Faso]] || [[Image:Burkinaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==C== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Cambodia]] || [[Image:Coa cambodia.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Cape Verde]] || [[Image:Capeverdearms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Central African Republic]] || [[Image:Centralaf22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Chile]] || [[Image:Shield_cl.gif|120px]] |- | [[People's Republic of China]] || [[Image:China guohui.png|120px]] |- | [[Colombia]] || [[Image:Colombia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Costa Rica]] || [[Image:CostaRica_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Croatia]] || [[Image:Croatian Coat of Arms.svg|120px]] |- | [[Cuba]] || [[Image:Cuba_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Cyprus]] || [[Image:Cyprus_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Czech Republic]] || [[Image:Czech_coatofarms.jpg|120px]] |} ==D== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Denmark]] || [[Image:The_small_Danish_Coat_of_Arms.jpg|120px]] |- |- | [[Dominica]] || [[Image:Dominica23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Dominican Republic]] || [[Image:Dominican_republic_coa.gif|120px]] |} ==E== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[East Timor]] || [[Image:East_timor_coa.png|120px|East Timor COA]] |- | [[Ekwateli]] || [[Image:Ecuador COA.jpg|120px|Ecuador COA]] |- | [[Ejipti]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Egypt.png|120px|Golden Eagle - Egypt Coat Of Arms]] |- | [[Estonia]] || [[Image:Estonia coat-of-arms.jpg|100px|120px|Estonia COA]] |- |} ==F== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Fiji]] || [[Image:Fij-coa.gif|120px]] |- | [[Finland]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Finland.svg|120px]] |- | [[France]] || [[Image:Armoiries-fr.jpg|120px]] |- |} ==G== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Gabon]] || [[Image:Gabonarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gambia]] || [[Image:Gambiaarms21.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] || [[Image:Georgian_COA.jpg|140px]] |- | [[Ghana]] || [[Image:Ghanaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Greece]] || [[Image:Greece_coa.png|120px|Greece Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Grenada]] || [[Image:Grenadaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Guatemala]] || [[Image:GUAcoat.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Guernsey]] || [[Image:Guernsey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Guernsey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Gine]] || [[Image:Guineaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gine-Bisau]] || [[Image:Coaguinea-bissau.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] || [[Image:Equatorial Guinea coa.png|120px|Equatorial Guinea COA]] |- | [[Guyana]] || [[Image:Guyana_coa.png|120px]] |} ==H== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Haiti]] || [[Image:Haiti_coat_of_arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Holanda]] || [[Image:Arms_netherlands_small.gif|120px|Netherlands Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Honduras]] || [[Image:Honduras_COA.gif|120px|Honduras COA]] |- | [[Hungary]] || [[Image:Hungary coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==I== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Iceland]] || [[Image:ISLcoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[India]] || [[Image:Emblem of India.svg|100px|center]] |- | [[Indonesia]] || [[Image:Indonesiacoatofarms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Iran]] || [[Image:Iran_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Iraq]] || [[Image:Iraq-COA.png|120px]] |- | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] || [[Image:Ireland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Isle of Man]] || [[Image:Isle of Man Arms Small.png|120px|Isle of Man Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Israel]] || [[Image:Israel-coa-medium.png|120px]] |- | [[Italy]] || [[Image:Italian_coa.png|120px|Italian COA]] |} ==J== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Japan]] || [[Image:Japan_coa.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[National and Imperial Seal]]''</small> |- | [[Jersey]] || [[Image:Jersey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Jersey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Jordan]] || [[Image:Coat of Jordan.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Jordan]] |} ==K== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Kamerun]] || [[Image:Cameroon coa.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Kanadá]] || [[Image:Bigcancoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kazakhstan]] || [[image:Embelm_KZ.png|120px]] |- | [[Kiribati]] || [[Image:Kiribaticoa.gif|120px]] |- | [[North Korea]] || [[Image:North_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[South Korea]] || [[Image:South_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Komori]] || [[Image:Comoros_coat_of_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] || [[Image:Congocofarms2.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] || [[Image:Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png|120px]] |- | [[Kotdivuar]] || [[Image:Coa cote d ivory.jpg||120px]] |- | [[Kuwait]] || [[Image:KUW-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kyrgyzstan]] || [[Image:Kyrgyziarms.gif|120px]] |} ==L== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Laos]] || [[Image:Laos_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Latvia]] || [[Image:Latvijas lielais gerbonis.gif|140px]] |- | [[Lebanon]] || [[Image:Lebanon coa.png|120px|Lebanese COA]] |- | [[Lesotho]] || [[Image:Lesotho coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Liberia]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Liberia.png|120px]] |- | [[Libîya]] || [[Image:Libyseal.gif|120px|Libya Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Liechtenstein]] || [[Image:Liechtenstein_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Lithuania]] || [[Image:Lithuanian_vytis.png|120px]] |- | [[Luksambur]] || [[Image:Luxarms.gif|center|120px]] |} ==M== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| (Former Yugoslav) <br> [[Republic of Macedonia]] || [[Image:Grb.gif|120px|Macedonia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Madagascar]] || [[Image:Madagascar_COA.png|120px|Madagasar COA]] |- | [[Malawi]] || [[Image:Malawiarms20.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Malaysia]] || [[Image:Malaysia_Coat_of_Arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Maldives]] || [[Image:Maldives-emblem.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mali]] || [[Image:Maliarms22.PNG]] |- | [[Malta]] || [[Image:Malta_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Marshall Islands]] || [[Image:Marshall_Islands_COA.gif|120px|Marshall Islands COA]] |- | [[Moritani]] || [[Image:maurarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Mauritius]] || [[Image:Mauritius_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mexico]] || [[Image:Mexico_coat_of_arms_(small).png|120px]] |- | [[Federated States of Micronesia]] || [[Image:Micronesie_COA.gif|120px|Micronesia COA]] |- | [[Moldova]] || [[Image:Mda_coa.gif|120px|Moldova Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Monaco]] || [[Image:Monaco_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mongolia]] || [[Image:Suld.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mozambiki]] || [[Image:Mozambique_COA.png|120px|Coat of arms of Mozambique]] |- | [[Myanmar]] || [[Image:Myanmar_COA.gif|120px|Coat of arms of Myanmar]] |} ==N== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Namibia]] || [[Image:Namibia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nauru]] || [[Image:Nauru_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nepal]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Nepal.png|120px|Nepal COA]] |- | [[New Zealand]] || [[Image:New_zealand_coa.png|120px|New Zealand COA]] |- | [[Nicaragua]] || [[Image:Nicaragua-coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Nijer]] || [[Image:Nigerarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Nijéria]] || [[Image:Nigeriaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Norway]] || [[Image:Norway_coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==O== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Omani]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- | [[Ostralía]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- | [[Otrishi]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- |} ==P== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Pakistan]] || [[Image:Pakarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Palau]] ||[http://www.bdarop.com/images/Officials/Executive/execseal.gif] This is the Exectutive<br> Seal, but is close in form<br> to the National Arms. |- | [[Panama]] || [[Image:Escudo_armas_Panama.PNG|120px|Panama COA]] |- | [[Papua New Guinea]] || [[Image:PapuaNewGuinea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Paraguay]] || [[Image:Paraguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Peru]] || [[Image:Coa_Peru.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Philippines]] || [[Image:Philippine_coat-of-arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Poland]] || [[Image:Herb Polski.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Poland]] |- | [[Pulutugal]] || [[Image:Portugal_coa.png|120px]] |} ==Q== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Qatar]] ||[http://www.qatarembassy.net/headerBanner.jpg] Seal is on left. |} ==R== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Romania]] || [[Image:Coa_romania.png|120px]] |- | [[Russia]] || [[Image:Russia_coa.png|120px]] |- |} ==S== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] || [[Image:skitts22.PNG|120px|Saint Kitts and Nevis: Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Saint Lucia]] || [[Image:St_lucia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] || [[Image:Svincent22.PNG|center|75px]] |- | [[San Salvador]] || [[Image:El Salvador coa.gif|120px|El Salvador COA]] |- | [[Samoa]] || [[Image:Westasmarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[San Marino]] || [[Image:Smarino.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] || [[Image:Saoprinarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Saudi Arabia]] || [[Image:Saudi coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Scotland]] || [[Image:Scottish royal coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Sénégal]] || [[Image:Senegal_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Serbia and Montenegro]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.png|120px|Serbia and Montenegro Caot of Arms]] |- | [[Seyshel]] || [[Image:Seychelles_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sierra Leone]] || [[Image:SLECOA.gif|120px|Sierra Leone Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Sidafrika]] || [[Image:Za-coa.gif]] |- | [[Singapore]] || [[Image:Symbol_crest.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovakia]] || [[Image:Slovakia_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovenia]] || [[Image:Slovenia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Solomon Islands]] || [[Image:Solomon_Islands_coat_of_arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Spain]] || [[Image:Spain_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sri Lanka]] || [[Image:Sri_lanka_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sudani]] || [[Image:Sudan_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Suriname]] || [[Image:Suriname_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Swaziland]] || [[Image:Swazicoa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sweden]] || [[Image:Sweden_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Swisi]] || [[Image:Switzerland_CoA.png|120px]] |- | [[Syria]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Syria.png|120px]] |} ==T== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| Taiwan ([[Republic of China]]) || [[Image:Republic_of_China_National_Emblem.png|120px|National Emblem of the Republic of China]] |- | [[Tajikistan]] || [[Image:Coa tajikistan.jpg|120px]] | [[Thailand]] || [[Image:Thailand_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Togo]] || [[Image:Togoarms22.PNG|center|120px]] |- | [[Tonga]] || [[Image:Tongaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Trinidad and Tobago]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms_Trinidad_and_Tobago.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tshad]] || [[Image:Chad_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tunisia]] || [[Image:Armes_tunisie.jpg|120px|Tunisia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Turkey]] || Turkey has no<br> recognized or <br>established<br> national coat<br> of arms |- | [[Turkmenistan]] || [[Image:Turkmenistan coa.jpg|120px|Turkmenistan Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Tuvalu]] || [[Image:Tuvalu-coa.jpg|120px]] |} ==U== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| | [[Ukraine]] || [[Image:Ukraine_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[United Arab Emirates]] || [[Image:NationalArmsofUAE.png|120px]] |- | [[United Kingdom]] || [[image:Coat of arms of the United Kingdom.png|120px]] |- | [[United States]] || [[Image:Great Seal of the US.png|120px|Great Seal of the U.S.]] |- | [[Uruguay]] || [[Image:Uruguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Uzbekistan]] || [[Image:Uzbekistan coa.png|120px|Uzbekistan Coat of Arms]] |} ==V== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Vanuatu]] || [[Image:Vanuatu_coat_of_arms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Vatican City]] || [[Image:Emblem of the Papacy.svg|120px]] |- | [[Venezuela]] || [[Image:Venezuela coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Vietnami]] || [[Image:Viet-coa.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==W== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Western Sahara]] ([[Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic]]) || [[Image:Lambang_sahara_barat.png]] |- |} ==Y== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Yemen]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Yemen.png|120px]] |} ==Z== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Zambia]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms of Zambia.png|120px|center]] |- |} [[Category:Almwali]] [[de:Liste der Nationalwappen]] [[en:Gallery of sovereign state coats of arms]] [[es:Galería de escudos de estados soberanos]] [[fr:Galerie des emblèmes des pays du monde]] [[he:גלריית סמלי מדינות העולם]] [[it:Elenco di stemmi nazionali]] [[ja:国章の一覧]] [[nl:Wapenschilden van de wereld]] [[pl:Godła państw świata]] [[ro:Galerie de steme de state suverane]] [[sk:Galéria štátnych znakov]] [[sr:Списак државних грбова]] [[sv:Lista över riksvapen]] 9148 2006-08-22T11:23:18Z 83.89.43.14 /* D */ fixed an image {{Nationalflags}} __NOTOC__ {{compactTOC2}} ==A== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Afganistani]] || [[Image:COA Afghanistan.png|120px]] |- | [[Albania]] || [[Image:Albania_state_emblem.png|120px|center]] |- | [[Aljeria]] || [[Image:Algeria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Alémani]] || [[Image:Coat of Arms of Germany.svg|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[Bundesadler]]'' (Federal Eagle)</small> |- | [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Morocco.png|120px]] |- | [[Andorra]] || [[Image:Andorra_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Angóla]] || [[Image:Coaofangola.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Antigua and Barbuda]] || [[Image:Antigua_and_barbuda_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Argentina]] || [[Image:Argentina_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Armenia]] || [[Image:Armenia-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Azerbaijan]] || [[Image:Azerbaijan coa.png|120px|]] |- |} ==B== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Bahamas]] || [[Image:Bahamas_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bahrain]] || [[Bahrain coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bangladesh]] || [[Image:Bangladesh_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Barbados]] || [[Image:Barbados_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Belarus]] || [[Image:Belarus_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] || [[Image:Belgium_coat_of_arms_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Belize]] || [[Image:Belize_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bénin]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Benin.png|120px]] |- | [[Bhutan]] || [[Image:Bhutan_emblem.png|120px]] |- | [[Bolivia]] || [[Image:BoliviaArms.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] || [[Image:Bosnia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Botswana]] || [[Image:Bostwanaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Brazil]] || [[Image:Brazil_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Brunei]] || [[Image:Bx-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bulgaria]] || [[Image:Bulgaria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Burkina Faso]] || [[Image:Burkinaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==C== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Cambodia]] || [[Image:Coa cambodia.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Cape Verde]] || [[Image:Capeverdearms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Central African Republic]] || [[Image:Centralaf22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Chile]] || [[Image:Shield_cl.gif|120px]] |- | [[People's Republic of China]] || [[Image:China guohui.png|120px]] |- | [[Colombia]] || [[Image:Colombia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Costa Rica]] || [[Image:CostaRica_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Croatia]] || [[Image:Croatian Coat of Arms.svg|120px]] |- | [[Cuba]] || [[Image:Cuba_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Cyprus]] || [[Image:Cyprus_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Czech Republic]] || [[Image:Czech_coatofarms.jpg|120px]] |} ==D== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Denmark]] || [[Image:Denmark coa.png|120px]] |- |- | [[Dominica]] || [[Image:Dominica23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Dominican Republic]] || [[Image:Dominican_republic_coa.gif|120px]] |} ==E== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[East Timor]] || [[Image:East_timor_coa.png|120px|East Timor COA]] |- | [[Ekwateli]] || [[Image:Ecuador COA.jpg|120px|Ecuador COA]] |- | [[Ejipti]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Egypt.png|120px|Golden Eagle - Egypt Coat Of Arms]] |- | [[Estonia]] || [[Image:Estonia coat-of-arms.jpg|100px|120px|Estonia COA]] |- |} ==F== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Fiji]] || [[Image:Fij-coa.gif|120px]] |- | [[Finland]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Finland.svg|120px]] |- | [[France]] || [[Image:Armoiries-fr.jpg|120px]] |- |} ==G== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Gabon]] || [[Image:Gabonarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gambia]] || [[Image:Gambiaarms21.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] || [[Image:Georgian_COA.jpg|140px]] |- | [[Ghana]] || [[Image:Ghanaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Greece]] || [[Image:Greece_coa.png|120px|Greece Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Grenada]] || [[Image:Grenadaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Guatemala]] || [[Image:GUAcoat.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Guernsey]] || [[Image:Guernsey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Guernsey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Gine]] || [[Image:Guineaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gine-Bisau]] || [[Image:Coaguinea-bissau.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] || [[Image:Equatorial Guinea coa.png|120px|Equatorial Guinea COA]] |- | [[Guyana]] || [[Image:Guyana_coa.png|120px]] |} ==H== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Haiti]] || [[Image:Haiti_coat_of_arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Holanda]] || [[Image:Arms_netherlands_small.gif|120px|Netherlands Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Honduras]] || [[Image:Honduras_COA.gif|120px|Honduras COA]] |- | [[Hungary]] || [[Image:Hungary coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==I== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Iceland]] || [[Image:ISLcoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[India]] || [[Image:Emblem of India.svg|100px|center]] |- | [[Indonesia]] || [[Image:Indonesiacoatofarms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Iran]] || [[Image:Iran_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Iraq]] || [[Image:Iraq-COA.png|120px]] |- | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] || [[Image:Ireland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Isle of Man]] || [[Image:Isle of Man Arms Small.png|120px|Isle of Man Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Israel]] || [[Image:Israel-coa-medium.png|120px]] |- | [[Italy]] || [[Image:Italian_coa.png|120px|Italian COA]] |} ==J== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Japan]] || [[Image:Japan_coa.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[National and Imperial Seal]]''</small> |- | [[Jersey]] || [[Image:Jersey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Jersey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Jordan]] || [[Image:Coat of Jordan.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Jordan]] |} ==K== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Kamerun]] || [[Image:Cameroon coa.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Kanadá]] || [[Image:Bigcancoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kazakhstan]] || [[image:Embelm_KZ.png|120px]] |- | [[Kiribati]] || [[Image:Kiribaticoa.gif|120px]] |- | [[North Korea]] || [[Image:North_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[South Korea]] || [[Image:South_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Komori]] || [[Image:Comoros_coat_of_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] || [[Image:Congocofarms2.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] || [[Image:Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png|120px]] |- | [[Kotdivuar]] || [[Image:Coa cote d ivory.jpg||120px]] |- | [[Kuwait]] || [[Image:KUW-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kyrgyzstan]] || [[Image:Kyrgyziarms.gif|120px]] |} ==L== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Laos]] || [[Image:Laos_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Latvia]] || [[Image:Latvijas lielais gerbonis.gif|140px]] |- | [[Lebanon]] || [[Image:Lebanon coa.png|120px|Lebanese COA]] |- | [[Lesotho]] || [[Image:Lesotho coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Liberia]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Liberia.png|120px]] |- | [[Libîya]] || [[Image:Libyseal.gif|120px|Libya Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Liechtenstein]] || [[Image:Liechtenstein_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Lithuania]] || [[Image:Lithuanian_vytis.png|120px]] |- | [[Luksambur]] || [[Image:Luxarms.gif|center|120px]] |} ==M== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| (Former Yugoslav) <br> [[Republic of Macedonia]] || [[Image:Grb.gif|120px|Macedonia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Madagascar]] || [[Image:Madagascar_COA.png|120px|Madagasar COA]] |- | [[Malawi]] || [[Image:Malawiarms20.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Malaysia]] || [[Image:Malaysia_Coat_of_Arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Maldives]] || [[Image:Maldives-emblem.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mali]] || [[Image:Maliarms22.PNG]] |- | [[Malta]] || [[Image:Malta_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Marshall Islands]] || [[Image:Marshall_Islands_COA.gif|120px|Marshall Islands COA]] |- | [[Moritani]] || [[Image:maurarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Mauritius]] || [[Image:Mauritius_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mexico]] || [[Image:Mexico_coat_of_arms_(small).png|120px]] |- | [[Federated States of Micronesia]] || [[Image:Micronesie_COA.gif|120px|Micronesia COA]] |- | [[Moldova]] || [[Image:Mda_coa.gif|120px|Moldova Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Monaco]] || [[Image:Monaco_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mongolia]] || [[Image:Suld.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mozambiki]] || [[Image:Mozambique_COA.png|120px|Coat of arms of Mozambique]] |- | [[Myanmar]] || [[Image:Myanmar_COA.gif|120px|Coat of arms of Myanmar]] |} ==N== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Namibia]] || [[Image:Namibia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nauru]] || [[Image:Nauru_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nepal]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Nepal.png|120px|Nepal COA]] |- | [[New Zealand]] || [[Image:New_zealand_coa.png|120px|New Zealand COA]] |- | [[Nicaragua]] || [[Image:Nicaragua-coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Nijer]] || [[Image:Nigerarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Nijéria]] || [[Image:Nigeriaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Norway]] || [[Image:Norway_coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==O== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Omani]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- | [[Ostralía]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- | [[Otrishi]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- |} ==P== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Pakistan]] || [[Image:Pakarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Palau]] ||[http://www.bdarop.com/images/Officials/Executive/execseal.gif] This is the Exectutive<br> Seal, but is close in form<br> to the National Arms. |- | [[Panama]] || [[Image:Escudo_armas_Panama.PNG|120px|Panama COA]] |- | [[Papua New Guinea]] || [[Image:PapuaNewGuinea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Paraguay]] || [[Image:Paraguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Peru]] || [[Image:Coa_Peru.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Philippines]] || [[Image:Philippine_coat-of-arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Poland]] || [[Image:Herb Polski.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Poland]] |- | [[Pulutugal]] || [[Image:Portugal_coa.png|120px]] |} ==Q== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Qatar]] ||[http://www.qatarembassy.net/headerBanner.jpg] Seal is on left. |} ==R== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Romania]] || [[Image:Coa_romania.png|120px]] |- | [[Russia]] || [[Image:Russia_coa.png|120px]] |- |} ==S== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] || [[Image:skitts22.PNG|120px|Saint Kitts and Nevis: Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Saint Lucia]] || [[Image:St_lucia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] || [[Image:Svincent22.PNG|center|75px]] |- | [[San Salvador]] || [[Image:El Salvador coa.gif|120px|El Salvador COA]] |- | [[Samoa]] || [[Image:Westasmarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[San Marino]] || [[Image:Smarino.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] || [[Image:Saoprinarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Saudi Arabia]] || [[Image:Saudi coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Scotland]] || [[Image:Scottish royal coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Sénégal]] || [[Image:Senegal_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Serbia and Montenegro]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.png|120px|Serbia and Montenegro Caot of Arms]] |- | [[Seyshel]] || [[Image:Seychelles_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sierra Leone]] || [[Image:SLECOA.gif|120px|Sierra Leone Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Sidafrika]] || [[Image:Za-coa.gif]] |- | [[Singapore]] || [[Image:Symbol_crest.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovakia]] || [[Image:Slovakia_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovenia]] || [[Image:Slovenia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Solomon Islands]] || [[Image:Solomon_Islands_coat_of_arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Spain]] || [[Image:Spain_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sri Lanka]] || [[Image:Sri_lanka_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sudani]] || [[Image:Sudan_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Suriname]] || [[Image:Suriname_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Swaziland]] || [[Image:Swazicoa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sweden]] || [[Image:Sweden_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Swisi]] || [[Image:Switzerland_CoA.png|120px]] |- | [[Syria]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Syria.png|120px]] |} ==T== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| Taiwan ([[Republic of China]]) || [[Image:Republic_of_China_National_Emblem.png|120px|National Emblem of the Republic of China]] |- | [[Tajikistan]] || [[Image:Coa tajikistan.jpg|120px]] | [[Thailand]] || [[Image:Thailand_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Togo]] || [[Image:Togoarms22.PNG|center|120px]] |- | [[Tonga]] || [[Image:Tongaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Trinidad and Tobago]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms_Trinidad_and_Tobago.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tshad]] || [[Image:Chad_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tunisia]] || [[Image:Armes_tunisie.jpg|120px|Tunisia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Turkey]] || Turkey has no<br> recognized or <br>established<br> national coat<br> of arms |- | [[Turkmenistan]] || [[Image:Turkmenistan coa.jpg|120px|Turkmenistan Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Tuvalu]] || [[Image:Tuvalu-coa.jpg|120px]] |} ==U== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| | [[Ukraine]] || [[Image:Ukraine_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[United Arab Emirates]] || [[Image:NationalArmsofUAE.png|120px]] |- | [[United Kingdom]] || [[image:Coat of arms of the United Kingdom.png|120px]] |- | [[United States]] || [[Image:Great Seal of the US.png|120px|Great Seal of the U.S.]] |- | [[Uruguay]] || [[Image:Uruguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Uzbekistan]] || [[Image:Uzbekistan coa.png|120px|Uzbekistan Coat of Arms]] |} ==V== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Vanuatu]] || [[Image:Vanuatu_coat_of_arms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Vatican City]] || [[Image:Emblem of the Papacy.svg|120px]] |- | [[Venezuela]] || [[Image:Venezuela coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Vietnami]] || [[Image:Viet-coa.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==W== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Western Sahara]] ([[Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic]]) || [[Image:Lambang_sahara_barat.png]] |- |} ==Y== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Yemen]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Yemen.png|120px]] |} ==Z== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Zambia]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms of Zambia.png|120px|center]] |- |} [[Category:Almwali]] [[de:Liste der Nationalwappen]] [[en:Gallery of sovereign state coats of arms]] [[es:Galería de escudos de estados soberanos]] [[fr:Galerie des emblèmes des pays du monde]] [[he:גלריית סמלי מדינות העולם]] [[it:Elenco di stemmi nazionali]] [[ja:国章の一覧]] [[nl:Wapenschilden van de wereld]] [[pl:Godła państw świata]] [[ro:Galerie de steme de state suverane]] [[sk:Galéria štátnych znakov]] [[sr:Списак државних грбова]] [[sv:Lista över riksvapen]] 9369 2006-09-18T17:40:27Z 190.40.125.239 /* P */ {{Nationalflags}} __NOTOC__ {{compactTOC2}} ==A== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Afganistani]] || [[Image:COA Afghanistan.png|120px]] |- | [[Albania]] || [[Image:Albania_state_emblem.png|120px|center]] |- | [[Aljeria]] || [[Image:Algeria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Alémani]] || [[Image:Coat of Arms of Germany.svg|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[Bundesadler]]'' (Federal Eagle)</small> |- | [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Morocco.png|120px]] |- | [[Andorra]] || [[Image:Andorra_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Angóla]] || [[Image:Coaofangola.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Antigua and Barbuda]] || [[Image:Antigua_and_barbuda_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Argentina]] || [[Image:Argentina_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Armenia]] || [[Image:Armenia-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Azerbaijan]] || [[Image:Azerbaijan coa.png|120px|]] |- |} ==B== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Bahamas]] || [[Image:Bahamas_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bahrain]] || [[Bahrain coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bangladesh]] || [[Image:Bangladesh_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Barbados]] || [[Image:Barbados_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Belarus]] || [[Image:Belarus_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] || [[Image:Belgium_coat_of_arms_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Belize]] || [[Image:Belize_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bénin]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Benin.png|120px]] |- | [[Bhutan]] || [[Image:Bhutan_emblem.png|120px]] |- | [[Bolivia]] || [[Image:BoliviaArms.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] || [[Image:Bosnia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Botswana]] || [[Image:Bostwanaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Brazil]] || [[Image:Brazil_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Brunei]] || [[Image:Bx-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bulgaria]] || [[Image:Bulgaria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Burkina Faso]] || [[Image:Burkinaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==C== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Cambodia]] || [[Image:Coa cambodia.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Cape Verde]] || [[Image:Capeverdearms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Central African Republic]] || [[Image:Centralaf22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Chile]] || [[Image:Shield_cl.gif|120px]] |- | [[People's Republic of China]] || [[Image:China guohui.png|120px]] |- | [[Colombia]] || [[Image:Colombia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Costa Rica]] || [[Image:CostaRica_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Croatia]] || [[Image:Croatian Coat of Arms.svg|120px]] |- | [[Cuba]] || [[Image:Cuba_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Cyprus]] || [[Image:Cyprus_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Czech Republic]] || [[Image:Czech_coatofarms.jpg|120px]] |} ==D== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Denmark]] || [[Image:Denmark coa.png|120px]] |- |- | [[Dominica]] || [[Image:Dominica23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Dominican Republic]] || [[Image:Dominican_republic_coa.gif|120px]] |} ==E== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[East Timor]] || [[Image:East_timor_coa.png|120px|East Timor COA]] |- | [[Ekwateli]] || [[Image:Ecuador COA.jpg|120px|Ecuador COA]] |- | [[Ejipti]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Egypt.png|120px|Golden Eagle - Egypt Coat Of Arms]] |- | [[Estonia]] || [[Image:Estonia coat-of-arms.jpg|100px|120px|Estonia COA]] |- |} ==F== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Fiji]] || [[Image:Fij-coa.gif|120px]] |- | [[Finland]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Finland.svg|120px]] |- | [[France]] || [[Image:Armoiries-fr.jpg|120px]] |- |} ==G== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Gabon]] || [[Image:Gabonarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gambia]] || [[Image:Gambiaarms21.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] || [[Image:Georgian_COA.jpg|140px]] |- | [[Ghana]] || [[Image:Ghanaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Greece]] || [[Image:Greece_coa.png|120px|Greece Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Grenada]] || [[Image:Grenadaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Guatemala]] || [[Image:GUAcoat.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Guernsey]] || [[Image:Guernsey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Guernsey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Gine]] || [[Image:Guineaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gine-Bisau]] || [[Image:Coaguinea-bissau.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] || [[Image:Equatorial Guinea coa.png|120px|Equatorial Guinea COA]] |- | [[Guyana]] || [[Image:Guyana_coa.png|120px]] |} ==H== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Haiti]] || [[Image:Haiti_coat_of_arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Holanda]] || [[Image:Arms_netherlands_small.gif|120px|Netherlands Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Honduras]] || [[Image:Honduras_COA.gif|120px|Honduras COA]] |- | [[Hungary]] || [[Image:Hungary coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==I== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Iceland]] || [[Image:ISLcoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[India]] || [[Image:Emblem of India.svg|100px|center]] |- | [[Indonesia]] || [[Image:Indonesiacoatofarms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Iran]] || [[Image:Iran_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Iraq]] || [[Image:Iraq-COA.png|120px]] |- | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] || [[Image:Ireland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Isle of Man]] || [[Image:Isle of Man Arms Small.png|120px|Isle of Man Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Israel]] || [[Image:Israel-coa-medium.png|120px]] |- | [[Italy]] || [[Image:Italian_coa.png|120px|Italian COA]] |} ==J== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Japan]] || [[Image:Japan_coa.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[National and Imperial Seal]]''</small> |- | [[Jersey]] || [[Image:Jersey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Jersey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Jordan]] || [[Image:Coat of Jordan.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Jordan]] |} ==K== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Kamerun]] || [[Image:Cameroon coa.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Kanadá]] || [[Image:Bigcancoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kazakhstan]] || [[image:Embelm_KZ.png|120px]] |- | [[Kiribati]] || [[Image:Kiribaticoa.gif|120px]] |- | [[North Korea]] || [[Image:North_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[South Korea]] || [[Image:South_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Komori]] || [[Image:Comoros_coat_of_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] || [[Image:Congocofarms2.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] || [[Image:Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png|120px]] |- | [[Kotdivuar]] || [[Image:Coa cote d ivory.jpg||120px]] |- | [[Kuwait]] || [[Image:KUW-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kyrgyzstan]] || [[Image:Kyrgyziarms.gif|120px]] |} ==L== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Laos]] || [[Image:Laos_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Latvia]] || [[Image:Latvijas lielais gerbonis.gif|140px]] |- | [[Lebanon]] || [[Image:Lebanon coa.png|120px|Lebanese COA]] |- | [[Lesotho]] || [[Image:Lesotho coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Liberia]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Liberia.png|120px]] |- | [[Libîya]] || [[Image:Libyseal.gif|120px|Libya Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Liechtenstein]] || [[Image:Liechtenstein_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Lithuania]] || [[Image:Lithuanian_vytis.png|120px]] |- | [[Luksambur]] || [[Image:Luxarms.gif|center|120px]] |} ==M== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| (Former Yugoslav) <br> [[Republic of Macedonia]] || [[Image:Grb.gif|120px|Macedonia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Madagascar]] || [[Image:Madagascar_COA.png|120px|Madagasar COA]] |- | [[Malawi]] || [[Image:Malawiarms20.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Malaysia]] || [[Image:Malaysia_Coat_of_Arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Maldives]] || [[Image:Maldives-emblem.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mali]] || [[Image:Maliarms22.PNG]] |- | [[Malta]] || [[Image:Malta_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Marshall Islands]] || [[Image:Marshall_Islands_COA.gif|120px|Marshall Islands COA]] |- | [[Moritani]] || [[Image:maurarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Mauritius]] || [[Image:Mauritius_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mexico]] || [[Image:Mexico_coat_of_arms_(small).png|120px]] |- | [[Federated States of Micronesia]] || [[Image:Micronesie_COA.gif|120px|Micronesia COA]] |- | [[Moldova]] || [[Image:Mda_coa.gif|120px|Moldova Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Monaco]] || [[Image:Monaco_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mongolia]] || [[Image:Suld.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mozambiki]] || [[Image:Mozambique_COA.png|120px|Coat of arms of Mozambique]] |- | [[Myanmar]] || [[Image:Myanmar_COA.gif|120px|Coat of arms of Myanmar]] |} ==N== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Namibia]] || [[Image:Namibia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nauru]] || [[Image:Nauru_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nepal]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Nepal.png|120px|Nepal COA]] |- | [[New Zealand]] || [[Image:New_zealand_coa.png|120px|New Zealand COA]] |- | [[Nicaragua]] || [[Image:Nicaragua-coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Nijer]] || [[Image:Nigerarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Nijéria]] || [[Image:Nigeriaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Norway]] || [[Image:Norway_coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==O== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Omani]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- | [[Ostralía]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- | [[Otrishi]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- |} ==P== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Pakistan]] || [[Image:Pakarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Palau]] || |- | [[Panama]] || [[Image:Escudo_armas_Panama.PNG|120px|Panama COA]] |- | [[Papua New Guinea]] || [[Image:PapuaNewGuinea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Paraguay]] || [[Image:Paraguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Peru]] || [[Image:escudo nacional del Perú.svg|120px]] |- | [[Philippines]] || [[Image:Philippine_coat-of-arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Poland]] || [[Image:Herb Polski.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Poland]] |- | [[Pulutugal]] || [[Image:Portugal_coa.png|120px]] |} ==Q== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Qatar]] ||[http://www.qatarembassy.net/headerBanner.jpg] Seal is on left. |} ==R== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Romania]] || [[Image:Coa_romania.png|120px]] |- | [[Russia]] || [[Image:Russia_coa.png|120px]] |- |} ==S== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] || [[Image:skitts22.PNG|120px|Saint Kitts and Nevis: Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Saint Lucia]] || [[Image:St_lucia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] || [[Image:Svincent22.PNG|center|75px]] |- | [[San Salvador]] || [[Image:El Salvador coa.gif|120px|El Salvador COA]] |- | [[Samoa]] || [[Image:Westasmarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[San Marino]] || [[Image:Smarino.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] || [[Image:Saoprinarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Saudi Arabia]] || [[Image:Saudi coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Scotland]] || [[Image:Scottish royal coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Sénégal]] || [[Image:Senegal_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Serbia and Montenegro]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.png|120px|Serbia and Montenegro Caot of Arms]] |- | [[Seyshel]] || [[Image:Seychelles_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sierra Leone]] || [[Image:SLECOA.gif|120px|Sierra Leone Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Sidafrika]] || [[Image:Za-coa.gif]] |- | [[Singapore]] || [[Image:Symbol_crest.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovakia]] || [[Image:Slovakia_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovenia]] || [[Image:Slovenia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Solomon Islands]] || [[Image:Solomon_Islands_coat_of_arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Spain]] || [[Image:Spain_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sri Lanka]] || [[Image:Sri_lanka_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sudani]] || [[Image:Sudan_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Suriname]] || [[Image:Suriname_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Swaziland]] || [[Image:Swazicoa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sweden]] || [[Image:Sweden_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Swisi]] || [[Image:Switzerland_CoA.png|120px]] |- | [[Syria]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Syria.png|120px]] |} ==T== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| Taiwan ([[Republic of China]]) || [[Image:Republic_of_China_National_Emblem.png|120px|National Emblem of the Republic of China]] |- | [[Tajikistan]] || [[Image:Coa tajikistan.jpg|120px]] | [[Thailand]] || [[Image:Thailand_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Togo]] || [[Image:Togoarms22.PNG|center|120px]] |- | [[Tonga]] || [[Image:Tongaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Trinidad and Tobago]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms_Trinidad_and_Tobago.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tshad]] || [[Image:Chad_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tunisia]] || [[Image:Armes_tunisie.jpg|120px|Tunisia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Turkey]] || Turkey has no<br> recognized or <br>established<br> national coat<br> of arms |- | [[Turkmenistan]] || [[Image:Turkmenistan coa.jpg|120px|Turkmenistan Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Tuvalu]] || [[Image:Tuvalu-coa.jpg|120px]] |} ==U== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| | [[Ukraine]] || [[Image:Ukraine_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[United Arab Emirates]] || [[Image:NationalArmsofUAE.png|120px]] |- | [[United Kingdom]] || [[image:Coat of arms of the United Kingdom.png|120px]] |- | [[United States]] || [[Image:Great Seal of the US.png|120px|Great Seal of the U.S.]] |- | [[Uruguay]] || [[Image:Uruguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Uzbekistan]] || [[Image:Uzbekistan coa.png|120px|Uzbekistan Coat of Arms]] |} ==V== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Vanuatu]] || [[Image:Vanuatu_coat_of_arms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Vatican City]] || [[Image:Emblem of the Papacy.svg|120px]] |- | [[Venezuela]] || [[Image:Venezuela coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Vietnami]] || [[Image:Viet-coa.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==W== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Western Sahara]] ([[Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic]]) || [[Image:Lambang_sahara_barat.png]] |- |} ==Y== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Yemen]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Yemen.png|120px]] |} ==Z== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Zambia]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms of Zambia.png|120px|center]] |- |} [[Category:Almwali]] [[de:Liste der Nationalwappen]] [[en:Gallery of sovereign state coats of arms]] [[es:Galería de escudos de estados soberanos]] [[fr:Galerie des emblèmes des pays du monde]] [[he:גלריית סמלי מדינות העולם]] [[it:Elenco di stemmi nazionali]] [[ja:国章の一覧]] [[nl:Wapenschilden van de wereld]] [[pl:Godła państw świata]] [[ro:Galerie de steme de state suverane]] [[sk:Galéria štátnych znakov]] [[sr:Списак државних грбова]] [[sv:Lista över riksvapen]] 9374 2006-09-23T20:52:56Z 87.162.104.60 /* C */ {{Nationalflags}} __NOTOC__ {{compactTOC2}} ==A== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Afganistani]] || [[Image:COA Afghanistan.png|120px]] |- | [[Albania]] || [[Image:Albania_state_emblem.png|120px|center]] |- | [[Aljeria]] || [[Image:Algeria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Alémani]] || [[Image:Coat of Arms of Germany.svg|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[Bundesadler]]'' (Federal Eagle)</small> |- | [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Morocco.png|120px]] |- | [[Andorra]] || [[Image:Andorra_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Angóla]] || [[Image:Coaofangola.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Antigua and Barbuda]] || [[Image:Antigua_and_barbuda_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Argentina]] || [[Image:Argentina_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Armenia]] || [[Image:Armenia-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Azerbaijan]] || [[Image:Azerbaijan coa.png|120px|]] |- |} ==B== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Bahamas]] || [[Image:Bahamas_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bahrain]] || [[Bahrain coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bangladesh]] || [[Image:Bangladesh_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Barbados]] || [[Image:Barbados_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Belarus]] || [[Image:Belarus_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] || [[Image:Belgium_coat_of_arms_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Belize]] || [[Image:Belize_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bénin]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Benin.png|120px]] |- | [[Bhutan]] || [[Image:Bhutan_emblem.png|120px]] |- | [[Bolivia]] || [[Image:BoliviaArms.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] || [[Image:Bosnia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Botswana]] || [[Image:Bostwanaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Brazil]] || [[Image:Brazil_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Brunei]] || [[Image:Bx-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bulgaria]] || [[Image:Bulgaria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Burkina Faso]] || [[Image:Burkinaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==C== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Cambodia]] || [[Image:Coa cambodia.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Cape Verde]] || [[Image:Capeverdearms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Central African Republic]] || [[Image:Centralaf22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Chile]] || [[Image:Shield_cl.gif|120px]] |- | [[People's Republic of China]] || [[Image:China guohui.png|120px]] |- | [[Colombia]] || [[Image:Colombia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Costa Rica]] || [[Image:CostaRica_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Croatia]] || [[Image:Croatian Coat of Arms.svg|120px]] |- | [[Cuba]] || [[Image:Cuba_coa.gif|120px]] |- | [[Cyprus]] || [[Image:Cyprus_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Czech Republic]] || [[Image:Czech_coatofarms.jpg|120px]] |} ==D== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Denmark]] || [[Image:Denmark coa.png|120px]] |- |- | [[Dominica]] || [[Image:Dominica23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Dominican Republic]] || [[Image:Dominican_republic_coa.gif|120px]] |} ==E== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[East Timor]] || [[Image:East_timor_coa.png|120px|East Timor COA]] |- | [[Ekwateli]] || [[Image:Ecuador COA.jpg|120px|Ecuador COA]] |- | [[Ejipti]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Egypt.png|120px|Golden Eagle - Egypt Coat Of Arms]] |- | [[Estonia]] || [[Image:Estonia coat-of-arms.jpg|100px|120px|Estonia COA]] |- |} ==F== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Fiji]] || [[Image:Fij-coa.gif|120px]] |- | [[Finland]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Finland.svg|120px]] |- | [[France]] || [[Image:Armoiries-fr.jpg|120px]] |- |} ==G== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Gabon]] || [[Image:Gabonarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gambia]] || [[Image:Gambiaarms21.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] || [[Image:Georgian_COA.jpg|140px]] |- | [[Ghana]] || [[Image:Ghanaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Greece]] || [[Image:Greece_coa.png|120px|Greece Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Grenada]] || [[Image:Grenadaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Guatemala]] || [[Image:GUAcoat.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Guernsey]] || [[Image:Guernsey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Guernsey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Gine]] || [[Image:Guineaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gine-Bisau]] || [[Image:Coaguinea-bissau.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] || [[Image:Equatorial Guinea coa.png|120px|Equatorial Guinea COA]] |- | [[Guyana]] || [[Image:Guyana_coa.png|120px]] |} ==H== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Haiti]] || [[Image:Haiti_coat_of_arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Holanda]] || [[Image:Arms_netherlands_small.gif|120px|Netherlands Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Honduras]] || [[Image:Honduras_COA.gif|120px|Honduras COA]] |- | [[Hungary]] || [[Image:Hungary coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==I== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Iceland]] || [[Image:ISLcoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[India]] || [[Image:Emblem of India.svg|100px|center]] |- | [[Indonesia]] || [[Image:Indonesiacoatofarms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Iran]] || [[Image:Iran_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Iraq]] || [[Image:Iraq-COA.png|120px]] |- | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] || [[Image:Ireland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Isle of Man]] || [[Image:Isle of Man Arms Small.png|120px|Isle of Man Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Israel]] || [[Image:Israel-coa-medium.png|120px]] |- | [[Italy]] || [[Image:Italian_coa.png|120px|Italian COA]] |} ==J== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Japan]] || [[Image:Japan_coa.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[National and Imperial Seal]]''</small> |- | [[Jersey]] || [[Image:Jersey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Jersey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Jordan]] || [[Image:Coat of Jordan.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Jordan]] |} ==K== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Kamerun]] || [[Image:Cameroon coa.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Kanadá]] || [[Image:Bigcancoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kazakhstan]] || [[image:Embelm_KZ.png|120px]] |- | [[Kiribati]] || [[Image:Kiribaticoa.gif|120px]] |- | [[North Korea]] || [[Image:North_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[South Korea]] || [[Image:South_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Komori]] || [[Image:Comoros_coat_of_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] || [[Image:Congocofarms2.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] || [[Image:Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png|120px]] |- | [[Kotdivuar]] || [[Image:Coa cote d ivory.jpg||120px]] |- | [[Kuwait]] || [[Image:KUW-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kyrgyzstan]] || [[Image:Kyrgyziarms.gif|120px]] |} ==L== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Laos]] || [[Image:Laos_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Latvia]] || [[Image:Latvijas lielais gerbonis.gif|140px]] |- | [[Lebanon]] || [[Image:Lebanon coa.png|120px|Lebanese COA]] |- | [[Lesotho]] || [[Image:Lesotho coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Liberia]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Liberia.png|120px]] |- | [[Libîya]] || [[Image:Libyseal.gif|120px|Libya Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Liechtenstein]] || [[Image:Liechtenstein_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Lithuania]] || [[Image:Lithuanian_vytis.png|120px]] |- | [[Luksambur]] || [[Image:Luxarms.gif|center|120px]] |} ==M== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| (Former Yugoslav) <br> [[Republic of Macedonia]] || [[Image:Grb.gif|120px|Macedonia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Madagascar]] || [[Image:Madagascar_COA.png|120px|Madagasar COA]] |- | [[Malawi]] || [[Image:Malawiarms20.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Malaysia]] || [[Image:Malaysia_Coat_of_Arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Maldives]] || [[Image:Maldives-emblem.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mali]] || [[Image:Maliarms22.PNG]] |- | [[Malta]] || [[Image:Malta_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Marshall Islands]] || [[Image:Marshall_Islands_COA.gif|120px|Marshall Islands COA]] |- | [[Moritani]] || [[Image:maurarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Mauritius]] || [[Image:Mauritius_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mexico]] || [[Image:Mexico_coat_of_arms_(small).png|120px]] |- | [[Federated States of Micronesia]] || [[Image:Micronesie_COA.gif|120px|Micronesia COA]] |- | [[Moldova]] || [[Image:Mda_coa.gif|120px|Moldova Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Monaco]] || [[Image:Monaco_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mongolia]] || [[Image:Suld.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mozambiki]] || [[Image:Mozambique_COA.png|120px|Coat of arms of Mozambique]] |- | [[Myanmar]] || [[Image:Myanmar_COA.gif|120px|Coat of arms of Myanmar]] |} ==N== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Namibia]] || [[Image:Namibia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nauru]] || [[Image:Nauru_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nepal]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Nepal.png|120px|Nepal COA]] |- | [[New Zealand]] || [[Image:New_zealand_coa.png|120px|New Zealand COA]] |- | [[Nicaragua]] || [[Image:Nicaragua-coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Nijer]] || [[Image:Nigerarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Nijéria]] || [[Image:Nigeriaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Norway]] || [[Image:Norway_coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==O== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Omani]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- | [[Ostralía]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- | [[Otrishi]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- |} ==P== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Pakistan]] || [[Image:Pakarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Palau]] || |- | [[Panama]] || [[Image:Escudo_armas_Panama.PNG|120px|Panama COA]] |- | [[Papua New Guinea]] || [[Image:PapuaNewGuinea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Paraguay]] || [[Image:Paraguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Peru]] || [[Image:escudo nacional del Perú.svg|120px]] |- | [[Philippines]] || [[Image:Philippine_coat-of-arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Poland]] || [[Image:Herb Polski.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Poland]] |- | [[Pulutugal]] || [[Image:Portugal_coa.png|120px]] |} ==Q== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Qatar]] ||[http://www.qatarembassy.net/headerBanner.jpg] Seal is on left. |} ==R== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Romania]] || [[Image:Coa_romania.png|120px]] |- | [[Russia]] || [[Image:Russia_coa.png|120px]] |- |} ==S== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] || [[Image:skitts22.PNG|120px|Saint Kitts and Nevis: Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Saint Lucia]] || [[Image:St_lucia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] || [[Image:Svincent22.PNG|center|75px]] |- | [[San Salvador]] || [[Image:El Salvador coa.gif|120px|El Salvador COA]] |- | [[Samoa]] || [[Image:Westasmarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[San Marino]] || [[Image:Smarino.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] || [[Image:Saoprinarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Saudi Arabia]] || [[Image:Saudi coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Scotland]] || [[Image:Scottish royal coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Sénégal]] || [[Image:Senegal_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Serbia and Montenegro]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.png|120px|Serbia and Montenegro Caot of Arms]] |- | [[Seyshel]] || [[Image:Seychelles_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sierra Leone]] || [[Image:SLECOA.gif|120px|Sierra Leone Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Sidafrika]] || [[Image:Za-coa.gif]] |- | [[Singapore]] || [[Image:Symbol_crest.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovakia]] || [[Image:Slovakia_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovenia]] || [[Image:Slovenia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Solomon Islands]] || [[Image:Solomon_Islands_coat_of_arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Spain]] || [[Image:Spain_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sri Lanka]] || [[Image:Sri_lanka_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sudani]] || [[Image:Sudan_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Suriname]] || [[Image:Suriname_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Swaziland]] || [[Image:Swazicoa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sweden]] || [[Image:Sweden_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Swisi]] || [[Image:Switzerland_CoA.png|120px]] |- | [[Syria]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Syria.png|120px]] |} ==T== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| Taiwan ([[Republic of China]]) || [[Image:Republic_of_China_National_Emblem.png|120px|National Emblem of the Republic of China]] |- | [[Tajikistan]] || [[Image:Coa tajikistan.jpg|120px]] | [[Thailand]] || [[Image:Thailand_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Togo]] || [[Image:Togoarms22.PNG|center|120px]] |- | [[Tonga]] || [[Image:Tongaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Trinidad and Tobago]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms_Trinidad_and_Tobago.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tshad]] || [[Image:Chad_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tunisia]] || [[Image:Armes_tunisie.jpg|120px|Tunisia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Turkey]] || Turkey has no<br> recognized or <br>established<br> national coat<br> of arms |- | [[Turkmenistan]] || [[Image:Turkmenistan coa.jpg|120px|Turkmenistan Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Tuvalu]] || [[Image:Tuvalu-coa.jpg|120px]] |} ==U== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| | [[Ukraine]] || [[Image:Ukraine_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[United Arab Emirates]] || [[Image:NationalArmsofUAE.png|120px]] |- | [[United Kingdom]] || [[image:Coat of arms of the United Kingdom.png|120px]] |- | [[United States]] || [[Image:Great Seal of the US.png|120px|Great Seal of the U.S.]] |- | [[Uruguay]] || [[Image:Uruguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Uzbekistan]] || [[Image:Uzbekistan coa.png|120px|Uzbekistan Coat of Arms]] |} ==V== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Vanuatu]] || [[Image:Vanuatu_coat_of_arms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Vatican City]] || [[Image:Emblem of the Papacy.svg|120px]] |- | [[Venezuela]] || [[Image:Venezuela coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Vietnami]] || [[Image:Viet-coa.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==W== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Western Sahara]] ([[Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic]]) || [[Image:Lambang_sahara_barat.png]] |- |} ==Y== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Yemen]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Yemen.png|120px]] |} ==Z== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Zambia]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms of Zambia.png|120px|center]] |- |} [[Category:Almwali]] [[de:Liste der Nationalwappen]] [[en:Gallery of sovereign state coats of arms]] [[es:Galería de escudos de estados soberanos]] [[fr:Galerie des emblèmes des pays du monde]] [[he:גלריית סמלי מדינות העולם]] [[it:Elenco di stemmi nazionali]] [[ja:国章の一覧]] [[nl:Wapenschilden van de wereld]] [[pl:Godła państw świata]] [[ro:Galerie de steme de state suverane]] [[sk:Galéria štátnych znakov]] [[sr:Списак државних грбова]] [[sv:Lista över riksvapen]] 9427 2006-10-08T06:59:24Z 62.65.125.186 /* S */ Senegal {{Nationalflags}} __NOTOC__ {{compactTOC2}} ==A== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Afganistani]] || [[Image:COA Afghanistan.png|120px]] |- | [[Albania]] || [[Image:Albania_state_emblem.png|120px|center]] |- | [[Aljeria]] || [[Image:Algeria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Alémani]] || [[Image:Coat of Arms of Germany.svg|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[Bundesadler]]'' (Federal Eagle)</small> |- | [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Morocco.png|120px]] |- | [[Andorra]] || [[Image:Andorra_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Angóla]] || [[Image:Coaofangola.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Antigua and Barbuda]] || [[Image:Antigua_and_barbuda_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Argentina]] || [[Image:Argentina_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Armenia]] || [[Image:Armenia-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Azerbaijan]] || [[Image:Azerbaijan coa.png|120px|]] |- |} ==B== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Bahamas]] || [[Image:Bahamas_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bahrain]] || [[Bahrain coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bangladesh]] || [[Image:Bangladesh_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Barbados]] || [[Image:Barbados_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Belarus]] || [[Image:Belarus_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] || [[Image:Belgium_coat_of_arms_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Belize]] || [[Image:Belize_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bénin]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Benin.png|120px]] |- | [[Bhutan]] || [[Image:Bhutan_emblem.png|120px]] |- | [[Bolivia]] || [[Image:BoliviaArms.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] || [[Image:Bosnia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Botswana]] || [[Image:Bostwanaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Brazil]] || [[Image:Brazil_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Brunei]] || [[Image:Bx-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bulgaria]] || [[Image:Bulgaria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Burkina Faso]] || [[Image:Burkinaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==C== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Cambodia]] || [[Image:Coa cambodia.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Cape Verde]] || [[Image:Capeverdearms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Central African Republic]] || [[Image:Centralaf22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Chile]] || [[Image:Shield_cl.gif|120px]] |- | [[People's Republic of China]] || [[Image:China guohui.png|120px]] |- | [[Colombia]] || [[Image:Colombia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Costa Rica]] || [[Image:CostaRica_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Croatia]] || [[Image:Croatian Coat of Arms.svg|120px]] |- | [[Cuba]] || [[Image:Cuba_coa.gif|120px]] |- | [[Cyprus]] || [[Image:Cyprus_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Czech Republic]] || [[Image:Czech_coatofarms.jpg|120px]] |} ==D== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Denmark]] || [[Image:Denmark coa.png|120px]] |- |- | [[Dominica]] || [[Image:Dominica23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Dominican Republic]] || [[Image:Dominican_republic_coa.gif|120px]] |} ==E== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[East Timor]] || [[Image:East_timor_coa.png|120px|East Timor COA]] |- | [[Ekwateli]] || [[Image:Ecuador COA.jpg|120px|Ecuador COA]] |- | [[Ejipti]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Egypt.png|120px|Golden Eagle - Egypt Coat Of Arms]] |- | [[Estonia]] || [[Image:Estonia coat-of-arms.jpg|100px|120px|Estonia COA]] |- |} ==F== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Fiji]] || [[Image:Fij-coa.gif|120px]] |- | [[Finland]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Finland.svg|120px]] |- | [[France]] || [[Image:Armoiries-fr.jpg|120px]] |- |} ==G== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Gabon]] || [[Image:Gabonarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gambia]] || [[Image:Gambiaarms21.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] || [[Image:Georgian_COA.jpg|140px]] |- | [[Ghana]] || [[Image:Ghanaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Greece]] || [[Image:Greece_coa.png|120px|Greece Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Grenada]] || [[Image:Grenadaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Guatemala]] || [[Image:GUAcoat.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Guernsey]] || [[Image:Guernsey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Guernsey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Gine]] || [[Image:Guineaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gine-Bisau]] || [[Image:Coaguinea-bissau.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] || [[Image:Equatorial Guinea coa.png|120px|Equatorial Guinea COA]] |- | [[Guyana]] || [[Image:Guyana_coa.png|120px]] |} ==H== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Haiti]] || [[Image:Haiti_coat_of_arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Holanda]] || [[Image:Arms_netherlands_small.gif|120px|Netherlands Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Honduras]] || [[Image:Honduras_COA.gif|120px|Honduras COA]] |- | [[Hungary]] || [[Image:Hungary coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==I== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Iceland]] || [[Image:ISLcoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[India]] || [[Image:Emblem of India.svg|100px|center]] |- | [[Indonesia]] || [[Image:Indonesiacoatofarms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Iran]] || [[Image:Iran_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Iraq]] || [[Image:Iraq-COA.png|120px]] |- | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] || [[Image:Ireland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Isle of Man]] || [[Image:Isle of Man Arms Small.png|120px|Isle of Man Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Israel]] || [[Image:Israel-coa-medium.png|120px]] |- | [[Italy]] || [[Image:Italian_coa.png|120px|Italian COA]] |} ==J== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Japan]] || [[Image:Japan_coa.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[National and Imperial Seal]]''</small> |- | [[Jersey]] || [[Image:Jersey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Jersey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Jordan]] || [[Image:Coat of Jordan.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Jordan]] |} ==K== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Kamerun]] || [[Image:Cameroon coa.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Kanadá]] || [[Image:Bigcancoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kazakhstan]] || [[image:Embelm_KZ.png|120px]] |- | [[Kiribati]] || [[Image:Kiribaticoa.gif|120px]] |- | [[North Korea]] || [[Image:North_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[South Korea]] || [[Image:South_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Komori]] || [[Image:Comoros_coat_of_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] || [[Image:Congocofarms2.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] || [[Image:Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png|120px]] |- | [[Kotdivuar]] || [[Image:Coa cote d ivory.jpg||120px]] |- | [[Kuwait]] || [[Image:KUW-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kyrgyzstan]] || [[Image:Kyrgyziarms.gif|120px]] |} ==L== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Laos]] || [[Image:Laos_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Latvia]] || [[Image:Latvijas lielais gerbonis.gif|140px]] |- | [[Lebanon]] || [[Image:Lebanon coa.png|120px|Lebanese COA]] |- | [[Lesotho]] || [[Image:Lesotho coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Liberia]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Liberia.png|120px]] |- | [[Libîya]] || [[Image:Libyseal.gif|120px|Libya Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Liechtenstein]] || [[Image:Liechtenstein_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Lithuania]] || [[Image:Lithuanian_vytis.png|120px]] |- | [[Luksambur]] || [[Image:Luxarms.gif|center|120px]] |} ==M== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| (Former Yugoslav) <br> [[Republic of Macedonia]] || [[Image:Grb.gif|120px|Macedonia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Madagascar]] || [[Image:Madagascar_COA.png|120px|Madagasar COA]] |- | [[Malawi]] || [[Image:Malawiarms20.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Malaysia]] || [[Image:Malaysia_Coat_of_Arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Maldives]] || [[Image:Maldives-emblem.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mali]] || [[Image:Maliarms22.PNG]] |- | [[Malta]] || [[Image:Malta_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Marshall Islands]] || [[Image:Marshall_Islands_COA.gif|120px|Marshall Islands COA]] |- | [[Moritani]] || [[Image:maurarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Mauritius]] || [[Image:Mauritius_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mexico]] || [[Image:Mexico_coat_of_arms_(small).png|120px]] |- | [[Federated States of Micronesia]] || [[Image:Micronesie_COA.gif|120px|Micronesia COA]] |- | [[Moldova]] || [[Image:Mda_coa.gif|120px|Moldova Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Monaco]] || [[Image:Monaco_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mongolia]] || [[Image:Suld.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mozambiki]] || [[Image:Mozambique_COA.png|120px|Coat of arms of Mozambique]] |- | [[Myanmar]] || [[Image:Myanmar_COA.gif|120px|Coat of arms of Myanmar]] |} ==N== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Namibia]] || [[Image:Namibia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nauru]] || [[Image:Nauru_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nepal]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Nepal.png|120px|Nepal COA]] |- | [[New Zealand]] || [[Image:New_zealand_coa.png|120px|New Zealand COA]] |- | [[Nicaragua]] || [[Image:Nicaragua-coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Nijer]] || [[Image:Nigerarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Nijéria]] || [[Image:Nigeriaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Norway]] || [[Image:Norway_coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==O== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Omani]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- | [[Ostralía]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- | [[Otrishi]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- |} ==P== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Pakistan]] || [[Image:Pakarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Palau]] || |- | [[Panama]] || [[Image:Escudo_armas_Panama.PNG|120px|Panama COA]] |- | [[Papua New Guinea]] || [[Image:PapuaNewGuinea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Paraguay]] || [[Image:Paraguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Peru]] || [[Image:escudo nacional del Perú.svg|120px]] |- | [[Philippines]] || [[Image:Philippine_coat-of-arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Poland]] || [[Image:Herb Polski.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Poland]] |- | [[Pulutugal]] || [[Image:Portugal_coa.png|120px]] |} ==Q== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Qatar]] ||[http://www.qatarembassy.net/headerBanner.jpg] Seal is on left. |} ==R== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Romania]] || [[Image:Coa_romania.png|120px]] |- | [[Russia]] || [[Image:Russia_coa.png|120px]] |- |} ==S== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] || [[Image:skitts22.PNG|120px|Saint Kitts and Nevis: Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Saint Lucia]] || [[Image:St_lucia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] || [[Image:Svincent22.PNG|center|75px]] |- | [[San Salvador]] || [[Image:El Salvador coa.gif|120px|El Salvador COA]] |- | [[Samoa]] || [[Image:Westasmarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[San Marino]] || [[Image:Smarino.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] || [[Image:Saoprinarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Saudi Arabia]] || [[Image:Saudi coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Scotland]] || [[Image:Scottish royal coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Sénégal]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Senegal.png|120px]] |- | [[Serbia and Montenegro]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.png|120px|Serbia and Montenegro Caot of Arms]] |- | [[Seyshel]] || [[Image:Seychelles_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sierra Leone]] || [[Image:SLECOA.gif|120px|Sierra Leone Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Sidafrika]] || [[Image:Za-coa.gif]] |- | [[Singapore]] || [[Image:Symbol_crest.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovakia]] || [[Image:Slovakia_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovenia]] || [[Image:Slovenia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Solomon Islands]] || [[Image:Solomon_Islands_coat_of_arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Spain]] || [[Image:Spain_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sri Lanka]] || [[Image:Sri_lanka_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sudani]] || [[Image:Sudan_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Suriname]] || [[Image:Suriname_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Swaziland]] || [[Image:Swazicoa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sweden]] || [[Image:Sweden_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Swisi]] || [[Image:Switzerland_CoA.png|120px]] |- | [[Syria]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Syria.png|120px]] |} ==T== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| Taiwan ([[Republic of China]]) || [[Image:Republic_of_China_National_Emblem.png|120px|National Emblem of the Republic of China]] |- | [[Tajikistan]] || [[Image:Coa tajikistan.jpg|120px]] | [[Thailand]] || [[Image:Thailand_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Togo]] || [[Image:Togoarms22.PNG|center|120px]] |- | [[Tonga]] || [[Image:Tongaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Trinidad and Tobago]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms_Trinidad_and_Tobago.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tshad]] || [[Image:Chad_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tunisia]] || [[Image:Armes_tunisie.jpg|120px|Tunisia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Turkey]] || Turkey has no<br> recognized or <br>established<br> national coat<br> of arms |- | [[Turkmenistan]] || [[Image:Turkmenistan coa.jpg|120px|Turkmenistan Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Tuvalu]] || [[Image:Tuvalu-coa.jpg|120px]] |} ==U== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| | [[Ukraine]] || [[Image:Ukraine_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[United Arab Emirates]] || [[Image:NationalArmsofUAE.png|120px]] |- | [[United Kingdom]] || [[image:Coat of arms of the United Kingdom.png|120px]] |- | [[United States]] || [[Image:Great Seal of the US.png|120px|Great Seal of the U.S.]] |- | [[Uruguay]] || [[Image:Uruguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Uzbekistan]] || [[Image:Uzbekistan coa.png|120px|Uzbekistan Coat of Arms]] |} ==V== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Vanuatu]] || [[Image:Vanuatu_coat_of_arms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Vatican City]] || [[Image:Emblem of the Papacy.svg|120px]] |- | [[Venezuela]] || [[Image:Venezuela coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Vietnami]] || [[Image:Viet-coa.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==W== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Western Sahara]] ([[Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic]]) || [[Image:Lambang_sahara_barat.png]] |- |} ==Y== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Yemen]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Yemen.png|120px]] |} ==Z== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Zambia]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms of Zambia.png|120px|center]] |- |} [[Category:Almwali]] [[de:Liste der Nationalwappen]] [[en:Gallery of sovereign state coats of arms]] [[es:Galería de escudos de estados soberanos]] [[fr:Galerie des emblèmes des pays du monde]] [[he:גלריית סמלי מדינות העולם]] [[it:Elenco di stemmi nazionali]] [[ja:国章の一覧]] [[nl:Wapenschilden van de wereld]] [[pl:Godła państw świata]] [[ro:Galerie de steme de state suverane]] [[sk:Galéria štátnych znakov]] [[sr:Списак државних грбова]] [[sv:Lista över riksvapen]] 9837 2006-11-23T10:43:40Z ALE! 96 better image version {{Nationalflags}} __NOTOC__ {{compactTOC2}} ==A== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Afganistani]] || [[Image:COA Afghanistan.png|120px]] |- | [[Albania]] || [[Image:Albania_state_emblem.png|120px|center]] |- | [[Aljeria]] || [[Image:Algeria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Alémani]] || [[Image:Coat of Arms of Germany.svg|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[Bundesadler]]'' (Federal Eagle)</small> |- | [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Morocco.png|120px]] |- | [[Andorra]] || [[Image:Andorra_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Angóla]] || [[Image:Coaofangola.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Antigua and Barbuda]] || [[Image:Antigua_and_barbuda_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Argentina]] || [[Image:Argentina_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Armenia]] || [[Image:Armenia-coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Azerbaijan]] || [[Image:Azerbaijan coa.png|120px|]] |- |} ==B== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Bahamas]] || [[Image:Bahamas_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bahrain]] || [[Bahrain coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bangladesh]] || [[Image:Bangladesh_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Barbados]] || [[Image:Barbados_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Belarus]] || [[Image:Belarus_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] || [[Image:Belgium_coat_of_arms_small.png|120px]] |- | [[Belize]] || [[Image:Belize_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Bénin]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Benin.png|120px]] |- | [[Bhutan]] || [[Image:Bhutan_emblem.png|120px]] |- | [[Bolivia]] || [[Image:BoliviaArms.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] || [[Image:Bosnia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Botswana]] || [[Image:Bostwanaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Brazil]] || [[Image:Brazil_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Brunei]] || [[Image:Bx-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Bulgaria]] || [[Image:Bulgaria_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Burkina Faso]] || [[Image:Burkinaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==C== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Cambodia]] || [[Image:Coa cambodia.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Cape Verde]] || [[Image:Capeverdearms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Central African Republic]] || [[Image:Centralaf22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Chile]] || [[Image:Shield_cl.gif|120px]] |- | [[People's Republic of China]] || [[Image:China guohui.png|120px]] |- | [[Colombia]] || [[Image:Colombia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Costa Rica]] || [[Image:CostaRica_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Croatia]] || [[Image:Croatian Coat of Arms.svg|120px]] |- | [[Cuba]] || [[Image:Cuba_coa.gif|120px]] |- | [[Cyprus]] || [[Image:Cyprus_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Czech Republic]] || [[Image:Czech_coatofarms.jpg|120px]] |} ==D== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Denmark]] || [[Image:Denmark coa.png|120px]] |- |- | [[Dominica]] || [[Image:Dominica23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Dominican Republic]] || [[Image:Dominican_republic_coa.gif|120px]] |} ==E== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[East Timor]] || [[Image:East_timor_coa.png|120px|East Timor COA]] |- | [[Ekwateli]] || [[Image:Ecuador COA.jpg|120px|Ecuador COA]] |- | [[Ejipti]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Egypt.png|120px|Golden Eagle - Egypt Coat Of Arms]] |- | [[Estonia]] || [[Image:Estonia coat-of-arms.jpg|100px|120px|Estonia COA]] |- |} ==F== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Fiji]] || [[Image:Fij-coa.gif|120px]] |- | [[Finland]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Finland.svg|120px]] |- | [[France]] || [[Image:Armoiries-fr.jpg|120px]] |- |} ==G== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Gabon]] || [[Image:Gabonarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gambia]] || [[Image:Gambiaarms21.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] || [[Image:Georgian_COA.jpg|140px]] |- | [[Ghana]] || [[Image:Ghanaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Greece]] || [[Image:Greece_coa.png|120px|Greece Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Grenada]] || [[Image:Grenadaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Guatemala]] || [[Image:GUAcoat.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Guernsey]] || [[Image:Guernsey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Guernsey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Gine]] || [[Image:Guineaarms23.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Gine-Bisau]] || [[Image:Coaguinea-bissau.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] || [[Image:Equatorial Guinea coa.png|120px|Equatorial Guinea COA]] |- | [[Guyana]] || [[Image:Guyana_coa.png|120px]] |} ==H== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Haiti]] || [[Image:Haiti_coat_of_arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Holanda]] || [[Image:Arms_netherlands_small.gif|120px|Netherlands Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Honduras]] || [[Image:Honduras_COA.gif|120px|Honduras COA]] |- | [[Hungary]] || [[Image:Hungary coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==I== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Iceland]] || [[Image:ISLcoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[India]] || [[Image:Emblem of India.svg|100px|center]] |- | [[Indonesia]] || [[Image:Indonesiacoatofarms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Iran]] || [[Image:Iran_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Iraq]] || [[Image:Iraq-COA.png|120px]] |- | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] || [[Image:Ireland_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Isle of Man]] || [[Image:Isle of Man Arms Small.png|120px|Isle of Man Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Israel]] || [[Image:Israel-coa-medium.png|120px]] |- | [[Italy]] || [[Image:Italian_coa.png|120px|Italian COA]] |} ==J== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Japan]] || [[Image:Japan_coa.png|120px]]<br><small>the ''[[National and Imperial Seal]]''</small> |- | [[Jersey]] || [[Image:Jersey Coat of Arms.png|120px|Jersey Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Jordan]] || [[Image:Coat of Jordan.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Jordan]] |} ==K== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| |- | [[Kamerun]] || [[Image:Cameroon coa.jpg|120px|]] |- | [[Kanadá]] || [[Image:Bigcancoat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kazakhstan]] || [[image:Embelm_KZ.png|120px]] |- | [[Kiribati]] || [[Image:Kiribaticoa.gif|120px]] |- | [[North Korea]] || [[Image:North_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[South Korea]] || [[Image:South_korea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Komori]] || [[Image:Comoros_coat_of_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] || [[Image:Congocofarms2.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] || [[Image:Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png|120px]] |- | [[Kotdivuar]] || [[Image:Coa cote d ivory.jpg||120px]] |- | [[Kuwait]] || [[Image:KUW-coat.gif|120px]] |- | [[Kyrgyzstan]] || [[Image:Kyrgyziarms.gif|120px]] |} ==L== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Laos]] || [[Image:Laos_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Latvia]] || [[Image:Latvijas lielais gerbonis.gif|140px]] |- | [[Lebanon]] || [[Image:Lebanon coa.png|120px|Lebanese COA]] |- | [[Lesotho]] || [[Image:Lesotho coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Liberia]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Liberia.png|120px]] |- | [[Libîya]] || [[Image:Libyseal.gif|120px|Libya Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Liechtenstein]] || [[Image:Liechtenstein_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Lithuania]] || [[Image:Lithuanian_vytis.png|120px]] |- | [[Luksambur]] || [[Image:Luxarms.gif|center|120px]] |} ==M== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| (Former Yugoslav) <br> [[Republic of Macedonia]] || [[Image:Grb.gif|120px|Macedonia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Madagascar]] || [[Image:Madagascar_COA.png|120px|Madagasar COA]] |- | [[Malawi]] || [[Image:Malawiarms20.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Malaysia]] || [[Image:Malaysia_Coat_of_Arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Maldives]] || [[Image:Maldives-emblem.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mali]] || [[Image:Maliarms22.PNG]] |- | [[Malta]] || [[Image:Malta_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Marshall Islands]] || [[Image:Marshall_Islands_COA.gif|120px|Marshall Islands COA]] |- | [[Moritani]] || [[Image:maurarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Mauritius]] || [[Image:Mauritius_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mexico]] || [[Image:Mexico_coat_of_arms_(small).png|120px]] |- | [[Federated States of Micronesia]] || [[Image:Micronesie_COA.gif|120px|Micronesia COA]] |- | [[Moldova]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Moldova.png|120px|Moldova Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Monaco]] || [[Image:Monaco_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Mongolia]] || [[Image:Suld.gif|120px]] |- | [[Mozambiki]] || [[Image:Mozambique_COA.png|120px|Coat of arms of Mozambique]] |- | [[Myanmar]] || [[Image:Myanmar_COA.gif|120px|Coat of arms of Myanmar]] |} ==N== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Namibia]] || [[Image:Namibia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nauru]] || [[Image:Nauru_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Nepal]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Nepal.png|120px|Nepal COA]] |- | [[New Zealand]] || [[Image:New_zealand_coa.png|120px|New Zealand COA]] |- | [[Nicaragua]] || [[Image:Nicaragua-coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Nijer]] || [[Image:Nigerarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Nijéria]] || [[Image:Nigeriaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Norway]] || [[Image:Norway_coa.png|center|120px]] |} ==O== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Omani]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- | [[Ostralía]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- | [[Otrishi]] || [[Image:Sin escudo.png|120px]] |- |} ==P== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Pakistan]] || [[Image:Pakarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Palau]] || |- | [[Panama]] || [[Image:Escudo_armas_Panama.PNG|120px|Panama COA]] |- | [[Papua New Guinea]] || [[Image:PapuaNewGuinea_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Paraguay]] || [[Image:Paraguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Peru]] || [[Image:escudo nacional del Perú.svg|120px]] |- | [[Philippines]] || [[Image:Philippine_coat-of-arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Poland]] || [[Image:Herb Polski.png|120px|Coat of Arms of Poland]] |- | [[Pulutugal]] || [[Image:Portugal_coa.png|120px]] |} ==Q== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Qatar]] ||[http://www.qatarembassy.net/headerBanner.jpg] Seal is on left. |} ==R== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Romania]] || [[Image:Coa_romania.png|120px]] |- | [[Russia]] || [[Image:Russia_coa.png|120px]] |- |} ==S== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] || [[Image:skitts22.PNG|120px|Saint Kitts and Nevis: Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Saint Lucia]] || [[Image:St_lucia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] || [[Image:Svincent22.PNG|center|75px]] |- | [[San Salvador]] || [[Image:El Salvador coa.gif|120px|El Salvador COA]] |- | [[Samoa]] || [[Image:Westasmarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[San Marino]] || [[Image:Smarino.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] || [[Image:Saoprinarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Saudi Arabia]] || [[Image:Saudi coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Scotland]] || [[Image:Scottish royal coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Sénégal]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Senegal.png|120px]] |- | [[Serbia and Montenegro]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.png|120px|Serbia and Montenegro Caot of Arms]] |- | [[Seyshel]] || [[Image:Seychelles_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sierra Leone]] || [[Image:SLECOA.gif|120px|Sierra Leone Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Sidafrika]] || [[Image:Za-coa.gif]] |- | [[Singapore]] || [[Image:Symbol_crest.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovakia]] || [[Image:Slovakia_Coat_of_Arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Slovenia]] || [[Image:Slovenia_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Solomon Islands]] || [[Image:Solomon_Islands_coat_of_arms_small.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Spain]] || [[Image:Spain_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sri Lanka]] || [[Image:Sri_lanka_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Sudani]] || [[Image:Sudan_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Suriname]] || [[Image:Suriname_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Swaziland]] || [[Image:Swazicoa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Sweden]] || [[Image:Sweden_arms_small.gif|120px]] |- | [[Swisi]] || [[Image:Switzerland_CoA.png|120px]] |- | [[Syria]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Syria.png|120px]] |} ==T== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| Taiwan ([[Republic of China]]) || [[Image:Republic_of_China_National_Emblem.png|120px|National Emblem of the Republic of China]] |- | [[Tajikistan]] || [[Image:Coa tajikistan.jpg|120px]] | [[Thailand]] || [[Image:Thailand_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Togo]] || [[Image:Togoarms22.PNG|center|120px]] |- | [[Tonga]] || [[Image:Tongaarms22.PNG|120px]] |- | [[Trinidad and Tobago]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms_Trinidad_and_Tobago.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tshad]] || [[Image:Chad_coa.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Tunisia]] || [[Image:Armes_tunisie.jpg|120px|Tunisia Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Turkey]] || Turkey has no<br> recognized or <br>established<br> national coat<br> of arms |- | [[Turkmenistan]] || [[Image:Turkmenistan coa.jpg|120px|Turkmenistan Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Tuvalu]] || [[Image:Tuvalu-coa.jpg|120px]] |} ==U== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| | [[Ukraine]] || [[Image:Ukraine_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[United Arab Emirates]] || [[Image:NationalArmsofUAE.png|120px]] |- | [[United Kingdom]] || [[image:Coat of arms of the United Kingdom.png|120px]] |- | [[United States]] || [[Image:Great Seal of the US.png|120px|Great Seal of the U.S.]] |- | [[Uruguay]] || [[Image:Uruguay_coa.png|120px]] |- | [[Uzbekistan]] || [[Image:Uzbekistan coa.png|120px|Uzbekistan Coat of Arms]] |} ==V== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Vanuatu]] || [[Image:Vanuatu_coat_of_arms.jpg|120px]] |- | [[Vatican City]] || [[Image:Emblem of the Papacy.svg|120px]] |- | [[Venezuela]] || [[Image:Venezuela coat of arms.png|120px]] |- | [[Vietnami]] || [[Image:Viet-coa.PNG|120px]] |- |} ==W== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Western Sahara]] ([[Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic]]) || [[Image:Lambang_sahara_barat.png]] |- |} ==Y== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Yemen]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Yemen.png|120px]] |} ==Z== {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; |width=&quot;240&quot;| [[Zambia]] || [[Image:Coat_of_arms of Zambia.png|120px|center]] |- |} [[Category:Almwali]] [[de:Liste der Nationalwappen]] [[en:Gallery of sovereign state coats of arms]] [[es:Galería de escudos de estados soberanos]] [[fr:Galerie des emblèmes des pays du monde]] [[he:גלריית סמלי מדינות העולם]] [[it:Elenco di stemmi nazionali]] [[ja:国章の一覧]] [[nl:Wapenschilden van de wereld]] [[pl:Godła państw świata]] [[ro:Galerie de steme de state suverane]] [[sk:Galéria štátnych znakov]] [[sr:Списак државних грбова]] [[sv:Lista över riksvapen]] Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Swisi 1667 5575 2005-07-24T01:08:02Z Themalau 22 [[Image:Switzerland_flag_300.png]] Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Swisi {{Nationalflags}} 7002 2005-11-24T11:16:30Z 160.85.2.50 Category [[Image:Switzerland_flag_300.png]] Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Swisi {{Nationalflags}} [[Category:Molɔngɔ́ ya babɛndɛ́lɛ ya bisé|*]] [[Category:Molɔngɔ́ ya babɛndɛ́lɛ| ]] [[Category:Swisi]] [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] 7313 2005-12-13T12:53:13Z 160.85.2.50 [[Image:Switzerland_flag_300.png]] Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Swisi {{Nationalflags}} [[Category:Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Swisi bisé]] [[Category:Molɔngɔ́ ya babɛndɛ́lɛ| ]] [[Category:Swisi]] [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] 7314 2005-12-13T12:53:26Z 160.85.2.50 [[Image:Switzerland_flag_300.png]] Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Swisi {{Nationalflags}} [[Category:Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya bisé]] [[Category:Molɔngɔ́ ya babɛndɛ́lɛ| ]] [[Category:Swisi]] [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] 9456 2006-10-11T21:08:24Z 84.75.123.252 [[Image:Switzerland_flag_300.png]] Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya [[Swisi]] {{Nationalflags}} [[Category:Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya bisé]] [[Category:Molɔngɔ́ ya babɛndɛ́lɛ| ]] [[Category:Swisi]] [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] Molɔngɔ́ ya babɛndɛ́lɛ ya bisé ya mokili 1668 5576 2005-07-24T01:11:35Z Themalau 22 The '''list of sovereign state flags''' displays flags representing [[sovereign state]]s in the [[list of sovereign states]]. For flags of other nations see the [[list of flags of subnational entities]]. This list shows the flags with a fixed width, which is why the heights vary. To see the flags with constant height (which is more natural), see the [[Gallery of sovereign state flags]]. {{Nationalflags}} {{compactTOC2}} ==A== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Afghanistan|Flag of]] [[Afghanistan]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Afghanistan flag large.png|125px|Flag of Afghanistan]] |- | [[Flag of Albania|Flag of]] [[Albania]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Albania flag large.png|125px|Flag of Albania]] |- | [[Flag of Algeria|Flag of]] [[Algeria]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Algeria flag large.png|125px|Flag of Algeria]] |- | [[Flag of Andorra|Flag of]] [[Andorra]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Andorra flag large.png|125px|Flag of Andorra]] |- | [[Flag of Angola|Flag of]] [[Angola]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Angola flag large.png|125px|Flag of Angola]] |- | [[Flag of Antigua and Barbuda|Flag of]] [[Antigua and Barbuda]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Antigua and barbuda flag large.png|125px|Flag of Antigua and Barbuda]] |- | [[Flag of Argentina|Flag of]] [[Argentina]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Argentina flag large.png|125px|Flag of Argentina]] |- | [[Flag of Armenia|Flag of]] [[Armenia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Armenia flag large.png|125px|Flag of Armenia]] |- | [[Flag of Australia|Flag of]] [[Australia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag of Australia.png|125px|Flag of Australia]] |- | [[Flag of Austria|Flag of]] [[Austria]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Austria flag large.png|125px|Flag of Austria]] |- | [[Flag of Azerbaijan|Flag of]] [[Azerbaijan]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Azerbaijan flag large.png|125px|Flag of Azerbaijan]] |} ==B== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of the Bahamas|Flag of the]] [[Bahamas]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Bahamas flag large.png|125px|Flag of Bahamas]] |- | [[Flag of Bahrain|Flag of]] [[Bahrain]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Bahrain flag large.png|125px|Flag of Bahrain]] |- | [[Flag of Bangladesh|Flag of]] [[Bangladesh]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Bangladesh flag large.png|125px|Flag of Bangladesh]] |- | [[Flag of Barbados|Flag of]] [[Barbados]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Barbados flag large.png|125px|Flag of Barbados]] |- | [[Flag of Belarus|Flag of]] [[Belarus]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag_of_Belarus.png|125px|Flag of Belarus]] |- | [[Flag of Belgium|Flag of]] [[Belgium]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Belgium flag large.png|125px|Flag of Belgium]] |- | [[Flag of Belize|Flag of]] [[Belize]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Belize flag large.png|125px|Flag of Belize]] |- | [[Flag of Benin|Flag of]] [[Benin]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Benin flag large.png|125px|Flag of Benin]] |- | [[Flag of Bhutan|Flag of]] [[Bhutan]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Bhutan flag large.png|125px|Flag of Bhutan]] |- | [[Flag of Bolivia|Flag of]] [[Bolivia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Bolivia flag large.png|125px|Flag of Bolivia]] |- | [[Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Flag of]] [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Bosnia flag large.png|125px|Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] |- | [[Flag of Botswana|Flag of]] [[Botswana]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Botswana flag large.png|125px|Flag of Botswana]] |- | [[Flag of Brazil|Flag of]] [[Brazil]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Brazil flag large.png|125px|Flag of Brazil]] |- | [[Flag of Brunei|Flag of]] [[Brunei]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Brunei flag large.png|125px|Flag of Brunei]] |- | [[Flag of Bulgaria|Flag of]] [[Bulgaria]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Bulgaria flag large.png|125px|Flag of Bulgaria]] |- | [[Flag of Burkina Faso|Flag of]] [[Burkina Faso]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Burkina faso flag large.png|125px|Flag of Burkina Faso]] |- | [[Flag of Burundi|Flag of]] [[Burundi]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Burundi flag large.png|125px|Flag of Burundi]] |} ==C== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Cambodia|Flag of]] [[Cambodia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Cambodia flag large.png|125px|Flag of Cambodia]] |- | [[Flag of Cameroon|Flag of]] [[Cameroon]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Cameroon flag large.png|125px|Flag of Cameroon]] |- | [[Flag of Canada|Flag of]] [[Canada]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Canada flag large.png|125px|Flag of Canada]] |- | [[Flag of Cape Verde|Flag of]] [[Cape Verde]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Cape verde flag large.png|125px|Flag of Cape Verde]] |- | [[Flag of Central African Republic|Flag of]] [[Central African Republic]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Central african republic flag large.png|125px|Flag of Central African Republic]] |- | [[Flag of Chad|Flag of]] [[Chad]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag of Chad.png|125px|Flag of Chad]] |- | [[Flag of Chile|Flag of]] [[Chile]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Chile flag large.png|125px|Flag of Chile]] |- | [[Flag of the People's Republic of China|Flag of the]] [[People's Republic of China]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:PRC flag large.png|125px|Flag of People's Republic of China]] |- | [[Flag of Colombia|Flag of]] [[Colombia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Colombia flag large.png|125px|Flag of Colombia]] |- | [[Flag of Comoros|Flag of]] [[Comoros]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Comoros flag large.png|125px|Flag of Comoros]] |- | [[Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Flag of the]] [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Congo democratic flag large.png|125px|Flag of Democratic Republic of the Congo]] |- | [[Flag of the Republic of the Congo|Flag of the]] [[Republic of the Congo]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Congo republic flag large.png|125px|Flag of Republic of the Congo]] |- | [[Flag of Costa Rica|Flag of]] [[Costa Rica]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Costa rica flag large.png|125px|Flag of Costa Rica]] |- | [[Flag of Côte d'Ivoire|Flag of]] [[Côte d'Ivoire]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Cote d'ivoire flag large.png|125px|Flag of Côte d'Ivoire]] |- | [[Flag of Croatia|Flag of]] [[Croatia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Croatia flag large.png|125px|Flag of Croatia]] |- | [[Flag of Cuba|Flag of]] [[Cuba]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Cuba flag large.png|125px|Flag of Cuba]] |- | [[Flag of Cyprus|Flag of]] [[Cyprus]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Cyprus flag large.png|125px|Flag of Cyprus]] |- | [[Flag of the Czech Republic|Flag of the]] [[Czech Republic]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Czech republic flag large.png|125px|Flag of Czech Republic]] |} ==D== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Denmark|Flag of]] [[Denmark]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Denmark flag large.png|125px|Flag of Denmark]] |- | [[Flag of Djibouti|Flag of]] [[Djibouti]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Djibouti flag large.png|125px|Flag of Djibouti]] |- | [[Flag of Dominica|Flag of]] [[Dominica]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Dominica flag large.png|125px|Flag of Dominica]] |- | [[Flag of the Dominican Republic|Flag of the]] [[Dominican Republic]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Dominican republic flag large.png|125px|Flag of Dominican Republic]] |} ==E== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of East Timor|Flag of]] [[East Timor]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:East timor flag large.png|125px|Flag of East Timor]] |- | [[Flag of Ecuador|Flag of]] [[Ecuador]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Ecuador flag large.png|125px|Flag of Ecuador]] |- | [[Flag of Egypt|Flag of]] [[Egypt]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag of the Arab Republic of Egypt 1984.png|125px|Flag of Egypt]] |- | [[Flag of El Salvador|Flag of]] [[El Salvador]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:El salvador flag large.png|125px|Flag of El Salvador]] |- | [[Flag of Equatorial Guinea|Flag of]] [[Equatorial Guinea]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Equatorial guinea flag large.png|125px|Flag of Equatorial Guinea]] |- | [[Flag of Eritrea|Flag of]] [[Eritrea]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Eritrea flag large.png|125px|Flag of Eritrea]] |- | [[Flag of Estonia|Flag of]] [[Estonia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Estonia flag large.png|125px|Flag of Estonia]] |- | [[Flag of Ethiopia|Flag of]] [[Ethiopia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Ethiopia flag large.png|125px|Flag of Ethiopia]] |} ==F== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Fiji|Flag of]] [[Fiji]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Fiji flag large.png|125px|Flag of Fiji]] |- | [[Flag of Finland|Flag of]] [[Finland]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Finland flag large.png|125px|Flag of Finland]] |- | [[Flag of France|Flag of]] [[France]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:France flag large.png|125px|Flag of France]] |} ==G== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Gabon|Flag of]] [[Gabon]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Gabon flag large.png|125px|Flag of Gabon]] |- | [[Flag of The Gambia|Flag of]] [[The Gambia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Gambia flag large.png|125px|Flag of The Gambia]] |- | [[Flag of Georgia (country)|Flag of]] [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag_of_Georgia.png|125px|Flag of Georgia]] |- | [[Flag of Germany|Flag of]] [[Germany]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Germany flag large.png|125px|Flag of Germany]] |- | [[Flag of Ghana|Flag of]] [[Ghana]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Ghana flag large.png|125px|Flag of Ghana]] |- | [[Flag of Greece|Flag of]] [[Greece]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Greece flag large.png|125px|Flag of Greece]] |- | [[Flag of Grenada|Flag of]] [[Grenada]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Grenada flag large.png|125px|Flag of Grenada]] |- | [[Flag of Guatemala|Flag of]] [[Guatemala]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Guatemala flag large.png|125px|Flag of Guatemala]] |- | [[Flag of Guinea|Flag of]] [[Guinea]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Guinea flag large.png|125px|Flag of Guinea]] |- | [[Flag of Guinea-Bissau|Flag of]] [[Guinea-Bissau]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Guinea bissau flag large.png|125px|Flag of Guinea-Bissau]] |- | [[Flag of Guyana|Flag of]] [[Guyana]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Guyana flag large.png|125px|Flag of Guyana]] |} ==H== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Haiti|Flag of]] [[Haiti]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Haiti flag large.png|125px|Flag of Haiti]] |- | [[Flag of Honduras|Flag of]] [[Honduras]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Honduras flag large.png|125px|Flag of Honduras]] |- | [[Flag of Hungary|Flag of]] [[Hungary]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Hungary flag large.png|125px|Flag of Hungary]] |} ==I== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Iceland|Flag of]] [[Iceland]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Iceland flag large.png|125px|Flag of Iceland]] |- | [[Flag of India|Flag of]] [[India]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:India flag large.png|125px|Flag of India]] |- | [[Flag of Indonesia|Flag of]] [[Indonesia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Indonesia flag large.png|125px|Flag of Indonesia]] |- | [[Flag of Iran|Flag of]] [[Iran]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Iran flag large.png|125px|Flag of Iran]] |- | [[Flag of Iraq|Flag of]] [[Iraq]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Iraq flag large.png|125px|Flag of Iraq]] |- | [[Flag of the Republic of Ireland|Flag of the]] [[Republic of Ireland]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Ireland flag large.png|125px|Flag of Republic of Ireland]] |- | [[Flag of Israel|Flag of]] [[Israel]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Israel flag large.png|125px|Flag of Israel]] |- | [[Flag of Italy|Flag of]] [[Italy]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag of Italy.png|125px|Flag of Italy]] |} ==J== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Jamaica|Flag of]] [[Jamaica]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Jamaica flag large.png|125px|Flag of Jamaica]] |- | [[Flag of Japan|Flag of]] [[Japan]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Japan flag large.png|125px|Flag of Japan]] |- | [[Flag of Jordan|Flag of]] [[Jordan]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Jordan flag large.png|125px|Flag of Jordan]] |} ==K== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Kazakhstan|Flag of]] [[Kazakhstan]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag_of_Kazakhstan.png|125px|Flag of Kazakhstan]] |- | [[Flag of Kenya|Flag of]] [[Kenya]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Kenya flag large.png|125px|Flag of Kenya]] |- | [[Flag of Kiribati|Flag of]] [[Kiribati]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Kiribati flag large.png|125px|Flag of Kiribati]] |- | [[Flag of North Korea|Flag of]] [[North Korea]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:North korea flag large.png|125px|Flag of North Korea]] |- | [[Flag of South Korea|Flag of]] [[South Korea]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:South korea flag large.png|125px|Flag of South Korea]] |- | [[Flag of Kuwait|Flag of]] [[Kuwait]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Kuwait flag large.png|125px|Flag of Kuwait]] |- | [[Flag of Kyrgyzstan|Flag of]] [[Kyrgyzstan]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Kyrgyzstan flag large.png|125px|Flag of Kyrgyzstan]] |} ==L== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Laos|Flag of]] [[Laos]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Laos flag large.png|125px|Flag of Laos]] |- | [[Flag of Latvia|Flag of]] [[Latvia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Latvia flag large.png|125px|Flag of Latvia]] |- | [[Flag of Lebanon|Flag of]] [[Lebanon]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Lebanon flag large.png|125px|Flag of Lebanon]] |- | [[Flag of Lesotho|Flag of]] [[Lesotho]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Lesotho flag large.png|125px|Flag of Lesotho]] |- | [[Flag of Liberia|Flag of]] [[Liberia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Liberia flag large.png|125px|Flag of Liberia]] |- | [[Flag of Libya|Flag of]] [[Libya]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Libya flag large.png|125px|Flag of Libya]] |- | [[Flag of Liechtenstein|Flag of]] [[Liechtenstein]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Liechtenstein flag large.png|125px|Flag of Liechtenstein]] |- | [[Flag of Lithuania|Flag of]] [[Lithuania]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Lithuania flag large.png|125px|Flag of Lithuania]] |- | [[Flag of Luxembourg|Flag of]] [[Luxembourg]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Luxembourg flag large.png|125px|Flag of Luxembourg]] |} ==M== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of the Republic of Macedonia|Flag of the]] [[Republic of Macedonia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Macedonia flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Madagascar|Flag of]] [[Madagascar]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Madagascar flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Malawi|Flag of]] [[Malawi]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Malawi flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Malaysia|Flag of]] [[Malaysia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Malaysia flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Maldives|Flag of]] [[Maldives]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Maldives flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Mali|Flag of]] [[Mali]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Mali flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Malta|Flag of]] [[Malta]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Malta flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of the Marshall Islands|Flag of the]] [[Marshall Islands]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Marshall islands flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Mauritania|Flag of]] [[Mauritania]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag of Mauritania.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Mauritius|Flag of]] [[Mauritius]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Mauritius flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Mexico|Flag of]] [[Mexico]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Bandera-mexico.jpg|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of the Federated States of Micronesia|Flag of the]] [[Federated States of Micronesia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Micronesia flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Moldova|Flag of]] [[Moldova]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Moldova flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Monaco|Flag of]] [[Monaco]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Monaco flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Mongolia|Flag of]] [[Mongolia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag of Mongolia.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Morocco|Flag of]] [[Morocco]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Morocco flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Mozambique|Flag of]] [[Mozambique]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Mozambique flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Myanmar|Flag of]] [[Myanmar]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Myanmar flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==N== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Namibia|Flag of]] [[Namibia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Namibia flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Nauru|Flag of]] [[Nauru]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Nauru flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Nepal|Flag of]] [[Nepal]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Nepal flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of the Netherlands|Flag of the]] [[Netherlands]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Netherlands flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of New Zealand|Flag of]] [[New Zealand]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag of New Zealand.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Nicaragua|Flag of]] [[Nicaragua]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Nicaragua flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Niger|Flag of]] [[Niger]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Niger flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Nigeria|Flag of]] [[Nigeria]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Nigeria flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Norway|Flag of]] [[Norway]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Norway flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==O== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Oman|Flag of]] [[Oman]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Oman flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==P== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Pakistan|Flag of]] [[Pakistan]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Pakistan flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Palau|Flag of]] [[Palau]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Palau flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Panama|Flag of]] [[Panama]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Panama flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Papua New Guinea|Flag of]] [[Papua New Guinea]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Papua new guinea flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Paraguay|Flag of]] [[Paraguay]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Paraguay flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Peru|Flag of]] [[Peru]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Peru flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of the Philippines|Flag of the]] [[Philippines]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Philippines flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Poland|Flag of]] [[Poland]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Poland flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Portugal|Flag of]] [[Portugal]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Portugal flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==Q== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Qatar|Flag of]] [[Qatar]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag of Qatar.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==R== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Romania|Flag of]] [[Romania]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Romania flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Russia|Flag of]] [[Russia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Russia flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Rwanda|Flag of]] [[Rwanda]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Rwanda flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==S== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis|Flag of]] [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:St kitts and nevis flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Saint Lucia|Flag of]] [[Saint Lucia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:St lucia flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines|Flag of]] [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:St vincent grenadines flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Samoa|Flag of]] [[Samoa]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Samoa flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of San Marino|Flag of]] [[San Marino]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:San marino flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of São Tomé and Príncipe|Flag of]] [[São Tomé and Príncipe]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Sao tome and principe flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Saudi Arabia|Flag of]] [[Saudi Arabia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Saudi arabia flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Senegal|Flag of]] [[Senegal]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Senegal flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Serbia and Montenegro|Flag of]] [[Serbia and Montenegro]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Serbia and montenegro flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Seychelles|Flag of]] [[Seychelles]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Seychelles flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Sierra Leone|Flag of]] [[Sierra Leone]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Sierra leone flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Singapore|Flag of]] [[Singapore]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Singapore flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Slovakia|Flag of]] [[Slovakia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Slovakia flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Slovenia|Flag of]] [[Slovenia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Slovenia flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of the Solomon Islands|Flag of the]] [[Solomon Islands]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Solomon islands flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Somalia|Flag of]] [[Somalia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Somalia flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of South Africa|Flag of]] [[South Africa]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:South africa flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Spain|Flag of]] [[Spain]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Spain flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Sri Lanka|Flag of]] [[Sri Lanka]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Sri lanka flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Sudan|Flag of]] [[Sudan]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Sudan flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Suriname|Flag of]] [[Suriname]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Suriname flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Swaziland|Flag of]] [[Swaziland]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Swaziland flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Sweden|Flag of]] [[Sweden]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Sweden flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Switzerland|Flag of]] [[Switzerland]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Switzerland flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Syria|Flag of]] [[Syria]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Syria flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==T== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Tajikistan|Flag of]] [[Tajikistan]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Tajikistan flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of the Republic of China|Flag of]] the [[Republic of China]] (Taiwan) ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:ROC flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Tanzania|Flag of]] [[Tanzania]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Tanzania flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Thailand|Flag of]] [[Thailand]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag of Thailand.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Togo|Flag of]] [[Togo]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Togo flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Tonga|Flag of]] [[Tonga]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Tonga flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Trinidad and Tobago|Flag of]] [[Trinidad and Tobago]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Trinidad and tobago flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Tunisia|Flag of]] [[Tunisia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Tunisia flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Turkey|Flag of]] [[Turkey]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Turkey flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Turkmenistan|Flag of]] [[Turkmenistan]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Turkmenistan flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Tuvalu|Flag of]] [[Tuvalu]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:TV-flag-lg.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==U== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Uganda|Flag of]] [[Uganda]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Uganda flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Ukraine|Flag of]] [[Ukraine]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Ukraine flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of the UAE|Flag of the]] [[United Arab Emirates]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Uae flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of the United Kingdom|Flag of]] [[United Kingdom]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Uk flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of the United States|Flag of]] [[United States]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag_of_the_United_States.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Uruguay|Flag of]] [[Uruguay]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Uruguay flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Uzbekistan|Flag of]] [[Uzbekistan]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag of Uzbekistan.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==V== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Vanuatu|Flag of]] [[Vanuatu]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Vanuatu flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of the Vatican City|Flag of]] [[Vatican City]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag of Vatican City.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Venezuela|Flag of]] [[Venezuela]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Venezuela flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Vietnam|Flag of]] [[Vietnam]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Vietnam flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==W== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Western Sahara|Flag of]] [[Western Sahara]] ([[Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic]])||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag of Western Sahara.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==X== ==Y== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Yemen|Flag of]] [[Yemen]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Yemen flag 300.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==Z== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Zambia|Flag of]] [[Zambia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Zambia flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Zimbabwe|Flag of]] [[Zimbabwe]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Zimbabwe flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==See also== *[[Lists of flags]] *[[National Day|List of National Days]] [[de:Liste der Nationalflaggen]] [[el:&#922;&#945;&#964;&#940;&#955;&#959;&#947;&#959;&#962; &#931;&#951;&#956;&#945;&#953;&#974;&#957;]] [[es:Lista de banderas]] [[et:Maailma riikide lipud]] [[ja:&#22269;&#26071;&#12398;&#19968;&#35239;]] [[nl:Vlaggen van de wereld]] [[fr:Drapeaux de toutes les nations]] [[pl:Flagi pa&#324;stw &#347;wiata]] [[pt:Lista de bandeiras]] [[sv:Lista över flaggor]] [[ta:&#2980;&#3015;&#2970;&#3007;&#2991;&#2965;&#3021; &#2965;&#3018;&#2975;&#3007;&#2965;&#2995;&#3007;&#2985;&#3021; &#2986;&#2975;&#3021;&#2975;&#3007;&#2991;&#2994;&#3021;]] [[zh:&#22269;&#26071;&#21015;&#34920;]] [[Category:Lists of flags|National flags]] [[Category:National flags| ]] 5577 2005-07-24T01:13:56Z Themalau 22 /* See also */ The '''list of sovereign state flags''' displays flags representing [[sovereign state]]s in the [[list of sovereign states]]. For flags of other nations see the [[list of flags of subnational entities]]. This list shows the flags with a fixed width, which is why the heights vary. To see the flags with constant height (which is more natural), see the [[Gallery of sovereign state flags]]. {{Nationalflags}} {{compactTOC2}} ==A== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Afghanistan|Flag of]] [[Afghanistan]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Afghanistan flag large.png|125px|Flag of Afghanistan]] |- | [[Flag of Albania|Flag of]] [[Albania]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Albania flag large.png|125px|Flag of Albania]] |- | [[Flag of Algeria|Flag of]] [[Algeria]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Algeria flag large.png|125px|Flag of Algeria]] |- | [[Flag of Andorra|Flag of]] [[Andorra]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Andorra flag large.png|125px|Flag of Andorra]] |- | [[Flag of Angola|Flag of]] [[Angola]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Angola flag large.png|125px|Flag of Angola]] |- | [[Flag of Antigua and Barbuda|Flag of]] [[Antigua and Barbuda]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Antigua and barbuda flag large.png|125px|Flag of Antigua and Barbuda]] |- | [[Flag of Argentina|Flag of]] [[Argentina]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Argentina flag large.png|125px|Flag of Argentina]] |- | [[Flag of Armenia|Flag of]] [[Armenia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Armenia flag large.png|125px|Flag of Armenia]] |- | [[Flag of Australia|Flag of]] [[Australia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag of Australia.png|125px|Flag of Australia]] |- | [[Flag of Austria|Flag of]] [[Austria]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Austria flag large.png|125px|Flag of Austria]] |- | [[Flag of Azerbaijan|Flag of]] [[Azerbaijan]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Azerbaijan flag large.png|125px|Flag of Azerbaijan]] |} ==B== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of the Bahamas|Flag of the]] [[Bahamas]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Bahamas flag large.png|125px|Flag of Bahamas]] |- | [[Flag of Bahrain|Flag of]] [[Bahrain]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Bahrain flag large.png|125px|Flag of Bahrain]] |- | [[Flag of Bangladesh|Flag of]] [[Bangladesh]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Bangladesh flag large.png|125px|Flag of Bangladesh]] |- | [[Flag of Barbados|Flag of]] [[Barbados]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Barbados flag large.png|125px|Flag of Barbados]] |- | [[Flag of Belarus|Flag of]] [[Belarus]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag_of_Belarus.png|125px|Flag of Belarus]] |- | [[Flag of Belgium|Flag of]] [[Belgium]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Belgium flag large.png|125px|Flag of Belgium]] |- | [[Flag of Belize|Flag of]] [[Belize]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Belize flag large.png|125px|Flag of Belize]] |- | [[Flag of Benin|Flag of]] [[Benin]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Benin flag large.png|125px|Flag of Benin]] |- | [[Flag of Bhutan|Flag of]] [[Bhutan]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Bhutan flag large.png|125px|Flag of Bhutan]] |- | [[Flag of Bolivia|Flag of]] [[Bolivia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Bolivia flag large.png|125px|Flag of Bolivia]] |- | [[Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Flag of]] [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Bosnia flag large.png|125px|Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] |- | [[Flag of Botswana|Flag of]] [[Botswana]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Botswana flag large.png|125px|Flag of Botswana]] |- | [[Flag of Brazil|Flag of]] [[Brazil]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Brazil flag large.png|125px|Flag of Brazil]] |- | [[Flag of Brunei|Flag of]] [[Brunei]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Brunei flag large.png|125px|Flag of Brunei]] |- | [[Flag of Bulgaria|Flag of]] [[Bulgaria]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Bulgaria flag large.png|125px|Flag of Bulgaria]] |- | [[Flag of Burkina Faso|Flag of]] [[Burkina Faso]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Burkina faso flag large.png|125px|Flag of Burkina Faso]] |- | [[Flag of Burundi|Flag of]] [[Burundi]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Burundi flag large.png|125px|Flag of Burundi]] |} ==C== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Cambodia|Flag of]] [[Cambodia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Cambodia flag large.png|125px|Flag of Cambodia]] |- | [[Flag of Cameroon|Flag of]] [[Cameroon]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Cameroon flag large.png|125px|Flag of Cameroon]] |- | [[Flag of Canada|Flag of]] [[Canada]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Canada flag large.png|125px|Flag of Canada]] |- | [[Flag of Cape Verde|Flag of]] [[Cape Verde]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Cape verde flag large.png|125px|Flag of Cape Verde]] |- | [[Flag of Central African Republic|Flag of]] [[Central African Republic]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Central african republic flag large.png|125px|Flag of Central African Republic]] |- | [[Flag of Chad|Flag of]] [[Chad]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag of Chad.png|125px|Flag of Chad]] |- | [[Flag of Chile|Flag of]] [[Chile]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Chile flag large.png|125px|Flag of Chile]] |- | [[Flag of the People's Republic of China|Flag of the]] [[People's Republic of China]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:PRC flag large.png|125px|Flag of People's Republic of China]] |- | [[Flag of Colombia|Flag of]] [[Colombia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Colombia flag large.png|125px|Flag of Colombia]] |- | [[Flag of Comoros|Flag of]] [[Comoros]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Comoros flag large.png|125px|Flag of Comoros]] |- | [[Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Flag of the]] [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Congo democratic flag large.png|125px|Flag of Democratic Republic of the Congo]] |- | [[Flag of the Republic of the Congo|Flag of the]] [[Republic of the Congo]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Congo republic flag large.png|125px|Flag of Republic of the Congo]] |- | [[Flag of Costa Rica|Flag of]] [[Costa Rica]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Costa rica flag large.png|125px|Flag of Costa Rica]] |- | [[Flag of Côte d'Ivoire|Flag of]] [[Côte d'Ivoire]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Cote d'ivoire flag large.png|125px|Flag of Côte d'Ivoire]] |- | [[Flag of Croatia|Flag of]] [[Croatia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Croatia flag large.png|125px|Flag of Croatia]] |- | [[Flag of Cuba|Flag of]] [[Cuba]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Cuba flag large.png|125px|Flag of Cuba]] |- | [[Flag of Cyprus|Flag of]] [[Cyprus]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Cyprus flag large.png|125px|Flag of Cyprus]] |- | [[Flag of the Czech Republic|Flag of the]] [[Czech Republic]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Czech republic flag large.png|125px|Flag of Czech Republic]] |} ==D== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Denmark|Flag of]] [[Denmark]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Denmark flag large.png|125px|Flag of Denmark]] |- | [[Flag of Djibouti|Flag of]] [[Djibouti]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Djibouti flag large.png|125px|Flag of Djibouti]] |- | [[Flag of Dominica|Flag of]] [[Dominica]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Dominica flag large.png|125px|Flag of Dominica]] |- | [[Flag of the Dominican Republic|Flag of the]] [[Dominican Republic]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Dominican republic flag large.png|125px|Flag of Dominican Republic]] |} ==E== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of East Timor|Flag of]] [[East Timor]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:East timor flag large.png|125px|Flag of East Timor]] |- | [[Flag of Ecuador|Flag of]] [[Ecuador]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Ecuador flag large.png|125px|Flag of Ecuador]] |- | [[Flag of Egypt|Flag of]] [[Egypt]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag of the Arab Republic of Egypt 1984.png|125px|Flag of Egypt]] |- | [[Flag of El Salvador|Flag of]] [[El Salvador]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:El salvador flag large.png|125px|Flag of El Salvador]] |- | [[Flag of Equatorial Guinea|Flag of]] [[Equatorial Guinea]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Equatorial guinea flag large.png|125px|Flag of Equatorial Guinea]] |- | [[Flag of Eritrea|Flag of]] [[Eritrea]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Eritrea flag large.png|125px|Flag of Eritrea]] |- | [[Flag of Estonia|Flag of]] [[Estonia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Estonia flag large.png|125px|Flag of Estonia]] |- | [[Flag of Ethiopia|Flag of]] [[Ethiopia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Ethiopia flag large.png|125px|Flag of Ethiopia]] |} ==F== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Fiji|Flag of]] [[Fiji]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Fiji flag large.png|125px|Flag of Fiji]] |- | [[Flag of Finland|Flag of]] [[Finland]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Finland flag large.png|125px|Flag of Finland]] |- | [[Flag of France|Flag of]] [[France]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:France flag large.png|125px|Flag of France]] |} ==G== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Gabon|Flag of]] [[Gabon]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Gabon flag large.png|125px|Flag of Gabon]] |- | [[Flag of The Gambia|Flag of]] [[The Gambia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Gambia flag large.png|125px|Flag of The Gambia]] |- | [[Flag of Georgia (country)|Flag of]] [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag_of_Georgia.png|125px|Flag of Georgia]] |- | [[Flag of Germany|Flag of]] [[Germany]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Germany flag large.png|125px|Flag of Germany]] |- | [[Flag of Ghana|Flag of]] [[Ghana]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Ghana flag large.png|125px|Flag of Ghana]] |- | [[Flag of Greece|Flag of]] [[Greece]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Greece flag large.png|125px|Flag of Greece]] |- | [[Flag of Grenada|Flag of]] [[Grenada]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Grenada flag large.png|125px|Flag of Grenada]] |- | [[Flag of Guatemala|Flag of]] [[Guatemala]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Guatemala flag large.png|125px|Flag of Guatemala]] |- | [[Flag of Guinea|Flag of]] [[Guinea]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Guinea flag large.png|125px|Flag of Guinea]] |- | [[Flag of Guinea-Bissau|Flag of]] [[Guinea-Bissau]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Guinea bissau flag large.png|125px|Flag of Guinea-Bissau]] |- | [[Flag of Guyana|Flag of]] [[Guyana]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Guyana flag large.png|125px|Flag of Guyana]] |} ==H== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Haiti|Flag of]] [[Haiti]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Haiti flag large.png|125px|Flag of Haiti]] |- | [[Flag of Honduras|Flag of]] [[Honduras]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Honduras flag large.png|125px|Flag of Honduras]] |- | [[Flag of Hungary|Flag of]] [[Hungary]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Hungary flag large.png|125px|Flag of Hungary]] |} ==I== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Iceland|Flag of]] [[Iceland]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Iceland flag large.png|125px|Flag of Iceland]] |- | [[Flag of India|Flag of]] [[India]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:India flag large.png|125px|Flag of India]] |- | [[Flag of Indonesia|Flag of]] [[Indonesia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Indonesia flag large.png|125px|Flag of Indonesia]] |- | [[Flag of Iran|Flag of]] [[Iran]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Iran flag large.png|125px|Flag of Iran]] |- | [[Flag of Iraq|Flag of]] [[Iraq]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Iraq flag large.png|125px|Flag of Iraq]] |- | [[Flag of the Republic of Ireland|Flag of the]] [[Republic of Ireland]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Ireland flag large.png|125px|Flag of Republic of Ireland]] |- | [[Flag of Israel|Flag of]] [[Israel]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Israel flag large.png|125px|Flag of Israel]] |- | [[Flag of Italy|Flag of]] [[Italy]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag of Italy.png|125px|Flag of Italy]] |} ==J== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Jamaica|Flag of]] [[Jamaica]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Jamaica flag large.png|125px|Flag of Jamaica]] |- | [[Flag of Japan|Flag of]] [[Japan]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Japan flag large.png|125px|Flag of Japan]] |- | [[Flag of Jordan|Flag of]] [[Jordan]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Jordan flag large.png|125px|Flag of Jordan]] |} ==K== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Kazakhstan|Flag of]] [[Kazakhstan]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag_of_Kazakhstan.png|125px|Flag of Kazakhstan]] |- | [[Flag of Kenya|Flag of]] [[Kenya]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Kenya flag large.png|125px|Flag of Kenya]] |- | [[Flag of Kiribati|Flag of]] [[Kiribati]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Kiribati flag large.png|125px|Flag of Kiribati]] |- | [[Flag of North Korea|Flag of]] [[North Korea]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:North korea flag large.png|125px|Flag of North Korea]] |- | [[Flag of South Korea|Flag of]] [[South Korea]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:South korea flag large.png|125px|Flag of South Korea]] |- | [[Flag of Kuwait|Flag of]] [[Kuwait]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Kuwait flag large.png|125px|Flag of Kuwait]] |- | [[Flag of Kyrgyzstan|Flag of]] [[Kyrgyzstan]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Kyrgyzstan flag large.png|125px|Flag of Kyrgyzstan]] |} ==L== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Laos|Flag of]] [[Laos]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Laos flag large.png|125px|Flag of Laos]] |- | [[Flag of Latvia|Flag of]] [[Latvia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Latvia flag large.png|125px|Flag of Latvia]] |- | [[Flag of Lebanon|Flag of]] [[Lebanon]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Lebanon flag large.png|125px|Flag of Lebanon]] |- | [[Flag of Lesotho|Flag of]] [[Lesotho]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Lesotho flag large.png|125px|Flag of Lesotho]] |- | [[Flag of Liberia|Flag of]] [[Liberia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Liberia flag large.png|125px|Flag of Liberia]] |- | [[Flag of Libya|Flag of]] [[Libya]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Libya flag large.png|125px|Flag of Libya]] |- | [[Flag of Liechtenstein|Flag of]] [[Liechtenstein]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Liechtenstein flag large.png|125px|Flag of Liechtenstein]] |- | [[Flag of Lithuania|Flag of]] [[Lithuania]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Lithuania flag large.png|125px|Flag of Lithuania]] |- | [[Flag of Luxembourg|Flag of]] [[Luxembourg]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Luxembourg flag large.png|125px|Flag of Luxembourg]] |} ==M== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of the Republic of Macedonia|Flag of the]] [[Republic of Macedonia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Macedonia flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Madagascar|Flag of]] [[Madagascar]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Madagascar flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Malawi|Flag of]] [[Malawi]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Malawi flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Malaysia|Flag of]] [[Malaysia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Malaysia flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Maldives|Flag of]] [[Maldives]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Maldives flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Mali|Flag of]] [[Mali]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Mali flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Malta|Flag of]] [[Malta]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Malta flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of the Marshall Islands|Flag of the]] [[Marshall Islands]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Marshall islands flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Mauritania|Flag of]] [[Mauritania]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag of Mauritania.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Mauritius|Flag of]] [[Mauritius]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Mauritius flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Mexico|Flag of]] [[Mexico]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Bandera-mexico.jpg|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of the Federated States of Micronesia|Flag of the]] [[Federated States of Micronesia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Micronesia flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Moldova|Flag of]] [[Moldova]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Moldova flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Monaco|Flag of]] [[Monaco]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Monaco flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Mongolia|Flag of]] [[Mongolia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag of Mongolia.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Morocco|Flag of]] [[Morocco]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Morocco flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Mozambique|Flag of]] [[Mozambique]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Mozambique flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Myanmar|Flag of]] [[Myanmar]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Myanmar flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==N== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Namibia|Flag of]] [[Namibia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Namibia flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Nauru|Flag of]] [[Nauru]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Nauru flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Nepal|Flag of]] [[Nepal]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Nepal flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of the Netherlands|Flag of the]] [[Netherlands]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Netherlands flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of New Zealand|Flag of]] [[New Zealand]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag of New Zealand.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Nicaragua|Flag of]] [[Nicaragua]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Nicaragua flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Niger|Flag of]] [[Niger]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Niger flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Nigeria|Flag of]] [[Nigeria]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Nigeria flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Norway|Flag of]] [[Norway]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Norway flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==O== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Oman|Flag of]] [[Oman]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Oman flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==P== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Pakistan|Flag of]] [[Pakistan]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Pakistan flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Palau|Flag of]] [[Palau]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Palau flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Panama|Flag of]] [[Panama]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Panama flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Papua New Guinea|Flag of]] [[Papua New Guinea]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Papua new guinea flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Paraguay|Flag of]] [[Paraguay]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Paraguay flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Peru|Flag of]] [[Peru]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Peru flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of the Philippines|Flag of the]] [[Philippines]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Philippines flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Poland|Flag of]] [[Poland]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Poland flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Portugal|Flag of]] [[Portugal]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Portugal flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==Q== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Qatar|Flag of]] [[Qatar]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag of Qatar.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==R== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Romania|Flag of]] [[Romania]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Romania flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Russia|Flag of]] [[Russia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Russia flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Rwanda|Flag of]] [[Rwanda]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Rwanda flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==S== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis|Flag of]] [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:St kitts and nevis flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Saint Lucia|Flag of]] [[Saint Lucia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:St lucia flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines|Flag of]] [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:St vincent grenadines flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Samoa|Flag of]] [[Samoa]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Samoa flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of San Marino|Flag of]] [[San Marino]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:San marino flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of São Tomé and Príncipe|Flag of]] [[São Tomé and Príncipe]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Sao tome and principe flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Saudi Arabia|Flag of]] [[Saudi Arabia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Saudi arabia flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Senegal|Flag of]] [[Senegal]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Senegal flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Serbia and Montenegro|Flag of]] [[Serbia and Montenegro]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Serbia and montenegro flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Seychelles|Flag of]] [[Seychelles]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Seychelles flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Sierra Leone|Flag of]] [[Sierra Leone]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Sierra leone flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Singapore|Flag of]] [[Singapore]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Singapore flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Slovakia|Flag of]] [[Slovakia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Slovakia flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Slovenia|Flag of]] [[Slovenia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Slovenia flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of the Solomon Islands|Flag of the]] [[Solomon Islands]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Solomon islands flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Somalia|Flag of]] [[Somalia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Somalia flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of South Africa|Flag of]] [[South Africa]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:South africa flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Spain|Flag of]] [[Spain]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Spain flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Sri Lanka|Flag of]] [[Sri Lanka]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Sri lanka flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Sudan|Flag of]] [[Sudan]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Sudan flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Suriname|Flag of]] [[Suriname]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Suriname flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Swaziland|Flag of]] [[Swaziland]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Swaziland flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Sweden|Flag of]] [[Sweden]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Sweden flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Switzerland|Flag of]] [[Switzerland]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Switzerland flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Syria|Flag of]] [[Syria]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Syria flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==T== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Tajikistan|Flag of]] [[Tajikistan]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Tajikistan flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of the Republic of China|Flag of]] the [[Republic of China]] (Taiwan) ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:ROC flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Tanzania|Flag of]] [[Tanzania]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Tanzania flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Thailand|Flag of]] [[Thailand]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag of Thailand.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Togo|Flag of]] [[Togo]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Togo flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Tonga|Flag of]] [[Tonga]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Tonga flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Trinidad and Tobago|Flag of]] [[Trinidad and Tobago]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Trinidad and tobago flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Tunisia|Flag of]] [[Tunisia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Tunisia flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Turkey|Flag of]] [[Turkey]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Turkey flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Turkmenistan|Flag of]] [[Turkmenistan]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Turkmenistan flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Tuvalu|Flag of]] [[Tuvalu]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:TV-flag-lg.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==U== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Uganda|Flag of]] [[Uganda]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Uganda flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Ukraine|Flag of]] [[Ukraine]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Ukraine flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of the UAE|Flag of the]] [[United Arab Emirates]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Uae flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of the United Kingdom|Flag of]] [[United Kingdom]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Uk flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of the United States|Flag of]] [[United States]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag_of_the_United_States.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Uruguay|Flag of]] [[Uruguay]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Uruguay flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Uzbekistan|Flag of]] [[Uzbekistan]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag of Uzbekistan.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==V== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Vanuatu|Flag of]] [[Vanuatu]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Vanuatu flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of the Vatican City|Flag of]] [[Vatican City]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag of Vatican City.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Venezuela|Flag of]] [[Venezuela]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Venezuela flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Vietnam|Flag of]] [[Vietnam]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Vietnam flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==W== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Western Sahara|Flag of]] [[Western Sahara]] ([[Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic]])||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag of Western Sahara.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==X== ==Y== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Yemen|Flag of]] [[Yemen]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Yemen flag 300.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==Z== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Zambia|Flag of]] [[Zambia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Zambia flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Zimbabwe|Flag of]] [[Zimbabwe]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Zimbabwe flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==Tala mpe== *[[Molongo ya ba bɛndɛ́lɛ ]] *[[National Day|List of National Days]] [[de:Liste der Nationalflaggen]] [[el:&#922;&#945;&#964;&#940;&#955;&#959;&#947;&#959;&#962; &#931;&#951;&#956;&#945;&#953;&#974;&#957;]] [[es:Lista de banderas]] [[et:Maailma riikide lipud]] [[ja:&#22269;&#26071;&#12398;&#19968;&#35239;]] [[nl:Vlaggen van de wereld]] [[fr:Drapeaux de toutes les nations]] [[pl:Flagi pa&#324;stw &#347;wiata]] [[pt:Lista de bandeiras]] [[sv:Lista över flaggor]] [[ta:&#2980;&#3015;&#2970;&#3007;&#2991;&#2965;&#3021; &#2965;&#3018;&#2975;&#3007;&#2965;&#2995;&#3007;&#2985;&#3021; &#2986;&#2975;&#3021;&#2975;&#3007;&#2991;&#2994;&#3021;]] [[zh:&#22269;&#26071;&#21015;&#34920;]] [[Category:Molongo ya ba bɛndɛ́lɛ]] [[Category:National flags| ]] 5884 2005-07-31T12:54:14Z Moyogo 11 Molongo ya ba bɛndɛ́lɛ ya bisé ya mokili moved to Molɔngɔ́ ya babɛndɛ́lɛ ya bisé ya mokili The '''list of sovereign state flags''' displays flags representing [[sovereign state]]s in the [[list of sovereign states]]. For flags of other nations see the [[list of flags of subnational entities]]. This list shows the flags with a fixed width, which is why the heights vary. To see the flags with constant height (which is more natural), see the [[Gallery of sovereign state flags]]. {{Nationalflags}} {{compactTOC2}} ==A== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Afghanistan|Flag of]] [[Afghanistan]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Afghanistan flag large.png|125px|Flag of Afghanistan]] |- | [[Flag of Albania|Flag of]] [[Albania]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Albania flag large.png|125px|Flag of Albania]] |- | [[Flag of Algeria|Flag of]] [[Algeria]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Algeria flag large.png|125px|Flag of Algeria]] |- | [[Flag of Andorra|Flag of]] [[Andorra]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Andorra flag large.png|125px|Flag of Andorra]] |- | [[Flag of Angola|Flag of]] [[Angola]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Angola flag large.png|125px|Flag of Angola]] |- | [[Flag of Antigua and Barbuda|Flag of]] [[Antigua and Barbuda]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Antigua and barbuda flag large.png|125px|Flag of Antigua and Barbuda]] |- | [[Flag of Argentina|Flag of]] [[Argentina]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Argentina flag large.png|125px|Flag of Argentina]] |- | [[Flag of Armenia|Flag of]] [[Armenia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Armenia flag large.png|125px|Flag of Armenia]] |- | [[Flag of Australia|Flag of]] [[Australia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag of Australia.png|125px|Flag of Australia]] |- | [[Flag of Austria|Flag of]] [[Austria]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Austria flag large.png|125px|Flag of Austria]] |- | [[Flag of Azerbaijan|Flag of]] [[Azerbaijan]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Azerbaijan flag large.png|125px|Flag of Azerbaijan]] |} ==B== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of the Bahamas|Flag of the]] [[Bahamas]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Bahamas flag large.png|125px|Flag of Bahamas]] |- | [[Flag of Bahrain|Flag of]] [[Bahrain]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Bahrain flag large.png|125px|Flag of Bahrain]] |- | [[Flag of Bangladesh|Flag of]] [[Bangladesh]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Bangladesh flag large.png|125px|Flag of Bangladesh]] |- | [[Flag of Barbados|Flag of]] [[Barbados]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Barbados flag large.png|125px|Flag of Barbados]] |- | [[Flag of Belarus|Flag of]] [[Belarus]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag_of_Belarus.png|125px|Flag of Belarus]] |- | [[Flag of Belgium|Flag of]] [[Belgium]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Belgium flag large.png|125px|Flag of Belgium]] |- | [[Flag of Belize|Flag of]] [[Belize]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Belize flag large.png|125px|Flag of Belize]] |- | [[Flag of Benin|Flag of]] [[Benin]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Benin flag large.png|125px|Flag of Benin]] |- | [[Flag of Bhutan|Flag of]] [[Bhutan]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Bhutan flag large.png|125px|Flag of Bhutan]] |- | [[Flag of Bolivia|Flag of]] [[Bolivia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Bolivia flag large.png|125px|Flag of Bolivia]] |- | [[Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Flag of]] [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Bosnia flag large.png|125px|Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] |- | [[Flag of Botswana|Flag of]] [[Botswana]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Botswana flag large.png|125px|Flag of Botswana]] |- | [[Flag of Brazil|Flag of]] [[Brazil]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Brazil flag large.png|125px|Flag of Brazil]] |- | [[Flag of Brunei|Flag of]] [[Brunei]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Brunei flag large.png|125px|Flag of Brunei]] |- | [[Flag of Bulgaria|Flag of]] [[Bulgaria]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Bulgaria flag large.png|125px|Flag of Bulgaria]] |- | [[Flag of Burkina Faso|Flag of]] [[Burkina Faso]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Burkina faso flag large.png|125px|Flag of Burkina Faso]] |- | [[Flag of Burundi|Flag of]] [[Burundi]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Burundi flag large.png|125px|Flag of Burundi]] |} ==C== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Cambodia|Flag of]] [[Cambodia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Cambodia flag large.png|125px|Flag of Cambodia]] |- | [[Flag of Cameroon|Flag of]] [[Cameroon]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Cameroon flag large.png|125px|Flag of Cameroon]] |- | [[Flag of Canada|Flag of]] [[Canada]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Canada flag large.png|125px|Flag of Canada]] |- | [[Flag of Cape Verde|Flag of]] [[Cape Verde]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Cape verde flag large.png|125px|Flag of Cape Verde]] |- | [[Flag of Central African Republic|Flag of]] [[Central African Republic]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Central african republic flag large.png|125px|Flag of Central African Republic]] |- | [[Flag of Chad|Flag of]] [[Chad]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag of Chad.png|125px|Flag of Chad]] |- | [[Flag of Chile|Flag of]] [[Chile]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Chile flag large.png|125px|Flag of Chile]] |- | [[Flag of the People's Republic of China|Flag of the]] [[People's Republic of China]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:PRC flag large.png|125px|Flag of People's Republic of China]] |- | [[Flag of Colombia|Flag of]] [[Colombia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Colombia flag large.png|125px|Flag of Colombia]] |- | [[Flag of Comoros|Flag of]] [[Comoros]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Comoros flag large.png|125px|Flag of Comoros]] |- | [[Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Flag of the]] [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Congo democratic flag large.png|125px|Flag of Democratic Republic of the Congo]] |- | [[Flag of the Republic of the Congo|Flag of the]] [[Republic of the Congo]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Congo republic flag large.png|125px|Flag of Republic of the Congo]] |- | [[Flag of Costa Rica|Flag of]] [[Costa Rica]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Costa rica flag large.png|125px|Flag of Costa Rica]] |- | [[Flag of Côte d'Ivoire|Flag of]] [[Côte d'Ivoire]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Cote d'ivoire flag large.png|125px|Flag of Côte d'Ivoire]] |- | [[Flag of Croatia|Flag of]] [[Croatia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Croatia flag large.png|125px|Flag of Croatia]] |- | [[Flag of Cuba|Flag of]] [[Cuba]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Cuba flag large.png|125px|Flag of Cuba]] |- | [[Flag of Cyprus|Flag of]] [[Cyprus]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Cyprus flag large.png|125px|Flag of Cyprus]] |- | [[Flag of the Czech Republic|Flag of the]] [[Czech Republic]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Czech republic flag large.png|125px|Flag of Czech Republic]] |} ==D== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Denmark|Flag of]] [[Denmark]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Denmark flag large.png|125px|Flag of Denmark]] |- | [[Flag of Djibouti|Flag of]] [[Djibouti]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Djibouti flag large.png|125px|Flag of Djibouti]] |- | [[Flag of Dominica|Flag of]] [[Dominica]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Dominica flag large.png|125px|Flag of Dominica]] |- | [[Flag of the Dominican Republic|Flag of the]] [[Dominican Republic]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Dominican republic flag large.png|125px|Flag of Dominican Republic]] |} ==E== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of East Timor|Flag of]] [[East Timor]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:East timor flag large.png|125px|Flag of East Timor]] |- | [[Flag of Ecuador|Flag of]] [[Ecuador]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Ecuador flag large.png|125px|Flag of Ecuador]] |- | [[Flag of Egypt|Flag of]] [[Egypt]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag of the Arab Republic of Egypt 1984.png|125px|Flag of Egypt]] |- | [[Flag of El Salvador|Flag of]] [[El Salvador]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:El salvador flag large.png|125px|Flag of El Salvador]] |- | [[Flag of Equatorial Guinea|Flag of]] [[Equatorial Guinea]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Equatorial guinea flag large.png|125px|Flag of Equatorial Guinea]] |- | [[Flag of Eritrea|Flag of]] [[Eritrea]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Eritrea flag large.png|125px|Flag of Eritrea]] |- | [[Flag of Estonia|Flag of]] [[Estonia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Estonia flag large.png|125px|Flag of Estonia]] |- | [[Flag of Ethiopia|Flag of]] [[Ethiopia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Ethiopia flag large.png|125px|Flag of Ethiopia]] |} ==F== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Fiji|Flag of]] [[Fiji]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Fiji flag large.png|125px|Flag of Fiji]] |- | [[Flag of Finland|Flag of]] [[Finland]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Finland flag large.png|125px|Flag of Finland]] |- | [[Flag of France|Flag of]] [[France]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:France flag large.png|125px|Flag of France]] |} ==G== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Gabon|Flag of]] [[Gabon]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Gabon flag large.png|125px|Flag of Gabon]] |- | [[Flag of The Gambia|Flag of]] [[The Gambia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Gambia flag large.png|125px|Flag of The Gambia]] |- | [[Flag of Georgia (country)|Flag of]] [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag_of_Georgia.png|125px|Flag of Georgia]] |- | [[Flag of Germany|Flag of]] [[Germany]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Germany flag large.png|125px|Flag of Germany]] |- | [[Flag of Ghana|Flag of]] [[Ghana]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Ghana flag large.png|125px|Flag of Ghana]] |- | [[Flag of Greece|Flag of]] [[Greece]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Greece flag large.png|125px|Flag of Greece]] |- | [[Flag of Grenada|Flag of]] [[Grenada]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Grenada flag large.png|125px|Flag of Grenada]] |- | [[Flag of Guatemala|Flag of]] [[Guatemala]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Guatemala flag large.png|125px|Flag of Guatemala]] |- | [[Flag of Guinea|Flag of]] [[Guinea]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Guinea flag large.png|125px|Flag of Guinea]] |- | [[Flag of Guinea-Bissau|Flag of]] [[Guinea-Bissau]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Guinea bissau flag large.png|125px|Flag of Guinea-Bissau]] |- | [[Flag of Guyana|Flag of]] [[Guyana]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Guyana flag large.png|125px|Flag of Guyana]] |} ==H== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Haiti|Flag of]] [[Haiti]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Haiti flag large.png|125px|Flag of Haiti]] |- | [[Flag of Honduras|Flag of]] [[Honduras]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Honduras flag large.png|125px|Flag of Honduras]] |- | [[Flag of Hungary|Flag of]] [[Hungary]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Hungary flag large.png|125px|Flag of Hungary]] |} ==I== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Iceland|Flag of]] [[Iceland]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Iceland flag large.png|125px|Flag of Iceland]] |- | [[Flag of India|Flag of]] [[India]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:India flag large.png|125px|Flag of India]] |- | [[Flag of Indonesia|Flag of]] [[Indonesia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Indonesia flag large.png|125px|Flag of Indonesia]] |- | [[Flag of Iran|Flag of]] [[Iran]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Iran flag large.png|125px|Flag of Iran]] |- | [[Flag of Iraq|Flag of]] [[Iraq]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Iraq flag large.png|125px|Flag of Iraq]] |- | [[Flag of the Republic of Ireland|Flag of the]] [[Republic of Ireland]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Ireland flag large.png|125px|Flag of Republic of Ireland]] |- | [[Flag of Israel|Flag of]] [[Israel]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Israel flag large.png|125px|Flag of Israel]] |- | [[Flag of Italy|Flag of]] [[Italy]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag of Italy.png|125px|Flag of Italy]] |} ==J== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Jamaica|Flag of]] [[Jamaica]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Jamaica flag large.png|125px|Flag of Jamaica]] |- | [[Flag of Japan|Flag of]] [[Japan]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Japan flag large.png|125px|Flag of Japan]] |- | [[Flag of Jordan|Flag of]] [[Jordan]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Jordan flag large.png|125px|Flag of Jordan]] |} ==K== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Kazakhstan|Flag of]] [[Kazakhstan]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag_of_Kazakhstan.png|125px|Flag of Kazakhstan]] |- | [[Flag of Kenya|Flag of]] [[Kenya]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Kenya flag large.png|125px|Flag of Kenya]] |- | [[Flag of Kiribati|Flag of]] [[Kiribati]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Kiribati flag large.png|125px|Flag of Kiribati]] |- | [[Flag of North Korea|Flag of]] [[North Korea]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:North korea flag large.png|125px|Flag of North Korea]] |- | [[Flag of South Korea|Flag of]] [[South Korea]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:South korea flag large.png|125px|Flag of South Korea]] |- | [[Flag of Kuwait|Flag of]] [[Kuwait]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Kuwait flag large.png|125px|Flag of Kuwait]] |- | [[Flag of Kyrgyzstan|Flag of]] [[Kyrgyzstan]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Kyrgyzstan flag large.png|125px|Flag of Kyrgyzstan]] |} ==L== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Laos|Flag of]] [[Laos]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Laos flag large.png|125px|Flag of Laos]] |- | [[Flag of Latvia|Flag of]] [[Latvia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Latvia flag large.png|125px|Flag of Latvia]] |- | [[Flag of Lebanon|Flag of]] [[Lebanon]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Lebanon flag large.png|125px|Flag of Lebanon]] |- | [[Flag of Lesotho|Flag of]] [[Lesotho]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Lesotho flag large.png|125px|Flag of Lesotho]] |- | [[Flag of Liberia|Flag of]] [[Liberia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Liberia flag large.png|125px|Flag of Liberia]] |- | [[Flag of Libya|Flag of]] [[Libya]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Libya flag large.png|125px|Flag of Libya]] |- | [[Flag of Liechtenstein|Flag of]] [[Liechtenstein]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Liechtenstein flag large.png|125px|Flag of Liechtenstein]] |- | [[Flag of Lithuania|Flag of]] [[Lithuania]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Lithuania flag large.png|125px|Flag of Lithuania]] |- | [[Flag of Luxembourg|Flag of]] [[Luxembourg]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Luxembourg flag large.png|125px|Flag of Luxembourg]] |} ==M== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of the Republic of Macedonia|Flag of the]] [[Republic of Macedonia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Macedonia flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Madagascar|Flag of]] [[Madagascar]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Madagascar flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Malawi|Flag of]] [[Malawi]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Malawi flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Malaysia|Flag of]] [[Malaysia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Malaysia flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Maldives|Flag of]] [[Maldives]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Maldives flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Mali|Flag of]] [[Mali]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Mali flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Malta|Flag of]] [[Malta]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Malta flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of the Marshall Islands|Flag of the]] [[Marshall Islands]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Marshall islands flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Mauritania|Flag of]] [[Mauritania]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag of Mauritania.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Mauritius|Flag of]] [[Mauritius]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Mauritius flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Mexico|Flag of]] [[Mexico]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Bandera-mexico.jpg|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of the Federated States of Micronesia|Flag of the]] [[Federated States of Micronesia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Micronesia flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Moldova|Flag of]] [[Moldova]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Moldova flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Monaco|Flag of]] [[Monaco]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Monaco flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Mongolia|Flag of]] [[Mongolia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag of Mongolia.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Morocco|Flag of]] [[Morocco]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Morocco flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Mozambique|Flag of]] [[Mozambique]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Mozambique flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Myanmar|Flag of]] [[Myanmar]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Myanmar flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==N== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Namibia|Flag of]] [[Namibia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Namibia flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Nauru|Flag of]] [[Nauru]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Nauru flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Nepal|Flag of]] [[Nepal]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Nepal flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of the Netherlands|Flag of the]] [[Netherlands]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Netherlands flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of New Zealand|Flag of]] [[New Zealand]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag of New Zealand.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Nicaragua|Flag of]] [[Nicaragua]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Nicaragua flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Niger|Flag of]] [[Niger]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Niger flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Nigeria|Flag of]] [[Nigeria]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Nigeria flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Norway|Flag of]] [[Norway]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Norway flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==O== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Oman|Flag of]] [[Oman]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Oman flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==P== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Pakistan|Flag of]] [[Pakistan]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Pakistan flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Palau|Flag of]] [[Palau]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Palau flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Panama|Flag of]] [[Panama]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Panama flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Papua New Guinea|Flag of]] [[Papua New Guinea]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Papua new guinea flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Paraguay|Flag of]] [[Paraguay]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Paraguay flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Peru|Flag of]] [[Peru]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Peru flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of the Philippines|Flag of the]] [[Philippines]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Philippines flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Poland|Flag of]] [[Poland]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Poland flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Portugal|Flag of]] [[Portugal]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Portugal flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==Q== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Qatar|Flag of]] [[Qatar]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag of Qatar.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==R== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Romania|Flag of]] [[Romania]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Romania flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Russia|Flag of]] [[Russia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Russia flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Rwanda|Flag of]] [[Rwanda]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Rwanda flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==S== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis|Flag of]] [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:St kitts and nevis flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Saint Lucia|Flag of]] [[Saint Lucia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:St lucia flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines|Flag of]] [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:St vincent grenadines flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Samoa|Flag of]] [[Samoa]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Samoa flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of San Marino|Flag of]] [[San Marino]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:San marino flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of São Tomé and Príncipe|Flag of]] [[São Tomé and Príncipe]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Sao tome and principe flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Saudi Arabia|Flag of]] [[Saudi Arabia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Saudi arabia flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Senegal|Flag of]] [[Senegal]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Senegal flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Serbia and Montenegro|Flag of]] [[Serbia and Montenegro]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Serbia and montenegro flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Seychelles|Flag of]] [[Seychelles]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Seychelles flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Sierra Leone|Flag of]] [[Sierra Leone]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Sierra leone flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Singapore|Flag of]] [[Singapore]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Singapore flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Slovakia|Flag of]] [[Slovakia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Slovakia flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Slovenia|Flag of]] [[Slovenia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Slovenia flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of the Solomon Islands|Flag of the]] [[Solomon Islands]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Solomon islands flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Somalia|Flag of]] [[Somalia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Somalia flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of South Africa|Flag of]] [[South Africa]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:South africa flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Spain|Flag of]] [[Spain]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Spain flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Sri Lanka|Flag of]] [[Sri Lanka]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Sri lanka flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Sudan|Flag of]] [[Sudan]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Sudan flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Suriname|Flag of]] [[Suriname]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Suriname flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Swaziland|Flag of]] [[Swaziland]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Swaziland flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Sweden|Flag of]] [[Sweden]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Sweden flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Switzerland|Flag of]] [[Switzerland]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Switzerland flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Syria|Flag of]] [[Syria]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Syria flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==T== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Tajikistan|Flag of]] [[Tajikistan]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Tajikistan flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of the Republic of China|Flag of]] the [[Republic of China]] (Taiwan) ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:ROC flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Tanzania|Flag of]] [[Tanzania]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Tanzania flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Thailand|Flag of]] [[Thailand]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag of Thailand.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Togo|Flag of]] [[Togo]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Togo flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Tonga|Flag of]] [[Tonga]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Tonga flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Trinidad and Tobago|Flag of]] [[Trinidad and Tobago]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Trinidad and tobago flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Tunisia|Flag of]] [[Tunisia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Tunisia flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Turkey|Flag of]] [[Turkey]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Turkey flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Turkmenistan|Flag of]] [[Turkmenistan]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Turkmenistan flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Tuvalu|Flag of]] [[Tuvalu]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:TV-flag-lg.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==U== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Uganda|Flag of]] [[Uganda]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Uganda flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Ukraine|Flag of]] [[Ukraine]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Ukraine flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of the UAE|Flag of the]] [[United Arab Emirates]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Uae flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of the United Kingdom|Flag of]] [[United Kingdom]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Uk flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of the United States|Flag of]] [[United States]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag_of_the_United_States.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Uruguay|Flag of]] [[Uruguay]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Uruguay flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Uzbekistan|Flag of]] [[Uzbekistan]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag of Uzbekistan.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==V== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Vanuatu|Flag of]] [[Vanuatu]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Vanuatu flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of the Vatican City|Flag of]] [[Vatican City]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag of Vatican City.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Venezuela|Flag of]] [[Venezuela]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Venezuela flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Vietnam|Flag of]] [[Vietnam]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Vietnam flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==W== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Western Sahara|Flag of]] [[Western Sahara]] ([[Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic]])||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag of Western Sahara.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==X== ==Y== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Yemen|Flag of]] [[Yemen]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Yemen flag 300.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==Z== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Zambia|Flag of]] [[Zambia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Zambia flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Zimbabwe|Flag of]] [[Zimbabwe]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Zimbabwe flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==Tala mpe== *[[Molongo ya ba bɛndɛ́lɛ ]] *[[National Day|List of National Days]] [[de:Liste der Nationalflaggen]] [[el:&#922;&#945;&#964;&#940;&#955;&#959;&#947;&#959;&#962; &#931;&#951;&#956;&#945;&#953;&#974;&#957;]] [[es:Lista de banderas]] [[et:Maailma riikide lipud]] [[ja:&#22269;&#26071;&#12398;&#19968;&#35239;]] [[nl:Vlaggen van de wereld]] [[fr:Drapeaux de toutes les nations]] [[pl:Flagi pa&#324;stw &#347;wiata]] [[pt:Lista de bandeiras]] [[sv:Lista över flaggor]] [[ta:&#2980;&#3015;&#2970;&#3007;&#2991;&#2965;&#3021; &#2965;&#3018;&#2975;&#3007;&#2965;&#2995;&#3007;&#2985;&#3021; &#2986;&#2975;&#3021;&#2975;&#3007;&#2991;&#2994;&#3021;]] [[zh:&#22269;&#26071;&#21015;&#34920;]] [[Category:Molongo ya ba bɛndɛ́lɛ]] [[Category:National flags| ]] 5893 2005-07-31T13:01:14Z Moyogo 11 cat The '''list of sovereign state flags''' displays flags representing [[sovereign state]]s in the [[list of sovereign states]]. For flags of other nations see the [[list of flags of subnational entities]]. This list shows the flags with a fixed width, which is why the heights vary. To see the flags with constant height (which is more natural), see the [[Gallery of sovereign state flags]]. {{Babɛndɛ́lɛ ya bisé}} {{compactTOC2}} ==A== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Afghanistan|Flag of]] [[Afghanistan]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Afghanistan flag large.png|125px|Flag of Afghanistan]] |- | [[Flag of Albania|Flag of]] [[Albania]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Albania flag large.png|125px|Flag of Albania]] |- | [[Flag of Algeria|Flag of]] [[Algeria]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Algeria flag large.png|125px|Flag of Algeria]] |- | [[Flag of Andorra|Flag of]] [[Andorra]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Andorra flag large.png|125px|Flag of Andorra]] |- | [[Flag of Angola|Flag of]] [[Angola]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Angola flag large.png|125px|Flag of Angola]] |- | [[Flag of Antigua and Barbuda|Flag of]] [[Antigua and Barbuda]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Antigua and barbuda flag large.png|125px|Flag of Antigua and Barbuda]] |- | [[Flag of Argentina|Flag of]] [[Argentina]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Argentina flag large.png|125px|Flag of Argentina]] |- | [[Flag of Armenia|Flag of]] [[Armenia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Armenia flag large.png|125px|Flag of Armenia]] |- | [[Flag of Australia|Flag of]] [[Australia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag of Australia.png|125px|Flag of Australia]] |- | [[Flag of Austria|Flag of]] [[Austria]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Austria flag large.png|125px|Flag of Austria]] |- | [[Flag of Azerbaijan|Flag of]] [[Azerbaijan]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Azerbaijan flag large.png|125px|Flag of Azerbaijan]] |} ==B== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of the Bahamas|Flag of the]] [[Bahamas]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Bahamas flag large.png|125px|Flag of Bahamas]] |- | [[Flag of Bahrain|Flag of]] [[Bahrain]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Bahrain flag large.png|125px|Flag of Bahrain]] |- | [[Flag of Bangladesh|Flag of]] [[Bangladesh]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Bangladesh flag large.png|125px|Flag of Bangladesh]] |- | [[Flag of Barbados|Flag of]] [[Barbados]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Barbados flag large.png|125px|Flag of Barbados]] |- | [[Flag of Belarus|Flag of]] [[Belarus]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag_of_Belarus.png|125px|Flag of Belarus]] |- | [[Flag of Belgium|Flag of]] [[Belgium]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Belgium flag large.png|125px|Flag of Belgium]] |- | [[Flag of Belize|Flag of]] [[Belize]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Belize flag large.png|125px|Flag of Belize]] |- | [[Flag of Benin|Flag of]] [[Benin]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Benin flag large.png|125px|Flag of Benin]] |- | [[Flag of Bhutan|Flag of]] [[Bhutan]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Bhutan flag large.png|125px|Flag of Bhutan]] |- | [[Flag of Bolivia|Flag of]] [[Bolivia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Bolivia flag large.png|125px|Flag of Bolivia]] |- | [[Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Flag of]] [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Bosnia flag large.png|125px|Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] |- | [[Flag of Botswana|Flag of]] [[Botswana]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Botswana flag large.png|125px|Flag of Botswana]] |- | [[Flag of Brazil|Flag of]] [[Brazil]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Brazil flag large.png|125px|Flag of Brazil]] |- | [[Flag of Brunei|Flag of]] [[Brunei]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Brunei flag large.png|125px|Flag of Brunei]] |- | [[Flag of Bulgaria|Flag of]] [[Bulgaria]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Bulgaria flag large.png|125px|Flag of Bulgaria]] |- | [[Flag of Burkina Faso|Flag of]] [[Burkina Faso]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Burkina faso flag large.png|125px|Flag of Burkina Faso]] |- | [[Flag of Burundi|Flag of]] [[Burundi]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Burundi flag large.png|125px|Flag of Burundi]] |} ==C== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Cambodia|Flag of]] [[Cambodia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Cambodia flag large.png|125px|Flag of Cambodia]] |- | [[Flag of Cameroon|Flag of]] [[Cameroon]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Cameroon flag large.png|125px|Flag of Cameroon]] |- | [[Flag of Canada|Flag of]] [[Canada]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Canada flag large.png|125px|Flag of Canada]] |- | [[Flag of Cape Verde|Flag of]] [[Cape Verde]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Cape verde flag large.png|125px|Flag of Cape Verde]] |- | [[Flag of Central African Republic|Flag of]] [[Central African Republic]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Central african republic flag large.png|125px|Flag of Central African Republic]] |- | [[Flag of Chad|Flag of]] [[Chad]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag of Chad.png|125px|Flag of Chad]] |- | [[Flag of Chile|Flag of]] [[Chile]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Chile flag large.png|125px|Flag of Chile]] |- | [[Flag of the People's Republic of China|Flag of the]] [[People's Republic of China]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:PRC flag large.png|125px|Flag of People's Republic of China]] |- | [[Flag of Colombia|Flag of]] [[Colombia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Colombia flag large.png|125px|Flag of Colombia]] |- | [[Flag of Comoros|Flag of]] [[Comoros]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Comoros flag large.png|125px|Flag of Comoros]] |- | [[Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Flag of the]] [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Congo democratic flag large.png|125px|Flag of Democratic Republic of the Congo]] |- | [[Flag of the Republic of the Congo|Flag of the]] [[Republic of the Congo]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Congo republic flag large.png|125px|Flag of Republic of the Congo]] |- | [[Flag of Costa Rica|Flag of]] [[Costa Rica]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Costa rica flag large.png|125px|Flag of Costa Rica]] |- | [[Flag of Côte d'Ivoire|Flag of]] [[Côte d'Ivoire]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Cote d'ivoire flag large.png|125px|Flag of Côte d'Ivoire]] |- | [[Flag of Croatia|Flag of]] [[Croatia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Croatia flag large.png|125px|Flag of Croatia]] |- | [[Flag of Cuba|Flag of]] [[Cuba]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Cuba flag large.png|125px|Flag of Cuba]] |- | [[Flag of Cyprus|Flag of]] [[Cyprus]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Cyprus flag large.png|125px|Flag of Cyprus]] |- | [[Flag of the Czech Republic|Flag of the]] [[Czech Republic]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Czech republic flag large.png|125px|Flag of Czech Republic]] |} ==D== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Denmark|Flag of]] [[Denmark]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Denmark flag large.png|125px|Flag of Denmark]] |- | [[Flag of Djibouti|Flag of]] [[Djibouti]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Djibouti flag large.png|125px|Flag of Djibouti]] |- | [[Flag of Dominica|Flag of]] [[Dominica]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Dominica flag large.png|125px|Flag of Dominica]] |- | [[Flag of the Dominican Republic|Flag of the]] [[Dominican Republic]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Dominican republic flag large.png|125px|Flag of Dominican Republic]] |} ==E== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of East Timor|Flag of]] [[East Timor]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:East timor flag large.png|125px|Flag of East Timor]] |- | [[Flag of Ecuador|Flag of]] [[Ecuador]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Ecuador flag large.png|125px|Flag of Ecuador]] |- | [[Flag of Egypt|Flag of]] [[Egypt]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag of the Arab Republic of Egypt 1984.png|125px|Flag of Egypt]] |- | [[Flag of El Salvador|Flag of]] [[El Salvador]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:El salvador flag large.png|125px|Flag of El Salvador]] |- | [[Flag of Equatorial Guinea|Flag of]] [[Equatorial Guinea]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Equatorial guinea flag large.png|125px|Flag of Equatorial Guinea]] |- | [[Flag of Eritrea|Flag of]] [[Eritrea]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Eritrea flag large.png|125px|Flag of Eritrea]] |- | [[Flag of Estonia|Flag of]] [[Estonia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Estonia flag large.png|125px|Flag of Estonia]] |- | [[Flag of Ethiopia|Flag of]] [[Ethiopia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Ethiopia flag large.png|125px|Flag of Ethiopia]] |} ==F== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Fiji|Flag of]] [[Fiji]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Fiji flag large.png|125px|Flag of Fiji]] |- | [[Flag of Finland|Flag of]] [[Finland]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Finland flag large.png|125px|Flag of Finland]] |- | [[Flag of France|Flag of]] [[France]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:France flag large.png|125px|Flag of France]] |} ==G== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Gabon|Flag of]] [[Gabon]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Gabon flag large.png|125px|Flag of Gabon]] |- | [[Flag of The Gambia|Flag of]] [[The Gambia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Gambia flag large.png|125px|Flag of The Gambia]] |- | [[Flag of Georgia (country)|Flag of]] [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag_of_Georgia.png|125px|Flag of Georgia]] |- | [[Flag of Germany|Flag of]] [[Germany]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Germany flag large.png|125px|Flag of Germany]] |- | [[Flag of Ghana|Flag of]] [[Ghana]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Ghana flag large.png|125px|Flag of Ghana]] |- | [[Flag of Greece|Flag of]] [[Greece]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Greece flag large.png|125px|Flag of Greece]] |- | [[Flag of Grenada|Flag of]] [[Grenada]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Grenada flag large.png|125px|Flag of Grenada]] |- | [[Flag of Guatemala|Flag of]] [[Guatemala]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Guatemala flag large.png|125px|Flag of Guatemala]] |- | [[Flag of Guinea|Flag of]] [[Guinea]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Guinea flag large.png|125px|Flag of Guinea]] |- | [[Flag of Guinea-Bissau|Flag of]] [[Guinea-Bissau]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Guinea bissau flag large.png|125px|Flag of Guinea-Bissau]] |- | [[Flag of Guyana|Flag of]] [[Guyana]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Guyana flag large.png|125px|Flag of Guyana]] |} ==H== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Haiti|Flag of]] [[Haiti]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Haiti flag large.png|125px|Flag of Haiti]] |- | [[Flag of Honduras|Flag of]] [[Honduras]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Honduras flag large.png|125px|Flag of Honduras]] |- | [[Flag of Hungary|Flag of]] [[Hungary]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Hungary flag large.png|125px|Flag of Hungary]] |} ==I== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Iceland|Flag of]] [[Iceland]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Iceland flag large.png|125px|Flag of Iceland]] |- | [[Flag of India|Flag of]] [[India]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:India flag large.png|125px|Flag of India]] |- | [[Flag of Indonesia|Flag of]] [[Indonesia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Indonesia flag large.png|125px|Flag of Indonesia]] |- | [[Flag of Iran|Flag of]] [[Iran]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Iran flag large.png|125px|Flag of Iran]] |- | [[Flag of Iraq|Flag of]] [[Iraq]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Iraq flag large.png|125px|Flag of Iraq]] |- | [[Flag of the Republic of Ireland|Flag of the]] [[Republic of Ireland]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Ireland flag large.png|125px|Flag of Republic of Ireland]] |- | [[Flag of Israel|Flag of]] [[Israel]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Israel flag large.png|125px|Flag of Israel]] |- | [[Flag of Italy|Flag of]] [[Italy]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag of Italy.png|125px|Flag of Italy]] |} ==J== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Jamaica|Flag of]] [[Jamaica]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Jamaica flag large.png|125px|Flag of Jamaica]] |- | [[Flag of Japan|Flag of]] [[Japan]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Japan flag large.png|125px|Flag of Japan]] |- | [[Flag of Jordan|Flag of]] [[Jordan]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Jordan flag large.png|125px|Flag of Jordan]] |} ==K== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Kazakhstan|Flag of]] [[Kazakhstan]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag_of_Kazakhstan.png|125px|Flag of Kazakhstan]] |- | [[Flag of Kenya|Flag of]] [[Kenya]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Kenya flag large.png|125px|Flag of Kenya]] |- | [[Flag of Kiribati|Flag of]] [[Kiribati]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Kiribati flag large.png|125px|Flag of Kiribati]] |- | [[Flag of North Korea|Flag of]] [[North Korea]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:North korea flag large.png|125px|Flag of North Korea]] |- | [[Flag of South Korea|Flag of]] [[South Korea]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:South korea flag large.png|125px|Flag of South Korea]] |- | [[Flag of Kuwait|Flag of]] [[Kuwait]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Kuwait flag large.png|125px|Flag of Kuwait]] |- | [[Flag of Kyrgyzstan|Flag of]] [[Kyrgyzstan]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Kyrgyzstan flag large.png|125px|Flag of Kyrgyzstan]] |} ==L== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Laos|Flag of]] [[Laos]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Laos flag large.png|125px|Flag of Laos]] |- | [[Flag of Latvia|Flag of]] [[Latvia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Latvia flag large.png|125px|Flag of Latvia]] |- | [[Flag of Lebanon|Flag of]] [[Lebanon]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Lebanon flag large.png|125px|Flag of Lebanon]] |- | [[Flag of Lesotho|Flag of]] [[Lesotho]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Lesotho flag large.png|125px|Flag of Lesotho]] |- | [[Flag of Liberia|Flag of]] [[Liberia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Liberia flag large.png|125px|Flag of Liberia]] |- | [[Flag of Libya|Flag of]] [[Libya]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Libya flag large.png|125px|Flag of Libya]] |- | [[Flag of Liechtenstein|Flag of]] [[Liechtenstein]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Liechtenstein flag large.png|125px|Flag of Liechtenstein]] |- | [[Flag of Lithuania|Flag of]] [[Lithuania]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Lithuania flag large.png|125px|Flag of Lithuania]] |- | [[Flag of Luxembourg|Flag of]] [[Luxembourg]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Luxembourg flag large.png|125px|Flag of Luxembourg]] |} ==M== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of the Republic of Macedonia|Flag of the]] [[Republic of Macedonia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Macedonia flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Madagascar|Flag of]] [[Madagascar]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Madagascar flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Malawi|Flag of]] [[Malawi]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Malawi flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Malaysia|Flag of]] [[Malaysia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Malaysia flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Maldives|Flag of]] [[Maldives]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Maldives flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Mali|Flag of]] [[Mali]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Mali flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Malta|Flag of]] [[Malta]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Malta flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of the Marshall Islands|Flag of the]] [[Marshall Islands]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Marshall islands flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Mauritania|Flag of]] [[Mauritania]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag of Mauritania.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Mauritius|Flag of]] [[Mauritius]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Mauritius flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Mexico|Flag of]] [[Mexico]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Bandera-mexico.jpg|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of the Federated States of Micronesia|Flag of the]] [[Federated States of Micronesia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Micronesia flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Moldova|Flag of]] [[Moldova]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Moldova flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Monaco|Flag of]] [[Monaco]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Monaco flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Mongolia|Flag of]] [[Mongolia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag of Mongolia.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Morocco|Flag of]] [[Morocco]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Morocco flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Mozambique|Flag of]] [[Mozambique]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Mozambique flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Myanmar|Flag of]] [[Myanmar]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Myanmar flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==N== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Namibia|Flag of]] [[Namibia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Namibia flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Nauru|Flag of]] [[Nauru]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Nauru flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Nepal|Flag of]] [[Nepal]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Nepal flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of the Netherlands|Flag of the]] [[Netherlands]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Netherlands flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of New Zealand|Flag of]] [[New Zealand]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag of New Zealand.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Nicaragua|Flag of]] [[Nicaragua]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Nicaragua flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Niger|Flag of]] [[Niger]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Niger flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Nigeria|Flag of]] [[Nigeria]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Nigeria flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Norway|Flag of]] [[Norway]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Norway flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==O== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Oman|Flag of]] [[Oman]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Oman flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==P== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Pakistan|Flag of]] [[Pakistan]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Pakistan flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Palau|Flag of]] [[Palau]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Palau flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Panama|Flag of]] [[Panama]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Panama flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Papua New Guinea|Flag of]] [[Papua New Guinea]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Papua new guinea flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Paraguay|Flag of]] [[Paraguay]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Paraguay flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Peru|Flag of]] [[Peru]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Peru flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of the Philippines|Flag of the]] [[Philippines]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Philippines flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Poland|Flag of]] [[Poland]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Poland flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Portugal|Flag of]] [[Portugal]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Portugal flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==Q== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Qatar|Flag of]] [[Qatar]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag of Qatar.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==R== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Romania|Flag of]] [[Romania]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Romania flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Russia|Flag of]] [[Russia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Russia flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Rwanda|Flag of]] [[Rwanda]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Rwanda flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==S== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis|Flag of]] [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:St kitts and nevis flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Saint Lucia|Flag of]] [[Saint Lucia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:St lucia flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines|Flag of]] [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:St vincent grenadines flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Samoa|Flag of]] [[Samoa]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Samoa flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of San Marino|Flag of]] [[San Marino]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:San marino flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of São Tomé and Príncipe|Flag of]] [[São Tomé and Príncipe]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Sao tome and principe flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Saudi Arabia|Flag of]] [[Saudi Arabia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Saudi arabia flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Senegal|Flag of]] [[Senegal]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Senegal flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Serbia and Montenegro|Flag of]] [[Serbia and Montenegro]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Serbia and montenegro flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Seychelles|Flag of]] [[Seychelles]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Seychelles flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Sierra Leone|Flag of]] [[Sierra Leone]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Sierra leone flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Singapore|Flag of]] [[Singapore]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Singapore flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Slovakia|Flag of]] [[Slovakia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Slovakia flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Slovenia|Flag of]] [[Slovenia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Slovenia flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of the Solomon Islands|Flag of the]] [[Solomon Islands]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Solomon islands flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Somalia|Flag of]] [[Somalia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Somalia flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of South Africa|Flag of]] [[South Africa]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:South africa flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Spain|Flag of]] [[Spain]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Spain flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Sri Lanka|Flag of]] [[Sri Lanka]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Sri lanka flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Sudan|Flag of]] [[Sudan]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Sudan flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Suriname|Flag of]] [[Suriname]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Suriname flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Swaziland|Flag of]] [[Swaziland]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Swaziland flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Sweden|Flag of]] [[Sweden]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Sweden flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Switzerland|Flag of]] [[Switzerland]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Switzerland flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Syria|Flag of]] [[Syria]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Syria flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==T== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Tajikistan|Flag of]] [[Tajikistan]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Tajikistan flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of the Republic of China|Flag of]] the [[Republic of China]] (Taiwan) ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:ROC flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Tanzania|Flag of]] [[Tanzania]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Tanzania flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Thailand|Flag of]] [[Thailand]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag of Thailand.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Togo|Flag of]] [[Togo]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Togo flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Tonga|Flag of]] [[Tonga]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Tonga flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Trinidad and Tobago|Flag of]] [[Trinidad and Tobago]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Trinidad and tobago flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Tunisia|Flag of]] [[Tunisia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Tunisia flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Turkey|Flag of]] [[Turkey]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Turkey flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Turkmenistan|Flag of]] [[Turkmenistan]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Turkmenistan flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Tuvalu|Flag of]] [[Tuvalu]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:TV-flag-lg.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==U== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; 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margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Vanuatu|Flag of]] [[Vanuatu]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Vanuatu flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of the Vatican City|Flag of]] [[Vatican City]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag of Vatican City.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Venezuela|Flag of]] [[Venezuela]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Venezuela flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Vietnam|Flag of]] [[Vietnam]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Vietnam flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==W== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Western Sahara|Flag of]] [[Western Sahara]] ([[Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic]])||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Flag of Western Sahara.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==X== ==Y== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Yemen|Flag of]] [[Yemen]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Yemen flag 300.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==Z== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |width="240"| [[Flag of Zambia|Flag of]] [[Zambia]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Zambia flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |- | [[Flag of Zimbabwe|Flag of]] [[Zimbabwe]] ||style="padding: 0px"| [[Image:Zimbabwe flag large.png|125px|Flag of]] |} ==Tála mpé== *[[Molɔngɔ́ ya babɛndɛ́lɛ ]] *[[National Day|List of National Days]] [[de:Liste der Nationalflaggen]] [[el:&#922;&#945;&#964;&#940;&#955;&#959;&#947;&#959;&#962; &#931;&#951;&#956;&#945;&#953;&#974;&#957;]] [[es:Lista de banderas]] [[et:Maailma riikide lipud]] [[ja:&#22269;&#26071;&#12398;&#19968;&#35239;]] [[nl:Vlaggen van de wereld]] [[fr:Drapeaux de toutes les nations]] [[pl:Flagi pa&#324;stw &#347;wiata]] [[pt:Lista de bandeiras]] [[sv:Lista över flaggor]] [[ta:&#2980;&#3015;&#2970;&#3007;&#2991;&#2965;&#3021; &#2965;&#3018;&#2975;&#3007;&#2965;&#2995;&#3007;&#2985;&#3021; &#2986;&#2975;&#3021;&#2975;&#3007;&#2991;&#2994;&#3021;]] [[zh:&#22269;&#26071;&#21015;&#34920;]] [[Category:Molɔngɔ́ ya babɛndɛ́lɛ ya bisé|*]] [[Category:Molɔngɔ́ ya babɛndɛ́lɛ| ]] 6186 2005-09-07T23:17:40Z 70.59.233.24 this is the lingala wp {{Babɛndɛ́lɛ ya bisé}} ==Tála mpé== *[[Molɔngɔ́ ya babɛndɛ́lɛ ]] *[[National Day|List of National Days]] [[de:Liste der Nationalflaggen]] [[el:&#922;&#945;&#964;&#940;&#955;&#959;&#947;&#959;&#962; &#931;&#951;&#956;&#945;&#953;&#974;&#957;]] [[es:Lista de banderas]] [[et:Maailma riikide lipud]] [[ja:&#22269;&#26071;&#12398;&#19968;&#35239;]] [[nl:Vlaggen van de wereld]] [[fr:Drapeaux de toutes les nations]] [[pl:Flagi pa&#324;stw &#347;wiata]] [[pt:Lista de bandeiras]] [[sv:Lista över flaggor]] [[ta:&#2980;&#3015;&#2970;&#3007;&#2991;&#2965;&#3021; &#2965;&#3018;&#2975;&#3007;&#2965;&#2995;&#3007;&#2985;&#3021; &#2986;&#2975;&#3021;&#2975;&#3007;&#2991;&#2994;&#3021;]] [[zh:&#22269;&#26071;&#21015;&#34920;]] [[Category:Molɔngɔ́ ya babɛndɛ́lɛ ya bisé|*]] [[Category:Molɔngɔ́ ya babɛndɛ́lɛ| ]] User:Themalau 1669 5578 2005-07-24T01:18:26Z Themalau 22 {{babel-4|ln-1|fr|en-1|es-2}}, 5579 2005-07-24T01:19:23Z Themalau 22 {{babel-4|ln-3|fr|en-3|es-1}}, 7396 2005-12-20T07:34:06Z 24.90.121.212 {{babel-4|ln-3|fr|en-3|es-1}}, [[en:User:Themalau]] [[fr:User:Themalau]] Template:M 1670 5580 2005-07-24T10:35:53Z 199.8.238.219 [[Template:{{{1}}}|<nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{{1}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki>]] Template:Accès langue 1671 5581 2005-07-24T10:38:24Z 199.8.238.219 [[#ancrage {{{1}}}|'''{{{1}}}''']]&nbsp;({{{2}}})&nbsp;· Template:User es-1 1672 5582 2005-07-24T10:45:51Z 199.8.238.219 <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''es-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Este usuario puede contribuir con un nivel '''[[:Category:User es-1|básico]]''' de '''[[:Category:User es|español]]'''. [[Category:User es|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:User es-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |} </div> 6175 2005-09-07T11:36:11Z Bombo 12 <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Lispanyola|es-1]]''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Este usuario puede contribuir con un nivel '''[[:Category:User es-1|básico]]''' de '''[[:Category:User es|español]]'''. [[Category:User es|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:User es-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |} </div> 6176 2005-09-07T11:36:32Z Bombo 12 <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Lispanyola|es]]-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Este usuario puede contribuir con un nivel '''[[:Category:User es-1|básico]]''' de '''[[:Category:User es|español]]'''. [[Category:User es|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:User es-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |} </div> Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ 1673 5584 2005-07-24T11:43:15Z Themalau 22 [[af:Verenigde Koninkryk]] [[ar:مملكة متحدة]] [[bg:Обединено кралство]] [[br:Rouantelezh Unanet]] [[ca:Regne Unit de la Gran Bretanya i Irlanda del Nord]] [[cs:Velká Británie]] [[cy:Y Deyrnas Unedig]] [[da:Det Forenede Kongerige]] [[de:Großbritannien und Nordirland]] [[et:Suurbritannia]] [[el:Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο]] [[en:United Kingdom]] [[es:Reino Unido]] [[eo:Unuigita Reĝlando de Britio kaj Nord-Irlando]] [[ga:An Ríocht Aontaithe]] [[gl:Reino Unido]] [[ko:영국]] [[id:Britania Raya]] [[ia:Regno Unite]] [[it:Regno Unito]] [[he:הממלכה המאוחדת]] [[la:Regnum Unitum]] [[lt:Jungtinė Karalystė]] [[ms:United Kingdom]] [[nl:Verenigd Koninkrijk]] [[ja:イギリス]] [[no:Storbritannia]] [[oc:Reialme Unit]] [[nds:Groot Britannien]] [[pl:Wielka Brytania]] [[pt:Reino Unido]] [[ro:Regatul Unit]] [[rm:Reginavel Unì da la Gronda Britannia ed Irlanda dal Nord]] [[ru:Великобритания]] [[simple:United Kingdom]] [[sl:Združeno kraljestvo]] [[fi:Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta]] [[sv:Storbritannien]][[tl:Nagkakaisang Kaharian]] [[ur:برطانیہ]] [[vi:Liên hiệp Vương quốc Anh và Bắc Ai-len]] [[zh-cn:英国]] [[zh-tw:英國]] [[zh-min-nan:Li&#226;n-ha&#781;p &#212;ng-kok]] {{voir homonymes}} {|border="1" align="right" width="300px" cellpadding="5" style="text-align:center;border-collapse:collapse;margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1em;" |+style="margin-bottom: 0.5em" | <font size="+1">Royaume-Uni<br /> de Grande-Bretagne<br /> et d'Irlande du Nord</font> [[#Noms officiels|*]] |----- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |----- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Uk_flag_medium.png]] | align="center" width="140px" | [[Image:Britcoat2.jpg]] |----- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[drapeau du Royaume-Uni|détail]]) | align="center" width="140px" | ([[armes royales du Royaume-Uni|agrandissement]]) |} |----- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | <font size="-1">''[[Devise nationale|Devise royale]]: Dieu Et Mon Droit''</font> |----- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[image:royaume-uni-de-grande-bretagne-et-d-irlande-du-nord-localisation.png|Localisation du Royaume-Uni]] |----- | [[Langue]] officielle | Aucune. [[anglais]] ''de facto'' ; égal avec l'[[écossais]] en [[Écosse]] et le [[gallois]] au [[pays de Galles]] |----- | [[Capitale]] || [[Londres]] |----- | [[Monarques de Grande-Bretagne|Reine]] | [[Élisabeth II du Royaume-Uni|Élisabeth II]] |----- | [[Premiers ministres du Royaume-Uni|Premier ministre]] | [[Tony Blair]] |----- | [[Superficie]]<br />&nbsp;- Totale <br />&nbsp;- % eau | [[Liste des pays par superficie|Classé 77{{e}}]]<br />244 101 [[kilomètre carré|km²]]<br />1,3 % |----- | [[Population]]<br />&nbsp;- Total ([[2003]])<br />&nbsp;- [[Densité de population|Densité]] | [[Liste des pays par population|Classé 20{{e}}]]<br />59 553 800 habitants<br />244 hab./km² |----- | [[Indépendance]] || Formé en [[1801]] |----- | [[Monnaie]] || [[Livre sterling]] |----- | [[Fuseau horaire]] | [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]], été : UTC +1 |----- | [[Hymne national]] || [[God Save the Queen]] (de fait) |----- | [[Internet TLD|Domaine Internet]] || .uk |----- | [[Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays|Indicatif téléphonique]] | 44 |} Le '''Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord''' est un État indépendant d'[[Europe]] composé de la [[Grande-Bretagne]] ([[Angleterre]], [[Écosse]], [[Pays de Galles]]), de l'[[Irlande du Nord]] ainsi que de territoires d'outre-mer. Souvent appelé de façon simplifiée '''Royaume-Uni''', la plupart de son territoire est situé à proximité de la côte nord-ouest de l'Europe continentale et est entouré par la [[mer du Nord]], la [[Manche (mer)|Manche]] et l'[[océan Atlantique]]. Nota : Il ne faut pas confondre le Royaume-Uni avec l'Angleterre, l'un des pays qui le constituent, ni avec la Grande-Bretagne, l'île principale. Ni l'[[île de Man]], ni les bailliages de [[Jersey]] et de [[Guernesey]] ne font partie du Royaume-Uni ; ce sont des dépendances de la [[Couronne britannique]]. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire du Royaume-Uni]]'' * Liste des [[Monarques de Grande-Bretagne|monarques]] * [[Premiers ministres du Royaume-Uni|Liste des premiers ministres]] == Politique == ''Article détaillé : [[Politique du Royaume-Uni]]'' Le Royaume-Uni est, comme son nom l'indique, un royaume, mais le pouvoir du monarque (actuellement la reine [[Élisabeth II du Royaume-Uni|Élisabeth II]]) est ''de facto'' entièrement cérémonial. Le [[Premier ministre]], actuellement [[Tony Blair]], possède de nombreux pouvoirs. Le Royaume-Uni est membre de l'[[Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique Nord|OTAN]], de l'[[Union européenne]]. Il est également membre permanent du [[Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies]]. De plus, ce pays dispose de la [[arme nucléaire|dissuasion nucléaire]]. Début avril 2005 et sur proposition du [[Premiers ministres du Royaume-Uni|Premier ministre]], la reine a décidé de dissoudre la [[Chambre des Communes]] et de provoquer des élections anticipées pour le [[5 mai]] [[2005]]. Le ''New Labour'' a remporté ces élections et Tony Blair obtient son troisième mandat consécutif au poste de premier ministre. <br clear="all"/> == Subdivisions == ''Article détaillé : [[Subdivisions du Royaume-Uni]]'' {{UK}} == Géographie == ''Article détaillé: [[Géographie du Royaume-Uni]]'' * [[Villes du Royaume-Uni]] * [[Liste de points extrêmes du Royaume-Uni]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie du Royaume-Uni]]'' == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[Démographie du Royaume-Uni]]'' [[Image:United-Kingdom-demography.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] == Culture == ''Article détaillé : [[Culture du Royaume-Uni]]'' Les [[langue régionale|langues régionales]] reconnues sont : * le [[cornique]] (en [[Cornouailles]]) * l'[[écossais]] (en Écosse) * le [[gallois]] (au Pays de Galles) * l'[[irlandais]] (en Irlande du Nord) * le [[scots]] (en Écosse) * le scots d'[[Ulster]] (en Irlande du Nord) Les administrations locales sont aussi libres de se servir de langues d'immigrés ou d'autres langues selon leur choix et la démographie de leur circonscription. * [[Littérature anglaise]] * Premier pays à émettre des [[timbre postal|timbres postaux]] en [[1840]] avec le [[Penny Black]]. {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! Nom français !! Nom local !! Remarques |- | {{1er janvier}} | Jour de l'an || New Year's Day | Le premier jour de la nouvelle année est férié partout |- {{ligne grise}} | [[2 janvier]] || Second jour de l'an | January 2nd Holiday | Le second jour de la nouvelle année est férié en Écosse seulement |----- | [[17 mars]] || [[Saint Patrick|St Patrick]] || St Patrick's Day | Jour férié en Irlande du nord seulement |- {{ligne grise}} | [[Pâques]] est le premier dimanche qui suit la première pleine Lune de Printemps.<br /> Vendredi avant le Dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | [[Vendredi saint]] || Good Friday | Crucifixion de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |----- | [[Lundi]] suivant le dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | Lundi de [[Pâques]] || Easter Monday | Résurrection de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] (pas en Écosse) |- {{ligne grise}} | Premier lundi de mai || 1{{er}} mai | May Day | Traditionnellement [[1er mai|1{{er}} mai]] |----- | Dernier lundi de mai ou premier lundi de juin | Jour férié du printemps || Spring Bank Holiday | Traditionnellement Pentecôte |- {{ligne grise}} | [[12 juillet]] || [[Bataille de la Boyne]] | Battle of the Boyne / Orangemen's Holiday | Jour férié pour l'[[Ordre Orange]] (en Irlande du nord seulement) |----- | Premier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (en Écosse seulement) |- {{ligne grise}} | Dernier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (pas en Écosse) |----- | [[25 décembre]] || [[Noël]] || Christmas Day | Naissance de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |- {{ligne grise}} | [[26 décembre]] || [[Lendemain de Noël]] | Boxing Day || |} == Divers == * fait partie de l'[[Anglosphère]] == Noms officiels == *United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ([[anglais]]) La [[Charte européenne des langues régionales ou minoritaires]] reconnaît le [[gallois]], l'[[écossais]], l'[[irlandais]], le [[cornique]] et le [[scots]] comme langues régionales du Royaume-Uni respectivement nommé ainsi : *Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon ([[gallois]]) *An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath ([[écossais]]) *Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann ([[irlandais]]) *An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh ([[cornique]]) *Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland ([[scots]]) == Voir aussi == {{commons|Category:United Kingdom|le Royaume-Uni}} {{wikitravel|les Royaume-Uni|Royaume-Uni}} === [[Wikipédia:Liens externes|Liens externes]] === * {{en}} [http://www.ukonline.gov.uk/ Portail de l'administration britannique] * {{en}} [http://www.parliament.uk Parlement du Royaume-Uni] * {{fr}} [http://fr.jurispedia.org/index.php/Royaume-Uni_de_Grande-Bretagne_et_d%27Irlande_du_Nord Le droit du Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord (Jurispedia)] {{Pays d'Europe (UE)}} [[catégorie:Royaume-Uni|*]] 5585 2005-07-24T11:50:50Z Themalau 22 [[af:Verenigde Koninkryk]] [[ar:مملكة متحدة]] [[bg:Обединено кралство]] [[br:Rouantelezh Unanet]] [[ca:Regne Unit de la Gran Bretanya i Irlanda del Nord]] [[cs:Velká Británie]] [[cy:Y Deyrnas Unedig]] [[da:Det Forenede Kongerige]] [[de:Großbritannien und Nordirland]] [[et:Suurbritannia]] [[el:Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο]] [[en:United Kingdom]] [[es:Reino Unido]] [[eo:Unuigita Reĝlando de Britio kaj Nord-Irlando]] [[ga:An Ríocht Aontaithe]] [[gl:Reino Unido]] [[ko:영국]] [[id:Britania Raya]] [[ia:Regno Unite]] [[it:Regno Unito]] [[he:הממלכה המאוחדת]] [[la:Regnum Unitum]] [[lt:Jungtinė Karalystė]] [[ms:United Kingdom]] [[nl:Verenigd Koninkrijk]] [[ja:イギリス]] [[no:Storbritannia]] [[oc:Reialme Unit]] [[nds:Groot Britannien]] [[pl:Wielka Brytania]] [[pt:Reino Unido]] [[ro:Regatul Unit]] [[rm:Reginavel Unì da la Gronda Britannia ed Irlanda dal Nord]] [[ru:Великобритания]] [[simple:United Kingdom]] [[sl:Združeno kraljestvo]] [[fi:Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta]] [[sv:Storbritannien]][[tl:Nagkakaisang Kaharian]] [[ur:برطانیہ]] [[vi:Liên hiệp Vương quốc Anh và Bắc Ai-len]] [[zh-cn:英国]] [[zh-tw:英國]] [[zh-min-nan:Li&#226;n-ha&#781;p &#212;ng-kok]] {{voir homonymes}} {Infobox_Country| native_name = United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | common_name = the United Kingdom | image_flag = uk flag large.png | image_coat = UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png | image_map = LocationUnitedKingdom.png | national_motto = [[Dieu et mon droit]] (Royal motto)<br>([[French language|French]]: God and my right)''<sup>2</sup></small> | national_anthem = [[God Save the Queen]]<sup>3</sup> | official_languages = [[Languages in the United Kingdom|None]]; [[English language|English]] ''[[de facto]]'' <sup>4</sup> | capital = [[London]] | latd=51|latm=30|latNS=N|longd=0|longm=7|longEW=W| largest_city = [[London]] | government_type = [[Constitutional monarchy]] | leader_titles = [[British monarchy|Queen]]<br>[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] | leader_names = [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Elizabeth II]]<br>[[Tony Blair]] | area_rank = 77th | area_magnitude = 1 E11 | area = 244,820 | percent_water = 1.3% | population_estimate_year = July 2003 | population_estimate = 59,553,800 <sup>6</sup>| population_estimate_rank = 22nd | population_census = 58,789,194 | population_census_year = 2001 | population_density = 246.5 | population_density_rank = 49th | GDP_PPP_year = 2005 | GDP_PPP = $1,825,837 million | GDP_PPP_rank = 6th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,658 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 15th | sovereignty_type = [[Act of Union 1800|Establishment]] | established_events = | established_dates = 1801<sup>5</sup>| currency = [[Pound Sterling|British pound]] (&pound;) | currency_code = GBP | time_zone = [[GMT]] | utc_offset = +0 | time_zone_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | cctld= [[.uk]]<sup>7</sup> | calling_code = 44 | footnotes = <sup>1</sup>In the UK, [[Languages in the United Kingdom|some other language]]s have been officially recognised as legitimate [[autochthonous language|autochthonous]] [[regional language|(regional) languages]] under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]]. In each of these, the UK's official name is as follows: *[[Welsh language|Welsh]]: ''Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon'' *<small>[[Scottish Gaelic]]: ''An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath'' *<small>[[Irish language|Irish]]: ''Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Tuaisceart na hÉireann'' *<small>[[Cornish language|Cornish]]: ''An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh'' *<small>[[Scots language|Lowland Scots]]: ''Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland''<br/> <small><sup>2</sup> The Royal motto in Scotland is ''Nemo Me Impune Lacessit'' ([[Latin]]: "No-one harms me with impunity").<br><sup>3</sup> Unofficial.<br><sup>4</sup> Officially recognised regional languages:<br>in [[Wales]]: [[Welsh language|Welsh]]; and in [[Scotland]]: [[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic]] since 2004 Act.<br><sup>5</sup> Formed as ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland''. Name changed to the ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'' in 1927.<br><sup>6</sup> Official estimate provided by the UK [[Office for National Statistics]]. As of April 2005, the July 2004 estimates were not yet available.<br><sup>7</sup> [[ISO 3166-1]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is unused}} Le '''Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord''' est un État indépendant d'[[Europe]] composé de la [[Grande-Bretagne]] ([[Angleterre]], [[Écosse]], [[Pays de Galles]]), de l'[[Irlande du Nord]] ainsi que de territoires d'outre-mer. Souvent appelé de façon simplifiée '''Royaume-Uni''', la plupart de son territoire est situé à proximité de la côte nord-ouest de l'Europe continentale et est entouré par la [[mer du Nord]], la [[Manche (mer)|Manche]] et l'[[océan Atlantique]]. Nota : Il ne faut pas confondre le Royaume-Uni avec l'Angleterre, l'un des pays qui le constituent, ni avec la Grande-Bretagne, l'île principale. Ni l'[[île de Man]], ni les bailliages de [[Jersey]] et de [[Guernesey]] ne font partie du Royaume-Uni ; ce sont des dépendances de la [[Couronne britannique]]. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire du Royaume-Uni]]'' * Liste des [[Monarques de Grande-Bretagne|monarques]] * [[Premiers ministres du Royaume-Uni|Liste des premiers ministres]] == Politique == ''Article détaillé : [[Politique du Royaume-Uni]]'' Le Royaume-Uni est, comme son nom l'indique, un royaume, mais le pouvoir du monarque (actuellement la reine [[Élisabeth II du Royaume-Uni|Élisabeth II]]) est ''de facto'' entièrement cérémonial. Le [[Premier ministre]], actuellement [[Tony Blair]], possède de nombreux pouvoirs. Le Royaume-Uni est membre de l'[[Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique Nord|OTAN]], de l'[[Union européenne]]. Il est également membre permanent du [[Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies]]. De plus, ce pays dispose de la [[arme nucléaire|dissuasion nucléaire]]. Début avril 2005 et sur proposition du [[Premiers ministres du Royaume-Uni|Premier ministre]], la reine a décidé de dissoudre la [[Chambre des Communes]] et de provoquer des élections anticipées pour le [[5 mai]] [[2005]]. Le ''New Labour'' a remporté ces élections et Tony Blair obtient son troisième mandat consécutif au poste de premier ministre. <br clear="all"/> == Subdivisions == ''Article détaillé : [[Subdivisions du Royaume-Uni]]'' {{UK}} == Géographie == ''Article détaillé: [[Géographie du Royaume-Uni]]'' * [[Villes du Royaume-Uni]] * [[Liste de points extrêmes du Royaume-Uni]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie du Royaume-Uni]]'' == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[Démographie du Royaume-Uni]]'' [[Image:United-Kingdom-demography.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] == Culture == ''Article détaillé : [[Culture du Royaume-Uni]]'' Les [[langue régionale|langues régionales]] reconnues sont : * le [[cornique]] (en [[Cornouailles]]) * l'[[écossais]] (en Écosse) * le [[gallois]] (au Pays de Galles) * l'[[irlandais]] (en Irlande du Nord) * le [[scots]] (en Écosse) * le scots d'[[Ulster]] (en Irlande du Nord) Les administrations locales sont aussi libres de se servir de langues d'immigrés ou d'autres langues selon leur choix et la démographie de leur circonscription. * [[Littérature anglaise]] * Premier pays à émettre des [[timbre postal|timbres postaux]] en [[1840]] avec le [[Penny Black]]. {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! Nom français !! Nom local !! Remarques |- | {{1er janvier}} | Jour de l'an || New Year's Day | Le premier jour de la nouvelle année est férié partout |- {{ligne grise}} | [[2 janvier]] || Second jour de l'an | January 2nd Holiday | Le second jour de la nouvelle année est férié en Écosse seulement |----- | [[17 mars]] || [[Saint Patrick|St Patrick]] || St Patrick's Day | Jour férié en Irlande du nord seulement |- {{ligne grise}} | [[Pâques]] est le premier dimanche qui suit la première pleine Lune de Printemps.<br /> Vendredi avant le Dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | [[Vendredi saint]] || Good Friday | Crucifixion de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |----- | [[Lundi]] suivant le dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | Lundi de [[Pâques]] || Easter Monday | Résurrection de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] (pas en Écosse) |- {{ligne grise}} | Premier lundi de mai || 1{{er}} mai | May Day | Traditionnellement [[1er mai|1{{er}} mai]] |----- | Dernier lundi de mai ou premier lundi de juin | Jour férié du printemps || Spring Bank Holiday | Traditionnellement Pentecôte |- {{ligne grise}} | [[12 juillet]] || [[Bataille de la Boyne]] | Battle of the Boyne / Orangemen's Holiday | Jour férié pour l'[[Ordre Orange]] (en Irlande du nord seulement) |----- | Premier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (en Écosse seulement) |- {{ligne grise}} | Dernier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (pas en Écosse) |----- | [[25 décembre]] || [[Noël]] || Christmas Day | Naissance de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |- {{ligne grise}} | [[26 décembre]] || [[Lendemain de Noël]] | Boxing Day || |} == Divers == * fait partie de l'[[Anglosphère]] == Noms officiels == *United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ([[anglais]]) La [[Charte européenne des langues régionales ou minoritaires]] reconnaît le [[gallois]], l'[[écossais]], l'[[irlandais]], le [[cornique]] et le [[scots]] comme langues régionales du Royaume-Uni respectivement nommé ainsi : *Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon ([[gallois]]) *An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath ([[écossais]]) *Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann ([[irlandais]]) *An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh ([[cornique]]) *Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland ([[scots]]) == Voir aussi == {{commons|Category:United Kingdom|le Royaume-Uni}} {{wikitravel|les Royaume-Uni|Royaume-Uni}} === [[Wikipédia:Liens externes|Liens externes]] === * {{en}} [http://www.ukonline.gov.uk/ Portail de l'administration britannique] * {{en}} [http://www.parliament.uk Parlement du Royaume-Uni] * {{fr}} [http://fr.jurispedia.org/index.php/Royaume-Uni_de_Grande-Bretagne_et_d%27Irlande_du_Nord Le droit du Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord (Jurispedia)] {{Pays d'Europe (UE)}} [[catégorie:Royaume-Uni|*]] 5586 2005-07-24T11:51:11Z Themalau 22 [[af:Verenigde Koninkryk]] [[ar:مملكة متحدة]] [[bg:Обединено кралство]] [[br:Rouantelezh Unanet]] [[ca:Regne Unit de la Gran Bretanya i Irlanda del Nord]] [[cs:Velká Británie]] [[cy:Y Deyrnas Unedig]] [[da:Det Forenede Kongerige]] [[de:Großbritannien und Nordirland]] [[et:Suurbritannia]] [[el:Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο]] [[en:United Kingdom]] [[es:Reino Unido]] [[eo:Unuigita Reĝlando de Britio kaj Nord-Irlando]] [[ga:An Ríocht Aontaithe]] [[gl:Reino Unido]] [[ko:영국]] [[id:Britania Raya]] [[ia:Regno Unite]] [[it:Regno Unito]] [[he:הממלכה המאוחדת]] [[la:Regnum Unitum]] [[lt:Jungtinė Karalystė]] [[ms:United Kingdom]] [[nl:Verenigd Koninkrijk]] [[ja:イギリス]] [[no:Storbritannia]] [[oc:Reialme Unit]] [[nds:Groot Britannien]] [[pl:Wielka Brytania]] [[pt:Reino Unido]] [[ro:Regatul Unit]] [[rm:Reginavel Unì da la Gronda Britannia ed Irlanda dal Nord]] [[ru:Великобритания]] [[simple:United Kingdom]] [[sl:Združeno kraljestvo]] [[fi:Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta]] [[sv:Storbritannien]][[tl:Nagkakaisang Kaharian]] [[ur:برطانیہ]] [[vi:Liên hiệp Vương quốc Anh và Bắc Ai-len]] [[zh-cn:英国]] [[zh-tw:英國]] [[zh-min-nan:Li&#226;n-ha&#781;p &#212;ng-kok]] {{voir homonymes}} {{Infobox_Country| native_name = United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | common_name = the United Kingdom | image_flag = uk flag large.png | image_coat = UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png | image_map = LocationUnitedKingdom.png | national_motto = [[Dieu et mon droit]] (Royal motto)<br>([[French language|French]]: God and my right)''<sup>2</sup></small> | national_anthem = [[God Save the Queen]]<sup>3</sup> | official_languages = [[Languages in the United Kingdom|None]]; [[English language|English]] ''[[de facto]]'' <sup>4</sup> | capital = [[London]] | latd=51|latm=30|latNS=N|longd=0|longm=7|longEW=W| largest_city = [[London]] | government_type = [[Constitutional monarchy]] | leader_titles = [[British monarchy|Queen]]<br>[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] | leader_names = [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Elizabeth II]]<br>[[Tony Blair]] | area_rank = 77th | area_magnitude = 1 E11 | area = 244,820 | percent_water = 1.3% | population_estimate_year = July 2003 | population_estimate = 59,553,800 <sup>6</sup>| population_estimate_rank = 22nd | population_census = 58,789,194 | population_census_year = 2001 | population_density = 246.5 | population_density_rank = 49th | GDP_PPP_year = 2005 | GDP_PPP = $1,825,837 million | GDP_PPP_rank = 6th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,658 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 15th | sovereignty_type = [[Act of Union 1800|Establishment]] | established_events = | established_dates = 1801<sup>5</sup>| currency = [[Pound Sterling|British pound]] (&pound;) | currency_code = GBP | time_zone = [[GMT]] | utc_offset = +0 | time_zone_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | cctld= [[.uk]]<sup>7</sup> | calling_code = 44 | footnotes = <sup>1</sup>In the UK, [[Languages in the United Kingdom|some other language]]s have been officially recognised as legitimate [[autochthonous language|autochthonous]] [[regional language|(regional) languages]] under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]]. In each of these, the UK's official name is as follows: *[[Welsh language|Welsh]]: ''Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon'' *<small>[[Scottish Gaelic]]: ''An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath'' *<small>[[Irish language|Irish]]: ''Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Tuaisceart na hÉireann'' *<small>[[Cornish language|Cornish]]: ''An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh'' *<small>[[Scots language|Lowland Scots]]: ''Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland''<br/> <small><sup>2</sup> The Royal motto in Scotland is ''Nemo Me Impune Lacessit'' ([[Latin]]: "No-one harms me with impunity").<br><sup>3</sup> Unofficial.<br><sup>4</sup> Officially recognised regional languages:<br>in [[Wales]]: [[Welsh language|Welsh]]; and in [[Scotland]]: [[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic]] since 2004 Act.<br><sup>5</sup> Formed as ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland''. Name changed to the ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'' in 1927.<br><sup>6</sup> Official estimate provided by the UK [[Office for National Statistics]]. As of April 2005, the July 2004 estimates were not yet available.<br><sup>7</sup> [[ISO 3166-1]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is unused}} Le '''Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord''' est un État indépendant d'[[Europe]] composé de la [[Grande-Bretagne]] ([[Angleterre]], [[Écosse]], [[Pays de Galles]]), de l'[[Irlande du Nord]] ainsi que de territoires d'outre-mer. Souvent appelé de façon simplifiée '''Royaume-Uni''', la plupart de son territoire est situé à proximité de la côte nord-ouest de l'Europe continentale et est entouré par la [[mer du Nord]], la [[Manche (mer)|Manche]] et l'[[océan Atlantique]]. Nota : Il ne faut pas confondre le Royaume-Uni avec l'Angleterre, l'un des pays qui le constituent, ni avec la Grande-Bretagne, l'île principale. Ni l'[[île de Man]], ni les bailliages de [[Jersey]] et de [[Guernesey]] ne font partie du Royaume-Uni ; ce sont des dépendances de la [[Couronne britannique]]. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire du Royaume-Uni]]'' * Liste des [[Monarques de Grande-Bretagne|monarques]] * [[Premiers ministres du Royaume-Uni|Liste des premiers ministres]] == Politique == ''Article détaillé : [[Politique du Royaume-Uni]]'' Le Royaume-Uni est, comme son nom l'indique, un royaume, mais le pouvoir du monarque (actuellement la reine [[Élisabeth II du Royaume-Uni|Élisabeth II]]) est ''de facto'' entièrement cérémonial. Le [[Premier ministre]], actuellement [[Tony Blair]], possède de nombreux pouvoirs. Le Royaume-Uni est membre de l'[[Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique Nord|OTAN]], de l'[[Union européenne]]. Il est également membre permanent du [[Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies]]. De plus, ce pays dispose de la [[arme nucléaire|dissuasion nucléaire]]. Début avril 2005 et sur proposition du [[Premiers ministres du Royaume-Uni|Premier ministre]], la reine a décidé de dissoudre la [[Chambre des Communes]] et de provoquer des élections anticipées pour le [[5 mai]] [[2005]]. Le ''New Labour'' a remporté ces élections et Tony Blair obtient son troisième mandat consécutif au poste de premier ministre. <br clear="all"/> == Subdivisions == ''Article détaillé : [[Subdivisions du Royaume-Uni]]'' {{UK}} == Géographie == ''Article détaillé: [[Géographie du Royaume-Uni]]'' * [[Villes du Royaume-Uni]] * [[Liste de points extrêmes du Royaume-Uni]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie du Royaume-Uni]]'' == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[Démographie du Royaume-Uni]]'' [[Image:United-Kingdom-demography.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] == Culture == ''Article détaillé : [[Culture du Royaume-Uni]]'' Les [[langue régionale|langues régionales]] reconnues sont : * le [[cornique]] (en [[Cornouailles]]) * l'[[écossais]] (en Écosse) * le [[gallois]] (au Pays de Galles) * l'[[irlandais]] (en Irlande du Nord) * le [[scots]] (en Écosse) * le scots d'[[Ulster]] (en Irlande du Nord) Les administrations locales sont aussi libres de se servir de langues d'immigrés ou d'autres langues selon leur choix et la démographie de leur circonscription. * [[Littérature anglaise]] * Premier pays à émettre des [[timbre postal|timbres postaux]] en [[1840]] avec le [[Penny Black]]. {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! Nom français !! Nom local !! Remarques |- | {{1er janvier}} | Jour de l'an || New Year's Day | Le premier jour de la nouvelle année est férié partout |- {{ligne grise}} | [[2 janvier]] || Second jour de l'an | January 2nd Holiday | Le second jour de la nouvelle année est férié en Écosse seulement |----- | [[17 mars]] || [[Saint Patrick|St Patrick]] || St Patrick's Day | Jour férié en Irlande du nord seulement |- {{ligne grise}} | [[Pâques]] est le premier dimanche qui suit la première pleine Lune de Printemps.<br /> Vendredi avant le Dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | [[Vendredi saint]] || Good Friday | Crucifixion de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |----- | [[Lundi]] suivant le dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | Lundi de [[Pâques]] || Easter Monday | Résurrection de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] (pas en Écosse) |- {{ligne grise}} | Premier lundi de mai || 1{{er}} mai | May Day | Traditionnellement [[1er mai|1{{er}} mai]] |----- | Dernier lundi de mai ou premier lundi de juin | Jour férié du printemps || Spring Bank Holiday | Traditionnellement Pentecôte |- {{ligne grise}} | [[12 juillet]] || [[Bataille de la Boyne]] | Battle of the Boyne / Orangemen's Holiday | Jour férié pour l'[[Ordre Orange]] (en Irlande du nord seulement) |----- | Premier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (en Écosse seulement) |- {{ligne grise}} | Dernier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (pas en Écosse) |----- | [[25 décembre]] || [[Noël]] || Christmas Day | Naissance de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |- {{ligne grise}} | [[26 décembre]] || [[Lendemain de Noël]] | Boxing Day || |} == Divers == * fait partie de l'[[Anglosphère]] == Noms officiels == *United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ([[anglais]]) La [[Charte européenne des langues régionales ou minoritaires]] reconnaît le [[gallois]], l'[[écossais]], l'[[irlandais]], le [[cornique]] et le [[scots]] comme langues régionales du Royaume-Uni respectivement nommé ainsi : *Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon ([[gallois]]) *An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath ([[écossais]]) *Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann ([[irlandais]]) *An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh ([[cornique]]) *Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland ([[scots]]) == Voir aussi == {{commons|Category:United Kingdom|le Royaume-Uni}} {{wikitravel|les Royaume-Uni|Royaume-Uni}} === [[Wikipédia:Liens externes|Liens externes]] === * {{en}} [http://www.ukonline.gov.uk/ Portail de l'administration britannique] * {{en}} [http://www.parliament.uk Parlement du Royaume-Uni] * {{fr}} [http://fr.jurispedia.org/index.php/Royaume-Uni_de_Grande-Bretagne_et_d%27Irlande_du_Nord Le droit du Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord (Jurispedia)] {{Pays d'Europe (UE)}} [[catégorie:Royaume-Uni|*]] 5587 2005-07-24T11:55:04Z Themalau 22 [[af:Verenigde Koninkryk]] [[ar:مملكة متحدة]] [[bg:Обединено кралство]] [[br:Rouantelezh Unanet]] [[ca:Regne Unit de la Gran Bretanya i Irlanda del Nord]] [[cs:Velká Británie]] [[cy:Y Deyrnas Unedig]] [[da:Det Forenede Kongerige]] [[de:Großbritannien und Nordirland]] [[et:Suurbritannia]] [[el:Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο]] [[en:United Kingdom]] [[es:Reino Unido]] [[eo:Unuigita Reĝlando de Britio kaj Nord-Irlando]] [[ga:An Ríocht Aontaithe]] [[gl:Reino Unido]] [[ko:영국]] [[id:Britania Raya]] [[ia:Regno Unite]] [[it:Regno Unito]] [[he:הממלכה המאוחדת]] [[la:Regnum Unitum]] [[lt:Jungtinė Karalystė]] [[ms:United Kingdom]] [[nl:Verenigd Koninkrijk]] [[ja:イギリス]] [[no:Storbritannia]] [[oc:Reialme Unit]] [[nds:Groot Britannien]] [[pl:Wielka Brytania]] [[pt:Reino Unido]] [[ro:Regatul Unit]] [[rm:Reginavel Unì da la Gronda Britannia ed Irlanda dal Nord]] [[ru:Великобритания]] [[simple:United Kingdom]] [[sl:Združeno kraljestvo]] [[fi:Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta]] [[sv:Storbritannien]][[tl:Nagkakaisang Kaharian]] [[ur:برطانیہ]] [[vi:Liên hiệp Vương quốc Anh và Bắc Ai-len]] [[zh-cn:英国]] [[zh-tw:英國]] [[zh-min-nan:Li&#226;n-ha&#781;p &#212;ng-kok]] {{voir homonymes}} {{Infobox_country| native_name = United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | common_name = the United Kingdom | image_flag = uk flag large.png | image_coat = UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png | image_map = LocationUnitedKingdom.png | national_motto = [[Dieu et mon droit]] (Royal motto)<br>([[French language|French]]: God and my right)''<sup>2</sup></small> | national_anthem = [[God Save the Queen]]<sup>3</sup> | official_languages = [[Languages in the United Kingdom|None]]; [[English language|English]] ''[[de facto]]'' <sup>4</sup> | capital = [[London]] | latd=51|latm=30|latNS=N|longd=0|longm=7|longEW=W| largest_city = [[London]] | government_type = [[Constitutional monarchy]] | leader_titles = [[British monarchy|Queen]]<br>[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] | leader_names = [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Elizabeth II]]<br>[[Tony Blair]] | area_rank = 77th | area_magnitude = 1 E11 | area = 244,820 | percent_water = 1.3% | population_estimate_year = July 2003 | population_estimate = 59,553,800 <sup>6</sup>| population_estimate_rank = 22nd | population_census = 58,789,194 | population_census_year = 2001 | population_density = 246.5 | population_density_rank = 49th | GDP_PPP_year = 2005 | GDP_PPP = $1,825,837 million | GDP_PPP_rank = 6th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,658 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 15th | sovereignty_type = [[Act of Union 1800|Establishment]] | established_events = | established_dates = 1801<sup>5</sup>| currency = [[Pound Sterling|British pound]] (&pound;) | currency_code = GBP | time_zone = [[GMT]] | utc_offset = +0 | time_zone_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | cctld= [[.uk]]<sup>7</sup> | calling_code = 44 | footnotes = <sup>1</sup>In the UK, [[Languages in the United Kingdom|some other language]]s have been officially recognised as legitimate [[autochthonous language|autochthonous]] [[regional language|(regional) languages]] under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]]. In each of these, the UK's official name is as follows: *[[Welsh language|Welsh]]: ''Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon'' *<small>[[Scottish Gaelic]]: ''An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath'' *<small>[[Irish language|Irish]]: ''Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Tuaisceart na hÉireann'' *<small>[[Cornish language|Cornish]]: ''An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh'' *<small>[[Scots language|Lowland Scots]]: ''Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland''<br/> <small><sup>2</sup> The Royal motto in Scotland is ''Nemo Me Impune Lacessit'' ([[Latin]]: "No-one harms me with impunity").<br><sup>3</sup> Unofficial.<br><sup>4</sup> Officially recognised regional languages:<br>in [[Wales]]: [[Welsh language|Welsh]]; and in [[Scotland]]: [[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic]] since 2004 Act.<br><sup>5</sup> Formed as ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland''. Name changed to the ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'' in 1927.<br><sup>6</sup> Official estimate provided by the UK [[Office for National Statistics]]. As of April 2005, the July 2004 estimates were not yet available.<br><sup>7</sup> [[ISO 3166-1]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is unused}} Le '''Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord''' est un État indépendant d'[[Europe]] composé de la [[Grande-Bretagne]] ([[Angleterre]], [[Écosse]], [[Pays de Galles]]), de l'[[Irlande du Nord]] ainsi que de territoires d'outre-mer. Souvent appelé de façon simplifiée '''Royaume-Uni''', la plupart de son territoire est situé à proximité de la côte nord-ouest de l'Europe continentale et est entouré par la [[mer du Nord]], la [[Manche (mer)|Manche]] et l'[[océan Atlantique]]. Nota : Il ne faut pas confondre le Royaume-Uni avec l'Angleterre, l'un des pays qui le constituent, ni avec la Grande-Bretagne, l'île principale. Ni l'[[île de Man]], ni les bailliages de [[Jersey]] et de [[Guernesey]] ne font partie du Royaume-Uni ; ce sont des dépendances de la [[Couronne britannique]]. == Histoire == ''Article détaillé : [[Histoire du Royaume-Uni]]'' * Liste des [[Monarques de Grande-Bretagne|monarques]] * [[Premiers ministres du Royaume-Uni|Liste des premiers ministres]] == Politique == ''Article détaillé : [[Politique du Royaume-Uni]]'' Le Royaume-Uni est, comme son nom l'indique, un royaume, mais le pouvoir du monarque (actuellement la reine [[Élisabeth II du Royaume-Uni|Élisabeth II]]) est ''de facto'' entièrement cérémonial. Le [[Premier ministre]], actuellement [[Tony Blair]], possède de nombreux pouvoirs. Le Royaume-Uni est membre de l'[[Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique Nord|OTAN]], de l'[[Union européenne]]. Il est également membre permanent du [[Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies]]. De plus, ce pays dispose de la [[arme nucléaire|dissuasion nucléaire]]. Début avril 2005 et sur proposition du [[Premiers ministres du Royaume-Uni|Premier ministre]], la reine a décidé de dissoudre la [[Chambre des Communes]] et de provoquer des élections anticipées pour le [[5 mai]] [[2005]]. Le ''New Labour'' a remporté ces élections et Tony Blair obtient son troisième mandat consécutif au poste de premier ministre. <br clear="all"/> == Subdivisions == ''Article détaillé : [[Subdivisions du Royaume-Uni]]'' {{UK}} == Géographie == ''Article détaillé: [[Géographie du Royaume-Uni]]'' * [[Villes du Royaume-Uni]] * [[Liste de points extrêmes du Royaume-Uni]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie du Royaume-Uni]]'' == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[Démographie du Royaume-Uni]]'' [[Image:United-Kingdom-demography.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] == Culture == ''Article détaillé : [[Culture du Royaume-Uni]]'' Les [[langue régionale|langues régionales]] reconnues sont : * le [[cornique]] (en [[Cornouailles]]) * l'[[écossais]] (en Écosse) * le [[gallois]] (au Pays de Galles) * l'[[irlandais]] (en Irlande du Nord) * le [[scots]] (en Écosse) * le scots d'[[Ulster]] (en Irlande du Nord) Les administrations locales sont aussi libres de se servir de langues d'immigrés ou d'autres langues selon leur choix et la démographie de leur circonscription. * [[Littérature anglaise]] * Premier pays à émettre des [[timbre postal|timbres postaux]] en [[1840]] avec le [[Penny Black]]. {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! Nom français !! Nom local !! Remarques |- | {{1er janvier}} | Jour de l'an || New Year's Day | Le premier jour de la nouvelle année est férié partout |- {{ligne grise}} | [[2 janvier]] || Second jour de l'an | January 2nd Holiday | Le second jour de la nouvelle année est férié en Écosse seulement |----- | [[17 mars]] || [[Saint Patrick|St Patrick]] || St Patrick's Day | Jour férié en Irlande du nord seulement |- {{ligne grise}} | [[Pâques]] est le premier dimanche qui suit la première pleine Lune de Printemps.<br /> Vendredi avant le Dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | [[Vendredi saint]] || Good Friday | Crucifixion de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |----- | [[Lundi]] suivant le dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | Lundi de [[Pâques]] || Easter Monday | Résurrection de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] (pas en Écosse) |- {{ligne grise}} | Premier lundi de mai || 1{{er}} mai | May Day | Traditionnellement [[1er mai|1{{er}} mai]] |----- | Dernier lundi de mai ou premier lundi de juin | Jour férié du printemps || Spring Bank Holiday | Traditionnellement Pentecôte |- {{ligne grise}} | [[12 juillet]] || [[Bataille de la Boyne]] | Battle of the Boyne / Orangemen's Holiday | Jour férié pour l'[[Ordre Orange]] (en Irlande du nord seulement) |----- | Premier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (en Écosse seulement) |- {{ligne grise}} | Dernier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (pas en Écosse) |----- | [[25 décembre]] || [[Noël]] || Christmas Day | Naissance de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |- {{ligne grise}} | [[26 décembre]] || [[Lendemain de Noël]] | Boxing Day || |} == Divers == * fait partie de l'[[Anglosphère]] == Noms officiels == *United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ([[anglais]]) La [[Charte européenne des langues régionales ou minoritaires]] reconnaît le [[gallois]], l'[[écossais]], l'[[irlandais]], le [[cornique]] et le [[scots]] comme langues régionales du Royaume-Uni respectivement nommé ainsi : *Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon ([[gallois]]) *An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath ([[écossais]]) *Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann ([[irlandais]]) *An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh ([[cornique]]) *Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland ([[scots]]) == Voir aussi == {{commons|Category:United Kingdom|le Royaume-Uni}} {{wikitravel|les Royaume-Uni|Royaume-Uni}} === [[Wikipédia:Liens externes|Liens externes]] === * {{en}} [http://www.ukonline.gov.uk/ Portail de l'administration britannique] * {{en}} [http://www.parliament.uk Parlement du Royaume-Uni] * {{fr}} [http://fr.jurispedia.org/index.php/Royaume-Uni_de_Grande-Bretagne_et_d%27Irlande_du_Nord Le droit du Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord (Jurispedia)] {{Pays d'Europe (UE)}} [[catégorie:Royaume-Uni|*]] 5593 2005-07-24T13:38:18Z Themalau 22 [[af:Verenigde Koninkryk]] [[ar:مملكة متحدة]] [[bg:Обединено кралство]] [[br:Rouantelezh Unanet]] [[ca:Regne Unit de la Gran Bretanya i Irlanda del Nord]] [[cs:Velká Británie]] [[cy:Y Deyrnas Unedig]] [[da:Det Forenede Kongerige]] [[de:Großbritannien und Nordirland]] [[et:Suurbritannia]] [[el:Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο]] [[en:United Kingdom]] [[es:Reino Unido]] [[eo:Unuigita Reĝlando de Britio kaj Nord-Irlando]] [[ga:An Ríocht Aontaithe]] [[gl:Reino Unido]] [[ko:영국]] [[id:Britania Raya]] [[ia:Regno Unite]] [[it:Regno Unito]] [[he:הממלכה המאוחדת]] [[la:Regnum Unitum]] [[lt:Jungtinė Karalystė]] [[ms:United Kingdom]] [[nl:Verenigd Koninkrijk]] [[ja:イギリス]] [[no:Storbritannia]] [[oc:Reialme Unit]] [[nds:Groot Britannien]] [[pl:Wielka Brytania]] [[pt:Reino Unido]] [[ro:Regatul Unit]] [[rm:Reginavel Unì da la Gronda Britannia ed Irlanda dal Nord]] [[ru:Великобритания]] [[simple:United Kingdom]] [[sl:Združeno kraljestvo]] [[fi:Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta]] [[sv:Storbritannien]][[tl:Nagkakaisang Kaharian]] [[ur:برطانیہ]] [[vi:Liên hiệp Vương quốc Anh và Bắc Ai-len]] [[zh-cn:英国]] [[zh-tw:英國]] [[zh-min-nan:Li&#226;n-ha&#781;p &#212;ng-kok]] {{voir homonymes}} Le '''Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord''' est un État indépendant d'[[Europe]] composé de la [[Grande-Bretagne]] ([[Angleterre]], [[Écosse]], [[Pays de Galles]]), de l'[[Irlande du Nord]] ainsi que de territoires d'outre-mer. Souvent appelé de façon simplifiée '''Royaume-Uni''', la plupart de son territoire est situé à proximité de la côte nord-ouest de l'Europe continentale et est entouré par la [[mer du Nord]], la [[Manche (mer)|Manche]] et l'[[océan Atlantique]]. Nota : Il ne faut pas confondre le Royaume-Uni avec l'Angleterre, l'un des pays qui le constituent, ni avec la Grande-Bretagne, l'île principale. Ni l'[[île de Man]], ni les bailliages de [[Jersey]] et de [[Guernesey]] ne font partie du Royaume-Uni ; ce sont des dépendances de la [[Couronne britannique]]. {{Infobox_country| native_name = United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | common_name = Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ | image_flag = uk flag large.png | image_coat = UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png | image_map = LocationUnitedKingdom.png | national_motto = [[Dieu et mon droit]] (Royal motto)<br>([[Lifalansé]]: Nzambe nde likokí na ngai)''<sup>2</sup></small> | national_anthem = [[God Save the Queen]]<sup>3</sup> | official_languages = [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|None]]; [[Lingɛlɛsa]] ''[[de facto]]'' <sup>4</sup> | capital = [[London]] | latd=51|latm=30|latNS=N|longd=0|longm=7|longEW=W| largest_city = [[London]] | government_type = [[Constitutional monarchy]] | leader_titles = [[British monarchy|Queen]]<br>[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] | leader_names = [[Elizabeth II ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|Elizabeth II]]<br>[[Tony Blair]] | area_rank = 77th | area_magnitude = 1 E11 | area = 244,820 | percent_water = 1.3% | population_estimate_year = Yuli 2003 | population_estimate = 59,553,800 <sup>6</sup>| population_estimate_rank = 22nd | population_census = 58,789,194 | population_census_year = 2001 | population_density = 246.5 | population_density_rank = 49th | GDP_PPP_year = 2005 | GDP_PPP = $1,825,837 million | GDP_PPP_rank = 6th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,658 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 15th | sovereignty_type = [[Act of Union 1800|Establishment]] | established_events = | established_dates = 1801<sup>5</sup>| currency = [[Pound Sterling|British pound]] (&pound;) | currency_code = GBP | time_zone = [[GMT]] | utc_offset = +0 | time_zone_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | cctld= [[.uk]]<sup>7</sup> | calling_code = 44 | footnotes = <sup>1</sup>In the UK, [[Nkotá ya {{{common_name}}}|some other language]]s have been officially recognised as legitimate [[autochthonous language|autochthonous]] [[regional language|(regional) languages]] under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]]. In each of these, the UK's official name is as follows: *[[Welsh language|Welsh]]: ''Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon'' *<small>[[Gayeliki y'Ekósi]]: ''An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath'' *<small>[[Kirlándi]]: ''Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Tuaisceart na hÉireann'' *<small>[[Cornish language|Cornish]]: ''An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh'' *<small>[[Kiekósi]]: ''Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland''<br/> <small><sup>2</sup> The Royal motto in Scotland is ''Nemo Me Impune Lacessit'' ([[Latin]]: "No-one harms me with impunity").<br><sup>3</sup> Unofficial.<br><sup>4</sup> Officially recognised regional languages:<br>in [[Wales]]: [[Welsh language|Welsh]]; and in [[Scotland]]: [[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic]] since 2004 Act.<br><sup>5</sup> Formed as ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland''. Name changed to the ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'' in 1927.<br><sup>6</sup> Official estimate provided by the UK [[Office for National Statistics]]. As of April 2005, the July 2004 estimates were not yet available.<br><sup>7</sup> [[ISO 3166-1]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is unused}} == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Historia ya {{{common_name}}}]]'' * Liste des [[Monarques de Grande-Bretagne|monarques]] * [[Premiers ministres du Royaume-Uni|Liste des premiers ministres]] == Politique == ''Article détaillé : [[Politique du Royaume-Uni]]'' Le Royaume-Uni est, comme son nom l'indique, un royaume, mais le pouvoir du monarque (actuellement la reine [[Élisabeth II du Royaume-Uni|Élisabeth II]]) est ''de facto'' entièrement cérémonial. Le [[Premier ministre]], actuellement [[Tony Blair]], possède de nombreux pouvoirs. Le Royaume-Uni est membre de l'[[Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique Nord|OTAN]], de l'[[Union européenne]]. Il est également membre permanent du [[Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies]]. De plus, ce pays dispose de la [[arme nucléaire|dissuasion nucléaire]]. Début avril 2005 et sur proposition du [[Premiers ministres du Royaume-Uni|Premier ministre]], la reine a décidé de dissoudre la [[Chambre des Communes]] et de provoquer des élections anticipées pour le [[5 mai]] [[2005]]. Le ''New Labour'' a remporté ces élections et Tony Blair obtient son troisième mandat consécutif au poste de premier ministre. <br clear="all"/> == Subdivisions == ''Article détaillé : [[Subdivisions du Royaume-Uni]]'' {{UK}} == Géographie == ''Article détaillé: [[Géographie du Royaume-Uni]]'' * [[Villes du Royaume-Uni]] * [[Liste de points extrêmes du Royaume-Uni]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie du Royaume-Uni]]'' == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[Démographie du Royaume-Uni]]'' [[Image:United-Kingdom-demography.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] == Culture == ''Article détaillé : [[Culture du Royaume-Uni]]'' Les [[langue régionale|langues régionales]] reconnues sont : * le [[cornique]] (en [[Cornouailles]]) * l'[[écossais]] (en Écosse) * le [[gallois]] (au Pays de Galles) * l'[[irlandais]] (en Irlande du Nord) * le [[scots]] (en Écosse) * le scots d'[[Ulster]] (en Irlande du Nord) Les administrations locales sont aussi libres de se servir de langues d'immigrés ou d'autres langues selon leur choix et la démographie de leur circonscription. * [[Littérature anglaise]] * Premier pays à émettre des [[timbre postal|timbres postaux]] en [[1840]] avec le [[Penny Black]]. {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! Nom français !! Nom local !! Remarques |- | {{1er janvier}} | Jour de l'an || New Year's Day | Le premier jour de la nouvelle année est férié partout |- {{ligne grise}} | [[2 janvier]] || Second jour de l'an | January 2nd Holiday | Le second jour de la nouvelle année est férié en Écosse seulement |----- | [[17 mars]] || [[Saint Patrick|St Patrick]] || St Patrick's Day | Jour férié en Irlande du nord seulement |- {{ligne grise}} | [[Pâques]] est le premier dimanche qui suit la première pleine Lune de Printemps.<br /> Vendredi avant le Dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | [[Vendredi saint]] || Good Friday | Crucifixion de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |----- | [[Lundi]] suivant le dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | Lundi de [[Pâques]] || Easter Monday | Résurrection de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] (pas en Écosse) |- {{ligne grise}} | Premier lundi de mai || 1{{er}} mai | May Day | Traditionnellement [[1er mai|1{{er}} mai]] |----- | Dernier lundi de mai ou premier lundi de juin | Jour férié du printemps || Spring Bank Holiday | Traditionnellement Pentecôte |- {{ligne grise}} | [[12 juillet]] || [[Bataille de la Boyne]] | Battle of the Boyne / Orangemen's Holiday | Jour férié pour l'[[Ordre Orange]] (en Irlande du nord seulement) |----- | Premier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (en Écosse seulement) |- {{ligne grise}} | Dernier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (pas en Écosse) |----- | [[25 décembre]] || [[Noël]] || Christmas Day | Naissance de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |- {{ligne grise}} | [[26 décembre]] || [[Lendemain de Noël]] | Boxing Day || |} == Divers == * fait partie de l'[[Anglosphère]] == Noms officiels == *United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ([[anglais]]) La [[Charte européenne des langues régionales ou minoritaires]] reconnaît le [[gallois]], l'[[écossais]], l'[[irlandais]], le [[cornique]] et le [[scots]] comme langues régionales du Royaume-Uni respectivement nommé ainsi : *Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon ([[gallois]]) *An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath ([[écossais]]) *Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann ([[irlandais]]) *An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh ([[cornique]]) *Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland ([[scots]]) == Voir aussi == {{commons|Category:United Kingdom|le Royaume-Uni}} {{wikitravel|les Royaume-Uni|Royaume-Uni}} === [[Wikipédia:Liens externes|Liens externes]] === * {{en}} [http://www.ukonline.gov.uk/ Portail de l'administration britannique] * {{en}} [http://www.parliament.uk Parlement du Royaume-Uni] * {{fr}} [http://fr.jurispedia.org/index.php/Royaume-Uni_de_Grande-Bretagne_et_d%27Irlande_du_Nord Le droit du Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord (Jurispedia)] {{Pays d'Europe (UE)}} [[catégorie:Royaume-Uni|*]] 5594 2005-07-24T13:40:47Z Themalau 22 [[af:Verenigde Koninkryk]] [[ar:مملكة متحدة]] [[bg:Обединено кралство]] [[br:Rouantelezh Unanet]] [[ca:Regne Unit de la Gran Bretanya i Irlanda del Nord]] [[cs:Velká Británie]] [[cy:Y Deyrnas Unedig]] [[da:Det Forenede Kongerige]] [[de:Großbritannien und Nordirland]] [[et:Suurbritannia]] [[el:Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο]] [[en:United Kingdom]] [[es:Reino Unido]] [[eo:Unuigita Reĝlando de Britio kaj Nord-Irlando]] [[ga:An Ríocht Aontaithe]] [[gl:Reino Unido]] [[ko:영국]] [[id:Britania Raya]] [[ia:Regno Unite]] [[it:Regno Unito]] [[he:הממלכה המאוחדת]] [[la:Regnum Unitum]] [[lt:Jungtinė Karalystė]] [[ms:United Kingdom]] [[nl:Verenigd Koninkrijk]] [[ja:イギリス]] [[no:Storbritannia]] [[oc:Reialme Unit]] [[nds:Groot Britannien]] [[pl:Wielka Brytania]] [[pt:Reino Unido]] [[ro:Regatul Unit]] [[rm:Reginavel Unì da la Gronda Britannia ed Irlanda dal Nord]] [[ru:Великобритания]] [[simple:United Kingdom]] [[sl:Združeno kraljestvo]] [[fi:Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta]] [[sv:Storbritannien]][[tl:Nagkakaisang Kaharian]] [[ur:برطانیہ]] [[vi:Liên hiệp Vương quốc Anh và Bắc Ai-len]] [[zh-cn:英国]] [[zh-tw:英國]] [[zh-min-nan:Li&#226;n-ha&#781;p &#212;ng-kok]] {{voir homonymes}} Le '''Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord''' est un État indépendant d'[[Europe]] composé de la [[Grande-Bretagne]] ([[Angleterre]], [[Écosse]], [[Pays de Galles]]), de l'[[Irlande du Nord]] ainsi que de territoires d'outre-mer. Souvent appelé de façon simplifiée '''Royaume-Uni''', la plupart de son territoire est situé à proximité de la côte nord-ouest de l'Europe continentale et est entouré par la [[mer du Nord]], la [[Manche (mer)|Manche]] et l'[[océan Atlantique]]. Nota : Il ne faut pas confondre le Royaume-Uni avec l'Angleterre, l'un des pays qui le constituent, ni avec la Grande-Bretagne, l'île principale. Ni l'[[île de Man]], ni les bailliages de [[Jersey]] et de [[Guernesey]] ne font partie du Royaume-Uni ; ce sont des dépendances de la [[Couronne britannique]]. {{Infobox_country| native_name = United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | common_name = Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ | image_flag = uk flag large.png | image_coat = UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png | image_map = LocationUnitedKingdom.png | national_motto = [[Dieu et mon droit]] (Royal motto)<br>([[Lifalansé]]: Nzambe nde likokí na ngai)''<sup>2</sup></small> | national_anthem = [[God Save the Queen]]<sup>3</sup> | official_languages = [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|None]]; [[Lingɛlɛsa]] ''[[de facto]]'' <sup>4</sup> | capital = [[London]] | latd=51|latm=30|latNS=N|longd=0|longm=7|longEW=W| largest_city = [[London]] | government_type = [[Constitutional monarchy]] | leader_titles = [[British monarchy|Queen]]<br>[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] | leader_names = [[Elizabeth II ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|Elizabeth II]]<br>[[Tony Blair]] | area_rank = 77th | area_magnitude = 1 E11 | area = 244,820 | percent_water = 1.3% | population_estimate_year = Yuli 2003 | population_estimate = 59,553,800 <sup>6</sup>| population_estimate_rank = 22nd | population_census = 58,789,194 | population_census_year = 2001 | population_density = 246.5 | population_density_rank = 49th | GDP_PPP_year = 2005 | GDP_PPP = $1,825,837 million | GDP_PPP_rank = 6th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,658 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 15th | sovereignty_type = [[Act of Union 1800|Establishment]] | established_events = | established_dates = 1801<sup>5</sup>| currency = [[Pound Sterling|British pound]] (&pound;) | currency_code = GBP | time_zone = [[GMT]] | utc_offset = +0 | time_zone_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | cctld= [[.uk]]<sup>7</sup> | calling_code = 44 | footnotes = <sup>1</sup>In the UK, [[Nkotá ya {{{common_name}}}|some other language]]s have been officially recognised as legitimate [[autochthonous language|autochthonous]] [[regional language|(regional) languages]] under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]]. In each of these, the UK's official name is as follows: *[[Welsh language|Welsh]]: ''Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon'' *<small>[[Gayeliki y'Ekósi]]: ''An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath'' *<small>[[Kirlándi]]: ''Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Tuaisceart na hÉireann'' *<small>[[Cornish language|Cornish]]: ''An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh'' *<small>[[Kiekósi]]: ''Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland''<br/> <small><sup>2</sup> The Royal motto in Scotland is ''Nemo Me Impune Lacessit'' ([[Latin]]: "No-one harms me with impunity").<br><sup>3</sup> Unofficial.<br><sup>4</sup> Officially recognised regional languages:<br>in [[Wales]]: [[Welsh language|Welsh]]; and in [[Scotland]]: [[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic]] since 2004 Act.<br><sup>5</sup> Formed as ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland''. Name changed to the ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'' in 1927.<br><sup>6</sup> Official estimate provided by the UK [[Office for National Statistics]]. As of April 2005, the July 2004 estimates were not yet available.<br><sup>7</sup> [[ISO 3166-1]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is unused}} == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Historia ya {{{1}}}]]'' * Liste des [[Monarques de Grande-Bretagne|monarques]] * [[Premiers ministres du Royaume-Uni|Liste des premiers ministres]] == Politique == ''Article détaillé : [[Politique du Royaume-Uni]]'' Le Royaume-Uni est, comme son nom l'indique, un royaume, mais le pouvoir du monarque (actuellement la reine [[Élisabeth II du Royaume-Uni|Élisabeth II]]) est ''de facto'' entièrement cérémonial. Le [[Premier ministre]], actuellement [[Tony Blair]], possède de nombreux pouvoirs. Le Royaume-Uni est membre de l'[[Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique Nord|OTAN]], de l'[[Union européenne]]. Il est également membre permanent du [[Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies]]. De plus, ce pays dispose de la [[arme nucléaire|dissuasion nucléaire]]. Début avril 2005 et sur proposition du [[Premiers ministres du Royaume-Uni|Premier ministre]], la reine a décidé de dissoudre la [[Chambre des Communes]] et de provoquer des élections anticipées pour le [[5 mai]] [[2005]]. Le ''New Labour'' a remporté ces élections et Tony Blair obtient son troisième mandat consécutif au poste de premier ministre. <br clear="all"/> == Subdivisions == ''Article détaillé : [[Biteni ya {{{1}}}]]'' {{UK}} == Géographie == ''Article détaillé: [[Géographie du Royaume-Uni]]'' * [[Villes du Royaume-Uni]] * [[Liste de points extrêmes du Royaume-Uni]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie du Royaume-Uni]]'' == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[Démographie du Royaume-Uni]]'' [[Image:United-Kingdom-demography.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] == Culture == ''Article détaillé : [[Culture du Royaume-Uni]]'' Les [[langue régionale|langues régionales]] reconnues sont : * le [[cornique]] (en [[Cornouailles]]) * l'[[écossais]] (en Écosse) * le [[gallois]] (au Pays de Galles) * l'[[irlandais]] (en Irlande du Nord) * le [[scots]] (en Écosse) * le scots d'[[Ulster]] (en Irlande du Nord) Les administrations locales sont aussi libres de se servir de langues d'immigrés ou d'autres langues selon leur choix et la démographie de leur circonscription. * [[Littérature anglaise]] * Premier pays à émettre des [[timbre postal|timbres postaux]] en [[1840]] avec le [[Penny Black]]. {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! Nom français !! Nom local !! Remarques |- | {{1er janvier}} | Jour de l'an || New Year's Day | Le premier jour de la nouvelle année est férié partout |- {{ligne grise}} | [[2 janvier]] || Second jour de l'an | January 2nd Holiday | Le second jour de la nouvelle année est férié en Écosse seulement |----- | [[17 mars]] || [[Saint Patrick|St Patrick]] || St Patrick's Day | Jour férié en Irlande du nord seulement |- {{ligne grise}} | [[Pâques]] est le premier dimanche qui suit la première pleine Lune de Printemps.<br /> Vendredi avant le Dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | [[Vendredi saint]] || Good Friday | Crucifixion de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |----- | [[Lundi]] suivant le dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | Lundi de [[Pâques]] || Easter Monday | Résurrection de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] (pas en Écosse) |- {{ligne grise}} | Premier lundi de mai || 1{{er}} mai | May Day | Traditionnellement [[1er mai|1{{er}} mai]] |----- | Dernier lundi de mai ou premier lundi de juin | Jour férié du printemps || Spring Bank Holiday | Traditionnellement Pentecôte |- {{ligne grise}} | [[12 juillet]] || [[Bataille de la Boyne]] | Battle of the Boyne / Orangemen's Holiday | Jour férié pour l'[[Ordre Orange]] (en Irlande du nord seulement) |----- | Premier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (en Écosse seulement) |- {{ligne grise}} | Dernier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (pas en Écosse) |----- | [[25 décembre]] || [[Noël]] || Christmas Day | Naissance de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |- {{ligne grise}} | [[26 décembre]] || [[Lendemain de Noël]] | Boxing Day || |} == Divers == * fait partie de l'[[Anglosphère]] == Noms officiels == *United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ([[anglais]]) La [[Charte européenne des langues régionales ou minoritaires]] reconnaît le [[gallois]], l'[[écossais]], l'[[irlandais]], le [[cornique]] et le [[scots]] comme langues régionales du Royaume-Uni respectivement nommé ainsi : *Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon ([[gallois]]) *An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath ([[écossais]]) *Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann ([[irlandais]]) *An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh ([[cornique]]) *Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland ([[scots]]) == Voir aussi == {{commons|Category:United Kingdom|le Royaume-Uni}} {{wikitravel|les Royaume-Uni|Royaume-Uni}} === [[Wikipédia:Liens externes|Liens externes]] === * {{en}} [http://www.ukonline.gov.uk/ Portail de l'administration britannique] * {{en}} [http://www.parliament.uk Parlement du Royaume-Uni] * {{fr}} [http://fr.jurispedia.org/index.php/Royaume-Uni_de_Grande-Bretagne_et_d%27Irlande_du_Nord Le droit du Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord (Jurispedia)] {{Pays d'Europe (UE)}} [[catégorie:Royaume-Uni|*]] 5595 2005-07-24T13:42:15Z Themalau 22 /* Historia */ [[af:Verenigde Koninkryk]] [[ar:مملكة متحدة]] [[bg:Обединено кралство]] [[br:Rouantelezh Unanet]] [[ca:Regne Unit de la Gran Bretanya i Irlanda del Nord]] [[cs:Velká Británie]] [[cy:Y Deyrnas Unedig]] [[da:Det Forenede Kongerige]] [[de:Großbritannien und Nordirland]] [[et:Suurbritannia]] [[el:Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο]] [[en:United Kingdom]] [[es:Reino Unido]] [[eo:Unuigita Reĝlando de Britio kaj Nord-Irlando]] [[ga:An Ríocht Aontaithe]] [[gl:Reino Unido]] [[ko:영국]] [[id:Britania Raya]] [[ia:Regno Unite]] [[it:Regno Unito]] [[he:הממלכה המאוחדת]] [[la:Regnum Unitum]] [[lt:Jungtinė Karalystė]] [[ms:United Kingdom]] [[nl:Verenigd Koninkrijk]] [[ja:イギリス]] [[no:Storbritannia]] [[oc:Reialme Unit]] [[nds:Groot Britannien]] [[pl:Wielka Brytania]] [[pt:Reino Unido]] [[ro:Regatul Unit]] [[rm:Reginavel Unì da la Gronda Britannia ed Irlanda dal Nord]] [[ru:Великобритания]] [[simple:United Kingdom]] [[sl:Združeno kraljestvo]] [[fi:Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta]] [[sv:Storbritannien]][[tl:Nagkakaisang Kaharian]] [[ur:برطانیہ]] [[vi:Liên hiệp Vương quốc Anh và Bắc Ai-len]] [[zh-cn:英国]] [[zh-tw:英國]] [[zh-min-nan:Li&#226;n-ha&#781;p &#212;ng-kok]] {{voir homonymes}} Le '''Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord''' est un État indépendant d'[[Europe]] composé de la [[Grande-Bretagne]] ([[Angleterre]], [[Écosse]], [[Pays de Galles]]), de l'[[Irlande du Nord]] ainsi que de territoires d'outre-mer. Souvent appelé de façon simplifiée '''Royaume-Uni''', la plupart de son territoire est situé à proximité de la côte nord-ouest de l'Europe continentale et est entouré par la [[mer du Nord]], la [[Manche (mer)|Manche]] et l'[[océan Atlantique]]. Nota : Il ne faut pas confondre le Royaume-Uni avec l'Angleterre, l'un des pays qui le constituent, ni avec la Grande-Bretagne, l'île principale. Ni l'[[île de Man]], ni les bailliages de [[Jersey]] et de [[Guernesey]] ne font partie du Royaume-Uni ; ce sont des dépendances de la [[Couronne britannique]]. {{Infobox_country| native_name = United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | common_name = Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ | image_flag = uk flag large.png | image_coat = UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png | image_map = LocationUnitedKingdom.png | national_motto = [[Dieu et mon droit]] (Royal motto)<br>([[Lifalansé]]: Nzambe nde likokí na ngai)''<sup>2</sup></small> | national_anthem = [[God Save the Queen]]<sup>3</sup> | official_languages = [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|None]]; [[Lingɛlɛsa]] ''[[de facto]]'' <sup>4</sup> | capital = [[London]] | latd=51|latm=30|latNS=N|longd=0|longm=7|longEW=W| largest_city = [[London]] | government_type = [[Constitutional monarchy]] | leader_titles = [[British monarchy|Queen]]<br>[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] | leader_names = [[Elizabeth II ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|Elizabeth II]]<br>[[Tony Blair]] | area_rank = 77th | area_magnitude = 1 E11 | area = 244,820 | percent_water = 1.3% | population_estimate_year = Yuli 2003 | population_estimate = 59,553,800 <sup>6</sup>| population_estimate_rank = 22nd | population_census = 58,789,194 | population_census_year = 2001 | population_density = 246.5 | population_density_rank = 49th | GDP_PPP_year = 2005 | GDP_PPP = $1,825,837 million | GDP_PPP_rank = 6th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,658 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 15th | sovereignty_type = [[Act of Union 1800|Establishment]] | established_events = | established_dates = 1801<sup>5</sup>| currency = [[Pound Sterling|British pound]] (&pound;) | currency_code = GBP | time_zone = [[GMT]] | utc_offset = +0 | time_zone_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | cctld= [[.uk]]<sup>7</sup> | calling_code = 44 | footnotes = <sup>1</sup>In the UK, [[Nkotá ya {{{common_name}}}|some other language]]s have been officially recognised as legitimate [[autochthonous language|autochthonous]] [[regional language|(regional) languages]] under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]]. In each of these, the UK's official name is as follows: *[[Welsh language|Welsh]]: ''Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon'' *<small>[[Gayeliki y'Ekósi]]: ''An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath'' *<small>[[Kirlándi]]: ''Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Tuaisceart na hÉireann'' *<small>[[Cornish language|Cornish]]: ''An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh'' *<small>[[Kiekósi]]: ''Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland''<br/> <small><sup>2</sup> The Royal motto in Scotland is ''Nemo Me Impune Lacessit'' ([[Latin]]: "No-one harms me with impunity").<br><sup>3</sup> Unofficial.<br><sup>4</sup> Officially recognised regional languages:<br>in [[Wales]]: [[Welsh language|Welsh]]; and in [[Scotland]]: [[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic]] since 2004 Act.<br><sup>5</sup> Formed as ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland''. Name changed to the ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'' in 1927.<br><sup>6</sup> Official estimate provided by the UK [[Office for National Statistics]]. As of April 2005, the July 2004 estimates were not yet available.<br><sup>7</sup> [[ISO 3166-1]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is unused}} == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Historia ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]]'' * Liste des [[Monarques de Grande-Bretagne|monarques]] * [[Premiers ministres du Royaume-Uni|Liste des premiers ministres]] == Politique == ''Article détaillé : [[Politique du Royaume-Uni]]'' Le Royaume-Uni est, comme son nom l'indique, un royaume, mais le pouvoir du monarque (actuellement la reine [[Élisabeth II du Royaume-Uni|Élisabeth II]]) est ''de facto'' entièrement cérémonial. Le [[Premier ministre]], actuellement [[Tony Blair]], possède de nombreux pouvoirs. Le Royaume-Uni est membre de l'[[Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique Nord|OTAN]], de l'[[Union européenne]]. Il est également membre permanent du [[Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies]]. De plus, ce pays dispose de la [[arme nucléaire|dissuasion nucléaire]]. Début avril 2005 et sur proposition du [[Premiers ministres du Royaume-Uni|Premier ministre]], la reine a décidé de dissoudre la [[Chambre des Communes]] et de provoquer des élections anticipées pour le [[5 mai]] [[2005]]. Le ''New Labour'' a remporté ces élections et Tony Blair obtient son troisième mandat consécutif au poste de premier ministre. <br clear="all"/> == Subdivisions == ''Article détaillé : [[Biteni ya {{{1}}}]]'' {{UK}} == Géographie == ''Article détaillé: [[Géographie du Royaume-Uni]]'' * [[Villes du Royaume-Uni]] * [[Liste de points extrêmes du Royaume-Uni]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie du Royaume-Uni]]'' == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[Démographie du Royaume-Uni]]'' [[Image:United-Kingdom-demography.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] == Culture == ''Article détaillé : [[Culture du Royaume-Uni]]'' Les [[langue régionale|langues régionales]] reconnues sont : * le [[cornique]] (en [[Cornouailles]]) * l'[[écossais]] (en Écosse) * le [[gallois]] (au Pays de Galles) * l'[[irlandais]] (en Irlande du Nord) * le [[scots]] (en Écosse) * le scots d'[[Ulster]] (en Irlande du Nord) Les administrations locales sont aussi libres de se servir de langues d'immigrés ou d'autres langues selon leur choix et la démographie de leur circonscription. * [[Littérature anglaise]] * Premier pays à émettre des [[timbre postal|timbres postaux]] en [[1840]] avec le [[Penny Black]]. {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! Nom français !! Nom local !! Remarques |- | {{1er janvier}} | Jour de l'an || New Year's Day | Le premier jour de la nouvelle année est férié partout |- {{ligne grise}} | [[2 janvier]] || Second jour de l'an | January 2nd Holiday | Le second jour de la nouvelle année est férié en Écosse seulement |----- | [[17 mars]] || [[Saint Patrick|St Patrick]] || St Patrick's Day | Jour férié en Irlande du nord seulement |- {{ligne grise}} | [[Pâques]] est le premier dimanche qui suit la première pleine Lune de Printemps.<br /> Vendredi avant le Dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | [[Vendredi saint]] || Good Friday | Crucifixion de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |----- | [[Lundi]] suivant le dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | Lundi de [[Pâques]] || Easter Monday | Résurrection de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] (pas en Écosse) |- {{ligne grise}} | Premier lundi de mai || 1{{er}} mai | May Day | Traditionnellement [[1er mai|1{{er}} mai]] |----- | Dernier lundi de mai ou premier lundi de juin | Jour férié du printemps || Spring Bank Holiday | Traditionnellement Pentecôte |- {{ligne grise}} | [[12 juillet]] || [[Bataille de la Boyne]] | Battle of the Boyne / Orangemen's Holiday | Jour férié pour l'[[Ordre Orange]] (en Irlande du nord seulement) |----- | Premier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (en Écosse seulement) |- {{ligne grise}} | Dernier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (pas en Écosse) |----- | [[25 décembre]] || [[Noël]] || Christmas Day | Naissance de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |- {{ligne grise}} | [[26 décembre]] || [[Lendemain de Noël]] | Boxing Day || |} == Divers == * fait partie de l'[[Anglosphère]] == Noms officiels == *United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ([[anglais]]) La [[Charte européenne des langues régionales ou minoritaires]] reconnaît le [[gallois]], l'[[écossais]], l'[[irlandais]], le [[cornique]] et le [[scots]] comme langues régionales du Royaume-Uni respectivement nommé ainsi : *Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon ([[gallois]]) *An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath ([[écossais]]) *Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann ([[irlandais]]) *An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh ([[cornique]]) *Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland ([[scots]]) == Voir aussi == {{commons|Category:United Kingdom|le Royaume-Uni}} {{wikitravel|les Royaume-Uni|Royaume-Uni}} === [[Wikipédia:Liens externes|Liens externes]] === * {{en}} [http://www.ukonline.gov.uk/ Portail de l'administration britannique] * {{en}} [http://www.parliament.uk Parlement du Royaume-Uni] * {{fr}} [http://fr.jurispedia.org/index.php/Royaume-Uni_de_Grande-Bretagne_et_d%27Irlande_du_Nord Le droit du Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord (Jurispedia)] {{Pays d'Europe (UE)}} [[catégorie:Royaume-Uni|*]] 5597 2005-07-24T13:45:20Z Themalau 22 [[af:Verenigde Koninkryk]] [[ar:مملكة متحدة]] [[bg:Обединено кралство]] [[br:Rouantelezh Unanet]] [[ca:Regne Unit de la Gran Bretanya i Irlanda del Nord]] [[cs:Velká Británie]] [[cy:Y Deyrnas Unedig]] [[da:Det Forenede Kongerige]] [[de:Großbritannien und Nordirland]] [[et:Suurbritannia]] [[el:Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο]] [[en:United Kingdom]] [[es:Reino Unido]] [[eo:Unuigita Reĝlando de Britio kaj Nord-Irlando]] [[ga:An Ríocht Aontaithe]] [[gl:Reino Unido]] [[ko:영국]] [[id:Britania Raya]] [[ia:Regno Unite]] [[it:Regno Unito]] [[he:הממלכה המאוחדת]] [[la:Regnum Unitum]] [[lt:Jungtinė Karalystė]] [[ms:United Kingdom]] [[nl:Verenigd Koninkrijk]] [[ja:イギリス]] [[no:Storbritannia]] [[oc:Reialme Unit]] [[nds:Groot Britannien]] [[pl:Wielka Brytania]] [[pt:Reino Unido]] [[ro:Regatul Unit]] [[rm:Reginavel Unì da la Gronda Britannia ed Irlanda dal Nord]] [[ru:Великобритания]] [[simple:United Kingdom]] [[sl:Združeno kraljestvo]] [[fi:Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta]] [[sv:Storbritannien]][[tl:Nagkakaisang Kaharian]] [[ur:برطانیہ]] [[vi:Liên hiệp Vương quốc Anh và Bắc Ai-len]] [[zh-cn:英国]] [[zh-tw:英國]] [[zh-min-nan:Li&#226;n-ha&#781;p &#212;ng-kok]] {{voir homonymes}} Le '''Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord''' est un État indépendant d'[[Europe]] composé de la [[Grande-Bretagne]] ([[Angleterre]], [[Écosse]], [[Pays de Galles]]), de l'[[Irlande du Nord]] ainsi que de territoires d'outre-mer. Souvent appelé de façon simplifiée '''Royaume-Uni''', la plupart de son territoire est situé à proximité de la côte nord-ouest de l'Europe continentale et est entouré par la [[mer du Nord]], la [[Manche (mer)|Manche]] et l'[[océan Atlantique]]. Nota : Il ne faut pas confondre le Royaume-Uni avec l'Angleterre, l'un des pays qui le constituent, ni avec la Grande-Bretagne, l'île principale. Ni l'[[île de Man]], ni les bailliages de [[Jersey]] et de [[Guernesey]] ne font partie du Royaume-Uni ; ce sont des dépendances de la [[Couronne britannique]]. {{Infobox_country| native_name = United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | common_name = Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ | image_flag = uk flag large.png | image_coat = UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png | image_map = LocationUnitedKingdom.png | national_motto = [[Dieu et mon droit]] (Royal motto)<br>([[Lifalansé]]: Nzambe nde likokí na ngai)''<sup>2</sup></small> | national_anthem = [[God Save the Queen]]<sup>3</sup> | official_languages = [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|None]]; [[Lingɛlɛsa]] ''[[de facto]]'' <sup>4</sup> | capital = [[London]] | latd=51|latm=30|latNS=N|longd=0|longm=7|longEW=W| largest_city = [[London]] | government_type = [[Constitutional monarchy]] | leader_titles = [[British monarchy|Queen]]<br>[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] | leader_names = [[Elizabeth II ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|Elizabeth II]]<br>[[Tony Blair]] | area_rank = 77th | area_magnitude = 1 E11 | area = 244,820 | percent_water = 1.3% | population_estimate_year = Yuli 2003 | population_estimate = 59,553,800 <sup>6</sup>| population_estimate_rank = 22nd | population_census = 58,789,194 | population_census_year = 2001 | population_density = 246.5 | population_density_rank = 49th | GDP_PPP_year = 2005 | GDP_PPP = $1,825,837 million | GDP_PPP_rank = 6th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,658 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 15th | sovereignty_type = [[Act of Union 1800|Establishment]] | established_events = | established_dates = 1801<sup>5</sup>| currency = [[Pound Sterling|British pound]] (&pound;) | currency_code = GBP | time_zone = [[GMT]] | utc_offset = +0 | time_zone_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | cctld= [[.uk]]<sup>7</sup> | calling_code = 44 | footnotes = <sup>1</sup>In the UK, [[Nkotá ya {{{1}}}|some other language]]s have been officially recognised as legitimate [[autochthonous language|autochthonous]] [[regional language|(regional) languages]] under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]]. In each of these, the UK's official name is as follows: *<small>[[Welsh language|Welsh]]: ''Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon'' *<small>[[Gayeliki y'Ekósi]]: ''An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath'' *<small>[[Kirlándi]]: ''Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Tuaisceart na hÉireann'' *<small>[[Cornish language|Cornish]]: ''An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh'' *<small>[[Kiekósi]]: ''Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland''<br/> <small><sup>2</sup> The Royal motto in Scotland is ''Nemo Me Impune Lacessit'' ([[Latin]]: "No-one harms me with impunity").<br><sup>3</sup> Unofficial.<br><sup>4</sup> Officially recognised regional languages:<br>in [[Wales]]: [[Welsh language|Welsh]]; and in [[Scotland]]: [[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic]] since 2004 Act.<br><sup>5</sup> Formed as ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland''. Name changed to the ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'' in 1927.<br><sup>6</sup> Official estimate provided by the UK [[Office for National Statistics]]. As of April 2005, the July 2004 estimates were not yet available.<br><sup>7</sup> [[ISO 3166-1]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is unused}} == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Historia ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]]'' * Liste des [[Monarques de Grande-Bretagne|monarques]] * [[Premiers ministres du Royaume-Uni|Liste des premiers ministres]] == Politique == ''Article détaillé : [[Politique du Royaume-Uni]]'' Le Royaume-Uni est, comme son nom l'indique, un royaume, mais le pouvoir du monarque (actuellement la reine [[Élisabeth II du Royaume-Uni|Élisabeth II]]) est ''de facto'' entièrement cérémonial. Le [[Premier ministre]], actuellement [[Tony Blair]], possède de nombreux pouvoirs. Le Royaume-Uni est membre de l'[[Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique Nord|OTAN]], de l'[[Union européenne]]. Il est également membre permanent du [[Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies]]. De plus, ce pays dispose de la [[arme nucléaire|dissuasion nucléaire]]. Début avril 2005 et sur proposition du [[Premiers ministres du Royaume-Uni|Premier ministre]], la reine a décidé de dissoudre la [[Chambre des Communes]] et de provoquer des élections anticipées pour le [[5 mai]] [[2005]]. Le ''New Labour'' a remporté ces élections et Tony Blair obtient son troisième mandat consécutif au poste de premier ministre. <br clear="all"/> == Subdivisions == ''Article détaillé : [[Biteni ya {{{1}}}]]'' {{UK}} == Géographie == ''Article détaillé: [[Géographie du Royaume-Uni]]'' * [[Villes du Royaume-Uni]] * [[Liste de points extrêmes du Royaume-Uni]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie du Royaume-Uni]]'' == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[Démographie du Royaume-Uni]]'' [[Image:United-Kingdom-demography.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] == Culture == ''Article détaillé : [[Culture du Royaume-Uni]]'' Les [[langue régionale|langues régionales]] reconnues sont : * le [[cornique]] (en [[Cornouailles]]) * l'[[écossais]] (en Écosse) * le [[gallois]] (au Pays de Galles) * l'[[irlandais]] (en Irlande du Nord) * le [[scots]] (en Écosse) * le scots d'[[Ulster]] (en Irlande du Nord) Les administrations locales sont aussi libres de se servir de langues d'immigrés ou d'autres langues selon leur choix et la démographie de leur circonscription. * [[Littérature anglaise]] * Premier pays à émettre des [[timbre postal|timbres postaux]] en [[1840]] avec le [[Penny Black]]. {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! Nom français !! Nom local !! Remarques |- | {{1er janvier}} | Jour de l'an || New Year's Day | Le premier jour de la nouvelle année est férié partout |- {{ligne grise}} | [[2 janvier]] || Second jour de l'an | January 2nd Holiday | Le second jour de la nouvelle année est férié en Écosse seulement |----- | [[17 mars]] || [[Saint Patrick|St Patrick]] || St Patrick's Day | Jour férié en Irlande du nord seulement |- {{ligne grise}} | [[Pâques]] est le premier dimanche qui suit la première pleine Lune de Printemps.<br /> Vendredi avant le Dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | [[Vendredi saint]] || Good Friday | Crucifixion de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |----- | [[Lundi]] suivant le dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | Lundi de [[Pâques]] || Easter Monday | Résurrection de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] (pas en Écosse) |- {{ligne grise}} | Premier lundi de mai || 1{{er}} mai | May Day | Traditionnellement [[1er mai|1{{er}} mai]] |----- | Dernier lundi de mai ou premier lundi de juin | Jour férié du printemps || Spring Bank Holiday | Traditionnellement Pentecôte |- {{ligne grise}} | [[12 juillet]] || [[Bataille de la Boyne]] | Battle of the Boyne / Orangemen's Holiday | Jour férié pour l'[[Ordre Orange]] (en Irlande du nord seulement) |----- | Premier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (en Écosse seulement) |- {{ligne grise}} | Dernier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (pas en Écosse) |----- | [[25 décembre]] || [[Noël]] || Christmas Day | Naissance de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |- {{ligne grise}} | [[26 décembre]] || [[Lendemain de Noël]] | Boxing Day || |} == Divers == * fait partie de l'[[Anglosphère]] == Noms officiels == *United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ([[anglais]]) La [[Charte européenne des langues régionales ou minoritaires]] reconnaît le [[gallois]], l'[[écossais]], l'[[irlandais]], le [[cornique]] et le [[scots]] comme langues régionales du Royaume-Uni respectivement nommé ainsi : *Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon ([[gallois]]) *An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath ([[écossais]]) *Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann ([[irlandais]]) *An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh ([[cornique]]) *Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland ([[scots]]) == Voir aussi == {{commons|Category:United Kingdom|le Royaume-Uni}} {{wikitravel|les Royaume-Uni|Royaume-Uni}} === [[Wikipédia:Liens externes|Liens externes]] === * {{en}} [http://www.ukonline.gov.uk/ Portail de l'administration britannique] * {{en}} [http://www.parliament.uk Parlement du Royaume-Uni] * {{fr}} [http://fr.jurispedia.org/index.php/Royaume-Uni_de_Grande-Bretagne_et_d%27Irlande_du_Nord Le droit du Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord (Jurispedia)] {{Pays d'Europe (UE)}} [[catégorie:Royaume-Uni|*]] 5598 2005-07-24T13:46:37Z Themalau 22 [[af:Verenigde Koninkryk]] [[ar:مملكة متحدة]] [[bg:Обединено кралство]] [[br:Rouantelezh Unanet]] [[ca:Regne Unit de la Gran Bretanya i Irlanda del Nord]] [[cs:Velká Británie]] [[cy:Y Deyrnas Unedig]] [[da:Det Forenede Kongerige]] [[de:Großbritannien und Nordirland]] [[et:Suurbritannia]] [[el:Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο]] [[en:United Kingdom]] [[es:Reino Unido]] [[eo:Unuigita Reĝlando de Britio kaj Nord-Irlando]] [[ga:An Ríocht Aontaithe]] [[gl:Reino Unido]] [[ko:영국]] [[id:Britania Raya]] [[ia:Regno Unite]] [[it:Regno Unito]] [[he:הממלכה המאוחדת]] [[la:Regnum Unitum]] [[lt:Jungtinė Karalystė]] [[ms:United Kingdom]] [[nl:Verenigd Koninkrijk]] [[ja:イギリス]] [[no:Storbritannia]] [[oc:Reialme Unit]] [[nds:Groot Britannien]] [[pl:Wielka Brytania]] [[pt:Reino Unido]] [[ro:Regatul Unit]] [[rm:Reginavel Unì da la Gronda Britannia ed Irlanda dal Nord]] [[ru:Великобритания]] [[simple:United Kingdom]] [[sl:Združeno kraljestvo]] [[fi:Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta]] [[sv:Storbritannien]][[tl:Nagkakaisang Kaharian]] [[ur:برطانیہ]] [[vi:Liên hiệp Vương quốc Anh và Bắc Ai-len]] [[zh-cn:英国]] [[zh-tw:英國]] [[zh-min-nan:Li&#226;n-ha&#781;p &#212;ng-kok]] {{voir homonymes}} Le '''Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord''' est un État indépendant d'[[Europe]] composé de la [[Grande-Bretagne]] ([[Angleterre]], [[Écosse]], [[Pays de Galles]]), de l'[[Irlande du Nord]] ainsi que de territoires d'outre-mer. Souvent appelé de façon simplifiée '''Royaume-Uni''', la plupart de son territoire est situé à proximité de la côte nord-ouest de l'Europe continentale et est entouré par la [[mer du Nord]], la [[Manche (mer)|Manche]] et l'[[océan Atlantique]]. Nota : Il ne faut pas confondre le Royaume-Uni avec l'Angleterre, l'un des pays qui le constituent, ni avec la Grande-Bretagne, l'île principale. Ni l'[[île de Man]], ni les bailliages de [[Jersey]] et de [[Guernesey]] ne font partie du Royaume-Uni ; ce sont des dépendances de la [[Couronne britannique]]. {{Infobox_country| native_name = United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | common_name = Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ | image_flag = uk flag large.png | image_coat = UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png | image_map = LocationUnitedKingdom.png | national_motto = [[Dieu et mon droit]] (Royal motto)<br>([[Lifalansé]]: Nzambe nde likokí na ngai)''<sup>2</sup></small> | national_anthem = [[God Save the Queen]]<sup>3</sup> | official_languages = [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|None]]; [[Lingɛlɛsa]] ''[[de facto]]'' <sup>4</sup> | capital = [[London]] | latd=51|latm=30|latNS=N|longd=0|longm=7|longEW=W| largest_city = [[London]] | government_type = [[Constitutional monarchy]] | leader_titles = [[British monarchy|Queen]]<br>[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] | leader_names = [[Elizabeth II ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|Elizabeth II]]<br>[[Tony Blair]] | area_rank = 77th | area_magnitude = 1 E11 | area = 244,820 | percent_water = 1.3% | population_estimate_year = Yuli 2003 | population_estimate = 59,553,800 <sup>6</sup>| population_estimate_rank = 22nd | population_census = 58,789,194 | population_census_year = 2001 | population_density = 246.5 | population_density_rank = 49th | GDP_PPP_year = 2005 | GDP_PPP = $1,825,837 million | GDP_PPP_rank = 6th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,658 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 15th | sovereignty_type = [[Act of Union 1800|Establishment]] | established_events = | established_dates = 1801<sup>5</sup>| currency = [[Pound Sterling|British pound]] (&pound;) | currency_code = GBP | time_zone = [[GMT]] | utc_offset = +0 | time_zone_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | cctld= [[.uk]]<sup>7</sup> | calling_code = 44 | footnotes = <sup>1</sup>In the UK, [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|some other language]]s have been officially recognised as legitimate [[autochthonous language|autochthonous]] [[regional language|(regional) languages]] under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]]. In each of these, the UK's official name is as follows: *<small>[[Welsh language|Welsh]]: ''Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon'' *<small>[[Gayeliki y'Ekósi]]: ''An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath'' *<small>[[Kirlándi]]: ''Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Tuaisceart na hÉireann'' *<small>[[Cornish language|Cornish]]: ''An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh'' *<small>[[Kiekósi]]: ''Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland''<br/> <small><sup>2</sup> The Royal motto in Scotland is ''Nemo Me Impune Lacessit'' ([[Latin]]: "No-one harms me with impunity").<br><sup>3</sup> Unofficial.<br><sup>4</sup> Officially recognised regional languages:<br>in [[Wales]]: [[Welsh language|Welsh]]; and in [[Scotland]]: [[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic]] since 2004 Act.<br><sup>5</sup> Formed as ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland''. Name changed to the ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'' in 1927.<br><sup>6</sup> Official estimate provided by the UK [[Office for National Statistics]]. As of April 2005, the July 2004 estimates were not yet available.<br><sup>7</sup> [[ISO 3166-1]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is unused}} == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Historia ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]]'' * Liste des [[Monarques de Grande-Bretagne|monarques]] * [[Premiers ministres du Royaume-Uni|Liste des premiers ministres]] == Politique == ''Article détaillé : [[Politique du Royaume-Uni]]'' Le Royaume-Uni est, comme son nom l'indique, un royaume, mais le pouvoir du monarque (actuellement la reine [[Élisabeth II du Royaume-Uni|Élisabeth II]]) est ''de facto'' entièrement cérémonial. Le [[Premier ministre]], actuellement [[Tony Blair]], possède de nombreux pouvoirs. Le Royaume-Uni est membre de l'[[Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique Nord|OTAN]], de l'[[Union européenne]]. Il est également membre permanent du [[Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies]]. De plus, ce pays dispose de la [[arme nucléaire|dissuasion nucléaire]]. Début avril 2005 et sur proposition du [[Premiers ministres du Royaume-Uni|Premier ministre]], la reine a décidé de dissoudre la [[Chambre des Communes]] et de provoquer des élections anticipées pour le [[5 mai]] [[2005]]. Le ''New Labour'' a remporté ces élections et Tony Blair obtient son troisième mandat consécutif au poste de premier ministre. <br clear="all"/> == Subdivisions == ''Article détaillé : [[Biteni ya {{{1}}}]]'' {{UK}} == Géographie == ''Article détaillé: [[Géographie du Royaume-Uni]]'' * [[Villes du Royaume-Uni]] * [[Liste de points extrêmes du Royaume-Uni]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie du Royaume-Uni]]'' == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[Démographie du Royaume-Uni]]'' [[Image:United-Kingdom-demography.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] == Culture == ''Article détaillé : [[Culture du Royaume-Uni]]'' Les [[langue régionale|langues régionales]] reconnues sont : * le [[cornique]] (en [[Cornouailles]]) * l'[[écossais]] (en Écosse) * le [[gallois]] (au Pays de Galles) * l'[[irlandais]] (en Irlande du Nord) * le [[scots]] (en Écosse) * le scots d'[[Ulster]] (en Irlande du Nord) Les administrations locales sont aussi libres de se servir de langues d'immigrés ou d'autres langues selon leur choix et la démographie de leur circonscription. * [[Littérature anglaise]] * Premier pays à émettre des [[timbre postal|timbres postaux]] en [[1840]] avec le [[Penny Black]]. {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! Nom français !! Nom local !! Remarques |- | {{1er janvier}} | Jour de l'an || New Year's Day | Le premier jour de la nouvelle année est férié partout |- {{ligne grise}} | [[2 janvier]] || Second jour de l'an | January 2nd Holiday | Le second jour de la nouvelle année est férié en Écosse seulement |----- | [[17 mars]] || [[Saint Patrick|St Patrick]] || St Patrick's Day | Jour férié en Irlande du nord seulement |- {{ligne grise}} | [[Pâques]] est le premier dimanche qui suit la première pleine Lune de Printemps.<br /> Vendredi avant le Dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | [[Vendredi saint]] || Good Friday | Crucifixion de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |----- | [[Lundi]] suivant le dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | Lundi de [[Pâques]] || Easter Monday | Résurrection de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] (pas en Écosse) |- {{ligne grise}} | Premier lundi de mai || 1{{er}} mai | May Day | Traditionnellement [[1er mai|1{{er}} mai]] |----- | Dernier lundi de mai ou premier lundi de juin | Jour férié du printemps || Spring Bank Holiday | Traditionnellement Pentecôte |- {{ligne grise}} | [[12 juillet]] || [[Bataille de la Boyne]] | Battle of the Boyne / Orangemen's Holiday | Jour férié pour l'[[Ordre Orange]] (en Irlande du nord seulement) |----- | Premier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (en Écosse seulement) |- {{ligne grise}} | Dernier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (pas en Écosse) |----- | [[25 décembre]] || [[Noël]] || Christmas Day | Naissance de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |- {{ligne grise}} | [[26 décembre]] || [[Lendemain de Noël]] | Boxing Day || |} == Divers == * fait partie de l'[[Anglosphère]] == Noms officiels == *United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ([[anglais]]) La [[Charte européenne des langues régionales ou minoritaires]] reconnaît le [[gallois]], l'[[écossais]], l'[[irlandais]], le [[cornique]] et le [[scots]] comme langues régionales du Royaume-Uni respectivement nommé ainsi : *Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon ([[gallois]]) *An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath ([[écossais]]) *Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann ([[irlandais]]) *An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh ([[cornique]]) *Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland ([[scots]]) == Voir aussi == {{commons|Category:United Kingdom|le Royaume-Uni}} {{wikitravel|les Royaume-Uni|Royaume-Uni}} === [[Wikipédia:Liens externes|Liens externes]] === * {{en}} [http://www.ukonline.gov.uk/ Portail de l'administration britannique] * {{en}} [http://www.parliament.uk Parlement du Royaume-Uni] * {{fr}} [http://fr.jurispedia.org/index.php/Royaume-Uni_de_Grande-Bretagne_et_d%27Irlande_du_Nord Le droit du Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord (Jurispedia)] {{Pays d'Europe (UE)}} [[catégorie:Royaume-Uni|*]] 5606 2005-07-24T21:25:16Z 199.8.238.219 [[af:Verenigde Koninkryk]] [[ar:مملكة متحدة]] [[bg:Обединено кралство]] [[br:Rouantelezh Unanet]] [[ca:Regne Unit de la Gran Bretanya i Irlanda del Nord]] [[cs:Velká Británie]] [[cy:Y Deyrnas Unedig]] [[da:Det Forenede Kongerige]] [[de:Großbritannien und Nordirland]] [[et:Suurbritannia]] [[el:Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο]] [[en:United Kingdom]] [[es:Reino Unido]] [[eo:Unuigita Reĝlando de Britio kaj Nord-Irlando]] [[ga:An Ríocht Aontaithe]] [[gl:Reino Unido]] [[ko:영국]] [[id:Britania Raya]] [[ia:Regno Unite]] [[it:Regno Unito]] [[he:הממלכה המאוחדת]] [[la:Regnum Unitum]] [[lt:Jungtinė Karalystė]] [[ms:United Kingdom]] [[nl:Verenigd Koninkrijk]] [[ja:イギリス]] [[no:Storbritannia]] [[oc:Reialme Unit]] [[nds:Groot Britannien]] [[pl:Wielka Brytania]] [[pt:Reino Unido]] [[ro:Regatul Unit]] [[rm:Reginavel Unì da la Gronda Britannia ed Irlanda dal Nord]] [[ru:Великобритания]] [[simple:United Kingdom]] [[sl:Združeno kraljestvo]] [[fi:Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta]] [[sv:Storbritannien]][[tl:Nagkakaisang Kaharian]] [[ur:برطانیہ]] [[vi:Liên hiệp Vương quốc Anh và Bắc Ai-len]] [[zh-cn:英国]] [[zh-tw:英國]] [[zh-min-nan:Li&#226;n-ha&#781;p &#212;ng-kok]] {{voir homonymes}} Le '''Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord''' est un État indépendant d'[[Europe]] composé de la [[Grande-Bretagne]] ([[Angleterre]], [[Écosse]], [[Pays de Galles]]), de l'[[Irlande du Nord]] ainsi que de territoires d'outre-mer. Souvent appelé de façon simplifiée '''Royaume-Uni''', la plupart de son territoire est situé à proximité de la côte nord-ouest de l'Europe continentale et est entouré par la [[mer du Nord]], la [[Manche (mer)|Manche]] et l'[[océan Atlantique]]. Nota : Il ne faut pas confondre le Royaume-Uni avec l'Angleterre, l'un des pays qui le constituent, ni avec la Grande-Bretagne, l'île principale. Ni l'[[île de Man]], ni les bailliages de [[Jersey]] et de [[Guernesey]] ne font partie du Royaume-Uni ; ce sont des dépendances de la [[Couronne britannique]]. {{Infobox_country| native_name = United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | common_name = Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ | image_flag = uk flag large.png | image_coat = UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png | image_map = LocationUnitedKingdom.png | national_motto = [[Dieu et mon droit]] (Royal motto)<br>([[Lifalansé]]: Nzambe nde likokí na ngai)''<sup>2</sup></small> | national_anthem = [[God Save the Queen]]<sup>3</sup> | official_languages = [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|None]]; [[Lingɛlɛsa]] ''[[de facto]]'' <sup>4</sup> | capital = [[Londoni]] | latd=51|latm=30|latNS=N|longd=0|longm=7|longEW=W| largest_city = [[Londoni]] | government_type = [[Constitutional monarchy]] | leader_titles = [[British monarchy|Queen]]<br>[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] | leader_names = [[Elizabeth II ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|Elizabeth II]]<br>[[Tony Blair]] | area_rank = 77th | area_magnitude = 1 E11 | area = 244,820 | percent_water = 1.3% | population_estimate_year = Yuli 2003 | population_estimate = 59,553,800 <sup>6</sup>| population_estimate_rank = 22nd | population_census = 58,789,194 | population_census_year = 2001 | population_density = 246.5 | population_density_rank = 49th | GDP_PPP_year = 2005 | GDP_PPP = $1,825,837 million | GDP_PPP_rank = 6th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,658 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 15th | sovereignty_type = [[Act of Union 1800|Establishment]] | established_events = | established_dates = 1801<sup>5</sup>| currency = [[Pound Sterling|British pound]] (&pound;) | currency_code = GBP | time_zone = [[GMT]] | utc_offset = +0 | time_zone_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | cctld= [[.uk]]<sup>7</sup> | calling_code = 44 | footnotes = <sup>1</sup>In the UK, [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|some other language]]s have been officially recognised as legitimate [[autochthonous language|autochthonous]] [[regional language|(regional) languages]] under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]]. In each of these, the UK's official name is as follows: *<small>[[Welsh language|Welsh]]: ''Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon'' *<small>[[Gayeliki y'Ekósi]]: ''An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath'' *<small>[[Kirlándi]]: ''Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Tuaisceart na hÉireann'' *<small>[[Cornish language|Cornish]]: ''An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh'' *<small>[[Kiekósi]]: ''Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland''<br/> <small><sup>2</sup> The Royal motto in Scotland is ''Nemo Me Impune Lacessit'' ([[Latin]]: "No-one harms me with impunity").<br><sup>3</sup> Unofficial.<br><sup>4</sup> Officially recognised regional languages:<br>in [[Wales]]: [[Welsh language|Welsh]]; and in [[Scotland]]: [[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic]] since 2004 Act.<br><sup>5</sup> Formed as ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland''. Name changed to the ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'' in 1927.<br><sup>6</sup> Official estimate provided by the UK [[Office for National Statistics]]. As of April 2005, the July 2004 estimates were not yet available.<br><sup>7</sup> [[ISO 3166-1]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is unused}} == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Historia ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]]'' * Liste des [[Monarques de Grande-Bretagne|monarques]] * [[Premiers ministres du Royaume-Uni|Liste des premiers ministres]] == Politique == ''Article détaillé : [[Politique du Royaume-Uni]]'' Le Royaume-Uni est, comme son nom l'indique, un royaume, mais le pouvoir du monarque (actuellement la reine [[Élisabeth II du Royaume-Uni|Élisabeth II]]) est ''de facto'' entièrement cérémonial. Le [[Premier ministre]], actuellement [[Tony Blair]], possède de nombreux pouvoirs. Le Royaume-Uni est membre de l'[[Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique Nord|OTAN]], de l'[[Union européenne]]. Il est également membre permanent du [[Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies]]. De plus, ce pays dispose de la [[arme nucléaire|dissuasion nucléaire]]. Début avril 2005 et sur proposition du [[Premiers ministres du Royaume-Uni|Premier ministre]], la reine a décidé de dissoudre la [[Chambre des Communes]] et de provoquer des élections anticipées pour le [[5 mai]] [[2005]]. Le ''New Labour'' a remporté ces élections et Tony Blair obtient son troisième mandat consécutif au poste de premier ministre. <br clear="all"/> == Subdivisions == ''Article détaillé : [[Biteni ya {{{1}}}]]'' {{UK}} == Géographie == ''Article détaillé: [[Géographie du Royaume-Uni]]'' * [[Villes du Royaume-Uni]] * [[Liste de points extrêmes du Royaume-Uni]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie du Royaume-Uni]]'' == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[Démographie du Royaume-Uni]]'' [[Image:United-Kingdom-demography.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] == Culture == ''Article détaillé : [[Culture du Royaume-Uni]]'' Les [[langue régionale|langues régionales]] reconnues sont : * le [[cornique]] (en [[Cornouailles]]) * l'[[écossais]] (en Écosse) * le [[gallois]] (au Pays de Galles) * l'[[irlandais]] (en Irlande du Nord) * le [[scots]] (en Écosse) * le scots d'[[Ulster]] (en Irlande du Nord) Les administrations locales sont aussi libres de se servir de langues d'immigrés ou d'autres langues selon leur choix et la démographie de leur circonscription. * [[Littérature anglaise]] * Premier pays à émettre des [[timbre postal|timbres postaux]] en [[1840]] avec le [[Penny Black]]. {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! Nom français !! Nom local !! Remarques |- | {{1er janvier}} | Jour de l'an || New Year's Day | Le premier jour de la nouvelle année est férié partout |- {{ligne grise}} | [[2 janvier]] || Second jour de l'an | January 2nd Holiday | Le second jour de la nouvelle année est férié en Écosse seulement |----- | [[17 mars]] || [[Saint Patrick|St Patrick]] || St Patrick's Day | Jour férié en Irlande du nord seulement |- {{ligne grise}} | [[Pâques]] est le premier dimanche qui suit la première pleine Lune de Printemps.<br /> Vendredi avant le Dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | [[Vendredi saint]] || Good Friday | Crucifixion de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |----- | [[Lundi]] suivant le dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | Lundi de [[Pâques]] || Easter Monday | Résurrection de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] (pas en Écosse) |- {{ligne grise}} | Premier lundi de mai || 1{{er}} mai | May Day | Traditionnellement [[1er mai|1{{er}} mai]] |----- | Dernier lundi de mai ou premier lundi de juin | Jour férié du printemps || Spring Bank Holiday | Traditionnellement Pentecôte |- {{ligne grise}} | [[12 juillet]] || [[Bataille de la Boyne]] | Battle of the Boyne / Orangemen's Holiday | Jour férié pour l'[[Ordre Orange]] (en Irlande du nord seulement) |----- | Premier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (en Écosse seulement) |- {{ligne grise}} | Dernier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (pas en Écosse) |----- | [[25 décembre]] || [[Noël]] || Christmas Day | Naissance de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |- {{ligne grise}} | [[26 décembre]] || [[Lendemain de Noël]] | Boxing Day || |} == Divers == * fait partie de l'[[Anglosphère]] == Noms officiels == *United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ([[anglais]]) La [[Charte européenne des langues régionales ou minoritaires]] reconnaît le [[gallois]], l'[[écossais]], l'[[irlandais]], le [[cornique]] et le [[scots]] comme langues régionales du Royaume-Uni respectivement nommé ainsi : *Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon ([[gallois]]) *An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath ([[écossais]]) *Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann ([[irlandais]]) *An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh ([[cornique]]) *Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland ([[scots]]) == Voir aussi == {{commons|Category:United Kingdom|le Royaume-Uni}} {{wikitravel|les Royaume-Uni|Royaume-Uni}} === [[Wikipédia:Liens externes|Liens externes]] === * {{en}} [http://www.ukonline.gov.uk/ Portail de l'administration britannique] * {{en}} [http://www.parliament.uk Parlement du Royaume-Uni] * {{fr}} [http://fr.jurispedia.org/index.php/Royaume-Uni_de_Grande-Bretagne_et_d%27Irlande_du_Nord Le droit du Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord (Jurispedia)] {{Pays d'Europe (UE)}} [[catégorie:Royaume-Uni|*]] 5607 2005-07-24T21:28:38Z 199.8.238.219 /* Politique */ [[af:Verenigde Koninkryk]] [[ar:مملكة متحدة]] [[bg:Обединено кралство]] [[br:Rouantelezh Unanet]] [[ca:Regne Unit de la Gran Bretanya i Irlanda del Nord]] [[cs:Velká Británie]] [[cy:Y Deyrnas Unedig]] [[da:Det Forenede Kongerige]] [[de:Großbritannien und Nordirland]] [[et:Suurbritannia]] [[el:Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο]] [[en:United Kingdom]] [[es:Reino Unido]] [[eo:Unuigita Reĝlando de Britio kaj Nord-Irlando]] [[ga:An Ríocht Aontaithe]] [[gl:Reino Unido]] [[ko:영국]] [[id:Britania Raya]] [[ia:Regno Unite]] [[it:Regno Unito]] [[he:הממלכה המאוחדת]] [[la:Regnum Unitum]] [[lt:Jungtinė Karalystė]] [[ms:United Kingdom]] [[nl:Verenigd Koninkrijk]] [[ja:イギリス]] [[no:Storbritannia]] [[oc:Reialme Unit]] [[nds:Groot Britannien]] [[pl:Wielka Brytania]] [[pt:Reino Unido]] [[ro:Regatul Unit]] [[rm:Reginavel Unì da la Gronda Britannia ed Irlanda dal Nord]] [[ru:Великобритания]] [[simple:United Kingdom]] [[sl:Združeno kraljestvo]] [[fi:Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta]] [[sv:Storbritannien]][[tl:Nagkakaisang Kaharian]] [[ur:برطانیہ]] [[vi:Liên hiệp Vương quốc Anh và Bắc Ai-len]] [[zh-cn:英国]] [[zh-tw:英國]] [[zh-min-nan:Li&#226;n-ha&#781;p &#212;ng-kok]] {{voir homonymes}} Le '''Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord''' est un État indépendant d'[[Europe]] composé de la [[Grande-Bretagne]] ([[Angleterre]], [[Écosse]], [[Pays de Galles]]), de l'[[Irlande du Nord]] ainsi que de territoires d'outre-mer. Souvent appelé de façon simplifiée '''Royaume-Uni''', la plupart de son territoire est situé à proximité de la côte nord-ouest de l'Europe continentale et est entouré par la [[mer du Nord]], la [[Manche (mer)|Manche]] et l'[[océan Atlantique]]. Nota : Il ne faut pas confondre le Royaume-Uni avec l'Angleterre, l'un des pays qui le constituent, ni avec la Grande-Bretagne, l'île principale. Ni l'[[île de Man]], ni les bailliages de [[Jersey]] et de [[Guernesey]] ne font partie du Royaume-Uni ; ce sont des dépendances de la [[Couronne britannique]]. {{Infobox_country| native_name = United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | common_name = Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ | image_flag = uk flag large.png | image_coat = UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png | image_map = LocationUnitedKingdom.png | national_motto = [[Dieu et mon droit]] (Royal motto)<br>([[Lifalansé]]: Nzambe nde likokí na ngai)''<sup>2</sup></small> | national_anthem = [[God Save the Queen]]<sup>3</sup> | official_languages = [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|None]]; [[Lingɛlɛsa]] ''[[de facto]]'' <sup>4</sup> | capital = [[Londoni]] | latd=51|latm=30|latNS=N|longd=0|longm=7|longEW=W| largest_city = [[Londoni]] | government_type = [[Constitutional monarchy]] | leader_titles = [[British monarchy|Queen]]<br>[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] | leader_names = [[Elizabeth II ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|Elizabeth II]]<br>[[Tony Blair]] | area_rank = 77th | area_magnitude = 1 E11 | area = 244,820 | percent_water = 1.3% | population_estimate_year = Yuli 2003 | population_estimate = 59,553,800 <sup>6</sup>| population_estimate_rank = 22nd | population_census = 58,789,194 | population_census_year = 2001 | population_density = 246.5 | population_density_rank = 49th | GDP_PPP_year = 2005 | GDP_PPP = $1,825,837 million | GDP_PPP_rank = 6th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,658 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 15th | sovereignty_type = [[Act of Union 1800|Establishment]] | established_events = | established_dates = 1801<sup>5</sup>| currency = [[Pound Sterling|British pound]] (&pound;) | currency_code = GBP | time_zone = [[GMT]] | utc_offset = +0 | time_zone_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | cctld= [[.uk]]<sup>7</sup> | calling_code = 44 | footnotes = <sup>1</sup>In the UK, [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|some other language]]s have been officially recognised as legitimate [[autochthonous language|autochthonous]] [[regional language|(regional) languages]] under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]]. In each of these, the UK's official name is as follows: *<small>[[Welsh language|Welsh]]: ''Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon'' *<small>[[Gayeliki y'Ekósi]]: ''An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath'' *<small>[[Kirlándi]]: ''Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Tuaisceart na hÉireann'' *<small>[[Cornish language|Cornish]]: ''An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh'' *<small>[[Kiekósi]]: ''Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland''<br/> <small><sup>2</sup> The Royal motto in Scotland is ''Nemo Me Impune Lacessit'' ([[Latin]]: "No-one harms me with impunity").<br><sup>3</sup> Unofficial.<br><sup>4</sup> Officially recognised regional languages:<br>in [[Wales]]: [[Welsh language|Welsh]]; and in [[Scotland]]: [[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic]] since 2004 Act.<br><sup>5</sup> Formed as ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland''. Name changed to the ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'' in 1927.<br><sup>6</sup> Official estimate provided by the UK [[Office for National Statistics]]. As of April 2005, the July 2004 estimates were not yet available.<br><sup>7</sup> [[ISO 3166-1]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is unused}} == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Historia ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]]'' * Liste des [[Monarques de Grande-Bretagne|monarques]] * [[Premiers ministres du Royaume-Uni|Liste des premiers ministres]] == Politiki == ''Article détaillé : [[Politiki ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]]'' Le Royaume-Uni est, comme son nom l'indique, un royaume, mais le pouvoir du monarque (actuellement la reine [[Élisabeth II du Royaume-Uni|Élisabeth II]]) est ''de facto'' entièrement cérémonial. Le [[Premier ministre]], actuellement [[Tony Blair]], possède de nombreux pouvoirs. Le Royaume-Uni est membre de l'[[Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique Nord|OTAN]], de l'[[Union européenne]]. Il est également membre permanent du [[Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies]]. De plus, ce pays dispose de la [[arme nucléaire|dissuasion nucléaire]]. Début avril 2005 et sur proposition du [[Premiers ministres du Royaume-Uni|Premier ministre]], la reine a décidé de dissoudre la [[Chambre des Communes]] et de provoquer des élections anticipées pour le [[5 mai]] [[2005]]. Le ''New Labour'' a remporté ces élections et Tony Blair obtient son troisième mandat consécutif au poste de premier ministre. <br clear="all"/> == Subdivisions == ''Article détaillé : [[Biteni ya {{{1}}}]]'' {{UK}} == Géographie == ''Article détaillé: [[Géographie du Royaume-Uni]]'' * [[Villes du Royaume-Uni]] * [[Liste de points extrêmes du Royaume-Uni]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie du Royaume-Uni]]'' == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[Démographie du Royaume-Uni]]'' [[Image:United-Kingdom-demography.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] == Culture == ''Article détaillé : [[Culture du Royaume-Uni]]'' Les [[langue régionale|langues régionales]] reconnues sont : * le [[cornique]] (en [[Cornouailles]]) * l'[[écossais]] (en Écosse) * le [[gallois]] (au Pays de Galles) * l'[[irlandais]] (en Irlande du Nord) * le [[scots]] (en Écosse) * le scots d'[[Ulster]] (en Irlande du Nord) Les administrations locales sont aussi libres de se servir de langues d'immigrés ou d'autres langues selon leur choix et la démographie de leur circonscription. * [[Littérature anglaise]] * Premier pays à émettre des [[timbre postal|timbres postaux]] en [[1840]] avec le [[Penny Black]]. {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! Nom français !! Nom local !! Remarques |- | {{1er janvier}} | Jour de l'an || New Year's Day | Le premier jour de la nouvelle année est férié partout |- {{ligne grise}} | [[2 janvier]] || Second jour de l'an | January 2nd Holiday | Le second jour de la nouvelle année est férié en Écosse seulement |----- | [[17 mars]] || [[Saint Patrick|St Patrick]] || St Patrick's Day | Jour férié en Irlande du nord seulement |- {{ligne grise}} | [[Pâques]] est le premier dimanche qui suit la première pleine Lune de Printemps.<br /> Vendredi avant le Dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | [[Vendredi saint]] || Good Friday | Crucifixion de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |----- | [[Lundi]] suivant le dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | Lundi de [[Pâques]] || Easter Monday | Résurrection de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] (pas en Écosse) |- {{ligne grise}} | Premier lundi de mai || 1{{er}} mai | May Day | Traditionnellement [[1er mai|1{{er}} mai]] |----- | Dernier lundi de mai ou premier lundi de juin | Jour férié du printemps || Spring Bank Holiday | Traditionnellement Pentecôte |- {{ligne grise}} | [[12 juillet]] || [[Bataille de la Boyne]] | Battle of the Boyne / Orangemen's Holiday | Jour férié pour l'[[Ordre Orange]] (en Irlande du nord seulement) |----- | Premier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (en Écosse seulement) |- {{ligne grise}} | Dernier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (pas en Écosse) |----- | [[25 décembre]] || [[Noël]] || Christmas Day | Naissance de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |- {{ligne grise}} | [[26 décembre]] || [[Lendemain de Noël]] | Boxing Day || |} == Divers == * fait partie de l'[[Anglosphère]] == Noms officiels == *United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ([[anglais]]) La [[Charte européenne des langues régionales ou minoritaires]] reconnaît le [[gallois]], l'[[écossais]], l'[[irlandais]], le [[cornique]] et le [[scots]] comme langues régionales du Royaume-Uni respectivement nommé ainsi : *Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon ([[gallois]]) *An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath ([[écossais]]) *Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann ([[irlandais]]) *An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh ([[cornique]]) *Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland ([[scots]]) == Voir aussi == {{commons|Category:United Kingdom|le Royaume-Uni}} {{wikitravel|les Royaume-Uni|Royaume-Uni}} === [[Wikipédia:Liens externes|Liens externes]] === * {{en}} [http://www.ukonline.gov.uk/ Portail de l'administration britannique] * {{en}} [http://www.parliament.uk Parlement du Royaume-Uni] * {{fr}} [http://fr.jurispedia.org/index.php/Royaume-Uni_de_Grande-Bretagne_et_d%27Irlande_du_Nord Le droit du Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord (Jurispedia)] {{Pays d'Europe (UE)}} [[catégorie:Royaume-Uni|*]] 5608 2005-07-24T21:29:22Z 199.8.238.219 /* Subdivisions */ [[af:Verenigde Koninkryk]] [[ar:مملكة متحدة]] [[bg:Обединено кралство]] [[br:Rouantelezh Unanet]] [[ca:Regne Unit de la Gran Bretanya i Irlanda del Nord]] [[cs:Velká Británie]] [[cy:Y Deyrnas Unedig]] [[da:Det Forenede Kongerige]] [[de:Großbritannien und Nordirland]] [[et:Suurbritannia]] [[el:Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο]] [[en:United Kingdom]] [[es:Reino Unido]] [[eo:Unuigita Reĝlando de Britio kaj Nord-Irlando]] [[ga:An Ríocht Aontaithe]] [[gl:Reino Unido]] [[ko:영국]] [[id:Britania Raya]] [[ia:Regno Unite]] [[it:Regno Unito]] [[he:הממלכה המאוחדת]] [[la:Regnum Unitum]] [[lt:Jungtinė Karalystė]] [[ms:United Kingdom]] [[nl:Verenigd Koninkrijk]] [[ja:イギリス]] [[no:Storbritannia]] [[oc:Reialme Unit]] [[nds:Groot Britannien]] [[pl:Wielka Brytania]] [[pt:Reino Unido]] [[ro:Regatul Unit]] [[rm:Reginavel Unì da la Gronda Britannia ed Irlanda dal Nord]] [[ru:Великобритания]] [[simple:United Kingdom]] [[sl:Združeno kraljestvo]] [[fi:Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta]] [[sv:Storbritannien]][[tl:Nagkakaisang Kaharian]] [[ur:برطانیہ]] [[vi:Liên hiệp Vương quốc Anh và Bắc Ai-len]] [[zh-cn:英国]] [[zh-tw:英國]] [[zh-min-nan:Li&#226;n-ha&#781;p &#212;ng-kok]] {{voir homonymes}} Le '''Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord''' est un État indépendant d'[[Europe]] composé de la [[Grande-Bretagne]] ([[Angleterre]], [[Écosse]], [[Pays de Galles]]), de l'[[Irlande du Nord]] ainsi que de territoires d'outre-mer. Souvent appelé de façon simplifiée '''Royaume-Uni''', la plupart de son territoire est situé à proximité de la côte nord-ouest de l'Europe continentale et est entouré par la [[mer du Nord]], la [[Manche (mer)|Manche]] et l'[[océan Atlantique]]. Nota : Il ne faut pas confondre le Royaume-Uni avec l'Angleterre, l'un des pays qui le constituent, ni avec la Grande-Bretagne, l'île principale. Ni l'[[île de Man]], ni les bailliages de [[Jersey]] et de [[Guernesey]] ne font partie du Royaume-Uni ; ce sont des dépendances de la [[Couronne britannique]]. {{Infobox_country| native_name = United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | common_name = Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ | image_flag = uk flag large.png | image_coat = UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png | image_map = LocationUnitedKingdom.png | national_motto = [[Dieu et mon droit]] (Royal motto)<br>([[Lifalansé]]: Nzambe nde likokí na ngai)''<sup>2</sup></small> | national_anthem = [[God Save the Queen]]<sup>3</sup> | official_languages = [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|None]]; [[Lingɛlɛsa]] ''[[de facto]]'' <sup>4</sup> | capital = [[Londoni]] | latd=51|latm=30|latNS=N|longd=0|longm=7|longEW=W| largest_city = [[Londoni]] | government_type = [[Constitutional monarchy]] | leader_titles = [[British monarchy|Queen]]<br>[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] | leader_names = [[Elizabeth II ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|Elizabeth II]]<br>[[Tony Blair]] | area_rank = 77th | area_magnitude = 1 E11 | area = 244,820 | percent_water = 1.3% | population_estimate_year = Yuli 2003 | population_estimate = 59,553,800 <sup>6</sup>| population_estimate_rank = 22nd | population_census = 58,789,194 | population_census_year = 2001 | population_density = 246.5 | population_density_rank = 49th | GDP_PPP_year = 2005 | GDP_PPP = $1,825,837 million | GDP_PPP_rank = 6th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,658 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 15th | sovereignty_type = [[Act of Union 1800|Establishment]] | established_events = | established_dates = 1801<sup>5</sup>| currency = [[Pound Sterling|British pound]] (&pound;) | currency_code = GBP | time_zone = [[GMT]] | utc_offset = +0 | time_zone_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | cctld= [[.uk]]<sup>7</sup> | calling_code = 44 | footnotes = <sup>1</sup>In the UK, [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|some other language]]s have been officially recognised as legitimate [[autochthonous language|autochthonous]] [[regional language|(regional) languages]] under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]]. In each of these, the UK's official name is as follows: *<small>[[Welsh language|Welsh]]: ''Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon'' *<small>[[Gayeliki y'Ekósi]]: ''An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath'' *<small>[[Kirlándi]]: ''Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Tuaisceart na hÉireann'' *<small>[[Cornish language|Cornish]]: ''An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh'' *<small>[[Kiekósi]]: ''Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland''<br/> <small><sup>2</sup> The Royal motto in Scotland is ''Nemo Me Impune Lacessit'' ([[Latin]]: "No-one harms me with impunity").<br><sup>3</sup> Unofficial.<br><sup>4</sup> Officially recognised regional languages:<br>in [[Wales]]: [[Welsh language|Welsh]]; and in [[Scotland]]: [[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic]] since 2004 Act.<br><sup>5</sup> Formed as ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland''. Name changed to the ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'' in 1927.<br><sup>6</sup> Official estimate provided by the UK [[Office for National Statistics]]. As of April 2005, the July 2004 estimates were not yet available.<br><sup>7</sup> [[ISO 3166-1]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is unused}} == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Historia ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]]'' * Liste des [[Monarques de Grande-Bretagne|monarques]] * [[Premiers ministres du Royaume-Uni|Liste des premiers ministres]] == Politiki == ''Article détaillé : [[Politiki ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]]'' Le Royaume-Uni est, comme son nom l'indique, un royaume, mais le pouvoir du monarque (actuellement la reine [[Élisabeth II du Royaume-Uni|Élisabeth II]]) est ''de facto'' entièrement cérémonial. Le [[Premier ministre]], actuellement [[Tony Blair]], possède de nombreux pouvoirs. Le Royaume-Uni est membre de l'[[Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique Nord|OTAN]], de l'[[Union européenne]]. Il est également membre permanent du [[Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies]]. De plus, ce pays dispose de la [[arme nucléaire|dissuasion nucléaire]]. Début avril 2005 et sur proposition du [[Premiers ministres du Royaume-Uni|Premier ministre]], la reine a décidé de dissoudre la [[Chambre des Communes]] et de provoquer des élections anticipées pour le [[5 mai]] [[2005]]. Le ''New Labour'' a remporté ces élections et Tony Blair obtient son troisième mandat consécutif au poste de premier ministre. <br clear="all"/> == Subdivisions == ''Article détaillé : [[Biteni ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]]'' {{UK}} == Géographie == ''Article détaillé: [[Géographie du Royaume-Uni]]'' * [[Villes du Royaume-Uni]] * [[Liste de points extrêmes du Royaume-Uni]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie du Royaume-Uni]]'' == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[Démographie du Royaume-Uni]]'' [[Image:United-Kingdom-demography.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] == Culture == ''Article détaillé : [[Culture du Royaume-Uni]]'' Les [[langue régionale|langues régionales]] reconnues sont : * le [[cornique]] (en [[Cornouailles]]) * l'[[écossais]] (en Écosse) * le [[gallois]] (au Pays de Galles) * l'[[irlandais]] (en Irlande du Nord) * le [[scots]] (en Écosse) * le scots d'[[Ulster]] (en Irlande du Nord) Les administrations locales sont aussi libres de se servir de langues d'immigrés ou d'autres langues selon leur choix et la démographie de leur circonscription. * [[Littérature anglaise]] * Premier pays à émettre des [[timbre postal|timbres postaux]] en [[1840]] avec le [[Penny Black]]. {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! Nom français !! Nom local !! Remarques |- | {{1er janvier}} | Jour de l'an || New Year's Day | Le premier jour de la nouvelle année est férié partout |- {{ligne grise}} | [[2 janvier]] || Second jour de l'an | January 2nd Holiday | Le second jour de la nouvelle année est férié en Écosse seulement |----- | [[17 mars]] || [[Saint Patrick|St Patrick]] || St Patrick's Day | Jour férié en Irlande du nord seulement |- {{ligne grise}} | [[Pâques]] est le premier dimanche qui suit la première pleine Lune de Printemps.<br /> Vendredi avant le Dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | [[Vendredi saint]] || Good Friday | Crucifixion de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |----- | [[Lundi]] suivant le dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | Lundi de [[Pâques]] || Easter Monday | Résurrection de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] (pas en Écosse) |- {{ligne grise}} | Premier lundi de mai || 1{{er}} mai | May Day | Traditionnellement [[1er mai|1{{er}} mai]] |----- | Dernier lundi de mai ou premier lundi de juin | Jour férié du printemps || Spring Bank Holiday | Traditionnellement Pentecôte |- {{ligne grise}} | [[12 juillet]] || [[Bataille de la Boyne]] | Battle of the Boyne / Orangemen's Holiday | Jour férié pour l'[[Ordre Orange]] (en Irlande du nord seulement) |----- | Premier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (en Écosse seulement) |- {{ligne grise}} | Dernier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (pas en Écosse) |----- | [[25 décembre]] || [[Noël]] || Christmas Day | Naissance de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |- {{ligne grise}} | [[26 décembre]] || [[Lendemain de Noël]] | Boxing Day || |} == Divers == * fait partie de l'[[Anglosphère]] == Noms officiels == *United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ([[anglais]]) La [[Charte européenne des langues régionales ou minoritaires]] reconnaît le [[gallois]], l'[[écossais]], l'[[irlandais]], le [[cornique]] et le [[scots]] comme langues régionales du Royaume-Uni respectivement nommé ainsi : *Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon ([[gallois]]) *An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath ([[écossais]]) *Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann ([[irlandais]]) *An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh ([[cornique]]) *Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland ([[scots]]) == Voir aussi == {{commons|Category:United Kingdom|le Royaume-Uni}} {{wikitravel|les Royaume-Uni|Royaume-Uni}} === [[Wikipédia:Liens externes|Liens externes]] === * {{en}} [http://www.ukonline.gov.uk/ Portail de l'administration britannique] * {{en}} [http://www.parliament.uk Parlement du Royaume-Uni] * {{fr}} [http://fr.jurispedia.org/index.php/Royaume-Uni_de_Grande-Bretagne_et_d%27Irlande_du_Nord Le droit du Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord (Jurispedia)] {{Pays d'Europe (UE)}} [[catégorie:Royaume-Uni|*]] 5975 2005-08-01T21:16:55Z 199.8.238.219 [[af:Verenigde Koninkryk]] [[ar:مملكة متحدة]] [[bg:Обединено кралство]] [[br:Rouantelezh Unanet]] [[ca:Regne Unit de la Gran Bretanya i Irlanda del Nord]] [[cs:Velká Británie]] [[cy:Y Deyrnas Unedig]] [[da:Det Forenede Kongerige]] [[de:Großbritannien und Nordirland]] [[et:Suurbritannia]] [[el:Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο]] [[en:United Kingdom]] [[es:Reino Unido]] [[eo:Unuigita Reĝlando de Britio kaj Nord-Irlando]] [[ga:An Ríocht Aontaithe]] [[gl:Reino Unido]] [[ko:영국]] [[id:Britania Raya]] [[ia:Regno Unite]] [[it:Regno Unito]] [[he:הממלכה המאוחדת]] [[la:Regnum Unitum]] [[lt:Jungtinė Karalystė]] [[ms:United Kingdom]] [[nl:Verenigd Koninkrijk]] [[ja:イギリス]] [[no:Storbritannia]] [[oc:Reialme Unit]] [[nds:Groot Britannien]] [[pl:Wielka Brytania]] [[pt:Reino Unido]] [[ro:Regatul Unit]] [[rm:Reginavel Unì da la Gronda Britannia ed Irlanda dal Nord]] [[ru:Великобритания]] [[simple:United Kingdom]] [[sl:Združeno kraljestvo]] [[fi:Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta]] [[sv:Storbritannien]][[tl:Nagkakaisang Kaharian]] [[ur:برطانیہ]] [[vi:Liên hiệp Vương quốc Anh và Bắc Ai-len]] [[zh-cn:英国]] [[zh-tw:英國]] [[zh-min-nan:Li&#226;n-ha&#781;p &#212;ng-kok]] {{bokokani}} Le '''Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord''' est un État indépendant d'[[Europe]] composé de la [[Grande-Bretagne]] ([[Angleterre]], [[Écosse]], [[Pays de Galles]]), de l'[[Irlande du Nord]] ainsi que de territoires d'outre-mer. Souvent appelé de façon simplifiée '''Royaume-Uni''', la plupart de son territoire est situé à proximité de la côte nord-ouest de l'Europe continentale et est entouré par la [[mer du Nord]], la [[Manche (mer)|Manche]] et l'[[océan Atlantique]]. Nota : Il ne faut pas confondre le Royaume-Uni avec l'Angleterre, l'un des pays qui le constituent, ni avec la Grande-Bretagne, l'île principale. Ni l'[[île de Man]], ni les bailliages de [[Jersey]] et de [[Guernesey]] ne font partie du Royaume-Uni ; ce sont des dépendances de la [[Couronne britannique]]. {{Infobox_country| native_name = United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | common_name = Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ | image_flag = uk flag large.png | image_coat = UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png | image_map = LocationUnitedKingdom.png | national_motto = [[Dieu et mon droit]] (Royal motto)<br>([[Lifalansé]]: Nzambe nde likokí na ngai)''<sup>2</sup></small> | national_anthem = [[God Save the Queen]]<sup>3</sup> | official_languages = [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|None]]; [[Lingɛlɛsa]] ''[[de facto]]'' <sup>4</sup> | capital = [[Londoni]] | latd=51|latm=30|latNS=N|longd=0|longm=7|longEW=W| largest_city = [[Londoni]] | government_type = [[Constitutional monarchy]] | leader_titles = [[British monarchy|Queen]]<br>[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] | leader_names = [[Elizabeth II ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|Elizabeth II]]<br>[[Tony Blair]] | area_rank = 77th | area_magnitude = 1 E11 | area = 244,820 | percent_water = 1.3% | population_estimate_year = Yuli 2003 | population_estimate = 59,553,800 <sup>6</sup>| population_estimate_rank = 22nd | population_census = 58,789,194 | population_census_year = 2001 | population_density = 246.5 | population_density_rank = 49th | GDP_PPP_year = 2005 | GDP_PPP = $1,825,837 million | GDP_PPP_rank = 6th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,658 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 15th | sovereignty_type = [[Act of Union 1800|Establishment]] | established_events = | established_dates = 1801<sup>5</sup>| currency = [[Pound Sterling|British pound]] (&pound;) | currency_code = GBP | time_zone = [[GMT]] | utc_offset = +0 | time_zone_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | cctld= [[.uk]]<sup>7</sup> | calling_code = 44 | footnotes = <sup>1</sup>In the UK, [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|some other language]]s have been officially recognised as legitimate [[autochthonous language|autochthonous]] [[regional language|(regional) languages]] under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]]. In each of these, the UK's official name is as follows: *<small>[[Welsh language|Welsh]]: ''Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon'' *<small>[[Gayeliki y'Ekósi]]: ''An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath'' *<small>[[Kirlándi]]: ''Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Tuaisceart na hÉireann'' *<small>[[Cornish language|Cornish]]: ''An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh'' *<small>[[Kiekósi]]: ''Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland''<br/> <small><sup>2</sup> The Royal motto in Scotland is ''Nemo Me Impune Lacessit'' ([[Latin]]: "No-one harms me with impunity").<br><sup>3</sup> Unofficial.<br><sup>4</sup> Officially recognised regional languages:<br>in [[Wales]]: [[Welsh language|Welsh]]; and in [[Scotland]]: [[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic]] since 2004 Act.<br><sup>5</sup> Formed as ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland''. Name changed to the ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'' in 1927.<br><sup>6</sup> Official estimate provided by the UK [[Office for National Statistics]]. As of April 2005, the July 2004 estimates were not yet available.<br><sup>7</sup> [[ISO 3166-1]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is unused}} == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Historia ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]]'' * Liste des [[Monarques de Grande-Bretagne|monarques]] * [[Premiers ministres du Royaume-Uni|Liste des premiers ministres]] == Politiki == ''Article détaillé : [[Politiki ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]]'' Le Royaume-Uni est, comme son nom l'indique, un royaume, mais le pouvoir du monarque (actuellement la reine [[Élisabeth II du Royaume-Uni|Élisabeth II]]) est ''de facto'' entièrement cérémonial. Le [[Premier ministre]], actuellement [[Tony Blair]], possède de nombreux pouvoirs. Le Royaume-Uni est membre de l'[[Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique Nord|OTAN]], de l'[[Union européenne]]. Il est également membre permanent du [[Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies]]. De plus, ce pays dispose de la [[arme nucléaire|dissuasion nucléaire]]. Début avril 2005 et sur proposition du [[Premiers ministres du Royaume-Uni|Premier ministre]], la reine a décidé de dissoudre la [[Chambre des Communes]] et de provoquer des élections anticipées pour le [[5 mai]] [[2005]]. Le ''New Labour'' a remporté ces élections et Tony Blair obtient son troisième mandat consécutif au poste de premier ministre. <br clear="all"/> == Subdivisions == ''Article détaillé : [[Biteni ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]]'' {{UK}} == Géographie == ''Article détaillé: [[Géographie du Royaume-Uni]]'' * [[Villes du Royaume-Uni]] * [[Liste de points extrêmes du Royaume-Uni]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie du Royaume-Uni]]'' == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[Démographie du Royaume-Uni]]'' [[Image:United-Kingdom-demography.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] == Culture == ''Article détaillé : [[Culture du Royaume-Uni]]'' Les [[langue régionale|langues régionales]] reconnues sont : * le [[cornique]] (en [[Cornouailles]]) * l'[[écossais]] (en Écosse) * le [[gallois]] (au Pays de Galles) * l'[[irlandais]] (en Irlande du Nord) * le [[scots]] (en Écosse) * le scots d'[[Ulster]] (en Irlande du Nord) Les administrations locales sont aussi libres de se servir de langues d'immigrés ou d'autres langues selon leur choix et la démographie de leur circonscription. * [[Littérature anglaise]] * Premier pays à émettre des [[timbre postal|timbres postaux]] en [[1840]] avec le [[Penny Black]]. {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! Nom français !! Nom local !! Remarques |- | {{1er janvier}} | Jour de l'an || New Year's Day | Le premier jour de la nouvelle année est férié partout |- {{ligne grise}} | [[2 janvier]] || Second jour de l'an | January 2nd Holiday | Le second jour de la nouvelle année est férié en Écosse seulement |----- | [[17 mars]] || [[Saint Patrick|St Patrick]] || St Patrick's Day | Jour férié en Irlande du nord seulement |- {{ligne grise}} | [[Pâques]] est le premier dimanche qui suit la première pleine Lune de Printemps.<br /> Vendredi avant le Dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | [[Vendredi saint]] || Good Friday | Crucifixion de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |----- | [[Lundi]] suivant le dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | Lundi de [[Pâques]] || Easter Monday | Résurrection de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] (pas en Écosse) |- {{ligne grise}} | Premier lundi de mai || 1{{er}} mai | May Day | Traditionnellement [[1er mai|1{{er}} mai]] |----- | Dernier lundi de mai ou premier lundi de juin | Jour férié du printemps || Spring Bank Holiday | Traditionnellement Pentecôte |- {{ligne grise}} | [[12 juillet]] || [[Bataille de la Boyne]] | Battle of the Boyne / Orangemen's Holiday | Jour férié pour l'[[Ordre Orange]] (en Irlande du nord seulement) |----- | Premier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (en Écosse seulement) |- {{ligne grise}} | Dernier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (pas en Écosse) |----- | [[25 décembre]] || [[Noël]] || Christmas Day | Naissance de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |- {{ligne grise}} | [[26 décembre]] || [[Lendemain de Noël]] | Boxing Day || |} == Divers == * fait partie de l'[[Anglosphère]] == Noms officiels == *United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ([[anglais]]) La [[Charte européenne des langues régionales ou minoritaires]] reconnaît le [[gallois]], l'[[écossais]], l'[[irlandais]], le [[cornique]] et le [[scots]] comme langues régionales du Royaume-Uni respectivement nommé ainsi : *Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon ([[gallois]]) *An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath ([[écossais]]) *Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann ([[irlandais]]) *An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh ([[cornique]]) *Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland ([[scots]]) == Voir aussi == {{commons|Category:United Kingdom|le Royaume-Uni}} {{wikitravel|les Royaume-Uni|Royaume-Uni}} === [[Wikipédia:Liens externes|Liens externes]] === * {{en}} [http://www.ukonline.gov.uk/ Portail de l'administration britannique] * {{en}} [http://www.parliament.uk Parlement du Royaume-Uni] * {{fr}} [http://fr.jurispedia.org/index.php/Royaume-Uni_de_Grande-Bretagne_et_d%27Irlande_du_Nord Le droit du Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord (Jurispedia)] {{Pays d'Europe (UE)}} [[catégorie:Royaume-Uni|*]] 6047 2005-08-30T16:26:21Z 160.85.2.50 /* Culture */ [[af:Verenigde Koninkryk]] [[ar:مملكة متحدة]] [[bg:Обединено кралство]] [[br:Rouantelezh Unanet]] [[ca:Regne Unit de la Gran Bretanya i Irlanda del Nord]] [[cs:Velká Británie]] [[cy:Y Deyrnas Unedig]] [[da:Det Forenede Kongerige]] [[de:Großbritannien und Nordirland]] [[et:Suurbritannia]] [[el:Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο]] [[en:United Kingdom]] [[es:Reino Unido]] [[eo:Unuigita Reĝlando de Britio kaj Nord-Irlando]] [[ga:An Ríocht Aontaithe]] [[gl:Reino Unido]] [[ko:영국]] [[id:Britania Raya]] [[ia:Regno Unite]] [[it:Regno Unito]] [[he:הממלכה המאוחדת]] [[la:Regnum Unitum]] [[lt:Jungtinė Karalystė]] [[ms:United Kingdom]] [[nl:Verenigd Koninkrijk]] [[ja:イギリス]] [[no:Storbritannia]] [[oc:Reialme Unit]] [[nds:Groot Britannien]] [[pl:Wielka Brytania]] [[pt:Reino Unido]] [[ro:Regatul Unit]] [[rm:Reginavel Unì da la Gronda Britannia ed Irlanda dal Nord]] [[ru:Великобритания]] [[simple:United Kingdom]] [[sl:Združeno kraljestvo]] [[fi:Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta]] [[sv:Storbritannien]][[tl:Nagkakaisang Kaharian]] [[ur:برطانیہ]] [[vi:Liên hiệp Vương quốc Anh và Bắc Ai-len]] [[zh-cn:英国]] [[zh-tw:英國]] [[zh-min-nan:Li&#226;n-ha&#781;p &#212;ng-kok]] {{bokokani}} Le '''Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord''' est un État indépendant d'[[Europe]] composé de la [[Grande-Bretagne]] ([[Angleterre]], [[Écosse]], [[Pays de Galles]]), de l'[[Irlande du Nord]] ainsi que de territoires d'outre-mer. Souvent appelé de façon simplifiée '''Royaume-Uni''', la plupart de son territoire est situé à proximité de la côte nord-ouest de l'Europe continentale et est entouré par la [[mer du Nord]], la [[Manche (mer)|Manche]] et l'[[océan Atlantique]]. Nota : Il ne faut pas confondre le Royaume-Uni avec l'Angleterre, l'un des pays qui le constituent, ni avec la Grande-Bretagne, l'île principale. Ni l'[[île de Man]], ni les bailliages de [[Jersey]] et de [[Guernesey]] ne font partie du Royaume-Uni ; ce sont des dépendances de la [[Couronne britannique]]. {{Infobox_country| native_name = United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | common_name = Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ | image_flag = uk flag large.png | image_coat = UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png | image_map = LocationUnitedKingdom.png | national_motto = [[Dieu et mon droit]] (Royal motto)<br>([[Lifalansé]]: Nzambe nde likokí na ngai)''<sup>2</sup></small> | national_anthem = [[God Save the Queen]]<sup>3</sup> | official_languages = [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|None]]; [[Lingɛlɛsa]] ''[[de facto]]'' <sup>4</sup> | capital = [[Londoni]] | latd=51|latm=30|latNS=N|longd=0|longm=7|longEW=W| largest_city = [[Londoni]] | government_type = [[Constitutional monarchy]] | leader_titles = [[British monarchy|Queen]]<br>[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] | leader_names = [[Elizabeth II ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|Elizabeth II]]<br>[[Tony Blair]] | area_rank = 77th | area_magnitude = 1 E11 | area = 244,820 | percent_water = 1.3% | population_estimate_year = Yuli 2003 | population_estimate = 59,553,800 <sup>6</sup>| population_estimate_rank = 22nd | population_census = 58,789,194 | population_census_year = 2001 | population_density = 246.5 | population_density_rank = 49th | GDP_PPP_year = 2005 | GDP_PPP = $1,825,837 million | GDP_PPP_rank = 6th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,658 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 15th | sovereignty_type = [[Act of Union 1800|Establishment]] | established_events = | established_dates = 1801<sup>5</sup>| currency = [[Pound Sterling|British pound]] (&pound;) | currency_code = GBP | time_zone = [[GMT]] | utc_offset = +0 | time_zone_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | cctld= [[.uk]]<sup>7</sup> | calling_code = 44 | footnotes = <sup>1</sup>In the UK, [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|some other language]]s have been officially recognised as legitimate [[autochthonous language|autochthonous]] [[regional language|(regional) languages]] under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]]. In each of these, the UK's official name is as follows: *<small>[[Welsh language|Welsh]]: ''Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon'' *<small>[[Gayeliki y'Ekósi]]: ''An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath'' *<small>[[Kirlándi]]: ''Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Tuaisceart na hÉireann'' *<small>[[Cornish language|Cornish]]: ''An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh'' *<small>[[Kiekósi]]: ''Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland''<br/> <small><sup>2</sup> The Royal motto in Scotland is ''Nemo Me Impune Lacessit'' ([[Latin]]: "No-one harms me with impunity").<br><sup>3</sup> Unofficial.<br><sup>4</sup> Officially recognised regional languages:<br>in [[Wales]]: [[Welsh language|Welsh]]; and in [[Scotland]]: [[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic]] since 2004 Act.<br><sup>5</sup> Formed as ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland''. Name changed to the ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'' in 1927.<br><sup>6</sup> Official estimate provided by the UK [[Office for National Statistics]]. As of April 2005, the July 2004 estimates were not yet available.<br><sup>7</sup> [[ISO 3166-1]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is unused}} == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Historia ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]]'' * Liste des [[Monarques de Grande-Bretagne|monarques]] * [[Premiers ministres du Royaume-Uni|Liste des premiers ministres]] == Politiki == ''Article détaillé : [[Politiki ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]]'' Le Royaume-Uni est, comme son nom l'indique, un royaume, mais le pouvoir du monarque (actuellement la reine [[Élisabeth II du Royaume-Uni|Élisabeth II]]) est ''de facto'' entièrement cérémonial. Le [[Premier ministre]], actuellement [[Tony Blair]], possède de nombreux pouvoirs. Le Royaume-Uni est membre de l'[[Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique Nord|OTAN]], de l'[[Union européenne]]. Il est également membre permanent du [[Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies]]. De plus, ce pays dispose de la [[arme nucléaire|dissuasion nucléaire]]. Début avril 2005 et sur proposition du [[Premiers ministres du Royaume-Uni|Premier ministre]], la reine a décidé de dissoudre la [[Chambre des Communes]] et de provoquer des élections anticipées pour le [[5 mai]] [[2005]]. Le ''New Labour'' a remporté ces élections et Tony Blair obtient son troisième mandat consécutif au poste de premier ministre. <br clear="all"/> == Subdivisions == ''Article détaillé : [[Biteni ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]]'' {{UK}} == Géographie == ''Article détaillé: [[Géographie du Royaume-Uni]]'' * [[Villes du Royaume-Uni]] * [[Liste de points extrêmes du Royaume-Uni]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie du Royaume-Uni]]'' == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[Démographie du Royaume-Uni]]'' [[Image:United-Kingdom-demography.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] == Culture == ''Article détaillé : [[Culture du Royaume-Uni]]'' Les [[langue régionale|langues régionales]] reconnues sont : * le [[cornique]] (en [[Cornouailles]]) * l'[[écossais]] (en Écosse) * le [[gallois]] (au Pays de Galles) * l'[[irlandais]] (en Irlande du Nord) * le [[scots]] (en Écosse) * le scots d'[[Ulster]] (en Irlande du Nord) Les administrations locales sont aussi libres de se servir de langues d'immigrés ou d'autres langues selon leur choix et la démographie de leur circonscription. * [[Littérature anglaise]] * Premier pays à émettre des [[timbre postal|timbres postaux]] en [[1840]] avec le [[Penny Black]]. {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! Nom Lingalá !! Nom local !! Remarques |- | {{1er janvier}} | Jour de l'an || New Year's Day | Le premier jour de la nouvelle année est férié partout |- {{ligne grise}} | [[2 janvier]] || Second jour de l'an | January 2nd Holiday | Le second jour de la nouvelle année est férié en Écosse seulement |----- | [[17 mars]] || [[Saint Patrick|St Patrick]] || St Patrick's Day | Jour férié en Irlande du nord seulement |- {{ligne grise}} | [[Pâques]] est le premier dimanche qui suit la première pleine Lune de Printemps.<br /> Vendredi avant le Dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | [[Vendredi saint]] || Good Friday | Crucifixion de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |----- | [[Lundi]] suivant le dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | Lundi de [[Pâques]] || Easter Monday | Résurrection de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] (pas en Écosse) |- {{ligne grise}} | Premier lundi de mai || 1{{er}} mai | May Day | Traditionnellement [[1er mai|1{{er}} mai]] |----- | Dernier lundi de mai ou premier lundi de juin | Jour férié du printemps || Spring Bank Holiday | Traditionnellement Pentecôte |- {{ligne grise}} | [[12 juillet]] || [[Bataille de la Boyne]] | Battle of the Boyne / Orangemen's Holiday | Jour férié pour l'[[Ordre Orange]] (en Irlande du nord seulement) |----- | Premier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (en Écosse seulement) |- {{ligne grise}} | Dernier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (pas en Écosse) |----- | [[25 décembre]] || [[Noël]] || Christmas Day | Naissance de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |- {{ligne grise}} | [[26 décembre]] || [[Lendemain de Noël]] | Boxing Day || |} == Divers == * fait partie de l'[[Anglosphère]] == Noms officiels == *United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ([[anglais]]) La [[Charte européenne des langues régionales ou minoritaires]] reconnaît le [[gallois]], l'[[écossais]], l'[[irlandais]], le [[cornique]] et le [[scots]] comme langues régionales du Royaume-Uni respectivement nommé ainsi : *Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon ([[gallois]]) *An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath ([[écossais]]) *Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann ([[irlandais]]) *An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh ([[cornique]]) *Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland ([[scots]]) == Voir aussi == {{commons|Category:United Kingdom|le Royaume-Uni}} {{wikitravel|les Royaume-Uni|Royaume-Uni}} === [[Wikipédia:Liens externes|Liens externes]] === * {{en}} [http://www.ukonline.gov.uk/ Portail de l'administration britannique] * {{en}} [http://www.parliament.uk Parlement du Royaume-Uni] * {{fr}} [http://fr.jurispedia.org/index.php/Royaume-Uni_de_Grande-Bretagne_et_d%27Irlande_du_Nord Le droit du Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord (Jurispedia)] {{Pays d'Europe (UE)}} [[catégorie:Royaume-Uni|*]] 6048 2005-08-30T16:28:04Z 160.85.2.50 /* Culture */ [[af:Verenigde Koninkryk]] [[ar:مملكة متحدة]] [[bg:Обединено кралство]] [[br:Rouantelezh Unanet]] [[ca:Regne Unit de la Gran Bretanya i Irlanda del Nord]] [[cs:Velká Británie]] [[cy:Y Deyrnas Unedig]] [[da:Det Forenede Kongerige]] [[de:Großbritannien und Nordirland]] [[et:Suurbritannia]] [[el:Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο]] [[en:United Kingdom]] [[es:Reino Unido]] [[eo:Unuigita Reĝlando de Britio kaj Nord-Irlando]] [[ga:An Ríocht Aontaithe]] [[gl:Reino Unido]] [[ko:영국]] [[id:Britania Raya]] [[ia:Regno Unite]] [[it:Regno Unito]] [[he:הממלכה המאוחדת]] [[la:Regnum Unitum]] [[lt:Jungtinė Karalystė]] [[ms:United Kingdom]] [[nl:Verenigd Koninkrijk]] [[ja:イギリス]] [[no:Storbritannia]] [[oc:Reialme Unit]] [[nds:Groot Britannien]] [[pl:Wielka Brytania]] [[pt:Reino Unido]] [[ro:Regatul Unit]] [[rm:Reginavel Unì da la Gronda Britannia ed Irlanda dal Nord]] [[ru:Великобритания]] [[simple:United Kingdom]] [[sl:Združeno kraljestvo]] [[fi:Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta]] [[sv:Storbritannien]][[tl:Nagkakaisang Kaharian]] [[ur:برطانیہ]] [[vi:Liên hiệp Vương quốc Anh và Bắc Ai-len]] [[zh-cn:英国]] [[zh-tw:英國]] [[zh-min-nan:Li&#226;n-ha&#781;p &#212;ng-kok]] {{bokokani}} Le '''Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord''' est un État indépendant d'[[Europe]] composé de la [[Grande-Bretagne]] ([[Angleterre]], [[Écosse]], [[Pays de Galles]]), de l'[[Irlande du Nord]] ainsi que de territoires d'outre-mer. Souvent appelé de façon simplifiée '''Royaume-Uni''', la plupart de son territoire est situé à proximité de la côte nord-ouest de l'Europe continentale et est entouré par la [[mer du Nord]], la [[Manche (mer)|Manche]] et l'[[océan Atlantique]]. Nota : Il ne faut pas confondre le Royaume-Uni avec l'Angleterre, l'un des pays qui le constituent, ni avec la Grande-Bretagne, l'île principale. Ni l'[[île de Man]], ni les bailliages de [[Jersey]] et de [[Guernesey]] ne font partie du Royaume-Uni ; ce sont des dépendances de la [[Couronne britannique]]. {{Infobox_country| native_name = United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | common_name = Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ | image_flag = uk flag large.png | image_coat = UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png | image_map = LocationUnitedKingdom.png | national_motto = [[Dieu et mon droit]] (Royal motto)<br>([[Lifalansé]]: Nzambe nde likokí na ngai)''<sup>2</sup></small> | national_anthem = [[God Save the Queen]]<sup>3</sup> | official_languages = [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|None]]; [[Lingɛlɛsa]] ''[[de facto]]'' <sup>4</sup> | capital = [[Londoni]] | latd=51|latm=30|latNS=N|longd=0|longm=7|longEW=W| largest_city = [[Londoni]] | government_type = [[Constitutional monarchy]] | leader_titles = [[British monarchy|Queen]]<br>[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] | leader_names = [[Elizabeth II ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|Elizabeth II]]<br>[[Tony Blair]] | area_rank = 77th | area_magnitude = 1 E11 | area = 244,820 | percent_water = 1.3% | population_estimate_year = Yuli 2003 | population_estimate = 59,553,800 <sup>6</sup>| population_estimate_rank = 22nd | population_census = 58,789,194 | population_census_year = 2001 | population_density = 246.5 | population_density_rank = 49th | GDP_PPP_year = 2005 | GDP_PPP = $1,825,837 million | GDP_PPP_rank = 6th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,658 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 15th | sovereignty_type = [[Act of Union 1800|Establishment]] | established_events = | established_dates = 1801<sup>5</sup>| currency = [[Pound Sterling|British pound]] (&pound;) | currency_code = GBP | time_zone = [[GMT]] | utc_offset = +0 | time_zone_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | cctld= [[.uk]]<sup>7</sup> | calling_code = 44 | footnotes = <sup>1</sup>In the UK, [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|some other language]]s have been officially recognised as legitimate [[autochthonous language|autochthonous]] [[regional language|(regional) languages]] under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]]. In each of these, the UK's official name is as follows: *<small>[[Welsh language|Welsh]]: ''Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon'' *<small>[[Gayeliki y'Ekósi]]: ''An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath'' *<small>[[Kirlándi]]: ''Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Tuaisceart na hÉireann'' *<small>[[Cornish language|Cornish]]: ''An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh'' *<small>[[Kiekósi]]: ''Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland''<br/> <small><sup>2</sup> The Royal motto in Scotland is ''Nemo Me Impune Lacessit'' ([[Latin]]: "No-one harms me with impunity").<br><sup>3</sup> Unofficial.<br><sup>4</sup> Officially recognised regional languages:<br>in [[Wales]]: [[Welsh language|Welsh]]; and in [[Scotland]]: [[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic]] since 2004 Act.<br><sup>5</sup> Formed as ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland''. Name changed to the ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'' in 1927.<br><sup>6</sup> Official estimate provided by the UK [[Office for National Statistics]]. As of April 2005, the July 2004 estimates were not yet available.<br><sup>7</sup> [[ISO 3166-1]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is unused}} == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Historia ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]]'' * Liste des [[Monarques de Grande-Bretagne|monarques]] * [[Premiers ministres du Royaume-Uni|Liste des premiers ministres]] == Politiki == ''Article détaillé : [[Politiki ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]]'' Le Royaume-Uni est, comme son nom l'indique, un royaume, mais le pouvoir du monarque (actuellement la reine [[Élisabeth II du Royaume-Uni|Élisabeth II]]) est ''de facto'' entièrement cérémonial. Le [[Premier ministre]], actuellement [[Tony Blair]], possède de nombreux pouvoirs. Le Royaume-Uni est membre de l'[[Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique Nord|OTAN]], de l'[[Union européenne]]. Il est également membre permanent du [[Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies]]. De plus, ce pays dispose de la [[arme nucléaire|dissuasion nucléaire]]. Début avril 2005 et sur proposition du [[Premiers ministres du Royaume-Uni|Premier ministre]], la reine a décidé de dissoudre la [[Chambre des Communes]] et de provoquer des élections anticipées pour le [[5 mai]] [[2005]]. Le ''New Labour'' a remporté ces élections et Tony Blair obtient son troisième mandat consécutif au poste de premier ministre. <br clear="all"/> == Subdivisions == ''Article détaillé : [[Biteni ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]]'' {{UK}} == Géographie == ''Article détaillé: [[Géographie du Royaume-Uni]]'' * [[Villes du Royaume-Uni]] * [[Liste de points extrêmes du Royaume-Uni]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie du Royaume-Uni]]'' == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[Démographie du Royaume-Uni]]'' [[Image:United-Kingdom-demography.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] == Culture == ''Article détaillé : [[Culture du Royaume-Uni]]'' Les [[langue régionale|langues régionales]] reconnues sont : * le [[cornique]] (en [[Cornouailles]]) * l'[[écossais]] (en Écosse) * le [[gallois]] (au Pays de Galles) * l'[[irlandais]] (en Irlande du Nord) * le [[scots]] (en Écosse) * le scots d'[[Ulster]] (en Irlande du Nord) Les administrations locales sont aussi libres de se servir de langues d'immigrés ou d'autres langues selon leur choix et la démographie de leur circonscription. * [[Littérature anglaise]] * Premier pays à émettre des [[timbre postal|timbres postaux]] en [[1840]] avec le [[Penny Black]]. {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! Nom Lingála !! Nom local !! Remarques |- | {{1er janvier}} | Jour de l'an || New Year's Day | Le premier jour de la nouvelle année est férié partout |- {{ligne grise}} | [[2 janvier]] || Second jour de l'an | January 2nd Holiday | Le second jour de la nouvelle année est férié en Écosse seulement |----- | [[17 mars]] || [[Saint Patrick|St Patrick]] || St Patrick's Day | Jour férié en Irlande du nord seulement |- {{ligne grise}} | [[Pâques]] est le premier dimanche qui suit la première pleine Lune de Printemps.<br /> Vendredi avant le Dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | [[Vendredi saint]] || Good Friday | Crucifixion de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |----- | [[Lundi]] suivant le dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | Lundi de [[Pâques]] || Easter Monday | Résurrection de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] (pas en Écosse) |- {{ligne grise}} | Premier lundi de mai || 1{{er}} mai | May Day | Traditionnellement [[1er mai|1{{er}} mai]] |----- | Dernier lundi de mai ou premier lundi de juin | Jour férié du printemps || Spring Bank Holiday | Traditionnellement Pentecôte |- {{ligne grise}} | [[12 juillet]] || [[Bataille de la Boyne]] | Battle of the Boyne / Orangemen's Holiday | Jour férié pour l'[[Ordre Orange]] (en Irlande du nord seulement) |----- | Premier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (en Écosse seulement) |- {{ligne grise}} | Dernier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (pas en Écosse) |----- | [[25 décembre]] || [[Noël]] || Christmas Day | Naissance de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |- {{ligne grise}} | [[26 décembre]] || [[Lendemain de Noël]] | Boxing Day || |} == Divers == * fait partie de l'[[Anglosphère]] == Noms officiels == *United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ([[anglais]]) La [[Charte européenne des langues régionales ou minoritaires]] reconnaît le [[gallois]], l'[[écossais]], l'[[irlandais]], le [[cornique]] et le [[scots]] comme langues régionales du Royaume-Uni respectivement nommé ainsi : *Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon ([[gallois]]) *An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath ([[écossais]]) *Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann ([[irlandais]]) *An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh ([[cornique]]) *Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland ([[scots]]) == Voir aussi == {{commons|Category:United Kingdom|le Royaume-Uni}} {{wikitravel|les Royaume-Uni|Royaume-Uni}} === [[Wikipédia:Liens externes|Liens externes]] === * {{en}} [http://www.ukonline.gov.uk/ Portail de l'administration britannique] * {{en}} [http://www.parliament.uk Parlement du Royaume-Uni] * {{fr}} [http://fr.jurispedia.org/index.php/Royaume-Uni_de_Grande-Bretagne_et_d%27Irlande_du_Nord Le droit du Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord (Jurispedia)] {{Pays d'Europe (UE)}} [[catégorie:Royaume-Uni|*]] 6212 2005-09-10T21:34:12Z Node ue 31 this is the lingala wp 6220 2005-09-15T09:25:57Z Bombo 12 Reverted edit of Node ue, changed back to last version by 160.85.2.50 [[af:Verenigde Koninkryk]] [[ar:مملكة متحدة]] [[bg:Обединено кралство]] [[br:Rouantelezh Unanet]] [[ca:Regne Unit de la Gran Bretanya i Irlanda del Nord]] [[cs:Velká Británie]] [[cy:Y Deyrnas Unedig]] [[da:Det Forenede Kongerige]] [[de:Großbritannien und Nordirland]] [[et:Suurbritannia]] [[el:Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο]] [[en:United Kingdom]] [[es:Reino Unido]] [[eo:Unuigita Reĝlando de Britio kaj Nord-Irlando]] [[ga:An Ríocht Aontaithe]] [[gl:Reino Unido]] [[ko:영국]] [[id:Britania Raya]] [[ia:Regno Unite]] [[it:Regno Unito]] [[he:הממלכה המאוחדת]] [[la:Regnum Unitum]] [[lt:Jungtinė Karalystė]] [[ms:United Kingdom]] [[nl:Verenigd Koninkrijk]] [[ja:イギリス]] [[no:Storbritannia]] [[oc:Reialme Unit]] [[nds:Groot Britannien]] [[pl:Wielka Brytania]] [[pt:Reino Unido]] [[ro:Regatul Unit]] [[rm:Reginavel Unì da la Gronda Britannia ed Irlanda dal Nord]] [[ru:Великобритания]] [[simple:United Kingdom]] [[sl:Združeno kraljestvo]] [[fi:Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta]] [[sv:Storbritannien]][[tl:Nagkakaisang Kaharian]] [[ur:برطانیہ]] [[vi:Liên hiệp Vương quốc Anh và Bắc Ai-len]] [[zh-cn:英国]] [[zh-tw:英國]] [[zh-min-nan:Li&#226;n-ha&#781;p &#212;ng-kok]] {{bokokani}} Le '''Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord''' est un État indépendant d'[[Europe]] composé de la [[Grande-Bretagne]] ([[Angleterre]], [[Écosse]], [[Pays de Galles]]), de l'[[Irlande du Nord]] ainsi que de territoires d'outre-mer. Souvent appelé de façon simplifiée '''Royaume-Uni''', la plupart de son territoire est situé à proximité de la côte nord-ouest de l'Europe continentale et est entouré par la [[mer du Nord]], la [[Manche (mer)|Manche]] et l'[[océan Atlantique]]. Nota : Il ne faut pas confondre le Royaume-Uni avec l'Angleterre, l'un des pays qui le constituent, ni avec la Grande-Bretagne, l'île principale. Ni l'[[île de Man]], ni les bailliages de [[Jersey]] et de [[Guernesey]] ne font partie du Royaume-Uni ; ce sont des dépendances de la [[Couronne britannique]]. {{Infobox_country| native_name = United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | common_name = Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ | image_flag = uk flag large.png | image_coat = UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png | image_map = LocationUnitedKingdom.png | national_motto = [[Dieu et mon droit]] (Royal motto)<br>([[Lifalansé]]: Nzambe nde likokí na ngai)''<sup>2</sup></small> | national_anthem = [[God Save the Queen]]<sup>3</sup> | official_languages = [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|None]]; [[Lingɛlɛsa]] ''[[de facto]]'' <sup>4</sup> | capital = [[Londoni]] | latd=51|latm=30|latNS=N|longd=0|longm=7|longEW=W| largest_city = [[Londoni]] | government_type = [[Constitutional monarchy]] | leader_titles = [[British monarchy|Queen]]<br>[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] | leader_names = [[Elizabeth II ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|Elizabeth II]]<br>[[Tony Blair]] | area_rank = 77th | area_magnitude = 1 E11 | area = 244,820 | percent_water = 1.3% | population_estimate_year = Yuli 2003 | population_estimate = 59,553,800 <sup>6</sup>| population_estimate_rank = 22nd | population_census = 58,789,194 | population_census_year = 2001 | population_density = 246.5 | population_density_rank = 49th | GDP_PPP_year = 2005 | GDP_PPP = $1,825,837 million | GDP_PPP_rank = 6th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,658 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 15th | sovereignty_type = [[Act of Union 1800|Establishment]] | established_events = | established_dates = 1801<sup>5</sup>| currency = [[Pound Sterling|British pound]] (&pound;) | currency_code = GBP | time_zone = [[GMT]] | utc_offset = +0 | time_zone_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | cctld= [[.uk]]<sup>7</sup> | calling_code = 44 | footnotes = <sup>1</sup>In the UK, [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|some other language]]s have been officially recognised as legitimate [[autochthonous language|autochthonous]] [[regional language|(regional) languages]] under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]]. In each of these, the UK's official name is as follows: *<small>[[Welsh language|Welsh]]: ''Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon'' *<small>[[Gayeliki y'Ekósi]]: ''An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath'' *<small>[[Kirlándi]]: ''Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Tuaisceart na hÉireann'' *<small>[[Cornish language|Cornish]]: ''An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh'' *<small>[[Kiekósi]]: ''Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland''<br/> <small><sup>2</sup> The Royal motto in Scotland is ''Nemo Me Impune Lacessit'' ([[Latin]]: "No-one harms me with impunity").<br><sup>3</sup> Unofficial.<br><sup>4</sup> Officially recognised regional languages:<br>in [[Wales]]: [[Welsh language|Welsh]]; and in [[Scotland]]: [[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic]] since 2004 Act.<br><sup>5</sup> Formed as ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland''. Name changed to the ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'' in 1927.<br><sup>6</sup> Official estimate provided by the UK [[Office for National Statistics]]. As of April 2005, the July 2004 estimates were not yet available.<br><sup>7</sup> [[ISO 3166-1]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is unused}} == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi : [[Historia ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]]'' * Liste des [[Monarques de Grande-Bretagne|monarques]] * [[Premiers ministres du Royaume-Uni|Liste des premiers ministres]] == Politiki == ''Article détaillé : [[Politiki ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]]'' Le Royaume-Uni est, comme son nom l'indique, un royaume, mais le pouvoir du monarque (actuellement la reine [[Élisabeth II du Royaume-Uni|Élisabeth II]]) est ''de facto'' entièrement cérémonial. Le [[Premier ministre]], actuellement [[Tony Blair]], possède de nombreux pouvoirs. Le Royaume-Uni est membre de l'[[Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique Nord|OTAN]], de l'[[Union européenne]]. Il est également membre permanent du [[Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies]]. De plus, ce pays dispose de la [[arme nucléaire|dissuasion nucléaire]]. Début avril 2005 et sur proposition du [[Premiers ministres du Royaume-Uni|Premier ministre]], la reine a décidé de dissoudre la [[Chambre des Communes]] et de provoquer des élections anticipées pour le [[5 mai]] [[2005]]. Le ''New Labour'' a remporté ces élections et Tony Blair obtient son troisième mandat consécutif au poste de premier ministre. <br clear="all"/> == Subdivisions == ''Article détaillé : [[Biteni ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]]'' {{UK}} == Géographie == ''Article détaillé: [[Géographie du Royaume-Uni]]'' * [[Villes du Royaume-Uni]] * [[Liste de points extrêmes du Royaume-Uni]] == Économie == ''Article détaillé : [[Économie du Royaume-Uni]]'' == Démographie == ''Article détaillé : [[Démographie du Royaume-Uni]]'' [[Image:United-Kingdom-demography.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] == Culture == ''Article détaillé : [[Culture du Royaume-Uni]]'' Les [[langue régionale|langues régionales]] reconnues sont : * le [[cornique]] (en [[Cornouailles]]) * l'[[écossais]] (en Écosse) * le [[gallois]] (au Pays de Galles) * l'[[irlandais]] (en Irlande du Nord) * le [[scots]] (en Écosse) * le scots d'[[Ulster]] (en Irlande du Nord) Les administrations locales sont aussi libres de se servir de langues d'immigrés ou d'autres langues selon leur choix et la démographie de leur circonscription. * [[Littérature anglaise]] * Premier pays à émettre des [[timbre postal|timbres postaux]] en [[1840]] avec le [[Penny Black]]. {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! Nom Lingála !! Nom local !! Remarques |- | {{1er janvier}} | Jour de l'an || New Year's Day | Le premier jour de la nouvelle année est férié partout |- {{ligne grise}} | [[2 janvier]] || Second jour de l'an | January 2nd Holiday | Le second jour de la nouvelle année est férié en Écosse seulement |----- | [[17 mars]] || [[Saint Patrick|St Patrick]] || St Patrick's Day | Jour férié en Irlande du nord seulement |- {{ligne grise}} | [[Pâques]] est le premier dimanche qui suit la première pleine Lune de Printemps.<br /> Vendredi avant le Dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | [[Vendredi saint]] || Good Friday | Crucifixion de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |----- | [[Lundi]] suivant le dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | Lundi de [[Pâques]] || Easter Monday | Résurrection de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] (pas en Écosse) |- {{ligne grise}} | Premier lundi de mai || 1{{er}} mai | May Day | Traditionnellement [[1er mai|1{{er}} mai]] |----- | Dernier lundi de mai ou premier lundi de juin | Jour férié du printemps || Spring Bank Holiday | Traditionnellement Pentecôte |- {{ligne grise}} | [[12 juillet]] || [[Bataille de la Boyne]] | Battle of the Boyne / Orangemen's Holiday | Jour férié pour l'[[Ordre Orange]] (en Irlande du nord seulement) |----- | Premier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (en Écosse seulement) |- {{ligne grise}} | Dernier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (pas en Écosse) |----- | [[25 décembre]] || [[Noël]] || Christmas Day | Naissance de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |- {{ligne grise}} | [[26 décembre]] || [[Lendemain de Noël]] | Boxing Day || |} == Divers == * fait partie de l'[[Anglosphère]] == Noms officiels == *United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ([[anglais]]) La [[Charte européenne des langues régionales ou minoritaires]] reconnaît le [[gallois]], l'[[écossais]], l'[[irlandais]], le [[cornique]] et le [[scots]] comme langues régionales du Royaume-Uni respectivement nommé ainsi : *Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon ([[gallois]]) *An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath ([[écossais]]) *Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann ([[irlandais]]) *An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh ([[cornique]]) *Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland ([[scots]]) == Voir aussi == {{commons|Category:United Kingdom|le Royaume-Uni}} {{wikitravel|les Royaume-Uni|Royaume-Uni}} === [[Wikipédia:Liens externes|Liens externes]] === * {{en}} [http://www.ukonline.gov.uk/ Portail de l'administration britannique] * {{en}} [http://www.parliament.uk Parlement du Royaume-Uni] * {{fr}} [http://fr.jurispedia.org/index.php/Royaume-Uni_de_Grande-Bretagne_et_d%27Irlande_du_Nord Le droit du Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord (Jurispedia)] {{Pays d'Europe (UE)}} [[catégorie:Royaume-Uni|*]] 6221 2005-09-15T09:30:48Z Bombo 12 [[af:Verenigde Koninkryk]] [[ar:مملكة متحدة]] [[bg:Обединено кралство]] [[br:Rouantelezh Unanet]] [[ca:Regne Unit de la Gran Bretanya i Irlanda del Nord]] [[cs:Velká Británie]] [[cy:Y Deyrnas Unedig]] [[da:Det Forenede Kongerige]] [[de:Großbritannien und Nordirland]] [[et:Suurbritannia]] [[el:Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο]] [[en:United Kingdom]] [[es:Reino Unido]] [[eo:Unuigita Reĝlando de Britio kaj Nord-Irlando]] [[ga:An Ríocht Aontaithe]] [[gl:Reino Unido]] [[ko:영국]] [[id:Britania Raya]] [[ia:Regno Unite]] [[it:Regno Unito]] [[he:הממלכה המאוחדת]] [[la:Regnum Unitum]] [[lt:Jungtinė Karalystė]] [[ms:United Kingdom]] [[nl:Verenigd Koninkrijk]] [[ja:イギリス]] [[no:Storbritannia]] [[oc:Reialme Unit]] [[nds:Groot Britannien]] [[pl:Wielka Brytania]] [[pt:Reino Unido]] [[ro:Regatul Unit]] [[rm:Reginavel Unì da la Gronda Britannia ed Irlanda dal Nord]] [[ru:Великобритания]] [[simple:United Kingdom]] [[sl:Združeno kraljestvo]] [[fi:Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta]] [[sv:Storbritannien]][[tl:Nagkakaisang Kaharian]] [[ur:برطانیہ]] [[vi:Liên hiệp Vương quốc Anh và Bắc Ai-len]] [[zh-cn:英国]] [[zh-tw:英國]] [[zh-min-nan:Li&#226;n-ha&#781;p &#212;ng-kok]] {{bokokani}} {{Infobox_country| native_name = United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | common_name = Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ | image_flag = uk flag large.png | image_coat = UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png | image_map = LocationUnitedKingdom.png | national_motto = [[Dieu et mon droit]] (Royal motto)<br>([[Lifalansé]]: Nzambe nde likokí na ngai)''<sup>2</sup></small> | national_anthem = [[God Save the Queen]]<sup>3</sup> | official_languages = [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|None]]; [[Lingɛlɛsa]] ''[[de facto]]'' <sup>4</sup> | capital = [[Londoni]] | latd=51|latm=30|latNS=N|longd=0|longm=7|longEW=W| largest_city = [[Londoni]] | government_type = [[Constitutional monarchy]] | leader_titles = [[British monarchy|Queen]]<br>[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] | leader_names = [[Elizabeth II ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|Elizabeth II]]<br>[[Tony Blair]] | area_rank = 77th | area_magnitude = 1 E11 | area = 244,820 | percent_water = 1.3% | population_estimate_year = Yuli 2003 | population_estimate = 59,553,800 <sup>6</sup>| population_estimate_rank = 22nd | population_census = 58,789,194 | population_census_year = 2001 | population_density = 246.5 | population_density_rank = 49th | GDP_PPP_year = 2005 | GDP_PPP = $1,825,837 million | GDP_PPP_rank = 6th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,658 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 15th | sovereignty_type = [[Act of Union 1800|Establishment]] | established_events = | established_dates = 1801<sup>5</sup>| currency = [[Pound Sterling|British pound]] (&pound;) | currency_code = GBP | time_zone = [[GMT]] | utc_offset = +0 | time_zone_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | cctld= [[.uk]]<sup>7</sup> | calling_code = 44 | footnotes = <sup>1</sup>In the UK, [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|some other language]]s have been officially recognised as legitimate [[autochthonous language|autochthonous]] [[regional language|(regional) languages]] under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]]. In each of these, the UK's official name is as follows: *<small>[[Welsh language|Welsh]]: ''Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon'' *<small>[[Gayeliki y'Ekósi]]: ''An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath'' *<small>[[Kirlándi]]: ''Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Tuaisceart na hÉireann'' *<small>[[Cornish language|Cornish]]: ''An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh'' *<small>[[Kiekósi]]: ''Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland''<br/> <small><sup>2</sup> The Royal motto in Scotland is ''Nemo Me Impune Lacessit'' ([[Latin]]: "No-one harms me with impunity").<br><sup>3</sup> Unofficial.<br><sup>4</sup> Officially recognised regional languages:<br>in [[Wales]]: [[Welsh language|Welsh]]; and in [[Scotland]]: [[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic]] since 2004 Act.<br><sup>5</sup> Formed as ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland''. Name changed to the ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'' in 1927.<br><sup>6</sup> Official estimate provided by the UK [[Office for National Statistics]]. As of April 2005, the July 2004 estimates were not yet available.<br><sup>7</sup> [[ISO 3166-1]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is unused}} == Historia == == Politiki == <br clear="all"/> == Subdivisions == {{UK}} == Géographie == == Économie == == Démographie == [[Image:United-Kingdom-demography.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] == Culture == {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! Nom Lingála !! Nom local !! Remarques |- | {{1er janvier}} | Jour de l'an || New Year's Day | Le premier jour de la nouvelle année est férié partout |- {{ligne grise}} | [[2 janvier]] || Second jour de l'an | January 2nd Holiday | Le second jour de la nouvelle année est férié en Écosse seulement |----- | [[17 mars]] || [[Saint Patrick|St Patrick]] || St Patrick's Day | Jour férié en Irlande du nord seulement |- {{ligne grise}} | [[Pâques]] est le premier dimanche qui suit la première pleine Lune de Printemps.<br /> Vendredi avant le Dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | [[Vendredi saint]] || Good Friday | Crucifixion de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |----- | [[Lundi]] suivant le dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | Lundi de [[Pâques]] || Easter Monday | Résurrection de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] (pas en Écosse) |- {{ligne grise}} | Premier lundi de mai || 1{{er}} mai | May Day | Traditionnellement [[1er mai|1{{er}} mai]] |----- | Dernier lundi de mai ou premier lundi de juin | Jour férié du printemps || Spring Bank Holiday | Traditionnellement Pentecôte |- {{ligne grise}} | [[12 juillet]] || [[Bataille de la Boyne]] | Battle of the Boyne / Orangemen's Holiday | Jour férié pour l'[[Ordre Orange]] (en Irlande du nord seulement) |----- | Premier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (en Écosse seulement) |- {{ligne grise}} | Dernier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (pas en Écosse) |----- | [[25 décembre]] || [[Noël]] || Christmas Day | Naissance de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |- {{ligne grise}} | [[26 décembre]] || [[Lendemain de Noël]] | Boxing Day || |} == Divers == == Noms officiels == *United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ([[anglais]]) La [[Charte européenne des langues régionales ou minoritaires]] reconnaît le [[gallois]], l'[[écossais]], l'[[irlandais]], le [[cornique]] et le [[scots]] comme langues régionales du Royaume-Uni respectivement nommé ainsi : *Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon ([[gallois]]) *An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath ([[écossais]]) *Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann ([[irlandais]]) *An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh ([[cornique]]) *Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland ([[scots]]) == Voir aussi == {{commons|Category:United Kingdom|le Royaume-Uni}} {{wikitravel|les Royaume-Uni|Royaume-Uni}} === [[Wikipédia:Liens externes|Liens externes]] === * {{en}} [http://www.ukonline.gov.uk/ Portail de l'administration britannique] * {{en}} [http://www.parliament.uk Parlement du Royaume-Uni] * {{fr}} [http://fr.jurispedia.org/index.php/Royaume-Uni_de_Grande-Bretagne_et_d%27Irlande_du_Nord Le droit du Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord (Jurispedia)] {{Pays d'Europe (UE)}} [[catégorie:Royaume-Uni|*]] 6257 2005-09-16T04:29:14Z Node ue 31 rm excess english, french {{bokokani}} == Historia == == Politiki == == Voir aussi == {{commons|Category:United Kingdom|le Royaume-Uni}} === [[Wikipédia:Liens externes|Liens externes]] === * {{en}} [http://www.ukonline.gov.uk/ Portail de l'administration britannique] * {{en}} [http://www.parliament.uk Parlement du Royaume-Uni] * {{fr}} [http://fr.jurispedia.org/index.php/Royaume-Uni_de_Grande-Bretagne_et_d%27Irlande_du_Nord Le droit du Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord (Jurispedia)] {{Pays d'Europe (UE)}} [[af:Verenigde Koninkryk]] [[ar:مملكة متحدة]] [[bg:Обединено кралство]] [[br:Rouantelezh Unanet]] [[ca:Regne Unit de la Gran Bretanya i Irlanda del Nord]] [[cs:Velká Británie]] [[cy:Y Deyrnas Unedig]] [[da:Det Forenede Kongerige]] [[de:Großbritannien und Nordirland]] [[et:Suurbritannia]] [[el:Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο]] [[en:United Kingdom]] [[es:Reino Unido]] [[eo:Unuigita Reĝlando de Britio kaj Nord-Irlando]] [[ga:An Ríocht Aontaithe]] [[gl:Reino Unido]] [[ko:영국]] [[id:Britania Raya]] [[ia:Regno Unite]] [[it:Regno Unito]] [[he:הממלכה המאוחדת]] [[la:Regnum Unitum]] [[lt:Jungtinė Karalystė]] [[ms:United Kingdom]] [[nl:Verenigd Koninkrijk]] [[ja:イギリス]] [[no:Storbritannia]] [[oc:Reialme Unit]] [[nds:Groot Britannien]] [[pl:Wielka Brytania]] [[pt:Reino Unido]] [[ro:Regatul Unit]] [[rm:Reginavel Unì da la Gronda Britannia ed Irlanda dal Nord]] [[ru:Великобритания]] [[simple:United Kingdom]] [[sl:Združeno kraljestvo]] [[fi:Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta]] [[sv:Storbritannien]] [[tl:Nagkakaisang Kaharian]] [[ur:برطانیہ]] [[vi:Liên hiệp Vương quốc Anh và Bắc Ai-len]] [[zh-cn:英国]] [[zh-tw:英國]] [[zh-min-nan:Li&#226;n-ha&#781;p &#212;ng-kok]] 6321 2005-09-27T11:37:04Z Bombo 12 Reverted edit of Node ue, changed back to last version by Bombo [[af:Verenigde Koninkryk]] [[ar:مملكة متحدة]] [[bg:Обединено кралство]] [[br:Rouantelezh Unanet]] [[ca:Regne Unit de la Gran Bretanya i Irlanda del Nord]] [[cs:Velká Británie]] [[cy:Y Deyrnas Unedig]] [[da:Det Forenede Kongerige]] [[de:Großbritannien und Nordirland]] [[et:Suurbritannia]] [[el:Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο]] [[en:United Kingdom]] [[es:Reino Unido]] [[eo:Unuigita Reĝlando de Britio kaj Nord-Irlando]] [[ga:An Ríocht Aontaithe]] [[gl:Reino Unido]] [[ko:영국]] [[id:Britania Raya]] [[ia:Regno Unite]] [[it:Regno Unito]] [[he:הממלכה המאוחדת]] [[la:Regnum Unitum]] [[lt:Jungtinė Karalystė]] [[ms:United Kingdom]] [[nl:Verenigd Koninkrijk]] [[ja:イギリス]] [[no:Storbritannia]] [[oc:Reialme Unit]] [[nds:Groot Britannien]] [[pl:Wielka Brytania]] [[pt:Reino Unido]] [[ro:Regatul Unit]] [[rm:Reginavel Unì da la Gronda Britannia ed Irlanda dal Nord]] [[ru:Великобритания]] [[simple:United Kingdom]] [[sl:Združeno kraljestvo]] [[fi:Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta]] [[sv:Storbritannien]][[tl:Nagkakaisang Kaharian]] [[ur:برطانیہ]] [[vi:Liên hiệp Vương quốc Anh và Bắc Ai-len]] [[zh-cn:英国]] [[zh-tw:英國]] [[zh-min-nan:Li&#226;n-ha&#781;p &#212;ng-kok]] {{bokokani}} {{Infobox_country| native_name = United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | common_name = Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ | image_flag = uk flag large.png | image_coat = UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png | image_map = LocationUnitedKingdom.png | national_motto = [[Dieu et mon droit]] (Royal motto)<br>([[Lifalansé]]: Nzambe nde likokí na ngai)''<sup>2</sup></small> | national_anthem = [[God Save the Queen]]<sup>3</sup> | official_languages = [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|None]]; [[Lingɛlɛsa]] ''[[de facto]]'' <sup>4</sup> | capital = [[Londoni]] | latd=51|latm=30|latNS=N|longd=0|longm=7|longEW=W| largest_city = [[Londoni]] | government_type = [[Constitutional monarchy]] | leader_titles = [[British monarchy|Queen]]<br>[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] | leader_names = [[Elizabeth II ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|Elizabeth II]]<br>[[Tony Blair]] | area_rank = 77th | area_magnitude = 1 E11 | area = 244,820 | percent_water = 1.3% | population_estimate_year = Yuli 2003 | population_estimate = 59,553,800 <sup>6</sup>| population_estimate_rank = 22nd | population_census = 58,789,194 | population_census_year = 2001 | population_density = 246.5 | population_density_rank = 49th | GDP_PPP_year = 2005 | GDP_PPP = $1,825,837 million | GDP_PPP_rank = 6th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,658 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 15th | sovereignty_type = [[Act of Union 1800|Establishment]] | established_events = | established_dates = 1801<sup>5</sup>| currency = [[Pound Sterling|British pound]] (&pound;) | currency_code = GBP | time_zone = [[GMT]] | utc_offset = +0 | time_zone_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | cctld= [[.uk]]<sup>7</sup> | calling_code = 44 | footnotes = <sup>1</sup>In the UK, [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|some other language]]s have been officially recognised as legitimate [[autochthonous language|autochthonous]] [[regional language|(regional) languages]] under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]]. In each of these, the UK's official name is as follows: *<small>[[Welsh language|Welsh]]: ''Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon'' *<small>[[Gayeliki y'Ekósi]]: ''An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath'' *<small>[[Kirlándi]]: ''Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Tuaisceart na hÉireann'' *<small>[[Cornish language|Cornish]]: ''An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh'' *<small>[[Kiekósi]]: ''Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland''<br/> <small><sup>2</sup> The Royal motto in Scotland is ''Nemo Me Impune Lacessit'' ([[Latin]]: "No-one harms me with impunity").<br><sup>3</sup> Unofficial.<br><sup>4</sup> Officially recognised regional languages:<br>in [[Wales]]: [[Welsh language|Welsh]]; and in [[Scotland]]: [[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic]] since 2004 Act.<br><sup>5</sup> Formed as ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland''. Name changed to the ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'' in 1927.<br><sup>6</sup> Official estimate provided by the UK [[Office for National Statistics]]. As of April 2005, the July 2004 estimates were not yet available.<br><sup>7</sup> [[ISO 3166-1]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is unused}} == Historia == == Politiki == <br clear="all"/> == Subdivisions == {{UK}} == Géographie == == Économie == == Démographie == [[Image:United-Kingdom-demography.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] == Culture == {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! Nom Lingála !! Nom local !! Remarques |- | {{1er janvier}} | Jour de l'an || New Year's Day | Le premier jour de la nouvelle année est férié partout |- {{ligne grise}} | [[2 janvier]] || Second jour de l'an | January 2nd Holiday | Le second jour de la nouvelle année est férié en Écosse seulement |----- | [[17 mars]] || [[Saint Patrick|St Patrick]] || St Patrick's Day | Jour férié en Irlande du nord seulement |- {{ligne grise}} | [[Pâques]] est le premier dimanche qui suit la première pleine Lune de Printemps.<br /> Vendredi avant le Dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | [[Vendredi saint]] || Good Friday | Crucifixion de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |----- | [[Lundi]] suivant le dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | Lundi de [[Pâques]] || Easter Monday | Résurrection de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] (pas en Écosse) |- {{ligne grise}} | Premier lundi de mai || 1{{er}} mai | May Day | Traditionnellement [[1er mai|1{{er}} mai]] |----- | Dernier lundi de mai ou premier lundi de juin | Jour férié du printemps || Spring Bank Holiday | Traditionnellement Pentecôte |- {{ligne grise}} | [[12 juillet]] || [[Bataille de la Boyne]] | Battle of the Boyne / Orangemen's Holiday | Jour férié pour l'[[Ordre Orange]] (en Irlande du nord seulement) |----- | Premier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (en Écosse seulement) |- {{ligne grise}} | Dernier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (pas en Écosse) |----- | [[25 décembre]] || [[Noël]] || Christmas Day | Naissance de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |- {{ligne grise}} | [[26 décembre]] || [[Lendemain de Noël]] | Boxing Day || |} == Divers == == Noms officiels == *United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ([[anglais]]) La [[Charte européenne des langues régionales ou minoritaires]] reconnaît le [[gallois]], l'[[écossais]], l'[[irlandais]], le [[cornique]] et le [[scots]] comme langues régionales du Royaume-Uni respectivement nommé ainsi : *Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon ([[gallois]]) *An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath ([[écossais]]) *Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann ([[irlandais]]) *An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh ([[cornique]]) *Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland ([[scots]]) == Voir aussi == {{commons|Category:United Kingdom|le Royaume-Uni}} {{wikitravel|les Royaume-Uni|Royaume-Uni}} === [[Wikipédia:Liens externes|Liens externes]] === * {{en}} [http://www.ukonline.gov.uk/ Portail de l'administration britannique] * {{en}} [http://www.parliament.uk Parlement du Royaume-Uni] * {{fr}} [http://fr.jurispedia.org/index.php/Royaume-Uni_de_Grande-Bretagne_et_d%27Irlande_du_Nord Le droit du Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord (Jurispedia)] {{Pays d'Europe (UE)}} [[catégorie:Royaume-Uni|*]] 6690 2005-11-05T10:29:54Z Moyogo 11 +lingála tɛ́ [[af:Verenigde Koninkryk]] [[ar:مملكة متحدة]] [[bg:Обединено кралство]] [[br:Rouantelezh Unanet]] [[ca:Regne Unit de la Gran Bretanya i Irlanda del Nord]] [[cs:Velká Británie]] [[cy:Y Deyrnas Unedig]] [[da:Det Forenede Kongerige]] [[de:Großbritannien und Nordirland]] [[et:Suurbritannia]] [[el:Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο]] [[en:United Kingdom]] [[es:Reino Unido]] [[eo:Unuigita Reĝlando de Britio kaj Nord-Irlando]] [[ga:An Ríocht Aontaithe]] [[gl:Reino Unido]] [[ko:영국]] [[id:Britania Raya]] [[ia:Regno Unite]] [[it:Regno Unito]] [[he:הממלכה המאוחדת]] [[la:Regnum Unitum]] [[lt:Jungtinė Karalystė]] [[ms:United Kingdom]] [[nl:Verenigd Koninkrijk]] [[ja:イギリス]] [[no:Storbritannia]] [[oc:Reialme Unit]] [[nds:Groot Britannien]] [[pl:Wielka Brytania]] [[pt:Reino Unido]] [[ro:Regatul Unit]] [[rm:Reginavel Unì da la Gronda Britannia ed Irlanda dal Nord]] [[ru:Великобритания]] [[simple:United Kingdom]] [[sl:Združeno kraljestvo]] [[fi:Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta]] [[sv:Storbritannien]][[tl:Nagkakaisang Kaharian]] [[ur:برطانیہ]] [[vi:Liên hiệp Vương quốc Anh và Bắc Ai-len]] [[zh-cn:英国]] [[zh-tw:英國]] [[zh-min-nan:Li&#226;n-ha&#781;p &#212;ng-kok]] {{bokokani}} {{lingála tɛ́}} {{Infobox_country| nkómbó_na_lokóta = United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | nkómbó = Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ | image_flag = uk flag large.png | image_coat = UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png | image_map = LocationUnitedKingdom.png | mokáno = [[Dieu et mon droit]] (Royal motto)<br>([[Lifalansé]]: Nzámbe ndé likoki na ngáí)''<sup>2</sup></small> | loyémbo = [[God Save the Queen]]<sup>3</sup> | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|None]]; [[Lingɛlɛsa]] ''[[de facto]]'' <sup>4</sup> | engúmba_mokonzi = [[Londoni]] | latd=51|latm=30|latNS=N|longd=0|longm=7|longEW=W| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Londoni]] | government_type = [[Constitutional monarchy]] | leader_titles = [[British monarchy|Queen]]<br>[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] | leader_names = [[Elizabeth II ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|Elizabeth II]]<br>[[Tony Blair]] | area_rank = 77th | area_magnitude = 1 E11 | area = 244,820 | percent_water = 1.3% | population_estimate_year = Yuli 2003 | population_estimate = 59,553,800 <sup>6</sup>| population_estimate_rank = 22nd | population_census = 58,789,194 | population_census_year = 2001 | population_density = 246.5 | population_density_rank = 49th | GDP_PPP_year = 2005 | GDP_PPP = $1,825,837 million | GDP_PPP_rank = 6th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,658 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 15th | sovereignty_type = [[Act of Union 1800|Establishment]] | established_events = | established_dates = 1801<sup>5</sup>| mosɔlɔ = [[Pound Sterling|British pound]] (&pound;) | currency_code = GBP | ngonga = [[GMT]] | utc_offset = +0 | ngonga_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | cctld= [[.uk]]<sup>7</sup> | calling_code = 44 | footnotes = <sup>1</sup>In the UK, [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|some other language]]s have been officially recognised as legitimate [[autochthonous language|autochthonous]] [[regional language|(regional) languages]] under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]]. In each of these, the UK's official name is as follows: *<small>[[Welsh language|Welsh]]: ''Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon'' *<small>[[Gayeliki y'Ekósi]]: ''An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath'' *<small>[[Kirlándi]]: ''Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Tuaisceart na hÉireann'' *<small>[[Cornish language|Cornish]]: ''An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh'' *<small>[[Kiekósi]]: ''Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland''<br/> <small><sup>2</sup> The Royal motto in Scotland is ''Nemo Me Impune Lacessit'' ([[Latin]]: "No-one harms me with impunity").<br><sup>3</sup> Unofficial.<br><sup>4</sup> Officially recognised regional languages:<br>in [[Wales]]: [[Welsh language|Welsh]]; and in [[Scotland]]: [[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic]] since 2004 Act.<br><sup>5</sup> Formed as ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland''. Name changed to the ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'' in 1927.<br><sup>6</sup> Official estimate provided by the UK [[Office for National Statistics]]. As of April 2005, the July 2004 estimates were not yet available.<br><sup>7</sup> [[ISO 3166-1]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is unused}} == Historia == == Politiki == <br clear="all"/> == Subdivisions == {{UK}} == Géographie == == Économie == == Démographie == [[Image:United-Kingdom-demography.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] == Culture == {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! Nom Lingála !! Nom local !! Remarques |- | {{1er janvier}} | Jour de l'an || New Year's Day | Le premier jour de la nouvelle année est férié partout |- {{ligne grise}} | [[2 janvier]] || Second jour de l'an | January 2nd Holiday | Le second jour de la nouvelle année est férié en Écosse seulement |----- | [[17 mars]] || [[Saint Patrick|St Patrick]] || St Patrick's Day | Jour férié en Irlande du nord seulement |- {{ligne grise}} | [[Pâques]] est le premier dimanche qui suit la première pleine Lune de Printemps.<br /> Vendredi avant le Dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | [[Vendredi saint]] || Good Friday | Crucifixion de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |----- | [[Lundi]] suivant le dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | Lundi de [[Pâques]] || Easter Monday | Résurrection de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] (pas en Écosse) |- {{ligne grise}} | Premier lundi de mai || 1{{er}} mai | May Day | Traditionnellement [[1er mai|1{{er}} mai]] |----- | Dernier lundi de mai ou premier lundi de juin | Jour férié du printemps || Spring Bank Holiday | Traditionnellement Pentecôte |- {{ligne grise}} | [[12 juillet]] || [[Bataille de la Boyne]] | Battle of the Boyne / Orangemen's Holiday | Jour férié pour l'[[Ordre Orange]] (en Irlande du nord seulement) |----- | Premier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (en Écosse seulement) |- {{ligne grise}} | Dernier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (pas en Écosse) |----- | [[25 décembre]] || [[Noël]] || Christmas Day | Naissance de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |- {{ligne grise}} | [[26 décembre]] || [[Lendemain de Noël]] | Boxing Day || |} == Divers == == Noms officiels == *United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ([[anglais]]) La [[Charte européenne des langues régionales ou minoritaires]] reconnaît le [[gallois]], l'[[écossais]], l'[[irlandais]], le [[cornique]] et le [[scots]] comme langues régionales du Royaume-Uni respectivement nommé ainsi : *Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon ([[gallois]]) *An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath ([[écossais]]) *Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann ([[irlandais]]) *An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh ([[cornique]]) *Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland ([[scots]]) == Voir aussi == {{commons|Category:United Kingdom|le Royaume-Uni}} {{wikitravel|les Royaume-Uni|Royaume-Uni}} === [[Wikipédia:Liens externes|Liens externes]] === * {{en}} [http://www.ukonline.gov.uk/ Portail de l'administration britannique] * {{en}} [http://www.parliament.uk Parlement du Royaume-Uni] * {{fr}} [http://fr.jurispedia.org/index.php/Royaume-Uni_de_Grande-Bretagne_et_d%27Irlande_du_Nord Le droit du Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord (Jurispedia)] {{Pays d'Europe (UE)}} [[catégorie:Royaume-Uni|*]] 6698 2005-11-05T13:29:40Z Moyogo 11 [[af:Verenigde Koninkryk]] [[ar:مملكة متحدة]] [[bg:Обединено кралство]] [[br:Rouantelezh Unanet]] [[ca:Regne Unit de la Gran Bretanya i Irlanda del Nord]] [[cs:Velká Británie]] [[cy:Y Deyrnas Unedig]] [[da:Det Forenede Kongerige]] [[de:Großbritannien und Nordirland]] [[et:Suurbritannia]] [[el:Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο]] [[en:United Kingdom]] [[es:Reino Unido]] [[eo:Unuigita Reĝlando de Britio kaj Nord-Irlando]] [[ga:An Ríocht Aontaithe]] [[gl:Reino Unido]] [[ko:영국]] [[id:Britania Raya]] [[ia:Regno Unite]] [[it:Regno Unito]] [[he:הממלכה המאוחדת]] [[la:Regnum Unitum]] [[lt:Jungtinė Karalystė]] [[ms:United Kingdom]] [[nl:Verenigd Koninkrijk]] [[ja:イギリス]] [[no:Storbritannia]] [[oc:Reialme Unit]] [[nds:Groot Britannien]] [[pl:Wielka Brytania]] [[pt:Reino Unido]] [[ro:Regatul Unit]] [[rm:Reginavel Unì da la Gronda Britannia ed Irlanda dal Nord]] [[ru:Великобритания]] [[simple:United Kingdom]] [[sl:Združeno kraljestvo]] [[fi:Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta]] [[sv:Storbritannien]][[tl:Nagkakaisang Kaharian]] [[ur:برطانیہ]] [[vi:Liên hiệp Vương quốc Anh và Bắc Ai-len]] [[zh-cn:英国]] [[zh-tw:英國]] [[zh-min-nan:Li&#226;n-ha&#781;p &#212;ng-kok]] {{bokokani}} {{lingála tɛ́}} {{Infobox_country| nkómbó_na_lokóta = United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | nkómbó = Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ | image_flag = uk flag large.png | image_coat = UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png | image_map = LocationUnitedKingdom.png | mokáno = [[Dieu et mon droit]] (Royal motto)<br>([[Lifalansé]]: Nzámbe ndé likoki na ngáí)''<sup>2</sup></small> | loyémbo = [[God Save the Queen]]<sup>3</sup> | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|None]]; [[Lingɛlɛ́sa]] ''[[de facto]]'' <sup>4</sup> | engúmba_mokonzi = [[Londoni]] | latd=51|latm=30|latNS=N|longd=0|longm=7|longEW=W| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Londoni]] | government_type = [[Constitutional monarchy]] | leader_titles = [[British monarchy|Queen]]<br>[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] | leader_names = [[Elizabeth II ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|Elizabeth II]]<br>[[Tony Blair]] | area_rank = 77th | area_magnitude = 1 E11 | area = 244,820 | percent_water = 1.3% | population_estimate_year = Yuli 2003 | population_estimate = 59,553,800 <sup>6</sup>| population_estimate_rank = 22nd | population_census = 58,789,194 | population_census_year = 2001 | population_density = 246.5 | population_density_rank = 49th | GDP_PPP_year = 2005 | GDP_PPP = $1,825,837 million | GDP_PPP_rank = 6th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,658 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 15th | sovereignty_type = [[Act of Union 1800|Establishment]] | established_events = | established_dates = 1801<sup>5</sup>| mosɔlɔ = [[Pound Sterling|British pound]] (&pound;) | currency_code = GBP | ngonga = [[GMT]] | utc_offset = +0 | ngonga_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | cctld= [[.uk]]<sup>7</sup> | calling_code = 44 | footnotes = <sup>1</sup>In the UK, [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|some other language]]s have been officially recognised as legitimate [[autochthonous language|autochthonous]] [[regional language|(regional) languages]] under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]]. In each of these, the UK's official name is as follows: *<small>[[Welsh language|Welsh]]: ''Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon'' *<small>[[Gayeliki y'Ekósi]]: ''An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath'' *<small>[[Kirlándi]]: ''Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Tuaisceart na hÉireann'' *<small>[[Cornish language|Cornish]]: ''An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh'' *<small>[[Kiekósi]]: ''Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland''<br/> <small><sup>2</sup> The Royal motto in Scotland is ''Nemo Me Impune Lacessit'' ([[Latin]]: "No-one harms me with impunity").<br><sup>3</sup> Unofficial.<br><sup>4</sup> Officially recognised regional languages:<br>in [[Wales]]: [[Welsh language|Welsh]]; and in [[Scotland]]: [[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic]] since 2004 Act.<br><sup>5</sup> Formed as ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland''. Name changed to the ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'' in 1927.<br><sup>6</sup> Official estimate provided by the UK [[Office for National Statistics]]. As of April 2005, the July 2004 estimates were not yet available.<br><sup>7</sup> [[ISO 3166-1]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is unused}} == Historia == == Politiki == <br clear="all"/> == Subdivisions == {{UK}} == Géographie == == Économie == == Démographie == [[Image:United-Kingdom-demography.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] == Culture == {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! Nom Lingála !! Nom local !! Remarques |- | {{1er janvier}} | Jour de l'an || New Year's Day | Le premier jour de la nouvelle année est férié partout |- {{ligne grise}} | [[2 janvier]] || Second jour de l'an | January 2nd Holiday | Le second jour de la nouvelle année est férié en Écosse seulement |----- | [[17 mars]] || [[Saint Patrick|St Patrick]] || St Patrick's Day | Jour férié en Irlande du nord seulement |- {{ligne grise}} | [[Pâques]] est le premier dimanche qui suit la première pleine Lune de Printemps.<br /> Vendredi avant le Dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | [[Vendredi saint]] || Good Friday | Crucifixion de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |----- | [[Lundi]] suivant le dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | Lundi de [[Pâques]] || Easter Monday | Résurrection de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] (pas en Écosse) |- {{ligne grise}} | Premier lundi de mai || 1{{er}} mai | May Day | Traditionnellement [[1er mai|1{{er}} mai]] |----- | Dernier lundi de mai ou premier lundi de juin | Jour férié du printemps || Spring Bank Holiday | Traditionnellement Pentecôte |- {{ligne grise}} | [[12 juillet]] || [[Bataille de la Boyne]] | Battle of the Boyne / Orangemen's Holiday | Jour férié pour l'[[Ordre Orange]] (en Irlande du nord seulement) |----- | Premier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (en Écosse seulement) |- {{ligne grise}} | Dernier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (pas en Écosse) |----- | [[25 décembre]] || [[Noël]] || Christmas Day | Naissance de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |- {{ligne grise}} | [[26 décembre]] || [[Lendemain de Noël]] | Boxing Day || |} == Divers == == Noms officiels == *United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ([[anglais]]) La [[Charte européenne des langues régionales ou minoritaires]] reconnaît le [[gallois]], l'[[écossais]], l'[[irlandais]], le [[cornique]] et le [[scots]] comme langues régionales du Royaume-Uni respectivement nommé ainsi : *Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon ([[gallois]]) *An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath ([[écossais]]) *Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann ([[irlandais]]) *An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh ([[cornique]]) *Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland ([[scots]]) == Voir aussi == {{commons|Category:United Kingdom|le Royaume-Uni}} {{wikitravel|les Royaume-Uni|Royaume-Uni}} === [[Wikipédia:Liens externes|Liens externes]] === * {{en}} [http://www.ukonline.gov.uk/ Portail de l'administration britannique] * {{en}} [http://www.parliament.uk Parlement du Royaume-Uni] * {{fr}} [http://fr.jurispedia.org/index.php/Royaume-Uni_de_Grande-Bretagne_et_d%27Irlande_du_Nord Le droit du Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord (Jurispedia)] {{Pays d'Europe (UE)}} [[catégorie:Royaume-Uni|*]] 6942 2005-11-21T00:47:00Z Blockinblox 38 rm modele [[af:Verenigde Koninkryk]] [[ar:مملكة متحدة]] [[bg:Обединено кралство]] [[br:Rouantelezh Unanet]] [[ca:Regne Unit de la Gran Bretanya i Irlanda del Nord]] [[cs:Velká Británie]] [[cy:Y Deyrnas Unedig]] [[da:Det Forenede Kongerige]] [[de:Großbritannien und Nordirland]] [[et:Suurbritannia]] [[el:Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο]] [[en:United Kingdom]] [[es:Reino Unido]] [[eo:Unuigita Reĝlando de Britio kaj Nord-Irlando]] [[ga:An Ríocht Aontaithe]] [[gl:Reino Unido]] [[ko:영국]] [[id:Britania Raya]] [[ia:Regno Unite]] [[it:Regno Unito]] [[he:הממלכה המאוחדת]] [[la:Regnum Unitum]] [[lt:Jungtinė Karalystė]] [[ms:United Kingdom]] [[nl:Verenigd Koninkrijk]] [[ja:イギリス]] [[no:Storbritannia]] [[oc:Reialme Unit]] [[nds:Groot Britannien]] [[pl:Wielka Brytania]] [[pt:Reino Unido]] [[ro:Regatul Unit]] [[rm:Reginavel Unì da la Gronda Britannia ed Irlanda dal Nord]] [[ru:Великобритания]] [[simple:United Kingdom]] [[sl:Združeno kraljestvo]] [[fi:Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta]] [[sv:Storbritannien]][[tl:Nagkakaisang Kaharian]] [[ur:برطانیہ]] [[vi:Liên hiệp Vương quốc Anh và Bắc Ai-len]] [[zh-cn:英国]] [[zh-tw:英國]] [[zh-min-nan:Li&#226;n-ha&#781;p &#212;ng-kok]] {{bokokani}} {{Infobox_country| nkómbó_na_lokóta = United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | nkómbó = Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ | image_flag = uk flag large.png | image_coat = UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png | image_map = LocationUnitedKingdom.png | mokáno = [[Dieu et mon droit]] (Royal motto)<br>([[Lifalansé]]: Nzámbe ndé likoki na ngáí)''<sup>2</sup></small> | loyémbo = [[God Save the Queen]]<sup>3</sup> | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|None]]; [[Lingɛlɛ́sa]] ''[[de facto]]'' <sup>4</sup> | engúmba_mokonzi = [[Londoni]] | latd=51|latm=30|latNS=N|longd=0|longm=7|longEW=W| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Londoni]] | government_type = [[Constitutional monarchy]] | leader_titles = [[British monarchy|Queen]]<br>[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] | leader_names = [[Elizabeth II ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|Elizabeth II]]<br>[[Tony Blair]] | area_rank = 77th | area_magnitude = 1 E11 | area = 244,820 | percent_water = 1.3% | population_estimate_year = Yuli 2003 | population_estimate = 59,553,800 <sup>6</sup>| population_estimate_rank = 22nd | population_census = 58,789,194 | population_census_year = 2001 | population_density = 246.5 | population_density_rank = 49th | GDP_PPP_year = 2005 | GDP_PPP = $1,825,837 million | GDP_PPP_rank = 6th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,658 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 15th | sovereignty_type = [[Act of Union 1800|Establishment]] | established_events = | established_dates = 1801<sup>5</sup>| mosɔlɔ = [[Pound Sterling|British pound]] (&pound;) | currency_code = GBP | ngonga = [[GMT]] | utc_offset = +0 | ngonga_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | cctld= [[.uk]]<sup>7</sup> | calling_code = 44 | footnotes = <sup>1</sup>In the UK, [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|some other language]]s have been officially recognised as legitimate [[autochthonous language|autochthonous]] [[regional language|(regional) languages]] under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]]. In each of these, the UK's official name is as follows: *<small>[[Welsh language|Welsh]]: ''Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon'' *<small>[[Gayeliki y'Ekósi]]: ''An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath'' *<small>[[Kirlándi]]: ''Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Tuaisceart na hÉireann'' *<small>[[Cornish language|Cornish]]: ''An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh'' *<small>[[Kiekósi]]: ''Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland''<br/> <small><sup>2</sup> The Royal motto in Scotland is ''Nemo Me Impune Lacessit'' ([[Latin]]: "No-one harms me with impunity").<br><sup>3</sup> Unofficial.<br><sup>4</sup> Officially recognised regional languages:<br>in [[Wales]]: [[Welsh language|Welsh]]; and in [[Scotland]]: [[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic]] since 2004 Act.<br><sup>5</sup> Formed as ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland''. Name changed to the ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'' in 1927.<br><sup>6</sup> Official estimate provided by the UK [[Office for National Statistics]]. As of April 2005, the July 2004 estimates were not yet available.<br><sup>7</sup> [[ISO 3166-1]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is unused}} == Historia == == Politiki == <br clear="all"/> == Subdivisions == {{UK}} == Géographie == == Économie == == Démographie == [[Image:United-Kingdom-demography.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] == Culture == {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! Nom Lingála !! Nom local !! Remarques |- | {{1er janvier}} | Jour de l'an || New Year's Day | Le premier jour de la nouvelle année est férié partout |- {{ligne grise}} | [[2 janvier]] || Second jour de l'an | January 2nd Holiday | Le second jour de la nouvelle année est férié en Écosse seulement |----- | [[17 mars]] || [[Saint Patrick|St Patrick]] || St Patrick's Day | Jour férié en Irlande du nord seulement |- {{ligne grise}} | [[Pâques]] est le premier dimanche qui suit la première pleine Lune de Printemps.<br /> Vendredi avant le Dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | [[Vendredi saint]] || Good Friday | Crucifixion de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |----- | [[Lundi]] suivant le dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | Lundi de [[Pâques]] || Easter Monday | Résurrection de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] (pas en Écosse) |- {{ligne grise}} | Premier lundi de mai || 1{{er}} mai | May Day | Traditionnellement [[1er mai|1{{er}} mai]] |----- | Dernier lundi de mai ou premier lundi de juin | Jour férié du printemps || Spring Bank Holiday | Traditionnellement Pentecôte |- {{ligne grise}} | [[12 juillet]] || [[Bataille de la Boyne]] | Battle of the Boyne / Orangemen's Holiday | Jour férié pour l'[[Ordre Orange]] (en Irlande du nord seulement) |----- | Premier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (en Écosse seulement) |- {{ligne grise}} | Dernier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (pas en Écosse) |----- | [[25 décembre]] || [[Noël]] || Christmas Day | Naissance de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |- {{ligne grise}} | [[26 décembre]] || [[Lendemain de Noël]] | Boxing Day || |} == Divers == == Noms officiels == *United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ([[anglais]]) La [[Charte européenne des langues régionales ou minoritaires]] reconnaît le [[gallois]], l'[[écossais]], l'[[irlandais]], le [[cornique]] et le [[scots]] comme langues régionales du Royaume-Uni respectivement nommé ainsi : *Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon ([[gallois]]) *An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath ([[écossais]]) *Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann ([[irlandais]]) *An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh ([[cornique]]) *Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland ([[scots]]) == Voir aussi == {{commons|Category:United Kingdom|le Royaume-Uni}} {{wikitravel|les Royaume-Uni|Royaume-Uni}} === [[Wikipédia:Liens externes|Liens externes]] === * {{en}} [http://www.ukonline.gov.uk/ Portail de l'administration britannique] * {{en}} [http://www.parliament.uk Parlement du Royaume-Uni] * {{fr}} [http://fr.jurispedia.org/index.php/Royaume-Uni_de_Grande-Bretagne_et_d%27Irlande_du_Nord Le droit du Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord (Jurispedia)] {{Pays d'Europe (UE)}} [[catégorie:Royaume-Uni|*]] 7193 2005-12-05T11:31:30Z Bombo 12 {{Template:Bisé ya Eropa}} {{bokokani}} {{Infobox_country| nkómbó_na_lokóta = United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | nkómbó = Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ | image_flag = uk flag large.png | image_coat = UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png | image_map = LocationUnitedKingdom.png | mokáno = [[Dieu et mon droit]] (Royal motto)<br>([[Lifalansé]]: Nzámbe ndé likoki na ngáí)''<sup>2</sup></small> | loyémbo = [[God Save the Queen]]<sup>3</sup> | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|None]]; [[Lingɛlɛ́sa]] ''[[de facto]]'' <sup>4</sup> | engúmba_mokonzi = [[Londoni]] | latd=51|latm=30|latNS=N|longd=0|longm=7|longEW=W| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Londoni]] | government_type = [[Constitutional monarchy]] | leader_titles = [[British monarchy|Queen]]<br>[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] | leader_names = [[Elizabeth II ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|Elizabeth II]]<br>[[Tony Blair]] | area_rank = 77th | area_magnitude = 1 E11 | area = 244,820 | percent_water = 1.3% | population_estimate_year = Yuli 2003 | population_estimate = 59,553,800 <sup>6</sup>| population_estimate_rank = 22nd | population_census = 58,789,194 | population_census_year = 2001 | population_density = 246.5 | population_density_rank = 49th | GDP_PPP_year = 2005 | GDP_PPP = $1,825,837 million | GDP_PPP_rank = 6th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,658 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 15th | sovereignty_type = [[Act of Union 1800|Establishment]] | established_events = | established_dates = 1801<sup>5</sup>| mosɔlɔ = [[Pound Sterling|British pound]] (&pound;) | currency_code = GBP | ngonga = [[GMT]] | utc_offset = +0 | ngonga_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | cctld= [[.uk]]<sup>7</sup> | calling_code = 44 | footnotes = <sup>1</sup>In the UK, [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|some other language]]s have been officially recognised as legitimate [[autochthonous language|autochthonous]] [[regional language|(regional) languages]] under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]]. In each of these, the UK's official name is as follows: *<small>[[Welsh language|Welsh]]: ''Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon'' *<small>[[Gayeliki y'Ekósi]]: ''An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath'' *<small>[[Kirlándi]]: ''Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Tuaisceart na hÉireann'' *<small>[[Cornish language|Cornish]]: ''An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh'' *<small>[[Kiekósi]]: ''Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland''<br/> <small><sup>2</sup> The Royal motto in Scotland is ''Nemo Me Impune Lacessit'' ([[Latin]]: "No-one harms me with impunity").<br><sup>3</sup> Unofficial.<br><sup>4</sup> Officially recognised regional languages:<br>in [[Wales]]: [[Welsh language|Welsh]]; and in [[Scotland]]: [[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic]] since 2004 Act.<br><sup>5</sup> Formed as ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland''. Name changed to the ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'' in 1927.<br><sup>6</sup> Official estimate provided by the UK [[Office for National Statistics]]. As of April 2005, the July 2004 estimates were not yet available.<br><sup>7</sup> [[ISO 3166-1]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is unused}} == Historia == == Politiki == <br clear="all"/> == Subdivisions == {{UK}} == Géographie == == Économie == == Démographie == [[Image:United-Kingdom-demography.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] == Culture == {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! Nom Lingála !! Nom local !! Remarques |- | {{1er janvier}} | Jour de l'an || New Year's Day | Le premier jour de la nouvelle année est férié partout |- {{ligne grise}} | [[2 janvier]] || Second jour de l'an | January 2nd Holiday | Le second jour de la nouvelle année est férié en Écosse seulement |----- | [[17 mars]] || [[Saint Patrick|St Patrick]] || St Patrick's Day | Jour férié en Irlande du nord seulement |- {{ligne grise}} | [[Pâques]] est le premier dimanche qui suit la première pleine Lune de Printemps.<br /> Vendredi avant le Dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | [[Vendredi saint]] || Good Friday | Crucifixion de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |----- | [[Lundi]] suivant le dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | Lundi de [[Pâques]] || Easter Monday | Résurrection de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] (pas en Écosse) |- {{ligne grise}} | Premier lundi de mai || 1{{er}} mai | May Day | Traditionnellement [[1er mai|1{{er}} mai]] |----- | Dernier lundi de mai ou premier lundi de juin | Jour férié du printemps || Spring Bank Holiday | Traditionnellement Pentecôte |- {{ligne grise}} | [[12 juillet]] || [[Bataille de la Boyne]] | Battle of the Boyne / Orangemen's Holiday | Jour férié pour l'[[Ordre Orange]] (en Irlande du nord seulement) |----- | Premier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (en Écosse seulement) |- {{ligne grise}} | Dernier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (pas en Écosse) |----- | [[25 décembre]] || [[Noël]] || Christmas Day | Naissance de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |- {{ligne grise}} | [[26 décembre]] || [[Lendemain de Noël]] | Boxing Day || |} == Divers == == Noms officiels == *United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ([[anglais]]) La [[Charte européenne des langues régionales ou minoritaires]] reconnaît le [[gallois]], l'[[écossais]], l'[[irlandais]], le [[cornique]] et le [[scots]] comme langues régionales du Royaume-Uni respectivement nommé ainsi : *Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon ([[gallois]]) *An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath ([[écossais]]) *Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann ([[irlandais]]) *An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh ([[cornique]]) *Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland ([[scots]]) == Voir aussi == {{commons|Category:United Kingdom|le Royaume-Uni}} {{wikitravel|les Royaume-Uni|Royaume-Uni}} === [[Wikipédia:Liens externes|Liens externes]] === * {{en}} [http://www.ukonline.gov.uk/ Portail de l'administration britannique] * {{en}} [http://www.parliament.uk Parlement du Royaume-Uni] * {{fr}} [http://fr.jurispedia.org/index.php/Royaume-Uni_de_Grande-Bretagne_et_d%27Irlande_du_Nord Le droit du Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord (Jurispedia)] {{Template:Bisé ya Eropa}} [[catégorie:Royaume-Uni|*]] [[af:Verenigde Koninkryk]] [[ar:مملكة متحدة]] [[bg:Обединено кралство]] [[br:Rouantelezh Unanet]] [[ca:Regne Unit de la Gran Bretanya i Irlanda del Nord]] [[cs:Velká Británie]] [[cy:Y Deyrnas Unedig]] [[da:Det Forenede Kongerige]] [[de:Großbritannien und Nordirland]] [[et:Suurbritannia]] [[el:Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο]] [[en:United Kingdom]] [[es:Reino Unido]] [[eo:Unuigita Reĝlando de Britio kaj Nord-Irlando]] [[ga:An Ríocht Aontaithe]] [[gl:Reino Unido]] [[ko:영국]] [[id:Britania Raya]] [[ia:Regno Unite]] [[it:Regno Unito]] [[he:הממלכה המאוחדת]] [[la:Regnum Unitum]] [[lt:Jungtinė Karalystė]] [[ms:United Kingdom]] [[nl:Verenigd Koninkrijk]] [[ja:イギリス]] [[no:Storbritannia]] [[oc:Reialme Unit]] [[nds:Groot Britannien]] [[pl:Wielka Brytania]] [[pt:Reino Unido]] [[ro:Regatul Unit]] [[rm:Reginavel Unì da la Gronda Britannia ed Irlanda dal Nord]] [[ru:Великобритания]] [[simple:United Kingdom]] [[sl:Združeno kraljestvo]] [[fi:Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta]] [[sv:Storbritannien]][[tl:Nagkakaisang Kaharian]] [[ur:برطانیہ]] [[vi:Liên hiệp Vương quốc Anh và Bắc Ai-len]] [[zh-cn:英国]] [[zh-tw:英國]] [[zh-min-nan:Li&#226;n-ha&#781;p &#212;ng-kok]] 7589 2006-01-10T02:09:39Z Moyogo 11 {{bokokani}} {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó_na_lokóta = United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | nkómbó = Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ | image_flag = uk flag large.png | image_coat = UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png | image_map = LocationUnitedKingdom.png | mokáno = [[Dieu et mon droit]] (Royal motto)<br>([[Lifalansé]]: Nzámbe ndé likoki na ngáí)''<sup>2</sup></small> | loyémbo = [[God Save the Queen]]<sup>3</sup> | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|None]]; [[Lingɛlɛ́sa]] ''[[de facto]]'' <sup>4</sup> | engúmba_mokonzi = [[Londoni]] | latd=51|latm=30|latNS=N|longd=0|longm=7|longEW=W| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Londoni]] | government_type = [[Constitutional monarchy]] | leader_titles = [[British monarchy|Queen]]<br>[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] | leader_names = [[Elizabeth II ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|Elizabeth II]]<br>[[Tony Blair]] | area_rank = 77th | area_magnitude = 1 E11 | area = 244,820 | percent_water = 1.3% | population_estimate_year = Yuli 2003 | population_estimate = 59,553,800 <sup>6</sup>| population_estimate_rank = 22nd | population_census = 58,789,194 | population_census_year = 2001 | population_density = 246.5 | population_density_rank = 49th | GDP_PPP_year = 2005 | GDP_PPP = $1,825,837 million | GDP_PPP_rank = 6th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,658 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 15th | sovereignty_type = [[Act of Union 1800|Establishment]] | established_events = | established_dates = 1801<sup>5</sup>| mosɔlɔ = [[Pound Sterling|British pound]] (&pound;) | currency_code = GBP | ngonga = [[GMT]] | utc_offset = +0 | ngonga_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | cctld= [[.uk]]<sup>7</sup> | calling_code = 44 | footnotes = <sup>1</sup>In the UK, [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|some other language]]s have been officially recognised as legitimate [[autochthonous language|autochthonous]] [[regional language|(regional) languages]] under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]]. In each of these, the UK's official name is as follows: *<small>[[Welsh language|Welsh]]: ''Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon'' *<small>[[Gayeliki y'Ekósi]]: ''An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath'' *<small>[[Kirlándi]]: ''Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Tuaisceart na hÉireann'' *<small>[[Cornish language|Cornish]]: ''An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh'' *<small>[[Kiekósi]]: ''Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland''<br/> <small><sup>2</sup> The Royal motto in Scotland is ''Nemo Me Impune Lacessit'' ([[Latin]]: "No-one harms me with impunity").<br><sup>3</sup> Unofficial.<br><sup>4</sup> Officially recognised regional languages:<br>in [[Wales]]: [[Welsh language|Welsh]]; and in [[Scotland]]: [[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic]] since 2004 Act.<br><sup>5</sup> Formed as ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland''. Name changed to the ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'' in 1927.<br><sup>6</sup> Official estimate provided by the UK [[Office for National Statistics]]. As of April 2005, the July 2004 estimates were not yet available.<br><sup>7</sup> [[ISO 3166-1]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is unused}} == Historia == == Politiki == <br clear="all"/> == Subdivisions == {{UK}} == Géographie == == Économie == == Démographie == [[Image:United-Kingdom-demography.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] == Culture == {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! Nom Lingála !! Nom local !! Remarques |- | {{1er janvier}} | Jour de l'an || New Year's Day | Le premier jour de la nouvelle année est férié partout |- {{ligne grise}} | [[2 janvier]] || Second jour de l'an | January 2nd Holiday | Le second jour de la nouvelle année est férié en Écosse seulement |----- | [[17 mars]] || [[Saint Patrick|St Patrick]] || St Patrick's Day | Jour férié en Irlande du nord seulement |- {{ligne grise}} | [[Pâques]] est le premier dimanche qui suit la première pleine Lune de Printemps.<br /> Vendredi avant le Dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | [[Vendredi saint]] || Good Friday | Crucifixion de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |----- | [[Lundi]] suivant le dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | Lundi de [[Pâques]] || Easter Monday | Résurrection de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] (pas en Écosse) |- {{ligne grise}} | Premier lundi de mai || 1{{er}} mai | May Day | Traditionnellement [[1er mai|1{{er}} mai]] |----- | Dernier lundi de mai ou premier lundi de juin | Jour férié du printemps || Spring Bank Holiday | Traditionnellement Pentecôte |- {{ligne grise}} | [[12 juillet]] || [[Bataille de la Boyne]] | Battle of the Boyne / Orangemen's Holiday | Jour férié pour l'[[Ordre Orange]] (en Irlande du nord seulement) |----- | Premier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (en Écosse seulement) |- {{ligne grise}} | Dernier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (pas en Écosse) |----- | [[25 décembre]] || [[Noël]] || Christmas Day | Naissance de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |- {{ligne grise}} | [[26 décembre]] || [[Lendemain de Noël]] | Boxing Day || |} == Divers == == Noms officiels == *United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ([[anglais]]) La [[Charte européenne des langues régionales ou minoritaires]] reconnaît le [[gallois]], l'[[écossais]], l'[[irlandais]], le [[cornique]] et le [[scots]] comme langues régionales du Royaume-Uni respectivement nommé ainsi : *Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon ([[gallois]]) *An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath ([[écossais]]) *Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann ([[irlandais]]) *An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh ([[cornique]]) *Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland ([[scots]]) == Voir aussi == {{commons|Category:United Kingdom|le Royaume-Uni}} {{wikitravel|les Royaume-Uni|Royaume-Uni}} === [[Wikipédia:Liens externes|Liens externes]] === * {{en}} [http://www.ukonline.gov.uk/ Portail de l'administration britannique] * {{en}} [http://www.parliament.uk Parlement du Royaume-Uni] * {{fr}} [http://fr.jurispedia.org/index.php/Royaume-Uni_de_Grande-Bretagne_et_d%27Irlande_du_Nord Le droit du Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord (Jurispedia)] {{Template:Bisé ya Eropa}} [[catégorie:Royaume-Uni|*]] [[af:Verenigde Koninkryk]] [[ar:مملكة متحدة]] [[bg:Обединено кралство]] [[br:Rouantelezh Unanet]] [[ca:Regne Unit de la Gran Bretanya i Irlanda del Nord]] [[cs:Velká Británie]] [[cy:Y Deyrnas Unedig]] [[da:Det Forenede Kongerige]] [[de:Großbritannien und Nordirland]] [[et:Suurbritannia]] [[el:Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο]] [[en:United Kingdom]] [[es:Reino Unido]] [[eo:Unuigita Reĝlando de Britio kaj Nord-Irlando]] [[ga:An Ríocht Aontaithe]] [[gl:Reino Unido]] [[ko:영국]] [[id:Britania Raya]] [[ia:Regno Unite]] [[it:Regno Unito]] [[he:הממלכה המאוחדת]] [[la:Regnum Unitum]] [[lt:Jungtinė Karalystė]] [[ms:United Kingdom]] [[nl:Verenigd Koninkrijk]] [[ja:イギリス]] [[no:Storbritannia]] [[oc:Reialme Unit]] [[nds:Groot Britannien]] [[pl:Wielka Brytania]] [[pt:Reino Unido]] [[ro:Regatul Unit]] [[rm:Reginavel Unì da la Gronda Britannia ed Irlanda dal Nord]] [[ru:Великобритания]] [[simple:United Kingdom]] [[sl:Združeno kraljestvo]] [[fi:Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta]] [[sv:Storbritannien]][[tl:Nagkakaisang Kaharian]] [[ur:برطانیہ]] [[vi:Liên hiệp Vương quốc Anh và Bắc Ai-len]] [[zh-cn:英国]] [[zh-tw:英國]] [[zh-min-nan:Li&#226;n-ha&#781;p &#212;ng-kok]] 7590 2006-01-10T02:14:50Z Moyogo 11 {{bokokani}} '''Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ''' ezalí Lisangá ya Mani ya Britania Monɛ́nɛ mpé Irlandí ya Likólo. Mani ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ ezalí [[Elizabeth II]]. Mbóka-mokonzi ezalí [[Londoni]]. {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó_na_lokóta = United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | nkómbó = Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ | image_flag = uk flag large.png | image_coat = UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png | image_map = LocationUnitedKingdom.png | mokáno = [[Dieu et mon droit]] (Royal motto)<br>([[Lifalansé]]: Nzámbe ndé likoki na ngáí)''<sup>2</sup></small> | loyémbo = [[God Save the Queen]]<sup>3</sup> | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|None]]; [[Lingɛlɛ́sa]] ''[[de facto]]'' <sup>4</sup> | mbóka-mokonzi = [[Londoni]] | latd=51|latm=30|latNS=N|longd=0|longm=7|longEW=W| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Londoni]] | government_type = [[Constitutional monarchy]] | leader_titles = [[British monarchy|Queen]]<br>[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] | leader_names = [[Elizabeth II ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|Elizabeth II]]<br>[[Tony Blair]] | area_rank = 77th | area_magnitude = 1 E11 | area = 244,820 | percent_water = 1.3% | population_estimate_year = Yuli 2003 | population_estimate = 59,553,800 <sup>6</sup>| population_estimate_rank = 22nd | population_census = 58,789,194 | population_census_year = 2001 | population_density = 246.5 | population_density_rank = 49th | GDP_PPP_year = 2005 | GDP_PPP = $1,825,837 million | GDP_PPP_rank = 6th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,658 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 15th | sovereignty_type = [[Act of Union 1800|Establishment]] | established_events = | established_dates = 1801<sup>5</sup>| mosɔlɔ = [[Pound Sterling|British pound]] (&pound;) | currency_code = GBP | ngonga = [[GMT]] | utc_offset = +0 | ngonga_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | cctld= [[.uk]]<sup>7</sup> | calling_code = 44 | footnotes = <sup>1</sup>In the UK, [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|some other language]]s have been officially recognised as legitimate [[autochthonous language|autochthonous]] [[regional language|(regional) languages]] under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]]. In each of these, the UK's official name is as follows: *<small>[[Welsh language|Welsh]]: ''Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon'' *<small>[[Gayeliki y'Ekósi]]: ''An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath'' *<small>[[Kirlándi]]: ''Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Tuaisceart na hÉireann'' *<small>[[Cornish language|Cornish]]: ''An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh'' *<small>[[Kiekósi]]: ''Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland''<br/> <small><sup>2</sup> The Royal motto in Scotland is ''Nemo Me Impune Lacessit'' ([[Latin]]: "No-one harms me with impunity").<br><sup>3</sup> Unofficial.<br><sup>4</sup> Officially recognised regional languages:<br>in [[Wales]]: [[Welsh language|Welsh]]; and in [[Scotland]]: [[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic]] since 2004 Act.<br><sup>5</sup> Formed as ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland''. Name changed to the ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'' in 1927.<br><sup>6</sup> Official estimate provided by the UK [[Office for National Statistics]]. As of April 2005, the July 2004 estimates were not yet available.<br><sup>7</sup> [[ISO 3166-1]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is unused}} == Historia == == Politiki == <br clear="all"/> == Subdivisions == {{UK}} == Géographie == == Économie == == Démographie == [[Image:United-Kingdom-demography.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] == Culture == {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! Nom Lingála !! Nom local !! Remarques |- | {{1er janvier}} | Jour de l'an || New Year's Day | Le premier jour de la nouvelle année est férié partout |- {{ligne grise}} | [[2 janvier]] || Second jour de l'an | January 2nd Holiday | Le second jour de la nouvelle année est férié en Écosse seulement |----- | [[17 mars]] || [[Saint Patrick|St Patrick]] || St Patrick's Day | Jour férié en Irlande du nord seulement |- {{ligne grise}} | [[Pâques]] est le premier dimanche qui suit la première pleine Lune de Printemps.<br /> Vendredi avant le Dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | [[Vendredi saint]] || Good Friday | Crucifixion de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |----- | [[Lundi]] suivant le dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | Lundi de [[Pâques]] || Easter Monday | Résurrection de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] (pas en Écosse) |- {{ligne grise}} | Premier lundi de mai || 1{{er}} mai | May Day | Traditionnellement [[1er mai|1{{er}} mai]] |----- | Dernier lundi de mai ou premier lundi de juin | Jour férié du printemps || Spring Bank Holiday | Traditionnellement Pentecôte |- {{ligne grise}} | [[12 juillet]] || [[Bataille de la Boyne]] | Battle of the Boyne / Orangemen's Holiday | Jour férié pour l'[[Ordre Orange]] (en Irlande du nord seulement) |----- | Premier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (en Écosse seulement) |- {{ligne grise}} | Dernier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (pas en Écosse) |----- | [[25 décembre]] || [[Noël]] || Christmas Day | Naissance de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |- {{ligne grise}} | [[26 décembre]] || [[Lendemain de Noël]] | Boxing Day || |} == Divers == == Noms officiels == *United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ([[anglais]]) La [[Charte européenne des langues régionales ou minoritaires]] reconnaît le [[gallois]], l'[[écossais]], l'[[irlandais]], le [[cornique]] et le [[scots]] comme langues régionales du Royaume-Uni respectivement nommé ainsi : *Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon ([[gallois]]) *An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath ([[écossais]]) *Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann ([[irlandais]]) *An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh ([[cornique]]) *Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland ([[scots]]) == Voir aussi == {{commons|Category:United Kingdom|le Royaume-Uni}} {{wikitravel|les Royaume-Uni|Royaume-Uni}} === [[Wikipédia:Liens externes|Liens externes]] === * {{en}} [http://www.ukonline.gov.uk/ Portail de l'administration britannique] * {{en}} [http://www.parliament.uk Parlement du Royaume-Uni] * {{fr}} [http://fr.jurispedia.org/index.php/Royaume-Uni_de_Grande-Bretagne_et_d%27Irlande_du_Nord Le droit du Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord (Jurispedia)] {{Template:Bisé ya Eropa}} [[catégorie:Royaume-Uni|*]] [[af:Verenigde Koninkryk]] [[ar:مملكة متحدة]] [[bg:Обединено кралство]] [[br:Rouantelezh Unanet]] [[ca:Regne Unit de la Gran Bretanya i Irlanda del Nord]] [[cs:Velká Británie]] [[cy:Y Deyrnas Unedig]] [[da:Det Forenede Kongerige]] [[de:Großbritannien und Nordirland]] [[et:Suurbritannia]] [[el:Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο]] [[en:United Kingdom]] [[es:Reino Unido]] [[eo:Unuigita Reĝlando de Britio kaj Nord-Irlando]] [[ga:An Ríocht Aontaithe]] [[gl:Reino Unido]] [[ko:영국]] [[id:Britania Raya]] [[ia:Regno Unite]] [[it:Regno Unito]] [[he:הממלכה המאוחדת]] [[la:Regnum Unitum]] [[lt:Jungtinė Karalystė]] [[ms:United Kingdom]] [[nl:Verenigd Koninkrijk]] [[ja:イギリス]] [[no:Storbritannia]] [[oc:Reialme Unit]] [[nds:Groot Britannien]] [[pl:Wielka Brytania]] [[pt:Reino Unido]] [[ro:Regatul Unit]] [[rm:Reginavel Unì da la Gronda Britannia ed Irlanda dal Nord]] [[ru:Великобритания]] [[simple:United Kingdom]] [[sl:Združeno kraljestvo]] [[fi:Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta]] [[sv:Storbritannien]][[tl:Nagkakaisang Kaharian]] [[ur:برطانیہ]] [[vi:Liên hiệp Vương quốc Anh và Bắc Ai-len]] [[zh-cn:英国]] [[zh-tw:英國]] [[zh-min-nan:Li&#226;n-ha&#781;p &#212;ng-kok]] 7812 2006-03-07T11:37:17Z 160.85.2.50 /* Voir aussi */ > Tála mpé {{bokokani}} '''Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ''' ezalí Lisangá ya Mani ya Britania Monɛ́nɛ mpé Irlandí ya Likólo. Mani ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ ezalí [[Elizabeth II]]. Mbóka-mokonzi ezalí [[Londoni]]. {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó_na_lokóta = United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | nkómbó = Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ | image_flag = uk flag large.png | image_coat = UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png | image_map = LocationUnitedKingdom.png | mokáno = [[Dieu et mon droit]] (Royal motto)<br>([[Lifalansé]]: Nzámbe ndé likoki na ngáí)''<sup>2</sup></small> | loyémbo = [[God Save the Queen]]<sup>3</sup> | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|None]]; [[Lingɛlɛ́sa]] ''[[de facto]]'' <sup>4</sup> | mbóka-mokonzi = [[Londoni]] | latd=51|latm=30|latNS=N|longd=0|longm=7|longEW=W| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Londoni]] | government_type = [[Constitutional monarchy]] | leader_titles = [[British monarchy|Queen]]<br>[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] | leader_names = [[Elizabeth II ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|Elizabeth II]]<br>[[Tony Blair]] | area_rank = 77th | area_magnitude = 1 E11 | area = 244,820 | percent_water = 1.3% | population_estimate_year = Yuli 2003 | population_estimate = 59,553,800 <sup>6</sup>| population_estimate_rank = 22nd | population_census = 58,789,194 | population_census_year = 2001 | population_density = 246.5 | population_density_rank = 49th | GDP_PPP_year = 2005 | GDP_PPP = $1,825,837 million | GDP_PPP_rank = 6th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,658 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 15th | sovereignty_type = [[Act of Union 1800|Establishment]] | established_events = | established_dates = 1801<sup>5</sup>| mosɔlɔ = [[Pound Sterling|British pound]] (&pound;) | currency_code = GBP | ngonga = [[GMT]] | utc_offset = +0 | ngonga_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | cctld= [[.uk]]<sup>7</sup> | calling_code = 44 | footnotes = <sup>1</sup>In the UK, [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|some other language]]s have been officially recognised as legitimate [[autochthonous language|autochthonous]] [[regional language|(regional) languages]] under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]]. In each of these, the UK's official name is as follows: *<small>[[Welsh language|Welsh]]: ''Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon'' *<small>[[Gayeliki y'Ekósi]]: ''An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath'' *<small>[[Kirlándi]]: ''Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Tuaisceart na hÉireann'' *<small>[[Cornish language|Cornish]]: ''An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh'' *<small>[[Kiekósi]]: ''Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland''<br/> <small><sup>2</sup> The Royal motto in Scotland is ''Nemo Me Impune Lacessit'' ([[Latin]]: "No-one harms me with impunity").<br><sup>3</sup> Unofficial.<br><sup>4</sup> Officially recognised regional languages:<br>in [[Wales]]: [[Welsh language|Welsh]]; and in [[Scotland]]: [[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic]] since 2004 Act.<br><sup>5</sup> Formed as ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland''. Name changed to the ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'' in 1927.<br><sup>6</sup> Official estimate provided by the UK [[Office for National Statistics]]. As of April 2005, the July 2004 estimates were not yet available.<br><sup>7</sup> [[ISO 3166-1]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is unused}} == Historia == == Politiki == <br clear="all"/> == Subdivisions == {{UK}} == Géographie == == Économie == == Démographie == [[Image:United-Kingdom-demography.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] == Culture == {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! Nom Lingála !! Nom local !! Remarques |- | {{1er janvier}} | Jour de l'an || New Year's Day | Le premier jour de la nouvelle année est férié partout |- {{ligne grise}} | [[2 janvier]] || Second jour de l'an | January 2nd Holiday | Le second jour de la nouvelle année est férié en Écosse seulement |----- | [[17 mars]] || [[Saint Patrick|St Patrick]] || St Patrick's Day | Jour férié en Irlande du nord seulement |- {{ligne grise}} | [[Pâques]] est le premier dimanche qui suit la première pleine Lune de Printemps.<br /> Vendredi avant le Dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | [[Vendredi saint]] || Good Friday | Crucifixion de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |----- | [[Lundi]] suivant le dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | Lundi de [[Pâques]] || Easter Monday | Résurrection de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] (pas en Écosse) |- {{ligne grise}} | Premier lundi de mai || 1{{er}} mai | May Day | Traditionnellement [[1er mai|1{{er}} mai]] |----- | Dernier lundi de mai ou premier lundi de juin | Jour férié du printemps || Spring Bank Holiday | Traditionnellement Pentecôte |- {{ligne grise}} | [[12 juillet]] || [[Bataille de la Boyne]] | Battle of the Boyne / Orangemen's Holiday | Jour férié pour l'[[Ordre Orange]] (en Irlande du nord seulement) |----- | Premier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (en Écosse seulement) |- {{ligne grise}} | Dernier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (pas en Écosse) |----- | [[25 décembre]] || [[Noël]] || Christmas Day | Naissance de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |- {{ligne grise}} | [[26 décembre]] || [[Lendemain de Noël]] | Boxing Day || |} == Divers == == Noms officiels == *United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ([[anglais]]) La [[Charte européenne des langues régionales ou minoritaires]] reconnaît le [[gallois]], l'[[écossais]], l'[[irlandais]], le [[cornique]] et le [[scots]] comme langues régionales du Royaume-Uni respectivement nommé ainsi : *Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon ([[gallois]]) *An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath ([[écossais]]) *Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann ([[irlandais]]) *An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh ([[cornique]]) *Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland ([[scots]]) == Tála mpé == {{commons|Category:United Kingdom|le Royaume-Uni}} {{wikitravel|les Royaume-Uni|Royaume-Uni}} === Nkásá o libándá === * {{en}} [http://www.ukonline.gov.uk/ Portail de l'administration britannique] * {{en}} [http://www.parliament.uk Parlement du Royaume-Uni] * {{fr}} [http://fr.jurispedia.org/index.php/Royaume-Uni_de_Grande-Bretagne_et_d%27Irlande_du_Nord Le droit du Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord (Jurispedia)] {{Template:Bisé ya Eropa}} [[catégorie:Royaume-Uni|*]] [[af:Verenigde Koninkryk]] [[ar:مملكة متحدة]] [[bg:Обединено кралство]] [[br:Rouantelezh Unanet]] [[ca:Regne Unit de la Gran Bretanya i Irlanda del Nord]] [[cs:Velká Británie]] [[cy:Y Deyrnas Unedig]] [[da:Det Forenede Kongerige]] [[de:Großbritannien und Nordirland]] [[et:Suurbritannia]] [[el:Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο]] [[en:United Kingdom]] [[es:Reino Unido]] [[eo:Unuigita Reĝlando de Britio kaj Nord-Irlando]] [[ga:An Ríocht Aontaithe]] [[gl:Reino Unido]] [[ko:영국]] [[id:Britania Raya]] [[ia:Regno Unite]] [[it:Regno Unito]] [[he:הממלכה המאוחדת]] [[la:Regnum Unitum]] [[lt:Jungtinė Karalystė]] [[ms:United Kingdom]] [[nl:Verenigd Koninkrijk]] [[ja:イギリス]] [[no:Storbritannia]] [[oc:Reialme Unit]] [[nds:Groot Britannien]] [[pl:Wielka Brytania]] [[pt:Reino Unido]] [[ro:Regatul Unit]] [[rm:Reginavel Unì da la Gronda Britannia ed Irlanda dal Nord]] [[ru:Великобритания]] [[simple:United Kingdom]] [[sl:Združeno kraljestvo]] [[fi:Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta]] [[sv:Storbritannien]][[tl:Nagkakaisang Kaharian]] [[ur:برطانیہ]] [[vi:Liên hiệp Vương quốc Anh và Bắc Ai-len]] [[zh-cn:英国]] [[zh-tw:英國]] [[zh-min-nan:Li&#226;n-ha&#781;p &#212;ng-kok]] 7813 2006-03-07T11:40:06Z 160.85.2.50 {{bokokani}} '''Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ''' ezalí Lisangá ya Mani ya Britania Monɛ́nɛ mpé Irlandí ya Likólo. Mani ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ ezalí [[Elizabeth II]]. Mbóka-mokonzi ezalí [[Londoni]]. {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó_na_lokóta = United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | nkómbó = Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ | image_flag = uk flag large.png | image_coat = UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png | image_map = LocationUnitedKingdom.png | mokáno = [[Dieu et mon droit]] (Royal motto)<br>([[Lifalansé]]: Nzámbe ndé likoki na ngáí)''<sup>2</sup></small> | loyémbo = [[God Save the Queen]]<sup>3</sup> | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|None]]; [[Lingɛlɛ́sa]] ''[[de facto]]'' <sup>4</sup> | mbóka-mokonzi = [[Londoni]] | latd=51|latm=30|latNS=N|longd=0|longm=7|longEW=W| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Londoni]] | government_type = [[Constitutional monarchy]] | leader_titles = [[British monarchy|Queen]]<br>[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] | leader_names = [[Elizabeth II ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|Elizabeth II]]<br>[[Tony Blair]] | area_rank = 77th | area_magnitude = 1 E11 | area = 244,820 | percent_water = 1.3% | population_estimate_year = Yuli 2003 | population_estimate = 59,553,800 <sup>6</sup>| population_estimate_rank = 22nd | population_census = 58,789,194 | population_census_year = 2001 | population_density = 246.5 | population_density_rank = 49th | GDP_PPP_year = 2005 | GDP_PPP = $1,825,837 million | GDP_PPP_rank = 6th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,658 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 15th | sovereignty_type = [[Act of Union 1800|Establishment]] | established_events = | established_dates = 1801<sup>5</sup>| mosɔlɔ = [[Pound Sterling|British pound]] (&pound;) | currency_code = GBP | ngonga = [[GMT]] | utc_offset = +0 | ngonga_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | cctld= [[.uk]]<sup>7</sup> | calling_code = 44 | footnotes = <sup>1</sup>In the UK, [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|some other language]]s have been officially recognised as legitimate [[autochthonous language|autochthonous]] [[regional language|(regional) languages]] under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]]. In each of these, the UK's official name is as follows: *<small>[[Welsh language|Welsh]]: ''Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon'' *<small>[[Gayeliki y'Ekósi]]: ''An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath'' *<small>[[Kirlándi]]: ''Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Tuaisceart na hÉireann'' *<small>[[Cornish language|Cornish]]: ''An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh'' *<small>[[Kiekósi]]: ''Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland''<br/> <small><sup>2</sup> The Royal motto in Scotland is ''Nemo Me Impune Lacessit'' ([[Latin]]: "No-one harms me with impunity").<br><sup>3</sup> Unofficial.<br><sup>4</sup> Officially recognised regional languages:<br>in [[Wales]]: [[Welsh language|Welsh]]; and in [[Scotland]]: [[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic]] since 2004 Act.<br><sup>5</sup> Formed as ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland''. Name changed to the ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'' in 1927.<br><sup>6</sup> Official estimate provided by the UK [[Office for National Statistics]]. As of April 2005, the July 2004 estimates were not yet available.<br><sup>7</sup> [[ISO 3166-1]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is unused}} == Historia == == Politiki == <br clear="all"/> == Subdivisions == {{UK}} == Jyografi == == Économie == == Démographie == [[Image:United-Kingdom-demography.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] == Culture == {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! Nom Lingála !! Nom local !! Remarques |- | {{1er janvier}} | Jour de l'an || New Year's Day | Le premier jour de la nouvelle année est férié partout |- {{ligne grise}} | [[2 janvier]] || Second jour de l'an | January 2nd Holiday | Le second jour de la nouvelle année est férié en Écosse seulement |----- | [[17 mars]] || [[Saint Patrick|St Patrick]] || St Patrick's Day | Jour férié en Irlande du nord seulement |- {{ligne grise}} | [[Pâques]] est le premier dimanche qui suit la première pleine Lune de Printemps.<br /> Vendredi avant le Dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | [[Vendredi saint]] || Good Friday | Crucifixion de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |----- | [[Lundi]] suivant le dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | Lundi de [[Pâques]] || Easter Monday | Résurrection de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] (pas en Écosse) |- {{ligne grise}} | Premier lundi de mai || 1{{er}} mai | May Day | Traditionnellement [[1er mai|1{{er}} mai]] |----- | Dernier lundi de mai ou premier lundi de juin | Jour férié du printemps || Spring Bank Holiday | Traditionnellement Pentecôte |- {{ligne grise}} | [[12 juillet]] || [[Bataille de la Boyne]] | Battle of the Boyne / Orangemen's Holiday | Jour férié pour l'[[Ordre Orange]] (en Irlande du nord seulement) |----- | Premier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (en Écosse seulement) |- {{ligne grise}} | Dernier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (pas en Écosse) |----- | [[25 décembre]] || [[Noël]] || Christmas Day | Naissance de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |- {{ligne grise}} | [[26 décembre]] || [[Lendemain de Noël]] | Boxing Day || |} == Divers == == Noms officiels == *United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ([[anglais]]) La [[Charte européenne des langues régionales ou minoritaires]] reconnaît le [[gallois]], l'[[écossais]], l'[[irlandais]], le [[cornique]] et le [[scots]] comme langues régionales du Royaume-Uni respectivement nommé ainsi : *Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon ([[gallois]]) *An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath ([[écossais]]) *Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann ([[irlandais]]) *An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh ([[cornique]]) *Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland ([[scots]]) == Tála mpé == {{commons|Category:United Kingdom|le Royaume-Uni}} {{wikitravel|les Royaume-Uni|Royaume-Uni}} === Nkásá o libándá === * {{en}} [http://www.ukonline.gov.uk/ Portail de l'administration britannique] * {{en}} [http://www.parliament.uk Parlement du Royaume-Uni] * {{fr}} [http://fr.jurispedia.org/index.php/Royaume-Uni_de_Grande-Bretagne_et_d%27Irlande_du_Nord Le droit du Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord (Jurispedia)] {{Template:Bisé ya Eropa}} [[catégorie:Royaume-Uni|*]] [[af:Verenigde Koninkryk]] [[ar:مملكة متحدة]] [[bg:Обединено кралство]] [[br:Rouantelezh Unanet]] [[ca:Regne Unit de la Gran Bretanya i Irlanda del Nord]] [[cs:Velká Británie]] [[cy:Y Deyrnas Unedig]] [[da:Det Forenede Kongerige]] [[de:Großbritannien und Nordirland]] [[et:Suurbritannia]] [[el:Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο]] [[en:United Kingdom]] [[es:Reino Unido]] [[eo:Unuigita Reĝlando de Britio kaj Nord-Irlando]] [[ga:An Ríocht Aontaithe]] [[gl:Reino Unido]] [[ko:영국]] [[id:Britania Raya]] [[ia:Regno Unite]] [[it:Regno Unito]] [[he:הממלכה המאוחדת]] [[la:Regnum Unitum]] [[lt:Jungtinė Karalystė]] [[ms:United Kingdom]] [[nl:Verenigd Koninkrijk]] [[ja:イギリス]] [[no:Storbritannia]] [[oc:Reialme Unit]] [[nds:Groot Britannien]] [[pl:Wielka Brytania]] [[pt:Reino Unido]] [[ro:Regatul Unit]] [[rm:Reginavel Unì da la Gronda Britannia ed Irlanda dal Nord]] [[ru:Великобритания]] [[simple:United Kingdom]] [[sl:Združeno kraljestvo]] [[fi:Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta]] [[sv:Storbritannien]][[tl:Nagkakaisang Kaharian]] [[ur:برطانیہ]] [[vi:Liên hiệp Vương quốc Anh và Bắc Ai-len]] [[zh-cn:英国]] [[zh-tw:英國]] [[zh-min-nan:Li&#226;n-ha&#781;p &#212;ng-kok]] 8101 2006-05-06T14:05:47Z 88.224.13.181 /* Tála mpé */ {{bokokani}} '''Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ''' ezalí Lisangá ya Mani ya Britania Monɛ́nɛ mpé Irlandí ya Likólo. Mani ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ ezalí [[Elizabeth II]]. Mbóka-mokonzi ezalí [[Londoni]]. {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó_na_lokóta = United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | nkómbó = Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ | image_flag = uk flag large.png | image_coat = UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png | image_map = LocationUnitedKingdom.png | mokáno = [[Dieu et mon droit]] (Royal motto)<br>([[Lifalansé]]: Nzámbe ndé likoki na ngáí)''<sup>2</sup></small> | loyémbo = [[God Save the Queen]]<sup>3</sup> | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|None]]; [[Lingɛlɛ́sa]] ''[[de facto]]'' <sup>4</sup> | mbóka-mokonzi = [[Londoni]] | latd=51|latm=30|latNS=N|longd=0|longm=7|longEW=W| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Londoni]] | government_type = [[Constitutional monarchy]] | leader_titles = [[British monarchy|Queen]]<br>[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] | leader_names = [[Elizabeth II ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|Elizabeth II]]<br>[[Tony Blair]] | area_rank = 77th | area_magnitude = 1 E11 | area = 244,820 | percent_water = 1.3% | population_estimate_year = Yuli 2003 | population_estimate = 59,553,800 <sup>6</sup>| population_estimate_rank = 22nd | population_census = 58,789,194 | population_census_year = 2001 | population_density = 246.5 | population_density_rank = 49th | GDP_PPP_year = 2005 | GDP_PPP = $1,825,837 million | GDP_PPP_rank = 6th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,658 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 15th | sovereignty_type = [[Act of Union 1800|Establishment]] | established_events = | established_dates = 1801<sup>5</sup>| mosɔlɔ = [[Pound Sterling|British pound]] (&pound;) | currency_code = GBP | ngonga = [[GMT]] | utc_offset = +0 | ngonga_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | cctld= [[.uk]]<sup>7</sup> | calling_code = 44 | footnotes = <sup>1</sup>In the UK, [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|some other language]]s have been officially recognised as legitimate [[autochthonous language|autochthonous]] [[regional language|(regional) languages]] under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]]. In each of these, the UK's official name is as follows: *<small>[[Welsh language|Welsh]]: ''Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon'' *<small>[[Gayeliki y'Ekósi]]: ''An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath'' *<small>[[Kirlándi]]: ''Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Tuaisceart na hÉireann'' *<small>[[Cornish language|Cornish]]: ''An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh'' *<small>[[Kiekósi]]: ''Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland''<br/> <small><sup>2</sup> The Royal motto in Scotland is ''Nemo Me Impune Lacessit'' ([[Latin]]: "No-one harms me with impunity").<br><sup>3</sup> Unofficial.<br><sup>4</sup> Officially recognised regional languages:<br>in [[Wales]]: [[Welsh language|Welsh]]; and in [[Scotland]]: [[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic]] since 2004 Act.<br><sup>5</sup> Formed as ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland''. Name changed to the ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'' in 1927.<br><sup>6</sup> Official estimate provided by the UK [[Office for National Statistics]]. As of April 2005, the July 2004 estimates were not yet available.<br><sup>7</sup> [[ISO 3166-1]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is unused}} == Historia == == Politiki == <br clear="all"/> == Subdivisions == {{UK}} == Jyografi == == Économie == == Démographie == [[Image:United-Kingdom-demography.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] == Culture == {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! Nom Lingála !! Nom local !! Remarques |- | {{1er janvier}} | Jour de l'an || New Year's Day | Le premier jour de la nouvelle année est férié partout |- {{ligne grise}} | [[2 janvier]] || Second jour de l'an | January 2nd Holiday | Le second jour de la nouvelle année est férié en Écosse seulement |----- | [[17 mars]] || [[Saint Patrick|St Patrick]] || St Patrick's Day | Jour férié en Irlande du nord seulement |- {{ligne grise}} | [[Pâques]] est le premier dimanche qui suit la première pleine Lune de Printemps.<br /> Vendredi avant le Dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | [[Vendredi saint]] || Good Friday | Crucifixion de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |----- | [[Lundi]] suivant le dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | Lundi de [[Pâques]] || Easter Monday | Résurrection de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] (pas en Écosse) |- {{ligne grise}} | Premier lundi de mai || 1{{er}} mai | May Day | Traditionnellement [[1er mai|1{{er}} mai]] |----- | Dernier lundi de mai ou premier lundi de juin | Jour férié du printemps || Spring Bank Holiday | Traditionnellement Pentecôte |- {{ligne grise}} | [[12 juillet]] || [[Bataille de la Boyne]] | Battle of the Boyne / Orangemen's Holiday | Jour férié pour l'[[Ordre Orange]] (en Irlande du nord seulement) |----- | Premier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (en Écosse seulement) |- {{ligne grise}} | Dernier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (pas en Écosse) |----- | [[25 décembre]] || [[Noël]] || Christmas Day | Naissance de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |- {{ligne grise}} | [[26 décembre]] || [[Lendemain de Noël]] | Boxing Day || |} == Divers == == Noms officiels == *United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ([[anglais]]) La [[Charte européenne des langues régionales ou minoritaires]] reconnaît le [[gallois]], l'[[écossais]], l'[[irlandais]], le [[cornique]] et le [[scots]] comme langues régionales du Royaume-Uni respectivement nommé ainsi : *Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon ([[gallois]]) *An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath ([[écossais]]) *Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann ([[irlandais]]) *An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh ([[cornique]]) *Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland ([[scots]]) == Tála mpé == {{commons|Category:United Kingdom|le Royaume-Uni}} {{wikitravel|les Royaume-Uni|Royaume-Uni}} === Nkásá o libándá === * {{en}} [http://www.ukonline.gov.uk/ Portail de l'administration britannique] * {{en}} [http://www.parliament.uk Parlement du Royaume-Uni] * {{fr}} [http://fr.jurispedia.org/index.php/Royaume-Uni_de_Grande-Bretagne_et_d%27Irlande_du_Nord Le droit du Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord (Jurispedia)] * {{en}} [http://www.uk-time.com UK Time] - {{Template:Bisé ya Eropa}} [[catégorie:Royaume-Uni|*]] [[af:Verenigde Koninkryk]] [[ar:مملكة متحدة]] [[bg:Обединено кралство]] [[br:Rouantelezh Unanet]] [[ca:Regne Unit de la Gran Bretanya i Irlanda del Nord]] [[cs:Velká Británie]] [[cy:Y Deyrnas Unedig]] [[da:Det Forenede Kongerige]] [[de:Großbritannien und Nordirland]] [[et:Suurbritannia]] [[el:Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο]] [[en:United Kingdom]] [[es:Reino Unido]] [[eo:Unuigita Reĝlando de Britio kaj Nord-Irlando]] [[ga:An Ríocht Aontaithe]] [[gl:Reino Unido]] [[ko:영국]] [[id:Britania Raya]] [[ia:Regno Unite]] [[it:Regno Unito]] [[he:הממלכה המאוחדת]] [[la:Regnum Unitum]] [[lt:Jungtinė Karalystė]] [[ms:United Kingdom]] [[nl:Verenigd Koninkrijk]] [[ja:イギリス]] [[no:Storbritannia]] [[oc:Reialme Unit]] [[nds:Groot Britannien]] [[pl:Wielka Brytania]] [[pt:Reino Unido]] [[ro:Regatul Unit]] [[rm:Reginavel Unì da la Gronda Britannia ed Irlanda dal Nord]] [[ru:Великобритания]] [[simple:United Kingdom]] [[sl:Združeno kraljestvo]] [[fi:Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta]] [[sv:Storbritannien]][[tl:Nagkakaisang Kaharian]] [[ur:برطانیہ]] [[vi:Liên hiệp Vương quốc Anh và Bắc Ai-len]] [[zh-cn:英国]] [[zh-tw:英國]] [[zh-min-nan:Li&#226;n-ha&#781;p &#212;ng-kok]] 8290 2006-05-29T10:53:55Z Moyogo 11 {{bokokani}} '''Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ''' ezalí Lisangá ya Mani ya Britania Monɛ́nɛ mpé Irlandí ya Likólo. Mani ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ ezalí [[Elizabeth II]]. Mbóka-mokonzi ezalí [[Londoni]]. {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó_na_lokóta = United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | nkómbó = Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ | image_flag = uk flag large.png | image_coat = UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png | image_map = LocationUnitedKingdom.png | mokáno = [[Dieu et mon droit]] (Royal motto)<br>([[Lifalansé]]: Nzámbe ndé likoki na ngáí)''<sup>2</sup></small> | loyémbo = [[God Save the Queen]]<sup>3</sup> | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|None]]; [[Lingɛlɛ́sa]] ''[[de facto]]'' <sup>4</sup> | nkótá_ya_ekólo=| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Londoni]] | latd=51|latm=30|latNS=N|longd=0|longm=7|longEW=W| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Londoni]] | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Constitutional monarchy]] | babengí_mokambi = [[British monarchy|Queen]]<br>[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] | nkómbó_mokambi = [[Elizabeth II ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|Elizabeth II]]<br>[[Tony Blair]] | area_rank = 77th | etando_bonɛ́nɛ = 1 E11 | etando = 244,820 | ndámbo_mái = 1.3% | population_estimate_year = Yuli 2003 | population_estimate = 59,553,800 <sup>6</sup>| population_estimate_rank = 22nd | population_census = 58,789,194 | population_census_year = 2001 | population_density = 246.5 | population_density_rank = 49th | GDP_PPP_year = 2005 | GDP_PPP = $1,825,837 million | GDP_PPP_rank = 6th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,658 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 15th | sovereignty_type = [[Act of Union 1800|Establishment]] | established_events = | established_dates = 1801<sup>5</sup>| mosɔlɔ = [[Pound Sterling|British pound]] (&pound;) | currency_code = GBP | ngonga = [[GMT]] | utc_offset = +0 | ngonga_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | cctld= [[.uk]]<sup>7</sup> | calling_code = 44 | footnotes = <sup>1</sup>In the UK, [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|some other language]]s have been officially recognised as legitimate [[autochthonous language|autochthonous]] [[regional language|(regional) languages]] under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]]. In each of these, the UK's official name is as follows: *<small>[[Welsh language|Welsh]]: ''Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon'' *<small>[[Gayeliki y'Ekósi]]: ''An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath'' *<small>[[Kirlándi]]: ''Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Tuaisceart na hÉireann'' *<small>[[Cornish language|Cornish]]: ''An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh'' *<small>[[Kiekósi]]: ''Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland''<br/> <small><sup>2</sup> The Royal motto in Scotland is ''Nemo Me Impune Lacessit'' ([[Latin]]: "No-one harms me with impunity").<br><sup>3</sup> Unofficial.<br><sup>4</sup> Officially recognised regional languages:<br>in [[Wales]]: [[Welsh language|Welsh]]; and in [[Scotland]]: [[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic]] since 2004 Act.<br><sup>5</sup> Formed as ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland''. Name changed to the ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'' in 1927.<br><sup>6</sup> Official estimate provided by the UK [[Office for National Statistics]]. As of April 2005, the July 2004 estimates were not yet available.<br><sup>7</sup> [[ISO 3166-1]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is unused}} == Historia == == Politiki == <br clear="all"/> == Subdivisions == {{UK}} == Jyografi == == Économie == == Démographie == [[Image:United-Kingdom-demography.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] == Culture == {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! Nom Lingála !! Nom local !! Remarques |- | {{1er janvier}} | Jour de l'an || New Year's Day | Le premier jour de la nouvelle année est férié partout |- {{ligne grise}} | [[2 janvier]] || Second jour de l'an | January 2nd Holiday | Le second jour de la nouvelle année est férié en Écosse seulement |----- | [[17 mars]] || [[Saint Patrick|St Patrick]] || St Patrick's Day | Jour férié en Irlande du nord seulement |- {{ligne grise}} | [[Pâques]] est le premier dimanche qui suit la première pleine Lune de Printemps.<br /> Vendredi avant le Dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | [[Vendredi saint]] || Good Friday | Crucifixion de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |----- | [[Lundi]] suivant le dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | Lundi de [[Pâques]] || Easter Monday | Résurrection de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] (pas en Écosse) |- {{ligne grise}} | Premier lundi de mai || 1{{er}} mai | May Day | Traditionnellement [[1er mai|1{{er}} mai]] |----- | Dernier lundi de mai ou premier lundi de juin | Jour férié du printemps || Spring Bank Holiday | Traditionnellement Pentecôte |- {{ligne grise}} | [[12 juillet]] || [[Bataille de la Boyne]] | Battle of the Boyne / Orangemen's Holiday | Jour férié pour l'[[Ordre Orange]] (en Irlande du nord seulement) |----- | Premier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (en Écosse seulement) |- {{ligne grise}} | Dernier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (pas en Écosse) |----- | [[25 décembre]] || [[Noël]] || Christmas Day | Naissance de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |- {{ligne grise}} | [[26 décembre]] || [[Lendemain de Noël]] | Boxing Day || |} == Divers == == Noms officiels == *United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ([[anglais]]) La [[Charte européenne des langues régionales ou minoritaires]] reconnaît le [[gallois]], l'[[écossais]], l'[[irlandais]], le [[cornique]] et le [[scots]] comme langues régionales du Royaume-Uni respectivement nommé ainsi : *Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon ([[gallois]]) *An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath ([[écossais]]) *Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann ([[irlandais]]) *An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh ([[cornique]]) *Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland ([[scots]]) == Tála mpé == {{commons|Category:United Kingdom|le Royaume-Uni}} {{wikitravel|les Royaume-Uni|Royaume-Uni}} === Nkásá o libándá === * {{en}} [http://www.ukonline.gov.uk/ Portail de l'administration britannique] * {{en}} [http://www.parliament.uk Parlement du Royaume-Uni] * {{fr}} [http://fr.jurispedia.org/index.php/Royaume-Uni_de_Grande-Bretagne_et_d%27Irlande_du_Nord Le droit du Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord (Jurispedia)] * {{en}} [http://www.uk-time.com UK Time] - {{Template:Bisé ya Eropa}} [[catégorie:Royaume-Uni|*]] [[af:Verenigde Koninkryk]] [[ar:مملكة متحدة]] [[bg:Обединено кралство]] [[br:Rouantelezh Unanet]] [[ca:Regne Unit de la Gran Bretanya i Irlanda del Nord]] [[cs:Velká Británie]] [[cy:Y Deyrnas Unedig]] [[da:Det Forenede Kongerige]] [[de:Großbritannien und Nordirland]] [[et:Suurbritannia]] [[el:Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο]] [[en:United Kingdom]] [[es:Reino Unido]] [[eo:Unuigita Reĝlando de Britio kaj Nord-Irlando]] [[ga:An Ríocht Aontaithe]] [[gl:Reino Unido]] [[ko:영국]] [[id:Britania Raya]] [[ia:Regno Unite]] [[it:Regno Unito]] [[he:הממלכה המאוחדת]] [[la:Regnum Unitum]] [[lt:Jungtinė Karalystė]] [[ms:United Kingdom]] [[nl:Verenigd Koninkrijk]] [[ja:イギリス]] [[no:Storbritannia]] [[oc:Reialme Unit]] [[nds:Groot Britannien]] [[pl:Wielka Brytania]] [[pt:Reino Unido]] [[ro:Regatul Unit]] [[rm:Reginavel Unì da la Gronda Britannia ed Irlanda dal Nord]] [[ru:Великобритания]] [[simple:United Kingdom]] [[sl:Združeno kraljestvo]] [[fi:Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta]] [[sv:Storbritannien]][[tl:Nagkakaisang Kaharian]] [[ur:برطانیہ]] [[vi:Liên hiệp Vương quốc Anh và Bắc Ai-len]] [[zh-cn:英国]] [[zh-tw:英國]] [[zh-min-nan:Li&#226;n-ha&#781;p &#212;ng-kok]] 8316 2006-05-30T07:57:15Z Moyogo 11 {{bokokani}} '''Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ''' ezalí Lisangá ya Mani ya Britania Monɛ́nɛ mpé Irlandí ya Likólo. Mani ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ ezalí [[Elizabeth II]]. Mbóka-mokonzi ezalí [[Londoni]]. {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó_na_lokóta = United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | nkómbó = Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ | image_flag = uk flag large.png | image_coat = UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png | image_map = LocationUnitedKingdom.png | mokáno = [[Dieu et mon droit]] (Royal motto)<br>([[Lifalansé]]: Nzámbe ndé likoki na ngáí)''<sup>2</sup></small> | loyémbo = [[God Save the Queen]]<sup>3</sup> | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|None]]; [[Lingɛlɛ́sa]] ''[[de facto]]'' <sup>4</sup> | nkótá_ya_ekólo=| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Londoni]] | latd=51|latm=30|latNS=N|longd=0|longm=7|longEW=W| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Londoni]] | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Constitutional monarchy]] | babengí_mokambi = [[British monarchy|Queen]]<br>[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] | nkómbó_mokambi = [[Elizabeth II ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|Elizabeth II]]<br>[[Tony Blair]] | area_rank = 77th | etando_bonɛ́nɛ = 1 E11 | etando = 244,820 | ndámbo_mái = 1,3% | population_estimate_year = Yuli 2003 | population_estimate = 59,553,800 <sup>6</sup>| population_estimate_rank = 22nd | population_census = 58,789,194 | population_census_year = 2001 | population_density = 246.5 | population_density_rank = 49th | GDP_PPP_year = 2005 | GDP_PPP = $1,825,837 million | GDP_PPP_rank = 6th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,658 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 15th | sovereignty_type = [[Act of Union 1800|Establishment]] | established_events = | established_dates = 1801<sup>5</sup>| mosɔlɔ = [[Pound Sterling|British pound]] (&pound;) | currency_code = GBP | ngonga = [[GMT]] | utc_offset = +0 | ngonga_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | cctld= [[.uk]]<sup>7</sup> | calling_code = 44 | footnotes = <sup>1</sup>In the UK, [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|some other language]]s have been officially recognised as legitimate [[autochthonous language|autochthonous]] [[regional language|(regional) languages]] under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]]. In each of these, the UK's official name is as follows: *<small>[[Welsh language|Welsh]]: ''Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon'' *<small>[[Gayeliki y'Ekósi]]: ''An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath'' *<small>[[Kirlándi]]: ''Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Tuaisceart na hÉireann'' *<small>[[Cornish language|Cornish]]: ''An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh'' *<small>[[Kiekósi]]: ''Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland''<br/> <small><sup>2</sup> The Royal motto in Scotland is ''Nemo Me Impune Lacessit'' ([[Latin]]: "No-one harms me with impunity").<br><sup>3</sup> Unofficial.<br><sup>4</sup> Officially recognised regional languages:<br>in [[Wales]]: [[Welsh language|Welsh]]; and in [[Scotland]]: [[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic]] since 2004 Act.<br><sup>5</sup> Formed as ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland''. Name changed to the ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'' in 1927.<br><sup>6</sup> Official estimate provided by the UK [[Office for National Statistics]]. As of April 2005, the July 2004 estimates were not yet available.<br><sup>7</sup> [[ISO 3166-1]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is unused}} == Historia == == Politiki == <br clear="all"/> == Subdivisions == {{UK}} == Jyografi == == Économie == == Démographie == [[Image:United-Kingdom-demography.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] == Culture == {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! Nom Lingála !! Nom local !! Remarques |- | {{1er janvier}} | Jour de l'an || New Year's Day | Le premier jour de la nouvelle année est férié partout |- {{ligne grise}} | [[2 janvier]] || Second jour de l'an | January 2nd Holiday | Le second jour de la nouvelle année est férié en Écosse seulement |----- | [[17 mars]] || [[Saint Patrick|St Patrick]] || St Patrick's Day | Jour férié en Irlande du nord seulement |- {{ligne grise}} | [[Pâques]] est le premier dimanche qui suit la première pleine Lune de Printemps.<br /> Vendredi avant le Dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | [[Vendredi saint]] || Good Friday | Crucifixion de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |----- | [[Lundi]] suivant le dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | Lundi de [[Pâques]] || Easter Monday | Résurrection de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] (pas en Écosse) |- {{ligne grise}} | Premier lundi de mai || 1{{er}} mai | May Day | Traditionnellement [[1er mai|1{{er}} mai]] |----- | Dernier lundi de mai ou premier lundi de juin | Jour férié du printemps || Spring Bank Holiday | Traditionnellement Pentecôte |- {{ligne grise}} | [[12 juillet]] || [[Bataille de la Boyne]] | Battle of the Boyne / Orangemen's Holiday | Jour férié pour l'[[Ordre Orange]] (en Irlande du nord seulement) |----- | Premier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (en Écosse seulement) |- {{ligne grise}} | Dernier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (pas en Écosse) |----- | [[25 décembre]] || [[Noël]] || Christmas Day | Naissance de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |- {{ligne grise}} | [[26 décembre]] || [[Lendemain de Noël]] | Boxing Day || |} == Divers == == Noms officiels == *United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ([[anglais]]) La [[Charte européenne des langues régionales ou minoritaires]] reconnaît le [[gallois]], l'[[écossais]], l'[[irlandais]], le [[cornique]] et le [[scots]] comme langues régionales du Royaume-Uni respectivement nommé ainsi : *Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon ([[gallois]]) *An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath ([[écossais]]) *Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann ([[irlandais]]) *An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh ([[cornique]]) *Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland ([[scots]]) == Tála mpé == {{commons|Category:United Kingdom|le Royaume-Uni}} {{wikitravel|les Royaume-Uni|Royaume-Uni}} === Nkásá o libándá === * {{en}} [http://www.ukonline.gov.uk/ Portail de l'administration britannique] * {{en}} [http://www.parliament.uk Parlement du Royaume-Uni] * {{fr}} [http://fr.jurispedia.org/index.php/Royaume-Uni_de_Grande-Bretagne_et_d%27Irlande_du_Nord Le droit du Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord (Jurispedia)] * {{en}} [http://www.uk-time.com UK Time] - {{Template:Bisé ya Eropa}} [[catégorie:Royaume-Uni|*]] [[af:Verenigde Koninkryk]] [[ar:مملكة متحدة]] [[bg:Обединено кралство]] [[br:Rouantelezh Unanet]] [[ca:Regne Unit de la Gran Bretanya i Irlanda del Nord]] [[cs:Velká Británie]] [[cy:Y Deyrnas Unedig]] [[da:Det Forenede Kongerige]] [[de:Großbritannien und Nordirland]] [[et:Suurbritannia]] [[el:Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο]] [[en:United Kingdom]] [[es:Reino Unido]] [[eo:Unuigita Reĝlando de Britio kaj Nord-Irlando]] [[ga:An Ríocht Aontaithe]] [[gl:Reino Unido]] [[ko:영국]] [[id:Britania Raya]] [[ia:Regno Unite]] [[it:Regno Unito]] [[he:הממלכה המאוחדת]] [[la:Regnum Unitum]] [[lt:Jungtinė Karalystė]] [[ms:United Kingdom]] [[nl:Verenigd Koninkrijk]] [[ja:イギリス]] [[no:Storbritannia]] [[oc:Reialme Unit]] [[nds:Groot Britannien]] [[pl:Wielka Brytania]] [[pt:Reino Unido]] [[ro:Regatul Unit]] [[rm:Reginavel Unì da la Gronda Britannia ed Irlanda dal Nord]] [[ru:Великобритания]] [[simple:United Kingdom]] [[sl:Združeno kraljestvo]] [[fi:Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta]] [[sv:Storbritannien]][[tl:Nagkakaisang Kaharian]] [[ur:برطانیہ]] [[vi:Liên hiệp Vương quốc Anh và Bắc Ai-len]] [[zh-cn:英国]] [[zh-tw:英國]] [[zh-min-nan:Li&#226;n-ha&#781;p &#212;ng-kok]] 8317 2006-05-30T07:59:41Z Moyogo 11 {{bokokani}} '''Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ''' ezalí Lisangá ya Mani ya Britania Monɛ́nɛ mpé Irlandí ya Likólo. Mani ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ ezalí [[Elizabeth II]]. Mbóka-mokonzi ezalí [[Londoni]]. {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó_na_lokóta = United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | nkómbó = Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ | image_flag = uk flag large.png | image_coat = UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png | image_map = LocationUnitedKingdom.png | mokáno = [[Dieu et mon droit]] (Royal motto)<br>([[Lifalansé]]: Nzámbe ndé likoki na ngáí)''<sup>2</sup></small> | loyémbo = [[God Save the Queen]]<sup>3</sup> | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|None]]; [[Lingɛlɛ́sa]] ''[[de facto]]'' <sup>4</sup> | nkótá_ya_ekólo=| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Londoni]] | latd=51|latm=30|latNS=N|longd=0|longm=7|longEW=W| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Londoni]] | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Constitutional monarchy]] | babengí_mokambi = [[British monarchy|Queen]]<br>[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] | nkómbó_mokambi = [[Elizabeth II ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|Elizabeth II]]<br>[[Tony Blair]] | area_rank = 77th | etando_bonɛ́nɛ = 1 E11 | etando = 244,820 | ndámbo_mái = 1,3% | bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 59 553 800| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2003| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=22 | bato_na_etando = 246,5| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 49 | bato_botángi = 58 789 194| bato_botángi_mbúla= 2001| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = $1,825,837 million| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2005| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 6| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = $30,658| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 15| sovereignty_type = [[Act of Union 1800|Establishment]] | established_events = | established_dates = 1801<sup>5</sup>| mosɔlɔ = [[Pound Sterling|British pound]] (&pound;) | currency_code = GBP | ngonga = [[GMT]] | utc_offset = +0 | ngonga_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | cctld= [[.uk]]<sup>7</sup> | calling_code = 44 | footnotes = <sup>1</sup>In the UK, [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|some other language]]s have been officially recognised as legitimate [[autochthonous language|autochthonous]] [[regional language|(regional) languages]] under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]]. In each of these, the UK's official name is as follows: *<small>[[Welsh language|Welsh]]: ''Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon'' *<small>[[Gayeliki y'Ekósi]]: ''An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath'' *<small>[[Kirlándi]]: ''Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Tuaisceart na hÉireann'' *<small>[[Cornish language|Cornish]]: ''An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh'' *<small>[[Kiekósi]]: ''Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland''<br/> <small><sup>2</sup> The Royal motto in Scotland is ''Nemo Me Impune Lacessit'' ([[Latin]]: "No-one harms me with impunity").<br><sup>3</sup> Unofficial.<br><sup>4</sup> Officially recognised regional languages:<br>in [[Wales]]: [[Welsh language|Welsh]]; and in [[Scotland]]: [[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic]] since 2004 Act.<br><sup>5</sup> Formed as ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland''. Name changed to the ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'' in 1927.<br><sup>6</sup> Official estimate provided by the UK [[Office for National Statistics]]. As of April 2005, the July 2004 estimates were not yet available.<br><sup>7</sup> [[ISO 3166-1]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is unused}} == Historia == == Politiki == <br clear="all"/> == Subdivisions == {{UK}} == Jyografi == == Économie == == Démographie == [[Image:United-Kingdom-demography.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] == Culture == {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! Nom Lingála !! Nom local !! Remarques |- | {{1er janvier}} | Jour de l'an || New Year's Day | Le premier jour de la nouvelle année est férié partout |- {{ligne grise}} | [[2 janvier]] || Second jour de l'an | January 2nd Holiday | Le second jour de la nouvelle année est férié en Écosse seulement |----- | [[17 mars]] || [[Saint Patrick|St Patrick]] || St Patrick's Day | Jour férié en Irlande du nord seulement |- {{ligne grise}} | [[Pâques]] est le premier dimanche qui suit la première pleine Lune de Printemps.<br /> Vendredi avant le Dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | [[Vendredi saint]] || Good Friday | Crucifixion de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |----- | [[Lundi]] suivant le dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | Lundi de [[Pâques]] || Easter Monday | Résurrection de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] (pas en Écosse) |- {{ligne grise}} | Premier lundi de mai || 1{{er}} mai | May Day | Traditionnellement [[1er mai|1{{er}} mai]] |----- | Dernier lundi de mai ou premier lundi de juin | Jour férié du printemps || Spring Bank Holiday | Traditionnellement Pentecôte |- {{ligne grise}} | [[12 juillet]] || [[Bataille de la Boyne]] | Battle of the Boyne / Orangemen's Holiday | Jour férié pour l'[[Ordre Orange]] (en Irlande du nord seulement) |----- | Premier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (en Écosse seulement) |- {{ligne grise}} | Dernier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (pas en Écosse) |----- | [[25 décembre]] || [[Noël]] || Christmas Day | Naissance de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |- {{ligne grise}} | [[26 décembre]] || [[Lendemain de Noël]] | Boxing Day || |} == Divers == == Noms officiels == *United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ([[anglais]]) La [[Charte européenne des langues régionales ou minoritaires]] reconnaît le [[gallois]], l'[[écossais]], l'[[irlandais]], le [[cornique]] et le [[scots]] comme langues régionales du Royaume-Uni respectivement nommé ainsi : *Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon ([[gallois]]) *An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath ([[écossais]]) *Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann ([[irlandais]]) *An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh ([[cornique]]) *Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland ([[scots]]) == Tála mpé == {{commons|Category:United Kingdom|le Royaume-Uni}} {{wikitravel|les Royaume-Uni|Royaume-Uni}} === Nkásá o libándá === * {{en}} [http://www.ukonline.gov.uk/ Portail de l'administration britannique] * {{en}} [http://www.parliament.uk Parlement du Royaume-Uni] * {{fr}} [http://fr.jurispedia.org/index.php/Royaume-Uni_de_Grande-Bretagne_et_d%27Irlande_du_Nord Le droit du Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord (Jurispedia)] * {{en}} [http://www.uk-time.com UK Time] - {{Template:Bisé ya Eropa}} [[catégorie:Royaume-Uni|*]] [[af:Verenigde Koninkryk]] [[ar:مملكة متحدة]] [[bg:Обединено кралство]] [[br:Rouantelezh Unanet]] [[ca:Regne Unit de la Gran Bretanya i Irlanda del Nord]] [[cs:Velká Británie]] [[cy:Y Deyrnas Unedig]] [[da:Det Forenede Kongerige]] [[de:Großbritannien und Nordirland]] [[et:Suurbritannia]] [[el:Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο]] [[en:United Kingdom]] [[es:Reino Unido]] [[eo:Unuigita Reĝlando de Britio kaj Nord-Irlando]] [[ga:An Ríocht Aontaithe]] [[gl:Reino Unido]] [[ko:영국]] [[id:Britania Raya]] [[ia:Regno Unite]] [[it:Regno Unito]] [[he:הממלכה המאוחדת]] [[la:Regnum Unitum]] [[lt:Jungtinė Karalystė]] [[ms:United Kingdom]] [[nl:Verenigd Koninkrijk]] [[ja:イギリス]] [[no:Storbritannia]] [[oc:Reialme Unit]] [[nds:Groot Britannien]] [[pl:Wielka Brytania]] [[pt:Reino Unido]] [[ro:Regatul Unit]] [[rm:Reginavel Unì da la Gronda Britannia ed Irlanda dal Nord]] [[ru:Великобритания]] [[simple:United Kingdom]] [[sl:Združeno kraljestvo]] [[fi:Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta]] [[sv:Storbritannien]][[tl:Nagkakaisang Kaharian]] [[ur:برطانیہ]] [[vi:Liên hiệp Vương quốc Anh và Bắc Ai-len]] [[zh-cn:英国]] [[zh-tw:英國]] [[zh-min-nan:Li&#226;n-ha&#781;p &#212;ng-kok]] 8321 2006-05-30T08:04:27Z Moyogo 11 {{bokokani}} '''Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ''' ezalí Lisangá ya Mani ya Britania Monɛ́nɛ mpé Irlandí ya Likólo. Mani ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ ezalí [[Elizabeth II]]. Mbóka-mokonzi ezalí [[Londoni]]. {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó_na_lokóta = United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | nkómbó = Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ | image_flag = uk flag large.png | image_coat = UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png | image_map = LocationUnitedKingdom.png | mokáno = [[Dieu et mon droit]] (Royal motto)<br>([[Lifalansé]]: Nzámbe ndé likoki na ngáí)''<sup>2</sup></small> | loyémbo = [[God Save the Queen]]<sup>3</sup> | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|None]]; [[Lingɛlɛ́sa]] ''[[de facto]]'' <sup>4</sup> | nkótá_ya_ekólo=| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Londoni]] | latd=51|latm=30|latNS=N|longd=0|longm=7|longEW=W| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Londoni]] | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Constitutional monarchy]] | babengí_mokambi = [[British monarchy|Queen]]<br>[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] | nkómbó_mokambi = [[Elizabeth II ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|Elizabeth II]]<br>[[Tony Blair]] | etando_limati = ya 77 | etando_bonɛ́nɛ = 1 E11 | etando = 244,820 | ndámbo_mái = 1,3% | bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 59 553 800| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2003| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=22 | bato_na_etando = 246,5| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 49 | bato_botángi = 58 789 194| bato_botángi_mbúla= 2001| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = $1,825,837 million| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2005| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 6| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = $30,658| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 15| sovereignty_type = [[Act of Union 1800|Establishment]] | established_events = | established_dates = 1801<sup>5</sup>| mosɔlɔ = [[Pound Sterling|British pound]] (&pound;) | currency_code = GBP | ngonga = [[GMT]] | utc_offset = +0 | ngonga_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | cctld= [[.uk]]<sup>7</sup> | calling_code = 44 | footnotes = <sup>1</sup>In the UK, [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|some other language]]s have been officially recognised as legitimate [[autochthonous language|autochthonous]] [[regional language|(regional) languages]] under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]]. In each of these, the UK's official name is as follows: *<small>[[Welsh language|Welsh]]: ''Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon'' *<small>[[Gayeliki y'Ekósi]]: ''An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath'' *<small>[[Kirlándi]]: ''Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Tuaisceart na hÉireann'' *<small>[[Cornish language|Cornish]]: ''An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh'' *<small>[[Kiekósi]]: ''Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland''<br/> <small><sup>2</sup> The Royal motto in Scotland is ''Nemo Me Impune Lacessit'' ([[Latin]]: "No-one harms me with impunity").<br><sup>3</sup> Unofficial.<br><sup>4</sup> Officially recognised regional languages:<br>in [[Wales]]: [[Welsh language|Welsh]]; and in [[Scotland]]: [[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic]] since 2004 Act.<br><sup>5</sup> Formed as ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland''. Name changed to the ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'' in 1927.<br><sup>6</sup> Official estimate provided by the UK [[Office for National Statistics]]. As of April 2005, the July 2004 estimates were not yet available.<br><sup>7</sup> [[ISO 3166-1]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is unused}} == Historia == == Politiki == <br clear="all"/> == Subdivisions == {{UK}} == Jyografi == == Économie == == Démographie == [[Image:United-Kingdom-demography.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] == Culture == {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! Nom Lingála !! Nom local !! Remarques |- | {{1er janvier}} | Jour de l'an || New Year's Day | Le premier jour de la nouvelle année est férié partout |- {{ligne grise}} | [[2 janvier]] || Second jour de l'an | January 2nd Holiday | Le second jour de la nouvelle année est férié en Écosse seulement |----- | [[17 mars]] || [[Saint Patrick|St Patrick]] || St Patrick's Day | Jour férié en Irlande du nord seulement |- {{ligne grise}} | [[Pâques]] est le premier dimanche qui suit la première pleine Lune de Printemps.<br /> Vendredi avant le Dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | [[Vendredi saint]] || Good Friday | Crucifixion de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |----- | [[Lundi]] suivant le dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | Lundi de [[Pâques]] || Easter Monday | Résurrection de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] (pas en Écosse) |- {{ligne grise}} | Premier lundi de mai || 1{{er}} mai | May Day | Traditionnellement [[1er mai|1{{er}} mai]] |----- | Dernier lundi de mai ou premier lundi de juin | Jour férié du printemps || Spring Bank Holiday | Traditionnellement Pentecôte |- {{ligne grise}} | [[12 juillet]] || [[Bataille de la Boyne]] | Battle of the Boyne / Orangemen's Holiday | Jour férié pour l'[[Ordre Orange]] (en Irlande du nord seulement) |----- | Premier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (en Écosse seulement) |- {{ligne grise}} | Dernier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (pas en Écosse) |----- | [[25 décembre]] || [[Noël]] || Christmas Day | Naissance de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |- {{ligne grise}} | [[26 décembre]] || [[Lendemain de Noël]] | Boxing Day || |} == Divers == == Noms officiels == *United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ([[anglais]]) La [[Charte européenne des langues régionales ou minoritaires]] reconnaît le [[gallois]], l'[[écossais]], l'[[irlandais]], le [[cornique]] et le [[scots]] comme langues régionales du Royaume-Uni respectivement nommé ainsi : *Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon ([[gallois]]) *An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath ([[écossais]]) *Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann ([[irlandais]]) *An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh ([[cornique]]) *Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland ([[scots]]) == Tála mpé == {{commons|Category:United Kingdom|le Royaume-Uni}} {{wikitravel|les Royaume-Uni|Royaume-Uni}} === Nkásá o libándá === * {{en}} [http://www.ukonline.gov.uk/ Portail de l'administration britannique] * {{en}} [http://www.parliament.uk Parlement du Royaume-Uni] * {{fr}} [http://fr.jurispedia.org/index.php/Royaume-Uni_de_Grande-Bretagne_et_d%27Irlande_du_Nord Le droit du Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord (Jurispedia)] * {{en}} [http://www.uk-time.com UK Time] - {{Template:Bisé ya Eropa}} [[catégorie:Royaume-Uni|*]] [[af:Verenigde Koninkryk]] [[ar:مملكة متحدة]] [[bg:Обединено кралство]] [[br:Rouantelezh Unanet]] [[ca:Regne Unit de la Gran Bretanya i Irlanda del Nord]] [[cs:Velká Británie]] [[cy:Y Deyrnas Unedig]] [[da:Det Forenede Kongerige]] [[de:Großbritannien und Nordirland]] [[et:Suurbritannia]] [[el:Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο]] [[en:United Kingdom]] [[es:Reino Unido]] [[eo:Unuigita Reĝlando de Britio kaj Nord-Irlando]] [[ga:An Ríocht Aontaithe]] [[gl:Reino Unido]] [[ko:영국]] [[id:Britania Raya]] [[ia:Regno Unite]] [[it:Regno Unito]] [[he:הממלכה המאוחדת]] [[la:Regnum Unitum]] [[lt:Jungtinė Karalystė]] [[ms:United Kingdom]] [[nl:Verenigd Koninkrijk]] [[ja:イギリス]] [[no:Storbritannia]] [[oc:Reialme Unit]] [[nds:Groot Britannien]] [[pl:Wielka Brytania]] [[pt:Reino Unido]] [[ro:Regatul Unit]] [[rm:Reginavel Unì da la Gronda Britannia ed Irlanda dal Nord]] [[ru:Великобритания]] [[simple:United Kingdom]] [[sl:Združeno kraljestvo]] [[fi:Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta]] [[sv:Storbritannien]][[tl:Nagkakaisang Kaharian]] [[ur:برطانیہ]] [[vi:Liên hiệp Vương quốc Anh và Bắc Ai-len]] [[zh-cn:英国]] [[zh-tw:英國]] [[zh-min-nan:Li&#226;n-ha&#781;p &#212;ng-kok]] 8895 2006-07-13T13:29:02Z Moyogo 11 {{bokokani}} '''Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ''' ezalí Lisangá ya Mani ya Britania Monɛ́nɛ mpé Irlandí ya Likólo. Mani ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ ezalí [[Elizabeth II]]. Mbóka-mokonzi ezalí [[Londoni]]. {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó_na_lokótá = United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | nkómbó = Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ | image_flag = uk flag large.png | image_coat = UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png | image_map = LocationUnitedKingdom.png | mokáno = [[Dieu et mon droit]] (Royal motto)<br>([[Lifalansé]]: Nzámbe ndé likoki na ngáí)''<sup>2</sup></small> | loyémbo = [[God Save the Queen]]<sup>3</sup> | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|None]]; [[Lingɛlɛ́sa]] ''[[de facto]]'' <sup>4</sup> | nkótá_ya_ekólo=| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Londoni]] | latd=51|latm=30|latNS=N|longd=0|longm=7|longEW=W| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Londoni]] | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Constitutional monarchy]] | babengí_mokambi = [[British monarchy|Queen]]<br>[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] | nkómbó_mokambi = [[Elizabeth II ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|Elizabeth II]]<br>[[Tony Blair]] | etando_limati = ya 77 | etando_bonɛ́nɛ = 1 E11 | etando = 244,820 | ndámbo_mái = 1,3% | bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 59 553 800| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2003| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=22 | bato_na_etando = 246,5| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 49 | bato_botángi = 58 789 194| bato_botángi_mbúla= 2001| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = $1,825,837 million| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2005| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 6| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = $30,658| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 15| sovereignty_type = [[Act of Union 1800|Establishment]] | established_events = | established_dates = 1801<sup>5</sup>| mosɔlɔ = [[Pound Sterling|British pound]] (&pound;) | currency_code = GBP | ngonga = [[GMT]] | utc_offset = +0 | ngonga_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | cctld= [[.uk]]<sup>7</sup> | calling_code = 44 | footnotes = <sup>1</sup>In the UK, [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|some other language]]s have been officially recognised as legitimate [[autochthonous language|autochthonous]] [[regional language|(regional) languages]] under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]]. In each of these, the UK's official name is as follows: *<small>[[Welsh language|Welsh]]: ''Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon'' *<small>[[Gayeliki y'Ekósi]]: ''An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath'' *<small>[[Kirlándi]]: ''Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Tuaisceart na hÉireann'' *<small>[[Cornish language|Cornish]]: ''An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh'' *<small>[[Kiekósi]]: ''Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland''<br/> <small><sup>2</sup> The Royal motto in Scotland is ''Nemo Me Impune Lacessit'' ([[Latin]]: "No-one harms me with impunity").<br><sup>3</sup> Unofficial.<br><sup>4</sup> Officially recognised regional languages:<br>in [[Wales]]: [[Welsh language|Welsh]]; and in [[Scotland]]: [[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic]] since 2004 Act.<br><sup>5</sup> Formed as ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland''. Name changed to the ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'' in 1927.<br><sup>6</sup> Official estimate provided by the UK [[Office for National Statistics]]. As of April 2005, the July 2004 estimates were not yet available.<br><sup>7</sup> [[ISO 3166-1]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is unused}} == Historia == == Politiki == <br clear="all"/> == Subdivisions == {{UK}} == Jyografi == == Économie == == Démographie == [[Image:United-Kingdom-demography.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] == Culture == {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! Nom Lingála !! Nom local !! Remarques |- | {{1er janvier}} | Jour de l'an || New Year's Day | Le premier jour de la nouvelle année est férié partout |- {{ligne grise}} | [[2 janvier]] || Second jour de l'an | January 2nd Holiday | Le second jour de la nouvelle année est férié en Écosse seulement |----- | [[17 mars]] || [[Saint Patrick|St Patrick]] || St Patrick's Day | Jour férié en Irlande du nord seulement |- {{ligne grise}} | [[Pâques]] est le premier dimanche qui suit la première pleine Lune de Printemps.<br /> Vendredi avant le Dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | [[Vendredi saint]] || Good Friday | Crucifixion de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |----- | [[Lundi]] suivant le dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | Lundi de [[Pâques]] || Easter Monday | Résurrection de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] (pas en Écosse) |- {{ligne grise}} | Premier lundi de mai || 1{{er}} mai | May Day | Traditionnellement [[1er mai|1{{er}} mai]] |----- | Dernier lundi de mai ou premier lundi de juin | Jour férié du printemps || Spring Bank Holiday | Traditionnellement Pentecôte |- {{ligne grise}} | [[12 juillet]] || [[Bataille de la Boyne]] | Battle of the Boyne / Orangemen's Holiday | Jour férié pour l'[[Ordre Orange]] (en Irlande du nord seulement) |----- | Premier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (en Écosse seulement) |- {{ligne grise}} | Dernier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (pas en Écosse) |----- | [[25 décembre]] || [[Noël]] || Christmas Day | Naissance de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |- {{ligne grise}} | [[26 décembre]] || [[Lendemain de Noël]] | Boxing Day || |} == Divers == == Noms officiels == *United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ([[anglais]]) La [[Charte européenne des langues régionales ou minoritaires]] reconnaît le [[gallois]], l'[[écossais]], l'[[irlandais]], le [[cornique]] et le [[scots]] comme langues régionales du Royaume-Uni respectivement nommé ainsi : *Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon ([[gallois]]) *An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath ([[écossais]]) *Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann ([[irlandais]]) *An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh ([[cornique]]) *Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland ([[scots]]) == Tála mpé == {{commons|Category:United Kingdom|le Royaume-Uni}} {{wikitravel|les Royaume-Uni|Royaume-Uni}} === Nkásá o libándá === * {{en}} [http://www.ukonline.gov.uk/ Portail de l'administration britannique] * {{en}} [http://www.parliament.uk Parlement du Royaume-Uni] * {{fr}} [http://fr.jurispedia.org/index.php/Royaume-Uni_de_Grande-Bretagne_et_d%27Irlande_du_Nord Le droit du Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord (Jurispedia)] * {{en}} [http://www.uk-time.com UK Time] - {{Template:Bisé ya Eropa}} [[catégorie:Royaume-Uni|*]] [[af:Verenigde Koninkryk]] [[ar:مملكة متحدة]] [[bg:Обединено кралство]] [[br:Rouantelezh Unanet]] [[ca:Regne Unit de la Gran Bretanya i Irlanda del Nord]] [[cs:Velká Británie]] [[cy:Y Deyrnas Unedig]] [[da:Det Forenede Kongerige]] [[de:Großbritannien und Nordirland]] [[et:Suurbritannia]] [[el:Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο]] [[en:United Kingdom]] [[es:Reino Unido]] [[eo:Unuigita Reĝlando de Britio kaj Nord-Irlando]] [[ga:An Ríocht Aontaithe]] [[gl:Reino Unido]] [[ko:영국]] [[id:Britania Raya]] [[ia:Regno Unite]] [[it:Regno Unito]] [[he:הממלכה המאוחדת]] [[la:Regnum Unitum]] [[lt:Jungtinė Karalystė]] [[ms:United Kingdom]] [[nl:Verenigd Koninkrijk]] [[ja:イギリス]] [[no:Storbritannia]] [[oc:Reialme Unit]] [[nds:Groot Britannien]] [[pl:Wielka Brytania]] [[pt:Reino Unido]] [[ro:Regatul Unit]] [[rm:Reginavel Unì da la Gronda Britannia ed Irlanda dal Nord]] [[ru:Великобритания]] [[simple:United Kingdom]] [[sl:Združeno kraljestvo]] [[fi:Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta]] [[sv:Storbritannien]][[tl:Nagkakaisang Kaharian]] [[ur:برطانیہ]] [[vi:Liên hiệp Vương quốc Anh và Bắc Ai-len]] [[zh-cn:英国]] [[zh-tw:英國]] [[zh-min-nan:Li&#226;n-ha&#781;p &#212;ng-kok]] 9045 2006-08-02T06:20:32Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: kw, mk Modifie: cs, ga, tl {{bokokani}} '''Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ''' ezalí Lisangá ya Mani ya Britania Monɛ́nɛ mpé Irlandí ya Likólo. Mani ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ ezalí [[Elizabeth II]]. Mbóka-mokonzi ezalí [[Londoni]]. {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó_na_lokótá = United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | nkómbó = Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ | image_flag = uk flag large.png | image_coat = UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png | image_map = LocationUnitedKingdom.png | mokáno = [[Dieu et mon droit]] (Royal motto)<br>([[Lifalansé]]: Nzámbe ndé likoki na ngáí)''<sup>2</sup></small> | loyémbo = [[God Save the Queen]]<sup>3</sup> | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|None]]; [[Lingɛlɛ́sa]] ''[[de facto]]'' <sup>4</sup> | nkótá_ya_ekólo=| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Londoni]] | latd=51|latm=30|latNS=N|longd=0|longm=7|longEW=W| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Londoni]] | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Constitutional monarchy]] | babengí_mokambi = [[British monarchy|Queen]]<br>[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] | nkómbó_mokambi = [[Elizabeth II ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|Elizabeth II]]<br>[[Tony Blair]] | etando_limati = ya 77 | etando_bonɛ́nɛ = 1 E11 | etando = 244,820 | ndámbo_mái = 1,3% | bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 59 553 800| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2003| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=22 | bato_na_etando = 246,5| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 49 | bato_botángi = 58 789 194| bato_botángi_mbúla= 2001| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = $1,825,837 million| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2005| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 6| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = $30,658| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 15| sovereignty_type = [[Act of Union 1800|Establishment]] | established_events = | established_dates = 1801<sup>5</sup>| mosɔlɔ = [[Pound Sterling|British pound]] (&pound;) | currency_code = GBP | ngonga = [[GMT]] | utc_offset = +0 | ngonga_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | cctld= [[.uk]]<sup>7</sup> | calling_code = 44 | footnotes = <sup>1</sup>In the UK, [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|some other language]]s have been officially recognised as legitimate [[autochthonous language|autochthonous]] [[regional language|(regional) languages]] under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]]. In each of these, the UK's official name is as follows: *<small>[[Welsh language|Welsh]]: ''Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon'' *<small>[[Gayeliki y'Ekósi]]: ''An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath'' *<small>[[Kirlándi]]: ''Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Tuaisceart na hÉireann'' *<small>[[Cornish language|Cornish]]: ''An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh'' *<small>[[Kiekósi]]: ''Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland''<br/> <small><sup>2</sup> The Royal motto in Scotland is ''Nemo Me Impune Lacessit'' ([[Latin]]: "No-one harms me with impunity").<br><sup>3</sup> Unofficial.<br><sup>4</sup> Officially recognised regional languages:<br>in [[Wales]]: [[Welsh language|Welsh]]; and in [[Scotland]]: [[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic]] since 2004 Act.<br><sup>5</sup> Formed as ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland''. Name changed to the ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'' in 1927.<br><sup>6</sup> Official estimate provided by the UK [[Office for National Statistics]]. As of April 2005, the July 2004 estimates were not yet available.<br><sup>7</sup> [[ISO 3166-1]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is unused}} == Historia == == Politiki == <br clear="all"/> == Subdivisions == {{UK}} == Jyografi == == Économie == == Démographie == [[Image:United-Kingdom-demography.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] == Culture == {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! Nom Lingála !! Nom local !! Remarques |- | {{1er janvier}} | Jour de l'an || New Year's Day | Le premier jour de la nouvelle année est férié partout |- {{ligne grise}} | [[2 janvier]] || Second jour de l'an | January 2nd Holiday | Le second jour de la nouvelle année est férié en Écosse seulement |----- | [[17 mars]] || [[Saint Patrick|St Patrick]] || St Patrick's Day | Jour férié en Irlande du nord seulement |- {{ligne grise}} | [[Pâques]] est le premier dimanche qui suit la première pleine Lune de Printemps.<br /> Vendredi avant le Dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | [[Vendredi saint]] || Good Friday | Crucifixion de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |----- | [[Lundi]] suivant le dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | Lundi de [[Pâques]] || Easter Monday | Résurrection de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] (pas en Écosse) |- {{ligne grise}} | Premier lundi de mai || 1{{er}} mai | May Day | Traditionnellement [[1er mai|1{{er}} mai]] |----- | Dernier lundi de mai ou premier lundi de juin | Jour férié du printemps || Spring Bank Holiday | Traditionnellement Pentecôte |- {{ligne grise}} | [[12 juillet]] || [[Bataille de la Boyne]] | Battle of the Boyne / Orangemen's Holiday | Jour férié pour l'[[Ordre Orange]] (en Irlande du nord seulement) |----- | Premier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (en Écosse seulement) |- {{ligne grise}} | Dernier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (pas en Écosse) |----- | [[25 décembre]] || [[Noël]] || Christmas Day | Naissance de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |- {{ligne grise}} | [[26 décembre]] || [[Lendemain de Noël]] | Boxing Day || |} == Divers == == Noms officiels == *United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ([[anglais]]) La [[Charte européenne des langues régionales ou minoritaires]] reconnaît le [[gallois]], l'[[écossais]], l'[[irlandais]], le [[cornique]] et le [[scots]] comme langues régionales du Royaume-Uni respectivement nommé ainsi : *Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon ([[gallois]]) *An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath ([[écossais]]) *Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann ([[irlandais]]) *An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh ([[cornique]]) *Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland ([[scots]]) == Tála mpé == {{commons|Category:United Kingdom|le Royaume-Uni}} {{wikitravel|les Royaume-Uni|Royaume-Uni}} === Nkásá o libándá === * {{en}} [http://www.ukonline.gov.uk/ Portail de l'administration britannique] * {{en}} [http://www.parliament.uk Parlement du Royaume-Uni] * {{fr}} [http://fr.jurispedia.org/index.php/Royaume-Uni_de_Grande-Bretagne_et_d%27Irlande_du_Nord Le droit du Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord (Jurispedia)] * {{en}} [http://www.uk-time.com UK Time] - {{Template:Bisé ya Eropa}} [[catégorie:Royaume-Uni|*]] [[af:Verenigde Koninkryk]] [[ar:مملكة متحدة]] [[bg:Обединено кралство]] [[br:Rouantelezh Unanet]] [[ca:Regne Unit de la Gran Bretanya i Irlanda del Nord]] [[cs:Británie]] [[cy:Y Deyrnas Unedig]] [[da:Det Forenede Kongerige]] [[de:Großbritannien und Nordirland]] [[el:Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο]] [[en:United Kingdom]] [[eo:Unuigita Reĝlando de Britio kaj Nord-Irlando]] [[es:Reino Unido]] [[et:Suurbritannia]] [[fi:Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta]] [[ga:An Bhreatain Mhór]] [[gl:Reino Unido]] [[he:הממלכה המאוחדת]] [[ia:Regno Unite]] [[id:Britania Raya]] [[it:Regno Unito]] [[ja:イギリス]] [[ko:영국]] [[kw:Breten]] [[la:Regnum Unitum]] [[lt:Jungtinė Karalystė]] [[mk:Обединетото Кралство]] [[ms:United Kingdom]] [[nds:Groot Britannien]] [[nl:Verenigd Koninkrijk]] [[no:Storbritannia]] [[oc:Reialme Unit]] [[pl:Wielka Brytania]] [[pt:Reino Unido]] [[rm:Reginavel Unì da la Gronda Britannia ed Irlanda dal Nord]] [[ro:Regatul Unit]] [[ru:Великобритания]] [[simple:United Kingdom]] [[sl:Združeno kraljestvo]] [[sv:Storbritannien]] [[tl:Britain]] [[ur:برطانیہ]] [[vi:Liên hiệp Vương quốc Anh và Bắc Ai-len]] [[zh:英國]] [[zh-min-nan:Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok]] 9066 2006-08-04T16:54:45Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: fr Modifie: de, en, eo, ja, ko, pt {{bokokani}} '''Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ''' ezalí Lisangá ya Mani ya Britania Monɛ́nɛ mpé Irlandí ya Likólo. Mani ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ ezalí [[Elizabeth II]]. Mbóka-mokonzi ezalí [[Londoni]]. {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó_na_lokótá = United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | nkómbó = Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ | image_flag = uk flag large.png | image_coat = UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png | image_map = LocationUnitedKingdom.png | mokáno = [[Dieu et mon droit]] (Royal motto)<br>([[Lifalansé]]: Nzámbe ndé likoki na ngáí)''<sup>2</sup></small> | loyémbo = [[God Save the Queen]]<sup>3</sup> | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|None]]; [[Lingɛlɛ́sa]] ''[[de facto]]'' <sup>4</sup> | nkótá_ya_ekólo=| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Londoni]] | latd=51|latm=30|latNS=N|longd=0|longm=7|longEW=W| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Londoni]] | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Constitutional monarchy]] | babengí_mokambi = [[British monarchy|Queen]]<br>[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] | nkómbó_mokambi = [[Elizabeth II ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|Elizabeth II]]<br>[[Tony Blair]] | etando_limati = ya 77 | etando_bonɛ́nɛ = 1 E11 | etando = 244,820 | ndámbo_mái = 1,3% | bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 59 553 800| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2003| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=22 | bato_na_etando = 246,5| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 49 | bato_botángi = 58 789 194| bato_botángi_mbúla= 2001| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = $1,825,837 million| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2005| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 6| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = $30,658| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 15| sovereignty_type = [[Act of Union 1800|Establishment]] | established_events = | established_dates = 1801<sup>5</sup>| mosɔlɔ = [[Pound Sterling|British pound]] (&pound;) | currency_code = GBP | ngonga = [[GMT]] | utc_offset = +0 | ngonga_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | cctld= [[.uk]]<sup>7</sup> | calling_code = 44 | footnotes = <sup>1</sup>In the UK, [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|some other language]]s have been officially recognised as legitimate [[autochthonous language|autochthonous]] [[regional language|(regional) languages]] under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]]. In each of these, the UK's official name is as follows: *<small>[[Welsh language|Welsh]]: ''Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon'' *<small>[[Gayeliki y'Ekósi]]: ''An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath'' *<small>[[Kirlándi]]: ''Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Tuaisceart na hÉireann'' *<small>[[Cornish language|Cornish]]: ''An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh'' *<small>[[Kiekósi]]: ''Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland''<br/> <small><sup>2</sup> The Royal motto in Scotland is ''Nemo Me Impune Lacessit'' ([[Latin]]: "No-one harms me with impunity").<br><sup>3</sup> Unofficial.<br><sup>4</sup> Officially recognised regional languages:<br>in [[Wales]]: [[Welsh language|Welsh]]; and in [[Scotland]]: [[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic]] since 2004 Act.<br><sup>5</sup> Formed as ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland''. Name changed to the ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'' in 1927.<br><sup>6</sup> Official estimate provided by the UK [[Office for National Statistics]]. As of April 2005, the July 2004 estimates were not yet available.<br><sup>7</sup> [[ISO 3166-1]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is unused}} == Historia == == Politiki == <br clear="all"/> == Subdivisions == {{UK}} == Jyografi == == Économie == == Démographie == [[Image:United-Kingdom-demography.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] == Culture == {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! Nom Lingála !! Nom local !! Remarques |- | {{1er janvier}} | Jour de l'an || New Year's Day | Le premier jour de la nouvelle année est férié partout |- {{ligne grise}} | [[2 janvier]] || Second jour de l'an | January 2nd Holiday | Le second jour de la nouvelle année est férié en Écosse seulement |----- | [[17 mars]] || [[Saint Patrick|St Patrick]] || St Patrick's Day | Jour férié en Irlande du nord seulement |- {{ligne grise}} | [[Pâques]] est le premier dimanche qui suit la première pleine Lune de Printemps.<br /> Vendredi avant le Dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | [[Vendredi saint]] || Good Friday | Crucifixion de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |----- | [[Lundi]] suivant le dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | Lundi de [[Pâques]] || Easter Monday | Résurrection de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] (pas en Écosse) |- {{ligne grise}} | Premier lundi de mai || 1{{er}} mai | May Day | Traditionnellement [[1er mai|1{{er}} mai]] |----- | Dernier lundi de mai ou premier lundi de juin | Jour férié du printemps || Spring Bank Holiday | Traditionnellement Pentecôte |- {{ligne grise}} | [[12 juillet]] || [[Bataille de la Boyne]] | Battle of the Boyne / Orangemen's Holiday | Jour férié pour l'[[Ordre Orange]] (en Irlande du nord seulement) |----- | Premier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (en Écosse seulement) |- {{ligne grise}} | Dernier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (pas en Écosse) |----- | [[25 décembre]] || [[Noël]] || Christmas Day | Naissance de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |- {{ligne grise}} | [[26 décembre]] || [[Lendemain de Noël]] | Boxing Day || |} == Divers == == Noms officiels == *United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ([[anglais]]) La [[Charte européenne des langues régionales ou minoritaires]] reconnaît le [[gallois]], l'[[écossais]], l'[[irlandais]], le [[cornique]] et le [[scots]] comme langues régionales du Royaume-Uni respectivement nommé ainsi : *Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon ([[gallois]]) *An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath ([[écossais]]) *Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann ([[irlandais]]) *An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh ([[cornique]]) *Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland ([[scots]]) == Tála mpé == {{commons|Category:United Kingdom|le Royaume-Uni}} {{wikitravel|les Royaume-Uni|Royaume-Uni}} === Nkásá o libándá === * {{en}} [http://www.ukonline.gov.uk/ Portail de l'administration britannique] * {{en}} [http://www.parliament.uk Parlement du Royaume-Uni] * {{fr}} [http://fr.jurispedia.org/index.php/Royaume-Uni_de_Grande-Bretagne_et_d%27Irlande_du_Nord Le droit du Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord (Jurispedia)] * {{en}} [http://www.uk-time.com UK Time] - {{Template:Bisé ya Eropa}} [[catégorie:Royaume-Uni|*]] [[af:Verenigde Koninkryk]] [[ar:مملكة متحدة]] [[bg:Обединено кралство]] [[br:Rouantelezh Unanet]] [[ca:Regne Unit de la Gran Bretanya i Irlanda del Nord]] [[cs:Británie]] [[cy:Y Deyrnas Unedig]] [[da:Det Forenede Kongerige]] [[de:UK]] [[el:Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο]] [[en:UK (disambiguation)]] [[eo:UK]] [[es:Reino Unido]] [[et:Suurbritannia]] [[fi:Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta]] [[fr:UK]] [[ga:An Bhreatain Mhór]] [[gl:Reino Unido]] [[he:הממלכה המאוחדת]] [[ia:Regno Unite]] [[id:Britania Raya]] [[it:Regno Unito]] [[ja:UK]] [[ko:UK]] [[kw:Breten]] [[la:Regnum Unitum]] [[lt:Jungtinė Karalystė]] [[mk:Обединетото Кралство]] [[ms:United Kingdom]] [[nds:Groot Britannien]] [[nl:Verenigd Koninkrijk]] [[no:Storbritannia]] [[oc:Reialme Unit]] [[pl:Wielka Brytania]] [[pt:UK]] [[rm:Reginavel Unì da la Gronda Britannia ed Irlanda dal Nord]] [[ro:Regatul Unit]] [[ru:Великобритания]] [[simple:United Kingdom]] [[sl:Združeno kraljestvo]] [[sv:Storbritannien]] [[tl:Britain]] [[ur:برطانیہ]] [[vi:Liên hiệp Vương quốc Anh và Bắc Ai-len]] [[zh:英國]] [[zh-min-nan:Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok]] 9131 2006-08-19T05:15:55Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[sk:UK]] {{bokokani}} '''Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ''' ezalí Lisangá ya Mani ya Britania Monɛ́nɛ mpé Irlandí ya Likólo. Mani ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ ezalí [[Elizabeth II]]. Mbóka-mokonzi ezalí [[Londoni]]. {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó_na_lokótá = United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | nkómbó = Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ | image_flag = uk flag large.png | image_coat = UK_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.png | image_map = LocationUnitedKingdom.png | mokáno = [[Dieu et mon droit]] (Royal motto)<br>([[Lifalansé]]: Nzámbe ndé likoki na ngáí)''<sup>2</sup></small> | loyémbo = [[God Save the Queen]]<sup>3</sup> | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|None]]; [[Lingɛlɛ́sa]] ''[[de facto]]'' <sup>4</sup> | nkótá_ya_ekólo=| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Londoni]] | latd=51|latm=30|latNS=N|longd=0|longm=7|longEW=W| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Londoni]] | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Constitutional monarchy]] | babengí_mokambi = [[British monarchy|Queen]]<br>[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] | nkómbó_mokambi = [[Elizabeth II ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|Elizabeth II]]<br>[[Tony Blair]] | etando_limati = ya 77 | etando_bonɛ́nɛ = 1 E11 | etando = 244,820 | ndámbo_mái = 1,3% | bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 59 553 800| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2003| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=22 | bato_na_etando = 246,5| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 49 | bato_botángi = 58 789 194| bato_botángi_mbúla= 2001| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = $1,825,837 million| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2005| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 6| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = $30,658| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 15| sovereignty_type = [[Act of Union 1800|Establishment]] | established_events = | established_dates = 1801<sup>5</sup>| mosɔlɔ = [[Pound Sterling|British pound]] (&pound;) | currency_code = GBP | ngonga = [[GMT]] | utc_offset = +0 | ngonga_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | cctld= [[.uk]]<sup>7</sup> | calling_code = 44 | footnotes = <sup>1</sup>In the UK, [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|some other language]]s have been officially recognised as legitimate [[autochthonous language|autochthonous]] [[regional language|(regional) languages]] under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]]. In each of these, the UK's official name is as follows: *<small>[[Welsh language|Welsh]]: ''Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon'' *<small>[[Gayeliki y'Ekósi]]: ''An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath'' *<small>[[Kirlándi]]: ''Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Tuaisceart na hÉireann'' *<small>[[Cornish language|Cornish]]: ''An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh'' *<small>[[Kiekósi]]: ''Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland''<br/> <small><sup>2</sup> The Royal motto in Scotland is ''Nemo Me Impune Lacessit'' ([[Latin]]: "No-one harms me with impunity").<br><sup>3</sup> Unofficial.<br><sup>4</sup> Officially recognised regional languages:<br>in [[Wales]]: [[Welsh language|Welsh]]; and in [[Scotland]]: [[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic]] since 2004 Act.<br><sup>5</sup> Formed as ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland''. Name changed to the ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'' in 1927.<br><sup>6</sup> Official estimate provided by the UK [[Office for National Statistics]]. As of April 2005, the July 2004 estimates were not yet available.<br><sup>7</sup> [[ISO 3166-1]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is unused}} == Historia == == Politiki == <br clear="all"/> == Subdivisions == {{UK}} == Jyografi == == Économie == == Démographie == [[Image:United-Kingdom-demography.png|thumb|650px|center|Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] == Culture == {{entête tableau charte}} |+ '''Fêtes et jours fériés''' ! Date !! Nom Lingála !! Nom local !! Remarques |- | {{1er janvier}} | Jour de l'an || New Year's Day | Le premier jour de la nouvelle année est férié partout |- {{ligne grise}} | [[2 janvier]] || Second jour de l'an | January 2nd Holiday | Le second jour de la nouvelle année est férié en Écosse seulement |----- | [[17 mars]] || [[Saint Patrick|St Patrick]] || St Patrick's Day | Jour férié en Irlande du nord seulement |- {{ligne grise}} | [[Pâques]] est le premier dimanche qui suit la première pleine Lune de Printemps.<br /> Vendredi avant le Dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | [[Vendredi saint]] || Good Friday | Crucifixion de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |----- | [[Lundi]] suivant le dimanche de [[Pâques]]. | Lundi de [[Pâques]] || Easter Monday | Résurrection de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] (pas en Écosse) |- {{ligne grise}} | Premier lundi de mai || 1{{er}} mai | May Day | Traditionnellement [[1er mai|1{{er}} mai]] |----- | Dernier lundi de mai ou premier lundi de juin | Jour férié du printemps || Spring Bank Holiday | Traditionnellement Pentecôte |- {{ligne grise}} | [[12 juillet]] || [[Bataille de la Boyne]] | Battle of the Boyne / Orangemen's Holiday | Jour férié pour l'[[Ordre Orange]] (en Irlande du nord seulement) |----- | Premier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (en Écosse seulement) |- {{ligne grise}} | Dernier [[lundi]] d'[[août]] || Jour férié de l'été | Summer Bank Holiday || Jour traditionnel (pas en Écosse) |----- | [[25 décembre]] || [[Noël]] || Christmas Day | Naissance de [[Jésus-Christ|Jésus]] |- {{ligne grise}} | [[26 décembre]] || [[Lendemain de Noël]] | Boxing Day || |} == Divers == == Noms officiels == *United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ([[anglais]]) La [[Charte européenne des langues régionales ou minoritaires]] reconnaît le [[gallois]], l'[[écossais]], l'[[irlandais]], le [[cornique]] et le [[scots]] comme langues régionales du Royaume-Uni respectivement nommé ainsi : *Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon ([[gallois]]) *An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath ([[écossais]]) *Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann ([[irlandais]]) *An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh ([[cornique]]) *Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland ([[scots]]) == Tála mpé == {{commons|Category:United Kingdom|le Royaume-Uni}} {{wikitravel|les Royaume-Uni|Royaume-Uni}} === Nkásá o libándá === * {{en}} [http://www.ukonline.gov.uk/ Portail de l'administration britannique] * {{en}} [http://www.parliament.uk Parlement du Royaume-Uni] * {{fr}} [http://fr.jurispedia.org/index.php/Royaume-Uni_de_Grande-Bretagne_et_d%27Irlande_du_Nord Le droit du Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord (Jurispedia)] * {{en}} [http://www.uk-time.com UK Time] - {{Template:Bisé ya Eropa}} [[catégorie:Royaume-Uni|*]] [[af:Verenigde Koninkryk]] [[ar:مملكة متحدة]] [[bg:Обединено кралство]] [[br:Rouantelezh Unanet]] [[ca:Regne Unit de la Gran Bretanya i Irlanda del Nord]] [[cs:Británie]] [[cy:Y Deyrnas Unedig]] [[da:Det Forenede Kongerige]] [[de:UK]] [[el:Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο]] [[en:UK (disambiguation)]] [[eo:UK]] [[es:Reino Unido]] [[et:Suurbritannia]] [[fi:Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta]] [[fr:UK]] [[ga:An Bhreatain Mhór]] [[gl:Reino Unido]] [[he:הממלכה המאוחדת]] [[ia:Regno Unite]] [[id:Britania Raya]] [[it:Regno Unito]] [[ja:UK]] [[ko:UK]] [[kw:Breten]] [[la:Regnum Unitum]] [[lt:Jungtinė Karalystė]] [[mk:Обединетото Кралство]] [[ms:United Kingdom]] [[nds:Groot Britannien]] [[nl:Verenigd Koninkrijk]] [[no:Storbritannia]] [[oc:Reialme Unit]] [[pl:Wielka Brytania]] [[pt:UK]] [[rm:Reginavel Unì da la Gronda Britannia ed Irlanda dal Nord]] [[ro:Regatul Unit]] [[ru:Великобритания]] [[simple:United Kingdom]] [[sk:UK]] [[sl:Združeno kraljestvo]] [[sv:Storbritannien]] [[tl:Britain]] [[ur:برطانیہ]] [[vi:Liên hiệp Vương quốc Anh và Bắc Ai-len]] [[zh:英國]] [[zh-min-nan:Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok]] Template:Country flagcountry 1674 5588 2005-07-24T11:59:38Z Themalau 22 [[Image:{{country_flag_alias_{{{1}}}}}|25px|{{country_alias_{{{1}}}}}]]&nbsp;[[{{country_alias_{{{1}}}}}|{{country_shortname_alias_{{{1}}}}}]] Template:UK 1675 5589 2005-07-24T13:16:38Z 199.8.238.219 {{country|flagcountry|United Kingdom}} 5611 2005-07-24T21:37:00Z 199.8.238.219 <br clear="all" /> {| class="toccolours" style="margin: 0 2em 0 2em;" align="center" ! align="center" style="background:#ccccff" width="100%" | <div style="float:left;width:50px;">&nbsp;</div> Les nations du [[Royaume-Uni]] || [[Image:Uk flag large.png|50px|Drapeau du Royaume-Uni]] |- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:England flag large.png|30px|Drapeau de l'Angleterre]] [[Angleterre]] | [[Image:Drapeau-ecossais.png|30px|Drapeau de l'Ecosse]] [[Ecosse]] | [[Image:Northern Ireland flag.gif|30px|Drapeau de l'Irlande du Nord]] [[Irlande du Nord]] | [[Image:Wales flag large.png|30px|Drapeau du Pays de Galles]] [[Pays de Galles]] |} {{country|flagcountry|United Kingdom}} 5612 2005-07-24T21:39:31Z 199.8.238.219 <br clear="all" /> {| class="toccolours" style="margin: 0 2em 0 2em;" align="center" ! align="center" style="background:#ccccff" width="100%" | <div style="float:left;width:50px;">&nbsp;</div> Bikolo okati ya [[Ingɛlɛtɛ́lɛ]] || [[Image:Uk flag large.png|50px|Drapeau du Royaume-Uni]] |- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:England flag large.png|30px|Drapeau de l'Angleterre]] [[Angleterre]] | [[Image:Drapeau-ecossais.png|30px|Drapeau de l'Ecosse]] [[Ecosse]] | [[Image:Northern Ireland flag.gif|30px|Drapeau de l'Irlande du Nord]] [[Irlande du Nord]] | [[Image:Wales flag large.png|30px|Drapeau du Pays de Galles]] [[Pays de Galles]] |} {{country|flagcountry|United Kingdom}} 5613 2005-07-24T21:40:25Z 199.8.238.219 <br clear="all" /> {| class="toccolours" style="margin: 0 2em 0 2em;" align="center" ! align="center" style="background:#ccccff" width="100%" | <div style="float:left;width:50px;">&nbsp;</div> Bikolo okati ya [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] || [[Image:Uk flag large.png|50px|Drapeau du Royaume-Uni]] |- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:England flag large.png|30px|Drapeau de l'Angleterre]] [[Angleterre]] | [[Image:Drapeau-ecossais.png|30px|Drapeau de l'Ecosse]] [[Ecosse]] | [[Image:Northern Ireland flag.gif|30px|Drapeau de l'Irlande du Nord]] [[Irlande du Nord]] | [[Image:Wales flag large.png|30px|Drapeau du Pays de Galles]] [[Pays de Galles]] |} {{country|flagcountry|United Kingdom}} 5614 2005-07-24T21:45:49Z 199.8.238.219 <br clear="all" /> {| class="toccolours" style="margin: 0 2em 0 2em;" align="center" ! align="center" style="background:#ccccff" width="100%" | <div style="float:left;width:50px;">&nbsp;</div> Bikolo okati ya [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] || [[Image:Uk flag large.png|50px|Drapeau du Royaume-Uni]] |- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:England flag large.png|30px|Drapeau de l'Angleterre]] [[Angleterre]] | [[Image:Drapeau-ecossais.png|30px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Ek]] [[Ekósi]] | [[Image:Northern Ireland flag.gif|30px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Irlandi ya Nor]] [[Irlande du Nord]] | [[Image:Wales flag large.png|30px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Ekolo Wali]] [[Ekolo Wali]] |} {{country|flagcountry|United Kingdom}} 5615 2005-07-24T21:46:19Z 199.8.238.219 <br clear="all" /> {| class="toccolours" style="margin: 0 2em 0 2em;" align="center" ! align="center" style="background:#ccccff" width="100%" | <div style="float:left;width:50px;">&nbsp;</div> Bikolo okati ya [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] || [[Image:Uk flag large.png|50px|Drapeau du Royaume-Uni]] |- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:England flag large.png|30px|Drapeau de l'Angleterre]] [[Angleterre]] | [[Image:Drapeau-ecossais.png|30px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Ek]] [[Ekósi]] | [[Image:Northern Ireland flag.gif|30px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Irlandi ya Nor]] [[Irlandi ya Nor]] | [[Image:Wales flag large.png|30px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Ekolo Wali]] [[Ekolo Wali]] |} {{country|flagcountry|United Kingdom}} 6528 2005-10-18T10:27:52Z 160.85.2.50 flag Ekosi & Irlandi ya Nor <br clear="all" /> {| class="toccolours" style="margin: 0 2em 0 2em;" align="center" ! align="center" style="background:#ccccff" width="100%" | <div style="float:left;width:50px;">&nbsp;</div> Bikolo okati ya [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] || [[Image:Uk flag large.png|50px|Drapeau du Royaume-Uni]] |- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:England flag large.png|30px|Drapeau de l'Angleterre]] [[Angleterre]] | [[Image:Scotland flag 300.png|30px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Ek]] [[Ekósi]] | [[Image:Northern ireland flag 300.png|30px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Irlandi ya Nor]] [[Irlandi ya Nor]] | [[Image:Wales flag large.png|30px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Ekolo Wali]] [[Ekolo Wali]] |} {{country|flagcountry|United Kingdom}} 6530 2005-10-18T11:24:44Z Moyogo 11 <br clear="all" /> {{BikoloIngɛlɛ́tɛlɛ}} Template:Country 1676 5590 2005-07-24T13:17:09Z 199.8.238.219 {{country_{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{2}}}}} Template talk:Infobox country 1677 5592 2005-07-24T13:19:53Z 199.8.238.219 Common name correspond au nom en lingala. [[User:199.8.238.219|199.8.238.219]] 13:19, 24 yuli 2005 (UTC) Template:Country flag alias United Kingdom 1678 5596 2005-07-24T13:43:48Z Themalau 22 Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.png Template:Country shortname alias United Kingdom 1679 5609 2005-07-24T21:30:02Z 199.8.238.219 Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ Template:Country alias United Kingdom 1680 5610 2005-07-24T21:31:56Z 199.8.238.219 Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ Ekósi 1681 5616 2005-07-24T21:46:35Z 199.8.238.219 {{UK}} 5620 2005-07-24T21:49:01Z 199.8.238.219 {{UK}} [[category:Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] 6575 2005-10-27T09:53:17Z Bombo 12 interwiki {{UK}} [[category:Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] [[als:Schottland]] [[ang:Scotland]] [[ast:Escocia]] [[bg:Шотландия]] [[ca:Escòcia]] [[cs:Skotsko]] [[cy:Yr Alban]] [[da:Skotland]] [[de:Schottland]] [[el:Σκωτία]] [[en:Scotland]] [[eo:Skotlando]] [[es:Escocia]] [[et:Šotimaa]] [[fi:Skotlanti]] [[fo:Skotland]] [[ga:Albain]] [[gd:Alba]] [[gl:Escocia - Alba]] [[he:סקוטלנד]] [[ia:Scotia]] [[id:Skotlandia]] [[is:Skotland]] [[it:Scozia]] [[ja:スコットランド]] [[ka:შოტლანდია]] [[ko:스코틀랜드]] [[kw:Alban]] [[la:Scotia]] [[li:Sjotland]] [[lt:Škotija]] [[ms:Scotland]] [[nl:Schotland]] [[nn:Skottland]] [[no:Skottland]] [[pl:Szkocja]] [[pt:Escócia]] [[rm:Scozia]] [[ro:Scoţia]] [[ru:Шотландия]] [[sco:Scotland]] [[simple:Scotland]] [[sk:Škótsko]] [[sl:Škotska]] [[sr:Шкотска]] [[sv:Skottland]] [[zh:蘇格蘭]] 6742 2005-11-05T17:35:36Z Blockinblox 38 {{ndámbo}} {{ndámbo}} {{UK}} [[category:Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] [[als:Schottland]] [[ang:Scotland]] [[ast:Escocia]] [[bg:Шотландия]] [[ca:Escòcia]] [[cs:Skotsko]] [[cy:Yr Alban]] [[da:Skotland]] [[de:Schottland]] [[el:Σκωτία]] [[en:Scotland]] [[eo:Skotlando]] [[es:Escocia]] [[et:Šotimaa]] [[fi:Skotlanti]] [[fo:Skotland]] [[ga:Albain]] [[gd:Alba]] [[gl:Escocia - Alba]] [[he:סקוטלנד]] [[ia:Scotia]] [[id:Skotlandia]] [[is:Skotland]] [[it:Scozia]] [[ja:スコットランド]] [[ka:შოტლანდია]] [[ko:스코틀랜드]] [[kw:Alban]] [[la:Scotia]] [[li:Sjotland]] [[lt:Škotija]] [[ms:Scotland]] [[nl:Schotland]] [[nn:Skottland]] [[no:Skottland]] [[pl:Szkocja]] [[pt:Escócia]] [[rm:Scozia]] [[ro:Scoţia]] [[ru:Шотландия]] [[sco:Scotland]] [[simple:Scotland]] [[sk:Škótsko]] [[sl:Škotska]] [[sr:Шкотска]] [[sv:Skottland]] [[zh:蘇格蘭]] 7949 2006-04-02T20:16:19Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: ar, eu, fa, fr, fy, ku, lb, nrm, th, tr, uk {{ndámbo}} {{UK}} [[category:Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] [[als:Schottland]] [[ang:Scotland]] [[ar:أسكتلندا]] [[ast:Escocia]] [[bg:Шотландия]] [[ca:Escòcia]] [[cs:Skotsko]] [[cy:Yr Alban]] [[da:Skotland]] [[de:Schottland]] [[el:Σκωτία]] [[en:Scotland]] [[eo:Skotlando]] [[es:Escocia]] [[et:Šotimaa]] [[eu:Eskozia]] [[fa:اسکاتلند]] [[fi:Skotlanti]] [[fo:Skotland]] [[fr:Écosse]] [[fy:Skotlân]] [[ga:Albain]] [[gd:Alba]] [[gl:Escocia - Alba]] [[he:סקוטלנד]] [[ia:Scotia]] [[id:Skotlandia]] [[is:Skotland]] [[it:Scozia]] [[ja:スコットランド]] [[ka:შოტლანდია]] [[ko:스코틀랜드]] [[ku:Îskoçya]] [[kw:Alban]] [[la:Scotia]] [[lb:Schottland]] [[li:Sjotland]] [[lt:Škotija]] [[ms:Scotland]] [[nl:Schotland]] [[nn:Skottland]] [[no:Skottland]] [[nrm:Êcosse]] [[pl:Szkocja]] [[pt:Escócia]] [[rm:Scozia]] [[ro:Scoţia]] [[ru:Шотландия]] [[sco:Scotland]] [[simple:Scotland]] [[sk:Škótsko]] [[sl:Škotska]] [[sr:Шкотска]] [[sv:Skottland]] [[th:สก็อตแลนด์]] [[tr:İskoçya]] [[uk:Шотландія]] [[zh:蘇格蘭]] 9027 2006-08-02T05:57:01Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: af, be, br, bs, hr, hu, lv, oc, sh, sw, ug, zh-min-nan Modifie: th {{ndámbo}} {{UK}} [[category:Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] [[af:Skotland]] [[als:Schottland]] [[ang:Scotland]] [[ar:أسكتلندا]] [[ast:Escocia]] [[be:Шкоцыя]] [[bg:Шотландия]] [[br:Skos]] [[bs:Škotska]] [[ca:Escòcia]] [[cs:Skotsko]] [[cy:Yr Alban]] [[da:Skotland]] [[de:Schottland]] [[el:Σκωτία]] [[en:Scotland]] [[eo:Skotlando]] [[es:Escocia]] [[et:Šotimaa]] [[eu:Eskozia]] [[fa:اسکاتلند]] [[fi:Skotlanti]] [[fo:Skotland]] [[fr:Écosse]] [[fy:Skotlân]] [[ga:Albain]] [[gd:Alba]] [[gl:Escocia - Alba]] [[he:סקוטלנד]] [[hr:Škotska]] [[hu:Skócia]] [[ia:Scotia]] [[id:Skotlandia]] [[is:Skotland]] [[it:Scozia]] [[ja:スコットランド]] [[ka:შოტლანდია]] [[ko:스코틀랜드]] [[ku:Îskoçya]] [[kw:Alban]] [[la:Scotia]] [[lb:Schottland]] [[li:Sjotland]] [[lt:Škotija]] [[lv:Skotija]] [[ms:Scotland]] [[nl:Schotland]] [[nn:Skottland]] [[no:Skottland]] [[nrm:Êcosse]] [[oc:Escòcia]] [[pl:Szkocja]] [[pt:Escócia]] [[rm:Scozia]] [[ro:Scoţia]] [[ru:Шотландия]] [[sco:Scotland]] [[sh:Škotska]] [[simple:Scotland]] [[sk:Škótsko]] [[sl:Škotska]] [[sr:Шкотска]] [[sv:Skottland]] [[sw:Uskoti]] [[th:สกอตแลนด์]] [[tr:İskoçya]] [[ug:شوتلاندىيە]] [[uk:Шотландія]] [[zh:蘇格蘭]] [[zh-min-nan:Scot-tē]] 9775 2006-11-15T04:26:43Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: an, gv, ht, io, nds-nl, roa-rup, tg, vi Modifie: be {{ndámbo}} {{UK}} [[category:Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] [[af:Skotland]] [[als:Schottland]] [[an:Escozia]] [[ang:Scotland]] [[ar:أسكتلندا]] [[ast:Escocia]] [[be:Шатляндыя]] [[bg:Шотландия]] [[br:Skos]] [[bs:Škotska]] [[ca:Escòcia]] [[cs:Skotsko]] [[cy:Yr Alban]] [[da:Skotland]] [[de:Schottland]] [[el:Σκωτία]] [[en:Scotland]] [[eo:Skotlando]] [[es:Escocia]] [[et:Šotimaa]] [[eu:Eskozia]] [[fa:اسکاتلند]] [[fi:Skotlanti]] [[fo:Skotland]] [[fr:Écosse]] [[fy:Skotlân]] [[ga:Albain]] [[gd:Alba]] [[gl:Escocia - Alba]] [[gv:Nalbin]] [[he:סקוטלנד]] [[hr:Škotska]] [[ht:Ekòs]] [[hu:Skócia]] [[ia:Scotia]] [[id:Skotlandia]] [[io:Skotia]] [[is:Skotland]] [[it:Scozia]] [[ja:スコットランド]] [[ka:შოტლანდია]] [[ko:스코틀랜드]] [[ku:Îskoçya]] [[kw:Alban]] [[la:Scotia]] [[lb:Schottland]] [[li:Sjotland]] [[lt:Škotija]] [[lv:Skotija]] [[ms:Scotland]] [[nds-nl:Schotlaand]] [[nl:Schotland]] [[nn:Skottland]] [[no:Skottland]] [[nrm:Êcosse]] [[oc:Escòcia]] [[pl:Szkocja]] [[pt:Escócia]] [[rm:Scozia]] [[ro:Scoţia]] [[roa-rup:Scotlandia]] [[ru:Шотландия]] [[sco:Scotland]] [[sh:Škotska]] [[simple:Scotland]] [[sk:Škótsko]] [[sl:Škotska]] [[sr:Шкотска]] [[sv:Skottland]] [[sw:Uskoti]] [[tg:Шотландия]] [[th:สกอตแลนด์]] [[tr:İskoçya]] [[ug:شوتلاندىيە]] [[uk:Шотландія]] [[vi:Scotland]] [[zh:蘇格蘭]] [[zh-min-nan:Scot-tē]] Irlandi ya Nor 1682 5617 2005-07-24T21:47:00Z 199.8.238.219 {{UK}} 5619 2005-07-24T21:48:40Z 199.8.238.219 {{UK}} [[category:Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] 6576 2005-10-27T09:54:13Z Bombo 12 interwiki {{UK}} [[category:Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] [[cs:Severní Irsko]] [[cy:Gogledd Iwerddon]] [[da:Nordirland]] [[de:Nordirland]] [[en:Northern Ireland]] [[eo:Nord-Irlando]] [[es:Irlanda del Norte]] [[et:Põhja-Iirimaa]] [[fi:Pohjois-Irlanti]] [[ga:Tuaisceart Éireann]] [[gl:Irlanda do Norte - Northern Ireland]] [[he:צפון אירלנד]] [[id:Irlandia Utara]] [[it:Irlanda del Nord]] [[ja:北アイルランド]] [[ka:ჩრდილოეთი ირლანდია]] [[ko:북아일랜드]] [[kw:Kledhbarth Iwerdhon]] [[nl:Noord-Ierland]] [[nn:Nord-Irland]] [[no:Nord-Irland]] [[pl:Irlandia Północna]] [[pt:Irlanda do Norte]] [[rm:Irlanda dal Nord]] [[ro:Irlanda de Nord]] [[ru:Северная Ирландия]] [[sco:Northren Ireland]] [[simple:Northern Ireland]] [[sk:Severné Írsko]] [[sl:Severna Irska]] [[sr:Северна Ирска]] [[sv:Nordirland]] [[zh:北爱尔兰]] 6741 2005-11-05T17:35:31Z Blockinblox 38 {{ndámbo}} {{ndámbo}} {{UK}} [[category:Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] [[cs:Severní Irsko]] [[cy:Gogledd Iwerddon]] [[da:Nordirland]] [[de:Nordirland]] [[en:Northern Ireland]] [[eo:Nord-Irlando]] [[es:Irlanda del Norte]] [[et:Põhja-Iirimaa]] [[fi:Pohjois-Irlanti]] [[ga:Tuaisceart Éireann]] [[gl:Irlanda do Norte - Northern Ireland]] [[he:צפון אירלנד]] [[id:Irlandia Utara]] [[it:Irlanda del Nord]] [[ja:北アイルランド]] [[ka:ჩრდილოეთი ირლანდია]] [[ko:북아일랜드]] [[kw:Kledhbarth Iwerdhon]] [[nl:Noord-Ierland]] [[nn:Nord-Irland]] [[no:Nord-Irland]] [[pl:Irlandia Północna]] [[pt:Irlanda do Norte]] [[rm:Irlanda dal Nord]] [[ro:Irlanda de Nord]] [[ru:Северная Ирландия]] [[sco:Northren Ireland]] [[simple:Northern Ireland]] [[sk:Severné Írsko]] [[sl:Severna Irska]] [[sr:Северна Ирска]] [[sv:Nordirland]] [[zh:北爱尔兰]] 7876 2006-03-27T04:09:05Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: af, ar, ast, ca, el, eu, fr, hu, la, lt, tpi, tr, uk {{ndámbo}} {{UK}} [[category:Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] [[af:Noord-Ierland]] [[ar:أيرلندا الشمالية]] [[ast:Irlanda del Norte]] [[ca:Irlanda del Nord]] [[cs:Severní Irsko]] [[cy:Gogledd Iwerddon]] [[da:Nordirland]] [[de:Nordirland]] [[el:Βόρεια Ιρλανδία]] [[en:Northern Ireland]] [[eo:Nord-Irlando]] [[es:Irlanda del Norte]] [[et:Põhja-Iirimaa]] [[eu:Ipar Irlanda]] [[fi:Pohjois-Irlanti]] [[fr:Irlande du Nord]] [[ga:Tuaisceart Éireann]] [[gl:Irlanda do Norte - Northern Ireland]] [[he:צפון אירלנד]] [[hu:Észak-Írország]] [[id:Irlandia Utara]] [[it:Irlanda del Nord]] [[ja:北アイルランド]] [[ka:ჩრდილოეთი ირლანდია]] [[ko:북아일랜드]] [[kw:Kledhbarth Iwerdhon]] [[la:Hibernia Septentrionalis]] [[lt:Šiaurės Airija]] [[nl:Noord-Ierland]] [[nn:Nord-Irland]] [[no:Nord-Irland]] [[pl:Irlandia Północna]] [[pt:Irlanda do Norte]] [[rm:Irlanda dal Nord]] [[ro:Irlanda de Nord]] [[ru:Северная Ирландия]] [[sco:Northren Ireland]] [[simple:Northern Ireland]] [[sk:Severné Írsko]] [[sl:Severna Irska]] [[sr:Северна Ирска]] [[sv:Nordirland]] [[tpi:Not Aialan]] [[tr:Kuzey İrlanda]] [[uk:Північна Ірландія]] [[zh:北爱尔兰]] 8012 2006-04-15T23:31:51Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: nrm, rmy {{ndámbo}} {{UK}} [[category:Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] [[af:Noord-Ierland]] [[ar:أيرلندا الشمالية]] [[ast:Irlanda del Norte]] [[ca:Irlanda del Nord]] [[cs:Severní Irsko]] [[cy:Gogledd Iwerddon]] [[da:Nordirland]] [[de:Nordirland]] [[el:Βόρεια Ιρλανδία]] [[en:Northern Ireland]] [[eo:Nord-Irlando]] [[es:Irlanda del Norte]] [[et:Põhja-Iirimaa]] [[eu:Ipar Irlanda]] [[fi:Pohjois-Irlanti]] [[fr:Irlande du Nord]] [[ga:Tuaisceart Éireann]] [[gl:Irlanda do Norte - Northern Ireland]] [[he:צפון אירלנד]] [[hu:Észak-Írország]] [[id:Irlandia Utara]] [[it:Irlanda del Nord]] [[ja:北アイルランド]] [[ka:ჩრდილოეთი ირლანდია]] [[ko:북아일랜드]] [[kw:Kledhbarth Iwerdhon]] [[la:Hibernia Septentrionalis]] [[lt:Šiaurės Airija]] [[nl:Noord-Ierland]] [[nn:Nord-Irland]] [[no:Nord-Irland]] [[nrm:Irlande du Nord]] [[pl:Irlandia Północna]] [[pt:Irlanda do Norte]] [[rm:Irlanda dal Nord]] [[rmy:Nordutno Irland]] [[ro:Irlanda de Nord]] [[ru:Северная Ирландия]] [[sco:Northren Ireland]] [[simple:Northern Ireland]] [[sk:Severné Írsko]] [[sl:Severna Irska]] [[sr:Северна Ирска]] [[sv:Nordirland]] [[tpi:Not Aialan]] [[tr:Kuzey İrlanda]] [[uk:Північна Ірландія]] [[zh:北爱尔兰]] 8946 2006-07-23T06:14:12Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: ang, be, bg, ku, lv, zh-min-nan {{ndámbo}} {{UK}} [[category:Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] [[af:Noord-Ierland]] [[ang:Norðerne Īrland]] [[ar:أيرلندا الشمالية]] [[ast:Irlanda del Norte]] [[be:Паўночная Ірляндыя]] [[bg:Северна Ирландия]] [[ca:Irlanda del Nord]] [[cs:Severní Irsko]] [[cy:Gogledd Iwerddon]] [[da:Nordirland]] [[de:Nordirland]] [[el:Βόρεια Ιρλανδία]] [[en:Northern Ireland]] [[eo:Nord-Irlando]] [[es:Irlanda del Norte]] [[et:Põhja-Iirimaa]] [[eu:Ipar Irlanda]] [[fi:Pohjois-Irlanti]] [[fr:Irlande du Nord]] [[ga:Tuaisceart Éireann]] [[gl:Irlanda do Norte - Northern Ireland]] [[he:צפון אירלנד]] [[hu:Észak-Írország]] [[id:Irlandia Utara]] [[it:Irlanda del Nord]] [[ja:北アイルランド]] [[ka:ჩრდილოეთი ირლანდია]] [[ko:북아일랜드]] [[ku:Îrlandaya bakur]] [[kw:Kledhbarth Iwerdhon]] [[la:Hibernia Septentrionalis]] [[lt:Šiaurės Airija]] [[lv:Ziemeļīrija]] [[nl:Noord-Ierland]] [[nn:Nord-Irland]] [[no:Nord-Irland]] [[nrm:Irlande du Nord]] [[pl:Irlandia Północna]] [[pt:Irlanda do Norte]] [[rm:Irlanda dal Nord]] [[rmy:Nordutno Irland]] [[ro:Irlanda de Nord]] [[ru:Северная Ирландия]] [[sco:Northren Ireland]] [[simple:Northern Ireland]] [[sk:Severné Írsko]] [[sl:Severna Irska]] [[sr:Северна Ирска]] [[sv:Nordirland]] [[tpi:Not Aialan]] [[tr:Kuzey İrlanda]] [[uk:Північна Ірландія]] [[zh:北爱尔兰]] [[zh-min-nan:Pak Éire]] 9411 2006-10-03T17:20:55Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: az, gd, io, oc, tg {{ndámbo}} {{UK}} [[category:Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] [[af:Noord-Ierland]] [[ang:Norðerne Īrland]] [[ar:أيرلندا الشمالية]] [[ast:Irlanda del Norte]] [[az:Şimali İrlandiya]] [[be:Паўночная Ірляндыя]] [[bg:Северна Ирландия]] [[ca:Irlanda del Nord]] [[cs:Severní Irsko]] [[cy:Gogledd Iwerddon]] [[da:Nordirland]] [[de:Nordirland]] [[el:Βόρεια Ιρλανδία]] [[en:Northern Ireland]] [[eo:Nord-Irlando]] [[es:Irlanda del Norte]] [[et:Põhja-Iirimaa]] [[eu:Ipar Irlanda]] [[fi:Pohjois-Irlanti]] [[fr:Irlande du Nord]] [[ga:Tuaisceart Éireann]] [[gd:Èirinn-a-Tuath]] [[gl:Irlanda do Norte - Northern Ireland]] [[he:צפון אירלנד]] [[hu:Észak-Írország]] [[id:Irlandia Utara]] [[io:Nord-Irlando]] [[it:Irlanda del Nord]] [[ja:北アイルランド]] [[ka:ჩრდილოეთი ირლანდია]] [[ko:북아일랜드]] [[ku:Îrlandaya bakur]] [[kw:Kledhbarth Iwerdhon]] [[la:Hibernia Septentrionalis]] [[lt:Šiaurės Airija]] [[lv:Ziemeļīrija]] [[nl:Noord-Ierland]] [[nn:Nord-Irland]] [[no:Nord-Irland]] [[nrm:Irlande du Nord]] [[oc:Irlanda del Nòrd]] [[pl:Irlandia Północna]] [[pt:Irlanda do Norte]] [[rm:Irlanda dal Nord]] [[rmy:Nordutno Irland]] [[ro:Irlanda de Nord]] [[ru:Северная Ирландия]] [[sco:Northren Ireland]] [[simple:Northern Ireland]] [[sk:Severné Írsko]] [[sl:Severna Irska]] [[sr:Северна Ирска]] [[sv:Nordirland]] [[tg:Ирландияи Шимолӣ]] [[tpi:Not Aialan]] [[tr:Kuzey İrlanda]] [[uk:Північна Ірландія]] [[zh:北爱尔兰]] [[zh-min-nan:Pak Éire]] 9565 2006-10-23T00:06:34Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: [[br:Norzhiwerzhon]] {{ndámbo}} {{UK}} [[category:Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] [[af:Noord-Ierland]] [[ang:Norðerne Īrland]] [[ar:أيرلندا الشمالية]] [[ast:Irlanda del Norte]] [[az:Şimali İrlandiya]] [[be:Паўночная Ірляндыя]] [[bg:Северна Ирландия]] [[br:Norzhiwerzhon]] [[ca:Irlanda del Nord]] [[cs:Severní Irsko]] [[cy:Gogledd Iwerddon]] [[da:Nordirland]] [[de:Nordirland]] [[el:Βόρεια Ιρλανδία]] [[en:Northern Ireland]] [[eo:Nord-Irlando]] [[es:Irlanda del Norte]] [[et:Põhja-Iirimaa]] [[eu:Ipar Irlanda]] [[fi:Pohjois-Irlanti]] [[fr:Irlande du Nord]] [[ga:Tuaisceart Éireann]] [[gd:Èirinn-a-Tuath]] [[gl:Irlanda do Norte - Northern Ireland]] [[he:צפון אירלנד]] [[hu:Észak-Írország]] [[id:Irlandia Utara]] [[io:Nord-Irlando]] [[it:Irlanda del Nord]] [[ja:北アイルランド]] [[ka:ჩრდილოეთი ირლანდია]] [[ko:북아일랜드]] [[ku:Îrlandaya bakur]] [[kw:Kledhbarth Iwerdhon]] [[la:Hibernia Septentrionalis]] [[lt:Šiaurės Airija]] [[lv:Ziemeļīrija]] [[nl:Noord-Ierland]] [[nn:Nord-Irland]] [[no:Nord-Irland]] [[nrm:Irlande du Nord]] [[oc:Irlanda del Nòrd]] [[pl:Irlandia Północna]] [[pt:Irlanda do Norte]] [[rm:Irlanda dal Nord]] [[rmy:Nordutno Irland]] [[ro:Irlanda de Nord]] [[ru:Северная Ирландия]] [[sco:Northren Ireland]] [[simple:Northern Ireland]] [[sk:Severné Írsko]] [[sl:Severna Irska]] [[sr:Северна Ирска]] [[sv:Nordirland]] [[tg:Ирландияи Шимолӣ]] [[tpi:Not Aialan]] [[tr:Kuzey İrlanda]] [[uk:Північна Ірландія]] [[zh:北爱尔兰]] [[zh-min-nan:Pak Éire]] 10005 2006-12-19T16:10:45Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[hr:Sjeverna Irska]], [[ia:Irlanda del Nord]] {{ndámbo}} {{UK}} [[category:Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] [[af:Noord-Ierland]] [[ang:Norðerne Īrland]] [[ar:أيرلندا الشمالية]] [[ast:Irlanda del Norte]] [[az:Şimali İrlandiya]] [[be:Паўночная Ірляндыя]] [[bg:Северна Ирландия]] [[br:Norzhiwerzhon]] [[ca:Irlanda del Nord]] [[cs:Severní Irsko]] [[cy:Gogledd Iwerddon]] [[da:Nordirland]] [[de:Nordirland]] [[el:Βόρεια Ιρλανδία]] [[en:Northern Ireland]] [[eo:Nord-Irlando]] [[es:Irlanda del Norte]] [[et:Põhja-Iirimaa]] [[eu:Ipar Irlanda]] [[fi:Pohjois-Irlanti]] [[fr:Irlande du Nord]] [[ga:Tuaisceart Éireann]] [[gd:Èirinn-a-Tuath]] [[gl:Irlanda do Norte - Northern Ireland]] [[he:צפון אירלנד]] [[hr:Sjeverna Irska]] [[hu:Észak-Írország]] [[ia:Irlanda del Nord]] [[id:Irlandia Utara]] [[io:Nord-Irlando]] [[it:Irlanda del Nord]] [[ja:北アイルランド]] [[ka:ჩრდილოეთი ირლანდია]] [[ko:북아일랜드]] [[ku:Îrlandaya bakur]] [[kw:Kledhbarth Iwerdhon]] [[la:Hibernia Septentrionalis]] [[lt:Šiaurės Airija]] [[lv:Ziemeļīrija]] [[nl:Noord-Ierland]] [[nn:Nord-Irland]] [[no:Nord-Irland]] [[nrm:Irlande du Nord]] [[oc:Irlanda del Nòrd]] [[pl:Irlandia Północna]] [[pt:Irlanda do Norte]] [[rm:Irlanda dal Nord]] [[rmy:Nordutno Irland]] [[ro:Irlanda de Nord]] [[ru:Северная Ирландия]] [[sco:Northren Ireland]] [[simple:Northern Ireland]] [[sk:Severné Írsko]] [[sl:Severna Irska]] [[sr:Северна Ирска]] [[sv:Nordirland]] [[tg:Ирландияи Шимолӣ]] [[tpi:Not Aialan]] [[tr:Kuzey İrlanda]] [[uk:Північна Ірландія]] [[zh:北爱尔兰]] [[zh-min-nan:Pak Éire]] Ekólo Wali 1683 5618 2005-07-24T21:48:06Z 199.8.238.219 {{UK}} [[category:Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] 6573 2005-10-27T09:51:25Z Bombo 12 interwiki {{UK}} [[category:Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] [[als:Wales]] [[ca:Gal·les]] [[cs:Wales]] [[cy:Cymru]] [[da:Wales]] [[de:Wales]] [[en:Wales]] [[eo:Kimrio]] [[es:Gales]] [[et:Wales]] [[fi:Wales]] [[ga:An Bhreatain Bheag]] [[gd:A'Chuimrigh]] [[gl:Gales - Cymru]] [[he:ויילס]] [[id:Wales]] [[it:Galles]] [[ja:ウェールズ]] [[ka:უელსი]] [[ko:웨일스]] [[kw:Kembra]] [[la:Cambria]] [[lt:Velsas]] [[lv:Velsa]] [[nds:Wales]] [[nl:Wales]] [[nn:Wales]] [[no:Wales]] [[pl:Walia]] [[pt:País de Gales]] [[rm:Valisa]] [[ro:Ţara Galilor]] [[ru:Уэльс]] [[sco:Wales]] [[simple:Wales]] [[sk:Wales]] [[sl:Wales]] [[sr:Велс]] [[sv:Wales]] [[th:เวลส์]] [[zh:威爾士]] [[zh-min-nan:Cymru]] 6687 2005-11-05T10:21:36Z Moyogo 11 Ekolo Wali moved to Ekólo Wali {{UK}} [[category:Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] [[als:Wales]] [[ca:Gal·les]] [[cs:Wales]] [[cy:Cymru]] [[da:Wales]] [[de:Wales]] [[en:Wales]] [[eo:Kimrio]] [[es:Gales]] [[et:Wales]] [[fi:Wales]] [[ga:An Bhreatain Bheag]] [[gd:A'Chuimrigh]] [[gl:Gales - Cymru]] [[he:ויילס]] [[id:Wales]] [[it:Galles]] [[ja:ウェールズ]] [[ka:უელსი]] [[ko:웨일스]] [[kw:Kembra]] [[la:Cambria]] [[lt:Velsas]] [[lv:Velsa]] [[nds:Wales]] [[nl:Wales]] [[nn:Wales]] [[no:Wales]] [[pl:Walia]] [[pt:País de Gales]] [[rm:Valisa]] [[ro:Ţara Galilor]] [[ru:Уэльс]] [[sco:Wales]] [[simple:Wales]] [[sk:Wales]] [[sl:Wales]] [[sr:Велс]] [[sv:Wales]] [[th:เวลส์]] [[zh:威爾士]] [[zh-min-nan:Cymru]] 6739 2005-11-05T17:31:01Z Blockinblox 38 {{ndámbo}} {{ndámbo}} {{UK}} [[category:Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] [[als:Wales]] [[ca:Gal·les]] [[cs:Wales]] [[cy:Cymru]] [[da:Wales]] [[de:Wales]] [[en:Wales]] [[eo:Kimrio]] [[es:Gales]] [[et:Wales]] [[fi:Wales]] [[ga:An Bhreatain Bheag]] [[gd:A'Chuimrigh]] [[gl:Gales - Cymru]] [[he:ויילס]] [[id:Wales]] [[it:Galles]] [[ja:ウェールズ]] [[ka:უელსი]] [[ko:웨일스]] [[kw:Kembra]] [[la:Cambria]] [[lt:Velsas]] [[lv:Velsa]] [[nds:Wales]] [[nl:Wales]] [[nn:Wales]] [[no:Wales]] [[pl:Walia]] [[pt:País de Gales]] [[rm:Valisa]] [[ro:Ţara Galilor]] [[ru:Уэльс]] [[sco:Wales]] [[simple:Wales]] [[sk:Wales]] [[sl:Wales]] [[sr:Велс]] [[sv:Wales]] [[th:เวลส์]] [[zh:威爾士]] [[zh-min-nan:Cymru]] 7875 2006-03-27T04:05:09Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: bg, eu, fr, ht, hu, ku, tr {{ndámbo}} {{UK}} [[category:Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] [[als:Wales]] [[bg:Уелс]] [[ca:Gal·les]] [[cs:Wales]] [[cy:Cymru]] [[da:Wales]] [[de:Wales]] [[en:Wales]] [[eo:Kimrio]] [[es:Gales]] [[et:Wales]] [[eu:Gales]] [[fi:Wales]] [[fr:Pays de Galles]] [[ga:An Bhreatain Bheag]] [[gd:A'Chuimrigh]] [[gl:Gales - Cymru]] [[he:ויילס]] [[ht:Gal]] [[hu:Wales]] [[id:Wales]] [[it:Galles]] [[ja:ウェールズ]] [[ka:უელსი]] [[ko:웨일스]] [[ku:Wales]] [[kw:Kembra]] [[la:Cambria]] [[lt:Velsas]] [[lv:Velsa]] [[nds:Wales]] [[nl:Wales]] [[nn:Wales]] [[no:Wales]] [[pl:Walia]] [[pt:País de Gales]] [[rm:Valisa]] [[ro:Ţara Galilor]] [[ru:Уэльс]] [[sco:Wales]] [[simple:Wales]] [[sk:Wales]] [[sl:Wales]] [[sr:Велс]] [[sv:Wales]] [[th:เวลส์]] [[tr:Galler]] [[zh:威爾士]] [[zh-min-nan:Cymru]] 8007 2006-04-15T20:28:51Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: nrm {{ndámbo}} {{UK}} [[category:Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] [[als:Wales]] [[bg:Уелс]] [[ca:Gal·les]] [[cs:Wales]] [[cy:Cymru]] [[da:Wales]] [[de:Wales]] [[en:Wales]] [[eo:Kimrio]] [[es:Gales]] [[et:Wales]] [[eu:Gales]] [[fi:Wales]] [[fr:Pays de Galles]] [[ga:An Bhreatain Bheag]] [[gd:A'Chuimrigh]] [[gl:Gales - Cymru]] [[he:ויילס]] [[ht:Gal]] [[hu:Wales]] [[id:Wales]] [[it:Galles]] [[ja:ウェールズ]] [[ka:უელსი]] [[ko:웨일스]] [[ku:Wales]] [[kw:Kembra]] [[la:Cambria]] [[lt:Velsas]] [[lv:Velsa]] [[nds:Wales]] [[nl:Wales]] [[nn:Wales]] [[no:Wales]] [[nrm:Galles]] [[pl:Walia]] [[pt:País de Gales]] [[rm:Valisa]] [[ro:Ţara Galilor]] [[ru:Уэльс]] [[sco:Wales]] [[simple:Wales]] [[sk:Wales]] [[sl:Wales]] [[sr:Велс]] [[sv:Wales]] [[th:เวลส์]] [[tr:Galler]] [[zh:威爾士]] [[zh-min-nan:Cymru]] 8261 2006-05-29T04:59:38Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: ar, oc {{ndámbo}} {{UK}} [[category:Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] [[als:Wales]] [[ar:ويلز]] [[bg:Уелс]] [[ca:Gal·les]] [[cs:Wales]] [[cy:Cymru]] [[da:Wales]] [[de:Wales]] [[en:Wales]] [[eo:Kimrio]] [[es:Gales]] [[et:Wales]] [[eu:Gales]] [[fi:Wales]] [[fr:Pays de Galles]] [[ga:An Bhreatain Bheag]] [[gd:A'Chuimrigh]] [[gl:Gales - Cymru]] [[he:ויילס]] [[ht:Gal]] [[hu:Wales]] [[id:Wales]] [[it:Galles]] [[ja:ウェールズ]] [[ka:უელსი]] [[ko:웨일스]] [[ku:Wales]] [[kw:Kembra]] [[la:Cambria]] [[lt:Velsas]] [[lv:Velsa]] [[nds:Wales]] [[nl:Wales]] [[nn:Wales]] [[no:Wales]] [[nrm:Galles]] [[oc:País de Gallas]] [[pl:Walia]] [[pt:País de Gales]] [[rm:Valisa]] [[ro:Ţara Galilor]] [[ru:Уэльс]] [[sco:Wales]] [[simple:Wales]] [[sk:Wales]] [[sl:Wales]] [[sr:Велс]] [[sv:Wales]] [[th:เวลส์]] [[tr:Galler]] [[zh:威爾士]] [[zh-min-nan:Cymru]] 8920 2006-07-18T05:09:31Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: af, br, hr, uk Modifie: gd {{ndámbo}} {{UK}} [[category:Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] [[af:Wallis]] [[als:Wales]] [[ar:ويلز]] [[bg:Уелс]] [[br:Kembre]] [[ca:Gal·les]] [[cs:Wales]] [[cy:Cymru]] [[da:Wales]] [[de:Wales]] [[en:Wales]] [[eo:Kimrio]] [[es:Gales]] [[et:Wales]] [[eu:Gales]] [[fi:Wales]] [[fr:Pays de Galles]] [[ga:An Bhreatain Bheag]] [[gd:A' Chuimrigh]] [[gl:Gales - Cymru]] [[he:ויילס]] [[hr:Wales]] [[ht:Gal]] [[hu:Wales]] [[id:Wales]] [[it:Galles]] [[ja:ウェールズ]] [[ka:უელსი]] [[ko:웨일스]] [[ku:Wales]] [[kw:Kembra]] [[la:Cambria]] [[lt:Velsas]] [[lv:Velsa]] [[nds:Wales]] [[nl:Wales]] [[nn:Wales]] [[no:Wales]] [[nrm:Galles]] [[oc:País de Gallas]] [[pl:Walia]] [[pt:País de Gales]] [[rm:Valisa]] [[ro:Ţara Galilor]] [[ru:Уэльс]] [[sco:Wales]] [[simple:Wales]] [[sk:Wales]] [[sl:Wales]] [[sr:Велс]] [[sv:Wales]] [[th:เวลส์]] [[tr:Galler]] [[uk:Вельс]] [[zh:威爾士]] [[zh-min-nan:Cymru]] 9025 2006-08-02T05:55:08Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: [[io:Wals]] {{ndámbo}} {{UK}} [[category:Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] [[af:Wallis]] [[als:Wales]] [[ar:ويلز]] [[bg:Уелс]] [[br:Kembre]] [[ca:Gal·les]] [[cs:Wales]] [[cy:Cymru]] [[da:Wales]] [[de:Wales]] [[en:Wales]] [[eo:Kimrio]] [[es:Gales]] [[et:Wales]] [[eu:Gales]] [[fi:Wales]] [[fr:Pays de Galles]] [[ga:An Bhreatain Bheag]] [[gd:A' Chuimrigh]] [[gl:Gales - Cymru]] [[he:ויילס]] [[hr:Wales]] [[ht:Gal]] [[hu:Wales]] [[id:Wales]] [[io:Wals]] [[it:Galles]] [[ja:ウェールズ]] [[ka:უელსი]] [[ko:웨일스]] [[ku:Wales]] [[kw:Kembra]] [[la:Cambria]] [[lt:Velsas]] [[lv:Velsa]] [[nds:Wales]] [[nl:Wales]] [[nn:Wales]] [[no:Wales]] [[nrm:Galles]] [[oc:País de Gallas]] [[pl:Walia]] [[pt:País de Gales]] [[rm:Valisa]] [[ro:Ţara Galilor]] [[ru:Уэльс]] [[sco:Wales]] [[simple:Wales]] [[sk:Wales]] [[sl:Wales]] [[sr:Велс]] [[sv:Wales]] [[th:เวลส์]] [[tr:Galler]] [[uk:Вельс]] [[zh:威爾士]] [[zh-min-nan:Cymru]] 9347 2006-09-14T16:56:35Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: az, gv {{ndámbo}} {{UK}} [[category:Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] [[af:Wallis]] [[als:Wales]] [[ar:ويلز]] [[az:Uels]] [[bg:Уелс]] [[br:Kembre]] [[ca:Gal·les]] [[cs:Wales]] [[cy:Cymru]] [[da:Wales]] [[de:Wales]] [[en:Wales]] [[eo:Kimrio]] [[es:Gales]] [[et:Wales]] [[eu:Gales]] [[fi:Wales]] [[fr:Pays de Galles]] [[ga:An Bhreatain Bheag]] [[gd:A' Chuimrigh]] [[gl:Gales - Cymru]] [[gv:Bretin]] [[he:ויילס]] [[hr:Wales]] [[ht:Gal]] [[hu:Wales]] [[id:Wales]] [[io:Wals]] [[it:Galles]] [[ja:ウェールズ]] [[ka:უელსი]] [[ko:웨일스]] [[ku:Wales]] [[kw:Kembra]] [[la:Cambria]] [[lt:Velsas]] [[lv:Velsa]] [[nds:Wales]] [[nl:Wales]] [[nn:Wales]] [[no:Wales]] [[nrm:Galles]] [[oc:País de Gallas]] [[pl:Walia]] [[pt:País de Gales]] [[rm:Valisa]] [[ro:Ţara Galilor]] [[ru:Уэльс]] [[sco:Wales]] [[simple:Wales]] [[sk:Wales]] [[sl:Wales]] [[sr:Велс]] [[sv:Wales]] [[th:เวลส์]] [[tr:Galler]] [[uk:Вельс]] [[zh:威爾士]] [[zh-min-nan:Cymru]] 9745 2006-11-13T05:16:03Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: bs, roa-rup, tg Modifie: uk {{ndámbo}} {{UK}} [[category:Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] [[af:Wallis]] [[als:Wales]] [[ar:ويلز]] [[az:Uels]] [[bg:Уелс]] [[br:Kembre]] [[bs:Vels]] [[ca:Gal·les]] [[cs:Wales]] [[cy:Cymru]] [[da:Wales]] [[de:Wales]] [[en:Wales]] [[eo:Kimrio]] [[es:Gales]] [[et:Wales]] [[eu:Gales]] [[fi:Wales]] [[fr:Pays de Galles]] [[ga:An Bhreatain Bheag]] [[gd:A' Chuimrigh]] [[gl:Gales - Cymru]] [[gv:Bretin]] [[he:ויילס]] [[hr:Wales]] [[ht:Gal]] [[hu:Wales]] [[id:Wales]] [[io:Wals]] [[it:Galles]] [[ja:ウェールズ]] [[ka:უელსი]] [[ko:웨일스]] [[ku:Wales]] [[kw:Kembra]] [[la:Cambria]] [[lt:Velsas]] [[lv:Velsa]] [[nds:Wales]] [[nl:Wales]] [[nn:Wales]] [[no:Wales]] [[nrm:Galles]] [[oc:País de Gallas]] [[pl:Walia]] [[pt:País de Gales]] [[rm:Valisa]] [[ro:Ţara Galilor]] [[roa-rup:Wales]] [[ru:Уэльс]] [[sco:Wales]] [[simple:Wales]] [[sk:Wales]] [[sl:Wales]] [[sr:Велс]] [[sv:Wales]] [[tg:Уелс]] [[th:เวลส์]] [[tr:Galler]] [[uk:Уельс]] [[zh:威爾士]] [[zh-min-nan:Cymru]] Ekwatéli 1685 5627 2005-07-24T23:06:43Z 199.8.238.219 Ekwatéli ezali nkombo elakisi biloko mingi: [[Repubiliki ya Ekwatéli]] ezali ekolo to mpe esé ya Amerika latina. [[Ekwatéli (provinsi)|Provinsi ya Ekwatéli]] ezali eteni mokonzi to mpe provinsi ya [[Kɛ́ngɛ-Kinshasa]]. [[Ekwatéli (provinsi-GE)|Provinsi ya Ekwatéli]] ezali eteni mokonzi to mpe provinsi ya [[Giné-Ekwatoliali] [[Ekwatéli (mokili)|Ekwatéli] ezali eloko oyo bato bakelaki pona kokata mokili o bakarta ya jyografi, na biteni mibale, moko o likolo to mpe na Nor, moko na se to mpe na Sud. Ekolo Ekwatéli, mpe baprovinsi ya Ekwateli ya bikolo mingi na mokili, bazali na nkombo wana mpo ba kutanemi esika [[Ekwatéli (mokili)|ekwatéli] elekí na karta ya mokili. {{Bokokani}} 5628 2005-07-24T23:07:30Z 199.8.238.219 Ekwatéli ezali nkombo elakisi biloko mingi: [[Repubiliki ya Ekwatéli]] ezali ekolo to mpe esé ya Amerika latina. [[Ekwatéli (provinsi)|Provinsi ya Ekwatéli]] ezali eteni mokonzi to mpe provinsi ya [[Kɛ́ngɛ-Kinshasa]]. [[Ekwatéli (provinsi-GE)|Provinsi ya Ekwatéli]] ezali eteni mokonzi to mpe provinsi ya [[Giné-Ekwatoliali] [[Ekwatéli (mokili)|Ekwatéli] ezali eloko oyo bato bakelaki pona kokata mokili o bakarta ya jyografi, na biteni mibale, moko o likolo to mpe na Nor, moko na se to mpe na Sud. Ekolo Ekwatéli, mpe baprovinsi ya Ekwateli ya bikolo mingi na mokili, bazali na nkombo wana mpo ba kutanemi esika [[Ekwatéli (mokili)|ekwatéli] elekí na karta ya mokili. {{Bokokani}} 5629 2005-07-24T23:08:08Z 199.8.238.219 Ekwatéli ezali nkombo elakisi biloko mingi: [[Repubiliki ya Ekwatéli]] ezali ekolo to mpe esé ya Amerika latina. [[Ekwatéli (provinsi)|Provinsi ya Ekwatéli]] ezali eteni mokonzi to mpe provinsi ya [[Kɛ́ngɛ-Kinshasa]]. [[Ekwatéli (provinsi-GE)|Provinsi ya Ekwatéli]] ezali eteni mokonzi to mpe provinsi ya [[Giné-Ekwatoliali]] [[Ekwatéli (mokili)|Ekwatéli]] ezali eloko oyo bato bakelaki pona kokata mokili o bakarta ya jyografi, na biteni mibale, moko o likolo to mpe na Nor, moko na se to mpe na Sud. Ekolo Ekwatéli, mpe baprovinsi ya Ekwateli ya bikolo mingi na mokili, bazali na nkombo wana mpo ba kutanemi esika [[Ekwatéli (mokili)|ekwatéli]] elekí na karta ya mokili. {{Bokokani}} 5630 2005-07-24T23:08:55Z 199.8.238.219 Ekwatéli ezali nkombo elakisi biloko mingi: [[Repubiliki ya Ekwatéli]] ezali ekolo to mpe esé ya Amerika latina. [[Ekwatéli (provinsi)|Provinsi ya Ekwatéli]] ezali eteni mokonzi to mpe provinsi ya [[Kɛ́ngɛ-Kinshasa]]. [[Ekwatéli (provinsi-GE)|Provinsi ya Ekwatéli]] ezali eteni mokonzi to mpe provinsi ya [[Giné-Ekwatoliali]]. [[Ekwatéli (mokili)|Ekwatéli]] ezali eloko oyo bato bakelaki pona kokata mokili o bakarta ya jyografi, na biteni mibale, moko o likolo to mpe na Nor, moko na se to mpe na Sud. Ekolo Ekwatéli, mpe baprovinsi ya Ekwateli ya bikolo mingi na mokili, bazali na nkombo wana mpo ba kutanemi esika [[Ekwatéli (mokili)|ekwatéli]] elekí na karta ya mokili. {{Bokokani}} 5631 2005-07-24T23:09:20Z 199.8.238.219 Ekwatéli ezali nkombo elakisi biloko mingi: [[Repubiliki ya Ekwatéli]] ezali ekolo to mpe esé ya Amerika latina.[[Ekwatéli (provinsi)|Provinsi ya Ekwatéli]] ezali eteni mokonzi to mpe provinsi ya [[Kɛ́ngɛ-Kinshasa]]. [[Ekwatéli (provinsi-GE)|Provinsi ya Ekwatéli]] ezali eteni mokonzi to mpe provinsi ya [[Giné-Ekwatoliali]]. [[Ekwatéli (mokili)|Ekwatéli]] ezali eloko oyo bato bakelaki pona kokata mokili o bakarta ya jyografi, na biteni mibale, moko o likolo to mpe na Nor, moko na se to mpe na Sud. Ekolo Ekwatéli, mpe baprovinsi ya Ekwateli ya bikolo mingi na mokili, bazali na nkombo wana mpo ba kutanemi esika [[Ekwatéli (mokili)|ekwatéli]] elekí na karta ya mokili. {{Bokokani}} 5632 2005-07-24T23:10:07Z 199.8.238.219 Ekwatéli ezali nkombo elakisi biloko mingi: -[[Repubiliki ya Ekwatéli]] ezali ekolo to mpe esé ya Amerika latina. -[[Ekwatéli (provinsi)|Provinsi ya Ekwatéli]] ezali eteni mokonzi to mpe provinsi ya [[Kɛ́ngɛ-Kinshasa]]. -[[Ekwatéli (provinsi-GE)|Provinsi ya Ekwatéli]] ezali eteni mokonzi to mpe provinsi ya [[Giné-Ekwatoliali]]. -[[Ekwatéli (mokili)|Ekwatéli]] ezali eloko oyo bato bakelaki pona kokata mokili o bakarta ya jyografi, na biteni mibale, moko o likolo to mpe na Nor, moko na se to mpe na Sud. Ekolo Ekwatéli, mpe baprovinsi ya Ekwateli ya bikolo mingi na mokili, bazali na nkombo wana mpo ba kutanemi esika [[Ekwatéli (mokili)|ekwatéli]] elekí na karta ya mokili. {{Bokokani}} 5633 2005-07-24T23:10:30Z 199.8.238.219 Ekwatéli ezali nkombo elakisi biloko mingi: -[[Repubiliki ya Ekwatéli]] ezali ekolo to mpe esé ya Amerika latina. -[[Ekwatéli (provinsi)|Provinsi ya Ekwatéli]] ezali eteni mokonzi to mpe provinsi ya [[Kɛ́ngɛ-Kinshasa]]. -[[Ekwatéli (provinsi-GE)|Provinsi ya Ekwatéli]] ezali eteni mokonzi to mpe provinsi ya [[Giné-Ekwatoliali]]. -[[Ekwatéli (mokili)|Ekwatéli]] ezali eloko oyo bato bakelaki pona kokata mokili o bakarta ya jyografi, na biteni mibale, moko o likolo to mpe na Nor, moko na se to mpe na Sud. Ekolo Ekwatéli, mpe baprovinsi ya Ekwateli ya bikolo mingi na mokili, bazali na nkombo wana mpo ba kutanemi esika [[Ekwatéli (mokili)|ekwatéli]] elekí na karta ya mokili. {{Bokokani}} 5634 2005-07-24T23:11:09Z 199.8.238.219 Ekwatéli ezali nkombo elakisi biloko mingi: '''-[[Repubiliki ya Ekwatéli]]''' ezali ekolo to mpe esé ya Amerika latina. '''-[[Ekwatéli (provinsi)|Provinsi ya Ekwatéli]]''' ezali eteni mokonzi to mpe provinsi ya [[Kɛ́ngɛ-Kinshasa]]. '''-[[Ekwatéli (provinsi-GE)|Provinsi ya Ekwatéli]]''' ezali eteni mokonzi to mpe provinsi ya [[Giné-Ekwatoliali]]. '''-[[Ekwatéli (mokili)|Ekwatéli]]''' ezali eloko oyo bato bakelaki pona kokata mokili o bakarta ya jyografi, na biteni mibale, moko o likolo to mpe na Nor, moko na se to mpe na Sud. Ekolo Ekwatéli, mpe baprovinsi ya Ekwateli ya bikolo mingi na mokili, bazali na nkombo wana mpo ba kutanemi esika [[Ekwatéli (mokili)|ekwatéli]] elekí na karta ya mokili. {{Bokokani}} 5679 2005-07-25T02:01:41Z Themalau 22 Ekwatéli ezali nkombo elakisi biloko mingi: '''-[[Repubiliki ya Ekwatéli]]''' ezali ekolo to mpe esé ya Amerika latina. '''-[[Ekwatéli (provinsi)|Provinsi ya Ekwatéli]]''' ezali eteni mokonzi to mpe provinsi ya [[Kɛ́ngɛ-Kinshasa]]. '''-[[Ekwatéli (provinsi-GE)|Provinsi ya Ekwatéli]]''' ezali eteni mokonzi to mpe provinsi ya [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]]. '''-[[Ekwatéli (mokili)|Ekwatéli]]''' ezali eloko oyo bato bakelaki pona kokata mokili o bakarta ya jyografi, na biteni mibale, moko o likolo to mpe na Nor, moko na se to mpe na Sud. Ekolo Ekwatéli, mpe baprovinsi ya Ekwateli ya bikolo mingi na mokili, bazali na nkombo wana mpo ba kutanemi esika [[Ekwatéli (mokili)|ekwatéli]] elekí na karta ya mokili. {{Bokokani}} 5680 2005-07-25T02:02:24Z Themalau 22 Ekwatéli ezali nkombo elakisi biloko mingi: '''-[[Repubiliki ya Ekwatéli]]''' ezali ekolo to mpe esé ya Amerika latina. '''-[[Ekwatéli (provinsi)|Provinsi ya Ekwatéli]]''' ezali eteni mokonzi to mpe provinsi ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. '''-[[Ekwatéli (provinsi-GE)|Provinsi ya Ekwatéli]]''' ezali eteni mokonzi to mpe provinsi ya [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]]. '''-[[Ekwatéli (mokili)|Ekwatéli]]''' ezali eloko oyo bato bakelaki pona kokata mokili o bakarta ya jyografi, na biteni mibale, moko o likolo to mpe na Nor, moko na se to mpe na Sud. Ekolo Ekwatéli, mpe baprovinsi ya Ekwateli ya bikolo mingi na mokili, bazali na nkombo wana mpo ba kutanemi esika [[Ekwatéli (mokili)|ekwatéli]] elekí na karta ya mokili. {{Bokokani}} 5681 2005-07-25T02:04:17Z Themalau 22 Ekwatéli ezali nkombo elakisi biloko mingi: '''-[[Repubiliki ya Ekwatéli]]''' ezali ekolo to mpe esé ya '''[[Amerika latina]]'''. '''-[[Ekwatéli (provinsi)|Provinsi ya Ekwatéli]]''' ezali eteni mokonzi to mpe provinsi ya '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''. '''-[[Ekwatéli (provinsi-GE)|Provinsi ya Ekwatéli]]''' ezali eteni mokonzi to mpe provinsi ya '''[[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]]'''. '''-[[Ekwatéli (mokili)|Ekwatéli]]''' ezali eloko oyo bato bakelaki pona kokata mokili o bakarta ya jyografi, na biteni mibale, moko o likolo to mpe na Nor, moko na se to mpe na Sud. '''Ekolo Ekwatéli''', mpe baprovinsi ya Ekwateli ya bikolo mingi na mokili, bazali na nkombo wana mpo ba kutanemi esika '''[[Ekwatéli (mokili)|ekwatéli]]''' elekí na karta ya mokili. {{Bokokani}} 5700 2005-07-26T07:05:31Z 199.8.238.219 Ekwatéli ezali nkombo elakisi biloko mingi: '''-[[Repubiliki ya Ekwatéli]]''' ezali ekolo to mpe esé ya '''[[Amerika latina]]'''. '''-[[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Etuka ya Ekwatéli]]''' ezali [[etuka]] to mpe [[etuka|provinsi]] ya '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''. '''-[[Ekwatéli (etuka-GE)|Etuka ya Ekwatéli]]''' ezali [[etuka]] to mpe [[etuka|provinsi]] ya '''[[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]]'''. '''-[[Ekwatéli (mokili)|Ekwatéli]]''' ezali eloko oyo bato bakelaki pona kokata mokili o bakarta ya jyografi, na biteni mibale, moko o likolo to mpe na Nor, moko na se to mpe na Sud. '''Ekolo Ekwatéli''', mpe bituka ya Ekwateli ya bikolo mingi na mokili, bazali na nkombo wana mpo ba kutanemi esika '''[[Ekwatéli (mokili)|ekwatéli]]''' elekí na karta ya mokili. {{Bokokani}} 8984 2006-08-01T14:29:49Z Saforrest 80 Ekwatéli ezali nkombo elakisi biloko mingi: '''-[[Repubiliki ya Ekwatéli]]''' ezali ekolo to mpe esé ya '''[[Amerika latina]]'''. '''-[[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Etuka ya Ekwatéli]]''' ezali [[etuka]] to mpe [[etuka|provinsi]] ya '''[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'''. '''-[[Ekwatéli (etuka-GE)|Etuka ya Ekwatéli]]''' ezali [[etuka]] to mpe [[etuka|provinsi]] ya '''[[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]]'''. '''-[[Ekwatéli (mokili)|Ekwatéli]]''' ezali eloko oyo bato bakelaki pona kokata mokili o bakarta ya jyografi, na biteni mibale, moko o likolo to mpe na Nor, moko na se to mpe na Sud. '''Ekolo Ekwatéli''', mpe bituka ya Ekwateli ya bikolo mingi na mokili, bazali na nkombo wana mpo ba kutanemi esika '''[[Ekwatéli (mokili)|ekwatéli]]''' elekí na karta ya mokili. {{Bokokani}} [[en:Equator]] Template:Boyúda 1686 5635 2005-07-24T23:49:32Z 199.8.238.219 {|tableborder="1" cellspacing="0" style="padding: 0.3em; float:right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #999; border-bottom:2px solid; border-right-width: 2px; background:#FBF5DF; text-align:center;" {{Religions}} |- |[[image:Icone_judaisme.jpg]] |- |<small>Oyo ezali ekakoli okati ya molongo etali </small><br />'''[[Kimoyuda]]''' |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Commémorations'' |- |[[Rosh Hashana]] |- |[[Yom Kippour]] |- |[[Souccot]] - [[Chemini Atseret]] |- |[[Sim'hat Torah]] - [[Hanoucca]] |- |[[Tou Bichvat]] - [[Pourim]] |- |[[Pessa'h]] - [[Chavouot]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Événements'' |- |[[Circoncision]] |- |[[Rachat du Premier né]] |- |[[Zeved habat]] |- |[[Bar-mitsva|Bar Mitsva]] - [[Bat-mitsva|Bat Mitsva]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Balosambo'' |- |[[Modé Ani]] - [[Shema Israel]] |- |[[Amida]] - [[Birkat Hamazone]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Mikanda Mikonzi'' |- |[[Mishné Torah]] - [[Choulhan Aroukh]] |- |[[Mishna]] - [[Talmud]] - [[Torah]] - [[Zohar]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Bato mayele ya Kimoyuda'' |- |[[Maïmonide]] - [[Nahmanide]] |- |[[Rachi]] - [[Abravanel]] - [[Juda Halevi]] - [[Abraham ibn Ezra]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Kimoyuda mikolo na mikolo'' |- |[[Kasher|Cacherout]] - [[Shabbat]] |} 5639 2005-07-25T00:00:12Z 199.8.238.219 {|tableborder="1" cellspacing="0" style="padding: 0.3em; float:right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #999; border-bottom:2px solid; border-right-width: 2px; background:#FBF5DF; text-align:center;" {{Religions}} |- |[[Image:YarmulkeAndMenorah.jpg]] |- |<small>Oyo ezali ekakoli okati ya molongo etali </small><br />'''[[Kimoyuda]]''' |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Commémorations'' |- |[[Rosh Hashana]] |- |[[Yom Kippour]] |- |[[Souccot]] - [[Chemini Atseret]] |- |[[Sim'hat Torah]] - [[Hanoucca]] |- |[[Tou Bichvat]] - [[Pourim]] |- |[[Pessa'h]] - [[Chavouot]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Événements'' |- |[[Circoncision]] |- |[[Rachat du Premier né]] |- |[[Zeved habat]] |- |[[Bar-mitsva|Bar Mitsva]] - [[Bat-mitsva|Bat Mitsva]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Balosambo'' |- |[[Modé Ani]] - [[Shema Israel]] |- |[[Amida]] - [[Birkat Hamazone]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Mikanda Mikonzi'' |- |[[Mishné Torah]] - [[Choulhan Aroukh]] |- |[[Mishna]] - [[Talmud]] - [[Torah]] - [[Zohar]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Bato mayele ya Kimoyuda'' |- |[[Maïmonide]] - [[Nahmanide]] |- |[[Rachi]] - [[Abravanel]] - [[Juda Halevi]] - [[Abraham ibn Ezra]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Kimoyuda mikolo na mikolo'' |- |[[Kasher|Cacherout]] - [[Shabbat]] |} 5640 2005-07-25T00:00:55Z 199.8.238.219 {|tableborder="1" cellspacing="0" style="padding: 0.3em; float:right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #999; border-bottom:2px solid; border-right-width: 2px; background:#FBF5DF; text-align:center;" {{Religions}} |- |[[Image:YarmulkeAndMenorah.jpg|thumb]] |- |<small>Oyo ezali ekakoli okati ya molongo etali </small><br />'''[[Kimoyuda]]''' |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Commémorations'' |- |[[Rosh Hashana]] |- |[[Yom Kippour]] |- |[[Souccot]] - [[Chemini Atseret]] |- |[[Sim'hat Torah]] - [[Hanoucca]] |- |[[Tou Bichvat]] - [[Pourim]] |- |[[Pessa'h]] - [[Chavouot]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Événements'' |- |[[Circoncision]] |- |[[Rachat du Premier né]] |- |[[Zeved habat]] |- |[[Bar-mitsva|Bar Mitsva]] - [[Bat-mitsva|Bat Mitsva]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Balosambo'' |- |[[Modé Ani]] - [[Shema Israel]] |- |[[Amida]] - [[Birkat Hamazone]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Mikanda Mikonzi'' |- |[[Mishné Torah]] - [[Choulhan Aroukh]] |- |[[Mishna]] - [[Talmud]] - [[Torah]] - [[Zohar]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Bato mayele ya Kimoyuda'' |- |[[Maïmonide]] - [[Nahmanide]] |- |[[Rachi]] - [[Abravanel]] - [[Juda Halevi]] - [[Abraham ibn Ezra]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Kimoyuda mikolo na mikolo'' |- |[[Kasher|Cacherout]] - [[Shabbat]] |} 5641 2005-07-25T00:01:18Z 199.8.238.219 {|tableborder="1" cellspacing="0" style="padding: 0.3em; float:right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #999; border-bottom:2px solid; border-right-width: 2px; background:#FBF5DF; text-align:center;" {{Religions}} |- |[[Image:YarmulkeAndMenorah.jpg|140px]] |- |<small>Oyo ezali ekakoli okati ya molongo etali </small><br />'''[[Kimoyuda]]''' |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Commémorations'' |- |[[Rosh Hashana]] |- |[[Yom Kippour]] |- |[[Souccot]] - [[Chemini Atseret]] |- |[[Sim'hat Torah]] - [[Hanoucca]] |- |[[Tou Bichvat]] - [[Pourim]] |- |[[Pessa'h]] - [[Chavouot]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Événements'' |- |[[Circoncision]] |- |[[Rachat du Premier né]] |- |[[Zeved habat]] |- |[[Bar-mitsva|Bar Mitsva]] - [[Bat-mitsva|Bat Mitsva]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Balosambo'' |- |[[Modé Ani]] - [[Shema Israel]] |- |[[Amida]] - [[Birkat Hamazone]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Mikanda Mikonzi'' |- |[[Mishné Torah]] - [[Choulhan Aroukh]] |- |[[Mishna]] - [[Talmud]] - [[Torah]] - [[Zohar]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Bato mayele ya Kimoyuda'' |- |[[Maïmonide]] - [[Nahmanide]] |- |[[Rachi]] - [[Abravanel]] - [[Juda Halevi]] - [[Abraham ibn Ezra]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Kimoyuda mikolo na mikolo'' |- |[[Kasher|Cacherout]] - [[Shabbat]] |} 5952 2005-08-01T20:08:02Z Moyogo 11 Template:Kimoyuda moved to Template:Boyúda {|tableborder="1" cellspacing="0" style="padding: 0.3em; float:right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #999; border-bottom:2px solid; border-right-width: 2px; background:#FBF5DF; text-align:center;" {{Religions}} |- |[[Image:YarmulkeAndMenorah.jpg|140px]] |- |<small>Oyo ezali ekakoli okati ya molongo etali </small><br />'''[[Kimoyuda]]''' |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Commémorations'' |- |[[Rosh Hashana]] |- |[[Yom Kippour]] |- |[[Souccot]] - [[Chemini Atseret]] |- |[[Sim'hat Torah]] - [[Hanoucca]] |- |[[Tou Bichvat]] - [[Pourim]] |- |[[Pessa'h]] - [[Chavouot]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Événements'' |- |[[Circoncision]] |- |[[Rachat du Premier né]] |- |[[Zeved habat]] |- |[[Bar-mitsva|Bar Mitsva]] - [[Bat-mitsva|Bat Mitsva]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Balosambo'' |- |[[Modé Ani]] - [[Shema Israel]] |- |[[Amida]] - [[Birkat Hamazone]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Mikanda Mikonzi'' |- |[[Mishné Torah]] - [[Choulhan Aroukh]] |- |[[Mishna]] - [[Talmud]] - [[Torah]] - [[Zohar]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Bato mayele ya Kimoyuda'' |- |[[Maïmonide]] - [[Nahmanide]] |- |[[Rachi]] - [[Abravanel]] - [[Juda Halevi]] - [[Abraham ibn Ezra]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Kimoyuda mikolo na mikolo'' |- |[[Kasher|Cacherout]] - [[Shabbat]] |} 5958 2005-08-01T20:16:55Z Moyogo 11 {|tableborder="1" cellspacing="0" style="padding: 0.3em; float:right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #999; border-bottom:2px solid; border-right-width: 2px; background:#FBF5DF; text-align:center;" {{Religions}} |- |[[Image:YarmulkeAndMenorah.jpg|140px]] |- |<small>Oyo ezali ekakoli okati ya molongo etali </small><br />'''[[Boyúda]]''' |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Commémorations'' |- |[[Rosh Hashana]] |- |[[Yom Kippour]] |- |[[Souccot]] - [[Chemini Atseret]] |- |[[Sim'hat Torah]] - [[Hanoucca]] |- |[[Tou Bichvat]] - [[Pourim]] |- |[[Pessa'h]] - [[Chavouot]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Événements'' |- |[[Circoncision]] |- |[[Rachat du Premier né]] |- |[[Zeved habat]] |- |[[Bar-mitsva|Bar Mitsva]] - [[Bat-mitsva|Bat Mitsva]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Balosambo'' |- |[[Modé Ani]] - [[Shema Israel]] |- |[[Amida]] - [[Birkat Hamazone]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Mikanda Mikonzi'' |- |[[Mishné Torah]] - [[Choulhan Aroukh]] |- |[[Mishna]] - [[Talmud]] - [[Torah]] - [[Zohar]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Bato mayele ya Kimoyuda'' |- |[[Maïmonide]] - [[Nahmanide]] |- |[[Rachi]] - [[Abravanel]] - [[Juda Halevi]] - [[Abraham ibn Ezra]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Kimoyuda mikolo na mikolo'' |- |[[Kasher|Cacherout]] - [[Shabbat]] |} Template:Religions 1687 5636 2005-07-24T23:53:26Z 199.8.238.219 |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''' ''Religion'' ''' |- | Barelijion misatu oyo bazali [[balandi nzambe moko]] |- | [[Kimoyuda]] - [[Kimokristo]] - [[Kimosulmani]] 5637 2005-07-24T23:53:55Z 199.8.238.219 |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''' ''Relijion'' ''' |- | Barelijion misatu oyo bazali [[balandi nzambe moko]] |- | [[Kimoyuda]] - [[Kimokristo]] - [[Kimosulmani]] 5643 2005-07-25T00:07:43Z 199.8.238.219 |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''' ''Relijion'' ''' |- | Barelijion misatu oyo bazali [[balandi nzambe moko]] |- | [[Kimoyuda]] - [[Kimokristo]] - [[Islamu]] 5954 2005-08-01T20:08:46Z Moyogo 11 Boyúda |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''' ''Relijion'' ''' |- | Barelijion misatu oyo bazali [[balandi nzambe moko]] |- | [[Boyúda]] - [[Kimokristo]] - [[Islamu]] 5959 2005-08-01T20:17:42Z Moyogo 11 Boklísto |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''' ''Relijion'' ''' |- | Barelijion misatu oyo bazali [[balandi nzambe moko]] |- | [[Boyúda]] - [[Boklísto]] - [[Islamu]] 5963 2005-08-01T20:22:43Z Moyogo 11 ortho |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''' ''Relijion'' ''' |- | Barelijion misato óyo bazali [[balandi nzambe moko]] |- | [[Boyúda]] - [[Boklísto]] - [[Islamu]] 5964 2005-08-01T20:23:06Z Moyogo 11 ortho |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''' ''Relijion'' ''' |- | Barelijion misato óyo bazali [[balandi nzámbe mɔ́kɔ́]] |- | [[Boyúda]] - [[Boklísto]] - [[Islamu]] Boyúda 1688 5638 2005-07-24T23:55:11Z 199.8.238.219 {{Kimoyuda}} 5649 2005-07-25T00:24:14Z 199.8.238.219 {{Kimoyuda}} Kimoyuda (na lifalansé balobi ''Judaisme'', na liebeleo (hebreux) balobi [en:judaism]][[fr:judaisme]] 5650 2005-07-25T00:24:34Z 199.8.238.219 {{Kimoyuda}} '''Kimoyuda''' (na lifalansé balobi ''Judaisme'', na liebeleo (hebreux) balobi [en:judaism]][[fr:judaisme]] 5651 2005-07-25T00:24:52Z 199.8.238.219 {{Kimoyuda}} '''Kimoyuda''' (na lifalansé balobi ''Judaisme'', na liebeleo (hebreux) balobi [[en:judaism]][[fr:judaisme]] 5652 2005-07-25T00:40:19Z Themalau 22 {{Kimoyuda}} '''Kimoyuda''' (na [[lifalansé]] balobi ''Judaisme'', na [[liébeleo]] (hebreux) balobi ''Yahadut'') ezali relijion ya ekolo ya '''[[moyuda|Bayuda]]'''. Ezali mpe relijion ya mokɔ́lɛ koleka - mpe na lingomba moke koleka, okati ya barelijion misatu ya '''[[balandi nzambe moko]]'''. ('''[[Kimokristo]]''', '''[[Islamu]]''' na '''[[Kimoyuda]]'''. Lokola okati ya barelijion basusu babale, [[moyuda|bayuda]] basambelaka nzambe oyo bato-mayele babengi '''Nzambe ya Abalamu''' (''Abraham'' na liébeleo) [[en:judaism]][[fr:judaisme]] 5950 2005-08-01T20:06:55Z Moyogo 11 Kimoyuda moved to Boyúda {{Kimoyuda}} '''Kimoyuda''' (na [[lifalansé]] balobi ''Judaisme'', na [[liébeleo]] (hebreux) balobi ''Yahadut'') ezali relijion ya ekolo ya '''[[moyuda|Bayuda]]'''. Ezali mpe relijion ya mokɔ́lɛ koleka - mpe na lingomba moke koleka, okati ya barelijion misatu ya '''[[balandi nzambe moko]]'''. ('''[[Kimokristo]]''', '''[[Islamu]]''' na '''[[Kimoyuda]]'''. Lokola okati ya barelijion basusu babale, [[moyuda|bayuda]] basambelaka nzambe oyo bato-mayele babengi '''Nzambe ya Abalamu''' (''Abraham'' na liébeleo) [[en:judaism]][[fr:judaisme]] 5982 2005-08-04T09:24:35Z Themalau 22 {{Kimoyuda}} '''Boyúda''' (na [[lifalansé]] balobi ''Judaisme'', na [[liébeleo]] (hebreux) balobi ''Yahadut'') ezali relijion ya ekolo ya [[moyuda|Bayuda]]. Ezali mpe relijion ya mokɔ́lɛ koleka - mpe na lingomba moke koleka, okati ya barelijion misatu ya '''[[balandi nzambe moko]]'''. ('''[[Kimokristo]]''', '''[[Islamu]]''' na '''[[Kimoyuda]]'''. Lokola okati ya barelijion basusu babale, [[moyuda|bayuda]] basambelaka nzambe oyo bato-mayele babengi [[Nzambe ya Abalamu]] (''Abraham'' na liébeleo) [[en:judaism]][[fr:judaisme]] 6549 2005-10-18T12:41:18Z Bombo 12 cat {{Kimoyuda}} '''Boyúda''' (na [[lifalansé]] balobi ''Judaisme'', na [[liébeleo]] (hebreux) balobi ''Yahadut'') ezali relijion ya ekolo ya [[moyuda|Bayuda]]. Ezali mpe relijion ya mokɔ́lɛ koleka - mpe na lingomba moke koleka, okati ya barelijion misatu ya '''[[balandi nzambe moko]]'''. ('''[[Kimokristo]]''', '''[[Islamu]]''' na '''[[Kimoyuda]]'''. Lokola okati ya barelijion basusu babale, [[moyuda|bayuda]] basambelaka nzambe oyo bato-mayele babengi [[Nzambe ya Abalamu]] (''Abraham'' na liébeleo) [[en:judaism]][[fr:judaisme]] [[category:relijion]] [[category:Boyúda]] 6641 2005-11-03T22:06:40Z Themalau 22 {{Kimoyuda}} '''Boyúda''' (na [[lifalansé]] balobi ''Judaisme'', na [[liébeleo]] (hebreux) balobi ''Yahadut'') ezali relijion ya ekolo ya [[moyuda|Bayuda]]. Ezali mpe relijion ya mokɔ́lɛ koleka - mpe na lingomba moke koleka, okati ya barelijion misatu ya '''[[balandi nzambe moko]]'''. ('''[[Boklísto]]''', '''[[Islamu]]''' na '''[[Boyúda]]'''. Lokola okati ya barelijion basusu babale, [[moyuda|bayuda]] basambelaka nzambe oyo bato-mayele babengi [[Nzambe ya Abalamu]] (''Abraham'' na liébeleo) [[en:judaism]][[fr:judaisme]] [[category:relijion]] [[category:Boyúda]] 6642 2005-11-03T22:07:03Z Themalau 22 {{Kimoyuda}} '''Boyúda''' (na [[lifalansé]] balobi ''Judaisme'', na [[liébeleo]] (hebreux) balobi ''Yahadut'') ezali relijion ya ekolo ya [[moyuda|Bayuda]]. Ezali mpe relijion ya mokɔ́lɛ koleka - mpe na lingomba moke koleka, okati ya barelijion misatu ya '''[[balandi nzambe moko]]'''. ('''[[Boklísto]]''', '''[[Islamu]]''' na '''[[Boyúda]]'''). Lokola okati ya barelijion basusu babale, [[moyuda|bayuda]] basambelaka nzambe oyo bato-mayele babengi [[Nzambe ya Abalamu]] (''Abraham'' na liébeleo) [[en:judaism]][[fr:judaisme]] [[category:relijion]] [[category:Boyúda]] 6988 2005-11-23T11:23:31Z Bombo 12 Relijion -> relijió {{Kimoyuda}} '''Boyúda''' (na [[lifalansé]] balobi ''Judaisme'', na [[liébeleo]] (hebreux) balobi ''Yahadut'') ezali relijion ya ekolo ya [[moyuda|Bayuda]]. Ezali mpe relijion ya mokɔ́lɛ koleka - mpe na lingomba moke koleka, okati ya barelijion misatu ya '''[[balandi nzambe moko]]'''. ('''[[Boklísto]]''', '''[[Islamu]]''' na '''[[Boyúda]]'''). Lokola okati ya barelijion basusu babale, [[moyuda|bayuda]] basambelaka nzambe oyo bato-mayele babengi [[Nzambe ya Abalamu]] (''Abraham'' na liébeleo) [[en:judaism]][[fr:judaisme]] [[category:relijió]] [[category:Boyúda]] Template:IslamS 1689 5642 2005-07-25T00:06:30Z 199.8.238.219 {| class="WSerieV" id="WSerie_Islam" tableborder="1" cellspacing="0" style="padding: 0.3em; float:right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 5px 1em; border:1px solid #669966; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; background:#99CC99; text-align:center;" {{Religions}} |- |[[image:iconeIslam.png|180px]]<br /><small>Cet article fait partie de la série</small><br />'''[[Islam]]''' |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Makolo mitanu ya Islam'' |- |[[Chahadah|La profession de foi]] |- |[[Salat|La prière]] - [[Zakat|L'aumône]] |- |[[Ramadan|Le jeûne]] |- |[[Hadj|Pèlerinage à La Mecque]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Bingumba ya kimosantu'' |- |[[La Mecque]] - [[Médine]] |- |[[Jérusalem]] |- |[[Nadjaf]] - [[Kerbala]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Événements et Fêtes'' |- |[[Calendrier musulman]] - |- |[[Aïd el-Kebir]] - [[Hégire]] |- |[[Achoura]] - [[Arbaïn]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Bandaku ya Nzambe'' |- |[[Mosquée]] - [[Minaret]] |- |[[Mihrab]] - [[Qibla]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Bakambi lingomba'' |- |[[Muezzin]] - [[Imam]] - [[Mollah]] |- |[[Ayatollah]] - [[Mufti]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Textes et lois'' |- |[[Vocabulaire de l'islam]] - |- |[[Coran]] - [[Hadith]] - [[Sunna]] |- |[[Sourate]] - [[Fiqh]] - [[Fatwa]] |- |[[Charia]] - [[Hisba]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Mouvements'' |- |[[Sunnisme]] - [[Chiisme]] |- |[[Kharidjisme]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Écoles'' |- |[[Hanafisme]] - [[Malékisme]] |- |[[Chaféisme]] - [[Hanbalisme]] |- |[[Wahhabisme]] - [[Salafisme]] |- |[[Chiisme duodécimain|Duodécimains]] - [[Ismaélisme]] |- |[[Motazilisme]] - [[Druzes]] |- |[[Acharisme]] - [[Soufisme]] |} 5644 2005-07-25T00:09:19Z 199.8.238.219 {| class="WSerieV" id="WSerie_Islam" tableborder="1" cellspacing="0" style="padding: 0.3em; float:right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 5px 1em; border:1px solid #669966; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; background:#99CC99; text-align:center;" {{Religions}} |- |[[image:iconeIslam.png|180px]]<br /><small>Oyo ezali ekakoli okati ya molongo etali</small><br />'''[[Islamu]]''' |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Makolo mitanu ya Islamu'' |- |[[Chahadah|La profession de foi]] |- |[[Salat|La prière]] - [[Zakat|L'aumône]] |- |[[Ramadan|Le jeûne]] |- |[[Hadj|Pèlerinage à La Mecque]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Bingumba ya kimosantu'' |- |[[La Mecque]] - [[Médine]] |- |[[Jérusalem]] |- |[[Nadjaf]] - [[Kerbala]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Événements et Fêtes'' |- |[[Calendrier musulman]] - |- |[[Aïd el-Kebir]] - [[Hégire]] |- |[[Achoura]] - [[Arbaïn]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Bandaku ya Nzambe'' |- |[[Mosquée]] - [[Minaret]] |- |[[Mihrab]] - [[Qibla]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Bakambi lingomba'' |- |[[Muezzin]] - [[Imam]] - [[Mollah]] |- |[[Ayatollah]] - [[Mufti]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Textes et lois'' |- |[[Vocabulaire de l'islam]] - |- |[[Coran]] - [[Hadith]] - [[Sunna]] |- |[[Sourate]] - [[Fiqh]] - [[Fatwa]] |- |[[Charia]] - [[Hisba]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Mouvements'' |- |[[Sunnisme]] - [[Chiisme]] |- |[[Kharidjisme]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Écoles'' |- |[[Hanafisme]] - [[Malékisme]] |- |[[Chaféisme]] - [[Hanbalisme]] |- |[[Wahhabisme]] - [[Salafisme]] |- |[[Chiisme duodécimain|Duodécimains]] - [[Ismaélisme]] |- |[[Motazilisme]] - [[Druzes]] |- |[[Acharisme]] - [[Soufisme]] |} 9974 2006-12-15T07:45:20Z 67.15.151.100 {| class="WSerieV" id="WSerie_Islam" tableborder="1" cellspacing="0" style="padding: 0.3em; float:right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 5px 1em; border:1px solid #669966; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; background:#99CC99; text-align:center;" {{Religions}} |- |[[image:iconeIslam.png|150px]]<br /><small>Oyo ezali ekakoli okati ya molongo etali</small><br />'''[[Islamu]]''' |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Makolo mitanu ya Islamu'' |- |[[Chahadah|La profession de foi]] |- |[[Salat|La prière]] - [[Zakat|L'aumône]] |- |[[Ramadan|Le jeûne]] |- |[[Hadj|Pèlerinage à La Mecque]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Bingumba ya kimosantu'' |- |[[La Mecque]] - [[Médine]] |- |[[Jérusalem]] |- |[[Nadjaf]] - [[Kerbala]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Événements et Fêtes'' |- |[[Calendrier musulman]] - |- |[[Aïd el-Kebir]] - [[Hégire]] |- |[[Achoura]] - [[Arbaïn]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Bandaku ya Nzambe'' |- |[[Mosquée]] - [[Minaret]] |- |[[Mihrab]] - [[Qibla]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Bakambi lingomba'' |- |[[Muezzin]] - [[Imam]] - [[Mollah]] |- |[[Ayatollah]] - [[Mufti]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Textes et lois'' |- |[[Vocabulaire de l'islam]] - |- |[[Coran]] - [[Hadith]] - [[Sunna]] |- |[[Sourate]] - [[Fiqh]] - [[Fatwa]] |- |[[Charia]] - [[Hisba]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Mouvements'' |- |[[Sunnisme]] - [[Chiisme]] |- |[[Kharidjisme]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Écoles'' |- |[[Hanafisme]] - [[Malékisme]] |- |[[Chaféisme]] - [[Hanbalisme]] |- |[[Wahhabisme]] - [[Salafisme]] |- |[[Chiisme duodécimain|Duodécimains]] - [[Ismaélisme]] |- |[[Motazilisme]] - [[Druzes]] |- |[[Acharisme]] - [[Soufisme]] |} 9975 2006-12-15T07:46:05Z 67.15.151.100 {| class="WSerieV" id="WSerie_Islam" tableborder="1" cellspacing="0" style="padding: 0.3em; float:right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 5px 1em; border:1px solid #669966; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; background:#99CC99; text-align:center;" {{Religions}} |- |[[image:iconeIslam.png|100px]]<br /><small>Oyo ezali ekakoli okati ya molongo etali</small><br />'''[[Islamu]]''' |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Makolo mitanu ya Islamu'' |- |[[Chahadah|La profession de foi]] |- |[[Salat|La prière]] - [[Zakat|L'aumône]] |- |[[Ramadan|Le jeûne]] |- |[[Hadj|Pèlerinage à La Mecque]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Bingumba ya kimosantu'' |- |[[La Mecque]] - [[Médine]] |- |[[Jérusalem]] |- |[[Nadjaf]] - [[Kerbala]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Événements et Fêtes'' |- |[[Calendrier musulman]] - |- |[[Aïd el-Kebir]] - [[Hégire]] |- |[[Achoura]] - [[Arbaïn]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Bandaku ya Nzambe'' |- |[[Mosquée]] - [[Minaret]] |- |[[Mihrab]] - [[Qibla]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Bakambi lingomba'' |- |[[Muezzin]] - [[Imam]] - [[Mollah]] |- |[[Ayatollah]] - [[Mufti]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Textes et lois'' |- |[[Vocabulaire de l'islam]] - |- |[[Coran]] - [[Hadith]] - [[Sunna]] |- |[[Sourate]] - [[Fiqh]] - [[Fatwa]] |- |[[Charia]] - [[Hisba]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Mouvements'' |- |[[Sunnisme]] - [[Chiisme]] |- |[[Kharidjisme]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|''Écoles'' |- |[[Hanafisme]] - [[Malékisme]] |- |[[Chaféisme]] - [[Hanbalisme]] |- |[[Wahhabisme]] - [[Salafisme]] |- |[[Chiisme duodécimain|Duodécimains]] - [[Ismaélisme]] |- |[[Motazilisme]] - [[Druzes]] |- |[[Acharisme]] - [[Soufisme]] |} Islamu 1690 5645 2005-07-25T00:09:40Z 199.8.238.219 {{IslamS}} 5646 2005-07-25T00:17:56Z 199.8.238.219 {{IslamS}} '''Islamu''' (na [[kiarabi]] balobi ''Islam''), to mpe '''[[Kimosulmani]]''', ezali moko okati ya barelijion misatu ya [[balandi nzambe moko]]. Lokola okati ya barelijion basusu babale - [[Kimocristo]] na [[Kimoyuda]], [[mosulmani|bamosulmani]] (to mpe balandi Islamu) ba sambelaka nzambe oyo bato-mayele babengi "nzambe ya Abalamu" (''Ibrahim'' na kiarabi). 5647 2005-07-25T00:19:55Z 199.8.238.219 {{IslamS}} '''Islamu''' (na [[kiarabi]] balobi ''Islam''), to mpe '''[[Kimosulmani]]''', ezali moko okati ya barelijion misatu ya [[balandi nzambe moko]]. Lokola okati ya barelijion basusu babale - [[Kimocristo]] na [[Kimoyuda]], [[mosulmani|bamosulmani]] (to mpe balandi Islamu) ba sambelaka nzambe oyo bato-mayele babengi "nzambe ya Abalamu" (''Ibrahim'' na kiarabi). [[en:Islam]][[pt:Islam]][[fr:Islam]][[sw:Uislamu]][[ar:Islam]][[es:Islam]] 5648 2005-07-25T00:21:19Z 199.8.238.219 {{IslamS}} '''Islamu''' (na [[kiarabi]] balobi ''Islam'' - لإسلام), to mpe '''[[Kimosulmani]]''', ezali moko okati ya barelijion misatu ya [[balandi nzambe moko]]. Lokola okati ya barelijion basusu babale - [[Kimocristo]] na [[Kimoyuda]], [[mosulmani|bamosulmani]] (to mpe balandi Islamu) ba sambelaka nzambe oyo bato-mayele babengi "nzambe ya Abalamu" (''Ibrahim'' na kiarabi). [[en:Islam]][[pt:Islam]][[fr:Islam]][[sw:Uislamu]][[ar:Islam]][[es:Islam]] 5655 2005-07-25T00:56:04Z Themalau 22 {{IslamS}} '''Islamu''' (na [[kiarabi]] balobi ''Islam'' - لإسلام), to mpe '''[[Kimosulmani]]''', ezali moko okati ya barelijion misatu ya [[balandi nzambe moko]]. Lokola okati ya barelijion basusu babale - [[Kimokristo]] na [[Kimoyuda]], [[mosulmani|bamosulmani]] (to mpe balandi Islamu) ba sambelaka nzambe oyo bato-mayele babengi '''nzambe ya Abalamu''' (''Ibrahim'' na kiarabi). [[en:Islam]][[pt:Islam]][[fr:Islam]][[sw:Uislamu]][[ar:Islam]][[es:Islam]] 6546 2005-10-18T12:37:02Z Bombo 12 cat {{IslamS}} '''Islamu''' (na [[kiarabi]] balobi ''Islam'' - لإسلام), to mpe '''[[Kimosulmani]]''', ezali moko okati ya barelijion misatu ya [[balandi nzambe moko]]. Lokola okati ya barelijion basusu babale - [[Kimokristo]] na [[Kimoyuda]], [[mosulmani|bamosulmani]] (to mpe balandi Islamu) ba sambelaka nzambe oyo bato-mayele babengi '''nzambe ya Abalamu''' (''Ibrahim'' na kiarabi). [[en:Islam]][[pt:Islam]][[fr:Islam]][[sw:Uislamu]][[ar:Islam]][[es:Islam]] [[category:relijion]] [[category:islamu]] 6639 2005-11-03T21:59:28Z Themalau 22 {{IslamS}} '''Islamu''' (na [[liarabi]] balobi ''Islam'' - لإسلام), to mpe '''[[Kimosulmani]]''', ezali moko okati ya barelijion misatu ya [[balandi nzambe moko]]. Lokola okati ya barelijion basusu babale - [[Boklisto]] na [[Boyuda]], [[mosulmani|bamosulmani]] (to mpe balandi Islamu) ba sambelaka nzambe oyo bato-mayele babengi '''nzambe ya Abalamu''' (''Ibrahim'' na kiarabi). [[en:Islam]][[pt:Islam]][[fr:Islam]][[sw:Uislamu]][[ar:Islam]][[es:Islam]] [[category:relijion]] [[category:islamu]] 6640 2005-11-03T22:00:24Z Themalau 22 {{IslamS}} '''Islamu''' (na [[liarabi]] balobi ''Islam'' - لإسلام), to mpe '''[[Kimosulmani]]''', ezali moko okati ya barelijion misatu ya [[balandi nzambe moko]]. Lokola okati ya barelijion basusu babale - [[Boklísto]] na [[Boyúda]], [[mosulmani|bamosulmani]] (to mpe balandi Islamu) ba sambelaka nzambe oyo bato-mayele babengi '''nzambe ya Abalamu''' (''Ibrahim'' na kiarabi). [[en:Islam]][[pt:Islam]][[fr:Islam]][[sw:Uislamu]][[ar:Islam]][[es:Islam]] [[category:relijion]] [[category:islamu]] 6989 2005-11-23T11:24:09Z Bombo 12 Relijion -> relijió {{IslamS}} '''Islamu''' (na [[liarabi]] balobi ''Islam'' - لإسلام), to mpe '''[[Kimosulmani]]''', ezali moko okati ya barelijion misatu ya [[balandi nzambe moko]]. Lokola okati ya barelijion basusu babale - [[Boklísto]] na [[Boyúda]], [[mosulmani|bamosulmani]] (to mpe balandi Islamu) ba sambelaka nzambe oyo bato-mayele babengi '''nzambe ya Abalamu''' (''Ibrahim'' na kiarabi). [[en:Islam]][[pt:Islam]][[fr:Islam]][[sw:Uislamu]][[ar:Islam]][[es:Islam]] [[category:relijió]] [[category:islamu]] 7934 2006-04-01T19:21:05Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: af, an, ast, ba, be, bg, bn, br, bs, ca, cs, cv, cy, da, de, el, eo, et, eu, fa, fi, gl, haw, he, hi, hr, hu, ia, id, ilo, io, is, it, ja, jbo, jv, ko, ku, kw, la, li, lt, lv, mk, ms, nl, nn, no, pl, ps, ro, ru, sh, simple, sk, sl, sr, {{IslamS}} '''Islamu''' (na [[liarabi]] balobi ''Islam'' - لإسلام), to mpe '''[[Kimosulmani]]''', ezali moko okati ya barelijion misatu ya [[balandi nzambe moko]]. Lokola okati ya barelijion basusu babale - [[Boklísto]] na [[Boyúda]], [[mosulmani|bamosulmani]] (to mpe balandi Islamu) ba sambelaka nzambe oyo bato-mayele babengi '''nzambe ya Abalamu''' (''Ibrahim'' na kiarabi). [[category:relijió]] [[category:islamu]] [[af:Islam]] [[an:Islam]] [[ar:إسلام]] [[ast:Islam]] [[ba:Ислам]] [[be:Іслам]] [[bg:Ислям]] [[bn:ইসলাম]] [[br:Islam]] [[bs:Islam]] [[ca:Islam]] [[cs:Islám]] [[cv:Ислам]] [[cy:Islam]] [[da:Islam]] [[de:Islam]] [[el:Ισλαμισμός]] [[en:Islam]] [[eo:Islamo]] [[es:Islam]] [[et:Islam]] [[eu:Islam]] [[fa:اسلام]] [[fi:Islam]] [[fr:Islam]] [[gl:Islam]] [[haw:Hoʻomana Mohameka]] [[he:אסלאם]] [[hi:इस्लाम धर्म]] [[hr:Islam]] [[hu:Iszlám]] [[ia:Islam]] [[id:Islam]] [[ilo:Islam]] [[io:Islamo]] [[is:Íslam]] [[it:Islam]] [[ja:イスラム教]] [[jbo:musyjda]] [[jv:Islam]] [[ko:이슬람교]] [[ku:Îslam]] [[kw:Islam]] [[la:Religio Islamica]] [[li:Islam]] [[lt:Islamas]] [[lv:Islāms]] [[mk:Ислам]] [[ms:Islam]] [[nl:Islam]] [[nn:Islam]] [[no:Islam]] [[pl:Islam]] [[ps:اسلام]] [[pt:Islão]] [[ro:Islam]] [[ru:Ислам]] [[sh:Islam]] [[simple:Islam]] [[sk:Islam]] [[sl:Islam]] [[sr:Ислам]] [[su:Islam]] [[sv:Islam]] [[sw:Uislamu]] [[ta:இஸ்லாம்]] [[th:ศาสนาอิสลาม]] [[tr:İslam]] [[tt:Íslam]] [[uk:Іслам]] [[ur:اسلام]] [[vi:Hồi giáo]] [[yi:איסלאם]] [[zh:伊斯兰教]] 8013 2006-04-15T23:43:22Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: tl {{IslamS}} '''Islamu''' (na [[liarabi]] balobi ''Islam'' - لإسلام), to mpe '''[[Kimosulmani]]''', ezali moko okati ya barelijion misatu ya [[balandi nzambe moko]]. Lokola okati ya barelijion basusu babale - [[Boklísto]] na [[Boyúda]], [[mosulmani|bamosulmani]] (to mpe balandi Islamu) ba sambelaka nzambe oyo bato-mayele babengi '''nzambe ya Abalamu''' (''Ibrahim'' na kiarabi). [[category:relijió]] [[category:islamu]] [[af:Islam]] [[an:Islam]] [[ar:إسلام]] [[ast:Islam]] [[ba:Ислам]] [[be:Іслам]] [[bg:Ислям]] [[bn:ইসলাম]] [[br:Islam]] [[bs:Islam]] [[ca:Islam]] [[cs:Islám]] [[cv:Ислам]] [[cy:Islam]] [[da:Islam]] [[de:Islam]] [[el:Ισλαμισμός]] [[en:Islam]] [[eo:Islamo]] [[es:Islam]] [[et:Islam]] [[eu:Islam]] [[fa:اسلام]] [[fi:Islam]] [[fr:Islam]] [[gl:Islam]] [[haw:Hoʻomana Mohameka]] [[he:אסלאם]] [[hi:इस्लाम धर्म]] [[hr:Islam]] [[hu:Iszlám]] [[ia:Islam]] [[id:Islam]] [[ilo:Islam]] [[io:Islamo]] [[is:Íslam]] [[it:Islam]] [[ja:イスラム教]] [[jbo:musyjda]] [[jv:Islam]] [[ko:이슬람교]] [[ku:Îslam]] [[kw:Islam]] [[la:Religio Islamica]] [[li:Islam]] [[lt:Islamas]] [[lv:Islāms]] [[mk:Ислам]] [[ms:Islam]] [[nl:Islam]] [[nn:Islam]] [[no:Islam]] [[pl:Islam]] [[ps:اسلام]] [[pt:Islão]] [[ro:Islam]] [[ru:Ислам]] [[sh:Islam]] [[simple:Islam]] [[sk:Islam]] [[sl:Islam]] [[sr:Ислам]] [[su:Islam]] [[sv:Islam]] [[sw:Uislamu]] [[ta:இஸ்லாம்]] [[th:ศาสนาอิสลาม]] [[tl:Islam]] [[tr:İslam]] [[tt:Íslam]] [[uk:Іслам]] [[ur:اسلام]] [[vi:Hồi giáo]] [[yi:איסלאם]] [[zh:伊斯兰教]] 9046 2006-08-02T06:21:31Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: az, bm, fur, ga, gd, ka, sco, sd, wa Modifie: el {{IslamS}} '''Islamu''' (na [[liarabi]] balobi ''Islam'' - لإسلام), to mpe '''[[Kimosulmani]]''', ezali moko okati ya barelijion misatu ya [[balandi nzambe moko]]. Lokola okati ya barelijion basusu babale - [[Boklísto]] na [[Boyúda]], [[mosulmani|bamosulmani]] (to mpe balandi Islamu) ba sambelaka nzambe oyo bato-mayele babengi '''nzambe ya Abalamu''' (''Ibrahim'' na kiarabi). [[category:relijió]] [[category:islamu]] [[af:Islam]] [[an:Islam]] [[ar:إسلام]] [[ast:Islam]] [[az:İslam]] [[ba:Ислам]] [[be:Іслам]] [[bg:Ислям]] [[bm:Sìlàmɛya]] [[bn:ইসলাম]] [[br:Islam]] [[bs:Islam]] [[ca:Islam]] [[cs:Islám]] [[cv:Ислам]] [[cy:Islam]] [[da:Islam]] [[de:Islam]] [[el:Ισλάμ]] [[en:Islam]] [[eo:Islamo]] [[es:Islam]] [[et:Islam]] [[eu:Islam]] [[fa:اسلام]] [[fi:Islam]] [[fr:Islam]] [[fur:Islam]] [[ga:Ioslam]] [[gd:Ioslam]] [[gl:Islam]] [[haw:Hoʻomana Mohameka]] [[he:אסלאם]] [[hi:इस्लाम धर्म]] [[hr:Islam]] [[hu:Iszlám]] [[ia:Islam]] [[id:Islam]] [[ilo:Islam]] [[io:Islamo]] [[is:Íslam]] [[it:Islam]] [[ja:イスラム教]] [[jbo:musyjda]] [[jv:Islam]] [[ka:ისლამი]] [[ko:이슬람교]] [[ku:Îslam]] [[kw:Islam]] [[la:Religio Islamica]] [[li:Islam]] [[lt:Islamas]] [[lv:Islāms]] [[mk:Ислам]] [[ms:Islam]] [[nl:Islam]] [[nn:Islam]] [[no:Islam]] [[pl:Islam]] [[ps:اسلام]] [[pt:Islão]] [[ro:Islam]] [[ru:Ислам]] [[sco:Islam]] [[sd:اسلام]] [[sh:Islam]] [[simple:Islam]] [[sk:Islam]] [[sl:Islam]] [[sr:Ислам]] [[su:Islam]] [[sv:Islam]] [[sw:Uislamu]] [[ta:இஸ்லாம்]] [[th:ศาสนาอิสลาม]] [[tl:Islam]] [[tr:İslam]] [[tt:Íslam]] [[uk:Іслам]] [[ur:اسلام]] [[vi:Hồi giáo]] [[wa:Islam]] [[yi:איסלאם]] [[zh:伊斯兰教]] 9101 2006-08-13T19:49:20Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[nds:Islam]], [[scn:Islam]], [[sq:Feja Islame]] {{IslamS}} '''Islamu''' (na [[liarabi]] balobi ''Islam'' - لإسلام), to mpe '''[[Kimosulmani]]''', ezali moko okati ya barelijion misatu ya [[balandi nzambe moko]]. Lokola okati ya barelijion basusu babale - [[Boklísto]] na [[Boyúda]], [[mosulmani|bamosulmani]] (to mpe balandi Islamu) ba sambelaka nzambe oyo bato-mayele babengi '''nzambe ya Abalamu''' (''Ibrahim'' na kiarabi). [[category:relijió]] [[category:islamu]] [[af:Islam]] [[an:Islam]] [[ar:إسلام]] [[ast:Islam]] [[az:İslam]] [[ba:Ислам]] [[be:Іслам]] [[bg:Ислям]] [[bm:Sìlàmɛya]] [[bn:ইসলাম]] [[br:Islam]] [[bs:Islam]] [[ca:Islam]] [[cs:Islám]] [[cv:Ислам]] [[cy:Islam]] [[da:Islam]] [[de:Islam]] [[el:Ισλάμ]] [[en:Islam]] [[eo:Islamo]] [[es:Islam]] [[et:Islam]] [[eu:Islam]] [[fa:اسلام]] [[fi:Islam]] [[fr:Islam]] [[fur:Islam]] [[ga:Ioslam]] [[gd:Ioslam]] [[gl:Islam]] [[haw:Hoʻomana Mohameka]] [[he:אסלאם]] [[hi:इस्लाम धर्म]] [[hr:Islam]] [[hu:Iszlám]] [[ia:Islam]] [[id:Islam]] [[ilo:Islam]] [[io:Islamo]] [[is:Íslam]] [[it:Islam]] [[ja:イスラム教]] [[jbo:musyjda]] [[jv:Islam]] [[ka:ისლამი]] [[ko:이슬람교]] [[ku:Îslam]] [[kw:Islam]] [[la:Religio Islamica]] [[li:Islam]] [[lt:Islamas]] [[lv:Islāms]] [[mk:Ислам]] [[ms:Islam]] [[nds:Islam]] [[nl:Islam]] [[nn:Islam]] [[no:Islam]] [[pl:Islam]] [[ps:اسلام]] [[pt:Islão]] [[ro:Islam]] [[ru:Ислам]] [[scn:Islam]] [[sco:Islam]] [[sd:اسلام]] [[sh:Islam]] [[simple:Islam]] [[sk:Islam]] [[sl:Islam]] [[sq:Feja Islame]] [[sr:Ислам]] [[su:Islam]] [[sv:Islam]] [[sw:Uislamu]] [[ta:இஸ்லாம்]] [[th:ศาสนาอิสลาม]] [[tl:Islam]] [[tr:İslam]] [[tt:Íslam]] [[uk:Іслам]] [[ur:اسلام]] [[vi:Hồi giáo]] [[wa:Islam]] [[yi:איסלאם]] [[zh:伊斯兰教]] 9174 2006-08-26T20:37:02Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Modifie: bn {{IslamS}} '''Islamu''' (na [[liarabi]] balobi ''Islam'' - لإسلام), to mpe '''[[Kimosulmani]]''', ezali moko okati ya barelijion misatu ya [[balandi nzambe moko]]. Lokola okati ya barelijion basusu babale - [[Boklísto]] na [[Boyúda]], [[mosulmani|bamosulmani]] (to mpe balandi Islamu) ba sambelaka nzambe oyo bato-mayele babengi '''nzambe ya Abalamu''' (''Ibrahim'' na kiarabi). [[category:relijió]] [[category:islamu]] [[af:Islam]] [[an:Islam]] [[ar:إسلام]] [[ast:Islam]] [[az:İslam]] [[ba:Ислам]] [[be:Іслам]] [[bg:Ислям]] [[bm:Sìlàmɛya]] [[bn:ইসলাম ধর্ম]] [[br:Islam]] [[bs:Islam]] [[ca:Islam]] [[cs:Islám]] [[cv:Ислам]] [[cy:Islam]] [[da:Islam]] [[de:Islam]] [[el:Ισλάμ]] [[en:Islam]] [[eo:Islamo]] [[es:Islam]] [[et:Islam]] [[eu:Islam]] [[fa:اسلام]] [[fi:Islam]] [[fr:Islam]] [[fur:Islam]] [[ga:Ioslam]] [[gd:Ioslam]] [[gl:Islam]] [[haw:Hoʻomana Mohameka]] [[he:אסלאם]] [[hi:इस्लाम धर्म]] [[hr:Islam]] [[hu:Iszlám]] [[ia:Islam]] [[id:Islam]] [[ilo:Islam]] [[io:Islamo]] [[is:Íslam]] [[it:Islam]] [[ja:イスラム教]] [[jbo:musyjda]] [[jv:Islam]] [[ka:ისლამი]] [[ko:이슬람교]] [[ku:Îslam]] [[kw:Islam]] [[la:Religio Islamica]] [[li:Islam]] [[lt:Islamas]] [[lv:Islāms]] [[mk:Ислам]] [[ms:Islam]] [[nds:Islam]] [[nl:Islam]] [[nn:Islam]] [[no:Islam]] [[pl:Islam]] [[ps:اسلام]] [[pt:Islão]] [[ro:Islam]] [[ru:Ислам]] [[scn:Islam]] [[sco:Islam]] [[sd:اسلام]] [[sh:Islam]] [[simple:Islam]] [[sk:Islam]] [[sl:Islam]] [[sq:Feja Islame]] [[sr:Ислам]] [[su:Islam]] [[sv:Islam]] [[sw:Uislamu]] [[ta:இஸ்லாம்]] [[th:ศาสนาอิสลาม]] [[tl:Islam]] [[tr:İslam]] [[tt:Íslam]] [[uk:Іслам]] [[ur:اسلام]] [[vi:Hồi giáo]] [[wa:Islam]] [[yi:איסלאם]] [[zh:伊斯兰教]] 9503 2006-10-15T17:17:56Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: [[kn:ಇಸ್ಲಾಂ ಧರ್ಮ]] {{IslamS}} '''Islamu''' (na [[liarabi]] balobi ''Islam'' - لإسلام), to mpe '''[[Kimosulmani]]''', ezali moko okati ya barelijion misatu ya [[balandi nzambe moko]]. Lokola okati ya barelijion basusu babale - [[Boklísto]] na [[Boyúda]], [[mosulmani|bamosulmani]] (to mpe balandi Islamu) ba sambelaka nzambe oyo bato-mayele babengi '''nzambe ya Abalamu''' (''Ibrahim'' na kiarabi). [[category:relijió]] [[category:islamu]] [[af:Islam]] [[an:Islam]] [[ar:إسلام]] [[ast:Islam]] [[az:İslam]] [[ba:Ислам]] [[be:Іслам]] [[bg:Ислям]] [[bm:Sìlàmɛya]] [[bn:ইসলাম ধর্ম]] [[br:Islam]] [[bs:Islam]] [[ca:Islam]] [[cs:Islám]] [[cv:Ислам]] [[cy:Islam]] [[da:Islam]] [[de:Islam]] [[el:Ισλάμ]] [[en:Islam]] [[eo:Islamo]] [[es:Islam]] [[et:Islam]] [[eu:Islam]] [[fa:اسلام]] [[fi:Islam]] [[fr:Islam]] [[fur:Islam]] [[ga:Ioslam]] [[gd:Ioslam]] [[gl:Islam]] [[haw:Hoʻomana Mohameka]] [[he:אסלאם]] [[hi:इस्लाम धर्म]] [[hr:Islam]] [[hu:Iszlám]] [[ia:Islam]] [[id:Islam]] [[ilo:Islam]] [[io:Islamo]] [[is:Íslam]] [[it:Islam]] [[ja:イスラム教]] [[jbo:musyjda]] [[jv:Islam]] [[ka:ისლამი]] [[kn:ಇಸ್ಲಾಂ ಧರ್ಮ]] [[ko:이슬람교]] [[ku:Îslam]] [[kw:Islam]] [[la:Religio Islamica]] [[li:Islam]] [[lt:Islamas]] [[lv:Islāms]] [[mk:Ислам]] [[ms:Islam]] [[nds:Islam]] [[nl:Islam]] [[nn:Islam]] [[no:Islam]] [[pl:Islam]] [[ps:اسلام]] [[pt:Islão]] [[ro:Islam]] [[ru:Ислам]] [[scn:Islam]] [[sco:Islam]] [[sd:اسلام]] [[sh:Islam]] [[simple:Islam]] [[sk:Islam]] [[sl:Islam]] [[sq:Feja Islame]] [[sr:Ислам]] [[su:Islam]] [[sv:Islam]] [[sw:Uislamu]] [[ta:இஸ்லாம்]] [[th:ศาสนาอิสลาม]] [[tl:Islam]] [[tr:İslam]] [[tt:Íslam]] [[uk:Іслам]] [[ur:اسلام]] [[vi:Hồi giáo]] [[wa:Islam]] [[yi:איסלאם]] [[zh:伊斯兰教]] 9643 2006-10-30T15:15:46Z 85.107.151.15 {{IslamS}} '''Islamu''' (na [[liarabi]] balobi ''Islam'' - لإسلام), to mpe '''[[Kimosulmani]]''', ezali moko okati ya barelijion misatu ya [[balandi nzambe moko]]. Lokola okati ya barelijion basusu babale - [[Boklísto]] na [[Boyúda]], [[mosulmani|bamosulmani]] (to mpe balandi Islamu) ba sambelaka nzambe oyo bato-mayele babengi '''nzambe ya Abalamu''' (''Ibrahim'' na kiarabi). ==External Links== *[http://www.cennet.ws cennet] - islami directory [[category:relijió]] [[category:islamu]] [[af:Islam]] [[an:Islam]] [[ar:إسلام]] [[ast:Islam]] [[az:İslam]] [[ba:Ислам]] [[be:Іслам]] [[bg:Ислям]] [[bm:Sìlàmɛya]] [[bn:ইসলাম ধর্ম]] [[br:Islam]] [[bs:Islam]] [[ca:Islam]] [[cs:Islám]] [[cv:Ислам]] [[cy:Islam]] [[da:Islam]] [[de:Islam]] [[el:Ισλάμ]] [[en:Islam]] [[eo:Islamo]] [[es:Islam]] [[et:Islam]] [[eu:Islam]] [[fa:اسلام]] [[fi:Islam]] [[fr:Islam]] [[fur:Islam]] [[ga:Ioslam]] [[gd:Ioslam]] [[gl:Islam]] [[haw:Hoʻomana Mohameka]] [[he:אסלאם]] [[hi:इस्लाम धर्म]] [[hr:Islam]] [[hu:Iszlám]] [[ia:Islam]] [[id:Islam]] [[ilo:Islam]] [[io:Islamo]] [[is:Íslam]] [[it:Islam]] [[ja:イスラム教]] [[jbo:musyjda]] [[jv:Islam]] [[ka:ისლამი]] [[kn:ಇಸ್ಲಾಂ ಧರ್ಮ]] [[ko:이슬람교]] [[ku:Îslam]] [[kw:Islam]] [[la:Religio Islamica]] [[li:Islam]] [[lt:Islamas]] [[lv:Islāms]] [[mk:Ислам]] [[ms:Islam]] [[nds:Islam]] [[nl:Islam]] [[nn:Islam]] [[no:Islam]] [[pl:Islam]] [[ps:اسلام]] [[pt:Islão]] [[ro:Islam]] [[ru:Ислам]] [[scn:Islam]] [[sco:Islam]] [[sd:اسلام]] [[sh:Islam]] [[simple:Islam]] [[sk:Islam]] [[sl:Islam]] [[sq:Feja Islame]] [[sr:Ислам]] [[su:Islam]] [[sv:Islam]] [[sw:Uislamu]] [[ta:இஸ்லாம்]] [[th:ศาสนาอิสลาม]] [[tl:Islam]] [[tr:İslam]] [[tt:Íslam]] [[uk:Іслам]] [[ur:اسلام]] [[vi:Hồi giáo]] [[wa:Islam]] [[yi:איסלאם]] [[zh:伊斯兰教]] 9655 2006-11-03T18:32:58Z 213.78.180.114 rvv {{IslamS}} '''Islamu''' (na [[liarabi]] balobi ''Islam'' - لإسلام), to mpe '''[[Kimosulmani]]''', ezali moko okati ya barelijion misatu ya [[balandi nzambe moko]]. Lokola okati ya barelijion basusu babale - [[Boklísto]] na [[Boyúda]], [[mosulmani|bamosulmani]] (to mpe balandi Islamu) ba sambelaka nzambe oyo bato-mayele babengi '''nzambe ya Abalamu''' (''Ibrahim'' na kiarabi). [[category:relijió]] [[category:islamu]] [[af:Islam]] [[an:Islam]] [[ar:إسلام]] [[ast:Islam]] [[az:İslam]] [[ba:Ислам]] [[be:Іслам]] [[bg:Ислям]] [[bm:Sìlàmɛya]] [[bn:ইসলাম ধর্ম]] [[br:Islam]] [[bs:Islam]] [[ca:Islam]] [[cs:Islám]] [[cv:Ислам]] [[cy:Islam]] [[da:Islam]] [[de:Islam]] [[el:Ισλάμ]] [[en:Islam]] [[eo:Islamo]] [[es:Islam]] [[et:Islam]] [[eu:Islam]] [[fa:اسلام]] [[fi:Islam]] [[fr:Islam]] [[fur:Islam]] [[ga:Ioslam]] [[gd:Ioslam]] [[gl:Islam]] [[haw:Hoʻomana Mohameka]] [[he:אסלאם]] [[hi:इस्लाम धर्म]] [[hr:Islam]] [[hu:Iszlám]] [[ia:Islam]] [[id:Islam]] [[ilo:Islam]] [[io:Islamo]] [[is:Íslam]] [[it:Islam]] [[ja:イスラム教]] [[jbo:musyjda]] [[jv:Islam]] [[ka:ისლამი]] [[kn:ಇಸ್ಲಾಂ ಧರ್ಮ]] [[ko:이슬람교]] [[ku:Îslam]] [[kw:Islam]] [[la:Religio Islamica]] [[li:Islam]] [[lt:Islamas]] [[lv:Islāms]] [[mk:Ислам]] [[ms:Islam]] [[nds:Islam]] [[nl:Islam]] [[nn:Islam]] [[no:Islam]] [[pl:Islam]] [[ps:اسلام]] [[pt:Islão]] [[ro:Islam]] [[ru:Ислам]] [[scn:Islam]] [[sco:Islam]] [[sd:اسلام]] [[sh:Islam]] [[simple:Islam]] [[sk:Islam]] [[sl:Islam]] [[sq:Feja Islame]] [[sr:Ислам]] [[su:Islam]] [[sv:Islam]] [[sw:Uislamu]] [[ta:இஸ்லாம்]] [[th:ศาสนาอิสลาม]] [[tl:Islam]] [[tr:İslam]] [[tt:Íslam]] [[uk:Іслам]] [[ur:اسلام]] [[vi:Hồi giáo]] [[wa:Islam]] [[yi:איסלאם]] [[zh:伊斯兰教]] 9972 2006-12-14T21:41:59Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: bar, fo, pdc, ru-sib, zh-classical Modifie: gd {{IslamS}} '''Islamu''' (na [[liarabi]] balobi ''Islam'' - لإسلام), to mpe '''[[Kimosulmani]]''', ezali moko okati ya barelijion misatu ya [[balandi nzambe moko]]. Lokola okati ya barelijion basusu babale - [[Boklísto]] na [[Boyúda]], [[mosulmani|bamosulmani]] (to mpe balandi Islamu) ba sambelaka nzambe oyo bato-mayele babengi '''nzambe ya Abalamu''' (''Ibrahim'' na kiarabi). [[category:relijió]] [[category:islamu]] [[af:Islam]] [[an:Islam]] [[ar:إسلام]] [[ast:Islam]] [[az:İslam]] [[ba:Ислам]] [[bar:Islam]] [[be:Іслам]] [[bg:Ислям]] [[bm:Sìlàmɛya]] [[bn:ইসলাম ধর্ম]] [[br:Islam]] [[bs:Islam]] [[ca:Islam]] [[cs:Islám]] [[cv:Ислам]] [[cy:Islam]] [[da:Islam]] [[de:Islam]] [[el:Ισλάμ]] [[en:Islam]] [[eo:Islamo]] [[es:Islam]] [[et:Islam]] [[eu:Islam]] [[fa:اسلام]] [[fi:Islam]] [[fo:Islam]] [[fr:Islam]] [[fur:Islam]] [[ga:Ioslam]] [[gd:Islam]] [[gl:Islam]] [[haw:Hoʻomana Mohameka]] [[he:אסלאם]] [[hi:इस्लाम धर्म]] [[hr:Islam]] [[hu:Iszlám]] [[ia:Islam]] [[id:Islam]] [[ilo:Islam]] [[io:Islamo]] [[is:Íslam]] [[it:Islam]] [[ja:イスラム教]] [[jbo:musyjda]] [[jv:Islam]] [[ka:ისლამი]] [[kn:ಇಸ್ಲಾಂ ಧರ್ಮ]] [[ko:이슬람교]] [[ku:Îslam]] [[kw:Islam]] [[la:Religio Islamica]] [[li:Islam]] [[lt:Islamas]] [[lv:Islāms]] [[mk:Ислам]] [[ms:Islam]] [[nds:Islam]] [[nl:Islam]] [[nn:Islam]] [[no:Islam]] [[pdc:Islaam]] [[pl:Islam]] [[ps:اسلام]] [[pt:Islão]] [[ro:Islam]] [[ru:Ислам]] [[ru-sib:Басурмансво]] [[scn:Islam]] [[sco:Islam]] [[sd:اسلام]] [[sh:Islam]] [[simple:Islam]] [[sk:Islam]] [[sl:Islam]] [[sq:Feja Islame]] [[sr:Ислам]] [[su:Islam]] [[sv:Islam]] [[sw:Uislamu]] [[ta:இஸ்லாம்]] [[th:ศาสนาอิสลาม]] [[tl:Islam]] [[tr:İslam]] [[tt:Íslam]] [[uk:Іслам]] [[ur:اسلام]] [[vi:Hồi giáo]] [[wa:Islam]] [[yi:איסלאם]] [[zh:伊斯兰教]] [[zh-classical:伊斯蘭教]] Boklísto 1691 5653 2005-07-25T00:50:25Z Themalau 22 {{KimokristoS}} '''Kimokristo''' (na [[lifalansé]] balobi ''[[:fr:Chistianisme|Chistianisme]]'') ezali relijion ya balandi Yesu ya Nazaleti. Relijion oyo ezui nkombo na yango, na nkombo ya moyángeli na yango ya liboso - Yesu - oyo ayebani mpe na nkombo ya '''mobikisi''', to mpe '''''Kristo''''' na [[kigresi]] (lokótá la [[Gresi]]). Kimokristo ezali mpe relijion moko okati ya barelijion misatu ya '''[[balandi nzambe moko]]'''. ('''[[Kimokristo]]''', '''[[Islamu]]''' na '''[[Kimoyuda]]'''. Lokola okati ya barelijion basusu babale, [[mokristo|bakristo]] basambelaka nzambe oyo bato-mayele babengi '''Nzambe ya Abalamu''' (''Abraham''). 5688 2005-07-25T03:54:43Z 199.8.238.219 {{KimokristoS}} '''Kimokristo''' (na [[lifalansé]] balobi ''[[:fr:Chistianisme|Chistianisme]]'') ezali relijion ya balandi Yesu ya Nazaleti. Relijion oyo ezui nkombo na yango, na nkombo ya moyángeli na yango ya liboso - Yesu - oyo ayebani mpe na nkombo ya '''mobikisi''', to mpe '''''Kristo''''' na [[kigresi]] (lokótá la [[Gresi]]). Kimokristo ezali mpe relijion moko okati ya barelijion misatu ya '''[[balandi nzambe moko]]'''. ('''[[Kimokristo]]''', '''[[Islamu]]''' na '''[[Kimoyuda]]'''. Lokola okati ya barelijion basusu babale, [[mokristo|bakristo]] basambelaka nzambe oyo bato-mayele babengi '''Nzambe ya Abalamu''' (''Abraham''). [[fr:Christianisme]][[en:Christianity]] 5737 2005-07-26T09:37:52Z Themalau 22 {{KimokristoS}} '''Kimokristo''' (na [[lifalansé]] balobi ''[[:fr:Christianisme|Chistianisme]]'') ezali relijion ya balandi Yesu ya Nazaleti. Relijion oyo ezui nkombo na yango, na nkombo ya moyángeli na yango ya liboso - Yesu - oyo ayebani mpe na nkombo ya '''mobikisi''', to mpe '''''Kristo''''' na [[kigresi]] (lokótá la [[Gresi]]). Kimokristo ezali mpe relijion moko okati ya barelijion misatu ya '''[[balandi nzambe moko]]'''. ('''[[Kimokristo]]''', '''[[Islamu]]''' na '''[[Kimoyuda]]'''. Lokola okati ya barelijion basusu babale, [[mokristo|bakristo]] basambelaka nzambe oyo bato-mayele babengi '''Nzambe ya Abalamu''' (''Abraham''). [[fr:Christianisme]][[en:Christianity]] 5738 2005-07-26T09:38:22Z Themalau 22 {{KimokristoS}} '''Kimokristo''' (na [[lifalansé]] balobi ''[[:fr:Christianisme|Christianisme]]'') ezali relijion ya balandi Yesu ya Nazaleti. Relijion oyo ezui nkombo na yango, na nkombo ya moyángeli na yango ya liboso - Yesu - oyo ayebani mpe na nkombo ya '''mobikisi''', to mpe '''''Kristo''''' na [[kigresi]] (lokótá la [[Gresi]]). Kimokristo ezali mpe relijion moko okati ya barelijion misatu ya '''[[balandi nzambe moko]]'''. ('''[[Kimokristo]]''', '''[[Islamu]]''' na '''[[Kimoyuda]]'''. Lokola okati ya barelijion basusu babale, [[mokristo|bakristo]] basambelaka nzambe oyo bato-mayele babengi '''Nzambe ya Abalamu''' (''Abraham''). [[fr:Christianisme]][[en:Christianity]] 5960 2005-08-01T20:18:13Z Moyogo 11 Kimokristo moved to Boklísto {{KimokristoS}} '''Kimokristo''' (na [[lifalansé]] balobi ''[[:fr:Christianisme|Christianisme]]'') ezali relijion ya balandi Yesu ya Nazaleti. Relijion oyo ezui nkombo na yango, na nkombo ya moyángeli na yango ya liboso - Yesu - oyo ayebani mpe na nkombo ya '''mobikisi''', to mpe '''''Kristo''''' na [[kigresi]] (lokótá la [[Gresi]]). Kimokristo ezali mpe relijion moko okati ya barelijion misatu ya '''[[balandi nzambe moko]]'''. ('''[[Kimokristo]]''', '''[[Islamu]]''' na '''[[Kimoyuda]]'''. Lokola okati ya barelijion basusu babale, [[mokristo|bakristo]] basambelaka nzambe oyo bato-mayele babengi '''Nzambe ya Abalamu''' (''Abraham''). [[fr:Christianisme]][[en:Christianity]] 5962 2005-08-01T20:21:47Z Moyogo 11 Boklísto {{KimokristoS}} '''Boklísto''' (na [[lifalansé]] balobi ''[[:fr:Christianisme|Christianisme]]'') ezali relizion ya balandi Yesu ya Nazaleti. Relizion oyo ezui nkombo na yango, na nkombo ya moyángeli na yango ya liboso - Yesu - oyo ayebani mpe na nkombo ya '''mobikisi''', to mpe '''''Kristo''''' na [[ligresi]] (lokótá la [[Gresi]]). Boklísto ezali mpe relizion moko okati ya barelizion misatu ya '''[[balandi nzámbe mɔ́kɔ́]]'''. ('''[[Boklísto]]''', '''[[Islamu]]''' na '''[[Boyúda]]'''. Lokola okati ya barelijion basusu babale, [[bakristo]] basambelaka nzambe oyo bato-mayele babengi '''Nzámbe ya Abalamu''' (''Abraham''). [[fr:Christianisme]][[en:Christianity]] 5981 2005-08-04T09:21:14Z Themalau 22 {{KimokristoS}} '''Boklísto''' (na [[lifalansé]] balobi ''[[:fr:Christianisme|Christianisme]]'') ezali relizion ya balandi Yesu ya Nazaleti. Relizion oyo ezui nkombo na yango, na nkombo ya moyángeli na yango ya liboso - Yesu - oyo ayebani mpe na nkombo ya '''mobikisi''', to mpe '''''Kristo''''' na [[ligresi]] (lokótá la [[Gresi]]). Boklísto ezali mpe relizion moko okati ya barelijion misatu ya '''[[balandi nzámbe mɔ́kɔ́]]'''. ('''[[Boklísto]]''', '''[[Islamu]]''' na '''[[Boyúda]]'''. Lokola okati ya barelijion basusu babale, [[bakristo]] basambelaka nzambe oyo bato-mayele babengi '''Nzámbe ya Abalamu''' (''Abraham''). [[fr:Christianisme]][[en:Christianity]] 6548 2005-10-18T12:39:42Z Bombo 12 cat {{KimokristoS}} '''Boklísto''' (na [[lifalansé]] balobi ''[[:fr:Christianisme|Christianisme]]'') ezali relizion ya balandi Yesu ya Nazaleti. Relizion oyo ezui nkombo na yango, na nkombo ya moyángeli na yango ya liboso - Yesu - oyo ayebani mpe na nkombo ya '''mobikisi''', to mpe '''''Kristo''''' na [[ligresi]] (lokótá la [[Gresi]]). Boklísto ezali mpe relizion moko okati ya barelijion misatu ya '''[[balandi nzámbe mɔ́kɔ́]]'''. ('''[[Boklísto]]''', '''[[Islamu]]''' na '''[[Boyúda]]'''. Lokola okati ya barelijion basusu babale, [[bakristo]] basambelaka nzambe oyo bato-mayele babengi '''Nzámbe ya Abalamu''' (''Abraham''). [[fr:Christianisme]][[en:Christianity]] [[category:relijion]] [[category:boklísto]] 6987 2005-11-23T11:22:57Z Bombo 12 Relijion -> relijió {{KimokristoS}} '''Boklísto''' (na [[lifalansé]] balobi ''[[:fr:Christianisme|Christianisme]]'') ezali relizion ya balandi Yesu ya Nazaleti. Relizion oyo ezui nkombo na yango, na nkombo ya moyángeli na yango ya liboso - Yesu - oyo ayebani mpe na nkombo ya '''mobikisi''', to mpe '''''Kristo''''' na [[ligresi]] (lokótá la [[Gresi]]). Boklísto ezali mpe relizion moko okati ya barelijion misatu ya '''[[balandi nzámbe mɔ́kɔ́]]'''. ('''[[Boklísto]]''', '''[[Islamu]]''' na '''[[Boyúda]]'''. Lokola okati ya barelijion basusu babale, [[bakristo]] basambelaka nzambe oyo bato-mayele babengi '''Nzámbe ya Abalamu''' (''Abraham''). [[fr:Christianisme]][[en:Christianity]] [[category:relijió]] [[category:boklísto]] 8131 2006-05-14T21:17:44Z Moyogo 11 {{KimokristoS}} '''Boklísto''' (na [[lifalansé]] balobi ''[[:fr:Christianisme|Christianisme]]'') ezalí relizion ya balandi [[Yésu]] ya Nazaleti. Relizion óyo ezwí nkómbo na yango, na nkómbo ya moyángeli na yango ya liboso - Yésu - oyo ayebani mpe na nkombo ya '''mobikisi''', to mpe '''''Kristo''''' na [[ligresi]] (lokótá la [[Gresi]]). Boklísto ezali mpe relizion moko okati ya barelijion misatu ya '''[[balandi nzámbe mɔ́kɔ́]]'''. ('''[[Boklísto]]''', '''[[Islamu]]''' na '''[[Boyúda]]'''. Lokola okati ya barelijion basusu babale, [[bakristo]] basambelaka nzambe oyo bato-mayele babengi '''Nzámbe ya Abalamu''' (''Abraham''). [[fr:Christianisme]][[en:Christianity]] [[category:relijió]] [[category:boklísto]] 8132 2006-05-14T21:21:25Z Moyogo 11 {{ndámbo}} {{KimokristoS}} '''Boklísto''' (tǒ '''bokrísto'', mpé na [[lifalansé]] balobi ''[[:fr:Christianisme|Christianisme]]'') ezalí relizion ya balandi [[Yésu]] ya Nazaleti. Relizion óyo ezwí nkómbo na yango, na nkómbo ya moyángeli na yango ya liboso - Yésu - óyo ayébaní mpé na nkómbo ya ''mobikisi'', to mpe ''Kristo'' na [[ligresi]] (lokótá la [[Gresi]]). Boklísto ezalí mpé relizion mɔ̌kɔ́ o kati ya barelijion mísató ya [[balandi nzámbe mɔ́kɔ́]] (boklísto, [[islamu]] na [[boyúda]]). Lokola o kati ya barelijion basúsu bábalé, [[bakristo]] basambelaka nzámbe óyo bato-mayɛ́lɛ babengi '''Nzámbe ya Abalamu''' (''Abraham''). [[fr:Christianisme]][[en:Christianity]] [[category:relijió]] [[category:boklísto]] 8134 2006-05-15T13:38:18Z Bombo 12 link {{ndámbo}} {{KimokristoS}} '''Boklísto''' (tǒ ''bokrísto'', mpé na [[lifalansé]] balobi ''[[:fr:Christianisme|christianisme]]'') ezalí relizion ya balandi [[Yésu]] ya [[Nazaleti]]. Relizion óyo ezwí nkómbo na yango, na nkómbo ya moyángeli na yango ya liboso - Yésu - óyo ayébaní mpé na nkómbo ya ''mobikisi'', to mpe ''Kristo'' na [[ligresi]] (lokótá la [[Gresi]]). Boklísto ezalí mpé relizion mɔ̌kɔ́ o kati ya barelijion mísató ya [[balandi nzámbe mɔ́kɔ́]] (boklísto, [[islamu]] na [[boyúda]]). Lokola o kati ya barelijion basúsu bábalé, [[bakristo]] basambelaka nzámbe óyo bato-mayɛ́lɛ babengi '''Nzámbe ya Abalamu''' (''Abraham''). [[fr:Christianisme]][[en:Christianity]] [[category:relijió]] [[category:boklísto]] 8142 2006-05-17T15:09:58Z Moyogo 11 {{ndámbo}} {{KimokristoS}} '''Boklísto''' (tǒ ''bokrísto'', mpé na [[lifalansé]] balobi ''[[:fr:Christianisme|christianisme]]'') ezalí relizion ya balandi [[Yésu ya Nazaleti]]. Relizion óyo ezwí nkómbo na yango, na nkómbo ya moyángeli na yango ya liboso - Yésu - óyo ayébaní mpé na nkómbo ya ''mobikisi'', to mpe ''Kristo'' na [[ligresi]] (lokótá la [[Gresi]]). Boklísto ezalí mpé relizion mɔ̌kɔ́ o kati ya barelijion mísató ya [[balandi nzámbe mɔ́kɔ́]] (boklísto, [[islamu]] na [[boyúda]]). Lokola o kati ya barelijion basúsu bábalé, [[bakristo]] basambelaka nzámbe óyo bato-mayɛ́lɛ babengi '''Nzámbe ya Abalamu''' (''Abraham''). [[fr:Christianisme]][[en:Christianity]] [[category:relijió]] [[category:boklísto]] 8143 2006-05-17T15:10:20Z Moyogo 11 {{ndámbo}} {{KimokristoS}} '''Boklísto''' (tǒ '''bokrísto''', mpé na [[lifalansé]] balobi ''[[:fr:Christianisme|christianisme]]'') ezalí relizion ya balandi [[Yésu]] ya [[Nazaleti]]. Relizion óyo ezwí nkómbo na yango, na nkómbo ya moyángeli na yango ya liboso - Yésu - óyo ayébaní mpé na nkómbo ya ''mobikisi'', to mpe ''Kristo'' na [[ligresi]] (lokótá la [[Gresi]]). Boklísto ezalí mpé relizion mɔ̌kɔ́ o kati ya barelijion mísató ya [[balandi nzámbe mɔ́kɔ́]] (boklísto, [[islamu]] na [[boyúda]]). Lokola o kati ya barelijion basúsu bábalé, [[bakristo]] basambelaka nzámbe óyo bato-mayɛ́lɛ babengi '''Nzámbe ya Abalamu''' (''Abraham''). [[fr:Christianisme]][[en:Christianity]] [[category:relijió]] [[category:boklísto]] 9230 2006-08-31T11:29:58Z Bombo 12 {{ndámbo}} {{KimokristoS}} '''Boklísto''' (tǒ '''bokrísto''', mpé na [[lifalansé]] balobi ''[[:fr:Christianisme|christianisme]]'') ezalí relizion ya balandi [[Yesu]] ya [[Nazaleti]]. Relizion óyo ezwí nkómbo na yango, na nkómbo ya moyángeli na yango ya liboso - Yésu - óyo ayébaní mpé na nkómbo ya ''mobikisi'', to mpe ''Kristo'' na [[ligresi]] (lokótá la [[Gresi]]). Boklísto ezalí mpé relizion mɔ̌kɔ́ o kati ya barelijion mísató ya [[balandi nzámbe mɔ́kɔ́]] (boklísto, [[islamu]] na [[boyúda]]). Lokola o kati ya barelijion basúsu bábalé, [[bakristo]] basambelaka nzámbe óyo bato-mayɛ́lɛ babengi '''Nzámbe ya Abalamu''' (''Abraham''). [[fr:Christianisme]][[en:Christianity]] [[category:relijió]] [[category:boklísto]] Template:KimokristoS 1692 5654 2005-07-25T00:54:16Z Themalau 22 {| class="WSerieV" id="WSerie_Christianisme" tableborder="1" cellspacing="0" style="padding: 0.3em; float:right; margin: 0px 0px 1em 1em; border:1px solid #999; border-bottom:2px solid; border-right-width: 2px; background:#BBCCCC; text-align:center;" {{Religions}} |- |[[Image:LatinCross.jpg|90px]]<br /><small>Oyo ezali ekakoli okati ya molongo etali</small><br />'''[[Kimokristo]]''' |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Fondements |- |[[Bible]] |- |[[Yesu-Kristo]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Acteurs |- |[[Apôtre]]s |- |[[Vierge Marie]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Pratiques |- |[[Baptême]] |- |[[Eucharistie]] |- |[[Losambo]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Événements et fêtes |- |[[Noël]] |- |[[Vendredi saint]] - [[Pâques]] |- |[[Ascension (événement)|Ascension]] - [[Pentecôte]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Bisika |- |[[Jérusalem]] |- |[[Bethléem]] - [[Nazareth]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Mouvements |- |[[Branches du christianisme]] |- |[[Catholicisme]] |- |[[Églises orthodoxes|Orthodoxie]] |- |[[Protestantisme]] |- |[[Anglicanisme]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Bakambi bingomba |- |[[Prêtre]] - [[Pope]] - [[Pasteur]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Bandaku ya Nzambe |- |[[Cathédrale]] |- |[[Basilique]] |- |[[Église]] |- |[[Temple]] |- |} 5965 2005-08-01T20:23:42Z Moyogo 11 Boklísto {| class="WSerieV" id="WSerie_Christianisme" tableborder="1" cellspacing="0" style="padding: 0.3em; float:right; margin: 0px 0px 1em 1em; border:1px solid #999; border-bottom:2px solid; border-right-width: 2px; background:#BBCCCC; text-align:center;" {{Religions}} |- |[[Image:LatinCross.jpg|90px]]<br /><small>Oyo ezali ekakoli okati ya molongo etali</small><br />'''[[Boklísto]]''' |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Fondements |- |[[Bible]] |- |[[Yesu-Kristo]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Acteurs |- |[[Apôtre]]s |- |[[Vierge Marie]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Pratiques |- |[[Baptême]] |- |[[Eucharistie]] |- |[[Losambo]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Événements et fêtes |- |[[Noël]] |- |[[Vendredi saint]] - [[Pâques]] |- |[[Ascension (événement)|Ascension]] - [[Pentecôte]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Bisika |- |[[Jérusalem]] |- |[[Bethléem]] - [[Nazareth]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Mouvements |- |[[Branches du christianisme]] |- |[[Catholicisme]] |- |[[Églises orthodoxes|Orthodoxie]] |- |[[Protestantisme]] |- |[[Anglicanisme]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Bakambi bingomba |- |[[Prêtre]] - [[Pope]] - [[Pasteur]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Bandaku ya Nzambe |- |[[Cathédrale]] |- |[[Basilique]] |- |[[Église]] |- |[[Temple]] |- |} 8130 2006-05-14T21:09:45Z Moyogo 11 {| class="WSerieV" id="WSerie_Christianisme" tableborder="1" cellspacing="0" style="padding: 0.3em; float:right; margin: 0px 0px 1em 1em; border:1px solid #999; border-bottom:2px solid; border-right-width: 2px; background:#BBCCCC; text-align:center;" {{Religions}} |- |[[Image:LatinCross.jpg|90px]]<br /><small>Oyo ezali ekakoli okati ya molongo etali</small><br />'''[[Boklísto]]''' |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Fondements |- |[[Bible]] |- |[[Yesu-Kristo]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Acteurs |- |[[Bapɔ́stɔlɔ]] |- |[[Vierge Marie]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Pratiques |- |[[Batísimu]] |- |[[Ukarístia]] |- |[[Losámbo]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Événements et fêtes |- |[[Mbótama (Yézu)|Mbótama]] |- |[[Vendredi saint]] - [[Ntingó (bakrístu)|Ntingó]] |- |[[Ascension (événement)|Ascension]] - [[Pentecôte]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Bisika |- |[[Jérusalem]] |- |[[Bethléem]] - [[Nazareth]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Mouvements |- |[[Branches du christianisme]] |- |[[Catholicisme]] |- |[[Églises orthodoxes|Orthodoxie]] |- |[[Protestantisme]] |- |[[Anglicanisme]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Bakambi bingomba |- |[[Prêtre]] - [[Pope]] - [[Pasteur]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Ndáko ya Nzámbe |- |[[Cathédrale]] |- |[[Basilique]] |- |[[Église]] |- |[[Temple]] |- |} 8133 2006-05-15T13:35:58Z Bombo 12 Bible>Biblíya {| class="WSerieV" id="WSerie_Christianisme" tableborder="1" cellspacing="0" style="padding: 0.3em; float:right; margin: 0px 0px 1em 1em; border:1px solid #999; border-bottom:2px solid; border-right-width: 2px; background:#BBCCCC; text-align:center;" {{Religions}} |- |[[Image:LatinCross.jpg|90px]]<br /><small>Oyo ezali ekakoli okati ya molongo etali</small><br />'''[[Boklísto]]''' |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Fondements |- |[[Biblíya]] |- |[[Yesu-Kristo]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Acteurs |- |[[Bapɔ́stɔlɔ]] |- |[[Vierge Marie]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Pratiques |- |[[Batísimu]] |- |[[Ukarístia]] |- |[[Losámbo]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Événements et fêtes |- |[[Mbótama (Yézu)|Mbótama]] |- |[[Vendredi saint]] - [[Ntingó (bakrístu)|Ntingó]] |- |[[Ascension (événement)|Ascension]] - [[Pentecôte]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Bisika |- |[[Jérusalem]] |- |[[Bethléem]] - [[Nazareth]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Mouvements |- |[[Branches du christianisme]] |- |[[Catholicisme]] |- |[[Églises orthodoxes|Orthodoxie]] |- |[[Protestantisme]] |- |[[Anglicanisme]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Bakambi bingomba |- |[[Prêtre]] - [[Pope]] - [[Pasteur]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Ndáko ya Nzámbe |- |[[Cathédrale]] |- |[[Basilique]] |- |[[Église]] |- |[[Temple]] |- |} 8135 2006-05-15T13:39:11Z Bombo 12 Nazareth>Nazaleti {| class="WSerieV" id="WSerie_Christianisme" tableborder="1" cellspacing="0" style="padding: 0.3em; float:right; margin: 0px 0px 1em 1em; border:1px solid #999; border-bottom:2px solid; border-right-width: 2px; background:#BBCCCC; text-align:center;" {{Religions}} |- |[[Image:LatinCross.jpg|90px]]<br /><small>Oyo ezali ekakoli okati ya molongo etali</small><br />'''[[Boklísto]]''' |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Fondements |- |[[Biblíya]] |- |[[Yesu-Kristo]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Acteurs |- |[[Bapɔ́stɔlɔ]] |- |[[Vierge Marie]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Pratiques |- |[[Batísimu]] |- |[[Ukarístia]] |- |[[Losámbo]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Événements et fêtes |- |[[Mbótama (Yézu)|Mbótama]] |- |[[Vendredi saint]] - [[Ntingó (bakrístu)|Ntingó]] |- |[[Ascension (événement)|Ascension]] - [[Pentecôte]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Bisika |- |[[Jérusalem]] |- |[[Bethléem]] - [[Nazaleti]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Mouvements |- |[[Branches du christianisme]] |- |[[Catholicisme]] |- |[[Églises orthodoxes|Orthodoxie]] |- |[[Protestantisme]] |- |[[Anglicanisme]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Bakambi bingomba |- |[[Prêtre]] - [[Pope]] - [[Pasteur]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Ndáko ya Nzámbe |- |[[Cathédrale]] |- |[[Basilique]] |- |[[Église]] |- |[[Temple]] |- |} 8360 2006-06-07T08:34:23Z Bombo 12 Betelemi; Yerusalemi {| class="WSerieV" id="WSerie_Christianisme" tableborder="1" cellspacing="0" style="padding: 0.3em; float:right; margin: 0px 0px 1em 1em; border:1px solid #999; border-bottom:2px solid; border-right-width: 2px; background:#BBCCCC; text-align:center;" {{Religions}} |- |[[Image:LatinCross.jpg|90px]]<br /><small>Oyo ezali ekakoli okati ya molongo etali</small><br />'''[[Boklísto]]''' |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Fondements |- |[[Biblíya]] |- |[[Yésu|Yésu-Kristo]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Acteurs |- |[[Bapɔ́stɔlɔ]] |- |[[Vierge Marie]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Pratiques |- |[[Batísimu]] |- |[[Ukarístia]] |- |[[Losámbo]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Événements et fêtes |- |[[Mbótama (Yésu)|Mbótama]] |- |[[Vendredi saint]] - [[Ntingó (bakrístu)|Ntingó]] |- |[[Ascension (événement)|Ascension]] - [[Pentecôte]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Bisika |- |[[Yerusalemi]] |- |[[Betelemi]] - [[Nazaleti]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Mouvements |- |[[Branches du christianisme]] |- |[[Catholicisme]] |- |[[Églises orthodoxes|Orthodoxie]] |- |[[Protestantisme]] |- |[[Anglicanisme]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Bakambi bingomba |- |[[Prêtre]] - [[Pope]] - [[Pasteur]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Ndáko ya Nzámbe |- |[[Cathédrale]] |- |[[Basilique]] |- |[[Église]] |- |[[Temple]] |- |} 8388 2006-06-13T06:11:48Z 84.189.217.221 {| class="WSerieV" id="WSerie_Christianisme" tableborder="1" cellspacing="0" style="padding: 0.3em; float:right; margin: 0px 0px 1em 1em; border:1px solid #999; border-bottom:2px solid; border-right-width: 2px; background:#BBCCCC; text-align:center;" {{Religions}} |- |[[Image:Latin Cross.svg|90px]]<br /><small>Oyo ezali ekakoli okati ya molongo etali</small><br />'''[[Boklísto]]''' |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Fondements |- |[[Biblíya]] |- |[[Yésu|Yésu-Kristo]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Acteurs |- |[[Bapɔ́stɔlɔ]] |- |[[Vierge Marie]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Pratiques |- |[[Batísimu]] |- |[[Ukarístia]] |- |[[Losámbo]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Événements et fêtes |- |[[Mbótama (Yésu)|Mbótama]] |- |[[Vendredi saint]] - [[Ntingó (bakrístu)|Ntingó]] |- |[[Ascension (événement)|Ascension]] - [[Pentecôte]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Bisika |- |[[Yerusalemi]] |- |[[Betelemi]] - [[Nazaleti]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Mouvements |- |[[Branches du christianisme]] |- |[[Catholicisme]] |- |[[Églises orthodoxes|Orthodoxie]] |- |[[Protestantisme]] |- |[[Anglicanisme]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Bakambi bingomba |- |[[Prêtre]] - [[Pope]] - [[Pasteur]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Ndáko ya Nzámbe |- |[[Cathédrale]] |- |[[Basilique]] |- |[[Église]] |- |[[Temple]] |- |} 9227 2006-08-31T11:22:12Z Bombo 12 typo Yésu -> Yesu {| class="WSerieV" id="WSerie_Christianisme" tableborder="1" cellspacing="0" style="padding: 0.3em; float:right; margin: 0px 0px 1em 1em; border:1px solid #999; border-bottom:2px solid; border-right-width: 2px; background:#BBCCCC; text-align:center;" {{Religions}} |- |[[Image:Latin Cross.svg|90px]]<br /><small>Oyo ezali ekakoli okati ya molongo etali</small><br />'''[[Boklísto]]''' |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Fondements |- |[[Biblíya]] |- |[[Yesu|Yesu Kristo]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Acteurs |- |[[Bapɔ́stɔlɔ]] |- |[[Vierge Marie]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Pratiques |- |[[Batísimu]] |- |[[Ukarístia]] |- |[[Losámbo]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Événements et fêtes |- |[[Mbótama (Yésu)|Mbótama]] |- |[[Vendredi saint]] - [[Ntingó (bakrístu)|Ntingó]] |- |[[Ascension (événement)|Ascension]] - [[Pentecôte]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Bisika |- |[[Yerusalemi]] |- |[[Betelemi]] - [[Nazaleti]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Mouvements |- |[[Branches du christianisme]] |- |[[Catholicisme]] |- |[[Églises orthodoxes|Orthodoxie]] |- |[[Protestantisme]] |- |[[Anglicanisme]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Bakambi bingomba |- |[[Prêtre]] - [[Pope]] - [[Pasteur]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Ndáko ya Nzámbe |- |[[Cathédrale]] |- |[[Basilique]] |- |[[Église]] |- |[[Temple]] |- |} 9670 2006-11-07T22:29:48Z 84.75.123.252 {| class="WSerieV" id="WSerie_Christianisme" tableborder="1" cellspacing="0" style="padding: 0.3em; float:right; margin: 0px 0px 1em 1em; border:1px solid #999; border-bottom:2px solid; border-right-width: 2px; background:#BBCCCC; text-align:center;" {{Religions}} |- |[[Image:Latin Cross.svg|90px]]<br /><small>Oyo ezali ekakoli okati ya molongo etali</small><br />'''[[Boklísto]]''' |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Fondements |- |[[Biblíya]] |- |[[Yesu|Yesu Kristo]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Acteurs |- |[[Bapɔ́stɔlɔ]] |- |[[Vierge Marie]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Pratiques |- |[[Batísimu]] |- |[[Ukarístia]] |- |[[Losámbo]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Événements et fêtes |- |[[Mbótama (Yésu)|Mbótama]] |- |[[Vendredi saint]] - [[Ntingó (bakrístu)|Ntingó]] |- |[[Ascension (événement)|Ascension]] - [[Pantekote]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Bisika |- |[[Yerusalemi]] |- |[[Betelemi]] - [[Nazaleti]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Mouvements |- |[[Branches du christianisme]] |- |[[Katolike]] |- |[[Églises orthodoxes|Orthodoxie]] |- |[[Misioni]] <!-- Protestantisme --> |- |[[Anglicanisme]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Bakambi bingomba |- |[[Prêtre]] - [[Pope]] - [[Pasteur]] |- |bgcolor="#F6E6AE"|Ndáko ya Nzámbe |- |[[Cathédrale]] |- |[[Basilique]] |- |[[Église]] |- |[[Temple]] |- |} Liarabi 1693 5656 2005-07-25T00:57:00Z Themalau 22 [[category:Nkotá]] 5657 2005-07-25T00:57:32Z Themalau 22 [[category:nkotá]] 5658 2005-07-25T00:58:54Z Themalau 22 [[category:Lokótá]] 5659 2005-07-25T01:00:52Z Themalau 22 [[category:Lokótá]] '''Kiarabi''' ezali lokótá elobami na bikolo mingi okati ya Asia-Pene (to Moyen Orient). {{ndambo}} 6205 2005-09-10T05:38:03Z Themalau 22 Kiarabi moved to Liarabi [[category:Lokótá]] '''Kiarabi''' ezali lokótá elobami na bikolo mingi okati ya Asia-Pene (to Moyen Orient). {{ndambo}} 6207 2005-09-10T05:38:57Z Themalau 22 [[category:Lokótá]] '''Liarabi''' ezali lokótá elobami na bikolo mingi okati ya Asia-Pene (to Moyen Orient). {{ndambo}} 7339 2005-12-13T13:28:03Z 160.85.2.50 '''Liarabi''' ezali lokótá elobami na bikolo mingi okati ya Asia-Pene (to Moyen Orient). {{ndambo}} [[category:Lokótá]] [[category:Nkotá ya mokili]] Category:Ndámbo 1694 5660 2005-07-25T01:02:53Z Themalau 22 Trouvez dans cette categories, tous les articles qui ont encore besoin d'etre dévelopés. Awa okokuta bikakoli nionso oyo esengeli kobalusa, po esila kosila. 5661 2005-07-25T01:03:13Z Themalau 22 Trouvez dans cette catégorie, tous les articles qui ont encore besoin d'etre dévelopés. Awa okokuta bikakoli nionso oyo esengeli kobalusa, po esila kosila. 7331 2005-12-13T13:16:31Z 160.85.2.50 category:Wikipedia Trouvez dans cette catégorie, tous les articles qui ont encore besoin d'etre dévelopés. Awa okokuta bikakoli nionso oyo esengeli kobalusa, po esila kosila. [[Category:Wikipedia]] Opozision 1695 5667 2005-07-25T01:24:41Z Themalau 22 '''Opozision''' ebengami bato mpe [[parti|baparti]] oyo bamipesi na mosala ya bokambi ekolo - to mpe '''[[politiki]]''', kasi bazali na '''[[kimokonzi]]''' te. Bato mpe baparti ya opozision babengami mpe bongo, po bakeseni na makanisi mpe na politiki na (ba)parti oyo ezali na kimokonzi. Likókí ekutanaka mingi koleka na bikolo oyo bazali - to bazali koluka kozala -na '''[[demokrasi]]'''. {{ndambo}} 5668 2005-07-25T01:24:57Z Themalau 22 '''Opozision''' ebengami bato mpe [[parti|baparti]] oyo bamipesi na mosala ya bokambi ekolo - to mpe '''[[politiki]]''', kasi bazali na '''[[kimokonzi]]''' te. Bato mpe baparti ya opozision babengami mpe bongo, po bakeseni na makanisi mpe na politiki na (ba)parti oyo ezali na kimokonzi. Likókí ekutanaka mingi koleka na bikolo oyo bazali - to bazali koluka kozala - na '''[[demokrasi]]'''. {{ndambo}} 5669 2005-07-25T01:26:23Z Themalau 22 '''Opozision''' ebengami bato mpe [[parti|baparti]] oyo bamipesi na mosala ya bokambi ekolo - to mpe '''[[politiki]]''', kasi bazali na '''[[kimokonzi]]''' te. Bato mpe baparti ya opozision babengami mpe bongo, po bakeseni na makanisi mpe na politiki na (ba)parti oyo ezali na kimokonzi. '''[[Likókí]]''' ya kozala na opozision okati ya misala ya bulamatari, ekutanaka mingi koleka na bikolo oyo bazali - to bazali koluka kozala - na '''[[demokrasi]]'''. {{ndambo}} 7026 2005-11-25T18:17:05Z 129.132.1.4 category '''Opozision''' ebengami bato mpe [[parti|baparti]] oyo bamipesi na mosala ya bokambi ekolo - to mpe '''[[politiki]]''', kasi bazali na '''[[kimokonzi]]''' te. Bato mpe baparti ya opozision babengami mpe bongo, po bakeseni na makanisi mpe na politiki na (ba)parti oyo ezali na kimokonzi. '''[[Likókí]]''' ya kozala na opozision okati ya misala ya bulamatari, ekutanaka mingi koleka na bikolo oyo bazali - to bazali koluka kozala - na '''[[demokrasi]]'''. {{ndambo}} [[Category:Politiki]] 7027 2005-11-25T18:22:42Z 129.132.1.4 category '''Opozision''' ebengami bato mpe [[parti|baparti]] oyo bamipesi na mosala ya bokambi ekolo - to mpe '''[[politiki]]''', kasi bazali na '''[[kimokonzi]]''' te. Bato mpe baparti ya opozision babengami mpe bongo, po bakeseni na makanisi mpe na politiki na (ba)parti oyo ezali na kimokonzi. '''[[Likókí]]''' ya kozala na opozision okati ya misala ya bulamatari, ekutanaka mingi koleka na bikolo oyo bazali - to bazali koluka kozala - na '''[[demokrasi]]'''. {{ndambo}} [[Category:Lisangá]] 9081 2006-08-08T21:57:03Z Bombo 12 '''Opozision''' ebengami bato mpé [[parti|baparti]] oyo bamipesi na mosala ya bokambi ekolo - to mpé '''[[politiki]]''', kasi bazali na '''[[kimokonzi]]''' te. Bato mpé baparti ya opozision babengami mpé bongo, po bakeseni na makanisi mpé na politiki na (ba)parti oyo ezali na kimokonzi. '''[[Likókí]]''' ya kozala na opozision okati ya misala ya bulamatari, ekutanaka mingi koleka na bikolo oyo bazali - to bazali koluka kozala - na '''[[demokrasi]]'''. {{ndambo}} [[Category:Lisangá]] Ligresi 1696 5673 2005-07-25T01:32:12Z Themalau 22 [[category:lokótá]] 5674 2005-07-25T01:32:38Z Themalau 22 [[category:lokótá]] {{ndambo}} 6040 2005-08-29T19:52:37Z Themalau 22 Kigresi moved to Ligresi [[category:lokótá]] {{ndambo}} 9158 2006-08-24T15:29:07Z 80.218.17.191 interwiki {{ndambo}} [[category:lokótá]] [[af:Grieks (taal)]] [[als:Griechische Sprache]] [[ast:Griegu]] [[be:Грэцкая мова]] [[bg:Гръцки език]] [[br:Gresianeg]] [[ca:Grec]] [[cs:Řečtina]] [[da:Græsk (sprog)]] [[de:Griechische Sprache]] [[el:Ελληνική γλώσσα]] [[en:Modern Greek]] [[eo:Greka lingvo]] [[es:Turco]] [[et:Kreeka keel]] [[fi:Kreikan kieli]] [[gl:Grego antigo]] [[he:יוונית]] [[hu:Görög nyelv]] [[ia:Lingua grec]] [[id:Bahasa Yunani]] [[is:Gríska]] [[it:Lingua greca]] [[ja:ギリシア語]] [[ka:ბერძნული ენა]] [[ko:그리스어]] [[kw:Grew]] [[la:Lingua Graeca]] [[lb:Griichesch]] [[lv:Jaungrieķu valoda]] [[mk:Грчки јазик]] [[ms:Bahasa Greek]] [[nds:Greeksche Spraak]] [[nl:Grieks]] [[nn:Gresk språk]] [[no:Gresk språk]] [[oc:Grègo]] [[pl:Język grecki]] [[pt:Língua grega]] [[ro:Limba greacă]] [[ru:Греческий язык]] [[simple:Greek]] [[sl:Grščina]] [[sr:Грчки језик]] [[sv:Grekiska]] [[th:ภาษากรีก]] [[tl:Wikang Griyego]] [[vi:Tiếng Hy Lạp]] [[zh:希腊语]] Liébeleo 1697 5675 2005-07-25T01:34:12Z Themalau 22 [[category:Lokótá]] {{ndambo}} 7844 2006-03-10T17:52:23Z Bombo 12 interwiki, Nkásá o libándá [[category:Lokótá]] ==Nkásá o libándá== * http://www.stanford.edu/class/hebrew/hsa/index.html Cours video, Université ya Stanford {{ndambo}} [[ang:Hebrēisc sprǣc]] [[ar:لغة عبرية]] [[bg:Иврит]] [[br:Hebraeg]] [[bs:Hebrejski jezik]] [[ca:Hebreu]] [[cs:Hebrejština]] [[cy:Hebraeg]] [[da:Hebraisk (sprog)]] [[el:Εβραϊκή γλώσσα]] [[en:Hebrew language]] [[eo:Hebrea lingvo]] [[es:Idioma hebreo]] [[et:Heebrea keel]] [[fa:عبری]] [[fi:Heprea]] [[fr:Hébreu]] [[gl:Lingua hebrea]] [[he:עברית]] [[hu:Ivrit nyelv]] [[ia:Hebreo]] [[id:Bahasa Ibrani]] [[it:Lingua ebraica]] [[ja:ヘブライ語]] [[ko:히브리어]] [[kw:Ebrow]] [[lad:Idioma ebreo]] [[li:Hebreeuws]] [[nds:Hebrääsche Spraak]] [[nl:Hebreeuws]] [[nn:Hebraisk språk]] [[no:Hebraisk språk]] [[pl:Język hebrajski]] [[pt:Língua hebraica]] [[ro:Limba ebraică]] [[ru:Иврит]] [[sh:Hebrejski jezik]] [[simple:Hebrew language]] [[sk:Hebrejčina]] [[sl:Hebrejščina]] [[sr:Хебрејски језик]] [[sv:Hebreiska]] [[th:ภาษาฮีบรู]] [[tl:Wikang Hebreo]] [[tr:İbranice]] [[uk:Гебрейська мова]] [[yi:העברעיש]] [[zh:希伯来语]] 7967 2006-04-05T04:50:10Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: de, hi, la, ms [[category:Lokótá]] ==Nkásá o libándá== * http://www.stanford.edu/class/hebrew/hsa/index.html Cours video, Université ya Stanford {{ndambo}} [[ang:Hebrēisc sprǣc]] [[ar:لغة عبرية]] [[bg:Иврит]] [[br:Hebraeg]] [[bs:Hebrejski jezik]] [[ca:Hebreu]] [[cs:Hebrejština]] [[cy:Hebraeg]] [[da:Hebraisk (sprog)]] [[de:Hebräische Sprache]] [[el:Εβραϊκή γλώσσα]] [[en:Hebrew language]] [[eo:Hebrea lingvo]] [[es:Idioma hebreo]] [[et:Heebrea keel]] [[fa:عبری]] [[fi:Heprea]] [[fr:Hébreu]] [[gl:Lingua hebrea]] [[he:עברית]] [[hi:इब्रानी]] [[hu:Ivrit nyelv]] [[ia:Hebreo]] [[id:Bahasa Ibrani]] [[it:Lingua ebraica]] [[ja:ヘブライ語]] [[ko:히브리어]] [[kw:Ebrow]] [[la:Lingua Hebraica]] [[lad:Idioma ebreo]] [[li:Hebreeuws]] [[ms:Bahasa Ibrani]] [[nds:Hebrääsche Spraak]] [[nl:Hebreeuws]] [[nn:Hebraisk språk]] [[no:Hebraisk språk]] [[pl:Język hebrajski]] [[pt:Língua hebraica]] [[ro:Limba ebraică]] [[ru:Иврит]] [[sh:Hebrejski jezik]] [[simple:Hebrew language]] [[sk:Hebrejčina]] [[sl:Hebrejščina]] [[sr:Хебрејски језик]] [[sv:Hebreiska]] [[th:ภาษาฮีบรู]] [[tl:Wikang Hebreo]] [[tr:İbranice]] [[uk:Гебрейська мова]] [[yi:העברעיש]] [[zh:希伯来语]] 8018 2006-04-15T23:47:14Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: gd [[category:Lokótá]] ==Nkásá o libándá== * http://www.stanford.edu/class/hebrew/hsa/index.html Cours video, Université ya Stanford {{ndambo}} [[ang:Hebrēisc sprǣc]] [[ar:لغة عبرية]] [[bg:Иврит]] [[br:Hebraeg]] [[bs:Hebrejski jezik]] [[ca:Hebreu]] [[cs:Hebrejština]] [[cy:Hebraeg]] [[da:Hebraisk (sprog)]] [[de:Hebräische Sprache]] [[el:Εβραϊκή γλώσσα]] [[en:Hebrew language]] [[eo:Hebrea lingvo]] [[es:Idioma hebreo]] [[et:Heebrea keel]] [[fa:عبری]] [[fi:Heprea]] [[fr:Hébreu]] [[gd:Eabhra]] [[gl:Lingua hebrea]] [[he:עברית]] [[hi:इब्रानी]] [[hu:Ivrit nyelv]] [[ia:Hebreo]] [[id:Bahasa Ibrani]] [[it:Lingua ebraica]] [[ja:ヘブライ語]] [[ko:히브리어]] [[kw:Ebrow]] [[la:Lingua Hebraica]] [[lad:Idioma ebreo]] [[li:Hebreeuws]] [[ms:Bahasa Ibrani]] [[nds:Hebrääsche Spraak]] [[nl:Hebreeuws]] [[nn:Hebraisk språk]] [[no:Hebraisk språk]] [[pl:Język hebrajski]] [[pt:Língua hebraica]] [[ro:Limba ebraică]] [[ru:Иврит]] [[sh:Hebrejski jezik]] [[simple:Hebrew language]] [[sk:Hebrejčina]] [[sl:Hebrejščina]] [[sr:Хебрејски језик]] [[sv:Hebreiska]] [[th:ภาษาฮีบรู]] [[tl:Wikang Hebreo]] [[tr:İbranice]] [[uk:Гебрейська мова]] [[yi:העברעיש]] [[zh:希伯来语]] Lingɛlɛ́sa 1698 5686 2005-07-25T02:28:44Z Themalau 22 [[category:Lokótá]] {{ndambo}} 5870 2005-07-31T08:50:18Z Moyogo 11 +{{InterWiki|code=en}} [[category:Lokótá]] {{ndambo}} {{InterWiki|code=en}} 5946 2005-08-01T19:16:09Z Themalau 22 Lingɛlɛsa moved to Lingɛlɛsi [[category:Lokótá]] {{ndambo}} {{InterWiki|code=en}} 6594 2005-10-27T10:20:51Z Bombo 12 interwiki [[category:Lokótá]] {{ndambo}} {{InterWiki|code=en}} [[de:Englische Sprache]] [[en:English language]] 6696 2005-11-05T13:28:34Z Moyogo 11 Lingɛlɛsi moved to Lingɛlɛ́sa [[category:Lokótá]] {{ndambo}} {{InterWiki|code=en}} [[de:Englische Sprache]] [[en:English language]] 7831 2006-03-10T17:04:09Z Bombo 12 '''Lingɛlɛ́sa''' ezalí [[lokótá]] ya bato ba [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] mpé ba [[Lisanga ya Amerika]]. Lingɛlɛ́sa ezalí [[lokóta ya Leta]] ba Kenya mpe ba Uganda. {{ndambo}} [[category:Lokótá]] {{InterWiki|code=en}} [[de:Englische Sprache]] [[en:English language]] 8011 2006-04-15T23:23:52Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: af, als, am, an, ang, ar, ast, be, bg, br, bs, ca, cs, cv, cy, da, el, eo, es, et, eu, fa, fi, fr, ga, gd, gl, got, gu, he, hi, hu, hy, ia, id, ilo, io, is, it, iu, ja, jbo, jv, ka, ko, ku, kw, la, lb, li, lt, lv, mg, mk, ms, nah, nds, '''Lingɛlɛ́sa''' ezalí [[lokótá]] ya bato ba [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] mpé ba [[Lisanga ya Amerika]]. Lingɛlɛ́sa ezalí [[lokóta ya Leta]] ba Kenya mpe ba Uganda. {{ndambo}} [[category:Lokótá]] {{InterWiki|code=en}} [[af:Engels (taal)]] [[als:Englische Sprache]] [[am:እንግሊዝኛ]] [[an:Idioma anglés]] [[ang:Nīwu Englisc sprǣc]] [[ar:لغة إنجليزية]] [[ast:Inglés]] [[be:Ангельская мова]] [[bg:Английски език]] [[br:Saozneg]] [[bs:Engleski jezik]] [[ca:Anglès]] [[cs:Angličtina]] [[cv:Aкăлчaн чĕлхи]] [[cy:Saesneg]] [[da:Engelsk (sprog)]] [[de:Englische Sprache]] [[el:Αγγλική γλώσσα]] [[en:English language]] [[eo:Angla lingvo]] [[es:Idioma inglés]] [[et:Inglise keel]] [[eu:Ingeles]] [[fa:زبان انگلیسی]] [[fi:Englannin kieli]] [[fr:Anglais]] [[ga:Béarla]] [[gd:A' Bheurla]] [[gl:Lingua inglesa]] [[got:𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰]] [[gu:અંગ્રેજી ભાષા]] [[he:אנגלית]] [[hi:अंग्रेज़ी]] [[hu:Angol nyelv]] [[hy:Անգլերեն]] [[ia:Anglese]] [[id:Bahasa Inggris]] [[ilo:Pagsasao nga English]] [[io:Angliana linguo]] [[is:Enska]] [[it:Lingua inglese]] [[iu:ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑎᑐᑦ]] [[ja:英語]] [[jbo:glibau]] [[jv:Basa Inggris]] [[ka:ინგლისური ენა]] [[ko:영어]] [[ku:Zimanê îngilîzî]] [[kw:Sowsnek]] [[la:Lingua Anglica]] [[lb:Englesch]] [[li:Ingels]] [[lt:Anglų kalba]] [[lv:Angļu valoda]] [[mg:Anglisy fiteny]] [[mk:Англиски јазик]] [[ms:Bahasa Inggeris]] [[nah:Inglestlahtoli]] [[nds:Ingelsch]] [[nl:Engels]] [[nn:Engelsk språk]] [[no:Engelsk språk]] [[nrm:Angliais]] [[nv:Bilagáana bizaad]] [[oc:Anglés]] [[pdc:Englisch]] [[pi:Āngalabhāsā]] [[pl:Język angielski]] [[pt:Língua inglesa]] [[ro:Limba engleză]] [[ru:Английский язык]] [[sco:Inglis leid]] [[se:Eaŋgalsgiella]] [[sh:Engleski jezik]] [[simple:English language]] [[sk:Angličtina]] [[sl:Angleščina]] [[sq:Gjuha Angleze]] [[sr:Енглески језик]] [[sv:Engelska]] [[sw:Kiingereza]] [[ta:ஆங்கிலம்]] [[th:ภาษาอังกฤษ]] [[tl:Wikang Ingles]] [[tpi:Tok Inglis]] [[tr:İngilizce]] [[uk:Англійська мова]] [[vi:Tiếng Anh]] [[zh:英语]] [[zh-min-nan:Eng-gí]] [[zh-yue:英語]] 8305 2006-05-29T20:35:00Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: rm, st, ug, xh Modifie: cv, nds '''Lingɛlɛ́sa''' ezalí [[lokótá]] ya bato ba [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] mpé ba [[Lisanga ya Amerika]]. Lingɛlɛ́sa ezalí [[lokóta ya Leta]] ba Kenya mpe ba Uganda. {{ndambo}} [[category:Lokótá]] {{InterWiki|code=en}} [[af:Engels (taal)]] [[als:Englische Sprache]] [[am:እንግሊዝኛ]] [[an:Idioma anglés]] [[ang:Nīwu Englisc sprǣc]] [[ar:لغة إنجليزية]] [[ast:Inglés]] [[be:Ангельская мова]] [[bg:Английски език]] [[br:Saozneg]] [[bs:Engleski jezik]] [[ca:Anglès]] [[cs:Angličtina]] [[cv:Акăлчан чĕлхи]] [[cy:Saesneg]] [[da:Engelsk (sprog)]] [[de:Englische Sprache]] [[el:Αγγλική γλώσσα]] [[en:English language]] [[eo:Angla lingvo]] [[es:Idioma inglés]] [[et:Inglise keel]] [[eu:Ingeles]] [[fa:زبان انگلیسی]] [[fi:Englannin kieli]] [[fr:Anglais]] [[ga:Béarla]] [[gd:A' Bheurla]] [[gl:Lingua inglesa]] [[got:𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰]] [[gu:અંગ્રેજી ભાષા]] [[he:אנגלית]] [[hi:अंग्रेज़ी]] [[hu:Angol nyelv]] [[hy:Անգլերեն]] [[ia:Anglese]] [[id:Bahasa Inggris]] [[ilo:Pagsasao nga English]] [[io:Angliana linguo]] [[is:Enska]] [[it:Lingua inglese]] [[iu:ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑎᑐᑦ]] [[ja:英語]] [[jbo:glibau]] [[jv:Basa Inggris]] [[ka:ინგლისური ენა]] [[ko:영어]] [[ku:Zimanê îngilîzî]] [[kw:Sowsnek]] [[la:Lingua Anglica]] [[lb:Englesch]] [[li:Ingels]] [[lt:Anglų kalba]] [[lv:Angļu valoda]] [[mg:Anglisy fiteny]] [[mk:Англиски јазик]] [[ms:Bahasa Inggeris]] [[nah:Inglestlahtoli]] [[nds:Engelsche Spraak]] [[nl:Engels]] [[nn:Engelsk språk]] [[no:Engelsk språk]] [[nrm:Angliais]] [[nv:Bilagáana bizaad]] [[oc:Anglés]] [[pdc:Englisch]] [[pi:Āngalabhāsā]] [[pl:Język angielski]] [[pt:Língua inglesa]] [[rm:Lingua englaisa]] [[ro:Limba engleză]] [[ru:Английский язык]] [[sco:Inglis leid]] [[se:Eaŋgalsgiella]] [[sh:Engleski jezik]] [[simple:English language]] [[sk:Angličtina]] [[sl:Angleščina]] [[sq:Gjuha Angleze]] [[sr:Енглески језик]] [[st:Senyesemane]] [[sv:Engelska]] [[sw:Kiingereza]] [[ta:ஆங்கிலம்]] [[th:ภาษาอังกฤษ]] [[tl:Wikang Ingles]] [[tpi:Tok Inglis]] [[tr:İngilizce]] [[ug:ئىنگلىز تىلى]] [[uk:Англійська мова]] [[vi:Tiếng Anh]] [[xh:IsiNgesi]] [[zh:英语]] [[zh-min-nan:Eng-gí]] [[zh-yue:英語]] 8428 2006-06-15T03:55:08Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: arc, az, nap, nds-nl, scn '''Lingɛlɛ́sa''' ezalí [[lokótá]] ya bato ba [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] mpé ba [[Lisanga ya Amerika]]. Lingɛlɛ́sa ezalí [[lokóta ya Leta]] ba Kenya mpe ba Uganda. {{ndambo}} [[category:Lokótá]] {{InterWiki|code=en}} [[af:Engels (taal)]] [[als:Englische Sprache]] [[am:እንግሊዝኛ]] [[an:Idioma anglés]] [[ang:Nīwu Englisc sprǣc]] [[ar:لغة إنجليزية]] [[arc:ܥܢܓܠܝܼܙܝܼ]] [[ast:Inglés]] [[az:İngilis dili]] [[be:Ангельская мова]] [[bg:Английски език]] [[br:Saozneg]] [[bs:Engleski jezik]] [[ca:Anglès]] [[cs:Angličtina]] [[cv:Акăлчан чĕлхи]] [[cy:Saesneg]] [[da:Engelsk (sprog)]] [[de:Englische Sprache]] [[el:Αγγλική γλώσσα]] [[en:English language]] [[eo:Angla lingvo]] [[es:Idioma inglés]] [[et:Inglise keel]] [[eu:Ingeles]] [[fa:زبان انگلیسی]] [[fi:Englannin kieli]] [[fr:Anglais]] [[ga:Béarla]] [[gd:A' Bheurla]] [[gl:Lingua inglesa]] [[got:𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰]] [[gu:અંગ્રેજી ભાષા]] [[he:אנגלית]] [[hi:अंग्रेज़ी]] [[hu:Angol nyelv]] [[hy:Անգլերեն]] [[ia:Anglese]] [[id:Bahasa Inggris]] [[ilo:Pagsasao nga English]] [[io:Angliana linguo]] [[is:Enska]] [[it:Lingua inglese]] [[iu:ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑎᑐᑦ]] [[ja:英語]] [[jbo:glibau]] [[jv:Basa Inggris]] [[ka:ინგლისური ენა]] [[ko:영어]] [[ku:Zimanê îngilîzî]] [[kw:Sowsnek]] [[la:Lingua Anglica]] [[lb:Englesch]] [[li:Ingels]] [[lt:Anglų kalba]] [[lv:Angļu valoda]] [[mg:Anglisy fiteny]] [[mk:Англиски јазик]] [[ms:Bahasa Inggeris]] [[nah:Inglestlahtoli]] [[nap:Lengua ngrese]] [[nds:Engelsche Spraak]] [[nds-nl:Ingels]] [[nl:Engels]] [[nn:Engelsk språk]] [[no:Engelsk språk]] [[nrm:Angliais]] [[nv:Bilagáana bizaad]] [[oc:Anglés]] [[pdc:Englisch]] [[pi:Āngalabhāsā]] [[pl:Język angielski]] [[pt:Língua inglesa]] [[rm:Lingua englaisa]] [[ro:Limba engleză]] [[ru:Английский язык]] [[scn:Lingua ngrisa]] [[sco:Inglis leid]] [[se:Eaŋgalsgiella]] [[sh:Engleski jezik]] [[simple:English language]] [[sk:Angličtina]] [[sl:Angleščina]] [[sq:Gjuha Angleze]] [[sr:Енглески језик]] [[st:Senyesemane]] [[sv:Engelska]] [[sw:Kiingereza]] [[ta:ஆங்கிலம்]] [[th:ภาษาอังกฤษ]] [[tl:Wikang Ingles]] [[tpi:Tok Inglis]] [[tr:İngilizce]] [[ug:ئىنگلىز تىلى]] [[uk:Англійська мова]] [[vi:Tiếng Anh]] [[xh:IsiNgesi]] [[zh:英语]] [[zh-min-nan:Eng-gí]] [[zh-yue:英語]] 8889 2006-07-13T13:26:35Z Moyogo 11 '''Lingɛlɛ́sa''' ezalí [[lokótá]] ya bato ba [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] mpé ba [[Lisanga ya Amerika]]. Lingɛlɛ́sa ezalí [[lokótá ya Lɛ́ta]] ba Kenya mpé ba Uganda. {{ndambo}} [[category:Lokótá]] {{InterWiki|code=en}} [[af:Engels (taal)]] [[als:Englische Sprache]] [[am:እንግሊዝኛ]] [[an:Idioma anglés]] [[ang:Nīwu Englisc sprǣc]] [[ar:لغة إنجليزية]] [[arc:ܥܢܓܠܝܼܙܝܼ]] [[ast:Inglés]] [[az:İngilis dili]] [[be:Ангельская мова]] [[bg:Английски език]] [[br:Saozneg]] [[bs:Engleski jezik]] [[ca:Anglès]] [[cs:Angličtina]] [[cv:Акăлчан чĕлхи]] [[cy:Saesneg]] [[da:Engelsk (sprog)]] [[de:Englische Sprache]] [[el:Αγγλική γλώσσα]] [[en:English language]] [[eo:Angla lingvo]] [[es:Idioma inglés]] [[et:Inglise keel]] [[eu:Ingeles]] [[fa:زبان انگلیسی]] [[fi:Englannin kieli]] [[fr:Anglais]] [[ga:Béarla]] [[gd:A' Bheurla]] [[gl:Lingua inglesa]] [[got:𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰]] [[gu:અંગ્રેજી ભાષા]] [[he:אנגלית]] [[hi:अंग्रेज़ी]] [[hu:Angol nyelv]] [[hy:Անգլերեն]] [[ia:Anglese]] [[id:Bahasa Inggris]] [[ilo:Pagsasao nga English]] [[io:Angliana linguo]] [[is:Enska]] [[it:Lingua inglese]] [[iu:ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑎᑐᑦ]] [[ja:英語]] [[jbo:glibau]] [[jv:Basa Inggris]] [[ka:ინგლისური ენა]] [[ko:영어]] [[ku:Zimanê îngilîzî]] [[kw:Sowsnek]] [[la:Lingua Anglica]] [[lb:Englesch]] [[li:Ingels]] [[lt:Anglų kalba]] [[lv:Angļu valoda]] [[mg:Anglisy fiteny]] [[mk:Англиски јазик]] [[ms:Bahasa Inggeris]] [[nah:Inglestlahtoli]] [[nap:Lengua ngrese]] [[nds:Engelsche Spraak]] [[nds-nl:Ingels]] [[nl:Engels]] [[nn:Engelsk språk]] [[no:Engelsk språk]] [[nrm:Angliais]] [[nv:Bilagáana bizaad]] [[oc:Anglés]] [[pdc:Englisch]] [[pi:Āngalabhāsā]] [[pl:Język angielski]] [[pt:Língua inglesa]] [[rm:Lingua englaisa]] [[ro:Limba engleză]] [[ru:Английский язык]] [[scn:Lingua ngrisa]] [[sco:Inglis leid]] [[se:Eaŋgalsgiella]] [[sh:Engleski jezik]] [[simple:English language]] [[sk:Angličtina]] [[sl:Angleščina]] [[sq:Gjuha Angleze]] [[sr:Енглески језик]] [[st:Senyesemane]] [[sv:Engelska]] [[sw:Kiingereza]] [[ta:ஆங்கிலம்]] [[th:ภาษาอังกฤษ]] [[tl:Wikang Ingles]] [[tpi:Tok Inglis]] [[tr:İngilizce]] [[ug:ئىنگلىز تىلى]] [[uk:Англійська мова]] [[vi:Tiếng Anh]] [[xh:IsiNgesi]] [[zh:英语]] [[zh-min-nan:Eng-gí]] [[zh-yue:英語]] 8939 2006-07-22T05:18:28Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: chr, fo, fur, fy, gv, hr, mi, tk Modifie: arc '''Lingɛlɛ́sa''' ezalí [[lokótá]] ya bato ba [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] mpé ba [[Lisanga ya Amerika]]. Lingɛlɛ́sa ezalí [[lokótá ya Lɛ́ta]] ba Kenya mpé ba Uganda. {{ndambo}} [[category:Lokótá]] {{InterWiki|code=en}} [[af:Engels (taal)]] [[als:Englische Sprache]] [[am:እንግሊዝኛ]] [[an:Idioma anglés]] [[ang:Nīwu Englisc sprǣc]] [[ar:لغة إنجليزية]] [[arc:ܐܢܓܠܝܙܝ]] [[ast:Inglés]] [[az:İngilis dili]] [[be:Ангельская мова]] [[bg:Английски език]] [[br:Saozneg]] [[bs:Engleski jezik]] [[ca:Anglès]] [[chr:ᎩᎵᏏ (ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ)]] [[cs:Angličtina]] [[cv:Акăлчан чĕлхи]] [[cy:Saesneg]] [[da:Engelsk (sprog)]] [[de:Englische Sprache]] [[el:Αγγλική γλώσσα]] [[en:English language]] [[eo:Angla lingvo]] [[es:Idioma inglés]] [[et:Inglise keel]] [[eu:Ingeles]] [[fa:زبان انگلیسی]] [[fi:Englannin kieli]] [[fo:Enskt mál]] [[fr:Anglais]] [[fur:Lenghe inglese]] [[fy:Ingelsk]] [[ga:Béarla]] [[gd:A' Bheurla]] [[gl:Lingua inglesa]] [[got:𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰]] [[gu:અંગ્રેજી ભાષા]] [[gv:Baarle]] [[he:אנגלית]] [[hi:अंग्रेज़ी]] [[hr:Engleski jezik]] [[hu:Angol nyelv]] [[hy:Անգլերեն]] [[ia:Anglese]] [[id:Bahasa Inggris]] [[ilo:Pagsasao nga English]] [[io:Angliana linguo]] [[is:Enska]] [[it:Lingua inglese]] [[iu:ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑎᑐᑦ]] [[ja:英語]] [[jbo:glibau]] [[jv:Basa Inggris]] [[ka:ინგლისური ენა]] [[ko:영어]] [[ku:Zimanê îngilîzî]] [[kw:Sowsnek]] [[la:Lingua Anglica]] [[lb:Englesch]] [[li:Ingels]] [[lt:Anglų kalba]] [[lv:Angļu valoda]] [[mg:Anglisy fiteny]] [[mi:Te reo Ingarihi]] [[mk:Англиски јазик]] [[ms:Bahasa Inggeris]] [[nah:Inglestlahtoli]] [[nap:Lengua ngrese]] [[nds:Engelsche Spraak]] [[nds-nl:Ingels]] [[nl:Engels]] [[nn:Engelsk språk]] [[no:Engelsk språk]] [[nrm:Angliais]] [[nv:Bilagáana bizaad]] [[oc:Anglés]] [[pdc:Englisch]] [[pi:Āngalabhāsā]] [[pl:Język angielski]] [[pt:Língua inglesa]] [[rm:Lingua englaisa]] [[ro:Limba engleză]] [[ru:Английский язык]] [[scn:Lingua ngrisa]] [[sco:Inglis leid]] [[se:Eaŋgalsgiella]] [[sh:Engleski jezik]] [[simple:English language]] [[sk:Angličtina]] [[sl:Angleščina]] [[sq:Gjuha Angleze]] [[sr:Енглески језик]] [[st:Senyesemane]] [[sv:Engelska]] [[sw:Kiingereza]] [[ta:ஆங்கிலம்]] [[th:ภาษาอังกฤษ]] [[tk:Iňlisçe]] [[tl:Wikang Ingles]] [[tpi:Tok Inglis]] [[tr:İngilizce]] [[ug:ئىنگلىز تىلى]] [[uk:Англійська мова]] [[vi:Tiếng Anh]] [[xh:IsiNgesi]] [[zh:英语]] [[zh-min-nan:Eng-gí]] [[zh-yue:英語]] 9402 2006-09-30T20:15:02Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: so, tg Modifie: arc, mi, nah '''Lingɛlɛ́sa''' ezalí [[lokótá]] ya bato ba [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] mpé ba [[Lisanga ya Amerika]]. Lingɛlɛ́sa ezalí [[lokótá ya Lɛ́ta]] ba Kenya mpé ba Uganda. {{ndambo}} [[category:Lokótá]] {{InterWiki|code=en}} [[af:Engels (taal)]] [[als:Englische Sprache]] [[am:እንግሊዝኛ]] [[an:Idioma anglés]] [[ang:Nīwu Englisc sprǣc]] [[ar:لغة إنجليزية]] [[arc:ܠܝܫܢܬ ܐܢܓܣܢܝܐ]] [[ast:Inglés]] [[az:İngilis dili]] [[be:Ангельская мова]] [[bg:Английски език]] [[br:Saozneg]] [[bs:Engleski jezik]] [[ca:Anglès]] [[chr:ᎩᎵᏏ (ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ)]] [[cs:Angličtina]] [[cv:Акăлчан чĕлхи]] [[cy:Saesneg]] [[da:Engelsk (sprog)]] [[de:Englische Sprache]] [[el:Αγγλική γλώσσα]] [[en:English language]] [[eo:Angla lingvo]] [[es:Idioma inglés]] [[et:Inglise keel]] [[eu:Ingeles]] [[fa:زبان انگلیسی]] [[fi:Englannin kieli]] [[fo:Enskt mál]] [[fr:Anglais]] [[fur:Lenghe inglese]] [[fy:Ingelsk]] [[ga:Béarla]] [[gd:A' Bheurla]] [[gl:Lingua inglesa]] [[got:𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰]] [[gu:અંગ્રેજી ભાષા]] [[gv:Baarle]] [[he:אנגלית]] [[hi:अंग्रेज़ी]] [[hr:Engleski jezik]] [[hu:Angol nyelv]] [[hy:Անգլերեն]] [[ia:Anglese]] [[id:Bahasa Inggris]] [[ilo:Pagsasao nga English]] [[io:Angliana linguo]] [[is:Enska]] [[it:Lingua inglese]] [[iu:ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑎᑐᑦ]] [[ja:英語]] [[jbo:glibau]] [[jv:Basa Inggris]] [[ka:ინგლისური ენა]] [[ko:영어]] [[ku:Zimanê îngilîzî]] [[kw:Sowsnek]] [[la:Lingua Anglica]] [[lb:Englesch]] [[li:Ingels]] [[lt:Anglų kalba]] [[lv:Angļu valoda]] [[mg:Anglisy fiteny]] [[mi:Reo Ingarihi]] [[mk:Англиски јазик]] [[ms:Bahasa Inggeris]] [[nah:Inglatlahtōlli]] [[nap:Lengua ngrese]] [[nds:Engelsche Spraak]] [[nds-nl:Ingels]] [[nl:Engels]] [[nn:Engelsk språk]] [[no:Engelsk språk]] [[nrm:Angliais]] [[nv:Bilagáana bizaad]] [[oc:Anglés]] [[pdc:Englisch]] [[pi:Āngalabhāsā]] [[pl:Język angielski]] [[pt:Língua inglesa]] [[rm:Lingua englaisa]] [[ro:Limba engleză]] [[ru:Английский язык]] [[scn:Lingua ngrisa]] [[sco:Inglis leid]] [[se:Eaŋgalsgiella]] [[sh:Engleski jezik]] [[simple:English language]] [[sk:Angličtina]] [[sl:Angleščina]] [[so:Ingiriis]] [[sq:Gjuha Angleze]] [[sr:Енглески језик]] [[st:Senyesemane]] [[sv:Engelska]] [[sw:Kiingereza]] [[ta:ஆங்கிலம்]] [[tg:Забони англисӣ]] [[th:ภาษาอังกฤษ]] [[tk:Iňlisçe]] [[tl:Wikang Ingles]] [[tpi:Tok Inglis]] [[tr:İngilizce]] [[ug:ئىنگلىز تىلى]] [[uk:Англійська мова]] [[vi:Tiếng Anh]] [[xh:IsiNgesi]] [[zh:英语]] [[zh-min-nan:Eng-gí]] [[zh-yue:英語]] Ekwatéli (etúká) 1699 5692 2005-07-26T06:50:43Z 199.8.238.219 {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} 5705 2005-07-26T07:15:39Z Themalau 22 {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] 5922 2005-07-31T20:18:17Z Themalau 22 [[en:Equateur, Congo|Equateur]] {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] 5923 2005-07-31T20:18:40Z Themalau 22 [[en:Equateur, Congo|Equateur]] {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] 5926 2005-07-31T20:28:31Z Themalau 22 '''Ekwatéli''' ezali [[etuka]] ya ekolo [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. Ekutanemi na Nor ya ekolo ena, mpe ekangami na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] na Weste, [[Santrafrika]] na Nor, etuka [[Orientale]] na Este, elongo na bituka [[Kasai-Oriental]], [[Kasai-Occidental]], na [[Bandundu]] na Sud. Engumba-mokonzi ya etuka Ekwatéli ezali [[Mbandaka]], engumba mɔkɔ o pene ya ebale [[Kongo]]. {{ndambo}} [[de:Equateur]] [[fr:Équateur (province)]] [[sv:Equateur]] [[en:Équateur, Congo|Equateur]] {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] 5927 2005-07-31T20:31:11Z Themalau 22 <div style="float:right">[[image:DCongoEquator.png]]</div> '''Ekwatéli''' ezali [[etuka]] ya ekolo [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. Ekutanemi na Nor ya ekolo ena, mpe ekangami na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] na Weste, [[Santrafrika]] na Nor, etuka [[Orientale]] na Este, elongo na bituka [[Kasai-Oriental]], [[Kasai-Occidental]], na [[Bandundu]] na Sud. Engumba-mokonzi ya etuka Ekwatéli ezali [[Mbandaka]], engumba mɔkɔ o pene ya ebale [[Kongo]]. {{ndambo}} [[de:Equateur]] [[fr:Équateur (province)]] [[sv:Equateur]] [[en:Équateur, Congo|Equateur]] {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] 7223 2005-12-06T09:25:03Z Bombo 12 [[Ekwatéli (etuka)]] moved to [[Ekwatéli (etúká)]] <div style="float:right">[[image:DCongoEquator.png]]</div> '''Ekwatéli''' ezali [[etuka]] ya ekolo [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. Ekutanemi na Nor ya ekolo ena, mpe ekangami na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] na Weste, [[Santrafrika]] na Nor, etuka [[Orientale]] na Este, elongo na bituka [[Kasai-Oriental]], [[Kasai-Occidental]], na [[Bandundu]] na Sud. Engumba-mokonzi ya etuka Ekwatéli ezali [[Mbandaka]], engumba mɔkɔ o pene ya ebale [[Kongo]]. {{ndambo}} [[de:Equateur]] [[fr:Équateur (province)]] [[sv:Equateur]] [[en:Équateur, Congo|Equateur]] {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] 7728 2006-02-20T20:56:35Z 82.83.250.136 <div style="float:right">[[image:DCongoEquator.png]]</div> '''Ekwatéli''' ezali [[etuka]] ya ekolo [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. Ekutanemi na Nor ya ekolo ena, mpe ekangami na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] na Weste, [[Santrafrika]] na Nor, etuka [[Orientale]] na Este, elongo na bituka [[Kasai-Oriental]], [[Kasai-Occidental]], na [[Bandundu]] na Sud. Engumba-mokonzi ya etuka Ekwatéli ezali [[Mbandaka]], engumba mɔkɔ o pene ya ebale [[Kongo]]. {{ndambo}} [[de:Équateur (1966-2006)]] [[fr:Équateur (province)]] [[sv:Equateur]] [[en:Équateur, Congo|Equateur]] {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] 7862 2006-03-27T03:09:59Z Superzerocool 62 robot Modifie: de, en <div style="float:right">[[image:DCongoEquator.png]]</div> '''Ekwatéli''' ezali [[etuka]] ya ekolo [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. Ekutanemi na Nor ya ekolo ena, mpe ekangami na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] na Weste, [[Santrafrika]] na Nor, etuka [[Orientale]] na Este, elongo na bituka [[Kasai-Oriental]], [[Kasai-Occidental]], na [[Bandundu]] na Sud. Engumba-mokonzi ya etuka Ekwatéli ezali [[Mbandaka]], engumba mɔkɔ o pene ya ebale [[Kongo]]. {{ndambo}} {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[de:Équateur]] [[en:Équateur]] [[fr:Équateur (province)]] [[sv:Equateur]] 8444 2006-06-15T13:25:12Z Bombo 12 {{BiteniRKD| nom=Etúká ya Ekwatéli| carte=[[Image:DCongoEquator.png|200px]]| capitale=[[Mbandaka]]| supkm2=403.292| pop=4.820.000| annéepop=[[1998]]| densité=11,92| gouverneur=[[Yves Mobando Yogo]]| lg=[[Lingala]]| ISO=CD-EQ| dep=49| }} '''Ekwatéli''' ezali [[etúká]] ya ekolo [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. Ekutanemi na Nor ya ekolo ena, mpe ekangami na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] na Weste, [[Santrafrika]] na Nor, etuka [[Orientale]] na Este, elongo na bituka [[Kasai-Oriental]], [[Kasai-Occidental]], na [[Bandundu]] na Sud. Engumba-mokonzi ya etuka Ekwatéli ezali [[Mbandaka]], engumba mɔkɔ o pene ya ebale [[Kɔ́ngɔ]]. {{ndambo}} {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[de:Équateur]] [[en:Équateur]] [[fr:Équateur (province)]] [[sv:Equateur]] 8995 2006-08-02T05:27:01Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: [[nl:Evenaarsprovincie]] {{BiteniRKD| nom=Etúká ya Ekwatéli| carte=[[Image:DCongoEquator.png|200px]]| capitale=[[Mbandaka]]| supkm2=403.292| pop=4.820.000| annéepop=[[1998]]| densité=11,92| gouverneur=[[Yves Mobando Yogo]]| lg=[[Lingala]]| ISO=CD-EQ| dep=49| }} '''Ekwatéli''' ezali [[etúká]] ya ekolo [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. Ekutanemi na Nor ya ekolo ena, mpe ekangami na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] na Weste, [[Santrafrika]] na Nor, etuka [[Orientale]] na Este, elongo na bituka [[Kasai-Oriental]], [[Kasai-Occidental]], na [[Bandundu]] na Sud. Engumba-mokonzi ya etuka Ekwatéli ezali [[Mbandaka]], engumba mɔkɔ o pene ya ebale [[Kɔ́ngɔ]]. {{ndambo}} {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[de:Équateur]] [[en:Équateur]] [[fr:Équateur (province)]] [[nl:Evenaarsprovincie]] [[sv:Equateur]] Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa 1700 5697 2005-07-26T06:57:51Z 199.8.238.219 Biteni mikonzi bya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] mibengami [[Bituka]] (''Province'' na [[lifalansé]]). Bituka ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazali: {|align=center style="text-align:center" | # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] | [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|250px]] |} ==Etando mpe Batu== <table border=1> <tr><td> <b>Nkombo ya Etuka</b></td><td><b>Engumba Mokonzi na Etuka</b></td><td><b>Superficie</b></td><td><b>Batu</b><br> (est. 1994)</td><td><b>Batu</b><br> (est. 1998) </td></tr> <tr><td> Provinsi ya [[Bandundu]]</td><td>[[Bandundu]] </td><td> 295,658 </td><td> 4,907,673</td><td> 5,201,000 </td></tr> <tr><td> Provinsi ya [[Bas-Congo]]</td><td>[[Matadi]]</td><td> 53,920 </td><td> 2,578,299 </td><td> 2,835,000 </td></tr> <tr><td> Provinsi ya [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]]</td><td>[[Mbandaka]]</td><td> 403,292 </td><td> 4,789,307 </td><td> 4,820,000 </td></tr> <tr><td> Provinsi ya [[Kasaï-Occidental]]</td><td>[[Kananga]]</td><td> 154,742 </td><td> 3,117,305 </td><td> 3,337,000 </td></tr> <tr><td> Provinsi ya [[Kasaï-Oriental]]</td><td>[[Mbuji-Mayi]]</td><td> 170,302 </td><td> 3,778,151 </td><td> 3,830,000 </td></tr> <tr><td> Provinsi ya [[Katanga]]</td><td>[[Lubumbashi]]</td><td> 496,877 </td><td> 5,602,178 </td><td> 4,125,000 </td></tr> <tr><td> Engumba [[Kinshasa]]</td><td>[[Kinshasa]]</td><td> 9,965 </td><td> 4,657,061 </td><td> 4,787,000 </td></tr> <tr><td> Provinsi ya [[Maniema]]</td><td>[[Kindu]]</td><td> 132,250 </td><td> 1,048,000 </td><td> 1,246,787 </td></tr> <tr><td> Provinsi ya [[Nord-Kivu]]</td><td>[[Goma]]</td><td> 59,483 </td><td> 3,546,000 </td><td> 3,564,434 </td></tr> <tr><td> Provinsi [[Orientale]]</td><td>[[Kisangani]]</td><td> 503,239 </td><td> 5,426,715 </td><td> 5,566,000 </td></tr> <tr><td> Provinsi ya [[Sud-Kivu]]</td><td>[[Bukavu]]</td><td> 65,070 </td><td> 3,093,000 </td><td> 2,837,779 </td></tr> <tr><td> <b>Total</b></td><td></td></td><td><b>2,344,798</b></td><td><b>42,545,000</b></td><td><b>42,150,000</b> </td></tr> </table> ''Source :'' [http://www.congonline.com/geo/rgions.htm Congo Online] (na lifalansa) Okati o búku ya mibeko-mokonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa, oyo eponámáki na bakomi mibeko to mpe "Parlement", ekomámí ete nako banda mbula 2008, ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa eko katakatama na ba provinsi 26. ==Tala mpe== ===Makasa okati Wiki=== * [[Historia ya bokata-kata masalemi na leta o mabele wa Repubiliki ya Kongo Demokratiki]] {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Catégorie:Ba Provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kongo Democratiki|*]] [[en:Subdivisions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[fr:Provinces de la République Démocratique du Congo]] 5715 2005-07-26T07:31:40Z Themalau 22 /* Etando mpe Batu */ Biteni mikonzi bya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] mibengami [[Bituka]] (''Province'' na [[lifalansé]]). Bituka ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazali: {|align=center style="text-align:center" | # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] | [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|250px]] |} ==Etando mpe Batu== <table border=1> <tr><td> <b>Nkombo ya Etuka</b></td><td><b>Engumba Mokonzi na Etuka</b></td><td><b>Superficie</b></td><td><b>Batu</b><br> (est. 1994)</td><td><b>Batu</b><br> (est. 1998) </td></tr> <tr><td> Etuka ya [[Bandundu]]</td><td>[[Bandundu]] </td><td> 295,658 </td><td> 4,907,673</td><td> 5,201,000 </td></tr> <tr><td> Etuka ya [[Bas-Congo]]</td><td>[[Matadi]]</td><td> 53,920 </td><td> 2,578,299 </td><td> 2,835,000 </td></tr> <tr><td> Etuka ya [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]]</td><td>[[Mbandaka]]</td><td> 403,292 </td><td> 4,789,307 </td><td> 4,820,000 </td></tr> <tr><td> Etuka ya [[Kasaï-Occidental]]</td><td>[[Kananga]]</td><td> 154,742 </td><td> 3,117,305 </td><td> 3,337,000 </td></tr> <tr><td> Etuka ya [[Kasaï-Oriental]]</td><td>[[Mbuji-Mayi]]</td><td> 170,302 </td><td> 3,778,151 </td><td> 3,830,000 </td></tr> <tr><td> Etuka ya [[Katanga]]</td><td>[[Lubumbashi]]</td><td> 496,877 </td><td> 5,602,178 </td><td> 4,125,000 </td></tr> <tr><td> Engumba [[Kinshasa]]</td><td>[[Kinshasa]]</td><td> 9,965 </td><td> 4,657,061 </td><td> 4,787,000 </td></tr> <tr><td> Etuka ya [[Maniema]]</td><td>[[Kindu]]</td><td> 132,250 </td><td> 1,048,000 </td><td> 1,246,787 </td></tr> <tr><td> Etuka ya [[Nord-Kivu]]</td><td>[[Goma]]</td><td> 59,483 </td><td> 3,546,000 </td><td> 3,564,434 </td></tr> <tr><td> Etuka [[Orientale]]</td><td>[[Kisangani]]</td><td> 503,239 </td><td> 5,426,715 </td><td> 5,566,000 </td></tr> <tr><td> Etuka ya [[Sud-Kivu]]</td><td>[[Bukavu]]</td><td> 65,070 </td><td> 3,093,000 </td><td> 2,837,779 </td></tr> <tr><td> <b>Total</b></td><td></td></td><td><b>2,344,798</b></td><td><b>42,545,000</b></td><td><b>42,150,000</b> </td></tr> </table> ''Source :'' [http://www.congonline.com/geo/rgions.htm Congo Online] (na lifalansa) Okati o búku ya mibeko-mokonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa, oyo eponámáki na bakomi mibeko to mpe "Parlement", ekomámí ete nako banda mbula 2008, ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa eko katakatama na ba provinsi 26. ==Tala mpe== ===Makasa okati Wiki=== * [[Historia ya bokata-kata masalemi na leta o mabele wa Repubiliki ya Kongo Demokratiki]] {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Catégorie:Ba Provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kongo Democratiki|*]] [[en:Subdivisions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[fr:Provinces de la République Démocratique du Congo]] 5716 2005-07-26T07:32:51Z Themalau 22 /* Etando mpe Batu */ Biteni mikonzi bya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] mibengami [[Bituka]] (''Province'' na [[lifalansé]]). Bituka ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazali: {|align=center style="text-align:center" | # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] | [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|250px]] |} ==Etando mpe Batu== <table border=1> <tr><td> <b>Nkombo ya Etuka</b></td><td><b>Engumba Mokonzi na Etuka</b></td><td><b>Superficie</b></td><td><b>Batu</b><br> (est. 1994)</td><td><b>Batu</b><br> (est. 1998) </td></tr> <tr><td> Etuka ya [[Bandundu]]</td><td>[[Bandundu]] </td><td> 295,658 </td><td> 4,907,673</td><td> 5,201,000 </td></tr> <tr><td> Etuka ya [[Bas-Congo]]</td><td>[[Matadi]]</td><td> 53,920 </td><td> 2,578,299 </td><td> 2,835,000 </td></tr> <tr><td> Etuka ya [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]]</td><td>[[Mbandaka]]</td><td> 403,292 </td><td> 4,789,307 </td><td> 4,820,000 </td></tr> <tr><td> Etuka ya [[Kasaï-Occidental]]</td><td>[[Kananga]]</td><td> 154,742 </td><td> 3,117,305 </td><td> 3,337,000 </td></tr> <tr><td> Etuka ya [[Kasaï-Oriental]]</td><td>[[Mbuji-Mayi]]</td><td> 170,302 </td><td> 3,778,151 </td><td> 3,830,000 </td></tr> <tr><td> Etuka ya [[Katanga]]</td><td>[[Lubumbashi]]</td><td> 496,877 </td><td> 5,602,178 </td><td> 4,125,000 </td></tr> <tr><td> Engumba [[Kinshasa]]</td><td>[[Kinshasa]]</td><td> 9,965 </td><td> 4,657,061 </td><td> 4,787,000 </td></tr> <tr><td> Etuka ya [[Maniema]]</td><td>[[Kindu]]</td><td> 132,250 </td><td> 1,048,000 </td><td> 1,246,787 </td></tr> <tr><td> Etuka ya [[Nord-Kivu]]</td><td>[[Goma]]</td><td> 59,483 </td><td> 3,546,000 </td><td> 3,564,434 </td></tr> <tr><td> Etuka [[Orientale]]</td><td>[[Kisangani]]</td><td> 503,239 </td><td> 5,426,715 </td><td> 5,566,000 </td></tr> <tr><td> Etuka ya [[Sud-Kivu]]</td><td>[[Bukavu]]</td><td> 65,070 </td><td> 3,093,000 </td><td> 2,837,779 </td></tr> <tr><td> <b>Total</b></td><td></td></td><td><b>2,344,798</b></td><td><b>42,545,000</b></td><td><b>42,150,000</b> </td></tr> </table> ''Source :'' [http://www.congonline.com/geo/rgions.htm Congo Online] (na lifalansa) Okati o búku ya mibeko-mokonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa, oyo eponámáki na bakomi mibeko to mpe "Parlement", ekomámí ete nako banda mbula 2008, ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa eko katakatama na ba bituka 26. ==Tala mpe== ===Makasa okati Wiki=== * [[Historia ya bokata-kata masalemi na leta o mabele wa Repubiliki ya Kongo Demokratiki]] {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Catégorie:Ba Provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kongo Democratiki|*]] [[en:Subdivisions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[fr:Provinces de la République Démocratique du Congo]] 5943 2005-07-31T23:50:43Z Moyogo 11 Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa moved to Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa Biteni mikonzi bya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] mibengami [[Bituka]] (''Province'' na [[lifalansé]]). Bituka ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazali: {|align=center style="text-align:center" | # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] | [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|250px]] |} ==Etando mpe Batu== <table border=1> <tr><td> <b>Nkombo ya Etuka</b></td><td><b>Engumba Mokonzi na Etuka</b></td><td><b>Superficie</b></td><td><b>Batu</b><br> (est. 1994)</td><td><b>Batu</b><br> (est. 1998) </td></tr> <tr><td> Etuka ya [[Bandundu]]</td><td>[[Bandundu]] </td><td> 295,658 </td><td> 4,907,673</td><td> 5,201,000 </td></tr> <tr><td> Etuka ya [[Bas-Congo]]</td><td>[[Matadi]]</td><td> 53,920 </td><td> 2,578,299 </td><td> 2,835,000 </td></tr> <tr><td> Etuka ya [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]]</td><td>[[Mbandaka]]</td><td> 403,292 </td><td> 4,789,307 </td><td> 4,820,000 </td></tr> <tr><td> Etuka ya [[Kasaï-Occidental]]</td><td>[[Kananga]]</td><td> 154,742 </td><td> 3,117,305 </td><td> 3,337,000 </td></tr> <tr><td> Etuka ya [[Kasaï-Oriental]]</td><td>[[Mbuji-Mayi]]</td><td> 170,302 </td><td> 3,778,151 </td><td> 3,830,000 </td></tr> <tr><td> Etuka ya [[Katanga]]</td><td>[[Lubumbashi]]</td><td> 496,877 </td><td> 5,602,178 </td><td> 4,125,000 </td></tr> <tr><td> Engumba [[Kinshasa]]</td><td>[[Kinshasa]]</td><td> 9,965 </td><td> 4,657,061 </td><td> 4,787,000 </td></tr> <tr><td> Etuka ya [[Maniema]]</td><td>[[Kindu]]</td><td> 132,250 </td><td> 1,048,000 </td><td> 1,246,787 </td></tr> <tr><td> Etuka ya [[Nord-Kivu]]</td><td>[[Goma]]</td><td> 59,483 </td><td> 3,546,000 </td><td> 3,564,434 </td></tr> <tr><td> Etuka [[Orientale]]</td><td>[[Kisangani]]</td><td> 503,239 </td><td> 5,426,715 </td><td> 5,566,000 </td></tr> <tr><td> Etuka ya [[Sud-Kivu]]</td><td>[[Bukavu]]</td><td> 65,070 </td><td> 3,093,000 </td><td> 2,837,779 </td></tr> <tr><td> <b>Total</b></td><td></td></td><td><b>2,344,798</b></td><td><b>42,545,000</b></td><td><b>42,150,000</b> </td></tr> </table> ''Source :'' [http://www.congonline.com/geo/rgions.htm Congo Online] (na lifalansa) Okati o búku ya mibeko-mokonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa, oyo eponámáki na bakomi mibeko to mpe "Parlement", ekomámí ete nako banda mbula 2008, ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa eko katakatama na ba bituka 26. ==Tala mpe== ===Makasa okati Wiki=== * [[Historia ya bokata-kata masalemi na leta o mabele wa Repubiliki ya Kongo Demokratiki]] {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Catégorie:Ba Provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kongo Democratiki|*]] [[en:Subdivisions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[fr:Provinces de la République Démocratique du Congo]] 6999 2005-11-24T11:09:50Z 160.85.2.50 Category Biteni mikonzi bya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] mibengami [[Bituka]] (''Province'' na [[lifalansé]]). Bituka ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa bazali: {|align=center style="text-align:center" | # [[Bandundu]] # [[Bas-Congo]] # [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]] # [[Kasaï-Occidental]] # [[Kasaï-Oriental]] # [[Katanga]] # [[Kinshasa]] # [[Maniema]] # [[Nord-Kivu]] # [[Orientale]] # [[Sud-Kivu]] | [[Image:DCongoNumbered.png|thumb|250px]] |} ==Etando mpe Batu== <table border=1> <tr><td> <b>Nkombo ya Etuka</b></td><td><b>Engumba Mokonzi na Etuka</b></td><td><b>Superficie</b></td><td><b>Batu</b><br> (est. 1994)</td><td><b>Batu</b><br> (est. 1998) </td></tr> <tr><td> Etuka ya [[Bandundu]]</td><td>[[Bandundu]] </td><td> 295,658 </td><td> 4,907,673</td><td> 5,201,000 </td></tr> <tr><td> Etuka ya [[Bas-Congo]]</td><td>[[Matadi]]</td><td> 53,920 </td><td> 2,578,299 </td><td> 2,835,000 </td></tr> <tr><td> Etuka ya [[Ekwatéli (etuka)|Ekwatéli]]</td><td>[[Mbandaka]]</td><td> 403,292 </td><td> 4,789,307 </td><td> 4,820,000 </td></tr> <tr><td> Etuka ya [[Kasaï-Occidental]]</td><td>[[Kananga]]</td><td> 154,742 </td><td> 3,117,305 </td><td> 3,337,000 </td></tr> <tr><td> Etuka ya [[Kasaï-Oriental]]</td><td>[[Mbuji-Mayi]]</td><td> 170,302 </td><td> 3,778,151 </td><td> 3,830,000 </td></tr> <tr><td> Etuka ya [[Katanga]]</td><td>[[Lubumbashi]]</td><td> 496,877 </td><td> 5,602,178 </td><td> 4,125,000 </td></tr> <tr><td> Engumba [[Kinshasa]]</td><td>[[Kinshasa]]</td><td> 9,965 </td><td> 4,657,061 </td><td> 4,787,000 </td></tr> <tr><td> Etuka ya [[Maniema]]</td><td>[[Kindu]]</td><td> 132,250 </td><td> 1,048,000 </td><td> 1,246,787 </td></tr> <tr><td> Etuka ya [[Nord-Kivu]]</td><td>[[Goma]]</td><td> 59,483 </td><td> 3,546,000 </td><td> 3,564,434 </td></tr> <tr><td> Etuka [[Orientale]]</td><td>[[Kisangani]]</td><td> 503,239 </td><td> 5,426,715 </td><td> 5,566,000 </td></tr> <tr><td> Etuka ya [[Sud-Kivu]]</td><td>[[Bukavu]]</td><td> 65,070 </td><td> 3,093,000 </td><td> 2,837,779 </td></tr> <tr><td> <b>Total</b></td><td></td></td><td><b>2,344,798</b></td><td><b>42,545,000</b></td><td><b>42,150,000</b> </td></tr> </table> ''Source :'' [http://www.congonline.com/geo/rgions.htm Congo Online] (na lifalansa) Okati o búku ya mibeko-mokonzi bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa, oyo eponámáki na bakomi mibeko to mpe "Parlement", ekomámí ete nako banda mbula 2008, ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa eko katakatama na ba bituka 26. ==Tala mpe== ===Makasa okati Wiki=== * [[Historia ya bokata-kata masalemi na leta o mabele wa Repubiliki ya Kongo Demokratiki]] {{BiteniKongoKinshasa}} [[Catégorie:Ba Provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kongo Democratiki|*]] [[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[en:Subdivisions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[fr:Provinces de la République Démocratique du Congo]] Category:Ba provinsi bya Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki 1701 5710 2005-07-26T07:19:34Z Themalau 22 #REDIRECT:[[Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] 8783 2006-07-08T14:16:33Z 62.194.241.152 colon trick! #REDIRECT:[[:Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] Kisangani 1702 5717 2005-07-26T07:34:25Z Themalau 22 [[Category:Bingumba bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bingumba bya Afrika]] 6719 2005-11-05T16:41:16Z Blockinblox 38 {{ndámbo}} {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Bingumba bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bingumba bya Afrika]] 9840 2006-11-23T18:53:26Z Moyogo 11 {{ndámbo}} '''Kisangani''' ezalí mbóka ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinsásá]], mpé mbóka-mokonzi ya Etúká [[Orientale]]. [[Category:Bingumba bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bingumba bya Afrika]] Template:BakominiKinshasa 1703 5722 2005-07-26T08:33:35Z Themalau 22 <br clear=all> <center> {| id="toc" style="margin: 0 2em 0 2em;" ! style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" |''' Ba [[Komini]] ya engumba [[Kinshasa]]''' || [[Image:Congo democratic flag medium.png|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] |- |align=center| [[Bandalungwa]] | [[Barumbu]] | [[Bumbu]] | [[Gombe (Kinshasa)|Gombe]] | [[Kalamu]] | [[Kasa-Vubu (commune)|Kasa-Vubu]] | [[Kimbanseke]] | [[Kinsenso]] | [[Kinshasa (commune)]] | [[Kintambo]] | [[Kisenso]] | [[Lemba]] | [[Limete]] | [[Lingwala]] | [[Makala]] | [[Maluku (Congo)|Maluku]] | [[Masina]] | [[Matete]] | [[Mont Ngafula]] | [[N'Djili]] | [[Ngaba]] | [[Ngaliema]] | [[Ngiri-Ngiri]] | [[N'sele]] | [[Selembao]] |} </center> 5733 2005-07-26T09:08:53Z Themalau 22 <br clear=all> <center> {| id="toc" style="margin: 0 2em 0 2em;" ! style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" |''' Ba [[Komini]] ya engumba [[Kinshasa]]''' || [[Image:Congo democratic flag medium.png|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] |- |align=center| [[Bandalungwa]] | [[Barumbu]] | [[Bumbu]] | [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)|Gombe]] | [[Kalamu]] | [[Kasa-Vubu (commune)|Kasa-Vubu]] | [[Kimbanseke]] | [[Kinsenso]] | [[Kinshasa (commune)]] | [[Kintambo]] | [[Kisenso]] | [[Lemba]] | [[Limete]] | [[Lingwala]] | [[Makala]] | [[Maluku (Congo)|Maluku]] | [[Masina]] | [[Matete]] | [[Mont Ngafula]] | [[N'Djili]] | [[Ngaba]] | [[Ngaliema]] | [[Ngiri-Ngiri]] | [[N'sele]] | [[Selembao]] |} </center> 5846 2005-07-31T07:19:30Z Moyogo 11 ortho "ba komini" -> "bakomini" <br clear=all> <center> {| id="toc" style="margin: 0 2em 0 2em;" ! style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" |''' [[komini|Bakomini]] ya engumbá [[Kinshasa]]''' || [[Image:Congo democratic flag medium.png|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] |- |align=center| [[Bandalungwa]] | [[Barumbu]] | [[Bumbu]] | [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)|Gombe]] | [[Kalamu]] | [[Kasa-Vubu (commune)|Kasa-Vubu]] | [[Kimbanseke]] | [[Kinsenso]] | [[Kinshasa (commune)]] | [[Kintambo]] | [[Kisenso]] | [[Lemba]] | [[Limete]] | [[Lingwala]] | [[Makala]] | [[Maluku (Congo)|Maluku]] | [[Masina]] | [[Matete]] | [[Mont Ngafula]] | [[N'Djili]] | [[Ngaba]] | [[Ngaliema]] | [[Ngiri-Ngiri]] | [[N'sele]] | [[Selembao]] |} </center> 5851 2005-07-31T08:09:26Z Moyogo 11 Template:CommunesKinshasa moved to Template:BakominiKinshasa <br clear=all> <center> {| id="toc" style="margin: 0 2em 0 2em;" ! style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" |''' [[komini|Bakomini]] ya engumbá [[Kinshasa]]''' || [[Image:Congo democratic flag medium.png|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] |- |align=center| [[Bandalungwa]] | [[Barumbu]] | [[Bumbu]] | [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)|Gombe]] | [[Kalamu]] | [[Kasa-Vubu (commune)|Kasa-Vubu]] | [[Kimbanseke]] | [[Kinsenso]] | [[Kinshasa (commune)]] | [[Kintambo]] | [[Kisenso]] | [[Lemba]] | [[Limete]] | [[Lingwala]] | [[Makala]] | [[Maluku (Congo)|Maluku]] | [[Masina]] | [[Matete]] | [[Mont Ngafula]] | [[N'Djili]] | [[Ngaba]] | [[Ngaliema]] | [[Ngiri-Ngiri]] | [[N'sele]] | [[Selembao]] |} </center> 6598 2005-10-27T14:01:57Z Bombo 12 <br clear=all> <center> {| id="toc" style="margin: 0 2em 0 2em;" ! style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" |''' [[komini|Bakomini]] ya engumbá [[Kinshasa]]''' || [[Image:Kinshasa-flag.png|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Kinshasa]] |- |align=center| [[Bandalungwa]] | [[Barumbu]] | [[Bumbu]] | [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)|Gombe]] | [[Kalamu]] | [[Kasa-Vubu (commune)|Kasa-Vubu]] | [[Kimbanseke]] | [[Kinsenso]] | [[Kinshasa (commune)]] | [[Kintambo]] | [[Kisenso]] | [[Lemba]] | [[Limete]] | [[Lingwala]] | [[Makala]] | [[Maluku (Congo)|Maluku]] | [[Masina]] | [[Matete]] | [[Mont Ngafula]] | [[N'Djili]] | [[Ngaba]] | [[Ngaliema]] | [[Ngiri-Ngiri]] | [[N'sele]] | [[Selembao]] |} </center> 8422 2006-06-14T12:26:38Z Bombo 12 <br clear="all"> {| class="WSerieH" id="Warmenie" align="center" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top: 2em; width: 80%; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em" | {| style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | padding="5px" | [[Image:Kinshasa-flag.png|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Kinshasa]] | style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | '''[[komini|Bakomini]] ya engumbá [[Kinshasa]]''' | padding="5px" | [[Image:Kinshasa-flag.png|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Kinshasa]] |} |- |align=center| [[Bandalungwa]] | [[Barumbu]] | [[Bumbu]] | [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)|Gombe]] | [[Kalamu]] | [[Kasa-Vubu (commune)|Kasa-Vubu]] | [[Kimbanseke]] | [[Kinsenso]] | [[Kinshasa (commune)]] | [[Kintambo]] | [[Kisenso]] | [[Lemba]] | [[Limete]] | [[Lingwala]] | [[Makala]] | [[Maluku (Congo)|Maluku]] | [[Masina]] | [[Matete]] | [[Mont Ngafula]] | [[N'Djili]] | [[Ngaba]] | [[Ngaliema]] | [[Ngiri-Ngiri]] | [[N'sele]] | [[Selembao]] |} 9129 2006-08-17T20:32:24Z 85.27.7.219 <br clear="all"> {| class="WSerieH" id="Warmenie" align="center" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top: 2em; width: 80%; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em" | {| style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | padding="5px" | [[Image:Kinshasa-flag.png|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Kinshasa]] | style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | '''[[komini|Bakomini]] ya engumbá [[Kinshasa]]''' | padding="5px" | [[Image:Kinshasa-flag.png|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Kinshasa]] |} |- |align=center| [[Bandalungwa]] | [[Barumbu]] | [[Bumbu]] | [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)|Gombe]] | [[Kalamu]] | [[Kasa-Vubu (commune)|Kasa-Vubu]] | [[Kimbanseke]] | [[Kinsenso]] | [[Kinshasa (commune)]] | [[Kintambo]] | [[Kisenso]] | [[Lemba]] | [[Limete]] | [[Lingwala]] | [[Makala]] | [[Maluku (Congo)|Maluku]] | [[Masina]] | [[Matete]] | [[Mont Ngafula]] | [[Ndjili]] | [[Ngaba]] | [[Ngaliema]] | [[Ngiri-Ngiri]] | [[Nsele]] | [[Selembao]] |} 9724 2006-11-11T23:06:20Z Bombo 12 Kinsásá <br clear="all"> {| class="WSerieH" id="Warmenie" align="center" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top: 2em; width: 80%; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em" | {| style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | padding="5px" | [[Image:Kinshasa-flag.png|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Kinsásá]] | style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | '''[[komini|Bakomini]] ya engumbá [[Kinsásá]]''' | padding="5px" | [[Image:Kinshasa-flag.png|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Kinsásá]] |} |- |align=center| [[Bandalungwa]] | [[Barumbu]] | [[Bumbu]] | [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)|Gombe]] | [[Kalamu]] | [[Kasa-Vubu (commune)|Kasa-Vubu]] | [[Kimbanseke]] | [[Kinsenso]] | [[Kinsásá (commune)]] | [[Kintambo]] | [[Kisenso]] | [[Lemba]] | [[Limete]] | [[Lingwala]] | [[Makala]] | [[Maluku (Congo)|Maluku]] | [[Masina]] | [[Matete]] | [[Mont Ngafula]] | [[Ndjili]] | [[Ngaba]] | [[Ngaliema]] | [[Ngiri-Ngiri]] | [[Nsele]] | [[Selembao]] |} 9725 2006-11-11T23:09:46Z Bombo 12 <br clear="all"> {| class="WSerieH" id="Warmenie" align="center" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top: 2em; width: 80%; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em" | {| style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | padding="5px" | [[Image:Kinshasa-flag.png|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Kinsásá]] | style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | '''[[komini|Bakomini]] ya engumbá [[Kinsásá]]''' | padding="5px" | [[Image:Kinshasa-flag.png|50px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Kinsásá]] |} |- |align=center| [[Bandalungwa]] | [[Barumbu]] | [[Bumbu]] | [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)|Gombe]] | [[Kalamu]] | [[Kasa-Vubu (komini)|Kasa-Vubu]] | [[Kimbanseke]] | [[Kinsenso]] | [[Kinsásá (komini)]] | [[Kintambo]] | [[Kisenso]] | [[Lemba]] | [[Limete]] | [[Lingwala]] | [[Makala]] | [[Maluku (Congo)|Maluku]] | [[Masina]] | [[Matete]] | [[Mont Ngafula]] | [[Ndjili]] | [[Ngaba]] | [[Ngaliema]] | [[Ngiri-Ngiri]] | [[Nsele]] | [[Selembao]] |} Bandalungwa 1704 5724 2005-07-26T08:40:20Z Themalau 22 '''Bandalungwa''' (ou plus généralement « ''Bandal'' ») est une commune du centre de [[Kinshasa]] en [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le nord de la commune est occupé par le camp militaire Kokolo, aux baraquements dont l'achitecture rappelle le style [[Flandre|flamand]]. Il est séparé des quartiers habités, dont le quartier très animé du « ''Block'' » par l'[[avenue Kasa-Vubu]]. ==Tala mpe== ===Mankasa okati Wikipedia=== *[[Liste des communes de Kinshasa]] ===Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia=== * [http://www.aedev.org/bandalungwa/ Site officiel de la commune] *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] *[http://home.scarlet.be/~godfr123/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) {{CommunesKinshasa}} [[Category:Ba Komini ya Kinshasa]] {{ndambo}} 5725 2005-07-26T08:41:46Z Themalau 22 '''Bandalungwa''' (ou plus généralement « ''Bandal'' ») est une commune du centre de [[Kinshasa]] en [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le nord de la commune est occupé par le camp militaire Kokolo, aux baraquements dont l'achitecture rappelle le style [[Flandre|flamand]]. Il est séparé des quartiers habités, dont le quartier très animé du « ''Block'' » par l'[[avenue Kasa-Vubu]]. ==Tala mpe== ===Mankasa okati Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia=== * [http://www.aedev.org/bandalungwa/ Site officiel de la commune] *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] *[http://home.scarlet.be/~godfr123/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) {{CommunesKinshasa}} [[Category:Ba Komini ya Kinshasa]] {{ndambo}} 6386 2005-09-28T16:33:04Z Moyogo 11 ba komini -> bakomini '''Bandalungwa''' (ou plus généralement « ''Bandal'' ») est une commune du centre de [[Kinshasa]] en [[République démocratique du Congo]]. Le nord de la commune est occupé par le camp militaire Kokolo, aux baraquements dont l'achitecture rappelle le style [[Flandre|flamand]]. Il est séparé des quartiers habités, dont le quartier très animé du « ''Block'' » par l'[[avenue Kasa-Vubu]]. ==Tala mpe== ===Mankasa okati Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia=== * [http://www.aedev.org/bandalungwa/ Site officiel de la commune] *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] *[http://home.scarlet.be/~godfr123/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) {{CommunesKinshasa}} [[Category:BaKomini ya Kinshasa]] {{ndambo}} 6389 2005-09-28T21:41:10Z Moyogo 11 '''Bandalungwa''', (« ''Bandal'' ») ezalí komini na kátikáti ya [[Kinshasa]]. ==Tála mpé== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] === Nkásá o libándá === * [http://www.aedev.org/bandalungwa/ Site officiel de la commune] *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] *[http://home.scarlet.be/~godfr123/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) {{BakominiKinshasa}} [[Category:BaKomini ya Kinshasa]] {{ndambo}} 6603 2005-10-27T14:49:18Z 160.85.2.50 {{Commune RDC 2005| nom=Commune de Maluku| ville=[[Kinshasa]]| bourgmestre=Mme [[Marie-Antoinette Makayabu]]| lg=[[Lingala]]| supkm2=6,28| pop= 134.774| annéepop= [[2001]]| densité= 15.277| ProvII=[[Kinshasa|Kinshasa]]| ProvIII=[[Kinshasa (province Constitution 2005)|Kinshasa]] }} '''Bandalungwa''', (« ''Bandal'' ») ezalí komini na kátikáti ya [[Kinshasa]]. ==Tála mpé== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] === Nkásá o libándá === * [http://www.aedev.org/bandalungwa/ Site officiel de la commune] *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] *[http://home.scarlet.be/~godfr123/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) {{BakominiKinshasa}} [[Category:BaKomini ya Kinshasa]] {{ndambo}} 6606 2005-10-27T14:52:29Z 160.85.2.50 {{Commune RDC 2005| nom=Commune de Bandalungwa| ville=[[Kinshasa]]| bourgmestre=Mme [[Marie-Antoinette Makayabu]]| lg=[[Lingala]]| supkm2=6,28| pop= 134.774| annéepop= [[2001]]| densité= 15.277| ProvII=[[Kinshasa|Kinshasa]]| ProvIII=[[Kinshasa (province Constitution 2005)|Kinshasa]] }} '''Bandalungwa''', (« ''Bandal'' ») ezalí komini na kátikáti ya [[Kinshasa]]. ==Tála mpé== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] === Nkásá o libándá === * [http://www.aedev.org/bandalungwa/ Site officiel de la commune] *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] *[http://home.scarlet.be/~godfr123/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) {{BakominiKinshasa}} [[Category:BaKomini ya Kinshasa]] {{ndambo}} 6701 2005-11-05T13:31:56Z Moyogo 11 lingála {{Commune RDC 2005| nom=Commune de Bandalungwa| ville=[[Kinshasa]]| bourgmestre=Mme [[Marie-Antoinette Makayabu]]| lg=[[Lingála]]| supkm2=6,28| pop= 134.774| annéepop= [[2001]]| densité= 15.277| ProvII=[[Kinshasa|Kinshasa]]| ProvIII=[[Kinshasa (province Constitution 2005)|Kinshasa]] }} '''Bandalungwa''', (« ''Bandal'' ») ezalí komini na kátikáti ya [[Kinshasa]]. ==Tála mpé== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] === Nkásá o libándá === * [http://www.aedev.org/bandalungwa/ Site officiel de la commune] *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] *[http://home.scarlet.be/~godfr123/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) {{BakominiKinshasa}} [[Category:BaKomini ya Kinshasa]] {{ndambo}} 7079 2005-12-01T09:20:56Z 157.164.136.71 interwiki {{Commune RDC 2005| nom=Commune de Bandalungwa| ville=[[Kinshasa]]| bourgmestre=Mme [[Marie-Antoinette Makayabu]]| lg=[[Lingála]]| supkm2=6,28| pop= 134.774| annéepop= [[2001]]| densité= 15.277| ProvII=[[Kinshasa|Kinshasa]]| ProvIII=[[Kinshasa (province Constitution 2005)|Kinshasa]] }} '''Bandalungwa''', (« ''Bandal'' ») ezalí komini na kátikáti ya [[Kinshasa]]. ==Tála mpé== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] === Nkásá o libándá === * [http://www.aedev.org/bandalungwa/ Site officiel de la commune] *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] *[http://home.scarlet.be/~godfr123/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) {{BakominiKinshasa}} [[Category:BaKomini ya Kinshasa]] {{ndambo}} [[en:Bandalungwa]] [[fr:Bandalungwa]] 7245 2005-12-06T14:23:30Z 160.85.2.50 {{Commune RDC 2005| nom=Commune de Bandalungwa| ville=[[Kinshasa]]| bourgmestre=Mme [[Marie-Antoinette Makayabu]]| lg=[[Lingála]]| supkm2=6,28| pop= 134.774| annéepop= [[2001]]| densité= 15.277| ProvII=[[Kinshasa|Kinshasa]]| ProvIII=[[Kinshasa (province Constitution 2005)|Kinshasa]] }} '''Bandalungwa''', (« ''Bandal'' ») ezalí komini na kátikáti ya [[Kinshasa]]. ==Tála mpé== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] === Nkásá o libándá === * [http://www.aedev.org/bandalungwa/ Site officiel de la commune] *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] *[http://home.scarlet.be/~godfr123/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) {{BakominiKinshasa}} [[Category:Bakomini ya Kinshasa]] {{ndambo}} [[en:Bandalungwa]] [[fr:Bandalungwa]] 7602 2006-01-11T11:08:19Z Bombo 12 Makayubu > Makayuba {{Commune RDC 2005| nom=Commune de Bandalungwa| ville=[[Kinshasa]]| bourgmestre=Mme [[Marie-Antoinette Makayuba]]| lg=[[Lingála]]| supkm2=6,28| pop= 134.774| annéepop= [[2001]]| densité= 15.277| ProvII=[[Kinshasa|Kinshasa]]| ProvIII=[[Kinshasa (province Constitution 2005)|Kinshasa]] }} '''Bandalungwa''', (« ''Bandal'' ») ezalí komini na kátikáti ya [[Kinshasa]]. ==Tála mpé== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] === Nkásá o libándá === * [http://www.aedev.org/bandalungwa/ Site officiel de la commune] *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] *[http://home.scarlet.be/~godfr123/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) {{BakominiKinshasa}} [[Category:Bakomini ya Kinshasa]] {{ndambo}} [[en:Bandalungwa]] [[fr:Bandalungwa]] Molongo ya bakomini ya Kinsásá 1705 5726 2005-07-26T08:47:52Z Themalau 22 Article principal : ville de [[Kinshasa]] en [[République démocratique du Congo]] ==Ba Komini 24 ya Kinshasa== * [[Bandalungwa]] * [[Barumbu]] * [[Bumbu]] * [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)]] * [[Kalamu]] * [[Kasa-Vubu (commune)|Kasa-Vubu]] * [[Kimbanseke]] * [[Kinshasa (commune)]] * [[Kintambo]] * [[Kisenso]] * [[Lemba]] * [[Limete]] * [[Lingwala]] * [[Makala]] * [[Maluku (Congo)|Maluku]] * [[Masina]] * [[Matete]] * [[Mont Ngafula]] * [[N'Djili]] * [[Ngaba]] * [[Ngaliema]] * [[Ngiri-Ngiri]] * [[N'sele]] * [[Selembao]] ==Quartiers et lieu-dits== * Binza (Djelo-Binza) * Kokolo * Ma Campagne * Makelele * Mama Mobutu * Matonge * Mont-Fleuri * Ndolo * Socimat * Triangle * Victoire ==Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia== *http://www.congonline.com/geo/kinshasa.htm {{CommunesKinshasa}} [[Category:Ba Komini ya Kinshasa|*]] [[en:List of municipalities of Kinshasa]] [[fr:Liste des communes de Kinshasa]] 5727 2005-07-26T08:50:05Z Themalau 22 Ekakoli monene : Engumba [[Kinshasa]] o [[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] ==Ba Komini 24 ya Kinshasa== * [[Bandalungwa]] * [[Barumbu]] * [[Bumbu]] * [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)]] * [[Kalamu]] * [[Kasa-Vubu (commune)|Kasa-Vubu]] * [[Kimbanseke]] * [[Kinshasa (commune)]] * [[Kintambo]] * [[Kisenso]] * [[Lemba]] * [[Limete]] * [[Lingwala]] * [[Makala]] * [[Maluku (Congo)|Maluku]] * [[Masina]] * [[Matete]] * [[Mont Ngafula]] * [[N'Djili]] * [[Ngaba]] * [[Ngaliema]] * [[Ngiri-Ngiri]] * [[N'sele]] * [[Selembao]] ==Quartiers et lieu-dits== * Binza (Djelo-Binza) * Kokolo * Ma Campagne * Makelele * Mama Mobutu * Matonge * Mont-Fleuri * Ndolo * Socimat * Triangle * Victoire ==Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia== *http://www.congonline.com/geo/kinshasa.htm {{CommunesKinshasa}} [[Category:Ba Komini ya Kinshasa|*]] [[en:List of municipalities of Kinshasa]] [[fr:Liste des communes de Kinshasa]] 5844 2005-07-31T07:18:16Z Moyogo 11 Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa moved to Molongo ya bakomini ya Kinshasa Ekakoli monene : Engumba [[Kinshasa]] o [[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] ==Ba Komini 24 ya Kinshasa== * [[Bandalungwa]] * [[Barumbu]] * [[Bumbu]] * [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)]] * [[Kalamu]] * [[Kasa-Vubu (commune)|Kasa-Vubu]] * [[Kimbanseke]] * [[Kinshasa (commune)]] * [[Kintambo]] * [[Kisenso]] * [[Lemba]] * [[Limete]] * [[Lingwala]] * [[Makala]] * [[Maluku (Congo)|Maluku]] * [[Masina]] * [[Matete]] * [[Mont Ngafula]] * [[N'Djili]] * [[Ngaba]] * [[Ngaliema]] * [[Ngiri-Ngiri]] * [[N'sele]] * [[Selembao]] ==Quartiers et lieu-dits== * Binza (Djelo-Binza) * Kokolo * Ma Campagne * Makelele * Mama Mobutu * Matonge * Mont-Fleuri * Ndolo * Socimat * Triangle * Victoire ==Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia== *http://www.congonline.com/geo/kinshasa.htm {{CommunesKinshasa}} [[Category:Ba Komini ya Kinshasa|*]] [[en:List of municipalities of Kinshasa]] [[fr:Liste des communes de Kinshasa]] 5854 2005-07-31T08:18:02Z Moyogo 11 ortho Ekakoli monɛ́nɛ : Engumbá [[Kinshasa]] o [[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] ==Bakomini 24 ya Kinshasa== * [[Bandalungwa]] * [[Barumbu]] * [[Bumbu]] * [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)]] * [[Kalamu]] * [[Kasa-Vubu (commune)|Kasa-Vubu]] * [[Kimbanseke]] * [[Kinshasa (commune)]] * [[Kintambo]] * [[Kisenso]] * [[Lemba]] * [[Limete]] * [[Lingwala]] * [[Makala]] * [[Maluku (Congo)|Maluku]] * [[Masina]] * [[Matete]] * [[Mont Ngafula]] * [[N'Djili]] * [[Ngaba]] * [[Ngaliema]] * [[Ngiri-Ngiri]] * [[N'sele]] * [[Selembao]] ==Quartiers et lieu-dits== * Binza (Djelo-Binza) * Kokolo * Ma Campagne * Makelele * Mama Mobutu * Matonge * Mont-Fleuri * Ndolo * Socimat * Triangle * Victoire ==Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia== * [http://www.congonline.com/geo/kinshasa.htm CongOnline : Villes - Kinshasa] {{fr}} {{BakominiKinshasa}} [[Category:Bakomini ya Kinshasa|*]] [[en:List of municipalities of Kinshasa]] [[fr:Liste des communes de Kinshasa]] 9128 2006-08-17T20:32:09Z 85.27.7.219 Ekakoli monɛ́nɛ : Engumbá [[Kinshasa]] o [[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] ==Bakomini 24 ya Kinshasa== * [[Bandalungwa]] * [[Barumbu]] * [[Bumbu]] * [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)]] * [[Kalamu]] * [[Kasa-Vubu (commune)|Kasa-Vubu]] * [[Kimbanseke]] * [[Kinshasa (commune)]] * [[Kintambo]] * [[Kisenso]] * [[Lemba]] * [[Limete]] * [[Lingwala]] * [[Makala]] * [[Maluku (Congo)|Maluku]] * [[Masina]] * [[Matete]] * [[Mont Ngafula]] * [[Ndjili]] * [[Ngaba]] * [[Ngaliema]] * [[Ngiri-Ngiri]] * [[Nsele]] * [[Selembao]] ==Quartiers et lieu-dits== * Binza (Djelo-Binza) * Kokolo * Ma Campagne * Makelele * Mama Mobutu * Matonge * Mont-Fleuri * Ndolo * Socimat * Triangle * Victoire ==Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia== * [http://www.congonline.com/geo/kinshasa.htm CongOnline : Villes - Kinshasa] {{fr}} {{BakominiKinshasa}} [[Category:Bakomini ya Kinshasa|*]] [[en:List of municipalities of Kinshasa]] [[fr:Liste des communes de Kinshasa]] 9991 2006-12-18T23:01:59Z 84.189.161.155 + de Ekakoli monɛ́nɛ : Engumbá [[Kinshasa]] o [[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] ==Bakomini 24 ya Kinshasa== * [[Bandalungwa]] * [[Barumbu]] * [[Bumbu]] * [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)]] * [[Kalamu]] * [[Kasa-Vubu (commune)|Kasa-Vubu]] * [[Kimbanseke]] * [[Kinshasa (commune)]] * [[Kintambo]] * [[Kisenso]] * [[Lemba]] * [[Limete]] * [[Lingwala]] * [[Makala]] * [[Maluku (Congo)|Maluku]] * [[Masina]] * [[Matete]] * [[Mont Ngafula]] * [[Ndjili]] * [[Ngaba]] * [[Ngaliema]] * [[Ngiri-Ngiri]] * [[Nsele]] * [[Selembao]] ==Quartiers et lieu-dits== * Binza (Djelo-Binza) * Kokolo * Ma Campagne * Makelele * Mama Mobutu * Matonge * Mont-Fleuri * Ndolo * Socimat * Triangle * Victoire ==Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia== * [http://www.congonline.com/geo/kinshasa.htm CongOnline : Villes - Kinshasa] {{fr}} {{BakominiKinshasa}} [[Category:Bakomini ya Kinshasa|*]] [[de:Liste der Stadtbezirke von Kinshasa]] [[en:List of municipalities of Kinshasa]] [[fr:Liste des communes de Kinshasa]] 9996 2006-12-19T10:27:53Z Bombo 12 img (carte) Ekakoli monɛ́nɛ : Engumbá [[Kinshasa]] o [[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] {| id="kinshasa" cellspacing=0 style="width: 200px; margin: 0 0 5px 1em; float: center; clean: center; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em" | style="padding: 0.5em" | {| align="center" style="background-color: #ccccff" width="95%" | align="center" width="100%" | '''Bakomini ya Kinshasa<br />''' | style="padding: 5px 10px 5px 5px" | [[Image:Kinshasa-flag.png|60px|Flagge von Kinshasa]] |} |- | <div style="width:100%;position:relative;text-align:left">[[Image:Kinshasa-communes.svg|500px|]] <!-- centre-ville --> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:12px; border:none ;left:50px; top:22px;">[[Brazzaville]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:12px; border:none ;left:155px; top:42px">''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Kɔ́ngɔ]]''</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none ;left:260px; top:66px">''[[Pool Malebo]]''</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:6px; top:85px; text-align:center;">''Baie <br/>de Ngaliema''</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:112px; top:86px">[[La Gombe (Kinshasa)|Gombe]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:180px; top:95px">[[Barumbu]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:162px; top:105px">[[Kinsásá (komini)|Kin.]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:140px; top:120px">[[Lingwala|Ling.]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:148px; top:143px">[[Kasa-Vubu (komini)|K.-V.]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:130px; top:171px">[[Ngiri-Ngiri|Ng.-Ng.]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:176px; top:157px">[[Kalamu|Kal.]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:100px; top:130px">[[Bandalungwa|Banda-]]<br/>[[Bandalungwa|lungwa]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:62px; top:115px">[[Kintambo]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:25px; top:180px">[[Ngaliema]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:100px; top:243px">[[Selembao]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:120px; top:200px">[[Bumbu]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:150px; top:220px">[[Makala]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:185px; top:210px">[[Ngaba]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:170px; top:257px">[[Lemba]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:220px; top:143px">[[Limete]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:238px; top:230px">[[Matete]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:212px; top:280px">[[Kinsenso]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:325px; top:205px">[[Masina]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:281px; top:255px">[[Ndjili]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:325px; top:280px">[[Kimbanseke]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:425px; top:243px">[[Nsele]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:140px; top:315px">[[Mont Ngafula]]</div> <!-- carte provinciale --> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:402px; top:30px">[[Nsele]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:420px; top:12px">[[Maluku (Congo)|Maluku]]</div> </div> |- | <div style="font-size:11px;">Kinsásá (Kin.), Kasa-Vubu (K.-V.), Lingwala (Ling.), Ngiri-Ngiri (Ng.-Ng.) </div> |} ==Bakomini 24 ya Kinshasa== * [[Bandalungwa]] * [[Barumbu]] * [[Bumbu]] * [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)]] * [[Kalamu]] * [[Kasa-Vubu (komini)|Kasa-Vubu]] * [[Kimbanseke]] * [[Kinsásá (komini)]] * [[Kintambo]] * [[Kisenso]] * [[Lemba]] * [[Limete]] * [[Lingwala]] * [[Makala]] * [[Maluku (Congo)|Maluku]] * [[Masina]] * [[Matete]] * [[Mont Ngafula]] * [[Ndjili]] * [[Ngaba]] * [[Ngaliema]] * [[Ngiri-Ngiri]] * [[Nsele]] * [[Selembao]] ==Quartiers et lieu-dits== * Binza (Djelo-Binza) * Kokolo * Ma Campagne * Makelele * Mama Mobutu * Matonge * Mont-Fleuri * Ndolo * Socimat * Triangle * Victoire ==Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia== * [http://www.congonline.com/geo/kinshasa.htm CongOnline : Villes - Kinshasa] {{fr}} {{BakominiKinshasa}} [[Category:Bakomini ya Kinshasa|*]] [[de:Liste der Stadtbezirke von Kinshasa]] [[en:List of municipalities of Kinshasa]] [[fr:Liste des communes de Kinshasa]] 9997 2006-12-19T10:31:15Z 160.85.2.50 Kinsásá Ekakoli monɛ́nɛ : Engumbá [[Kinsásá]] o [[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] {| id="kinshasa" cellspacing=0 style="width: 200px; margin: 0 0 5px 1em; float: center; clean: center; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em" | style="padding: 0.5em" | {| align="center" style="background-color: #ccccff" width="95%" | align="center" width="100%" | '''Bakomini ya Kinsásá<br />''' | style="padding: 5px 10px 5px 5px" | [[Image:Kinshasa-flag.png|60px|Flagge von Kinshasa]] |} |- | <div style="width:100%;position:relative;text-align:left">[[Image:Kinshasa-communes.svg|500px|]] <!-- centre-ville --> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:12px; border:none ;left:50px; top:22px;">[[Brazzaville]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:12px; border:none ;left:155px; top:42px">''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Kɔ́ngɔ]]''</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none ;left:260px; top:66px">''[[Pool Malebo]]''</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:6px; top:85px; text-align:center;">''Baie <br/>de Ngaliema''</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:112px; top:86px">[[La Gombe (Kinshasa)|Gombe]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:180px; top:95px">[[Barumbu]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:162px; top:105px">[[Kinsásá (komini)|Kin.]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:140px; top:120px">[[Lingwala|Ling.]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:148px; top:143px">[[Kasa-Vubu (komini)|K.-V.]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:130px; top:171px">[[Ngiri-Ngiri|Ng.-Ng.]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:176px; top:157px">[[Kalamu|Kal.]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:100px; top:130px">[[Bandalungwa|Banda-]]<br/>[[Bandalungwa|lungwa]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:62px; top:115px">[[Kintambo]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:25px; top:180px">[[Ngaliema]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:100px; top:243px">[[Selembao]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:120px; top:200px">[[Bumbu]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:150px; top:220px">[[Makala]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:185px; top:210px">[[Ngaba]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:170px; top:257px">[[Lemba]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:220px; top:143px">[[Limete]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:238px; top:230px">[[Matete]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:212px; top:280px">[[Kinsenso]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:325px; top:205px">[[Masina]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:281px; top:255px">[[Ndjili]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:325px; top:280px">[[Kimbanseke]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:425px; top:243px">[[Nsele]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:140px; top:315px">[[Mont Ngafula]]</div> <!-- carte provinciale --> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:402px; top:30px">[[Nsele]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:420px; top:12px">[[Maluku (Congo)|Maluku]]</div> </div> |- | <div style="font-size:11px;">Kinsásá (Kin.), Kasa-Vubu (K.-V.), Lingwala (Ling.), Ngiri-Ngiri (Ng.-Ng.) </div> |} ==Bakomini 24 ya Kinshasa== * [[Bandalungwa]] * [[Barumbu]] * [[Bumbu]] * [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)]] * [[Kalamu]] * [[Kasa-Vubu (komini)|Kasa-Vubu]] * [[Kimbanseke]] * [[Kinsásá (komini)]] * [[Kintambo]] * [[Kisenso]] * [[Lemba]] * [[Limete]] * [[Lingwala]] * [[Makala]] * [[Maluku (Congo)|Maluku]] * [[Masina]] * [[Matete]] * [[Mont Ngafula]] * [[Ndjili]] * [[Ngaba]] * [[Ngaliema]] * [[Ngiri-Ngiri]] * [[Nsele]] * [[Selembao]] ==Quartiers et lieu-dits== * Binza (Djelo-Binza) * Kokolo * Ma Campagne * Makelele * Mama Mobutu * Matonge * Mont-Fleuri * Ndolo * Socimat * Triangle * Victoire ==Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia== * [http://www.congonline.com/geo/kinshasa.htm CongOnline : Villes - Kinshasa] {{fr}} {{BakominiKinshasa}} [[Category:Bakomini ya Kinshasa|*]] [[de:Liste der Stadtbezirke von Kinshasa]] [[en:List of municipalities of Kinshasa]] [[fr:Liste des communes de Kinshasa]] 9998 2006-12-19T10:31:51Z Bombo 12 [[Molongo ya bakomini ya Kinshasa]] moved to [[Molongo ya bakomini ya Kinsásá]]: lingala Ekakoli monɛ́nɛ : Engumbá [[Kinsásá]] o [[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] {| id="kinshasa" cellspacing=0 style="width: 200px; margin: 0 0 5px 1em; float: center; clean: center; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em" | style="padding: 0.5em" | {| align="center" style="background-color: #ccccff" width="95%" | align="center" width="100%" | '''Bakomini ya Kinsásá<br />''' | style="padding: 5px 10px 5px 5px" | [[Image:Kinshasa-flag.png|60px|Flagge von Kinshasa]] |} |- | <div style="width:100%;position:relative;text-align:left">[[Image:Kinshasa-communes.svg|500px|]] <!-- centre-ville --> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:12px; border:none ;left:50px; top:22px;">[[Brazzaville]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:12px; border:none ;left:155px; top:42px">''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Kɔ́ngɔ]]''</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none ;left:260px; top:66px">''[[Pool Malebo]]''</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:6px; top:85px; text-align:center;">''Baie <br/>de Ngaliema''</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:112px; top:86px">[[La Gombe (Kinshasa)|Gombe]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:180px; top:95px">[[Barumbu]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:162px; top:105px">[[Kinsásá (komini)|Kin.]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:140px; top:120px">[[Lingwala|Ling.]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:148px; top:143px">[[Kasa-Vubu (komini)|K.-V.]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:130px; top:171px">[[Ngiri-Ngiri|Ng.-Ng.]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:176px; top:157px">[[Kalamu|Kal.]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:100px; top:130px">[[Bandalungwa|Banda-]]<br/>[[Bandalungwa|lungwa]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:62px; top:115px">[[Kintambo]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:25px; top:180px">[[Ngaliema]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:100px; top:243px">[[Selembao]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:120px; top:200px">[[Bumbu]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:150px; top:220px">[[Makala]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:185px; top:210px">[[Ngaba]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:170px; top:257px">[[Lemba]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:220px; top:143px">[[Limete]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:238px; top:230px">[[Matete]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:212px; top:280px">[[Kinsenso]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:325px; top:205px">[[Masina]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:281px; top:255px">[[Ndjili]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:325px; top:280px">[[Kimbanseke]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:425px; top:243px">[[Nsele]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:140px; top:315px">[[Mont Ngafula]]</div> <!-- carte provinciale --> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:402px; top:30px">[[Nsele]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:420px; top:12px">[[Maluku (Congo)|Maluku]]</div> </div> |- | <div style="font-size:11px;">Kinsásá (Kin.), Kasa-Vubu (K.-V.), Lingwala (Ling.), Ngiri-Ngiri (Ng.-Ng.) </div> |} ==Bakomini 24 ya Kinshasa== * [[Bandalungwa]] * [[Barumbu]] * [[Bumbu]] * [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)]] * [[Kalamu]] * [[Kasa-Vubu (komini)|Kasa-Vubu]] * [[Kimbanseke]] * [[Kinsásá (komini)]] * [[Kintambo]] * [[Kisenso]] * [[Lemba]] * [[Limete]] * [[Lingwala]] * [[Makala]] * [[Maluku (Congo)|Maluku]] * [[Masina]] * [[Matete]] * [[Mont Ngafula]] * [[Ndjili]] * [[Ngaba]] * [[Ngaliema]] * [[Ngiri-Ngiri]] * [[Nsele]] * [[Selembao]] ==Quartiers et lieu-dits== * Binza (Djelo-Binza) * Kokolo * Ma Campagne * Makelele * Mama Mobutu * Matonge * Mont-Fleuri * Ndolo * Socimat * Triangle * Victoire ==Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia== * [http://www.congonline.com/geo/kinshasa.htm CongOnline : Villes - Kinshasa] {{fr}} {{BakominiKinshasa}} [[Category:Bakomini ya Kinshasa|*]] [[de:Liste der Stadtbezirke von Kinshasa]] [[en:List of municipalities of Kinshasa]] [[fr:Liste des communes de Kinshasa]] 10003 2006-12-19T14:07:43Z 84.189.155.130 Ekakoli monɛ́nɛ : Engumbá [[Kinsásá]] o [[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] {| id="kinshasa" cellspacing=0 style="width: 200px; margin: 0 0 5px 1em; float: center; clean: center; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em" | style="padding: 0.5em" | {| align="center" style="background-color: #ccccff" width="95%" | align="center" width="100%" | '''Bakomini ya Kinsásá<br />''' | style="padding: 5px 10px 5px 5px" | [[Image:Kinshasa-flag.png|60px|Flagge von Kinshasa]] |} |- | <div style="width:100%;position:relative;text-align:left">[[Image:Kinshasa-communes.svg|500px|]] <!-- centre-ville --> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:12px; border:none ;left:50px; top:22px;">[[Brazzaville]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:12px; border:none ;left:155px; top:42px">''[[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Kɔ́ngɔ]]''</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none ;left:260px; top:66px">''[[Pool Malebo]]''</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:6px; top:85px; text-align:center;">''Baie <br/>de Ngaliema''</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:112px; top:86px">[[La Gombe (Kinshasa)|Gombe]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:180px; top:95px">[[Barumbu]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:162px; top:105px">[[Kinsásá (komini)|Kin.]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:140px; top:120px">[[Lingwala|Ling.]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:148px; top:143px">[[Kasa-Vubu (komini)|K.-V.]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:130px; top:171px">[[Ngiri-Ngiri|Ng.-Ng.]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:176px; top:157px">[[Kalamu|Kal.]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:100px; top:130px">[[Bandalungwa|Banda-]]<br/>[[Bandalungwa|lungwa]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:62px; top:115px">[[Kintambo]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:25px; top:180px">[[Ngaliema]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:100px; top:243px">[[Selembao]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:120px; top:200px">[[Bumbu]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:150px; top:220px">[[Makala]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:185px; top:210px">[[Ngaba]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:170px; top:257px">[[Lemba]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:220px; top:143px">[[Limete]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:238px; top:230px">[[Matete]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:212px; top:280px">[[Kinsenso]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:325px; top:205px">[[Masina]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:281px; top:255px">[[Ndjili]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:325px; top:280px">[[Kimbanseke]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:425px; top:243px">[[Nsele]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:140px; top:315px">[[Mont Ngafula]]</div> <!-- carte provinciale --> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:402px; top:30px">[[Nsele]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:420px; top:12px">[[Maluku (Congo)|Maluku]]</div> </div> |- | <div style="font-size:11px;">Kinsásá (Kin.), Kasa-Vubu (K.-V.), Lingwala (Ling.), Ngiri-Ngiri (Ng.-Ng.) </div> |} ==Bakomini 24 ya Kinshasa== * [[Bandalungwa]] * [[Barumbu]] * [[Bumbu]] * [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)]] * [[Kalamu]] * [[Kasa-Vubu (komini)|Kasa-Vubu]] * [[Kimbanseke]] * [[Kinsásá (komini)]] * [[Kintambo]] * [[Kisenso]] * [[Lemba]] * [[Limete]] * [[Lingwala]] * [[Makala]] * [[Maluku (Congo)|Maluku]] * [[Masina]] * [[Matete]] * [[Mont Ngafula]] * [[Ndjili]] * [[Ngaba]] * [[Ngaliema]] * [[Ngiri-Ngiri]] * [[Nsele]] * [[Selembao]] ==Quartiers et lieu-dits== * Binza (Djelo-Binza) * Kokolo * Ma Campagne * Makelele * Mama Mobutu * Matonge * Mont-Fleuri * Ndolo * Socimat * Triangle * Victoire ==Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia== * [http://www.congonline.com/geo/kinshasa.htm CongOnline : Villes - Kinshasa] {{fr}} {{BakominiKinshasa}} [[Category:Bakomini ya Kinshasa|*]] [[de:Liste der Gemeinden von Kinshasa]] [[en:List of municipalities of Kinshasa]] [[fr:Liste des communes de Kinshasa]] Gombe (Kinshasa) 1706 5728 2005-07-26T09:04:10Z Themalau 22 '''La Gombe''' to mpe '''Gombe''' ezali [[komini]] na Nor ya Engumba-Etuka [[Kinshasa]]. Esuki na ebale [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Kɔ́ngɔ]] na Nor, mpe na [[boulevale ya 30 juin]] na Sud. Commune résidentielle et arborée située face à [[Brazzaville]], elle abrite les principaux organes du pouvoir de la [[République démocratique du Congo]], dont la Présidence de la république, ainsi que de nombreux ministères, média et représentations diplomatiques. ==Tala mpe== ===Mankasa okati Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia=== *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_gombe_2001.jpg Carte de Gombe] (2001) *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *[http://home.scarlet.be/~godfr123/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) Sites de quelques institutions établie à Gombe *[http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Mokambi-ekolo Kng-Kinhasa] *[http://www.bcc.cd/ Banque Centrale du Congo] *[http://www.fec.cd/ Fédération des Entreprises du Congo] *[http://kinshasa.usembassy.gov/ Embassade des Étas-Unis d'Amérique en RD Congo] *[http://www.cenco.cd/ Conférence Épiscopale Nationale du Congo] *[http://www.monuc.org Monuc] *[http://www.golfclubkinshasa.cd/ Golf Club de Kinshasa] [[Catégorie:Commune de Kinshasa|Gombe]] {{CommunesKinshasa}} 5729 2005-07-26T09:05:31Z Themalau 22 /* Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia */ '''La Gombe''' to mpe '''Gombe''' ezali [[komini]] na Nor ya Engumba-Etuka [[Kinshasa]]. Esuki na ebale [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Kɔ́ngɔ]] na Nor, mpe na [[boulevale ya 30 juin]] na Sud. Commune résidentielle et arborée située face à [[Brazzaville]], elle abrite les principaux organes du pouvoir de la [[République démocratique du Congo]], dont la Présidence de la république, ainsi que de nombreux ministères, média et représentations diplomatiques. ==Tala mpe== ===Mankasa okati Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia=== *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_gombe_2001.jpg Carte de Gombe] (2001) *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *[http://home.scarlet.be/~godfr123/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) Sites de quelques institutions établie à Gombe *[http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Mokambi-ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinhasa] *[http://www.bcc.cd/ Banque Centrale du Congo] *[http://www.fec.cd/ Fédération des Entreprises du Congo] *[http://kinshasa.usembassy.gov/ Embassade des Étas-Unis d'Amérique en RD Congo] *[http://www.cenco.cd/ Conférence Épiscopale Nationale du Congo] *[http://www.monuc.org Monuc] *[http://www.golfclubkinshasa.cd/ Golf Club de Kinshasa] [[Catégorie:Ba Komini ya Kinshasa]] {{CommunesKinshasa}} 5730 2005-07-26T09:05:36Z Themalau 22 /* Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia */ '''La Gombe''' to mpe '''Gombe''' ezali [[komini]] na Nor ya Engumba-Etuka [[Kinshasa]]. Esuki na ebale [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Kɔ́ngɔ]] na Nor, mpe na [[boulevale ya 30 juin]] na Sud. Commune résidentielle et arborée située face à [[Brazzaville]], elle abrite les principaux organes du pouvoir de la [[République démocratique du Congo]], dont la Présidence de la république, ainsi que de nombreux ministères, média et représentations diplomatiques. ==Tala mpe== ===Mankasa okati Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia=== *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_gombe_2001.jpg Carte de Gombe] (2001) *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *[http://home.scarlet.be/~godfr123/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) Sites de quelques institutions établie à Gombe *[http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Mokambi-ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa] *[http://www.bcc.cd/ Banque Centrale du Congo] *[http://www.fec.cd/ Fédération des Entreprises du Congo] *[http://kinshasa.usembassy.gov/ Embassade des Étas-Unis d'Amérique en RD Congo] *[http://www.cenco.cd/ Conférence Épiscopale Nationale du Congo] *[http://www.monuc.org Monuc] *[http://www.golfclubkinshasa.cd/ Golf Club de Kinshasa] [[Catégorie:Ba Komini ya Kinshasa]] {{CommunesKinshasa}} 5731 2005-07-26T09:05:58Z Themalau 22 /* Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia */ '''La Gombe''' to mpe '''Gombe''' ezali [[komini]] na Nor ya Engumba-Etuka [[Kinshasa]]. Esuki na ebale [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Kɔ́ngɔ]] na Nor, mpe na [[boulevale ya 30 juin]] na Sud. Commune résidentielle et arborée située face à [[Brazzaville]], elle abrite les principaux organes du pouvoir de la [[République démocratique du Congo]], dont la Présidence de la république, ainsi que de nombreux ministères, média et représentations diplomatiques. ==Tala mpe== ===Mankasa okati Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia=== *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_gombe_2001.jpg Carte de Gombe] (2001) *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *[http://home.scarlet.be/~godfr123/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) Sites de quelques institutions établie à Gombe *[http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Mokambi-ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa] *[http://www.bcc.cd/ Banque Centrale du Congo] *[http://www.fec.cd/ Fédération des Entreprises du Congo] *[http://kinshasa.usembassy.gov/ Embassade des Étas-Unis d'Amérique en RD Congo] *[http://www.cenco.cd/ Conférence Épiscopale Nationale du Congo] *[http://www.monuc.org Monuc] *[http://www.golfclubkinshasa.cd/ Golf Club de Kinshasa] [[Category:Ba Komini ya Kinshasa]] {{CommunesKinshasa}} 5732 2005-07-26T09:08:32Z Themalau 22 '''La Gombe''' to mpe '''Gombe''' ezali [[komini]] na Nor ya Engumba-Etuka [[Kinshasa]]. Esuki na ebale [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Kɔ́ngɔ]] na Nor, mpe na [[boulevale ya 30 juin]] na Sud. Commune résidentielle et arborée située face à [[Brazzaville]], elle abrite les principaux organes du pouvoir de la [[République démocratique du Congo]], dont la Présidence de la république, ainsi que de nombreux ministères, média et représentations diplomatiques. ==Tala mpe== ===Mankasa okati Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia=== *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_gombe_2001.jpg Carte de Gombe] (2001) *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *[http://home.scarlet.be/~godfr123/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) Sites de quelques institutions établie à Gombe *[http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Mokambi-ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa] *[http://www.bcc.cd/ Banque Centrale du Congo] *[http://www.fec.cd/ Fédération des Entreprises du Congo] *[http://kinshasa.usembassy.gov/ Ambassade des Étas-Unis d'Amérique en RD Congo] *[http://www.cenco.cd/ Conférence Épiscopale Nationale du Congo] *[http://www.monuc.org Monuc] *[http://www.golfclubkinshasa.cd/ Golf Club de Kinshasa] [[Category:Ba Komini ya Kinshasa]] {{CommunesKinshasa}} 6267 2005-09-18T11:25:47Z Moyogo 11 '''La Gombe''' tǒ mpé '''Gombe''' ezalí [[komini]] na Nor ya Engumba-Etuka [[Kinshasa]]. Esúkí na ebale [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Kɔ́ngɔ]] na Nor, mpé na [[boulevale ya 30 juin]] na Sudi. == Tála mpé == ===Mankásá o katí Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Mankásá o libanda Wikipedia=== *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_gombe_2001.jpg Carte de Gombe] (2001) *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *[http://home.scarlet.be/~godfr123/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) Sites de quelques institutions établie à Gombe *[http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Mokambi-ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa] *[http://www.bcc.cd/ Banque Centrale du Congo] *[http://www.fec.cd/ Fédération des Entreprises du Congo] *[http://kinshasa.usembassy.gov/ Ambassade des Étas-Unis d'Amérique en RD Congo] *[http://www.cenco.cd/ Conférence Épiscopale Nationale du Congo] *[http://www.monuc.org Monuc] *[http://www.golfclubkinshasa.cd/ Golf Club de Kinshasa] [[Category:Ba Komini ya Kinshasa]] {{CommunesKinshasa}} 6268 2005-09-18T11:26:11Z Moyogo 11 kat '''La Gombe''' tǒ mpé '''Gombe''' ezalí [[komini]] na Nor ya Engumba-Etuka [[Kinshasa]]. Esúkí na ebale [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Kɔ́ngɔ]] na Nor, mpé na [[boulevale ya 30 juin]] na Sudi. == Tála mpé == ===Mankásá o katí Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Mankásá o libanda Wikipedia=== *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_gombe_2001.jpg Carte de Gombe] (2001) *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *[http://home.scarlet.be/~godfr123/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) Sites de quelques institutions établie à Gombe *[http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Mokambi-ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa] *[http://www.bcc.cd/ Banque Centrale du Congo] *[http://www.fec.cd/ Fédération des Entreprises du Congo] *[http://kinshasa.usembassy.gov/ Ambassade des Étas-Unis d'Amérique en RD Congo] *[http://www.cenco.cd/ Conférence Épiscopale Nationale du Congo] *[http://www.monuc.org Monuc] *[http://www.golfclubkinshasa.cd/ Golf Club de Kinshasa] [[Category:Bakomini ya Kinshasa]] {{CommunesKinshasa}} 6272 2005-09-18T12:26:32Z Moyogo 11 /* Tála mpé */ '''La Gombe''' tǒ mpé '''Gombe''' ezalí [[komini]] na Nor ya Engumba-Etuka [[Kinshasa]]. Esúkí na ebale [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Kɔ́ngɔ]] na Nor, mpé na [[boulevale ya 30 juin]] na Sudi. == Tála mpé == ===Nkásá o katí Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Nkásá o libanda Wikipedia=== *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_gombe_2001.jpg Carte de Gombe] (2001) *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *[http://home.scarlet.be/~godfr123/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) Sites de quelques institutions établie à Gombe *[http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Mokambi-ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa] *[http://www.bcc.cd/ Banque Centrale du Congo] *[http://www.fec.cd/ Fédération des Entreprises du Congo] *[http://kinshasa.usembassy.gov/ Ambassade des Étas-Unis d'Amérique en RD Congo] *[http://www.cenco.cd/ Conférence Épiscopale Nationale du Congo] *[http://www.monuc.org Monuc] *[http://www.golfclubkinshasa.cd/ Golf Club de Kinshasa] [[Category:Bakomini ya Kinshasa]] {{CommunesKinshasa}} 6391 2005-09-29T10:25:03Z Bombo 12 img [[image:Kinshasa gombe 2001.jpg|thumb|La Gombe]] '''La Gombe''' tǒ mpé '''Gombe''' ezalí [[komini]] na Nor ya Engumba-Etuka [[Kinshasa]]. Esúkí na ebale [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Kɔ́ngɔ]] na Nor, mpé na [[boulevale ya 30 juin]] na Sudi. == Tála mpé == ===Nkásá o katí Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Nkásá o libanda Wikipedia=== *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_gombe_2001.jpg Carte de Gombe] (2001) *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *[http://home.scarlet.be/~godfr123/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) Sites de quelques institutions établie à Gombe *[http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Mokambi-ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa] *[http://www.bcc.cd/ Banque Centrale du Congo] *[http://www.fec.cd/ Fédération des Entreprises du Congo] *[http://kinshasa.usembassy.gov/ Ambassade des Étas-Unis d'Amérique en RD Congo] *[http://www.cenco.cd/ Conférence Épiscopale Nationale du Congo] *[http://www.monuc.org Monuc] *[http://www.golfclubkinshasa.cd/ Golf Club de Kinshasa] [[Category:Bakomini ya Kinshasa]] {{CommunesKinshasa}} 6601 2005-10-27T14:43:48Z 160.85.2.50 {{Commune RDC 2005}} [[image:Kinshasa gombe 2001.jpg|thumb|La Gombe]] '''La Gombe''' tǒ mpé '''Gombe''' ezalí [[komini]] na Nor ya Engumba-Etuka [[Kinshasa]]. Esúkí na ebale [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Kɔ́ngɔ]] na Nor, mpé na [[boulevale ya 30 juin]] na Sudi. == Tála mpé == ===Nkásá o katí Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Nkásá o libanda Wikipedia=== *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_gombe_2001.jpg Carte de Gombe] (2001) *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *[http://home.scarlet.be/~godfr123/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) Sites de quelques institutions établie à Gombe *[http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Mokambi-ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa] *[http://www.bcc.cd/ Banque Centrale du Congo] *[http://www.fec.cd/ Fédération des Entreprises du Congo] *[http://kinshasa.usembassy.gov/ Ambassade des Étas-Unis d'Amérique en RD Congo] *[http://www.cenco.cd/ Conférence Épiscopale Nationale du Congo] *[http://www.monuc.org Monuc] *[http://www.golfclubkinshasa.cd/ Golf Club de Kinshasa] [[Category:Bakomini ya Kinshasa]] {{CommunesKinshasa}} 6602 2005-10-27T14:47:09Z 160.85.2.50 {{Commune RDC 2005| nom=Commune La Gombe| ville=[[Kinshasa]]| bourgmestre=Mme [[Justine Kitubu Kamanda]]| lg=[[Lingala]]| supkm2=? | pop= ? | annéepop= [[1995]]| densité= ?| ProvII=[[Kinshasa|Kinshasa]]| ProvIII=[[Kinshasa (province Constitution 2005)|Kinshasa]] }} [[image:Kinshasa gombe 2001.jpg|thumb|La Gombe]] '''La Gombe''' tǒ mpé '''Gombe''' ezalí [[komini]] na Nor ya Engumba-Etuka [[Kinshasa]]. Esúkí na ebale [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Kɔ́ngɔ]] na Nor, mpé na [[boulevale ya 30 juin]] na Sudi. == Tála mpé == ===Nkásá o katí Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Nkásá o libanda Wikipedia=== *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_gombe_2001.jpg Carte de Gombe] (2001) *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *[http://home.scarlet.be/~godfr123/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) Sites de quelques institutions établie à Gombe *[http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Mokambi-ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa] *[http://www.bcc.cd/ Banque Centrale du Congo] *[http://www.fec.cd/ Fédération des Entreprises du Congo] *[http://kinshasa.usembassy.gov/ Ambassade des Étas-Unis d'Amérique en RD Congo] *[http://www.cenco.cd/ Conférence Épiscopale Nationale du Congo] *[http://www.monuc.org Monuc] *[http://www.golfclubkinshasa.cd/ Golf Club de Kinshasa] [[Category:Bakomini ya Kinshasa]] {{CommunesKinshasa}} 6700 2005-11-05T13:31:43Z Moyogo 11 lingála {{Commune RDC 2005| nom=Commune La Gombe| ville=[[Kinshasa]]| bourgmestre=Mme [[Justine Kitubu Kamanda]]| lg=[[Lingála]]| supkm2=? | pop= ? | annéepop= [[1995]]| densité= ?| ProvII=[[Kinshasa|Kinshasa]]| ProvIII=[[Kinshasa (province Constitution 2005)|Kinshasa]] }} [[image:Kinshasa gombe 2001.jpg|thumb|La Gombe]] '''La Gombe''' tǒ mpé '''Gombe''' ezalí [[komini]] na Nor ya Engumba-Etuka [[Kinshasa]]. Esúkí na ebale [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Kɔ́ngɔ]] na Nor, mpé na [[boulevale ya 30 juin]] na Sudi. == Tála mpé == ===Nkásá o katí Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Nkásá o libanda Wikipedia=== *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_gombe_2001.jpg Carte de Gombe] (2001) *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *[http://home.scarlet.be/~godfr123/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) Sites de quelques institutions établie à Gombe *[http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Mokambi-ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa] *[http://www.bcc.cd/ Banque Centrale du Congo] *[http://www.fec.cd/ Fédération des Entreprises du Congo] *[http://kinshasa.usembassy.gov/ Ambassade des Étas-Unis d'Amérique en RD Congo] *[http://www.cenco.cd/ Conférence Épiscopale Nationale du Congo] *[http://www.monuc.org Monuc] *[http://www.golfclubkinshasa.cd/ Golf Club de Kinshasa] [[Category:Bakomini ya Kinshasa]] {{CommunesKinshasa}} 7046 2005-11-29T07:42:03Z 157.164.136.71 +fr {{Commune RDC 2005| nom=Commune La Gombe| ville=[[Kinshasa]]| bourgmestre=Mme [[Justine Kitubu Kamanda]]| lg=[[Lingála]]| supkm2=? | pop= ? | annéepop= [[1995]]| densité= ?| ProvII=[[Kinshasa|Kinshasa]]| ProvIII=[[Kinshasa (province Constitution 2005)|Kinshasa]] }} [[image:Kinshasa gombe 2001.jpg|thumb|La Gombe]] '''La Gombe''' tǒ mpé '''Gombe''' ezalí [[komini]] na Nor ya Engumba-Etuka [[Kinshasa]]. Esúkí na ebale [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Kɔ́ngɔ]] na Nor, mpé na [[boulevale ya 30 juin]] na Sudi. == Tála mpé == ===Nkásá o katí Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Nkásá o libanda Wikipedia=== *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_gombe_2001.jpg Carte de Gombe] (2001) *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *[http://home.scarlet.be/~godfr123/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) Sites de quelques institutions établie à Gombe *[http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Mokambi-ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa] *[http://www.bcc.cd/ Banque Centrale du Congo] *[http://www.fec.cd/ Fédération des Entreprises du Congo] *[http://kinshasa.usembassy.gov/ Ambassade des Étas-Unis d'Amérique en RD Congo] *[http://www.cenco.cd/ Conférence Épiscopale Nationale du Congo] *[http://www.monuc.org Monuc] *[http://www.golfclubkinshasa.cd/ Golf Club de Kinshasa] [[Category:Bakomini ya Kinshasa]] {{CommunesKinshasa}} [[fr:La Gombe (Kinshasa)]] 7047 2005-11-29T11:47:07Z 160.85.2.50 link {{Commune RDC 2005| nom=Commune La Gombe| ville=[[Kinshasa]]| bourgmestre=Mme [[Justine Kitubu Kamanda]]| lg=[[Lingála]]| supkm2=? | pop= ? | annéepop= [[1995]]| densité= ?| ProvII=[[Kinshasa|Kinshasa]]| ProvIII=[[Kinshasa (province Constitution 2005)|Kinshasa]] }} [[image:Kinshasa gombe 2001.jpg|thumb|La Gombe]] '''La Gombe''' tǒ mpé '''Gombe''' ezalí [[komini]] na [[Nor]] ya Engumba-Etuka [[Kinshasa]]. Esúkí na ebale [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Kɔ́ngɔ]] na Nor, mpé na [[boulevale ya 30 yuni]] na [[Sudi]]. == Tála mpé == ===Nkásá o katí Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Nkásá o libanda Wikipedia=== *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_gombe_2001.jpg Carte de Gombe] (2001) *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *[http://home.scarlet.be/~godfr123/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) Sites de quelques institutions établie à Gombe *[http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Mokambi-ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa] *[http://www.bcc.cd/ Banque Centrale du Congo] *[http://www.fec.cd/ Fédération des Entreprises du Congo] *[http://kinshasa.usembassy.gov/ Ambassade des Étas-Unis d'Amérique en RD Congo] *[http://www.cenco.cd/ Conférence Épiscopale Nationale du Congo] *[http://www.monuc.org Monuc] *[http://www.golfclubkinshasa.cd/ Golf Club de Kinshasa] [[Category:Bakomini ya Kinshasa]] {{CommunesKinshasa}} [[fr:La Gombe (Kinshasa)]] 7048 2005-11-29T11:49:19Z 160.85.2.50 interwiki en {{Commune RDC 2005| nom=Commune La Gombe| ville=[[Kinshasa]]| bourgmestre=Mme [[Justine Kitubu Kamanda]]| lg=[[Lingála]]| supkm2=? | pop= ? | annéepop= [[1995]]| densité= ?| ProvII=[[Kinshasa|Kinshasa]]| ProvIII=[[Kinshasa (province Constitution 2005)|Kinshasa]] }} [[image:Kinshasa gombe 2001.jpg|thumb|La Gombe]] '''La Gombe''' tǒ mpé '''Gombe''' ezalí [[komini]] na [[Nor]] ya Engumba-Etuka [[Kinshasa]]. Esúkí na ebale [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Kɔ́ngɔ]] na Nor, mpé na [[boulevale ya 30 yuni]] na [[Sudi]]. == Tála mpé == ===Nkásá o katí Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Nkásá o libanda Wikipedia=== *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_gombe_2001.jpg Carte de Gombe] (2001) *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *[http://home.scarlet.be/~godfr123/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) Sites de quelques institutions établie à Gombe *[http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Mokambi-ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa] *[http://www.bcc.cd/ Banque Centrale du Congo] *[http://www.fec.cd/ Fédération des Entreprises du Congo] *[http://kinshasa.usembassy.gov/ Ambassade des Étas-Unis d'Amérique en RD Congo] *[http://www.cenco.cd/ Conférence Épiscopale Nationale du Congo] *[http://www.monuc.org Monuc] *[http://www.golfclubkinshasa.cd/ Golf Club de Kinshasa] [[Category:Bakomini ya Kinshasa]] {{CommunesKinshasa}} [[fr:La Gombe (Kinshasa)]] [[en:La Gombe (Kinshasa)]] 8426 2006-06-15T00:08:55Z Moyogo 11 [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)]] moved to [[Gombe (Kinshasa)]] {{Commune RDC 2005| nom=Commune La Gombe| ville=[[Kinshasa]]| bourgmestre=Mme [[Justine Kitubu Kamanda]]| lg=[[Lingála]]| supkm2=? | pop= ? | annéepop= [[1995]]| densité= ?| ProvII=[[Kinshasa|Kinshasa]]| ProvIII=[[Kinshasa (province Constitution 2005)|Kinshasa]] }} [[image:Kinshasa gombe 2001.jpg|thumb|La Gombe]] '''La Gombe''' tǒ mpé '''Gombe''' ezalí [[komini]] na [[Nor]] ya Engumba-Etuka [[Kinshasa]]. Esúkí na ebale [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Kɔ́ngɔ]] na Nor, mpé na [[boulevale ya 30 yuni]] na [[Sudi]]. == Tála mpé == ===Nkásá o katí Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Nkásá o libanda Wikipedia=== *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_gombe_2001.jpg Carte de Gombe] (2001) *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *[http://home.scarlet.be/~godfr123/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) Sites de quelques institutions établie à Gombe *[http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Mokambi-ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa] *[http://www.bcc.cd/ Banque Centrale du Congo] *[http://www.fec.cd/ Fédération des Entreprises du Congo] *[http://kinshasa.usembassy.gov/ Ambassade des Étas-Unis d'Amérique en RD Congo] *[http://www.cenco.cd/ Conférence Épiscopale Nationale du Congo] *[http://www.monuc.org Monuc] *[http://www.golfclubkinshasa.cd/ Golf Club de Kinshasa] [[Category:Bakomini ya Kinshasa]] {{CommunesKinshasa}} [[fr:La Gombe (Kinshasa)]] [[en:La Gombe (Kinshasa)]] 8910 2006-07-15T04:08:44Z 70.108.150.15 [[es:La Gombe (Kinshasa)]] {{Commune RDC 2005| nom=Commune La Gombe| ville=[[Kinshasa]]| bourgmestre=Mme [[Justine Kitubu Kamanda]]| lg=[[Lingála]]| supkm2=? | pop= ? | annéepop= [[1995]]| densité= ?| ProvII=[[Kinshasa|Kinshasa]]| ProvIII=[[Kinshasa (province Constitution 2005)|Kinshasa]] }} [[image:Kinshasa gombe 2001.jpg|thumb|La Gombe]] '''La Gombe''' tǒ mpé '''Gombe''' ezalí [[komini]] na [[Nor]] ya Engumba-Etuka [[Kinshasa]]. Esúkí na ebale [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Kɔ́ngɔ]] na Nor, mpé na [[boulevale ya 30 yuni]] na [[Sudi]]. == Tála mpé == ===Nkásá o katí Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Nkásá o libanda Wikipedia=== *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_gombe_2001.jpg Carte de Gombe] (2001) *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *[http://home.scarlet.be/~godfr123/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) Sites de quelques institutions établie à Gombe *[http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Mokambi-ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa] *[http://www.bcc.cd/ Banque Centrale du Congo] *[http://www.fec.cd/ Fédération des Entreprises du Congo] *[http://kinshasa.usembassy.gov/ Ambassade des Étas-Unis d'Amérique en RD Congo] *[http://www.cenco.cd/ Conférence Épiscopale Nationale du Congo] *[http://www.monuc.org Monuc] *[http://www.golfclubkinshasa.cd/ Golf Club de Kinshasa] [[Category:Bakomini ya Kinshasa]] {{CommunesKinshasa}} [[es:La Gombe (Kinshasa)]] [[fr:La Gombe (Kinshasa)]] [[en:La Gombe (Kinshasa)]] 9735 2006-11-11T23:38:52Z Bombo 12 {{Commune RDC 2005| nom=Commune La Gombe| ville=[[Kinshasa]]| bourgmestre=Mme [[Justine Kitubu Kamanda]]| lg=[[Lingála]]| supkm2= 2 933 ha | pop= 32 373 hab. | annéepop= [[2004]] est.| densité= 1 103,75 hab./km²| ProvII=[[Kinshasa|Kinshasa]]| ProvIII=[[Kinshasa (province Constitution 2005)|Kinshasa]] }} [[image:Kinshasa gombe 2001.jpg|thumb|La Gombe]] '''La Gombe''' tǒ mpé '''Gombe''' ezalí [[komini]] na [[Nor]] ya Engumba-Etuka [[Kinshasa]]. Esúkí na ebale [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Kɔ́ngɔ]] na Nor, mpé na [[boulevale ya 30 yuni]] na [[Sudi]]. == Tála mpé == ===Nkásá o katí Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Nkásá o libanda Wikipedia=== *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_gombe_2001.jpg Carte de Gombe] (2001) *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *[http://home.scarlet.be/~godfr123/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) Sites de quelques institutions établie à Gombe *[http://www.presidentrdc.cd/ Mokambi-ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa] *[http://www.bcc.cd/ Banque Centrale du Congo] *[http://www.fec.cd/ Fédération des Entreprises du Congo] *[http://kinshasa.usembassy.gov/ Ambassade des Étas-Unis d'Amérique en RD Congo] *[http://www.cenco.cd/ Conférence Épiscopale Nationale du Congo] *[http://www.monuc.org Monuc] *[http://www.golfclubkinshasa.cd/ Golf Club de Kinshasa] [[Category:Bakomini ya Kinshasa]] {{CommunesKinshasa}} [[es:La Gombe (Kinshasa)]] [[fr:La Gombe (Kinshasa)]] [[en:La Gombe (Kinshasa)]] Ngaliema 1707 5734 2005-07-26T09:26:16Z Themalau 22 '''Ngaliema''' est une commune de l'ouest de la ville de [[Kinshasa]] en [[République démocratique du Congo]]. La commune s'étire de [[Kintambo]] vers le sud en montant le [[mont Ngaliema]], tout au long de la [[route de Matadi]]. Elle accueille les quartiers suivants : * Binza Ozone; * Binza Météo; * Binza Delvaux; * Binza I.P.N. La commune accueille par ailleurs le [[palais de Marbre]], ancienne résidence principale de [[Mobutu Sese Seko]], et le camp militaire Tshatshi. ==Voir aussi== ===Liens internes=== *[[Liste des communes de Kinshasa]] ===Liens externes=== *[http://www.rotarybinza.cd/ Rotary Club de Binza] *[http://www.safricas.cd/realisations/index_divers.html Photos des jardins du Mont Nagliema] *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *[http://katembo.fragland.net/gallery/cartes/PlanLeoC.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1960) *[http://home.scarlet.be/~godfr123/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) {{CommunesKinshasa}} 5735 2005-07-26T09:27:01Z Themalau 22 /* Liens internes */ '''Ngaliema''' est une commune de l'ouest de la ville de [[Kinshasa]] en [[République démocratique du Congo]]. La commune s'étire de [[Kintambo]] vers le sud en montant le [[mont Ngaliema]], tout au long de la [[route de Matadi]]. Elle accueille les quartiers suivants : * Binza Ozone; * Binza Météo; * Binza Delvaux; * Binza I.P.N. La commune accueille par ailleurs le [[palais de Marbre]], ancienne résidence principale de [[Mobutu Sese Seko]], et le camp militaire Tshatshi. ==Voir aussi== ===Mankasa okati Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Liens externes=== *[http://www.rotarybinza.cd/ Rotary Club de Binza] *[http://www.safricas.cd/realisations/index_divers.html Photos des jardins du Mont Nagliema] *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *[http://katembo.fragland.net/gallery/cartes/PlanLeoC.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1960) *[http://home.scarlet.be/~godfr123/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) {{CommunesKinshasa}} 5993 2005-08-16T10:32:49Z 157.164.136.71 +fr '''Ngaliema''' est une commune de l'ouest de la ville de [[Kinshasa]] en [[République démocratique du Congo]]. La commune s'étire de [[Kintambo]] vers le sud en montant le [[mont Ngaliema]], tout au long de la [[route de Matadi]]. Elle accueille les quartiers suivants : * Binza Ozone; * Binza Météo; * Binza Delvaux; * Binza I.P.N. La commune accueille par ailleurs le [[palais de Marbre]], ancienne résidence principale de [[Mobutu Sese Seko]], et le camp militaire Tshatshi. ==Voir aussi== ===Mankasa okati Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Liens externes=== *[http://www.rotarybinza.cd/ Rotary Club de Binza] *[http://www.safricas.cd/realisations/index_divers.html Photos des jardins du Mont Nagliema] *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *[http://katembo.fragland.net/gallery/cartes/PlanLeoC.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1960) *[http://home.scarlet.be/~godfr123/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) {{CommunesKinshasa}} [[fr:Ngaliema]] 6604 2005-10-27T14:51:23Z 160.85.2.50 {{Commune RDC 2005| nom=Commune de Maluku| ville=[[Kinshasa]]| bourgmestre=M. Mwanandeke| lg=[[Lingála]]| supkm2=?| pop= ?| annéepop= [[?]]| densité= ?| ProvII=[[Kinshasa|Kinshasa]]| ProvIII=[[Kinshasa (province Constitution 2005)|Kinshasa]] }} '''Ngaliema''' est une commune de l'ouest de la ville de [[Kinshasa]] en [[République démocratique du Congo]]. La commune s'étire de [[Kintambo]] vers le sud en montant le [[mont Ngaliema]], tout au long de la [[route de Matadi]]. Elle accueille les quartiers suivants : * Binza Ozone; * Binza Météo; * Binza Delvaux; * Binza I.P.N. La commune accueille par ailleurs le [[palais de Marbre]], ancienne résidence principale de [[Mobutu Sese Seko]], et le camp militaire Tshatshi. ==Voir aussi== ===Mankasa okati Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Liens externes=== *[http://www.rotarybinza.cd/ Rotary Club de Binza] *[http://www.safricas.cd/realisations/index_divers.html Photos des jardins du Mont Nagliema] *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *[http://katembo.fragland.net/gallery/cartes/PlanLeoC.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1960) *[http://home.scarlet.be/~godfr123/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) {{CommunesKinshasa}} [[fr:Ngaliema]] 6605 2005-10-27T14:52:00Z 160.85.2.50 {{Commune RDC 2005| nom=Commune de Ngaliema| ville=[[Kinshasa]]| bourgmestre=M. Mwanandeke| lg=[[Lingála]]| supkm2=?| pop= ?| annéepop= [[?]]| densité= ?| ProvII=[[Kinshasa|Kinshasa]]| ProvIII=[[Kinshasa (province Constitution 2005)|Kinshasa]] }} '''Ngaliema''' est une commune de l'ouest de la ville de [[Kinshasa]] en [[République démocratique du Congo]]. La commune s'étire de [[Kintambo]] vers le sud en montant le [[mont Ngaliema]], tout au long de la [[route de Matadi]]. Elle accueille les quartiers suivants : * Binza Ozone; * Binza Météo; * Binza Delvaux; * Binza I.P.N. La commune accueille par ailleurs le [[palais de Marbre]], ancienne résidence principale de [[Mobutu Sese Seko]], et le camp militaire Tshatshi. ==Voir aussi== ===Mankasa okati Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Liens externes=== *[http://www.rotarybinza.cd/ Rotary Club de Binza] *[http://www.safricas.cd/realisations/index_divers.html Photos des jardins du Mont Nagliema] *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *[http://katembo.fragland.net/gallery/cartes/PlanLeoC.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1960) *[http://home.scarlet.be/~godfr123/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) {{CommunesKinshasa}} [[fr:Ngaliema]] 6748 2005-11-05T17:50:08Z Blockinblox 38 {{lingála tɛ́}} {{lingála tɛ́}} {{Commune RDC 2005| nom=Commune de Ngaliema| ville=[[Kinshasa]]| bourgmestre=M. Mwanandeke| lg=[[Lingála]]| supkm2=?| pop= ?| annéepop= [[?]]| densité= ?| ProvII=[[Kinshasa|Kinshasa]]| ProvIII=[[Kinshasa (province Constitution 2005)|Kinshasa]] }} '''Ngaliema''' est une commune de l'ouest de la ville de [[Kinshasa]] en [[République démocratique du Congo]]. La commune s'étire de [[Kintambo]] vers le sud en montant le [[mont Ngaliema]], tout au long de la [[route de Matadi]]. Elle accueille les quartiers suivants : * Binza Ozone; * Binza Météo; * Binza Delvaux; * Binza I.P.N. La commune accueille par ailleurs le [[palais de Marbre]], ancienne résidence principale de [[Mobutu Sese Seko]], et le camp militaire Tshatshi. ==Voir aussi== ===Mankasa okati Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Liens externes=== *[http://www.rotarybinza.cd/ Rotary Club de Binza] *[http://www.safricas.cd/realisations/index_divers.html Photos des jardins du Mont Nagliema] *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *[http://katembo.fragland.net/gallery/cartes/PlanLeoC.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1960) *[http://home.scarlet.be/~godfr123/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) {{CommunesKinshasa}} [[fr:Ngaliema]] 6775 2005-11-07T10:47:00Z 160.85.2.50 {{lingála tɛ́}} {{Commune RDC 2005| nom=Commune de Ngaliema| ville=[[Kinshasa]]| bourgmestre=M. Mwanandeke| lg=[[Lingála]]| supkm2=?| pop= ?| annéepop= [[?]]| densité= ?| ProvII=[[Kinshasa|Kinshasa]]| ProvIII=[[Kinshasa (province Constitution 2005)|Kinshasa]] }} '''Ngaliema''' ezalí komini na ouest na kátikáti ya [[Kinshasa]] ya [[République démocratique du Congo]]. La commune s'étire de [[Kintambo]] vers le sud en montant le [[mont Ngaliema]], tout au long de la [[route de Matadi]]. Elle accueille les quartiers suivants : * Binza Ozone; * Binza Météo; * Binza Delvaux; * Binza I.P.N. La commune accueille par ailleurs le [[palais de Marbre]], ancienne résidence principale de [[Mobutu Sese Seko]], et le camp militaire Tshatshi. ==Voir aussi== ===Mankasa okati Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Liens externes=== *[http://www.rotarybinza.cd/ Rotary Club de Binza] *[http://www.safricas.cd/realisations/index_divers.html Photos des jardins du Mont Nagliema] *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *[http://katembo.fragland.net/gallery/cartes/PlanLeoC.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1960) *[http://home.scarlet.be/~godfr123/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) {{CommunesKinshasa}} [[fr:Ngaliema]] 6776 2005-11-07T10:48:07Z 160.85.2.50 {{lingála tɛ́}} {{Commune RDC 2005| nom=Commune de Ngaliema| ville=[[Kinshasa]]| bourgmestre=M. Mwanandeke| lg=[[Lingála]]| supkm2=?| pop= ?| annéepop= [[?]]| densité= ?| ProvII=[[Kinshasa|Kinshasa]]| ProvIII=[[Kinshasa (province Constitution 2005)|Kinshasa]] }} '''Ngaliema''' ezalí komini na ouest na kátikáti ya [[Kinshasa]] ya [[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]. La commune s'étire de [[Kintambo]] vers le sud en montant le [[mont Ngaliema]], tout au long de la [[route de Matadi]]. Elle accueille les quartiers suivants : * Binza Ozone; * Binza Météo; * Binza Delvaux; * Binza I.P.N. La commune accueille par ailleurs le [[palais de Marbre]], ancienne résidence principale de [[Mobutu Sese Seko]], et le camp militaire Tshatshi. ==Voir aussi== ===Mankasa okati Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Liens externes=== *[http://www.rotarybinza.cd/ Rotary Club de Binza] *[http://www.safricas.cd/realisations/index_divers.html Photos des jardins du Mont Nagliema] *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *[http://katembo.fragland.net/gallery/cartes/PlanLeoC.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1960) *[http://home.scarlet.be/~godfr123/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) {{CommunesKinshasa}} [[fr:Ngaliema]] 6941 2005-11-21T00:40:28Z Blockinblox 38 rm template; traduction commencait {{Commune RDC 2005| nom=Commune de Ngaliema| ville=[[Kinshasa]]| bourgmestre=M. Mwanandeke| lg=[[Lingála]]| supkm2=?| pop= ?| annéepop= [[?]]| densité= ?| ProvII=[[Kinshasa|Kinshasa]]| ProvIII=[[Kinshasa (province Constitution 2005)|Kinshasa]] }} '''Ngaliema''' ezalí komini na ouest na kátikáti ya [[Kinshasa]] ya [[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]. La commune s'étire de [[Kintambo]] vers le sud en montant le [[mont Ngaliema]], tout au long de la [[route de Matadi]]. Elle accueille les quartiers suivants : * Binza Ozone; * Binza Météo; * Binza Delvaux; * Binza I.P.N. La commune accueille par ailleurs le [[palais de Marbre]], ancienne résidence principale de [[Mobutu Sese Seko]], et le camp militaire Tshatshi. ==Voir aussi== ===Mankasa okati Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Liens externes=== *[http://www.rotarybinza.cd/ Rotary Club de Binza] *[http://www.safricas.cd/realisations/index_divers.html Photos des jardins du Mont Nagliema] *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *[http://katembo.fragland.net/gallery/cartes/PlanLeoC.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1960) *[http://home.scarlet.be/~godfr123/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) {{CommunesKinshasa}} [[fr:Ngaliema]] 6944 2005-11-21T06:21:47Z Moyogo 11 +bobóngoli na nkóta {{Bobóngoli na nkóta}} {{Commune RDC 2005| nom=Commune de Ngaliema| ville=[[Kinshasa]]| bourgmestre=M. Mwanandeke| lg=[[Lingála]]| supkm2=?| pop= ?| annéepop= [[?]]| densité= ?| ProvII=[[Kinshasa|Kinshasa]]| ProvIII=[[Kinshasa (province Constitution 2005)|Kinshasa]] }} '''Ngaliema''' ezalí komini na ouest na kátikáti ya [[Kinshasa]] ya [[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]. La commune s'étire de [[Kintambo]] vers le sud en montant le [[mont Ngaliema]], tout au long de la [[route de Matadi]]. Elle accueille les quartiers suivants : * Binza Ozone; * Binza Météo; * Binza Delvaux; * Binza I.P.N. La commune accueille par ailleurs le [[palais de Marbre]], ancienne résidence principale de [[Mobutu Sese Seko]], et le camp militaire Tshatshi. ==Voir aussi== ===Mankasa okati Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Liens externes=== *[http://www.rotarybinza.cd/ Rotary Club de Binza] *[http://www.safricas.cd/realisations/index_divers.html Photos des jardins du Mont Nagliema] *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *[http://katembo.fragland.net/gallery/cartes/PlanLeoC.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1960) *[http://home.scarlet.be/~godfr123/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) {{CommunesKinshasa}} [[fr:Ngaliema]] 7013 2005-11-24T11:36:16Z 160.85.2.50 Category {{Bobóngoli na nkóta}} {{Commune RDC 2005| nom=Commune de Ngaliema| ville=[[Kinshasa]]| bourgmestre=M. Mwanandeke| lg=[[Lingála]]| supkm2=?| pop= ?| annéepop= [[?]]| densité= ?| ProvII=[[Kinshasa|Kinshasa]]| ProvIII=[[Kinshasa (province Constitution 2005)|Kinshasa]] }} '''Ngaliema''' ezalí komini na ouest na kátikáti ya [[Kinshasa]] ya [[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]. La commune s'étire de [[Kintambo]] vers le sud en montant le [[mont Ngaliema]], tout au long de la [[route de Matadi]]. Elle accueille les quartiers suivants : * Binza Ozone; * Binza Météo; * Binza Delvaux; * Binza I.P.N. La commune accueille par ailleurs le [[palais de Marbre]], ancienne résidence principale de [[Mobutu Sese Seko]], et le camp militaire Tshatshi. ==Voir aussi== ===Mankasa okati Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Liens externes=== *[http://www.rotarybinza.cd/ Rotary Club de Binza] *[http://www.safricas.cd/realisations/index_divers.html Photos des jardins du Mont Nagliema] *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *[http://katembo.fragland.net/gallery/cartes/PlanLeoC.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1960) *[http://home.scarlet.be/~godfr123/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) {{CommunesKinshasa}} [[fr:Ngaliema]] [[Category:Ba komini ya Kinshasa]] 7239 2005-12-06T14:15:58Z 160.85.2.50 {{Bobóngoli na nkóta}} {{Commune RDC 2005| nom=Commune de Ngaliema| ville=[[Kinshasa]]| bourgmestre=M. Mwanandeke| lg=[[Lingála]]| supkm2=?| pop= ?| annéepop= [[?]]| densité= ?| ProvII=[[Kinshasa|Kinshasa]]| ProvIII=[[Kinshasa (province Constitution 2005)|Kinshasa]] }} '''Ngaliema''' ezalí komini na ouest na kátikáti ya [[Kinshasa]] ya [[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]. La commune s'étire de [[Kintambo]] vers le sud en montant le [[mont Ngaliema]], tout au long de la [[route de Matadi]]. Elle accueille les quartiers suivants : * Binza Ozone; * Binza Météo; * Binza Delvaux; * Binza I.P.N. La commune accueille par ailleurs le [[palais de Marbre]], ancienne résidence principale de [[Mobutu Sese Seko]], et le camp militaire Tshatshi. ==Voir aussi== ===Mankasa okati Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Liens externes=== *[http://www.rotarybinza.cd/ Rotary Club de Binza] *[http://www.safricas.cd/realisations/index_divers.html Photos des jardins du Mont Nagliema] *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *[http://katembo.fragland.net/gallery/cartes/PlanLeoC.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1960) *[http://home.scarlet.be/~godfr123/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) {{CommunesKinshasa}} [[fr:Ngaliema]] [[Category:Bakomini ya Kinshasa]] 7254 2005-12-07T07:58:33Z 160.85.2.50 /* Voir aussi */ -> Tala mpé {{Bobóngoli na nkóta}} {{Commune RDC 2005| nom=Commune de Ngaliema| ville=[[Kinshasa]]| bourgmestre=M. Mwanandeke| lg=[[Lingála]]| supkm2=?| pop= ?| annéepop= [[?]]| densité= ?| ProvII=[[Kinshasa|Kinshasa]]| ProvIII=[[Kinshasa (province Constitution 2005)|Kinshasa]] }} '''Ngaliema''' ezalí komini na ouest na kátikáti ya [[Kinshasa]] ya [[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]. La commune s'étire de [[Kintambo]] vers le sud en montant le [[mont Ngaliema]], tout au long de la [[route de Matadi]]. Elle accueille les quartiers suivants : * Binza Ozone; * Binza Météo; * Binza Delvaux; * Binza I.P.N. La commune accueille par ailleurs le [[palais de Marbre]], ancienne résidence principale de [[Mobutu Sese Seko]], et le camp militaire Tshatshi. ==Tála mpé== ===Mankasa okati Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Nkásá o libándá=== *[http://www.rotarybinza.cd/ Rotary Club de Binza] *[http://www.safricas.cd/realisations/index_divers.html Photos des jardins du Mont Nagliema] *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *[http://katembo.fragland.net/gallery/cartes/PlanLeoC.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1960) *[http://home.scarlet.be/~godfr123/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) {{CommunesKinshasa}} [[fr:Ngaliema]] [[Category:Bakomini ya Kinshasa]] 7607 2006-01-11T11:42:02Z Bombo 12 link {{Bobóngoli na nkóta}} {{Commune RDC 2005| nom=Commune de Ngaliema| ville=[[Kinshasa]]| bourgmestre=[[M. Mwanandeke]]| lg=[[Lingála]]| supkm2=?| pop= ?| annéepop= [[?]]| densité= ?| ProvII=[[Kinshasa|Kinshasa]]| ProvIII=[[Kinshasa (province Constitution 2005)|Kinshasa]] }} '''Ngaliema''' ezalí komini na ouest na kátikáti ya [[Kinshasa]] ya [[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]. La commune s'étire de [[Kintambo]] vers le sud en montant le [[mont Ngaliema]], tout au long de la [[route de Matadi]]. Elle accueille les quartiers suivants : * Binza Ozone; * Binza Météo; * Binza Delvaux; * Binza I.P.N. La commune accueille par ailleurs le [[palais de Marbre]], ancienne résidence principale de [[Mobutu Sese Seko]], et le camp militaire Tshatshi. ==Tála mpé== ===Mankasa okati Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Nkásá o libándá=== *[http://www.rotarybinza.cd/ Rotary Club de Binza] *[http://www.safricas.cd/realisations/index_divers.html Photos des jardins du Mont Nagliema] *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *[http://katembo.fragland.net/gallery/cartes/PlanLeoC.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1960) *[http://home.scarlet.be/~godfr123/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) {{CommunesKinshasa}} [[fr:Ngaliema]] [[Category:Bakomini ya Kinshasa]] 7611 2006-01-12T14:08:39Z 160.85.2.50 link {{Bobóngoli na nkóta}} {{Commune RDC 2005| nom=Commune de Ngaliema| ville=[[Kinshasa]]| bourgmestre=[[Charles Mwanandeke|M. Mwanandeke]]| lg=[[Lingála]]| supkm2=?| pop= ?| annéepop= [[?]]| densité= ?| ProvII=[[Kinshasa|Kinshasa]]| ProvIII=[[Kinshasa (province Constitution 2005)|Kinshasa]] }} '''Ngaliema''' ezalí komini na ouest na kátikáti ya [[Kinshasa]] ya [[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]. La commune s'étire de [[Kintambo]] vers le sud en montant le [[mont Ngaliema]], tout au long de la [[route de Matadi]]. Elle accueille les quartiers suivants : * Binza Ozone; * Binza Météo; * Binza Delvaux; * Binza I.P.N. La commune accueille par ailleurs le [[palais de Marbre]], ancienne résidence principale de [[Mobutu Sese Seko]], et le camp militaire Tshatshi. ==Tála mpé== ===Mankasa okati Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Nkásá o libándá=== *[http://www.rotarybinza.cd/ Rotary Club de Binza] *[http://www.safricas.cd/realisations/index_divers.html Photos des jardins du Mont Nagliema] *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *[http://katembo.fragland.net/gallery/cartes/PlanLeoC.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1960) *[http://home.scarlet.be/~godfr123/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) {{CommunesKinshasa}} [[fr:Ngaliema]] [[Category:Bakomini ya Kinshasa]] 7925 2006-03-31T05:27:46Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: en {{Bobóngoli na nkóta}} {{Commune RDC 2005| nom=Commune de Ngaliema| ville=[[Kinshasa]]| bourgmestre=[[Charles Mwanandeke|M. Mwanandeke]]| lg=[[Lingála]]| supkm2=?| pop= ?| annéepop= [[?]]| densité= ?| ProvII=[[Kinshasa|Kinshasa]]| ProvIII=[[Kinshasa (province Constitution 2005)|Kinshasa]] }} '''Ngaliema''' ezalí komini na ouest na kátikáti ya [[Kinshasa]] ya [[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]. La commune s'étire de [[Kintambo]] vers le sud en montant le [[mont Ngaliema]], tout au long de la [[route de Matadi]]. Elle accueille les quartiers suivants : * Binza Ozone; * Binza Météo; * Binza Delvaux; * Binza I.P.N. La commune accueille par ailleurs le [[palais de Marbre]], ancienne résidence principale de [[Mobutu Sese Seko]], et le camp militaire Tshatshi. ==Tála mpé== ===Mankasa okati Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Nkásá o libándá=== *[http://www.rotarybinza.cd/ Rotary Club de Binza] *[http://www.safricas.cd/realisations/index_divers.html Photos des jardins du Mont Nagliema] *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *[http://katembo.fragland.net/gallery/cartes/PlanLeoC.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1960) *[http://home.scarlet.be/~godfr123/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) {{CommunesKinshasa}} [[Category:Bakomini ya Kinshasa]] [[en:Ngaliema]] [[fr:Ngaliema]] 9733 2006-11-11T23:35:06Z Bombo 12 {{Bobóngoli na nkóta}} {{Commune RDC 2005| nom=Commune de Ngaliema| ville=[[Kinshasa]]| bourgmestre=[[Charles Mwanandeke|M. Mwanandeke]]| lg=[[Lingála]]| supkm2= 22 430 ha| pop= 682 135 hab.| annéepop= [[2004]] est.| densité= 3 041,17 hab./km²| ProvII=[[Kinshasa|Kinshasa]]| ProvIII=[[Kinshasa (province Constitution 2005)|Kinshasa]] }} '''Ngaliema''' ezalí komini na ouest na kátikáti ya [[Kinshasa]] ya [[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]. La commune s'étire de [[Kintambo]] vers le sud en montant le [[mont Ngaliema]], tout au long de la [[route de Matadi]]. Elle accueille les quartiers suivants : * Binza Ozone; * Binza Météo; * Binza Delvaux; * Binza I.P.N. La commune accueille par ailleurs le [[palais de Marbre]], ancienne résidence principale de [[Mobutu Sese Seko]], et le camp militaire Tshatshi. ==Tála mpé== ===Mankasa okati Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Nkásá o libándá=== *[http://www.rotarybinza.cd/ Rotary Club de Binza] *[http://www.safricas.cd/realisations/index_divers.html Photos des jardins du Mont Nagliema] *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] (2001) *[http://katembo.fragland.net/gallery/cartes/PlanLeoC.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1960) *[http://home.scarlet.be/~godfr123/cartes/carte_leopoldville_1954.jpg Carte de Léopoldville] (1954) {{CommunesKinshasa}} [[Category:Bakomini ya Kinshasa]] [[en:Ngaliema]] [[fr:Ngaliema]] Maluku (Congo) 1708 5736 2005-07-26T09:35:19Z Themalau 22 {{ndambo}} [[Image:Maluku.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Baleinière sur le Congo au niveau de Maluku]] '''Maluku''' ezali na mosika komini ya monene koleka, okati engumba [[Kinshasa]]. Ekoki solo 79% ya etando wa engumba ena. Ekutani o eteni Nor-Este ya engumba-etuka, na ebimeli ya likolo ya [[Pool Malebo]] (eyebanaki kala o nkombo ''Stanley Pool''). Le lieu est connu pour avoir hébergé une importante usine sidérurgique de 1974 à 1976 (traitement à froid) et 1980 (traitement à chaud). ==Tala mpe== ===Mankasa okati Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia=== *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] [[Category:Ba komini ya Kinshasa]] 5992 2005-08-16T10:29:22Z 157.164.136.71 +fr {{ndambo}} [[Image:Maluku.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Baleinière sur le Congo au niveau de Maluku]] '''Maluku''' ezali na mosika komini ya monene koleka, okati engumba [[Kinshasa]]. Ekoki solo 79% ya etando wa engumba ena. Ekutani o eteni Nor-Este ya engumba-etuka, na ebimeli ya likolo ya [[Pool Malebo]] (eyebanaki kala o nkombo ''Stanley Pool''). Le lieu est connu pour avoir hébergé une importante usine sidérurgique de 1974 à 1976 (traitement à froid) et 1980 (traitement à chaud). ==Tala mpe== ===Mankasa okati Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia=== *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] [[Category:Ba komini ya Kinshasa]] [[fr:Maluku (Congo)]] 6599 2005-10-27T14:14:49Z 160.85.2.50 template img {{ndambo}} {{Commune RDC 2005| nom=Commune de Maluku| ville=[[Kinshasa]]| bourgmestre=M. [[Lovodi Kale]]| lg=[[Lingala]]| supkm2=7948,8| pop= 65.000| annéepop= [[1995]]| densité= 8| ProvII=[[Kinshasa|Kinshasa]]| ProvIII=[[Kinshasa (province Constitution 2005)|Kinshasa]] }} [[Image:Maluku.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Baleinière sur le Congo au niveau de Maluku]] '''Maluku''' ezali na mosika komini ya monene koleka, okati engumba [[Kinshasa]]. Ekoki solo 79% ya etando wa engumba ena. Ekutani o eteni Nor-Este ya engumba-etuka, na ebimeli ya likolo ya [[Pool Malebo]] (eyebanaki kala o nkombo ''Stanley Pool''). Le lieu est connu pour avoir hébergé une importante usine sidérurgique de 1974 à 1976 (traitement à froid) et 1980 (traitement à chaud). ==Tala mpe== ===Mankasa okati Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia=== *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] [[Category:Ba komini ya Kinshasa]] [[fr:Maluku (Congo)]] {{CommunesKinshasa}} 7238 2005-12-06T14:15:27Z 160.85.2.50 {{ndambo}} {{Commune RDC 2005| nom=Commune de Maluku| ville=[[Kinshasa]]| bourgmestre=M. [[Lovodi Kale]]| lg=[[Lingala]]| supkm2=7948,8| pop= 65.000| annéepop= [[1995]]| densité= 8| ProvII=[[Kinshasa|Kinshasa]]| ProvIII=[[Kinshasa (province Constitution 2005)|Kinshasa]] }} [[Image:Maluku.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Baleinière sur le Congo au niveau de Maluku]] '''Maluku''' ezali na mosika komini ya monene koleka, okati engumba [[Kinshasa]]. Ekoki solo 79% ya etando wa engumba ena. Ekutani o eteni Nor-Este ya engumba-etuka, na ebimeli ya likolo ya [[Pool Malebo]] (eyebanaki kala o nkombo ''Stanley Pool''). Le lieu est connu pour avoir hébergé une importante usine sidérurgique de 1974 à 1976 (traitement à froid) et 1980 (traitement à chaud). ==Tala mpe== ===Mankasa okati Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia=== *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] [[Category:Bakomini ya Kinshasa]] [[fr:Maluku (Congo)]] {{CommunesKinshasa}} 7601 2006-01-11T11:06:36Z Bombo 12 Lingala > Lingála {{ndambo}} {{Commune RDC 2005| nom=Commune de Maluku| ville=[[Kinshasa]]| bourgmestre=M. [[Lovodi Kale]]| lg=[[Lingála]]| supkm2=7948,8| pop= 65.000| annéepop= [[1995]]| densité= 8| ProvII=[[Kinshasa|Kinshasa]]| ProvIII=[[Kinshasa (province Constitution 2005)|Kinshasa]] }} [[Image:Maluku.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Baleinière sur le Congo au niveau de Maluku]] '''Maluku''' ezali na mosika komini ya monene koleka, okati engumba [[Kinshasa]]. Ekoki solo 79% ya etando wa engumba ena. Ekutani o eteni Nor-Este ya engumba-etuka, na ebimeli ya likolo ya [[Pool Malebo]] (eyebanaki kala o nkombo ''Stanley Pool''). Le lieu est connu pour avoir hébergé une importante usine sidérurgique de 1974 à 1976 (traitement à froid) et 1980 (traitement à chaud). ==Tala mpe== ===Mankasa okati Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia=== *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] [[Category:Bakomini ya Kinshasa]] [[fr:Maluku (Congo)]] {{CommunesKinshasa}} 7604 2006-01-11T11:11:45Z Moyogo 11 {{ndámbo}} {{Commune RDC 2005| nom=Commune de Maluku| ville=[[Kinshasa]]| bourgmestre=M. [[Lovodi Kale]]| lg=[[Lingála]]| supkm2=7948,8| pop= 65.000| annéepop= [[1995]]| densité= 8| ProvII=[[Kinshasa|Kinshasa]]| ProvIII=[[Kinshasa (province Constitution 2005)|Kinshasa]] }} [[Image:Maluku.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Baleinière sur le Congo au niveau de Maluku]] '''Maluku''' ezalí na mosíká komini ya monɛ́nɛ koleka, o kati engúmba [[Kinshasa]]. Ekokí sɔ̂lɔ 79% ya etando wa engúmba êná. Ekutani o eténi Nor-Este ya engúmba-etuka, na ebimélí ya likoló ya [[Pool Malebo]] (eyébánákí kala o nkómbó ''Stanley Pool''). ''Le lieu est connu pour avoir hébergé une importante usine sidérurgique de 1974 à 1976 (traitement à froid) et 1980 (traitement à chaud).'' ==Tálá mpé== ===Mankásá o káti Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia=== *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] [[Category:Bakomini ya Kinshasa]] [[fr:Maluku (Congo)]] {{CommunesKinshasa}} 7605 2006-01-11T11:17:57Z Moyogo 11 {{ndámbo}} {{Commune RDC 2005| nom=Commune de Maluku| ville=[[Kinshasa]]| bourgmestre=M. [[Lovodi Kale]]| lg=[[Lingála]]| supkm2=7948,8| pop= 65.000| annéepop= [[1995]]| densité= 8| ProvII=[[Kinshasa|Kinshasa]]| ProvIII=[[Kinshasa (province Constitution 2005)|Kinshasa]] }} [[Image:Maluku.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Baleinière sur le Congo au niveau de Maluku]] '''Maluku''' ezalí na mosíká komini ya monɛ́nɛ koleka, o kati engúmba [[Kinshasa]]. Ekokí sɔ̂lɔ 79% ya etando wa engúmba êná. Ekutani o eténi Nor-Este ya engúmba-etuka, na ebimélí ya likoló ya [[Pool Malebo]] (eyébánákí kala o nkómbó ''Stanley Pool''). Ezaláká motóngá [[etúleli]] ya [[aluminyu]]. ==Tálá mpé== ===Mankásá o káti Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia=== *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] [[Category:Bakomini ya Kinshasa]] [[fr:Maluku (Congo)]] {{CommunesKinshasa}} 8425 2006-06-15T00:08:01Z Moyogo 11 {{ndámbo}} {{Commune RDC 2005| nom=Commune de Maluku| ville=[[Kinshasa]]| bourgmestre=M. [[Lovodi Kale]]| lg=[[Lingála]]| supkm2=7948,8| pop= 65.000| annéepop= [[1995]]| densité= 8| ProvII=[[Kinshasa|Kinshasa]]| ProvIII=[[Kinshasa (province Constitution 2005)|Kinshasa]] }} [[Image:Maluku.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Baleinière sur le Congo au niveau de Maluku]] '''Maluku''' ezalí na mosíká komine ya monɛ́nɛ koleka, o kati engúmba [[Kinshasa]]. Ekokí sɔ̂lɔ́ 79% ya etando wa engúmba êná. Ekutani o eténi Nor-Este ya engúmba-etuka, na ebimélí ya likoló ya [[Pool Malebo]] (eyébánákí kala o nkómbó ''Stanley Pool''). Ezaláká motóngá [[etúleli]] ya [[aluminyu]]. ==Tálá mpé== ===Mankásá o káti Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya bakomini ya Kinshasa]] ===Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia=== *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/kinshasa_2001.jpg Carte de la ville de Kinshasa] [[Category:Bakomini ya Kinshasa]] [[fr:Maluku (Congo)]] {{CommunesKinshasa}} Kikongo 1709 5749 2005-07-27T06:10:16Z Moyogo 11 [[Kikongo]] moved to [[Kikɔ́ngɔ]]: ortho #redirect [[Kikɔ́ngɔ]] Moleli 1710 5754 2005-07-27T15:36:55Z Moyogo 11 +ndámbo +kat {{ndámbo}} [[fr:Voyelle]][[br:Vogalenn]] [[ca:Vocal]] [[de:Vokal]] [[en:Vowel]] [[es:Vocal]] [[eo:Vokalo]] [[ko:홀소리]] [[io:Vokalo]] [[it:Vocale]] [[he:תנועה (בלשנות)]] [[nah:Tsilinitl]] [[nl:Klinker (klank)]] [[ja:母音]] [[no:Vokal]] [[nn:Vokal]] [[pl:Samogłoska]] [[pt:Vogal]] [[fi:Vokaali]] [[sv:Vokal]] [[zh:元音]] 7968 2006-04-05T04:51:13Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: fiu-vro, gl, kw, ro, roa-rup {{ndámbo}} [[br:Vogalenn]] [[ca:Vocal]] [[de:Vokal]] [[en:Vowel]] [[eo:Vokalo]] [[es:Vocal]] [[fi:Vokaali]] [[fiu-vro:Vabahelü]] [[fr:Voyelle]] [[gl:Vogal]] [[he:תנועה (בלשנות)]] [[io:Vokalo]] [[it:Vocale]] [[ja:母音]] [[ko:홀소리]] [[kw:Bogalenn]] [[nah:Tsilinitl]] [[nl:Klinker (klank)]] [[nn:Vokal]] [[no:Vokal]] [[pl:Samogłoska]] [[pt:Vogal]] [[ro:Vocală]] [[roa-rup:Vocală]] [[sv:Vokal]] [[zh:元音]] 8943 2006-07-22T20:35:54Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: als, cs, hi, wa {{ndámbo}} [[als:Vokal]] [[br:Vogalenn]] [[ca:Vocal]] [[cs:Samohláska]] [[de:Vokal]] [[en:Vowel]] [[eo:Vokalo]] [[es:Vocal]] [[fi:Vokaali]] [[fiu-vro:Vabahelü]] [[fr:Voyelle]] [[gl:Vogal]] [[he:תנועה (בלשנות)]] [[hi:स्वर]] [[io:Vokalo]] [[it:Vocale]] [[ja:母音]] [[ko:홀소리]] [[kw:Bogalenn]] [[nah:Tsilinitl]] [[nl:Klinker (klank)]] [[nn:Vokal]] [[no:Vokal]] [[pl:Samogłoska]] [[pt:Vogal]] [[ro:Vocală]] [[roa-rup:Vocală]] [[sv:Vokal]] [[wa:Voyale]] [[zh:元音]] Molelisi 1711 5756 2005-07-27T15:47:17Z Moyogo 11 +ndámbo +interwiki [[br:Kensonenn]] [[de:Konsonant]] [[en:Consonant]] [[es:Consonante]] [[eo:Konsonanto]] [[ko:닿소리]] [[io:Konsonanto]] [[id:Konsonan]] [[he:עיצור]] [[nl:Medeklinker]] [[ja:子音]] [[nb:Konsonant]] [[nn:Konsonant]] [[pl:Spółgłoska]] [[pt:Consoante]] [[fi:Konsonantti]] [[sv:Konsonant]] [[wa:Cossoune]] [[zh:辅音]] {{ndámbo}} 7962 2006-04-05T04:47:13Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: ca, da, fr, hi, is, it, kw, ro, th {{ndámbo}} [[br:Kensonenn]] [[ca:Consonant]] [[da:Konsonant]] [[de:Konsonant]] [[en:Consonant]] [[eo:Konsonanto]] [[es:Consonante]] [[fi:Konsonantti]] [[fr:Consonne]] [[he:עיצור]] [[hi:व्यंजन]] [[id:Konsonan]] [[io:Konsonanto]] [[is:Samhljóð]] [[it:Consonante]] [[ja:子音]] [[ko:닿소리]] [[kw:Kessonenn]] [[nl:Medeklinker]] [[nn:Konsonant]] [[no:Konsonant]] [[pl:Spółgłoska]] [[pt:Consoante]] [[ro:Consoană]] [[sv:Konsonant]] [[th:พยัญชนะ]] [[wa:Cossoune]] [[zh:辅音]] 9035 2006-08-02T06:07:00Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: [[als:Konsonant]], [[cs:Souhláska]], [[gl:Consoante]] {{ndámbo}} [[als:Konsonant]] [[br:Kensonenn]] [[ca:Consonant]] [[cs:Souhláska]] [[da:Konsonant]] [[de:Konsonant]] [[en:Consonant]] [[eo:Konsonanto]] [[es:Consonante]] [[fi:Konsonantti]] [[fr:Consonne]] [[gl:Consoante]] [[he:עיצור]] [[hi:व्यंजन]] [[id:Konsonan]] [[io:Konsonanto]] [[is:Samhljóð]] [[it:Consonante]] [[ja:子音]] [[ko:닿소리]] [[kw:Kessonenn]] [[nl:Medeklinker]] [[nn:Konsonant]] [[no:Konsonant]] [[pl:Spółgłoska]] [[pt:Consoante]] [[ro:Consoană]] [[sv:Konsonant]] [[th:พยัญชนะ]] [[wa:Cossoune]] [[zh:辅音]] 9321 2006-09-05T16:03:04Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: ru, sk {{ndámbo}} [[als:Konsonant]] [[br:Kensonenn]] [[ca:Consonant]] [[cs:Souhláska]] [[da:Konsonant]] [[de:Konsonant]] [[en:Consonant]] [[eo:Konsonanto]] [[es:Consonante]] [[fi:Konsonantti]] [[fr:Consonne]] [[gl:Consoante]] [[he:עיצור]] [[hi:व्यंजन]] [[id:Konsonan]] [[io:Konsonanto]] [[is:Samhljóð]] [[it:Consonante]] [[ja:子音]] [[ko:닿소리]] [[kw:Kessonenn]] [[nl:Medeklinker]] [[nn:Konsonant]] [[no:Konsonant]] [[pl:Spółgłoska]] [[pt:Consoante]] [[ro:Consoană]] [[ru:Согласный звук]] [[sk:Spoluhláska]] [[sv:Konsonant]] [[th:พยัญชนะ]] [[wa:Cossoune]] [[zh:辅音]] 9330 2006-09-07T15:29:46Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: simple {{ndámbo}} [[als:Konsonant]] [[br:Kensonenn]] [[ca:Consonant]] [[cs:Souhláska]] [[da:Konsonant]] [[de:Konsonant]] [[en:Consonant]] [[eo:Konsonanto]] [[es:Consonante]] [[fi:Konsonantti]] [[fr:Consonne]] [[gl:Consoante]] [[he:עיצור]] [[hi:व्यंजन]] [[id:Konsonan]] [[io:Konsonanto]] [[is:Samhljóð]] [[it:Consonante]] [[ja:子音]] [[ko:닿소리]] [[kw:Kessonenn]] [[nl:Medeklinker]] [[nn:Konsonant]] [[no:Konsonant]] [[pl:Spółgłoska]] [[pt:Consoante]] [[ro:Consoană]] [[ru:Согласный звук]] [[simple:Consonant]] [[sk:Spoluhláska]] [[sv:Konsonant]] [[th:พยัญชนะ]] [[wa:Cossoune]] [[zh:辅音]] User:CyeZ 1712 5758 2005-07-27T16:58:55Z CyeZ 24 You can usually find me on the [[:nl:Gebruiker:CyeZ|Dutch Wikipedia]]. Talk should be directed [[:nl:Overleg gebruiker:CyeZ|there]]. Comments can be placed in Dutch, English or German. Response will be in Dutch or English. I also run an interwiki-bot with the name [[:nl:Gebruiker:CyeZBot|CyeZBot]]. User:CyeZBot 1713 5759 2005-07-27T17:01:38Z CyeZBot 25 <nowiki>*brzt *brzzt. I'm the bot of</nowiki> [[:nl:Gebruiker:CyeZ|CyeZ]] (dutch). <nowiki>*bzzt *krrrrk *pling</nowiki> Please direct comments to my dutch talk pages [[:nl:Overleg gebruiker:CyeZ|here]] or [[:nl:Overleg gebruiker:CyeZBot|here]]. 6620 2005-11-02T11:57:06Z Bombo 12 cat bot <nowiki>*brzt *brzzt. I'm the bot of</nowiki> [[:nl:Gebruiker:CyeZ|CyeZ]] (dutch). <nowiki>*bzzt *krrrrk *pling</nowiki> Please direct comments to my dutch talk pages [[:nl:Overleg gebruiker:CyeZ|here]] or [[:nl:Overleg gebruiker:CyeZBot|here]]. [[Category:Wikipedia Bot]] MediaWiki:Exif-focalplaneresolutionunit-2 1714 sysop 5779 2005-07-29T10:52:02Z MediaWiki default inches MediaWiki:Exif-subjectdistance-value 1715 sysop 5782 2005-07-29T10:52:02Z MediaWiki default $1 metres MediaWiki:Exif-xyresolution-c 1716 sysop 5784 2005-07-29T10:52:02Z MediaWiki default $1 dpc MediaWiki:Exif-xyresolution-i 1717 sysop 5785 2005-07-29T10:52:02Z MediaWiki default $1 dpi MediaWiki:Shareddescriptionfollows 1718 sysop 5808 2005-07-29T10:52:04Z MediaWiki default - MediaWiki:Skinpreview 1719 sysop 5813 2005-07-29T10:52:04Z MediaWiki default (Preview) MediaWiki:Trackback 1720 sysop 5818 2005-07-29T10:52:04Z MediaWiki default ; $4$5 : [$2 $1] 6021 2005-08-19T23:24:05Z MediaWiki default ; $4$5 : [$2 $1] 6142 2005-09-05T09:37:08Z MediaWiki default ; $4$5 : [$2 $1] 6861 2005-11-09T22:45:17Z MediaWiki default ; $4$5 : [$2 $1] 7069 2005-11-29T21:17:27Z MediaWiki default ; $4$5 : [$2 $1] 7107 2005-12-02T02:29:56Z MediaWiki default ; $4$5 : [$2 $1] 7128 2005-12-02T04:04:52Z MediaWiki default ; $4$5 : [$2 $1] MediaWiki:Trackbackbox 1721 sysop 5819 2005-07-29T10:52:04Z MediaWiki default <div id='mw_trackbacks'> Trackbacks for this article:<br/> $1 </div> 6022 2005-08-19T23:24:05Z MediaWiki default <div id='mw_trackbacks'> Trackbacks for this article:<br /> $1 </div> 6143 2005-09-05T09:37:08Z MediaWiki default <div id='mw_trackbacks'> Trackbacks for this article:<br /> $1 </div> 6862 2005-11-09T22:45:17Z MediaWiki default <div id='mw_trackbacks'> Trackbacks for this article:<br /> $1 </div> 7070 2005-11-29T21:17:27Z MediaWiki default <div id='mw_trackbacks'> Trackbacks for this article:<br /> $1 </div> 7108 2005-12-02T02:29:56Z MediaWiki default <div id='mw_trackbacks'> Trackbacks for this article:<br /> $1 </div> 7129 2005-12-02T04:04:52Z MediaWiki default <div id='mw_trackbacks'> Trackbacks for this article:<br /> $1 </div> 7435 2005-12-22T07:25:05Z MediaWiki default <div id="mw_trackbacks"> Trackbacks for this article:<br /> $1 </div> MediaWiki:Trackbackdeleteok 1722 sysop 5820 2005-07-29T10:52:05Z MediaWiki default The trackback was successfully deleted. MediaWiki:Trackbackexcerpt 1723 sysop 5821 2005-07-29T10:52:05Z MediaWiki default ; $4$5 : [$2 $1]: <nowiki>$3</nowiki> 6023 2005-08-19T23:24:05Z MediaWiki default ; $4$5 : [$2 $1]: <nowiki>$3</nowiki> 6144 2005-09-05T09:37:08Z MediaWiki default ; $4$5 : [$2 $1]: <nowiki>$3</nowiki> 6863 2005-11-09T22:45:17Z MediaWiki default ; $4$5 : [$2 $1]: <nowiki>$3</nowiki> 7071 2005-11-29T21:17:27Z MediaWiki default ; $4$5 : [$2 $1]: <nowiki>$3</nowiki> 7109 2005-12-02T02:29:56Z MediaWiki default ; $4$5 : [$2 $1]: <nowiki>$3</nowiki> 7130 2005-12-02T04:04:52Z MediaWiki default ; $4$5 : [$2 $1]: <nowiki>$3</nowiki> MediaWiki:Trackbacklink 1724 sysop 5822 2005-07-29T10:52:05Z MediaWiki default Trackback MediaWiki:Trackbackremove 1725 sysop 5823 2005-07-29T10:52:05Z MediaWiki default ([$1 Delete]) MediaWiki:Underline-always 1726 sysop 5825 2005-07-29T10:52:05Z MediaWiki default Always MediaWiki:Underline-default 1727 sysop 5826 2005-07-29T10:52:05Z MediaWiki default Browser default MediaWiki:Underline-never 1728 sysop 5827 2005-07-29T10:52:05Z MediaWiki default Never MediaWiki:Unusedcategories 1729 sysop 5829 2005-07-29T10:52:05Z MediaWiki default Unused categories MediaWiki:Unusedcategoriestext 1730 sysop 5830 2005-07-29T10:52:05Z MediaWiki default The following category pages exist although no other article or category make use of them. MediaWiki:Val rev stats 1731 sysop 5832 2005-07-29T10:52:05Z MediaWiki default See the validation statistics for "$1" <a href="$2">here</a> Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa 1732 5845 2005-07-31T07:18:16Z Moyogo 11 Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa moved to Molongo ya bakomini ya Kinshasa: orthographe "ba komini" -> "bakomini" #redirect [[Molongo ya bakomini ya Kinshasa]] Template:CommunesKinshasa 1733 5852 2005-07-31T08:09:26Z Moyogo 11 Template:CommunesKinshasa moved to Template:BakominiKinshasa: fr -> lingála #redirect [[Template:BakominiKinshasa]] Template:Fr 1734 5853 2005-07-31T08:13:34Z Moyogo 11 + <font style="font-size:80%;font-weight:bold">[[Lifalansé|(fr)]]</font> Template:En 1735 5855 2005-07-31T08:21:12Z Moyogo 11 + <font style="font-size:80%;font-weight:bold">[[Lingelesi|(en)]]</font> 5869 2005-07-31T08:49:40Z Moyogo 11 <font style="font-size:80%;font-weight:bold">[[Lingɛlɛsa|(en)]]</font> 6692 2005-11-05T13:25:08Z Moyogo 11 <font style="font-size:80%;font-weight:bold">[[Lingɛlɛ́sa|(en)]]</font> Kasaï-Occidental 1736 5857 2005-07-31T08:22:06Z Moyogo 11 Kasaï-Occidental moved to Kasai-Occidental: ï -> i #redirect [[Kasai-Occidental]] Kasaï-Oriental 1737 5859 2005-07-31T08:22:25Z Moyogo 11 Kasaï-Oriental moved to Kasai-Oriental: ï -> i #redirect [[Kasai-Oriental]] Template:Nc-lang-stub 1739 5875 2005-07-31T12:25:21Z Moyogo 11 Template:Nc-lang-stub moved to Template:Nk-ndámbo-lokótá: en -> ln #redirect [[Template:Nk-ndámbo-lokótá]] User:Moyogo/Lonkásá ndakisa 1740 5878 2005-07-31T12:39:45Z Moyogo 11 ==Tála mpé== Voir aussi, See also ==Mankásá o libándá== Liens externes, External Links ==Ndakisa== Exemple, Example 6262 2005-09-17T09:23:05Z Moyogo 11 <nowiki>{{ndámbo}}</nowiki> - ébauche, stub ==Ndakisa== Exemple, Example ==Tála mpé== Voir aussi, See also === Mankásá o libándá === Liens externes, External Links 6271 2005-09-18T12:07:26Z Moyogo 11 /* Mankásá o libándá */ Mankásá -> Nkásá <nowiki>{{ndámbo}}</nowiki> - ébauche, stub ==Ndakisa== Exemple, Example ==Tála mpé== Voir aussi, See also === Nkásá o libándá === Liens externes, External Links Molongo ya ba bɛndɛ́lɛ ya bisé ya mokili 1741 5885 2005-07-31T12:54:14Z Moyogo 11 Molongo ya ba bɛndɛ́lɛ ya bisé ya mokili moved to Molɔngɔ́ ya babɛndɛ́lɛ ya bisé ya mokili: ortho #redirect [[Molɔngɔ́ ya babɛndɛ́lɛ ya bisé ya mokili]] Template:Pays d'Afrique 1742 5887 2005-07-31T12:54:46Z Moyogo 11 Template:Pays d'Afrique moved to Template:Bisé ya Afrika: fr -> ln #redirect [[Template:Bisé ya Afrika]] Template:Nationalflags 1743 5891 2005-07-31T12:58:48Z Moyogo 11 Template:Nationalflags moved to Template:Babɛndɛ́lɛ ya bisé: en -> ln #redirect [[Template:Babɛndɛ́lɛ ya bisé]] Template:Europe 1745 5898 2005-07-31T13:26:48Z Moyogo 11 Template:Europe moved to Template:Bisé ya Eropa: -> ln #redirect [[Template:Bisé ya Eropa]] Template:User es-2 1746 5902 2005-07-31T17:38:05Z Themalau 22 <div style="float:left;border:solid #77E0E8 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#D0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#77E0E8;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''es-2''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Este usuario puede contribuir con un nivel '''[[:Category:User es-2|intermedio]]''' de '''[[:Category:User es|español]]'''. [[Category:User es|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:User es-2|{{PAGENAME}}]] |} </div> 6181 2005-09-07T11:44:24Z Bombo 12 <div style="float:left;border:solid #77E0E8 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#D0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#77E0E8;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Lispanyola|es]]-2''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Este usuario puede contribuir con un nivel '''[[:Category:User es-2|intermedio]]''' de '''[[:Category:User es|español]]'''. [[Category:User es|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:User es-2|{{PAGENAME}}]] |} </div> User talk:Moyogo 1747 5903 2005-07-31T18:16:45Z Themalau 22 Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:16, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) 6629 2005-11-03T21:20:55Z Themalau 22 Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:16, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Hey Moyogo, Sur la page du Kongo. Sur quelle base tu as change le nom en Ekolo Nsomi Kongo, ce qui signifie "Etat Independant/Libre du Congo" ? Est ce le nom officiel a ce jour? La raison pour laquelle j'avais mis "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki", c'est par manque de traduction literalle. Mais "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki" n'est pas du Kikongo non plus. Merci pour l'aide en general. +++ 6630 2005-11-03T21:21:32Z Themalau 22 Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:16, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Hey Moyogo, Sur la page du Kongo. Sur quelle base tu as change le nom en Ekolo Nsomi Kongo, ce qui signifie "Etat Independant/Libre du Congo" ? Est ce le nom officiel a ce jour? La raison pour laquelle j'avais mis "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki", c'est par manque de traduction literalle. Mais "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki" n'est pas du Kikongo non plus. Merci pour l'aide en general. +++ Hey Moyogo, Sur la page du Kongo. Sur quelle base tu as change le nom en Ekolo Nsomi Kongo, ce qui signifie "Etat Independant/Libre du Congo" ? Est ce le nom officiel a ce jour? La raison pour laquelle j'avais mis "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki", c'est par manque de traduction literalle. Mais "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki" n'est pas du Kikongo non plus. Merci pour l'aide en general. [+++] 6631 2005-11-03T21:22:39Z Themalau 22 Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:16, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Hey Moyogo, Sur la page du Kongo. Sur quelle base tu as change le nom en Ekolo Nsomi Kongo, ce qui signifie "Etat Independant/Libre du Congo" ? Est ce le nom officiel a ce jour? La raison pour laquelle j'avais mis "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki", c'est par manque de traduction literalle. Mais "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki" n'est pas du Kikongo non plus. Merci pour l'aide en general. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 6636 2005-11-03T21:34:19Z Themalau 22 Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:16, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Hey Moyogo, Sur la page du Kongo. Sur quelle base tu as change le nom en Ekolo Nsomi Kongo, ce qui signifie "Etat Independant/Libre du Congo" ? Est ce le nom officiel a ce jour? La raison pour laquelle j'avais mis "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki", c'est par manque de traduction literalle. Mais "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki" n'est pas du Kikongo non plus. Merci pour l'aide en general. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] Merci Moyogo pour cette reponse incroyablement rapide!!! :) Et merci de m'apprendre qu'il existe une source aussi detaille de termes politiques dont je n'etait pas au courant!!!! je suis tellement content de pouvoir avoir ce document pourma Grand-mere, mais aussi pour pouvoir mettre en place d'autres pages de pays, ainsi qu'ameliorer la page de politique du Kongo et des autres. Maintenant, il y a des pages que j'avais faites basees sur le fait que "Republiki ya Kongo Demokratika" etait le nom officiel en lingala. Comment le changer? Et secundo, puis-je mettre la Constitution en lingala ici? Merci Ali. 6753 2005-11-05T18:06:04Z Blockinblox 38 De Rien! Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:16, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Hey Moyogo, Sur la page du Kongo. Sur quelle base tu as change le nom en Ekolo Nsomi Kongo, ce qui signifie "Etat Independant/Libre du Congo" ? Est ce le nom officiel a ce jour? La raison pour laquelle j'avais mis "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki", c'est par manque de traduction literalle. Mais "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki" n'est pas du Kikongo non plus. Merci pour l'aide en general. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] Merci Moyogo pour cette reponse incroyablement rapide!!! :) Et merci de m'apprendre qu'il existe une source aussi detaille de termes politiques dont je n'etait pas au courant!!!! je suis tellement content de pouvoir avoir ce document pourma Grand-mere, mais aussi pour pouvoir mettre en place d'autres pages de pays, ainsi qu'ameliorer la page de politique du Kongo et des autres. Maintenant, il y a des pages que j'avais faites basees sur le fait que "Republiki ya Kongo Demokratika" etait le nom officiel en lingala. Comment le changer? Et secundo, puis-je mettre la Constitution en lingala ici? Merci Ali. == De Rien! == :You're welcome; I don't know Lingala and only little French, but I'll do what I can to help clean up... If I ever do something inappropriate, please don't hesitate to reverse me...! I just noticed that there was a lot of clutter in the mainspace... The main method I am using is to go down the list at [[Special:Shortpages]], article by article, and see if anything needs to be done... I'm alnmost finished now... Regards, [[User:Blockinblox|Blockinblox]] 18:06, 5 novembere 2005 (UTC) 6754 2005-11-05T18:06:44Z Blockinblox 38 /* De Rien! */ Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:16, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Hey Moyogo, Sur la page du Kongo. Sur quelle base tu as change le nom en Ekolo Nsomi Kongo, ce qui signifie "Etat Independant/Libre du Congo" ? Est ce le nom officiel a ce jour? La raison pour laquelle j'avais mis "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki", c'est par manque de traduction literalle. Mais "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki" n'est pas du Kikongo non plus. Merci pour l'aide en general. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] Merci Moyogo pour cette reponse incroyablement rapide!!! :) Et merci de m'apprendre qu'il existe une source aussi detaille de termes politiques dont je n'etait pas au courant!!!! je suis tellement content de pouvoir avoir ce document pourma Grand-mere, mais aussi pour pouvoir mettre en place d'autres pages de pays, ainsi qu'ameliorer la page de politique du Kongo et des autres. Maintenant, il y a des pages que j'avais faites basees sur le fait que "Republiki ya Kongo Demokratika" etait le nom officiel en lingala. Comment le changer? Et secundo, puis-je mettre la Constitution en lingala ici? Merci Ali. == De Rien! == :You're welcome; I don't know Lingala and only little French, but I'll do what I can to help clean up... If I ever do something inappropriate, please don't hesitate to reverse me...! I just noticed that there was a lot of clutter in the mainspace... The main method I am using is to go down the list at [[Special:Shortpages]], article by article, and see if anything needs to be done... I'm almost finished now... Regards, [[User:Blockinblox|Blockinblox]] 18:06, 5 novembere 2005 (UTC) 7361 2005-12-14T09:57:18Z Bombo 12 (clean) Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:16, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Hey Moyogo, Sur la page du Kongo. Sur quelle base tu as change le nom en Ekolo Nsomi Kongo, ce qui signifie "Etat Independant/Libre du Congo" ? Est ce le nom officiel a ce jour? La raison pour laquelle j'avais mis "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki", c'est par manque de traduction literalle. Mais "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki" n'est pas du Kikongo non plus. Merci pour l'aide en general. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] Merci Moyogo pour cette reponse incroyablement rapide!!! :) Et merci de m'apprendre qu'il existe une source aussi detaille de termes politiques dont je n'etait pas au courant!!!! je suis tellement content de pouvoir avoir ce document pourma Grand-mere, mais aussi pour pouvoir mettre en place d'autres pages de pays, ainsi qu'ameliorer la page de politique du Kongo et des autres. Maintenant, il y a des pages que j'avais faites basees sur le fait que "Republiki ya Kongo Demokratika" etait le nom officiel en lingala. Comment le changer? Et secundo, puis-je mettre la Constitution en lingala ici? Merci Ali. == De Rien! == :You're welcome; I don't know Lingala and only little French, but I'll do what I can to help clean up... If I ever do something inappropriate, please don't hesitate to reverse me...! I just noticed that there was a lot of clutter in the mainspace... The main method I am using is to go down the list at [[Special:Shortpages]], article by article, and see if anything needs to be done... I'm almost finished now... Regards, [[User:Blockinblox|Blockinblox]] 18:06, 5 novembere 2005 (UTC) == (clean) == Bonjour Moyogo Je m'excuse de ne pas avoir "nettoyé" les divers pages qui ont été modifié cette nuit. Je les ais regardé vers 11 heures, donc 40 minutes avant toi, mais ils étaient vide! C'est seulement maintenant, dans l'hisotique en comparaisant que je découvre tout ces liens.... --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:57, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) 7362 2005-12-14T09:58:47Z Moyogo 11 /* (clean) */ Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:16, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Hey Moyogo, Sur la page du Kongo. Sur quelle base tu as change le nom en Ekolo Nsomi Kongo, ce qui signifie "Etat Independant/Libre du Congo" ? Est ce le nom officiel a ce jour? La raison pour laquelle j'avais mis "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki", c'est par manque de traduction literalle. Mais "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki" n'est pas du Kikongo non plus. Merci pour l'aide en general. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] Merci Moyogo pour cette reponse incroyablement rapide!!! :) Et merci de m'apprendre qu'il existe une source aussi detaille de termes politiques dont je n'etait pas au courant!!!! je suis tellement content de pouvoir avoir ce document pourma Grand-mere, mais aussi pour pouvoir mettre en place d'autres pages de pays, ainsi qu'ameliorer la page de politique du Kongo et des autres. Maintenant, il y a des pages que j'avais faites basees sur le fait que "Republiki ya Kongo Demokratika" etait le nom officiel en lingala. Comment le changer? Et secundo, puis-je mettre la Constitution en lingala ici? Merci Ali. == De Rien! == :You're welcome; I don't know Lingala and only little French, but I'll do what I can to help clean up... If I ever do something inappropriate, please don't hesitate to reverse me...! I just noticed that there was a lot of clutter in the mainspace... The main method I am using is to go down the list at [[Special:Shortpages]], article by article, and see if anything needs to be done... I'm almost finished now... Regards, [[User:Blockinblox|Blockinblox]] 18:06, 5 novembere 2005 (UTC) == (clean) == Bonjour Moyogo Je m'excuse de ne pas avoir "nettoyé" les divers pages qui ont été modifié cette nuit. Je les ais regardé vers 11 heures, donc 40 minutes avant toi, mais ils étaient vide! C'est seulement maintenant, dans l'hisotique en comparaisant que je découvre tout ces liens.... --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:57, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) : :) ouais je ne comprennais pas pourquoi elles étaient vides, après la troisième j'ai regardé le contenu de plus près. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 09:58, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) 7790 2006-03-02T22:56:53Z 132.181.7.1 Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:16, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Hey Moyogo, Sur la page du Kongo. Sur quelle base tu as change le nom en Ekolo Nsomi Kongo, ce qui signifie "Etat Independant/Libre du Congo" ? Est ce le nom officiel a ce jour? La raison pour laquelle j'avais mis "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki", c'est par manque de traduction literalle. Mais "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki" n'est pas du Kikongo non plus. Merci pour l'aide en general. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] Merci Moyogo pour cette reponse incroyablement rapide!!! :) Et merci de m'apprendre qu'il existe une source aussi detaille de termes politiques dont je n'etait pas au courant!!!! je suis tellement content de pouvoir avoir ce document pourma Grand-mere, mais aussi pour pouvoir mettre en place d'autres pages de pays, ainsi qu'ameliorer la page de politique du Kongo et des autres. Maintenant, il y a des pages que j'avais faites basees sur le fait que "Republiki ya Kongo Demokratika" etait le nom officiel en lingala. Comment le changer? Et secundo, puis-je mettre la Constitution en lingala ici? Merci Ali. == De Rien! == :You're welcome; I don't know Lingala and only little French, but I'll do what I can to help clean up... If I ever do something inappropriate, please don't hesitate to reverse me...! I just noticed that there was a lot of clutter in the mainspace... The main method I am using is to go down the list at [[Special:Shortpages]], article by article, and see if anything needs to be done... I'm almost finished now... Regards, [[User:Blockinblox|Blockinblox]] 18:06, 5 novembere 2005 (UTC) == (clean) == Bonjour Moyogo Je m'excuse de ne pas avoir "nettoyé" les divers pages qui ont été modifié cette nuit. Je les ais regardé vers 11 heures, donc 40 minutes avant toi, mais ils étaient vide! C'est seulement maintenant, dans l'hisotique en comparaisant que je découvre tout ces liens.... --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:57, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) : :) ouais je ne comprennais pas pourquoi elles étaient vides, après la troisième j'ai regardé le contenu de plus près. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 09:58, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) ==Article request== '''Greetings Moyogo''', could you help me create a stub for [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veritable_Jesus_Eglise this article]? - It is based on the [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9ritable_%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9sus French article]. 3-5 lines would be sufficient enough. ''Please''. Your help would be gratefully appreciated. (I do not know what the correct title should be). This church was established in the Congo since 2004. -- [[en:User:Jose77|Jose77]], 2 March 2006 7792 2006-03-03T01:36:47Z 132.181.7.1 Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:16, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Hey Moyogo, Sur la page du Kongo. Sur quelle base tu as change le nom en Ekolo Nsomi Kongo, ce qui signifie "Etat Independant/Libre du Congo" ? Est ce le nom officiel a ce jour? La raison pour laquelle j'avais mis "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki", c'est par manque de traduction literalle. Mais "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki" n'est pas du Kikongo non plus. Merci pour l'aide en general. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] Merci Moyogo pour cette reponse incroyablement rapide!!! :) Et merci de m'apprendre qu'il existe une source aussi detaille de termes politiques dont je n'etait pas au courant!!!! je suis tellement content de pouvoir avoir ce document pourma Grand-mere, mais aussi pour pouvoir mettre en place d'autres pages de pays, ainsi qu'ameliorer la page de politique du Kongo et des autres. Maintenant, il y a des pages que j'avais faites basees sur le fait que "Republiki ya Kongo Demokratika" etait le nom officiel en lingala. Comment le changer? Et secundo, puis-je mettre la Constitution en lingala ici? Merci Ali. == De Rien! == :You're welcome; I don't know Lingala and only little French, but I'll do what I can to help clean up... If I ever do something inappropriate, please don't hesitate to reverse me...! I just noticed that there was a lot of clutter in the mainspace... The main method I am using is to go down the list at [[Special:Shortpages]], article by article, and see if anything needs to be done... I'm almost finished now... Regards, [[User:Blockinblox|Blockinblox]] 18:06, 5 novembere 2005 (UTC) == (clean) == Bonjour Moyogo Je m'excuse de ne pas avoir "nettoyé" les divers pages qui ont été modifié cette nuit. Je les ais regardé vers 11 heures, donc 40 minutes avant toi, mais ils étaient vide! C'est seulement maintenant, dans l'hisotique en comparaisant que je découvre tout ces liens.... --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:57, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) : :) ouais je ne comprennais pas pourquoi elles étaient vides, après la troisième j'ai regardé le contenu de plus près. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 09:58, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) 7854 2006-03-24T09:42:35Z 203.118.190.214 Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:16, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Hey Moyogo, Sur la page du Kongo. Sur quelle base tu as change le nom en Ekolo Nsomi Kongo, ce qui signifie "Etat Independant/Libre du Congo" ? Est ce le nom officiel a ce jour? La raison pour laquelle j'avais mis "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki", c'est par manque de traduction literalle. Mais "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki" n'est pas du Kikongo non plus. Merci pour l'aide en general. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] Merci Moyogo pour cette reponse incroyablement rapide!!! :) Et merci de m'apprendre qu'il existe une source aussi detaille de termes politiques dont je n'etait pas au courant!!!! je suis tellement content de pouvoir avoir ce document pourma Grand-mere, mais aussi pour pouvoir mettre en place d'autres pages de pays, ainsi qu'ameliorer la page de politique du Kongo et des autres. Maintenant, il y a des pages que j'avais faites basees sur le fait que "Republiki ya Kongo Demokratika" etait le nom officiel en lingala. Comment le changer? Et secundo, puis-je mettre la Constitution en lingala ici? Merci Ali. == De Rien! == :You're welcome; I don't know Lingala and only little French, but I'll do what I can to help clean up... If I ever do something inappropriate, please don't hesitate to reverse me...! I just noticed that there was a lot of clutter in the mainspace... The main method I am using is to go down the list at [[Special:Shortpages]], article by article, and see if anything needs to be done... I'm almost finished now... Regards, [[User:Blockinblox|Blockinblox]] 18:06, 5 novembere 2005 (UTC) == (clean) == Bonjour Moyogo Je m'excuse de ne pas avoir "nettoyé" les divers pages qui ont été modifié cette nuit. Je les ais regardé vers 11 heures, donc 40 minutes avant toi, mais ils étaient vide! C'est seulement maintenant, dans l'hisotique en comparaisant que je découvre tout ces liens.... --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:57, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) : :) ouais je ne comprennais pas pourquoi elles étaient vides, après la troisième j'ai regardé le contenu de plus près. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 09:58, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) ==Article request== '''Greetings Moyogo!''', could you help me create a stub for [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veritable_Jesus_Eglise this article]? - It is based on the [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9ritable_%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9sus French article]. 2-4 lines would be sufficient enough. ''Please''. Your help would be gratefully appreciated. (I do not know what the correct Lingala title should be). This church was established in the Congo since 2004. -- [[en:User:Jose77|Joseph]], 09:41 mokɔlɔ ya mítáno 24 mars 2006 (UTC) 8095 2006-05-02T05:25:29Z 132.181.7.1 /* Article request */ Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:16, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Hey Moyogo, Sur la page du Kongo. Sur quelle base tu as change le nom en Ekolo Nsomi Kongo, ce qui signifie "Etat Independant/Libre du Congo" ? Est ce le nom officiel a ce jour? La raison pour laquelle j'avais mis "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki", c'est par manque de traduction literalle. Mais "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki" n'est pas du Kikongo non plus. Merci pour l'aide en general. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] Merci Moyogo pour cette reponse incroyablement rapide!!! :) Et merci de m'apprendre qu'il existe une source aussi detaille de termes politiques dont je n'etait pas au courant!!!! je suis tellement content de pouvoir avoir ce document pourma Grand-mere, mais aussi pour pouvoir mettre en place d'autres pages de pays, ainsi qu'ameliorer la page de politique du Kongo et des autres. Maintenant, il y a des pages que j'avais faites basees sur le fait que "Republiki ya Kongo Demokratika" etait le nom officiel en lingala. Comment le changer? Et secundo, puis-je mettre la Constitution en lingala ici? Merci Ali. == De Rien! == :You're welcome; I don't know Lingala and only little French, but I'll do what I can to help clean up... If I ever do something inappropriate, please don't hesitate to reverse me...! I just noticed that there was a lot of clutter in the mainspace... The main method I am using is to go down the list at [[Special:Shortpages]], article by article, and see if anything needs to be done... I'm almost finished now... Regards, [[User:Blockinblox|Blockinblox]] 18:06, 5 novembere 2005 (UTC) == (clean) == Bonjour Moyogo Je m'excuse de ne pas avoir "nettoyé" les divers pages qui ont été modifié cette nuit. Je les ais regardé vers 11 heures, donc 40 minutes avant toi, mais ils étaient vide! C'est seulement maintenant, dans l'hisotique en comparaisant que je découvre tout ces liens.... --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:57, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) : :) ouais je ne comprennais pas pourquoi elles étaient vides, après la troisième j'ai regardé le contenu de plus près. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 09:58, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) 8213 2006-05-23T19:03:39Z Ivo3 68 salut Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:16, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Hey Moyogo, Sur la page du Kongo. Sur quelle base tu as change le nom en Ekolo Nsomi Kongo, ce qui signifie "Etat Independant/Libre du Congo" ? Est ce le nom officiel a ce jour? La raison pour laquelle j'avais mis "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki", c'est par manque de traduction literalle. Mais "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki" n'est pas du Kikongo non plus. Merci pour l'aide en general. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] Merci Moyogo pour cette reponse incroyablement rapide!!! :) Et merci de m'apprendre qu'il existe une source aussi detaille de termes politiques dont je n'etait pas au courant!!!! je suis tellement content de pouvoir avoir ce document pourma Grand-mere, mais aussi pour pouvoir mettre en place d'autres pages de pays, ainsi qu'ameliorer la page de politique du Kongo et des autres. Maintenant, il y a des pages que j'avais faites basees sur le fait que "Republiki ya Kongo Demokratika" etait le nom officiel en lingala. Comment le changer? Et secundo, puis-je mettre la Constitution en lingala ici? Merci Ali. == De Rien! == :You're welcome; I don't know Lingala and only little French, but I'll do what I can to help clean up... If I ever do something inappropriate, please don't hesitate to reverse me...! I just noticed that there was a lot of clutter in the mainspace... The main method I am using is to go down the list at [[Special:Shortpages]], article by article, and see if anything needs to be done... I'm almost finished now... Regards, [[User:Blockinblox|Blockinblox]] 18:06, 5 novembere 2005 (UTC) == (clean) == Bonjour Moyogo Je m'excuse de ne pas avoir "nettoyé" les divers pages qui ont été modifié cette nuit. Je les ais regardé vers 11 heures, donc 40 minutes avant toi, mais ils étaient vide! C'est seulement maintenant, dans l'hisotique en comparaisant que je découvre tout ces liens.... --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:57, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) : :) ouais je ne comprennais pas pourquoi elles étaient vides, après la troisième j'ai regardé le contenu de plus près. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 09:58, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) == salut == salut a toi Moyogo. j'ai vu les modiffications que tu as apportees e tje t'en remercie. j'ai arrete l'edition mais je compte y revenir aussi vite que possible. merci pour l'aide a toi et a Bombo. [[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] 8217 2006-05-23T20:29:47Z Ivo3 68 masi Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:16, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Hey Moyogo, Sur la page du Kongo. Sur quelle base tu as change le nom en Ekolo Nsomi Kongo, ce qui signifie "Etat Independant/Libre du Congo" ? Est ce le nom officiel a ce jour? La raison pour laquelle j'avais mis "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki", c'est par manque de traduction literalle. Mais "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki" n'est pas du Kikongo non plus. Merci pour l'aide en general. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] Merci Moyogo pour cette reponse incroyablement rapide!!! :) Et merci de m'apprendre qu'il existe une source aussi detaille de termes politiques dont je n'etait pas au courant!!!! je suis tellement content de pouvoir avoir ce document pourma Grand-mere, mais aussi pour pouvoir mettre en place d'autres pages de pays, ainsi qu'ameliorer la page de politique du Kongo et des autres. Maintenant, il y a des pages que j'avais faites basees sur le fait que "Republiki ya Kongo Demokratika" etait le nom officiel en lingala. Comment le changer? Et secundo, puis-je mettre la Constitution en lingala ici? Merci Ali. == De Rien! == :You're welcome; I don't know Lingala and only little French, but I'll do what I can to help clean up... If I ever do something inappropriate, please don't hesitate to reverse me...! I just noticed that there was a lot of clutter in the mainspace... The main method I am using is to go down the list at [[Special:Shortpages]], article by article, and see if anything needs to be done... I'm almost finished now... Regards, [[User:Blockinblox|Blockinblox]] 18:06, 5 novembere 2005 (UTC) == (clean) == Bonjour Moyogo Je m'excuse de ne pas avoir "nettoyé" les divers pages qui ont été modifié cette nuit. Je les ais regardé vers 11 heures, donc 40 minutes avant toi, mais ils étaient vide! C'est seulement maintenant, dans l'hisotique en comparaisant que je découvre tout ces liens.... --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:57, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) : :) ouais je ne comprennais pas pourquoi elles étaient vides, après la troisième j'ai regardé le contenu de plus près. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 09:58, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) == salut == salut a toi Moyogo. j'ai vu les modiffications que tu as apportees e tje t'en remercie. j'ai arrete l'edition mais je compte y revenir aussi vite que possible. merci pour l'aide a toi et a Bombo. [[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] == masi == merci pour cette remarque. j'aimerais bien avpir un tel dico mais malheureusement je ne sais pas comment. il pourrait beaucoup m'aider. libota, mopiko, liboke, merci. nous allons devoir (si ce n'est deja pas fait) bien determiner que signifie quoi. cad quelle mot est utilise pour "famille" quel mot pour "paquet"(ici j'ai en tete paquet dans la theorie des quanta)et "groupe". Et est-ce que le mot "eleko" convient pour le mot "periode" pour traduire "tableau periodique" en "etánda lya bileko"?? qu'en penses-tu? 8251 2006-05-27T12:46:41Z Ivo3 68 kemi Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:16, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Hey Moyogo, Sur la page du Kongo. Sur quelle base tu as change le nom en Ekolo Nsomi Kongo, ce qui signifie "Etat Independant/Libre du Congo" ? Est ce le nom officiel a ce jour? La raison pour laquelle j'avais mis "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki", c'est par manque de traduction literalle. Mais "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki" n'est pas du Kikongo non plus. Merci pour l'aide en general. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] Merci Moyogo pour cette reponse incroyablement rapide!!! :) Et merci de m'apprendre qu'il existe une source aussi detaille de termes politiques dont je n'etait pas au courant!!!! je suis tellement content de pouvoir avoir ce document pourma Grand-mere, mais aussi pour pouvoir mettre en place d'autres pages de pays, ainsi qu'ameliorer la page de politique du Kongo et des autres. Maintenant, il y a des pages que j'avais faites basees sur le fait que "Republiki ya Kongo Demokratika" etait le nom officiel en lingala. Comment le changer? Et secundo, puis-je mettre la Constitution en lingala ici? Merci Ali. == De Rien! == :You're welcome; I don't know Lingala and only little French, but I'll do what I can to help clean up... If I ever do something inappropriate, please don't hesitate to reverse me...! I just noticed that there was a lot of clutter in the mainspace... The main method I am using is to go down the list at [[Special:Shortpages]], article by article, and see if anything needs to be done... I'm almost finished now... Regards, [[User:Blockinblox|Blockinblox]] 18:06, 5 novembere 2005 (UTC) == (clean) == Bonjour Moyogo Je m'excuse de ne pas avoir "nettoyé" les divers pages qui ont été modifié cette nuit. Je les ais regardé vers 11 heures, donc 40 minutes avant toi, mais ils étaient vide! C'est seulement maintenant, dans l'hisotique en comparaisant que je découvre tout ces liens.... --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:57, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) : :) ouais je ne comprennais pas pourquoi elles étaient vides, après la troisième j'ai regardé le contenu de plus près. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 09:58, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) == salut == salut a toi Moyogo. j'ai vu les modiffications que tu as apportees e tje t'en remercie. j'ai arrete l'edition mais je compte y revenir aussi vite que possible. merci pour l'aide a toi et a Bombo. [[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] == masi == merci pour cette remarque. j'aimerais bien avpir un tel dico mais malheureusement je ne sais pas comment. il pourrait beaucoup m'aider. libota, mopiko, liboke, merci. nous allons devoir (si ce n'est deja pas fait) bien determiner que signifie quoi. cad quelle mot est utilise pour "famille" quel mot pour "paquet"(ici j'ai en tete paquet dans la theorie des quanta)et "groupe". Et est-ce que le mot "eleko" convient pour le mot "periode" pour traduire "tableau periodique" en "etánda lya bileko"?? qu'en penses-tu? == kemi == salut moyogo comment tu vas? j'aimerais bien me procurer le dictionnaire mais malhereusement de ce cote c'est assez difficile. je voudrais commencer l'edition des composes chimiques et de leur nomenclature, est-ce que je peux trouver cela dans le dictionnaire? 8252 2006-05-27T12:47:16Z Ivo3 68 /* kemi */ Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:16, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Hey Moyogo, Sur la page du Kongo. Sur quelle base tu as change le nom en Ekolo Nsomi Kongo, ce qui signifie "Etat Independant/Libre du Congo" ? Est ce le nom officiel a ce jour? La raison pour laquelle j'avais mis "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki", c'est par manque de traduction literalle. Mais "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki" n'est pas du Kikongo non plus. Merci pour l'aide en general. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] Merci Moyogo pour cette reponse incroyablement rapide!!! :) Et merci de m'apprendre qu'il existe une source aussi detaille de termes politiques dont je n'etait pas au courant!!!! je suis tellement content de pouvoir avoir ce document pourma Grand-mere, mais aussi pour pouvoir mettre en place d'autres pages de pays, ainsi qu'ameliorer la page de politique du Kongo et des autres. Maintenant, il y a des pages que j'avais faites basees sur le fait que "Republiki ya Kongo Demokratika" etait le nom officiel en lingala. Comment le changer? Et secundo, puis-je mettre la Constitution en lingala ici? Merci Ali. == De Rien! == :You're welcome; I don't know Lingala and only little French, but I'll do what I can to help clean up... If I ever do something inappropriate, please don't hesitate to reverse me...! I just noticed that there was a lot of clutter in the mainspace... The main method I am using is to go down the list at [[Special:Shortpages]], article by article, and see if anything needs to be done... I'm almost finished now... Regards, [[User:Blockinblox|Blockinblox]] 18:06, 5 novembere 2005 (UTC) == (clean) == Bonjour Moyogo Je m'excuse de ne pas avoir "nettoyé" les divers pages qui ont été modifié cette nuit. Je les ais regardé vers 11 heures, donc 40 minutes avant toi, mais ils étaient vide! C'est seulement maintenant, dans l'hisotique en comparaisant que je découvre tout ces liens.... --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:57, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) : :) ouais je ne comprennais pas pourquoi elles étaient vides, après la troisième j'ai regardé le contenu de plus près. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 09:58, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) == salut == salut a toi Moyogo. j'ai vu les modiffications que tu as apportees e tje t'en remercie. j'ai arrete l'edition mais je compte y revenir aussi vite que possible. merci pour l'aide a toi et a Bombo. [[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] == masi == merci pour cette remarque. j'aimerais bien avpir un tel dico mais malheureusement je ne sais pas comment. il pourrait beaucoup m'aider. libota, mopiko, liboke, merci. nous allons devoir (si ce n'est deja pas fait) bien determiner que signifie quoi. cad quelle mot est utilise pour "famille" quel mot pour "paquet"(ici j'ai en tete paquet dans la theorie des quanta)et "groupe". Et est-ce que le mot "eleko" convient pour le mot "periode" pour traduire "tableau periodique" en "etánda lya bileko"?? qu'en penses-tu? == kemi == salut moyogo comment tu vas? j'aimerais bien me procurer le dictionnaire mais malhereusement de ce cote c'est assez difficile. je voudrais commencer l'edition des composes chimiques et de leur nomenclature, est-ce que je peux trouver cela dans le dictionnaire? [[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] 8302 2006-05-29T14:28:04Z Ivo3 68 kemi Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:16, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Hey Moyogo, Sur la page du Kongo. Sur quelle base tu as change le nom en Ekolo Nsomi Kongo, ce qui signifie "Etat Independant/Libre du Congo" ? Est ce le nom officiel a ce jour? La raison pour laquelle j'avais mis "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki", c'est par manque de traduction literalle. Mais "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki" n'est pas du Kikongo non plus. Merci pour l'aide en general. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] Merci Moyogo pour cette reponse incroyablement rapide!!! :) Et merci de m'apprendre qu'il existe une source aussi detaille de termes politiques dont je n'etait pas au courant!!!! je suis tellement content de pouvoir avoir ce document pourma Grand-mere, mais aussi pour pouvoir mettre en place d'autres pages de pays, ainsi qu'ameliorer la page de politique du Kongo et des autres. Maintenant, il y a des pages que j'avais faites basees sur le fait que "Republiki ya Kongo Demokratika" etait le nom officiel en lingala. Comment le changer? Et secundo, puis-je mettre la Constitution en lingala ici? Merci Ali. == De Rien! == :You're welcome; I don't know Lingala and only little French, but I'll do what I can to help clean up... If I ever do something inappropriate, please don't hesitate to reverse me...! I just noticed that there was a lot of clutter in the mainspace... The main method I am using is to go down the list at [[Special:Shortpages]], article by article, and see if anything needs to be done... I'm almost finished now... Regards, [[User:Blockinblox|Blockinblox]] 18:06, 5 novembere 2005 (UTC) == (clean) == Bonjour Moyogo Je m'excuse de ne pas avoir "nettoyé" les divers pages qui ont été modifié cette nuit. Je les ais regardé vers 11 heures, donc 40 minutes avant toi, mais ils étaient vide! C'est seulement maintenant, dans l'hisotique en comparaisant que je découvre tout ces liens.... --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:57, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) : :) ouais je ne comprennais pas pourquoi elles étaient vides, après la troisième j'ai regardé le contenu de plus près. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 09:58, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) == salut == salut a toi Moyogo. j'ai vu les modiffications que tu as apportees e tje t'en remercie. j'ai arrete l'edition mais je compte y revenir aussi vite que possible. merci pour l'aide a toi et a Bombo. [[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] == masi == merci pour cette remarque. j'aimerais bien avpir un tel dico mais malheureusement je ne sais pas comment. il pourrait beaucoup m'aider. libota, mopiko, liboke, merci. nous allons devoir (si ce n'est deja pas fait) bien determiner que signifie quoi. cad quelle mot est utilise pour "famille" quel mot pour "paquet"(ici j'ai en tete paquet dans la theorie des quanta)et "groupe". Et est-ce que le mot "eleko" convient pour le mot "periode" pour traduire "tableau periodique" en "etánda lya bileko"?? qu'en penses-tu? == kemi == salut moyogo comment tu vas? j'aimerais bien me procurer le dictionnaire mais malhereusement de ce cote c'est assez difficile. je voudrais commencer l'edition des composes chimiques et de leur nomenclature, est-ce que je peux trouver cela dans le dictionnaire? [[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] == kemi == merci pour tout. j'essayerai d'editer selon cette forme ou bien j'essayerai de changer un peu , ca risque de prendre un peu de temps... je fairais signe quand ce sera pret et vous pourrez toujours verifier et corriger au cas ou. 8456 2006-06-19T08:09:38Z 147.8.201.165 hello Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:16, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Hey Moyogo, Sur la page du Kongo. Sur quelle base tu as change le nom en Ekolo Nsomi Kongo, ce qui signifie "Etat Independant/Libre du Congo" ? Est ce le nom officiel a ce jour? La raison pour laquelle j'avais mis "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki", c'est par manque de traduction literalle. Mais "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki" n'est pas du Kikongo non plus. Merci pour l'aide en general. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] Merci Moyogo pour cette reponse incroyablement rapide!!! :) Et merci de m'apprendre qu'il existe une source aussi detaille de termes politiques dont je n'etait pas au courant!!!! je suis tellement content de pouvoir avoir ce document pourma Grand-mere, mais aussi pour pouvoir mettre en place d'autres pages de pays, ainsi qu'ameliorer la page de politique du Kongo et des autres. Maintenant, il y a des pages que j'avais faites basees sur le fait que "Republiki ya Kongo Demokratika" etait le nom officiel en lingala. Comment le changer? Et secundo, puis-je mettre la Constitution en lingala ici? Merci Ali. == De Rien! == :You're welcome; I don't know Lingala and only little French, but I'll do what I can to help clean up... If I ever do something inappropriate, please don't hesitate to reverse me...! I just noticed that there was a lot of clutter in the mainspace... The main method I am using is to go down the list at [[Special:Shortpages]], article by article, and see if anything needs to be done... I'm almost finished now... Regards, [[User:Blockinblox|Blockinblox]] 18:06, 5 novembere 2005 (UTC) == (clean) == Bonjour Moyogo Je m'excuse de ne pas avoir "nettoyé" les divers pages qui ont été modifié cette nuit. Je les ais regardé vers 11 heures, donc 40 minutes avant toi, mais ils étaient vide! C'est seulement maintenant, dans l'hisotique en comparaisant que je découvre tout ces liens.... --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:57, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) : :) ouais je ne comprennais pas pourquoi elles étaient vides, après la troisième j'ai regardé le contenu de plus près. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 09:58, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) == salut == salut a toi Moyogo. j'ai vu les modiffications que tu as apportees e tje t'en remercie. j'ai arrete l'edition mais je compte y revenir aussi vite que possible. merci pour l'aide a toi et a Bombo. [[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] == masi == merci pour cette remarque. j'aimerais bien avpir un tel dico mais malheureusement je ne sais pas comment. il pourrait beaucoup m'aider. libota, mopiko, liboke, merci. nous allons devoir (si ce n'est deja pas fait) bien determiner que signifie quoi. cad quelle mot est utilise pour "famille" quel mot pour "paquet"(ici j'ai en tete paquet dans la theorie des quanta)et "groupe". Et est-ce que le mot "eleko" convient pour le mot "periode" pour traduire "tableau periodique" en "etánda lya bileko"?? qu'en penses-tu? == kemi == salut moyogo comment tu vas? j'aimerais bien me procurer le dictionnaire mais malhereusement de ce cote c'est assez difficile. je voudrais commencer l'edition des composes chimiques et de leur nomenclature, est-ce que je peux trouver cela dans le dictionnaire? [[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] == kemi == merci pour tout. j'essayerai d'editer selon cette forme ou bien j'essayerai de changer un peu , ca risque de prendre un peu de temps... je fairais signe quand ce sera pret et vous pourrez toujours verifier et corriger au cas ou. == Trust in Wikipedia == this is [http://hku.hk/cathyma Cathy] from Hong Kong working on a research about trust on Wikipedia. I wonder if you would kindly contact me at researchingmedia@gmail.com? I'd like to chat with you about Wikipedia of your language. Would you kindly drop me your email or IM (Skype, MSN, AIM or ICQ)? It wouldn't take more than ten minutes, but it would help enormously for us to understand the overall trust-based social landscape of Wikipedia. Thank you! 8500 2006-06-30T20:15:31Z 83.10.15.81 kemi Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:16, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Hey Moyogo, Sur la page du Kongo. Sur quelle base tu as change le nom en Ekolo Nsomi Kongo, ce qui signifie "Etat Independant/Libre du Congo" ? Est ce le nom officiel a ce jour? La raison pour laquelle j'avais mis "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki", c'est par manque de traduction literalle. Mais "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki" n'est pas du Kikongo non plus. Merci pour l'aide en general. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] Merci Moyogo pour cette reponse incroyablement rapide!!! :) Et merci de m'apprendre qu'il existe une source aussi detaille de termes politiques dont je n'etait pas au courant!!!! je suis tellement content de pouvoir avoir ce document pourma Grand-mere, mais aussi pour pouvoir mettre en place d'autres pages de pays, ainsi qu'ameliorer la page de politique du Kongo et des autres. Maintenant, il y a des pages que j'avais faites basees sur le fait que "Republiki ya Kongo Demokratika" etait le nom officiel en lingala. Comment le changer? Et secundo, puis-je mettre la Constitution en lingala ici? Merci Ali. == De Rien! == :You're welcome; I don't know Lingala and only little French, but I'll do what I can to help clean up... If I ever do something inappropriate, please don't hesitate to reverse me...! I just noticed that there was a lot of clutter in the mainspace... The main method I am using is to go down the list at [[Special:Shortpages]], article by article, and see if anything needs to be done... I'm almost finished now... Regards, [[User:Blockinblox|Blockinblox]] 18:06, 5 novembere 2005 (UTC) == (clean) == Bonjour Moyogo Je m'excuse de ne pas avoir "nettoyé" les divers pages qui ont été modifié cette nuit. Je les ais regardé vers 11 heures, donc 40 minutes avant toi, mais ils étaient vide! C'est seulement maintenant, dans l'hisotique en comparaisant que je découvre tout ces liens.... --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:57, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) : :) ouais je ne comprennais pas pourquoi elles étaient vides, après la troisième j'ai regardé le contenu de plus près. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 09:58, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) == salut == salut a toi Moyogo. j'ai vu les modiffications que tu as apportees e tje t'en remercie. j'ai arrete l'edition mais je compte y revenir aussi vite que possible. merci pour l'aide a toi et a Bombo. [[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] == masi == merci pour cette remarque. j'aimerais bien avpir un tel dico mais malheureusement je ne sais pas comment. il pourrait beaucoup m'aider. libota, mopiko, liboke, merci. nous allons devoir (si ce n'est deja pas fait) bien determiner que signifie quoi. cad quelle mot est utilise pour "famille" quel mot pour "paquet"(ici j'ai en tete paquet dans la theorie des quanta)et "groupe". Et est-ce que le mot "eleko" convient pour le mot "periode" pour traduire "tableau periodique" en "etánda lya bileko"?? qu'en penses-tu? == kemi == salut moyogo comment tu vas? j'aimerais bien me procurer le dictionnaire mais malhereusement de ce cote c'est assez difficile. je voudrais commencer l'edition des composes chimiques et de leur nomenclature, est-ce que je peux trouver cela dans le dictionnaire? [[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] == kemi == merci pour tout. j'essayerai d'editer selon cette forme ou bien j'essayerai de changer un peu , ca risque de prendre un peu de temps... je fairais signe quand ce sera pret et vous pourrez toujours verifier et corriger au cas ou. == Trust in Wikipedia == this is [http://hku.hk/cathyma Cathy] from Hong Kong working on a research about trust on Wikipedia. I wonder if you would kindly contact me at researchingmedia@gmail.com? I'd like to chat with you about Wikipedia of your language. Would you kindly drop me your email or IM (Skype, MSN, AIM or ICQ)? It wouldn't take more than ten minutes, but it would help enormously for us to understand the overall trust-based social landscape of Wikipedia. Thank you! == kemi == salut. gspr que tt va bien chez toi. j'ai maintenant mes vacances et je crois que j'aurais plus de temps pour editer. j'ai fais quelque chose encore. tu peux verifier. Etanda ya bileko : H, N, O, C, tu pourras verifier et apportez des modifications quand tu en aurras le tems. fait moi signe si tu trouve des mots techniques. et je voudrais aussi demander si tu as des mot pour : energie, force et puissance. ce sont des mots en lingala tres proches..... merci encore et a la prochaine 8501 2006-06-30T20:16:40Z 83.10.15.81 /* kemi */ Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:16, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Hey Moyogo, Sur la page du Kongo. Sur quelle base tu as change le nom en Ekolo Nsomi Kongo, ce qui signifie "Etat Independant/Libre du Congo" ? Est ce le nom officiel a ce jour? La raison pour laquelle j'avais mis "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki", c'est par manque de traduction literalle. Mais "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki" n'est pas du Kikongo non plus. Merci pour l'aide en general. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] Merci Moyogo pour cette reponse incroyablement rapide!!! :) Et merci de m'apprendre qu'il existe une source aussi detaille de termes politiques dont je n'etait pas au courant!!!! je suis tellement content de pouvoir avoir ce document pourma Grand-mere, mais aussi pour pouvoir mettre en place d'autres pages de pays, ainsi qu'ameliorer la page de politique du Kongo et des autres. Maintenant, il y a des pages que j'avais faites basees sur le fait que "Republiki ya Kongo Demokratika" etait le nom officiel en lingala. Comment le changer? Et secundo, puis-je mettre la Constitution en lingala ici? Merci Ali. == De Rien! == :You're welcome; I don't know Lingala and only little French, but I'll do what I can to help clean up... If I ever do something inappropriate, please don't hesitate to reverse me...! I just noticed that there was a lot of clutter in the mainspace... The main method I am using is to go down the list at [[Special:Shortpages]], article by article, and see if anything needs to be done... I'm almost finished now... Regards, [[User:Blockinblox|Blockinblox]] 18:06, 5 novembere 2005 (UTC) == (clean) == Bonjour Moyogo Je m'excuse de ne pas avoir "nettoyé" les divers pages qui ont été modifié cette nuit. Je les ais regardé vers 11 heures, donc 40 minutes avant toi, mais ils étaient vide! C'est seulement maintenant, dans l'hisotique en comparaisant que je découvre tout ces liens.... --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:57, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) : :) ouais je ne comprennais pas pourquoi elles étaient vides, après la troisième j'ai regardé le contenu de plus près. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 09:58, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) == salut == salut a toi Moyogo. j'ai vu les modiffications que tu as apportees e tje t'en remercie. j'ai arrete l'edition mais je compte y revenir aussi vite que possible. merci pour l'aide a toi et a Bombo. [[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] == masi == merci pour cette remarque. j'aimerais bien avpir un tel dico mais malheureusement je ne sais pas comment. il pourrait beaucoup m'aider. libota, mopiko, liboke, merci. nous allons devoir (si ce n'est deja pas fait) bien determiner que signifie quoi. cad quelle mot est utilise pour "famille" quel mot pour "paquet"(ici j'ai en tete paquet dans la theorie des quanta)et "groupe". Et est-ce que le mot "eleko" convient pour le mot "periode" pour traduire "tableau periodique" en "etánda lya bileko"?? qu'en penses-tu? == kemi == salut moyogo comment tu vas? j'aimerais bien me procurer le dictionnaire mais malhereusement de ce cote c'est assez difficile. je voudrais commencer l'edition des composes chimiques et de leur nomenclature, est-ce que je peux trouver cela dans le dictionnaire? [[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] == kemi == merci pour tout. j'essayerai d'editer selon cette forme ou bien j'essayerai de changer un peu , ca risque de prendre un peu de temps... je fairais signe quand ce sera pret et vous pourrez toujours verifier et corriger au cas ou. == Trust in Wikipedia == this is [http://hku.hk/cathyma Cathy] from Hong Kong working on a research about trust on Wikipedia. I wonder if you would kindly contact me at researchingmedia@gmail.com? I'd like to chat with you about Wikipedia of your language. Would you kindly drop me your email or IM (Skype, MSN, AIM or ICQ)? It wouldn't take more than ten minutes, but it would help enormously for us to understand the overall trust-based social landscape of Wikipedia. Thank you! == kemi == salut. gspr que tt va bien chez toi. j'ai maintenant mes vacances et je crois que j'aurais plus de temps pour editer. j'ai fais quelque chose encore. tu peux verifier. Etanda ya bileko : H, N, O, C, tu pourras verifier et apportez des modifications quand tu en aurras le tems. fait moi signe si tu trouve des mots techniques. et je voudrais aussi demander si tu as des mot pour : energie, force et puissance. ce sont des mots en lingala tres proches..... merci encore et a la prochaine [[User:Ivo3|Ivo3]] 8841 2006-07-12T12:26:52Z Moyogo 11 /* kemi */ Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:16, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Hey Moyogo, Sur la page du Kongo. Sur quelle base tu as change le nom en Ekolo Nsomi Kongo, ce qui signifie "Etat Independant/Libre du Congo" ? Est ce le nom officiel a ce jour? La raison pour laquelle j'avais mis "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki", c'est par manque de traduction literalle. Mais "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki" n'est pas du Kikongo non plus. Merci pour l'aide en general. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] Merci Moyogo pour cette reponse incroyablement rapide!!! :) Et merci de m'apprendre qu'il existe une source aussi detaille de termes politiques dont je n'etait pas au courant!!!! je suis tellement content de pouvoir avoir ce document pourma Grand-mere, mais aussi pour pouvoir mettre en place d'autres pages de pays, ainsi qu'ameliorer la page de politique du Kongo et des autres. Maintenant, il y a des pages que j'avais faites basees sur le fait que "Republiki ya Kongo Demokratika" etait le nom officiel en lingala. Comment le changer? Et secundo, puis-je mettre la Constitution en lingala ici? Merci Ali. == De Rien! == :You're welcome; I don't know Lingala and only little French, but I'll do what I can to help clean up... If I ever do something inappropriate, please don't hesitate to reverse me...! I just noticed that there was a lot of clutter in the mainspace... The main method I am using is to go down the list at [[Special:Shortpages]], article by article, and see if anything needs to be done... I'm almost finished now... Regards, [[User:Blockinblox|Blockinblox]] 18:06, 5 novembere 2005 (UTC) == (clean) == Bonjour Moyogo Je m'excuse de ne pas avoir "nettoyé" les divers pages qui ont été modifié cette nuit. Je les ais regardé vers 11 heures, donc 40 minutes avant toi, mais ils étaient vide! C'est seulement maintenant, dans l'hisotique en comparaisant que je découvre tout ces liens.... --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:57, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) : :) ouais je ne comprennais pas pourquoi elles étaient vides, après la troisième j'ai regardé le contenu de plus près. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 09:58, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) == salut == salut a toi Moyogo. j'ai vu les modiffications que tu as apportees e tje t'en remercie. j'ai arrete l'edition mais je compte y revenir aussi vite que possible. merci pour l'aide a toi et a Bombo. [[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] == masi == merci pour cette remarque. j'aimerais bien avpir un tel dico mais malheureusement je ne sais pas comment. il pourrait beaucoup m'aider. libota, mopiko, liboke, merci. nous allons devoir (si ce n'est deja pas fait) bien determiner que signifie quoi. cad quelle mot est utilise pour "famille" quel mot pour "paquet"(ici j'ai en tete paquet dans la theorie des quanta)et "groupe". Et est-ce que le mot "eleko" convient pour le mot "periode" pour traduire "tableau periodique" en "etánda lya bileko"?? qu'en penses-tu? == kemi == salut moyogo comment tu vas? j'aimerais bien me procurer le dictionnaire mais malhereusement de ce cote c'est assez difficile. je voudrais commencer l'edition des composes chimiques et de leur nomenclature, est-ce que je peux trouver cela dans le dictionnaire? [[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] == kemi == merci pour tout. j'essayerai d'editer selon cette forme ou bien j'essayerai de changer un peu , ca risque de prendre un peu de temps... je fairais signe quand ce sera pret et vous pourrez toujours verifier et corriger au cas ou. == Trust in Wikipedia == this is [http://hku.hk/cathyma Cathy] from Hong Kong working on a research about trust on Wikipedia. I wonder if you would kindly contact me at researchingmedia@gmail.com? I'd like to chat with you about Wikipedia of your language. Would you kindly drop me your email or IM (Skype, MSN, AIM or ICQ)? It wouldn't take more than ten minutes, but it would help enormously for us to understand the overall trust-based social landscape of Wikipedia. Thank you! == kemi == salut. gspr que tt va bien chez toi. j'ai maintenant mes vacances et je crois que j'aurais plus de temps pour editer. j'ai fais quelque chose encore. tu peux verifier. Etanda ya bileko : H, N, O, C, tu pourras verifier et apportez des modifications quand tu en aurras le tems. fait moi signe si tu trouve des mots techniques. et je voudrais aussi demander si tu as des mot pour : energie, force et puissance. ce sont des mots en lingala tres proches..... merci encore et a la prochaine [[User:Ivo3|Ivo3]] :Difficile à traduire... le dictionnaire Kawata donne : :* bokási (14/6) makási : Likambo tǒ elɔ́kɔ eye ezali na nguyá mpé ekokí kobóngola botámboli ya elɔ́kɔ nyɔ́nsɔ tǒ kobébisa ezalela wa yě. Nguyá na mosálá mpé na mayɛ́lɛ. Bokási na bolingo. Bokási ya kokúmba elɔ́kɔ. O mekániki wa Newton (N), batéyáká éte sɔ́kí makási mayíké masálémi, mpé mazalí o na esíká mɔ̌kɔ́ ya kopika, bokási boye bokobima tǒ nkabo, bokopɛ́sama o botángi, babéngi « vectoriel ». Sɔ́ki esíká ya kopika ya bokási etámbólí, ekopɛ́sa mosálá. Bokási bwa lotilíki, bwa mobáli. ''Edingwé azalakí na bokási bwa nzóto.'' [ Énergie, force, puissance, virilité ] :* bokóti (14) : Bokási. Nguyá. Bokási ya lotikilíki. Nguyá ya Nzámbe. ''Alakisí bokóti bwa yě o mǐso mya bato !'' [ énergie, force, vigueur ] :* loyókya (11/6) mayókya : Kéba. Ngɛlɛ́ : kosála kéba. Kotála bipái na bipái. Kokébisa. Kofungola mǐso na matɔ́i. Kosála ekɛ́ngɛ. [ attention, force, prudence, perspicacité ] :*nguyá (9/10) : Bokási, bokoki. Esengélí moto azala na yangó mpó asála elɔ́kɔ eye yě alingí tǒ batíndí yě. Na nguyá ya Nzámbe. Na nguyá ya mokonzi : sɔ́kí Nzámbe alingí, sɔ́kí mokonzi alingí. Sɔ́kí moto alingí na nguyá wa yě, akokí kotómbola ngómbá. Bokási tǒ makási maye makotínda moto asála elɔ́kɔ. Nguyá ya lotilíki, ya bwěmbé mpé bwěta. [ volonté, puissance, force ] :On pourrait donc utiliser bokási, makási, bokóti, nguyá interchangeablement. Il faut donc s'accorder sur un usage. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 12:26, 12 yuli 2006 (UTC) 8876 2006-07-13T12:13:33Z Bombo 12 lokóta / lokótá Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:16, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Hey Moyogo, Sur la page du Kongo. Sur quelle base tu as change le nom en Ekolo Nsomi Kongo, ce qui signifie "Etat Independant/Libre du Congo" ? Est ce le nom officiel a ce jour? La raison pour laquelle j'avais mis "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki", c'est par manque de traduction literalle. Mais "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki" n'est pas du Kikongo non plus. Merci pour l'aide en general. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] Merci Moyogo pour cette reponse incroyablement rapide!!! :) Et merci de m'apprendre qu'il existe une source aussi detaille de termes politiques dont je n'etait pas au courant!!!! je suis tellement content de pouvoir avoir ce document pourma Grand-mere, mais aussi pour pouvoir mettre en place d'autres pages de pays, ainsi qu'ameliorer la page de politique du Kongo et des autres. Maintenant, il y a des pages que j'avais faites basees sur le fait que "Republiki ya Kongo Demokratika" etait le nom officiel en lingala. Comment le changer? Et secundo, puis-je mettre la Constitution en lingala ici? Merci Ali. == De Rien! == :You're welcome; I don't know Lingala and only little French, but I'll do what I can to help clean up... If I ever do something inappropriate, please don't hesitate to reverse me...! I just noticed that there was a lot of clutter in the mainspace... The main method I am using is to go down the list at [[Special:Shortpages]], article by article, and see if anything needs to be done... I'm almost finished now... Regards, [[User:Blockinblox|Blockinblox]] 18:06, 5 novembere 2005 (UTC) == (clean) == Bonjour Moyogo Je m'excuse de ne pas avoir "nettoyé" les divers pages qui ont été modifié cette nuit. Je les ais regardé vers 11 heures, donc 40 minutes avant toi, mais ils étaient vide! C'est seulement maintenant, dans l'hisotique en comparaisant que je découvre tout ces liens.... --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:57, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) : :) ouais je ne comprennais pas pourquoi elles étaient vides, après la troisième j'ai regardé le contenu de plus près. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 09:58, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) == salut == salut a toi Moyogo. j'ai vu les modiffications que tu as apportees e tje t'en remercie. j'ai arrete l'edition mais je compte y revenir aussi vite que possible. merci pour l'aide a toi et a Bombo. [[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] == masi == merci pour cette remarque. j'aimerais bien avpir un tel dico mais malheureusement je ne sais pas comment. il pourrait beaucoup m'aider. libota, mopiko, liboke, merci. nous allons devoir (si ce n'est deja pas fait) bien determiner que signifie quoi. cad quelle mot est utilise pour "famille" quel mot pour "paquet"(ici j'ai en tete paquet dans la theorie des quanta)et "groupe". Et est-ce que le mot "eleko" convient pour le mot "periode" pour traduire "tableau periodique" en "etánda lya bileko"?? qu'en penses-tu? == kemi == salut moyogo comment tu vas? j'aimerais bien me procurer le dictionnaire mais malhereusement de ce cote c'est assez difficile. je voudrais commencer l'edition des composes chimiques et de leur nomenclature, est-ce que je peux trouver cela dans le dictionnaire? [[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] == kemi == merci pour tout. j'essayerai d'editer selon cette forme ou bien j'essayerai de changer un peu , ca risque de prendre un peu de temps... je fairais signe quand ce sera pret et vous pourrez toujours verifier et corriger au cas ou. == Trust in Wikipedia == this is [http://hku.hk/cathyma Cathy] from Hong Kong working on a research about trust on Wikipedia. I wonder if you would kindly contact me at researchingmedia@gmail.com? I'd like to chat with you about Wikipedia of your language. Would you kindly drop me your email or IM (Skype, MSN, AIM or ICQ)? It wouldn't take more than ten minutes, but it would help enormously for us to understand the overall trust-based social landscape of Wikipedia. Thank you! == kemi == salut. gspr que tt va bien chez toi. j'ai maintenant mes vacances et je crois que j'aurais plus de temps pour editer. j'ai fais quelque chose encore. tu peux verifier. Etanda ya bileko : H, N, O, C, tu pourras verifier et apportez des modifications quand tu en aurras le tems. fait moi signe si tu trouve des mots techniques. et je voudrais aussi demander si tu as des mot pour : energie, force et puissance. ce sont des mots en lingala tres proches..... merci encore et a la prochaine [[User:Ivo3|Ivo3]] :Difficile à traduire... le dictionnaire Kawata donne : :* bokási (14/6) makási : Likambo tǒ elɔ́kɔ eye ezali na nguyá mpé ekokí kobóngola botámboli ya elɔ́kɔ nyɔ́nsɔ tǒ kobébisa ezalela wa yě. Nguyá na mosálá mpé na mayɛ́lɛ. Bokási na bolingo. Bokási ya kokúmba elɔ́kɔ. O mekániki wa Newton (N), batéyáká éte sɔ́kí makási mayíké masálémi, mpé mazalí o na esíká mɔ̌kɔ́ ya kopika, bokási boye bokobima tǒ nkabo, bokopɛ́sama o botángi, babéngi « vectoriel ». Sɔ́ki esíká ya kopika ya bokási etámbólí, ekopɛ́sa mosálá. Bokási bwa lotilíki, bwa mobáli. ''Edingwé azalakí na bokási bwa nzóto.'' [ Énergie, force, puissance, virilité ] :* bokóti (14) : Bokási. Nguyá. Bokási ya lotikilíki. Nguyá ya Nzámbe. ''Alakisí bokóti bwa yě o mǐso mya bato !'' [ énergie, force, vigueur ] :* loyókya (11/6) mayókya : Kéba. Ngɛlɛ́ : kosála kéba. Kotála bipái na bipái. Kokébisa. Kofungola mǐso na matɔ́i. Kosála ekɛ́ngɛ. [ attention, force, prudence, perspicacité ] :*nguyá (9/10) : Bokási, bokoki. Esengélí moto azala na yangó mpó asála elɔ́kɔ eye yě alingí tǒ batíndí yě. Na nguyá ya Nzámbe. Na nguyá ya mokonzi : sɔ́kí Nzámbe alingí, sɔ́kí mokonzi alingí. Sɔ́kí moto alingí na nguyá wa yě, akokí kotómbola ngómbá. Bokási tǒ makási maye makotínda moto asála elɔ́kɔ. Nguyá ya lotilíki, ya bwěmbé mpé bwěta. [ volonté, puissance, force ] :On pourrait donc utiliser bokási, makási, bokóti, nguyá interchangeablement. Il faut donc s'accorder sur un usage. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 12:26, 12 yuli 2006 (UTC) == lokóta / lokótá == Salut Moyogo Il y a ton article nouveau [[lokóta]] et un autre existant [[lokótá]]. * dans les articles de pays on trouve dans la forme du pluriel parfois ''nkóta'', parfois ''nkótá'' * ''Lokóta ya Leta'' est redirecté vers [[Lokótá ya Lɛ́ta]] * [[Category:Ndámbo ya lokóta ya Nizer-Kongo]] * [[Template:Nk-ndámbo-lokótá]] C'est pourqoui j'ais verifié à midi dans la bibliothèque municipale: * Edema ne connaît que '''lokótá''' * de même Dzokanga * Akowuah écrit ''lokota'', mais il n'utilise que ASCII et ne met pas d'accents Pourrait-on réunir les deux articles et unifier l'orthographe? Êtant absent poour 4 jours je le ferais volontier début de la semaine prochaine, mais pas sans «accord» de notre spécialiste d'orthographe. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:13, 13 yuli 2006 (UTC) 8877 2006-07-13T12:15:47Z Bombo 12 /* lokóta / lokótá */ typo Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:16, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Hey Moyogo, Sur la page du Kongo. Sur quelle base tu as change le nom en Ekolo Nsomi Kongo, ce qui signifie "Etat Independant/Libre du Congo" ? Est ce le nom officiel a ce jour? La raison pour laquelle j'avais mis "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki", c'est par manque de traduction literalle. Mais "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki" n'est pas du Kikongo non plus. Merci pour l'aide en general. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] Merci Moyogo pour cette reponse incroyablement rapide!!! :) Et merci de m'apprendre qu'il existe une source aussi detaille de termes politiques dont je n'etait pas au courant!!!! je suis tellement content de pouvoir avoir ce document pourma Grand-mere, mais aussi pour pouvoir mettre en place d'autres pages de pays, ainsi qu'ameliorer la page de politique du Kongo et des autres. Maintenant, il y a des pages que j'avais faites basees sur le fait que "Republiki ya Kongo Demokratika" etait le nom officiel en lingala. Comment le changer? Et secundo, puis-je mettre la Constitution en lingala ici? Merci Ali. == De Rien! == :You're welcome; I don't know Lingala and only little French, but I'll do what I can to help clean up... If I ever do something inappropriate, please don't hesitate to reverse me...! I just noticed that there was a lot of clutter in the mainspace... The main method I am using is to go down the list at [[Special:Shortpages]], article by article, and see if anything needs to be done... I'm almost finished now... Regards, [[User:Blockinblox|Blockinblox]] 18:06, 5 novembere 2005 (UTC) == (clean) == Bonjour Moyogo Je m'excuse de ne pas avoir "nettoyé" les divers pages qui ont été modifié cette nuit. Je les ais regardé vers 11 heures, donc 40 minutes avant toi, mais ils étaient vide! C'est seulement maintenant, dans l'hisotique en comparaisant que je découvre tout ces liens.... --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:57, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) : :) ouais je ne comprennais pas pourquoi elles étaient vides, après la troisième j'ai regardé le contenu de plus près. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 09:58, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) == salut == salut a toi Moyogo. j'ai vu les modiffications que tu as apportees e tje t'en remercie. j'ai arrete l'edition mais je compte y revenir aussi vite que possible. merci pour l'aide a toi et a Bombo. [[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] == masi == merci pour cette remarque. j'aimerais bien avpir un tel dico mais malheureusement je ne sais pas comment. il pourrait beaucoup m'aider. libota, mopiko, liboke, merci. nous allons devoir (si ce n'est deja pas fait) bien determiner que signifie quoi. cad quelle mot est utilise pour "famille" quel mot pour "paquet"(ici j'ai en tete paquet dans la theorie des quanta)et "groupe". Et est-ce que le mot "eleko" convient pour le mot "periode" pour traduire "tableau periodique" en "etánda lya bileko"?? qu'en penses-tu? == kemi == salut moyogo comment tu vas? j'aimerais bien me procurer le dictionnaire mais malhereusement de ce cote c'est assez difficile. je voudrais commencer l'edition des composes chimiques et de leur nomenclature, est-ce que je peux trouver cela dans le dictionnaire? [[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] == kemi == merci pour tout. j'essayerai d'editer selon cette forme ou bien j'essayerai de changer un peu , ca risque de prendre un peu de temps... je fairais signe quand ce sera pret et vous pourrez toujours verifier et corriger au cas ou. == Trust in Wikipedia == this is [http://hku.hk/cathyma Cathy] from Hong Kong working on a research about trust on Wikipedia. I wonder if you would kindly contact me at researchingmedia@gmail.com? I'd like to chat with you about Wikipedia of your language. Would you kindly drop me your email or IM (Skype, MSN, AIM or ICQ)? It wouldn't take more than ten minutes, but it would help enormously for us to understand the overall trust-based social landscape of Wikipedia. Thank you! == kemi == salut. gspr que tt va bien chez toi. j'ai maintenant mes vacances et je crois que j'aurais plus de temps pour editer. j'ai fais quelque chose encore. tu peux verifier. Etanda ya bileko : H, N, O, C, tu pourras verifier et apportez des modifications quand tu en aurras le tems. fait moi signe si tu trouve des mots techniques. et je voudrais aussi demander si tu as des mot pour : energie, force et puissance. ce sont des mots en lingala tres proches..... merci encore et a la prochaine [[User:Ivo3|Ivo3]] :Difficile à traduire... le dictionnaire Kawata donne : :* bokási (14/6) makási : Likambo tǒ elɔ́kɔ eye ezali na nguyá mpé ekokí kobóngola botámboli ya elɔ́kɔ nyɔ́nsɔ tǒ kobébisa ezalela wa yě. Nguyá na mosálá mpé na mayɛ́lɛ. Bokási na bolingo. Bokási ya kokúmba elɔ́kɔ. O mekániki wa Newton (N), batéyáká éte sɔ́kí makási mayíké masálémi, mpé mazalí o na esíká mɔ̌kɔ́ ya kopika, bokási boye bokobima tǒ nkabo, bokopɛ́sama o botángi, babéngi « vectoriel ». Sɔ́ki esíká ya kopika ya bokási etámbólí, ekopɛ́sa mosálá. Bokási bwa lotilíki, bwa mobáli. ''Edingwé azalakí na bokási bwa nzóto.'' [ Énergie, force, puissance, virilité ] :* bokóti (14) : Bokási. Nguyá. Bokási ya lotikilíki. Nguyá ya Nzámbe. ''Alakisí bokóti bwa yě o mǐso mya bato !'' [ énergie, force, vigueur ] :* loyókya (11/6) mayókya : Kéba. Ngɛlɛ́ : kosála kéba. Kotála bipái na bipái. Kokébisa. Kofungola mǐso na matɔ́i. Kosála ekɛ́ngɛ. [ attention, force, prudence, perspicacité ] :*nguyá (9/10) : Bokási, bokoki. Esengélí moto azala na yangó mpó asála elɔ́kɔ eye yě alingí tǒ batíndí yě. Na nguyá ya Nzámbe. Na nguyá ya mokonzi : sɔ́kí Nzámbe alingí, sɔ́kí mokonzi alingí. Sɔ́kí moto alingí na nguyá wa yě, akokí kotómbola ngómbá. Bokási tǒ makási maye makotínda moto asála elɔ́kɔ. Nguyá ya lotilíki, ya bwěmbé mpé bwěta. [ volonté, puissance, force ] :On pourrait donc utiliser bokási, makási, bokóti, nguyá interchangeablement. Il faut donc s'accorder sur un usage. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 12:26, 12 yuli 2006 (UTC) == lokóta / lokótá == Salut Moyogo Il y a ton article nouveau [[lokóta]] et un autre existant [[lokótá]]. * dans les articles de pays on trouve dans la forme du pluriel parfois ''nkóta'', parfois ''nkótá'' * ''Lokóta ya Leta'' est redirecté vers [[Lokótá ya Lɛ́ta]] * Category:Ndámbo ya ''lokóta'' ya Nizer-Kongo * [[Template:Nk-ndámbo-lokótá]] C'est pourqoui j'ais verifié à midi dans la bibliothèque municipale: * Edema ne connaît que '''lokótá''' * de même Dzokanga * Akowuah écrit ''lokota'', mais il n'utilise que ASCII et ne met pas d'accents Pourrait-on réunir les deux articles et unifier l'orthographe? Êtant absent poour 4 jours je le ferais volontier début de la semaine prochaine, mais pas sans «accord» de notre spécialiste d'orthographe. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:13, 13 yuli 2006 (UTC) 8886 2006-07-13T13:24:59Z Moyogo 11 /* lokóta / lokótá */ Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:16, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Hey Moyogo, Sur la page du Kongo. Sur quelle base tu as change le nom en Ekolo Nsomi Kongo, ce qui signifie "Etat Independant/Libre du Congo" ? Est ce le nom officiel a ce jour? La raison pour laquelle j'avais mis "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki", c'est par manque de traduction literalle. Mais "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki" n'est pas du Kikongo non plus. Merci pour l'aide en general. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] Merci Moyogo pour cette reponse incroyablement rapide!!! :) Et merci de m'apprendre qu'il existe une source aussi detaille de termes politiques dont je n'etait pas au courant!!!! je suis tellement content de pouvoir avoir ce document pourma Grand-mere, mais aussi pour pouvoir mettre en place d'autres pages de pays, ainsi qu'ameliorer la page de politique du Kongo et des autres. Maintenant, il y a des pages que j'avais faites basees sur le fait que "Republiki ya Kongo Demokratika" etait le nom officiel en lingala. Comment le changer? Et secundo, puis-je mettre la Constitution en lingala ici? Merci Ali. == De Rien! == :You're welcome; I don't know Lingala and only little French, but I'll do what I can to help clean up... If I ever do something inappropriate, please don't hesitate to reverse me...! I just noticed that there was a lot of clutter in the mainspace... The main method I am using is to go down the list at [[Special:Shortpages]], article by article, and see if anything needs to be done... I'm almost finished now... Regards, [[User:Blockinblox|Blockinblox]] 18:06, 5 novembere 2005 (UTC) == (clean) == Bonjour Moyogo Je m'excuse de ne pas avoir "nettoyé" les divers pages qui ont été modifié cette nuit. Je les ais regardé vers 11 heures, donc 40 minutes avant toi, mais ils étaient vide! C'est seulement maintenant, dans l'hisotique en comparaisant que je découvre tout ces liens.... --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:57, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) : :) ouais je ne comprennais pas pourquoi elles étaient vides, après la troisième j'ai regardé le contenu de plus près. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 09:58, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) == salut == salut a toi Moyogo. j'ai vu les modiffications que tu as apportees e tje t'en remercie. j'ai arrete l'edition mais je compte y revenir aussi vite que possible. merci pour l'aide a toi et a Bombo. [[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] == masi == merci pour cette remarque. j'aimerais bien avpir un tel dico mais malheureusement je ne sais pas comment. il pourrait beaucoup m'aider. libota, mopiko, liboke, merci. nous allons devoir (si ce n'est deja pas fait) bien determiner que signifie quoi. cad quelle mot est utilise pour "famille" quel mot pour "paquet"(ici j'ai en tete paquet dans la theorie des quanta)et "groupe". Et est-ce que le mot "eleko" convient pour le mot "periode" pour traduire "tableau periodique" en "etánda lya bileko"?? qu'en penses-tu? == kemi == salut moyogo comment tu vas? j'aimerais bien me procurer le dictionnaire mais malhereusement de ce cote c'est assez difficile. je voudrais commencer l'edition des composes chimiques et de leur nomenclature, est-ce que je peux trouver cela dans le dictionnaire? [[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] == kemi == merci pour tout. j'essayerai d'editer selon cette forme ou bien j'essayerai de changer un peu , ca risque de prendre un peu de temps... je fairais signe quand ce sera pret et vous pourrez toujours verifier et corriger au cas ou. == Trust in Wikipedia == this is [http://hku.hk/cathyma Cathy] from Hong Kong working on a research about trust on Wikipedia. I wonder if you would kindly contact me at researchingmedia@gmail.com? I'd like to chat with you about Wikipedia of your language. Would you kindly drop me your email or IM (Skype, MSN, AIM or ICQ)? It wouldn't take more than ten minutes, but it would help enormously for us to understand the overall trust-based social landscape of Wikipedia. Thank you! == kemi == salut. gspr que tt va bien chez toi. j'ai maintenant mes vacances et je crois que j'aurais plus de temps pour editer. j'ai fais quelque chose encore. tu peux verifier. Etanda ya bileko : H, N, O, C, tu pourras verifier et apportez des modifications quand tu en aurras le tems. fait moi signe si tu trouve des mots techniques. et je voudrais aussi demander si tu as des mot pour : energie, force et puissance. ce sont des mots en lingala tres proches..... merci encore et a la prochaine [[User:Ivo3|Ivo3]] :Difficile à traduire... le dictionnaire Kawata donne : :* bokási (14/6) makási : Likambo tǒ elɔ́kɔ eye ezali na nguyá mpé ekokí kobóngola botámboli ya elɔ́kɔ nyɔ́nsɔ tǒ kobébisa ezalela wa yě. Nguyá na mosálá mpé na mayɛ́lɛ. Bokási na bolingo. Bokási ya kokúmba elɔ́kɔ. O mekániki wa Newton (N), batéyáká éte sɔ́kí makási mayíké masálémi, mpé mazalí o na esíká mɔ̌kɔ́ ya kopika, bokási boye bokobima tǒ nkabo, bokopɛ́sama o botángi, babéngi « vectoriel ». Sɔ́ki esíká ya kopika ya bokási etámbólí, ekopɛ́sa mosálá. Bokási bwa lotilíki, bwa mobáli. ''Edingwé azalakí na bokási bwa nzóto.'' [ Énergie, force, puissance, virilité ] :* bokóti (14) : Bokási. Nguyá. Bokási ya lotikilíki. Nguyá ya Nzámbe. ''Alakisí bokóti bwa yě o mǐso mya bato !'' [ énergie, force, vigueur ] :* loyókya (11/6) mayókya : Kéba. Ngɛlɛ́ : kosála kéba. Kotála bipái na bipái. Kokébisa. Kofungola mǐso na matɔ́i. Kosála ekɛ́ngɛ. [ attention, force, prudence, perspicacité ] :*nguyá (9/10) : Bokási, bokoki. Esengélí moto azala na yangó mpó asála elɔ́kɔ eye yě alingí tǒ batíndí yě. Na nguyá ya Nzámbe. Na nguyá ya mokonzi : sɔ́kí Nzámbe alingí, sɔ́kí mokonzi alingí. Sɔ́kí moto alingí na nguyá wa yě, akokí kotómbola ngómbá. Bokási tǒ makási maye makotínda moto asála elɔ́kɔ. Nguyá ya lotilíki, ya bwěmbé mpé bwěta. [ volonté, puissance, force ] :On pourrait donc utiliser bokási, makási, bokóti, nguyá interchangeablement. Il faut donc s'accorder sur un usage. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 12:26, 12 yuli 2006 (UTC) == lokóta / lokótá == Salut Moyogo Il y a ton article nouveau [[lokóta]] et un autre existant [[lokótá]]. * dans les articles de pays on trouve dans la forme du pluriel parfois ''nkóta'', parfois ''nkótá'' * ''Lokóta ya Leta'' est redirecté vers [[Lokótá ya Lɛ́ta]] * Category:Ndámbo ya ''lokóta'' ya Nizer-Kongo * [[Template:Nk-ndámbo-lokótá]] C'est pourqoui j'ais verifié à midi dans la bibliothèque municipale: * Edema ne connaît que '''lokótá''' * de même Dzokanga * Akowuah écrit ''lokota'', mais il n'utilise que ASCII et ne met pas d'accents Pourrait-on réunir les deux articles et unifier l'orthographe? Êtant absent poour 4 jours je le ferais volontier début de la semaine prochaine, mais pas sans «accord» de notre spécialiste d'orthographe. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:13, 13 yuli 2006 (UTC) :Merci pour la correction :-) C'est une erreur de frappe dans le Kawata sur la ligne lokóta (11/10) [-kóta] [nkótá] ... que je copie sans réfléchir. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 9075 2006-08-07T13:39:25Z Bombo 12 Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:16, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Hey Moyogo, Sur la page du Kongo. Sur quelle base tu as change le nom en Ekolo Nsomi Kongo, ce qui signifie "Etat Independant/Libre du Congo" ? Est ce le nom officiel a ce jour? La raison pour laquelle j'avais mis "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki", c'est par manque de traduction literalle. Mais "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki" n'est pas du Kikongo non plus. Merci pour l'aide en general. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] Merci Moyogo pour cette reponse incroyablement rapide!!! :) Et merci de m'apprendre qu'il existe une source aussi detaille de termes politiques dont je n'etait pas au courant!!!! je suis tellement content de pouvoir avoir ce document pourma Grand-mere, mais aussi pour pouvoir mettre en place d'autres pages de pays, ainsi qu'ameliorer la page de politique du Kongo et des autres. Maintenant, il y a des pages que j'avais faites basees sur le fait que "Republiki ya Kongo Demokratika" etait le nom officiel en lingala. Comment le changer? Et secundo, puis-je mettre la Constitution en lingala ici? Merci Ali. == De Rien! == :You're welcome; I don't know Lingala and only little French, but I'll do what I can to help clean up... If I ever do something inappropriate, please don't hesitate to reverse me...! I just noticed that there was a lot of clutter in the mainspace... The main method I am using is to go down the list at [[Special:Shortpages]], article by article, and see if anything needs to be done... I'm almost finished now... Regards, [[User:Blockinblox|Blockinblox]] 18:06, 5 novembere 2005 (UTC) == (clean) == Bonjour Moyogo Je m'excuse de ne pas avoir "nettoyé" les divers pages qui ont été modifié cette nuit. Je les ais regardé vers 11 heures, donc 40 minutes avant toi, mais ils étaient vide! C'est seulement maintenant, dans l'hisotique en comparaisant que je découvre tout ces liens.... --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:57, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) : :) ouais je ne comprennais pas pourquoi elles étaient vides, après la troisième j'ai regardé le contenu de plus près. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 09:58, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) == salut == salut a toi Moyogo. j'ai vu les modiffications que tu as apportees e tje t'en remercie. j'ai arrete l'edition mais je compte y revenir aussi vite que possible. merci pour l'aide a toi et a Bombo. [[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] == masi == merci pour cette remarque. j'aimerais bien avpir un tel dico mais malheureusement je ne sais pas comment. il pourrait beaucoup m'aider. libota, mopiko, liboke, merci. nous allons devoir (si ce n'est deja pas fait) bien determiner que signifie quoi. cad quelle mot est utilise pour "famille" quel mot pour "paquet"(ici j'ai en tete paquet dans la theorie des quanta)et "groupe". Et est-ce que le mot "eleko" convient pour le mot "periode" pour traduire "tableau periodique" en "etánda lya bileko"?? qu'en penses-tu? == kemi == salut moyogo comment tu vas? j'aimerais bien me procurer le dictionnaire mais malhereusement de ce cote c'est assez difficile. je voudrais commencer l'edition des composes chimiques et de leur nomenclature, est-ce que je peux trouver cela dans le dictionnaire? [[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] == kemi == merci pour tout. j'essayerai d'editer selon cette forme ou bien j'essayerai de changer un peu , ca risque de prendre un peu de temps... je fairais signe quand ce sera pret et vous pourrez toujours verifier et corriger au cas ou. == Trust in Wikipedia == this is [http://hku.hk/cathyma Cathy] from Hong Kong working on a research about trust on Wikipedia. I wonder if you would kindly contact me at researchingmedia@gmail.com? I'd like to chat with you about Wikipedia of your language. Would you kindly drop me your email or IM (Skype, MSN, AIM or ICQ)? It wouldn't take more than ten minutes, but it would help enormously for us to understand the overall trust-based social landscape of Wikipedia. Thank you! == kemi == salut. gspr que tt va bien chez toi. j'ai maintenant mes vacances et je crois que j'aurais plus de temps pour editer. j'ai fais quelque chose encore. tu peux verifier. Etanda ya bileko : H, N, O, C, tu pourras verifier et apportez des modifications quand tu en aurras le tems. fait moi signe si tu trouve des mots techniques. et je voudrais aussi demander si tu as des mot pour : energie, force et puissance. ce sont des mots en lingala tres proches..... merci encore et a la prochaine [[User:Ivo3|Ivo3]] :Difficile à traduire... le dictionnaire Kawata donne : :* bokási (14/6) makási : Likambo tǒ elɔ́kɔ eye ezali na nguyá mpé ekokí kobóngola botámboli ya elɔ́kɔ nyɔ́nsɔ tǒ kobébisa ezalela wa yě. Nguyá na mosálá mpé na mayɛ́lɛ. Bokási na bolingo. Bokási ya kokúmba elɔ́kɔ. O mekániki wa Newton (N), batéyáká éte sɔ́kí makási mayíké masálémi, mpé mazalí o na esíká mɔ̌kɔ́ ya kopika, bokási boye bokobima tǒ nkabo, bokopɛ́sama o botángi, babéngi « vectoriel ». Sɔ́ki esíká ya kopika ya bokási etámbólí, ekopɛ́sa mosálá. Bokási bwa lotilíki, bwa mobáli. ''Edingwé azalakí na bokási bwa nzóto.'' [ Énergie, force, puissance, virilité ] :* bokóti (14) : Bokási. Nguyá. Bokási ya lotikilíki. Nguyá ya Nzámbe. ''Alakisí bokóti bwa yě o mǐso mya bato !'' [ énergie, force, vigueur ] :* loyókya (11/6) mayókya : Kéba. Ngɛlɛ́ : kosála kéba. Kotála bipái na bipái. Kokébisa. Kofungola mǐso na matɔ́i. Kosála ekɛ́ngɛ. [ attention, force, prudence, perspicacité ] :*nguyá (9/10) : Bokási, bokoki. Esengélí moto azala na yangó mpó asála elɔ́kɔ eye yě alingí tǒ batíndí yě. Na nguyá ya Nzámbe. Na nguyá ya mokonzi : sɔ́kí Nzámbe alingí, sɔ́kí mokonzi alingí. Sɔ́kí moto alingí na nguyá wa yě, akokí kotómbola ngómbá. Bokási tǒ makási maye makotínda moto asála elɔ́kɔ. Nguyá ya lotilíki, ya bwěmbé mpé bwěta. [ volonté, puissance, force ] :On pourrait donc utiliser bokási, makási, bokóti, nguyá interchangeablement. Il faut donc s'accorder sur un usage. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 12:26, 12 yuli 2006 (UTC) == lokóta / lokótá == Salut Moyogo Il y a ton article nouveau [[lokóta]] et un autre existant [[lokótá]]. * dans les articles de pays on trouve dans la forme du pluriel parfois ''nkóta'', parfois ''nkótá'' * ''Lokóta ya Leta'' est redirecté vers [[Lokótá ya Lɛ́ta]] * Category:Ndámbo ya ''lokóta'' ya Nizer-Kongo * [[Template:Nk-ndámbo-lokótá]] C'est pourqoui j'ais verifié à midi dans la bibliothèque municipale: * Edema ne connaît que '''lokótá''' * de même Dzokanga * Akowuah écrit ''lokota'', mais il n'utilise que ASCII et ne met pas d'accents Pourrait-on réunir les deux articles et unifier l'orthographe? Êtant absent poour 4 jours je le ferais volontier début de la semaine prochaine, mais pas sans «accord» de notre spécialiste d'orthographe. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:13, 13 yuli 2006 (UTC) :Merci pour la correction :-) C'est une erreur de frappe dans le Kawata sur la ligne lokóta (11/10) [-kóta] [nkótá] ... que je copie sans réfléchir. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo Peux-tu vérifier les changements suivants dès ton retour: [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] Pour le reste, tout va bien ici.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:39, 7 ogusiti 2006 (UTC) 9568 2006-10-24T22:21:48Z Bombo 12 Orthographie Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:16, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Hey Moyogo, Sur la page du Kongo. Sur quelle base tu as change le nom en Ekolo Nsomi Kongo, ce qui signifie "Etat Independant/Libre du Congo" ? Est ce le nom officiel a ce jour? La raison pour laquelle j'avais mis "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki", c'est par manque de traduction literalle. Mais "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki" n'est pas du Kikongo non plus. Merci pour l'aide en general. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] Merci Moyogo pour cette reponse incroyablement rapide!!! :) Et merci de m'apprendre qu'il existe une source aussi detaille de termes politiques dont je n'etait pas au courant!!!! je suis tellement content de pouvoir avoir ce document pourma Grand-mere, mais aussi pour pouvoir mettre en place d'autres pages de pays, ainsi qu'ameliorer la page de politique du Kongo et des autres. Maintenant, il y a des pages que j'avais faites basees sur le fait que "Republiki ya Kongo Demokratika" etait le nom officiel en lingala. Comment le changer? Et secundo, puis-je mettre la Constitution en lingala ici? Merci Ali. == De Rien! == :You're welcome; I don't know Lingala and only little French, but I'll do what I can to help clean up... If I ever do something inappropriate, please don't hesitate to reverse me...! I just noticed that there was a lot of clutter in the mainspace... The main method I am using is to go down the list at [[Special:Shortpages]], article by article, and see if anything needs to be done... I'm almost finished now... Regards, [[User:Blockinblox|Blockinblox]] 18:06, 5 novembere 2005 (UTC) == (clean) == Bonjour Moyogo Je m'excuse de ne pas avoir "nettoyé" les divers pages qui ont été modifié cette nuit. Je les ais regardé vers 11 heures, donc 40 minutes avant toi, mais ils étaient vide! C'est seulement maintenant, dans l'hisotique en comparaisant que je découvre tout ces liens.... --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:57, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) : :) ouais je ne comprennais pas pourquoi elles étaient vides, après la troisième j'ai regardé le contenu de plus près. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 09:58, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) == salut == salut a toi Moyogo. j'ai vu les modiffications que tu as apportees e tje t'en remercie. j'ai arrete l'edition mais je compte y revenir aussi vite que possible. merci pour l'aide a toi et a Bombo. [[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] == masi == merci pour cette remarque. j'aimerais bien avpir un tel dico mais malheureusement je ne sais pas comment. il pourrait beaucoup m'aider. libota, mopiko, liboke, merci. nous allons devoir (si ce n'est deja pas fait) bien determiner que signifie quoi. cad quelle mot est utilise pour "famille" quel mot pour "paquet"(ici j'ai en tete paquet dans la theorie des quanta)et "groupe". Et est-ce que le mot "eleko" convient pour le mot "periode" pour traduire "tableau periodique" en "etánda lya bileko"?? qu'en penses-tu? == kemi == salut moyogo comment tu vas? j'aimerais bien me procurer le dictionnaire mais malhereusement de ce cote c'est assez difficile. je voudrais commencer l'edition des composes chimiques et de leur nomenclature, est-ce que je peux trouver cela dans le dictionnaire? [[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] == kemi == merci pour tout. j'essayerai d'editer selon cette forme ou bien j'essayerai de changer un peu , ca risque de prendre un peu de temps... je fairais signe quand ce sera pret et vous pourrez toujours verifier et corriger au cas ou. == Trust in Wikipedia == this is [http://hku.hk/cathyma Cathy] from Hong Kong working on a research about trust on Wikipedia. I wonder if you would kindly contact me at researchingmedia@gmail.com? I'd like to chat with you about Wikipedia of your language. Would you kindly drop me your email or IM (Skype, MSN, AIM or ICQ)? It wouldn't take more than ten minutes, but it would help enormously for us to understand the overall trust-based social landscape of Wikipedia. Thank you! == kemi == salut. gspr que tt va bien chez toi. j'ai maintenant mes vacances et je crois que j'aurais plus de temps pour editer. j'ai fais quelque chose encore. tu peux verifier. Etanda ya bileko : H, N, O, C, tu pourras verifier et apportez des modifications quand tu en aurras le tems. fait moi signe si tu trouve des mots techniques. et je voudrais aussi demander si tu as des mot pour : energie, force et puissance. ce sont des mots en lingala tres proches..... merci encore et a la prochaine [[User:Ivo3|Ivo3]] :Difficile à traduire... le dictionnaire Kawata donne : :* bokási (14/6) makási : Likambo tǒ elɔ́kɔ eye ezali na nguyá mpé ekokí kobóngola botámboli ya elɔ́kɔ nyɔ́nsɔ tǒ kobébisa ezalela wa yě. Nguyá na mosálá mpé na mayɛ́lɛ. Bokási na bolingo. Bokási ya kokúmba elɔ́kɔ. O mekániki wa Newton (N), batéyáká éte sɔ́kí makási mayíké masálémi, mpé mazalí o na esíká mɔ̌kɔ́ ya kopika, bokási boye bokobima tǒ nkabo, bokopɛ́sama o botángi, babéngi « vectoriel ». Sɔ́ki esíká ya kopika ya bokási etámbólí, ekopɛ́sa mosálá. Bokási bwa lotilíki, bwa mobáli. ''Edingwé azalakí na bokási bwa nzóto.'' [ Énergie, force, puissance, virilité ] :* bokóti (14) : Bokási. Nguyá. Bokási ya lotikilíki. Nguyá ya Nzámbe. ''Alakisí bokóti bwa yě o mǐso mya bato !'' [ énergie, force, vigueur ] :* loyókya (11/6) mayókya : Kéba. Ngɛlɛ́ : kosála kéba. Kotála bipái na bipái. Kokébisa. Kofungola mǐso na matɔ́i. Kosála ekɛ́ngɛ. [ attention, force, prudence, perspicacité ] :*nguyá (9/10) : Bokási, bokoki. Esengélí moto azala na yangó mpó asála elɔ́kɔ eye yě alingí tǒ batíndí yě. Na nguyá ya Nzámbe. Na nguyá ya mokonzi : sɔ́kí Nzámbe alingí, sɔ́kí mokonzi alingí. Sɔ́kí moto alingí na nguyá wa yě, akokí kotómbola ngómbá. Bokási tǒ makási maye makotínda moto asála elɔ́kɔ. Nguyá ya lotilíki, ya bwěmbé mpé bwěta. [ volonté, puissance, force ] :On pourrait donc utiliser bokási, makási, bokóti, nguyá interchangeablement. Il faut donc s'accorder sur un usage. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 12:26, 12 yuli 2006 (UTC) == lokóta / lokótá == Salut Moyogo Il y a ton article nouveau [[lokóta]] et un autre existant [[lokótá]]. * dans les articles de pays on trouve dans la forme du pluriel parfois ''nkóta'', parfois ''nkótá'' * ''Lokóta ya Leta'' est redirecté vers [[Lokótá ya Lɛ́ta]] * Category:Ndámbo ya ''lokóta'' ya Nizer-Kongo * [[Template:Nk-ndámbo-lokótá]] C'est pourqoui j'ais verifié à midi dans la bibliothèque municipale: * Edema ne connaît que '''lokótá''' * de même Dzokanga * Akowuah écrit ''lokota'', mais il n'utilise que ASCII et ne met pas d'accents Pourrait-on réunir les deux articles et unifier l'orthographe? Êtant absent poour 4 jours je le ferais volontier début de la semaine prochaine, mais pas sans «accord» de notre spécialiste d'orthographe. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:13, 13 yuli 2006 (UTC) :Merci pour la correction :-) C'est une erreur de frappe dans le Kawata sur la ligne lokóta (11/10) [-kóta] [nkótá] ... que je copie sans réfléchir. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo Peux-tu vérifier les changements suivants dès ton retour: [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] Pour le reste, tout va bien ici.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:39, 7 ogusiti 2006 (UTC) == Orthographie == Salut Moyogo J'ai reçu quelques articles en orthographie laxe (sur papier). J'ai mis en ligne celui de pâques ([[Pake]]). Visiblement c'est une orthographie laxe avec accents, mais sans ɛ et ɔ. Selon l'indication Elembo ´ elakisi matisa mongongo Elembo ` elakisi komatisa mongongo té peux-je transformer selon la règle ɛ -> é ɔ -> o o -> ó ou est-ce (probablement) trop simple? S'il y a une règle, je l'appliquera volontier. Sinon le pauvre gars qui corrigera un jour ici l'orthographie aura encore plus de travail - ou bien, ton project de vérificateur d'orthographe est déjà bien avancé et bientôt prêt? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:21, 24 oktobele 2006 (UTC) 9671 2006-11-08T05:38:23Z DBlomgren 92 Lingala Wiktionary Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:16, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Hey Moyogo, Sur la page du Kongo. Sur quelle base tu as change le nom en Ekolo Nsomi Kongo, ce qui signifie "Etat Independant/Libre du Congo" ? Est ce le nom officiel a ce jour? La raison pour laquelle j'avais mis "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki", c'est par manque de traduction literalle. Mais "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki" n'est pas du Kikongo non plus. Merci pour l'aide en general. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] Merci Moyogo pour cette reponse incroyablement rapide!!! :) Et merci de m'apprendre qu'il existe une source aussi detaille de termes politiques dont je n'etait pas au courant!!!! je suis tellement content de pouvoir avoir ce document pourma Grand-mere, mais aussi pour pouvoir mettre en place d'autres pages de pays, ainsi qu'ameliorer la page de politique du Kongo et des autres. Maintenant, il y a des pages que j'avais faites basees sur le fait que "Republiki ya Kongo Demokratika" etait le nom officiel en lingala. Comment le changer? Et secundo, puis-je mettre la Constitution en lingala ici? Merci Ali. == De Rien! == :You're welcome; I don't know Lingala and only little French, but I'll do what I can to help clean up... If I ever do something inappropriate, please don't hesitate to reverse me...! I just noticed that there was a lot of clutter in the mainspace... The main method I am using is to go down the list at [[Special:Shortpages]], article by article, and see if anything needs to be done... I'm almost finished now... Regards, [[User:Blockinblox|Blockinblox]] 18:06, 5 novembere 2005 (UTC) == (clean) == Bonjour Moyogo Je m'excuse de ne pas avoir "nettoyé" les divers pages qui ont été modifié cette nuit. Je les ais regardé vers 11 heures, donc 40 minutes avant toi, mais ils étaient vide! C'est seulement maintenant, dans l'hisotique en comparaisant que je découvre tout ces liens.... --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:57, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) : :) ouais je ne comprennais pas pourquoi elles étaient vides, après la troisième j'ai regardé le contenu de plus près. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 09:58, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) == salut == salut a toi Moyogo. j'ai vu les modiffications que tu as apportees e tje t'en remercie. j'ai arrete l'edition mais je compte y revenir aussi vite que possible. merci pour l'aide a toi et a Bombo. [[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] == masi == merci pour cette remarque. j'aimerais bien avpir un tel dico mais malheureusement je ne sais pas comment. il pourrait beaucoup m'aider. libota, mopiko, liboke, merci. nous allons devoir (si ce n'est deja pas fait) bien determiner que signifie quoi. cad quelle mot est utilise pour "famille" quel mot pour "paquet"(ici j'ai en tete paquet dans la theorie des quanta)et "groupe". Et est-ce que le mot "eleko" convient pour le mot "periode" pour traduire "tableau periodique" en "etánda lya bileko"?? qu'en penses-tu? == kemi == salut moyogo comment tu vas? j'aimerais bien me procurer le dictionnaire mais malhereusement de ce cote c'est assez difficile. je voudrais commencer l'edition des composes chimiques et de leur nomenclature, est-ce que je peux trouver cela dans le dictionnaire? [[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] == kemi == merci pour tout. j'essayerai d'editer selon cette forme ou bien j'essayerai de changer un peu , ca risque de prendre un peu de temps... je fairais signe quand ce sera pret et vous pourrez toujours verifier et corriger au cas ou. == Trust in Wikipedia == this is [http://hku.hk/cathyma Cathy] from Hong Kong working on a research about trust on Wikipedia. I wonder if you would kindly contact me at researchingmedia@gmail.com? I'd like to chat with you about Wikipedia of your language. Would you kindly drop me your email or IM (Skype, MSN, AIM or ICQ)? It wouldn't take more than ten minutes, but it would help enormously for us to understand the overall trust-based social landscape of Wikipedia. Thank you! == kemi == salut. gspr que tt va bien chez toi. j'ai maintenant mes vacances et je crois que j'aurais plus de temps pour editer. j'ai fais quelque chose encore. tu peux verifier. Etanda ya bileko : H, N, O, C, tu pourras verifier et apportez des modifications quand tu en aurras le tems. fait moi signe si tu trouve des mots techniques. et je voudrais aussi demander si tu as des mot pour : energie, force et puissance. ce sont des mots en lingala tres proches..... merci encore et a la prochaine [[User:Ivo3|Ivo3]] :Difficile à traduire... le dictionnaire Kawata donne : :* bokási (14/6) makási : Likambo tǒ elɔ́kɔ eye ezali na nguyá mpé ekokí kobóngola botámboli ya elɔ́kɔ nyɔ́nsɔ tǒ kobébisa ezalela wa yě. Nguyá na mosálá mpé na mayɛ́lɛ. Bokási na bolingo. Bokási ya kokúmba elɔ́kɔ. O mekániki wa Newton (N), batéyáká éte sɔ́kí makási mayíké masálémi, mpé mazalí o na esíká mɔ̌kɔ́ ya kopika, bokási boye bokobima tǒ nkabo, bokopɛ́sama o botángi, babéngi « vectoriel ». Sɔ́ki esíká ya kopika ya bokási etámbólí, ekopɛ́sa mosálá. Bokási bwa lotilíki, bwa mobáli. ''Edingwé azalakí na bokási bwa nzóto.'' [ Énergie, force, puissance, virilité ] :* bokóti (14) : Bokási. Nguyá. Bokási ya lotikilíki. Nguyá ya Nzámbe. ''Alakisí bokóti bwa yě o mǐso mya bato !'' [ énergie, force, vigueur ] :* loyókya (11/6) mayókya : Kéba. Ngɛlɛ́ : kosála kéba. Kotála bipái na bipái. Kokébisa. Kofungola mǐso na matɔ́i. Kosála ekɛ́ngɛ. [ attention, force, prudence, perspicacité ] :*nguyá (9/10) : Bokási, bokoki. Esengélí moto azala na yangó mpó asála elɔ́kɔ eye yě alingí tǒ batíndí yě. Na nguyá ya Nzámbe. Na nguyá ya mokonzi : sɔ́kí Nzámbe alingí, sɔ́kí mokonzi alingí. Sɔ́kí moto alingí na nguyá wa yě, akokí kotómbola ngómbá. Bokási tǒ makási maye makotínda moto asála elɔ́kɔ. Nguyá ya lotilíki, ya bwěmbé mpé bwěta. [ volonté, puissance, force ] :On pourrait donc utiliser bokási, makási, bokóti, nguyá interchangeablement. Il faut donc s'accorder sur un usage. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 12:26, 12 yuli 2006 (UTC) == lokóta / lokótá == Salut Moyogo Il y a ton article nouveau [[lokóta]] et un autre existant [[lokótá]]. * dans les articles de pays on trouve dans la forme du pluriel parfois ''nkóta'', parfois ''nkótá'' * ''Lokóta ya Leta'' est redirecté vers [[Lokótá ya Lɛ́ta]] * Category:Ndámbo ya ''lokóta'' ya Nizer-Kongo * [[Template:Nk-ndámbo-lokótá]] C'est pourqoui j'ais verifié à midi dans la bibliothèque municipale: * Edema ne connaît que '''lokótá''' * de même Dzokanga * Akowuah écrit ''lokota'', mais il n'utilise que ASCII et ne met pas d'accents Pourrait-on réunir les deux articles et unifier l'orthographe? Êtant absent poour 4 jours je le ferais volontier début de la semaine prochaine, mais pas sans «accord» de notre spécialiste d'orthographe. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:13, 13 yuli 2006 (UTC) :Merci pour la correction :-) C'est une erreur de frappe dans le Kawata sur la ligne lokóta (11/10) [-kóta] [nkótá] ... que je copie sans réfléchir. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo Peux-tu vérifier les changements suivants dès ton retour: [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] Pour le reste, tout va bien ici.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:39, 7 ogusiti 2006 (UTC) == Orthographie == Salut Moyogo J'ai reçu quelques articles en orthographie laxe (sur papier). J'ai mis en ligne celui de pâques ([[Pake]]). Visiblement c'est une orthographie laxe avec accents, mais sans ɛ et ɔ. Selon l'indication Elembo ´ elakisi matisa mongongo Elembo ` elakisi komatisa mongongo té peux-je transformer selon la règle ɛ -> é ɔ -> o o -> ó ou est-ce (probablement) trop simple? S'il y a une règle, je l'appliquera volontier. Sinon le pauvre gars qui corrigera un jour ici l'orthographie aura encore plus de travail - ou bien, ton project de vérificateur d'orthographe est déjà bien avancé et bientôt prêt? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:21, 24 oktobele 2006 (UTC) == Lingala Wiktionary == Mbote, Moyogo! Ozi congolais ya koyeba! Greetings from an American who has lived in the DR Congo. I was wondering if you know anything about www.ln.wiktionary.org. I checked it out tonight and it's worse than pamba. I need it because my Lingala/Bangala is very mabé. Another thing: Do you know if anyone is adding redirects in Lingala Wikipedia for words spelled without diacritical marks/phonetic symbols? I was surprised to find "Eropa" (Europe) as a word. I always thought it was "Poto" and searched for it - elókó tê. So I thought maybe if I typed "P - (upside-down c) - T - (upside-down c), I would find it, but of course, I didn't have a clue how to type that! If you could help me learn how to add redirects, nakosala yango. Melesi! [[User:DBlomgren|DBlomgren]] 05:38, 8 novembere 2006 (UTC) 9683 2006-11-09T23:38:59Z Moyogo 11 /* Orthographie */ Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:16, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Hey Moyogo, Sur la page du Kongo. Sur quelle base tu as change le nom en Ekolo Nsomi Kongo, ce qui signifie "Etat Independant/Libre du Congo" ? Est ce le nom officiel a ce jour? La raison pour laquelle j'avais mis "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki", c'est par manque de traduction literalle. Mais "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki" n'est pas du Kikongo non plus. Merci pour l'aide en general. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] Merci Moyogo pour cette reponse incroyablement rapide!!! :) Et merci de m'apprendre qu'il existe une source aussi detaille de termes politiques dont je n'etait pas au courant!!!! je suis tellement content de pouvoir avoir ce document pourma Grand-mere, mais aussi pour pouvoir mettre en place d'autres pages de pays, ainsi qu'ameliorer la page de politique du Kongo et des autres. Maintenant, il y a des pages que j'avais faites basees sur le fait que "Republiki ya Kongo Demokratika" etait le nom officiel en lingala. Comment le changer? Et secundo, puis-je mettre la Constitution en lingala ici? Merci Ali. == De Rien! == :You're welcome; I don't know Lingala and only little French, but I'll do what I can to help clean up... If I ever do something inappropriate, please don't hesitate to reverse me...! I just noticed that there was a lot of clutter in the mainspace... The main method I am using is to go down the list at [[Special:Shortpages]], article by article, and see if anything needs to be done... I'm almost finished now... Regards, [[User:Blockinblox|Blockinblox]] 18:06, 5 novembere 2005 (UTC) == (clean) == Bonjour Moyogo Je m'excuse de ne pas avoir "nettoyé" les divers pages qui ont été modifié cette nuit. Je les ais regardé vers 11 heures, donc 40 minutes avant toi, mais ils étaient vide! C'est seulement maintenant, dans l'hisotique en comparaisant que je découvre tout ces liens.... --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:57, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) : :) ouais je ne comprennais pas pourquoi elles étaient vides, après la troisième j'ai regardé le contenu de plus près. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 09:58, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) == salut == salut a toi Moyogo. j'ai vu les modiffications que tu as apportees e tje t'en remercie. j'ai arrete l'edition mais je compte y revenir aussi vite que possible. merci pour l'aide a toi et a Bombo. [[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] == masi == merci pour cette remarque. j'aimerais bien avpir un tel dico mais malheureusement je ne sais pas comment. il pourrait beaucoup m'aider. libota, mopiko, liboke, merci. nous allons devoir (si ce n'est deja pas fait) bien determiner que signifie quoi. cad quelle mot est utilise pour "famille" quel mot pour "paquet"(ici j'ai en tete paquet dans la theorie des quanta)et "groupe". Et est-ce que le mot "eleko" convient pour le mot "periode" pour traduire "tableau periodique" en "etánda lya bileko"?? qu'en penses-tu? == kemi == salut moyogo comment tu vas? j'aimerais bien me procurer le dictionnaire mais malhereusement de ce cote c'est assez difficile. je voudrais commencer l'edition des composes chimiques et de leur nomenclature, est-ce que je peux trouver cela dans le dictionnaire? [[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] == kemi == merci pour tout. j'essayerai d'editer selon cette forme ou bien j'essayerai de changer un peu , ca risque de prendre un peu de temps... je fairais signe quand ce sera pret et vous pourrez toujours verifier et corriger au cas ou. == Trust in Wikipedia == this is [http://hku.hk/cathyma Cathy] from Hong Kong working on a research about trust on Wikipedia. I wonder if you would kindly contact me at researchingmedia@gmail.com? I'd like to chat with you about Wikipedia of your language. Would you kindly drop me your email or IM (Skype, MSN, AIM or ICQ)? It wouldn't take more than ten minutes, but it would help enormously for us to understand the overall trust-based social landscape of Wikipedia. Thank you! == kemi == salut. gspr que tt va bien chez toi. j'ai maintenant mes vacances et je crois que j'aurais plus de temps pour editer. j'ai fais quelque chose encore. tu peux verifier. Etanda ya bileko : H, N, O, C, tu pourras verifier et apportez des modifications quand tu en aurras le tems. fait moi signe si tu trouve des mots techniques. et je voudrais aussi demander si tu as des mot pour : energie, force et puissance. ce sont des mots en lingala tres proches..... merci encore et a la prochaine [[User:Ivo3|Ivo3]] :Difficile à traduire... le dictionnaire Kawata donne : :* bokási (14/6) makási : Likambo tǒ elɔ́kɔ eye ezali na nguyá mpé ekokí kobóngola botámboli ya elɔ́kɔ nyɔ́nsɔ tǒ kobébisa ezalela wa yě. Nguyá na mosálá mpé na mayɛ́lɛ. Bokási na bolingo. Bokási ya kokúmba elɔ́kɔ. O mekániki wa Newton (N), batéyáká éte sɔ́kí makási mayíké masálémi, mpé mazalí o na esíká mɔ̌kɔ́ ya kopika, bokási boye bokobima tǒ nkabo, bokopɛ́sama o botángi, babéngi « vectoriel ». Sɔ́ki esíká ya kopika ya bokási etámbólí, ekopɛ́sa mosálá. Bokási bwa lotilíki, bwa mobáli. ''Edingwé azalakí na bokási bwa nzóto.'' [ Énergie, force, puissance, virilité ] :* bokóti (14) : Bokási. Nguyá. Bokási ya lotikilíki. Nguyá ya Nzámbe. ''Alakisí bokóti bwa yě o mǐso mya bato !'' [ énergie, force, vigueur ] :* loyókya (11/6) mayókya : Kéba. Ngɛlɛ́ : kosála kéba. Kotála bipái na bipái. Kokébisa. Kofungola mǐso na matɔ́i. Kosála ekɛ́ngɛ. [ attention, force, prudence, perspicacité ] :*nguyá (9/10) : Bokási, bokoki. Esengélí moto azala na yangó mpó asála elɔ́kɔ eye yě alingí tǒ batíndí yě. Na nguyá ya Nzámbe. Na nguyá ya mokonzi : sɔ́kí Nzámbe alingí, sɔ́kí mokonzi alingí. Sɔ́kí moto alingí na nguyá wa yě, akokí kotómbola ngómbá. Bokási tǒ makási maye makotínda moto asála elɔ́kɔ. Nguyá ya lotilíki, ya bwěmbé mpé bwěta. [ volonté, puissance, force ] :On pourrait donc utiliser bokási, makási, bokóti, nguyá interchangeablement. Il faut donc s'accorder sur un usage. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 12:26, 12 yuli 2006 (UTC) == lokóta / lokótá == Salut Moyogo Il y a ton article nouveau [[lokóta]] et un autre existant [[lokótá]]. * dans les articles de pays on trouve dans la forme du pluriel parfois ''nkóta'', parfois ''nkótá'' * ''Lokóta ya Leta'' est redirecté vers [[Lokótá ya Lɛ́ta]] * Category:Ndámbo ya ''lokóta'' ya Nizer-Kongo * [[Template:Nk-ndámbo-lokótá]] C'est pourqoui j'ais verifié à midi dans la bibliothèque municipale: * Edema ne connaît que '''lokótá''' * de même Dzokanga * Akowuah écrit ''lokota'', mais il n'utilise que ASCII et ne met pas d'accents Pourrait-on réunir les deux articles et unifier l'orthographe? Êtant absent poour 4 jours je le ferais volontier début de la semaine prochaine, mais pas sans «accord» de notre spécialiste d'orthographe. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:13, 13 yuli 2006 (UTC) :Merci pour la correction :-) C'est une erreur de frappe dans le Kawata sur la ligne lokóta (11/10) [-kóta] [nkótá] ... que je copie sans réfléchir. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo Peux-tu vérifier les changements suivants dès ton retour: [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] Pour le reste, tout va bien ici.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:39, 7 ogusiti 2006 (UTC) == Orthographie == Salut Moyogo J'ai reçu quelques articles en orthographie laxe (sur papier). J'ai mis en ligne celui de pâques ([[Pake]]). Visiblement c'est une orthographie laxe avec accents, mais sans ɛ et ɔ. Selon l'indication Elembo ´ elakisi matisa mongongo Elembo ` elakisi komatisa mongongo té peux-je transformer selon la règle ɛ -> é ɔ -> o o -> ó ou est-ce (probablement) trop simple? S'il y a une règle, je l'appliquera volontier. Sinon le pauvre gars qui corrigera un jour ici l'orthographie aura encore plus de travail - ou bien, ton project de vérificateur d'orthographe est déjà bien avancé et bientôt prêt? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:21, 24 oktobele 2006 (UTC) :Salut Bombo,<br/>Pour l'instant c'est sans doute plus simple de garder le texte avec l'orthographe ''populaire''. On peut toujours réécrire avec l'orthographe académique plus tard. J'ai encore pas mal de chose à faire pour le correcteur d'orthographe. Mais je vais essayer de travailler plus dessus. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 23:38, 9 novembere 2006 (UTC) == Lingala Wiktionary == Mbote, Moyogo! Ozi congolais ya koyeba! Greetings from an American who has lived in the DR Congo. I was wondering if you know anything about www.ln.wiktionary.org. I checked it out tonight and it's worse than pamba. I need it because my Lingala/Bangala is very mabé. Another thing: Do you know if anyone is adding redirects in Lingala Wikipedia for words spelled without diacritical marks/phonetic symbols? I was surprised to find "Eropa" (Europe) as a word. I always thought it was "Poto" and searched for it - elókó tê. So I thought maybe if I typed "P - (upside-down c) - T - (upside-down c), I would find it, but of course, I didn't have a clue how to type that! If you could help me learn how to add redirects, nakosala yango. Melesi! [[User:DBlomgren|DBlomgren]] 05:38, 8 novembere 2006 (UTC) 9684 2006-11-09T23:43:06Z Moyogo 11 /* Lingala Wiktionary */ Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:16, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Hey Moyogo, Sur la page du Kongo. Sur quelle base tu as change le nom en Ekolo Nsomi Kongo, ce qui signifie "Etat Independant/Libre du Congo" ? Est ce le nom officiel a ce jour? La raison pour laquelle j'avais mis "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki", c'est par manque de traduction literalle. Mais "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki" n'est pas du Kikongo non plus. Merci pour l'aide en general. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] Merci Moyogo pour cette reponse incroyablement rapide!!! :) Et merci de m'apprendre qu'il existe une source aussi detaille de termes politiques dont je n'etait pas au courant!!!! je suis tellement content de pouvoir avoir ce document pourma Grand-mere, mais aussi pour pouvoir mettre en place d'autres pages de pays, ainsi qu'ameliorer la page de politique du Kongo et des autres. Maintenant, il y a des pages que j'avais faites basees sur le fait que "Republiki ya Kongo Demokratika" etait le nom officiel en lingala. Comment le changer? Et secundo, puis-je mettre la Constitution en lingala ici? Merci Ali. == De Rien! == :You're welcome; I don't know Lingala and only little French, but I'll do what I can to help clean up... If I ever do something inappropriate, please don't hesitate to reverse me...! I just noticed that there was a lot of clutter in the mainspace... The main method I am using is to go down the list at [[Special:Shortpages]], article by article, and see if anything needs to be done... I'm almost finished now... Regards, [[User:Blockinblox|Blockinblox]] 18:06, 5 novembere 2005 (UTC) == (clean) == Bonjour Moyogo Je m'excuse de ne pas avoir "nettoyé" les divers pages qui ont été modifié cette nuit. Je les ais regardé vers 11 heures, donc 40 minutes avant toi, mais ils étaient vide! C'est seulement maintenant, dans l'hisotique en comparaisant que je découvre tout ces liens.... --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:57, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) : :) ouais je ne comprennais pas pourquoi elles étaient vides, après la troisième j'ai regardé le contenu de plus près. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 09:58, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) == salut == salut a toi Moyogo. j'ai vu les modiffications que tu as apportees e tje t'en remercie. j'ai arrete l'edition mais je compte y revenir aussi vite que possible. merci pour l'aide a toi et a Bombo. [[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] == masi == merci pour cette remarque. j'aimerais bien avpir un tel dico mais malheureusement je ne sais pas comment. il pourrait beaucoup m'aider. libota, mopiko, liboke, merci. nous allons devoir (si ce n'est deja pas fait) bien determiner que signifie quoi. cad quelle mot est utilise pour "famille" quel mot pour "paquet"(ici j'ai en tete paquet dans la theorie des quanta)et "groupe". Et est-ce que le mot "eleko" convient pour le mot "periode" pour traduire "tableau periodique" en "etánda lya bileko"?? qu'en penses-tu? == kemi == salut moyogo comment tu vas? j'aimerais bien me procurer le dictionnaire mais malhereusement de ce cote c'est assez difficile. je voudrais commencer l'edition des composes chimiques et de leur nomenclature, est-ce que je peux trouver cela dans le dictionnaire? [[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] == kemi == merci pour tout. j'essayerai d'editer selon cette forme ou bien j'essayerai de changer un peu , ca risque de prendre un peu de temps... je fairais signe quand ce sera pret et vous pourrez toujours verifier et corriger au cas ou. == Trust in Wikipedia == this is [http://hku.hk/cathyma Cathy] from Hong Kong working on a research about trust on Wikipedia. I wonder if you would kindly contact me at researchingmedia@gmail.com? I'd like to chat with you about Wikipedia of your language. Would you kindly drop me your email or IM (Skype, MSN, AIM or ICQ)? It wouldn't take more than ten minutes, but it would help enormously for us to understand the overall trust-based social landscape of Wikipedia. Thank you! == kemi == salut. gspr que tt va bien chez toi. j'ai maintenant mes vacances et je crois que j'aurais plus de temps pour editer. j'ai fais quelque chose encore. tu peux verifier. Etanda ya bileko : H, N, O, C, tu pourras verifier et apportez des modifications quand tu en aurras le tems. fait moi signe si tu trouve des mots techniques. et je voudrais aussi demander si tu as des mot pour : energie, force et puissance. ce sont des mots en lingala tres proches..... merci encore et a la prochaine [[User:Ivo3|Ivo3]] :Difficile à traduire... le dictionnaire Kawata donne : :* bokási (14/6) makási : Likambo tǒ elɔ́kɔ eye ezali na nguyá mpé ekokí kobóngola botámboli ya elɔ́kɔ nyɔ́nsɔ tǒ kobébisa ezalela wa yě. Nguyá na mosálá mpé na mayɛ́lɛ. Bokási na bolingo. Bokási ya kokúmba elɔ́kɔ. O mekániki wa Newton (N), batéyáká éte sɔ́kí makási mayíké masálémi, mpé mazalí o na esíká mɔ̌kɔ́ ya kopika, bokási boye bokobima tǒ nkabo, bokopɛ́sama o botángi, babéngi « vectoriel ». Sɔ́ki esíká ya kopika ya bokási etámbólí, ekopɛ́sa mosálá. Bokási bwa lotilíki, bwa mobáli. ''Edingwé azalakí na bokási bwa nzóto.'' [ Énergie, force, puissance, virilité ] :* bokóti (14) : Bokási. Nguyá. Bokási ya lotikilíki. Nguyá ya Nzámbe. ''Alakisí bokóti bwa yě o mǐso mya bato !'' [ énergie, force, vigueur ] :* loyókya (11/6) mayókya : Kéba. Ngɛlɛ́ : kosála kéba. Kotála bipái na bipái. Kokébisa. Kofungola mǐso na matɔ́i. Kosála ekɛ́ngɛ. [ attention, force, prudence, perspicacité ] :*nguyá (9/10) : Bokási, bokoki. Esengélí moto azala na yangó mpó asála elɔ́kɔ eye yě alingí tǒ batíndí yě. Na nguyá ya Nzámbe. Na nguyá ya mokonzi : sɔ́kí Nzámbe alingí, sɔ́kí mokonzi alingí. Sɔ́kí moto alingí na nguyá wa yě, akokí kotómbola ngómbá. Bokási tǒ makási maye makotínda moto asála elɔ́kɔ. Nguyá ya lotilíki, ya bwěmbé mpé bwěta. [ volonté, puissance, force ] :On pourrait donc utiliser bokási, makási, bokóti, nguyá interchangeablement. Il faut donc s'accorder sur un usage. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 12:26, 12 yuli 2006 (UTC) == lokóta / lokótá == Salut Moyogo Il y a ton article nouveau [[lokóta]] et un autre existant [[lokótá]]. * dans les articles de pays on trouve dans la forme du pluriel parfois ''nkóta'', parfois ''nkótá'' * ''Lokóta ya Leta'' est redirecté vers [[Lokótá ya Lɛ́ta]] * Category:Ndámbo ya ''lokóta'' ya Nizer-Kongo * [[Template:Nk-ndámbo-lokótá]] C'est pourqoui j'ais verifié à midi dans la bibliothèque municipale: * Edema ne connaît que '''lokótá''' * de même Dzokanga * Akowuah écrit ''lokota'', mais il n'utilise que ASCII et ne met pas d'accents Pourrait-on réunir les deux articles et unifier l'orthographe? Êtant absent poour 4 jours je le ferais volontier début de la semaine prochaine, mais pas sans «accord» de notre spécialiste d'orthographe. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:13, 13 yuli 2006 (UTC) :Merci pour la correction :-) C'est une erreur de frappe dans le Kawata sur la ligne lokóta (11/10) [-kóta] [nkótá] ... que je copie sans réfléchir. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo Peux-tu vérifier les changements suivants dès ton retour: [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] Pour le reste, tout va bien ici.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:39, 7 ogusiti 2006 (UTC) == Orthographie == Salut Moyogo J'ai reçu quelques articles en orthographie laxe (sur papier). J'ai mis en ligne celui de pâques ([[Pake]]). Visiblement c'est une orthographie laxe avec accents, mais sans ɛ et ɔ. Selon l'indication Elembo ´ elakisi matisa mongongo Elembo ` elakisi komatisa mongongo té peux-je transformer selon la règle ɛ -> é ɔ -> o o -> ó ou est-ce (probablement) trop simple? S'il y a une règle, je l'appliquera volontier. Sinon le pauvre gars qui corrigera un jour ici l'orthographie aura encore plus de travail - ou bien, ton project de vérificateur d'orthographe est déjà bien avancé et bientôt prêt? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:21, 24 oktobele 2006 (UTC) :Salut Bombo,<br/>Pour l'instant c'est sans doute plus simple de garder le texte avec l'orthographe ''populaire''. On peut toujours réécrire avec l'orthographe académique plus tard. J'ai encore pas mal de chose à faire pour le correcteur d'orthographe. Mais je vais essayer de travailler plus dessus. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 23:38, 9 novembere 2006 (UTC) == Lingala Wiktionary == Mbote, Moyogo! Ozi congolais ya koyeba! Greetings from an American who has lived in the DR Congo. I was wondering if you know anything about www.ln.wiktionary.org. I checked it out tonight and it's worse than pamba. I need it because my Lingala/Bangala is very mabé. Another thing: Do you know if anyone is adding redirects in Lingala Wikipedia for words spelled without diacritical marks/phonetic symbols? I was surprised to find "Eropa" (Europe) as a word. I always thought it was "Poto" and searched for it - elókó tê. So I thought maybe if I typed "P - (upside-down c) - T - (upside-down c), I would find it, but of course, I didn't have a clue how to type that! If you could help me learn how to add redirects, nakosala yango. Melesi! [[User:DBlomgren|DBlomgren]] 05:38, 8 novembere 2006 (UTC) :Mbote DBlomgren. <br/> [[Eropa]] is a borrowed word for Europe, whereas [[Mpoto]], which comes from the word Portugal, means many things. It generally means Europe, but it can also means America to a much lesser degree, or sometimes the Western world (Europe+America). --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 23:43, 9 novembere 2006 (UTC) 9685 2006-11-09T23:44:17Z Moyogo 11 /* Lingala Wiktionary */ Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:16, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Hey Moyogo, Sur la page du Kongo. Sur quelle base tu as change le nom en Ekolo Nsomi Kongo, ce qui signifie "Etat Independant/Libre du Congo" ? Est ce le nom officiel a ce jour? La raison pour laquelle j'avais mis "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki", c'est par manque de traduction literalle. Mais "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki" n'est pas du Kikongo non plus. Merci pour l'aide en general. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] Merci Moyogo pour cette reponse incroyablement rapide!!! :) Et merci de m'apprendre qu'il existe une source aussi detaille de termes politiques dont je n'etait pas au courant!!!! je suis tellement content de pouvoir avoir ce document pourma Grand-mere, mais aussi pour pouvoir mettre en place d'autres pages de pays, ainsi qu'ameliorer la page de politique du Kongo et des autres. Maintenant, il y a des pages que j'avais faites basees sur le fait que "Republiki ya Kongo Demokratika" etait le nom officiel en lingala. Comment le changer? Et secundo, puis-je mettre la Constitution en lingala ici? Merci Ali. == De Rien! == :You're welcome; I don't know Lingala and only little French, but I'll do what I can to help clean up... If I ever do something inappropriate, please don't hesitate to reverse me...! I just noticed that there was a lot of clutter in the mainspace... The main method I am using is to go down the list at [[Special:Shortpages]], article by article, and see if anything needs to be done... I'm almost finished now... Regards, [[User:Blockinblox|Blockinblox]] 18:06, 5 novembere 2005 (UTC) == (clean) == Bonjour Moyogo Je m'excuse de ne pas avoir "nettoyé" les divers pages qui ont été modifié cette nuit. Je les ais regardé vers 11 heures, donc 40 minutes avant toi, mais ils étaient vide! C'est seulement maintenant, dans l'hisotique en comparaisant que je découvre tout ces liens.... --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:57, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) : :) ouais je ne comprennais pas pourquoi elles étaient vides, après la troisième j'ai regardé le contenu de plus près. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 09:58, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) == salut == salut a toi Moyogo. j'ai vu les modiffications que tu as apportees e tje t'en remercie. j'ai arrete l'edition mais je compte y revenir aussi vite que possible. merci pour l'aide a toi et a Bombo. [[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] == masi == merci pour cette remarque. j'aimerais bien avpir un tel dico mais malheureusement je ne sais pas comment. il pourrait beaucoup m'aider. libota, mopiko, liboke, merci. nous allons devoir (si ce n'est deja pas fait) bien determiner que signifie quoi. cad quelle mot est utilise pour "famille" quel mot pour "paquet"(ici j'ai en tete paquet dans la theorie des quanta)et "groupe". Et est-ce que le mot "eleko" convient pour le mot "periode" pour traduire "tableau periodique" en "etánda lya bileko"?? qu'en penses-tu? == kemi == salut moyogo comment tu vas? j'aimerais bien me procurer le dictionnaire mais malhereusement de ce cote c'est assez difficile. je voudrais commencer l'edition des composes chimiques et de leur nomenclature, est-ce que je peux trouver cela dans le dictionnaire? [[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] == kemi == merci pour tout. j'essayerai d'editer selon cette forme ou bien j'essayerai de changer un peu , ca risque de prendre un peu de temps... je fairais signe quand ce sera pret et vous pourrez toujours verifier et corriger au cas ou. == Trust in Wikipedia == this is [http://hku.hk/cathyma Cathy] from Hong Kong working on a research about trust on Wikipedia. I wonder if you would kindly contact me at researchingmedia@gmail.com? I'd like to chat with you about Wikipedia of your language. Would you kindly drop me your email or IM (Skype, MSN, AIM or ICQ)? It wouldn't take more than ten minutes, but it would help enormously for us to understand the overall trust-based social landscape of Wikipedia. Thank you! == kemi == salut. gspr que tt va bien chez toi. j'ai maintenant mes vacances et je crois que j'aurais plus de temps pour editer. j'ai fais quelque chose encore. tu peux verifier. Etanda ya bileko : H, N, O, C, tu pourras verifier et apportez des modifications quand tu en aurras le tems. fait moi signe si tu trouve des mots techniques. et je voudrais aussi demander si tu as des mot pour : energie, force et puissance. ce sont des mots en lingala tres proches..... merci encore et a la prochaine [[User:Ivo3|Ivo3]] :Difficile à traduire... le dictionnaire Kawata donne : :* bokási (14/6) makási : Likambo tǒ elɔ́kɔ eye ezali na nguyá mpé ekokí kobóngola botámboli ya elɔ́kɔ nyɔ́nsɔ tǒ kobébisa ezalela wa yě. Nguyá na mosálá mpé na mayɛ́lɛ. Bokási na bolingo. Bokási ya kokúmba elɔ́kɔ. O mekániki wa Newton (N), batéyáká éte sɔ́kí makási mayíké masálémi, mpé mazalí o na esíká mɔ̌kɔ́ ya kopika, bokási boye bokobima tǒ nkabo, bokopɛ́sama o botángi, babéngi « vectoriel ». Sɔ́ki esíká ya kopika ya bokási etámbólí, ekopɛ́sa mosálá. Bokási bwa lotilíki, bwa mobáli. ''Edingwé azalakí na bokási bwa nzóto.'' [ Énergie, force, puissance, virilité ] :* bokóti (14) : Bokási. Nguyá. Bokási ya lotikilíki. Nguyá ya Nzámbe. ''Alakisí bokóti bwa yě o mǐso mya bato !'' [ énergie, force, vigueur ] :* loyókya (11/6) mayókya : Kéba. Ngɛlɛ́ : kosála kéba. Kotála bipái na bipái. Kokébisa. Kofungola mǐso na matɔ́i. Kosála ekɛ́ngɛ. [ attention, force, prudence, perspicacité ] :*nguyá (9/10) : Bokási, bokoki. Esengélí moto azala na yangó mpó asála elɔ́kɔ eye yě alingí tǒ batíndí yě. Na nguyá ya Nzámbe. Na nguyá ya mokonzi : sɔ́kí Nzámbe alingí, sɔ́kí mokonzi alingí. Sɔ́kí moto alingí na nguyá wa yě, akokí kotómbola ngómbá. Bokási tǒ makási maye makotínda moto asála elɔ́kɔ. Nguyá ya lotilíki, ya bwěmbé mpé bwěta. [ volonté, puissance, force ] :On pourrait donc utiliser bokási, makási, bokóti, nguyá interchangeablement. Il faut donc s'accorder sur un usage. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 12:26, 12 yuli 2006 (UTC) == lokóta / lokótá == Salut Moyogo Il y a ton article nouveau [[lokóta]] et un autre existant [[lokótá]]. * dans les articles de pays on trouve dans la forme du pluriel parfois ''nkóta'', parfois ''nkótá'' * ''Lokóta ya Leta'' est redirecté vers [[Lokótá ya Lɛ́ta]] * Category:Ndámbo ya ''lokóta'' ya Nizer-Kongo * [[Template:Nk-ndámbo-lokótá]] C'est pourqoui j'ais verifié à midi dans la bibliothèque municipale: * Edema ne connaît que '''lokótá''' * de même Dzokanga * Akowuah écrit ''lokota'', mais il n'utilise que ASCII et ne met pas d'accents Pourrait-on réunir les deux articles et unifier l'orthographe? Êtant absent poour 4 jours je le ferais volontier début de la semaine prochaine, mais pas sans «accord» de notre spécialiste d'orthographe. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:13, 13 yuli 2006 (UTC) :Merci pour la correction :-) C'est une erreur de frappe dans le Kawata sur la ligne lokóta (11/10) [-kóta] [nkótá] ... que je copie sans réfléchir. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo Peux-tu vérifier les changements suivants dès ton retour: [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] Pour le reste, tout va bien ici.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:39, 7 ogusiti 2006 (UTC) == Orthographie == Salut Moyogo J'ai reçu quelques articles en orthographie laxe (sur papier). J'ai mis en ligne celui de pâques ([[Pake]]). Visiblement c'est une orthographie laxe avec accents, mais sans ɛ et ɔ. Selon l'indication Elembo ´ elakisi matisa mongongo Elembo ` elakisi komatisa mongongo té peux-je transformer selon la règle ɛ -> é ɔ -> o o -> ó ou est-ce (probablement) trop simple? S'il y a une règle, je l'appliquera volontier. Sinon le pauvre gars qui corrigera un jour ici l'orthographie aura encore plus de travail - ou bien, ton project de vérificateur d'orthographe est déjà bien avancé et bientôt prêt? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:21, 24 oktobele 2006 (UTC) :Salut Bombo,<br/>Pour l'instant c'est sans doute plus simple de garder le texte avec l'orthographe ''populaire''. On peut toujours réécrire avec l'orthographe académique plus tard. J'ai encore pas mal de chose à faire pour le correcteur d'orthographe. Mais je vais essayer de travailler plus dessus. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 23:38, 9 novembere 2006 (UTC) == Lingala Wiktionary == Mbote, Moyogo! Ozi congolais ya koyeba! Greetings from an American who has lived in the DR Congo. I was wondering if you know anything about www.ln.wiktionary.org. I checked it out tonight and it's worse than pamba. I need it because my Lingala/Bangala is very mabé. Another thing: Do you know if anyone is adding redirects in Lingala Wikipedia for words spelled without diacritical marks/phonetic symbols? I was surprised to find "Eropa" (Europe) as a word. I always thought it was "Poto" and searched for it - elókó tê. So I thought maybe if I typed "P - (upside-down c) - T - (upside-down c), I would find it, but of course, I didn't have a clue how to type that! If you could help me learn how to add redirects, nakosala yango. Melesi! [[User:DBlomgren|DBlomgren]] 05:38, 8 novembere 2006 (UTC) :Mbote DBlomgren. <br/> [[Eropa]] is a borrowed word for Europe, whereas [[Mpótó]], which comes from the word Portugal, means many things. It generally means Europe, but it can also means America to a much lesser degree, or sometimes the Western world (Europe+America). However, it can be said that Mpótó usually does mean Europe. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 23:43, 9 novembere 2006 (UTC) 9686 2006-11-09T23:46:32Z Moyogo 11 /* Lingala Wiktionary */ Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:16, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Hey Moyogo, Sur la page du Kongo. Sur quelle base tu as change le nom en Ekolo Nsomi Kongo, ce qui signifie "Etat Independant/Libre du Congo" ? Est ce le nom officiel a ce jour? La raison pour laquelle j'avais mis "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki", c'est par manque de traduction literalle. Mais "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki" n'est pas du Kikongo non plus. Merci pour l'aide en general. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] Merci Moyogo pour cette reponse incroyablement rapide!!! :) Et merci de m'apprendre qu'il existe une source aussi detaille de termes politiques dont je n'etait pas au courant!!!! je suis tellement content de pouvoir avoir ce document pourma Grand-mere, mais aussi pour pouvoir mettre en place d'autres pages de pays, ainsi qu'ameliorer la page de politique du Kongo et des autres. Maintenant, il y a des pages que j'avais faites basees sur le fait que "Republiki ya Kongo Demokratika" etait le nom officiel en lingala. Comment le changer? Et secundo, puis-je mettre la Constitution en lingala ici? Merci Ali. == De Rien! == :You're welcome; I don't know Lingala and only little French, but I'll do what I can to help clean up... If I ever do something inappropriate, please don't hesitate to reverse me...! I just noticed that there was a lot of clutter in the mainspace... The main method I am using is to go down the list at [[Special:Shortpages]], article by article, and see if anything needs to be done... I'm almost finished now... Regards, [[User:Blockinblox|Blockinblox]] 18:06, 5 novembere 2005 (UTC) == (clean) == Bonjour Moyogo Je m'excuse de ne pas avoir "nettoyé" les divers pages qui ont été modifié cette nuit. Je les ais regardé vers 11 heures, donc 40 minutes avant toi, mais ils étaient vide! C'est seulement maintenant, dans l'hisotique en comparaisant que je découvre tout ces liens.... --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:57, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) : :) ouais je ne comprennais pas pourquoi elles étaient vides, après la troisième j'ai regardé le contenu de plus près. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 09:58, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) == salut == salut a toi Moyogo. j'ai vu les modiffications que tu as apportees e tje t'en remercie. j'ai arrete l'edition mais je compte y revenir aussi vite que possible. merci pour l'aide a toi et a Bombo. [[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] == masi == merci pour cette remarque. j'aimerais bien avpir un tel dico mais malheureusement je ne sais pas comment. il pourrait beaucoup m'aider. libota, mopiko, liboke, merci. nous allons devoir (si ce n'est deja pas fait) bien determiner que signifie quoi. cad quelle mot est utilise pour "famille" quel mot pour "paquet"(ici j'ai en tete paquet dans la theorie des quanta)et "groupe". Et est-ce que le mot "eleko" convient pour le mot "periode" pour traduire "tableau periodique" en "etánda lya bileko"?? qu'en penses-tu? == kemi == salut moyogo comment tu vas? j'aimerais bien me procurer le dictionnaire mais malhereusement de ce cote c'est assez difficile. je voudrais commencer l'edition des composes chimiques et de leur nomenclature, est-ce que je peux trouver cela dans le dictionnaire? [[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] == kemi == merci pour tout. j'essayerai d'editer selon cette forme ou bien j'essayerai de changer un peu , ca risque de prendre un peu de temps... je fairais signe quand ce sera pret et vous pourrez toujours verifier et corriger au cas ou. == Trust in Wikipedia == this is [http://hku.hk/cathyma Cathy] from Hong Kong working on a research about trust on Wikipedia. I wonder if you would kindly contact me at researchingmedia@gmail.com? I'd like to chat with you about Wikipedia of your language. Would you kindly drop me your email or IM (Skype, MSN, AIM or ICQ)? It wouldn't take more than ten minutes, but it would help enormously for us to understand the overall trust-based social landscape of Wikipedia. Thank you! == kemi == salut. gspr que tt va bien chez toi. j'ai maintenant mes vacances et je crois que j'aurais plus de temps pour editer. j'ai fais quelque chose encore. tu peux verifier. Etanda ya bileko : H, N, O, C, tu pourras verifier et apportez des modifications quand tu en aurras le tems. fait moi signe si tu trouve des mots techniques. et je voudrais aussi demander si tu as des mot pour : energie, force et puissance. ce sont des mots en lingala tres proches..... merci encore et a la prochaine [[User:Ivo3|Ivo3]] :Difficile à traduire... le dictionnaire Kawata donne : :* bokási (14/6) makási : Likambo tǒ elɔ́kɔ eye ezali na nguyá mpé ekokí kobóngola botámboli ya elɔ́kɔ nyɔ́nsɔ tǒ kobébisa ezalela wa yě. Nguyá na mosálá mpé na mayɛ́lɛ. Bokási na bolingo. Bokási ya kokúmba elɔ́kɔ. O mekániki wa Newton (N), batéyáká éte sɔ́kí makási mayíké masálémi, mpé mazalí o na esíká mɔ̌kɔ́ ya kopika, bokási boye bokobima tǒ nkabo, bokopɛ́sama o botángi, babéngi « vectoriel ». Sɔ́ki esíká ya kopika ya bokási etámbólí, ekopɛ́sa mosálá. Bokási bwa lotilíki, bwa mobáli. ''Edingwé azalakí na bokási bwa nzóto.'' [ Énergie, force, puissance, virilité ] :* bokóti (14) : Bokási. Nguyá. Bokási ya lotikilíki. Nguyá ya Nzámbe. ''Alakisí bokóti bwa yě o mǐso mya bato !'' [ énergie, force, vigueur ] :* loyókya (11/6) mayókya : Kéba. Ngɛlɛ́ : kosála kéba. Kotála bipái na bipái. Kokébisa. Kofungola mǐso na matɔ́i. Kosála ekɛ́ngɛ. [ attention, force, prudence, perspicacité ] :*nguyá (9/10) : Bokási, bokoki. Esengélí moto azala na yangó mpó asála elɔ́kɔ eye yě alingí tǒ batíndí yě. Na nguyá ya Nzámbe. Na nguyá ya mokonzi : sɔ́kí Nzámbe alingí, sɔ́kí mokonzi alingí. Sɔ́kí moto alingí na nguyá wa yě, akokí kotómbola ngómbá. Bokási tǒ makási maye makotínda moto asála elɔ́kɔ. Nguyá ya lotilíki, ya bwěmbé mpé bwěta. [ volonté, puissance, force ] :On pourrait donc utiliser bokási, makási, bokóti, nguyá interchangeablement. Il faut donc s'accorder sur un usage. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 12:26, 12 yuli 2006 (UTC) == lokóta / lokótá == Salut Moyogo Il y a ton article nouveau [[lokóta]] et un autre existant [[lokótá]]. * dans les articles de pays on trouve dans la forme du pluriel parfois ''nkóta'', parfois ''nkótá'' * ''Lokóta ya Leta'' est redirecté vers [[Lokótá ya Lɛ́ta]] * Category:Ndámbo ya ''lokóta'' ya Nizer-Kongo * [[Template:Nk-ndámbo-lokótá]] C'est pourqoui j'ais verifié à midi dans la bibliothèque municipale: * Edema ne connaît que '''lokótá''' * de même Dzokanga * Akowuah écrit ''lokota'', mais il n'utilise que ASCII et ne met pas d'accents Pourrait-on réunir les deux articles et unifier l'orthographe? Êtant absent poour 4 jours je le ferais volontier début de la semaine prochaine, mais pas sans «accord» de notre spécialiste d'orthographe. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:13, 13 yuli 2006 (UTC) :Merci pour la correction :-) C'est une erreur de frappe dans le Kawata sur la ligne lokóta (11/10) [-kóta] [nkótá] ... que je copie sans réfléchir. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo Peux-tu vérifier les changements suivants dès ton retour: [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] Pour le reste, tout va bien ici.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:39, 7 ogusiti 2006 (UTC) == Orthographie == Salut Moyogo J'ai reçu quelques articles en orthographie laxe (sur papier). J'ai mis en ligne celui de pâques ([[Pake]]). Visiblement c'est une orthographie laxe avec accents, mais sans ɛ et ɔ. Selon l'indication Elembo ´ elakisi matisa mongongo Elembo ` elakisi komatisa mongongo té peux-je transformer selon la règle ɛ -> é ɔ -> o o -> ó ou est-ce (probablement) trop simple? S'il y a une règle, je l'appliquera volontier. Sinon le pauvre gars qui corrigera un jour ici l'orthographie aura encore plus de travail - ou bien, ton project de vérificateur d'orthographe est déjà bien avancé et bientôt prêt? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:21, 24 oktobele 2006 (UTC) :Salut Bombo,<br/>Pour l'instant c'est sans doute plus simple de garder le texte avec l'orthographe ''populaire''. On peut toujours réécrire avec l'orthographe académique plus tard. J'ai encore pas mal de chose à faire pour le correcteur d'orthographe. Mais je vais essayer de travailler plus dessus. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 23:38, 9 novembere 2006 (UTC) == Lingala Wiktionary == Mbote, Moyogo! Ozi congolais ya koyeba! Greetings from an American who has lived in the DR Congo. I was wondering if you know anything about www.ln.wiktionary.org. I checked it out tonight and it's worse than pamba. I need it because my Lingala/Bangala is very mabé. Another thing: Do you know if anyone is adding redirects in Lingala Wikipedia for words spelled without diacritical marks/phonetic symbols? I was surprised to find "Eropa" (Europe) as a word. I always thought it was "Poto" and searched for it - elókó tê. So I thought maybe if I typed "P - (upside-down c) - T - (upside-down c), I would find it, but of course, I didn't have a clue how to type that! If you could help me learn how to add redirects, nakosala yango. Melesi! [[User:DBlomgren|DBlomgren]] 05:38, 8 novembere 2006 (UTC) :Mbote DBlomgren. <br/> [[Erópa]] is a borrowed word for Europe, whereas [[Mpótó]], which comes from the word Portugal, means many things. It generally means Europe, but it can also means America to a much lesser degree, or sometimes the Western world (Europe+America). However, it can be said that Mpótó usually does mean Europe. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 23:43, 9 novembere 2006 (UTC) 9688 2006-11-09T23:51:33Z Moyogo 11 /* Lingala Wiktionary */ Salut Moyogo, Et merci des corrections, je vais essayer de modifier les langues avec le prefixe li-. Je me posais en fait la question, et je me suis dit que probablement quelqu'un se rendrait compte si c'etait faux, et me corrigerais. C'est mainenant chose faite. Ceci dit, en lingala courant (signifiant bien sur de Kinshasa), le ki- est tres souvent d'usage... et j'ai bien sur l'influence du kikongo qui est ma "langue maternelle" (au sens literal du terme; en realite ma langue du berceau a ete le Francais). Ce que je vais faire c'est laisser la version des langues avec le ki-, mais les faire se rediriger vers la version avec li-, a l'exception des langues congolaises. Je vais aussi ajouter une page de redirection qui dit "Tshiluba", qui est l'orthohgraphe la plus utilisee couramment pour cette langue (influence du Francais oblige), et la rediriger vers "ciluba", qui ici me semble l'orthographe acceptee par tous les wikipediens ici, pour le son "tsh". Autre chose. J'ai vraiment besoin d'aide avec les pays. La liste des "bisé" est loin d'etre complete. J'ai aussi besoin de savoir comment dire "Afrique du Sud" par exemple, ou Cote d'Ivoire (meme si pour ce dernier, le nom officiel n'est pas cense changer, d'ou mon ecriture phonetique du nom "Kotdivuar"). Nord, Sud, Est, Ouest j'ai pour le moment traduit en "Nor", "Sud", "Este", "Weste". Il y' a aussi des concept tres difficile a traduire comme "mutins", "conspirateurs", ou encore "armee" (ma tete me trahit; je ne suis pas sur si c'est "mapinga" ou "mapinzo"), "mpepo" que j'ai vu utilisé comme "avion" et comme "aeroport". J'ai aussi changé "Tata-mokonzi" en "Mokambi-ekolo", car je ne voulais pas que wikipedia en lingala soit sexiste (on essaie d'etre un homme moderne :) ). Mais mokambi-ekolo a plus le sens de "Head of State", plutot que President. Enfin je sais comment dire roi ("ntoma"?), mais je ne sais pas comment dire "royaume" ou "empire". Probleme technique: si je bouge une page, et que je change tous les liens vers cette nouvelle page, comment effacer la premiere page, pour qu'elle n'encombre pas Wikipedia? Merci de l'aide, et du travaill que tu fais. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 18:16, 31 yuli 2005 (UTC) Hey Moyogo, Sur la page du Kongo. Sur quelle base tu as change le nom en Ekolo Nsomi Kongo, ce qui signifie "Etat Independant/Libre du Congo" ? Est ce le nom officiel a ce jour? La raison pour laquelle j'avais mis "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki", c'est par manque de traduction literalle. Mais "Republika ya Kongo Demokratiki" n'est pas du Kikongo non plus. Merci pour l'aide en general. [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] Merci Moyogo pour cette reponse incroyablement rapide!!! :) Et merci de m'apprendre qu'il existe une source aussi detaille de termes politiques dont je n'etait pas au courant!!!! je suis tellement content de pouvoir avoir ce document pourma Grand-mere, mais aussi pour pouvoir mettre en place d'autres pages de pays, ainsi qu'ameliorer la page de politique du Kongo et des autres. Maintenant, il y a des pages que j'avais faites basees sur le fait que "Republiki ya Kongo Demokratika" etait le nom officiel en lingala. Comment le changer? Et secundo, puis-je mettre la Constitution en lingala ici? Merci Ali. == De Rien! == :You're welcome; I don't know Lingala and only little French, but I'll do what I can to help clean up... If I ever do something inappropriate, please don't hesitate to reverse me...! I just noticed that there was a lot of clutter in the mainspace... The main method I am using is to go down the list at [[Special:Shortpages]], article by article, and see if anything needs to be done... I'm almost finished now... Regards, [[User:Blockinblox|Blockinblox]] 18:06, 5 novembere 2005 (UTC) == (clean) == Bonjour Moyogo Je m'excuse de ne pas avoir "nettoyé" les divers pages qui ont été modifié cette nuit. Je les ais regardé vers 11 heures, donc 40 minutes avant toi, mais ils étaient vide! C'est seulement maintenant, dans l'hisotique en comparaisant que je découvre tout ces liens.... --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:57, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) : :) ouais je ne comprennais pas pourquoi elles étaient vides, après la troisième j'ai regardé le contenu de plus près. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 09:58, 14 desembere 2005 (UTC) == salut == salut a toi Moyogo. j'ai vu les modiffications que tu as apportees e tje t'en remercie. j'ai arrete l'edition mais je compte y revenir aussi vite que possible. merci pour l'aide a toi et a Bombo. [[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] == masi == merci pour cette remarque. j'aimerais bien avpir un tel dico mais malheureusement je ne sais pas comment. il pourrait beaucoup m'aider. libota, mopiko, liboke, merci. nous allons devoir (si ce n'est deja pas fait) bien determiner que signifie quoi. cad quelle mot est utilise pour "famille" quel mot pour "paquet"(ici j'ai en tete paquet dans la theorie des quanta)et "groupe". Et est-ce que le mot "eleko" convient pour le mot "periode" pour traduire "tableau periodique" en "etánda lya bileko"?? qu'en penses-tu? == kemi == salut moyogo comment tu vas? j'aimerais bien me procurer le dictionnaire mais malhereusement de ce cote c'est assez difficile. je voudrais commencer l'edition des composes chimiques et de leur nomenclature, est-ce que je peux trouver cela dans le dictionnaire? [[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] == kemi == merci pour tout. j'essayerai d'editer selon cette forme ou bien j'essayerai de changer un peu , ca risque de prendre un peu de temps... je fairais signe quand ce sera pret et vous pourrez toujours verifier et corriger au cas ou. == Trust in Wikipedia == this is [http://hku.hk/cathyma Cathy] from Hong Kong working on a research about trust on Wikipedia. I wonder if you would kindly contact me at researchingmedia@gmail.com? I'd like to chat with you about Wikipedia of your language. Would you kindly drop me your email or IM (Skype, MSN, AIM or ICQ)? It wouldn't take more than ten minutes, but it would help enormously for us to understand the overall trust-based social landscape of Wikipedia. Thank you! == kemi == salut. gspr que tt va bien chez toi. j'ai maintenant mes vacances et je crois que j'aurais plus de temps pour editer. j'ai fais quelque chose encore. tu peux verifier. Etanda ya bileko : H, N, O, C, tu pourras verifier et apportez des modifications quand tu en aurras le tems. fait moi signe si tu trouve des mots techniques. et je voudrais aussi demander si tu as des mot pour : energie, force et puissance. ce sont des mots en lingala tres proches..... merci encore et a la prochaine [[User:Ivo3|Ivo3]] :Difficile à traduire... le dictionnaire Kawata donne : :* bokási (14/6) makási : Likambo tǒ elɔ́kɔ eye ezali na nguyá mpé ekokí kobóngola botámboli ya elɔ́kɔ nyɔ́nsɔ tǒ kobébisa ezalela wa yě. Nguyá na mosálá mpé na mayɛ́lɛ. Bokási na bolingo. Bokási ya kokúmba elɔ́kɔ. O mekániki wa Newton (N), batéyáká éte sɔ́kí makási mayíké masálémi, mpé mazalí o na esíká mɔ̌kɔ́ ya kopika, bokási boye bokobima tǒ nkabo, bokopɛ́sama o botángi, babéngi « vectoriel ». Sɔ́ki esíká ya kopika ya bokási etámbólí, ekopɛ́sa mosálá. Bokási bwa lotilíki, bwa mobáli. ''Edingwé azalakí na bokási bwa nzóto.'' [ Énergie, force, puissance, virilité ] :* bokóti (14) : Bokási. Nguyá. Bokási ya lotikilíki. Nguyá ya Nzámbe. ''Alakisí bokóti bwa yě o mǐso mya bato !'' [ énergie, force, vigueur ] :* loyókya (11/6) mayókya : Kéba. Ngɛlɛ́ : kosála kéba. Kotála bipái na bipái. Kokébisa. Kofungola mǐso na matɔ́i. Kosála ekɛ́ngɛ. [ attention, force, prudence, perspicacité ] :*nguyá (9/10) : Bokási, bokoki. Esengélí moto azala na yangó mpó asála elɔ́kɔ eye yě alingí tǒ batíndí yě. Na nguyá ya Nzámbe. Na nguyá ya mokonzi : sɔ́kí Nzámbe alingí, sɔ́kí mokonzi alingí. Sɔ́kí moto alingí na nguyá wa yě, akokí kotómbola ngómbá. Bokási tǒ makási maye makotínda moto asála elɔ́kɔ. Nguyá ya lotilíki, ya bwěmbé mpé bwěta. [ volonté, puissance, force ] :On pourrait donc utiliser bokási, makási, bokóti, nguyá interchangeablement. Il faut donc s'accorder sur un usage. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 12:26, 12 yuli 2006 (UTC) == lokóta / lokótá == Salut Moyogo Il y a ton article nouveau [[lokóta]] et un autre existant [[lokótá]]. * dans les articles de pays on trouve dans la forme du pluriel parfois ''nkóta'', parfois ''nkótá'' * ''Lokóta ya Leta'' est redirecté vers [[Lokótá ya Lɛ́ta]] * Category:Ndámbo ya ''lokóta'' ya Nizer-Kongo * [[Template:Nk-ndámbo-lokótá]] C'est pourqoui j'ais verifié à midi dans la bibliothèque municipale: * Edema ne connaît que '''lokótá''' * de même Dzokanga * Akowuah écrit ''lokota'', mais il n'utilise que ASCII et ne met pas d'accents Pourrait-on réunir les deux articles et unifier l'orthographe? Êtant absent poour 4 jours je le ferais volontier début de la semaine prochaine, mais pas sans «accord» de notre spécialiste d'orthographe. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:13, 13 yuli 2006 (UTC) :Merci pour la correction :-) C'est une erreur de frappe dans le Kawata sur la ligne lokóta (11/10) [-kóta] [nkótá] ... que je copie sans réfléchir. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] Salut Moyogo Peux-tu vérifier les changements suivants dès ton retour: [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] Pour le reste, tout va bien ici.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:39, 7 ogusiti 2006 (UTC) == Orthographie == Salut Moyogo J'ai reçu quelques articles en orthographie laxe (sur papier). J'ai mis en ligne celui de pâques ([[Pake]]). Visiblement c'est une orthographie laxe avec accents, mais sans ɛ et ɔ. Selon l'indication Elembo ´ elakisi matisa mongongo Elembo ` elakisi komatisa mongongo té peux-je transformer selon la règle ɛ -> é ɔ -> o o -> ó ou est-ce (probablement) trop simple? S'il y a une règle, je l'appliquera volontier. Sinon le pauvre gars qui corrigera un jour ici l'orthographie aura encore plus de travail - ou bien, ton project de vérificateur d'orthographe est déjà bien avancé et bientôt prêt? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:21, 24 oktobele 2006 (UTC) :Salut Bombo,<br/>Pour l'instant c'est sans doute plus simple de garder le texte avec l'orthographe ''populaire''. On peut toujours réécrire avec l'orthographe académique plus tard. J'ai encore pas mal de chose à faire pour le correcteur d'orthographe. Mais je vais essayer de travailler plus dessus. --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 23:38, 9 novembere 2006 (UTC) == Lingala Wiktionary == Mbote, Moyogo! Ozi congolais ya koyeba! Greetings from an American who has lived in the DR Congo. I was wondering if you know anything about www.ln.wiktionary.org. I checked it out tonight and it's worse than pamba. I need it because my Lingala/Bangala is very mabé. Another thing: Do you know if anyone is adding redirects in Lingala Wikipedia for words spelled without diacritical marks/phonetic symbols? I was surprised to find "Eropa" (Europe) as a word. I always thought it was "Poto" and searched for it - elókó tê. So I thought maybe if I typed "P - (upside-down c) - T - (upside-down c), I would find it, but of course, I didn't have a clue how to type that! If you could help me learn how to add redirects, nakosala yango. Melesi! [[User:DBlomgren|DBlomgren]] 05:38, 8 novembere 2006 (UTC) :Mbote DBlomgren. <br/> [[Erópa]] is a borrowed word for Europe, whereas [[Mpótó]], which comes from the word Portugal, means many things. It generally means Europe, but it can also means America to a much lesser degree, or sometimes the Western world (Europe+America). However, it can be said that Mpótó usually does mean Europe. Oh, and about the wiktionary, there is no active use there. There are some lingala words on the French wiktionary: [http://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:lingala] and other sites have a good deal of vocabulary or lessons: [http://perso.orange.fr/pascal.grouselle/] and [http://www.kasaflo.jexiste.be/lingala/lingala.htm] --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 23:43, 9 novembere 2006 (UTC) Category:Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa 1748 5917 2005-07-31T19:43:45Z Themalau 22 Bituka ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] 7000 2005-11-24T11:11:23Z 160.85.2.50 [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa Bituka ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa 1749 5918 2005-07-31T19:45:19Z Themalau 22 Biloko ya ndenge mɔkɔ:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa 5919 2005-07-31T19:46:02Z Themalau 22 Bikakoli oyomatali [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] 7001 2005-11-24T11:13:09Z 160.85.2.50 Category Bikakoli oyomatali [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] 7393 2005-12-19T13:04:19Z 157.164.136.71 +fr Bikakoli oyomatali [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[fr:Catégorie:République démocratique du Congo]] 8506 2006-07-01T18:05:49Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: ar, bg, bs, ca, cs, de, en, eo, es, fa, fi, gl, he, id, io, it, ja, kg, ko, lt, na, nl, nn, no, pl, pt, ro, ru, sl, sr, sv, tr, wa, zh Bikakoli oyomatali [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[ar:تصنيف:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[bg:Категория:Демократична република Конго]] [[bs:Kategorija:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ca:Categoria:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Kategorie:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[de:Kategorie:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kategorio:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:Categoría:República Democrática del Congo]] [[fa:رده:جمهوری دموکراتیک کنگو]] [[fi:Luokka:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:Catégorie:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:Category:República Democrática do Congo]] [[he:קטגוריה:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[id:Kategori:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Category:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[it:Categoria:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:Category:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[kg:Category:Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratiki]] [[ko:분류:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[lt:Kategorija:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[na:Category:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nl:Categorie:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kategori:Kongo]] [[no:Kategori:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[pl:Kategoria:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:Categoria:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ro:Categorie:Republica Democrată Congo]] [[ru:Категория:Демократическая Республика Конго]] [[sl:Kategorija:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sr:Категорија:Демократска Република Конго]] [[sv:Kategori:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[tr:Kategori:Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti]] [[wa:Categoreye:Congo (Kinshasa)]] [[zh:Category:剛果民主共和國]] 8985 2006-08-01T14:32:12Z Saforrest 80 flag / drapeau / fhane [[Image:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg|right|100px|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] Bikakoli oyomatali [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[ar:تصنيف:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[bg:Категория:Демократична република Конго]] [[bs:Kategorija:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ca:Categoria:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Kategorie:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[de:Kategorie:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kategorio:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:Categoría:República Democrática del Congo]] [[fa:رده:جمهوری دموکراتیک کنگو]] [[fi:Luokka:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:Catégorie:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:Category:República Democrática do Congo]] [[he:קטגוריה:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[id:Kategori:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Category:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[it:Categoria:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:Category:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[kg:Category:Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratiki]] [[ko:분류:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[lt:Kategorija:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[na:Category:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nl:Categorie:Democratische Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kategori:Kongo]] [[no:Kategori:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[pl:Kategoria:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:Categoria:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ro:Categorie:Republica Democrată Congo]] [[ru:Категория:Демократическая Республика Конго]] [[sl:Kategorija:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sr:Категорија:Демократска Република Конго]] [[sv:Kategori:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[tr:Kategori:Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti]] [[wa:Categoreye:Congo (Kinshasa)]] [[zh:Category:剛果民主共和國]] 9437 2006-10-09T04:58:52Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: da, eu, hu, sw Modifie: nl [[Image:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg|right|100px|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] Bikakoli oyomatali [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[ar:تصنيف:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[bg:Категория:Демократична република Конго]] [[bs:Kategorija:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ca:Categoria:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Kategorie:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Kategori:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Kategorie:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kategorio:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:Categoría:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eu:Kategoria:Kongoko Errepublika Demokratikoa]] [[fa:رده:جمهوری دموکراتیک کنگو]] [[fi:Luokka:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:Catégorie:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:Category:República Democrática do Congo]] [[he:קטגוריה:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hu:Kategória:Kongói Demokratikus Köztársaság]] [[id:Kategori:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Category:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[it:Categoria:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:Category:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[kg:Category:Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratiki]] [[ko:분류:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[lt:Kategorija:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[na:Category:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nl:Categorie:Congo-Kinshasa]] [[nn:Kategori:Kongo]] [[no:Kategori:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[pl:Kategoria:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:Categoria:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ro:Categorie:Republica Democrată Congo]] [[ru:Категория:Демократическая Республика Конго]] [[sl:Kategorija:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sr:Категорија:Демократска Република Конго]] [[sv:Kategori:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[sw:Category:Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[tr:Kategori:Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti]] [[wa:Categoreye:Congo (Kinshasa)]] [[zh:Category:剛果民主共和國]] 9637 2006-10-28T01:39:59Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[lv:Kategorija:Kongo Demokrātiskā Republika]] [[Image:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg|right|100px|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] Bikakoli oyomatali [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[ar:تصنيف:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[bg:Категория:Демократична република Конго]] [[bs:Kategorija:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ca:Categoria:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Kategorie:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Kategori:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Kategorie:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kategorio:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:Categoría:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eu:Kategoria:Kongoko Errepublika Demokratikoa]] [[fa:رده:جمهوری دموکراتیک کنگو]] [[fi:Luokka:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:Catégorie:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:Category:República Democrática do Congo]] [[he:קטגוריה:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hu:Kategória:Kongói Demokratikus Köztársaság]] [[id:Kategori:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Category:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[it:Categoria:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:Category:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[kg:Category:Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratiki]] [[ko:분류:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[lt:Kategorija:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kategorija:Kongo Demokrātiskā Republika]] [[na:Category:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nl:Categorie:Congo-Kinshasa]] [[nn:Kategori:Kongo]] [[no:Kategori:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[pl:Kategoria:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:Categoria:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ro:Categorie:Republica Democrată Congo]] [[ru:Категория:Демократическая Республика Конго]] [[sl:Kategorija:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sr:Категорија:Демократска Република Конго]] [[sv:Kategori:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[sw:Category:Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[tr:Kategori:Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti]] [[wa:Categoreye:Congo (Kinshasa)]] [[zh:Category:剛果民主共和國]] 9877 2006-11-25T20:13:40Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[simple:Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[sk:Kategória:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[Image:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg|right|100px|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] Bikakoli oyomatali [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[ar:تصنيف:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[bg:Категория:Демократична република Конго]] [[bs:Kategorija:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ca:Categoria:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Kategorie:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Kategori:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Kategorie:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kategorio:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:Categoría:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eu:Kategoria:Kongoko Errepublika Demokratikoa]] [[fa:رده:جمهوری دموکراتیک کنگو]] [[fi:Luokka:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:Catégorie:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:Category:República Democrática do Congo]] [[he:קטגוריה:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hu:Kategória:Kongói Demokratikus Köztársaság]] [[id:Kategori:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Category:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[it:Categoria:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:Category:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[kg:Category:Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratiki]] [[ko:분류:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[lt:Kategorija:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kategorija:Kongo Demokrātiskā Republika]] [[na:Category:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nl:Categorie:Congo-Kinshasa]] [[nn:Kategori:Kongo]] [[no:Kategori:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[pl:Kategoria:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:Categoria:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ro:Categorie:Republica Democrată Congo]] [[ru:Категория:Демократическая Республика Конго]] [[simple:Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[sk:Kategória:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Kategorija:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sr:Категорија:Демократска Република Конго]] [[sv:Kategori:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[sw:Category:Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[tr:Kategori:Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti]] [[wa:Categoreye:Congo (Kinshasa)]] [[zh:Category:剛果民主共和國]] 9994 2006-12-19T09:24:43Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[vi:Thể loại:Cộng hòa Dân chủ Congo]] [[Image:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg|right|100px|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] Bikakoli oyomatali [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[ar:تصنيف:جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[bg:Категория:Демократична република Конго]] [[bs:Kategorija:Demokratska Republika Kongo]] [[ca:Categoria:República Democràtica del Congo]] [[cs:Kategorie:Demokratická republika Kongo]] [[da:Kategori:Demokratiske Republik Congo]] [[de:Kategorie:Demokratische Republik Kongo]] [[en:Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kategorio:Kongo Kinŝasa]] [[es:Categoría:República Democrática del Congo]] [[eu:Kategoria:Kongoko Errepublika Demokratikoa]] [[fa:رده:جمهوری دموکراتیک کنگو]] [[fi:Luokka:Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta]] [[fr:Catégorie:République démocratique du Congo]] [[gl:Category:República Democrática do Congo]] [[he:קטגוריה:הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[hu:Kategória:Kongói Demokratikus Köztársaság]] [[id:Kategori:Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[io:Category:Demokratial Republiko Kongo]] [[it:Categoria:Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[ja:Category:コンゴ民主共和国]] [[kg:Category:Repubilika ya Kongo Demokratiki]] [[ko:분류:콩고 민주 공화국]] [[lt:Kategorija:Kongo Demokratinė Respublika]] [[lv:Kategorija:Kongo Demokrātiskā Republika]] [[na:Category:Republik Engame Congo]] [[nl:Categorie:Congo-Kinshasa]] [[nn:Kategori:Kongo]] [[no:Kategori:Den demokratiske republikken Kongo]] [[pl:Kategoria:Demokratyczna Republika Konga]] [[pt:Categoria:República Democrática do Congo]] [[ro:Categorie:Republica Democrată Congo]] [[ru:Категория:Демократическая Республика Конго]] [[simple:Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[sk:Kategória:Kongo (býv. Zair)]] [[sl:Kategorija:Demokratična republika Kongo]] [[sr:Категорија:Демократска Република Конго]] [[sv:Kategori:Demokratiska republiken Kongo]] [[sw:Category:Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[tr:Kategori:Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti]] [[vi:Thể loại:Cộng hòa Dân chủ Congo]] [[wa:Categoreye:Congo (Kinshasa)]] [[zh:Category:剛果民主共和國]] Bandundu (engumba) 1750 5920 2005-07-31T19:48:56Z Themalau 22 Engumba '''Bandundu''' ezali engumba-mokonzi ya etuka [[Bandundu]], okati ya ekolo [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. {{ndambo}} Molongo ya bingumba ya Bas-Congo 1751 5929 2005-07-31T20:46:10Z Themalau 22 Ekakoli molayi : Etuka [[Bas-Congo]] okati ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] * [[Banana]] * [[Banza]] * [[Boko-Kivula]] * [[Boma]] * [[Gombe-Matadi]] * [[Kangu]] * [[Kibunzi]] * [[Kimpangu]] * [[Kimpese]] * [[Kinkonzi]] * [[Kisantu]] * [[Kitona]] * [[Kizu]] * [[Kwilu-Ngongo]] * [[Kwimba]] * [[Lukula]] * [[Luozi]] * [[Matadi]] (capitale provinciale) * [[Mangembo]] * [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] * [[Moanda]] * [[Seke]] * [[Tshela]] * [[Vaku]] * [[Vivi]] ==Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia== * http://www.minisanterdc.cd/inspectiondistrictetzonedesante/bascongo.htm 5930 2005-07-31T20:46:35Z Themalau 22 Ekakoli molayi : Etuka [[Bas-Congo]] okati ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] * [[Banana]] * [[Banza]] * [[Boko-Kivula]] * [[Boma]] * [[Gombe-Matadi]] * [[Kangu]] * [[Kibunzi]] * [[Kimpangu]] * [[Kimpese]] * [[Kinkonzi]] * [[Kisantu]] * [[Kitona]] * [[Kizu]] * [[Kwilu-Ngongo]] * [[Kwimba]] * [[Lukula]] * [[Luozi]] * [[Matadi]] (engumba mokonzi ya etuka) * [[Mangembo]] * [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] * [[Moanda]] * [[Seke]] * [[Tshela]] * [[Vaku]] * [[Vivi]] ==Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia== * http://www.minisanterdc.cd/inspectiondistrictetzonedesante/bascongo.htm 5931 2005-07-31T20:47:11Z Themalau 22 ''Ekakoli molayi : Etuka [[Bas-Congo]] okati ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * [[Banana]] * [[Banza]] * [[Boko-Kivula]] * [[Boma]] * [[Gombe-Matadi]] * [[Kangu]] * [[Kibunzi]] * [[Kimpangu]] * [[Kimpese]] * [[Kinkonzi]] * [[Kisantu]] * [[Kitona]] * [[Kizu]] * [[Kwilu-Ngongo]] * [[Kwimba]] * [[Lukula]] * [[Luozi]] * [[Matadi]] (engumba mokonzi ya etuka) * [[Mangembo]] * [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] * [[Moanda]] * [[Seke]] * [[Tshela]] * [[Vaku]] * [[Vivi]] ==Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia== * http://www.minisanterdc.cd/inspectiondistrictetzonedesante/bascongo.htm 5932 2005-07-31T20:50:24Z Themalau 22 ''Ekakoli molayi : Etuka [[Bas-Congo]] okati ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]'' * [[Banana]] * [[Banza]] * [[Boko-Kivula]] * [[Boma]] * [[Gombe-Matadi]] * [[Kangu]] * [[Kibunzi]] * [[Kimpangu]] * [[Kimpese]] * [[Kinkonzi]] * [[Kisantu]] * [[Kitona]] * [[Kizu]] * [[Kwilu-Ngongo]] * [[Kwimba]] * [[Lukula]] * [[Luozi]] * [[Matadi]] (engumba mokonzi ya etuka) * [[Mangembo]] * [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] * [[Moanda]] * [[Seke]] * [[Tshela]] * [[Vaku]] * [[Vivi]] ==Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia== * http://www.minisanterdc.cd/inspectiondistrictetzonedesante/bascongo.htm {{ndambo}} [[fr:Liste des villes du Bas-Congo]] Matadi 1752 5935 2005-07-31T20:57:18Z Themalau 22 [[Image:Matadi3.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Les banlieues de Matadi sur le versan sud des gorges du Congo]] '''Matadi''' est un port de la [[République Démocratique du Congo]] et la capitale de la province du [[Bas-Congo]]. La ville abrite quelques 235.400 habitants (2004). Matadi est située sur la rive gauche du fleuve [[Congo (fleuve)|Congo]], environ à mi-chemin entre l'[[Océan Atlantique]] et la capitale [[Kinshasa]]. Le port est une véritable porte ouverte vers l'extérieur pour l'entièreté du pays. Les navires de mer y accostent, et permettent l'appovisionnement de [[Kinshasa]] par le [[chemin de fer Matadi-Kinshasa|train]] et la [[route de Matadi|route]]. Un oléoduc assure par ailleurs le transport de produits pétroliers. ==Géographie== [[Image:Matadi.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Les gorges du Congo en amont de Matadi, et les premiers rapides]] Matadi bénéficie d'une localisation particulière : la ville se trouve à l'extrême limite de la zone de navigabilité accessible depuis le port de [[Banana]], sur l'embouchure du fleuve, située à environ 200 kilomètres vers l'ouest. Le confluent du Congo avec la rivière [[M’pozo]] se trouve également en amont de la ville. Le canyon de la rivière est la voie de passage du chemin de fer vers Kinshasa. La ville, étirée à flanc de colline, tire son nom de l'environnement accidenté qui l'accueille, de la proximité des rapides. Matadi signifie en effet ''pierres'' en [[kikongo]]. La frontière avec l'[[Angola]] se situe à quelques kilomètres vers le sud et vers l'aval du fleuve. Un pont haubanné de 722 mètres de long construit en 1983, dénommé Pont Matadi (anciennement Pont Maréchal), relie la ville à la rive droite, permettant l'accès à la ville de [[Boma]] et le barrage hydroélectrique d'[[barrage d'Inga|Inga]]. Il est le plus grand pont mixte rail-route suspendu du monde ([http://geo.ya.com/travelimages/congo-dr2.jpg Photo]). En amont de la ville peut être observé le rocher de [[Diégo Caô]], où le célèbre explorateur portugais sculpta, en [[1482]], la marque du point limite de sa remontée du fleuve. [[Category:Bingumba ya Bas-Congo]] [[en:Matadi]] [[fr:Matadi]] [[he:מאטדי]] [[sv:Matadi]] 5936 2005-07-31T21:06:31Z Themalau 22 [[Image:Matadi3.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Les banlieues de Matadi sur le versan sud des gorges du Congo]] '''Matadi''' est un port de la [[République Démocratique du Congo]] et la capitale de la province du [[Bas-Congo]]. La ville abrite quelques 235.400 habitants (2004). Matadi est située sur la rive gauche du fleuve [[Congo (fleuve)|Congo]], environ à mi-chemin entre l'[[Océan Atlantique]] et la capitale [[Kinshasa]]. Le port est une véritable porte ouverte vers l'extérieur pour l'entièreté du pays. Les navires de mer y accostent, et permettent l'appovisionnement de [[Kinshasa]] par le [[chemin de fer Matadi-Kinshasa|train]] et la [[route de Matadi|route]]. Un oléoduc assure par ailleurs le transport de produits pétroliers. ==Géographie== [[Image:Matadi.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Les gorges du Congo en amont de Matadi, et les premiers rapides]] Matadi bénéficie d'une localisation particulière : la ville se trouve à l'extrême limite de la zone de navigabilité accessible depuis le port de [[Banana]], sur l'embouchure du fleuve, située à environ 200 kilomètres vers l'ouest. Le confluent du Congo avec la rivière [[M’pozo]] se trouve également en amont de la ville. Le canyon de la rivière est la voie de passage du chemin de fer vers Kinshasa. La ville, étirée à flanc de colline, tire son nom de l'environnement accidenté qui l'accueille, de la proximité des rapides. Matadi signifie en effet ''pierres'' en [[kikongo]]. La frontière avec l'[[Angola]] se situe à quelques kilomètres vers le sud et vers l'aval du fleuve. Un pont haubanné de 722 mètres de long construit en 1983, dénommé Pont Matadi (anciennement Pont Maréchal), relie la ville à la rive droite, permettant l'accès à la ville de [[Boma]] et le barrage hydroélectrique d'[[barrage d'Inga|Inga]]. Il est le plus grand pont mixte rail-route suspendu du monde ([http://geo.ya.com/travelimages/congo-dr2.jpg Photo]). En amont de la ville peut être observé le rocher de [[Diégo Caô]], où le célèbre explorateur portugais sculpta, en [[1482]], la marque du point limite de sa remontée du fleuve. [[Category:Bingumba ya Bas-Congo]] [[en:Matadi]] [[es:Matadi]] [[fr:Matadi]] [[he:מאטדי]] [[sv:Matadi]] 5937 2005-07-31T21:08:44Z Themalau 22 [[Image:Matadi3.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Les banlieues de Matadi sur le versan sud des gorges du Congo]] '''Matadi''' est un port de la [[République Démocratique du Congo]] et la capitale de la province du [[Bas-Congo]]. La ville abrite quelques 235.400 habitants (2004). Matadi est située sur la rive gauche du fleuve [[Congo (fleuve)|Congo]], environ à mi-chemin entre l'[[Océan Atlantique]] et la capitale [[Kinshasa]]. Le port est une véritable porte ouverte vers l'extérieur pour l'entièreté du pays. Les navires de mer y accostent, et permettent l'appovisionnement de [[Kinshasa]] par le [[chemin de fer Matadi-Kinshasa|train]] et la [[route de Matadi|route]]. Un oléoduc assure par ailleurs le transport de produits pétroliers. ==Géographie== [[Image:Matadi.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Les gorges du Congo en amont de Matadi, et les premiers rapides]] Matadi bénéficie d'une localisation particulière : la ville se trouve à l'extrême limite de la zone de navigabilité accessible depuis le port de [[Banana]], sur l'embouchure du fleuve, située à environ 200 kilomètres vers l'ouest. Le confluent du Congo avec la rivière [[M’pozo]] se trouve également en amont de la ville. Le canyon de la rivière est la voie de passage du chemin de fer vers Kinshasa. La ville, étirée à flanc de colline, tire son nom de l'environnement accidenté qui l'accueille, de la proximité des rapides. Matadi signifie en effet ''pierres'' en [[kikongo]]. La frontière avec l'[[Angola]] se situe à quelques kilomètres vers le sud et vers l'aval du fleuve. Un pont haubanné de 722 mètres de long construit en 1983, dénommé Pont Matadi (anciennement Pont Maréchal), relie la ville à la rive droite, permettant l'accès à la ville de [[Boma]] et le barrage hydroélectrique d'[[barrage d'Inga|Inga]]. Il est le plus grand pont mixte rail-route suspendu du monde ([http://geo.ya.com/travelimages/congo-dr2.jpg Photo]). En amont de la ville peut être observé le rocher de [[Diégo Caô]], où le célèbre explorateur portugais sculpta, en [[1482]], la marque du point limite de sa remontée du fleuve. [[Category:Bingumba ya Bas-Congo]] [[category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[en:Matadi]] [[es:Matadi]] [[fr:Matadi]] [[he:מאטדי]] [[sv:Matadi]] 6027 2005-08-22T05:26:41Z 84.130.104.48 + de [[Image:Matadi3.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Les banlieues de Matadi sur le versan sud des gorges du Congo]] '''Matadi''' est un port de la [[République Démocratique du Congo]] et la capitale de la province du [[Bas-Congo]]. La ville abrite quelques 235.400 habitants (2004). Matadi est située sur la rive gauche du fleuve [[Congo (fleuve)|Congo]], environ à mi-chemin entre l'[[Océan Atlantique]] et la capitale [[Kinshasa]]. Le port est une véritable porte ouverte vers l'extérieur pour l'entièreté du pays. Les navires de mer y accostent, et permettent l'appovisionnement de [[Kinshasa]] par le [[chemin de fer Matadi-Kinshasa|train]] et la [[route de Matadi|route]]. Un oléoduc assure par ailleurs le transport de produits pétroliers. ==Géographie== [[Image:Matadi.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Les gorges du Congo en amont de Matadi, et les premiers rapides]] Matadi bénéficie d'une localisation particulière : la ville se trouve à l'extrême limite de la zone de navigabilité accessible depuis le port de [[Banana]], sur l'embouchure du fleuve, située à environ 200 kilomètres vers l'ouest. Le confluent du Congo avec la rivière [[M’pozo]] se trouve également en amont de la ville. Le canyon de la rivière est la voie de passage du chemin de fer vers Kinshasa. La ville, étirée à flanc de colline, tire son nom de l'environnement accidenté qui l'accueille, de la proximité des rapides. Matadi signifie en effet ''pierres'' en [[kikongo]]. La frontière avec l'[[Angola]] se situe à quelques kilomètres vers le sud et vers l'aval du fleuve. Un pont haubanné de 722 mètres de long construit en 1983, dénommé Pont Matadi (anciennement Pont Maréchal), relie la ville à la rive droite, permettant l'accès à la ville de [[Boma]] et le barrage hydroélectrique d'[[barrage d'Inga|Inga]]. Il est le plus grand pont mixte rail-route suspendu du monde ([http://geo.ya.com/travelimages/congo-dr2.jpg Photo]). En amont de la ville peut être observé le rocher de [[Diégo Caô]], où le célèbre explorateur portugais sculpta, en [[1482]], la marque du point limite de sa remontée du fleuve. [[Category:Bingumba ya Bas-Congo]] [[category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[de:Matadi]] [[en:Matadi]] [[es:Matadi]] [[fr:Matadi]] [[he:מאטדי]] [[sv:Matadi]] 6755 2005-11-05T18:12:34Z Blockinblox 38 {{lingála tɛ́}} {{lingála tɛ́}} [[Image:Matadi3.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Les banlieues de Matadi sur le versan sud des gorges du Congo]] '''Matadi''' est un port de la [[République Démocratique du Congo]] et la capitale de la province du [[Bas-Congo]]. La ville abrite quelques 235.400 habitants (2004). Matadi est située sur la rive gauche du fleuve [[Congo (fleuve)|Congo]], environ à mi-chemin entre l'[[Océan Atlantique]] et la capitale [[Kinshasa]]. Le port est une véritable porte ouverte vers l'extérieur pour l'entièreté du pays. Les navires de mer y accostent, et permettent l'appovisionnement de [[Kinshasa]] par le [[chemin de fer Matadi-Kinshasa|train]] et la [[route de Matadi|route]]. Un oléoduc assure par ailleurs le transport de produits pétroliers. ==Géographie== [[Image:Matadi.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Les gorges du Congo en amont de Matadi, et les premiers rapides]] Matadi bénéficie d'une localisation particulière : la ville se trouve à l'extrême limite de la zone de navigabilité accessible depuis le port de [[Banana]], sur l'embouchure du fleuve, située à environ 200 kilomètres vers l'ouest. Le confluent du Congo avec la rivière [[M’pozo]] se trouve également en amont de la ville. Le canyon de la rivière est la voie de passage du chemin de fer vers Kinshasa. La ville, étirée à flanc de colline, tire son nom de l'environnement accidenté qui l'accueille, de la proximité des rapides. Matadi signifie en effet ''pierres'' en [[kikongo]]. La frontière avec l'[[Angola]] se situe à quelques kilomètres vers le sud et vers l'aval du fleuve. Un pont haubanné de 722 mètres de long construit en 1983, dénommé Pont Matadi (anciennement Pont Maréchal), relie la ville à la rive droite, permettant l'accès à la ville de [[Boma]] et le barrage hydroélectrique d'[[barrage d'Inga|Inga]]. Il est le plus grand pont mixte rail-route suspendu du monde ([http://geo.ya.com/travelimages/congo-dr2.jpg Photo]). En amont de la ville peut être observé le rocher de [[Diégo Caô]], où le célèbre explorateur portugais sculpta, en [[1482]], la marque du point limite de sa remontée du fleuve. [[Category:Bingumba ya Bas-Congo]] [[category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[de:Matadi]] [[en:Matadi]] [[es:Matadi]] [[fr:Matadi]] [[he:מאטדי]] [[sv:Matadi]] 7935 2006-04-02T18:46:15Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: fi, pl {{lingála tɛ́}} [[Image:Matadi3.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Les banlieues de Matadi sur le versan sud des gorges du Congo]] '''Matadi''' est un port de la [[République Démocratique du Congo]] et la capitale de la province du [[Bas-Congo]]. La ville abrite quelques 235.400 habitants (2004). Matadi est située sur la rive gauche du fleuve [[Congo (fleuve)|Congo]], environ à mi-chemin entre l'[[Océan Atlantique]] et la capitale [[Kinshasa]]. Le port est une véritable porte ouverte vers l'extérieur pour l'entièreté du pays. Les navires de mer y accostent, et permettent l'appovisionnement de [[Kinshasa]] par le [[chemin de fer Matadi-Kinshasa|train]] et la [[route de Matadi|route]]. Un oléoduc assure par ailleurs le transport de produits pétroliers. ==Géographie== [[Image:Matadi.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Les gorges du Congo en amont de Matadi, et les premiers rapides]] Matadi bénéficie d'une localisation particulière : la ville se trouve à l'extrême limite de la zone de navigabilité accessible depuis le port de [[Banana]], sur l'embouchure du fleuve, située à environ 200 kilomètres vers l'ouest. Le confluent du Congo avec la rivière [[M’pozo]] se trouve également en amont de la ville. Le canyon de la rivière est la voie de passage du chemin de fer vers Kinshasa. La ville, étirée à flanc de colline, tire son nom de l'environnement accidenté qui l'accueille, de la proximité des rapides. Matadi signifie en effet ''pierres'' en [[kikongo]]. La frontière avec l'[[Angola]] se situe à quelques kilomètres vers le sud et vers l'aval du fleuve. Un pont haubanné de 722 mètres de long construit en 1983, dénommé Pont Matadi (anciennement Pont Maréchal), relie la ville à la rive droite, permettant l'accès à la ville de [[Boma]] et le barrage hydroélectrique d'[[barrage d'Inga|Inga]]. Il est le plus grand pont mixte rail-route suspendu du monde ([http://geo.ya.com/travelimages/congo-dr2.jpg Photo]). En amont de la ville peut être observé le rocher de [[Diégo Caô]], où le célèbre explorateur portugais sculpta, en [[1482]], la marque du point limite de sa remontée du fleuve. [[Category:Bingumba ya Bas-Congo]] [[category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[de:Matadi]] [[en:Matadi]] [[es:Matadi]] [[fi:Matadi]] [[fr:Matadi]] [[he:מאטדי]] [[pl:Matadi]] [[sv:Matadi]] 8014 2006-04-15T23:44:17Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: ja, kg {{lingála tɛ́}} [[Image:Matadi3.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Les banlieues de Matadi sur le versan sud des gorges du Congo]] '''Matadi''' est un port de la [[République Démocratique du Congo]] et la capitale de la province du [[Bas-Congo]]. La ville abrite quelques 235.400 habitants (2004). Matadi est située sur la rive gauche du fleuve [[Congo (fleuve)|Congo]], environ à mi-chemin entre l'[[Océan Atlantique]] et la capitale [[Kinshasa]]. Le port est une véritable porte ouverte vers l'extérieur pour l'entièreté du pays. Les navires de mer y accostent, et permettent l'appovisionnement de [[Kinshasa]] par le [[chemin de fer Matadi-Kinshasa|train]] et la [[route de Matadi|route]]. Un oléoduc assure par ailleurs le transport de produits pétroliers. ==Géographie== [[Image:Matadi.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Les gorges du Congo en amont de Matadi, et les premiers rapides]] Matadi bénéficie d'une localisation particulière : la ville se trouve à l'extrême limite de la zone de navigabilité accessible depuis le port de [[Banana]], sur l'embouchure du fleuve, située à environ 200 kilomètres vers l'ouest. Le confluent du Congo avec la rivière [[M’pozo]] se trouve également en amont de la ville. Le canyon de la rivière est la voie de passage du chemin de fer vers Kinshasa. La ville, étirée à flanc de colline, tire son nom de l'environnement accidenté qui l'accueille, de la proximité des rapides. Matadi signifie en effet ''pierres'' en [[kikongo]]. La frontière avec l'[[Angola]] se situe à quelques kilomètres vers le sud et vers l'aval du fleuve. Un pont haubanné de 722 mètres de long construit en 1983, dénommé Pont Matadi (anciennement Pont Maréchal), relie la ville à la rive droite, permettant l'accès à la ville de [[Boma]] et le barrage hydroélectrique d'[[barrage d'Inga|Inga]]. Il est le plus grand pont mixte rail-route suspendu du monde ([http://geo.ya.com/travelimages/congo-dr2.jpg Photo]). En amont de la ville peut être observé le rocher de [[Diégo Caô]], où le célèbre explorateur portugais sculpta, en [[1482]], la marque du point limite de sa remontée du fleuve. [[Category:Bingumba ya Bas-Congo]] [[category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[de:Matadi]] [[en:Matadi]] [[es:Matadi]] [[fi:Matadi]] [[fr:Matadi]] [[he:מאטדי]] [[ja:マタディ]] [[kg:Matadi]] [[pl:Matadi]] [[sv:Matadi]] 9037 2006-08-02T06:07:14Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: [[et:Matadi]] {{lingála tɛ́}} [[Image:Matadi3.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Les banlieues de Matadi sur le versan sud des gorges du Congo]] '''Matadi''' est un port de la [[République Démocratique du Congo]] et la capitale de la province du [[Bas-Congo]]. La ville abrite quelques 235.400 habitants (2004). Matadi est située sur la rive gauche du fleuve [[Congo (fleuve)|Congo]], environ à mi-chemin entre l'[[Océan Atlantique]] et la capitale [[Kinshasa]]. Le port est une véritable porte ouverte vers l'extérieur pour l'entièreté du pays. Les navires de mer y accostent, et permettent l'appovisionnement de [[Kinshasa]] par le [[chemin de fer Matadi-Kinshasa|train]] et la [[route de Matadi|route]]. Un oléoduc assure par ailleurs le transport de produits pétroliers. ==Géographie== [[Image:Matadi.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Les gorges du Congo en amont de Matadi, et les premiers rapides]] Matadi bénéficie d'une localisation particulière : la ville se trouve à l'extrême limite de la zone de navigabilité accessible depuis le port de [[Banana]], sur l'embouchure du fleuve, située à environ 200 kilomètres vers l'ouest. Le confluent du Congo avec la rivière [[M’pozo]] se trouve également en amont de la ville. Le canyon de la rivière est la voie de passage du chemin de fer vers Kinshasa. La ville, étirée à flanc de colline, tire son nom de l'environnement accidenté qui l'accueille, de la proximité des rapides. Matadi signifie en effet ''pierres'' en [[kikongo]]. La frontière avec l'[[Angola]] se situe à quelques kilomètres vers le sud et vers l'aval du fleuve. Un pont haubanné de 722 mètres de long construit en 1983, dénommé Pont Matadi (anciennement Pont Maréchal), relie la ville à la rive droite, permettant l'accès à la ville de [[Boma]] et le barrage hydroélectrique d'[[barrage d'Inga|Inga]]. Il est le plus grand pont mixte rail-route suspendu du monde ([http://geo.ya.com/travelimages/congo-dr2.jpg Photo]). En amont de la ville peut être observé le rocher de [[Diégo Caô]], où le célèbre explorateur portugais sculpta, en [[1482]], la marque du point limite de sa remontée du fleuve. [[Category:Bingumba ya Bas-Congo]] [[category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[de:Matadi]] [[en:Matadi]] [[es:Matadi]] [[et:Matadi]] [[fi:Matadi]] [[fr:Matadi]] [[he:מאטדי]] [[ja:マタディ]] [[kg:Matadi]] [[pl:Matadi]] [[sv:Matadi]] Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa 1753 5944 2005-07-31T23:50:43Z Moyogo 11 Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa moved to Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa: ortho #redirect [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] Lingɛlɛsa 1755 5947 2005-08-01T19:16:09Z Themalau 22 Lingɛlɛsa moved to Lingɛlɛsi #redirect [[Lingɛlɛsi]] 8696 2006-07-01T20:01:11Z Bombo 12 Lingɛlɛ́sa #redirect [[Lingɛlɛ́sa]] Kimoyuda 1756 5951 2005-08-01T20:06:55Z Moyogo 11 Kimoyuda moved to Boyúda: en lingala classique #redirect [[Boyúda]] Template:Kimoyuda 1757 5953 2005-08-01T20:08:02Z Moyogo 11 Template:Kimoyuda moved to Template:Boyúda: ln classique #redirect [[Template:Boyúda]] Kimokristo 1758 5961 2005-08-01T20:18:13Z Moyogo 11 Kimokristo moved to Boklísto: ln classique #redirect [[Boklísto]] Talk:Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ 1759 5967 2005-08-01T20:27:18Z Moyogo 11 == Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ != Royaumes-Unis == Attention, les Royaumes-Unis ne sont pas la même chose que l'Angleterre.---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 20:27, 1 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) 6326 2005-09-27T12:57:22Z Moyogo 11 /* Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ != Royaumes-Unis */ == Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ != Royaumes-Unis == Attention, les Royaumes-Unis ne sont pas la même chose que l'Angleterre.---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 20:27, 1 ogusiti 2005 (UTC) :Je vais essayer de voir comment traduire « Royaume-Unis de Grande Bretagne ». Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ devrait seulement être Angleterre, l'erreur est la même dans beaucoup de langue.---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 12:57, 27 septembere 2005 (UTC) Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Mbɔ́tɛ 1760 5968 2005-08-01T20:44:25Z Moyogo 11 message de bienvenue == Mbɔ́tɛ! == Boyéi bolámu na ebandélí ya wikipedia, búku ya libóso ya [[lingála]] sɔ́kí bolobaka lingála mpe sɔ́kí bokanísí ete búku ya lingála ekozala malámu, bokɛndɛ́ na [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libóso|Kotámbola ya libóso]]. Bienvenu sur les débuts de [http://fr.Wikipedia.org Wikipédia], la première Encylopédie en '''[[lingala]]'''. Si vous le parlez, et vous pensez qu'une encyclopédie lingála serait une bonne chose, allez vous à <b> [[meta:How to start a new Wikipedia]] <div style="font-size:14pt;">Informations</div> Jusqu'à aujourd'hui, il y a '''[[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} articles]]''' en lingála dans Wikipédia. *[[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libóso|Kotámbola ya libóso ''Comment débuter?'' ]] *[[Special:Userlogin|Kokɔ́tɔ (log in)]] <br /> '''Vous parlez le lingala? N'hésitez pas, cliquez sur ''kobalusa'' et traduisez ces quelques phrases en français!''' </div> 5988 2005-08-11T15:09:35Z 81.134.8.164 /* Mbɔ́tɛ! */ == Mbɔ́tɛ! == Boyéi bolámu na ebandélí ya wikipedia, búku ya libóso ya [[lingála]] sɔ́kí bolobaka lingála mpe sɔ́kí bokanísí ete búku ya lingála ekozala malámu, bokɛndɛ́ na [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libóso|Kotámbola ya libóso]]. Bienvenu sur les débuts de [http://fr.Wikipedia.org Wikipédia], la première Encylopédie en '''[[lingala]]'''. Si vous le parlez, et vous pensez qu'une encyclopédie lingála serait une bonne chose, allez vous à <b> [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libóso|Kotámbola ya libóso ''Comment débuter?'' ]] <div style="font-size:14pt;">Informations</div> Jusqu'à aujourd'hui, il y a '''[[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} articles]]''' en lingála dans Wikipédia. *[[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libóso|Kotámbola ya libóso ''Comment débuter?'' ]] *[[Special:Userlogin|Kokɔ́tɔ (log in)]] <br /> '''Vous parlez le lingala? N'hésitez pas, cliquez sur ''kobalusa'' et traduisez ces quelques phrases en français!''' </div> 6265 2005-09-18T11:11:48Z Moyogo 11 /* Mbɔ́tɛ! */ == Mbɔ́tɛ! == Boyéí bolámu na ebandélí ya wikipedia, búku ya libóso ya [[lingála]] sɔ́kí bolobaka lingála mpe sɔ́kí bokanísí éte búku ya lingála ekozala malámu, bokɛndɛ́ na [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libóso|Kotámbola ya libóso]]. <div style="font-size:8pt;"> Bienvenue sur les débuts de [http://fr.Wikipedia.org Wikipédia], la première Encylopédie en '''[[lingala]]'''. Si vous le parlez, et vous pensez qu'une encyclopédie lingála serait une bonne chose, allez vous à <b> [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libóso|Kotámbola ya libóso ''Comment débuter?'' ]]</div> ===Informations=== Jusqu'à aujourd'hui, il y a '''[[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} articles]]''' en lingála dans Wikipédia. *[[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libóso|Kotámbola ya libóso ''Comment débuter?'' ]] *[[Special:Userlogin|Kokɔ́tɔ (log in)]] <br /> '''Vous parlez le lingala? N'hésitez pas, cliquez sur ''kobalusa'' et traduisez ces quelques phrases en français!''' </div> 6314 2005-09-27T07:10:36Z Moyogo 11 /* Informations */ == Mbɔ́tɛ! == Boyéí bolámu na ebandélí ya wikipedia, búku ya libóso ya [[lingála]] sɔ́kí bolobaka lingála mpe sɔ́kí bokanísí éte búku ya lingála ekozala malámu, bokɛndɛ́ na [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libóso|Kotámbola ya libóso]]. <div style="font-size:8pt;"> Bienvenue sur les débuts de [http://fr.Wikipedia.org Wikipédia], la première Encylopédie en '''[[lingala]]'''. Si vous le parlez, et vous pensez qu'une encyclopédie lingála serait une bonne chose, allez vous à <b> [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libóso|Kotámbola ya libóso ''Comment débuter?'' ]]</div> ===Informations=== Jusqu'à aujourd'hui, il y a '''[[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} articles]]''' en lingála dans Wikipédia. *[[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libóso|Kotámbola ya libóso ''Comment débuter?'' ]] *[[Special:Userlogin|Kokɔ́tɔ (log in)]] <br /> '''Vous parlez le lingala? N'hésitez pas, cliquez sur ''kobalusa'' et traduisez ces quelques phrases en français!''' </div> {{Nkásá ya sika}} 6433 2005-10-10T13:22:16Z Moyogo 11 Template:Mbɔ́tɛ moved to Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Mbɔ́tɛ == Mbɔ́tɛ! == Boyéí bolámu na ebandélí ya wikipedia, búku ya libóso ya [[lingála]] sɔ́kí bolobaka lingála mpe sɔ́kí bokanísí éte búku ya lingála ekozala malámu, bokɛndɛ́ na [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libóso|Kotámbola ya libóso]]. <div style="font-size:8pt;"> Bienvenue sur les débuts de [http://fr.Wikipedia.org Wikipédia], la première Encylopédie en '''[[lingala]]'''. Si vous le parlez, et vous pensez qu'une encyclopédie lingála serait une bonne chose, allez vous à <b> [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libóso|Kotámbola ya libóso ''Comment débuter?'' ]]</div> ===Informations=== Jusqu'à aujourd'hui, il y a '''[[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} articles]]''' en lingála dans Wikipédia. *[[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libóso|Kotámbola ya libóso ''Comment débuter?'' ]] *[[Special:Userlogin|Kokɔ́tɔ (log in)]] <br /> '''Vous parlez le lingala? N'hésitez pas, cliquez sur ''kobalusa'' et traduisez ces quelques phrases en français!''' </div> {{Nkásá ya sika}} 6699 2005-11-05T13:31:03Z Moyogo 11 == Mbɔ́tɛ! == Boyéí bolámu na ebandélí ya wikipedia, búku ya libóso ya [[lingála]] sɔ́kí bolobaka lingála mpe sɔ́kí bokanísí éte búku ya lingála ekozala malámu, bokɛndɛ́ na [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libóso|Kotámbola ya libóso]]. <div style="font-size:8pt;"> Bienvenue sur les débuts de [http://fr.Wikipedia.org Wikipédia], la première Encylopédie en '''[[:fr:lingala]]'''. Si vous le parlez, et vous pensez qu'une encyclopédie lingála serait une bonne chose, allez vous à <b> [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libóso|Kotámbola ya libóso ''Comment débuter?'' ]]</div> ===Informations=== Jusqu'à aujourd'hui, il y a '''[[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} articles]]''' en lingála dans Wikipédia. *[[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libóso|Kotámbola ya libóso ''Comment débuter?'' ]] *[[Special:Userlogin|Kokɔ́tɔ (log in)]] <br /> '''Vous parlez le lingala? N'hésitez pas, cliquez sur ''kobalusa'' et traduisez ces quelques phrases en français!''' </div> {{Nkásá ya sika}} 6967 2005-11-21T15:48:33Z Moyogo 11 Kotámbola ya libosó == Mbɔ́tɛ! == Boyéí bolámu na ebandélí ya wikipedia, búku ya libóso ya [[lingála]] sɔ́kí bolobaka lingála mpe sɔ́kí bokanísí éte búku ya lingála ekozala malámu, bokɛndɛ́ na [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|Kotámbola ya libosó]]. <div style="font-size:8pt;"> Bienvenue sur les débuts de [http://fr.Wikipedia.org Wikipédia], la première Encylopédie en '''[[:fr:lingala]]'''. Si vous le parlez, et vous pensez qu'une encyclopédie lingála serait une bonne chose, allez vous à <b> [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libóso|Kotámbola ya libóso ''Comment débuter?'' ]]</div> ===Informations=== Jusqu'à aujourd'hui, il y a '''[[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} articles]]''' en lingála dans Wikipédia. *[[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|Kotámbola ya libosó ''Comment débuter?'' ]] *[[Special:Userlogin|Kokɔ́tɔ (log in)]] <br /> '''Vous parlez le lingala? N'hésitez pas, cliquez sur ''kobalusa'' et traduisez ces quelques phrases en français!''' </div> {{Nkásá ya sika}} 6969 2005-11-21T18:57:16Z Moyogo 11 style <div style="text-align:center;"> <span style="font-size:x-large">'''Mbɔ́tɛ!'''</span><br/> Boyéí bolámu na ebandélí ya wikipedia, búku ya libóso ya [[lingála]] sɔ́kí bolobaka lingála mpe sɔ́kí bokanísí éte búku ya lingála ekozala malámu, bokɛndɛ́ na [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|kotámbola ya libosó]].<br/> Bazalí nkásá [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] ya lingála o [[Wikipedia]]. ---- <div> Bienvenue sur les débuts de [http://fr.Wikipedia.org Wikipédia], la première Encylopédie en '''[[:fr:lingala|lingala]]'''. Si vous le parlez, et vous pensez qu'une encyclopédie lingála serait une bonne chose, allez vous à <b> [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libóso|Kotámbola ya libóso ''Comment débuter?'']]</div> ---- </div> </div> {{Nkásá ya sika}} __NOEDITSECTION__ 7202 2005-12-05T16:25:02Z Moyogo 11 libosó <div style="text-align:center;"> <span style="font-size:x-large">'''Mbɔ́tɛ!'''</span><br/> Boyéí bolámu na ebandélí ya wikipedia, búku ya libosó ya [[lingála]] sɔ́kí bolobaka lingála mpe sɔ́kí bokanísí éte búku ya lingála ekozala malámu, bokɛndɛ́ na [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|kotámbola ya libosó]].<br/> Bazalí nkásá [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] ya lingála o [[Wikipedia]]. ---- <div> Bienvenue sur les débuts de [http://fr.Wikipedia.org Wikipédia], la première Encylopédie en '''[[:fr:lingala|lingala]]'''. Si vous le parlez, et vous pensez qu'une encyclopédie lingála serait une bonne chose, allez vous à <b> [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libóso|Kotámbola ya libóso ''Comment débuter?'']]</div> ---- </div> </div> {{Nkásá ya sika}} __NOEDITSECTION__ 7203 2005-12-05T16:25:36Z Moyogo 11 mpé <div style="text-align:center;"> <span style="font-size:x-large">'''Mbɔ́tɛ!'''</span><br/> Boyéí bolámu na ebandélí ya wikipedia, búku ya libosó ya [[lingála]] sɔ́kí bolobaka lingála mpé sɔ́kí bokanísí éte búku ya lingála ekozala malámu, bokɛndɛ́ na [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|kotámbola ya libosó]].<br/> Bazalí nkásá [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] ya lingála o [[Wikipedia]]. ---- <div> Bienvenue sur les débuts de [http://fr.Wikipedia.org Wikipédia], la première Encylopédie en '''[[:fr:lingala|lingala]]'''. Si vous le parlez, et vous pensez qu'une encyclopédie lingála serait une bonne chose, allez vous à <b> [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libóso|Kotámbola ya libóso ''Comment débuter?'']]</div> ---- </div> </div> {{Nkásá ya sika}} __NOEDITSECTION__ 7495 2006-01-05T12:52:45Z Bombo 12 le part en français <small> <div style="text-align:center;"> <span style="font-size:x-large">'''Mbɔ́tɛ!'''</span><br/> Boyéí bolámu na ebandélí ya wikipedia, búku ya libosó ya [[lingála]] sɔ́kí bolobaka lingála mpé sɔ́kí bokanísí éte búku ya lingála ekozala malámu, bokɛndɛ́ na [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|kotámbola ya libosó]].<br/> Bazalí nkásá [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] ya lingála o [[Wikipedia]]. ---- <div><small> Bienvenue sur les débuts de [http://fr.Wikipedia.org Wikipédia], la première Encylopédie en '''[[:fr:lingala|lingala]]'''. Si vous le parlez, et vous pensez qu'une encyclopédie lingála serait une bonne chose, allez vous à <b> [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libóso|''Comment débuter?'']]</div></small> ---- </div> </div> {{Nkásá ya sika}} __NOEDITSECTION__ 7654 2006-02-01T09:53:44Z Bombo 12 - </br> <div style="text-align:center;"> <span style="font-size:x-large">'''Mbɔ́tɛ!'''</span><br/> Boyéí bolámu na ebandélí ya wikipedia, búku ya libosó ya [[lingála]] sɔ́kí bolobaka lingála mpé sɔ́kí bokanísí éte búku ya lingála ekozala malámu, bokɛndɛ́ na [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|kotámbola ya libosó]]. Bazalí nkásá [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] ya lingála o [[Wikipedia]]. ---- <div><small> Bienvenue sur les débuts de [http://fr.Wikipedia.org Wikipédia], la première Encylopédie en '''[[:fr:lingala|lingala]]'''. Si vous le parlez, et vous pensez qu'une encyclopédie lingála serait une bonne chose, allez vous à <b> [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libóso|''Comment débuter?'']]</div></small> ---- </div> </div> {{Nkásá ya sika}} __NOEDITSECTION__ Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Nsango níni 1761 5969 2005-08-01T20:46:13Z Moyogo 11 actualités <!---------- Actualité -----------> <h3 style="background: #dde4ee; padding: 0.3em; text-align: center; font-size:1em;">Nsango nini?</h3> <div style="background-color:#ffffff; border:0.4em solid #eeeef3; padding:0 0.3em;"> {| |- | ''' Wikipédia fonctionne maintenant avec [[Wikipedia:MediaWiki_1.4|MediaWiki 1.4]]!'''<br /> Des problèmes téchniques sont à communiquer à nos confrères français: [[:fr:Wikipedia:Liste_de_discussion#techniques_:_Wikitech-L_et_mediawiki-l|Discussion]]<br /><br /> '''[[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|Moyángeli recherché!]]'''<br /> Tu aimes améliorer des articles, aider aux nouveaux participants? Rejoigne les administrateurs! [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli]] |} </div> 5985 2005-08-05T20:43:23Z 64.229.140.203 MW 1.5beta <!---------- Actualité -----------> <h3 style="background: #dde4ee; padding: 0.3em; text-align: center; font-size:1em;">Nsango nini?</h3> <div style="background-color:#ffffff; border:0.4em solid #eeeef3; padding:0 0.3em;"> {| |- | ''' Wikipédia fonctionne maintenant avec [[Wikipedia:MediaWiki_1.4|MediaWiki 1.5beta]]!'''<br /> Des problèmes téchniques sont à communiquer à nos confrères français: [[:fr:Wikipedia:Liste_de_discussion#techniques_:_Wikitech-L_et_mediawiki-l|Discussion]]<br /><br /> '''[[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|Moyángeli recherché!]]'''<br /> Tu aimes améliorer des articles, aider aux nouveaux participants? Rejoigne les administrateurs! [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli]] |} </div> 6435 2005-10-10T13:22:30Z Moyogo 11 Template:Nsango nini moved to Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Nsango nini <!---------- Actualité -----------> <h3 style="background: #dde4ee; padding: 0.3em; text-align: center; font-size:1em;">Nsango nini?</h3> <div style="background-color:#ffffff; border:0.4em solid #eeeef3; padding:0 0.3em;"> {| |- | ''' Wikipédia fonctionne maintenant avec [[Wikipedia:MediaWiki_1.4|MediaWiki 1.5beta]]!'''<br /> Des problèmes téchniques sont à communiquer à nos confrères français: [[:fr:Wikipedia:Liste_de_discussion#techniques_:_Wikitech-L_et_mediawiki-l|Discussion]]<br /><br /> '''[[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|Moyángeli recherché!]]'''<br /> Tu aimes améliorer des articles, aider aux nouveaux participants? Rejoigne les administrateurs! [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli]] |} </div> 6453 2005-10-10T15:13:19Z Moyogo 11 <!---------- Actualité -----------> <h3 style="background: #dde4ee; padding: 0.3em; text-align: center; font-size:1em;">Nsango níni?</h3> <div style="background-color:#ffffff; border:0.4em solid #eeeef3; padding:0 0.3em;"> * [[Wikipedia:Moy%C3%A1ngeli#moyogo|Moyángeli ya sika]] * ''' Wikipédia fonctionne maintenant avec [[Wikipedia:MediaWiki_1.4|MediaWiki 1.5beta]]!'''<br />Des problèmes téchniques sont à communiquer à nos confrères français: [[:fr:Wikipedia:Liste_de_discussion#techniques_:_Wikitech-L_et_mediawiki-l|Discussion]]. *'''[[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|Moyángeli recherché!]]'''<br /> Tu aimes améliorer des articles, aider aux nouveaux participants? Rejoigne les administrateurs! [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli]] </div> 7645 2006-01-28T16:22:24Z Moyogo 11 [[Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Nsango nini]] moved to [[Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Nsango níni]]: níni <!---------- Actualité -----------> <h3 style="background: #dde4ee; padding: 0.3em; text-align: center; font-size:1em;">Nsango níni?</h3> <div style="background-color:#ffffff; border:0.4em solid #eeeef3; padding:0 0.3em;"> * [[Wikipedia:Moy%C3%A1ngeli#moyogo|Moyángeli ya sika]] * ''' Wikipédia fonctionne maintenant avec [[Wikipedia:MediaWiki_1.4|MediaWiki 1.5beta]]!'''<br />Des problèmes téchniques sont à communiquer à nos confrères français: [[:fr:Wikipedia:Liste_de_discussion#techniques_:_Wikitech-L_et_mediawiki-l|Discussion]]. *'''[[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|Moyángeli recherché!]]'''<br /> Tu aimes améliorer des articles, aider aux nouveaux participants? Rejoigne les administrateurs! [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli]] </div> 8242 2006-05-25T11:17:25Z Moyogo 11 <!---------- Actualité -----------> <h3 style="background: #dde4ee; padding: 0.3em; text-align: center; font-size:1em;">Nsango níni?</h3> <div style="background-color:#ffffff; border:0.4em solid #eeeef3; padding:0 0.3em;"> *'''[[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|Moyángeli recherché!]]'''<br /> Tu aimes améliorer des articles, aider aux nouveaux participants? Rejoigne les administrateurs! [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli]] </div> Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Óyo níni 1762 5972 2005-08-01T21:04:58Z Moyogo 11 Óyo nini === Óyo nini? === Wikipedia eza ''encyclopedie'' óyo. Batu batangaka ngo bakomaka ngo. === Mibéko === * Les textes sont libre pour utilisation ([[Wikipedia:GNU Free Document License|GNU-FDL]]). <br /> * Les textes ont un point neutre (NPOV). === Des mots rouges et bleus? === Des mots en <font style="color:#0000FF">bleu</font> sont des liens vers un autre article, p.ex. [[Nkoli]]. De même les mots en rouge, sauf: <font style="color:#FF0000">Cet article n'existe pas encore</font>. En cliquant sur un mot <font style="color:#FF0000">rouge</font>, tu peu écrire cet article. <br /> ''voir aussi [[Wikipedia:Kotambola ya liboso]]'' 5973 2005-08-01T21:07:48Z Moyogo 11 <div style="font-size:14pt;">Wikipedia Lingála</div> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|right|200px|]] === Óyo nini? === Wikipedia eza ''ensyclopedie'' óyo. Batu batangaka ngo bakomaka ngo. === Mibéko === * Les textes sont libre pour utilisation ([[Wikipedia:GNU Free Document License|GNU-FDL]]). <br /> * Les textes ont un point neutre (NPOV). === Des mots rouges et bleus? === Des mots en <font style="color:#0000FF">bleu</font> sont des liens vers un autre article, p.ex. [[Nkoli]]. De même les mots en rouge, sauf: <font style="color:#FF0000">Cet article n'existe pas encore</font>. En cliquant sur un mot <font style="color:#FF0000">rouge</font>, tu peu écrire cet article. <br /> ''voir aussi [[Wikipedia:Kotambola ya liboso]]'' 6091 2005-09-02T04:05:18Z Korg 30 /* Mibéko */ 'point de vue' / ortho <div style="font-size:14pt;">Wikipedia Lingála</div> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|right|200px|]] === Óyo nini? === Wikipedia eza ''ensyclopedie'' óyo. Batu batangaka ngo bakomaka ngo. === Mibéko === * Les textes sont libres pour utilisation ([[Wikipedia:GNU Free Document License|GNU-FDL]]). <br /> * Les textes ont un point de vue neutre (NPOV). === Des mots rouges et bleus? === Des mots en <font style="color:#0000FF">bleu</font> sont des liens vers un autre article, p.ex. [[Nkoli]]. De même les mots en rouge, sauf: <font style="color:#FF0000">Cet article n'existe pas encore</font>. En cliquant sur un mot <font style="color:#FF0000">rouge</font>, tu peu écrire cet article. <br /> ''voir aussi [[Wikipedia:Kotambola ya liboso]]'' 6092 2005-09-02T04:06:06Z Korg 30 ortho <div style="font-size:14pt;">Wikipedia Lingála</div> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|right|200px|]] === Óyo nini? === Wikipedia eza ''ensyclopedie'' óyo. Batu batangaka ngo bakomaka ngo. === Mibéko === * Les textes sont libres pour utilisation ([[Wikipedia:GNU Free Document License|GNU-FDL]]). <br /> * Les textes ont un point de vue neutre (NPOV). === Des mots rouges et bleus? === Des mots en <font style="color:#0000FF">bleu</font> sont des liens vers un autre article, p.ex. [[Nkoli]]. De même les mots en rouge, sauf: <font style="color:#FF0000">Cet article n'existe pas encore</font>. En cliquant sur un mot <font style="color:#FF0000">rouge</font>, tu peux écrire cet article. <br /> ''Voir aussi [[Wikipedia:Kotambola ya liboso]]'' 6437 2005-10-10T13:23:21Z Moyogo 11 Template:Óyo nini moved to Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Óyo nini <div style="font-size:14pt;">Wikipedia Lingála</div> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|right|200px|]] === Óyo nini? === Wikipedia eza ''ensyclopedie'' óyo. Batu batangaka ngo bakomaka ngo. === Mibéko === * Les textes sont libres pour utilisation ([[Wikipedia:GNU Free Document License|GNU-FDL]]). <br /> * Les textes ont un point de vue neutre (NPOV). === Des mots rouges et bleus? === Des mots en <font style="color:#0000FF">bleu</font> sont des liens vers un autre article, p.ex. [[Nkoli]]. De même les mots en rouge, sauf: <font style="color:#FF0000">Cet article n'existe pas encore</font>. En cliquant sur un mot <font style="color:#FF0000">rouge</font>, tu peux écrire cet article. <br /> ''Voir aussi [[Wikipedia:Kotambola ya liboso]]'' 6444 2005-10-10T14:46:04Z Moyogo 11 elilingi -> 160px, + elilingi info <div style="font-size:14pt;"> [[Image:Nuvola_apps_hwinfo.png|32px]] Wikipedia Lingála</div> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|right|160px|]] === Óyo nini? === Wikipedia eza ''ensyclopedie'' óyo. Batu batangaka ngo bakomaka ngo. === Mibéko === * Les textes sont libres pour utilisation ([[Wikipedia:GNU Free Document License|GNU-FDL]]). <br /> * Les textes ont un point de vue neutre (NPOV). === Des mots rouges et bleus? === Des mots en <font style="color:#0000FF">bleu</font> sont des liens vers un autre article, p.ex. [[Nkoli]]. De même les mots en rouge, sauf: <font style="color:#FF0000">Cet article n'existe pas encore</font>. En cliquant sur un mot <font style="color:#FF0000">rouge</font>, tu peux écrire cet article. <br /> ''Voir aussi [[Wikipedia:Kotambola ya liboso]]'' 6445 2005-10-10T14:47:56Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:Nuvola_apps_hwinfo.png|32px]] [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|right|160px|]] === Óyo nini? === Wikipedia eza ''ensyclopedie'' óyo. Batu batangaka ngo bakomaka ngo. === Mibéko === * Les textes sont libres pour utilisation ([[Wikipedia:GNU Free Document License|GNU-FDL]]). <br /> * Les textes ont un point de vue neutre (NPOV). === Des mots rouges et bleus? === Des mots en <font style="color:#0000FF">bleu</font> sont des liens vers un autre article, p.ex. [[Nkoli]]. De même les mots en rouge, sauf: <font style="color:#FF0000">Cet article n'existe pas encore</font>. En cliquant sur un mot <font style="color:#FF0000">rouge</font>, tu peux écrire cet article. <br /> ''Voir aussi [[Wikipedia:Kotambola ya liboso]]'' 6447 2005-10-10T14:57:07Z Moyogo 11 - elilingi [[Image:Nuvola_apps_hwinfo.png|32px]] === Óyo nini? === Wikipedia eza ''ensyclopedie'' óyo. Batu batangaka ngo bakomaka ngo. === Mibéko === * Les textes sont libres pour utilisation ([[Wikipedia:GNU Free Document License|GNU-FDL]]). <br /> * Les textes ont un point de vue neutre (NPOV). === Des mots rouges et bleus? === Des mots en <font style="color:#0000FF">bleu</font> sont des liens vers un autre article, p.ex. [[Nkoli]]. De même les mots en rouge, sauf: <font style="color:#FF0000">Cet article n'existe pas encore</font>. En cliquant sur un mot <font style="color:#FF0000">rouge</font>, tu peux écrire cet article. <br /> ''Voir aussi [[Wikipedia:Kotambola ya liboso]]'' 6965 2005-11-21T15:42:31Z Moyogo 11 Kotámbola ya libosó [[Image:Nuvola_apps_hwinfo.png|32px]] === Óyo nini? === Wikipedia eza ''ensyclopedie'' óyo. Bato batangaka ngo bakomaka ngo. === Mibéko === * Les textes sont libres pour utilisation ([[Wikipedia:GNU Free Document License|GNU-FDL]]). <br /> * Les textes ont un point de vue neutre (NPOV). === Des mots rouges et bleus? === Des mots en <font style="color:#0000FF">bleu</font> sont des liens vers un autre article, p.ex. [[Nkoli]]. De même les mots en rouge, sauf: <font style="color:#FF0000">Cet article n'existe pas encore</font>. En cliquant sur un mot <font style="color:#FF0000">rouge</font>, tu peux écrire cet article. <br /> ''Voir aussi [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó]]'' 7647 2006-01-28T16:22:32Z Moyogo 11 [[Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Óyo nini]] moved to [[Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Óyo níni]]: níni [[Image:Nuvola_apps_hwinfo.png|32px]] === Óyo nini? === Wikipedia eza ''ensyclopedie'' óyo. Bato batangaka ngo bakomaka ngo. === Mibéko === * Les textes sont libres pour utilisation ([[Wikipedia:GNU Free Document License|GNU-FDL]]). <br /> * Les textes ont un point de vue neutre (NPOV). === Des mots rouges et bleus? === Des mots en <font style="color:#0000FF">bleu</font> sont des liens vers un autre article, p.ex. [[Nkoli]]. De même les mots en rouge, sauf: <font style="color:#FF0000">Cet article n'existe pas encore</font>. En cliquant sur un mot <font style="color:#FF0000">rouge</font>, tu peux écrire cet article. <br /> ''Voir aussi [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó]]'' 7649 2006-01-28T16:39:50Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:Nuvola_apps_hwinfo.png|32px]] === Óyo nini? === Wikipedia ezalí ''ensyclopedie'' óyo. Bato batangaka ngo bakomaka ngo. === Mibéko === * Okokaka kokoma maloba maye mpɔ̂ na nyɔ́nsɔ ([[Wikipedia:GNU Free Document License|GNU-FDL]]). <br /> * Les textes ont un point de vue neutre (NPOV). === Nkómbó motáné ngwa mpé bulé? === * Nkómbó ya <font style="color:#0000FF">bulé</font> izalí epái ''lonkásá'' losúsu, ndakisa : [[Nkoli]]. * Nkómbó ya <font style="color:#FF0000">motáné ngwa</font> izalí mpɔ̂ na lonkásá lozalí áwa tɛ́. En cliquant sur un mot <font style="color:#FF0000">rouge</font>, tu peux écrire cet article. <br /> ''Voir aussi [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó]]'' 9722 2006-11-11T22:59:07Z Bombo 12 img right [[Image:Nuvola_apps_hwinfo.png|right|32px]] === Óyo nini? === Wikipedia ezalí ''ensyclopedie'' óyo. Bato batangaka ngo bakomaka ngo. === Mibéko === * Okokaka kokoma maloba maye mpɔ̂ na nyɔ́nsɔ ([[Wikipedia:GNU Free Document License|GNU-FDL]]). <br /> * Les textes ont un point de vue neutre (NPOV). === Nkómbó motáné ngwa mpé bulé? === * Nkómbó ya <font style="color:#0000FF">bulé</font> izalí epái ''lonkásá'' losúsu, ndakisa : [[Nkoli]]. * Nkómbó ya <font style="color:#FF0000">motáné ngwa</font> izalí mpɔ̂ na lonkásá lozalí áwa tɛ́. En cliquant sur un mot <font style="color:#FF0000">rouge</font>, tu peux écrire cet article. <br /> ''Voir aussi [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó]]'' Template:En icon 1763 5979 2005-08-04T00:19:12Z 199.8.238.219 [[Image:Symbole-en.png|30px|Link to an English language website]] Template:Fr icon 1764 5980 2005-08-04T00:19:49Z 199.8.238.219 [[Image:Symbole-fr.png|30px|Link to a French language website]] User:Vberger 1766 5996 2005-08-16T10:38:13Z Vberger 28 [[en:User:Vberger]] [[fr:Utilisateur:Vberger]] MediaWiki:Expiringblock 1767 sysop 6006 2005-08-19T23:24:03Z MediaWiki default expires $1 MediaWiki:Infiniteblock 1768 sysop 6007 2005-08-19T23:24:04Z MediaWiki default infinite MediaWiki:Ipblocklistempty 1769 sysop 6008 2005-08-19T23:24:04Z MediaWiki default The blocklist is empty. MediaWiki:Linkprefix 1770 sysop 6009 2005-08-19T23:24:04Z MediaWiki default /^(.*?)([a-zA-Z\x80-\xff]+)$/sD MediaWiki:Mostlinked 1771 sysop 6011 2005-08-19T23:24:04Z MediaWiki default Most linked to pages MediaWiki:Namespacesall 1772 sysop 6012 2005-08-19T23:24:04Z MediaWiki default all MediaWiki:Restorelink1 1773 sysop 6017 2005-08-19T23:24:04Z MediaWiki default one deleted edit MediaWiki:Unit-pixel 1774 sysop 6024 2005-08-19T23:24:05Z MediaWiki default px Léopold II 1776 6049 2005-08-31T12:01:54Z 160.85.2.50 Image:LeopoldIIBelgien.jpg [[bg:Леополд II (Белгия)]] [[en:Léopold II of Belgium]] [[eo:Leopoldo la 2-a (Belgio)]] [[es:Leopoldo II de Bélgica]] [[fi:Belgian Leopold II]] [[fr:Léopold II de Belgique]] [[it:Leopoldo II del Belgio]] [[ja:レオポルド2世 (ベルギー王)]] [[nl:Leopold II van België]] [[no:Leopold II av Belgia]] [[pl:Leopold II (król Belgii)]] [[sv:Leopold II av Belgien]] 6269 2005-09-18T11:27:09Z Moyogo 11 {{ndámbo}} [[Image:LeopoldIIBelgien.jpg]] [[bg:Леополд II (Белгия)]] [[en:Léopold II of Belgium]] [[eo:Leopoldo la 2-a (Belgio)]] [[es:Leopoldo II de Bélgica]] [[fi:Belgian Leopold II]] [[fr:Léopold II de Belgique]] [[it:Leopoldo II del Belgio]] [[ja:レオポルド2世 (ベルギー王)]] [[nl:Leopold II van België]] [[no:Leopold II av Belgia]] [[pl:Leopold II (król Belgii)]] [[sv:Leopold II av Belgien]] 7936 2006-04-02T18:59:02Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: ca, de, nn, pt, ru, zh Modifie: en, fi, pl {{ndámbo}} [[Image:LeopoldIIBelgien.jpg]] [[bg:Леополд II (Белгия)]] [[ca:Leopold II de Bèlgica]] [[de:Leopold II. (Belgien)]] [[en:Leopold II of Belgium]] [[eo:Leopoldo la 2-a (Belgio)]] [[es:Leopoldo II de Bélgica]] [[fi:Leopold II (Belgia)]] [[fr:Léopold II de Belgique]] [[it:Leopoldo II del Belgio]] [[ja:レオポルド2世 (ベルギー王)]] [[nl:Leopold II van België]] [[nn:Leopold II av Belgia]] [[no:Leopold II av Belgia]] [[pl:Leopold II Koburg]] [[pt:Leopoldo II da Bélgica]] [[ru:Леопольд II (король Бельгии)]] [[sv:Leopold II av Belgien]] [[zh:利奥波德二世 (比利时)]] 9023 2006-08-02T05:53:59Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: [[da:Leopold 2. af Belgien]], [[he:לאופולד השני]], [[wa:Yopôl II d' Beldjike]] {{ndámbo}} [[Image:LeopoldIIBelgien.jpg]] [[bg:Леополд II (Белгия)]] [[ca:Leopold II de Bèlgica]] [[da:Leopold 2. af Belgien]] [[de:Leopold II. (Belgien)]] [[en:Leopold II of Belgium]] [[eo:Leopoldo la 2-a (Belgio)]] [[es:Leopoldo II de Bélgica]] [[fi:Leopold II (Belgia)]] [[fr:Léopold II de Belgique]] [[he:לאופולד השני]] [[it:Leopoldo II del Belgio]] [[ja:レオポルド2世 (ベルギー王)]] [[nl:Leopold II van België]] [[nn:Leopold II av Belgia]] [[no:Leopold II av Belgia]] [[pl:Leopold II Koburg]] [[pt:Leopoldo II da Bélgica]] [[ru:Леопольд II (король Бельгии)]] [[sv:Leopold II av Belgien]] [[wa:Yopôl II d' Beldjike]] [[zh:利奥波德二世 (比利时)]] 9980 2006-12-16T01:02:41Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[tr:II. Léopold (Belçika Kralı)]] Modifie: [[he:לאופולד השני מלך הבלגים]] {{ndámbo}} [[Image:LeopoldIIBelgien.jpg]] [[bg:Леополд II (Белгия)]] [[ca:Leopold II de Bèlgica]] [[da:Leopold 2. af Belgien]] [[de:Leopold II. (Belgien)]] [[en:Leopold II of Belgium]] [[eo:Leopoldo la 2-a (Belgio)]] [[es:Leopoldo II de Bélgica]] [[fi:Leopold II (Belgia)]] [[fr:Léopold II de Belgique]] [[he:לאופולד השני מלך הבלגים]] [[it:Leopoldo II del Belgio]] [[ja:レオポルド2世 (ベルギー王)]] [[nl:Leopold II van België]] [[nn:Leopold II av Belgia]] [[no:Leopold II av Belgia]] [[pl:Leopold II Koburg]] [[pt:Leopoldo II da Bélgica]] [[ru:Леопольд II (король Бельгии)]] [[sv:Leopold II av Belgien]] [[tr:II. Léopold (Belçika Kralı)]] [[wa:Yopôl II d' Beldjike]] [[zh:利奥波德二世 (比利时)]] Bacillus Calmette-Guérin 1777 6051 2005-09-01T15:02:48Z Bombo 12 Mobateli ya BCG (BCG vaccine) ezali na biloko oyo epesaka maladi ya [[TB]] kasi basibalongoli makasi na yango. Lokola basibalongoli makasi na yango, ekoki kosala mabe lisusu te, kasi ekosalisa nzoto ya mwana ekolisa komibatela yango moko (immunite), mpo ata soki akutani na TB, akozua yango lisusu te. 6054 2005-09-01T15:30:27Z Bombo 12 '''Mobateli ya BCG''' (BCG vaccine) ezali na biloko oyo epesaka maladi ya [[TB]] kasi basibalongoli makasi na yango. Lokola basibalongoli makasi na yango, ekoki kosala mabe lisusu te, kasi ekosalisa nzoto ya mwana ekolisa komibatela yango moko (immunite), mpo ata soki akutani na TB, akozua yango lisusu te. == Mpona nini mwana na ngai bapesa ye BCG? == Na UK, lokola na bamboka misusu, BCG bapesaka na bana baye bazali mpene ya bato oyo bakoki kozala na TB. Wana ezali mpo bana yango bavandaka bisika ya bato mingi ya TB, ezala baboti to bankoko bauti bisika bato mingi babelaka TB. Na mokuse mbala mingi bana oyo bavandaka na cite ya masikini. Mobateli yango bapesaka na tango mwana abotami kasi bakopesaka mpe na tango nyonso oyo ebongi. == Mwana bapesaka ye mobateli ndenge nini? == Mbala mingi mwana nayo bakobeta ye tonga ya BCG na loboko ya mwasi mpene na lipeka. == Nkisi yango mpe ekoki kosala mabe? == Tango ozui tonga, mbala moko esika yango ekovimba. Wana elakisaka te babeti tonga ndenge ebongi. Sima ya mposo 2 kino 6 wuta kozua tonga, elembo ekomonana. Ekosua mpo na mikolo mike, kasi ebikaka noki soki okangi yango te. Ekoki kotika elembo moke. Tango mosusu mwana akozala na pota esika ya tonga. Soki wana ezali kobimisa mayi, kanga yango na elamba ekauki ti ekobanda kolakisa kobika. Kasi kokanga yango na sparadrap te. Pota yango ekoki kosala mwa sanza mpo ebanda kobika '''Soki epesi yo mawa na motema, to omoni lokola pota ezali kobakisama, kende epayi ya [[dokotolo]].''' == Mpona nini mwana na ngai azua mobateli ya BCG te? == Lokola na mibateli nyonso, tango mususu ebongi te kopesa mwana BCG. Tina yango oyo: * Soki mwana azali na nzoto ya moto ([[fievre]]) * Soki bazali kopesa ye nkisi ya [[kansele]] to nkisi nyonso oyo esukisaka makasi ya nzoto * Azali na [[SIDA]], to * Azali kobela bisika mingi na loposo [[eczema]]. == Ebongi nayebaka nini lisusu? == Mwana nayo akoki kobanda nkisi ya mibateli ya [[diphtherie]], [[hemophilie]], [[grippe]], [[meningite]], [[pertuse]], paralyse na maladie ekotaka na pota [[tetanus]] soki azali na sanza 2 ekopekisa te kozua BCG. Kasi tala te bankisi misusu wana babeti ye te na loboko oyo babetaki ye na BCG kino sima ya sanza 3, soki te, esika yango ekoki kovimba. Mpe tiya sango ya kozua BCG na buku ya mwana <Personal Child Health Record (PCHR)> mpo esalisa na sima. == Bamboka oyo ezalaka na babeli mingi ya TB == Bamboka oyo tokoma na nse ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB. Soki eyano na yo ya mituni na biso ezali 'oui' 'íyo', sala noki opesa mwana nayo azua BCG soki azui naino te. * Yo, bandeko nayo to tata ya mwana na yo awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Yo na mwana nayo bokokende kovanda koleka sanza moko to bokotambola mingi na mboka nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Nakati ya ndako nayo, to mpene nayo, azali moto oyo akozala mpene na mwana nayo na tango mingi, oyo azali na TB to azalaki na yango kala, to awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo to tangi? Kongo-Brazzaville Angola Burundi Centrafrique Kongo-Kinshasa Ruanda Uganda Gabon == Sango ya kobakisa == Mpo ozua basango misusu na ndenge ya komibatela, bandeko nayo na baninga buzua TB te, okokiko betela: * dokotolo nayo * midwife / femme sage (THIS IS ENGLISH/FRENCH, PLEASE TRANSLATE IF YOU CAN) * nurse / infirmière (THIS IS ENGLISH/FRENCH, PLEASE TRANSLATE IF YOU CAN) 6056 2005-09-01T15:34:45Z Bombo 12 /* Mwana bapesaka ye mobateli ndenge nini? */ '''Mobateli ya BCG''' (BCG vaccine) ezali na biloko oyo epesaka maladi ya [[TB]] kasi basibalongoli makasi na yango. Lokola basibalongoli makasi na yango, ekoki kosala mabe lisusu te, kasi ekosalisa nzoto ya mwana ekolisa komibatela yango moko (immunite), mpo ata soki akutani na TB, akozua yango lisusu te. == Mpona nini mwana na ngai bapesa ye BCG? == Na UK, lokola na bamboka misusu, BCG bapesaka na bana baye bazali mpene ya bato oyo bakoki kozala na TB. Wana ezali mpo bana yango bavandaka bisika ya bato mingi ya TB, ezala baboti to bankoko bauti bisika bato mingi babelaka TB. Na mokuse mbala mingi bana oyo bavandaka na cite ya masikini. Mobateli yango bapesaka na tango mwana abotami kasi bakopesaka mpe na tango nyonso oyo ebongi. [[Image:Flu Vaccine.jpg|thumb|right|Mbala mingi mwana nayo bakobeta ye tonga ya BCG na loboko ya mwasi mpene na lipeka.]] == Mwana bapesaka ye mobateli ndenge nini? == Mbala mingi mwana nayo bakobeta ye tonga ya BCG na loboko ya mwasi mpene na lipeka. == Nkisi yango mpe ekoki kosala mabe? == Tango ozui tonga, mbala moko esika yango ekovimba. Wana elakisaka te babeti tonga ndenge ebongi. Sima ya mposo 2 kino 6 wuta kozua tonga, elembo ekomonana. Ekosua mpo na mikolo mike, kasi ebikaka noki soki okangi yango te. Ekoki kotika elembo moke. Tango mosusu mwana akozala na pota esika ya tonga. Soki wana ezali kobimisa mayi, kanga yango na elamba ekauki ti ekobanda kolakisa kobika. Kasi kokanga yango na sparadrap te. Pota yango ekoki kosala mwa sanza mpo ebanda kobika '''Soki epesi yo mawa na motema, to omoni lokola pota ezali kobakisama, kende epayi ya [[dokotolo]].''' == Mpona nini mwana na ngai azua mobateli ya BCG te? == Lokola na mibateli nyonso, tango mususu ebongi te kopesa mwana BCG. Tina yango oyo: * Soki mwana azali na nzoto ya moto ([[fievre]]) * Soki bazali kopesa ye nkisi ya [[kansele]] to nkisi nyonso oyo esukisaka makasi ya nzoto * Azali na [[SIDA]], to * Azali kobela bisika mingi na loposo [[eczema]]. == Ebongi nayebaka nini lisusu? == Mwana nayo akoki kobanda nkisi ya mibateli ya [[diphtherie]], [[hemophilie]], [[grippe]], [[meningite]], [[pertuse]], paralyse na maladie ekotaka na pota [[tetanus]] soki azali na sanza 2 ekopekisa te kozua BCG. Kasi tala te bankisi misusu wana babeti ye te na loboko oyo babetaki ye na BCG kino sima ya sanza 3, soki te, esika yango ekoki kovimba. Mpe tiya sango ya kozua BCG na buku ya mwana <Personal Child Health Record (PCHR)> mpo esalisa na sima. == Bamboka oyo ezalaka na babeli mingi ya TB == Bamboka oyo tokoma na nse ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB. Soki eyano na yo ya mituni na biso ezali 'oui' 'íyo', sala noki opesa mwana nayo azua BCG soki azui naino te. * Yo, bandeko nayo to tata ya mwana na yo awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Yo na mwana nayo bokokende kovanda koleka sanza moko to bokotambola mingi na mboka nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Nakati ya ndako nayo, to mpene nayo, azali moto oyo akozala mpene na mwana nayo na tango mingi, oyo azali na TB to azalaki na yango kala, to awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo to tangi? Kongo-Brazzaville Angola Burundi Centrafrique Kongo-Kinshasa Ruanda Uganda Gabon == Sango ya kobakisa == Mpo ozua basango misusu na ndenge ya komibatela, bandeko nayo na baninga buzua TB te, okokiko betela: * dokotolo nayo * midwife / femme sage (THIS IS ENGLISH/FRENCH, PLEASE TRANSLATE IF YOU CAN) * nurse / infirmière (THIS IS ENGLISH/FRENCH, PLEASE TRANSLATE IF YOU CAN) 6057 2005-09-01T15:37:58Z Bombo 12 '''Mobateli ya BCG''' (BCG vaccine) ezali na biloko oyo epesaka maladi ya [[tuberculosis]] (TB) kasi basibalongoli makasi na yango. Lokola basibalongoli makasi na yango, ekoki kosala mabe lisusu te, kasi ekosalisa nzoto ya mwana ekolisa komibatela yango moko (immunite), mpo ata soki akutani na TB, akozua yango lisusu te. == Mpona nini mwana na ngai bapesa ye BCG? == Na UK, lokola na bamboka misusu, BCG bapesaka na bana baye bazali mpene ya bato oyo bakoki kozala na TB. Wana ezali mpo bana yango bavandaka bisika ya bato mingi ya TB, ezala baboti to bankoko bauti bisika bato mingi babelaka TB. Na mokuse mbala mingi bana oyo bavandaka na cite ya masikini. Mobateli yango bapesaka na tango mwana abotami kasi bakopesaka mpe na tango nyonso oyo ebongi. [[Image:Flu Vaccine.jpg|thumb|right|Mbala mingi mwana nayo bakobeta ye tonga ya BCG na loboko ya mwasi mpene na lipeka.]] == Mwana bapesaka ye mobateli ndenge nini? == Mbala mingi mwana nayo bakobeta ye tonga ya BCG na loboko ya mwasi mpene na lipeka. == Nkisi yango mpe ekoki kosala mabe? == Tango ozui tonga, mbala moko esika yango ekovimba. Wana elakisaka te babeti tonga ndenge ebongi. Sima ya mposo 2 kino 6 wuta kozua tonga, elembo ekomonana. Ekosua mpo na mikolo mike, kasi ebikaka noki soki okangi yango te. Ekoki kotika elembo moke. Tango mosusu mwana akozala na pota esika ya tonga. Soki wana ezali kobimisa mayi, kanga yango na elamba ekauki ti ekobanda kolakisa kobika. Kasi kokanga yango na sparadrap te. Pota yango ekoki kosala mwa sanza mpo ebanda kobika '''Soki epesi yo mawa na motema, to omoni lokola pota ezali kobakisama, kende epayi ya [[dokotolo]].''' == Mpona nini mwana na ngai azua mobateli ya BCG te? == Lokola na mibateli nyonso, tango mususu ebongi te kopesa mwana BCG. Tina yango oyo: * Soki mwana azali na nzoto ya moto ([[fievre]]) * Soki bazali kopesa ye nkisi ya [[kansele]] to nkisi nyonso oyo esukisaka makasi ya nzoto * Azali na [[SIDA]], to * Azali kobela bisika mingi na loposo [[eczema]]. == Ebongi nayebaka nini lisusu? == Mwana nayo akoki kobanda nkisi ya mibateli ya [[diphtherie]], [[hemophilie]], [[grippe]], [[meningite]], [[pertuse]], paralyse na maladie ekotaka na pota [[tetanus]] soki azali na sanza 2 ekopekisa te kozua BCG. Kasi tala te bankisi misusu wana babeti ye te na loboko oyo babetaki ye na BCG kino sima ya sanza 3, soki te, esika yango ekoki kovimba. Mpe tiya sango ya kozua BCG na buku ya mwana <Personal Child Health Record (PCHR)> mpo esalisa na sima. == Bamboka oyo ezalaka na babeli mingi ya TB == Bamboka oyo tokoma na nse ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB. Soki eyano na yo ya mituni na biso ezali 'oui' 'íyo', sala noki opesa mwana nayo azua BCG soki azui naino te. * Yo, bandeko nayo to tata ya mwana na yo awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Yo na mwana nayo bokokende kovanda koleka sanza moko to bokotambola mingi na mboka nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Nakati ya ndako nayo, to mpene nayo, azali moto oyo akozala mpene na mwana nayo na tango mingi, oyo azali na TB to azalaki na yango kala, to awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo to tangi? Kongo-Brazzaville Angola Burundi Centrafrique Kongo-Kinshasa Ruanda Uganda Gabon == Sango ya kobakisa == Mpo ozua basango misusu na ndenge ya komibatela, bandeko nayo na baninga buzua TB te, okokiko betela: * dokotolo nayo * midwife / femme sage (THIS IS ENGLISH/FRENCH, PLEASE TRANSLATE IF YOU CAN) * nurse / infirmière (THIS IS ENGLISH/FRENCH, PLEASE TRANSLATE IF YOU CAN) 6058 2005-09-01T15:38:32Z Bombo 12 '''Mobateli ya BCG''' (BCG vaccine) ezali na biloko oyo epesaka maladi ya [[tuberculose]] (TB) kasi basibalongoli makasi na yango. Lokola basibalongoli makasi na yango, ekoki kosala mabe lisusu te, kasi ekosalisa nzoto ya mwana ekolisa komibatela yango moko (immunite), mpo ata soki akutani na TB, akozua yango lisusu te. == Mpona nini mwana na ngai bapesa ye BCG? == Na UK, lokola na bamboka misusu, BCG bapesaka na bana baye bazali mpene ya bato oyo bakoki kozala na TB. Wana ezali mpo bana yango bavandaka bisika ya bato mingi ya TB, ezala baboti to bankoko bauti bisika bato mingi babelaka TB. Na mokuse mbala mingi bana oyo bavandaka na cite ya masikini. Mobateli yango bapesaka na tango mwana abotami kasi bakopesaka mpe na tango nyonso oyo ebongi. [[Image:Flu Vaccine.jpg|thumb|right|Mbala mingi mwana nayo bakobeta ye tonga ya BCG na loboko ya mwasi mpene na lipeka.]] == Mwana bapesaka ye mobateli ndenge nini? == Mbala mingi mwana nayo bakobeta ye tonga ya BCG na loboko ya mwasi mpene na lipeka. == Nkisi yango mpe ekoki kosala mabe? == Tango ozui tonga, mbala moko esika yango ekovimba. Wana elakisaka te babeti tonga ndenge ebongi. Sima ya mposo 2 kino 6 wuta kozua tonga, elembo ekomonana. Ekosua mpo na mikolo mike, kasi ebikaka noki soki okangi yango te. Ekoki kotika elembo moke. Tango mosusu mwana akozala na pota esika ya tonga. Soki wana ezali kobimisa mayi, kanga yango na elamba ekauki ti ekobanda kolakisa kobika. Kasi kokanga yango na sparadrap te. Pota yango ekoki kosala mwa sanza mpo ebanda kobika '''Soki epesi yo mawa na motema, to omoni lokola pota ezali kobakisama, kende epayi ya [[dokotolo]].''' == Mpona nini mwana na ngai azua mobateli ya BCG te? == Lokola na mibateli nyonso, tango mususu ebongi te kopesa mwana BCG. Tina yango oyo: * Soki mwana azali na nzoto ya moto ([[fievre]]) * Soki bazali kopesa ye nkisi ya [[kansele]] to nkisi nyonso oyo esukisaka makasi ya nzoto * Azali na [[SIDA]], to * Azali kobela bisika mingi na loposo [[eczema]]. == Ebongi nayebaka nini lisusu? == Mwana nayo akoki kobanda nkisi ya mibateli ya [[diphtherie]], [[hemophilie]], [[grippe]], [[meningite]], [[pertuse]], paralyse na maladie ekotaka na pota [[tetanus]] soki azali na sanza 2 ekopekisa te kozua BCG. Kasi tala te bankisi misusu wana babeti ye te na loboko oyo babetaki ye na BCG kino sima ya sanza 3, soki te, esika yango ekoki kovimba. Mpe tiya sango ya kozua BCG na buku ya mwana <Personal Child Health Record (PCHR)> mpo esalisa na sima. == Bamboka oyo ezalaka na babeli mingi ya TB == Bamboka oyo tokoma na nse ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB. Soki eyano na yo ya mituni na biso ezali 'oui' 'íyo', sala noki opesa mwana nayo azua BCG soki azui naino te. * Yo, bandeko nayo to tata ya mwana na yo awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Yo na mwana nayo bokokende kovanda koleka sanza moko to bokotambola mingi na mboka nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Nakati ya ndako nayo, to mpene nayo, azali moto oyo akozala mpene na mwana nayo na tango mingi, oyo azali na TB to azalaki na yango kala, to awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo to tangi? Kongo-Brazzaville Angola Burundi Centrafrique Kongo-Kinshasa Ruanda Uganda Gabon == Sango ya kobakisa == Mpo ozua basango misusu na ndenge ya komibatela, bandeko nayo na baninga buzua TB te, okokiko betela: * dokotolo nayo * midwife / femme sage (THIS IS ENGLISH/FRENCH, PLEASE TRANSLATE IF YOU CAN) * nurse / infirmière (THIS IS ENGLISH/FRENCH, PLEASE TRANSLATE IF YOU CAN) 6071 2005-09-01T16:37:00Z Bombo 12 /* Mpona nini mwana na ngai azua mobateli ya BCG te? */ '''Mobateli ya BCG''' (BCG vaccine) ezali na biloko oyo epesaka maladi ya [[tuberculose]] (TB) kasi basibalongoli makasi na yango. Lokola basibalongoli makasi na yango, ekoki kosala mabe lisusu te, kasi ekosalisa nzoto ya mwana ekolisa komibatela yango moko (immunite), mpo ata soki akutani na TB, akozua yango lisusu te. == Mpona nini mwana na ngai bapesa ye BCG? == Na UK, lokola na bamboka misusu, BCG bapesaka na bana baye bazali mpene ya bato oyo bakoki kozala na TB. Wana ezali mpo bana yango bavandaka bisika ya bato mingi ya TB, ezala baboti to bankoko bauti bisika bato mingi babelaka TB. Na mokuse mbala mingi bana oyo bavandaka na cite ya masikini. Mobateli yango bapesaka na tango mwana abotami kasi bakopesaka mpe na tango nyonso oyo ebongi. [[Image:Flu Vaccine.jpg|thumb|right|Mbala mingi mwana nayo bakobeta ye tonga ya BCG na loboko ya mwasi mpene na lipeka.]] == Mwana bapesaka ye mobateli ndenge nini? == Mbala mingi mwana nayo bakobeta ye tonga ya BCG na loboko ya mwasi mpene na lipeka. == Nkisi yango mpe ekoki kosala mabe? == Tango ozui tonga, mbala moko esika yango ekovimba. Wana elakisaka te babeti tonga ndenge ebongi. Sima ya mposo 2 kino 6 wuta kozua tonga, elembo ekomonana. Ekosua mpo na mikolo mike, kasi ebikaka noki soki okangi yango te. Ekoki kotika elembo moke. Tango mosusu mwana akozala na pota esika ya tonga. Soki wana ezali kobimisa mayi, kanga yango na elamba ekauki ti ekobanda kolakisa kobika. Kasi kokanga yango na sparadrap te. Pota yango ekoki kosala mwa sanza mpo ebanda kobika '''Soki epesi yo mawa na motema, to omoni lokola pota ezali kobakisama, kende epayi ya [[dokotolo]].''' == Mpona nini mwana na ngai azua mobateli ya BCG te? == Lokola na mibateli nyonso, tango mususu ebongi te kopesa mwana BCG. Tina yango oyo: * Soki mwana azali na nzoto ya moto ([[fievre]]) * Soki bazali kopesa ye nkisi ya [[kansele]] to nkisi nyonso oyo esukisaka makasi ya nzoto * Azali na [[Sida]], to * Azali kobela bisika mingi na loposo [[eczema]]. == Ebongi nayebaka nini lisusu? == Mwana nayo akoki kobanda nkisi ya mibateli ya [[diphtherie]], [[hemophilie]], [[grippe]], [[meningite]], [[pertuse]], paralyse na maladie ekotaka na pota [[tetanus]] soki azali na sanza 2 ekopekisa te kozua BCG. Kasi tala te bankisi misusu wana babeti ye te na loboko oyo babetaki ye na BCG kino sima ya sanza 3, soki te, esika yango ekoki kovimba. Mpe tiya sango ya kozua BCG na buku ya mwana <Personal Child Health Record (PCHR)> mpo esalisa na sima. == Bamboka oyo ezalaka na babeli mingi ya TB == Bamboka oyo tokoma na nse ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB. Soki eyano na yo ya mituni na biso ezali 'oui' 'íyo', sala noki opesa mwana nayo azua BCG soki azui naino te. * Yo, bandeko nayo to tata ya mwana na yo awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Yo na mwana nayo bokokende kovanda koleka sanza moko to bokotambola mingi na mboka nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Nakati ya ndako nayo, to mpene nayo, azali moto oyo akozala mpene na mwana nayo na tango mingi, oyo azali na TB to azalaki na yango kala, to awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo to tangi? Kongo-Brazzaville Angola Burundi Centrafrique Kongo-Kinshasa Ruanda Uganda Gabon == Sango ya kobakisa == Mpo ozua basango misusu na ndenge ya komibatela, bandeko nayo na baninga buzua TB te, okokiko betela: * dokotolo nayo * midwife / femme sage (THIS IS ENGLISH/FRENCH, PLEASE TRANSLATE IF YOU CAN) * nurse / infirmière (THIS IS ENGLISH/FRENCH, PLEASE TRANSLATE IF YOU CAN) 6072 2005-09-01T16:41:16Z Bombo 12 /* Mpona nini mwana na ngai bapesa ye BCG? */ '''Mobateli ya BCG''' (BCG vaccine) ezali na biloko oyo epesaka maladi ya [[tuberculose]] (TB) kasi basibalongoli makasi na yango. Lokola basibalongoli makasi na yango, ekoki kosala mabe lisusu te, kasi ekosalisa nzoto ya mwana ekolisa komibatela yango moko (immunite), mpo ata soki akutani na TB, akozua yango lisusu te. == Mpona nini mwana na ngai bapesa ye BCG? == Na [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]], lokola na bamboka misusu, BCG bapesaka na bana baye bazali mpene ya bato oyo bakoki kozala na TB. Wana ezali mpo bana yango bavandaka bisika ya bato mingi ya TB, ezala baboti to bankoko bauti bisika bato mingi babelaka TB. Na mokuse mbala mingi bana oyo bavandaka na cite ya masikini. Mobateli yango bapesaka na tango mwana abotami kasi bakopesaka mpe na tango nyonso oyo ebongi. [[Image:Flu Vaccine.jpg|thumb|right|Mbala mingi mwana nayo bakobeta ye tonga ya BCG na loboko ya mwasi mpene na lipeka.]] == Mwana bapesaka ye mobateli ndenge nini? == Mbala mingi mwana nayo bakobeta ye tonga ya BCG na loboko ya mwasi mpene na lipeka. == Nkisi yango mpe ekoki kosala mabe? == Tango ozui tonga, mbala moko esika yango ekovimba. Wana elakisaka te babeti tonga ndenge ebongi. Sima ya mposo 2 kino 6 wuta kozua tonga, elembo ekomonana. Ekosua mpo na mikolo mike, kasi ebikaka noki soki okangi yango te. Ekoki kotika elembo moke. Tango mosusu mwana akozala na pota esika ya tonga. Soki wana ezali kobimisa mayi, kanga yango na elamba ekauki ti ekobanda kolakisa kobika. Kasi kokanga yango na sparadrap te. Pota yango ekoki kosala mwa sanza mpo ebanda kobika '''Soki epesi yo mawa na motema, to omoni lokola pota ezali kobakisama, kende epayi ya [[dokotolo]].''' == Mpona nini mwana na ngai azua mobateli ya BCG te? == Lokola na mibateli nyonso, tango mususu ebongi te kopesa mwana BCG. Tina yango oyo: * Soki mwana azali na nzoto ya moto ([[fievre]]) * Soki bazali kopesa ye nkisi ya [[kansele]] to nkisi nyonso oyo esukisaka makasi ya nzoto * Azali na [[Sida]], to * Azali kobela bisika mingi na loposo [[eczema]]. == Ebongi nayebaka nini lisusu? == Mwana nayo akoki kobanda nkisi ya mibateli ya [[diphtherie]], [[hemophilie]], [[grippe]], [[meningite]], [[pertuse]], paralyse na maladie ekotaka na pota [[tetanus]] soki azali na sanza 2 ekopekisa te kozua BCG. Kasi tala te bankisi misusu wana babeti ye te na loboko oyo babetaki ye na BCG kino sima ya sanza 3, soki te, esika yango ekoki kovimba. Mpe tiya sango ya kozua BCG na buku ya mwana <Personal Child Health Record (PCHR)> mpo esalisa na sima. == Bamboka oyo ezalaka na babeli mingi ya TB == Bamboka oyo tokoma na nse ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB. Soki eyano na yo ya mituni na biso ezali 'oui' 'íyo', sala noki opesa mwana nayo azua BCG soki azui naino te. * Yo, bandeko nayo to tata ya mwana na yo awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Yo na mwana nayo bokokende kovanda koleka sanza moko to bokotambola mingi na mboka nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Nakati ya ndako nayo, to mpene nayo, azali moto oyo akozala mpene na mwana nayo na tango mingi, oyo azali na TB to azalaki na yango kala, to awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo to tangi? Kongo-Brazzaville Angola Burundi Centrafrique Kongo-Kinshasa Ruanda Uganda Gabon == Sango ya kobakisa == Mpo ozua basango misusu na ndenge ya komibatela, bandeko nayo na baninga buzua TB te, okokiko betela: * dokotolo nayo * midwife / femme sage (THIS IS ENGLISH/FRENCH, PLEASE TRANSLATE IF YOU CAN) * nurse / infirmière (THIS IS ENGLISH/FRENCH, PLEASE TRANSLATE IF YOU CAN) 6075 2005-09-01T16:45:48Z Bombo 12 '''Mobateli ya BCG''' ([[Bacillus Calmette-Guèrin]]) ezali na biloko oyo epesaka maladi ya [[tuberculose]] (TB) kasi basibalongoli makasi na yango. Lokola basibalongoli makasi na yango, ekoki kosala mabe lisusu te, kasi ekosalisa nzoto ya mwana ekolisa komibatela yango moko (immunite), mpo ata soki akutani na TB, akozua yango lisusu te. == Mpona nini mwana na ngai bapesa ye BCG? == Na [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]], lokola na bamboka misusu, BCG ([[Bacillus Calmette-Guèrin]]) bapesaka na bana baye bazali mpene ya bato oyo bakoki kozala na TB. Wana ezali mpo bana yango bavandaka bisika ya bato mingi ya TB, ezala baboti to bankoko bauti bisika bato mingi babelaka TB. Na mokuse mbala mingi bana oyo bavandaka na cite ya masikini. Mobateli yango bapesaka na tango mwana abotami kasi bakopesaka mpe na tango nyonso oyo ebongi. [[Image:Flu Vaccine.jpg|thumb|right|Mbala mingi mwana nayo bakobeta ye tonga ya BCG na loboko ya mwasi mpene na lipeka.]] == Mwana bapesaka ye mobateli ndenge nini? == Mbala mingi mwana nayo bakobeta ye tonga ya BCG na loboko ya mwasi mpene na lipeka. == Nkisi yango mpe ekoki kosala mabe? == Tango ozui tonga, mbala moko esika yango ekovimba. Wana elakisaka te babeti tonga ndenge ebongi. Sima ya mposo 2 kino 6 wuta kozua tonga, elembo ekomonana. Ekosua mpo na mikolo mike, kasi ebikaka noki soki okangi yango te. Ekoki kotika elembo moke. Tango mosusu mwana akozala na pota esika ya tonga. Soki wana ezali kobimisa mayi, kanga yango na elamba ekauki ti ekobanda kolakisa kobika. Kasi kokanga yango na sparadrap te. Pota yango ekoki kosala mwa sanza mpo ebanda kobika '''Soki epesi yo mawa na motema, to omoni lokola pota ezali kobakisama, kende epayi ya [[dokotolo]].''' == Mpona nini mwana na ngai azua mobateli ya BCG te? == Lokola na mibateli nyonso, tango mususu ebongi te kopesa mwana BCG. Tina yango oyo: * Soki mwana azali na nzoto ya moto ([[fievre]]) * Soki bazali kopesa ye nkisi ya [[kansele]] to nkisi nyonso oyo esukisaka makasi ya nzoto * Azali na [[Sida]], to * Azali kobela bisika mingi na loposo [[eczema]]. == Ebongi nayebaka nini lisusu? == Mwana nayo akoki kobanda nkisi ya mibateli ya [[diphtherie]], [[hemophilie]], [[grippe]], [[meningite]], [[pertuse]], paralyse na maladie ekotaka na pota [[tetanus]] soki azali na sanza 2 ekopekisa te kozua BCG. Kasi tala te bankisi misusu wana babeti ye te na loboko oyo babetaki ye na BCG kino sima ya sanza 3, soki te, esika yango ekoki kovimba. Mpe tiya sango ya kozua BCG na buku ya mwana <Personal Child Health Record (PCHR)> mpo esalisa na sima. == Bamboka oyo ezalaka na babeli mingi ya TB == Bamboka oyo tokoma na nse ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB. Soki eyano na yo ya mituni na biso ezali 'oui' 'íyo', sala noki opesa mwana nayo azua BCG soki azui naino te. * Yo, bandeko nayo to tata ya mwana na yo awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Yo na mwana nayo bokokende kovanda koleka sanza moko to bokotambola mingi na mboka nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Nakati ya ndako nayo, to mpene nayo, azali moto oyo akozala mpene na mwana nayo na tango mingi, oyo azali na TB to azalaki na yango kala, to awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo to tangi? Kongo-Brazzaville Angola Burundi Centrafrique Kongo-Kinshasa Ruanda Uganda Gabon == Sango ya kobakisa == Mpo ozua basango misusu na ndenge ya komibatela, bandeko nayo na baninga buzua TB te, okokiko betela: * dokotolo nayo * midwife / femme sage (THIS IS ENGLISH/FRENCH, PLEASE TRANSLATE IF YOU CAN) * nurse / infirmière (THIS IS ENGLISH/FRENCH, PLEASE TRANSLATE IF YOU CAN) 6077 2005-09-01T17:09:46Z Bombo 12 /* Bamboka oyo ezalaka na babeli mingi ya TB */ '''Mobateli ya BCG''' ([[Bacillus Calmette-Guèrin]]) ezali na biloko oyo epesaka maladi ya [[tuberculose]] (TB) kasi basibalongoli makasi na yango. Lokola basibalongoli makasi na yango, ekoki kosala mabe lisusu te, kasi ekosalisa nzoto ya mwana ekolisa komibatela yango moko (immunite), mpo ata soki akutani na TB, akozua yango lisusu te. == Mpona nini mwana na ngai bapesa ye BCG? == Na [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]], lokola na bamboka misusu, BCG ([[Bacillus Calmette-Guèrin]]) bapesaka na bana baye bazali mpene ya bato oyo bakoki kozala na TB. Wana ezali mpo bana yango bavandaka bisika ya bato mingi ya TB, ezala baboti to bankoko bauti bisika bato mingi babelaka TB. Na mokuse mbala mingi bana oyo bavandaka na cite ya masikini. Mobateli yango bapesaka na tango mwana abotami kasi bakopesaka mpe na tango nyonso oyo ebongi. [[Image:Flu Vaccine.jpg|thumb|right|Mbala mingi mwana nayo bakobeta ye tonga ya BCG na loboko ya mwasi mpene na lipeka.]] == Mwana bapesaka ye mobateli ndenge nini? == Mbala mingi mwana nayo bakobeta ye tonga ya BCG na loboko ya mwasi mpene na lipeka. == Nkisi yango mpe ekoki kosala mabe? == Tango ozui tonga, mbala moko esika yango ekovimba. Wana elakisaka te babeti tonga ndenge ebongi. Sima ya mposo 2 kino 6 wuta kozua tonga, elembo ekomonana. Ekosua mpo na mikolo mike, kasi ebikaka noki soki okangi yango te. Ekoki kotika elembo moke. Tango mosusu mwana akozala na pota esika ya tonga. Soki wana ezali kobimisa mayi, kanga yango na elamba ekauki ti ekobanda kolakisa kobika. Kasi kokanga yango na sparadrap te. Pota yango ekoki kosala mwa sanza mpo ebanda kobika '''Soki epesi yo mawa na motema, to omoni lokola pota ezali kobakisama, kende epayi ya [[dokotolo]].''' == Mpona nini mwana na ngai azua mobateli ya BCG te? == Lokola na mibateli nyonso, tango mususu ebongi te kopesa mwana BCG. Tina yango oyo: * Soki mwana azali na nzoto ya moto ([[fievre]]) * Soki bazali kopesa ye nkisi ya [[kansele]] to nkisi nyonso oyo esukisaka makasi ya nzoto * Azali na [[Sida]], to * Azali kobela bisika mingi na loposo [[eczema]]. == Ebongi nayebaka nini lisusu? == Mwana nayo akoki kobanda nkisi ya mibateli ya [[diphtherie]], [[hemophilie]], [[grippe]], [[meningite]], [[pertuse]], paralyse na maladie ekotaka na pota [[tetanus]] soki azali na sanza 2 ekopekisa te kozua BCG. Kasi tala te bankisi misusu wana babeti ye te na loboko oyo babetaki ye na BCG kino sima ya sanza 3, soki te, esika yango ekoki kovimba. Mpe tiya sango ya kozua BCG na buku ya mwana <Personal Child Health Record (PCHR)> mpo esalisa na sima. == Bamboka oyo ezalaka na babeli mingi ya TB == Bamboka oyo tokoma na nse ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB. Soki eyano na yo ya mituni na biso ezali 'oui' 'íyo', sala noki opesa mwana nayo azua BCG soki azui naino te. * Yo, bandeko nayo to tata ya mwana na yo awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Yo na mwana nayo bokokende kovanda koleka sanza moko to bokotambola mingi na mboka nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Nakati ya ndako nayo, to mpene nayo, azali moto oyo akozala mpene na mwana nayo na tango mingi, oyo azali na TB to azalaki na yango kala, to awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo to tangi? [[Aljeria]] [[Kamerun]] [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] [[Afganistani]] [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] (Maroc) [[Kenya]] [[Sénégal]] [[Djibuti]] [[Angóla]] [[Komori]] [[Seyshel]] [[India]] [[Bê Afríka]] ([[Santrafríka]]) [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] [[Sidafrika]] [[Omani]] [[Bénin]] [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Sierra Leone]] [[Botswana]] [[Kotdivuar]] (Cote d'ivoire) [[Somalie]] [[Burkina Faso]] [[Liberia]] [[Swaziland]] [[Burundi]] [[Libîya]] [[Tshad]] [[Ejipti]] [[Malawi]] [[Togo]] [[Ekwateli]] [[Mali]] [[Tunisia]] [[Elitré]] [[Moritani]] [[Uganda]] [[Etiopi]] [[Mozambiki]] [[Zambia]] [[Gabon]] [[Namibia]] [[Zimbabwe]] [[Gambia]] [[Niger]] [[Ghana]] [[Nijeria]] [[Gine]] [[Rwanda]] [[Gine-Bisau]] - [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] (Mambénga) [[San Salvador (esé)|San Salvador]] == Sango ya kobakisa == Mpo ozua basango misusu na ndenge ya komibatela, bandeko nayo na baninga buzua TB te, okokiko betela: * dokotolo nayo * midwife / femme sage (THIS IS ENGLISH/FRENCH, PLEASE TRANSLATE IF YOU CAN) * nurse / infirmière (THIS IS ENGLISH/FRENCH, PLEASE TRANSLATE IF YOU CAN) 6078 2005-09-01T17:22:48Z 160.85.2.50 /* Bamboka oyo ezalaka na babeli mingi ya TB */ '''Mobateli ya BCG''' ([[Bacillus Calmette-Guèrin]]) ezali na biloko oyo epesaka maladi ya [[tuberculose]] (TB) kasi basibalongoli makasi na yango. Lokola basibalongoli makasi na yango, ekoki kosala mabe lisusu te, kasi ekosalisa nzoto ya mwana ekolisa komibatela yango moko (immunite), mpo ata soki akutani na TB, akozua yango lisusu te. == Mpona nini mwana na ngai bapesa ye BCG? == Na [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]], lokola na bamboka misusu, BCG ([[Bacillus Calmette-Guèrin]]) bapesaka na bana baye bazali mpene ya bato oyo bakoki kozala na TB. Wana ezali mpo bana yango bavandaka bisika ya bato mingi ya TB, ezala baboti to bankoko bauti bisika bato mingi babelaka TB. Na mokuse mbala mingi bana oyo bavandaka na cite ya masikini. Mobateli yango bapesaka na tango mwana abotami kasi bakopesaka mpe na tango nyonso oyo ebongi. [[Image:Flu Vaccine.jpg|thumb|right|Mbala mingi mwana nayo bakobeta ye tonga ya BCG na loboko ya mwasi mpene na lipeka.]] == Mwana bapesaka ye mobateli ndenge nini? == Mbala mingi mwana nayo bakobeta ye tonga ya BCG na loboko ya mwasi mpene na lipeka. == Nkisi yango mpe ekoki kosala mabe? == Tango ozui tonga, mbala moko esika yango ekovimba. Wana elakisaka te babeti tonga ndenge ebongi. Sima ya mposo 2 kino 6 wuta kozua tonga, elembo ekomonana. Ekosua mpo na mikolo mike, kasi ebikaka noki soki okangi yango te. Ekoki kotika elembo moke. Tango mosusu mwana akozala na pota esika ya tonga. Soki wana ezali kobimisa mayi, kanga yango na elamba ekauki ti ekobanda kolakisa kobika. Kasi kokanga yango na sparadrap te. Pota yango ekoki kosala mwa sanza mpo ebanda kobika '''Soki epesi yo mawa na motema, to omoni lokola pota ezali kobakisama, kende epayi ya [[dokotolo]].''' == Mpona nini mwana na ngai azua mobateli ya BCG te? == Lokola na mibateli nyonso, tango mususu ebongi te kopesa mwana BCG. Tina yango oyo: * Soki mwana azali na nzoto ya moto ([[fievre]]) * Soki bazali kopesa ye nkisi ya [[kansele]] to nkisi nyonso oyo esukisaka makasi ya nzoto * Azali na [[Sida]], to * Azali kobela bisika mingi na loposo [[eczema]]. == Ebongi nayebaka nini lisusu? == Mwana nayo akoki kobanda nkisi ya mibateli ya [[diphtherie]], [[hemophilie]], [[grippe]], [[meningite]], [[pertuse]], paralyse na maladie ekotaka na pota [[tetanus]] soki azali na sanza 2 ekopekisa te kozua BCG. Kasi tala te bankisi misusu wana babeti ye te na loboko oyo babetaki ye na BCG kino sima ya sanza 3, soki te, esika yango ekoki kovimba. Mpe tiya sango ya kozua BCG na buku ya mwana <Personal Child Health Record (PCHR)> mpo esalisa na sima. == Bamboka oyo ezalaka na babeli mingi ya TB == Bamboka oyo tokoma na nse ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB. Soki eyano na yo ya mituni na biso ezali 'oui' 'íyo', sala noki opesa mwana nayo azua BCG soki azui naino te. * Yo, bandeko nayo to tata ya mwana na yo awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Yo na mwana nayo bokokende kovanda koleka sanza moko to bokotambola mingi na mboka nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Nakati ya ndako nayo, to mpene nayo, azali moto oyo akozala mpene na mwana nayo na tango mingi, oyo azali na TB to azalaki na yango kala, to awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo to tangi? [[Aljeria]] [[Kamerun]] [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] [[Afganistani]] [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] (Maroc) [[Kenya]] [[Sénégal]] [[Djibuti]] [[Angóla]] [[Komori]] [[Seyshel]] [[India]] [[Bê Afríka]] ([[Santrafríka]]) [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] [[Sidafrika]] [[Omani]] [[Bénin]] [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Sierra Leone]] [[Botswana]] [[Kotdivuar]] (Cote d'Ivoire) [[Somalie]] [[Burkina Faso]] [[Liberia]] [[Swaziland]] [[Burundi]] [[Libîya]] [[Tshad]] [[Ejipti]] [[Malawi]] [[Togo]] [[Ekwateli]] [[Mali]] [[Tunisia]] [[Elitré]] [[Moritani]] [[Uganda]] [[Etiopi]] [[Mozambiki]] [[Zambia]] [[Gabon]] [[Namibia]] [[Zimbabwe]] [[Gambia]] [[Niger]] [[Ghana]] [[Nijeria]] [[Gine]] [[Rwanda]] [[Gine-Bisau]] [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] (Mambénga) [[San Salvador (esé)|San Salvador]] == Sango ya kobakisa == Mpo ozua basango misusu na ndenge ya komibatela, bandeko nayo na baninga buzua TB te, okokiko betela: * dokotolo nayo * midwife / femme sage (THIS IS ENGLISH/FRENCH, PLEASE TRANSLATE IF YOU CAN) * nurse / infirmière (THIS IS ENGLISH/FRENCH, PLEASE TRANSLATE IF YOU CAN) 6451 2005-10-10T15:11:08Z 160.85.2.50 cat [[Category:Maladi]] '''Mobateli ya BCG''' ([[Bacillus Calmette-Guèrin]]) ezali na biloko oyo epesaka maladi ya [[tuberculose]] (TB) kasi basibalongoli makasi na yango. Lokola basibalongoli makasi na yango, ekoki kosala mabe lisusu te, kasi ekosalisa nzoto ya mwana ekolisa komibatela yango moko (immunite), mpo ata soki akutani na TB, akozua yango lisusu te. == Mpona nini mwana na ngai bapesa ye BCG? == Na [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]], lokola na bamboka misusu, BCG ([[Bacillus Calmette-Guèrin]]) bapesaka na bana baye bazali mpene ya bato oyo bakoki kozala na TB. Wana ezali mpo bana yango bavandaka bisika ya bato mingi ya TB, ezala baboti to bankoko bauti bisika bato mingi babelaka TB. Na mokuse mbala mingi bana oyo bavandaka na cite ya masikini. Mobateli yango bapesaka na tango mwana abotami kasi bakopesaka mpe na tango nyonso oyo ebongi. [[Image:Flu Vaccine.jpg|thumb|right|Mbala mingi mwana nayo bakobeta ye tonga ya BCG na loboko ya mwasi mpene na lipeka.]] == Mwana bapesaka ye mobateli ndenge nini? == Mbala mingi mwana nayo bakobeta ye tonga ya BCG na loboko ya mwasi mpene na lipeka. == Nkisi yango mpe ekoki kosala mabe? == Tango ozui tonga, mbala moko esika yango ekovimba. Wana elakisaka te babeti tonga ndenge ebongi. Sima ya mposo 2 kino 6 wuta kozua tonga, elembo ekomonana. Ekosua mpo na mikolo mike, kasi ebikaka noki soki okangi yango te. Ekoki kotika elembo moke. Tango mosusu mwana akozala na pota esika ya tonga. Soki wana ezali kobimisa mayi, kanga yango na elamba ekauki ti ekobanda kolakisa kobika. Kasi kokanga yango na sparadrap te. Pota yango ekoki kosala mwa sanza mpo ebanda kobika '''Soki epesi yo mawa na motema, to omoni lokola pota ezali kobakisama, kende epayi ya [[dokotolo]].''' == Mpona nini mwana na ngai azua mobateli ya BCG te? == Lokola na mibateli nyonso, tango mususu ebongi te kopesa mwana BCG. Tina yango oyo: * Soki mwana azali na nzoto ya moto ([[fievre]]) * Soki bazali kopesa ye nkisi ya [[kansele]] to nkisi nyonso oyo esukisaka makasi ya nzoto * Azali na [[Sida]], to * Azali kobela bisika mingi na loposo [[eczema]]. == Ebongi nayebaka nini lisusu? == Mwana nayo akoki kobanda nkisi ya mibateli ya [[diphtherie]], [[hemophilie]], [[grippe]], [[meningite]], [[pertuse]], paralyse na maladie ekotaka na pota [[tetanus]] soki azali na sanza 2 ekopekisa te kozua BCG. Kasi tala te bankisi misusu wana babeti ye te na loboko oyo babetaki ye na BCG kino sima ya sanza 3, soki te, esika yango ekoki kovimba. Mpe tiya sango ya kozua BCG na buku ya mwana <Personal Child Health Record (PCHR)> mpo esalisa na sima. == Bamboka oyo ezalaka na babeli mingi ya TB == Bamboka oyo tokoma na nse ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB. Soki eyano na yo ya mituni na biso ezali 'oui' 'íyo', sala noki opesa mwana nayo azua BCG soki azui naino te. * Yo, bandeko nayo to tata ya mwana na yo awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Yo na mwana nayo bokokende kovanda koleka sanza moko to bokotambola mingi na mboka nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Nakati ya ndako nayo, to mpene nayo, azali moto oyo akozala mpene na mwana nayo na tango mingi, oyo azali na TB to azalaki na yango kala, to awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo to tangi? [[Aljeria]] [[Kamerun]] [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] [[Afganistani]] [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] (Maroc) [[Kenya]] [[Sénégal]] [[Djibuti]] [[Angóla]] [[Komori]] [[Seyshel]] [[India]] [[Bê Afríka]] ([[Santrafríka]]) [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] [[Sidafrika]] [[Omani]] [[Bénin]] [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Sierra Leone]] [[Botswana]] [[Kotdivuar]] (Cote d'Ivoire) [[Somalie]] [[Burkina Faso]] [[Liberia]] [[Swaziland]] [[Burundi]] [[Libîya]] [[Tshad]] [[Ejipti]] [[Malawi]] [[Togo]] [[Ekwateli]] [[Mali]] [[Tunisia]] [[Elitré]] [[Moritani]] [[Uganda]] [[Etiopi]] [[Mozambiki]] [[Zambia]] [[Gabon]] [[Namibia]] [[Zimbabwe]] [[Gambia]] [[Niger]] [[Ghana]] [[Nijeria]] [[Gine]] [[Rwanda]] [[Gine-Bisau]] [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] (Mambénga) [[San Salvador (esé)|San Salvador]] == Sango ya kobakisa == Mpo ozua basango misusu na ndenge ya komibatela, bandeko nayo na baninga buzua TB te, okokiko betela: * dokotolo nayo * midwife / femme sage (THIS IS ENGLISH/FRENCH, PLEASE TRANSLATE IF YOU CAN) * nurse / infirmière (THIS IS ENGLISH/FRENCH, PLEASE TRANSLATE IF YOU CAN) 7819 2006-03-10T16:34:00Z Bombo 12 è>é [[Category:Maladi]] '''Mobateli ya BCG''' ([[Bacillus Calmette-Guérin]]) ezali na biloko oyo epesaka maladi ya [[tuberculose]] (TB) kasi basibalongoli makasi na yango. Lokola basibalongoli makasi na yango, ekoki kosala mabe lisusu te, kasi ekosalisa nzoto ya mwana ekolisa komibatela yango moko (immunite), mpo ata soki akutani na TB, akozua yango lisusu te. == Mpona nini mwana na ngai bapesa ye Bacillus Calmette-Guérin? == Na [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]], lokola na bamboka misusu, BCG ([[Bacillus Calmette-Guérin]]) bapesaka na bana baye bazali mpene ya bato oyo bakoki kozala na TB. Wana ezali mpo bana yango bavandaka bisika ya bato mingi ya TB, ezala baboti to bankoko bauti bisika bato mingi babelaka TB. Na mokuse mbala mingi bana oyo bavandaka na cite ya masikini. Mobateli yango bapesaka na tango mwana abotami kasi bakopesaka mpe na tango nyonso oyo ebongi. [[Image:Flu Vaccine.jpg|thumb|right|Mbala mingi mwana nayo bakobeta ye tonga ya BCG na loboko ya mwasi mpene na lipeka.]] == Mwana bapesaka ye mobateli ndenge nini? == Mbala mingi mwana nayo bakobeta ye tonga ya BCG na loboko ya mwasi mpene na lipeka. == Nkisi yango mpe ekoki kosala mabe? == Tango ozui tonga, mbala moko esika yango ekovimba. Wana elakisaka te babeti tonga ndenge ebongi. Sima ya mposo 2 kino 6 wuta kozua tonga, elembo ekomonana. Ekosua mpo na mikolo mike, kasi ebikaka noki soki okangi yango te. Ekoki kotika elembo moke. Tango mosusu mwana akozala na pota esika ya tonga. Soki wana ezali kobimisa mayi, kanga yango na elamba ekauki ti ekobanda kolakisa kobika. Kasi kokanga yango na sparadrap te. Pota yango ekoki kosala mwa sanza mpo ebanda kobika '''Soki epesi yo mawa na motema, to omoni lokola pota ezali kobakisama, kende epayi ya [[dokotolo]].''' == Mpona nini mwana na ngai azua mobateli ya BCG te? == Lokola na mibateli nyonso, tango mususu ebongi te kopesa mwana BCG. Tina yango oyo: * Soki mwana azali na nzoto ya moto ([[fievre]]) * Soki bazali kopesa ye nkisi ya [[kansele]] to nkisi nyonso oyo esukisaka makasi ya nzoto * Azali na [[Sida]], to * Azali kobela bisika mingi na loposo [[eczema]]. == Ebongi nayebaka nini lisusu? == Mwana nayo akoki kobanda nkisi ya mibateli ya [[diphtherie]], [[hemophilie]], [[grippe]], [[meningite]], [[pertuse]], paralyse na maladie ekotaka na pota [[tetanus]] soki azali na sanza 2 ekopekisa te kozua BCG. Kasi tala te bankisi misusu wana babeti ye te na loboko oyo babetaki ye na BCG kino sima ya sanza 3, soki te, esika yango ekoki kovimba. Mpe tiya sango ya kozua BCG na buku ya mwana <Personal Child Health Record (PCHR)> mpo esalisa na sima. == Bamboka oyo ezalaka na babeli mingi ya TB == Bamboka oyo tokoma na nse ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB. Soki eyano na yo ya mituni na biso ezali 'oui' 'íyo', sala noki opesa mwana nayo azua BCG soki azui naino te. * Yo, bandeko nayo to tata ya mwana na yo awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Yo na mwana nayo bokokende kovanda koleka sanza moko to bokotambola mingi na mboka nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Nakati ya ndako nayo, to mpene nayo, azali moto oyo akozala mpene na mwana nayo na tango mingi, oyo azali na TB to azalaki na yango kala, to awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo to tangi? [[Aljeria]] [[Kamerun]] [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] [[Afganistani]] [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] (Maroc) [[Kenya]] [[Sénégal]] [[Djibuti]] [[Angóla]] [[Komori]] [[Seyshel]] [[India]] [[Bê Afríka]] ([[Santrafríka]]) [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] [[Sidafrika]] [[Omani]] [[Bénin]] [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Sierra Leone]] [[Botswana]] [[Kotdivuar]] (Cote d'Ivoire) [[Somalie]] [[Burkina Faso]] [[Liberia]] [[Swaziland]] [[Burundi]] [[Libîya]] [[Tshad]] [[Ejipti]] [[Malawi]] [[Togo]] [[Ekwateli]] [[Mali]] [[Tunisia]] [[Elitré]] [[Moritani]] [[Uganda]] [[Etiopi]] [[Mozambiki]] [[Zambia]] [[Gabon]] [[Namibia]] [[Zimbabwe]] [[Gambia]] [[Niger]] [[Ghana]] [[Nijeria]] [[Gine]] [[Rwanda]] [[Gine-Bisau]] [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] (Mambénga) [[San Salvador (esé)|San Salvador]] == Sango ya kobakisa == Mpo ozua basango misusu na ndenge ya komibatela, bandeko nayo na baninga buzua TB te, okokiko betela: * dokotolo nayo * midwife / femme sage (THIS IS ENGLISH/FRENCH, PLEASE TRANSLATE IF YOU CAN) * nurse / infirmière (THIS IS ENGLISH/FRENCH, PLEASE TRANSLATE IF YOU CAN) 7829 2006-03-10T16:50:09Z Bombo 12 /* Mpona nini mwana na ngai azua mobateli ya BCG te? */ Fɛ́fɛlɛ [[Category:Maladi]] '''Mobateli ya BCG''' ([[Bacillus Calmette-Guérin]]) ezali na biloko oyo epesaka maladi ya [[tuberculose]] (TB) kasi basibalongoli makasi na yango. Lokola basibalongoli makasi na yango, ekoki kosala mabe lisusu te, kasi ekosalisa nzoto ya mwana ekolisa komibatela yango moko (immunite), mpo ata soki akutani na TB, akozua yango lisusu te. == Mpona nini mwana na ngai bapesa ye Bacillus Calmette-Guérin? == Na [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]], lokola na bamboka misusu, BCG ([[Bacillus Calmette-Guérin]]) bapesaka na bana baye bazali mpene ya bato oyo bakoki kozala na TB. Wana ezali mpo bana yango bavandaka bisika ya bato mingi ya TB, ezala baboti to bankoko bauti bisika bato mingi babelaka TB. Na mokuse mbala mingi bana oyo bavandaka na cite ya masikini. Mobateli yango bapesaka na tango mwana abotami kasi bakopesaka mpe na tango nyonso oyo ebongi. [[Image:Flu Vaccine.jpg|thumb|right|Mbala mingi mwana nayo bakobeta ye tonga ya BCG na loboko ya mwasi mpene na lipeka.]] == Mwana bapesaka ye mobateli ndenge nini? == Mbala mingi mwana nayo bakobeta ye tonga ya BCG na loboko ya mwasi mpene na lipeka. == Nkisi yango mpe ekoki kosala mabe? == Tango ozui tonga, mbala moko esika yango ekovimba. Wana elakisaka te babeti tonga ndenge ebongi. Sima ya mposo 2 kino 6 wuta kozua tonga, elembo ekomonana. Ekosua mpo na mikolo mike, kasi ebikaka noki soki okangi yango te. Ekoki kotika elembo moke. Tango mosusu mwana akozala na pota esika ya tonga. Soki wana ezali kobimisa mayi, kanga yango na elamba ekauki ti ekobanda kolakisa kobika. Kasi kokanga yango na sparadrap te. Pota yango ekoki kosala mwa sanza mpo ebanda kobika '''Soki epesi yo mawa na motema, to omoni lokola pota ezali kobakisama, kende epayi ya [[dokotolo]].''' == Mpona nini mwana na ngai azua mobateli ya BCG te? == Lokola na mibateli nyonso, tango mususu ebongi te kopesa mwana BCG. Tina yango oyo: * Soki mwana azali na nzoto ya moto ([[fɛ́fɛlɛ]]) * Soki bazali kopesa ye nkisi ya [[kansele]] to nkisi nyonso oyo esukisaka makasi ya nzoto * Azali na [[Sida]], to * Azali kobela bisika mingi na loposo [[eczema]]. == Ebongi nayebaka nini lisusu? == Mwana nayo akoki kobanda nkisi ya mibateli ya [[diphtherie]], [[hemophilie]], [[grippe]], [[meningite]], [[pertuse]], paralyse na maladie ekotaka na pota [[tetanus]] soki azali na sanza 2 ekopekisa te kozua BCG. Kasi tala te bankisi misusu wana babeti ye te na loboko oyo babetaki ye na BCG kino sima ya sanza 3, soki te, esika yango ekoki kovimba. Mpe tiya sango ya kozua BCG na buku ya mwana <Personal Child Health Record (PCHR)> mpo esalisa na sima. == Bamboka oyo ezalaka na babeli mingi ya TB == Bamboka oyo tokoma na nse ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB. Soki eyano na yo ya mituni na biso ezali 'oui' 'íyo', sala noki opesa mwana nayo azua BCG soki azui naino te. * Yo, bandeko nayo to tata ya mwana na yo awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Yo na mwana nayo bokokende kovanda koleka sanza moko to bokotambola mingi na mboka nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Nakati ya ndako nayo, to mpene nayo, azali moto oyo akozala mpene na mwana nayo na tango mingi, oyo azali na TB to azalaki na yango kala, to awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo to tangi? [[Aljeria]] [[Kamerun]] [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] [[Afganistani]] [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] (Maroc) [[Kenya]] [[Sénégal]] [[Djibuti]] [[Angóla]] [[Komori]] [[Seyshel]] [[India]] [[Bê Afríka]] ([[Santrafríka]]) [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] [[Sidafrika]] [[Omani]] [[Bénin]] [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Sierra Leone]] [[Botswana]] [[Kotdivuar]] (Cote d'Ivoire) [[Somalie]] [[Burkina Faso]] [[Liberia]] [[Swaziland]] [[Burundi]] [[Libîya]] [[Tshad]] [[Ejipti]] [[Malawi]] [[Togo]] [[Ekwateli]] [[Mali]] [[Tunisia]] [[Elitré]] [[Moritani]] [[Uganda]] [[Etiopi]] [[Mozambiki]] [[Zambia]] [[Gabon]] [[Namibia]] [[Zimbabwe]] [[Gambia]] [[Niger]] [[Ghana]] [[Nijeria]] [[Gine]] [[Rwanda]] [[Gine-Bisau]] [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] (Mambénga) [[San Salvador (esé)|San Salvador]] == Sango ya kobakisa == Mpo ozua basango misusu na ndenge ya komibatela, bandeko nayo na baninga buzua TB te, okokiko betela: * dokotolo nayo * midwife / femme sage (THIS IS ENGLISH/FRENCH, PLEASE TRANSLATE IF YOU CAN) * nurse / infirmière (THIS IS ENGLISH/FRENCH, PLEASE TRANSLATE IF YOU CAN) 7832 2006-03-10T17:10:00Z Bombo 12 [[Category:Maladi]] '''Bacillus Calmette-Guérin''' (BCG) na mwana nayo. Buku oyo ezali likolo ya nkisi ya Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, mobateli bapesaka mpo mwana nayo azua [[tuberculose]] (TB) te. '''Mobateli ya Bacillus Calmette-Guérin''' ezali na biloko oyo epesaka maladi ya [[tuberculose]] (TB) kasi basibalongoli makasi na yango. Lokola basibalongoli makasi na yango, ekoki kosala mabe lisusu te, kasi ekosalisa nzoto ya mwana ekolisa komibatela yango moko (immunite), mpo ata soki akutani na TB, akozua yango lisusu te. == Mpona nini mwana na ngai bapesa ye Bacillus Calmette-Guérin? == Na [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]], lokola na bamboka misusu, BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) bapesaka na bana baye bazali mpene ya bato oyo bakoki kozala na TB. Wana ezali mpo bana yango bavandaka bisika ya bato mingi ya TB, ezala baboti to bankoko bauti bisika bato mingi babelaka TB. Na mokuse mbala mingi bana oyo bavandaka na cite ya masikini. Mobateli yango bapesaka na tango mwana abotami kasi bakopesaka mpe na tango nyonso oyo ebongi. [[Image:Flu Vaccine.jpg|thumb|right|Mbala mingi mwana nayo bakobeta ye tonga ya BCG na loboko ya mwasi mpene na lipeka.]] == Mwana bapesaka ye mobateli ndenge nini? == Mbala mingi mwana nayo bakobeta ye tonga ya BCG na loboko ya mwasi mpene na lipeka. == Nkisi yango mpe ekoki kosala mabe? == Tango ozui tonga, mbala moko esika yango ekovimba. Wana elakisaka te babeti tonga ndenge ebongi. Sima ya mposo 2 kino 6 wuta kozua tonga, elembo ekomonana. Ekosua mpo na mikolo mike, kasi ebikaka noki soki okangi yango te. Ekoki kotika elembo moke. Tango mosusu mwana akozala na pota esika ya tonga. Soki wana ezali kobimisa mayi, kanga yango na elamba ekauki ti ekobanda kolakisa kobika. Kasi kokanga yango na sparadrap te. Pota yango ekoki kosala mwa sanza mpo ebanda kobika '''Soki epesi yo mawa na motema, to omoni lokola pota ezali kobakisama, kende epayi ya [[dokotolo]].''' == Mpona nini mwana na ngai azua mobateli ya BCG te? == Lokola na mibateli nyonso, tango mususu ebongi te kopesa mwana BCG. Tina yango oyo: * Soki mwana azali na nzoto ya moto ([[fɛ́fɛlɛ]]) * Soki bazali kopesa ye nkisi ya [[kansele]] to nkisi nyonso oyo esukisaka makasi ya nzoto * Azali na [[Sida]], to * Azali kobela bisika mingi na loposo [[eczema]]. == Ebongi nayebaka nini lisusu? == Mwana nayo akoki kobanda nkisi ya mibateli ya [[diphtherie]], [[hemophilie]], [[grippe]], [[meningite]], [[pertuse]], paralyse na maladie ekotaka na pota [[tetanus]] soki azali na sanza 2 ekopekisa te kozua BCG. Kasi tala te bankisi misusu wana babeti ye te na loboko oyo babetaki ye na BCG kino sima ya sanza 3, soki te, esika yango ekoki kovimba. Mpe tiya sango ya kozua BCG na buku ya mwana <Personal Child Health Record (PCHR)> mpo esalisa na sima. == Bamboka oyo ezalaka na babeli mingi ya TB == Bamboka oyo tokoma na nse ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB. Soki eyano na yo ya mituni na biso ezali 'oui' 'íyo', sala noki opesa mwana nayo azua BCG soki azui naino te. * Yo, bandeko nayo to tata ya mwana na yo awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Yo na mwana nayo bokokende kovanda koleka sanza moko to bokotambola mingi na mboka nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Nakati ya ndako nayo, to mpene nayo, azali moto oyo akozala mpene na mwana nayo na tango mingi, oyo azali na TB to azalaki na yango kala, to awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo to tangi? [[Aljeria]] [[Kamerun]] [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] [[Afganistani]] [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] (Maroc) [[Kenya]] [[Sénégal]] [[Djibuti]] [[Angóla]] [[Komori]] [[Seyshel]] [[India]] [[Bê Afríka]] ([[Santrafríka]]) [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] [[Sidafrika]] [[Omani]] [[Bénin]] [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Sierra Leone]] [[Botswana]] [[Kotdivuar]] (Cote d'Ivoire) [[Somalie]] [[Burkina Faso]] [[Liberia]] [[Swaziland]] [[Burundi]] [[Libîya]] [[Tshad]] [[Ejipti]] [[Malawi]] [[Togo]] [[Ekwateli]] [[Mali]] [[Tunisia]] [[Elitré]] [[Moritani]] [[Uganda]] [[Etiopi]] [[Mozambiki]] [[Zambia]] [[Gabon]] [[Namibia]] [[Zimbabwe]] [[Gambia]] [[Niger]] [[Ghana]] [[Nijeria]] [[Gine]] [[Rwanda]] [[Gine-Bisau]] [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] (Mambénga) [[San Salvador (esé)|San Salvador]] == Sango ya kobakisa == Mpo ozua basango misusu na ndenge ya komibatela, bandeko nayo na baninga buzua TB te, okokiko betela: * dokotolo nayo * midwife / femme sage (THIS IS ENGLISH/FRENCH, PLEASE TRANSLATE IF YOU CAN) * nurse / infirmière (THIS IS ENGLISH/FRENCH, PLEASE TRANSLATE IF YOU CAN) [[de:Bacillus Calmette-Guérin]] [[es:BCG]] [[fr:Bacille de Calmette et Guérin]] [[nl:BCG-vaccin]] [[ja:BCG]] [[pl:BCG]] [[fi:BCG-rokote]] [[zh:卡介苗]] 7837 2006-03-10T17:19:39Z Bombo 12 [[Mobateli ya BCG]] moved to [[Bacillus Calmette-Guérin]]: les deux articles réunis [[Category:Maladi]] '''Bacillus Calmette-Guérin''' (BCG) na mwana nayo. Buku oyo ezali likolo ya nkisi ya Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, mobateli bapesaka mpo mwana nayo azua [[tuberculose]] (TB) te. '''Mobateli ya Bacillus Calmette-Guérin''' ezali na biloko oyo epesaka maladi ya [[tuberculose]] (TB) kasi basibalongoli makasi na yango. Lokola basibalongoli makasi na yango, ekoki kosala mabe lisusu te, kasi ekosalisa nzoto ya mwana ekolisa komibatela yango moko (immunite), mpo ata soki akutani na TB, akozua yango lisusu te. == Mpona nini mwana na ngai bapesa ye Bacillus Calmette-Guérin? == Na [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]], lokola na bamboka misusu, BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) bapesaka na bana baye bazali mpene ya bato oyo bakoki kozala na TB. Wana ezali mpo bana yango bavandaka bisika ya bato mingi ya TB, ezala baboti to bankoko bauti bisika bato mingi babelaka TB. Na mokuse mbala mingi bana oyo bavandaka na cite ya masikini. Mobateli yango bapesaka na tango mwana abotami kasi bakopesaka mpe na tango nyonso oyo ebongi. [[Image:Flu Vaccine.jpg|thumb|right|Mbala mingi mwana nayo bakobeta ye tonga ya BCG na loboko ya mwasi mpene na lipeka.]] == Mwana bapesaka ye mobateli ndenge nini? == Mbala mingi mwana nayo bakobeta ye tonga ya BCG na loboko ya mwasi mpene na lipeka. == Nkisi yango mpe ekoki kosala mabe? == Tango ozui tonga, mbala moko esika yango ekovimba. Wana elakisaka te babeti tonga ndenge ebongi. Sima ya mposo 2 kino 6 wuta kozua tonga, elembo ekomonana. Ekosua mpo na mikolo mike, kasi ebikaka noki soki okangi yango te. Ekoki kotika elembo moke. Tango mosusu mwana akozala na pota esika ya tonga. Soki wana ezali kobimisa mayi, kanga yango na elamba ekauki ti ekobanda kolakisa kobika. Kasi kokanga yango na sparadrap te. Pota yango ekoki kosala mwa sanza mpo ebanda kobika '''Soki epesi yo mawa na motema, to omoni lokola pota ezali kobakisama, kende epayi ya [[dokotolo]].''' == Mpona nini mwana na ngai azua mobateli ya BCG te? == Lokola na mibateli nyonso, tango mususu ebongi te kopesa mwana BCG. Tina yango oyo: * Soki mwana azali na nzoto ya moto ([[fɛ́fɛlɛ]]) * Soki bazali kopesa ye nkisi ya [[kansele]] to nkisi nyonso oyo esukisaka makasi ya nzoto * Azali na [[Sida]], to * Azali kobela bisika mingi na loposo [[eczema]]. == Ebongi nayebaka nini lisusu? == Mwana nayo akoki kobanda nkisi ya mibateli ya [[diphtherie]], [[hemophilie]], [[grippe]], [[meningite]], [[pertuse]], paralyse na maladie ekotaka na pota [[tetanus]] soki azali na sanza 2 ekopekisa te kozua BCG. Kasi tala te bankisi misusu wana babeti ye te na loboko oyo babetaki ye na BCG kino sima ya sanza 3, soki te, esika yango ekoki kovimba. Mpe tiya sango ya kozua BCG na buku ya mwana <Personal Child Health Record (PCHR)> mpo esalisa na sima. == Bamboka oyo ezalaka na babeli mingi ya TB == Bamboka oyo tokoma na nse ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB. Soki eyano na yo ya mituni na biso ezali 'oui' 'íyo', sala noki opesa mwana nayo azua BCG soki azui naino te. * Yo, bandeko nayo to tata ya mwana na yo awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Yo na mwana nayo bokokende kovanda koleka sanza moko to bokotambola mingi na mboka nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Nakati ya ndako nayo, to mpene nayo, azali moto oyo akozala mpene na mwana nayo na tango mingi, oyo azali na TB to azalaki na yango kala, to awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo to tangi? [[Aljeria]] [[Kamerun]] [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] [[Afganistani]] [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] (Maroc) [[Kenya]] [[Sénégal]] [[Djibuti]] [[Angóla]] [[Komori]] [[Seyshel]] [[India]] [[Bê Afríka]] ([[Santrafríka]]) [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] [[Sidafrika]] [[Omani]] [[Bénin]] [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Sierra Leone]] [[Botswana]] [[Kotdivuar]] (Cote d'Ivoire) [[Somalie]] [[Burkina Faso]] [[Liberia]] [[Swaziland]] [[Burundi]] [[Libîya]] [[Tshad]] [[Ejipti]] [[Malawi]] [[Togo]] [[Ekwateli]] [[Mali]] [[Tunisia]] [[Elitré]] [[Moritani]] [[Uganda]] [[Etiopi]] [[Mozambiki]] [[Zambia]] [[Gabon]] [[Namibia]] [[Zimbabwe]] [[Gambia]] [[Niger]] [[Ghana]] [[Nijeria]] [[Gine]] [[Rwanda]] [[Gine-Bisau]] [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] (Mambénga) [[San Salvador (esé)|San Salvador]] == Sango ya kobakisa == Mpo ozua basango misusu na ndenge ya komibatela, bandeko nayo na baninga buzua TB te, okokiko betela: * dokotolo nayo * midwife / femme sage (THIS IS ENGLISH/FRENCH, PLEASE TRANSLATE IF YOU CAN) * nurse / infirmière (THIS IS ENGLISH/FRENCH, PLEASE TRANSLATE IF YOU CAN) [[de:Bacillus Calmette-Guérin]] [[es:BCG]] [[fr:Bacille de Calmette et Guérin]] [[nl:BCG-vaccin]] [[ja:BCG]] [[pl:BCG]] [[fi:BCG-rokote]] [[zh:卡介苗]] 7864 2006-03-27T03:10:33Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: en [[Category:Maladi]] '''Bacillus Calmette-Guérin''' (BCG) na mwana nayo. Buku oyo ezali likolo ya nkisi ya Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, mobateli bapesaka mpo mwana nayo azua [[tuberculose]] (TB) te. '''Mobateli ya Bacillus Calmette-Guérin''' ezali na biloko oyo epesaka maladi ya [[tuberculose]] (TB) kasi basibalongoli makasi na yango. Lokola basibalongoli makasi na yango, ekoki kosala mabe lisusu te, kasi ekosalisa nzoto ya mwana ekolisa komibatela yango moko (immunite), mpo ata soki akutani na TB, akozua yango lisusu te. == Mpona nini mwana na ngai bapesa ye Bacillus Calmette-Guérin? == Na [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]], lokola na bamboka misusu, BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) bapesaka na bana baye bazali mpene ya bato oyo bakoki kozala na TB. Wana ezali mpo bana yango bavandaka bisika ya bato mingi ya TB, ezala baboti to bankoko bauti bisika bato mingi babelaka TB. Na mokuse mbala mingi bana oyo bavandaka na cite ya masikini. Mobateli yango bapesaka na tango mwana abotami kasi bakopesaka mpe na tango nyonso oyo ebongi. [[Image:Flu Vaccine.jpg|thumb|right|Mbala mingi mwana nayo bakobeta ye tonga ya BCG na loboko ya mwasi mpene na lipeka.]] == Mwana bapesaka ye mobateli ndenge nini? == Mbala mingi mwana nayo bakobeta ye tonga ya BCG na loboko ya mwasi mpene na lipeka. == Nkisi yango mpe ekoki kosala mabe? == Tango ozui tonga, mbala moko esika yango ekovimba. Wana elakisaka te babeti tonga ndenge ebongi. Sima ya mposo 2 kino 6 wuta kozua tonga, elembo ekomonana. Ekosua mpo na mikolo mike, kasi ebikaka noki soki okangi yango te. Ekoki kotika elembo moke. Tango mosusu mwana akozala na pota esika ya tonga. Soki wana ezali kobimisa mayi, kanga yango na elamba ekauki ti ekobanda kolakisa kobika. Kasi kokanga yango na sparadrap te. Pota yango ekoki kosala mwa sanza mpo ebanda kobika '''Soki epesi yo mawa na motema, to omoni lokola pota ezali kobakisama, kende epayi ya [[dokotolo]].''' == Mpona nini mwana na ngai azua mobateli ya BCG te? == Lokola na mibateli nyonso, tango mususu ebongi te kopesa mwana BCG. Tina yango oyo: * Soki mwana azali na nzoto ya moto ([[fɛ́fɛlɛ]]) * Soki bazali kopesa ye nkisi ya [[kansele]] to nkisi nyonso oyo esukisaka makasi ya nzoto * Azali na [[Sida]], to * Azali kobela bisika mingi na loposo [[eczema]]. == Ebongi nayebaka nini lisusu? == Mwana nayo akoki kobanda nkisi ya mibateli ya [[diphtherie]], [[hemophilie]], [[grippe]], [[meningite]], [[pertuse]], paralyse na maladie ekotaka na pota [[tetanus]] soki azali na sanza 2 ekopekisa te kozua BCG. Kasi tala te bankisi misusu wana babeti ye te na loboko oyo babetaki ye na BCG kino sima ya sanza 3, soki te, esika yango ekoki kovimba. Mpe tiya sango ya kozua BCG na buku ya mwana <Personal Child Health Record (PCHR)> mpo esalisa na sima. == Bamboka oyo ezalaka na babeli mingi ya TB == Bamboka oyo tokoma na nse ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB. Soki eyano na yo ya mituni na biso ezali 'oui' 'íyo', sala noki opesa mwana nayo azua BCG soki azui naino te. * Yo, bandeko nayo to tata ya mwana na yo awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Yo na mwana nayo bokokende kovanda koleka sanza moko to bokotambola mingi na mboka nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Nakati ya ndako nayo, to mpene nayo, azali moto oyo akozala mpene na mwana nayo na tango mingi, oyo azali na TB to azalaki na yango kala, to awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo to tangi? [[Aljeria]] [[Kamerun]] [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] [[Afganistani]] [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] (Maroc) [[Kenya]] [[Sénégal]] [[Djibuti]] [[Angóla]] [[Komori]] [[Seyshel]] [[India]] [[Bê Afríka]] ([[Santrafríka]]) [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] [[Sidafrika]] [[Omani]] [[Bénin]] [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Sierra Leone]] [[Botswana]] [[Kotdivuar]] (Cote d'Ivoire) [[Somalie]] [[Burkina Faso]] [[Liberia]] [[Swaziland]] [[Burundi]] [[Libîya]] [[Tshad]] [[Ejipti]] [[Malawi]] [[Togo]] [[Ekwateli]] [[Mali]] [[Tunisia]] [[Elitré]] [[Moritani]] [[Uganda]] [[Etiopi]] [[Mozambiki]] [[Zambia]] [[Gabon]] [[Namibia]] [[Zimbabwe]] [[Gambia]] [[Niger]] [[Ghana]] [[Nijeria]] [[Gine]] [[Rwanda]] [[Gine-Bisau]] [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] (Mambénga) [[San Salvador (esé)|San Salvador]] == Sango ya kobakisa == Mpo ozua basango misusu na ndenge ya komibatela, bandeko nayo na baninga buzua TB te, okokiko betela: * dokotolo nayo * midwife / femme sage (THIS IS ENGLISH/FRENCH, PLEASE TRANSLATE IF YOU CAN) * nurse / infirmière (THIS IS ENGLISH/FRENCH, PLEASE TRANSLATE IF YOU CAN) [[de:Bacillus Calmette-Guérin]] [[en:Bacillus Calmette-Guérin]] [[es:BCG]] [[fi:BCG-rokote]] [[fr:Bacille de Calmette et Guérin]] [[ja:BCG]] [[nl:BCG-vaccin]] [[pl:BCG]] [[zh:卡介苗]] 8997 2006-08-02T05:27:41Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: [[pt:BCG]] [[Category:Maladi]] '''Bacillus Calmette-Guérin''' (BCG) na mwana nayo. Buku oyo ezali likolo ya nkisi ya Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, mobateli bapesaka mpo mwana nayo azua [[tuberculose]] (TB) te. '''Mobateli ya Bacillus Calmette-Guérin''' ezali na biloko oyo epesaka maladi ya [[tuberculose]] (TB) kasi basibalongoli makasi na yango. Lokola basibalongoli makasi na yango, ekoki kosala mabe lisusu te, kasi ekosalisa nzoto ya mwana ekolisa komibatela yango moko (immunite), mpo ata soki akutani na TB, akozua yango lisusu te. == Mpona nini mwana na ngai bapesa ye Bacillus Calmette-Guérin? == Na [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]], lokola na bamboka misusu, BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) bapesaka na bana baye bazali mpene ya bato oyo bakoki kozala na TB. Wana ezali mpo bana yango bavandaka bisika ya bato mingi ya TB, ezala baboti to bankoko bauti bisika bato mingi babelaka TB. Na mokuse mbala mingi bana oyo bavandaka na cite ya masikini. Mobateli yango bapesaka na tango mwana abotami kasi bakopesaka mpe na tango nyonso oyo ebongi. [[Image:Flu Vaccine.jpg|thumb|right|Mbala mingi mwana nayo bakobeta ye tonga ya BCG na loboko ya mwasi mpene na lipeka.]] == Mwana bapesaka ye mobateli ndenge nini? == Mbala mingi mwana nayo bakobeta ye tonga ya BCG na loboko ya mwasi mpene na lipeka. == Nkisi yango mpe ekoki kosala mabe? == Tango ozui tonga, mbala moko esika yango ekovimba. Wana elakisaka te babeti tonga ndenge ebongi. Sima ya mposo 2 kino 6 wuta kozua tonga, elembo ekomonana. Ekosua mpo na mikolo mike, kasi ebikaka noki soki okangi yango te. Ekoki kotika elembo moke. Tango mosusu mwana akozala na pota esika ya tonga. Soki wana ezali kobimisa mayi, kanga yango na elamba ekauki ti ekobanda kolakisa kobika. Kasi kokanga yango na sparadrap te. Pota yango ekoki kosala mwa sanza mpo ebanda kobika '''Soki epesi yo mawa na motema, to omoni lokola pota ezali kobakisama, kende epayi ya [[dokotolo]].''' == Mpona nini mwana na ngai azua mobateli ya BCG te? == Lokola na mibateli nyonso, tango mususu ebongi te kopesa mwana BCG. Tina yango oyo: * Soki mwana azali na nzoto ya moto ([[fɛ́fɛlɛ]]) * Soki bazali kopesa ye nkisi ya [[kansele]] to nkisi nyonso oyo esukisaka makasi ya nzoto * Azali na [[Sida]], to * Azali kobela bisika mingi na loposo [[eczema]]. == Ebongi nayebaka nini lisusu? == Mwana nayo akoki kobanda nkisi ya mibateli ya [[diphtherie]], [[hemophilie]], [[grippe]], [[meningite]], [[pertuse]], paralyse na maladie ekotaka na pota [[tetanus]] soki azali na sanza 2 ekopekisa te kozua BCG. Kasi tala te bankisi misusu wana babeti ye te na loboko oyo babetaki ye na BCG kino sima ya sanza 3, soki te, esika yango ekoki kovimba. Mpe tiya sango ya kozua BCG na buku ya mwana <Personal Child Health Record (PCHR)> mpo esalisa na sima. == Bamboka oyo ezalaka na babeli mingi ya TB == Bamboka oyo tokoma na nse ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB. Soki eyano na yo ya mituni na biso ezali 'oui' 'íyo', sala noki opesa mwana nayo azua BCG soki azui naino te. * Yo, bandeko nayo to tata ya mwana na yo awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Yo na mwana nayo bokokende kovanda koleka sanza moko to bokotambola mingi na mboka nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Nakati ya ndako nayo, to mpene nayo, azali moto oyo akozala mpene na mwana nayo na tango mingi, oyo azali na TB to azalaki na yango kala, to awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo to tangi? [[Aljeria]] [[Kamerun]] [[Sǎo Tomé na Principe]] [[Afganistani]] [[Al Mamlaká al-Maghribiya]] (Maroc) [[Kenya]] [[Sénégal]] [[Djibuti]] [[Angóla]] [[Komori]] [[Seyshel]] [[India]] [[Bê Afríka]] ([[Santrafríka]]) [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] [[Sidafrika]] [[Omani]] [[Bénin]] [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Sierra Leone]] [[Botswana]] [[Kotdivuar]] (Cote d'Ivoire) [[Somalie]] [[Burkina Faso]] [[Liberia]] [[Swaziland]] [[Burundi]] [[Libîya]] [[Tshad]] [[Ejipti]] [[Malawi]] [[Togo]] [[Ekwateli]] [[Mali]] [[Tunisia]] [[Elitré]] [[Moritani]] [[Uganda]] [[Etiopi]] [[Mozambiki]] [[Zambia]] [[Gabon]] [[Namibia]] [[Zimbabwe]] [[Gambia]] [[Niger]] [[Ghana]] [[Nijeria]] [[Gine]] [[Rwanda]] [[Gine-Bisau]] [[Gine-Ekwatoliáli]] (Mambénga) [[San Salvador (esé)|San Salvador]] == Sango ya kobakisa == Mpo ozua basango misusu na ndenge ya komibatela, bandeko nayo na baninga buzua TB te, okokiko betela: * dokotolo nayo * midwife / femme sage (THIS IS ENGLISH/FRENCH, PLEASE TRANSLATE IF YOU CAN) * nurse / infirmière (THIS IS ENGLISH/FRENCH, PLEASE TRANSLATE IF YOU CAN) [[de:Bacillus Calmette-Guérin]] [[en:Bacillus Calmette-Guérin]] [[es:BCG]] [[fi:BCG-rokote]] [[fr:Bacille de Calmette et Guérin]] [[ja:BCG]] [[nl:BCG-vaccin]] [[pl:BCG]] [[pt:BCG]] [[zh:卡介苗]] Tuberculose 1779 6059 2005-09-01T15:40:14Z Bombo 12 == Tuberculose ezali nini? == '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezali maladie ya mabe oyo ekoki kovimbisa nakati ya moto ya mwana, na Angle ''TB meningitis'' . Mpona bato bakolo, mbala mingi ebebisaka esika ya kopomola, kasi ekoki kobebisa mpe mikua, nakati ya moto to bisika misusu. Awa na mboka na biso, bato mingi baye bazuaka TB babikaka, kasi esengi sanza mingi mpo babika. == Tuberculose moto azuaka ndenge nini? == Nzela oyo monene ya kozua TB nde ewutaka na moto oyo azali na yango na nzoto naye, oyo azali kokolola. Soki akololi abimisaka maladie nakati ya soyi. Soki moto ozui soyi yango na tango ya kopomola, wana okoki kozua TB. Soyi yango ekoki kovanda na mopepe na tango molayi kasi wana mbala mingi epesaka maladie te. Nzela oyo monene ezali kaka soki ozalaka mpene mpe mpona tango molayi na moto oyo azali na yango. == Tuberculose ezalaka bisika mingi? == Nakati ya UK na bambula ya 1950, batu koleka 50,000 bazalaki kozua TB na mbula moko. Mikolo oyo ezongi ti batu 7,000 baye bazuaka na mbula moko, kasi soki okokisi yango na bambula ya 1990, tango wana ezalaki bato 5,500. Yango okomona te ezali komata lisusu. Wana omoni te kozua TB ezali noki te, kasi ebongi ozala ekenge na ndenge ya koyeba yango mpo, na mokili mobimba TB ezali bisika mingi. Lokola batu mingi batambolaka na mokili, bango bakoki kozua yango mpe bakotisi yango na mboka na biso. == Tuberculose emonanaka ndenge nini? == Tuberculose ekoki kobebisa esika nyonso ya nzoto, ndenge wana, ndenge ekomonana na mwana ekeseni na oyo ya moto mokolo. Lokola tuberculose ewutaka na bato, malamu oyebaka moto oyo azali na yango. Malamu omona dokotolo soki mwana na yo to ndeko alakisaka biloko oyo tokomi na nse: * [[Kokolola]] mpona koleka mposo misatu * [[Fievre]] * Kotoko na mbutu * [[Kokondo]] * Kolemba nzoto noki * Kokolola [[makila]] == Mpona nini mwana na ngai bapesa ye BCG? == Na UK, lokola na bamboka misusu, [[Mobateli ya BCG|BCG]] bapesaka na bana baye bazali mpene ya bato oyo bakoki kozala na TB. Wana ezali mpo bana yango bavandaka bisika ya bato mingi ya TB, ezala baboti to bankoko bauti bisika bato mingi babelaka TB. Na mokuse mbala mingi bana oyo bavandaka na cite ya masikini. Mobateli yango bapesaka na tango mwana abotami kasi bakopesaka mpe na tango nyonso oyo ebongi. == Bamboka oyo ezalaka na babeli mingi ya Tuberculose == Bamboka oyo tokoma na nse ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB. Soki eyano na yo ya mituni na biso ezali 'oui' 'íyo', sala noki opesa mwana nayo azua [[Mobateli ya BCG|BCG]] soki azui naino te. * Yo, bandeko nayo to tata ya mwana na yo awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Yo na mwana nayo bokokende kovanda koleka sanza moko to bokotambola mingi na mboka nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Nakati ya ndako nayo, to mpene nayo, azali moto oyo akozala mpene na mwana nayo na tango mingi, oyo azali na TB to azalaki na yango kala, to awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo to tangi? 6060 2005-09-01T15:42:55Z Bombo 12 '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezali maladie oyo ebebisaka esika ya kopomola nakati ya tolo, kasi ekoki mpe kobebisa bisika misusu na nzoto. Na bambula 150 oyo eleki na UK, moto moko na kati ya bato 8 oyo bazalaki kokufa ezalaki mpo ya TB. Kasi na bambula ya 1980, maladie yango emonanaki mingi lisusu te, mpoya bato kozala na ndako ya malamu, koliya malamu mpe koyeba noki na kotiya pembeni baye bazali kobela mpo bazua lobiko noki. Kasi TB esili naino libela te. Ya soolo, TB ezali maladie enyokoloko mingi mokili mikolo oyo. Mbula oyo eleki batu mingi bakufaki na TB-8,000 na mokolo moko- koleka na bambula nyonso oyo esieleki. Na bambula 20 oyo eleki, TB ebandi komata malembemalembe na UK. Sikoyo bato 7,000 bazuaka yango na mbula moko – wana koloba moto moko na kati ya bato 10,000 na mboka mobimba. Buku oyo eyebisaka likolo ya maladie yango, ndenge ya koyeba yango, lobiko na yango, mpe elakisaka ndenge ezali na mboka na biso na kokokisa yango na ndenge ezalaka na mokili mobimba. Buku oyo mpe ezui batoli ya sika mpoya mopekisi ya BCG na UK, mpe babuku misusu na sango oyo nyonso ekosalisa koyeba makambo ya maladi yango na bawebsite. == Tuberculose ezali nini? == '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezali maladie ya mabe oyo ekoki kovimbisa nakati ya moto ya mwana, na Angle ''TB meningitis'' . Mpona bato bakolo, mbala mingi ebebisaka esika ya kopomola, kasi ekoki kobebisa mpe mikua, nakati ya moto to bisika misusu. Awa na mboka na biso, bato mingi baye bazuaka TB babikaka, kasi esengi sanza mingi mpo babika. == Tuberculose moto azuaka ndenge nini? == Nzela oyo monene ya kozua TB nde ewutaka na moto oyo azali na yango na nzoto naye, oyo azali kokolola. Soki akololi abimisaka maladie nakati ya soyi. Soki moto ozui soyi yango na tango ya kopomola, wana okoki kozua TB. Soyi yango ekoki kovanda na mopepe na tango molayi kasi wana mbala mingi epesaka maladie te. Nzela oyo monene ezali kaka soki ozalaka mpene mpe mpona tango molayi na moto oyo azali na yango. == Tuberculose ezalaka bisika mingi? == Nakati ya UK na bambula ya 1950, batu koleka 50,000 bazalaki kozua TB na mbula moko. Mikolo oyo ezongi ti batu 7,000 baye bazuaka na mbula moko, kasi soki okokisi yango na bambula ya 1990, tango wana ezalaki bato 5,500. Yango okomona te ezali komata lisusu. Wana omoni te kozua TB ezali noki te, kasi ebongi ozala ekenge na ndenge ya koyeba yango mpo, na mokili mobimba TB ezali bisika mingi. Lokola batu mingi batambolaka na mokili, bango bakoki kozua yango mpe bakotisi yango na mboka na biso. == Tuberculose emonanaka ndenge nini? == Tuberculose ekoki kobebisa esika nyonso ya nzoto, ndenge wana, ndenge ekomonana na mwana ekeseni na oyo ya moto mokolo. Lokola tuberculose ewutaka na bato, malamu oyebaka moto oyo azali na yango. Malamu omona dokotolo soki mwana na yo to ndeko alakisaka biloko oyo tokomi na nse: * [[Kokolola]] mpona koleka mposo misatu * [[Fievre]] * Kotoko na mbutu * [[Kokondo]] * Kolemba nzoto noki * Kokolola [[makila]] == Mpona nini mwana na ngai bapesa ye BCG? == Na UK, lokola na bamboka misusu, [[Mobateli ya BCG|BCG]] bapesaka na bana baye bazali mpene ya bato oyo bakoki kozala na TB. Wana ezali mpo bana yango bavandaka bisika ya bato mingi ya TB, ezala baboti to bankoko bauti bisika bato mingi babelaka TB. Na mokuse mbala mingi bana oyo bavandaka na cite ya masikini. Mobateli yango bapesaka na tango mwana abotami kasi bakopesaka mpe na tango nyonso oyo ebongi. == Bamboka oyo ezalaka na babeli mingi ya Tuberculose == Bamboka oyo tokoma na nse ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB. Soki eyano na yo ya mituni na biso ezali 'oui' 'íyo', sala noki opesa mwana nayo azua [[Mobateli ya BCG|BCG]] soki azui naino te. * Yo, bandeko nayo to tata ya mwana na yo awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Yo na mwana nayo bokokende kovanda koleka sanza moko to bokotambola mingi na mboka nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Nakati ya ndako nayo, to mpene nayo, azali moto oyo akozala mpene na mwana nayo na tango mingi, oyo azali na TB to azalaki na yango kala, to awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo to tangi? 6061 2005-09-01T15:45:32Z Bombo 12 /* Tuberculose ezali nini? */ '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezali maladie oyo ebebisaka esika ya kopomola nakati ya tolo, kasi ekoki mpe kobebisa bisika misusu na nzoto. Na bambula 150 oyo eleki na UK, moto moko na kati ya bato 8 oyo bazalaki kokufa ezalaki mpo ya TB. Kasi na bambula ya 1980, maladie yango emonanaki mingi lisusu te, mpoya bato kozala na ndako ya malamu, koliya malamu mpe koyeba noki na kotiya pembeni baye bazali kobela mpo bazua lobiko noki. Kasi TB esili naino libela te. Ya soolo, TB ezali maladie enyokoloko mingi mokili mikolo oyo. Mbula oyo eleki batu mingi bakufaki na TB-8,000 na mokolo moko- koleka na bambula nyonso oyo esieleki. Na bambula 20 oyo eleki, TB ebandi komata malembemalembe na UK. Sikoyo bato 7,000 bazuaka yango na mbula moko – wana koloba moto moko na kati ya bato 10,000 na mboka mobimba. Buku oyo eyebisaka likolo ya maladie yango, ndenge ya koyeba yango, lobiko na yango, mpe elakisaka ndenge ezali na mboka na biso na kokokisa yango na ndenge ezalaka na mokili mobimba. Buku oyo mpe ezui batoli ya sika mpoya mopekisi ya BCG na UK, mpe babuku misusu na sango oyo nyonso ekosalisa koyeba makambo ya maladi yango na bawebsite. == Tuberculose ezali nini? == '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezali maladie ya mabe oyo ekoki kovimbisa nakati ya moto ya mwana, na Angle ''TB meningitis'' . Mpona bato bakolo, mbala mingi ebebisaka esika ya kopomola, kasi ekoki kobebisa mpe mikua, nakati ya moto to bisika misusu. Awa na mboka na biso, bato mingi baye bazuaka TB babikaka, kasi esengi sanza mingi mpo babika. TB ezali maladie ya makasi, kasi ebikaka, ewutaka na 'Mycobacterium Tuberculosis' tuberculosis to M. Tb na mokuse). Mbala mingi ekotaka na tolo esika ya kopumola Angle 'pulmonary TB') kasi ekoki mpe kokota bisika misusu na nzoto lokola nakati kingo, mikua to biloko na libumu. Ekoki mpe kopesa meningite. Maladie mosusu, M. bovis, ekokani na TB kasi yango ezuaka banyama, mbala mingi gombe ('bovine TB'). M. bovis mpe ekoki kozua moto lokola kala, tango bato bayebaki naino te ndenge ya kobatela mabele <pasteurisation> to koluka TB na gombe. == Tuberculose moto azuaka ndenge nini? == Nzela oyo monene ya kozua TB nde ewutaka na moto oyo azali na yango na nzoto naye, oyo azali kokolola. Soki akololi abimisaka maladie nakati ya soyi. Soki moto ozui soyi yango na tango ya kopomola, wana okoki kozua TB. Soyi yango ekoki kovanda na mopepe na tango molayi kasi wana mbala mingi epesaka maladie te. Nzela oyo monene ezali kaka soki ozalaka mpene mpe mpona tango molayi na moto oyo azali na yango. == Tuberculose ezalaka bisika mingi? == Nakati ya UK na bambula ya 1950, batu koleka 50,000 bazalaki kozua TB na mbula moko. Mikolo oyo ezongi ti batu 7,000 baye bazuaka na mbula moko, kasi soki okokisi yango na bambula ya 1990, tango wana ezalaki bato 5,500. Yango okomona te ezali komata lisusu. Wana omoni te kozua TB ezali noki te, kasi ebongi ozala ekenge na ndenge ya koyeba yango mpo, na mokili mobimba TB ezali bisika mingi. Lokola batu mingi batambolaka na mokili, bango bakoki kozua yango mpe bakotisi yango na mboka na biso. == Tuberculose emonanaka ndenge nini? == Tuberculose ekoki kobebisa esika nyonso ya nzoto, ndenge wana, ndenge ekomonana na mwana ekeseni na oyo ya moto mokolo. Lokola tuberculose ewutaka na bato, malamu oyebaka moto oyo azali na yango. Malamu omona dokotolo soki mwana na yo to ndeko alakisaka biloko oyo tokomi na nse: * [[Kokolola]] mpona koleka mposo misatu * [[Fievre]] * Kotoko na mbutu * [[Kokondo]] * Kolemba nzoto noki * Kokolola [[makila]] == Mpona nini mwana na ngai bapesa ye BCG? == Na UK, lokola na bamboka misusu, [[Mobateli ya BCG|BCG]] bapesaka na bana baye bazali mpene ya bato oyo bakoki kozala na TB. Wana ezali mpo bana yango bavandaka bisika ya bato mingi ya TB, ezala baboti to bankoko bauti bisika bato mingi babelaka TB. Na mokuse mbala mingi bana oyo bavandaka na cite ya masikini. Mobateli yango bapesaka na tango mwana abotami kasi bakopesaka mpe na tango nyonso oyo ebongi. == Bamboka oyo ezalaka na babeli mingi ya Tuberculose == Bamboka oyo tokoma na nse ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB. Soki eyano na yo ya mituni na biso ezali 'oui' 'íyo', sala noki opesa mwana nayo azua [[Mobateli ya BCG|BCG]] soki azui naino te. * Yo, bandeko nayo to tata ya mwana na yo awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Yo na mwana nayo bokokende kovanda koleka sanza moko to bokotambola mingi na mboka nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Nakati ya ndako nayo, to mpene nayo, azali moto oyo akozala mpene na mwana nayo na tango mingi, oyo azali na TB to azalaki na yango kala, to awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo to tangi? 6062 2005-09-01T16:00:59Z Bombo 12 /* Bamboka oyo ezalaka na babeli mingi ya Tuberculose */ '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezali maladie oyo ebebisaka esika ya kopomola nakati ya tolo, kasi ekoki mpe kobebisa bisika misusu na nzoto. Na bambula 150 oyo eleki na UK, moto moko na kati ya bato 8 oyo bazalaki kokufa ezalaki mpo ya TB. Kasi na bambula ya 1980, maladie yango emonanaki mingi lisusu te, mpoya bato kozala na ndako ya malamu, koliya malamu mpe koyeba noki na kotiya pembeni baye bazali kobela mpo bazua lobiko noki. Kasi TB esili naino libela te. Ya soolo, TB ezali maladie enyokoloko mingi mokili mikolo oyo. Mbula oyo eleki batu mingi bakufaki na TB-8,000 na mokolo moko- koleka na bambula nyonso oyo esieleki. Na bambula 20 oyo eleki, TB ebandi komata malembemalembe na UK. Sikoyo bato 7,000 bazuaka yango na mbula moko – wana koloba moto moko na kati ya bato 10,000 na mboka mobimba. Buku oyo eyebisaka likolo ya maladie yango, ndenge ya koyeba yango, lobiko na yango, mpe elakisaka ndenge ezali na mboka na biso na kokokisa yango na ndenge ezalaka na mokili mobimba. Buku oyo mpe ezui batoli ya sika mpoya mopekisi ya BCG na UK, mpe babuku misusu na sango oyo nyonso ekosalisa koyeba makambo ya maladi yango na bawebsite. == Tuberculose ezali nini? == '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezali maladie ya mabe oyo ekoki kovimbisa nakati ya moto ya mwana, na Angle ''TB meningitis'' . Mpona bato bakolo, mbala mingi ebebisaka esika ya kopomola, kasi ekoki kobebisa mpe mikua, nakati ya moto to bisika misusu. Awa na mboka na biso, bato mingi baye bazuaka TB babikaka, kasi esengi sanza mingi mpo babika. TB ezali maladie ya makasi, kasi ebikaka, ewutaka na 'Mycobacterium Tuberculosis' tuberculosis to M. Tb na mokuse). Mbala mingi ekotaka na tolo esika ya kopumola Angle 'pulmonary TB') kasi ekoki mpe kokota bisika misusu na nzoto lokola nakati kingo, mikua to biloko na libumu. Ekoki mpe kopesa meningite. Maladie mosusu, M. bovis, ekokani na TB kasi yango ezuaka banyama, mbala mingi gombe ('bovine TB'). M. bovis mpe ekoki kozua moto lokola kala, tango bato bayebaki naino te ndenge ya kobatela mabele <pasteurisation> to koluka TB na gombe. == Tuberculose moto azuaka ndenge nini? == Nzela oyo monene ya kozua TB nde ewutaka na moto oyo azali na yango na nzoto naye, oyo azali kokolola. Soki akololi abimisaka maladie nakati ya soyi. Soki moto ozui soyi yango na tango ya kopomola, wana okoki kozua TB. Soyi yango ekoki kovanda na mopepe na tango molayi kasi wana mbala mingi epesaka maladie te. Nzela oyo monene ezali kaka soki ozalaka mpene mpe mpona tango molayi na moto oyo azali na yango. == Tuberculose ezalaka bisika mingi? == Nakati ya UK na bambula ya 1950, batu koleka 50,000 bazalaki kozua TB na mbula moko. Mikolo oyo ezongi ti batu 7,000 baye bazuaka na mbula moko, kasi soki okokisi yango na bambula ya 1990, tango wana ezalaki bato 5,500. Yango okomona te ezali komata lisusu. Wana omoni te kozua TB ezali noki te, kasi ebongi ozala ekenge na ndenge ya koyeba yango mpo, na mokili mobimba TB ezali bisika mingi. Lokola batu mingi batambolaka na mokili, bango bakoki kozua yango mpe bakotisi yango na mboka na biso. == Tuberculose emonanaka ndenge nini? == Tuberculose ekoki kobebisa esika nyonso ya nzoto, ndenge wana, ndenge ekomonana na mwana ekeseni na oyo ya moto mokolo. Lokola tuberculose ewutaka na bato, malamu oyebaka moto oyo azali na yango. Malamu omona dokotolo soki mwana na yo to ndeko alakisaka biloko oyo tokomi na nse: * [[Kokolola]] mpona koleka mposo misatu * [[Fievre]] * Kotoko na mbutu * [[Kokondo]] * Kolemba nzoto noki * Kokolola [[makila]] == Mpona nini mwana na ngai bapesa ye BCG? == Na UK, lokola na bamboka misusu, [[Mobateli ya BCG|BCG]] bapesaka na bana baye bazali mpene ya bato oyo bakoki kozala na TB. Wana ezali mpo bana yango bavandaka bisika ya bato mingi ya TB, ezala baboti to bankoko bauti bisika bato mingi babelaka TB. Na mokuse mbala mingi bana oyo bavandaka na cite ya masikini. Mobateli yango bapesaka na tango mwana abotami kasi bakopesaka mpe na tango nyonso oyo ebongi. == Bamboka oyo ezalaka na babeli mingi ya Tuberculose == Bamboka oyo tokoma na nse ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB. Soki eyano na yo ya mituni na biso ezali 'oui' 'íyo', sala noki opesa mwana nayo azua [[Mobateli ya BCG|BCG]] soki azui naino te. * Yo, bandeko nayo to tata ya mwana na yo awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Yo na mwana nayo bokokende kovanda koleka sanza moko to bokotambola mingi na mboka nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Nakati ya ndako nayo, to mpene nayo, azali moto oyo akozala mpene na mwana nayo na tango mingi, oyo azali na TB to azalaki na yango kala, to awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo to tangi? == Nzela nini ya koyeba Tuberculose? == Lokola TB ekotaka bisika mingi na nzoto, nzela ya komona yango mpe ezali ndenge na ndenge. TB oyo eyebani mingi nde ya kokolola <pulmonary TB>. Moto oyo azali na yango akolakisa: * kozanga mposa ya koliya na kokondo * kokolola oyo emataka makasi sima ya mposo mine na koleka to basenza * kobimisa soyi mingi; akoki mpe kokolola makila soki nzela ya makila epasuki * komiyoka nzoto elembi tango nyonso * kozala na fievre, mbala mingi na mbutu, oyo epesi kotoko mingi == TB epanzaka ndenge nini? == Nzela ya kopanza TB yango kaka moko: baye bazali na yango nakati ya tolo to na mongongo. Mayi oyo ebimaka na monoko na kokolola nakati ya mopepe nde ezali na maladie. Kasi oyeba te tango mosusu baoyo bazali na yango bakoki te kopanza yango. == Kozua TB ezalaka noki, to makasi? == Penza, ezalaka makasi moto azua TB, mpe esengi tango molayi to kokutana mbala mingi na moto oyo azali na yango, lokola kovanda na ndako moko. Ata ndenge wana, basusu, ata soki bazui TB, bango bakobelaka te. Bato mingi (toloba 9 na kati ya 10) baye bazali na nzoto kolongono, soki bazui yango bakobela te. Baye 10% batikali bakobela, kasi mbala mingi noki te, kasi na sima ata ya bambula 10 na koleka (Comstock, 1982). Wana esalamaka mpo maladie yango ekoki kovanda na nzoto ya moto lokola elali bambula mpe moto azali kobela te. Maladie ekolamuka na sima ya bambula, mbala mingi soki nzoto ezangi komibatela (immunite), lokola moto mobange, bankisi misusu, kobela lokola [[SIDA]] to kovanda na mizele. [ Mpona 10% baye bakobelaka TB, tango ya mabe ezalaka soki ekomi naino mbula mibale te banda bazui yango. Kati ya 1 na 5% ya baye bazui TB babelaka noki wuta bazui yango (Styblo et al., 1969; Sutherland et al., 1976; 1982). Wana babengaka yango kobela mbala moko, na Angle 'primary disease', mpe mbala mingi ezalaka na bana. 'Primary TB' mbala mingi ekoleka emonana te, mpe ekobika yango moko ata soki moto ameli nkisi te, kasi ekoki kozonga sima ya bambula. Ekotika elembo moke nakati ya tolo, na ndenge emonanaka na Rayon-X. == Kozua TB na kobela TB bikeseni? == Mpona bato mingi baoyo bakozua TB, [[mobateli|mibateli]] ya nzoto (immunite) ekobunda kino kosilisa to kokanga emata te. Ndenge wana maladie ekotikala kolala, kasi ezali naino na bomoyi, mpe ekobima lisusu na sima. Ya ndenge oyo babengaka 'latent TB infection'. Baye bazali na latent TB infection: * emonanaka te * bakoyoka kobela te * bakoki kopanza na basusu te * Mbala mingi soki bameki loposo, ekomonana te bazali na yango * Bakoki kobela TB na sima ya bambula Baye bazali kobela TB (‘active TB’) bakolakisaka biloko oyo tokomaki na 'Nzela nini ya koyeba TB'. == TB mabe na yango penza nini? == Soki babikisi te, TB, ata epayi ya bakolo, emataka malembe kino eyi koboma. Mabe mosusu ekopesa meningite. Nzela mosusu, soki babikisi te, nde kobimisa makila tango ya kokolola. TB ekokoma ndongo soki emeseni nkisi, mpo ndenge ya kobikisa ezalaka makasi. Nakati ya UK, TB, ebomaka bato 350 na mbula moko, mingi nakati ya bango mibange, kasi bana mpe bazalaka. Bisika bato bavandaka na bandako oyo ekoki te, na mokili mobimba, bato mingi bakufaka na TB koleka oyo ya UK. == TB bakoki kopekisa na mobateli <vaccination>? == Mobateli ezali ya BCG. Tango mosusu epekisaka TB te. Kasi esalisaka mpona bana baoyo bazali kobela meningite 'TB meningitis' (Rodrigues et al., 1993). Nakati ya UK, BCG tango ya kala bazalaki kopesa bana nyonso ya kelasi. Kasi lokola ndenge ya TB ebaluki, UK ekamati nzela ya kolanda bato moke baoyo bakozala na yango. Mobateli ya BCG ekeseni kolanda epayi okozala na UK, mpo TB ekozala mingi esika moko kasi ezali te esika mosusu. BCG bapesaka bana oyo bavandaka bisika ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB koleka bisika misusu, likolo ya oyo, bapesaka na bana babotami na mboka oyo ezali na bato mingi ya TB. Bapesaka mpe na bana kelasi ya mbula 10 kino 14 soki bazui BCG na kala te. == Soki olingi kokende na mboka mopaya ebongi ozua mobateli ya BCG? == Soki azuaki BCG kala te esengi moto azua yango soki alingi kotambola, kovanda to kosala mosala mpona sanza moko to koleka, na mboka oyo ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB (Immunisation against Infectious Disease, 1996). == Mobateli ya BCG ezali nini? == [[Mobateli]] ya [[Bacillus Calmette-Guèrin]] (BCG) ezali maladie ya TB oyo ezuaka gombe [[Mycobacterium bovis]]. Nakati ya BCG maladie ya TB ezalaka, kasi bakangi yango epesa kobela te. Kasi mpona baye bazangi mobateli ya nzoto, lokola bato ya [[SIDA]], mpona bango BCG ekoki kopesa maladie tango mosusu. BCG batiyaka yango na tonga ya moke na loposo. == Mpona nini, moto liboso ya kopesa ye BCG, ebongi bameka loposo naye? == Moto nyonso oyo azali na sanza 12 to koleka wana, bakomekaka loposo naye liboso ya kopesa ye [[mobateli ya BCG]]. Wana ezali mpona koyeba soki mobateli ya nzoto (immunite) emeseni na TB. Nzela ya koyeba nde kobeta tonga ya [[tuberculin]] – mayi ya proteine basali wuta na 'M. tuberculosis' – na kati ya loposo. Sima ya mikolo 2 - 10, na ndenge ya tonga yango, bakotala esika babeti yango. Soki esika babeti tonga evimbi mpe, ekomi lokola makila, wana elakisi te maladie ezali. Ndenge wana ebongi lisusu te bapesa moto BCG, mpo akozala asiazui TB to maladie mosusu ya ndenge wana. Soki nzoto naye elakisi kozala na maladie ya makasi, wana esengi bameka ye na nzela misusu koyeba soki penza asiazui to abandi kobela TB. Bana oyo bakokisi naino sanza 12 te, bango bazali na posa te ya komeka loposo, liboso ya kozua BCG. == Tuberculose babikisaka yango ndenge nini? == Mbala mingi TB ekoki kobika, kasi moto ebongi asilisa nkisi ya sanza 6 to koleka. Baye babelaka TB mbala mingi bakotaka na opital te. Ata soki bakoti, wana ekozala mpona koyeba soki penza bazali na maladie yango to mpo babanda kozua nkisi. Ata boye, bato ya TB esengi bazala mpene na efimiele ya tolo, tango nyonso ya kozua nkisi mpo bazua yango na ndenge ekoki, mpe soki likambo ya mabe ezali, basala noki moto atika te kozua nkisi. Nzela oyo tomeseni, ezali ya kozua nkisi 'antibiotics' misatu to mine mbala moko mpona sanza mibale, nde sima na yango nkisi mibale mpona sanza mine misusu. Nkisi mine minene ya TB ezali [[isoniazid]], [[rifampicin]], [[pyrazinamide]] na [[ethambutol]]. Eyaka elongo mpona kosalisa soki maladie emeseni nkisi moko, misusu ebunda. Ata boye, maladie ebandi komesana nkisi ya ndenge nyonso. Mbala mingi nkisi esalaka lisusu te mpo moto azalaki kozua yango na ndenge ekoki te, to azuaki yango na ndenge ya mabe to moto asilisaki te kozua nkisi (Conaty et al., 2004). Mikolo oyo batiyaka nkisi mibale to koleka na kati ya na komprime moko. Moto akomela komprime mine to koleka, mokolo moko. Tango mosusu esengi moto azua nkisi mikolo mingi, lokola maladie ya [[TB meningitis]], to soki maladie ebandi komesana na nkisi moko to mibale, wana esengi kobalula nkisi. Soki moto abandi nkisi mpona poso mibale, wana akoki lisusu kopanza TB te, mpe akobanda komiyoka malamu sima ya poso mine. Kasi esengi sanza motoba ya kozua nkisi mpo moto abika. == Tosala nini soki moto azalaka mpene na moto ya TB? == Tango bakuti moto azali na TB, dokotolo akotala soki baye bavandaka naye bakoki kozua yango. Soki emonani te moto akoki kopanza yango, to mwana azali na yango, kasi eyebani te azui yango wapi, wana baye bazalaka mpene naye bakobenga bango mpo bameka eyebana soki bango mpe bazali na yango. Bato wana bakozala bandeko to baye bavandaka na ndako moko. Tango mosusu baninga, lokola baye basalaka elongo, mpe bakobenga bango, kasi mbala mingi tina ya kosala yango ekozala te. Ezalaka mbala mingi te mwana apanza TB – kasi kobela na bango elakisaka te moto mokolo oyo azali kobela TB, azali mpene na mwana wana. Komeka mpona bandeko tina yango koyeba baye basi bazui TB to baye basi babandi kobela. Komeka basalaka na loposo to na Rayon-X. Na kati ya UK mbala mingi soki bameki loposo, elakisaka te moto asiazui maladie (loposo kovimbal mpe kozala lokola makila esika babetaki tonga), kasi wana ezali mpo bazuaki mobateli ya BCG. Soki loposo soolo ezali. Soki TB emonani, wana moto bamemi ye na dokotolo mpe bakopesa ye nkisi ya TB. 6063 2005-09-01T16:02:47Z Bombo 12 /* Tuberculose ezali nini? */ '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezali maladie oyo ebebisaka esika ya kopomola nakati ya tolo, kasi ekoki mpe kobebisa bisika misusu na nzoto. Na bambula 150 oyo eleki na UK, moto moko na kati ya bato 8 oyo bazalaki kokufa ezalaki mpo ya TB. Kasi na bambula ya 1980, maladie yango emonanaki mingi lisusu te, mpoya bato kozala na ndako ya malamu, koliya malamu mpe koyeba noki na kotiya pembeni baye bazali kobela mpo bazua lobiko noki. Kasi TB esili naino libela te. Ya soolo, TB ezali maladie enyokoloko mingi mokili mikolo oyo. Mbula oyo eleki batu mingi bakufaki na TB-8,000 na mokolo moko- koleka na bambula nyonso oyo esieleki. Na bambula 20 oyo eleki, TB ebandi komata malembemalembe na UK. Sikoyo bato 7,000 bazuaka yango na mbula moko – wana koloba moto moko na kati ya bato 10,000 na mboka mobimba. Buku oyo eyebisaka likolo ya maladie yango, ndenge ya koyeba yango, lobiko na yango, mpe elakisaka ndenge ezali na mboka na biso na kokokisa yango na ndenge ezalaka na mokili mobimba. Buku oyo mpe ezui batoli ya sika mpoya mopekisi ya BCG na UK, mpe babuku misusu na sango oyo nyonso ekosalisa koyeba makambo ya maladi yango na bawebsite. == Tuberculose ezali nini? == '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezali maladie ya mabe oyo ekoki kovimbisa nakati ya moto ya mwana, na Angle [[TB meningitis]]. Mpona bato bakolo, mbala mingi ebebisaka esika ya kopomola, kasi ekoki kobebisa mpe mikua, nakati ya moto to bisika misusu. Awa na mboka na biso, bato mingi baye bazuaka TB babikaka, kasi esengi sanza mingi mpo babika. TB ezali maladie ya makasi, kasi ebikaka, ewutaka na 'Mycobacterium Tuberculosis' tuberculosis to M. Tb na mokuse). Mbala mingi ekotaka na tolo esika ya kopumola Angle 'pulmonary TB') kasi ekoki mpe kokota bisika misusu na nzoto lokola nakati kingo, mikua to biloko na libumu. Ekoki mpe kopesa meningite. Maladie mosusu, M. bovis, ekokani na TB kasi yango ezuaka banyama, mbala mingi gombe ('bovine TB'). M. bovis mpe ekoki kozua moto lokola kala, tango bato bayebaki naino te ndenge ya kobatela mabele <pasteurisation> to koluka TB na gombe. == Tuberculose moto azuaka ndenge nini? == Nzela oyo monene ya kozua TB nde ewutaka na moto oyo azali na yango na nzoto naye, oyo azali kokolola. Soki akololi abimisaka maladie nakati ya soyi. Soki moto ozui soyi yango na tango ya kopomola, wana okoki kozua TB. Soyi yango ekoki kovanda na mopepe na tango molayi kasi wana mbala mingi epesaka maladie te. Nzela oyo monene ezali kaka soki ozalaka mpene mpe mpona tango molayi na moto oyo azali na yango. == Tuberculose ezalaka bisika mingi? == Nakati ya UK na bambula ya 1950, batu koleka 50,000 bazalaki kozua TB na mbula moko. Mikolo oyo ezongi ti batu 7,000 baye bazuaka na mbula moko, kasi soki okokisi yango na bambula ya 1990, tango wana ezalaki bato 5,500. Yango okomona te ezali komata lisusu. Wana omoni te kozua TB ezali noki te, kasi ebongi ozala ekenge na ndenge ya koyeba yango mpo, na mokili mobimba TB ezali bisika mingi. Lokola batu mingi batambolaka na mokili, bango bakoki kozua yango mpe bakotisi yango na mboka na biso. == Tuberculose emonanaka ndenge nini? == Tuberculose ekoki kobebisa esika nyonso ya nzoto, ndenge wana, ndenge ekomonana na mwana ekeseni na oyo ya moto mokolo. Lokola tuberculose ewutaka na bato, malamu oyebaka moto oyo azali na yango. Malamu omona dokotolo soki mwana na yo to ndeko alakisaka biloko oyo tokomi na nse: * [[Kokolola]] mpona koleka mposo misatu * [[Fievre]] * Kotoko na mbutu * [[Kokondo]] * Kolemba nzoto noki * Kokolola [[makila]] == Mpona nini mwana na ngai bapesa ye BCG? == Na UK, lokola na bamboka misusu, [[Mobateli ya BCG|BCG]] bapesaka na bana baye bazali mpene ya bato oyo bakoki kozala na TB. Wana ezali mpo bana yango bavandaka bisika ya bato mingi ya TB, ezala baboti to bankoko bauti bisika bato mingi babelaka TB. Na mokuse mbala mingi bana oyo bavandaka na cite ya masikini. Mobateli yango bapesaka na tango mwana abotami kasi bakopesaka mpe na tango nyonso oyo ebongi. == Bamboka oyo ezalaka na babeli mingi ya Tuberculose == Bamboka oyo tokoma na nse ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB. Soki eyano na yo ya mituni na biso ezali 'oui' 'íyo', sala noki opesa mwana nayo azua [[Mobateli ya BCG|BCG]] soki azui naino te. * Yo, bandeko nayo to tata ya mwana na yo awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Yo na mwana nayo bokokende kovanda koleka sanza moko to bokotambola mingi na mboka nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Nakati ya ndako nayo, to mpene nayo, azali moto oyo akozala mpene na mwana nayo na tango mingi, oyo azali na TB to azalaki na yango kala, to awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo to tangi? == Nzela nini ya koyeba Tuberculose? == Lokola TB ekotaka bisika mingi na nzoto, nzela ya komona yango mpe ezali ndenge na ndenge. TB oyo eyebani mingi nde ya kokolola <pulmonary TB>. Moto oyo azali na yango akolakisa: * kozanga mposa ya koliya na kokondo * kokolola oyo emataka makasi sima ya mposo mine na koleka to basenza * kobimisa soyi mingi; akoki mpe kokolola makila soki nzela ya makila epasuki * komiyoka nzoto elembi tango nyonso * kozala na fievre, mbala mingi na mbutu, oyo epesi kotoko mingi == TB epanzaka ndenge nini? == Nzela ya kopanza TB yango kaka moko: baye bazali na yango nakati ya tolo to na mongongo. Mayi oyo ebimaka na monoko na kokolola nakati ya mopepe nde ezali na maladie. Kasi oyeba te tango mosusu baoyo bazali na yango bakoki te kopanza yango. == Kozua TB ezalaka noki, to makasi? == Penza, ezalaka makasi moto azua TB, mpe esengi tango molayi to kokutana mbala mingi na moto oyo azali na yango, lokola kovanda na ndako moko. Ata ndenge wana, basusu, ata soki bazui TB, bango bakobelaka te. Bato mingi (toloba 9 na kati ya 10) baye bazali na nzoto kolongono, soki bazui yango bakobela te. Baye 10% batikali bakobela, kasi mbala mingi noki te, kasi na sima ata ya bambula 10 na koleka (Comstock, 1982). Wana esalamaka mpo maladie yango ekoki kovanda na nzoto ya moto lokola elali bambula mpe moto azali kobela te. Maladie ekolamuka na sima ya bambula, mbala mingi soki nzoto ezangi komibatela (immunite), lokola moto mobange, bankisi misusu, kobela lokola [[SIDA]] to kovanda na mizele. [ Mpona 10% baye bakobelaka TB, tango ya mabe ezalaka soki ekomi naino mbula mibale te banda bazui yango. Kati ya 1 na 5% ya baye bazui TB babelaka noki wuta bazui yango (Styblo et al., 1969; Sutherland et al., 1976; 1982). Wana babengaka yango kobela mbala moko, na Angle 'primary disease', mpe mbala mingi ezalaka na bana. 'Primary TB' mbala mingi ekoleka emonana te, mpe ekobika yango moko ata soki moto ameli nkisi te, kasi ekoki kozonga sima ya bambula. Ekotika elembo moke nakati ya tolo, na ndenge emonanaka na Rayon-X. == Kozua TB na kobela TB bikeseni? == Mpona bato mingi baoyo bakozua TB, [[mobateli|mibateli]] ya nzoto (immunite) ekobunda kino kosilisa to kokanga emata te. Ndenge wana maladie ekotikala kolala, kasi ezali naino na bomoyi, mpe ekobima lisusu na sima. Ya ndenge oyo babengaka 'latent TB infection'. Baye bazali na latent TB infection: * emonanaka te * bakoyoka kobela te * bakoki kopanza na basusu te * Mbala mingi soki bameki loposo, ekomonana te bazali na yango * Bakoki kobela TB na sima ya bambula Baye bazali kobela TB (‘active TB’) bakolakisaka biloko oyo tokomaki na 'Nzela nini ya koyeba TB'. == TB mabe na yango penza nini? == Soki babikisi te, TB, ata epayi ya bakolo, emataka malembe kino eyi koboma. Mabe mosusu ekopesa meningite. Nzela mosusu, soki babikisi te, nde kobimisa makila tango ya kokolola. TB ekokoma ndongo soki emeseni nkisi, mpo ndenge ya kobikisa ezalaka makasi. Nakati ya UK, TB, ebomaka bato 350 na mbula moko, mingi nakati ya bango mibange, kasi bana mpe bazalaka. Bisika bato bavandaka na bandako oyo ekoki te, na mokili mobimba, bato mingi bakufaka na TB koleka oyo ya UK. == TB bakoki kopekisa na mobateli <vaccination>? == Mobateli ezali ya BCG. Tango mosusu epekisaka TB te. Kasi esalisaka mpona bana baoyo bazali kobela meningite 'TB meningitis' (Rodrigues et al., 1993). Nakati ya UK, BCG tango ya kala bazalaki kopesa bana nyonso ya kelasi. Kasi lokola ndenge ya TB ebaluki, UK ekamati nzela ya kolanda bato moke baoyo bakozala na yango. Mobateli ya BCG ekeseni kolanda epayi okozala na UK, mpo TB ekozala mingi esika moko kasi ezali te esika mosusu. BCG bapesaka bana oyo bavandaka bisika ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB koleka bisika misusu, likolo ya oyo, bapesaka na bana babotami na mboka oyo ezali na bato mingi ya TB. Bapesaka mpe na bana kelasi ya mbula 10 kino 14 soki bazui BCG na kala te. == Soki olingi kokende na mboka mopaya ebongi ozua mobateli ya BCG? == Soki azuaki BCG kala te esengi moto azua yango soki alingi kotambola, kovanda to kosala mosala mpona sanza moko to koleka, na mboka oyo ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB (Immunisation against Infectious Disease, 1996). == Mobateli ya BCG ezali nini? == [[Mobateli]] ya [[Bacillus Calmette-Guèrin]] (BCG) ezali maladie ya TB oyo ezuaka gombe [[Mycobacterium bovis]]. Nakati ya BCG maladie ya TB ezalaka, kasi bakangi yango epesa kobela te. Kasi mpona baye bazangi mobateli ya nzoto, lokola bato ya [[SIDA]], mpona bango BCG ekoki kopesa maladie tango mosusu. BCG batiyaka yango na tonga ya moke na loposo. == Mpona nini, moto liboso ya kopesa ye BCG, ebongi bameka loposo naye? == Moto nyonso oyo azali na sanza 12 to koleka wana, bakomekaka loposo naye liboso ya kopesa ye [[mobateli ya BCG]]. Wana ezali mpona koyeba soki mobateli ya nzoto (immunite) emeseni na TB. Nzela ya koyeba nde kobeta tonga ya [[tuberculin]] – mayi ya proteine basali wuta na 'M. tuberculosis' – na kati ya loposo. Sima ya mikolo 2 - 10, na ndenge ya tonga yango, bakotala esika babeti yango. Soki esika babeti tonga evimbi mpe, ekomi lokola makila, wana elakisi te maladie ezali. Ndenge wana ebongi lisusu te bapesa moto BCG, mpo akozala asiazui TB to maladie mosusu ya ndenge wana. Soki nzoto naye elakisi kozala na maladie ya makasi, wana esengi bameka ye na nzela misusu koyeba soki penza asiazui to abandi kobela TB. Bana oyo bakokisi naino sanza 12 te, bango bazali na posa te ya komeka loposo, liboso ya kozua BCG. == Tuberculose babikisaka yango ndenge nini? == Mbala mingi TB ekoki kobika, kasi moto ebongi asilisa nkisi ya sanza 6 to koleka. Baye babelaka TB mbala mingi bakotaka na opital te. Ata soki bakoti, wana ekozala mpona koyeba soki penza bazali na maladie yango to mpo babanda kozua nkisi. Ata boye, bato ya TB esengi bazala mpene na efimiele ya tolo, tango nyonso ya kozua nkisi mpo bazua yango na ndenge ekoki, mpe soki likambo ya mabe ezali, basala noki moto atika te kozua nkisi. Nzela oyo tomeseni, ezali ya kozua nkisi 'antibiotics' misatu to mine mbala moko mpona sanza mibale, nde sima na yango nkisi mibale mpona sanza mine misusu. Nkisi mine minene ya TB ezali [[isoniazid]], [[rifampicin]], [[pyrazinamide]] na [[ethambutol]]. Eyaka elongo mpona kosalisa soki maladie emeseni nkisi moko, misusu ebunda. Ata boye, maladie ebandi komesana nkisi ya ndenge nyonso. Mbala mingi nkisi esalaka lisusu te mpo moto azalaki kozua yango na ndenge ekoki te, to azuaki yango na ndenge ya mabe to moto asilisaki te kozua nkisi (Conaty et al., 2004). Mikolo oyo batiyaka nkisi mibale to koleka na kati ya na komprime moko. Moto akomela komprime mine to koleka, mokolo moko. Tango mosusu esengi moto azua nkisi mikolo mingi, lokola maladie ya [[TB meningitis]], to soki maladie ebandi komesana na nkisi moko to mibale, wana esengi kobalula nkisi. Soki moto abandi nkisi mpona poso mibale, wana akoki lisusu kopanza TB te, mpe akobanda komiyoka malamu sima ya poso mine. Kasi esengi sanza motoba ya kozua nkisi mpo moto abika. == Tosala nini soki moto azalaka mpene na moto ya TB? == Tango bakuti moto azali na TB, dokotolo akotala soki baye bavandaka naye bakoki kozua yango. Soki emonani te moto akoki kopanza yango, to mwana azali na yango, kasi eyebani te azui yango wapi, wana baye bazalaka mpene naye bakobenga bango mpo bameka eyebana soki bango mpe bazali na yango. Bato wana bakozala bandeko to baye bavandaka na ndako moko. Tango mosusu baninga, lokola baye basalaka elongo, mpe bakobenga bango, kasi mbala mingi tina ya kosala yango ekozala te. Ezalaka mbala mingi te mwana apanza TB – kasi kobela na bango elakisaka te moto mokolo oyo azali kobela TB, azali mpene na mwana wana. Komeka mpona bandeko tina yango koyeba baye basi bazui TB to baye basi babandi kobela. Komeka basalaka na loposo to na Rayon-X. Na kati ya UK mbala mingi soki bameki loposo, elakisaka te moto asiazui maladie (loposo kovimbal mpe kozala lokola makila esika babetaki tonga), kasi wana ezali mpo bazuaki mobateli ya BCG. Soki loposo soolo ezali. Soki TB emonani, wana moto bamemi ye na dokotolo mpe bakopesa ye nkisi ya TB. 6064 2005-09-01T16:04:43Z Bombo 12 /* Tosala nini soki moto azalaka mpene na moto ya TB? */ '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezali maladie oyo ebebisaka esika ya kopomola nakati ya tolo, kasi ekoki mpe kobebisa bisika misusu na nzoto. Na bambula 150 oyo eleki na UK, moto moko na kati ya bato 8 oyo bazalaki kokufa ezalaki mpo ya TB. Kasi na bambula ya 1980, maladie yango emonanaki mingi lisusu te, mpoya bato kozala na ndako ya malamu, koliya malamu mpe koyeba noki na kotiya pembeni baye bazali kobela mpo bazua lobiko noki. Kasi TB esili naino libela te. Ya soolo, TB ezali maladie enyokoloko mingi mokili mikolo oyo. Mbula oyo eleki batu mingi bakufaki na TB-8,000 na mokolo moko- koleka na bambula nyonso oyo esieleki. Na bambula 20 oyo eleki, TB ebandi komata malembemalembe na UK. Sikoyo bato 7,000 bazuaka yango na mbula moko – wana koloba moto moko na kati ya bato 10,000 na mboka mobimba. Buku oyo eyebisaka likolo ya maladie yango, ndenge ya koyeba yango, lobiko na yango, mpe elakisaka ndenge ezali na mboka na biso na kokokisa yango na ndenge ezalaka na mokili mobimba. Buku oyo mpe ezui batoli ya sika mpoya mopekisi ya BCG na UK, mpe babuku misusu na sango oyo nyonso ekosalisa koyeba makambo ya maladi yango na bawebsite. == Tuberculose ezali nini? == '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezali maladie ya mabe oyo ekoki kovimbisa nakati ya moto ya mwana, na Angle [[TB meningitis]]. Mpona bato bakolo, mbala mingi ebebisaka esika ya kopomola, kasi ekoki kobebisa mpe mikua, nakati ya moto to bisika misusu. Awa na mboka na biso, bato mingi baye bazuaka TB babikaka, kasi esengi sanza mingi mpo babika. TB ezali maladie ya makasi, kasi ebikaka, ewutaka na 'Mycobacterium Tuberculosis' tuberculosis to M. Tb na mokuse). Mbala mingi ekotaka na tolo esika ya kopumola Angle 'pulmonary TB') kasi ekoki mpe kokota bisika misusu na nzoto lokola nakati kingo, mikua to biloko na libumu. Ekoki mpe kopesa meningite. Maladie mosusu, M. bovis, ekokani na TB kasi yango ezuaka banyama, mbala mingi gombe ('bovine TB'). M. bovis mpe ekoki kozua moto lokola kala, tango bato bayebaki naino te ndenge ya kobatela mabele <pasteurisation> to koluka TB na gombe. == Tuberculose moto azuaka ndenge nini? == Nzela oyo monene ya kozua TB nde ewutaka na moto oyo azali na yango na nzoto naye, oyo azali kokolola. Soki akololi abimisaka maladie nakati ya soyi. Soki moto ozui soyi yango na tango ya kopomola, wana okoki kozua TB. Soyi yango ekoki kovanda na mopepe na tango molayi kasi wana mbala mingi epesaka maladie te. Nzela oyo monene ezali kaka soki ozalaka mpene mpe mpona tango molayi na moto oyo azali na yango. == Tuberculose ezalaka bisika mingi? == Nakati ya UK na bambula ya 1950, batu koleka 50,000 bazalaki kozua TB na mbula moko. Mikolo oyo ezongi ti batu 7,000 baye bazuaka na mbula moko, kasi soki okokisi yango na bambula ya 1990, tango wana ezalaki bato 5,500. Yango okomona te ezali komata lisusu. Wana omoni te kozua TB ezali noki te, kasi ebongi ozala ekenge na ndenge ya koyeba yango mpo, na mokili mobimba TB ezali bisika mingi. Lokola batu mingi batambolaka na mokili, bango bakoki kozua yango mpe bakotisi yango na mboka na biso. == Tuberculose emonanaka ndenge nini? == Tuberculose ekoki kobebisa esika nyonso ya nzoto, ndenge wana, ndenge ekomonana na mwana ekeseni na oyo ya moto mokolo. Lokola tuberculose ewutaka na bato, malamu oyebaka moto oyo azali na yango. Malamu omona dokotolo soki mwana na yo to ndeko alakisaka biloko oyo tokomi na nse: * [[Kokolola]] mpona koleka mposo misatu * [[Fievre]] * Kotoko na mbutu * [[Kokondo]] * Kolemba nzoto noki * Kokolola [[makila]] == Mpona nini mwana na ngai bapesa ye BCG? == Na UK, lokola na bamboka misusu, [[Mobateli ya BCG|BCG]] bapesaka na bana baye bazali mpene ya bato oyo bakoki kozala na TB. Wana ezali mpo bana yango bavandaka bisika ya bato mingi ya TB, ezala baboti to bankoko bauti bisika bato mingi babelaka TB. Na mokuse mbala mingi bana oyo bavandaka na cite ya masikini. Mobateli yango bapesaka na tango mwana abotami kasi bakopesaka mpe na tango nyonso oyo ebongi. == Bamboka oyo ezalaka na babeli mingi ya Tuberculose == Bamboka oyo tokoma na nse ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB. Soki eyano na yo ya mituni na biso ezali 'oui' 'íyo', sala noki opesa mwana nayo azua [[Mobateli ya BCG|BCG]] soki azui naino te. * Yo, bandeko nayo to tata ya mwana na yo awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Yo na mwana nayo bokokende kovanda koleka sanza moko to bokotambola mingi na mboka nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Nakati ya ndako nayo, to mpene nayo, azali moto oyo akozala mpene na mwana nayo na tango mingi, oyo azali na TB to azalaki na yango kala, to awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo to tangi? == Nzela nini ya koyeba Tuberculose? == Lokola TB ekotaka bisika mingi na nzoto, nzela ya komona yango mpe ezali ndenge na ndenge. TB oyo eyebani mingi nde ya kokolola <pulmonary TB>. Moto oyo azali na yango akolakisa: * kozanga mposa ya koliya na kokondo * kokolola oyo emataka makasi sima ya mposo mine na koleka to basenza * kobimisa soyi mingi; akoki mpe kokolola makila soki nzela ya makila epasuki * komiyoka nzoto elembi tango nyonso * kozala na fievre, mbala mingi na mbutu, oyo epesi kotoko mingi == TB epanzaka ndenge nini? == Nzela ya kopanza TB yango kaka moko: baye bazali na yango nakati ya tolo to na mongongo. Mayi oyo ebimaka na monoko na kokolola nakati ya mopepe nde ezali na maladie. Kasi oyeba te tango mosusu baoyo bazali na yango bakoki te kopanza yango. == Kozua TB ezalaka noki, to makasi? == Penza, ezalaka makasi moto azua TB, mpe esengi tango molayi to kokutana mbala mingi na moto oyo azali na yango, lokola kovanda na ndako moko. Ata ndenge wana, basusu, ata soki bazui TB, bango bakobelaka te. Bato mingi (toloba 9 na kati ya 10) baye bazali na nzoto kolongono, soki bazui yango bakobela te. Baye 10% batikali bakobela, kasi mbala mingi noki te, kasi na sima ata ya bambula 10 na koleka (Comstock, 1982). Wana esalamaka mpo maladie yango ekoki kovanda na nzoto ya moto lokola elali bambula mpe moto azali kobela te. Maladie ekolamuka na sima ya bambula, mbala mingi soki nzoto ezangi komibatela (immunite), lokola moto mobange, bankisi misusu, kobela lokola [[SIDA]] to kovanda na mizele. [ Mpona 10% baye bakobelaka TB, tango ya mabe ezalaka soki ekomi naino mbula mibale te banda bazui yango. Kati ya 1 na 5% ya baye bazui TB babelaka noki wuta bazui yango (Styblo et al., 1969; Sutherland et al., 1976; 1982). Wana babengaka yango kobela mbala moko, na Angle 'primary disease', mpe mbala mingi ezalaka na bana. 'Primary TB' mbala mingi ekoleka emonana te, mpe ekobika yango moko ata soki moto ameli nkisi te, kasi ekoki kozonga sima ya bambula. Ekotika elembo moke nakati ya tolo, na ndenge emonanaka na Rayon-X. == Kozua TB na kobela TB bikeseni? == Mpona bato mingi baoyo bakozua TB, [[mobateli|mibateli]] ya nzoto (immunite) ekobunda kino kosilisa to kokanga emata te. Ndenge wana maladie ekotikala kolala, kasi ezali naino na bomoyi, mpe ekobima lisusu na sima. Ya ndenge oyo babengaka 'latent TB infection'. Baye bazali na latent TB infection: * emonanaka te * bakoyoka kobela te * bakoki kopanza na basusu te * Mbala mingi soki bameki loposo, ekomonana te bazali na yango * Bakoki kobela TB na sima ya bambula Baye bazali kobela TB (‘active TB’) bakolakisaka biloko oyo tokomaki na 'Nzela nini ya koyeba TB'. == TB mabe na yango penza nini? == Soki babikisi te, TB, ata epayi ya bakolo, emataka malembe kino eyi koboma. Mabe mosusu ekopesa meningite. Nzela mosusu, soki babikisi te, nde kobimisa makila tango ya kokolola. TB ekokoma ndongo soki emeseni nkisi, mpo ndenge ya kobikisa ezalaka makasi. Nakati ya UK, TB, ebomaka bato 350 na mbula moko, mingi nakati ya bango mibange, kasi bana mpe bazalaka. Bisika bato bavandaka na bandako oyo ekoki te, na mokili mobimba, bato mingi bakufaka na TB koleka oyo ya UK. == TB bakoki kopekisa na mobateli <vaccination>? == Mobateli ezali ya BCG. Tango mosusu epekisaka TB te. Kasi esalisaka mpona bana baoyo bazali kobela meningite 'TB meningitis' (Rodrigues et al., 1993). Nakati ya UK, BCG tango ya kala bazalaki kopesa bana nyonso ya kelasi. Kasi lokola ndenge ya TB ebaluki, UK ekamati nzela ya kolanda bato moke baoyo bakozala na yango. Mobateli ya BCG ekeseni kolanda epayi okozala na UK, mpo TB ekozala mingi esika moko kasi ezali te esika mosusu. BCG bapesaka bana oyo bavandaka bisika ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB koleka bisika misusu, likolo ya oyo, bapesaka na bana babotami na mboka oyo ezali na bato mingi ya TB. Bapesaka mpe na bana kelasi ya mbula 10 kino 14 soki bazui BCG na kala te. == Soki olingi kokende na mboka mopaya ebongi ozua mobateli ya BCG? == Soki azuaki BCG kala te esengi moto azua yango soki alingi kotambola, kovanda to kosala mosala mpona sanza moko to koleka, na mboka oyo ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB (Immunisation against Infectious Disease, 1996). == Mobateli ya BCG ezali nini? == [[Mobateli]] ya [[Bacillus Calmette-Guèrin]] (BCG) ezali maladie ya TB oyo ezuaka gombe [[Mycobacterium bovis]]. Nakati ya BCG maladie ya TB ezalaka, kasi bakangi yango epesa kobela te. Kasi mpona baye bazangi mobateli ya nzoto, lokola bato ya [[SIDA]], mpona bango BCG ekoki kopesa maladie tango mosusu. BCG batiyaka yango na tonga ya moke na loposo. == Mpona nini, moto liboso ya kopesa ye BCG, ebongi bameka loposo naye? == Moto nyonso oyo azali na sanza 12 to koleka wana, bakomekaka loposo naye liboso ya kopesa ye [[mobateli ya BCG]]. Wana ezali mpona koyeba soki mobateli ya nzoto (immunite) emeseni na TB. Nzela ya koyeba nde kobeta tonga ya [[tuberculin]] – mayi ya proteine basali wuta na 'M. tuberculosis' – na kati ya loposo. Sima ya mikolo 2 - 10, na ndenge ya tonga yango, bakotala esika babeti yango. Soki esika babeti tonga evimbi mpe, ekomi lokola makila, wana elakisi te maladie ezali. Ndenge wana ebongi lisusu te bapesa moto BCG, mpo akozala asiazui TB to maladie mosusu ya ndenge wana. Soki nzoto naye elakisi kozala na maladie ya makasi, wana esengi bameka ye na nzela misusu koyeba soki penza asiazui to abandi kobela TB. Bana oyo bakokisi naino sanza 12 te, bango bazali na posa te ya komeka loposo, liboso ya kozua BCG. == Tuberculose babikisaka yango ndenge nini? == Mbala mingi TB ekoki kobika, kasi moto ebongi asilisa nkisi ya sanza 6 to koleka. Baye babelaka TB mbala mingi bakotaka na opital te. Ata soki bakoti, wana ekozala mpona koyeba soki penza bazali na maladie yango to mpo babanda kozua nkisi. Ata boye, bato ya TB esengi bazala mpene na efimiele ya tolo, tango nyonso ya kozua nkisi mpo bazua yango na ndenge ekoki, mpe soki likambo ya mabe ezali, basala noki moto atika te kozua nkisi. Nzela oyo tomeseni, ezali ya kozua nkisi 'antibiotics' misatu to mine mbala moko mpona sanza mibale, nde sima na yango nkisi mibale mpona sanza mine misusu. Nkisi mine minene ya TB ezali [[isoniazid]], [[rifampicin]], [[pyrazinamide]] na [[ethambutol]]. Eyaka elongo mpona kosalisa soki maladie emeseni nkisi moko, misusu ebunda. Ata boye, maladie ebandi komesana nkisi ya ndenge nyonso. Mbala mingi nkisi esalaka lisusu te mpo moto azalaki kozua yango na ndenge ekoki te, to azuaki yango na ndenge ya mabe to moto asilisaki te kozua nkisi (Conaty et al., 2004). Mikolo oyo batiyaka nkisi mibale to koleka na kati ya na komprime moko. Moto akomela komprime mine to koleka, mokolo moko. Tango mosusu esengi moto azua nkisi mikolo mingi, lokola maladie ya [[TB meningitis]], to soki maladie ebandi komesana na nkisi moko to mibale, wana esengi kobalula nkisi. Soki moto abandi nkisi mpona poso mibale, wana akoki lisusu kopanza TB te, mpe akobanda komiyoka malamu sima ya poso mine. Kasi esengi sanza motoba ya kozua nkisi mpo moto abika. == Tosala nini soki moto azalaka mpene na moto ya TB? == Tango bakuti moto azali na TB, dokotolo akotala soki baye bavandaka naye bakoki kozua yango. Soki emonani te moto akoki kopanza yango, to mwana azali na yango, kasi eyebani te azui yango wapi, wana baye bazalaka mpene naye bakobenga bango mpo bameka eyebana soki bango mpe bazali na yango. Bato wana bakozala bandeko to baye bavandaka na ndako moko. Tango mosusu baninga, lokola baye basalaka elongo, mpe bakobenga bango, kasi mbala mingi tina ya kosala yango ekozala te. Ezalaka mbala mingi te mwana apanza TB – kasi kobela na bango elakisaka te moto mokolo oyo azali kobela TB, azali mpene na mwana wana. Komeka mpona bandeko tina yango koyeba baye basi bazui TB to baye basi babandi kobela. Komeka basalaka na loposo to na Rayon-X. Na kati ya UK mbala mingi soki bameki loposo, elakisaka te moto asiazui maladie (loposo kovimbal mpe kozala lokola makila esika babetaki tonga), kasi wana ezali mpo bazuaki mobateli ya BCG. Soki loposo soolo ezali. Soki TB emonani, wana moto bamemi ye na dokotolo mpe bakopesa ye nkisi ya TB. == Na mokili mobimba == TB ebomaki bato 100 million na bambula 100 oyo eleki, yango Organisation Mondial de Sante eti yango lokola maladie oyo ya koboma bato mingi na mokili 'Global Health Emergency' na 1993 (WHO 1). Emonani lokola 33% ya bato nyonso na mokili bazali na yango. Na mbula moko, bato 9 million ya sika bazuaka yango (WHO 2). Tango nyonso moto moko azuaka yango na second moko. Mpona bato mingi ata soki bazui TB mobateli ya nzoto na bango ekoki kokanga yango babela te. Ata boye, TB ebomaka bato 2 million na mokili na mbula moko, moto moko na second 15 (WHO 3). Kati ya bango, 98% bazali bato ya Tiers Monde, mingi na Asie de Sud na Afrika ya bato mwindo (WHO 4). TB ezali ya liboso mpona koboma basi mpe koleka maladie misusu esalaka bana etike bazala mingi. == Nini bazali kosala mpona kokanga TB na mokili mobimba? == Ebongi bato nyonso na mokili babunda na TB. Kokanga yango esika moko ekosalisa soki bakangi yango bisika misusu. WHO eyi na nzela oyo babengaka <Directly Observed Treatment – Shortcourse> (DOTS) (WHO 5): 1. leta ezala na mposa ya kosalisa 2. nzela ya komeka bato mpo eyabana soki bazali na TB 3. nzela oyo ebandimi ya kozua nkisi ya sanza 6 mpona babeli mpe moto ya kotala te bato bazali kozua nkisi na ndenge ebongi 4. Moto atika te komela nkisi kino abiki, mpe nkisi yango ezala oyo ebongi 5. Kotiya na buku nzela ekoki ya kozua nkisi mpo na sima eyebana ndenge bapesaki nkisi 6066 2005-09-01T16:16:20Z Bombo 12 /* Tuberculose ezali nini? */ '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezali maladie oyo ebebisaka esika ya kopomola nakati ya tolo, kasi ekoki mpe kobebisa bisika misusu na nzoto. Na bambula 150 oyo eleki na UK, moto moko na kati ya bato 8 oyo bazalaki kokufa ezalaki mpo ya TB. Kasi na bambula ya 1980, maladie yango emonanaki mingi lisusu te, mpoya bato kozala na ndako ya malamu, koliya malamu mpe koyeba noki na kotiya pembeni baye bazali kobela mpo bazua lobiko noki. Kasi TB esili naino libela te. Ya soolo, TB ezali maladie enyokoloko mingi mokili mikolo oyo. Mbula oyo eleki batu mingi bakufaki na TB-8,000 na mokolo moko- koleka na bambula nyonso oyo esieleki. Na bambula 20 oyo eleki, TB ebandi komata malembemalembe na UK. Sikoyo bato 7,000 bazuaka yango na mbula moko – wana koloba moto moko na kati ya bato 10,000 na mboka mobimba. Buku oyo eyebisaka likolo ya maladie yango, ndenge ya koyeba yango, lobiko na yango, mpe elakisaka ndenge ezali na mboka na biso na kokokisa yango na ndenge ezalaka na mokili mobimba. Buku oyo mpe ezui batoli ya sika mpoya mopekisi ya BCG na UK, mpe babuku misusu na sango oyo nyonso ekosalisa koyeba makambo ya maladi yango na bawebsite. [[Image:TB AFB smear.jpg|thumb|right|tuberculose]] == Tuberculose ezali nini? == '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezali maladie ya mabe oyo ekoki kovimbisa nakati ya moto ya mwana, na Angle [[TB meningitis]]. Mpona bato bakolo, mbala mingi ebebisaka esika ya kopomola, kasi ekoki kobebisa mpe mikua, nakati ya moto to bisika misusu. Awa na mboka na biso, bato mingi baye bazuaka TB babikaka, kasi esengi sanza mingi mpo babika. TB ezali maladie ya makasi, kasi ebikaka, ewutaka na 'Mycobacterium Tuberculosis' tuberculosis to M. Tb na mokuse). Mbala mingi ekotaka na tolo esika ya kopumola Angle 'pulmonary TB') kasi ekoki mpe kokota bisika misusu na nzoto lokola nakati kingo, mikua to biloko na libumu. Ekoki mpe kopesa meningite. Maladie mosusu, M. bovis, ekokani na TB kasi yango ezuaka banyama, mbala mingi gombe ('bovine TB'). M. bovis mpe ekoki kozua moto lokola kala, tango bato bayebaki naino te ndenge ya kobatela mabele <pasteurisation> to koluka TB na gombe. == Tuberculose moto azuaka ndenge nini? == Nzela oyo monene ya kozua TB nde ewutaka na moto oyo azali na yango na nzoto naye, oyo azali kokolola. Soki akololi abimisaka maladie nakati ya soyi. Soki moto ozui soyi yango na tango ya kopomola, wana okoki kozua TB. Soyi yango ekoki kovanda na mopepe na tango molayi kasi wana mbala mingi epesaka maladie te. Nzela oyo monene ezali kaka soki ozalaka mpene mpe mpona tango molayi na moto oyo azali na yango. == Tuberculose ezalaka bisika mingi? == Nakati ya UK na bambula ya 1950, batu koleka 50,000 bazalaki kozua TB na mbula moko. Mikolo oyo ezongi ti batu 7,000 baye bazuaka na mbula moko, kasi soki okokisi yango na bambula ya 1990, tango wana ezalaki bato 5,500. Yango okomona te ezali komata lisusu. Wana omoni te kozua TB ezali noki te, kasi ebongi ozala ekenge na ndenge ya koyeba yango mpo, na mokili mobimba TB ezali bisika mingi. Lokola batu mingi batambolaka na mokili, bango bakoki kozua yango mpe bakotisi yango na mboka na biso. == Tuberculose emonanaka ndenge nini? == Tuberculose ekoki kobebisa esika nyonso ya nzoto, ndenge wana, ndenge ekomonana na mwana ekeseni na oyo ya moto mokolo. Lokola tuberculose ewutaka na bato, malamu oyebaka moto oyo azali na yango. Malamu omona dokotolo soki mwana na yo to ndeko alakisaka biloko oyo tokomi na nse: * [[Kokolola]] mpona koleka mposo misatu * [[Fievre]] * Kotoko na mbutu * [[Kokondo]] * Kolemba nzoto noki * Kokolola [[makila]] == Mpona nini mwana na ngai bapesa ye BCG? == Na UK, lokola na bamboka misusu, [[Mobateli ya BCG|BCG]] bapesaka na bana baye bazali mpene ya bato oyo bakoki kozala na TB. Wana ezali mpo bana yango bavandaka bisika ya bato mingi ya TB, ezala baboti to bankoko bauti bisika bato mingi babelaka TB. Na mokuse mbala mingi bana oyo bavandaka na cite ya masikini. Mobateli yango bapesaka na tango mwana abotami kasi bakopesaka mpe na tango nyonso oyo ebongi. == Bamboka oyo ezalaka na babeli mingi ya Tuberculose == Bamboka oyo tokoma na nse ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB. Soki eyano na yo ya mituni na biso ezali 'oui' 'íyo', sala noki opesa mwana nayo azua [[Mobateli ya BCG|BCG]] soki azui naino te. * Yo, bandeko nayo to tata ya mwana na yo awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Yo na mwana nayo bokokende kovanda koleka sanza moko to bokotambola mingi na mboka nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Nakati ya ndako nayo, to mpene nayo, azali moto oyo akozala mpene na mwana nayo na tango mingi, oyo azali na TB to azalaki na yango kala, to awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo to tangi? == Nzela nini ya koyeba Tuberculose? == Lokola TB ekotaka bisika mingi na nzoto, nzela ya komona yango mpe ezali ndenge na ndenge. TB oyo eyebani mingi nde ya kokolola <pulmonary TB>. Moto oyo azali na yango akolakisa: * kozanga mposa ya koliya na kokondo * kokolola oyo emataka makasi sima ya mposo mine na koleka to basenza * kobimisa soyi mingi; akoki mpe kokolola makila soki nzela ya makila epasuki * komiyoka nzoto elembi tango nyonso * kozala na fievre, mbala mingi na mbutu, oyo epesi kotoko mingi == TB epanzaka ndenge nini? == Nzela ya kopanza TB yango kaka moko: baye bazali na yango nakati ya tolo to na mongongo. Mayi oyo ebimaka na monoko na kokolola nakati ya mopepe nde ezali na maladie. Kasi oyeba te tango mosusu baoyo bazali na yango bakoki te kopanza yango. == Kozua TB ezalaka noki, to makasi? == Penza, ezalaka makasi moto azua TB, mpe esengi tango molayi to kokutana mbala mingi na moto oyo azali na yango, lokola kovanda na ndako moko. Ata ndenge wana, basusu, ata soki bazui TB, bango bakobelaka te. Bato mingi (toloba 9 na kati ya 10) baye bazali na nzoto kolongono, soki bazui yango bakobela te. Baye 10% batikali bakobela, kasi mbala mingi noki te, kasi na sima ata ya bambula 10 na koleka (Comstock, 1982). Wana esalamaka mpo maladie yango ekoki kovanda na nzoto ya moto lokola elali bambula mpe moto azali kobela te. Maladie ekolamuka na sima ya bambula, mbala mingi soki nzoto ezangi komibatela (immunite), lokola moto mobange, bankisi misusu, kobela lokola [[SIDA]] to kovanda na mizele. [ Mpona 10% baye bakobelaka TB, tango ya mabe ezalaka soki ekomi naino mbula mibale te banda bazui yango. Kati ya 1 na 5% ya baye bazui TB babelaka noki wuta bazui yango (Styblo et al., 1969; Sutherland et al., 1976; 1982). Wana babengaka yango kobela mbala moko, na Angle 'primary disease', mpe mbala mingi ezalaka na bana. 'Primary TB' mbala mingi ekoleka emonana te, mpe ekobika yango moko ata soki moto ameli nkisi te, kasi ekoki kozonga sima ya bambula. Ekotika elembo moke nakati ya tolo, na ndenge emonanaka na Rayon-X. == Kozua TB na kobela TB bikeseni? == Mpona bato mingi baoyo bakozua TB, [[mobateli|mibateli]] ya nzoto (immunite) ekobunda kino kosilisa to kokanga emata te. Ndenge wana maladie ekotikala kolala, kasi ezali naino na bomoyi, mpe ekobima lisusu na sima. Ya ndenge oyo babengaka 'latent TB infection'. Baye bazali na latent TB infection: * emonanaka te * bakoyoka kobela te * bakoki kopanza na basusu te * Mbala mingi soki bameki loposo, ekomonana te bazali na yango * Bakoki kobela TB na sima ya bambula Baye bazali kobela TB (‘active TB’) bakolakisaka biloko oyo tokomaki na 'Nzela nini ya koyeba TB'. == TB mabe na yango penza nini? == Soki babikisi te, TB, ata epayi ya bakolo, emataka malembe kino eyi koboma. Mabe mosusu ekopesa meningite. Nzela mosusu, soki babikisi te, nde kobimisa makila tango ya kokolola. TB ekokoma ndongo soki emeseni nkisi, mpo ndenge ya kobikisa ezalaka makasi. Nakati ya UK, TB, ebomaka bato 350 na mbula moko, mingi nakati ya bango mibange, kasi bana mpe bazalaka. Bisika bato bavandaka na bandako oyo ekoki te, na mokili mobimba, bato mingi bakufaka na TB koleka oyo ya UK. == TB bakoki kopekisa na mobateli <vaccination>? == Mobateli ezali ya BCG. Tango mosusu epekisaka TB te. Kasi esalisaka mpona bana baoyo bazali kobela meningite 'TB meningitis' (Rodrigues et al., 1993). Nakati ya UK, BCG tango ya kala bazalaki kopesa bana nyonso ya kelasi. Kasi lokola ndenge ya TB ebaluki, UK ekamati nzela ya kolanda bato moke baoyo bakozala na yango. Mobateli ya BCG ekeseni kolanda epayi okozala na UK, mpo TB ekozala mingi esika moko kasi ezali te esika mosusu. BCG bapesaka bana oyo bavandaka bisika ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB koleka bisika misusu, likolo ya oyo, bapesaka na bana babotami na mboka oyo ezali na bato mingi ya TB. Bapesaka mpe na bana kelasi ya mbula 10 kino 14 soki bazui BCG na kala te. == Soki olingi kokende na mboka mopaya ebongi ozua mobateli ya BCG? == Soki azuaki BCG kala te esengi moto azua yango soki alingi kotambola, kovanda to kosala mosala mpona sanza moko to koleka, na mboka oyo ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB (Immunisation against Infectious Disease, 1996). == Mobateli ya BCG ezali nini? == [[Mobateli]] ya [[Bacillus Calmette-Guèrin]] (BCG) ezali maladie ya TB oyo ezuaka gombe [[Mycobacterium bovis]]. Nakati ya BCG maladie ya TB ezalaka, kasi bakangi yango epesa kobela te. Kasi mpona baye bazangi mobateli ya nzoto, lokola bato ya [[SIDA]], mpona bango BCG ekoki kopesa maladie tango mosusu. BCG batiyaka yango na tonga ya moke na loposo. == Mpona nini, moto liboso ya kopesa ye BCG, ebongi bameka loposo naye? == Moto nyonso oyo azali na sanza 12 to koleka wana, bakomekaka loposo naye liboso ya kopesa ye [[mobateli ya BCG]]. Wana ezali mpona koyeba soki mobateli ya nzoto (immunite) emeseni na TB. Nzela ya koyeba nde kobeta tonga ya [[tuberculin]] – mayi ya proteine basali wuta na 'M. tuberculosis' – na kati ya loposo. Sima ya mikolo 2 - 10, na ndenge ya tonga yango, bakotala esika babeti yango. Soki esika babeti tonga evimbi mpe, ekomi lokola makila, wana elakisi te maladie ezali. Ndenge wana ebongi lisusu te bapesa moto BCG, mpo akozala asiazui TB to maladie mosusu ya ndenge wana. Soki nzoto naye elakisi kozala na maladie ya makasi, wana esengi bameka ye na nzela misusu koyeba soki penza asiazui to abandi kobela TB. Bana oyo bakokisi naino sanza 12 te, bango bazali na posa te ya komeka loposo, liboso ya kozua BCG. == Tuberculose babikisaka yango ndenge nini? == Mbala mingi TB ekoki kobika, kasi moto ebongi asilisa nkisi ya sanza 6 to koleka. Baye babelaka TB mbala mingi bakotaka na opital te. Ata soki bakoti, wana ekozala mpona koyeba soki penza bazali na maladie yango to mpo babanda kozua nkisi. Ata boye, bato ya TB esengi bazala mpene na efimiele ya tolo, tango nyonso ya kozua nkisi mpo bazua yango na ndenge ekoki, mpe soki likambo ya mabe ezali, basala noki moto atika te kozua nkisi. Nzela oyo tomeseni, ezali ya kozua nkisi 'antibiotics' misatu to mine mbala moko mpona sanza mibale, nde sima na yango nkisi mibale mpona sanza mine misusu. Nkisi mine minene ya TB ezali [[isoniazid]], [[rifampicin]], [[pyrazinamide]] na [[ethambutol]]. Eyaka elongo mpona kosalisa soki maladie emeseni nkisi moko, misusu ebunda. Ata boye, maladie ebandi komesana nkisi ya ndenge nyonso. Mbala mingi nkisi esalaka lisusu te mpo moto azalaki kozua yango na ndenge ekoki te, to azuaki yango na ndenge ya mabe to moto asilisaki te kozua nkisi (Conaty et al., 2004). Mikolo oyo batiyaka nkisi mibale to koleka na kati ya na komprime moko. Moto akomela komprime mine to koleka, mokolo moko. Tango mosusu esengi moto azua nkisi mikolo mingi, lokola maladie ya [[TB meningitis]], to soki maladie ebandi komesana na nkisi moko to mibale, wana esengi kobalula nkisi. Soki moto abandi nkisi mpona poso mibale, wana akoki lisusu kopanza TB te, mpe akobanda komiyoka malamu sima ya poso mine. Kasi esengi sanza motoba ya kozua nkisi mpo moto abika. == Tosala nini soki moto azalaka mpene na moto ya TB? == Tango bakuti moto azali na TB, dokotolo akotala soki baye bavandaka naye bakoki kozua yango. Soki emonani te moto akoki kopanza yango, to mwana azali na yango, kasi eyebani te azui yango wapi, wana baye bazalaka mpene naye bakobenga bango mpo bameka eyebana soki bango mpe bazali na yango. Bato wana bakozala bandeko to baye bavandaka na ndako moko. Tango mosusu baninga, lokola baye basalaka elongo, mpe bakobenga bango, kasi mbala mingi tina ya kosala yango ekozala te. Ezalaka mbala mingi te mwana apanza TB – kasi kobela na bango elakisaka te moto mokolo oyo azali kobela TB, azali mpene na mwana wana. Komeka mpona bandeko tina yango koyeba baye basi bazui TB to baye basi babandi kobela. Komeka basalaka na loposo to na Rayon-X. Na kati ya UK mbala mingi soki bameki loposo, elakisaka te moto asiazui maladie (loposo kovimbal mpe kozala lokola makila esika babetaki tonga), kasi wana ezali mpo bazuaki mobateli ya BCG. Soki loposo soolo ezali. Soki TB emonani, wana moto bamemi ye na dokotolo mpe bakopesa ye nkisi ya TB. == Na mokili mobimba == TB ebomaki bato 100 million na bambula 100 oyo eleki, yango Organisation Mondial de Sante eti yango lokola maladie oyo ya koboma bato mingi na mokili 'Global Health Emergency' na 1993 (WHO 1). Emonani lokola 33% ya bato nyonso na mokili bazali na yango. Na mbula moko, bato 9 million ya sika bazuaka yango (WHO 2). Tango nyonso moto moko azuaka yango na second moko. Mpona bato mingi ata soki bazui TB mobateli ya nzoto na bango ekoki kokanga yango babela te. Ata boye, TB ebomaka bato 2 million na mokili na mbula moko, moto moko na second 15 (WHO 3). Kati ya bango, 98% bazali bato ya Tiers Monde, mingi na Asie de Sud na Afrika ya bato mwindo (WHO 4). TB ezali ya liboso mpona koboma basi mpe koleka maladie misusu esalaka bana etike bazala mingi. == Nini bazali kosala mpona kokanga TB na mokili mobimba? == Ebongi bato nyonso na mokili babunda na TB. Kokanga yango esika moko ekosalisa soki bakangi yango bisika misusu. WHO eyi na nzela oyo babengaka <Directly Observed Treatment – Shortcourse> (DOTS) (WHO 5): 1. leta ezala na mposa ya kosalisa 2. nzela ya komeka bato mpo eyabana soki bazali na TB 3. nzela oyo ebandimi ya kozua nkisi ya sanza 6 mpona babeli mpe moto ya kotala te bato bazali kozua nkisi na ndenge ebongi 4. Moto atika te komela nkisi kino abiki, mpe nkisi yango ezala oyo ebongi 5. Kotiya na buku nzela ekoki ya kozua nkisi mpo na sima eyebana ndenge bapesaki nkisi 6067 2005-09-01T16:17:19Z Bombo 12 /* Bamboka oyo ezalaka na babeli mingi ya Tuberculose */ '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezali maladie oyo ebebisaka esika ya kopomola nakati ya tolo, kasi ekoki mpe kobebisa bisika misusu na nzoto. Na bambula 150 oyo eleki na UK, moto moko na kati ya bato 8 oyo bazalaki kokufa ezalaki mpo ya TB. Kasi na bambula ya 1980, maladie yango emonanaki mingi lisusu te, mpoya bato kozala na ndako ya malamu, koliya malamu mpe koyeba noki na kotiya pembeni baye bazali kobela mpo bazua lobiko noki. Kasi TB esili naino libela te. Ya soolo, TB ezali maladie enyokoloko mingi mokili mikolo oyo. Mbula oyo eleki batu mingi bakufaki na TB-8,000 na mokolo moko- koleka na bambula nyonso oyo esieleki. Na bambula 20 oyo eleki, TB ebandi komata malembemalembe na UK. Sikoyo bato 7,000 bazuaka yango na mbula moko – wana koloba moto moko na kati ya bato 10,000 na mboka mobimba. Buku oyo eyebisaka likolo ya maladie yango, ndenge ya koyeba yango, lobiko na yango, mpe elakisaka ndenge ezali na mboka na biso na kokokisa yango na ndenge ezalaka na mokili mobimba. Buku oyo mpe ezui batoli ya sika mpoya mopekisi ya BCG na UK, mpe babuku misusu na sango oyo nyonso ekosalisa koyeba makambo ya maladi yango na bawebsite. [[Image:TB AFB smear.jpg|thumb|right|tuberculose]] == Tuberculose ezali nini? == '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezali maladie ya mabe oyo ekoki kovimbisa nakati ya moto ya mwana, na Angle [[TB meningitis]]. Mpona bato bakolo, mbala mingi ebebisaka esika ya kopomola, kasi ekoki kobebisa mpe mikua, nakati ya moto to bisika misusu. Awa na mboka na biso, bato mingi baye bazuaka TB babikaka, kasi esengi sanza mingi mpo babika. TB ezali maladie ya makasi, kasi ebikaka, ewutaka na 'Mycobacterium Tuberculosis' tuberculosis to M. Tb na mokuse). Mbala mingi ekotaka na tolo esika ya kopumola Angle 'pulmonary TB') kasi ekoki mpe kokota bisika misusu na nzoto lokola nakati kingo, mikua to biloko na libumu. Ekoki mpe kopesa meningite. Maladie mosusu, M. bovis, ekokani na TB kasi yango ezuaka banyama, mbala mingi gombe ('bovine TB'). M. bovis mpe ekoki kozua moto lokola kala, tango bato bayebaki naino te ndenge ya kobatela mabele <pasteurisation> to koluka TB na gombe. == Tuberculose moto azuaka ndenge nini? == Nzela oyo monene ya kozua TB nde ewutaka na moto oyo azali na yango na nzoto naye, oyo azali kokolola. Soki akololi abimisaka maladie nakati ya soyi. Soki moto ozui soyi yango na tango ya kopomola, wana okoki kozua TB. Soyi yango ekoki kovanda na mopepe na tango molayi kasi wana mbala mingi epesaka maladie te. Nzela oyo monene ezali kaka soki ozalaka mpene mpe mpona tango molayi na moto oyo azali na yango. == Tuberculose ezalaka bisika mingi? == Nakati ya UK na bambula ya 1950, batu koleka 50,000 bazalaki kozua TB na mbula moko. Mikolo oyo ezongi ti batu 7,000 baye bazuaka na mbula moko, kasi soki okokisi yango na bambula ya 1990, tango wana ezalaki bato 5,500. Yango okomona te ezali komata lisusu. Wana omoni te kozua TB ezali noki te, kasi ebongi ozala ekenge na ndenge ya koyeba yango mpo, na mokili mobimba TB ezali bisika mingi. Lokola batu mingi batambolaka na mokili, bango bakoki kozua yango mpe bakotisi yango na mboka na biso. == Tuberculose emonanaka ndenge nini? == Tuberculose ekoki kobebisa esika nyonso ya nzoto, ndenge wana, ndenge ekomonana na mwana ekeseni na oyo ya moto mokolo. Lokola tuberculose ewutaka na bato, malamu oyebaka moto oyo azali na yango. Malamu omona dokotolo soki mwana na yo to ndeko alakisaka biloko oyo tokomi na nse: * [[Kokolola]] mpona koleka mposo misatu * [[Fievre]] * Kotoko na mbutu * [[Kokondo]] * Kolemba nzoto noki * Kokolola [[makila]] == Mpona nini mwana na ngai bapesa ye BCG? == Na UK, lokola na bamboka misusu, [[Mobateli ya BCG|BCG]] bapesaka na bana baye bazali mpene ya bato oyo bakoki kozala na TB. Wana ezali mpo bana yango bavandaka bisika ya bato mingi ya TB, ezala baboti to bankoko bauti bisika bato mingi babelaka TB. Na mokuse mbala mingi bana oyo bavandaka na cite ya masikini. Mobateli yango bapesaka na tango mwana abotami kasi bakopesaka mpe na tango nyonso oyo ebongi. == Bamboka oyo ezalaka na babeli mingi ya Tuberculose == [[Image:Flu Vaccine.jpg|thumb|right|Mbala mingi mwana nayo bakobeta ye tonga ya BCG na loboko ya mwasi mpene na lipeka.]] Bamboka oyo tokoma na nse ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB. Soki eyano na yo ya mituni na biso ezali 'oui' 'íyo', sala noki opesa mwana nayo azua [[Mobateli ya BCG|BCG]] soki azui naino te. * Yo, bandeko nayo to tata ya mwana na yo awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Yo na mwana nayo bokokende kovanda koleka sanza moko to bokotambola mingi na mboka nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Nakati ya ndako nayo, to mpene nayo, azali moto oyo akozala mpene na mwana nayo na tango mingi, oyo azali na TB to azalaki na yango kala, to awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo to tangi? == Nzela nini ya koyeba Tuberculose? == Lokola TB ekotaka bisika mingi na nzoto, nzela ya komona yango mpe ezali ndenge na ndenge. TB oyo eyebani mingi nde ya kokolola <pulmonary TB>. Moto oyo azali na yango akolakisa: * kozanga mposa ya koliya na kokondo * kokolola oyo emataka makasi sima ya mposo mine na koleka to basenza * kobimisa soyi mingi; akoki mpe kokolola makila soki nzela ya makila epasuki * komiyoka nzoto elembi tango nyonso * kozala na fievre, mbala mingi na mbutu, oyo epesi kotoko mingi == TB epanzaka ndenge nini? == Nzela ya kopanza TB yango kaka moko: baye bazali na yango nakati ya tolo to na mongongo. Mayi oyo ebimaka na monoko na kokolola nakati ya mopepe nde ezali na maladie. Kasi oyeba te tango mosusu baoyo bazali na yango bakoki te kopanza yango. == Kozua TB ezalaka noki, to makasi? == Penza, ezalaka makasi moto azua TB, mpe esengi tango molayi to kokutana mbala mingi na moto oyo azali na yango, lokola kovanda na ndako moko. Ata ndenge wana, basusu, ata soki bazui TB, bango bakobelaka te. Bato mingi (toloba 9 na kati ya 10) baye bazali na nzoto kolongono, soki bazui yango bakobela te. Baye 10% batikali bakobela, kasi mbala mingi noki te, kasi na sima ata ya bambula 10 na koleka (Comstock, 1982). Wana esalamaka mpo maladie yango ekoki kovanda na nzoto ya moto lokola elali bambula mpe moto azali kobela te. Maladie ekolamuka na sima ya bambula, mbala mingi soki nzoto ezangi komibatela (immunite), lokola moto mobange, bankisi misusu, kobela lokola [[SIDA]] to kovanda na mizele. [ Mpona 10% baye bakobelaka TB, tango ya mabe ezalaka soki ekomi naino mbula mibale te banda bazui yango. Kati ya 1 na 5% ya baye bazui TB babelaka noki wuta bazui yango (Styblo et al., 1969; Sutherland et al., 1976; 1982). Wana babengaka yango kobela mbala moko, na Angle 'primary disease', mpe mbala mingi ezalaka na bana. 'Primary TB' mbala mingi ekoleka emonana te, mpe ekobika yango moko ata soki moto ameli nkisi te, kasi ekoki kozonga sima ya bambula. Ekotika elembo moke nakati ya tolo, na ndenge emonanaka na Rayon-X. == Kozua TB na kobela TB bikeseni? == Mpona bato mingi baoyo bakozua TB, [[mobateli|mibateli]] ya nzoto (immunite) ekobunda kino kosilisa to kokanga emata te. Ndenge wana maladie ekotikala kolala, kasi ezali naino na bomoyi, mpe ekobima lisusu na sima. Ya ndenge oyo babengaka 'latent TB infection'. Baye bazali na latent TB infection: * emonanaka te * bakoyoka kobela te * bakoki kopanza na basusu te * Mbala mingi soki bameki loposo, ekomonana te bazali na yango * Bakoki kobela TB na sima ya bambula Baye bazali kobela TB (‘active TB’) bakolakisaka biloko oyo tokomaki na 'Nzela nini ya koyeba TB'. == TB mabe na yango penza nini? == Soki babikisi te, TB, ata epayi ya bakolo, emataka malembe kino eyi koboma. Mabe mosusu ekopesa meningite. Nzela mosusu, soki babikisi te, nde kobimisa makila tango ya kokolola. TB ekokoma ndongo soki emeseni nkisi, mpo ndenge ya kobikisa ezalaka makasi. Nakati ya UK, TB, ebomaka bato 350 na mbula moko, mingi nakati ya bango mibange, kasi bana mpe bazalaka. Bisika bato bavandaka na bandako oyo ekoki te, na mokili mobimba, bato mingi bakufaka na TB koleka oyo ya UK. == TB bakoki kopekisa na mobateli <vaccination>? == Mobateli ezali ya BCG. Tango mosusu epekisaka TB te. Kasi esalisaka mpona bana baoyo bazali kobela meningite 'TB meningitis' (Rodrigues et al., 1993). Nakati ya UK, BCG tango ya kala bazalaki kopesa bana nyonso ya kelasi. Kasi lokola ndenge ya TB ebaluki, UK ekamati nzela ya kolanda bato moke baoyo bakozala na yango. Mobateli ya BCG ekeseni kolanda epayi okozala na UK, mpo TB ekozala mingi esika moko kasi ezali te esika mosusu. BCG bapesaka bana oyo bavandaka bisika ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB koleka bisika misusu, likolo ya oyo, bapesaka na bana babotami na mboka oyo ezali na bato mingi ya TB. Bapesaka mpe na bana kelasi ya mbula 10 kino 14 soki bazui BCG na kala te. == Soki olingi kokende na mboka mopaya ebongi ozua mobateli ya BCG? == Soki azuaki BCG kala te esengi moto azua yango soki alingi kotambola, kovanda to kosala mosala mpona sanza moko to koleka, na mboka oyo ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB (Immunisation against Infectious Disease, 1996). == Mobateli ya BCG ezali nini? == [[Mobateli]] ya [[Bacillus Calmette-Guèrin]] (BCG) ezali maladie ya TB oyo ezuaka gombe [[Mycobacterium bovis]]. Nakati ya BCG maladie ya TB ezalaka, kasi bakangi yango epesa kobela te. Kasi mpona baye bazangi mobateli ya nzoto, lokola bato ya [[SIDA]], mpona bango BCG ekoki kopesa maladie tango mosusu. BCG batiyaka yango na tonga ya moke na loposo. == Mpona nini, moto liboso ya kopesa ye BCG, ebongi bameka loposo naye? == Moto nyonso oyo azali na sanza 12 to koleka wana, bakomekaka loposo naye liboso ya kopesa ye [[mobateli ya BCG]]. Wana ezali mpona koyeba soki mobateli ya nzoto (immunite) emeseni na TB. Nzela ya koyeba nde kobeta tonga ya [[tuberculin]] – mayi ya proteine basali wuta na 'M. tuberculosis' – na kati ya loposo. Sima ya mikolo 2 - 10, na ndenge ya tonga yango, bakotala esika babeti yango. Soki esika babeti tonga evimbi mpe, ekomi lokola makila, wana elakisi te maladie ezali. Ndenge wana ebongi lisusu te bapesa moto BCG, mpo akozala asiazui TB to maladie mosusu ya ndenge wana. Soki nzoto naye elakisi kozala na maladie ya makasi, wana esengi bameka ye na nzela misusu koyeba soki penza asiazui to abandi kobela TB. Bana oyo bakokisi naino sanza 12 te, bango bazali na posa te ya komeka loposo, liboso ya kozua BCG. == Tuberculose babikisaka yango ndenge nini? == Mbala mingi TB ekoki kobika, kasi moto ebongi asilisa nkisi ya sanza 6 to koleka. Baye babelaka TB mbala mingi bakotaka na opital te. Ata soki bakoti, wana ekozala mpona koyeba soki penza bazali na maladie yango to mpo babanda kozua nkisi. Ata boye, bato ya TB esengi bazala mpene na efimiele ya tolo, tango nyonso ya kozua nkisi mpo bazua yango na ndenge ekoki, mpe soki likambo ya mabe ezali, basala noki moto atika te kozua nkisi. Nzela oyo tomeseni, ezali ya kozua nkisi 'antibiotics' misatu to mine mbala moko mpona sanza mibale, nde sima na yango nkisi mibale mpona sanza mine misusu. Nkisi mine minene ya TB ezali [[isoniazid]], [[rifampicin]], [[pyrazinamide]] na [[ethambutol]]. Eyaka elongo mpona kosalisa soki maladie emeseni nkisi moko, misusu ebunda. Ata boye, maladie ebandi komesana nkisi ya ndenge nyonso. Mbala mingi nkisi esalaka lisusu te mpo moto azalaki kozua yango na ndenge ekoki te, to azuaki yango na ndenge ya mabe to moto asilisaki te kozua nkisi (Conaty et al., 2004). Mikolo oyo batiyaka nkisi mibale to koleka na kati ya na komprime moko. Moto akomela komprime mine to koleka, mokolo moko. Tango mosusu esengi moto azua nkisi mikolo mingi, lokola maladie ya [[TB meningitis]], to soki maladie ebandi komesana na nkisi moko to mibale, wana esengi kobalula nkisi. Soki moto abandi nkisi mpona poso mibale, wana akoki lisusu kopanza TB te, mpe akobanda komiyoka malamu sima ya poso mine. Kasi esengi sanza motoba ya kozua nkisi mpo moto abika. == Tosala nini soki moto azalaka mpene na moto ya TB? == Tango bakuti moto azali na TB, dokotolo akotala soki baye bavandaka naye bakoki kozua yango. Soki emonani te moto akoki kopanza yango, to mwana azali na yango, kasi eyebani te azui yango wapi, wana baye bazalaka mpene naye bakobenga bango mpo bameka eyebana soki bango mpe bazali na yango. Bato wana bakozala bandeko to baye bavandaka na ndako moko. Tango mosusu baninga, lokola baye basalaka elongo, mpe bakobenga bango, kasi mbala mingi tina ya kosala yango ekozala te. Ezalaka mbala mingi te mwana apanza TB – kasi kobela na bango elakisaka te moto mokolo oyo azali kobela TB, azali mpene na mwana wana. Komeka mpona bandeko tina yango koyeba baye basi bazui TB to baye basi babandi kobela. Komeka basalaka na loposo to na Rayon-X. Na kati ya UK mbala mingi soki bameki loposo, elakisaka te moto asiazui maladie (loposo kovimbal mpe kozala lokola makila esika babetaki tonga), kasi wana ezali mpo bazuaki mobateli ya BCG. Soki loposo soolo ezali. Soki TB emonani, wana moto bamemi ye na dokotolo mpe bakopesa ye nkisi ya TB. == Na mokili mobimba == TB ebomaki bato 100 million na bambula 100 oyo eleki, yango Organisation Mondial de Sante eti yango lokola maladie oyo ya koboma bato mingi na mokili 'Global Health Emergency' na 1993 (WHO 1). Emonani lokola 33% ya bato nyonso na mokili bazali na yango. Na mbula moko, bato 9 million ya sika bazuaka yango (WHO 2). Tango nyonso moto moko azuaka yango na second moko. Mpona bato mingi ata soki bazui TB mobateli ya nzoto na bango ekoki kokanga yango babela te. Ata boye, TB ebomaka bato 2 million na mokili na mbula moko, moto moko na second 15 (WHO 3). Kati ya bango, 98% bazali bato ya Tiers Monde, mingi na Asie de Sud na Afrika ya bato mwindo (WHO 4). TB ezali ya liboso mpona koboma basi mpe koleka maladie misusu esalaka bana etike bazala mingi. == Nini bazali kosala mpona kokanga TB na mokili mobimba? == Ebongi bato nyonso na mokili babunda na TB. Kokanga yango esika moko ekosalisa soki bakangi yango bisika misusu. WHO eyi na nzela oyo babengaka <Directly Observed Treatment – Shortcourse> (DOTS) (WHO 5): 1. leta ezala na mposa ya kosalisa 2. nzela ya komeka bato mpo eyabana soki bazali na TB 3. nzela oyo ebandimi ya kozua nkisi ya sanza 6 mpona babeli mpe moto ya kotala te bato bazali kozua nkisi na ndenge ebongi 4. Moto atika te komela nkisi kino abiki, mpe nkisi yango ezala oyo ebongi 5. Kotiya na buku nzela ekoki ya kozua nkisi mpo na sima eyebana ndenge bapesaki nkisi 6068 2005-09-01T16:17:44Z Bombo 12 '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezali maladie oyo ebebisaka esika ya kopomola nakati ya tolo, kasi ekoki mpe kobebisa bisika misusu na nzoto. Na bambula 150 oyo eleki na UK, moto moko na kati ya bato 8 oyo bazalaki kokufa ezalaki mpo ya TB. Kasi na bambula ya 1980, maladie yango emonanaki mingi lisusu te, mpoya bato kozala na ndako ya malamu, koliya malamu mpe koyeba noki na kotiya pembeni baye bazali kobela mpo bazua lobiko noki. Kasi TB esili naino libela te. Ya soolo, TB ezali maladie enyokoloko mingi mokili mikolo oyo. Mbula oyo eleki batu mingi bakufaki na TB-8,000 na mokolo moko- koleka na bambula nyonso oyo esieleki. Na bambula 20 oyo eleki, TB ebandi komata malembemalembe na UK. Sikoyo bato 7,000 bazuaka yango na mbula moko – wana koloba moto moko na kati ya bato 10,000 na mboka mobimba. Buku oyo eyebisaka likolo ya maladie yango, ndenge ya koyeba yango, lobiko na yango, mpe elakisaka ndenge ezali na mboka na biso na kokokisa yango na ndenge ezalaka na mokili mobimba. Buku oyo mpe ezui batoli ya sika mpoya mopekisi ya BCG na UK, mpe babuku misusu na sango oyo nyonso ekosalisa koyeba makambo ya maladi yango na bawebsite. == Tuberculose ezali nini? == [[Image:TB AFB smear.jpg|thumb|right|tuberculose]] '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezali maladie ya mabe oyo ekoki kovimbisa nakati ya moto ya mwana, na Angle [[TB meningitis]]. Mpona bato bakolo, mbala mingi ebebisaka esika ya kopomola, kasi ekoki kobebisa mpe mikua, nakati ya moto to bisika misusu. Awa na mboka na biso, bato mingi baye bazuaka TB babikaka, kasi esengi sanza mingi mpo babika. TB ezali maladie ya makasi, kasi ebikaka, ewutaka na 'Mycobacterium Tuberculosis' tuberculosis to M. Tb na mokuse). Mbala mingi ekotaka na tolo esika ya kopumola Angle 'pulmonary TB') kasi ekoki mpe kokota bisika misusu na nzoto lokola nakati kingo, mikua to biloko na libumu. Ekoki mpe kopesa meningite. Maladie mosusu, M. bovis, ekokani na TB kasi yango ezuaka banyama, mbala mingi gombe ('bovine TB'). M. bovis mpe ekoki kozua moto lokola kala, tango bato bayebaki naino te ndenge ya kobatela mabele <pasteurisation> to koluka TB na gombe. == Tuberculose moto azuaka ndenge nini? == Nzela oyo monene ya kozua TB nde ewutaka na moto oyo azali na yango na nzoto naye, oyo azali kokolola. Soki akololi abimisaka maladie nakati ya soyi. Soki moto ozui soyi yango na tango ya kopomola, wana okoki kozua TB. Soyi yango ekoki kovanda na mopepe na tango molayi kasi wana mbala mingi epesaka maladie te. Nzela oyo monene ezali kaka soki ozalaka mpene mpe mpona tango molayi na moto oyo azali na yango. == Tuberculose ezalaka bisika mingi? == Nakati ya UK na bambula ya 1950, batu koleka 50,000 bazalaki kozua TB na mbula moko. Mikolo oyo ezongi ti batu 7,000 baye bazuaka na mbula moko, kasi soki okokisi yango na bambula ya 1990, tango wana ezalaki bato 5,500. Yango okomona te ezali komata lisusu. Wana omoni te kozua TB ezali noki te, kasi ebongi ozala ekenge na ndenge ya koyeba yango mpo, na mokili mobimba TB ezali bisika mingi. Lokola batu mingi batambolaka na mokili, bango bakoki kozua yango mpe bakotisi yango na mboka na biso. == Tuberculose emonanaka ndenge nini? == Tuberculose ekoki kobebisa esika nyonso ya nzoto, ndenge wana, ndenge ekomonana na mwana ekeseni na oyo ya moto mokolo. Lokola tuberculose ewutaka na bato, malamu oyebaka moto oyo azali na yango. Malamu omona dokotolo soki mwana na yo to ndeko alakisaka biloko oyo tokomi na nse: * [[Kokolola]] mpona koleka mposo misatu * [[Fievre]] * Kotoko na mbutu * [[Kokondo]] * Kolemba nzoto noki * Kokolola [[makila]] == Mpona nini mwana na ngai bapesa ye BCG? == Na UK, lokola na bamboka misusu, [[Mobateli ya BCG|BCG]] bapesaka na bana baye bazali mpene ya bato oyo bakoki kozala na TB. Wana ezali mpo bana yango bavandaka bisika ya bato mingi ya TB, ezala baboti to bankoko bauti bisika bato mingi babelaka TB. Na mokuse mbala mingi bana oyo bavandaka na cite ya masikini. Mobateli yango bapesaka na tango mwana abotami kasi bakopesaka mpe na tango nyonso oyo ebongi. == Bamboka oyo ezalaka na babeli mingi ya Tuberculose == [[Image:Flu Vaccine.jpg|thumb|right|Mbala mingi mwana nayo bakobeta ye tonga ya BCG na loboko ya mwasi mpene na lipeka.]] Bamboka oyo tokoma na nse ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB. Soki eyano na yo ya mituni na biso ezali 'oui' 'íyo', sala noki opesa mwana nayo azua [[Mobateli ya BCG|BCG]] soki azui naino te. * Yo, bandeko nayo to tata ya mwana na yo awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Yo na mwana nayo bokokende kovanda koleka sanza moko to bokotambola mingi na mboka nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Nakati ya ndako nayo, to mpene nayo, azali moto oyo akozala mpene na mwana nayo na tango mingi, oyo azali na TB to azalaki na yango kala, to awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo to tangi? == Nzela nini ya koyeba Tuberculose? == Lokola TB ekotaka bisika mingi na nzoto, nzela ya komona yango mpe ezali ndenge na ndenge. TB oyo eyebani mingi nde ya kokolola <pulmonary TB>. Moto oyo azali na yango akolakisa: * kozanga mposa ya koliya na kokondo * kokolola oyo emataka makasi sima ya mposo mine na koleka to basenza * kobimisa soyi mingi; akoki mpe kokolola makila soki nzela ya makila epasuki * komiyoka nzoto elembi tango nyonso * kozala na fievre, mbala mingi na mbutu, oyo epesi kotoko mingi == TB epanzaka ndenge nini? == Nzela ya kopanza TB yango kaka moko: baye bazali na yango nakati ya tolo to na mongongo. Mayi oyo ebimaka na monoko na kokolola nakati ya mopepe nde ezali na maladie. Kasi oyeba te tango mosusu baoyo bazali na yango bakoki te kopanza yango. == Kozua TB ezalaka noki, to makasi? == Penza, ezalaka makasi moto azua TB, mpe esengi tango molayi to kokutana mbala mingi na moto oyo azali na yango, lokola kovanda na ndako moko. Ata ndenge wana, basusu, ata soki bazui TB, bango bakobelaka te. Bato mingi (toloba 9 na kati ya 10) baye bazali na nzoto kolongono, soki bazui yango bakobela te. Baye 10% batikali bakobela, kasi mbala mingi noki te, kasi na sima ata ya bambula 10 na koleka (Comstock, 1982). Wana esalamaka mpo maladie yango ekoki kovanda na nzoto ya moto lokola elali bambula mpe moto azali kobela te. Maladie ekolamuka na sima ya bambula, mbala mingi soki nzoto ezangi komibatela (immunite), lokola moto mobange, bankisi misusu, kobela lokola [[SIDA]] to kovanda na mizele. [ Mpona 10% baye bakobelaka TB, tango ya mabe ezalaka soki ekomi naino mbula mibale te banda bazui yango. Kati ya 1 na 5% ya baye bazui TB babelaka noki wuta bazui yango (Styblo et al., 1969; Sutherland et al., 1976; 1982). Wana babengaka yango kobela mbala moko, na Angle 'primary disease', mpe mbala mingi ezalaka na bana. 'Primary TB' mbala mingi ekoleka emonana te, mpe ekobika yango moko ata soki moto ameli nkisi te, kasi ekoki kozonga sima ya bambula. Ekotika elembo moke nakati ya tolo, na ndenge emonanaka na Rayon-X. == Kozua TB na kobela TB bikeseni? == Mpona bato mingi baoyo bakozua TB, [[mobateli|mibateli]] ya nzoto (immunite) ekobunda kino kosilisa to kokanga emata te. Ndenge wana maladie ekotikala kolala, kasi ezali naino na bomoyi, mpe ekobima lisusu na sima. Ya ndenge oyo babengaka 'latent TB infection'. Baye bazali na latent TB infection: * emonanaka te * bakoyoka kobela te * bakoki kopanza na basusu te * Mbala mingi soki bameki loposo, ekomonana te bazali na yango * Bakoki kobela TB na sima ya bambula Baye bazali kobela TB (‘active TB’) bakolakisaka biloko oyo tokomaki na 'Nzela nini ya koyeba TB'. == TB mabe na yango penza nini? == Soki babikisi te, TB, ata epayi ya bakolo, emataka malembe kino eyi koboma. Mabe mosusu ekopesa meningite. Nzela mosusu, soki babikisi te, nde kobimisa makila tango ya kokolola. TB ekokoma ndongo soki emeseni nkisi, mpo ndenge ya kobikisa ezalaka makasi. Nakati ya UK, TB, ebomaka bato 350 na mbula moko, mingi nakati ya bango mibange, kasi bana mpe bazalaka. Bisika bato bavandaka na bandako oyo ekoki te, na mokili mobimba, bato mingi bakufaka na TB koleka oyo ya UK. == TB bakoki kopekisa na mobateli <vaccination>? == Mobateli ezali ya BCG. Tango mosusu epekisaka TB te. Kasi esalisaka mpona bana baoyo bazali kobela meningite 'TB meningitis' (Rodrigues et al., 1993). Nakati ya UK, BCG tango ya kala bazalaki kopesa bana nyonso ya kelasi. Kasi lokola ndenge ya TB ebaluki, UK ekamati nzela ya kolanda bato moke baoyo bakozala na yango. Mobateli ya BCG ekeseni kolanda epayi okozala na UK, mpo TB ekozala mingi esika moko kasi ezali te esika mosusu. BCG bapesaka bana oyo bavandaka bisika ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB koleka bisika misusu, likolo ya oyo, bapesaka na bana babotami na mboka oyo ezali na bato mingi ya TB. Bapesaka mpe na bana kelasi ya mbula 10 kino 14 soki bazui BCG na kala te. == Soki olingi kokende na mboka mopaya ebongi ozua mobateli ya BCG? == Soki azuaki BCG kala te esengi moto azua yango soki alingi kotambola, kovanda to kosala mosala mpona sanza moko to koleka, na mboka oyo ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB (Immunisation against Infectious Disease, 1996). == Mobateli ya BCG ezali nini? == [[Mobateli]] ya [[Bacillus Calmette-Guèrin]] (BCG) ezali maladie ya TB oyo ezuaka gombe [[Mycobacterium bovis]]. Nakati ya BCG maladie ya TB ezalaka, kasi bakangi yango epesa kobela te. Kasi mpona baye bazangi mobateli ya nzoto, lokola bato ya [[SIDA]], mpona bango BCG ekoki kopesa maladie tango mosusu. BCG batiyaka yango na tonga ya moke na loposo. == Mpona nini, moto liboso ya kopesa ye BCG, ebongi bameka loposo naye? == Moto nyonso oyo azali na sanza 12 to koleka wana, bakomekaka loposo naye liboso ya kopesa ye [[mobateli ya BCG]]. Wana ezali mpona koyeba soki mobateli ya nzoto (immunite) emeseni na TB. Nzela ya koyeba nde kobeta tonga ya [[tuberculin]] – mayi ya proteine basali wuta na 'M. tuberculosis' – na kati ya loposo. Sima ya mikolo 2 - 10, na ndenge ya tonga yango, bakotala esika babeti yango. Soki esika babeti tonga evimbi mpe, ekomi lokola makila, wana elakisi te maladie ezali. Ndenge wana ebongi lisusu te bapesa moto BCG, mpo akozala asiazui TB to maladie mosusu ya ndenge wana. Soki nzoto naye elakisi kozala na maladie ya makasi, wana esengi bameka ye na nzela misusu koyeba soki penza asiazui to abandi kobela TB. Bana oyo bakokisi naino sanza 12 te, bango bazali na posa te ya komeka loposo, liboso ya kozua BCG. == Tuberculose babikisaka yango ndenge nini? == Mbala mingi TB ekoki kobika, kasi moto ebongi asilisa nkisi ya sanza 6 to koleka. Baye babelaka TB mbala mingi bakotaka na opital te. Ata soki bakoti, wana ekozala mpona koyeba soki penza bazali na maladie yango to mpo babanda kozua nkisi. Ata boye, bato ya TB esengi bazala mpene na efimiele ya tolo, tango nyonso ya kozua nkisi mpo bazua yango na ndenge ekoki, mpe soki likambo ya mabe ezali, basala noki moto atika te kozua nkisi. Nzela oyo tomeseni, ezali ya kozua nkisi 'antibiotics' misatu to mine mbala moko mpona sanza mibale, nde sima na yango nkisi mibale mpona sanza mine misusu. Nkisi mine minene ya TB ezali [[isoniazid]], [[rifampicin]], [[pyrazinamide]] na [[ethambutol]]. Eyaka elongo mpona kosalisa soki maladie emeseni nkisi moko, misusu ebunda. Ata boye, maladie ebandi komesana nkisi ya ndenge nyonso. Mbala mingi nkisi esalaka lisusu te mpo moto azalaki kozua yango na ndenge ekoki te, to azuaki yango na ndenge ya mabe to moto asilisaki te kozua nkisi (Conaty et al., 2004). Mikolo oyo batiyaka nkisi mibale to koleka na kati ya na komprime moko. Moto akomela komprime mine to koleka, mokolo moko. Tango mosusu esengi moto azua nkisi mikolo mingi, lokola maladie ya [[TB meningitis]], to soki maladie ebandi komesana na nkisi moko to mibale, wana esengi kobalula nkisi. Soki moto abandi nkisi mpona poso mibale, wana akoki lisusu kopanza TB te, mpe akobanda komiyoka malamu sima ya poso mine. Kasi esengi sanza motoba ya kozua nkisi mpo moto abika. == Tosala nini soki moto azalaka mpene na moto ya TB? == Tango bakuti moto azali na TB, dokotolo akotala soki baye bavandaka naye bakoki kozua yango. Soki emonani te moto akoki kopanza yango, to mwana azali na yango, kasi eyebani te azui yango wapi, wana baye bazalaka mpene naye bakobenga bango mpo bameka eyebana soki bango mpe bazali na yango. Bato wana bakozala bandeko to baye bavandaka na ndako moko. Tango mosusu baninga, lokola baye basalaka elongo, mpe bakobenga bango, kasi mbala mingi tina ya kosala yango ekozala te. Ezalaka mbala mingi te mwana apanza TB – kasi kobela na bango elakisaka te moto mokolo oyo azali kobela TB, azali mpene na mwana wana. Komeka mpona bandeko tina yango koyeba baye basi bazui TB to baye basi babandi kobela. Komeka basalaka na loposo to na Rayon-X. Na kati ya UK mbala mingi soki bameki loposo, elakisaka te moto asiazui maladie (loposo kovimbal mpe kozala lokola makila esika babetaki tonga), kasi wana ezali mpo bazuaki mobateli ya BCG. Soki loposo soolo ezali. Soki TB emonani, wana moto bamemi ye na dokotolo mpe bakopesa ye nkisi ya TB. == Na mokili mobimba == TB ebomaki bato 100 million na bambula 100 oyo eleki, yango Organisation Mondial de Sante eti yango lokola maladie oyo ya koboma bato mingi na mokili 'Global Health Emergency' na 1993 (WHO 1). Emonani lokola 33% ya bato nyonso na mokili bazali na yango. Na mbula moko, bato 9 million ya sika bazuaka yango (WHO 2). Tango nyonso moto moko azuaka yango na second moko. Mpona bato mingi ata soki bazui TB mobateli ya nzoto na bango ekoki kokanga yango babela te. Ata boye, TB ebomaka bato 2 million na mokili na mbula moko, moto moko na second 15 (WHO 3). Kati ya bango, 98% bazali bato ya Tiers Monde, mingi na Asie de Sud na Afrika ya bato mwindo (WHO 4). TB ezali ya liboso mpona koboma basi mpe koleka maladie misusu esalaka bana etike bazala mingi. == Nini bazali kosala mpona kokanga TB na mokili mobimba? == Ebongi bato nyonso na mokili babunda na TB. Kokanga yango esika moko ekosalisa soki bakangi yango bisika misusu. WHO eyi na nzela oyo babengaka <Directly Observed Treatment – Shortcourse> (DOTS) (WHO 5): 1. leta ezala na mposa ya kosalisa 2. nzela ya komeka bato mpo eyabana soki bazali na TB 3. nzela oyo ebandimi ya kozua nkisi ya sanza 6 mpona babeli mpe moto ya kotala te bato bazali kozua nkisi na ndenge ebongi 4. Moto atika te komela nkisi kino abiki, mpe nkisi yango ezala oyo ebongi 5. Kotiya na buku nzela ekoki ya kozua nkisi mpo na sima eyebana ndenge bapesaki nkisi 6069 2005-09-01T16:32:45Z Bombo 12 /* Kozua TB ezalaka noki, to makasi? */ '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezali maladie oyo ebebisaka esika ya kopomola nakati ya tolo, kasi ekoki mpe kobebisa bisika misusu na nzoto. Na bambula 150 oyo eleki na UK, moto moko na kati ya bato 8 oyo bazalaki kokufa ezalaki mpo ya TB. Kasi na bambula ya 1980, maladie yango emonanaki mingi lisusu te, mpoya bato kozala na ndako ya malamu, koliya malamu mpe koyeba noki na kotiya pembeni baye bazali kobela mpo bazua lobiko noki. Kasi TB esili naino libela te. Ya soolo, TB ezali maladie enyokoloko mingi mokili mikolo oyo. Mbula oyo eleki batu mingi bakufaki na TB-8,000 na mokolo moko- koleka na bambula nyonso oyo esieleki. Na bambula 20 oyo eleki, TB ebandi komata malembemalembe na UK. Sikoyo bato 7,000 bazuaka yango na mbula moko – wana koloba moto moko na kati ya bato 10,000 na mboka mobimba. Buku oyo eyebisaka likolo ya maladie yango, ndenge ya koyeba yango, lobiko na yango, mpe elakisaka ndenge ezali na mboka na biso na kokokisa yango na ndenge ezalaka na mokili mobimba. Buku oyo mpe ezui batoli ya sika mpoya mopekisi ya BCG na UK, mpe babuku misusu na sango oyo nyonso ekosalisa koyeba makambo ya maladi yango na bawebsite. == Tuberculose ezali nini? == [[Image:TB AFB smear.jpg|thumb|right|tuberculose]] '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezali maladie ya mabe oyo ekoki kovimbisa nakati ya moto ya mwana, na Angle [[TB meningitis]]. Mpona bato bakolo, mbala mingi ebebisaka esika ya kopomola, kasi ekoki kobebisa mpe mikua, nakati ya moto to bisika misusu. Awa na mboka na biso, bato mingi baye bazuaka TB babikaka, kasi esengi sanza mingi mpo babika. TB ezali maladie ya makasi, kasi ebikaka, ewutaka na 'Mycobacterium Tuberculosis' tuberculosis to M. Tb na mokuse). Mbala mingi ekotaka na tolo esika ya kopumola Angle 'pulmonary TB') kasi ekoki mpe kokota bisika misusu na nzoto lokola nakati kingo, mikua to biloko na libumu. Ekoki mpe kopesa meningite. Maladie mosusu, M. bovis, ekokani na TB kasi yango ezuaka banyama, mbala mingi gombe ('bovine TB'). M. bovis mpe ekoki kozua moto lokola kala, tango bato bayebaki naino te ndenge ya kobatela mabele <pasteurisation> to koluka TB na gombe. == Tuberculose moto azuaka ndenge nini? == Nzela oyo monene ya kozua TB nde ewutaka na moto oyo azali na yango na nzoto naye, oyo azali kokolola. Soki akololi abimisaka maladie nakati ya soyi. Soki moto ozui soyi yango na tango ya kopomola, wana okoki kozua TB. Soyi yango ekoki kovanda na mopepe na tango molayi kasi wana mbala mingi epesaka maladie te. Nzela oyo monene ezali kaka soki ozalaka mpene mpe mpona tango molayi na moto oyo azali na yango. == Tuberculose ezalaka bisika mingi? == Nakati ya UK na bambula ya 1950, batu koleka 50,000 bazalaki kozua TB na mbula moko. Mikolo oyo ezongi ti batu 7,000 baye bazuaka na mbula moko, kasi soki okokisi yango na bambula ya 1990, tango wana ezalaki bato 5,500. Yango okomona te ezali komata lisusu. Wana omoni te kozua TB ezali noki te, kasi ebongi ozala ekenge na ndenge ya koyeba yango mpo, na mokili mobimba TB ezali bisika mingi. Lokola batu mingi batambolaka na mokili, bango bakoki kozua yango mpe bakotisi yango na mboka na biso. == Tuberculose emonanaka ndenge nini? == Tuberculose ekoki kobebisa esika nyonso ya nzoto, ndenge wana, ndenge ekomonana na mwana ekeseni na oyo ya moto mokolo. Lokola tuberculose ewutaka na bato, malamu oyebaka moto oyo azali na yango. Malamu omona dokotolo soki mwana na yo to ndeko alakisaka biloko oyo tokomi na nse: * [[Kokolola]] mpona koleka mposo misatu * [[Fievre]] * Kotoko na mbutu * [[Kokondo]] * Kolemba nzoto noki * Kokolola [[makila]] == Mpona nini mwana na ngai bapesa ye BCG? == Na UK, lokola na bamboka misusu, [[Mobateli ya BCG|BCG]] bapesaka na bana baye bazali mpene ya bato oyo bakoki kozala na TB. Wana ezali mpo bana yango bavandaka bisika ya bato mingi ya TB, ezala baboti to bankoko bauti bisika bato mingi babelaka TB. Na mokuse mbala mingi bana oyo bavandaka na cite ya masikini. Mobateli yango bapesaka na tango mwana abotami kasi bakopesaka mpe na tango nyonso oyo ebongi. == Bamboka oyo ezalaka na babeli mingi ya Tuberculose == [[Image:Flu Vaccine.jpg|thumb|right|Mbala mingi mwana nayo bakobeta ye tonga ya BCG na loboko ya mwasi mpene na lipeka.]] Bamboka oyo tokoma na nse ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB. Soki eyano na yo ya mituni na biso ezali 'oui' 'íyo', sala noki opesa mwana nayo azua [[Mobateli ya BCG|BCG]] soki azui naino te. * Yo, bandeko nayo to tata ya mwana na yo awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Yo na mwana nayo bokokende kovanda koleka sanza moko to bokotambola mingi na mboka nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Nakati ya ndako nayo, to mpene nayo, azali moto oyo akozala mpene na mwana nayo na tango mingi, oyo azali na TB to azalaki na yango kala, to awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo to tangi? == Nzela nini ya koyeba Tuberculose? == Lokola TB ekotaka bisika mingi na nzoto, nzela ya komona yango mpe ezali ndenge na ndenge. TB oyo eyebani mingi nde ya kokolola <pulmonary TB>. Moto oyo azali na yango akolakisa: * kozanga mposa ya koliya na kokondo * kokolola oyo emataka makasi sima ya mposo mine na koleka to basenza * kobimisa soyi mingi; akoki mpe kokolola makila soki nzela ya makila epasuki * komiyoka nzoto elembi tango nyonso * kozala na fievre, mbala mingi na mbutu, oyo epesi kotoko mingi == TB epanzaka ndenge nini? == Nzela ya kopanza TB yango kaka moko: baye bazali na yango nakati ya tolo to na mongongo. Mayi oyo ebimaka na monoko na kokolola nakati ya mopepe nde ezali na maladie. Kasi oyeba te tango mosusu baoyo bazali na yango bakoki te kopanza yango. == Kozua TB ezalaka noki, to makasi? == Penza, ezalaka makasi moto azua TB, mpe esengi tango molayi to kokutana mbala mingi na moto oyo azali na yango, lokola kovanda na ndako moko. Ata ndenge wana, basusu, ata soki bazui TB, bango bakobelaka te. Bato mingi (toloba 9 na kati ya 10) baye bazali na nzoto kolongono, soki bazui yango bakobela te. Baye 10% batikali bakobela, kasi mbala mingi noki te, kasi na sima ata ya bambula 10 na koleka (Comstock, 1982). Wana esalamaka mpo maladie yango ekoki kovanda na nzoto ya moto lokola elali bambula mpe moto azali kobela te. Maladie ekolamuka na sima ya bambula, mbala mingi soki nzoto ezangi komibatela (immunite), lokola moto mobange, bankisi misusu, kobela lokola [[Sida]] to kovanda na mizele. [ Mpona 10% baye bakobelaka TB, tango ya mabe ezalaka soki ekomi naino mbula mibale te banda bazui yango. Kati ya 1 na 5% ya baye bazui TB babelaka noki wuta bazui yango (Styblo et al., 1969; Sutherland et al., 1976; 1982). Wana babengaka yango kobela mbala moko, na Angle 'primary disease', mpe mbala mingi ezalaka na bana. 'Primary TB' mbala mingi ekoleka emonana te, mpe ekobika yango moko ata soki moto ameli nkisi te, kasi ekoki kozonga sima ya bambula. Ekotika elembo moke nakati ya tolo, na ndenge emonanaka na Rayon-X. == Kozua TB na kobela TB bikeseni? == Mpona bato mingi baoyo bakozua TB, [[mobateli|mibateli]] ya nzoto (immunite) ekobunda kino kosilisa to kokanga emata te. Ndenge wana maladie ekotikala kolala, kasi ezali naino na bomoyi, mpe ekobima lisusu na sima. Ya ndenge oyo babengaka 'latent TB infection'. Baye bazali na latent TB infection: * emonanaka te * bakoyoka kobela te * bakoki kopanza na basusu te * Mbala mingi soki bameki loposo, ekomonana te bazali na yango * Bakoki kobela TB na sima ya bambula Baye bazali kobela TB (‘active TB’) bakolakisaka biloko oyo tokomaki na 'Nzela nini ya koyeba TB'. == TB mabe na yango penza nini? == Soki babikisi te, TB, ata epayi ya bakolo, emataka malembe kino eyi koboma. Mabe mosusu ekopesa meningite. Nzela mosusu, soki babikisi te, nde kobimisa makila tango ya kokolola. TB ekokoma ndongo soki emeseni nkisi, mpo ndenge ya kobikisa ezalaka makasi. Nakati ya UK, TB, ebomaka bato 350 na mbula moko, mingi nakati ya bango mibange, kasi bana mpe bazalaka. Bisika bato bavandaka na bandako oyo ekoki te, na mokili mobimba, bato mingi bakufaka na TB koleka oyo ya UK. == TB bakoki kopekisa na mobateli <vaccination>? == Mobateli ezali ya BCG. Tango mosusu epekisaka TB te. Kasi esalisaka mpona bana baoyo bazali kobela meningite 'TB meningitis' (Rodrigues et al., 1993). Nakati ya UK, BCG tango ya kala bazalaki kopesa bana nyonso ya kelasi. Kasi lokola ndenge ya TB ebaluki, UK ekamati nzela ya kolanda bato moke baoyo bakozala na yango. Mobateli ya BCG ekeseni kolanda epayi okozala na UK, mpo TB ekozala mingi esika moko kasi ezali te esika mosusu. BCG bapesaka bana oyo bavandaka bisika ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB koleka bisika misusu, likolo ya oyo, bapesaka na bana babotami na mboka oyo ezali na bato mingi ya TB. Bapesaka mpe na bana kelasi ya mbula 10 kino 14 soki bazui BCG na kala te. == Soki olingi kokende na mboka mopaya ebongi ozua mobateli ya BCG? == Soki azuaki BCG kala te esengi moto azua yango soki alingi kotambola, kovanda to kosala mosala mpona sanza moko to koleka, na mboka oyo ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB (Immunisation against Infectious Disease, 1996). == Mobateli ya BCG ezali nini? == [[Mobateli]] ya [[Bacillus Calmette-Guèrin]] (BCG) ezali maladie ya TB oyo ezuaka gombe [[Mycobacterium bovis]]. Nakati ya BCG maladie ya TB ezalaka, kasi bakangi yango epesa kobela te. Kasi mpona baye bazangi mobateli ya nzoto, lokola bato ya [[SIDA]], mpona bango BCG ekoki kopesa maladie tango mosusu. BCG batiyaka yango na tonga ya moke na loposo. == Mpona nini, moto liboso ya kopesa ye BCG, ebongi bameka loposo naye? == Moto nyonso oyo azali na sanza 12 to koleka wana, bakomekaka loposo naye liboso ya kopesa ye [[mobateli ya BCG]]. Wana ezali mpona koyeba soki mobateli ya nzoto (immunite) emeseni na TB. Nzela ya koyeba nde kobeta tonga ya [[tuberculin]] – mayi ya proteine basali wuta na 'M. tuberculosis' – na kati ya loposo. Sima ya mikolo 2 - 10, na ndenge ya tonga yango, bakotala esika babeti yango. Soki esika babeti tonga evimbi mpe, ekomi lokola makila, wana elakisi te maladie ezali. Ndenge wana ebongi lisusu te bapesa moto BCG, mpo akozala asiazui TB to maladie mosusu ya ndenge wana. Soki nzoto naye elakisi kozala na maladie ya makasi, wana esengi bameka ye na nzela misusu koyeba soki penza asiazui to abandi kobela TB. Bana oyo bakokisi naino sanza 12 te, bango bazali na posa te ya komeka loposo, liboso ya kozua BCG. == Tuberculose babikisaka yango ndenge nini? == Mbala mingi TB ekoki kobika, kasi moto ebongi asilisa nkisi ya sanza 6 to koleka. Baye babelaka TB mbala mingi bakotaka na opital te. Ata soki bakoti, wana ekozala mpona koyeba soki penza bazali na maladie yango to mpo babanda kozua nkisi. Ata boye, bato ya TB esengi bazala mpene na efimiele ya tolo, tango nyonso ya kozua nkisi mpo bazua yango na ndenge ekoki, mpe soki likambo ya mabe ezali, basala noki moto atika te kozua nkisi. Nzela oyo tomeseni, ezali ya kozua nkisi 'antibiotics' misatu to mine mbala moko mpona sanza mibale, nde sima na yango nkisi mibale mpona sanza mine misusu. Nkisi mine minene ya TB ezali [[isoniazid]], [[rifampicin]], [[pyrazinamide]] na [[ethambutol]]. Eyaka elongo mpona kosalisa soki maladie emeseni nkisi moko, misusu ebunda. Ata boye, maladie ebandi komesana nkisi ya ndenge nyonso. Mbala mingi nkisi esalaka lisusu te mpo moto azalaki kozua yango na ndenge ekoki te, to azuaki yango na ndenge ya mabe to moto asilisaki te kozua nkisi (Conaty et al., 2004). Mikolo oyo batiyaka nkisi mibale to koleka na kati ya na komprime moko. Moto akomela komprime mine to koleka, mokolo moko. Tango mosusu esengi moto azua nkisi mikolo mingi, lokola maladie ya [[TB meningitis]], to soki maladie ebandi komesana na nkisi moko to mibale, wana esengi kobalula nkisi. Soki moto abandi nkisi mpona poso mibale, wana akoki lisusu kopanza TB te, mpe akobanda komiyoka malamu sima ya poso mine. Kasi esengi sanza motoba ya kozua nkisi mpo moto abika. == Tosala nini soki moto azalaka mpene na moto ya TB? == Tango bakuti moto azali na TB, dokotolo akotala soki baye bavandaka naye bakoki kozua yango. Soki emonani te moto akoki kopanza yango, to mwana azali na yango, kasi eyebani te azui yango wapi, wana baye bazalaka mpene naye bakobenga bango mpo bameka eyebana soki bango mpe bazali na yango. Bato wana bakozala bandeko to baye bavandaka na ndako moko. Tango mosusu baninga, lokola baye basalaka elongo, mpe bakobenga bango, kasi mbala mingi tina ya kosala yango ekozala te. Ezalaka mbala mingi te mwana apanza TB – kasi kobela na bango elakisaka te moto mokolo oyo azali kobela TB, azali mpene na mwana wana. Komeka mpona bandeko tina yango koyeba baye basi bazui TB to baye basi babandi kobela. Komeka basalaka na loposo to na Rayon-X. Na kati ya UK mbala mingi soki bameki loposo, elakisaka te moto asiazui maladie (loposo kovimbal mpe kozala lokola makila esika babetaki tonga), kasi wana ezali mpo bazuaki mobateli ya BCG. Soki loposo soolo ezali. Soki TB emonani, wana moto bamemi ye na dokotolo mpe bakopesa ye nkisi ya TB. == Na mokili mobimba == TB ebomaki bato 100 million na bambula 100 oyo eleki, yango Organisation Mondial de Sante eti yango lokola maladie oyo ya koboma bato mingi na mokili 'Global Health Emergency' na 1993 (WHO 1). Emonani lokola 33% ya bato nyonso na mokili bazali na yango. Na mbula moko, bato 9 million ya sika bazuaka yango (WHO 2). Tango nyonso moto moko azuaka yango na second moko. Mpona bato mingi ata soki bazui TB mobateli ya nzoto na bango ekoki kokanga yango babela te. Ata boye, TB ebomaka bato 2 million na mokili na mbula moko, moto moko na second 15 (WHO 3). Kati ya bango, 98% bazali bato ya Tiers Monde, mingi na Asie de Sud na Afrika ya bato mwindo (WHO 4). TB ezali ya liboso mpona koboma basi mpe koleka maladie misusu esalaka bana etike bazala mingi. == Nini bazali kosala mpona kokanga TB na mokili mobimba? == Ebongi bato nyonso na mokili babunda na TB. Kokanga yango esika moko ekosalisa soki bakangi yango bisika misusu. WHO eyi na nzela oyo babengaka <Directly Observed Treatment – Shortcourse> (DOTS) (WHO 5): 1. leta ezala na mposa ya kosalisa 2. nzela ya komeka bato mpo eyabana soki bazali na TB 3. nzela oyo ebandimi ya kozua nkisi ya sanza 6 mpona babeli mpe moto ya kotala te bato bazali kozua nkisi na ndenge ebongi 4. Moto atika te komela nkisi kino abiki, mpe nkisi yango ezala oyo ebongi 5. Kotiya na buku nzela ekoki ya kozua nkisi mpo na sima eyebana ndenge bapesaki nkisi 6070 2005-09-01T16:33:12Z Bombo 12 /* Mobateli ya BCG ezali nini? */ '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezali maladie oyo ebebisaka esika ya kopomola nakati ya tolo, kasi ekoki mpe kobebisa bisika misusu na nzoto. Na bambula 150 oyo eleki na UK, moto moko na kati ya bato 8 oyo bazalaki kokufa ezalaki mpo ya TB. Kasi na bambula ya 1980, maladie yango emonanaki mingi lisusu te, mpoya bato kozala na ndako ya malamu, koliya malamu mpe koyeba noki na kotiya pembeni baye bazali kobela mpo bazua lobiko noki. Kasi TB esili naino libela te. Ya soolo, TB ezali maladie enyokoloko mingi mokili mikolo oyo. Mbula oyo eleki batu mingi bakufaki na TB-8,000 na mokolo moko- koleka na bambula nyonso oyo esieleki. Na bambula 20 oyo eleki, TB ebandi komata malembemalembe na UK. Sikoyo bato 7,000 bazuaka yango na mbula moko – wana koloba moto moko na kati ya bato 10,000 na mboka mobimba. Buku oyo eyebisaka likolo ya maladie yango, ndenge ya koyeba yango, lobiko na yango, mpe elakisaka ndenge ezali na mboka na biso na kokokisa yango na ndenge ezalaka na mokili mobimba. Buku oyo mpe ezui batoli ya sika mpoya mopekisi ya BCG na UK, mpe babuku misusu na sango oyo nyonso ekosalisa koyeba makambo ya maladi yango na bawebsite. == Tuberculose ezali nini? == [[Image:TB AFB smear.jpg|thumb|right|tuberculose]] '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezali maladie ya mabe oyo ekoki kovimbisa nakati ya moto ya mwana, na Angle [[TB meningitis]]. Mpona bato bakolo, mbala mingi ebebisaka esika ya kopomola, kasi ekoki kobebisa mpe mikua, nakati ya moto to bisika misusu. Awa na mboka na biso, bato mingi baye bazuaka TB babikaka, kasi esengi sanza mingi mpo babika. TB ezali maladie ya makasi, kasi ebikaka, ewutaka na 'Mycobacterium Tuberculosis' tuberculosis to M. Tb na mokuse). Mbala mingi ekotaka na tolo esika ya kopumola Angle 'pulmonary TB') kasi ekoki mpe kokota bisika misusu na nzoto lokola nakati kingo, mikua to biloko na libumu. Ekoki mpe kopesa meningite. Maladie mosusu, M. bovis, ekokani na TB kasi yango ezuaka banyama, mbala mingi gombe ('bovine TB'). M. bovis mpe ekoki kozua moto lokola kala, tango bato bayebaki naino te ndenge ya kobatela mabele <pasteurisation> to koluka TB na gombe. == Tuberculose moto azuaka ndenge nini? == Nzela oyo monene ya kozua TB nde ewutaka na moto oyo azali na yango na nzoto naye, oyo azali kokolola. Soki akololi abimisaka maladie nakati ya soyi. Soki moto ozui soyi yango na tango ya kopomola, wana okoki kozua TB. Soyi yango ekoki kovanda na mopepe na tango molayi kasi wana mbala mingi epesaka maladie te. Nzela oyo monene ezali kaka soki ozalaka mpene mpe mpona tango molayi na moto oyo azali na yango. == Tuberculose ezalaka bisika mingi? == Nakati ya UK na bambula ya 1950, batu koleka 50,000 bazalaki kozua TB na mbula moko. Mikolo oyo ezongi ti batu 7,000 baye bazuaka na mbula moko, kasi soki okokisi yango na bambula ya 1990, tango wana ezalaki bato 5,500. Yango okomona te ezali komata lisusu. Wana omoni te kozua TB ezali noki te, kasi ebongi ozala ekenge na ndenge ya koyeba yango mpo, na mokili mobimba TB ezali bisika mingi. Lokola batu mingi batambolaka na mokili, bango bakoki kozua yango mpe bakotisi yango na mboka na biso. == Tuberculose emonanaka ndenge nini? == Tuberculose ekoki kobebisa esika nyonso ya nzoto, ndenge wana, ndenge ekomonana na mwana ekeseni na oyo ya moto mokolo. Lokola tuberculose ewutaka na bato, malamu oyebaka moto oyo azali na yango. Malamu omona dokotolo soki mwana na yo to ndeko alakisaka biloko oyo tokomi na nse: * [[Kokolola]] mpona koleka mposo misatu * [[Fievre]] * Kotoko na mbutu * [[Kokondo]] * Kolemba nzoto noki * Kokolola [[makila]] == Mpona nini mwana na ngai bapesa ye BCG? == Na UK, lokola na bamboka misusu, [[Mobateli ya BCG|BCG]] bapesaka na bana baye bazali mpene ya bato oyo bakoki kozala na TB. Wana ezali mpo bana yango bavandaka bisika ya bato mingi ya TB, ezala baboti to bankoko bauti bisika bato mingi babelaka TB. Na mokuse mbala mingi bana oyo bavandaka na cite ya masikini. Mobateli yango bapesaka na tango mwana abotami kasi bakopesaka mpe na tango nyonso oyo ebongi. == Bamboka oyo ezalaka na babeli mingi ya Tuberculose == [[Image:Flu Vaccine.jpg|thumb|right|Mbala mingi mwana nayo bakobeta ye tonga ya BCG na loboko ya mwasi mpene na lipeka.]] Bamboka oyo tokoma na nse ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB. Soki eyano na yo ya mituni na biso ezali 'oui' 'íyo', sala noki opesa mwana nayo azua [[Mobateli ya BCG|BCG]] soki azui naino te. * Yo, bandeko nayo to tata ya mwana na yo awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Yo na mwana nayo bokokende kovanda koleka sanza moko to bokotambola mingi na mboka nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Nakati ya ndako nayo, to mpene nayo, azali moto oyo akozala mpene na mwana nayo na tango mingi, oyo azali na TB to azalaki na yango kala, to awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo to tangi? == Nzela nini ya koyeba Tuberculose? == Lokola TB ekotaka bisika mingi na nzoto, nzela ya komona yango mpe ezali ndenge na ndenge. TB oyo eyebani mingi nde ya kokolola <pulmonary TB>. Moto oyo azali na yango akolakisa: * kozanga mposa ya koliya na kokondo * kokolola oyo emataka makasi sima ya mposo mine na koleka to basenza * kobimisa soyi mingi; akoki mpe kokolola makila soki nzela ya makila epasuki * komiyoka nzoto elembi tango nyonso * kozala na fievre, mbala mingi na mbutu, oyo epesi kotoko mingi == TB epanzaka ndenge nini? == Nzela ya kopanza TB yango kaka moko: baye bazali na yango nakati ya tolo to na mongongo. Mayi oyo ebimaka na monoko na kokolola nakati ya mopepe nde ezali na maladie. Kasi oyeba te tango mosusu baoyo bazali na yango bakoki te kopanza yango. == Kozua TB ezalaka noki, to makasi? == Penza, ezalaka makasi moto azua TB, mpe esengi tango molayi to kokutana mbala mingi na moto oyo azali na yango, lokola kovanda na ndako moko. Ata ndenge wana, basusu, ata soki bazui TB, bango bakobelaka te. Bato mingi (toloba 9 na kati ya 10) baye bazali na nzoto kolongono, soki bazui yango bakobela te. Baye 10% batikali bakobela, kasi mbala mingi noki te, kasi na sima ata ya bambula 10 na koleka (Comstock, 1982). Wana esalamaka mpo maladie yango ekoki kovanda na nzoto ya moto lokola elali bambula mpe moto azali kobela te. Maladie ekolamuka na sima ya bambula, mbala mingi soki nzoto ezangi komibatela (immunite), lokola moto mobange, bankisi misusu, kobela lokola [[Sida]] to kovanda na mizele. [ Mpona 10% baye bakobelaka TB, tango ya mabe ezalaka soki ekomi naino mbula mibale te banda bazui yango. Kati ya 1 na 5% ya baye bazui TB babelaka noki wuta bazui yango (Styblo et al., 1969; Sutherland et al., 1976; 1982). Wana babengaka yango kobela mbala moko, na Angle 'primary disease', mpe mbala mingi ezalaka na bana. 'Primary TB' mbala mingi ekoleka emonana te, mpe ekobika yango moko ata soki moto ameli nkisi te, kasi ekoki kozonga sima ya bambula. Ekotika elembo moke nakati ya tolo, na ndenge emonanaka na Rayon-X. == Kozua TB na kobela TB bikeseni? == Mpona bato mingi baoyo bakozua TB, [[mobateli|mibateli]] ya nzoto (immunite) ekobunda kino kosilisa to kokanga emata te. Ndenge wana maladie ekotikala kolala, kasi ezali naino na bomoyi, mpe ekobima lisusu na sima. Ya ndenge oyo babengaka 'latent TB infection'. Baye bazali na latent TB infection: * emonanaka te * bakoyoka kobela te * bakoki kopanza na basusu te * Mbala mingi soki bameki loposo, ekomonana te bazali na yango * Bakoki kobela TB na sima ya bambula Baye bazali kobela TB (‘active TB’) bakolakisaka biloko oyo tokomaki na 'Nzela nini ya koyeba TB'. == TB mabe na yango penza nini? == Soki babikisi te, TB, ata epayi ya bakolo, emataka malembe kino eyi koboma. Mabe mosusu ekopesa meningite. Nzela mosusu, soki babikisi te, nde kobimisa makila tango ya kokolola. TB ekokoma ndongo soki emeseni nkisi, mpo ndenge ya kobikisa ezalaka makasi. Nakati ya UK, TB, ebomaka bato 350 na mbula moko, mingi nakati ya bango mibange, kasi bana mpe bazalaka. Bisika bato bavandaka na bandako oyo ekoki te, na mokili mobimba, bato mingi bakufaka na TB koleka oyo ya UK. == TB bakoki kopekisa na mobateli <vaccination>? == Mobateli ezali ya BCG. Tango mosusu epekisaka TB te. Kasi esalisaka mpona bana baoyo bazali kobela meningite 'TB meningitis' (Rodrigues et al., 1993). Nakati ya UK, BCG tango ya kala bazalaki kopesa bana nyonso ya kelasi. Kasi lokola ndenge ya TB ebaluki, UK ekamati nzela ya kolanda bato moke baoyo bakozala na yango. Mobateli ya BCG ekeseni kolanda epayi okozala na UK, mpo TB ekozala mingi esika moko kasi ezali te esika mosusu. BCG bapesaka bana oyo bavandaka bisika ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB koleka bisika misusu, likolo ya oyo, bapesaka na bana babotami na mboka oyo ezali na bato mingi ya TB. Bapesaka mpe na bana kelasi ya mbula 10 kino 14 soki bazui BCG na kala te. == Soki olingi kokende na mboka mopaya ebongi ozua mobateli ya BCG? == Soki azuaki BCG kala te esengi moto azua yango soki alingi kotambola, kovanda to kosala mosala mpona sanza moko to koleka, na mboka oyo ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB (Immunisation against Infectious Disease, 1996). == Mobateli ya BCG ezali nini? == [[Mobateli]] ya [[Bacillus Calmette-Guèrin]] (BCG) ezali maladie ya TB oyo ezuaka gombe [[Mycobacterium bovis]]. Nakati ya BCG maladie ya TB ezalaka, kasi bakangi yango epesa kobela te. Kasi mpona baye bazangi mobateli ya nzoto, lokola bato ya [[Sida]], mpona bango BCG ekoki kopesa maladie tango mosusu. BCG batiyaka yango na tonga ya moke na loposo. == Mpona nini, moto liboso ya kopesa ye BCG, ebongi bameka loposo naye? == Moto nyonso oyo azali na sanza 12 to koleka wana, bakomekaka loposo naye liboso ya kopesa ye [[mobateli ya BCG]]. Wana ezali mpona koyeba soki mobateli ya nzoto (immunite) emeseni na TB. Nzela ya koyeba nde kobeta tonga ya [[tuberculin]] – mayi ya proteine basali wuta na 'M. tuberculosis' – na kati ya loposo. Sima ya mikolo 2 - 10, na ndenge ya tonga yango, bakotala esika babeti yango. Soki esika babeti tonga evimbi mpe, ekomi lokola makila, wana elakisi te maladie ezali. Ndenge wana ebongi lisusu te bapesa moto BCG, mpo akozala asiazui TB to maladie mosusu ya ndenge wana. Soki nzoto naye elakisi kozala na maladie ya makasi, wana esengi bameka ye na nzela misusu koyeba soki penza asiazui to abandi kobela TB. Bana oyo bakokisi naino sanza 12 te, bango bazali na posa te ya komeka loposo, liboso ya kozua BCG. == Tuberculose babikisaka yango ndenge nini? == Mbala mingi TB ekoki kobika, kasi moto ebongi asilisa nkisi ya sanza 6 to koleka. Baye babelaka TB mbala mingi bakotaka na opital te. Ata soki bakoti, wana ekozala mpona koyeba soki penza bazali na maladie yango to mpo babanda kozua nkisi. Ata boye, bato ya TB esengi bazala mpene na efimiele ya tolo, tango nyonso ya kozua nkisi mpo bazua yango na ndenge ekoki, mpe soki likambo ya mabe ezali, basala noki moto atika te kozua nkisi. Nzela oyo tomeseni, ezali ya kozua nkisi 'antibiotics' misatu to mine mbala moko mpona sanza mibale, nde sima na yango nkisi mibale mpona sanza mine misusu. Nkisi mine minene ya TB ezali [[isoniazid]], [[rifampicin]], [[pyrazinamide]] na [[ethambutol]]. Eyaka elongo mpona kosalisa soki maladie emeseni nkisi moko, misusu ebunda. Ata boye, maladie ebandi komesana nkisi ya ndenge nyonso. Mbala mingi nkisi esalaka lisusu te mpo moto azalaki kozua yango na ndenge ekoki te, to azuaki yango na ndenge ya mabe to moto asilisaki te kozua nkisi (Conaty et al., 2004). Mikolo oyo batiyaka nkisi mibale to koleka na kati ya na komprime moko. Moto akomela komprime mine to koleka, mokolo moko. Tango mosusu esengi moto azua nkisi mikolo mingi, lokola maladie ya [[TB meningitis]], to soki maladie ebandi komesana na nkisi moko to mibale, wana esengi kobalula nkisi. Soki moto abandi nkisi mpona poso mibale, wana akoki lisusu kopanza TB te, mpe akobanda komiyoka malamu sima ya poso mine. Kasi esengi sanza motoba ya kozua nkisi mpo moto abika. == Tosala nini soki moto azalaka mpene na moto ya TB? == Tango bakuti moto azali na TB, dokotolo akotala soki baye bavandaka naye bakoki kozua yango. Soki emonani te moto akoki kopanza yango, to mwana azali na yango, kasi eyebani te azui yango wapi, wana baye bazalaka mpene naye bakobenga bango mpo bameka eyebana soki bango mpe bazali na yango. Bato wana bakozala bandeko to baye bavandaka na ndako moko. Tango mosusu baninga, lokola baye basalaka elongo, mpe bakobenga bango, kasi mbala mingi tina ya kosala yango ekozala te. Ezalaka mbala mingi te mwana apanza TB – kasi kobela na bango elakisaka te moto mokolo oyo azali kobela TB, azali mpene na mwana wana. Komeka mpona bandeko tina yango koyeba baye basi bazui TB to baye basi babandi kobela. Komeka basalaka na loposo to na Rayon-X. Na kati ya UK mbala mingi soki bameki loposo, elakisaka te moto asiazui maladie (loposo kovimbal mpe kozala lokola makila esika babetaki tonga), kasi wana ezali mpo bazuaki mobateli ya BCG. Soki loposo soolo ezali. Soki TB emonani, wana moto bamemi ye na dokotolo mpe bakopesa ye nkisi ya TB. == Na mokili mobimba == TB ebomaki bato 100 million na bambula 100 oyo eleki, yango Organisation Mondial de Sante eti yango lokola maladie oyo ya koboma bato mingi na mokili 'Global Health Emergency' na 1993 (WHO 1). Emonani lokola 33% ya bato nyonso na mokili bazali na yango. Na mbula moko, bato 9 million ya sika bazuaka yango (WHO 2). Tango nyonso moto moko azuaka yango na second moko. Mpona bato mingi ata soki bazui TB mobateli ya nzoto na bango ekoki kokanga yango babela te. Ata boye, TB ebomaka bato 2 million na mokili na mbula moko, moto moko na second 15 (WHO 3). Kati ya bango, 98% bazali bato ya Tiers Monde, mingi na Asie de Sud na Afrika ya bato mwindo (WHO 4). TB ezali ya liboso mpona koboma basi mpe koleka maladie misusu esalaka bana etike bazala mingi. == Nini bazali kosala mpona kokanga TB na mokili mobimba? == Ebongi bato nyonso na mokili babunda na TB. Kokanga yango esika moko ekosalisa soki bakangi yango bisika misusu. WHO eyi na nzela oyo babengaka <Directly Observed Treatment – Shortcourse> (DOTS) (WHO 5): 1. leta ezala na mposa ya kosalisa 2. nzela ya komeka bato mpo eyabana soki bazali na TB 3. nzela oyo ebandimi ya kozua nkisi ya sanza 6 mpona babeli mpe moto ya kotala te bato bazali kozua nkisi na ndenge ebongi 4. Moto atika te komela nkisi kino abiki, mpe nkisi yango ezala oyo ebongi 5. Kotiya na buku nzela ekoki ya kozua nkisi mpo na sima eyebana ndenge bapesaki nkisi 6073 2005-09-01T16:43:50Z Bombo 12 '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezali maladie oyo ebebisaka esika ya kopomola nakati ya tolo, kasi ekoki mpe kobebisa bisika misusu na nzoto. Na bambula 150 oyo eleki na [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]], moto moko na kati ya bato 8 oyo bazalaki kokufa ezalaki mpo ya TB. Kasi na bambula ya 1980, maladie yango emonanaki mingi lisusu te, mpoya bato kozala na ndako ya malamu, koliya malamu mpe koyeba noki na kotiya pembeni baye bazali kobela mpo bazua lobiko noki. Kasi TB esili naino libela te. Ya soolo, TB ezali maladie enyokoloko mingi mokili mikolo oyo. Mbula oyo eleki batu mingi bakufaki na TB-8,000 na mokolo moko- koleka na bambula nyonso oyo esieleki. Na bambula 20 oyo eleki, TB ebandi komata malembemalembe na UK. Sikoyo bato 7,000 bazuaka yango na mbula moko – wana koloba moto moko na kati ya bato 10,000 na mboka mobimba. Buku oyo eyebisaka likolo ya maladie yango, ndenge ya koyeba yango, lobiko na yango, mpe elakisaka ndenge ezali na mboka na biso na kokokisa yango na ndenge ezalaka na mokili mobimba. Buku oyo mpe ezui batoli ya sika mpoya mopekisi ya BCG na UK, mpe babuku misusu na sango oyo nyonso ekosalisa koyeba makambo ya maladi yango na bawebsite. == Tuberculose ezali nini? == [[Image:TB AFB smear.jpg|thumb|right|tuberculose]] '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezali maladie ya mabe oyo ekoki kovimbisa nakati ya moto ya mwana, na Angle [[TB meningitis]]. Mpona bato bakolo, mbala mingi ebebisaka esika ya kopomola, kasi ekoki kobebisa mpe mikua, nakati ya moto to bisika misusu. Awa na mboka na biso, bato mingi baye bazuaka TB babikaka, kasi esengi sanza mingi mpo babika. TB ezali maladie ya makasi, kasi ebikaka, ewutaka na 'Mycobacterium Tuberculosis' tuberculosis to M. Tb na mokuse). Mbala mingi ekotaka na tolo esika ya kopumola Angle 'pulmonary TB') kasi ekoki mpe kokota bisika misusu na nzoto lokola nakati kingo, mikua to biloko na libumu. Ekoki mpe kopesa meningite. Maladie mosusu, M. bovis, ekokani na TB kasi yango ezuaka banyama, mbala mingi gombe ('bovine TB'). M. bovis mpe ekoki kozua moto lokola kala, tango bato bayebaki naino te ndenge ya kobatela mabele <pasteurisation> to koluka TB na gombe. == Tuberculose moto azuaka ndenge nini? == Nzela oyo monene ya kozua TB nde ewutaka na moto oyo azali na yango na nzoto naye, oyo azali kokolola. Soki akololi abimisaka maladie nakati ya soyi. Soki moto ozui soyi yango na tango ya kopomola, wana okoki kozua TB. Soyi yango ekoki kovanda na mopepe na tango molayi kasi wana mbala mingi epesaka maladie te. Nzela oyo monene ezali kaka soki ozalaka mpene mpe mpona tango molayi na moto oyo azali na yango. == Tuberculose ezalaka bisika mingi? == Nakati ya [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] na bambula ya 1950, batu koleka 50,000 bazalaki kozua TB na mbula moko. Mikolo oyo ezongi ti batu 7,000 baye bazuaka na mbula moko, kasi soki okokisi yango na bambula ya 1990, tango wana ezalaki bato 5,500. Yango okomona te ezali komata lisusu. Wana omoni te kozua TB ezali noki te, kasi ebongi ozala ekenge na ndenge ya koyeba yango mpo, na mokili mobimba TB ezali bisika mingi. Lokola batu mingi batambolaka na mokili, bango bakoki kozua yango mpe bakotisi yango na mboka na biso. == Tuberculose emonanaka ndenge nini? == Tuberculose ekoki kobebisa esika nyonso ya nzoto, ndenge wana, ndenge ekomonana na mwana ekeseni na oyo ya moto mokolo. Lokola tuberculose ewutaka na bato, malamu oyebaka moto oyo azali na yango. Malamu omona dokotolo soki mwana na yo to ndeko alakisaka biloko oyo tokomi na nse: * [[Kokolola]] mpona koleka mposo misatu * [[Fievre]] * Kotoko na mbutu * [[Kokondo]] * Kolemba nzoto noki * Kokolola [[makila]] == Mpona nini mwana na ngai bapesa ye BCG? == Na UK, lokola na bamboka misusu, [[Mobateli ya BCG|BCG]] bapesaka na bana baye bazali mpene ya bato oyo bakoki kozala na TB. Wana ezali mpo bana yango bavandaka bisika ya bato mingi ya TB, ezala baboti to bankoko bauti bisika bato mingi babelaka TB. Na mokuse mbala mingi bana oyo bavandaka na cite ya masikini. Mobateli yango bapesaka na tango mwana abotami kasi bakopesaka mpe na tango nyonso oyo ebongi. == Bamboka oyo ezalaka na babeli mingi ya Tuberculose == [[Image:Flu Vaccine.jpg|thumb|right|Mbala mingi mwana nayo bakobeta ye tonga ya BCG na loboko ya mwasi mpene na lipeka.]] Bamboka oyo tokoma na nse ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB. Soki eyano na yo ya mituni na biso ezali 'oui' 'íyo', sala noki opesa mwana nayo azua [[Mobateli ya BCG|BCG]] soki azui naino te. * Yo, bandeko nayo to tata ya mwana na yo awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Yo na mwana nayo bokokende kovanda koleka sanza moko to bokotambola mingi na mboka nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Nakati ya ndako nayo, to mpene nayo, azali moto oyo akozala mpene na mwana nayo na tango mingi, oyo azali na TB to azalaki na yango kala, to awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo to tangi? == Nzela nini ya koyeba Tuberculose? == Lokola TB ekotaka bisika mingi na nzoto, nzela ya komona yango mpe ezali ndenge na ndenge. TB oyo eyebani mingi nde ya kokolola 'pulmonary TB'. Moto oyo azali na yango akolakisa: * kozanga mposa ya koliya na kokondo * kokolola oyo emataka makasi sima ya mposo mine na koleka to basenza * kobimisa soyi mingi; akoki mpe kokolola makila soki nzela ya makila epasuki * komiyoka nzoto elembi tango nyonso * kozala na fievre, mbala mingi na mbutu, oyo epesi kotoko mingi == TB epanzaka ndenge nini? == Nzela ya kopanza TB yango kaka moko: baye bazali na yango nakati ya tolo to na mongongo. Mayi oyo ebimaka na monoko na kokolola nakati ya mopepe nde ezali na maladie. Kasi oyeba te tango mosusu baoyo bazali na yango bakoki te kopanza yango. == Kozua TB ezalaka noki, to makasi? == Penza, ezalaka makasi moto azua TB, mpe esengi tango molayi to kokutana mbala mingi na moto oyo azali na yango, lokola kovanda na ndako moko. Ata ndenge wana, basusu, ata soki bazui TB, bango bakobelaka te. Bato mingi (toloba 9 na kati ya 10) baye bazali na nzoto kolongono, soki bazui yango bakobela te. Baye 10% batikali bakobela, kasi mbala mingi noki te, kasi na sima ata ya bambula 10 na koleka (Comstock, 1982). Wana esalamaka mpo maladie yango ekoki kovanda na nzoto ya moto lokola elali bambula mpe moto azali kobela te. Maladie ekolamuka na sima ya bambula, mbala mingi soki nzoto ezangi komibatela (immunite), lokola moto mobange, bankisi misusu, kobela lokola [[Sida]] to kovanda na mizele. Mpona 10% baye bakobelaka TB, tango ya mabe ezalaka soki ekomi naino mbula mibale te banda bazui yango. Kati ya 1 na 5% ya baye bazui TB babelaka noki wuta bazui yango (Styblo et al., 1969; Sutherland et al., 1976; 1982). Wana babengaka yango kobela mbala moko, na Angle 'primary disease', mpe mbala mingi ezalaka na bana. 'Primary TB' mbala mingi ekoleka emonana te, mpe ekobika yango moko ata soki moto ameli nkisi te, kasi ekoki kozonga sima ya bambula. Ekotika elembo moke nakati ya tolo, na ndenge emonanaka na Rayon-X. == Kozua TB na kobela TB bikeseni? == Mpona bato mingi baoyo bakozua TB, [[mobateli|mibateli]] ya nzoto (immunite) ekobunda kino kosilisa to kokanga emata te. Ndenge wana maladie ekotikala kolala, kasi ezali naino na bomoyi, mpe ekobima lisusu na sima. Ya ndenge oyo babengaka 'latent TB infection'. Baye bazali na latent TB infection: * emonanaka te * bakoyoka kobela te * bakoki kopanza na basusu te * Mbala mingi soki bameki loposo, ekomonana te bazali na yango * Bakoki kobela TB na sima ya bambula Baye bazali kobela TB (‘active TB’) bakolakisaka biloko oyo tokomaki na 'Nzela nini ya koyeba TB'. == TB mabe na yango penza nini? == Soki babikisi te, TB, ata epayi ya bakolo, emataka malembe kino eyi koboma. Mabe mosusu ekopesa meningite. Nzela mosusu, soki babikisi te, nde kobimisa makila tango ya kokolola. TB ekokoma ndongo soki emeseni nkisi, mpo ndenge ya kobikisa ezalaka makasi. Nakati ya [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]], TB, ebomaka bato 350 na mbula moko, mingi nakati ya bango mibange, kasi bana mpe bazalaka. Bisika bato bavandaka na bandako oyo ekoki te, na mokili mobimba, bato mingi bakufaka na TB koleka oyo ya UK. == TB bakoki kopekisa na mobateli <vaccination>? == Mobateli ezali ya BCG. Tango mosusu epekisaka TB te. Kasi esalisaka mpona bana baoyo bazali kobela meningite 'TB meningitis' (Rodrigues et al., 1993). Nakati ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ, BCG tango ya kala bazalaki kopesa bana nyonso ya kelasi. Kasi lokola ndenge ya TB ebaluki, UK ekamati nzela ya kolanda bato moke baoyo bakozala na yango. Mobateli ya BCG ekeseni kolanda epayi okozala na UK, mpo TB ekozala mingi esika moko kasi ezali te esika mosusu. BCG bapesaka bana oyo bavandaka bisika ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB koleka bisika misusu, likolo ya oyo, bapesaka na bana babotami na mboka oyo ezali na bato mingi ya TB. Bapesaka mpe na bana kelasi ya mbula 10 kino 14 soki bazui BCG na kala te. == Soki olingi kokende na mboka mopaya ebongi ozua mobateli ya BCG? == Soki azuaki BCG kala te esengi moto azua yango soki alingi kotambola, kovanda to kosala mosala mpona sanza moko to koleka, na mboka oyo ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB (Immunisation against Infectious Disease, 1996). == Mobateli ya BCG ezali nini? == [[Mobateli]] ya [[Bacillus Calmette-Guèrin]] (BCG) ezali maladie ya TB oyo ezuaka gombe [[Mycobacterium bovis]]. Nakati ya BCG maladie ya TB ezalaka, kasi bakangi yango epesa kobela te. Kasi mpona baye bazangi mobateli ya nzoto, lokola bato ya [[Sida]], mpona bango BCG ekoki kopesa maladie tango mosusu. BCG batiyaka yango na tonga ya moke na loposo. == Mpona nini, moto liboso ya kopesa ye BCG, ebongi bameka loposo naye? == Moto nyonso oyo azali na sanza 12 to koleka wana, bakomekaka loposo naye liboso ya kopesa ye [[mobateli ya BCG]]. Wana ezali mpona koyeba soki mobateli ya nzoto (immunite) emeseni na TB. Nzela ya koyeba nde kobeta tonga ya [[tuberculin]] – mayi ya proteine basali wuta na 'M. tuberculosis' – na kati ya loposo. Sima ya mikolo 2 - 10, na ndenge ya tonga yango, bakotala esika babeti yango. Soki esika babeti tonga evimbi mpe, ekomi lokola makila, wana elakisi te maladie ezali. Ndenge wana ebongi lisusu te bapesa moto BCG, mpo akozala asiazui TB to maladie mosusu ya ndenge wana. Soki nzoto naye elakisi kozala na maladie ya makasi, wana esengi bameka ye na nzela misusu koyeba soki penza asiazui to abandi kobela TB. Bana oyo bakokisi naino sanza 12 te, bango bazali na posa te ya komeka loposo, liboso ya kozua BCG. == Tuberculose babikisaka yango ndenge nini? == Mbala mingi TB ekoki kobika, kasi moto ebongi asilisa nkisi ya sanza 6 to koleka. Baye babelaka TB mbala mingi bakotaka na opital te. Ata soki bakoti, wana ekozala mpona koyeba soki penza bazali na maladie yango to mpo babanda kozua nkisi. Ata boye, bato ya TB esengi bazala mpene na efimiele ya tolo, tango nyonso ya kozua nkisi mpo bazua yango na ndenge ekoki, mpe soki likambo ya mabe ezali, basala noki moto atika te kozua nkisi. Nzela oyo tomeseni, ezali ya kozua nkisi 'antibiotics' misatu to mine mbala moko mpona sanza mibale, nde sima na yango nkisi mibale mpona sanza mine misusu. Nkisi mine minene ya TB ezali [[isoniazid]], [[rifampicin]], [[pyrazinamide]] na [[ethambutol]]. Eyaka elongo mpona kosalisa soki maladie emeseni nkisi moko, misusu ebunda. Ata boye, maladie ebandi komesana nkisi ya ndenge nyonso. Mbala mingi nkisi esalaka lisusu te mpo moto azalaki kozua yango na ndenge ekoki te, to azuaki yango na ndenge ya mabe to moto asilisaki te kozua nkisi (Conaty et al., 2004). Mikolo oyo batiyaka nkisi mibale to koleka na kati ya na komprime moko. Moto akomela komprime mine to koleka, mokolo moko. Tango mosusu esengi moto azua nkisi mikolo mingi, lokola maladie ya [[TB meningitis]], to soki maladie ebandi komesana na nkisi moko to mibale, wana esengi kobalula nkisi. Soki moto abandi nkisi mpona poso mibale, wana akoki lisusu kopanza TB te, mpe akobanda komiyoka malamu sima ya poso mine. Kasi esengi sanza motoba ya kozua nkisi mpo moto abika. == Tosala nini soki moto azalaka mpene na moto ya TB? == Tango bakuti moto azali na TB, dokotolo akotala soki baye bavandaka naye bakoki kozua yango. Soki emonani te moto akoki kopanza yango, to mwana azali na yango, kasi eyebani te azui yango wapi, wana baye bazalaka mpene naye bakobenga bango mpo bameka eyebana soki bango mpe bazali na yango. Bato wana bakozala bandeko to baye bavandaka na ndako moko. Tango mosusu baninga, lokola baye basalaka elongo, mpe bakobenga bango, kasi mbala mingi tina ya kosala yango ekozala te. Ezalaka mbala mingi te mwana apanza TB – kasi kobela na bango elakisaka te moto mokolo oyo azali kobela TB, azali mpene na mwana wana. Komeka mpona bandeko tina yango koyeba baye basi bazui TB to baye basi babandi kobela. Komeka basalaka na loposo to na Rayon-X. Na kati ya UK mbala mingi soki bameki loposo, elakisaka te moto asiazui maladie (loposo kovimbal mpe kozala lokola makila esika babetaki tonga), kasi wana ezali mpo bazuaki mobateli ya BCG. Soki loposo soolo ezali. Soki TB emonani, wana moto bamemi ye na dokotolo mpe bakopesa ye nkisi ya TB. == Na mokili mobimba == TB ebomaki bato 100 million na bambula 100 oyo eleki, yango Organisation Mondial de Sante eti yango lokola maladie oyo ya koboma bato mingi na mokili 'Global Health Emergency' na 1993 (WHO 1). Emonani lokola 33% ya bato nyonso na mokili bazali na yango. Na mbula moko, bato 9 million ya sika bazuaka yango (WHO 2). Tango nyonso moto moko azuaka yango na second moko. Mpona bato mingi ata soki bazui TB mobateli ya nzoto na bango ekoki kokanga yango babela te. Ata boye, TB ebomaka bato 2 million na mokili na mbula moko, moto moko na second 15 (WHO 3). Kati ya bango, 98% bazali bato ya Tiers Monde, mingi na Asie de Sud na Afrika ya bato mwindo (WHO 4). TB ezali ya liboso mpona koboma basi mpe koleka maladie misusu esalaka bana etike bazala mingi. == Nini bazali kosala mpona kokanga TB na mokili mobimba? == Ebongi bato nyonso na mokili babunda na TB. Kokanga yango esika moko ekosalisa soki bakangi yango bisika misusu. WHO eyi na nzela oyo babengaka 'Directly Observed Treatment – Shortcourse' (DOTS) (WHO 5): 1. leta ezala na mposa ya kosalisa 2. nzela ya komeka bato mpo eyabana soki bazali na TB 3. nzela oyo ebandimi ya kozua nkisi ya sanza 6 mpona babeli mpe moto ya kotala te bato bazali kozua nkisi na ndenge ebongi 4. Moto atika te komela nkisi kino abiki, mpe nkisi yango ezala oyo ebongi 5. Kotiya na buku nzela ekoki ya kozua nkisi mpo na sima eyebana ndenge bapesaki nkisi 6074 2005-09-01T16:44:52Z Bombo 12 /* Mpona nini mwana na ngai bapesa ye BCG? */ '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezali maladie oyo ebebisaka esika ya kopomola nakati ya tolo, kasi ekoki mpe kobebisa bisika misusu na nzoto. Na bambula 150 oyo eleki na [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]], moto moko na kati ya bato 8 oyo bazalaki kokufa ezalaki mpo ya TB. Kasi na bambula ya 1980, maladie yango emonanaki mingi lisusu te, mpoya bato kozala na ndako ya malamu, koliya malamu mpe koyeba noki na kotiya pembeni baye bazali kobela mpo bazua lobiko noki. Kasi TB esili naino libela te. Ya soolo, TB ezali maladie enyokoloko mingi mokili mikolo oyo. Mbula oyo eleki batu mingi bakufaki na TB-8,000 na mokolo moko- koleka na bambula nyonso oyo esieleki. Na bambula 20 oyo eleki, TB ebandi komata malembemalembe na UK. Sikoyo bato 7,000 bazuaka yango na mbula moko – wana koloba moto moko na kati ya bato 10,000 na mboka mobimba. Buku oyo eyebisaka likolo ya maladie yango, ndenge ya koyeba yango, lobiko na yango, mpe elakisaka ndenge ezali na mboka na biso na kokokisa yango na ndenge ezalaka na mokili mobimba. Buku oyo mpe ezui batoli ya sika mpoya mopekisi ya BCG na UK, mpe babuku misusu na sango oyo nyonso ekosalisa koyeba makambo ya maladi yango na bawebsite. == Tuberculose ezali nini? == [[Image:TB AFB smear.jpg|thumb|right|tuberculose]] '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezali maladie ya mabe oyo ekoki kovimbisa nakati ya moto ya mwana, na Angle [[TB meningitis]]. Mpona bato bakolo, mbala mingi ebebisaka esika ya kopomola, kasi ekoki kobebisa mpe mikua, nakati ya moto to bisika misusu. Awa na mboka na biso, bato mingi baye bazuaka TB babikaka, kasi esengi sanza mingi mpo babika. TB ezali maladie ya makasi, kasi ebikaka, ewutaka na 'Mycobacterium Tuberculosis' tuberculosis to M. Tb na mokuse). Mbala mingi ekotaka na tolo esika ya kopumola Angle 'pulmonary TB') kasi ekoki mpe kokota bisika misusu na nzoto lokola nakati kingo, mikua to biloko na libumu. Ekoki mpe kopesa meningite. Maladie mosusu, M. bovis, ekokani na TB kasi yango ezuaka banyama, mbala mingi gombe ('bovine TB'). M. bovis mpe ekoki kozua moto lokola kala, tango bato bayebaki naino te ndenge ya kobatela mabele <pasteurisation> to koluka TB na gombe. == Tuberculose moto azuaka ndenge nini? == Nzela oyo monene ya kozua TB nde ewutaka na moto oyo azali na yango na nzoto naye, oyo azali kokolola. Soki akololi abimisaka maladie nakati ya soyi. Soki moto ozui soyi yango na tango ya kopomola, wana okoki kozua TB. Soyi yango ekoki kovanda na mopepe na tango molayi kasi wana mbala mingi epesaka maladie te. Nzela oyo monene ezali kaka soki ozalaka mpene mpe mpona tango molayi na moto oyo azali na yango. == Tuberculose ezalaka bisika mingi? == Nakati ya [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] na bambula ya 1950, batu koleka 50,000 bazalaki kozua TB na mbula moko. Mikolo oyo ezongi ti batu 7,000 baye bazuaka na mbula moko, kasi soki okokisi yango na bambula ya 1990, tango wana ezalaki bato 5,500. Yango okomona te ezali komata lisusu. Wana omoni te kozua TB ezali noki te, kasi ebongi ozala ekenge na ndenge ya koyeba yango mpo, na mokili mobimba TB ezali bisika mingi. Lokola batu mingi batambolaka na mokili, bango bakoki kozua yango mpe bakotisi yango na mboka na biso. == Tuberculose emonanaka ndenge nini? == Tuberculose ekoki kobebisa esika nyonso ya nzoto, ndenge wana, ndenge ekomonana na mwana ekeseni na oyo ya moto mokolo. Lokola tuberculose ewutaka na bato, malamu oyebaka moto oyo azali na yango. Malamu omona dokotolo soki mwana na yo to ndeko alakisaka biloko oyo tokomi na nse: * [[Kokolola]] mpona koleka mposo misatu * [[Fievre]] * Kotoko na mbutu * [[Kokondo]] * Kolemba nzoto noki * Kokolola [[makila]] == Mpona nini mwana na ngai bapesa ye BCG? == Na UK, lokola na bamboka misusu, [[Mobateli ya BCG|BCG]] (Bacillus Calmette-Guèrin) bapesaka na bana baye bazali mpene ya bato oyo bakoki kozala na TB. Wana ezali mpo bana yango bavandaka bisika ya bato mingi ya TB, ezala baboti to bankoko bauti bisika bato mingi babelaka TB. Na mokuse mbala mingi bana oyo bavandaka na cite ya masikini. Mobateli yango bapesaka na tango mwana abotami kasi bakopesaka mpe na tango nyonso oyo ebongi. == Bamboka oyo ezalaka na babeli mingi ya Tuberculose == [[Image:Flu Vaccine.jpg|thumb|right|Mbala mingi mwana nayo bakobeta ye tonga ya BCG na loboko ya mwasi mpene na lipeka.]] Bamboka oyo tokoma na nse ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB. Soki eyano na yo ya mituni na biso ezali 'oui' 'íyo', sala noki opesa mwana nayo azua [[Mobateli ya BCG|BCG]] soki azui naino te. * Yo, bandeko nayo to tata ya mwana na yo awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Yo na mwana nayo bokokende kovanda koleka sanza moko to bokotambola mingi na mboka nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Nakati ya ndako nayo, to mpene nayo, azali moto oyo akozala mpene na mwana nayo na tango mingi, oyo azali na TB to azalaki na yango kala, to awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo to tangi? == Nzela nini ya koyeba Tuberculose? == Lokola TB ekotaka bisika mingi na nzoto, nzela ya komona yango mpe ezali ndenge na ndenge. TB oyo eyebani mingi nde ya kokolola 'pulmonary TB'. Moto oyo azali na yango akolakisa: * kozanga mposa ya koliya na kokondo * kokolola oyo emataka makasi sima ya mposo mine na koleka to basenza * kobimisa soyi mingi; akoki mpe kokolola makila soki nzela ya makila epasuki * komiyoka nzoto elembi tango nyonso * kozala na fievre, mbala mingi na mbutu, oyo epesi kotoko mingi == TB epanzaka ndenge nini? == Nzela ya kopanza TB yango kaka moko: baye bazali na yango nakati ya tolo to na mongongo. Mayi oyo ebimaka na monoko na kokolola nakati ya mopepe nde ezali na maladie. Kasi oyeba te tango mosusu baoyo bazali na yango bakoki te kopanza yango. == Kozua TB ezalaka noki, to makasi? == Penza, ezalaka makasi moto azua TB, mpe esengi tango molayi to kokutana mbala mingi na moto oyo azali na yango, lokola kovanda na ndako moko. Ata ndenge wana, basusu, ata soki bazui TB, bango bakobelaka te. Bato mingi (toloba 9 na kati ya 10) baye bazali na nzoto kolongono, soki bazui yango bakobela te. Baye 10% batikali bakobela, kasi mbala mingi noki te, kasi na sima ata ya bambula 10 na koleka (Comstock, 1982). Wana esalamaka mpo maladie yango ekoki kovanda na nzoto ya moto lokola elali bambula mpe moto azali kobela te. Maladie ekolamuka na sima ya bambula, mbala mingi soki nzoto ezangi komibatela (immunite), lokola moto mobange, bankisi misusu, kobela lokola [[Sida]] to kovanda na mizele. Mpona 10% baye bakobelaka TB, tango ya mabe ezalaka soki ekomi naino mbula mibale te banda bazui yango. Kati ya 1 na 5% ya baye bazui TB babelaka noki wuta bazui yango (Styblo et al., 1969; Sutherland et al., 1976; 1982). Wana babengaka yango kobela mbala moko, na Angle 'primary disease', mpe mbala mingi ezalaka na bana. 'Primary TB' mbala mingi ekoleka emonana te, mpe ekobika yango moko ata soki moto ameli nkisi te, kasi ekoki kozonga sima ya bambula. Ekotika elembo moke nakati ya tolo, na ndenge emonanaka na Rayon-X. == Kozua TB na kobela TB bikeseni? == Mpona bato mingi baoyo bakozua TB, [[mobateli|mibateli]] ya nzoto (immunite) ekobunda kino kosilisa to kokanga emata te. Ndenge wana maladie ekotikala kolala, kasi ezali naino na bomoyi, mpe ekobima lisusu na sima. Ya ndenge oyo babengaka 'latent TB infection'. Baye bazali na latent TB infection: * emonanaka te * bakoyoka kobela te * bakoki kopanza na basusu te * Mbala mingi soki bameki loposo, ekomonana te bazali na yango * Bakoki kobela TB na sima ya bambula Baye bazali kobela TB (‘active TB’) bakolakisaka biloko oyo tokomaki na 'Nzela nini ya koyeba TB'. == TB mabe na yango penza nini? == Soki babikisi te, TB, ata epayi ya bakolo, emataka malembe kino eyi koboma. Mabe mosusu ekopesa meningite. Nzela mosusu, soki babikisi te, nde kobimisa makila tango ya kokolola. TB ekokoma ndongo soki emeseni nkisi, mpo ndenge ya kobikisa ezalaka makasi. Nakati ya [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]], TB, ebomaka bato 350 na mbula moko, mingi nakati ya bango mibange, kasi bana mpe bazalaka. Bisika bato bavandaka na bandako oyo ekoki te, na mokili mobimba, bato mingi bakufaka na TB koleka oyo ya UK. == TB bakoki kopekisa na mobateli <vaccination>? == Mobateli ezali ya BCG. Tango mosusu epekisaka TB te. Kasi esalisaka mpona bana baoyo bazali kobela meningite 'TB meningitis' (Rodrigues et al., 1993). Nakati ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ, BCG tango ya kala bazalaki kopesa bana nyonso ya kelasi. Kasi lokola ndenge ya TB ebaluki, UK ekamati nzela ya kolanda bato moke baoyo bakozala na yango. Mobateli ya BCG ekeseni kolanda epayi okozala na UK, mpo TB ekozala mingi esika moko kasi ezali te esika mosusu. BCG bapesaka bana oyo bavandaka bisika ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB koleka bisika misusu, likolo ya oyo, bapesaka na bana babotami na mboka oyo ezali na bato mingi ya TB. Bapesaka mpe na bana kelasi ya mbula 10 kino 14 soki bazui BCG na kala te. == Soki olingi kokende na mboka mopaya ebongi ozua mobateli ya BCG? == Soki azuaki BCG kala te esengi moto azua yango soki alingi kotambola, kovanda to kosala mosala mpona sanza moko to koleka, na mboka oyo ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB (Immunisation against Infectious Disease, 1996). == Mobateli ya BCG ezali nini? == [[Mobateli]] ya [[Bacillus Calmette-Guèrin]] (BCG) ezali maladie ya TB oyo ezuaka gombe [[Mycobacterium bovis]]. Nakati ya BCG maladie ya TB ezalaka, kasi bakangi yango epesa kobela te. Kasi mpona baye bazangi mobateli ya nzoto, lokola bato ya [[Sida]], mpona bango BCG ekoki kopesa maladie tango mosusu. BCG batiyaka yango na tonga ya moke na loposo. == Mpona nini, moto liboso ya kopesa ye BCG, ebongi bameka loposo naye? == Moto nyonso oyo azali na sanza 12 to koleka wana, bakomekaka loposo naye liboso ya kopesa ye [[mobateli ya BCG]]. Wana ezali mpona koyeba soki mobateli ya nzoto (immunite) emeseni na TB. Nzela ya koyeba nde kobeta tonga ya [[tuberculin]] – mayi ya proteine basali wuta na 'M. tuberculosis' – na kati ya loposo. Sima ya mikolo 2 - 10, na ndenge ya tonga yango, bakotala esika babeti yango. Soki esika babeti tonga evimbi mpe, ekomi lokola makila, wana elakisi te maladie ezali. Ndenge wana ebongi lisusu te bapesa moto BCG, mpo akozala asiazui TB to maladie mosusu ya ndenge wana. Soki nzoto naye elakisi kozala na maladie ya makasi, wana esengi bameka ye na nzela misusu koyeba soki penza asiazui to abandi kobela TB. Bana oyo bakokisi naino sanza 12 te, bango bazali na posa te ya komeka loposo, liboso ya kozua BCG. == Tuberculose babikisaka yango ndenge nini? == Mbala mingi TB ekoki kobika, kasi moto ebongi asilisa nkisi ya sanza 6 to koleka. Baye babelaka TB mbala mingi bakotaka na opital te. Ata soki bakoti, wana ekozala mpona koyeba soki penza bazali na maladie yango to mpo babanda kozua nkisi. Ata boye, bato ya TB esengi bazala mpene na efimiele ya tolo, tango nyonso ya kozua nkisi mpo bazua yango na ndenge ekoki, mpe soki likambo ya mabe ezali, basala noki moto atika te kozua nkisi. Nzela oyo tomeseni, ezali ya kozua nkisi 'antibiotics' misatu to mine mbala moko mpona sanza mibale, nde sima na yango nkisi mibale mpona sanza mine misusu. Nkisi mine minene ya TB ezali [[isoniazid]], [[rifampicin]], [[pyrazinamide]] na [[ethambutol]]. Eyaka elongo mpona kosalisa soki maladie emeseni nkisi moko, misusu ebunda. Ata boye, maladie ebandi komesana nkisi ya ndenge nyonso. Mbala mingi nkisi esalaka lisusu te mpo moto azalaki kozua yango na ndenge ekoki te, to azuaki yango na ndenge ya mabe to moto asilisaki te kozua nkisi (Conaty et al., 2004). Mikolo oyo batiyaka nkisi mibale to koleka na kati ya na komprime moko. Moto akomela komprime mine to koleka, mokolo moko. Tango mosusu esengi moto azua nkisi mikolo mingi, lokola maladie ya [[TB meningitis]], to soki maladie ebandi komesana na nkisi moko to mibale, wana esengi kobalula nkisi. Soki moto abandi nkisi mpona poso mibale, wana akoki lisusu kopanza TB te, mpe akobanda komiyoka malamu sima ya poso mine. Kasi esengi sanza motoba ya kozua nkisi mpo moto abika. == Tosala nini soki moto azalaka mpene na moto ya TB? == Tango bakuti moto azali na TB, dokotolo akotala soki baye bavandaka naye bakoki kozua yango. Soki emonani te moto akoki kopanza yango, to mwana azali na yango, kasi eyebani te azui yango wapi, wana baye bazalaka mpene naye bakobenga bango mpo bameka eyebana soki bango mpe bazali na yango. Bato wana bakozala bandeko to baye bavandaka na ndako moko. Tango mosusu baninga, lokola baye basalaka elongo, mpe bakobenga bango, kasi mbala mingi tina ya kosala yango ekozala te. Ezalaka mbala mingi te mwana apanza TB – kasi kobela na bango elakisaka te moto mokolo oyo azali kobela TB, azali mpene na mwana wana. Komeka mpona bandeko tina yango koyeba baye basi bazui TB to baye basi babandi kobela. Komeka basalaka na loposo to na Rayon-X. Na kati ya UK mbala mingi soki bameki loposo, elakisaka te moto asiazui maladie (loposo kovimbal mpe kozala lokola makila esika babetaki tonga), kasi wana ezali mpo bazuaki mobateli ya BCG. Soki loposo soolo ezali. Soki TB emonani, wana moto bamemi ye na dokotolo mpe bakopesa ye nkisi ya TB. == Na mokili mobimba == TB ebomaki bato 100 million na bambula 100 oyo eleki, yango Organisation Mondial de Sante eti yango lokola maladie oyo ya koboma bato mingi na mokili 'Global Health Emergency' na 1993 (WHO 1). Emonani lokola 33% ya bato nyonso na mokili bazali na yango. Na mbula moko, bato 9 million ya sika bazuaka yango (WHO 2). Tango nyonso moto moko azuaka yango na second moko. Mpona bato mingi ata soki bazui TB mobateli ya nzoto na bango ekoki kokanga yango babela te. Ata boye, TB ebomaka bato 2 million na mokili na mbula moko, moto moko na second 15 (WHO 3). Kati ya bango, 98% bazali bato ya Tiers Monde, mingi na Asie de Sud na Afrika ya bato mwindo (WHO 4). TB ezali ya liboso mpona koboma basi mpe koleka maladie misusu esalaka bana etike bazala mingi. == Nini bazali kosala mpona kokanga TB na mokili mobimba? == Ebongi bato nyonso na mokili babunda na TB. Kokanga yango esika moko ekosalisa soki bakangi yango bisika misusu. WHO eyi na nzela oyo babengaka 'Directly Observed Treatment – Shortcourse' (DOTS) (WHO 5): 1. leta ezala na mposa ya kosalisa 2. nzela ya komeka bato mpo eyabana soki bazali na TB 3. nzela oyo ebandimi ya kozua nkisi ya sanza 6 mpona babeli mpe moto ya kotala te bato bazali kozua nkisi na ndenge ebongi 4. Moto atika te komela nkisi kino abiki, mpe nkisi yango ezala oyo ebongi 5. Kotiya na buku nzela ekoki ya kozua nkisi mpo na sima eyebana ndenge bapesaki nkisi 6076 2005-09-01T16:46:36Z Bombo 12 /* Mpona nini mwana na ngai bapesa ye BCG? */ '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezali maladie oyo ebebisaka esika ya kopomola nakati ya tolo, kasi ekoki mpe kobebisa bisika misusu na nzoto. Na bambula 150 oyo eleki na [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]], moto moko na kati ya bato 8 oyo bazalaki kokufa ezalaki mpo ya TB. Kasi na bambula ya 1980, maladie yango emonanaki mingi lisusu te, mpoya bato kozala na ndako ya malamu, koliya malamu mpe koyeba noki na kotiya pembeni baye bazali kobela mpo bazua lobiko noki. Kasi TB esili naino libela te. Ya soolo, TB ezali maladie enyokoloko mingi mokili mikolo oyo. Mbula oyo eleki batu mingi bakufaki na TB-8,000 na mokolo moko- koleka na bambula nyonso oyo esieleki. Na bambula 20 oyo eleki, TB ebandi komata malembemalembe na UK. Sikoyo bato 7,000 bazuaka yango na mbula moko – wana koloba moto moko na kati ya bato 10,000 na mboka mobimba. Buku oyo eyebisaka likolo ya maladie yango, ndenge ya koyeba yango, lobiko na yango, mpe elakisaka ndenge ezali na mboka na biso na kokokisa yango na ndenge ezalaka na mokili mobimba. Buku oyo mpe ezui batoli ya sika mpoya mopekisi ya BCG na UK, mpe babuku misusu na sango oyo nyonso ekosalisa koyeba makambo ya maladi yango na bawebsite. == Tuberculose ezali nini? == [[Image:TB AFB smear.jpg|thumb|right|tuberculose]] '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezali maladie ya mabe oyo ekoki kovimbisa nakati ya moto ya mwana, na Angle [[TB meningitis]]. Mpona bato bakolo, mbala mingi ebebisaka esika ya kopomola, kasi ekoki kobebisa mpe mikua, nakati ya moto to bisika misusu. Awa na mboka na biso, bato mingi baye bazuaka TB babikaka, kasi esengi sanza mingi mpo babika. TB ezali maladie ya makasi, kasi ebikaka, ewutaka na 'Mycobacterium Tuberculosis' tuberculosis to M. Tb na mokuse). Mbala mingi ekotaka na tolo esika ya kopumola Angle 'pulmonary TB') kasi ekoki mpe kokota bisika misusu na nzoto lokola nakati kingo, mikua to biloko na libumu. Ekoki mpe kopesa meningite. Maladie mosusu, M. bovis, ekokani na TB kasi yango ezuaka banyama, mbala mingi gombe ('bovine TB'). M. bovis mpe ekoki kozua moto lokola kala, tango bato bayebaki naino te ndenge ya kobatela mabele <pasteurisation> to koluka TB na gombe. == Tuberculose moto azuaka ndenge nini? == Nzela oyo monene ya kozua TB nde ewutaka na moto oyo azali na yango na nzoto naye, oyo azali kokolola. Soki akololi abimisaka maladie nakati ya soyi. Soki moto ozui soyi yango na tango ya kopomola, wana okoki kozua TB. Soyi yango ekoki kovanda na mopepe na tango molayi kasi wana mbala mingi epesaka maladie te. Nzela oyo monene ezali kaka soki ozalaka mpene mpe mpona tango molayi na moto oyo azali na yango. == Tuberculose ezalaka bisika mingi? == Nakati ya [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] na bambula ya 1950, batu koleka 50,000 bazalaki kozua TB na mbula moko. Mikolo oyo ezongi ti batu 7,000 baye bazuaka na mbula moko, kasi soki okokisi yango na bambula ya 1990, tango wana ezalaki bato 5,500. Yango okomona te ezali komata lisusu. Wana omoni te kozua TB ezali noki te, kasi ebongi ozala ekenge na ndenge ya koyeba yango mpo, na mokili mobimba TB ezali bisika mingi. Lokola batu mingi batambolaka na mokili, bango bakoki kozua yango mpe bakotisi yango na mboka na biso. == Tuberculose emonanaka ndenge nini? == Tuberculose ekoki kobebisa esika nyonso ya nzoto, ndenge wana, ndenge ekomonana na mwana ekeseni na oyo ya moto mokolo. Lokola tuberculose ewutaka na bato, malamu oyebaka moto oyo azali na yango. Malamu omona dokotolo soki mwana na yo to ndeko alakisaka biloko oyo tokomi na nse: * [[Kokolola]] mpona koleka mposo misatu * [[Fievre]] * Kotoko na mbutu * [[Kokondo]] * Kolemba nzoto noki * Kokolola [[makila]] == Mpona nini mwana na ngai bapesa ye BCG? == Na Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ, lokola na bamboka misusu, [[Mobateli ya BCG|BCG]] (Bacillus Calmette-Guèrin) bapesaka na bana baye bazali mpene ya bato oyo bakoki kozala na TB. Wana ezali mpo bana yango bavandaka bisika ya bato mingi ya TB, ezala baboti to bankoko bauti bisika bato mingi babelaka TB. Na mokuse mbala mingi bana oyo bavandaka na cite ya masikini. Mobateli yango bapesaka na tango mwana abotami kasi bakopesaka mpe na tango nyonso oyo ebongi. == Bamboka oyo ezalaka na babeli mingi ya Tuberculose == [[Image:Flu Vaccine.jpg|thumb|right|Mbala mingi mwana nayo bakobeta ye tonga ya BCG na loboko ya mwasi mpene na lipeka.]] Bamboka oyo tokoma na nse ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB. Soki eyano na yo ya mituni na biso ezali 'oui' 'íyo', sala noki opesa mwana nayo azua [[Mobateli ya BCG|BCG]] soki azui naino te. * Yo, bandeko nayo to tata ya mwana na yo awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Yo na mwana nayo bokokende kovanda koleka sanza moko to bokotambola mingi na mboka nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Nakati ya ndako nayo, to mpene nayo, azali moto oyo akozala mpene na mwana nayo na tango mingi, oyo azali na TB to azalaki na yango kala, to awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo to tangi? == Nzela nini ya koyeba Tuberculose? == Lokola TB ekotaka bisika mingi na nzoto, nzela ya komona yango mpe ezali ndenge na ndenge. TB oyo eyebani mingi nde ya kokolola 'pulmonary TB'. Moto oyo azali na yango akolakisa: * kozanga mposa ya koliya na kokondo * kokolola oyo emataka makasi sima ya mposo mine na koleka to basenza * kobimisa soyi mingi; akoki mpe kokolola makila soki nzela ya makila epasuki * komiyoka nzoto elembi tango nyonso * kozala na fievre, mbala mingi na mbutu, oyo epesi kotoko mingi == TB epanzaka ndenge nini? == Nzela ya kopanza TB yango kaka moko: baye bazali na yango nakati ya tolo to na mongongo. Mayi oyo ebimaka na monoko na kokolola nakati ya mopepe nde ezali na maladie. Kasi oyeba te tango mosusu baoyo bazali na yango bakoki te kopanza yango. == Kozua TB ezalaka noki, to makasi? == Penza, ezalaka makasi moto azua TB, mpe esengi tango molayi to kokutana mbala mingi na moto oyo azali na yango, lokola kovanda na ndako moko. Ata ndenge wana, basusu, ata soki bazui TB, bango bakobelaka te. Bato mingi (toloba 9 na kati ya 10) baye bazali na nzoto kolongono, soki bazui yango bakobela te. Baye 10% batikali bakobela, kasi mbala mingi noki te, kasi na sima ata ya bambula 10 na koleka (Comstock, 1982). Wana esalamaka mpo maladie yango ekoki kovanda na nzoto ya moto lokola elali bambula mpe moto azali kobela te. Maladie ekolamuka na sima ya bambula, mbala mingi soki nzoto ezangi komibatela (immunite), lokola moto mobange, bankisi misusu, kobela lokola [[Sida]] to kovanda na mizele. Mpona 10% baye bakobelaka TB, tango ya mabe ezalaka soki ekomi naino mbula mibale te banda bazui yango. Kati ya 1 na 5% ya baye bazui TB babelaka noki wuta bazui yango (Styblo et al., 1969; Sutherland et al., 1976; 1982). Wana babengaka yango kobela mbala moko, na Angle 'primary disease', mpe mbala mingi ezalaka na bana. 'Primary TB' mbala mingi ekoleka emonana te, mpe ekobika yango moko ata soki moto ameli nkisi te, kasi ekoki kozonga sima ya bambula. Ekotika elembo moke nakati ya tolo, na ndenge emonanaka na Rayon-X. == Kozua TB na kobela TB bikeseni? == Mpona bato mingi baoyo bakozua TB, [[mobateli|mibateli]] ya nzoto (immunite) ekobunda kino kosilisa to kokanga emata te. Ndenge wana maladie ekotikala kolala, kasi ezali naino na bomoyi, mpe ekobima lisusu na sima. Ya ndenge oyo babengaka 'latent TB infection'. Baye bazali na latent TB infection: * emonanaka te * bakoyoka kobela te * bakoki kopanza na basusu te * Mbala mingi soki bameki loposo, ekomonana te bazali na yango * Bakoki kobela TB na sima ya bambula Baye bazali kobela TB (‘active TB’) bakolakisaka biloko oyo tokomaki na 'Nzela nini ya koyeba TB'. == TB mabe na yango penza nini? == Soki babikisi te, TB, ata epayi ya bakolo, emataka malembe kino eyi koboma. Mabe mosusu ekopesa meningite. Nzela mosusu, soki babikisi te, nde kobimisa makila tango ya kokolola. TB ekokoma ndongo soki emeseni nkisi, mpo ndenge ya kobikisa ezalaka makasi. Nakati ya [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]], TB, ebomaka bato 350 na mbula moko, mingi nakati ya bango mibange, kasi bana mpe bazalaka. Bisika bato bavandaka na bandako oyo ekoki te, na mokili mobimba, bato mingi bakufaka na TB koleka oyo ya UK. == TB bakoki kopekisa na mobateli <vaccination>? == Mobateli ezali ya BCG. Tango mosusu epekisaka TB te. Kasi esalisaka mpona bana baoyo bazali kobela meningite 'TB meningitis' (Rodrigues et al., 1993). Nakati ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ, BCG tango ya kala bazalaki kopesa bana nyonso ya kelasi. Kasi lokola ndenge ya TB ebaluki, UK ekamati nzela ya kolanda bato moke baoyo bakozala na yango. Mobateli ya BCG ekeseni kolanda epayi okozala na UK, mpo TB ekozala mingi esika moko kasi ezali te esika mosusu. BCG bapesaka bana oyo bavandaka bisika ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB koleka bisika misusu, likolo ya oyo, bapesaka na bana babotami na mboka oyo ezali na bato mingi ya TB. Bapesaka mpe na bana kelasi ya mbula 10 kino 14 soki bazui BCG na kala te. == Soki olingi kokende na mboka mopaya ebongi ozua mobateli ya BCG? == Soki azuaki BCG kala te esengi moto azua yango soki alingi kotambola, kovanda to kosala mosala mpona sanza moko to koleka, na mboka oyo ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB (Immunisation against Infectious Disease, 1996). == Mobateli ya BCG ezali nini? == [[Mobateli]] ya [[Bacillus Calmette-Guèrin]] (BCG) ezali maladie ya TB oyo ezuaka gombe [[Mycobacterium bovis]]. Nakati ya BCG maladie ya TB ezalaka, kasi bakangi yango epesa kobela te. Kasi mpona baye bazangi mobateli ya nzoto, lokola bato ya [[Sida]], mpona bango BCG ekoki kopesa maladie tango mosusu. BCG batiyaka yango na tonga ya moke na loposo. == Mpona nini, moto liboso ya kopesa ye BCG, ebongi bameka loposo naye? == Moto nyonso oyo azali na sanza 12 to koleka wana, bakomekaka loposo naye liboso ya kopesa ye [[mobateli ya BCG]]. Wana ezali mpona koyeba soki mobateli ya nzoto (immunite) emeseni na TB. Nzela ya koyeba nde kobeta tonga ya [[tuberculin]] – mayi ya proteine basali wuta na 'M. tuberculosis' – na kati ya loposo. Sima ya mikolo 2 - 10, na ndenge ya tonga yango, bakotala esika babeti yango. Soki esika babeti tonga evimbi mpe, ekomi lokola makila, wana elakisi te maladie ezali. Ndenge wana ebongi lisusu te bapesa moto BCG, mpo akozala asiazui TB to maladie mosusu ya ndenge wana. Soki nzoto naye elakisi kozala na maladie ya makasi, wana esengi bameka ye na nzela misusu koyeba soki penza asiazui to abandi kobela TB. Bana oyo bakokisi naino sanza 12 te, bango bazali na posa te ya komeka loposo, liboso ya kozua BCG. == Tuberculose babikisaka yango ndenge nini? == Mbala mingi TB ekoki kobika, kasi moto ebongi asilisa nkisi ya sanza 6 to koleka. Baye babelaka TB mbala mingi bakotaka na opital te. Ata soki bakoti, wana ekozala mpona koyeba soki penza bazali na maladie yango to mpo babanda kozua nkisi. Ata boye, bato ya TB esengi bazala mpene na efimiele ya tolo, tango nyonso ya kozua nkisi mpo bazua yango na ndenge ekoki, mpe soki likambo ya mabe ezali, basala noki moto atika te kozua nkisi. Nzela oyo tomeseni, ezali ya kozua nkisi 'antibiotics' misatu to mine mbala moko mpona sanza mibale, nde sima na yango nkisi mibale mpona sanza mine misusu. Nkisi mine minene ya TB ezali [[isoniazid]], [[rifampicin]], [[pyrazinamide]] na [[ethambutol]]. Eyaka elongo mpona kosalisa soki maladie emeseni nkisi moko, misusu ebunda. Ata boye, maladie ebandi komesana nkisi ya ndenge nyonso. Mbala mingi nkisi esalaka lisusu te mpo moto azalaki kozua yango na ndenge ekoki te, to azuaki yango na ndenge ya mabe to moto asilisaki te kozua nkisi (Conaty et al., 2004). Mikolo oyo batiyaka nkisi mibale to koleka na kati ya na komprime moko. Moto akomela komprime mine to koleka, mokolo moko. Tango mosusu esengi moto azua nkisi mikolo mingi, lokola maladie ya [[TB meningitis]], to soki maladie ebandi komesana na nkisi moko to mibale, wana esengi kobalula nkisi. Soki moto abandi nkisi mpona poso mibale, wana akoki lisusu kopanza TB te, mpe akobanda komiyoka malamu sima ya poso mine. Kasi esengi sanza motoba ya kozua nkisi mpo moto abika. == Tosala nini soki moto azalaka mpene na moto ya TB? == Tango bakuti moto azali na TB, dokotolo akotala soki baye bavandaka naye bakoki kozua yango. Soki emonani te moto akoki kopanza yango, to mwana azali na yango, kasi eyebani te azui yango wapi, wana baye bazalaka mpene naye bakobenga bango mpo bameka eyebana soki bango mpe bazali na yango. Bato wana bakozala bandeko to baye bavandaka na ndako moko. Tango mosusu baninga, lokola baye basalaka elongo, mpe bakobenga bango, kasi mbala mingi tina ya kosala yango ekozala te. Ezalaka mbala mingi te mwana apanza TB – kasi kobela na bango elakisaka te moto mokolo oyo azali kobela TB, azali mpene na mwana wana. Komeka mpona bandeko tina yango koyeba baye basi bazui TB to baye basi babandi kobela. Komeka basalaka na loposo to na Rayon-X. Na kati ya UK mbala mingi soki bameki loposo, elakisaka te moto asiazui maladie (loposo kovimbal mpe kozala lokola makila esika babetaki tonga), kasi wana ezali mpo bazuaki mobateli ya BCG. Soki loposo soolo ezali. Soki TB emonani, wana moto bamemi ye na dokotolo mpe bakopesa ye nkisi ya TB. == Na mokili mobimba == TB ebomaki bato 100 million na bambula 100 oyo eleki, yango Organisation Mondial de Sante eti yango lokola maladie oyo ya koboma bato mingi na mokili 'Global Health Emergency' na 1993 (WHO 1). Emonani lokola 33% ya bato nyonso na mokili bazali na yango. Na mbula moko, bato 9 million ya sika bazuaka yango (WHO 2). Tango nyonso moto moko azuaka yango na second moko. Mpona bato mingi ata soki bazui TB mobateli ya nzoto na bango ekoki kokanga yango babela te. Ata boye, TB ebomaka bato 2 million na mokili na mbula moko, moto moko na second 15 (WHO 3). Kati ya bango, 98% bazali bato ya Tiers Monde, mingi na Asie de Sud na Afrika ya bato mwindo (WHO 4). TB ezali ya liboso mpona koboma basi mpe koleka maladie misusu esalaka bana etike bazala mingi. == Nini bazali kosala mpona kokanga TB na mokili mobimba? == Ebongi bato nyonso na mokili babunda na TB. Kokanga yango esika moko ekosalisa soki bakangi yango bisika misusu. WHO eyi na nzela oyo babengaka 'Directly Observed Treatment – Shortcourse' (DOTS) (WHO 5): 1. leta ezala na mposa ya kosalisa 2. nzela ya komeka bato mpo eyabana soki bazali na TB 3. nzela oyo ebandimi ya kozua nkisi ya sanza 6 mpona babeli mpe moto ya kotala te bato bazali kozua nkisi na ndenge ebongi 4. Moto atika te komela nkisi kino abiki, mpe nkisi yango ezala oyo ebongi 5. Kotiya na buku nzela ekoki ya kozua nkisi mpo na sima eyebana ndenge bapesaki nkisi 6270 2005-09-18T11:34:31Z Moyogo 11 '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezalí maladie óyo ebébisaka esíká ya kopomola na káti ya tolo, kasi ekokí mpé kobébisa bisíka misúsu na nzóto. Na bambula 150 óyo eleki na [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]], moto moko na kati ya bato 8 óyo bazalaki kokufa ezalaki mpo ya TB. Kasi na bambula ya 1980, maladie yango emonanaki mingi lisusu te, mpoya bato kozala na ndako ya malamu, koliya malamu mpe koyeba noki na kotiya pembeni baye bazali kobela mpo bazua lobiko noki. Kasi TB esili naino libela te. Ya soolo, TB ezali maladie enyokoloko mingi mokili mikolo oyo. Mbula oyo eleki batu mingi bakufaki na TB-8,000 na mokolo moko- koleka na bambula nyonso oyo esieleki. Na bambula 20 oyo eleki, TB ebandi komata malembemalembe na UK. Sikoyo bato 7,000 bazuaka yango na mbula moko – wana koloba moto moko na kati ya bato 10,000 na mboka mobimba. Buku oyo eyebisaka likolo ya maladie yango, ndenge ya koyeba yango, lobiko na yango, mpe elakisaka ndenge ezali na mboka na biso na kokokisa yango na ndenge ezalaka na mokili mobimba. Buku oyo mpe ezui batoli ya sika mpoya mopekisi ya BCG na UK, mpe babuku misusu na sango oyo nyonso ekosalisa koyeba makambo ya maladi yango na bawebsite. == Tuberculose ezali nini? == [[Image:TB AFB smear.jpg|thumb|right|tuberculose]] '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezali maladie ya mabe oyo ekoki kovimbisa nakati ya moto ya mwana, na Angle [[TB meningitis]]. Mpona bato bakolo, mbala mingi ebebisaka esika ya kopomola, kasi ekoki kobebisa mpe mikua, nakati ya moto to bisika misusu. Awa na mboka na biso, bato mingi baye bazuaka TB babikaka, kasi esengi sanza mingi mpo babika. TB ezali maladie ya makasi, kasi ebikaka, ewutaka na 'Mycobacterium Tuberculosis' tuberculosis to M. Tb na mokuse). Mbala mingi ekotaka na tolo esika ya kopumola Angle 'pulmonary TB') kasi ekoki mpe kokota bisika misusu na nzoto lokola nakati kingo, mikua to biloko na libumu. Ekoki mpe kopesa meningite. Maladie mosusu, M. bovis, ekokani na TB kasi yango ezuaka banyama, mbala mingi gombe ('bovine TB'). M. bovis mpe ekoki kozua moto lokola kala, tango bato bayebaki naino te ndenge ya kobatela mabele <pasteurisation> to koluka TB na gombe. == Tuberculose moto azuaka ndenge nini? == Nzela oyo monene ya kozua TB nde ewutaka na moto oyo azali na yango na nzoto naye, oyo azali kokolola. Soki akololi abimisaka maladie nakati ya soyi. Soki moto ozui soyi yango na tango ya kopomola, wana okoki kozua TB. Soyi yango ekoki kovanda na mopepe na tango molayi kasi wana mbala mingi epesaka maladie te. Nzela oyo monene ezali kaka soki ozalaka mpene mpe mpona tango molayi na moto oyo azali na yango. == Tuberculose ezalaka bisika mingi? == Nakati ya [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] na bambula ya 1950, batu koleka 50,000 bazalaki kozua TB na mbula moko. Mikolo oyo ezongi ti batu 7,000 baye bazuaka na mbula moko, kasi soki okokisi yango na bambula ya 1990, tango wana ezalaki bato 5,500. Yango okomona te ezali komata lisusu. Wana omoni te kozua TB ezali noki te, kasi ebongi ozala ekenge na ndenge ya koyeba yango mpo, na mokili mobimba TB ezali bisika mingi. Lokola batu mingi batambolaka na mokili, bango bakoki kozua yango mpe bakotisi yango na mboka na biso. == Tuberculose emonanaka ndenge nini? == Tuberculose ekoki kobebisa esika nyonso ya nzoto, ndenge wana, ndenge ekomonana na mwana ekeseni na oyo ya moto mokolo. Lokola tuberculose ewutaka na bato, malamu oyebaka moto oyo azali na yango. Malamu omona dokotolo soki mwana na yo to ndeko alakisaka biloko oyo tokomi na nse: * [[Kokolola]] mpona koleka mposo misatu * [[Fievre]] * Kotoko na mbutu * [[Kokondo]] * Kolemba nzoto noki * Kokolola [[makila]] == Mpona nini mwana na ngai bapesa ye BCG? == Na Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ, lokola na bamboka misusu, [[Mobateli ya BCG|BCG]] (Bacillus Calmette-Guèrin) bapesaka na bana baye bazali mpene ya bato oyo bakoki kozala na TB. Wana ezali mpo bana yango bavandaka bisika ya bato mingi ya TB, ezala baboti to bankoko bauti bisika bato mingi babelaka TB. Na mokuse mbala mingi bana oyo bavandaka na cite ya masikini. Mobateli yango bapesaka na tango mwana abotami kasi bakopesaka mpe na tango nyonso oyo ebongi. == Bamboka oyo ezalaka na babeli mingi ya Tuberculose == [[Image:Flu Vaccine.jpg|thumb|right|Mbala mingi mwana nayo bakobeta ye tonga ya BCG na loboko ya mwasi mpene na lipeka.]] Bamboka oyo tokoma na nse ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB. Soki eyano na yo ya mituni na biso ezali 'oui' 'íyo', sala noki opesa mwana nayo azua [[Mobateli ya BCG|BCG]] soki azui naino te. * Yo, bandeko nayo to tata ya mwana na yo awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Yo na mwana nayo bokokende kovanda koleka sanza moko to bokotambola mingi na mboka nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Nakati ya ndako nayo, to mpene nayo, azali moto oyo akozala mpene na mwana nayo na tango mingi, oyo azali na TB to azalaki na yango kala, to awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo to tangi? == Nzela nini ya koyeba Tuberculose? == Lokola TB ekotaka bisika mingi na nzoto, nzela ya komona yango mpe ezali ndenge na ndenge. TB oyo eyebani mingi nde ya kokolola 'pulmonary TB'. Moto oyo azali na yango akolakisa: * kozanga mposa ya koliya na kokondo * kokolola oyo emataka makasi sima ya mposo mine na koleka to basenza * kobimisa soyi mingi; akoki mpe kokolola makila soki nzela ya makila epasuki * komiyoka nzoto elembi tango nyonso * kozala na fievre, mbala mingi na mbutu, oyo epesi kotoko mingi == TB epanzaka ndenge nini? == Nzela ya kopanza TB yango kaka moko: baye bazali na yango nakati ya tolo to na mongongo. Mayi oyo ebimaka na monoko na kokolola nakati ya mopepe nde ezali na maladie. Kasi oyeba te tango mosusu baoyo bazali na yango bakoki te kopanza yango. == Kozua TB ezalaka noki, to makasi? == Penza, ezalaka makasi moto azua TB, mpe esengi tango molayi to kokutana mbala mingi na moto oyo azali na yango, lokola kovanda na ndako moko. Ata ndenge wana, basusu, ata soki bazui TB, bango bakobelaka te. Bato mingi (toloba 9 na kati ya 10) baye bazali na nzoto kolongono, soki bazui yango bakobela te. Baye 10% batikali bakobela, kasi mbala mingi noki te, kasi na sima ata ya bambula 10 na koleka (Comstock, 1982). Wana esalamaka mpo maladie yango ekoki kovanda na nzoto ya moto lokola elali bambula mpe moto azali kobela te. Maladie ekolamuka na sima ya bambula, mbala mingi soki nzoto ezangi komibatela (immunite), lokola moto mobange, bankisi misusu, kobela lokola [[Sida]] to kovanda na mizele. Mpona 10% baye bakobelaka TB, tango ya mabe ezalaka soki ekomi naino mbula mibale te banda bazui yango. Kati ya 1 na 5% ya baye bazui TB babelaka noki wuta bazui yango (Styblo et al., 1969; Sutherland et al., 1976; 1982). Wana babengaka yango kobela mbala moko, na Angle 'primary disease', mpe mbala mingi ezalaka na bana. 'Primary TB' mbala mingi ekoleka emonana te, mpe ekobika yango moko ata soki moto ameli nkisi te, kasi ekoki kozonga sima ya bambula. Ekotika elembo moke nakati ya tolo, na ndenge emonanaka na Rayon-X. == Kozua TB na kobela TB bikeseni? == Mpona bato mingi baoyo bakozua TB, [[mobateli|mibateli]] ya nzoto (immunite) ekobunda kino kosilisa to kokanga emata te. Ndenge wana maladie ekotikala kolala, kasi ezali naino na bomoyi, mpe ekobima lisusu na sima. Ya ndenge oyo babengaka 'latent TB infection'. Baye bazali na latent TB infection: * emonanaka te * bakoyoka kobela te * bakoki kopanza na basusu te * Mbala mingi soki bameki loposo, ekomonana te bazali na yango * Bakoki kobela TB na sima ya bambula Baye bazali kobela TB (‘active TB’) bakolakisaka biloko oyo tokomaki na 'Nzela nini ya koyeba TB'. == TB mabe na yango penza nini? == Soki babikisi te, TB, ata epayi ya bakolo, emataka malembe kino eyi koboma. Mabe mosusu ekopesa meningite. Nzela mosusu, soki babikisi te, nde kobimisa makila tango ya kokolola. TB ekokoma ndongo soki emeseni nkisi, mpo ndenge ya kobikisa ezalaka makasi. Nakati ya [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]], TB, ebomaka bato 350 na mbula moko, mingi nakati ya bango mibange, kasi bana mpe bazalaka. Bisika bato bavandaka na bandako oyo ekoki te, na mokili mobimba, bato mingi bakufaka na TB koleka oyo ya UK. == TB bakoki kopekisa na mobateli <vaccination>? == Mobateli ezali ya BCG. Tango mosusu epekisaka TB te. Kasi esalisaka mpona bana baoyo bazali kobela meningite 'TB meningitis' (Rodrigues et al., 1993). Nakati ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ, BCG tango ya kala bazalaki kopesa bana nyonso ya kelasi. Kasi lokola ndenge ya TB ebaluki, UK ekamati nzela ya kolanda bato moke baoyo bakozala na yango. Mobateli ya BCG ekeseni kolanda epayi okozala na UK, mpo TB ekozala mingi esika moko kasi ezali te esika mosusu. BCG bapesaka bana oyo bavandaka bisika ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB koleka bisika misusu, likolo ya oyo, bapesaka na bana babotami na mboka oyo ezali na bato mingi ya TB. Bapesaka mpe na bana kelasi ya mbula 10 kino 14 soki bazui BCG na kala te. == Soki olingi kokende na mboka mopaya ebongi ozua mobateli ya BCG? == Soki azuaki BCG kala te esengi moto azua yango soki alingi kotambola, kovanda to kosala mosala mpona sanza moko to koleka, na mboka oyo ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB (Immunisation against Infectious Disease, 1996). == Mobateli ya BCG ezali nini? == [[Mobateli]] ya [[Bacillus Calmette-Guèrin]] (BCG) ezali maladie ya TB oyo ezuaka gombe [[Mycobacterium bovis]]. Nakati ya BCG maladie ya TB ezalaka, kasi bakangi yango epesa kobela te. Kasi mpona baye bazangi mobateli ya nzoto, lokola bato ya [[Sida]], mpona bango BCG ekoki kopesa maladie tango mosusu. BCG batiyaka yango na tonga ya moke na loposo. == Mpona nini, moto liboso ya kopesa ye BCG, ebongi bameka loposo naye? == Moto nyonso oyo azali na sanza 12 to koleka wana, bakomekaka loposo naye liboso ya kopesa ye [[mobateli ya BCG]]. Wana ezali mpona koyeba soki mobateli ya nzoto (immunite) emeseni na TB. Nzela ya koyeba nde kobeta tonga ya [[tuberculin]] – mayi ya proteine basali wuta na 'M. tuberculosis' – na kati ya loposo. Sima ya mikolo 2 - 10, na ndenge ya tonga yango, bakotala esika babeti yango. Soki esika babeti tonga evimbi mpe, ekomi lokola makila, wana elakisi te maladie ezali. Ndenge wana ebongi lisusu te bapesa moto BCG, mpo akozala asiazui TB to maladie mosusu ya ndenge wana. Soki nzoto naye elakisi kozala na maladie ya makasi, wana esengi bameka ye na nzela misusu koyeba soki penza asiazui to abandi kobela TB. Bana oyo bakokisi naino sanza 12 te, bango bazali na posa te ya komeka loposo, liboso ya kozua BCG. == Tuberculose babikisaka yango ndenge nini? == Mbala mingi TB ekoki kobika, kasi moto ebongi asilisa nkisi ya sanza 6 to koleka. Baye babelaka TB mbala mingi bakotaka na opital te. Ata soki bakoti, wana ekozala mpona koyeba soki penza bazali na maladie yango to mpo babanda kozua nkisi. Ata boye, bato ya TB esengi bazala mpene na efimiele ya tolo, tango nyonso ya kozua nkisi mpo bazua yango na ndenge ekoki, mpe soki likambo ya mabe ezali, basala noki moto atika te kozua nkisi. Nzela oyo tomeseni, ezali ya kozua nkisi 'antibiotics' misatu to mine mbala moko mpona sanza mibale, nde sima na yango nkisi mibale mpona sanza mine misusu. Nkisi mine minene ya TB ezali [[isoniazid]], [[rifampicin]], [[pyrazinamide]] na [[ethambutol]]. Eyaka elongo mpona kosalisa soki maladie emeseni nkisi moko, misusu ebunda. Ata boye, maladie ebandi komesana nkisi ya ndenge nyonso. Mbala mingi nkisi esalaka lisusu te mpo moto azalaki kozua yango na ndenge ekoki te, to azuaki yango na ndenge ya mabe to moto asilisaki te kozua nkisi (Conaty et al., 2004). Mikolo oyo batiyaka nkisi mibale to koleka na kati ya na komprime moko. Moto akomela komprime mine to koleka, mokolo moko. Tango mosusu esengi moto azua nkisi mikolo mingi, lokola maladie ya [[TB meningitis]], to soki maladie ebandi komesana na nkisi moko to mibale, wana esengi kobalula nkisi. Soki moto abandi nkisi mpona poso mibale, wana akoki lisusu kopanza TB te, mpe akobanda komiyoka malamu sima ya poso mine. Kasi esengi sanza motoba ya kozua nkisi mpo moto abika. == Tosala nini soki moto azalaka mpene na moto ya TB? == Tango bakuti moto azali na TB, dokotolo akotala soki baye bavandaka naye bakoki kozua yango. Soki emonani te moto akoki kopanza yango, to mwana azali na yango, kasi eyebani te azui yango wapi, wana baye bazalaka mpene naye bakobenga bango mpo bameka eyebana soki bango mpe bazali na yango. Bato wana bakozala bandeko to baye bavandaka na ndako moko. Tango mosusu baninga, lokola baye basalaka elongo, mpe bakobenga bango, kasi mbala mingi tina ya kosala yango ekozala te. Ezalaka mbala mingi te mwana apanza TB – kasi kobela na bango elakisaka te moto mokolo oyo azali kobela TB, azali mpene na mwana wana. Komeka mpona bandeko tina yango koyeba baye basi bazui TB to baye basi babandi kobela. Komeka basalaka na loposo to na Rayon-X. Na kati ya UK mbala mingi soki bameki loposo, elakisaka te moto asiazui maladie (loposo kovimbal mpe kozala lokola makila esika babetaki tonga), kasi wana ezali mpo bazuaki mobateli ya BCG. Soki loposo soolo ezali. Soki TB emonani, wana moto bamemi ye na dokotolo mpe bakopesa ye nkisi ya TB. == Na mokili mobimba == TB ebomaki bato 100 million na bambula 100 oyo eleki, yango Organisation Mondial de Sante eti yango lokola maladie oyo ya koboma bato mingi na mokili 'Global Health Emergency' na 1993 (WHO 1). Emonani lokola 33% ya bato nyonso na mokili bazali na yango. Na mbula moko, bato 9 million ya sika bazuaka yango (WHO 2). Tango nyonso moto moko azuaka yango na second moko. Mpona bato mingi ata soki bazui TB mobateli ya nzoto na bango ekoki kokanga yango babela te. Ata boye, TB ebomaka bato 2 million na mokili na mbula moko, moto moko na second 15 (WHO 3). Kati ya bango, 98% bazali bato ya Tiers Monde, mingi na Asie de Sud na Afrika ya bato mwindo (WHO 4). TB ezali ya liboso mpona koboma basi mpe koleka maladie misusu esalaka bana etike bazala mingi. == Nini bazali kosala mpona kokanga TB na mokili mobimba? == Ebongi bato nyonso na mokili babunda na TB. Kokanga yango esika moko ekosalisa soki bakangi yango bisika misusu. WHO eyi na nzela oyo babengaka 'Directly Observed Treatment – Shortcourse' (DOTS) (WHO 5): 1. leta ezala na mposa ya kosalisa 2. nzela ya komeka bato mpo eyabana soki bazali na TB 3. nzela oyo ebandimi ya kozua nkisi ya sanza 6 mpona babeli mpe moto ya kotala te bato bazali kozua nkisi na ndenge ebongi 4. Moto atika te komela nkisi kino abiki, mpe nkisi yango ezala oyo ebongi 5. Kotiya na buku nzela ekoki ya kozua nkisi mpo na sima eyebana ndenge bapesaki nkisi 6427 2005-10-10T12:18:56Z Bombo 12 cat [[Category:Maladi]] '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezalí maladie óyo ebébisaka esíká ya kopomola na káti ya tolo, kasi ekokí mpé kobébisa bisíka misúsu na nzóto. Na bambula 150 óyo eleki na [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]], moto moko na kati ya bato 8 óyo bazalaki kokufa ezalaki mpo ya TB. Kasi na bambula ya 1980, maladie yango emonanaki mingi lisusu te, mpoya bato kozala na ndako ya malamu, koliya malamu mpe koyeba noki na kotiya pembeni baye bazali kobela mpo bazua lobiko noki. Kasi TB esili naino libela te. Ya soolo, TB ezali maladie enyokoloko mingi mokili mikolo oyo. Mbula oyo eleki batu mingi bakufaki na TB-8,000 na mokolo moko- koleka na bambula nyonso oyo esieleki. Na bambula 20 oyo eleki, TB ebandi komata malembemalembe na UK. Sikoyo bato 7,000 bazuaka yango na mbula moko – wana koloba moto moko na kati ya bato 10,000 na mboka mobimba. Buku oyo eyebisaka likolo ya maladie yango, ndenge ya koyeba yango, lobiko na yango, mpe elakisaka ndenge ezali na mboka na biso na kokokisa yango na ndenge ezalaka na mokili mobimba. Buku oyo mpe ezui batoli ya sika mpoya mopekisi ya BCG na UK, mpe babuku misusu na sango oyo nyonso ekosalisa koyeba makambo ya maladi yango na bawebsite. == Tuberculose ezali nini? == [[Image:TB AFB smear.jpg|thumb|right|tuberculose]] '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezali maladie ya mabe oyo ekoki kovimbisa nakati ya moto ya mwana, na Angle [[TB meningitis]]. Mpona bato bakolo, mbala mingi ebebisaka esika ya kopomola, kasi ekoki kobebisa mpe mikua, nakati ya moto to bisika misusu. Awa na mboka na biso, bato mingi baye bazuaka TB babikaka, kasi esengi sanza mingi mpo babika. TB ezali maladie ya makasi, kasi ebikaka, ewutaka na 'Mycobacterium Tuberculosis' tuberculosis to M. Tb na mokuse). Mbala mingi ekotaka na tolo esika ya kopumola Angle 'pulmonary TB') kasi ekoki mpe kokota bisika misusu na nzoto lokola nakati kingo, mikua to biloko na libumu. Ekoki mpe kopesa meningite. Maladie mosusu, M. bovis, ekokani na TB kasi yango ezuaka banyama, mbala mingi gombe ('bovine TB'). M. bovis mpe ekoki kozua moto lokola kala, tango bato bayebaki naino te ndenge ya kobatela mabele <pasteurisation> to koluka TB na gombe. == Tuberculose moto azuaka ndenge nini? == Nzela oyo monene ya kozua TB nde ewutaka na moto oyo azali na yango na nzoto naye, oyo azali kokolola. Soki akololi abimisaka maladie nakati ya soyi. Soki moto ozui soyi yango na tango ya kopomola, wana okoki kozua TB. Soyi yango ekoki kovanda na mopepe na tango molayi kasi wana mbala mingi epesaka maladie te. Nzela oyo monene ezali kaka soki ozalaka mpene mpe mpona tango molayi na moto oyo azali na yango. == Tuberculose ezalaka bisika mingi? == Nakati ya [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] na bambula ya 1950, batu koleka 50,000 bazalaki kozua TB na mbula moko. Mikolo oyo ezongi ti batu 7,000 baye bazuaka na mbula moko, kasi soki okokisi yango na bambula ya 1990, tango wana ezalaki bato 5,500. Yango okomona te ezali komata lisusu. Wana omoni te kozua TB ezali noki te, kasi ebongi ozala ekenge na ndenge ya koyeba yango mpo, na mokili mobimba TB ezali bisika mingi. Lokola batu mingi batambolaka na mokili, bango bakoki kozua yango mpe bakotisi yango na mboka na biso. == Tuberculose emonanaka ndenge nini? == Tuberculose ekoki kobebisa esika nyonso ya nzoto, ndenge wana, ndenge ekomonana na mwana ekeseni na oyo ya moto mokolo. Lokola tuberculose ewutaka na bato, malamu oyebaka moto oyo azali na yango. Malamu omona dokotolo soki mwana na yo to ndeko alakisaka biloko oyo tokomi na nse: * [[Kokolola]] mpona koleka mposo misatu * [[Fievre]] * Kotoko na mbutu * [[Kokondo]] * Kolemba nzoto noki * Kokolola [[makila]] == Mpona nini mwana na ngai bapesa ye BCG? == Na Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ, lokola na bamboka misusu, [[Mobateli ya BCG|BCG]] (Bacillus Calmette-Guèrin) bapesaka na bana baye bazali mpene ya bato oyo bakoki kozala na TB. Wana ezali mpo bana yango bavandaka bisika ya bato mingi ya TB, ezala baboti to bankoko bauti bisika bato mingi babelaka TB. Na mokuse mbala mingi bana oyo bavandaka na cite ya masikini. Mobateli yango bapesaka na tango mwana abotami kasi bakopesaka mpe na tango nyonso oyo ebongi. == Bamboka oyo ezalaka na babeli mingi ya Tuberculose == [[Image:Flu Vaccine.jpg|thumb|right|Mbala mingi mwana nayo bakobeta ye tonga ya BCG na loboko ya mwasi mpene na lipeka.]] Bamboka oyo tokoma na nse ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB. Soki eyano na yo ya mituni na biso ezali 'oui' 'íyo', sala noki opesa mwana nayo azua [[Mobateli ya BCG|BCG]] soki azui naino te. * Yo, bandeko nayo to tata ya mwana na yo awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Yo na mwana nayo bokokende kovanda koleka sanza moko to bokotambola mingi na mboka nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Nakati ya ndako nayo, to mpene nayo, azali moto oyo akozala mpene na mwana nayo na tango mingi, oyo azali na TB to azalaki na yango kala, to awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo to tangi? == Nzela nini ya koyeba Tuberculose? == Lokola TB ekotaka bisika mingi na nzoto, nzela ya komona yango mpe ezali ndenge na ndenge. TB oyo eyebani mingi nde ya kokolola 'pulmonary TB'. Moto oyo azali na yango akolakisa: * kozanga mposa ya koliya na kokondo * kokolola oyo emataka makasi sima ya mposo mine na koleka to basenza * kobimisa soyi mingi; akoki mpe kokolola makila soki nzela ya makila epasuki * komiyoka nzoto elembi tango nyonso * kozala na fievre, mbala mingi na mbutu, oyo epesi kotoko mingi == TB epanzaka ndenge nini? == Nzela ya kopanza TB yango kaka moko: baye bazali na yango nakati ya tolo to na mongongo. Mayi oyo ebimaka na monoko na kokolola nakati ya mopepe nde ezali na maladie. Kasi oyeba te tango mosusu baoyo bazali na yango bakoki te kopanza yango. == Kozua TB ezalaka noki, to makasi? == Penza, ezalaka makasi moto azua TB, mpe esengi tango molayi to kokutana mbala mingi na moto oyo azali na yango, lokola kovanda na ndako moko. Ata ndenge wana, basusu, ata soki bazui TB, bango bakobelaka te. Bato mingi (toloba 9 na kati ya 10) baye bazali na nzoto kolongono, soki bazui yango bakobela te. Baye 10% batikali bakobela, kasi mbala mingi noki te, kasi na sima ata ya bambula 10 na koleka (Comstock, 1982). Wana esalamaka mpo maladie yango ekoki kovanda na nzoto ya moto lokola elali bambula mpe moto azali kobela te. Maladie ekolamuka na sima ya bambula, mbala mingi soki nzoto ezangi komibatela (immunite), lokola moto mobange, bankisi misusu, kobela lokola [[Sida]] to kovanda na mizele. Mpona 10% baye bakobelaka TB, tango ya mabe ezalaka soki ekomi naino mbula mibale te banda bazui yango. Kati ya 1 na 5% ya baye bazui TB babelaka noki wuta bazui yango (Styblo et al., 1969; Sutherland et al., 1976; 1982). Wana babengaka yango kobela mbala moko, na Angle 'primary disease', mpe mbala mingi ezalaka na bana. 'Primary TB' mbala mingi ekoleka emonana te, mpe ekobika yango moko ata soki moto ameli nkisi te, kasi ekoki kozonga sima ya bambula. Ekotika elembo moke nakati ya tolo, na ndenge emonanaka na Rayon-X. == Kozua TB na kobela TB bikeseni? == Mpona bato mingi baoyo bakozua TB, [[mobateli|mibateli]] ya nzoto (immunite) ekobunda kino kosilisa to kokanga emata te. Ndenge wana maladie ekotikala kolala, kasi ezali naino na bomoyi, mpe ekobima lisusu na sima. Ya ndenge oyo babengaka 'latent TB infection'. Baye bazali na latent TB infection: * emonanaka te * bakoyoka kobela te * bakoki kopanza na basusu te * Mbala mingi soki bameki loposo, ekomonana te bazali na yango * Bakoki kobela TB na sima ya bambula Baye bazali kobela TB (‘active TB’) bakolakisaka biloko oyo tokomaki na 'Nzela nini ya koyeba TB'. == TB mabe na yango penza nini? == Soki babikisi te, TB, ata epayi ya bakolo, emataka malembe kino eyi koboma. Mabe mosusu ekopesa meningite. Nzela mosusu, soki babikisi te, nde kobimisa makila tango ya kokolola. TB ekokoma ndongo soki emeseni nkisi, mpo ndenge ya kobikisa ezalaka makasi. Nakati ya [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]], TB, ebomaka bato 350 na mbula moko, mingi nakati ya bango mibange, kasi bana mpe bazalaka. Bisika bato bavandaka na bandako oyo ekoki te, na mokili mobimba, bato mingi bakufaka na TB koleka oyo ya UK. == TB bakoki kopekisa na mobateli <vaccination>? == Mobateli ezali ya BCG. Tango mosusu epekisaka TB te. Kasi esalisaka mpona bana baoyo bazali kobela meningite 'TB meningitis' (Rodrigues et al., 1993). Nakati ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ, BCG tango ya kala bazalaki kopesa bana nyonso ya kelasi. Kasi lokola ndenge ya TB ebaluki, UK ekamati nzela ya kolanda bato moke baoyo bakozala na yango. Mobateli ya BCG ekeseni kolanda epayi okozala na UK, mpo TB ekozala mingi esika moko kasi ezali te esika mosusu. BCG bapesaka bana oyo bavandaka bisika ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB koleka bisika misusu, likolo ya oyo, bapesaka na bana babotami na mboka oyo ezali na bato mingi ya TB. Bapesaka mpe na bana kelasi ya mbula 10 kino 14 soki bazui BCG na kala te. == Soki olingi kokende na mboka mopaya ebongi ozua mobateli ya BCG? == Soki azuaki BCG kala te esengi moto azua yango soki alingi kotambola, kovanda to kosala mosala mpona sanza moko to koleka, na mboka oyo ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB (Immunisation against Infectious Disease, 1996). == Mobateli ya BCG ezali nini? == [[Mobateli]] ya [[Bacillus Calmette-Guèrin]] (BCG) ezali maladie ya TB oyo ezuaka gombe [[Mycobacterium bovis]]. Nakati ya BCG maladie ya TB ezalaka, kasi bakangi yango epesa kobela te. Kasi mpona baye bazangi mobateli ya nzoto, lokola bato ya [[Sida]], mpona bango BCG ekoki kopesa maladie tango mosusu. BCG batiyaka yango na tonga ya moke na loposo. == Mpona nini, moto liboso ya kopesa ye BCG, ebongi bameka loposo naye? == Moto nyonso oyo azali na sanza 12 to koleka wana, bakomekaka loposo naye liboso ya kopesa ye [[mobateli ya BCG]]. Wana ezali mpona koyeba soki mobateli ya nzoto (immunite) emeseni na TB. Nzela ya koyeba nde kobeta tonga ya [[tuberculin]] – mayi ya proteine basali wuta na 'M. tuberculosis' – na kati ya loposo. Sima ya mikolo 2 - 10, na ndenge ya tonga yango, bakotala esika babeti yango. Soki esika babeti tonga evimbi mpe, ekomi lokola makila, wana elakisi te maladie ezali. Ndenge wana ebongi lisusu te bapesa moto BCG, mpo akozala asiazui TB to maladie mosusu ya ndenge wana. Soki nzoto naye elakisi kozala na maladie ya makasi, wana esengi bameka ye na nzela misusu koyeba soki penza asiazui to abandi kobela TB. Bana oyo bakokisi naino sanza 12 te, bango bazali na posa te ya komeka loposo, liboso ya kozua BCG. == Tuberculose babikisaka yango ndenge nini? == Mbala mingi TB ekoki kobika, kasi moto ebongi asilisa nkisi ya sanza 6 to koleka. Baye babelaka TB mbala mingi bakotaka na opital te. Ata soki bakoti, wana ekozala mpona koyeba soki penza bazali na maladie yango to mpo babanda kozua nkisi. Ata boye, bato ya TB esengi bazala mpene na efimiele ya tolo, tango nyonso ya kozua nkisi mpo bazua yango na ndenge ekoki, mpe soki likambo ya mabe ezali, basala noki moto atika te kozua nkisi. Nzela oyo tomeseni, ezali ya kozua nkisi 'antibiotics' misatu to mine mbala moko mpona sanza mibale, nde sima na yango nkisi mibale mpona sanza mine misusu. Nkisi mine minene ya TB ezali [[isoniazid]], [[rifampicin]], [[pyrazinamide]] na [[ethambutol]]. Eyaka elongo mpona kosalisa soki maladie emeseni nkisi moko, misusu ebunda. Ata boye, maladie ebandi komesana nkisi ya ndenge nyonso. Mbala mingi nkisi esalaka lisusu te mpo moto azalaki kozua yango na ndenge ekoki te, to azuaki yango na ndenge ya mabe to moto asilisaki te kozua nkisi (Conaty et al., 2004). Mikolo oyo batiyaka nkisi mibale to koleka na kati ya na komprime moko. Moto akomela komprime mine to koleka, mokolo moko. Tango mosusu esengi moto azua nkisi mikolo mingi, lokola maladie ya [[TB meningitis]], to soki maladie ebandi komesana na nkisi moko to mibale, wana esengi kobalula nkisi. Soki moto abandi nkisi mpona poso mibale, wana akoki lisusu kopanza TB te, mpe akobanda komiyoka malamu sima ya poso mine. Kasi esengi sanza motoba ya kozua nkisi mpo moto abika. == Tosala nini soki moto azalaka mpene na moto ya TB? == Tango bakuti moto azali na TB, dokotolo akotala soki baye bavandaka naye bakoki kozua yango. Soki emonani te moto akoki kopanza yango, to mwana azali na yango, kasi eyebani te azui yango wapi, wana baye bazalaka mpene naye bakobenga bango mpo bameka eyebana soki bango mpe bazali na yango. Bato wana bakozala bandeko to baye bavandaka na ndako moko. Tango mosusu baninga, lokola baye basalaka elongo, mpe bakobenga bango, kasi mbala mingi tina ya kosala yango ekozala te. Ezalaka mbala mingi te mwana apanza TB – kasi kobela na bango elakisaka te moto mokolo oyo azali kobela TB, azali mpene na mwana wana. Komeka mpona bandeko tina yango koyeba baye basi bazui TB to baye basi babandi kobela. Komeka basalaka na loposo to na Rayon-X. Na kati ya UK mbala mingi soki bameki loposo, elakisaka te moto asiazui maladie (loposo kovimbal mpe kozala lokola makila esika babetaki tonga), kasi wana ezali mpo bazuaki mobateli ya BCG. Soki loposo soolo ezali. Soki TB emonani, wana moto bamemi ye na dokotolo mpe bakopesa ye nkisi ya TB. == Na mokili mobimba == TB ebomaki bato 100 million na bambula 100 oyo eleki, yango Organisation Mondial de Sante eti yango lokola maladie oyo ya koboma bato mingi na mokili 'Global Health Emergency' na 1993 (WHO 1). Emonani lokola 33% ya bato nyonso na mokili bazali na yango. Na mbula moko, bato 9 million ya sika bazuaka yango (WHO 2). Tango nyonso moto moko azuaka yango na second moko. Mpona bato mingi ata soki bazui TB mobateli ya nzoto na bango ekoki kokanga yango babela te. Ata boye, TB ebomaka bato 2 million na mokili na mbula moko, moto moko na second 15 (WHO 3). Kati ya bango, 98% bazali bato ya Tiers Monde, mingi na Asie de Sud na Afrika ya bato mwindo (WHO 4). TB ezali ya liboso mpona koboma basi mpe koleka maladie misusu esalaka bana etike bazala mingi. == Nini bazali kosala mpona kokanga TB na mokili mobimba? == Ebongi bato nyonso na mokili babunda na TB. Kokanga yango esika moko ekosalisa soki bakangi yango bisika misusu. WHO eyi na nzela oyo babengaka 'Directly Observed Treatment – Shortcourse' (DOTS) (WHO 5): 1. leta ezala na mposa ya kosalisa 2. nzela ya komeka bato mpo eyabana soki bazali na TB 3. nzela oyo ebandimi ya kozua nkisi ya sanza 6 mpona babeli mpe moto ya kotala te bato bazali kozua nkisi na ndenge ebongi 4. Moto atika te komela nkisi kino abiki, mpe nkisi yango ezala oyo ebongi 5. Kotiya na buku nzela ekoki ya kozua nkisi mpo na sima eyebana ndenge bapesaki nkisi 7016 2005-11-24T11:40:08Z 160.85.2.50 Category [[Category:Maladi]] [[Category:Móngana]] [[Category:Nzoto kolongono]] '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezalí maladie óyo ebébisaka esíká ya kopomola na káti ya tolo, kasi ekokí mpé kobébisa bisíka misúsu na nzóto. Na bambula 150 óyo eleki na [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]], moto moko na kati ya bato 8 óyo bazalaki kokufa ezalaki mpo ya TB. Kasi na bambula ya 1980, maladie yango emonanaki mingi lisusu te, mpoya bato kozala na ndako ya malamu, koliya malamu mpe koyeba noki na kotiya pembeni baye bazali kobela mpo bazua lobiko noki. Kasi TB esili naino libela te. Ya soolo, TB ezali maladie enyokoloko mingi mokili mikolo oyo. Mbula oyo eleki batu mingi bakufaki na TB-8,000 na mokolo moko- koleka na bambula nyonso oyo esieleki. Na bambula 20 oyo eleki, TB ebandi komata malembemalembe na UK. Sikoyo bato 7,000 bazuaka yango na mbula moko – wana koloba moto moko na kati ya bato 10,000 na mboka mobimba. Buku oyo eyebisaka likolo ya maladie yango, ndenge ya koyeba yango, lobiko na yango, mpe elakisaka ndenge ezali na mboka na biso na kokokisa yango na ndenge ezalaka na mokili mobimba. Buku oyo mpe ezui batoli ya sika mpoya mopekisi ya BCG na UK, mpe babuku misusu na sango oyo nyonso ekosalisa koyeba makambo ya maladi yango na bawebsite. == Tuberculose ezali nini? == [[Image:TB AFB smear.jpg|thumb|right|tuberculose]] '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezali maladie ya mabe oyo ekoki kovimbisa nakati ya moto ya mwana, na Angle [[TB meningitis]]. Mpona bato bakolo, mbala mingi ebebisaka esika ya kopomola, kasi ekoki kobebisa mpe mikua, nakati ya moto to bisika misusu. Awa na mboka na biso, bato mingi baye bazuaka TB babikaka, kasi esengi sanza mingi mpo babika. TB ezali maladie ya makasi, kasi ebikaka, ewutaka na 'Mycobacterium Tuberculosis' tuberculosis to M. Tb na mokuse). Mbala mingi ekotaka na tolo esika ya kopumola Angle 'pulmonary TB') kasi ekoki mpe kokota bisika misusu na nzoto lokola nakati kingo, mikua to biloko na libumu. Ekoki mpe kopesa meningite. Maladie mosusu, M. bovis, ekokani na TB kasi yango ezuaka banyama, mbala mingi gombe ('bovine TB'). M. bovis mpe ekoki kozua moto lokola kala, tango bato bayebaki naino te ndenge ya kobatela mabele <pasteurisation> to koluka TB na gombe. == Tuberculose moto azuaka ndenge nini? == Nzela oyo monene ya kozua TB nde ewutaka na moto oyo azali na yango na nzoto naye, oyo azali kokolola. Soki akololi abimisaka maladie nakati ya soyi. Soki moto ozui soyi yango na tango ya kopomola, wana okoki kozua TB. Soyi yango ekoki kovanda na mopepe na tango molayi kasi wana mbala mingi epesaka maladie te. Nzela oyo monene ezali kaka soki ozalaka mpene mpe mpona tango molayi na moto oyo azali na yango. == Tuberculose ezalaka bisika mingi? == Nakati ya [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] na bambula ya 1950, batu koleka 50,000 bazalaki kozua TB na mbula moko. Mikolo oyo ezongi ti batu 7,000 baye bazuaka na mbula moko, kasi soki okokisi yango na bambula ya 1990, tango wana ezalaki bato 5,500. Yango okomona te ezali komata lisusu. Wana omoni te kozua TB ezali noki te, kasi ebongi ozala ekenge na ndenge ya koyeba yango mpo, na mokili mobimba TB ezali bisika mingi. Lokola batu mingi batambolaka na mokili, bango bakoki kozua yango mpe bakotisi yango na mboka na biso. == Tuberculose emonanaka ndenge nini? == Tuberculose ekoki kobebisa esika nyonso ya nzoto, ndenge wana, ndenge ekomonana na mwana ekeseni na oyo ya moto mokolo. Lokola tuberculose ewutaka na bato, malamu oyebaka moto oyo azali na yango. Malamu omona dokotolo soki mwana na yo to ndeko alakisaka biloko oyo tokomi na nse: * [[Kokolola]] mpona koleka mposo misatu * [[Fievre]] * Kotoko na mbutu * [[Kokondo]] * Kolemba nzoto noki * Kokolola [[makila]] == Mpona nini mwana na ngai bapesa ye BCG? == Na Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ, lokola na bamboka misusu, [[Mobateli ya BCG|BCG]] (Bacillus Calmette-Guèrin) bapesaka na bana baye bazali mpene ya bato oyo bakoki kozala na TB. Wana ezali mpo bana yango bavandaka bisika ya bato mingi ya TB, ezala baboti to bankoko bauti bisika bato mingi babelaka TB. Na mokuse mbala mingi bana oyo bavandaka na cite ya masikini. Mobateli yango bapesaka na tango mwana abotami kasi bakopesaka mpe na tango nyonso oyo ebongi. == Bamboka oyo ezalaka na babeli mingi ya Tuberculose == [[Image:Flu Vaccine.jpg|thumb|right|Mbala mingi mwana nayo bakobeta ye tonga ya BCG na loboko ya mwasi mpene na lipeka.]] Bamboka oyo tokoma na nse ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB. Soki eyano na yo ya mituni na biso ezali 'oui' 'íyo', sala noki opesa mwana nayo azua [[Mobateli ya BCG|BCG]] soki azui naino te. * Yo, bandeko nayo to tata ya mwana na yo awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Yo na mwana nayo bokokende kovanda koleka sanza moko to bokotambola mingi na mboka nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Nakati ya ndako nayo, to mpene nayo, azali moto oyo akozala mpene na mwana nayo na tango mingi, oyo azali na TB to azalaki na yango kala, to awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo to tangi? == Nzela nini ya koyeba Tuberculose? == Lokola TB ekotaka bisika mingi na nzoto, nzela ya komona yango mpe ezali ndenge na ndenge. TB oyo eyebani mingi nde ya kokolola 'pulmonary TB'. Moto oyo azali na yango akolakisa: * kozanga mposa ya koliya na kokondo * kokolola oyo emataka makasi sima ya mposo mine na koleka to basenza * kobimisa soyi mingi; akoki mpe kokolola makila soki nzela ya makila epasuki * komiyoka nzoto elembi tango nyonso * kozala na fievre, mbala mingi na mbutu, oyo epesi kotoko mingi == TB epanzaka ndenge nini? == Nzela ya kopanza TB yango kaka moko: baye bazali na yango nakati ya tolo to na mongongo. Mayi oyo ebimaka na monoko na kokolola nakati ya mopepe nde ezali na maladie. Kasi oyeba te tango mosusu baoyo bazali na yango bakoki te kopanza yango. == Kozua TB ezalaka noki, to makasi? == Penza, ezalaka makasi moto azua TB, mpe esengi tango molayi to kokutana mbala mingi na moto oyo azali na yango, lokola kovanda na ndako moko. Ata ndenge wana, basusu, ata soki bazui TB, bango bakobelaka te. Bato mingi (toloba 9 na kati ya 10) baye bazali na nzoto kolongono, soki bazui yango bakobela te. Baye 10% batikali bakobela, kasi mbala mingi noki te, kasi na sima ata ya bambula 10 na koleka (Comstock, 1982). Wana esalamaka mpo maladie yango ekoki kovanda na nzoto ya moto lokola elali bambula mpe moto azali kobela te. Maladie ekolamuka na sima ya bambula, mbala mingi soki nzoto ezangi komibatela (immunite), lokola moto mobange, bankisi misusu, kobela lokola [[Sida]] to kovanda na mizele. Mpona 10% baye bakobelaka TB, tango ya mabe ezalaka soki ekomi naino mbula mibale te banda bazui yango. Kati ya 1 na 5% ya baye bazui TB babelaka noki wuta bazui yango (Styblo et al., 1969; Sutherland et al., 1976; 1982). Wana babengaka yango kobela mbala moko, na Angle 'primary disease', mpe mbala mingi ezalaka na bana. 'Primary TB' mbala mingi ekoleka emonana te, mpe ekobika yango moko ata soki moto ameli nkisi te, kasi ekoki kozonga sima ya bambula. Ekotika elembo moke nakati ya tolo, na ndenge emonanaka na Rayon-X. == Kozua TB na kobela TB bikeseni? == Mpona bato mingi baoyo bakozua TB, [[mobateli|mibateli]] ya nzoto (immunite) ekobunda kino kosilisa to kokanga emata te. Ndenge wana maladie ekotikala kolala, kasi ezali naino na bomoyi, mpe ekobima lisusu na sima. Ya ndenge oyo babengaka 'latent TB infection'. Baye bazali na latent TB infection: * emonanaka te * bakoyoka kobela te * bakoki kopanza na basusu te * Mbala mingi soki bameki loposo, ekomonana te bazali na yango * Bakoki kobela TB na sima ya bambula Baye bazali kobela TB (‘active TB’) bakolakisaka biloko oyo tokomaki na 'Nzela nini ya koyeba TB'. == TB mabe na yango penza nini? == Soki babikisi te, TB, ata epayi ya bakolo, emataka malembe kino eyi koboma. Mabe mosusu ekopesa meningite. Nzela mosusu, soki babikisi te, nde kobimisa makila tango ya kokolola. TB ekokoma ndongo soki emeseni nkisi, mpo ndenge ya kobikisa ezalaka makasi. Nakati ya [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]], TB, ebomaka bato 350 na mbula moko, mingi nakati ya bango mibange, kasi bana mpe bazalaka. Bisika bato bavandaka na bandako oyo ekoki te, na mokili mobimba, bato mingi bakufaka na TB koleka oyo ya UK. == TB bakoki kopekisa na mobateli <vaccination>? == Mobateli ezali ya BCG. Tango mosusu epekisaka TB te. Kasi esalisaka mpona bana baoyo bazali kobela meningite 'TB meningitis' (Rodrigues et al., 1993). Nakati ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ, BCG tango ya kala bazalaki kopesa bana nyonso ya kelasi. Kasi lokola ndenge ya TB ebaluki, UK ekamati nzela ya kolanda bato moke baoyo bakozala na yango. Mobateli ya BCG ekeseni kolanda epayi okozala na UK, mpo TB ekozala mingi esika moko kasi ezali te esika mosusu. BCG bapesaka bana oyo bavandaka bisika ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB koleka bisika misusu, likolo ya oyo, bapesaka na bana babotami na mboka oyo ezali na bato mingi ya TB. Bapesaka mpe na bana kelasi ya mbula 10 kino 14 soki bazui BCG na kala te. == Soki olingi kokende na mboka mopaya ebongi ozua mobateli ya BCG? == Soki azuaki BCG kala te esengi moto azua yango soki alingi kotambola, kovanda to kosala mosala mpona sanza moko to koleka, na mboka oyo ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB (Immunisation against Infectious Disease, 1996). == Mobateli ya BCG ezali nini? == [[Mobateli]] ya [[Bacillus Calmette-Guèrin]] (BCG) ezali maladie ya TB oyo ezuaka gombe [[Mycobacterium bovis]]. Nakati ya BCG maladie ya TB ezalaka, kasi bakangi yango epesa kobela te. Kasi mpona baye bazangi mobateli ya nzoto, lokola bato ya [[Sida]], mpona bango BCG ekoki kopesa maladie tango mosusu. BCG batiyaka yango na tonga ya moke na loposo. == Mpona nini, moto liboso ya kopesa ye BCG, ebongi bameka loposo naye? == Moto nyonso oyo azali na sanza 12 to koleka wana, bakomekaka loposo naye liboso ya kopesa ye [[mobateli ya BCG]]. Wana ezali mpona koyeba soki mobateli ya nzoto (immunite) emeseni na TB. Nzela ya koyeba nde kobeta tonga ya [[tuberculin]] – mayi ya proteine basali wuta na 'M. tuberculosis' – na kati ya loposo. Sima ya mikolo 2 - 10, na ndenge ya tonga yango, bakotala esika babeti yango. Soki esika babeti tonga evimbi mpe, ekomi lokola makila, wana elakisi te maladie ezali. Ndenge wana ebongi lisusu te bapesa moto BCG, mpo akozala asiazui TB to maladie mosusu ya ndenge wana. Soki nzoto naye elakisi kozala na maladie ya makasi, wana esengi bameka ye na nzela misusu koyeba soki penza asiazui to abandi kobela TB. Bana oyo bakokisi naino sanza 12 te, bango bazali na posa te ya komeka loposo, liboso ya kozua BCG. == Tuberculose babikisaka yango ndenge nini? == Mbala mingi TB ekoki kobika, kasi moto ebongi asilisa nkisi ya sanza 6 to koleka. Baye babelaka TB mbala mingi bakotaka na opital te. Ata soki bakoti, wana ekozala mpona koyeba soki penza bazali na maladie yango to mpo babanda kozua nkisi. Ata boye, bato ya TB esengi bazala mpene na efimiele ya tolo, tango nyonso ya kozua nkisi mpo bazua yango na ndenge ekoki, mpe soki likambo ya mabe ezali, basala noki moto atika te kozua nkisi. Nzela oyo tomeseni, ezali ya kozua nkisi 'antibiotics' misatu to mine mbala moko mpona sanza mibale, nde sima na yango nkisi mibale mpona sanza mine misusu. Nkisi mine minene ya TB ezali [[isoniazid]], [[rifampicin]], [[pyrazinamide]] na [[ethambutol]]. Eyaka elongo mpona kosalisa soki maladie emeseni nkisi moko, misusu ebunda. Ata boye, maladie ebandi komesana nkisi ya ndenge nyonso. Mbala mingi nkisi esalaka lisusu te mpo moto azalaki kozua yango na ndenge ekoki te, to azuaki yango na ndenge ya mabe to moto asilisaki te kozua nkisi (Conaty et al., 2004). Mikolo oyo batiyaka nkisi mibale to koleka na kati ya na komprime moko. Moto akomela komprime mine to koleka, mokolo moko. Tango mosusu esengi moto azua nkisi mikolo mingi, lokola maladie ya [[TB meningitis]], to soki maladie ebandi komesana na nkisi moko to mibale, wana esengi kobalula nkisi. Soki moto abandi nkisi mpona poso mibale, wana akoki lisusu kopanza TB te, mpe akobanda komiyoka malamu sima ya poso mine. Kasi esengi sanza motoba ya kozua nkisi mpo moto abika. == Tosala nini soki moto azalaka mpene na moto ya TB? == Tango bakuti moto azali na TB, dokotolo akotala soki baye bavandaka naye bakoki kozua yango. Soki emonani te moto akoki kopanza yango, to mwana azali na yango, kasi eyebani te azui yango wapi, wana baye bazalaka mpene naye bakobenga bango mpo bameka eyebana soki bango mpe bazali na yango. Bato wana bakozala bandeko to baye bavandaka na ndako moko. Tango mosusu baninga, lokola baye basalaka elongo, mpe bakobenga bango, kasi mbala mingi tina ya kosala yango ekozala te. Ezalaka mbala mingi te mwana apanza TB – kasi kobela na bango elakisaka te moto mokolo oyo azali kobela TB, azali mpene na mwana wana. Komeka mpona bandeko tina yango koyeba baye basi bazui TB to baye basi babandi kobela. Komeka basalaka na loposo to na Rayon-X. Na kati ya UK mbala mingi soki bameki loposo, elakisaka te moto asiazui maladie (loposo kovimbal mpe kozala lokola makila esika babetaki tonga), kasi wana ezali mpo bazuaki mobateli ya BCG. Soki loposo soolo ezali. Soki TB emonani, wana moto bamemi ye na dokotolo mpe bakopesa ye nkisi ya TB. == Na mokili mobimba == TB ebomaki bato 100 million na bambula 100 oyo eleki, yango Organisation Mondial de Sante eti yango lokola maladie oyo ya koboma bato mingi na mokili 'Global Health Emergency' na 1993 (WHO 1). Emonani lokola 33% ya bato nyonso na mokili bazali na yango. Na mbula moko, bato 9 million ya sika bazuaka yango (WHO 2). Tango nyonso moto moko azuaka yango na second moko. Mpona bato mingi ata soki bazui TB mobateli ya nzoto na bango ekoki kokanga yango babela te. Ata boye, TB ebomaka bato 2 million na mokili na mbula moko, moto moko na second 15 (WHO 3). Kati ya bango, 98% bazali bato ya Tiers Monde, mingi na Asie de Sud na Afrika ya bato mwindo (WHO 4). TB ezali ya liboso mpona koboma basi mpe koleka maladie misusu esalaka bana etike bazala mingi. == Nini bazali kosala mpona kokanga TB na mokili mobimba? == Ebongi bato nyonso na mokili babunda na TB. Kokanga yango esika moko ekosalisa soki bakangi yango bisika misusu. WHO eyi na nzela oyo babengaka 'Directly Observed Treatment – Shortcourse' (DOTS) (WHO 5): 1. leta ezala na mposa ya kosalisa 2. nzela ya komeka bato mpo eyabana soki bazali na TB 3. nzela oyo ebandimi ya kozua nkisi ya sanza 6 mpona babeli mpe moto ya kotala te bato bazali kozua nkisi na ndenge ebongi 4. Moto atika te komela nkisi kino abiki, mpe nkisi yango ezala oyo ebongi 5. Kotiya na buku nzela ekoki ya kozua nkisi mpo na sima eyebana ndenge bapesaki nkisi 7820 2006-03-10T16:35:39Z Bombo 12 /* Mpona nini mwana na ngai bapesa ye BCG? */ é [[Category:Maladi]] [[Category:Móngana]] [[Category:Nzoto kolongono]] '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezalí maladie óyo ebébisaka esíká ya kopomola na káti ya tolo, kasi ekokí mpé kobébisa bisíka misúsu na nzóto. Na bambula 150 óyo eleki na [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]], moto moko na kati ya bato 8 óyo bazalaki kokufa ezalaki mpo ya TB. Kasi na bambula ya 1980, maladie yango emonanaki mingi lisusu te, mpoya bato kozala na ndako ya malamu, koliya malamu mpe koyeba noki na kotiya pembeni baye bazali kobela mpo bazua lobiko noki. Kasi TB esili naino libela te. Ya soolo, TB ezali maladie enyokoloko mingi mokili mikolo oyo. Mbula oyo eleki batu mingi bakufaki na TB-8,000 na mokolo moko- koleka na bambula nyonso oyo esieleki. Na bambula 20 oyo eleki, TB ebandi komata malembemalembe na UK. Sikoyo bato 7,000 bazuaka yango na mbula moko – wana koloba moto moko na kati ya bato 10,000 na mboka mobimba. Buku oyo eyebisaka likolo ya maladie yango, ndenge ya koyeba yango, lobiko na yango, mpe elakisaka ndenge ezali na mboka na biso na kokokisa yango na ndenge ezalaka na mokili mobimba. Buku oyo mpe ezui batoli ya sika mpoya mopekisi ya BCG na UK, mpe babuku misusu na sango oyo nyonso ekosalisa koyeba makambo ya maladi yango na bawebsite. == Tuberculose ezali nini? == [[Image:TB AFB smear.jpg|thumb|right|tuberculose]] '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezali maladie ya mabe oyo ekoki kovimbisa nakati ya moto ya mwana, na Angle [[TB meningitis]]. Mpona bato bakolo, mbala mingi ebebisaka esika ya kopomola, kasi ekoki kobebisa mpe mikua, nakati ya moto to bisika misusu. Awa na mboka na biso, bato mingi baye bazuaka TB babikaka, kasi esengi sanza mingi mpo babika. TB ezali maladie ya makasi, kasi ebikaka, ewutaka na 'Mycobacterium Tuberculosis' tuberculosis to M. Tb na mokuse). Mbala mingi ekotaka na tolo esika ya kopumola Angle 'pulmonary TB') kasi ekoki mpe kokota bisika misusu na nzoto lokola nakati kingo, mikua to biloko na libumu. Ekoki mpe kopesa meningite. Maladie mosusu, M. bovis, ekokani na TB kasi yango ezuaka banyama, mbala mingi gombe ('bovine TB'). M. bovis mpe ekoki kozua moto lokola kala, tango bato bayebaki naino te ndenge ya kobatela mabele <pasteurisation> to koluka TB na gombe. == Tuberculose moto azuaka ndenge nini? == Nzela oyo monene ya kozua TB nde ewutaka na moto oyo azali na yango na nzoto naye, oyo azali kokolola. Soki akololi abimisaka maladie nakati ya soyi. Soki moto ozui soyi yango na tango ya kopomola, wana okoki kozua TB. Soyi yango ekoki kovanda na mopepe na tango molayi kasi wana mbala mingi epesaka maladie te. Nzela oyo monene ezali kaka soki ozalaka mpene mpe mpona tango molayi na moto oyo azali na yango. == Tuberculose ezalaka bisika mingi? == Nakati ya [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] na bambula ya 1950, batu koleka 50,000 bazalaki kozua TB na mbula moko. Mikolo oyo ezongi ti batu 7,000 baye bazuaka na mbula moko, kasi soki okokisi yango na bambula ya 1990, tango wana ezalaki bato 5,500. Yango okomona te ezali komata lisusu. Wana omoni te kozua TB ezali noki te, kasi ebongi ozala ekenge na ndenge ya koyeba yango mpo, na mokili mobimba TB ezali bisika mingi. Lokola batu mingi batambolaka na mokili, bango bakoki kozua yango mpe bakotisi yango na mboka na biso. == Tuberculose emonanaka ndenge nini? == Tuberculose ekoki kobebisa esika nyonso ya nzoto, ndenge wana, ndenge ekomonana na mwana ekeseni na oyo ya moto mokolo. Lokola tuberculose ewutaka na bato, malamu oyebaka moto oyo azali na yango. Malamu omona dokotolo soki mwana na yo to ndeko alakisaka biloko oyo tokomi na nse: * [[Kokolola]] mpona koleka mposo misatu * [[Fievre]] * Kotoko na mbutu * [[Kokondo]] * Kolemba nzoto noki * Kokolola [[makila]] == Mpona nini mwana na ngai bapesa ye Bacillus Calmette-Guérin? == Na Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ, lokola na bamboka misusu, [[Mobateli ya BCG|BCG]] ([[Bacillus Calmette-Guérin]]) bapesaka na bana baye bazali mpene ya bato oyo bakoki kozala na TB. Wana ezali mpo bana yango bavandaka bisika ya bato mingi ya TB, ezala baboti to bankoko bauti bisika bato mingi babelaka TB. Na mokuse mbala mingi bana oyo bavandaka na cite ya masikini. Mobateli yango bapesaka na tango mwana abotami kasi bakopesaka mpe na tango nyonso oyo ebongi. == Bamboka oyo ezalaka na babeli mingi ya Tuberculose == [[Image:Flu Vaccine.jpg|thumb|right|Mbala mingi mwana nayo bakobeta ye tonga ya BCG na loboko ya mwasi mpene na lipeka.]] Bamboka oyo tokoma na nse ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB. Soki eyano na yo ya mituni na biso ezali 'oui' 'íyo', sala noki opesa mwana nayo azua [[Mobateli ya BCG|BCG]] soki azui naino te. * Yo, bandeko nayo to tata ya mwana na yo awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Yo na mwana nayo bokokende kovanda koleka sanza moko to bokotambola mingi na mboka nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Nakati ya ndako nayo, to mpene nayo, azali moto oyo akozala mpene na mwana nayo na tango mingi, oyo azali na TB to azalaki na yango kala, to awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo to tangi? == Nzela nini ya koyeba Tuberculose? == Lokola TB ekotaka bisika mingi na nzoto, nzela ya komona yango mpe ezali ndenge na ndenge. TB oyo eyebani mingi nde ya kokolola 'pulmonary TB'. Moto oyo azali na yango akolakisa: * kozanga mposa ya koliya na kokondo * kokolola oyo emataka makasi sima ya mposo mine na koleka to basenza * kobimisa soyi mingi; akoki mpe kokolola makila soki nzela ya makila epasuki * komiyoka nzoto elembi tango nyonso * kozala na fievre, mbala mingi na mbutu, oyo epesi kotoko mingi == TB epanzaka ndenge nini? == Nzela ya kopanza TB yango kaka moko: baye bazali na yango nakati ya tolo to na mongongo. Mayi oyo ebimaka na monoko na kokolola nakati ya mopepe nde ezali na maladie. Kasi oyeba te tango mosusu baoyo bazali na yango bakoki te kopanza yango. == Kozua TB ezalaka noki, to makasi? == Penza, ezalaka makasi moto azua TB, mpe esengi tango molayi to kokutana mbala mingi na moto oyo azali na yango, lokola kovanda na ndako moko. Ata ndenge wana, basusu, ata soki bazui TB, bango bakobelaka te. Bato mingi (toloba 9 na kati ya 10) baye bazali na nzoto kolongono, soki bazui yango bakobela te. Baye 10% batikali bakobela, kasi mbala mingi noki te, kasi na sima ata ya bambula 10 na koleka (Comstock, 1982). Wana esalamaka mpo maladie yango ekoki kovanda na nzoto ya moto lokola elali bambula mpe moto azali kobela te. Maladie ekolamuka na sima ya bambula, mbala mingi soki nzoto ezangi komibatela (immunite), lokola moto mobange, bankisi misusu, kobela lokola [[Sida]] to kovanda na mizele. Mpona 10% baye bakobelaka TB, tango ya mabe ezalaka soki ekomi naino mbula mibale te banda bazui yango. Kati ya 1 na 5% ya baye bazui TB babelaka noki wuta bazui yango (Styblo et al., 1969; Sutherland et al., 1976; 1982). Wana babengaka yango kobela mbala moko, na Angle 'primary disease', mpe mbala mingi ezalaka na bana. 'Primary TB' mbala mingi ekoleka emonana te, mpe ekobika yango moko ata soki moto ameli nkisi te, kasi ekoki kozonga sima ya bambula. Ekotika elembo moke nakati ya tolo, na ndenge emonanaka na Rayon-X. == Kozua TB na kobela TB bikeseni? == Mpona bato mingi baoyo bakozua TB, [[mobateli|mibateli]] ya nzoto (immunite) ekobunda kino kosilisa to kokanga emata te. Ndenge wana maladie ekotikala kolala, kasi ezali naino na bomoyi, mpe ekobima lisusu na sima. Ya ndenge oyo babengaka 'latent TB infection'. Baye bazali na latent TB infection: * emonanaka te * bakoyoka kobela te * bakoki kopanza na basusu te * Mbala mingi soki bameki loposo, ekomonana te bazali na yango * Bakoki kobela TB na sima ya bambula Baye bazali kobela TB (‘active TB’) bakolakisaka biloko oyo tokomaki na 'Nzela nini ya koyeba TB'. == TB mabe na yango penza nini? == Soki babikisi te, TB, ata epayi ya bakolo, emataka malembe kino eyi koboma. Mabe mosusu ekopesa meningite. Nzela mosusu, soki babikisi te, nde kobimisa makila tango ya kokolola. TB ekokoma ndongo soki emeseni nkisi, mpo ndenge ya kobikisa ezalaka makasi. Nakati ya [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]], TB, ebomaka bato 350 na mbula moko, mingi nakati ya bango mibange, kasi bana mpe bazalaka. Bisika bato bavandaka na bandako oyo ekoki te, na mokili mobimba, bato mingi bakufaka na TB koleka oyo ya UK. == TB bakoki kopekisa na mobateli <vaccination>? == Mobateli ezali ya BCG. Tango mosusu epekisaka TB te. Kasi esalisaka mpona bana baoyo bazali kobela meningite 'TB meningitis' (Rodrigues et al., 1993). Nakati ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ, BCG tango ya kala bazalaki kopesa bana nyonso ya kelasi. Kasi lokola ndenge ya TB ebaluki, UK ekamati nzela ya kolanda bato moke baoyo bakozala na yango. Mobateli ya BCG ekeseni kolanda epayi okozala na UK, mpo TB ekozala mingi esika moko kasi ezali te esika mosusu. BCG bapesaka bana oyo bavandaka bisika ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB koleka bisika misusu, likolo ya oyo, bapesaka na bana babotami na mboka oyo ezali na bato mingi ya TB. Bapesaka mpe na bana kelasi ya mbula 10 kino 14 soki bazui BCG na kala te. == Soki olingi kokende na mboka mopaya ebongi ozua mobateli ya BCG? == Soki azuaki BCG kala te esengi moto azua yango soki alingi kotambola, kovanda to kosala mosala mpona sanza moko to koleka, na mboka oyo ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB (Immunisation against Infectious Disease, 1996). == Mobateli ya BCG ezali nini? == [[Mobateli]] ya [[Bacillus Calmette-Guèrin]] (BCG) ezali maladie ya TB oyo ezuaka gombe [[Mycobacterium bovis]]. Nakati ya BCG maladie ya TB ezalaka, kasi bakangi yango epesa kobela te. Kasi mpona baye bazangi mobateli ya nzoto, lokola bato ya [[Sida]], mpona bango BCG ekoki kopesa maladie tango mosusu. BCG batiyaka yango na tonga ya moke na loposo. == Mpona nini, moto liboso ya kopesa ye BCG, ebongi bameka loposo naye? == Moto nyonso oyo azali na sanza 12 to koleka wana, bakomekaka loposo naye liboso ya kopesa ye [[mobateli ya BCG]]. Wana ezali mpona koyeba soki mobateli ya nzoto (immunite) emeseni na TB. Nzela ya koyeba nde kobeta tonga ya [[tuberculin]] – mayi ya proteine basali wuta na 'M. tuberculosis' – na kati ya loposo. Sima ya mikolo 2 - 10, na ndenge ya tonga yango, bakotala esika babeti yango. Soki esika babeti tonga evimbi mpe, ekomi lokola makila, wana elakisi te maladie ezali. Ndenge wana ebongi lisusu te bapesa moto BCG, mpo akozala asiazui TB to maladie mosusu ya ndenge wana. Soki nzoto naye elakisi kozala na maladie ya makasi, wana esengi bameka ye na nzela misusu koyeba soki penza asiazui to abandi kobela TB. Bana oyo bakokisi naino sanza 12 te, bango bazali na posa te ya komeka loposo, liboso ya kozua BCG. == Tuberculose babikisaka yango ndenge nini? == Mbala mingi TB ekoki kobika, kasi moto ebongi asilisa nkisi ya sanza 6 to koleka. Baye babelaka TB mbala mingi bakotaka na opital te. Ata soki bakoti, wana ekozala mpona koyeba soki penza bazali na maladie yango to mpo babanda kozua nkisi. Ata boye, bato ya TB esengi bazala mpene na efimiele ya tolo, tango nyonso ya kozua nkisi mpo bazua yango na ndenge ekoki, mpe soki likambo ya mabe ezali, basala noki moto atika te kozua nkisi. Nzela oyo tomeseni, ezali ya kozua nkisi 'antibiotics' misatu to mine mbala moko mpona sanza mibale, nde sima na yango nkisi mibale mpona sanza mine misusu. Nkisi mine minene ya TB ezali [[isoniazid]], [[rifampicin]], [[pyrazinamide]] na [[ethambutol]]. Eyaka elongo mpona kosalisa soki maladie emeseni nkisi moko, misusu ebunda. Ata boye, maladie ebandi komesana nkisi ya ndenge nyonso. Mbala mingi nkisi esalaka lisusu te mpo moto azalaki kozua yango na ndenge ekoki te, to azuaki yango na ndenge ya mabe to moto asilisaki te kozua nkisi (Conaty et al., 2004). Mikolo oyo batiyaka nkisi mibale to koleka na kati ya na komprime moko. Moto akomela komprime mine to koleka, mokolo moko. Tango mosusu esengi moto azua nkisi mikolo mingi, lokola maladie ya [[TB meningitis]], to soki maladie ebandi komesana na nkisi moko to mibale, wana esengi kobalula nkisi. Soki moto abandi nkisi mpona poso mibale, wana akoki lisusu kopanza TB te, mpe akobanda komiyoka malamu sima ya poso mine. Kasi esengi sanza motoba ya kozua nkisi mpo moto abika. == Tosala nini soki moto azalaka mpene na moto ya TB? == Tango bakuti moto azali na TB, dokotolo akotala soki baye bavandaka naye bakoki kozua yango. Soki emonani te moto akoki kopanza yango, to mwana azali na yango, kasi eyebani te azui yango wapi, wana baye bazalaka mpene naye bakobenga bango mpo bameka eyebana soki bango mpe bazali na yango. Bato wana bakozala bandeko to baye bavandaka na ndako moko. Tango mosusu baninga, lokola baye basalaka elongo, mpe bakobenga bango, kasi mbala mingi tina ya kosala yango ekozala te. Ezalaka mbala mingi te mwana apanza TB – kasi kobela na bango elakisaka te moto mokolo oyo azali kobela TB, azali mpene na mwana wana. Komeka mpona bandeko tina yango koyeba baye basi bazui TB to baye basi babandi kobela. Komeka basalaka na loposo to na Rayon-X. Na kati ya UK mbala mingi soki bameki loposo, elakisaka te moto asiazui maladie (loposo kovimbal mpe kozala lokola makila esika babetaki tonga), kasi wana ezali mpo bazuaki mobateli ya BCG. Soki loposo soolo ezali. Soki TB emonani, wana moto bamemi ye na dokotolo mpe bakopesa ye nkisi ya TB. == Na mokili mobimba == TB ebomaki bato 100 million na bambula 100 oyo eleki, yango Organisation Mondial de Sante eti yango lokola maladie oyo ya koboma bato mingi na mokili 'Global Health Emergency' na 1993 (WHO 1). Emonani lokola 33% ya bato nyonso na mokili bazali na yango. Na mbula moko, bato 9 million ya sika bazuaka yango (WHO 2). Tango nyonso moto moko azuaka yango na second moko. Mpona bato mingi ata soki bazui TB mobateli ya nzoto na bango ekoki kokanga yango babela te. Ata boye, TB ebomaka bato 2 million na mokili na mbula moko, moto moko na second 15 (WHO 3). Kati ya bango, 98% bazali bato ya Tiers Monde, mingi na Asie de Sud na Afrika ya bato mwindo (WHO 4). TB ezali ya liboso mpona koboma basi mpe koleka maladie misusu esalaka bana etike bazala mingi. == Nini bazali kosala mpona kokanga TB na mokili mobimba? == Ebongi bato nyonso na mokili babunda na TB. Kokanga yango esika moko ekosalisa soki bakangi yango bisika misusu. WHO eyi na nzela oyo babengaka 'Directly Observed Treatment – Shortcourse' (DOTS) (WHO 5): 1. leta ezala na mposa ya kosalisa 2. nzela ya komeka bato mpo eyabana soki bazali na TB 3. nzela oyo ebandimi ya kozua nkisi ya sanza 6 mpona babeli mpe moto ya kotala te bato bazali kozua nkisi na ndenge ebongi 4. Moto atika te komela nkisi kino abiki, mpe nkisi yango ezala oyo ebongi 5. Kotiya na buku nzela ekoki ya kozua nkisi mpo na sima eyebana ndenge bapesaki nkisi 7821 2006-03-10T16:36:25Z Bombo 12 /* TB bakoki kopekisa na mobateli <vaccination>? */ [[Category:Maladi]] [[Category:Móngana]] [[Category:Nzoto kolongono]] '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezalí maladie óyo ebébisaka esíká ya kopomola na káti ya tolo, kasi ekokí mpé kobébisa bisíka misúsu na nzóto. Na bambula 150 óyo eleki na [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]], moto moko na kati ya bato 8 óyo bazalaki kokufa ezalaki mpo ya TB. Kasi na bambula ya 1980, maladie yango emonanaki mingi lisusu te, mpoya bato kozala na ndako ya malamu, koliya malamu mpe koyeba noki na kotiya pembeni baye bazali kobela mpo bazua lobiko noki. Kasi TB esili naino libela te. Ya soolo, TB ezali maladie enyokoloko mingi mokili mikolo oyo. Mbula oyo eleki batu mingi bakufaki na TB-8,000 na mokolo moko- koleka na bambula nyonso oyo esieleki. Na bambula 20 oyo eleki, TB ebandi komata malembemalembe na UK. Sikoyo bato 7,000 bazuaka yango na mbula moko – wana koloba moto moko na kati ya bato 10,000 na mboka mobimba. Buku oyo eyebisaka likolo ya maladie yango, ndenge ya koyeba yango, lobiko na yango, mpe elakisaka ndenge ezali na mboka na biso na kokokisa yango na ndenge ezalaka na mokili mobimba. Buku oyo mpe ezui batoli ya sika mpoya mopekisi ya BCG na UK, mpe babuku misusu na sango oyo nyonso ekosalisa koyeba makambo ya maladi yango na bawebsite. == Tuberculose ezali nini? == [[Image:TB AFB smear.jpg|thumb|right|tuberculose]] '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezali maladie ya mabe oyo ekoki kovimbisa nakati ya moto ya mwana, na Angle [[TB meningitis]]. Mpona bato bakolo, mbala mingi ebebisaka esika ya kopomola, kasi ekoki kobebisa mpe mikua, nakati ya moto to bisika misusu. Awa na mboka na biso, bato mingi baye bazuaka TB babikaka, kasi esengi sanza mingi mpo babika. TB ezali maladie ya makasi, kasi ebikaka, ewutaka na 'Mycobacterium Tuberculosis' tuberculosis to M. Tb na mokuse). Mbala mingi ekotaka na tolo esika ya kopumola Angle 'pulmonary TB') kasi ekoki mpe kokota bisika misusu na nzoto lokola nakati kingo, mikua to biloko na libumu. Ekoki mpe kopesa meningite. Maladie mosusu, M. bovis, ekokani na TB kasi yango ezuaka banyama, mbala mingi gombe ('bovine TB'). M. bovis mpe ekoki kozua moto lokola kala, tango bato bayebaki naino te ndenge ya kobatela mabele <pasteurisation> to koluka TB na gombe. == Tuberculose moto azuaka ndenge nini? == Nzela oyo monene ya kozua TB nde ewutaka na moto oyo azali na yango na nzoto naye, oyo azali kokolola. Soki akololi abimisaka maladie nakati ya soyi. Soki moto ozui soyi yango na tango ya kopomola, wana okoki kozua TB. Soyi yango ekoki kovanda na mopepe na tango molayi kasi wana mbala mingi epesaka maladie te. Nzela oyo monene ezali kaka soki ozalaka mpene mpe mpona tango molayi na moto oyo azali na yango. == Tuberculose ezalaka bisika mingi? == Nakati ya [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] na bambula ya 1950, batu koleka 50,000 bazalaki kozua TB na mbula moko. Mikolo oyo ezongi ti batu 7,000 baye bazuaka na mbula moko, kasi soki okokisi yango na bambula ya 1990, tango wana ezalaki bato 5,500. Yango okomona te ezali komata lisusu. Wana omoni te kozua TB ezali noki te, kasi ebongi ozala ekenge na ndenge ya koyeba yango mpo, na mokili mobimba TB ezali bisika mingi. Lokola batu mingi batambolaka na mokili, bango bakoki kozua yango mpe bakotisi yango na mboka na biso. == Tuberculose emonanaka ndenge nini? == Tuberculose ekoki kobebisa esika nyonso ya nzoto, ndenge wana, ndenge ekomonana na mwana ekeseni na oyo ya moto mokolo. Lokola tuberculose ewutaka na bato, malamu oyebaka moto oyo azali na yango. Malamu omona dokotolo soki mwana na yo to ndeko alakisaka biloko oyo tokomi na nse: * [[Kokolola]] mpona koleka mposo misatu * [[Fievre]] * Kotoko na mbutu * [[Kokondo]] * Kolemba nzoto noki * Kokolola [[makila]] == Mpona nini mwana na ngai bapesa ye Bacillus Calmette-Guérin? == Na Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ, lokola na bamboka misusu, [[Mobateli ya BCG|BCG]] ([[Bacillus Calmette-Guérin]]) bapesaka na bana baye bazali mpene ya bato oyo bakoki kozala na TB. Wana ezali mpo bana yango bavandaka bisika ya bato mingi ya TB, ezala baboti to bankoko bauti bisika bato mingi babelaka TB. Na mokuse mbala mingi bana oyo bavandaka na cite ya masikini. Mobateli yango bapesaka na tango mwana abotami kasi bakopesaka mpe na tango nyonso oyo ebongi. == Bamboka oyo ezalaka na babeli mingi ya Tuberculose == [[Image:Flu Vaccine.jpg|thumb|right|Mbala mingi mwana nayo bakobeta ye tonga ya BCG na loboko ya mwasi mpene na lipeka.]] Bamboka oyo tokoma na nse ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB. Soki eyano na yo ya mituni na biso ezali 'oui' 'íyo', sala noki opesa mwana nayo azua [[Mobateli ya BCG|BCG]] soki azui naino te. * Yo, bandeko nayo to tata ya mwana na yo awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Yo na mwana nayo bokokende kovanda koleka sanza moko to bokotambola mingi na mboka nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Nakati ya ndako nayo, to mpene nayo, azali moto oyo akozala mpene na mwana nayo na tango mingi, oyo azali na TB to azalaki na yango kala, to awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo to tangi? == Nzela nini ya koyeba Tuberculose? == Lokola TB ekotaka bisika mingi na nzoto, nzela ya komona yango mpe ezali ndenge na ndenge. TB oyo eyebani mingi nde ya kokolola 'pulmonary TB'. Moto oyo azali na yango akolakisa: * kozanga mposa ya koliya na kokondo * kokolola oyo emataka makasi sima ya mposo mine na koleka to basenza * kobimisa soyi mingi; akoki mpe kokolola makila soki nzela ya makila epasuki * komiyoka nzoto elembi tango nyonso * kozala na fievre, mbala mingi na mbutu, oyo epesi kotoko mingi == TB epanzaka ndenge nini? == Nzela ya kopanza TB yango kaka moko: baye bazali na yango nakati ya tolo to na mongongo. Mayi oyo ebimaka na monoko na kokolola nakati ya mopepe nde ezali na maladie. Kasi oyeba te tango mosusu baoyo bazali na yango bakoki te kopanza yango. == Kozua TB ezalaka noki, to makasi? == Penza, ezalaka makasi moto azua TB, mpe esengi tango molayi to kokutana mbala mingi na moto oyo azali na yango, lokola kovanda na ndako moko. Ata ndenge wana, basusu, ata soki bazui TB, bango bakobelaka te. Bato mingi (toloba 9 na kati ya 10) baye bazali na nzoto kolongono, soki bazui yango bakobela te. Baye 10% batikali bakobela, kasi mbala mingi noki te, kasi na sima ata ya bambula 10 na koleka (Comstock, 1982). Wana esalamaka mpo maladie yango ekoki kovanda na nzoto ya moto lokola elali bambula mpe moto azali kobela te. Maladie ekolamuka na sima ya bambula, mbala mingi soki nzoto ezangi komibatela (immunite), lokola moto mobange, bankisi misusu, kobela lokola [[Sida]] to kovanda na mizele. Mpona 10% baye bakobelaka TB, tango ya mabe ezalaka soki ekomi naino mbula mibale te banda bazui yango. Kati ya 1 na 5% ya baye bazui TB babelaka noki wuta bazui yango (Styblo et al., 1969; Sutherland et al., 1976; 1982). Wana babengaka yango kobela mbala moko, na Angle 'primary disease', mpe mbala mingi ezalaka na bana. 'Primary TB' mbala mingi ekoleka emonana te, mpe ekobika yango moko ata soki moto ameli nkisi te, kasi ekoki kozonga sima ya bambula. Ekotika elembo moke nakati ya tolo, na ndenge emonanaka na Rayon-X. == Kozua TB na kobela TB bikeseni? == Mpona bato mingi baoyo bakozua TB, [[mobateli|mibateli]] ya nzoto (immunite) ekobunda kino kosilisa to kokanga emata te. Ndenge wana maladie ekotikala kolala, kasi ezali naino na bomoyi, mpe ekobima lisusu na sima. Ya ndenge oyo babengaka 'latent TB infection'. Baye bazali na latent TB infection: * emonanaka te * bakoyoka kobela te * bakoki kopanza na basusu te * Mbala mingi soki bameki loposo, ekomonana te bazali na yango * Bakoki kobela TB na sima ya bambula Baye bazali kobela TB (‘active TB’) bakolakisaka biloko oyo tokomaki na 'Nzela nini ya koyeba TB'. == TB mabe na yango penza nini? == Soki babikisi te, TB, ata epayi ya bakolo, emataka malembe kino eyi koboma. Mabe mosusu ekopesa meningite. Nzela mosusu, soki babikisi te, nde kobimisa makila tango ya kokolola. TB ekokoma ndongo soki emeseni nkisi, mpo ndenge ya kobikisa ezalaka makasi. Nakati ya [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]], TB, ebomaka bato 350 na mbula moko, mingi nakati ya bango mibange, kasi bana mpe bazalaka. Bisika bato bavandaka na bandako oyo ekoki te, na mokili mobimba, bato mingi bakufaka na TB koleka oyo ya UK. == TB bakoki kopekisa na mobateli ''vaccination''? == Mobateli ezali ya BCG. Tango mosusu epekisaka TB te. Kasi esalisaka mpona bana baoyo bazali kobela meningite 'TB meningitis' (Rodrigues et al., 1993). Nakati ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ, BCG tango ya kala bazalaki kopesa bana nyonso ya kelasi. Kasi lokola ndenge ya TB ebaluki, UK ekamati nzela ya kolanda bato moke baoyo bakozala na yango. Mobateli ya BCG ekeseni kolanda epayi okozala na UK, mpo TB ekozala mingi esika moko kasi ezali te esika mosusu. BCG bapesaka bana oyo bavandaka bisika ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB koleka bisika misusu, likolo ya oyo, bapesaka na bana babotami na mboka oyo ezali na bato mingi ya TB. Bapesaka mpe na bana kelasi ya mbula 10 kino 14 soki bazui BCG na kala te. == Soki olingi kokende na mboka mopaya ebongi ozua mobateli ya BCG? == Soki azuaki BCG kala te esengi moto azua yango soki alingi kotambola, kovanda to kosala mosala mpona sanza moko to koleka, na mboka oyo ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB (Immunisation against Infectious Disease, 1996). == Mobateli ya BCG ezali nini? == [[Mobateli]] ya [[Bacillus Calmette-Guèrin]] (BCG) ezali maladie ya TB oyo ezuaka gombe [[Mycobacterium bovis]]. Nakati ya BCG maladie ya TB ezalaka, kasi bakangi yango epesa kobela te. Kasi mpona baye bazangi mobateli ya nzoto, lokola bato ya [[Sida]], mpona bango BCG ekoki kopesa maladie tango mosusu. BCG batiyaka yango na tonga ya moke na loposo. == Mpona nini, moto liboso ya kopesa ye BCG, ebongi bameka loposo naye? == Moto nyonso oyo azali na sanza 12 to koleka wana, bakomekaka loposo naye liboso ya kopesa ye [[mobateli ya BCG]]. Wana ezali mpona koyeba soki mobateli ya nzoto (immunite) emeseni na TB. Nzela ya koyeba nde kobeta tonga ya [[tuberculin]] – mayi ya proteine basali wuta na 'M. tuberculosis' – na kati ya loposo. Sima ya mikolo 2 - 10, na ndenge ya tonga yango, bakotala esika babeti yango. Soki esika babeti tonga evimbi mpe, ekomi lokola makila, wana elakisi te maladie ezali. Ndenge wana ebongi lisusu te bapesa moto BCG, mpo akozala asiazui TB to maladie mosusu ya ndenge wana. Soki nzoto naye elakisi kozala na maladie ya makasi, wana esengi bameka ye na nzela misusu koyeba soki penza asiazui to abandi kobela TB. Bana oyo bakokisi naino sanza 12 te, bango bazali na posa te ya komeka loposo, liboso ya kozua BCG. == Tuberculose babikisaka yango ndenge nini? == Mbala mingi TB ekoki kobika, kasi moto ebongi asilisa nkisi ya sanza 6 to koleka. Baye babelaka TB mbala mingi bakotaka na opital te. Ata soki bakoti, wana ekozala mpona koyeba soki penza bazali na maladie yango to mpo babanda kozua nkisi. Ata boye, bato ya TB esengi bazala mpene na efimiele ya tolo, tango nyonso ya kozua nkisi mpo bazua yango na ndenge ekoki, mpe soki likambo ya mabe ezali, basala noki moto atika te kozua nkisi. Nzela oyo tomeseni, ezali ya kozua nkisi 'antibiotics' misatu to mine mbala moko mpona sanza mibale, nde sima na yango nkisi mibale mpona sanza mine misusu. Nkisi mine minene ya TB ezali [[isoniazid]], [[rifampicin]], [[pyrazinamide]] na [[ethambutol]]. Eyaka elongo mpona kosalisa soki maladie emeseni nkisi moko, misusu ebunda. Ata boye, maladie ebandi komesana nkisi ya ndenge nyonso. Mbala mingi nkisi esalaka lisusu te mpo moto azalaki kozua yango na ndenge ekoki te, to azuaki yango na ndenge ya mabe to moto asilisaki te kozua nkisi (Conaty et al., 2004). Mikolo oyo batiyaka nkisi mibale to koleka na kati ya na komprime moko. Moto akomela komprime mine to koleka, mokolo moko. Tango mosusu esengi moto azua nkisi mikolo mingi, lokola maladie ya [[TB meningitis]], to soki maladie ebandi komesana na nkisi moko to mibale, wana esengi kobalula nkisi. Soki moto abandi nkisi mpona poso mibale, wana akoki lisusu kopanza TB te, mpe akobanda komiyoka malamu sima ya poso mine. Kasi esengi sanza motoba ya kozua nkisi mpo moto abika. == Tosala nini soki moto azalaka mpene na moto ya TB? == Tango bakuti moto azali na TB, dokotolo akotala soki baye bavandaka naye bakoki kozua yango. Soki emonani te moto akoki kopanza yango, to mwana azali na yango, kasi eyebani te azui yango wapi, wana baye bazalaka mpene naye bakobenga bango mpo bameka eyebana soki bango mpe bazali na yango. Bato wana bakozala bandeko to baye bavandaka na ndako moko. Tango mosusu baninga, lokola baye basalaka elongo, mpe bakobenga bango, kasi mbala mingi tina ya kosala yango ekozala te. Ezalaka mbala mingi te mwana apanza TB – kasi kobela na bango elakisaka te moto mokolo oyo azali kobela TB, azali mpene na mwana wana. Komeka mpona bandeko tina yango koyeba baye basi bazui TB to baye basi babandi kobela. Komeka basalaka na loposo to na Rayon-X. Na kati ya UK mbala mingi soki bameki loposo, elakisaka te moto asiazui maladie (loposo kovimbal mpe kozala lokola makila esika babetaki tonga), kasi wana ezali mpo bazuaki mobateli ya BCG. Soki loposo soolo ezali. Soki TB emonani, wana moto bamemi ye na dokotolo mpe bakopesa ye nkisi ya TB. == Na mokili mobimba == TB ebomaki bato 100 million na bambula 100 oyo eleki, yango Organisation Mondial de Sante eti yango lokola maladie oyo ya koboma bato mingi na mokili 'Global Health Emergency' na 1993 (WHO 1). Emonani lokola 33% ya bato nyonso na mokili bazali na yango. Na mbula moko, bato 9 million ya sika bazuaka yango (WHO 2). Tango nyonso moto moko azuaka yango na second moko. Mpona bato mingi ata soki bazui TB mobateli ya nzoto na bango ekoki kokanga yango babela te. Ata boye, TB ebomaka bato 2 million na mokili na mbula moko, moto moko na second 15 (WHO 3). Kati ya bango, 98% bazali bato ya Tiers Monde, mingi na Asie de Sud na Afrika ya bato mwindo (WHO 4). TB ezali ya liboso mpona koboma basi mpe koleka maladie misusu esalaka bana etike bazala mingi. == Nini bazali kosala mpona kokanga TB na mokili mobimba? == Ebongi bato nyonso na mokili babunda na TB. Kokanga yango esika moko ekosalisa soki bakangi yango bisika misusu. WHO eyi na nzela oyo babengaka 'Directly Observed Treatment – Shortcourse' (DOTS) (WHO 5): 1. leta ezala na mposa ya kosalisa 2. nzela ya komeka bato mpo eyabana soki bazali na TB 3. nzela oyo ebandimi ya kozua nkisi ya sanza 6 mpona babeli mpe moto ya kotala te bato bazali kozua nkisi na ndenge ebongi 4. Moto atika te komela nkisi kino abiki, mpe nkisi yango ezala oyo ebongi 5. Kotiya na buku nzela ekoki ya kozua nkisi mpo na sima eyebana ndenge bapesaki nkisi 7822 2006-03-10T16:36:57Z Bombo 12 /* Mobateli ya BCG ezali nini? */ é [[Category:Maladi]] [[Category:Móngana]] [[Category:Nzoto kolongono]] '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezalí maladie óyo ebébisaka esíká ya kopomola na káti ya tolo, kasi ekokí mpé kobébisa bisíka misúsu na nzóto. Na bambula 150 óyo eleki na [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]], moto moko na kati ya bato 8 óyo bazalaki kokufa ezalaki mpo ya TB. Kasi na bambula ya 1980, maladie yango emonanaki mingi lisusu te, mpoya bato kozala na ndako ya malamu, koliya malamu mpe koyeba noki na kotiya pembeni baye bazali kobela mpo bazua lobiko noki. Kasi TB esili naino libela te. Ya soolo, TB ezali maladie enyokoloko mingi mokili mikolo oyo. Mbula oyo eleki batu mingi bakufaki na TB-8,000 na mokolo moko- koleka na bambula nyonso oyo esieleki. Na bambula 20 oyo eleki, TB ebandi komata malembemalembe na UK. Sikoyo bato 7,000 bazuaka yango na mbula moko – wana koloba moto moko na kati ya bato 10,000 na mboka mobimba. Buku oyo eyebisaka likolo ya maladie yango, ndenge ya koyeba yango, lobiko na yango, mpe elakisaka ndenge ezali na mboka na biso na kokokisa yango na ndenge ezalaka na mokili mobimba. Buku oyo mpe ezui batoli ya sika mpoya mopekisi ya BCG na UK, mpe babuku misusu na sango oyo nyonso ekosalisa koyeba makambo ya maladi yango na bawebsite. == Tuberculose ezali nini? == [[Image:TB AFB smear.jpg|thumb|right|tuberculose]] '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezali maladie ya mabe oyo ekoki kovimbisa nakati ya moto ya mwana, na Angle [[TB meningitis]]. Mpona bato bakolo, mbala mingi ebebisaka esika ya kopomola, kasi ekoki kobebisa mpe mikua, nakati ya moto to bisika misusu. Awa na mboka na biso, bato mingi baye bazuaka TB babikaka, kasi esengi sanza mingi mpo babika. TB ezali maladie ya makasi, kasi ebikaka, ewutaka na 'Mycobacterium Tuberculosis' tuberculosis to M. Tb na mokuse). Mbala mingi ekotaka na tolo esika ya kopumola Angle 'pulmonary TB') kasi ekoki mpe kokota bisika misusu na nzoto lokola nakati kingo, mikua to biloko na libumu. Ekoki mpe kopesa meningite. Maladie mosusu, M. bovis, ekokani na TB kasi yango ezuaka banyama, mbala mingi gombe ('bovine TB'). M. bovis mpe ekoki kozua moto lokola kala, tango bato bayebaki naino te ndenge ya kobatela mabele <pasteurisation> to koluka TB na gombe. == Tuberculose moto azuaka ndenge nini? == Nzela oyo monene ya kozua TB nde ewutaka na moto oyo azali na yango na nzoto naye, oyo azali kokolola. Soki akololi abimisaka maladie nakati ya soyi. Soki moto ozui soyi yango na tango ya kopomola, wana okoki kozua TB. Soyi yango ekoki kovanda na mopepe na tango molayi kasi wana mbala mingi epesaka maladie te. Nzela oyo monene ezali kaka soki ozalaka mpene mpe mpona tango molayi na moto oyo azali na yango. == Tuberculose ezalaka bisika mingi? == Nakati ya [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] na bambula ya 1950, batu koleka 50,000 bazalaki kozua TB na mbula moko. Mikolo oyo ezongi ti batu 7,000 baye bazuaka na mbula moko, kasi soki okokisi yango na bambula ya 1990, tango wana ezalaki bato 5,500. Yango okomona te ezali komata lisusu. Wana omoni te kozua TB ezali noki te, kasi ebongi ozala ekenge na ndenge ya koyeba yango mpo, na mokili mobimba TB ezali bisika mingi. Lokola batu mingi batambolaka na mokili, bango bakoki kozua yango mpe bakotisi yango na mboka na biso. == Tuberculose emonanaka ndenge nini? == Tuberculose ekoki kobebisa esika nyonso ya nzoto, ndenge wana, ndenge ekomonana na mwana ekeseni na oyo ya moto mokolo. Lokola tuberculose ewutaka na bato, malamu oyebaka moto oyo azali na yango. Malamu omona dokotolo soki mwana na yo to ndeko alakisaka biloko oyo tokomi na nse: * [[Kokolola]] mpona koleka mposo misatu * [[Fievre]] * Kotoko na mbutu * [[Kokondo]] * Kolemba nzoto noki * Kokolola [[makila]] == Mpona nini mwana na ngai bapesa ye Bacillus Calmette-Guérin? == Na Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ, lokola na bamboka misusu, [[Mobateli ya BCG|BCG]] ([[Bacillus Calmette-Guérin]]) bapesaka na bana baye bazali mpene ya bato oyo bakoki kozala na TB. Wana ezali mpo bana yango bavandaka bisika ya bato mingi ya TB, ezala baboti to bankoko bauti bisika bato mingi babelaka TB. Na mokuse mbala mingi bana oyo bavandaka na cite ya masikini. Mobateli yango bapesaka na tango mwana abotami kasi bakopesaka mpe na tango nyonso oyo ebongi. == Bamboka oyo ezalaka na babeli mingi ya Tuberculose == [[Image:Flu Vaccine.jpg|thumb|right|Mbala mingi mwana nayo bakobeta ye tonga ya BCG na loboko ya mwasi mpene na lipeka.]] Bamboka oyo tokoma na nse ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB. Soki eyano na yo ya mituni na biso ezali 'oui' 'íyo', sala noki opesa mwana nayo azua [[Mobateli ya BCG|BCG]] soki azui naino te. * Yo, bandeko nayo to tata ya mwana na yo awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Yo na mwana nayo bokokende kovanda koleka sanza moko to bokotambola mingi na mboka nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Nakati ya ndako nayo, to mpene nayo, azali moto oyo akozala mpene na mwana nayo na tango mingi, oyo azali na TB to azalaki na yango kala, to awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo to tangi? == Nzela nini ya koyeba Tuberculose? == Lokola TB ekotaka bisika mingi na nzoto, nzela ya komona yango mpe ezali ndenge na ndenge. TB oyo eyebani mingi nde ya kokolola 'pulmonary TB'. Moto oyo azali na yango akolakisa: * kozanga mposa ya koliya na kokondo * kokolola oyo emataka makasi sima ya mposo mine na koleka to basenza * kobimisa soyi mingi; akoki mpe kokolola makila soki nzela ya makila epasuki * komiyoka nzoto elembi tango nyonso * kozala na fievre, mbala mingi na mbutu, oyo epesi kotoko mingi == TB epanzaka ndenge nini? == Nzela ya kopanza TB yango kaka moko: baye bazali na yango nakati ya tolo to na mongongo. Mayi oyo ebimaka na monoko na kokolola nakati ya mopepe nde ezali na maladie. Kasi oyeba te tango mosusu baoyo bazali na yango bakoki te kopanza yango. == Kozua TB ezalaka noki, to makasi? == Penza, ezalaka makasi moto azua TB, mpe esengi tango molayi to kokutana mbala mingi na moto oyo azali na yango, lokola kovanda na ndako moko. Ata ndenge wana, basusu, ata soki bazui TB, bango bakobelaka te. Bato mingi (toloba 9 na kati ya 10) baye bazali na nzoto kolongono, soki bazui yango bakobela te. Baye 10% batikali bakobela, kasi mbala mingi noki te, kasi na sima ata ya bambula 10 na koleka (Comstock, 1982). Wana esalamaka mpo maladie yango ekoki kovanda na nzoto ya moto lokola elali bambula mpe moto azali kobela te. Maladie ekolamuka na sima ya bambula, mbala mingi soki nzoto ezangi komibatela (immunite), lokola moto mobange, bankisi misusu, kobela lokola [[Sida]] to kovanda na mizele. Mpona 10% baye bakobelaka TB, tango ya mabe ezalaka soki ekomi naino mbula mibale te banda bazui yango. Kati ya 1 na 5% ya baye bazui TB babelaka noki wuta bazui yango (Styblo et al., 1969; Sutherland et al., 1976; 1982). Wana babengaka yango kobela mbala moko, na Angle 'primary disease', mpe mbala mingi ezalaka na bana. 'Primary TB' mbala mingi ekoleka emonana te, mpe ekobika yango moko ata soki moto ameli nkisi te, kasi ekoki kozonga sima ya bambula. Ekotika elembo moke nakati ya tolo, na ndenge emonanaka na Rayon-X. == Kozua TB na kobela TB bikeseni? == Mpona bato mingi baoyo bakozua TB, [[mobateli|mibateli]] ya nzoto (immunite) ekobunda kino kosilisa to kokanga emata te. Ndenge wana maladie ekotikala kolala, kasi ezali naino na bomoyi, mpe ekobima lisusu na sima. Ya ndenge oyo babengaka 'latent TB infection'. Baye bazali na latent TB infection: * emonanaka te * bakoyoka kobela te * bakoki kopanza na basusu te * Mbala mingi soki bameki loposo, ekomonana te bazali na yango * Bakoki kobela TB na sima ya bambula Baye bazali kobela TB (‘active TB’) bakolakisaka biloko oyo tokomaki na 'Nzela nini ya koyeba TB'. == TB mabe na yango penza nini? == Soki babikisi te, TB, ata epayi ya bakolo, emataka malembe kino eyi koboma. Mabe mosusu ekopesa meningite. Nzela mosusu, soki babikisi te, nde kobimisa makila tango ya kokolola. TB ekokoma ndongo soki emeseni nkisi, mpo ndenge ya kobikisa ezalaka makasi. Nakati ya [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]], TB, ebomaka bato 350 na mbula moko, mingi nakati ya bango mibange, kasi bana mpe bazalaka. Bisika bato bavandaka na bandako oyo ekoki te, na mokili mobimba, bato mingi bakufaka na TB koleka oyo ya UK. == TB bakoki kopekisa na mobateli ''vaccination''? == Mobateli ezali ya BCG. Tango mosusu epekisaka TB te. Kasi esalisaka mpona bana baoyo bazali kobela meningite 'TB meningitis' (Rodrigues et al., 1993). Nakati ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ, BCG tango ya kala bazalaki kopesa bana nyonso ya kelasi. Kasi lokola ndenge ya TB ebaluki, UK ekamati nzela ya kolanda bato moke baoyo bakozala na yango. Mobateli ya BCG ekeseni kolanda epayi okozala na UK, mpo TB ekozala mingi esika moko kasi ezali te esika mosusu. BCG bapesaka bana oyo bavandaka bisika ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB koleka bisika misusu, likolo ya oyo, bapesaka na bana babotami na mboka oyo ezali na bato mingi ya TB. Bapesaka mpe na bana kelasi ya mbula 10 kino 14 soki bazui BCG na kala te. == Soki olingi kokende na mboka mopaya ebongi ozua mobateli ya BCG? == Soki azuaki BCG kala te esengi moto azua yango soki alingi kotambola, kovanda to kosala mosala mpona sanza moko to koleka, na mboka oyo ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB (Immunisation against Infectious Disease, 1996). == Mobateli ya BCG ezali nini? == [[Mobateli]] ya [[Bacillus Calmette-Guérin]] (BCG) ezali maladie ya TB oyo ezuaka gombe [[Mycobacterium bovis]]. Nakati ya BCG maladie ya TB ezalaka, kasi bakangi yango epesa kobela te. Kasi mpona baye bazangi mobateli ya nzoto, lokola bato ya [[Sida]], mpona bango BCG ekoki kopesa maladie tango mosusu. BCG batiyaka yango na tonga ya moke na loposo. == Mpona nini, moto liboso ya kopesa ye BCG, ebongi bameka loposo naye? == Moto nyonso oyo azali na sanza 12 to koleka wana, bakomekaka loposo naye liboso ya kopesa ye [[mobateli ya BCG]]. Wana ezali mpona koyeba soki mobateli ya nzoto (immunite) emeseni na TB. Nzela ya koyeba nde kobeta tonga ya [[tuberculin]] – mayi ya proteine basali wuta na 'M. tuberculosis' – na kati ya loposo. Sima ya mikolo 2 - 10, na ndenge ya tonga yango, bakotala esika babeti yango. Soki esika babeti tonga evimbi mpe, ekomi lokola makila, wana elakisi te maladie ezali. Ndenge wana ebongi lisusu te bapesa moto BCG, mpo akozala asiazui TB to maladie mosusu ya ndenge wana. Soki nzoto naye elakisi kozala na maladie ya makasi, wana esengi bameka ye na nzela misusu koyeba soki penza asiazui to abandi kobela TB. Bana oyo bakokisi naino sanza 12 te, bango bazali na posa te ya komeka loposo, liboso ya kozua BCG. == Tuberculose babikisaka yango ndenge nini? == Mbala mingi TB ekoki kobika, kasi moto ebongi asilisa nkisi ya sanza 6 to koleka. Baye babelaka TB mbala mingi bakotaka na opital te. Ata soki bakoti, wana ekozala mpona koyeba soki penza bazali na maladie yango to mpo babanda kozua nkisi. Ata boye, bato ya TB esengi bazala mpene na efimiele ya tolo, tango nyonso ya kozua nkisi mpo bazua yango na ndenge ekoki, mpe soki likambo ya mabe ezali, basala noki moto atika te kozua nkisi. Nzela oyo tomeseni, ezali ya kozua nkisi 'antibiotics' misatu to mine mbala moko mpona sanza mibale, nde sima na yango nkisi mibale mpona sanza mine misusu. Nkisi mine minene ya TB ezali [[isoniazid]], [[rifampicin]], [[pyrazinamide]] na [[ethambutol]]. Eyaka elongo mpona kosalisa soki maladie emeseni nkisi moko, misusu ebunda. Ata boye, maladie ebandi komesana nkisi ya ndenge nyonso. Mbala mingi nkisi esalaka lisusu te mpo moto azalaki kozua yango na ndenge ekoki te, to azuaki yango na ndenge ya mabe to moto asilisaki te kozua nkisi (Conaty et al., 2004). Mikolo oyo batiyaka nkisi mibale to koleka na kati ya na komprime moko. Moto akomela komprime mine to koleka, mokolo moko. Tango mosusu esengi moto azua nkisi mikolo mingi, lokola maladie ya [[TB meningitis]], to soki maladie ebandi komesana na nkisi moko to mibale, wana esengi kobalula nkisi. Soki moto abandi nkisi mpona poso mibale, wana akoki lisusu kopanza TB te, mpe akobanda komiyoka malamu sima ya poso mine. Kasi esengi sanza motoba ya kozua nkisi mpo moto abika. == Tosala nini soki moto azalaka mpene na moto ya TB? == Tango bakuti moto azali na TB, dokotolo akotala soki baye bavandaka naye bakoki kozua yango. Soki emonani te moto akoki kopanza yango, to mwana azali na yango, kasi eyebani te azui yango wapi, wana baye bazalaka mpene naye bakobenga bango mpo bameka eyebana soki bango mpe bazali na yango. Bato wana bakozala bandeko to baye bavandaka na ndako moko. Tango mosusu baninga, lokola baye basalaka elongo, mpe bakobenga bango, kasi mbala mingi tina ya kosala yango ekozala te. Ezalaka mbala mingi te mwana apanza TB – kasi kobela na bango elakisaka te moto mokolo oyo azali kobela TB, azali mpene na mwana wana. Komeka mpona bandeko tina yango koyeba baye basi bazui TB to baye basi babandi kobela. Komeka basalaka na loposo to na Rayon-X. Na kati ya UK mbala mingi soki bameki loposo, elakisaka te moto asiazui maladie (loposo kovimbal mpe kozala lokola makila esika babetaki tonga), kasi wana ezali mpo bazuaki mobateli ya BCG. Soki loposo soolo ezali. Soki TB emonani, wana moto bamemi ye na dokotolo mpe bakopesa ye nkisi ya TB. == Na mokili mobimba == TB ebomaki bato 100 million na bambula 100 oyo eleki, yango Organisation Mondial de Sante eti yango lokola maladie oyo ya koboma bato mingi na mokili 'Global Health Emergency' na 1993 (WHO 1). Emonani lokola 33% ya bato nyonso na mokili bazali na yango. Na mbula moko, bato 9 million ya sika bazuaka yango (WHO 2). Tango nyonso moto moko azuaka yango na second moko. Mpona bato mingi ata soki bazui TB mobateli ya nzoto na bango ekoki kokanga yango babela te. Ata boye, TB ebomaka bato 2 million na mokili na mbula moko, moto moko na second 15 (WHO 3). Kati ya bango, 98% bazali bato ya Tiers Monde, mingi na Asie de Sud na Afrika ya bato mwindo (WHO 4). TB ezali ya liboso mpona koboma basi mpe koleka maladie misusu esalaka bana etike bazala mingi. == Nini bazali kosala mpona kokanga TB na mokili mobimba? == Ebongi bato nyonso na mokili babunda na TB. Kokanga yango esika moko ekosalisa soki bakangi yango bisika misusu. WHO eyi na nzela oyo babengaka 'Directly Observed Treatment – Shortcourse' (DOTS) (WHO 5): 1. leta ezala na mposa ya kosalisa 2. nzela ya komeka bato mpo eyabana soki bazali na TB 3. nzela oyo ebandimi ya kozua nkisi ya sanza 6 mpona babeli mpe moto ya kotala te bato bazali kozua nkisi na ndenge ebongi 4. Moto atika te komela nkisi kino abiki, mpe nkisi yango ezala oyo ebongi 5. Kotiya na buku nzela ekoki ya kozua nkisi mpo na sima eyebana ndenge bapesaki nkisi 7827 2006-03-10T16:48:09Z Bombo 12 /* Tuberculose emonanaka ndenge nini? */ Fɛ́fɛlɛ [[Category:Maladi]] [[Category:Móngana]] [[Category:Nzoto kolongono]] '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezalí maladie óyo ebébisaka esíká ya kopomola na káti ya tolo, kasi ekokí mpé kobébisa bisíka misúsu na nzóto. Na bambula 150 óyo eleki na [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]], moto moko na kati ya bato 8 óyo bazalaki kokufa ezalaki mpo ya TB. Kasi na bambula ya 1980, maladie yango emonanaki mingi lisusu te, mpoya bato kozala na ndako ya malamu, koliya malamu mpe koyeba noki na kotiya pembeni baye bazali kobela mpo bazua lobiko noki. Kasi TB esili naino libela te. Ya soolo, TB ezali maladie enyokoloko mingi mokili mikolo oyo. Mbula oyo eleki batu mingi bakufaki na TB-8,000 na mokolo moko- koleka na bambula nyonso oyo esieleki. Na bambula 20 oyo eleki, TB ebandi komata malembemalembe na UK. Sikoyo bato 7,000 bazuaka yango na mbula moko – wana koloba moto moko na kati ya bato 10,000 na mboka mobimba. Buku oyo eyebisaka likolo ya maladie yango, ndenge ya koyeba yango, lobiko na yango, mpe elakisaka ndenge ezali na mboka na biso na kokokisa yango na ndenge ezalaka na mokili mobimba. Buku oyo mpe ezui batoli ya sika mpoya mopekisi ya BCG na UK, mpe babuku misusu na sango oyo nyonso ekosalisa koyeba makambo ya maladi yango na bawebsite. == Tuberculose ezali nini? == [[Image:TB AFB smear.jpg|thumb|right|tuberculose]] '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezali maladie ya mabe oyo ekoki kovimbisa nakati ya moto ya mwana, na Angle [[TB meningitis]]. Mpona bato bakolo, mbala mingi ebebisaka esika ya kopomola, kasi ekoki kobebisa mpe mikua, nakati ya moto to bisika misusu. Awa na mboka na biso, bato mingi baye bazuaka TB babikaka, kasi esengi sanza mingi mpo babika. TB ezali maladie ya makasi, kasi ebikaka, ewutaka na 'Mycobacterium Tuberculosis' tuberculosis to M. Tb na mokuse). Mbala mingi ekotaka na tolo esika ya kopumola Angle 'pulmonary TB') kasi ekoki mpe kokota bisika misusu na nzoto lokola nakati kingo, mikua to biloko na libumu. Ekoki mpe kopesa meningite. Maladie mosusu, M. bovis, ekokani na TB kasi yango ezuaka banyama, mbala mingi gombe ('bovine TB'). M. bovis mpe ekoki kozua moto lokola kala, tango bato bayebaki naino te ndenge ya kobatela mabele <pasteurisation> to koluka TB na gombe. == Tuberculose moto azuaka ndenge nini? == Nzela oyo monene ya kozua TB nde ewutaka na moto oyo azali na yango na nzoto naye, oyo azali kokolola. Soki akololi abimisaka maladie nakati ya soyi. Soki moto ozui soyi yango na tango ya kopomola, wana okoki kozua TB. Soyi yango ekoki kovanda na mopepe na tango molayi kasi wana mbala mingi epesaka maladie te. Nzela oyo monene ezali kaka soki ozalaka mpene mpe mpona tango molayi na moto oyo azali na yango. == Tuberculose ezalaka bisika mingi? == Nakati ya [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] na bambula ya 1950, batu koleka 50,000 bazalaki kozua TB na mbula moko. Mikolo oyo ezongi ti batu 7,000 baye bazuaka na mbula moko, kasi soki okokisi yango na bambula ya 1990, tango wana ezalaki bato 5,500. Yango okomona te ezali komata lisusu. Wana omoni te kozua TB ezali noki te, kasi ebongi ozala ekenge na ndenge ya koyeba yango mpo, na mokili mobimba TB ezali bisika mingi. Lokola batu mingi batambolaka na mokili, bango bakoki kozua yango mpe bakotisi yango na mboka na biso. == Tuberculose emonanaka ndenge nini? == Tuberculose ekoki kobebisa esika nyonso ya nzoto, ndenge wana, ndenge ekomonana na mwana ekeseni na oyo ya moto mokolo. Lokola tuberculose ewutaka na bato, malamu oyebaka moto oyo azali na yango. Malamu omona dokotolo soki mwana na yo to ndeko alakisaka biloko oyo tokomi na nse: * [[Kokolola]] mpona koleka mposo misatu * [[Fɛ́fɛlɛ]] * Kotoko na mbutu * [[Kokondo]] * Kolemba nzoto noki * Kokolola [[makila]] == Mpona nini mwana na ngai bapesa ye Bacillus Calmette-Guérin? == Na Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ, lokola na bamboka misusu, [[Mobateli ya BCG|BCG]] ([[Bacillus Calmette-Guérin]]) bapesaka na bana baye bazali mpene ya bato oyo bakoki kozala na TB. Wana ezali mpo bana yango bavandaka bisika ya bato mingi ya TB, ezala baboti to bankoko bauti bisika bato mingi babelaka TB. Na mokuse mbala mingi bana oyo bavandaka na cite ya masikini. Mobateli yango bapesaka na tango mwana abotami kasi bakopesaka mpe na tango nyonso oyo ebongi. == Bamboka oyo ezalaka na babeli mingi ya Tuberculose == [[Image:Flu Vaccine.jpg|thumb|right|Mbala mingi mwana nayo bakobeta ye tonga ya BCG na loboko ya mwasi mpene na lipeka.]] Bamboka oyo tokoma na nse ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB. Soki eyano na yo ya mituni na biso ezali 'oui' 'íyo', sala noki opesa mwana nayo azua [[Mobateli ya BCG|BCG]] soki azui naino te. * Yo, bandeko nayo to tata ya mwana na yo awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Yo na mwana nayo bokokende kovanda koleka sanza moko to bokotambola mingi na mboka nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Nakati ya ndako nayo, to mpene nayo, azali moto oyo akozala mpene na mwana nayo na tango mingi, oyo azali na TB to azalaki na yango kala, to awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo to tangi? == Nzela nini ya koyeba Tuberculose? == Lokola TB ekotaka bisika mingi na nzoto, nzela ya komona yango mpe ezali ndenge na ndenge. TB oyo eyebani mingi nde ya kokolola 'pulmonary TB'. Moto oyo azali na yango akolakisa: * kozanga mposa ya koliya na kokondo * kokolola oyo emataka makasi sima ya mposo mine na koleka to basenza * kobimisa soyi mingi; akoki mpe kokolola makila soki nzela ya makila epasuki * komiyoka nzoto elembi tango nyonso * kozala na fievre, mbala mingi na mbutu, oyo epesi kotoko mingi == TB epanzaka ndenge nini? == Nzela ya kopanza TB yango kaka moko: baye bazali na yango nakati ya tolo to na mongongo. Mayi oyo ebimaka na monoko na kokolola nakati ya mopepe nde ezali na maladie. Kasi oyeba te tango mosusu baoyo bazali na yango bakoki te kopanza yango. == Kozua TB ezalaka noki, to makasi? == Penza, ezalaka makasi moto azua TB, mpe esengi tango molayi to kokutana mbala mingi na moto oyo azali na yango, lokola kovanda na ndako moko. Ata ndenge wana, basusu, ata soki bazui TB, bango bakobelaka te. Bato mingi (toloba 9 na kati ya 10) baye bazali na nzoto kolongono, soki bazui yango bakobela te. Baye 10% batikali bakobela, kasi mbala mingi noki te, kasi na sima ata ya bambula 10 na koleka (Comstock, 1982). Wana esalamaka mpo maladie yango ekoki kovanda na nzoto ya moto lokola elali bambula mpe moto azali kobela te. Maladie ekolamuka na sima ya bambula, mbala mingi soki nzoto ezangi komibatela (immunite), lokola moto mobange, bankisi misusu, kobela lokola [[Sida]] to kovanda na mizele. Mpona 10% baye bakobelaka TB, tango ya mabe ezalaka soki ekomi naino mbula mibale te banda bazui yango. Kati ya 1 na 5% ya baye bazui TB babelaka noki wuta bazui yango (Styblo et al., 1969; Sutherland et al., 1976; 1982). Wana babengaka yango kobela mbala moko, na Angle 'primary disease', mpe mbala mingi ezalaka na bana. 'Primary TB' mbala mingi ekoleka emonana te, mpe ekobika yango moko ata soki moto ameli nkisi te, kasi ekoki kozonga sima ya bambula. Ekotika elembo moke nakati ya tolo, na ndenge emonanaka na Rayon-X. == Kozua TB na kobela TB bikeseni? == Mpona bato mingi baoyo bakozua TB, [[mobateli|mibateli]] ya nzoto (immunite) ekobunda kino kosilisa to kokanga emata te. Ndenge wana maladie ekotikala kolala, kasi ezali naino na bomoyi, mpe ekobima lisusu na sima. Ya ndenge oyo babengaka 'latent TB infection'. Baye bazali na latent TB infection: * emonanaka te * bakoyoka kobela te * bakoki kopanza na basusu te * Mbala mingi soki bameki loposo, ekomonana te bazali na yango * Bakoki kobela TB na sima ya bambula Baye bazali kobela TB (‘active TB’) bakolakisaka biloko oyo tokomaki na 'Nzela nini ya koyeba TB'. == TB mabe na yango penza nini? == Soki babikisi te, TB, ata epayi ya bakolo, emataka malembe kino eyi koboma. Mabe mosusu ekopesa meningite. Nzela mosusu, soki babikisi te, nde kobimisa makila tango ya kokolola. TB ekokoma ndongo soki emeseni nkisi, mpo ndenge ya kobikisa ezalaka makasi. Nakati ya [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]], TB, ebomaka bato 350 na mbula moko, mingi nakati ya bango mibange, kasi bana mpe bazalaka. Bisika bato bavandaka na bandako oyo ekoki te, na mokili mobimba, bato mingi bakufaka na TB koleka oyo ya UK. == TB bakoki kopekisa na mobateli ''vaccination''? == Mobateli ezali ya BCG. Tango mosusu epekisaka TB te. Kasi esalisaka mpona bana baoyo bazali kobela meningite 'TB meningitis' (Rodrigues et al., 1993). Nakati ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ, BCG tango ya kala bazalaki kopesa bana nyonso ya kelasi. Kasi lokola ndenge ya TB ebaluki, UK ekamati nzela ya kolanda bato moke baoyo bakozala na yango. Mobateli ya BCG ekeseni kolanda epayi okozala na UK, mpo TB ekozala mingi esika moko kasi ezali te esika mosusu. BCG bapesaka bana oyo bavandaka bisika ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB koleka bisika misusu, likolo ya oyo, bapesaka na bana babotami na mboka oyo ezali na bato mingi ya TB. Bapesaka mpe na bana kelasi ya mbula 10 kino 14 soki bazui BCG na kala te. == Soki olingi kokende na mboka mopaya ebongi ozua mobateli ya BCG? == Soki azuaki BCG kala te esengi moto azua yango soki alingi kotambola, kovanda to kosala mosala mpona sanza moko to koleka, na mboka oyo ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB (Immunisation against Infectious Disease, 1996). == Mobateli ya BCG ezali nini? == [[Mobateli]] ya [[Bacillus Calmette-Guérin]] (BCG) ezali maladie ya TB oyo ezuaka gombe [[Mycobacterium bovis]]. Nakati ya BCG maladie ya TB ezalaka, kasi bakangi yango epesa kobela te. Kasi mpona baye bazangi mobateli ya nzoto, lokola bato ya [[Sida]], mpona bango BCG ekoki kopesa maladie tango mosusu. BCG batiyaka yango na tonga ya moke na loposo. == Mpona nini, moto liboso ya kopesa ye BCG, ebongi bameka loposo naye? == Moto nyonso oyo azali na sanza 12 to koleka wana, bakomekaka loposo naye liboso ya kopesa ye [[mobateli ya BCG]]. Wana ezali mpona koyeba soki mobateli ya nzoto (immunite) emeseni na TB. Nzela ya koyeba nde kobeta tonga ya [[tuberculin]] – mayi ya proteine basali wuta na 'M. tuberculosis' – na kati ya loposo. Sima ya mikolo 2 - 10, na ndenge ya tonga yango, bakotala esika babeti yango. Soki esika babeti tonga evimbi mpe, ekomi lokola makila, wana elakisi te maladie ezali. Ndenge wana ebongi lisusu te bapesa moto BCG, mpo akozala asiazui TB to maladie mosusu ya ndenge wana. Soki nzoto naye elakisi kozala na maladie ya makasi, wana esengi bameka ye na nzela misusu koyeba soki penza asiazui to abandi kobela TB. Bana oyo bakokisi naino sanza 12 te, bango bazali na posa te ya komeka loposo, liboso ya kozua BCG. == Tuberculose babikisaka yango ndenge nini? == Mbala mingi TB ekoki kobika, kasi moto ebongi asilisa nkisi ya sanza 6 to koleka. Baye babelaka TB mbala mingi bakotaka na opital te. Ata soki bakoti, wana ekozala mpona koyeba soki penza bazali na maladie yango to mpo babanda kozua nkisi. Ata boye, bato ya TB esengi bazala mpene na efimiele ya tolo, tango nyonso ya kozua nkisi mpo bazua yango na ndenge ekoki, mpe soki likambo ya mabe ezali, basala noki moto atika te kozua nkisi. Nzela oyo tomeseni, ezali ya kozua nkisi 'antibiotics' misatu to mine mbala moko mpona sanza mibale, nde sima na yango nkisi mibale mpona sanza mine misusu. Nkisi mine minene ya TB ezali [[isoniazid]], [[rifampicin]], [[pyrazinamide]] na [[ethambutol]]. Eyaka elongo mpona kosalisa soki maladie emeseni nkisi moko, misusu ebunda. Ata boye, maladie ebandi komesana nkisi ya ndenge nyonso. Mbala mingi nkisi esalaka lisusu te mpo moto azalaki kozua yango na ndenge ekoki te, to azuaki yango na ndenge ya mabe to moto asilisaki te kozua nkisi (Conaty et al., 2004). Mikolo oyo batiyaka nkisi mibale to koleka na kati ya na komprime moko. Moto akomela komprime mine to koleka, mokolo moko. Tango mosusu esengi moto azua nkisi mikolo mingi, lokola maladie ya [[TB meningitis]], to soki maladie ebandi komesana na nkisi moko to mibale, wana esengi kobalula nkisi. Soki moto abandi nkisi mpona poso mibale, wana akoki lisusu kopanza TB te, mpe akobanda komiyoka malamu sima ya poso mine. Kasi esengi sanza motoba ya kozua nkisi mpo moto abika. == Tosala nini soki moto azalaka mpene na moto ya TB? == Tango bakuti moto azali na TB, dokotolo akotala soki baye bavandaka naye bakoki kozua yango. Soki emonani te moto akoki kopanza yango, to mwana azali na yango, kasi eyebani te azui yango wapi, wana baye bazalaka mpene naye bakobenga bango mpo bameka eyebana soki bango mpe bazali na yango. Bato wana bakozala bandeko to baye bavandaka na ndako moko. Tango mosusu baninga, lokola baye basalaka elongo, mpe bakobenga bango, kasi mbala mingi tina ya kosala yango ekozala te. Ezalaka mbala mingi te mwana apanza TB – kasi kobela na bango elakisaka te moto mokolo oyo azali kobela TB, azali mpene na mwana wana. Komeka mpona bandeko tina yango koyeba baye basi bazui TB to baye basi babandi kobela. Komeka basalaka na loposo to na Rayon-X. Na kati ya UK mbala mingi soki bameki loposo, elakisaka te moto asiazui maladie (loposo kovimbal mpe kozala lokola makila esika babetaki tonga), kasi wana ezali mpo bazuaki mobateli ya BCG. Soki loposo soolo ezali. Soki TB emonani, wana moto bamemi ye na dokotolo mpe bakopesa ye nkisi ya TB. == Na mokili mobimba == TB ebomaki bato 100 million na bambula 100 oyo eleki, yango Organisation Mondial de Sante eti yango lokola maladie oyo ya koboma bato mingi na mokili 'Global Health Emergency' na 1993 (WHO 1). Emonani lokola 33% ya bato nyonso na mokili bazali na yango. Na mbula moko, bato 9 million ya sika bazuaka yango (WHO 2). Tango nyonso moto moko azuaka yango na second moko. Mpona bato mingi ata soki bazui TB mobateli ya nzoto na bango ekoki kokanga yango babela te. Ata boye, TB ebomaka bato 2 million na mokili na mbula moko, moto moko na second 15 (WHO 3). Kati ya bango, 98% bazali bato ya Tiers Monde, mingi na Asie de Sud na Afrika ya bato mwindo (WHO 4). TB ezali ya liboso mpona koboma basi mpe koleka maladie misusu esalaka bana etike bazala mingi. == Nini bazali kosala mpona kokanga TB na mokili mobimba? == Ebongi bato nyonso na mokili babunda na TB. Kokanga yango esika moko ekosalisa soki bakangi yango bisika misusu. WHO eyi na nzela oyo babengaka 'Directly Observed Treatment – Shortcourse' (DOTS) (WHO 5): 1. leta ezala na mposa ya kosalisa 2. nzela ya komeka bato mpo eyabana soki bazali na TB 3. nzela oyo ebandimi ya kozua nkisi ya sanza 6 mpona babeli mpe moto ya kotala te bato bazali kozua nkisi na ndenge ebongi 4. Moto atika te komela nkisi kino abiki, mpe nkisi yango ezala oyo ebongi 5. Kotiya na buku nzela ekoki ya kozua nkisi mpo na sima eyebana ndenge bapesaki nkisi 7828 2006-03-10T16:48:48Z Bombo 12 /* Nzela nini ya koyeba Tuberculose? */ Fɛ́fɛlɛ [[Category:Maladi]] [[Category:Móngana]] [[Category:Nzoto kolongono]] '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezalí maladie óyo ebébisaka esíká ya kopomola na káti ya tolo, kasi ekokí mpé kobébisa bisíka misúsu na nzóto. Na bambula 150 óyo eleki na [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]], moto moko na kati ya bato 8 óyo bazalaki kokufa ezalaki mpo ya TB. Kasi na bambula ya 1980, maladie yango emonanaki mingi lisusu te, mpoya bato kozala na ndako ya malamu, koliya malamu mpe koyeba noki na kotiya pembeni baye bazali kobela mpo bazua lobiko noki. Kasi TB esili naino libela te. Ya soolo, TB ezali maladie enyokoloko mingi mokili mikolo oyo. Mbula oyo eleki batu mingi bakufaki na TB-8,000 na mokolo moko- koleka na bambula nyonso oyo esieleki. Na bambula 20 oyo eleki, TB ebandi komata malembemalembe na UK. Sikoyo bato 7,000 bazuaka yango na mbula moko – wana koloba moto moko na kati ya bato 10,000 na mboka mobimba. Buku oyo eyebisaka likolo ya maladie yango, ndenge ya koyeba yango, lobiko na yango, mpe elakisaka ndenge ezali na mboka na biso na kokokisa yango na ndenge ezalaka na mokili mobimba. Buku oyo mpe ezui batoli ya sika mpoya mopekisi ya BCG na UK, mpe babuku misusu na sango oyo nyonso ekosalisa koyeba makambo ya maladi yango na bawebsite. == Tuberculose ezali nini? == [[Image:TB AFB smear.jpg|thumb|right|tuberculose]] '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezali maladie ya mabe oyo ekoki kovimbisa nakati ya moto ya mwana, na Angle [[TB meningitis]]. Mpona bato bakolo, mbala mingi ebebisaka esika ya kopomola, kasi ekoki kobebisa mpe mikua, nakati ya moto to bisika misusu. Awa na mboka na biso, bato mingi baye bazuaka TB babikaka, kasi esengi sanza mingi mpo babika. TB ezali maladie ya makasi, kasi ebikaka, ewutaka na 'Mycobacterium Tuberculosis' tuberculosis to M. Tb na mokuse). Mbala mingi ekotaka na tolo esika ya kopumola Angle 'pulmonary TB') kasi ekoki mpe kokota bisika misusu na nzoto lokola nakati kingo, mikua to biloko na libumu. Ekoki mpe kopesa meningite. Maladie mosusu, M. bovis, ekokani na TB kasi yango ezuaka banyama, mbala mingi gombe ('bovine TB'). M. bovis mpe ekoki kozua moto lokola kala, tango bato bayebaki naino te ndenge ya kobatela mabele <pasteurisation> to koluka TB na gombe. == Tuberculose moto azuaka ndenge nini? == Nzela oyo monene ya kozua TB nde ewutaka na moto oyo azali na yango na nzoto naye, oyo azali kokolola. Soki akololi abimisaka maladie nakati ya soyi. Soki moto ozui soyi yango na tango ya kopomola, wana okoki kozua TB. Soyi yango ekoki kovanda na mopepe na tango molayi kasi wana mbala mingi epesaka maladie te. Nzela oyo monene ezali kaka soki ozalaka mpene mpe mpona tango molayi na moto oyo azali na yango. == Tuberculose ezalaka bisika mingi? == Nakati ya [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] na bambula ya 1950, batu koleka 50,000 bazalaki kozua TB na mbula moko. Mikolo oyo ezongi ti batu 7,000 baye bazuaka na mbula moko, kasi soki okokisi yango na bambula ya 1990, tango wana ezalaki bato 5,500. Yango okomona te ezali komata lisusu. Wana omoni te kozua TB ezali noki te, kasi ebongi ozala ekenge na ndenge ya koyeba yango mpo, na mokili mobimba TB ezali bisika mingi. Lokola batu mingi batambolaka na mokili, bango bakoki kozua yango mpe bakotisi yango na mboka na biso. == Tuberculose emonanaka ndenge nini? == Tuberculose ekoki kobebisa esika nyonso ya nzoto, ndenge wana, ndenge ekomonana na mwana ekeseni na oyo ya moto mokolo. Lokola tuberculose ewutaka na bato, malamu oyebaka moto oyo azali na yango. Malamu omona dokotolo soki mwana na yo to ndeko alakisaka biloko oyo tokomi na nse: * [[Kokolola]] mpona koleka mposo misatu * [[Fɛ́fɛlɛ]] * Kotoko na mbutu * [[Kokondo]] * Kolemba nzoto noki * Kokolola [[makila]] == Mpona nini mwana na ngai bapesa ye Bacillus Calmette-Guérin? == Na Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ, lokola na bamboka misusu, [[Mobateli ya BCG|BCG]] ([[Bacillus Calmette-Guérin]]) bapesaka na bana baye bazali mpene ya bato oyo bakoki kozala na TB. Wana ezali mpo bana yango bavandaka bisika ya bato mingi ya TB, ezala baboti to bankoko bauti bisika bato mingi babelaka TB. Na mokuse mbala mingi bana oyo bavandaka na cite ya masikini. Mobateli yango bapesaka na tango mwana abotami kasi bakopesaka mpe na tango nyonso oyo ebongi. == Bamboka oyo ezalaka na babeli mingi ya Tuberculose == [[Image:Flu Vaccine.jpg|thumb|right|Mbala mingi mwana nayo bakobeta ye tonga ya BCG na loboko ya mwasi mpene na lipeka.]] Bamboka oyo tokoma na nse ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB. Soki eyano na yo ya mituni na biso ezali 'oui' 'íyo', sala noki opesa mwana nayo azua [[Mobateli ya BCG|BCG]] soki azui naino te. * Yo, bandeko nayo to tata ya mwana na yo awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Yo na mwana nayo bokokende kovanda koleka sanza moko to bokotambola mingi na mboka nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Nakati ya ndako nayo, to mpene nayo, azali moto oyo akozala mpene na mwana nayo na tango mingi, oyo azali na TB to azalaki na yango kala, to awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo to tangi? == Nzela nini ya koyeba Tuberculose? == Lokola TB ekotaka bisika mingi na nzoto, nzela ya komona yango mpe ezali ndenge na ndenge. TB oyo eyebani mingi nde ya kokolola 'pulmonary TB'. Moto oyo azali na yango akolakisa: * kozanga mposa ya koliya na kokondo * kokolola oyo emataka makasi sima ya mposo mine na koleka to basenza * kobimisa soyi mingi; akoki mpe kokolola makila soki nzela ya makila epasuki * komiyoka nzoto elembi tango nyonso * kozala na fɛ́fɛlɛ, mbala mingi na mbutu, oyo epesi kotoko mingi == TB epanzaka ndenge nini? == Nzela ya kopanza TB yango kaka moko: baye bazali na yango nakati ya tolo to na mongongo. Mayi oyo ebimaka na monoko na kokolola nakati ya mopepe nde ezali na maladie. Kasi oyeba te tango mosusu baoyo bazali na yango bakoki te kopanza yango. == Kozua TB ezalaka noki, to makasi? == Penza, ezalaka makasi moto azua TB, mpe esengi tango molayi to kokutana mbala mingi na moto oyo azali na yango, lokola kovanda na ndako moko. Ata ndenge wana, basusu, ata soki bazui TB, bango bakobelaka te. Bato mingi (toloba 9 na kati ya 10) baye bazali na nzoto kolongono, soki bazui yango bakobela te. Baye 10% batikali bakobela, kasi mbala mingi noki te, kasi na sima ata ya bambula 10 na koleka (Comstock, 1982). Wana esalamaka mpo maladie yango ekoki kovanda na nzoto ya moto lokola elali bambula mpe moto azali kobela te. Maladie ekolamuka na sima ya bambula, mbala mingi soki nzoto ezangi komibatela (immunite), lokola moto mobange, bankisi misusu, kobela lokola [[Sida]] to kovanda na mizele. Mpona 10% baye bakobelaka TB, tango ya mabe ezalaka soki ekomi naino mbula mibale te banda bazui yango. Kati ya 1 na 5% ya baye bazui TB babelaka noki wuta bazui yango (Styblo et al., 1969; Sutherland et al., 1976; 1982). Wana babengaka yango kobela mbala moko, na Angle 'primary disease', mpe mbala mingi ezalaka na bana. 'Primary TB' mbala mingi ekoleka emonana te, mpe ekobika yango moko ata soki moto ameli nkisi te, kasi ekoki kozonga sima ya bambula. Ekotika elembo moke nakati ya tolo, na ndenge emonanaka na Rayon-X. == Kozua TB na kobela TB bikeseni? == Mpona bato mingi baoyo bakozua TB, [[mobateli|mibateli]] ya nzoto (immunite) ekobunda kino kosilisa to kokanga emata te. Ndenge wana maladie ekotikala kolala, kasi ezali naino na bomoyi, mpe ekobima lisusu na sima. Ya ndenge oyo babengaka 'latent TB infection'. Baye bazali na latent TB infection: * emonanaka te * bakoyoka kobela te * bakoki kopanza na basusu te * Mbala mingi soki bameki loposo, ekomonana te bazali na yango * Bakoki kobela TB na sima ya bambula Baye bazali kobela TB (‘active TB’) bakolakisaka biloko oyo tokomaki na 'Nzela nini ya koyeba TB'. == TB mabe na yango penza nini? == Soki babikisi te, TB, ata epayi ya bakolo, emataka malembe kino eyi koboma. Mabe mosusu ekopesa meningite. Nzela mosusu, soki babikisi te, nde kobimisa makila tango ya kokolola. TB ekokoma ndongo soki emeseni nkisi, mpo ndenge ya kobikisa ezalaka makasi. Nakati ya [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]], TB, ebomaka bato 350 na mbula moko, mingi nakati ya bango mibange, kasi bana mpe bazalaka. Bisika bato bavandaka na bandako oyo ekoki te, na mokili mobimba, bato mingi bakufaka na TB koleka oyo ya UK. == TB bakoki kopekisa na mobateli ''vaccination''? == Mobateli ezali ya BCG. Tango mosusu epekisaka TB te. Kasi esalisaka mpona bana baoyo bazali kobela meningite 'TB meningitis' (Rodrigues et al., 1993). Nakati ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ, BCG tango ya kala bazalaki kopesa bana nyonso ya kelasi. Kasi lokola ndenge ya TB ebaluki, UK ekamati nzela ya kolanda bato moke baoyo bakozala na yango. Mobateli ya BCG ekeseni kolanda epayi okozala na UK, mpo TB ekozala mingi esika moko kasi ezali te esika mosusu. BCG bapesaka bana oyo bavandaka bisika ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB koleka bisika misusu, likolo ya oyo, bapesaka na bana babotami na mboka oyo ezali na bato mingi ya TB. Bapesaka mpe na bana kelasi ya mbula 10 kino 14 soki bazui BCG na kala te. == Soki olingi kokende na mboka mopaya ebongi ozua mobateli ya BCG? == Soki azuaki BCG kala te esengi moto azua yango soki alingi kotambola, kovanda to kosala mosala mpona sanza moko to koleka, na mboka oyo ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB (Immunisation against Infectious Disease, 1996). == Mobateli ya BCG ezali nini? == [[Mobateli]] ya [[Bacillus Calmette-Guérin]] (BCG) ezali maladie ya TB oyo ezuaka gombe [[Mycobacterium bovis]]. Nakati ya BCG maladie ya TB ezalaka, kasi bakangi yango epesa kobela te. Kasi mpona baye bazangi mobateli ya nzoto, lokola bato ya [[Sida]], mpona bango BCG ekoki kopesa maladie tango mosusu. BCG batiyaka yango na tonga ya moke na loposo. == Mpona nini, moto liboso ya kopesa ye BCG, ebongi bameka loposo naye? == Moto nyonso oyo azali na sanza 12 to koleka wana, bakomekaka loposo naye liboso ya kopesa ye [[mobateli ya BCG]]. Wana ezali mpona koyeba soki mobateli ya nzoto (immunite) emeseni na TB. Nzela ya koyeba nde kobeta tonga ya [[tuberculin]] – mayi ya proteine basali wuta na 'M. tuberculosis' – na kati ya loposo. Sima ya mikolo 2 - 10, na ndenge ya tonga yango, bakotala esika babeti yango. Soki esika babeti tonga evimbi mpe, ekomi lokola makila, wana elakisi te maladie ezali. Ndenge wana ebongi lisusu te bapesa moto BCG, mpo akozala asiazui TB to maladie mosusu ya ndenge wana. Soki nzoto naye elakisi kozala na maladie ya makasi, wana esengi bameka ye na nzela misusu koyeba soki penza asiazui to abandi kobela TB. Bana oyo bakokisi naino sanza 12 te, bango bazali na posa te ya komeka loposo, liboso ya kozua BCG. == Tuberculose babikisaka yango ndenge nini? == Mbala mingi TB ekoki kobika, kasi moto ebongi asilisa nkisi ya sanza 6 to koleka. Baye babelaka TB mbala mingi bakotaka na opital te. Ata soki bakoti, wana ekozala mpona koyeba soki penza bazali na maladie yango to mpo babanda kozua nkisi. Ata boye, bato ya TB esengi bazala mpene na efimiele ya tolo, tango nyonso ya kozua nkisi mpo bazua yango na ndenge ekoki, mpe soki likambo ya mabe ezali, basala noki moto atika te kozua nkisi. Nzela oyo tomeseni, ezali ya kozua nkisi 'antibiotics' misatu to mine mbala moko mpona sanza mibale, nde sima na yango nkisi mibale mpona sanza mine misusu. Nkisi mine minene ya TB ezali [[isoniazid]], [[rifampicin]], [[pyrazinamide]] na [[ethambutol]]. Eyaka elongo mpona kosalisa soki maladie emeseni nkisi moko, misusu ebunda. Ata boye, maladie ebandi komesana nkisi ya ndenge nyonso. Mbala mingi nkisi esalaka lisusu te mpo moto azalaki kozua yango na ndenge ekoki te, to azuaki yango na ndenge ya mabe to moto asilisaki te kozua nkisi (Conaty et al., 2004). Mikolo oyo batiyaka nkisi mibale to koleka na kati ya na komprime moko. Moto akomela komprime mine to koleka, mokolo moko. Tango mosusu esengi moto azua nkisi mikolo mingi, lokola maladie ya [[TB meningitis]], to soki maladie ebandi komesana na nkisi moko to mibale, wana esengi kobalula nkisi. Soki moto abandi nkisi mpona poso mibale, wana akoki lisusu kopanza TB te, mpe akobanda komiyoka malamu sima ya poso mine. Kasi esengi sanza motoba ya kozua nkisi mpo moto abika. == Tosala nini soki moto azalaka mpene na moto ya TB? == Tango bakuti moto azali na TB, dokotolo akotala soki baye bavandaka naye bakoki kozua yango. Soki emonani te moto akoki kopanza yango, to mwana azali na yango, kasi eyebani te azui yango wapi, wana baye bazalaka mpene naye bakobenga bango mpo bameka eyebana soki bango mpe bazali na yango. Bato wana bakozala bandeko to baye bavandaka na ndako moko. Tango mosusu baninga, lokola baye basalaka elongo, mpe bakobenga bango, kasi mbala mingi tina ya kosala yango ekozala te. Ezalaka mbala mingi te mwana apanza TB – kasi kobela na bango elakisaka te moto mokolo oyo azali kobela TB, azali mpene na mwana wana. Komeka mpona bandeko tina yango koyeba baye basi bazui TB to baye basi babandi kobela. Komeka basalaka na loposo to na Rayon-X. Na kati ya UK mbala mingi soki bameki loposo, elakisaka te moto asiazui maladie (loposo kovimbal mpe kozala lokola makila esika babetaki tonga), kasi wana ezali mpo bazuaki mobateli ya BCG. Soki loposo soolo ezali. Soki TB emonani, wana moto bamemi ye na dokotolo mpe bakopesa ye nkisi ya TB. == Na mokili mobimba == TB ebomaki bato 100 million na bambula 100 oyo eleki, yango Organisation Mondial de Sante eti yango lokola maladie oyo ya koboma bato mingi na mokili 'Global Health Emergency' na 1993 (WHO 1). Emonani lokola 33% ya bato nyonso na mokili bazali na yango. Na mbula moko, bato 9 million ya sika bazuaka yango (WHO 2). Tango nyonso moto moko azuaka yango na second moko. Mpona bato mingi ata soki bazui TB mobateli ya nzoto na bango ekoki kokanga yango babela te. Ata boye, TB ebomaka bato 2 million na mokili na mbula moko, moto moko na second 15 (WHO 3). Kati ya bango, 98% bazali bato ya Tiers Monde, mingi na Asie de Sud na Afrika ya bato mwindo (WHO 4). TB ezali ya liboso mpona koboma basi mpe koleka maladie misusu esalaka bana etike bazala mingi. == Nini bazali kosala mpona kokanga TB na mokili mobimba? == Ebongi bato nyonso na mokili babunda na TB. Kokanga yango esika moko ekosalisa soki bakangi yango bisika misusu. WHO eyi na nzela oyo babengaka 'Directly Observed Treatment – Shortcourse' (DOTS) (WHO 5): 1. leta ezala na mposa ya kosalisa 2. nzela ya komeka bato mpo eyabana soki bazali na TB 3. nzela oyo ebandimi ya kozua nkisi ya sanza 6 mpona babeli mpe moto ya kotala te bato bazali kozua nkisi na ndenge ebongi 4. Moto atika te komela nkisi kino abiki, mpe nkisi yango ezala oyo ebongi 5. Kotiya na buku nzela ekoki ya kozua nkisi mpo na sima eyebana ndenge bapesaki nkisi 7834 2006-03-10T17:12:09Z Bombo 12 /* Mpona nini, moto liboso ya kopesa ye BCG, ebongi bameka loposo naye? */ [[Category:Maladi]] [[Category:Móngana]] [[Category:Nzoto kolongono]] '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezalí maladie óyo ebébisaka esíká ya kopomola na káti ya tolo, kasi ekokí mpé kobébisa bisíka misúsu na nzóto. Na bambula 150 óyo eleki na [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]], moto moko na kati ya bato 8 óyo bazalaki kokufa ezalaki mpo ya TB. Kasi na bambula ya 1980, maladie yango emonanaki mingi lisusu te, mpoya bato kozala na ndako ya malamu, koliya malamu mpe koyeba noki na kotiya pembeni baye bazali kobela mpo bazua lobiko noki. Kasi TB esili naino libela te. Ya soolo, TB ezali maladie enyokoloko mingi mokili mikolo oyo. Mbula oyo eleki batu mingi bakufaki na TB-8,000 na mokolo moko- koleka na bambula nyonso oyo esieleki. Na bambula 20 oyo eleki, TB ebandi komata malembemalembe na UK. Sikoyo bato 7,000 bazuaka yango na mbula moko – wana koloba moto moko na kati ya bato 10,000 na mboka mobimba. Buku oyo eyebisaka likolo ya maladie yango, ndenge ya koyeba yango, lobiko na yango, mpe elakisaka ndenge ezali na mboka na biso na kokokisa yango na ndenge ezalaka na mokili mobimba. Buku oyo mpe ezui batoli ya sika mpoya mopekisi ya BCG na UK, mpe babuku misusu na sango oyo nyonso ekosalisa koyeba makambo ya maladi yango na bawebsite. == Tuberculose ezali nini? == [[Image:TB AFB smear.jpg|thumb|right|tuberculose]] '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezali maladie ya mabe oyo ekoki kovimbisa nakati ya moto ya mwana, na Angle [[TB meningitis]]. Mpona bato bakolo, mbala mingi ebebisaka esika ya kopomola, kasi ekoki kobebisa mpe mikua, nakati ya moto to bisika misusu. Awa na mboka na biso, bato mingi baye bazuaka TB babikaka, kasi esengi sanza mingi mpo babika. TB ezali maladie ya makasi, kasi ebikaka, ewutaka na 'Mycobacterium Tuberculosis' tuberculosis to M. Tb na mokuse). Mbala mingi ekotaka na tolo esika ya kopumola Angle 'pulmonary TB') kasi ekoki mpe kokota bisika misusu na nzoto lokola nakati kingo, mikua to biloko na libumu. Ekoki mpe kopesa meningite. Maladie mosusu, M. bovis, ekokani na TB kasi yango ezuaka banyama, mbala mingi gombe ('bovine TB'). M. bovis mpe ekoki kozua moto lokola kala, tango bato bayebaki naino te ndenge ya kobatela mabele <pasteurisation> to koluka TB na gombe. == Tuberculose moto azuaka ndenge nini? == Nzela oyo monene ya kozua TB nde ewutaka na moto oyo azali na yango na nzoto naye, oyo azali kokolola. Soki akololi abimisaka maladie nakati ya soyi. Soki moto ozui soyi yango na tango ya kopomola, wana okoki kozua TB. Soyi yango ekoki kovanda na mopepe na tango molayi kasi wana mbala mingi epesaka maladie te. Nzela oyo monene ezali kaka soki ozalaka mpene mpe mpona tango molayi na moto oyo azali na yango. == Tuberculose ezalaka bisika mingi? == Nakati ya [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] na bambula ya 1950, batu koleka 50,000 bazalaki kozua TB na mbula moko. Mikolo oyo ezongi ti batu 7,000 baye bazuaka na mbula moko, kasi soki okokisi yango na bambula ya 1990, tango wana ezalaki bato 5,500. Yango okomona te ezali komata lisusu. Wana omoni te kozua TB ezali noki te, kasi ebongi ozala ekenge na ndenge ya koyeba yango mpo, na mokili mobimba TB ezali bisika mingi. Lokola batu mingi batambolaka na mokili, bango bakoki kozua yango mpe bakotisi yango na mboka na biso. == Tuberculose emonanaka ndenge nini? == Tuberculose ekoki kobebisa esika nyonso ya nzoto, ndenge wana, ndenge ekomonana na mwana ekeseni na oyo ya moto mokolo. Lokola tuberculose ewutaka na bato, malamu oyebaka moto oyo azali na yango. Malamu omona dokotolo soki mwana na yo to ndeko alakisaka biloko oyo tokomi na nse: * [[Kokolola]] mpona koleka mposo misatu * [[Fɛ́fɛlɛ]] * Kotoko na mbutu * [[Kokondo]] * Kolemba nzoto noki * Kokolola [[makila]] == Mpona nini mwana na ngai bapesa ye Bacillus Calmette-Guérin? == Na Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ, lokola na bamboka misusu, [[Mobateli ya BCG|BCG]] ([[Bacillus Calmette-Guérin]]) bapesaka na bana baye bazali mpene ya bato oyo bakoki kozala na TB. Wana ezali mpo bana yango bavandaka bisika ya bato mingi ya TB, ezala baboti to bankoko bauti bisika bato mingi babelaka TB. Na mokuse mbala mingi bana oyo bavandaka na cite ya masikini. Mobateli yango bapesaka na tango mwana abotami kasi bakopesaka mpe na tango nyonso oyo ebongi. == Bamboka oyo ezalaka na babeli mingi ya Tuberculose == [[Image:Flu Vaccine.jpg|thumb|right|Mbala mingi mwana nayo bakobeta ye tonga ya BCG na loboko ya mwasi mpene na lipeka.]] Bamboka oyo tokoma na nse ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB. Soki eyano na yo ya mituni na biso ezali 'oui' 'íyo', sala noki opesa mwana nayo azua [[Mobateli ya BCG|BCG]] soki azui naino te. * Yo, bandeko nayo to tata ya mwana na yo awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Yo na mwana nayo bokokende kovanda koleka sanza moko to bokotambola mingi na mboka nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Nakati ya ndako nayo, to mpene nayo, azali moto oyo akozala mpene na mwana nayo na tango mingi, oyo azali na TB to azalaki na yango kala, to awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo to tangi? == Nzela nini ya koyeba Tuberculose? == Lokola TB ekotaka bisika mingi na nzoto, nzela ya komona yango mpe ezali ndenge na ndenge. TB oyo eyebani mingi nde ya kokolola 'pulmonary TB'. Moto oyo azali na yango akolakisa: * kozanga mposa ya koliya na kokondo * kokolola oyo emataka makasi sima ya mposo mine na koleka to basenza * kobimisa soyi mingi; akoki mpe kokolola makila soki nzela ya makila epasuki * komiyoka nzoto elembi tango nyonso * kozala na fɛ́fɛlɛ, mbala mingi na mbutu, oyo epesi kotoko mingi == TB epanzaka ndenge nini? == Nzela ya kopanza TB yango kaka moko: baye bazali na yango nakati ya tolo to na mongongo. Mayi oyo ebimaka na monoko na kokolola nakati ya mopepe nde ezali na maladie. Kasi oyeba te tango mosusu baoyo bazali na yango bakoki te kopanza yango. == Kozua TB ezalaka noki, to makasi? == Penza, ezalaka makasi moto azua TB, mpe esengi tango molayi to kokutana mbala mingi na moto oyo azali na yango, lokola kovanda na ndako moko. Ata ndenge wana, basusu, ata soki bazui TB, bango bakobelaka te. Bato mingi (toloba 9 na kati ya 10) baye bazali na nzoto kolongono, soki bazui yango bakobela te. Baye 10% batikali bakobela, kasi mbala mingi noki te, kasi na sima ata ya bambula 10 na koleka (Comstock, 1982). Wana esalamaka mpo maladie yango ekoki kovanda na nzoto ya moto lokola elali bambula mpe moto azali kobela te. Maladie ekolamuka na sima ya bambula, mbala mingi soki nzoto ezangi komibatela (immunite), lokola moto mobange, bankisi misusu, kobela lokola [[Sida]] to kovanda na mizele. Mpona 10% baye bakobelaka TB, tango ya mabe ezalaka soki ekomi naino mbula mibale te banda bazui yango. Kati ya 1 na 5% ya baye bazui TB babelaka noki wuta bazui yango (Styblo et al., 1969; Sutherland et al., 1976; 1982). Wana babengaka yango kobela mbala moko, na Angle 'primary disease', mpe mbala mingi ezalaka na bana. 'Primary TB' mbala mingi ekoleka emonana te, mpe ekobika yango moko ata soki moto ameli nkisi te, kasi ekoki kozonga sima ya bambula. Ekotika elembo moke nakati ya tolo, na ndenge emonanaka na Rayon-X. == Kozua TB na kobela TB bikeseni? == Mpona bato mingi baoyo bakozua TB, [[mobateli|mibateli]] ya nzoto (immunite) ekobunda kino kosilisa to kokanga emata te. Ndenge wana maladie ekotikala kolala, kasi ezali naino na bomoyi, mpe ekobima lisusu na sima. Ya ndenge oyo babengaka 'latent TB infection'. Baye bazali na latent TB infection: * emonanaka te * bakoyoka kobela te * bakoki kopanza na basusu te * Mbala mingi soki bameki loposo, ekomonana te bazali na yango * Bakoki kobela TB na sima ya bambula Baye bazali kobela TB (‘active TB’) bakolakisaka biloko oyo tokomaki na 'Nzela nini ya koyeba TB'. == TB mabe na yango penza nini? == Soki babikisi te, TB, ata epayi ya bakolo, emataka malembe kino eyi koboma. Mabe mosusu ekopesa meningite. Nzela mosusu, soki babikisi te, nde kobimisa makila tango ya kokolola. TB ekokoma ndongo soki emeseni nkisi, mpo ndenge ya kobikisa ezalaka makasi. Nakati ya [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]], TB, ebomaka bato 350 na mbula moko, mingi nakati ya bango mibange, kasi bana mpe bazalaka. Bisika bato bavandaka na bandako oyo ekoki te, na mokili mobimba, bato mingi bakufaka na TB koleka oyo ya UK. == TB bakoki kopekisa na mobateli ''vaccination''? == Mobateli ezali ya BCG. Tango mosusu epekisaka TB te. Kasi esalisaka mpona bana baoyo bazali kobela meningite 'TB meningitis' (Rodrigues et al., 1993). Nakati ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ, BCG tango ya kala bazalaki kopesa bana nyonso ya kelasi. Kasi lokola ndenge ya TB ebaluki, UK ekamati nzela ya kolanda bato moke baoyo bakozala na yango. Mobateli ya BCG ekeseni kolanda epayi okozala na UK, mpo TB ekozala mingi esika moko kasi ezali te esika mosusu. BCG bapesaka bana oyo bavandaka bisika ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB koleka bisika misusu, likolo ya oyo, bapesaka na bana babotami na mboka oyo ezali na bato mingi ya TB. Bapesaka mpe na bana kelasi ya mbula 10 kino 14 soki bazui BCG na kala te. == Soki olingi kokende na mboka mopaya ebongi ozua mobateli ya BCG? == Soki azuaki BCG kala te esengi moto azua yango soki alingi kotambola, kovanda to kosala mosala mpona sanza moko to koleka, na mboka oyo ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB (Immunisation against Infectious Disease, 1996). == Mobateli ya BCG ezali nini? == [[Mobateli]] ya [[Bacillus Calmette-Guérin]] (BCG) ezali maladie ya TB oyo ezuaka gombe [[Mycobacterium bovis]]. Nakati ya BCG maladie ya TB ezalaka, kasi bakangi yango epesa kobela te. Kasi mpona baye bazangi mobateli ya nzoto, lokola bato ya [[Sida]], mpona bango BCG ekoki kopesa maladie tango mosusu. BCG batiyaka yango na tonga ya moke na loposo. == Mpona nini, moto liboso ya kopesa ye BCG, ebongi bameka loposo naye? == Moto nyonso oyo azali na sanza 12 to koleka wana, bakomekaka loposo naye liboso ya kopesa ye [[Bacillus Calmette-Guérin|mobateli ya BCG]]. Wana ezali mpona koyeba soki mobateli ya nzoto (immunite) emeseni na TB. Nzela ya koyeba nde kobeta tonga ya [[tuberculin]] – mayi ya proteine basali wuta na 'M. tuberculosis' – na kati ya loposo. Sima ya mikolo 2 - 10, na ndenge ya tonga yango, bakotala esika babeti yango. Soki esika babeti tonga evimbi mpe, ekomi lokola makila, wana elakisi te maladie ezali. Ndenge wana ebongi lisusu te bapesa moto BCG, mpo akozala asiazui TB to maladie mosusu ya ndenge wana. Soki nzoto naye elakisi kozala na maladie ya makasi, wana esengi bameka ye na nzela misusu koyeba soki penza asiazui to abandi kobela TB. Bana oyo bakokisi naino sanza 12 te, bango bazali na posa te ya komeka loposo, liboso ya kozua BCG. == Tuberculose babikisaka yango ndenge nini? == Mbala mingi TB ekoki kobika, kasi moto ebongi asilisa nkisi ya sanza 6 to koleka. Baye babelaka TB mbala mingi bakotaka na opital te. Ata soki bakoti, wana ekozala mpona koyeba soki penza bazali na maladie yango to mpo babanda kozua nkisi. Ata boye, bato ya TB esengi bazala mpene na efimiele ya tolo, tango nyonso ya kozua nkisi mpo bazua yango na ndenge ekoki, mpe soki likambo ya mabe ezali, basala noki moto atika te kozua nkisi. Nzela oyo tomeseni, ezali ya kozua nkisi 'antibiotics' misatu to mine mbala moko mpona sanza mibale, nde sima na yango nkisi mibale mpona sanza mine misusu. Nkisi mine minene ya TB ezali [[isoniazid]], [[rifampicin]], [[pyrazinamide]] na [[ethambutol]]. Eyaka elongo mpona kosalisa soki maladie emeseni nkisi moko, misusu ebunda. Ata boye, maladie ebandi komesana nkisi ya ndenge nyonso. Mbala mingi nkisi esalaka lisusu te mpo moto azalaki kozua yango na ndenge ekoki te, to azuaki yango na ndenge ya mabe to moto asilisaki te kozua nkisi (Conaty et al., 2004). Mikolo oyo batiyaka nkisi mibale to koleka na kati ya na komprime moko. Moto akomela komprime mine to koleka, mokolo moko. Tango mosusu esengi moto azua nkisi mikolo mingi, lokola maladie ya [[TB meningitis]], to soki maladie ebandi komesana na nkisi moko to mibale, wana esengi kobalula nkisi. Soki moto abandi nkisi mpona poso mibale, wana akoki lisusu kopanza TB te, mpe akobanda komiyoka malamu sima ya poso mine. Kasi esengi sanza motoba ya kozua nkisi mpo moto abika. == Tosala nini soki moto azalaka mpene na moto ya TB? == Tango bakuti moto azali na TB, dokotolo akotala soki baye bavandaka naye bakoki kozua yango. Soki emonani te moto akoki kopanza yango, to mwana azali na yango, kasi eyebani te azui yango wapi, wana baye bazalaka mpene naye bakobenga bango mpo bameka eyebana soki bango mpe bazali na yango. Bato wana bakozala bandeko to baye bavandaka na ndako moko. Tango mosusu baninga, lokola baye basalaka elongo, mpe bakobenga bango, kasi mbala mingi tina ya kosala yango ekozala te. Ezalaka mbala mingi te mwana apanza TB – kasi kobela na bango elakisaka te moto mokolo oyo azali kobela TB, azali mpene na mwana wana. Komeka mpona bandeko tina yango koyeba baye basi bazui TB to baye basi babandi kobela. Komeka basalaka na loposo to na Rayon-X. Na kati ya UK mbala mingi soki bameki loposo, elakisaka te moto asiazui maladie (loposo kovimbal mpe kozala lokola makila esika babetaki tonga), kasi wana ezali mpo bazuaki mobateli ya BCG. Soki loposo soolo ezali. Soki TB emonani, wana moto bamemi ye na dokotolo mpe bakopesa ye nkisi ya TB. == Na mokili mobimba == TB ebomaki bato 100 million na bambula 100 oyo eleki, yango Organisation Mondial de Sante eti yango lokola maladie oyo ya koboma bato mingi na mokili 'Global Health Emergency' na 1993 (WHO 1). Emonani lokola 33% ya bato nyonso na mokili bazali na yango. Na mbula moko, bato 9 million ya sika bazuaka yango (WHO 2). Tango nyonso moto moko azuaka yango na second moko. Mpona bato mingi ata soki bazui TB mobateli ya nzoto na bango ekoki kokanga yango babela te. Ata boye, TB ebomaka bato 2 million na mokili na mbula moko, moto moko na second 15 (WHO 3). Kati ya bango, 98% bazali bato ya Tiers Monde, mingi na Asie de Sud na Afrika ya bato mwindo (WHO 4). TB ezali ya liboso mpona koboma basi mpe koleka maladie misusu esalaka bana etike bazala mingi. == Nini bazali kosala mpona kokanga TB na mokili mobimba? == Ebongi bato nyonso na mokili babunda na TB. Kokanga yango esika moko ekosalisa soki bakangi yango bisika misusu. WHO eyi na nzela oyo babengaka 'Directly Observed Treatment – Shortcourse' (DOTS) (WHO 5): 1. leta ezala na mposa ya kosalisa 2. nzela ya komeka bato mpo eyabana soki bazali na TB 3. nzela oyo ebandimi ya kozua nkisi ya sanza 6 mpona babeli mpe moto ya kotala te bato bazali kozua nkisi na ndenge ebongi 4. Moto atika te komela nkisi kino abiki, mpe nkisi yango ezala oyo ebongi 5. Kotiya na buku nzela ekoki ya kozua nkisi mpo na sima eyebana ndenge bapesaki nkisi 7835 2006-03-10T17:18:11Z Bombo 12 [[Category:Maladi]] [[Category:Móngana]] [[Category:Nzoto kolongono]] '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezalí maladie óyo ebébisaka esíká ya kopomola na káti ya tolo, kasi ekokí mpé kobébisa bisíka misúsu na nzóto. Na bambula 150 óyo eleki na [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]], moto moko na kati ya bato 8 óyo bazalaki kokufa ezalaki mpo ya TB. Kasi na bambula ya 1980, maladie yango emonanaki mingi lisusu te, mpoya bato kozala na ndako ya malamu, koliya malamu mpe koyeba noki na kotiya pembeni baye bazali kobela mpo bazua lobiko noki. Kasi TB esili naino libela te. Ya soolo, TB ezali maladie enyokoloko mingi mokili mikolo oyo. Mbula oyo eleki batu mingi bakufaki na TB-8,000 na mokolo moko- koleka na bambula nyonso oyo esieleki. Na bambula 20 oyo eleki, TB ebandi komata malembemalembe na Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ. Sikoyo bato 7,000 bazuaka yango na mbula moko – wana koloba moto moko na kati ya bato 10,000 na mboka mobimba. Buku oyo eyebisaka likolo ya maladie yango, ndenge ya koyeba yango, lobiko na yango, mpe elakisaka ndenge ezali na mboka na biso na kokokisa yango na ndenge ezalaka na mokili mobimba. Buku oyo mpe ezui batoli ya sika mpoya mopekisi ya BCG na UK, mpe babuku misusu na sango oyo nyonso ekosalisa koyeba makambo ya maladi yango na bawebsite. == Tuberculose ezali nini? == [[Image:TB AFB smear.jpg|thumb|right|tuberculose]] '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezali maladie ya mabe oyo ekoki kovimbisa nakati ya moto ya mwana, na Angle [[TB meningitis]]. Mpona bato bakolo, mbala mingi ebebisaka esika ya kopomola, kasi ekoki kobebisa mpe mikua, nakati ya moto to bisika misusu. Awa na mboka na biso, bato mingi baye bazuaka TB babikaka, kasi esengi sanza mingi mpo babika. TB ezali maladie ya makasi, kasi ebikaka, ewutaka na 'Mycobacterium Tuberculosis' tuberculosis to M. Tb na mokuse). Mbala mingi ekotaka na tolo esika ya kopumola Angle 'pulmonary TB') kasi ekoki mpe kokota bisika misusu na nzoto lokola nakati kingo, mikua to biloko na libumu. Ekoki mpe kopesa meningite. Maladie mosusu, M. bovis, ekokani na TB kasi yango ezuaka banyama, mbala mingi gombe ('bovine TB'). M. bovis mpe ekoki kozua moto lokola kala, tango bato bayebaki naino te ndenge ya kobatela mabele <pasteurisation> to koluka TB na gombe. == Tuberculose moto azuaka ndenge nini? == Nzela oyo monene ya kozua TB nde ewutaka na moto oyo azali na yango na nzoto naye, oyo azali kokolola. Soki akololi abimisaka maladie nakati ya soyi. Soki moto ozui soyi yango na tango ya kopomola, wana okoki kozua TB. Soyi yango ekoki kovanda na mopepe na tango molayi kasi wana mbala mingi epesaka maladie te. Nzela oyo monene ezali kaka soki ozalaka mpene mpe mpona tango molayi na moto oyo azali na yango. == Tuberculose ezalaka bisika mingi? == Nakati ya [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] na bambula ya 1950, batu koleka 50,000 bazalaki kozua TB na mbula moko. Mikolo oyo ezongi ti batu 7,000 baye bazuaka na mbula moko, kasi soki okokisi yango na bambula ya 1990, tango wana ezalaki bato 5,500. Yango okomona te ezali komata lisusu. Wana omoni te kozua TB ezali noki te, kasi ebongi ozala ekenge na ndenge ya koyeba yango mpo, na mokili mobimba TB ezali bisika mingi. Lokola batu mingi batambolaka na mokili, bango bakoki kozua yango mpe bakotisi yango na mboka na biso. == Tuberculose emonanaka ndenge nini? == Tuberculose ekoki kobebisa esika nyonso ya nzoto, ndenge wana, ndenge ekomonana na mwana ekeseni na oyo ya moto mokolo. Lokola tuberculose ewutaka na bato, malamu oyebaka moto oyo azali na yango. Malamu omona dokotolo soki mwana na yo to ndeko alakisaka biloko oyo tokomi na nse: * [[Kokolola]] mpona koleka mposo misatu * [[Fɛ́fɛlɛ]] * Kotoko na mbutu * [[Kokondo]] * Kolemba nzoto noki * Kokolola [[makila]] == Mpona nini mwana na ngai bapesa ye Bacillus Calmette-Guérin? == Na Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ, lokola na bamboka misusu, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin bapesaka na bana baye bazali mpene ya bato oyo bakoki kozala na TB. Wana ezali mpo bana yango bavandaka bisika ya bato mingi ya TB, ezala baboti to bankoko bauti bisika bato mingi babelaka TB. Na mokuse mbala mingi bana oyo bavandaka na cite ya masikini. Mobateli yango bapesaka na tango mwana abotami kasi bakopesaka mpe na tango nyonso oyo ebongi. == Bamboka oyo ezalaka na babeli mingi ya Tuberculose == [[Image:Flu Vaccine.jpg|thumb|right|Mbala mingi mwana nayo bakobeta ye tonga ya BCG na loboko ya mwasi mpene na lipeka.]] Bamboka oyo tokoma na nse ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB. Soki eyano na yo ya mituni na biso ezali 'oui' 'íyo', sala noki opesa mwana nayo azua [[Bacillus Calmette-Guérin]] soki azui naino te. * Yo, bandeko nayo to tata ya mwana na yo awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Yo na mwana nayo bokokende kovanda koleka sanza moko to bokotambola mingi na mboka nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Nakati ya ndako nayo, to mpene nayo, azali moto oyo akozala mpene na mwana nayo na tango mingi, oyo azali na TB to azalaki na yango kala, to awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo to tangi? == Nzela nini ya koyeba Tuberculose? == Lokola TB ekotaka bisika mingi na nzoto, nzela ya komona yango mpe ezali ndenge na ndenge. TB oyo eyebani mingi nde ya kokolola 'pulmonary TB'. Moto oyo azali na yango akolakisa: * kozanga mposa ya koliya na kokondo * kokolola oyo emataka makasi sima ya mposo mine na koleka to basenza * kobimisa soyi mingi; akoki mpe kokolola makila soki nzela ya makila epasuki * komiyoka nzoto elembi tango nyonso * kozala na fɛ́fɛlɛ, mbala mingi na mbutu, oyo epesi kotoko mingi == TB epanzaka ndenge nini? == Nzela ya kopanza TB yango kaka moko: baye bazali na yango nakati ya tolo to na mongongo. Mayi oyo ebimaka na monoko na kokolola nakati ya mopepe nde ezali na maladie. Kasi oyeba te tango mosusu baoyo bazali na yango bakoki te kopanza yango. == Kozua TB ezalaka noki, to makasi? == Penza, ezalaka makasi moto azua TB, mpe esengi tango molayi to kokutana mbala mingi na moto oyo azali na yango, lokola kovanda na ndako moko. Ata ndenge wana, basusu, ata soki bazui TB, bango bakobelaka te. Bato mingi (toloba 9 na kati ya 10) baye bazali na nzoto kolongono, soki bazui yango bakobela te. Baye 10% batikali bakobela, kasi mbala mingi noki te, kasi na sima ata ya bambula 10 na koleka (Comstock, 1982). Wana esalamaka mpo maladie yango ekoki kovanda na nzoto ya moto lokola elali bambula mpe moto azali kobela te. Maladie ekolamuka na sima ya bambula, mbala mingi soki nzoto ezangi komibatela (immunite), lokola moto mobange, bankisi misusu, kobela lokola [[Sida]] to kovanda na mizele. Mpona 10% baye bakobelaka TB, tango ya mabe ezalaka soki ekomi naino mbula mibale te banda bazui yango. Kati ya 1 na 5% ya baye bazui TB babelaka noki wuta bazui yango (Styblo et al., 1969; Sutherland et al., 1976; 1982). Wana babengaka yango kobela mbala moko, na Angle 'primary disease', mpe mbala mingi ezalaka na bana. 'Primary TB' mbala mingi ekoleka emonana te, mpe ekobika yango moko ata soki moto ameli nkisi te, kasi ekoki kozonga sima ya bambula. Ekotika elembo moke nakati ya tolo, na ndenge emonanaka na Rayon-X. == Kozua TB na kobela TB bikeseni? == Mpona bato mingi baoyo bakozua TB, [[mobateli|mibateli]] ya nzoto (immunite) ekobunda kino kosilisa to kokanga emata te. Ndenge wana maladie ekotikala kolala, kasi ezali naino na bomoyi, mpe ekobima lisusu na sima. Ya ndenge oyo babengaka 'latent TB infection'. Baye bazali na latent TB infection: * emonanaka te * bakoyoka kobela te * bakoki kopanza na basusu te * Mbala mingi soki bameki loposo, ekomonana te bazali na yango * Bakoki kobela TB na sima ya bambula Baye bazali kobela TB (‘active TB’) bakolakisaka biloko oyo tokomaki na 'Nzela nini ya koyeba TB'. == TB mabe na yango penza nini? == Soki babikisi te, TB, ata epayi ya bakolo, emataka malembe kino eyi koboma. Mabe mosusu ekopesa meningite. Nzela mosusu, soki babikisi te, nde kobimisa makila tango ya kokolola. TB ekokoma ndongo soki emeseni nkisi, mpo ndenge ya kobikisa ezalaka makasi. Nakati ya [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]], TB, ebomaka bato 350 na mbula moko, mingi nakati ya bango mibange, kasi bana mpe bazalaka. Bisika bato bavandaka na bandako oyo ekoki te, na mokili mobimba, bato mingi bakufaka na TB koleka oyo ya UK. == TB bakoki kopekisa na mobateli ''vaccination''? == Mobateli ezali ya BCG. Tango mosusu epekisaka TB te. Kasi esalisaka mpona bana baoyo bazali kobela meningite 'TB meningitis' (Rodrigues et al., 1993). Nakati ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ, BCG tango ya kala bazalaki kopesa bana nyonso ya kelasi. Kasi lokola ndenge ya TB ebaluki, Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ ekamati nzela ya kolanda bato moke baoyo bakozala na yango. Mobateli ya BCG ekeseni kolanda epayi okozala na UK, mpo TB ekozala mingi esika moko kasi ezali te esika mosusu. BCG bapesaka bana oyo bavandaka bisika ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB koleka bisika misusu, likolo ya oyo, bapesaka na bana babotami na mboka oyo ezali na bato mingi ya TB. Bapesaka mpe na bana kelasi ya mbula 10 kino 14 soki bazui BCG na kala te. == Soki olingi kokende na mboka mopaya ebongi ozua mobateli ya BCG? == Soki azuaki BCG kala te esengi moto azua yango soki alingi kotambola, kovanda to kosala mosala mpona sanza moko to koleka, na mboka oyo ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB (Immunisation against Infectious Disease, 1996). == Mobateli ya BCG ezali nini? == [[Mobateli]] ya [[Bacillus Calmette-Guérin]] (BCG) ezali maladie ya TB oyo ezuaka gombe [[Mycobacterium bovis]]. Nakati ya BCG maladie ya TB ezalaka, kasi bakangi yango epesa kobela te. Kasi mpona baye bazangi mobateli ya nzoto, lokola bato ya [[Sida]], mpona bango BCG ekoki kopesa maladie tango mosusu. BCG batiyaka yango na tonga ya moke na loposo. == Mpona nini, moto liboso ya kopesa ye BCG, ebongi bameka loposo naye? == Moto nyonso oyo azali na sanza 12 to koleka wana, bakomekaka loposo naye liboso ya kopesa ye [[Bacillus Calmette-Guérin|mobateli ya BCG]]. Wana ezali mpona koyeba soki mobateli ya nzoto (immunite) emeseni na TB. Nzela ya koyeba nde kobeta tonga ya [[tuberculin]] – mayi ya proteine basali wuta na 'M. tuberculosis' – na kati ya loposo. Sima ya mikolo 2 - 10, na ndenge ya tonga yango, bakotala esika babeti yango. Soki esika babeti tonga evimbi mpe, ekomi lokola makila, wana elakisi te maladie ezali. Ndenge wana ebongi lisusu te bapesa moto BCG, mpo akozala asiazui TB to maladie mosusu ya ndenge wana. Soki nzoto naye elakisi kozala na maladie ya makasi, wana esengi bameka ye na nzela misusu koyeba soki penza asiazui to abandi kobela TB. Bana oyo bakokisi naino sanza 12 te, bango bazali na posa te ya komeka loposo, liboso ya kozua BCG. == Tuberculose babikisaka yango ndenge nini? == Mbala mingi TB ekoki kobika, kasi moto ebongi asilisa nkisi ya sanza 6 to koleka. Baye babelaka TB mbala mingi bakotaka na opital te. Ata soki bakoti, wana ekozala mpona koyeba soki penza bazali na maladie yango to mpo babanda kozua nkisi. Ata boye, bato ya TB esengi bazala mpene na efimiele ya tolo, tango nyonso ya kozua nkisi mpo bazua yango na ndenge ekoki, mpe soki likambo ya mabe ezali, basala noki moto atika te kozua nkisi. Nzela oyo tomeseni, ezali ya kozua nkisi 'antibiotics' misatu to mine mbala moko mpona sanza mibale, nde sima na yango nkisi mibale mpona sanza mine misusu. Nkisi mine minene ya TB ezali [[isoniazid]], [[rifampicin]], [[pyrazinamide]] na [[ethambutol]]. Eyaka elongo mpona kosalisa soki maladie emeseni nkisi moko, misusu ebunda. Ata boye, maladie ebandi komesana nkisi ya ndenge nyonso. Mbala mingi nkisi esalaka lisusu te mpo moto azalaki kozua yango na ndenge ekoki te, to azuaki yango na ndenge ya mabe to moto asilisaki te kozua nkisi (Conaty et al., 2004). Mikolo oyo batiyaka nkisi mibale to koleka na kati ya na komprime moko. Moto akomela komprime mine to koleka, mokolo moko. Tango mosusu esengi moto azua nkisi mikolo mingi, lokola maladie ya [[TB meningitis]], to soki maladie ebandi komesana na nkisi moko to mibale, wana esengi kobalula nkisi. Soki moto abandi nkisi mpona poso mibale, wana akoki lisusu kopanza TB te, mpe akobanda komiyoka malamu sima ya poso mine. Kasi esengi sanza motoba ya kozua nkisi mpo moto abika. == Tosala nini soki moto azalaka mpene na moto ya TB? == Tango bakuti moto azali na TB, dokotolo akotala soki baye bavandaka naye bakoki kozua yango. Soki emonani te moto akoki kopanza yango, to mwana azali na yango, kasi eyebani te azui yango wapi, wana baye bazalaka mpene naye bakobenga bango mpo bameka eyebana soki bango mpe bazali na yango. Bato wana bakozala bandeko to baye bavandaka na ndako moko. Tango mosusu baninga, lokola baye basalaka elongo, mpe bakobenga bango, kasi mbala mingi tina ya kosala yango ekozala te. Ezalaka mbala mingi te mwana apanza TB – kasi kobela na bango elakisaka te moto mokolo oyo azali kobela TB, azali mpene na mwana wana. Komeka mpona bandeko tina yango koyeba baye basi bazui TB to baye basi babandi kobela. Komeka basalaka na loposo to na Rayon-X. Na kati ya UK mbala mingi soki bameki loposo, elakisaka te moto asiazui maladie (loposo kovimbal mpe kozala lokola makila esika babetaki tonga), kasi wana ezali mpo bazuaki mobateli ya BCG. Soki loposo soolo ezali. Soki TB emonani, wana moto bamemi ye na dokotolo mpe bakopesa ye nkisi ya TB. == Na mokili mobimba == TB ebomaki bato 100 million na bambula 100 oyo eleki, yango Organisation Mondial de Sante eti yango lokola maladie oyo ya koboma bato mingi na mokili 'Global Health Emergency' na 1993 (WHO 1). Emonani lokola 33% ya bato nyonso na mokili bazali na yango. Na mbula moko, bato 9 million ya sika bazuaka yango (WHO 2). Tango nyonso moto moko azuaka yango na second moko. Mpona bato mingi ata soki bazui TB mobateli ya nzoto na bango ekoki kokanga yango babela te. Ata boye, TB ebomaka bato 2 million na mokili na mbula moko, moto moko na second 15 (WHO 3). Kati ya bango, 98% bazali bato ya Tiers Monde, mingi na Asie de Sud na Afrika ya bato mwindo (WHO 4). TB ezali ya liboso mpona koboma basi mpe koleka maladie misusu esalaka bana etike bazala mingi. == Nini bazali kosala mpona kokanga TB na mokili mobimba? == Ebongi bato nyonso na mokili babunda na TB. Kokanga yango esika moko ekosalisa soki bakangi yango bisika misusu. WHO eyi na nzela oyo babengaka 'Directly Observed Treatment – Shortcourse' (DOTS) (WHO 5): 1. leta ezala na mposa ya kosalisa 2. nzela ya komeka bato mpo eyabana soki bazali na TB 3. nzela oyo ebandimi ya kozua nkisi ya sanza 6 mpona babeli mpe moto ya kotala te bato bazali kozua nkisi na ndenge ebongi 4. Moto atika te komela nkisi kino abiki, mpe nkisi yango ezala oyo ebongi 5. Kotiya na buku nzela ekoki ya kozua nkisi mpo na sima eyebana ndenge bapesaki nkisi 7836 2006-03-10T17:18:38Z Bombo 12 /* Mpona nini mwana na ngai bapesa ye Bacillus Calmette-Guérin? */ [[Category:Maladi]] [[Category:Móngana]] [[Category:Nzoto kolongono]] '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezalí maladie óyo ebébisaka esíká ya kopomola na káti ya tolo, kasi ekokí mpé kobébisa bisíka misúsu na nzóto. Na bambula 150 óyo eleki na [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]], moto moko na kati ya bato 8 óyo bazalaki kokufa ezalaki mpo ya TB. Kasi na bambula ya 1980, maladie yango emonanaki mingi lisusu te, mpoya bato kozala na ndako ya malamu, koliya malamu mpe koyeba noki na kotiya pembeni baye bazali kobela mpo bazua lobiko noki. Kasi TB esili naino libela te. Ya soolo, TB ezali maladie enyokoloko mingi mokili mikolo oyo. Mbula oyo eleki batu mingi bakufaki na TB-8,000 na mokolo moko- koleka na bambula nyonso oyo esieleki. Na bambula 20 oyo eleki, TB ebandi komata malembemalembe na Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ. Sikoyo bato 7,000 bazuaka yango na mbula moko – wana koloba moto moko na kati ya bato 10,000 na mboka mobimba. Buku oyo eyebisaka likolo ya maladie yango, ndenge ya koyeba yango, lobiko na yango, mpe elakisaka ndenge ezali na mboka na biso na kokokisa yango na ndenge ezalaka na mokili mobimba. Buku oyo mpe ezui batoli ya sika mpoya mopekisi ya BCG na UK, mpe babuku misusu na sango oyo nyonso ekosalisa koyeba makambo ya maladi yango na bawebsite. == Tuberculose ezali nini? == [[Image:TB AFB smear.jpg|thumb|right|tuberculose]] '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezali maladie ya mabe oyo ekoki kovimbisa nakati ya moto ya mwana, na Angle [[TB meningitis]]. Mpona bato bakolo, mbala mingi ebebisaka esika ya kopomola, kasi ekoki kobebisa mpe mikua, nakati ya moto to bisika misusu. Awa na mboka na biso, bato mingi baye bazuaka TB babikaka, kasi esengi sanza mingi mpo babika. TB ezali maladie ya makasi, kasi ebikaka, ewutaka na 'Mycobacterium Tuberculosis' tuberculosis to M. Tb na mokuse). Mbala mingi ekotaka na tolo esika ya kopumola Angle 'pulmonary TB') kasi ekoki mpe kokota bisika misusu na nzoto lokola nakati kingo, mikua to biloko na libumu. Ekoki mpe kopesa meningite. Maladie mosusu, M. bovis, ekokani na TB kasi yango ezuaka banyama, mbala mingi gombe ('bovine TB'). M. bovis mpe ekoki kozua moto lokola kala, tango bato bayebaki naino te ndenge ya kobatela mabele <pasteurisation> to koluka TB na gombe. == Tuberculose moto azuaka ndenge nini? == Nzela oyo monene ya kozua TB nde ewutaka na moto oyo azali na yango na nzoto naye, oyo azali kokolola. Soki akololi abimisaka maladie nakati ya soyi. Soki moto ozui soyi yango na tango ya kopomola, wana okoki kozua TB. Soyi yango ekoki kovanda na mopepe na tango molayi kasi wana mbala mingi epesaka maladie te. Nzela oyo monene ezali kaka soki ozalaka mpene mpe mpona tango molayi na moto oyo azali na yango. == Tuberculose ezalaka bisika mingi? == Nakati ya [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] na bambula ya 1950, batu koleka 50,000 bazalaki kozua TB na mbula moko. Mikolo oyo ezongi ti batu 7,000 baye bazuaka na mbula moko, kasi soki okokisi yango na bambula ya 1990, tango wana ezalaki bato 5,500. Yango okomona te ezali komata lisusu. Wana omoni te kozua TB ezali noki te, kasi ebongi ozala ekenge na ndenge ya koyeba yango mpo, na mokili mobimba TB ezali bisika mingi. Lokola batu mingi batambolaka na mokili, bango bakoki kozua yango mpe bakotisi yango na mboka na biso. == Tuberculose emonanaka ndenge nini? == Tuberculose ekoki kobebisa esika nyonso ya nzoto, ndenge wana, ndenge ekomonana na mwana ekeseni na oyo ya moto mokolo. Lokola tuberculose ewutaka na bato, malamu oyebaka moto oyo azali na yango. Malamu omona dokotolo soki mwana na yo to ndeko alakisaka biloko oyo tokomi na nse: * [[Kokolola]] mpona koleka mposo misatu * [[Fɛ́fɛlɛ]] * Kotoko na mbutu * [[Kokondo]] * Kolemba nzoto noki * Kokolola [[makila]] == Mpona nini mwana na ngai bapesa ye Bacillus Calmette-Guérin? == Na Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ, lokola na bamboka misusu, [[Bacillus Calmette-Guérin]] bapesaka na bana baye bazali mpene ya bato oyo bakoki kozala na TB. Wana ezali mpo bana yango bavandaka bisika ya bato mingi ya TB, ezala baboti to bankoko bauti bisika bato mingi babelaka TB. Na mokuse mbala mingi bana oyo bavandaka na cite ya masikini. Mobateli yango bapesaka na tango mwana abotami kasi bakopesaka mpe na tango nyonso oyo ebongi. == Bamboka oyo ezalaka na babeli mingi ya Tuberculose == [[Image:Flu Vaccine.jpg|thumb|right|Mbala mingi mwana nayo bakobeta ye tonga ya BCG na loboko ya mwasi mpene na lipeka.]] Bamboka oyo tokoma na nse ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB. Soki eyano na yo ya mituni na biso ezali 'oui' 'íyo', sala noki opesa mwana nayo azua [[Bacillus Calmette-Guérin]] soki azui naino te. * Yo, bandeko nayo to tata ya mwana na yo awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Yo na mwana nayo bokokende kovanda koleka sanza moko to bokotambola mingi na mboka nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Nakati ya ndako nayo, to mpene nayo, azali moto oyo akozala mpene na mwana nayo na tango mingi, oyo azali na TB to azalaki na yango kala, to awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo to tangi? == Nzela nini ya koyeba Tuberculose? == Lokola TB ekotaka bisika mingi na nzoto, nzela ya komona yango mpe ezali ndenge na ndenge. TB oyo eyebani mingi nde ya kokolola 'pulmonary TB'. Moto oyo azali na yango akolakisa: * kozanga mposa ya koliya na kokondo * kokolola oyo emataka makasi sima ya mposo mine na koleka to basenza * kobimisa soyi mingi; akoki mpe kokolola makila soki nzela ya makila epasuki * komiyoka nzoto elembi tango nyonso * kozala na fɛ́fɛlɛ, mbala mingi na mbutu, oyo epesi kotoko mingi == TB epanzaka ndenge nini? == Nzela ya kopanza TB yango kaka moko: baye bazali na yango nakati ya tolo to na mongongo. Mayi oyo ebimaka na monoko na kokolola nakati ya mopepe nde ezali na maladie. Kasi oyeba te tango mosusu baoyo bazali na yango bakoki te kopanza yango. == Kozua TB ezalaka noki, to makasi? == Penza, ezalaka makasi moto azua TB, mpe esengi tango molayi to kokutana mbala mingi na moto oyo azali na yango, lokola kovanda na ndako moko. Ata ndenge wana, basusu, ata soki bazui TB, bango bakobelaka te. Bato mingi (toloba 9 na kati ya 10) baye bazali na nzoto kolongono, soki bazui yango bakobela te. Baye 10% batikali bakobela, kasi mbala mingi noki te, kasi na sima ata ya bambula 10 na koleka (Comstock, 1982). Wana esalamaka mpo maladie yango ekoki kovanda na nzoto ya moto lokola elali bambula mpe moto azali kobela te. Maladie ekolamuka na sima ya bambula, mbala mingi soki nzoto ezangi komibatela (immunite), lokola moto mobange, bankisi misusu, kobela lokola [[Sida]] to kovanda na mizele. Mpona 10% baye bakobelaka TB, tango ya mabe ezalaka soki ekomi naino mbula mibale te banda bazui yango. Kati ya 1 na 5% ya baye bazui TB babelaka noki wuta bazui yango (Styblo et al., 1969; Sutherland et al., 1976; 1982). Wana babengaka yango kobela mbala moko, na Angle 'primary disease', mpe mbala mingi ezalaka na bana. 'Primary TB' mbala mingi ekoleka emonana te, mpe ekobika yango moko ata soki moto ameli nkisi te, kasi ekoki kozonga sima ya bambula. Ekotika elembo moke nakati ya tolo, na ndenge emonanaka na Rayon-X. == Kozua TB na kobela TB bikeseni? == Mpona bato mingi baoyo bakozua TB, [[mobateli|mibateli]] ya nzoto (immunite) ekobunda kino kosilisa to kokanga emata te. Ndenge wana maladie ekotikala kolala, kasi ezali naino na bomoyi, mpe ekobima lisusu na sima. Ya ndenge oyo babengaka 'latent TB infection'. Baye bazali na latent TB infection: * emonanaka te * bakoyoka kobela te * bakoki kopanza na basusu te * Mbala mingi soki bameki loposo, ekomonana te bazali na yango * Bakoki kobela TB na sima ya bambula Baye bazali kobela TB (‘active TB’) bakolakisaka biloko oyo tokomaki na 'Nzela nini ya koyeba TB'. == TB mabe na yango penza nini? == Soki babikisi te, TB, ata epayi ya bakolo, emataka malembe kino eyi koboma. Mabe mosusu ekopesa meningite. Nzela mosusu, soki babikisi te, nde kobimisa makila tango ya kokolola. TB ekokoma ndongo soki emeseni nkisi, mpo ndenge ya kobikisa ezalaka makasi. Nakati ya [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]], TB, ebomaka bato 350 na mbula moko, mingi nakati ya bango mibange, kasi bana mpe bazalaka. Bisika bato bavandaka na bandako oyo ekoki te, na mokili mobimba, bato mingi bakufaka na TB koleka oyo ya UK. == TB bakoki kopekisa na mobateli ''vaccination''? == Mobateli ezali ya BCG. Tango mosusu epekisaka TB te. Kasi esalisaka mpona bana baoyo bazali kobela meningite 'TB meningitis' (Rodrigues et al., 1993). Nakati ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ, BCG tango ya kala bazalaki kopesa bana nyonso ya kelasi. Kasi lokola ndenge ya TB ebaluki, Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ ekamati nzela ya kolanda bato moke baoyo bakozala na yango. Mobateli ya BCG ekeseni kolanda epayi okozala na UK, mpo TB ekozala mingi esika moko kasi ezali te esika mosusu. BCG bapesaka bana oyo bavandaka bisika ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB koleka bisika misusu, likolo ya oyo, bapesaka na bana babotami na mboka oyo ezali na bato mingi ya TB. Bapesaka mpe na bana kelasi ya mbula 10 kino 14 soki bazui BCG na kala te. == Soki olingi kokende na mboka mopaya ebongi ozua mobateli ya BCG? == Soki azuaki BCG kala te esengi moto azua yango soki alingi kotambola, kovanda to kosala mosala mpona sanza moko to koleka, na mboka oyo ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB (Immunisation against Infectious Disease, 1996). == Mobateli ya BCG ezali nini? == [[Mobateli]] ya [[Bacillus Calmette-Guérin]] (BCG) ezali maladie ya TB oyo ezuaka gombe [[Mycobacterium bovis]]. Nakati ya BCG maladie ya TB ezalaka, kasi bakangi yango epesa kobela te. Kasi mpona baye bazangi mobateli ya nzoto, lokola bato ya [[Sida]], mpona bango BCG ekoki kopesa maladie tango mosusu. BCG batiyaka yango na tonga ya moke na loposo. == Mpona nini, moto liboso ya kopesa ye BCG, ebongi bameka loposo naye? == Moto nyonso oyo azali na sanza 12 to koleka wana, bakomekaka loposo naye liboso ya kopesa ye [[Bacillus Calmette-Guérin|mobateli ya BCG]]. Wana ezali mpona koyeba soki mobateli ya nzoto (immunite) emeseni na TB. Nzela ya koyeba nde kobeta tonga ya [[tuberculin]] – mayi ya proteine basali wuta na 'M. tuberculosis' – na kati ya loposo. Sima ya mikolo 2 - 10, na ndenge ya tonga yango, bakotala esika babeti yango. Soki esika babeti tonga evimbi mpe, ekomi lokola makila, wana elakisi te maladie ezali. Ndenge wana ebongi lisusu te bapesa moto BCG, mpo akozala asiazui TB to maladie mosusu ya ndenge wana. Soki nzoto naye elakisi kozala na maladie ya makasi, wana esengi bameka ye na nzela misusu koyeba soki penza asiazui to abandi kobela TB. Bana oyo bakokisi naino sanza 12 te, bango bazali na posa te ya komeka loposo, liboso ya kozua BCG. == Tuberculose babikisaka yango ndenge nini? == Mbala mingi TB ekoki kobika, kasi moto ebongi asilisa nkisi ya sanza 6 to koleka. Baye babelaka TB mbala mingi bakotaka na opital te. Ata soki bakoti, wana ekozala mpona koyeba soki penza bazali na maladie yango to mpo babanda kozua nkisi. Ata boye, bato ya TB esengi bazala mpene na efimiele ya tolo, tango nyonso ya kozua nkisi mpo bazua yango na ndenge ekoki, mpe soki likambo ya mabe ezali, basala noki moto atika te kozua nkisi. Nzela oyo tomeseni, ezali ya kozua nkisi 'antibiotics' misatu to mine mbala moko mpona sanza mibale, nde sima na yango nkisi mibale mpona sanza mine misusu. Nkisi mine minene ya TB ezali [[isoniazid]], [[rifampicin]], [[pyrazinamide]] na [[ethambutol]]. Eyaka elongo mpona kosalisa soki maladie emeseni nkisi moko, misusu ebunda. Ata boye, maladie ebandi komesana nkisi ya ndenge nyonso. Mbala mingi nkisi esalaka lisusu te mpo moto azalaki kozua yango na ndenge ekoki te, to azuaki yango na ndenge ya mabe to moto asilisaki te kozua nkisi (Conaty et al., 2004). Mikolo oyo batiyaka nkisi mibale to koleka na kati ya na komprime moko. Moto akomela komprime mine to koleka, mokolo moko. Tango mosusu esengi moto azua nkisi mikolo mingi, lokola maladie ya [[TB meningitis]], to soki maladie ebandi komesana na nkisi moko to mibale, wana esengi kobalula nkisi. Soki moto abandi nkisi mpona poso mibale, wana akoki lisusu kopanza TB te, mpe akobanda komiyoka malamu sima ya poso mine. Kasi esengi sanza motoba ya kozua nkisi mpo moto abika. == Tosala nini soki moto azalaka mpene na moto ya TB? == Tango bakuti moto azali na TB, dokotolo akotala soki baye bavandaka naye bakoki kozua yango. Soki emonani te moto akoki kopanza yango, to mwana azali na yango, kasi eyebani te azui yango wapi, wana baye bazalaka mpene naye bakobenga bango mpo bameka eyebana soki bango mpe bazali na yango. Bato wana bakozala bandeko to baye bavandaka na ndako moko. Tango mosusu baninga, lokola baye basalaka elongo, mpe bakobenga bango, kasi mbala mingi tina ya kosala yango ekozala te. Ezalaka mbala mingi te mwana apanza TB – kasi kobela na bango elakisaka te moto mokolo oyo azali kobela TB, azali mpene na mwana wana. Komeka mpona bandeko tina yango koyeba baye basi bazui TB to baye basi babandi kobela. Komeka basalaka na loposo to na Rayon-X. Na kati ya UK mbala mingi soki bameki loposo, elakisaka te moto asiazui maladie (loposo kovimbal mpe kozala lokola makila esika babetaki tonga), kasi wana ezali mpo bazuaki mobateli ya BCG. Soki loposo soolo ezali. Soki TB emonani, wana moto bamemi ye na dokotolo mpe bakopesa ye nkisi ya TB. == Na mokili mobimba == TB ebomaki bato 100 million na bambula 100 oyo eleki, yango Organisation Mondial de Sante eti yango lokola maladie oyo ya koboma bato mingi na mokili 'Global Health Emergency' na 1993 (WHO 1). Emonani lokola 33% ya bato nyonso na mokili bazali na yango. Na mbula moko, bato 9 million ya sika bazuaka yango (WHO 2). Tango nyonso moto moko azuaka yango na second moko. Mpona bato mingi ata soki bazui TB mobateli ya nzoto na bango ekoki kokanga yango babela te. Ata boye, TB ebomaka bato 2 million na mokili na mbula moko, moto moko na second 15 (WHO 3). Kati ya bango, 98% bazali bato ya Tiers Monde, mingi na Asie de Sud na Afrika ya bato mwindo (WHO 4). TB ezali ya liboso mpona koboma basi mpe koleka maladie misusu esalaka bana etike bazala mingi. == Nini bazali kosala mpona kokanga TB na mokili mobimba? == Ebongi bato nyonso na mokili babunda na TB. Kokanga yango esika moko ekosalisa soki bakangi yango bisika misusu. WHO eyi na nzela oyo babengaka 'Directly Observed Treatment – Shortcourse' (DOTS) (WHO 5): 1. leta ezala na mposa ya kosalisa 2. nzela ya komeka bato mpo eyabana soki bazali na TB 3. nzela oyo ebandimi ya kozua nkisi ya sanza 6 mpona babeli mpe moto ya kotala te bato bazali kozua nkisi na ndenge ebongi 4. Moto atika te komela nkisi kino abiki, mpe nkisi yango ezala oyo ebongi 5. Kotiya na buku nzela ekoki ya kozua nkisi mpo na sima eyebana ndenge bapesaki nkisi 9065 2006-08-04T15:51:45Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: af, ar, bn, bs, ca, cs, da, de, en, eo, es, eu, fi, fr, ga, gd, gl, he, hr, hu, id, io, it, ja, ko, lt, ms, mt, nl, nn, no, pl, pt, ru, sh, simple, sl, sr, su, sv, tr, uk, vi, wa, zh, zh-min-nan [[Category:Maladi]] [[Category:Móngana]] [[Category:Nzoto kolongono]] '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezalí maladie óyo ebébisaka esíká ya kopomola na káti ya tolo, kasi ekokí mpé kobébisa bisíka misúsu na nzóto. Na bambula 150 óyo eleki na [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]], moto moko na kati ya bato 8 óyo bazalaki kokufa ezalaki mpo ya TB. Kasi na bambula ya 1980, maladie yango emonanaki mingi lisusu te, mpoya bato kozala na ndako ya malamu, koliya malamu mpe koyeba noki na kotiya pembeni baye bazali kobela mpo bazua lobiko noki. Kasi TB esili naino libela te. Ya soolo, TB ezali maladie enyokoloko mingi mokili mikolo oyo. Mbula oyo eleki batu mingi bakufaki na TB-8,000 na mokolo moko- koleka na bambula nyonso oyo esieleki. Na bambula 20 oyo eleki, TB ebandi komata malembemalembe na Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ. Sikoyo bato 7,000 bazuaka yango na mbula moko – wana koloba moto moko na kati ya bato 10,000 na mboka mobimba. Buku oyo eyebisaka likolo ya maladie yango, ndenge ya koyeba yango, lobiko na yango, mpe elakisaka ndenge ezali na mboka na biso na kokokisa yango na ndenge ezalaka na mokili mobimba. Buku oyo mpe ezui batoli ya sika mpoya mopekisi ya BCG na UK, mpe babuku misusu na sango oyo nyonso ekosalisa koyeba makambo ya maladi yango na bawebsite. == Tuberculose ezali nini? == [[Image:TB AFB smear.jpg|thumb|right|tuberculose]] '''Tuberculose (TB)''' ezali maladie ya mabe oyo ekoki kovimbisa nakati ya moto ya mwana, na Angle [[TB meningitis]]. Mpona bato bakolo, mbala mingi ebebisaka esika ya kopomola, kasi ekoki kobebisa mpe mikua, nakati ya moto to bisika misusu. Awa na mboka na biso, bato mingi baye bazuaka TB babikaka, kasi esengi sanza mingi mpo babika. TB ezali maladie ya makasi, kasi ebikaka, ewutaka na 'Mycobacterium Tuberculosis' tuberculosis to M. Tb na mokuse). Mbala mingi ekotaka na tolo esika ya kopumola Angle 'pulmonary TB') kasi ekoki mpe kokota bisika misusu na nzoto lokola nakati kingo, mikua to biloko na libumu. Ekoki mpe kopesa meningite. Maladie mosusu, M. bovis, ekokani na TB kasi yango ezuaka banyama, mbala mingi gombe ('bovine TB'). M. bovis mpe ekoki kozua moto lokola kala, tango bato bayebaki naino te ndenge ya kobatela mabele <pasteurisation> to koluka TB na gombe. == Tuberculose moto azuaka ndenge nini? == Nzela oyo monene ya kozua TB nde ewutaka na moto oyo azali na yango na nzoto naye, oyo azali kokolola. Soki akololi abimisaka maladie nakati ya soyi. Soki moto ozui soyi yango na tango ya kopomola, wana okoki kozua TB. Soyi yango ekoki kovanda na mopepe na tango molayi kasi wana mbala mingi epesaka maladie te. Nzela oyo monene ezali kaka soki ozalaka mpene mpe mpona tango molayi na moto oyo azali na yango. == Tuberculose ezalaka bisika mingi? == Nakati ya [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] na bambula ya 1950, batu koleka 50,000 bazalaki kozua TB na mbula moko. Mikolo oyo ezongi ti batu 7,000 baye bazuaka na mbula moko, kasi soki okokisi yango na bambula ya 1990, tango wana ezalaki bato 5,500. Yango okomona te ezali komata lisusu. Wana omoni te kozua TB ezali noki te, kasi ebongi ozala ekenge na ndenge ya koyeba yango mpo, na mokili mobimba TB ezali bisika mingi. Lokola batu mingi batambolaka na mokili, bango bakoki kozua yango mpe bakotisi yango na mboka na biso. == Tuberculose emonanaka ndenge nini? == Tuberculose ekoki kobebisa esika nyonso ya nzoto, ndenge wana, ndenge ekomonana na mwana ekeseni na oyo ya moto mokolo. Lokola tuberculose ewutaka na bato, malamu oyebaka moto oyo azali na yango. Malamu omona dokotolo soki mwana na yo to ndeko alakisaka biloko oyo tokomi na nse: * [[Kokolola]] mpona koleka mposo misatu * [[Fɛ́fɛlɛ]] * Kotoko na mbutu * [[Kokondo]] * Kolemba nzoto noki * Kokolola [[makila]] == Mpona nini mwana na ngai bapesa ye Bacillus Calmette-Guérin? == Na Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ, lokola na bamboka misusu, [[Bacillus Calmette-Guérin]] bapesaka na bana baye bazali mpene ya bato oyo bakoki kozala na TB. Wana ezali mpo bana yango bavandaka bisika ya bato mingi ya TB, ezala baboti to bankoko bauti bisika bato mingi babelaka TB. Na mokuse mbala mingi bana oyo bavandaka na cite ya masikini. Mobateli yango bapesaka na tango mwana abotami kasi bakopesaka mpe na tango nyonso oyo ebongi. == Bamboka oyo ezalaka na babeli mingi ya Tuberculose == [[Image:Flu Vaccine.jpg|thumb|right|Mbala mingi mwana nayo bakobeta ye tonga ya BCG na loboko ya mwasi mpene na lipeka.]] Bamboka oyo tokoma na nse ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB. Soki eyano na yo ya mituni na biso ezali 'oui' 'íyo', sala noki opesa mwana nayo azua [[Bacillus Calmette-Guérin]] soki azui naino te. * Yo, bandeko nayo to tata ya mwana na yo awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Yo na mwana nayo bokokende kovanda koleka sanza moko to bokotambola mingi na mboka nakati ya oyo totangi na nse? * Nakati ya ndako nayo, to mpene nayo, azali moto oyo akozala mpene na mwana nayo na tango mingi, oyo azali na TB to azalaki na yango kala, to awuti na mboka moko nakati ya oyo to tangi? == Nzela nini ya koyeba Tuberculose? == Lokola TB ekotaka bisika mingi na nzoto, nzela ya komona yango mpe ezali ndenge na ndenge. TB oyo eyebani mingi nde ya kokolola 'pulmonary TB'. Moto oyo azali na yango akolakisa: * kozanga mposa ya koliya na kokondo * kokolola oyo emataka makasi sima ya mposo mine na koleka to basenza * kobimisa soyi mingi; akoki mpe kokolola makila soki nzela ya makila epasuki * komiyoka nzoto elembi tango nyonso * kozala na fɛ́fɛlɛ, mbala mingi na mbutu, oyo epesi kotoko mingi == TB epanzaka ndenge nini? == Nzela ya kopanza TB yango kaka moko: baye bazali na yango nakati ya tolo to na mongongo. Mayi oyo ebimaka na monoko na kokolola nakati ya mopepe nde ezali na maladie. Kasi oyeba te tango mosusu baoyo bazali na yango bakoki te kopanza yango. == Kozua TB ezalaka noki, to makasi? == Penza, ezalaka makasi moto azua TB, mpe esengi tango molayi to kokutana mbala mingi na moto oyo azali na yango, lokola kovanda na ndako moko. Ata ndenge wana, basusu, ata soki bazui TB, bango bakobelaka te. Bato mingi (toloba 9 na kati ya 10) baye bazali na nzoto kolongono, soki bazui yango bakobela te. Baye 10% batikali bakobela, kasi mbala mingi noki te, kasi na sima ata ya bambula 10 na koleka (Comstock, 1982). Wana esalamaka mpo maladie yango ekoki kovanda na nzoto ya moto lokola elali bambula mpe moto azali kobela te. Maladie ekolamuka na sima ya bambula, mbala mingi soki nzoto ezangi komibatela (immunite), lokola moto mobange, bankisi misusu, kobela lokola [[Sida]] to kovanda na mizele. Mpona 10% baye bakobelaka TB, tango ya mabe ezalaka soki ekomi naino mbula mibale te banda bazui yango. Kati ya 1 na 5% ya baye bazui TB babelaka noki wuta bazui yango (Styblo et al., 1969; Sutherland et al., 1976; 1982). Wana babengaka yango kobela mbala moko, na Angle 'primary disease', mpe mbala mingi ezalaka na bana. 'Primary TB' mbala mingi ekoleka emonana te, mpe ekobika yango moko ata soki moto ameli nkisi te, kasi ekoki kozonga sima ya bambula. Ekotika elembo moke nakati ya tolo, na ndenge emonanaka na Rayon-X. == Kozua TB na kobela TB bikeseni? == Mpona bato mingi baoyo bakozua TB, [[mobateli|mibateli]] ya nzoto (immunite) ekobunda kino kosilisa to kokanga emata te. Ndenge wana maladie ekotikala kolala, kasi ezali naino na bomoyi, mpe ekobima lisusu na sima. Ya ndenge oyo babengaka 'latent TB infection'. Baye bazali na latent TB infection: * emonanaka te * bakoyoka kobela te * bakoki kopanza na basusu te * Mbala mingi soki bameki loposo, ekomonana te bazali na yango * Bakoki kobela TB na sima ya bambula Baye bazali kobela TB (‘active TB’) bakolakisaka biloko oyo tokomaki na 'Nzela nini ya koyeba TB'. == TB mabe na yango penza nini? == Soki babikisi te, TB, ata epayi ya bakolo, emataka malembe kino eyi koboma. Mabe mosusu ekopesa meningite. Nzela mosusu, soki babikisi te, nde kobimisa makila tango ya kokolola. TB ekokoma ndongo soki emeseni nkisi, mpo ndenge ya kobikisa ezalaka makasi. Nakati ya [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]], TB, ebomaka bato 350 na mbula moko, mingi nakati ya bango mibange, kasi bana mpe bazalaka. Bisika bato bavandaka na bandako oyo ekoki te, na mokili mobimba, bato mingi bakufaka na TB koleka oyo ya UK. == TB bakoki kopekisa na mobateli ''vaccination''? == Mobateli ezali ya BCG. Tango mosusu epekisaka TB te. Kasi esalisaka mpona bana baoyo bazali kobela meningite 'TB meningitis' (Rodrigues et al., 1993). Nakati ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ, BCG tango ya kala bazalaki kopesa bana nyonso ya kelasi. Kasi lokola ndenge ya TB ebaluki, Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ ekamati nzela ya kolanda bato moke baoyo bakozala na yango. Mobateli ya BCG ekeseni kolanda epayi okozala na UK, mpo TB ekozala mingi esika moko kasi ezali te esika mosusu. BCG bapesaka bana oyo bavandaka bisika ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB koleka bisika misusu, likolo ya oyo, bapesaka na bana babotami na mboka oyo ezali na bato mingi ya TB. Bapesaka mpe na bana kelasi ya mbula 10 kino 14 soki bazui BCG na kala te. == Soki olingi kokende na mboka mopaya ebongi ozua mobateli ya BCG? == Soki azuaki BCG kala te esengi moto azua yango soki alingi kotambola, kovanda to kosala mosala mpona sanza moko to koleka, na mboka oyo ezalaka na bato mingi ya TB (Immunisation against Infectious Disease, 1996). == Mobateli ya BCG ezali nini? == [[Mobateli]] ya [[Bacillus Calmette-Guérin]] (BCG) ezali maladie ya TB oyo ezuaka gombe [[Mycobacterium bovis]]. Nakati ya BCG maladie ya TB ezalaka, kasi bakangi yango epesa kobela te. Kasi mpona baye bazangi mobateli ya nzoto, lokola bato ya [[Sida]], mpona bango BCG ekoki kopesa maladie tango mosusu. BCG batiyaka yango na tonga ya moke na loposo. == Mpona nini, moto liboso ya kopesa ye BCG, ebongi bameka loposo naye? == Moto nyonso oyo azali na sanza 12 to koleka wana, bakomekaka loposo naye liboso ya kopesa ye [[Bacillus Calmette-Guérin|mobateli ya BCG]]. Wana ezali mpona koyeba soki mobateli ya nzoto (immunite) emeseni na TB. Nzela ya koyeba nde kobeta tonga ya [[tuberculin]] – mayi ya proteine basali wuta na 'M. tuberculosis' – na kati ya loposo. Sima ya mikolo 2 - 10, na ndenge ya tonga yango, bakotala esika babeti yango. Soki esika babeti tonga evimbi mpe, ekomi lokola makila, wana elakisi te maladie ezali. Ndenge wana ebongi lisusu te bapesa moto BCG, mpo akozala asiazui TB to maladie mosusu ya ndenge wana. Soki nzoto naye elakisi kozala na maladie ya makasi, wana esengi bameka ye na nzela misusu koyeba soki penza asiazui to abandi kobela TB. Bana oyo bakokisi naino sanza 12 te, bango bazali na posa te ya komeka loposo, liboso ya kozua BCG. == Tuberculose babikisaka yango ndenge nini? == Mbala mingi TB ekoki kobika, kasi moto ebongi asilisa nkisi ya sanza 6 to koleka. Baye babelaka TB mbala mingi bakotaka na opital te. Ata soki bakoti, wana ekozala mpona koyeba soki penza bazali na maladie yango to mpo babanda kozua nkisi. Ata boye, bato ya TB esengi bazala mpene na efimiele ya tolo, tango nyonso ya kozua nkisi mpo bazua yango na ndenge ekoki, mpe soki likambo ya mabe ezali, basala noki moto atika te kozua nkisi. Nzela oyo tomeseni, ezali ya kozua nkisi 'antibiotics' misatu to mine mbala moko mpona sanza mibale, nde sima na yango nkisi mibale mpona sanza mine misusu. Nkisi mine minene ya TB ezali [[isoniazid]], [[rifampicin]], [[pyrazinamide]] na [[ethambutol]]. Eyaka elongo mpona kosalisa soki maladie emeseni nkisi moko, misusu ebunda. Ata boye, maladie ebandi komesana nkisi ya ndenge nyonso. Mbala mingi nkisi esalaka lisusu te mpo moto azalaki kozua yango na ndenge ekoki te, to azuaki yango na ndenge ya mabe to moto asilisaki te kozua nkisi (Conaty et al., 2004). Mikolo oyo batiyaka nkisi mibale to koleka na kati ya na komprime moko. Moto akomela komprime mine to koleka, mokolo moko. Tango mosusu esengi moto azua nkisi mikolo mingi, lokola maladie ya [[TB meningitis]], to soki maladie ebandi komesana na nkisi moko to mibale, wana esengi kobalula nkisi. Soki moto abandi nkisi mpona poso mibale, wana akoki lisusu kopanza TB te, mpe akobanda komiyoka malamu sima ya poso mine. Kasi esengi sanza motoba ya kozua nkisi mpo moto abika. == Tosala nini soki moto azalaka mpene na moto ya TB? == Tango bakuti moto azali na TB, dokotolo akotala soki baye bavandaka naye bakoki kozua yango. Soki emonani te moto akoki kopanza yango, to mwana azali na yango, kasi eyebani te azui yango wapi, wana baye bazalaka mpene naye bakobenga bango mpo bameka eyebana soki bango mpe bazali na yango. Bato wana bakozala bandeko to baye bavandaka na ndako moko. Tango mosusu baninga, lokola baye basalaka elongo, mpe bakobenga bango, kasi mbala mingi tina ya kosala yango ekozala te. Ezalaka mbala mingi te mwana apanza TB – kasi kobela na bango elakisaka te moto mokolo oyo azali kobela TB, azali mpene na mwana wana. Komeka mpona bandeko tina yango koyeba baye basi bazui TB to baye basi babandi kobela. Komeka basalaka na loposo to na Rayon-X. Na kati ya UK mbala mingi soki bameki loposo, elakisaka te moto asiazui maladie (loposo kovimbal mpe kozala lokola makila esika babetaki tonga), kasi wana ezali mpo bazuaki mobateli ya BCG. Soki loposo soolo ezali. Soki TB emonani, wana moto bamemi ye na dokotolo mpe bakopesa ye nkisi ya TB. == Na mokili mobimba == TB ebomaki bato 100 million na bambula 100 oyo eleki, yango Organisation Mondial de Sante eti yango lokola maladie oyo ya koboma bato mingi na mokili 'Global Health Emergency' na 1993 (WHO 1). Emonani lokola 33% ya bato nyonso na mokili bazali na yango. Na mbula moko, bato 9 million ya sika bazuaka yango (WHO 2). Tango nyonso moto moko azuaka yango na second moko. Mpona bato mingi ata soki bazui TB mobateli ya nzoto na bango ekoki kokanga yango babela te. Ata boye, TB ebomaka bato 2 million na mokili na mbula moko, moto moko na second 15 (WHO 3). Kati ya bango, 98% bazali bato ya Tiers Monde, mingi na Asie de Sud na Afrika ya bato mwindo (WHO 4). TB ezali ya liboso mpona koboma basi mpe koleka maladie misusu esalaka bana etike bazala mingi. == Nini bazali kosala mpona kokanga TB na mokili mobimba? == Ebongi bato nyonso na mokili babunda na TB. Kokanga yango esika moko ekosalisa soki bakangi yango bisika misusu. WHO eyi na nzela oyo babengaka 'Directly Observed Treatment – Shortcourse' (DOTS) (WHO 5): 1. leta ezala na mposa ya kosalisa 2. nzela ya komeka bato mpo eyabana soki bazali na TB 3. nzela oyo ebandimi ya kozua nkisi ya sanza 6 mpona babeli mpe moto ya kotala te bato bazali kozua nkisi na ndenge ebongi 4. Moto atika te komela nkisi kino abiki, mpe nkisi yango ezala oyo ebongi 5. Kotiya na buku nzela ekoki ya kozua nkisi mpo na sima eyebana ndenge bapesaki nkisi [[af:Tuberkulose]] [[ar:سل]] [[bn:যক্ষ্মা]] [[bs:Tuberkuloza]] [[ca:Tuberculosi]] [[cs:Tuberkulosa]] [[da:Tuberkulose]] [[de:Tuberkulose]] [[en:Tuberculosis]] [[eo:Tuberkulozo]] [[es:Tuberculosis]] [[eu:Tuberkulosi]] [[fi:Tuberkuloosi]] [[fr:Tuberculose]] [[ga:Eitinn]] [[gd:A' Chaitheamh]] [[gl:Tuberculose]] [[he:שחפת]] [[hr:Tuberkuloza]] [[hu:Tuberkulózis]] [[id:Tuberkulosa]] [[io:Tuberkulozo]] [[it:Tubercolosi]] [[ja:結核]] [[ko:결핵]] [[lt:Tuberkuliozė]] [[ms:Penyakit Batuk Kering]] [[mt:Tuberkulożi]] [[nl:Tuberculose]] [[nn:Tuberkulose]] [[no:Tuberkulose]] [[pl:Gruźlica]] [[pt:Tuberculose]] [[ru:Туберкулёз]] [[sh:Tuberkuloza]] [[simple:Tuberculosis]] [[sl:Tuberkuloza]] [[sr:Туберкулоза]] [[su:Tuberkulosis]] [[sv:Tuberkulos]] [[tr:Tüberküloz]] [[uk:Туберкульоз]] [[vi:Lao]] [[wa:Pitizeye des djins]] [[zh:肺結核]] [[zh-min-nan:Hì-lô-pēⁿ]] User:Korg 1782 6089 2005-09-02T03:59:38Z Korg 30 {{Babel-4|fr|en-2|de-1|ln-0}} Bonjour ! :) Je passerai de temps en temps ici pour ajouter quelques liens inter-langues ou corriger quelques fôtes... [[:fr:Utilisateur:Korg]] [[fr:Utilisateur:Korg]] 6090 2005-09-02T04:01:25Z Korg 30 {{Babel-4|fr|en-2|de-1|ln-0}} Bonjour ! :) Je passerai de temps en temps ici pour ajouter quelques liens inter-langues... [[:fr:Utilisateur:Korg]] [[fr:Utilisateur:Korg]] 6093 2005-09-02T04:15:38Z Korg 30 {{Babel-4|fr|en-2|de-1|ln-0}} Bonjour ! :) Je viens de la [[:fr:Accueil|Wikipédia francophone]] et je passerai quelquefois ici pour ajouter des liens inter-langues ou améliorer certaines pages communautaires (je ne peux malheureusement pas contribuer en lingála). Pour me contacter, [[:fr:Discussion Utilisateur:Korg|cliquez ici]] ! [[fr:Utilisateur:Korg]] Talk:Litaue 1785 6099 2005-09-05T09:14:28Z 160.85.2.50 Merci pour cet article, mais ce n'est pas en Lingála. Pouvez vous le traduire s'il vous plaît? Thank you for this article but it is not in Lingála. Would you mind to translate it in the language of this Wikipedia? --[[User:160.85.2.50|160.85.2.50]] 09:14, 5 septembere 2005 (UTC) 6100 2005-09-05T09:14:57Z 160.85.2.50 Merci pour cet article, mais ce n'est pas en Lingála. Pouvez vous le traduire s'il vous plaît? Thank you for this article but it is not in Lingála. Would you mind to translate it in the language of this Wikipedia? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:14, 5 septembere 2005 (UTC) User talk:134.95.93.193 1786 6101 2005-09-05T09:20:07Z 160.85.2.50 Merci pour cet article 'Litaue', mais ce n'est pas en Lingála. Pouvez vous le traduire s'il vous plaît? Thank you for this article 'Litaue' but it is not in Lingála. Would you mind to translate it in the language of this Wikipedia? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:14, 5 septembere 2005 (UTC) Alémani 1787 6104 2005-09-05T09:25:43Z 160.85.2.50 Category:Bisé ya Eropa 6159 2005-09-05T20:42:28Z Moyogo 11 {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] 6571 2005-10-27T09:43:38Z Bombo 12 interwiki {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[de:Deutschland]] [[fr:Allemagne]] 7149 2005-12-03T22:51:59Z Moyogo 11 Bisé ya Eropa {{ndámbo}} '''Alémani''' ezalí [[esé]] o ntéi ya [[Eropa]]. {{Bisé ya Eropa}} [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[de:Deutschland]] [[fr:Allemagne]] 7194 2005-12-05T11:52:38Z Bombo 12 infobox_country (five words with * are not in ln) {{infobox_country| nkómbó = Rebubliki Fedelali ya Alémani | nkómbó_na_lokóta = Bundesrepublik Deutschland | image_flag = Flag of Germany.svg|140px | image_coat = Bundesadler.png|85px | image_map = LocationGermanyInEurope.png|none|320px | mokáno = (none)| loyémbo = [[...]] (Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit) | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Lialémani]]; nkótá ya *minorité [[*Dänisch]], [[*Sorbisch]], [[*Niederdeutsch]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo =| engúmba_mokonzi = [[Berlin]] (engúmba mokonzi fedelali) |latd=52|latm=31|latNS=N|longd=13|longm=23|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Berlin]] | government_type = | leader_titles = | leader_names = [[Horst Köhler]] <small>([[Mokambi ekolo]])</small><br> [[Angela Merkel]] <small>([[*Chancelier]])</small>| area = 357 031|area_rank=61nd|area_magnitude=1 E10|percent_water=4.2| population_estimate = 82 501 000|population_estimate_year=2004|population_estimate_rank=14nd | population_density = 231|population_density_rank=35th | population_census = 82 501 000|population_census_year=2004| GDP_PPP = $2498 billion| GDP_PPP_year=2005|BOKABO_PPP_rank=5th| GDP_nominal = $2498 billion| GDP_nominal_year=2005| GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30 150| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=17th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $35 075| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=17rd| HDI_year=2004| HDI=| HDI_rank=th| HDI_category=<font color="#009900">high</font>| sovereignty_type = [[Lipandá]] | established_events =- Bikólo ya Alémani ya Molɔngɔ́<br> - Republiki Fedelali <br>- "Este" mpé "Weste" bînsɔ | established_dates =<br> [[18 yanuari]] [[1871]]<br> [[23 may]] [[1949]]<br>[[3 oktobele]] [[1990]]| mosɔlɔ = [[Euro]]|currency_code=EUR| ngonga = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | ngonga_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.de]] |calling_code = 49| footnotes = | }} '''Alémani''' ezalí [[esé]] o ntéi ya [[Eropa]]. {{ndámbo}} {{Bisé ya Eropa}} [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[de:Deutschland]] [[fr:Allemagne]] 8074 2006-04-25T20:13:01Z 84.189.250.190 {{infobox_country| nkómbó = Rebubliki Fedelali ya Alémani | nkómbó_na_lokóta = Bundesrepublik Deutschland | image_flag = Flag of Germany.svg|140px | image_coat = Coat of Arms of Germany.svg|85px | image_map = LocationGermanyInEurope.png|none|320px | mokáno = (none)| loyémbo = [[...]] (Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit) | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Lialémani]]; nkótá ya *minorité [[*Dänisch]], [[*Sorbisch]], [[*Niederdeutsch]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo =| engúmba_mokonzi = [[Berlin]] (engúmba mokonzi fedelali) |latd=52|latm=31|latNS=N|longd=13|longm=23|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Berlin]] | government_type = | leader_titles = | leader_names = [[Horst Köhler]] <small>([[Mokambi ekolo]])</small><br> [[Angela Merkel]] <small>([[*Chancelier]])</small>| area = 357 031|area_rank=61nd|area_magnitude=1 E10|percent_water=4.2| population_estimate = 82 501 000|population_estimate_year=2004|population_estimate_rank=14nd | population_density = 231|population_density_rank=35th | population_census = 82 501 000|population_census_year=2004| GDP_PPP = $2498 billion| GDP_PPP_year=2005|BOKABO_PPP_rank=5th| GDP_nominal = $2498 billion| GDP_nominal_year=2005| GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30 150| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=17th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $35 075| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=17rd| HDI_year=2004| HDI=| HDI_rank=th| HDI_category=<font color="#009900">high</font>| sovereignty_type = [[Lipandá]] | established_events =- Bikólo ya Alémani ya Molɔngɔ́<br> - Republiki Fedelali <br>- "Este" mpé "Weste" bînsɔ | established_dates =<br> [[18 yanuari]] [[1871]]<br> [[23 may]] [[1949]]<br>[[3 oktobele]] [[1990]]| mosɔlɔ = [[Euro]]|currency_code=EUR| ngonga = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | ngonga_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.de]] |calling_code = 49| footnotes = | }} '''Alémani''' ezalí [[esé]] o ntéi ya [[Eropa]]. {{ndámbo}} {{Bisé ya Eropa}} [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[de:Deutschland]] [[fr:Allemagne]] 8102 2006-05-06T14:08:15Z 88.224.13.181 {{infobox_country| nkómbó = Rebubliki Fedelali ya Alémani | nkómbó_na_lokóta = Bundesrepublik Deutschland | image_flag = Flag of Germany.svg|140px | image_coat = Coat of Arms of Germany.svg|85px | image_map = LocationGermanyInEurope.png|none|320px | mokáno = (none)| loyémbo = [[...]] (Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit) | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Lialémani]]; nkótá ya *minorité [[*Dänisch]], [[*Sorbisch]], [[*Niederdeutsch]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo =| engúmba_mokonzi = [[Berlin]] (engúmba mokonzi fedelali) |latd=52|latm=31|latNS=N|longd=13|longm=23|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Berlin]] | government_type = | leader_titles = | leader_names = [[Horst Köhler]] <small>([[Mokambi ekolo]])</small><br> [[Angela Merkel]] <small>([[*Chancelier]])</small>| area = 357 031|area_rank=61nd|area_magnitude=1 E10|percent_water=4.2| population_estimate = 82 501 000|population_estimate_year=2004|population_estimate_rank=14nd | population_density = 231|population_density_rank=35th | population_census = 82 501 000|population_census_year=2004| GDP_PPP = $2498 billion| GDP_PPP_year=2005|BOKABO_PPP_rank=5th| GDP_nominal = $2498 billion| GDP_nominal_year=2005| GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30 150| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=17th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $35 075| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=17rd| HDI_year=2004| HDI=| HDI_rank=th| HDI_category=<font color="#009900">high</font>| sovereignty_type = [[Lipandá]] | established_events =- Bikólo ya Alémani ya Molɔngɔ́<br> - Republiki Fedelali <br>- "Este" mpé "Weste" bînsɔ | established_dates =<br> [[18 yanuari]] [[1871]]<br> [[23 may]] [[1949]]<br>[[3 oktobele]] [[1990]]| mosɔlɔ = [[Euro]]|currency_code=EUR| ngonga = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | ngonga_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.de]] |calling_code = 49| footnotes = | }} '''Alémani''' ezalí [[esé]] o ntéi ya [[Eropa]]. === Nkásá o libándá === * {{en}} [http://www.germanygate.com Germany] - Portail de Alémani {{ndámbo}} {{Bisé ya Eropa}} [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[de:Deutschland]] [[fr:Allemagne]] 8104 2006-05-06T20:38:57Z Robbot 14 robot Ajoute: af, als, an, ang, ar, ast, az, be, bg, br, bs, ca, cs, cv, cy, da, el, en, eo, es, et, eu, fa, fi, fiu-vro, fo, frp, fur, fy, ga, gl, gn, he, hi, hr, hu, ia, id, io, is, it, ja, jv, ka, kn, ko, ku, kw, la, lb, li, lt, lv, mi, mk, mo, m {{infobox_country| nkómbó = Rebubliki Fedelali ya Alémani | nkómbó_na_lokóta = Bundesrepublik Deutschland | image_flag = Flag of Germany.svg|140px | image_coat = Coat of Arms of Germany.svg|85px | image_map = LocationGermanyInEurope.png|none|320px | mokáno = (none)| loyémbo = [[...]] (Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit) | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Lialémani]]; nkótá ya *minorité [[*Dänisch]], [[*Sorbisch]], [[*Niederdeutsch]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo =| engúmba_mokonzi = [[Berlin]] (engúmba mokonzi fedelali) |latd=52|latm=31|latNS=N|longd=13|longm=23|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Berlin]] | government_type = | leader_titles = | leader_names = [[Horst Köhler]] <small>([[Mokambi ekolo]])</small><br> [[Angela Merkel]] <small>([[*Chancelier]])</small>| area = 357 031|area_rank=61nd|area_magnitude=1 E10|percent_water=4.2| population_estimate = 82 501 000|population_estimate_year=2004|population_estimate_rank=14nd | population_density = 231|population_density_rank=35th | population_census = 82 501 000|population_census_year=2004| GDP_PPP = $2498 billion| GDP_PPP_year=2005|BOKABO_PPP_rank=5th| GDP_nominal = $2498 billion| GDP_nominal_year=2005| GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30 150| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=17th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $35 075| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=17rd| HDI_year=2004| HDI=| HDI_rank=th| HDI_category=<font color="#009900">high</font>| sovereignty_type = [[Lipandá]] | established_events =- Bikólo ya Alémani ya Molɔngɔ́<br> - Republiki Fedelali <br>- "Este" mpé "Weste" bînsɔ | established_dates =<br> [[18 yanuari]] [[1871]]<br> [[23 may]] [[1949]]<br>[[3 oktobele]] [[1990]]| mosɔlɔ = [[Euro]]|currency_code=EUR| ngonga = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | ngonga_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.de]] |calling_code = 49| footnotes = | }} '''Alémani''' ezalí [[esé]] o ntéi ya [[Eropa]]. === Nkásá o libándá === * {{en}} [http://www.germanygate.com Germany] - Portail de Alémani {{ndámbo}} {{Bisé ya Eropa}} [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[af:Duitsland]] [[als:Deutschland]] [[an:Alemaña]] [[ang:Þēodiscland]] [[ar:ألمانيا]] [[ast:Alemaña]] [[az:Almaniya]] [[be:Нямеччына]] [[bg:Германия]] [[br:Alamagn]] [[bs:Njemačka]] [[ca:Alemanya]] [[cs:Německo]] [[cv:Германи]] [[cy:Yr Almaen]] [[da:Tyskland]] [[de:Deutschland]] [[el:Γερμανία]] [[en:Germany]] [[eo:Germanio]] [[es:Alemania]] [[et:Saksamaa]] [[eu:Alemania]] [[fa:آلمان]] [[fi:Saksa]] [[fiu-vro:S'aksamaa]] [[fo:Týskland]] [[fr:Allemagne]] [[frp:Alemagne]] [[fur:Gjermanie]] [[fy:Dútslân]] [[ga:An Ghearmáin]] [[gl:Alemaña - Deutschland]] [[gn:Alemaña]] [[he:גרמניה]] [[hi:जर्मनी]] [[hr:Njemačka]] [[hu:Németország]] [[ia:Germania]] [[id:Jerman]] [[io:Germania]] [[is:Þýskaland]] [[it:Germania]] [[ja:ドイツ]] [[jv:Jerman]] [[ka:გერმანია]] [[kn:ಜರ್ಮನಿ]] [[ko:독일]] [[ku:Almanya]] [[kw:Almayn]] [[la:Germania]] [[lb:Däitschland]] [[li:Duutsland]] [[lt:Vokietija]] [[lv:Vācija]] [[mi:Tiamana]] [[mk:Германија]] [[mo:Ӂермания]] [[mr:जर्मनी]] [[ms:Jerman]] [[mt:Ġermanja]] [[na:Germany]] [[nah:Alemantlān]] [[nds:Düütschland]] [[nds-nl:Duutslaand]] [[nl:Duitsland]] [[nn:Tyskland]] [[no:Tyskland]] [[nrm:Allemangne]] [[oc:Alemanha]] [[os:Герман]] [[pdc:Deitschland]] [[pl:Niemcy]] [[ps:جرمني/آلمان]] [[pt:Alemanha]] [[rm:Germania]] [[ro:Germania]] [[roa-rup:Ghirmânii]] [[ru:Германия]] [[sc:Zermània]] [[scn:Girmania]] [[se:Duiska]] [[sh:Nemačka]] [[simple:Germany]] [[sk:Nemecko]] [[sl:Nemčija]] [[sq:Gjermania]] [[sr:Немачка]] [[st:Tôitšhi]] [[sv:Tyskland]] [[ta:ஜெர்மனி]] [[th:สหพันธ์สาธารณรัฐเยอรมนี]] [[tl:Alemanya]] [[tpi:Siaman]] [[tr:Almanya]] [[uk:Німеччина]] [[uz:Germaniya]] [[vec:Germania]] [[vi:Đức]] [[yi:דייטשלאנד]] [[zh:德国]] [[zh-min-nan:Tek-kok]] [[zu:Germany]] 8291 2006-05-29T10:54:00Z Moyogo 11 {{infobox_country| nkómbó = Rebubliki Fedelali ya Alémani | nkómbó_na_lokóta = Bundesrepublik Deutschland | image_flag = Flag of Germany.svg|140px | image_coat = Coat of Arms of Germany.svg|85px | image_map = LocationGermanyInEurope.png|none|320px | mokáno = (none)| loyémbo = [[...]] (Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit) | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Lialémani]]; nkótá ya *minorité [[*Dänisch]], [[*Sorbisch]], [[*Niederdeutsch]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo =| engúmba_mokonzi = [[Berlin]] (engúmba mokonzi fedelali) |latd=52|latm=31|latNS=N|longd=13|longm=23|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Berlin]] | loléngé_lɛ́ta = | babengí_mokambi = | nkómbó_mokambi = [[Horst Köhler]] <small>([[Mokambi ekolo]])</small><br> [[Angela Merkel]] <small>([[*Chancelier]])</small>| etando = 357 031|etando_koleka=61nd|etando_bonɛ́nɛ=1 E10|ndámbo_mái=4.2| population_estimate = 82 501 000|population_estimate_year=2004|population_estimate_rank=14nd | population_density = 231|population_density_rank=35th | population_census = 82 501 000|population_census_year=2004| GDP_PPP = $2498 billion| GDP_PPP_year=2005|BOKABO_PPP_rank=5th| GDP_nominal = $2498 billion| GDP_nominal_year=2005| GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30 150| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=17th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $35 075| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=17rd| HDI_year=2004| HDI=| HDI_rank=th| HDI_category=<font color="#009900">high</font>| sovereignty_type = [[Lipandá]] | established_events =- Bikólo ya Alémani ya Molɔngɔ́<br> - Republiki Fedelali <br>- "Este" mpé "Weste" bînsɔ | established_dates =<br> [[18 yanuari]] [[1871]]<br> [[23 may]] [[1949]]<br>[[3 oktobele]] [[1990]]| mosɔlɔ = [[Euro]]|currency_code=EUR| ngonga = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | ngonga_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.de]] |calling_code = 49| footnotes = | }} '''Alémani''' ezalí [[esé]] o ntéi ya [[Eropa]]. === Nkásá o libándá === * {{en}} [http://www.germanygate.com Germany] - Portail de Alémani {{ndámbo}} {{Bisé ya Eropa}} [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[af:Duitsland]] [[als:Deutschland]] [[an:Alemaña]] [[ang:Þēodiscland]] [[ar:ألمانيا]] [[ast:Alemaña]] [[az:Almaniya]] [[be:Нямеччына]] [[bg:Германия]] [[br:Alamagn]] [[bs:Njemačka]] [[ca:Alemanya]] [[cs:Německo]] [[cv:Германи]] [[cy:Yr Almaen]] [[da:Tyskland]] [[de:Deutschland]] [[el:Γερμανία]] [[en:Germany]] [[eo:Germanio]] [[es:Alemania]] [[et:Saksamaa]] [[eu:Alemania]] [[fa:آلمان]] [[fi:Saksa]] [[fiu-vro:S'aksamaa]] [[fo:Týskland]] [[fr:Allemagne]] [[frp:Alemagne]] [[fur:Gjermanie]] [[fy:Dútslân]] [[ga:An Ghearmáin]] [[gl:Alemaña - Deutschland]] [[gn:Alemaña]] [[he:גרמניה]] [[hi:जर्मनी]] [[hr:Njemačka]] [[hu:Németország]] [[ia:Germania]] [[id:Jerman]] [[io:Germania]] [[is:Þýskaland]] [[it:Germania]] [[ja:ドイツ]] [[jv:Jerman]] [[ka:გერმანია]] [[kn:ಜರ್ಮನಿ]] [[ko:독일]] [[ku:Almanya]] [[kw:Almayn]] [[la:Germania]] [[lb:Däitschland]] [[li:Duutsland]] [[lt:Vokietija]] [[lv:Vācija]] [[mi:Tiamana]] [[mk:Германија]] [[mo:Ӂермания]] [[mr:जर्मनी]] [[ms:Jerman]] [[mt:Ġermanja]] [[na:Germany]] [[nah:Alemantlān]] [[nds:Düütschland]] [[nds-nl:Duutslaand]] [[nl:Duitsland]] [[nn:Tyskland]] [[no:Tyskland]] [[nrm:Allemangne]] [[oc:Alemanha]] [[os:Герман]] [[pdc:Deitschland]] [[pl:Niemcy]] [[ps:جرمني/آلمان]] [[pt:Alemanha]] [[rm:Germania]] [[ro:Germania]] [[roa-rup:Ghirmânii]] [[ru:Германия]] [[sc:Zermània]] [[scn:Girmania]] [[se:Duiska]] [[sh:Nemačka]] [[simple:Germany]] [[sk:Nemecko]] [[sl:Nemčija]] [[sq:Gjermania]] [[sr:Немачка]] [[st:Tôitšhi]] [[sv:Tyskland]] [[ta:ஜெர்மனி]] [[th:สหพันธ์สาธารณรัฐเยอรมนี]] [[tl:Alemanya]] [[tpi:Siaman]] [[tr:Almanya]] [[uk:Німеччина]] [[uz:Germaniya]] [[vec:Germania]] [[vi:Đức]] [[yi:דייטשלאנד]] [[zh:德国]] [[zh-min-nan:Tek-kok]] [[zu:Germany]] 8297 2006-05-29T10:56:06Z Moyogo 11 {{infobox_country| nkómbó = Rebubliki Fedelali ya Alémani | nkómbó_na_lokóta = Bundesrepublik Deutschland | image_flag = Flag of Germany.svg|140px | image_coat = Coat of Arms of Germany.svg|85px | image_map = LocationGermanyInEurope.png|none|320px | mokáno = (none)| loyémbo = [[...]] (Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit) | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Lialémani]]; nkótá ya *minorité [[*Dänisch]], [[*Sorbisch]], [[*Niederdeutsch]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo =| mbóka_mokonzi = [[Berlin]] (engúmba mokonzi fedelali) |latd=52|latm=31|latNS=N|longd=13|longm=23|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Berlin]] | loléngé_lɛ́ta = | babengí_mokambi = | nkómbó_mokambi = [[Horst Köhler]] <small>([[Mokambi ekolo]])</small><br> [[Angela Merkel]] <small>([[*Chancelier]])</small>| etando = 357 031|etando_koleka=61nd|etando_bonɛ́nɛ=1 E10|ndámbo_mái=4.2| population_estimate = 82 501 000|population_estimate_year=2004|population_estimate_rank=14nd | population_density = 231|population_density_rank=35th | population_census = 82 501 000|population_census_year=2004| GDP_PPP = $2498 billion| GDP_PPP_year=2005|BOKABO_PPP_rank=5th| GDP_nominal = $2498 billion| GDP_nominal_year=2005| GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30 150| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=17th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $35 075| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=17rd| HDI_year=2004| HDI=| HDI_rank=th| HDI_category=<font color="#009900">high</font>| sovereignty_type = [[Lipandá]] | established_events =- Bikólo ya Alémani ya Molɔngɔ́<br> - Republiki Fedelali <br>- "Este" mpé "Weste" bînsɔ | established_dates =<br> [[18 yanuari]] [[1871]]<br> [[23 may]] [[1949]]<br>[[3 oktobele]] [[1990]]| mosɔlɔ = [[Euro]]|currency_code=EUR| ngonga = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | ngonga_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.de]] |calling_code = 49| footnotes = | }} '''Alémani''' ezalí [[esé]] o ntéi ya [[Eropa]]. === Nkásá o libándá === * {{en}} [http://www.germanygate.com Germany] - Portail de Alémani {{ndámbo}} {{Bisé ya Eropa}} [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[af:Duitsland]] [[als:Deutschland]] [[an:Alemaña]] [[ang:Þēodiscland]] [[ar:ألمانيا]] [[ast:Alemaña]] [[az:Almaniya]] [[be:Нямеччына]] [[bg:Германия]] [[br:Alamagn]] [[bs:Njemačka]] [[ca:Alemanya]] [[cs:Německo]] [[cv:Германи]] [[cy:Yr Almaen]] [[da:Tyskland]] [[de:Deutschland]] [[el:Γερμανία]] [[en:Germany]] [[eo:Germanio]] [[es:Alemania]] [[et:Saksamaa]] [[eu:Alemania]] [[fa:آلمان]] [[fi:Saksa]] [[fiu-vro:S'aksamaa]] [[fo:Týskland]] [[fr:Allemagne]] [[frp:Alemagne]] [[fur:Gjermanie]] [[fy:Dútslân]] [[ga:An Ghearmáin]] [[gl:Alemaña - Deutschland]] [[gn:Alemaña]] [[he:גרמניה]] [[hi:जर्मनी]] [[hr:Njemačka]] [[hu:Németország]] [[ia:Germania]] [[id:Jerman]] [[io:Germania]] [[is:Þýskaland]] [[it:Germania]] [[ja:ドイツ]] [[jv:Jerman]] [[ka:გერმანია]] [[kn:ಜರ್ಮನಿ]] [[ko:독일]] [[ku:Almanya]] [[kw:Almayn]] [[la:Germania]] [[lb:Däitschland]] [[li:Duutsland]] [[lt:Vokietija]] [[lv:Vācija]] [[mi:Tiamana]] [[mk:Германија]] [[mo:Ӂермания]] [[mr:जर्मनी]] [[ms:Jerman]] [[mt:Ġermanja]] [[na:Germany]] [[nah:Alemantlān]] [[nds:Düütschland]] [[nds-nl:Duutslaand]] [[nl:Duitsland]] [[nn:Tyskland]] [[no:Tyskland]] [[nrm:Allemangne]] [[oc:Alemanha]] [[os:Герман]] [[pdc:Deitschland]] [[pl:Niemcy]] [[ps:جرمني/آلمان]] [[pt:Alemanha]] [[rm:Germania]] [[ro:Germania]] [[roa-rup:Ghirmânii]] [[ru:Германия]] [[sc:Zermània]] [[scn:Girmania]] [[se:Duiska]] [[sh:Nemačka]] [[simple:Germany]] [[sk:Nemecko]] [[sl:Nemčija]] [[sq:Gjermania]] [[sr:Немачка]] [[st:Tôitšhi]] [[sv:Tyskland]] [[ta:ஜெர்மனி]] [[th:สหพันธ์สาธารณรัฐเยอรมนี]] [[tl:Alemanya]] [[tpi:Siaman]] [[tr:Almanya]] [[uk:Німеччина]] [[uz:Germaniya]] [[vec:Germania]] [[vi:Đức]] [[yi:דייטשלאנד]] [[zh:德国]] [[zh-min-nan:Tek-kok]] [[zu:Germany]] 8300 2006-05-29T10:59:33Z Moyogo 11 {{infobox_Esé| nkómbó = Rebubliki Fedelali ya Alémani | nkómbó_na_lokóta = Bundesrepublik Deutschland | image_flag = Flag of Germany.svg|140px | image_coat = Coat of Arms of Germany.svg|85px | image_map = LocationGermanyInEurope.png|none|320px | mokáno = (none)| loyémbo = [[...]] (Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit) | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Lialémani]]; nkótá ya *minorité [[*Dänisch]], [[*Sorbisch]], [[*Niederdeutsch]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo =| mbóka_mokonzi = [[Berlin]] (engúmba mokonzi fedelali) |latd=52|latm=31|latNS=N|longd=13|longm=23|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Berlin]] | loléngé_lɛ́ta = | babengí_mokambi = | nkómbó_mokambi = [[Horst Köhler]] <small>([[Mokambi ekolo]])</small><br> [[Angela Merkel]] <small>([[*Chancelier]])</small>| etando = 357 031|etando_koleka=61nd|etando_bonɛ́nɛ=1 E10|ndámbo_mái=4.2| population_estimate = 82 501 000|population_estimate_year=2004|population_estimate_rank=14nd | population_density = 231|population_density_rank=35th | population_census = 82 501 000|population_census_year=2004| GDP_PPP = $2498 billion| GDP_PPP_year=2005|BOKABO_PPP_rank=5th| GDP_nominal = $2498 billion| GDP_nominal_year=2005| GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30 150| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=17th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $35 075| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=17rd| HDI_year=2004| HDI=| HDI_rank=th| HDI_category=<font color="#009900">high</font>| sovereignty_type = [[Lipandá]] | established_events =- Bikólo ya Alémani ya Molɔngɔ́<br> - Republiki Fedelali <br>- "Este" mpé "Weste" bînsɔ | established_dates =<br> [[18 yanuari]] [[1871]]<br> [[23 may]] [[1949]]<br>[[3 oktobele]] [[1990]]| mosɔlɔ = [[Euro]]|currency_code=EUR| ngonga = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | ngonga_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.de]] |calling_code = 49| footnotes = | }} '''Alémani''' ezalí [[esé]] o ntéi ya [[Eropa]]. === Nkásá o libándá === * {{en}} [http://www.germanygate.com Germany] - Portail de Alémani {{ndámbo}} {{Bisé ya Eropa}} [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[af:Duitsland]] [[als:Deutschland]] [[an:Alemaña]] [[ang:Þēodiscland]] [[ar:ألمانيا]] [[ast:Alemaña]] [[az:Almaniya]] [[be:Нямеччына]] [[bg:Германия]] [[br:Alamagn]] [[bs:Njemačka]] [[ca:Alemanya]] [[cs:Německo]] [[cv:Германи]] [[cy:Yr Almaen]] [[da:Tyskland]] [[de:Deutschland]] [[el:Γερμανία]] [[en:Germany]] [[eo:Germanio]] [[es:Alemania]] [[et:Saksamaa]] [[eu:Alemania]] [[fa:آلمان]] [[fi:Saksa]] [[fiu-vro:S'aksamaa]] [[fo:Týskland]] [[fr:Allemagne]] [[frp:Alemagne]] [[fur:Gjermanie]] [[fy:Dútslân]] [[ga:An Ghearmáin]] [[gl:Alemaña - Deutschland]] [[gn:Alemaña]] [[he:גרמניה]] [[hi:जर्मनी]] [[hr:Njemačka]] [[hu:Németország]] [[ia:Germania]] [[id:Jerman]] [[io:Germania]] [[is:Þýskaland]] [[it:Germania]] [[ja:ドイツ]] [[jv:Jerman]] [[ka:გერმანია]] [[kn:ಜರ್ಮನಿ]] [[ko:독일]] [[ku:Almanya]] [[kw:Almayn]] [[la:Germania]] [[lb:Däitschland]] [[li:Duutsland]] [[lt:Vokietija]] [[lv:Vācija]] [[mi:Tiamana]] [[mk:Германија]] [[mo:Ӂермания]] [[mr:जर्मनी]] [[ms:Jerman]] [[mt:Ġermanja]] [[na:Germany]] [[nah:Alemantlān]] [[nds:Düütschland]] [[nds-nl:Duutslaand]] [[nl:Duitsland]] [[nn:Tyskland]] [[no:Tyskland]] [[nrm:Allemangne]] [[oc:Alemanha]] [[os:Герман]] [[pdc:Deitschland]] [[pl:Niemcy]] [[ps:جرمني/آلمان]] [[pt:Alemanha]] [[rm:Germania]] [[ro:Germania]] [[roa-rup:Ghirmânii]] [[ru:Германия]] [[sc:Zermània]] [[scn:Girmania]] [[se:Duiska]] [[sh:Nemačka]] [[simple:Germany]] [[sk:Nemecko]] [[sl:Nemčija]] [[sq:Gjermania]] [[sr:Немачка]] [[st:Tôitšhi]] [[sv:Tyskland]] [[ta:ஜெர்மனி]] [[th:สหพันธ์สาธารณรัฐเยอรมนี]] [[tl:Alemanya]] [[tpi:Siaman]] [[tr:Almanya]] [[uk:Німеччина]] [[uz:Germaniya]] [[vec:Germania]] [[vi:Đức]] [[yi:דייטשלאנד]] [[zh:德国]] [[zh-min-nan:Tek-kok]] [[zu:Germany]] 8301 2006-05-29T11:00:31Z Moyogo 11 {{infobox_Esé| nkómbó = Rebubliki Fedelali ya Alémani | nkómbó_na_lokóta = Bundesrepublik Deutschland | image_flag = Flag of Germany.svg|140px | image_coat = Coat of Arms of Germany.svg|85px | image_map = LocationGermanyInEurope.png|none|320px | mokáno = (none)| loyémbo = [[...]] (Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit) | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Lialémani]]; nkótá ya *minorité [[*Dänisch]], [[*Sorbisch]], [[*Niederdeutsch]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo =| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Berlin]] (engúmba mokonzi fedelali) |latd=52|latm=31|latNS=N|longd=13|longm=23|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Berlin]] | loléngé_lɛ́ta = | babengí_mokambi = | nkómbó_mokambi = [[Horst Köhler]] <small>([[Mokambi ekolo]])</small><br> [[Angela Merkel]] <small>([[*Chancelier]])</small>| etando = 357 031|etando_koleka=61nd|etando_bonɛ́nɛ=1 E10|ndámbo_mái=4.2| population_estimate = 82 501 000|population_estimate_year=2004|population_estimate_rank=14nd | population_density = 231|population_density_rank=35th | population_census = 82 501 000|population_census_year=2004| GDP_PPP = $2498 billion| GDP_PPP_year=2005|BOKABO_PPP_rank=5th| GDP_nominal = $2498 billion| GDP_nominal_year=2005| GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30 150| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=17th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $35 075| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=17rd| HDI_year=2004| HDI=| HDI_rank=th| HDI_category=<font color="#009900">high</font>| sovereignty_type = [[Lipandá]] | established_events =- Bikólo ya Alémani ya Molɔngɔ́<br> - Republiki Fedelali <br>- "Este" mpé "Weste" bînsɔ | established_dates =<br> [[18 yanuari]] [[1871]]<br> [[23 may]] [[1949]]<br>[[3 oktobele]] [[1990]]| mosɔlɔ = [[Euro]]|currency_code=EUR| ngonga = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | ngonga_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.de]] |calling_code = 49| footnotes = | }} '''Alémani''' ezalí [[esé]] o ntéi ya [[Eropa]]. === Nkásá o libándá === * {{en}} [http://www.germanygate.com Germany] - Portail de Alémani {{ndámbo}} {{Bisé ya Eropa}} [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[af:Duitsland]] [[als:Deutschland]] [[an:Alemaña]] [[ang:Þēodiscland]] [[ar:ألمانيا]] [[ast:Alemaña]] [[az:Almaniya]] [[be:Нямеччына]] [[bg:Германия]] [[br:Alamagn]] [[bs:Njemačka]] [[ca:Alemanya]] [[cs:Německo]] [[cv:Германи]] [[cy:Yr Almaen]] [[da:Tyskland]] [[de:Deutschland]] [[el:Γερμανία]] [[en:Germany]] [[eo:Germanio]] [[es:Alemania]] [[et:Saksamaa]] [[eu:Alemania]] [[fa:آلمان]] [[fi:Saksa]] [[fiu-vro:S'aksamaa]] [[fo:Týskland]] [[fr:Allemagne]] [[frp:Alemagne]] [[fur:Gjermanie]] [[fy:Dútslân]] [[ga:An Ghearmáin]] [[gl:Alemaña - Deutschland]] [[gn:Alemaña]] [[he:גרמניה]] [[hi:जर्मनी]] [[hr:Njemačka]] [[hu:Németország]] [[ia:Germania]] [[id:Jerman]] [[io:Germania]] [[is:Þýskaland]] [[it:Germania]] [[ja:ドイツ]] [[jv:Jerman]] [[ka:გერმანია]] [[kn:ಜರ್ಮನಿ]] [[ko:독일]] [[ku:Almanya]] [[kw:Almayn]] [[la:Germania]] [[lb:Däitschland]] [[li:Duutsland]] [[lt:Vokietija]] [[lv:Vācija]] [[mi:Tiamana]] [[mk:Германија]] [[mo:Ӂермания]] [[mr:जर्मनी]] [[ms:Jerman]] [[mt:Ġermanja]] [[na:Germany]] [[nah:Alemantlān]] [[nds:Düütschland]] [[nds-nl:Duutslaand]] [[nl:Duitsland]] [[nn:Tyskland]] [[no:Tyskland]] [[nrm:Allemangne]] [[oc:Alemanha]] [[os:Герман]] [[pdc:Deitschland]] [[pl:Niemcy]] [[ps:جرمني/آلمان]] [[pt:Alemanha]] [[rm:Germania]] [[ro:Germania]] [[roa-rup:Ghirmânii]] [[ru:Германия]] [[sc:Zermània]] [[scn:Girmania]] [[se:Duiska]] [[sh:Nemačka]] [[simple:Germany]] [[sk:Nemecko]] [[sl:Nemčija]] [[sq:Gjermania]] [[sr:Немачка]] [[st:Tôitšhi]] [[sv:Tyskland]] [[ta:ஜெர்மனி]] [[th:สหพันธ์สาธารณรัฐเยอรมนี]] [[tl:Alemanya]] [[tpi:Siaman]] [[tr:Almanya]] [[uk:Німеччина]] [[uz:Germaniya]] [[vec:Germania]] [[vi:Đức]] [[yi:דייטשלאנד]] [[zh:德国]] [[zh-min-nan:Tek-kok]] [[zu:Germany]] 8318 2006-05-30T08:01:08Z Moyogo 11 {{infobox_Esé| nkómbó = Rebubliki Fedelali ya Alémani | nkómbó_na_lokóta = Bundesrepublik Deutschland | image_flag = Flag of Germany.svg|140px | image_coat = Coat of Arms of Germany.svg|85px | image_map = LocationGermanyInEurope.png|none|320px | mokáno = (none)| loyémbo = [[...]] (Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit) | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Lialémani]]; nkótá ya *minorité [[*Dänisch]], [[*Sorbisch]], [[*Niederdeutsch]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo =| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Berlin]] (engúmba mokonzi fedelali) |latd=52|latm=31|latNS=N|longd=13|longm=23|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Berlin]] | loléngé_lɛ́ta = | babengí_mokambi = | nkómbó_mokambi = [[Horst Köhler]] <small>([[Mokambi ekolo]])</small><br> [[Angela Merkel]] <small>([[*Chancelier]])</small>| etando = 357 031|etando_koleka=61nd|etando_bonɛ́nɛ=1 E10|ndámbo_mái=4.2| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 82 501 000| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2004| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=ya 14 | bato_na_etando = 231| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 35 | bato_botángi = 82 501 000| bato_botángi_mbúla= 2004| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = $2498 billion| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2005| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 5| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = $30 150| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 17| sovereignty_type = [[Lipandá]] | established_events =- Bikólo ya Alémani ya Molɔngɔ́<br> - Republiki Fedelali <br>- "Este" mpé "Weste" bînsɔ | established_dates =<br> [[18 yanuari]] [[1871]]<br> [[23 may]] [[1949]]<br>[[3 oktobele]] [[1990]]| mosɔlɔ = [[Euro]]|currency_code=EUR| ngonga = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | ngonga_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.de]] |calling_code = 49| footnotes = | }} '''Alémani''' ezalí [[esé]] o ntéi ya [[Eropa]]. === Nkásá o libándá === * {{en}} [http://www.germanygate.com Germany] - Portail de Alémani {{ndámbo}} {{Bisé ya Eropa}} [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[af:Duitsland]] [[als:Deutschland]] [[an:Alemaña]] [[ang:Þēodiscland]] [[ar:ألمانيا]] [[ast:Alemaña]] [[az:Almaniya]] [[be:Нямеччына]] [[bg:Германия]] [[br:Alamagn]] [[bs:Njemačka]] [[ca:Alemanya]] [[cs:Německo]] [[cv:Германи]] [[cy:Yr Almaen]] [[da:Tyskland]] [[de:Deutschland]] [[el:Γερμανία]] [[en:Germany]] [[eo:Germanio]] [[es:Alemania]] [[et:Saksamaa]] [[eu:Alemania]] [[fa:آلمان]] [[fi:Saksa]] [[fiu-vro:S'aksamaa]] [[fo:Týskland]] [[fr:Allemagne]] [[frp:Alemagne]] [[fur:Gjermanie]] [[fy:Dútslân]] [[ga:An Ghearmáin]] [[gl:Alemaña - Deutschland]] [[gn:Alemaña]] [[he:גרמניה]] [[hi:जर्मनी]] [[hr:Njemačka]] [[hu:Németország]] [[ia:Germania]] [[id:Jerman]] [[io:Germania]] [[is:Þýskaland]] [[it:Germania]] [[ja:ドイツ]] [[jv:Jerman]] [[ka:გერმანია]] [[kn:ಜರ್ಮನಿ]] [[ko:독일]] [[ku:Almanya]] [[kw:Almayn]] [[la:Germania]] [[lb:Däitschland]] [[li:Duutsland]] [[lt:Vokietija]] [[lv:Vācija]] [[mi:Tiamana]] [[mk:Германија]] [[mo:Ӂермания]] [[mr:जर्मनी]] [[ms:Jerman]] [[mt:Ġermanja]] [[na:Germany]] [[nah:Alemantlān]] [[nds:Düütschland]] [[nds-nl:Duutslaand]] [[nl:Duitsland]] [[nn:Tyskland]] [[no:Tyskland]] [[nrm:Allemangne]] [[oc:Alemanha]] [[os:Герман]] [[pdc:Deitschland]] [[pl:Niemcy]] [[ps:جرمني/آلمان]] [[pt:Alemanha]] [[rm:Germania]] [[ro:Germania]] [[roa-rup:Ghirmânii]] [[ru:Германия]] [[sc:Zermània]] [[scn:Girmania]] [[se:Duiska]] [[sh:Nemačka]] [[simple:Germany]] [[sk:Nemecko]] [[sl:Nemčija]] [[sq:Gjermania]] [[sr:Немачка]] [[st:Tôitšhi]] [[sv:Tyskland]] [[ta:ஜெர்மனி]] [[th:สหพันธ์สาธารณรัฐเยอรมนี]] [[tl:Alemanya]] [[tpi:Siaman]] [[tr:Almanya]] [[uk:Німеччина]] [[uz:Germaniya]] [[vec:Germania]] [[vi:Đức]] [[yi:דייטשלאנד]] [[zh:德国]] [[zh-min-nan:Tek-kok]] [[zu:Germany]] 8320 2006-05-30T08:02:37Z Moyogo 11 {{infobox_Esé| nkómbó = Rebubliki Fedelali ya Alémani | nkómbó_na_lokóta = Bundesrepublik Deutschland | image_flag = Flag of Germany.svg|140px | image_coat = Coat of Arms of Germany.svg|85px | image_map = LocationGermanyInEurope.png|none|320px | mokáno = (none)| loyémbo = [[...]] (Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit) | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Lialémani]]; nkótá ya *minorité [[*Dänisch]], [[*Sorbisch]], [[*Niederdeutsch]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo =| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Berlin]] (engúmba mokonzi fedelali) |latd=52|latm=31|latNS=N|longd=13|longm=23|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Berlin]] | loléngé_lɛ́ta = | babengí_mokambi = | nkómbó_mokambi = [[Horst Köhler]] <small>([[Mokambi ekolo]])</small><br> [[Angela Merkel]] <small>([[*Chancelier]])</small>| etando = 357 031|etando_limati=ya 61 |etando_bonɛ́nɛ=1 E10|ndámbo_mái=4.2| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 82 501 000| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2004| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=ya 14 | bato_na_etando = 231| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 35 | bato_botángi = 82 501 000| bato_botángi_mbúla= 2004| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = $2498 billion| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2005| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 5| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = $30 150| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 17| sovereignty_type = [[Lipandá]] | established_events =- Bikólo ya Alémani ya Molɔngɔ́<br> - Republiki Fedelali <br>- "Este" mpé "Weste" bînsɔ | established_dates =<br> [[18 yanuari]] [[1871]]<br> [[23 may]] [[1949]]<br>[[3 oktobele]] [[1990]]| mosɔlɔ = [[Euro]]|currency_code=EUR| ngonga = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | ngonga_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.de]] |calling_code = 49| footnotes = | }} '''Alémani''' ezalí [[esé]] o ntéi ya [[Eropa]]. === Nkásá o libándá === * {{en}} [http://www.germanygate.com Germany] - Portail de Alémani {{ndámbo}} {{Bisé ya Eropa}} [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[af:Duitsland]] [[als:Deutschland]] [[an:Alemaña]] [[ang:Þēodiscland]] [[ar:ألمانيا]] [[ast:Alemaña]] [[az:Almaniya]] [[be:Нямеччына]] [[bg:Германия]] [[br:Alamagn]] [[bs:Njemačka]] [[ca:Alemanya]] [[cs:Německo]] [[cv:Германи]] [[cy:Yr Almaen]] [[da:Tyskland]] [[de:Deutschland]] [[el:Γερμανία]] [[en:Germany]] [[eo:Germanio]] [[es:Alemania]] [[et:Saksamaa]] [[eu:Alemania]] [[fa:آلمان]] [[fi:Saksa]] [[fiu-vro:S'aksamaa]] [[fo:Týskland]] [[fr:Allemagne]] [[frp:Alemagne]] [[fur:Gjermanie]] [[fy:Dútslân]] [[ga:An Ghearmáin]] [[gl:Alemaña - Deutschland]] [[gn:Alemaña]] [[he:גרמניה]] [[hi:जर्मनी]] [[hr:Njemačka]] [[hu:Németország]] [[ia:Germania]] [[id:Jerman]] [[io:Germania]] [[is:Þýskaland]] [[it:Germania]] [[ja:ドイツ]] [[jv:Jerman]] [[ka:გერმანია]] [[kn:ಜರ್ಮನಿ]] [[ko:독일]] [[ku:Almanya]] [[kw:Almayn]] [[la:Germania]] [[lb:Däitschland]] [[li:Duutsland]] [[lt:Vokietija]] [[lv:Vācija]] [[mi:Tiamana]] [[mk:Германија]] [[mo:Ӂермания]] [[mr:जर्मनी]] [[ms:Jerman]] [[mt:Ġermanja]] [[na:Germany]] [[nah:Alemantlān]] [[nds:Düütschland]] [[nds-nl:Duutslaand]] [[nl:Duitsland]] [[nn:Tyskland]] [[no:Tyskland]] [[nrm:Allemangne]] [[oc:Alemanha]] [[os:Герман]] [[pdc:Deitschland]] [[pl:Niemcy]] [[ps:جرمني/آلمان]] [[pt:Alemanha]] [[rm:Germania]] [[ro:Germania]] [[roa-rup:Ghirmânii]] [[ru:Германия]] [[sc:Zermània]] [[scn:Girmania]] [[se:Duiska]] [[sh:Nemačka]] [[simple:Germany]] [[sk:Nemecko]] [[sl:Nemčija]] [[sq:Gjermania]] [[sr:Немачка]] [[st:Tôitšhi]] [[sv:Tyskland]] [[ta:ஜெர்மனி]] [[th:สหพันธ์สาธารณรัฐเยอรมนี]] [[tl:Alemanya]] [[tpi:Siaman]] [[tr:Almanya]] [[uk:Німеччина]] [[uz:Germaniya]] [[vec:Germania]] [[vi:Đức]] [[yi:דייטשלאנד]] [[zh:德国]] [[zh-min-nan:Tek-kok]] [[zu:Germany]] 8898 2006-07-13T13:29:45Z Moyogo 11 {{infobox_Esé| nkómbó = Rebubliki Fedelali ya Alémani | nkómbó_na_lokótá = Bundesrepublik Deutschland | image_flag = Flag of Germany.svg|140px | image_coat = Coat of Arms of Germany.svg|85px | image_map = LocationGermanyInEurope.png|none|320px | mokáno = (none)| loyémbo = [[...]] (Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit) | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Lialémani]]; nkótá ya *minorité [[*Dänisch]], [[*Sorbisch]], [[*Niederdeutsch]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo =| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Berlin]] (engúmba mokonzi fedelali) |latd=52|latm=31|latNS=N|longd=13|longm=23|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Berlin]] | loléngé_lɛ́ta = | babengí_mokambi = | nkómbó_mokambi = [[Horst Köhler]] <small>([[Mokambi ekolo]])</small><br> [[Angela Merkel]] <small>([[*Chancelier]])</small>| etando = 357 031|etando_limati=ya 61 |etando_bonɛ́nɛ=1 E10|ndámbo_mái=4.2| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 82 501 000| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2004| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=ya 14 | bato_na_etando = 231| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 35 | bato_botángi = 82 501 000| bato_botángi_mbúla= 2004| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = $2498 billion| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2005| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 5| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = $30 150| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 17| sovereignty_type = [[Lipandá]] | established_events =- Bikólo ya Alémani ya Molɔngɔ́<br> - Republiki Fedelali <br>- "Este" mpé "Weste" bînsɔ | established_dates =<br> [[18 yanuari]] [[1871]]<br> [[23 may]] [[1949]]<br>[[3 oktobele]] [[1990]]| mosɔlɔ = [[Euro]]|currency_code=EUR| ngonga = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | ngonga_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.de]] |calling_code = 49| footnotes = | }} '''Alémani''' ezalí [[esé]] o ntéi ya [[Eropa]]. === Nkásá o libándá === * {{en}} [http://www.germanygate.com Germany] - Portail de Alémani {{ndámbo}} {{Bisé ya Eropa}} [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[af:Duitsland]] [[als:Deutschland]] [[an:Alemaña]] [[ang:Þēodiscland]] [[ar:ألمانيا]] [[ast:Alemaña]] [[az:Almaniya]] [[be:Нямеччына]] [[bg:Германия]] [[br:Alamagn]] [[bs:Njemačka]] [[ca:Alemanya]] [[cs:Německo]] [[cv:Германи]] [[cy:Yr Almaen]] [[da:Tyskland]] [[de:Deutschland]] [[el:Γερμανία]] [[en:Germany]] [[eo:Germanio]] [[es:Alemania]] [[et:Saksamaa]] [[eu:Alemania]] [[fa:آلمان]] [[fi:Saksa]] [[fiu-vro:S'aksamaa]] [[fo:Týskland]] [[fr:Allemagne]] [[frp:Alemagne]] [[fur:Gjermanie]] [[fy:Dútslân]] [[ga:An Ghearmáin]] [[gl:Alemaña - Deutschland]] [[gn:Alemaña]] [[he:גרמניה]] [[hi:जर्मनी]] [[hr:Njemačka]] [[hu:Németország]] [[ia:Germania]] [[id:Jerman]] [[io:Germania]] [[is:Þýskaland]] [[it:Germania]] [[ja:ドイツ]] [[jv:Jerman]] [[ka:გერმანია]] [[kn:ಜರ್ಮನಿ]] [[ko:독일]] [[ku:Almanya]] [[kw:Almayn]] [[la:Germania]] [[lb:Däitschland]] [[li:Duutsland]] [[lt:Vokietija]] [[lv:Vācija]] [[mi:Tiamana]] [[mk:Германија]] [[mo:Ӂермания]] [[mr:जर्मनी]] [[ms:Jerman]] [[mt:Ġermanja]] [[na:Germany]] [[nah:Alemantlān]] [[nds:Düütschland]] [[nds-nl:Duutslaand]] [[nl:Duitsland]] [[nn:Tyskland]] [[no:Tyskland]] [[nrm:Allemangne]] [[oc:Alemanha]] [[os:Герман]] [[pdc:Deitschland]] [[pl:Niemcy]] [[ps:جرمني/آلمان]] [[pt:Alemanha]] [[rm:Germania]] [[ro:Germania]] [[roa-rup:Ghirmânii]] [[ru:Германия]] [[sc:Zermània]] [[scn:Girmania]] [[se:Duiska]] [[sh:Nemačka]] [[simple:Germany]] [[sk:Nemecko]] [[sl:Nemčija]] [[sq:Gjermania]] [[sr:Немачка]] [[st:Tôitšhi]] [[sv:Tyskland]] [[ta:ஜெர்மனி]] [[th:สหพันธ์สาธารณรัฐเยอรมนี]] [[tl:Alemanya]] [[tpi:Siaman]] [[tr:Almanya]] [[uk:Німеччина]] [[uz:Germaniya]] [[vec:Germania]] [[vi:Đức]] [[yi:דייטשלאנד]] [[zh:德国]] [[zh-min-nan:Tek-kok]] [[zu:Germany]] 9006 2006-08-02T05:40:22Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: csb, gd, gv, hy, jbo, ne, pam, qu, sco, su, sw, tet, tg, ug, vo, yo, zh-yue Modifie: sc, uz {{infobox_Esé| nkómbó = Rebubliki Fedelali ya Alémani | nkómbó_na_lokótá = Bundesrepublik Deutschland | image_flag = Flag of Germany.svg|140px | image_coat = Coat of Arms of Germany.svg|85px | image_map = LocationGermanyInEurope.png|none|320px | mokáno = (none)| loyémbo = [[...]] (Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit) | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Lialémani]]; nkótá ya *minorité [[*Dänisch]], [[*Sorbisch]], [[*Niederdeutsch]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo =| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Berlin]] (engúmba mokonzi fedelali) |latd=52|latm=31|latNS=N|longd=13|longm=23|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Berlin]] | loléngé_lɛ́ta = | babengí_mokambi = | nkómbó_mokambi = [[Horst Köhler]] <small>([[Mokambi ekolo]])</small><br> [[Angela Merkel]] <small>([[*Chancelier]])</small>| etando = 357 031|etando_limati=ya 61 |etando_bonɛ́nɛ=1 E10|ndámbo_mái=4.2| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 82 501 000| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2004| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=ya 14 | bato_na_etando = 231| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 35 | bato_botángi = 82 501 000| bato_botángi_mbúla= 2004| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = $2498 billion| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2005| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 5| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = $30 150| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 17| sovereignty_type = [[Lipandá]] | established_events =- Bikólo ya Alémani ya Molɔngɔ́<br> - Republiki Fedelali <br>- "Este" mpé "Weste" bînsɔ | established_dates =<br> [[18 yanuari]] [[1871]]<br> [[23 may]] [[1949]]<br>[[3 oktobele]] [[1990]]| mosɔlɔ = [[Euro]]|currency_code=EUR| ngonga = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | ngonga_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.de]] |calling_code = 49| footnotes = | }} '''Alémani''' ezalí [[esé]] o ntéi ya [[Eropa]]. === Nkásá o libándá === * {{en}} [http://www.germanygate.com Germany] - Portail de Alémani {{ndámbo}} {{Bisé ya Eropa}} [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[af:Duitsland]] [[als:Deutschland]] [[an:Alemaña]] [[ang:Þēodiscland]] [[ar:ألمانيا]] [[ast:Alemaña]] [[az:Almaniya]] [[be:Нямеччына]] [[bg:Германия]] [[br:Alamagn]] [[bs:Njemačka]] [[ca:Alemanya]] [[cs:Německo]] [[csb:Miemieckô]] [[cv:Германи]] [[cy:Yr Almaen]] [[da:Tyskland]] [[de:Deutschland]] [[el:Γερμανία]] [[en:Germany]] [[eo:Germanio]] [[es:Alemania]] [[et:Saksamaa]] [[eu:Alemania]] [[fa:آلمان]] [[fi:Saksa]] [[fiu-vro:S'aksamaa]] [[fo:Týskland]] [[fr:Allemagne]] [[frp:Alemagne]] [[fur:Gjermanie]] [[fy:Dútslân]] [[ga:An Ghearmáin]] [[gd:A' Ghearmailt]] [[gl:Alemaña - Deutschland]] [[gn:Alemaña]] [[gv:Yn Ghermaan]] [[he:גרמניה]] [[hi:जर्मनी]] [[hr:Njemačka]] [[hu:Németország]] [[hy:Գերմանիա]] [[ia:Germania]] [[id:Jerman]] [[io:Germania]] [[is:Þýskaland]] [[it:Germania]] [[ja:ドイツ]] [[jbo:dotygu'e]] [[jv:Jerman]] [[ka:გერმანია]] [[kn:ಜರ್ಮನಿ]] [[ko:독일]] [[ku:Almanya]] [[kw:Almayn]] [[la:Germania]] [[lb:Däitschland]] [[li:Duutsland]] [[lt:Vokietija]] [[lv:Vācija]] [[mi:Tiamana]] [[mk:Германија]] [[mo:Ӂермания]] [[mr:जर्मनी]] [[ms:Jerman]] [[mt:Ġermanja]] [[na:Germany]] [[nah:Alemantlān]] [[nds:Düütschland]] [[nds-nl:Duutslaand]] [[ne:जर्मनी]] [[nl:Duitsland]] [[nn:Tyskland]] [[no:Tyskland]] [[nrm:Allemangne]] [[oc:Alemanha]] [[os:Герман]] [[pam:Germany]] [[pdc:Deitschland]] [[pl:Niemcy]] [[ps:جرمني/آلمان]] [[pt:Alemanha]] [[qu:Alimaniya]] [[rm:Germania]] [[ro:Germania]] [[roa-rup:Ghirmânii]] [[ru:Германия]] [[sc:Germània]] [[scn:Girmania]] [[sco:Germany]] [[se:Duiska]] [[sh:Nemačka]] [[simple:Germany]] [[sk:Nemecko]] [[sl:Nemčija]] [[sq:Gjermania]] [[sr:Немачка]] [[st:Tôitšhi]] [[su:Jėrman]] [[sv:Tyskland]] [[sw:Ujerumani]] [[ta:ஜெர்மனி]] [[tet:Alemaña]] [[tg:Олмон]] [[th:สหพันธ์สาธารณรัฐเยอรมนี]] [[tl:Alemanya]] [[tpi:Siaman]] [[tr:Almanya]] [[ug:گېرمانىيە]] [[uk:Німеччина]] [[uz:Olmoniya]] [[vec:Germania]] [[vi:Đức]] [[vo:Deutän]] [[yi:דייטשלאנד]] [[yo:Jámánì]] [[zh:德国]] [[zh-min-nan:Tek-kok]] [[zh-yue:德國]] [[zu:Germany]] 9414 2006-10-03T17:57:26Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: am, arc, ilo, pms, rmy, so, ty, vls Modifie: ku, li, nah, roa-rup, zu {{infobox_Esé| nkómbó = Rebubliki Fedelali ya Alémani | nkómbó_na_lokótá = Bundesrepublik Deutschland | image_flag = Flag of Germany.svg|140px | image_coat = Coat of Arms of Germany.svg|85px | image_map = LocationGermanyInEurope.png|none|320px | mokáno = (none)| loyémbo = [[...]] (Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit) | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Lialémani]]; nkótá ya *minorité [[*Dänisch]], [[*Sorbisch]], [[*Niederdeutsch]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo =| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Berlin]] (engúmba mokonzi fedelali) |latd=52|latm=31|latNS=N|longd=13|longm=23|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Berlin]] | loléngé_lɛ́ta = | babengí_mokambi = | nkómbó_mokambi = [[Horst Köhler]] <small>([[Mokambi ekolo]])</small><br> [[Angela Merkel]] <small>([[*Chancelier]])</small>| etando = 357 031|etando_limati=ya 61 |etando_bonɛ́nɛ=1 E10|ndámbo_mái=4.2| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 82 501 000| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2004| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=ya 14 | bato_na_etando = 231| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 35 | bato_botángi = 82 501 000| bato_botángi_mbúla= 2004| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = $2498 billion| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2005| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 5| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = $30 150| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 17| sovereignty_type = [[Lipandá]] | established_events =- Bikólo ya Alémani ya Molɔngɔ́<br> - Republiki Fedelali <br>- "Este" mpé "Weste" bînsɔ | established_dates =<br> [[18 yanuari]] [[1871]]<br> [[23 may]] [[1949]]<br>[[3 oktobele]] [[1990]]| mosɔlɔ = [[Euro]]|currency_code=EUR| ngonga = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | ngonga_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.de]] |calling_code = 49| footnotes = | }} '''Alémani''' ezalí [[esé]] o ntéi ya [[Eropa]]. === Nkásá o libándá === * {{en}} [http://www.germanygate.com Germany] - Portail de Alémani {{ndámbo}} {{Bisé ya Eropa}} [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[af:Duitsland]] [[als:Deutschland]] [[am:ጀርመን]] [[an:Alemaña]] [[ang:Þēodiscland]] [[ar:ألمانيا]] [[arc:ܓܪܡܢ]] [[ast:Alemaña]] [[az:Almaniya]] [[be:Нямеччына]] [[bg:Германия]] [[br:Alamagn]] [[bs:Njemačka]] [[ca:Alemanya]] [[cs:Německo]] [[csb:Miemieckô]] [[cv:Германи]] [[cy:Yr Almaen]] [[da:Tyskland]] [[de:Deutschland]] [[el:Γερμανία]] [[en:Germany]] [[eo:Germanio]] [[es:Alemania]] [[et:Saksamaa]] [[eu:Alemania]] [[fa:آلمان]] [[fi:Saksa]] [[fiu-vro:S'aksamaa]] [[fo:Týskland]] [[fr:Allemagne]] [[frp:Alemagne]] [[fur:Gjermanie]] [[fy:Dútslân]] [[ga:An Ghearmáin]] [[gd:A' Ghearmailt]] [[gl:Alemaña - Deutschland]] [[gn:Alemaña]] [[gv:Yn Ghermaan]] [[he:גרמניה]] [[hi:जर्मनी]] [[hr:Njemačka]] [[hu:Németország]] [[hy:Գերմանիա]] [[ia:Germania]] [[id:Jerman]] [[ilo:Alemania]] [[io:Germania]] [[is:Þýskaland]] [[it:Germania]] [[ja:ドイツ]] [[jbo:dotygu'e]] [[jv:Jerman]] [[ka:გერმანია]] [[kn:ಜರ್ಮನಿ]] [[ko:독일]] [[ku:Elmanya]] [[kw:Almayn]] [[la:Germania]] [[lb:Däitschland]] [[li:Duutsjlandj]] [[lt:Vokietija]] [[lv:Vācija]] [[mi:Tiamana]] [[mk:Германија]] [[mo:Ӂермания]] [[mr:जर्मनी]] [[ms:Jerman]] [[mt:Ġermanja]] [[na:Germany]] [[nah:Teutōtitlan]] [[nds:Düütschland]] [[nds-nl:Duutslaand]] [[ne:जर्मनी]] [[nl:Duitsland]] [[nn:Tyskland]] [[no:Tyskland]] [[nrm:Allemangne]] [[oc:Alemanha]] [[os:Герман]] [[pam:Germany]] [[pdc:Deitschland]] [[pl:Niemcy]] [[pms:Germania]] [[ps:جرمني/آلمان]] [[pt:Alemanha]] [[qu:Alimaniya]] [[rm:Germania]] [[rmy:Jermaniya]] [[ro:Germania]] [[roa-rup:Ghermãnia]] [[ru:Германия]] [[sc:Germània]] [[scn:Girmania]] [[sco:Germany]] [[se:Duiska]] [[sh:Nemačka]] [[simple:Germany]] [[sk:Nemecko]] [[sl:Nemčija]] [[so:Jarmal]] [[sq:Gjermania]] [[sr:Немачка]] [[st:Tôitšhi]] [[su:Jėrman]] [[sv:Tyskland]] [[sw:Ujerumani]] [[ta:ஜெர்மனி]] [[tet:Alemaña]] [[tg:Олмон]] [[th:สหพันธ์สาธารณรัฐเยอรมนี]] [[tl:Alemanya]] [[tpi:Siaman]] [[tr:Almanya]] [[ty:Heremani]] [[ug:گېرمانىيە]] [[uk:Німеччина]] [[uz:Olmoniya]] [[vec:Germania]] [[vi:Đức]] [[vls:Duutsland]] [[vo:Deutän]] [[yi:דייטשלאנד]] [[yo:Jámánì]] [[zh:德国]] [[zh-min-nan:Tek-kok]] [[zh-yue:德國]] [[zu:IJalimani]] 9417 2006-10-05T04:05:02Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: [[lg:Girimane]] {{infobox_Esé| nkómbó = Rebubliki Fedelali ya Alémani | nkómbó_na_lokótá = Bundesrepublik Deutschland | image_flag = Flag of Germany.svg|140px | image_coat = Coat of Arms of Germany.svg|85px | image_map = LocationGermanyInEurope.png|none|320px | mokáno = (none)| loyémbo = [[...]] (Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit) | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Lialémani]]; nkótá ya *minorité [[*Dänisch]], [[*Sorbisch]], [[*Niederdeutsch]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo =| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Berlin]] (engúmba mokonzi fedelali) |latd=52|latm=31|latNS=N|longd=13|longm=23|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Berlin]] | loléngé_lɛ́ta = | babengí_mokambi = | nkómbó_mokambi = [[Horst Köhler]] <small>([[Mokambi ekolo]])</small><br> [[Angela Merkel]] <small>([[*Chancelier]])</small>| etando = 357 031|etando_limati=ya 61 |etando_bonɛ́nɛ=1 E10|ndámbo_mái=4.2| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 82 501 000| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2004| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=ya 14 | bato_na_etando = 231| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 35 | bato_botángi = 82 501 000| bato_botángi_mbúla= 2004| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = $2498 billion| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2005| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 5| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = $30 150| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 17| sovereignty_type = [[Lipandá]] | established_events =- Bikólo ya Alémani ya Molɔngɔ́<br> - Republiki Fedelali <br>- "Este" mpé "Weste" bînsɔ | established_dates =<br> [[18 yanuari]] [[1871]]<br> [[23 may]] [[1949]]<br>[[3 oktobele]] [[1990]]| mosɔlɔ = [[Euro]]|currency_code=EUR| ngonga = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | ngonga_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.de]] |calling_code = 49| footnotes = | }} '''Alémani''' ezalí [[esé]] o ntéi ya [[Eropa]]. === Nkásá o libándá === * {{en}} [http://www.germanygate.com Germany] - Portail de Alémani {{ndámbo}} {{Bisé ya Eropa}} [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[af:Duitsland]] [[als:Deutschland]] [[am:ጀርመን]] [[an:Alemaña]] [[ang:Þēodiscland]] [[ar:ألمانيا]] [[arc:ܓܪܡܢ]] [[ast:Alemaña]] [[az:Almaniya]] [[be:Нямеччына]] [[bg:Германия]] [[br:Alamagn]] [[bs:Njemačka]] [[ca:Alemanya]] [[cs:Německo]] [[csb:Miemieckô]] [[cv:Германи]] [[cy:Yr Almaen]] [[da:Tyskland]] [[de:Deutschland]] [[el:Γερμανία]] [[en:Germany]] [[eo:Germanio]] [[es:Alemania]] [[et:Saksamaa]] [[eu:Alemania]] [[fa:آلمان]] [[fi:Saksa]] [[fiu-vro:S'aksamaa]] [[fo:Týskland]] [[fr:Allemagne]] [[frp:Alemagne]] [[fur:Gjermanie]] [[fy:Dútslân]] [[ga:An Ghearmáin]] [[gd:A' Ghearmailt]] [[gl:Alemaña - Deutschland]] [[gn:Alemaña]] [[gv:Yn Ghermaan]] [[he:גרמניה]] [[hi:जर्मनी]] [[hr:Njemačka]] [[hu:Németország]] [[hy:Գերմանիա]] [[ia:Germania]] [[id:Jerman]] [[ilo:Alemania]] [[io:Germania]] [[is:Þýskaland]] [[it:Germania]] [[ja:ドイツ]] [[jbo:dotygu'e]] [[jv:Jerman]] [[ka:გერმანია]] [[kn:ಜರ್ಮನಿ]] [[ko:독일]] [[ku:Elmanya]] [[kw:Almayn]] [[la:Germania]] [[lb:Däitschland]] [[lg:Girimane]] [[li:Duutsjlandj]] [[lt:Vokietija]] [[lv:Vācija]] [[mi:Tiamana]] [[mk:Германија]] [[mo:Ӂермания]] [[mr:जर्मनी]] [[ms:Jerman]] [[mt:Ġermanja]] [[na:Germany]] [[nah:Teutōtitlan]] [[nds:Düütschland]] [[nds-nl:Duutslaand]] [[ne:जर्मनी]] [[nl:Duitsland]] [[nn:Tyskland]] [[no:Tyskland]] [[nrm:Allemangne]] [[oc:Alemanha]] [[os:Герман]] [[pam:Germany]] [[pdc:Deitschland]] [[pl:Niemcy]] [[pms:Germania]] [[ps:جرمني/آلمان]] [[pt:Alemanha]] [[qu:Alimaniya]] [[rm:Germania]] [[rmy:Jermaniya]] [[ro:Germania]] [[roa-rup:Ghermãnia]] [[ru:Германия]] [[sc:Germània]] [[scn:Girmania]] [[sco:Germany]] [[se:Duiska]] [[sh:Nemačka]] [[simple:Germany]] [[sk:Nemecko]] [[sl:Nemčija]] [[so:Jarmal]] [[sq:Gjermania]] [[sr:Немачка]] [[st:Tôitšhi]] [[su:Jėrman]] [[sv:Tyskland]] [[sw:Ujerumani]] [[ta:ஜெர்மனி]] [[tet:Alemaña]] [[tg:Олмон]] [[th:สหพันธ์สาธารณรัฐเยอรมนี]] [[tl:Alemanya]] [[tpi:Siaman]] [[tr:Almanya]] [[ty:Heremani]] [[ug:گېرمانىيە]] [[uk:Німеччина]] [[uz:Olmoniya]] [[vec:Germania]] [[vi:Đức]] [[vls:Duutsland]] [[vo:Deutän]] [[yi:דייטשלאנד]] [[yo:Jámánì]] [[zh:德国]] [[zh-min-nan:Tek-kok]] [[zh-yue:德國]] [[zu:IJalimani]] 9642 2006-10-30T03:52:43Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: [[kk:Алмания]], [[lmo:Discüssiun sura la fundazziun]] {{infobox_Esé| nkómbó = Rebubliki Fedelali ya Alémani | nkómbó_na_lokótá = Bundesrepublik Deutschland | image_flag = Flag of Germany.svg|140px | image_coat = Coat of Arms of Germany.svg|85px | image_map = LocationGermanyInEurope.png|none|320px | mokáno = (none)| loyémbo = [[...]] (Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit) | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Lialémani]]; nkótá ya *minorité [[*Dänisch]], [[*Sorbisch]], [[*Niederdeutsch]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo =| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Berlin]] (engúmba mokonzi fedelali) |latd=52|latm=31|latNS=N|longd=13|longm=23|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Berlin]] | loléngé_lɛ́ta = | babengí_mokambi = | nkómbó_mokambi = [[Horst Köhler]] <small>([[Mokambi ekolo]])</small><br> [[Angela Merkel]] <small>([[*Chancelier]])</small>| etando = 357 031|etando_limati=ya 61 |etando_bonɛ́nɛ=1 E10|ndámbo_mái=4.2| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 82 501 000| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2004| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=ya 14 | bato_na_etando = 231| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 35 | bato_botángi = 82 501 000| bato_botángi_mbúla= 2004| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = $2498 billion| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2005| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 5| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = $30 150| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 17| sovereignty_type = [[Lipandá]] | established_events =- Bikólo ya Alémani ya Molɔngɔ́<br> - Republiki Fedelali <br>- "Este" mpé "Weste" bînsɔ | established_dates =<br> [[18 yanuari]] [[1871]]<br> [[23 may]] [[1949]]<br>[[3 oktobele]] [[1990]]| mosɔlɔ = [[Euro]]|currency_code=EUR| ngonga = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | ngonga_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.de]] |calling_code = 49| footnotes = | }} '''Alémani''' ezalí [[esé]] o ntéi ya [[Eropa]]. === Nkásá o libándá === * {{en}} [http://www.germanygate.com Germany] - Portail de Alémani {{ndámbo}} {{Bisé ya Eropa}} [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[af:Duitsland]] [[als:Deutschland]] [[am:ጀርመን]] [[an:Alemaña]] [[ang:Þēodiscland]] [[ar:ألمانيا]] [[arc:ܓܪܡܢ]] [[ast:Alemaña]] [[az:Almaniya]] [[be:Нямеччына]] [[bg:Германия]] [[br:Alamagn]] [[bs:Njemačka]] [[ca:Alemanya]] [[cs:Německo]] [[csb:Miemieckô]] [[cv:Германи]] [[cy:Yr Almaen]] [[da:Tyskland]] [[de:Deutschland]] [[el:Γερμανία]] [[en:Germany]] [[eo:Germanio]] [[es:Alemania]] [[et:Saksamaa]] [[eu:Alemania]] [[fa:آلمان]] [[fi:Saksa]] [[fiu-vro:S'aksamaa]] [[fo:Týskland]] [[fr:Allemagne]] [[frp:Alemagne]] [[fur:Gjermanie]] [[fy:Dútslân]] [[ga:An Ghearmáin]] [[gd:A' Ghearmailt]] [[gl:Alemaña - Deutschland]] [[gn:Alemaña]] [[gv:Yn Ghermaan]] [[he:גרמניה]] [[hi:जर्मनी]] [[hr:Njemačka]] [[hu:Németország]] [[hy:Գերմանիա]] [[ia:Germania]] [[id:Jerman]] [[ilo:Alemania]] [[io:Germania]] [[is:Þýskaland]] [[it:Germania]] [[ja:ドイツ]] [[jbo:dotygu'e]] [[jv:Jerman]] [[ka:გერმანია]] [[kk:Алмания]] [[kn:ಜರ್ಮನಿ]] [[ko:독일]] [[ku:Elmanya]] [[kw:Almayn]] [[la:Germania]] [[lb:Däitschland]] [[lg:Girimane]] [[li:Duutsjlandj]] [[lmo:Discüssiun sura la fundazziun]] [[lt:Vokietija]] [[lv:Vācija]] [[mi:Tiamana]] [[mk:Германија]] [[mo:Ӂермания]] [[mr:जर्मनी]] [[ms:Jerman]] [[mt:Ġermanja]] [[na:Germany]] [[nah:Teutōtitlan]] [[nds:Düütschland]] [[nds-nl:Duutslaand]] [[ne:जर्मनी]] [[nl:Duitsland]] [[nn:Tyskland]] [[no:Tyskland]] [[nrm:Allemangne]] [[oc:Alemanha]] [[os:Герман]] [[pam:Germany]] [[pdc:Deitschland]] [[pl:Niemcy]] [[pms:Germania]] [[ps:جرمني/آلمان]] [[pt:Alemanha]] [[qu:Alimaniya]] [[rm:Germania]] [[rmy:Jermaniya]] [[ro:Germania]] [[roa-rup:Ghermãnia]] [[ru:Германия]] [[sc:Germània]] [[scn:Girmania]] [[sco:Germany]] [[se:Duiska]] [[sh:Nemačka]] [[simple:Germany]] [[sk:Nemecko]] [[sl:Nemčija]] [[so:Jarmal]] [[sq:Gjermania]] [[sr:Немачка]] [[st:Tôitšhi]] [[su:Jėrman]] [[sv:Tyskland]] [[sw:Ujerumani]] [[ta:ஜெர்மனி]] [[tet:Alemaña]] [[tg:Олмон]] [[th:สหพันธ์สาธารณรัฐเยอรมนี]] [[tl:Alemanya]] [[tpi:Siaman]] [[tr:Almanya]] [[ty:Heremani]] [[ug:گېرمانىيە]] [[uk:Німеччина]] [[uz:Olmoniya]] [[vec:Germania]] [[vi:Đức]] [[vls:Duutsland]] [[vo:Deutän]] [[yi:דייטשלאנד]] [[yo:Jámánì]] [[zh:德国]] [[zh-min-nan:Tek-kok]] [[zh-yue:德國]] [[zu:IJalimani]] 9896 2006-11-28T14:18:46Z 160.85.2.50 /* Nkásá o libándá */ cat {{infobox_Esé| nkómbó = Rebubliki Fedelali ya Alémani | nkómbó_na_lokótá = Bundesrepublik Deutschland | image_flag = Flag of Germany.svg|140px | image_coat = Coat of Arms of Germany.svg|85px | image_map = LocationGermanyInEurope.png|none|320px | mokáno = (none)| loyémbo = [[...]] (Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit) | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Lialémani]]; nkótá ya *minorité [[*Dänisch]], [[*Sorbisch]], [[*Niederdeutsch]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo =| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Berlin]] (engúmba mokonzi fedelali) |latd=52|latm=31|latNS=N|longd=13|longm=23|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Berlin]] | loléngé_lɛ́ta = | babengí_mokambi = | nkómbó_mokambi = [[Horst Köhler]] <small>([[Mokambi ekolo]])</small><br> [[Angela Merkel]] <small>([[*Chancelier]])</small>| etando = 357 031|etando_limati=ya 61 |etando_bonɛ́nɛ=1 E10|ndámbo_mái=4.2| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 82 501 000| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2004| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=ya 14 | bato_na_etando = 231| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 35 | bato_botángi = 82 501 000| bato_botángi_mbúla= 2004| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = $2498 billion| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2005| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 5| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = $30 150| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 17| sovereignty_type = [[Lipandá]] | established_events =- Bikólo ya Alémani ya Molɔngɔ́<br> - Republiki Fedelali <br>- "Este" mpé "Weste" bînsɔ | established_dates =<br> [[18 yanuari]] [[1871]]<br> [[23 may]] [[1949]]<br>[[3 oktobele]] [[1990]]| mosɔlɔ = [[Euro]]|currency_code=EUR| ngonga = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | ngonga_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.de]] |calling_code = 49| footnotes = | }} '''Alémani''' ezalí [[esé]] o ntéi ya [[Eropa]]. === Nkásá o libándá === * {{en}} [http://www.germanygate.com Germany] - Portail de Alémani {{ndámbo}} {{Bisé ya Eropa}} [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[Category:Alémani]] [[af:Duitsland]] [[als:Deutschland]] [[am:ጀርመን]] [[an:Alemaña]] [[ang:Þēodiscland]] [[ar:ألمانيا]] [[arc:ܓܪܡܢ]] [[ast:Alemaña]] [[az:Almaniya]] [[be:Нямеччына]] [[bg:Германия]] [[br:Alamagn]] [[bs:Njemačka]] [[ca:Alemanya]] [[cs:Německo]] [[csb:Miemieckô]] [[cv:Германи]] [[cy:Yr Almaen]] [[da:Tyskland]] [[de:Deutschland]] [[el:Γερμανία]] [[en:Germany]] [[eo:Germanio]] [[es:Alemania]] [[et:Saksamaa]] [[eu:Alemania]] [[fa:آلمان]] [[fi:Saksa]] [[fiu-vro:S'aksamaa]] [[fo:Týskland]] [[fr:Allemagne]] [[frp:Alemagne]] [[fur:Gjermanie]] [[fy:Dútslân]] [[ga:An Ghearmáin]] [[gd:A' Ghearmailt]] [[gl:Alemaña - Deutschland]] [[gn:Alemaña]] [[gv:Yn Ghermaan]] [[he:גרמניה]] [[hi:जर्मनी]] [[hr:Njemačka]] [[hu:Németország]] [[hy:Գերմանիա]] [[ia:Germania]] [[id:Jerman]] [[ilo:Alemania]] [[io:Germania]] [[is:Þýskaland]] [[it:Germania]] [[ja:ドイツ]] [[jbo:dotygu'e]] [[jv:Jerman]] [[ka:გერმანია]] [[kk:Алмания]] [[kn:ಜರ್ಮನಿ]] [[ko:독일]] [[ku:Elmanya]] [[kw:Almayn]] [[la:Germania]] [[lb:Däitschland]] [[lg:Girimane]] [[li:Duutsjlandj]] [[lmo:Discüssiun sura la fundazziun]] [[lt:Vokietija]] [[lv:Vācija]] [[mi:Tiamana]] [[mk:Германија]] [[mo:Ӂермания]] [[mr:जर्मनी]] [[ms:Jerman]] [[mt:Ġermanja]] [[na:Germany]] [[nah:Teutōtitlan]] [[nds:Düütschland]] [[nds-nl:Duutslaand]] [[ne:जर्मनी]] [[nl:Duitsland]] [[nn:Tyskland]] [[no:Tyskland]] [[nrm:Allemangne]] [[oc:Alemanha]] [[os:Герман]] [[pam:Germany]] [[pdc:Deitschland]] [[pl:Niemcy]] [[pms:Germania]] [[ps:جرمني/آلمان]] [[pt:Alemanha]] [[qu:Alimaniya]] [[rm:Germania]] [[rmy:Jermaniya]] [[ro:Germania]] [[roa-rup:Ghermãnia]] [[ru:Германия]] [[sc:Germània]] [[scn:Girmania]] [[sco:Germany]] [[se:Duiska]] [[sh:Nemačka]] [[simple:Germany]] [[sk:Nemecko]] [[sl:Nemčija]] [[so:Jarmal]] [[sq:Gjermania]] [[sr:Немачка]] [[st:Tôitšhi]] [[su:Jėrman]] [[sv:Tyskland]] [[sw:Ujerumani]] [[ta:ஜெர்மனி]] [[tet:Alemaña]] [[tg:Олмон]] [[th:สหพันธ์สาธารณรัฐเยอรมนี]] [[tl:Alemanya]] [[tpi:Siaman]] [[tr:Almanya]] [[ty:Heremani]] [[ug:گېرمانىيە]] [[uk:Німеччина]] [[uz:Olmoniya]] [[vec:Germania]] [[vi:Đức]] [[vls:Duutsland]] [[vo:Deutän]] [[yi:דייטשלאנד]] [[yo:Jámánì]] [[zh:德国]] [[zh-min-nan:Tek-kok]] [[zh-yue:德國]] [[zu:IJalimani]] 9964 2006-12-13T19:10:53Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: bar, hsb, ru-sib, udm, zh-classical Modifie: ku, so, th {{infobox_Esé| nkómbó = Rebubliki Fedelali ya Alémani | nkómbó_na_lokótá = Bundesrepublik Deutschland | image_flag = Flag of Germany.svg|140px | image_coat = Coat of Arms of Germany.svg|85px | image_map = LocationGermanyInEurope.png|none|320px | mokáno = (none)| loyémbo = [[...]] (Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit) | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Lialémani]]; nkótá ya *minorité [[*Dänisch]], [[*Sorbisch]], [[*Niederdeutsch]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo =| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Berlin]] (engúmba mokonzi fedelali) |latd=52|latm=31|latNS=N|longd=13|longm=23|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Berlin]] | loléngé_lɛ́ta = | babengí_mokambi = | nkómbó_mokambi = [[Horst Köhler]] <small>([[Mokambi ekolo]])</small><br> [[Angela Merkel]] <small>([[*Chancelier]])</small>| etando = 357 031|etando_limati=ya 61 |etando_bonɛ́nɛ=1 E10|ndámbo_mái=4.2| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 82 501 000| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2004| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=ya 14 | bato_na_etando = 231| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 35 | bato_botángi = 82 501 000| bato_botángi_mbúla= 2004| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = $2498 billion| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2005| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 5| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = $30 150| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 17| sovereignty_type = [[Lipandá]] | established_events =- Bikólo ya Alémani ya Molɔngɔ́<br> - Republiki Fedelali <br>- "Este" mpé "Weste" bînsɔ | established_dates =<br> [[18 yanuari]] [[1871]]<br> [[23 may]] [[1949]]<br>[[3 oktobele]] [[1990]]| mosɔlɔ = [[Euro]]|currency_code=EUR| ngonga = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | ngonga_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.de]] |calling_code = 49| footnotes = | }} '''Alémani''' ezalí [[esé]] o ntéi ya [[Eropa]]. === Nkásá o libándá === * {{en}} [http://www.germanygate.com Germany] - Portail de Alémani {{ndámbo}} {{Bisé ya Eropa}} [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[Category:Alémani]] [[af:Duitsland]] [[als:Deutschland]] [[am:ጀርመን]] [[an:Alemaña]] [[ang:Þēodiscland]] [[ar:ألمانيا]] [[arc:ܓܪܡܢ]] [[ast:Alemaña]] [[az:Almaniya]] [[bar:Deitschlånd]] [[be:Нямеччына]] [[bg:Германия]] [[br:Alamagn]] [[bs:Njemačka]] [[ca:Alemanya]] [[cs:Německo]] [[csb:Miemieckô]] [[cv:Германи]] [[cy:Yr Almaen]] [[da:Tyskland]] [[de:Deutschland]] [[el:Γερμανία]] [[en:Germany]] [[eo:Germanio]] [[es:Alemania]] [[et:Saksamaa]] [[eu:Alemania]] [[fa:آلمان]] [[fi:Saksa]] [[fiu-vro:S'aksamaa]] [[fo:Týskland]] [[fr:Allemagne]] [[frp:Alemagne]] [[fur:Gjermanie]] [[fy:Dútslân]] [[ga:An Ghearmáin]] [[gd:A' Ghearmailt]] [[gl:Alemaña - Deutschland]] [[gn:Alemaña]] [[gv:Yn Ghermaan]] [[he:גרמניה]] [[hi:जर्मनी]] [[hr:Njemačka]] [[hsb:Němska]] [[hu:Németország]] [[hy:Գերմանիա]] [[ia:Germania]] [[id:Jerman]] [[ilo:Alemania]] [[io:Germania]] [[is:Þýskaland]] [[it:Germania]] [[ja:ドイツ]] [[jbo:dotygu'e]] [[jv:Jerman]] [[ka:გერმანია]] [[kk:Алмания]] [[kn:ಜರ್ಮನಿ]] [[ko:독일]] [[ku:Almanya]] [[kw:Almayn]] [[la:Germania]] [[lb:Däitschland]] [[lg:Girimane]] [[li:Duutsjlandj]] [[lmo:Discüssiun sura la fundazziun]] [[lt:Vokietija]] [[lv:Vācija]] [[mi:Tiamana]] [[mk:Германија]] [[mo:Ӂермания]] [[mr:जर्मनी]] [[ms:Jerman]] [[mt:Ġermanja]] [[na:Germany]] [[nah:Teutōtitlan]] [[nds:Düütschland]] [[nds-nl:Duutslaand]] [[ne:जर्मनी]] [[nl:Duitsland]] [[nn:Tyskland]] [[no:Tyskland]] [[nrm:Allemangne]] [[oc:Alemanha]] [[os:Герман]] [[pam:Germany]] [[pdc:Deitschland]] [[pl:Niemcy]] [[pms:Germania]] [[ps:جرمني/آلمان]] [[pt:Alemanha]] [[qu:Alimaniya]] [[rm:Germania]] [[rmy:Jermaniya]] [[ro:Germania]] [[roa-rup:Ghermãnia]] [[ru:Германия]] [[ru-sib:Германия]] [[sc:Germània]] [[scn:Girmania]] [[sco:Germany]] [[se:Duiska]] [[sh:Nemačka]] [[simple:Germany]] [[sk:Nemecko]] [[sl:Nemčija]] [[so:Jarmalka]] [[sq:Gjermania]] [[sr:Немачка]] [[st:Tôitšhi]] [[su:Jėrman]] [[sv:Tyskland]] [[sw:Ujerumani]] [[ta:ஜெர்மனி]] [[tet:Alemaña]] [[tg:Олмон]] [[th:ประเทศเยอรมนี]] [[tl:Alemanya]] [[tpi:Siaman]] [[tr:Almanya]] [[ty:Heremani]] [[udm:Германия]] [[ug:گېرمانىيە]] [[uk:Німеччина]] [[uz:Olmoniya]] [[vec:Germania]] [[vi:Đức]] [[vls:Duutsland]] [[vo:Deutän]] [[yi:דייטשלאנד]] [[yo:Jámánì]] [[zh:德国]] [[zh-classical:德意志]] [[zh-min-nan:Tek-kok]] [[zh-yue:德國]] [[zu:IJalimani]] MediaWiki:Confirmrecreate 1788 sysop 6112 2005-09-05T09:37:03Z MediaWiki default User [[User:$1|$1]] ([[User talk:$1|talk]]) deleted this article after you started editing with reason: : ''$2'' Please confirm that really want to recreate this article. 8541 2006-07-01T18:57:57Z MediaWiki default User [[User:$1|$1]] ([[User talk:$1|talk]]) deleted this page after you started editing with reason: : ''$2'' Please confirm that really want to recreate this page. 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MediaWiki:Viewdeletedpage 1808 sysop 6151 2005-09-05T09:37:08Z MediaWiki default View deleted pages MediaWiki:Wlhideshowbots 1809 sysop 6153 2005-09-05T09:37:09Z MediaWiki default $1 bot edits. 8681 2006-07-01T18:57:59Z MediaWiki default $1 bot edits Mombongo 1810 6157 2005-09-05T10:21:01Z 160.85.2.50 MOTS-CLÉS DES AFFAIRES EN LINGALA FRANÇAIS LINGALA acteur planétaire [[mosani wa molongo]] acheteur [[mosombi]] affaires [[mombongo]], [[makambo]] aide en ligne [[lisungi esi na mbango]] ; [[lisalisi esi na mbango]] album de presse [[buku ya bopanzi sango]] arrosage [[linyakeli]] au revoir [[eseseli]] banque de données ebombelo (banki)-makambo besoins [[masengisi]] bonjour [[mboté]] 11 centre commercial [[nganda mombongo]] client [[kiliya]] cœur de métier [[motema-mosala]] commerce équitable [[mombongo mwa semba]] comptant - [[a mbongo]] conditions internationales de vente (CIV) [[masengisi ma molongo mpo na boteki]] contrat [[bobembabani]] ; [[boyokani]] ; [[kontra]] / [[kontala]] coopérative [[lisanga-lisalisani]] ; [[lisanga-lisungani]] courriel [[nkomasinga]] culture d'entreprise [[ntoki ya lisanga]] demande [[bosengi]] ; [[lisengi]] dénicheur [[mokukoli wa ntoki]] développement durable [[ntombwana ya koumela]] discompteur [[mokitisi ntalo]] ; [[mokutoli motuya]] entreprise [[kompanyi]] ; [[sosete]] fabriqué en, à, au... [[esalemi na]], o... ; [[esalami na]], o... franchisage [[liakalisi]] gagnant-gagnant [[bolongilongi]] ; [[bolongi-bolongi]] gestion de la relation client (GRC) [[boyangeli bokiliya]] gestion du savoir [[boyangeli mayele]] groupe de pression [[lisanga lya molunge]] ; [[lisanga lya mbamba]] investisseur providentiel [[motii mosolo molamu]] jeune pousse [[mboto elenge]] lèche-vitrines [[lilomboli magazini]] libre-service [[bomibonzeli]] logiciel [[sango mwango]] mentor [[motomboli mosali]] ; [[mobutisi mosali]] merci [[botondi]] ; [[melesi]] mutuelle [[moziki]] personnalisation [[bomotisi]] ; [[emotisi]] plan d'affaires [[mwangomwa mombongo]] produit [[eloko]] redevance [[mpako]] remue-méninges [[ekumbaki bongo]] réponse optimale au consommateur (ROC) [[eyano esengeli na mosombi]] restauration rapide [[nkangagelangai]] rotation [[ngala]] ; [[lizolongano]] sans usine [[tangona lizini]] savoir-faire [[zebi ntoki]] technique de pointe [[esaleli ya sika]] (ya mikolo miye) ; [[tekiniki ya mikolo miye]] (ya sika) Toile [[Bweya]] tontine [[likelemba]] ; [[moziki]] vendeur [[moteki]] voyagiste [[mobembisi]] 6277 2005-09-19T19:23:02Z Moyogo 11 plagiat &rarr; [http://www.presse-francophone.org/apfa/Langues/Lingala.htm] 6717 2005-11-05T16:34:15Z Blockinblox 38 {{ndámbo}} {{ndámbo}} &rarr; [http://www.presse-francophone.org/apfa/Langues/Lingala.htm] 8053 2006-04-25T08:59:27Z Bombo 12 {{ndámbo}} ==Nkásá o libándá== &rarr; http://www.presse-francophone.org/apfa/Langues/Lingala.htm (lingála–lifalansé) 8054 2006-04-25T09:01:52Z Bombo 12 cat {{ndámbo}} ==Nkásá o libándá== &rarr; http://www.presse-francophone.org/apfa/Langues/Lingala.htm (lingála–lifalansé) [[category:libóta]] Template:User de-1 1811 6164 2005-09-07T11:17:52Z Bombo 12 {{Babel field 1| letter code size=1.5em| letter code=[[Alemani|de]]| text size=0.83em| text=Dieser Benutzer hat '''[[:Category:User de-1|grundlegende]] [[:Category:User de|Deutschkenntnisse]].'''}} [[Category:User de-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] 6166 2005-09-07T11:21:44Z Bombo 12 <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''[[Lifalansé|fr]]-1'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Dieser Benutzer hat '''[[:Category:User de-1|grundlegende]] [[:Category:User de|Deutschkenntnisse]].'''|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td> </tr></table></div> [[Category:User de-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] 6167 2005-09-07T11:22:46Z Bombo 12 <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''[[Lialemani|de]]-1'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Dieser Benutzer hat '''[[:Category:User de-1|grundlegende]] [[:Category:User de|Deutschkenntnisse]].'''|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td> </tr></table></div> [[Category:User de-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] 6168 2005-09-07T11:23:13Z Bombo 12 <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''[[Lialemani|de]]-1'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Dieser Benutzer hat '''[[:Category:User de-1|grundlegende]] [[:Category:User de|Deutschkenntnisse]].'''</td> </tr></table></div> [[Category:User de-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] 6928 2005-11-19T08:38:17Z Hégésippe Cormier 41 il manquait la catégorie-mère <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''[[Lialemani|de]]-1'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Dieser Benutzer hat '''[[:Category:User de-1|grundlegende]] [[:Category:User de|Deutschkenntnisse]].'''</td> </tr></table></div> [[Category:User de|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:User de-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] Template:Babel field 1 1812 6165 2005-09-07T11:18:52Z Bombo 12 {{Babel field| color 1=#99B3FF| color 2=#E0E8FF| letter code size=<includeonly>{{{letter code size}}}</includeonly><noinclude>1.5em</noinclude>| letter code='''<includeonly>{{{letter code}}}</includeonly><noinclude><nowiki>{{{letter code}}}</nowiki></noinclude>-1'''| text size=<includeonly>{{{text size}}}</includeonly><noinclude>0.83em</noinclude>| text=<includeonly>{{{text}}}</includeonly><noinclude><nowiki>{{{text}}}</nowiki></noinclude>}} 7292 2005-12-08T01:30:04Z Moyogo 11 {{Babel field|color 1=#99B3FF|color 2=#E0E8FF|letter code size={{{letter code size}}}|text size={{{text size}}}|letter code='''{{{letter code}}}-1'''|text={{{text}}}}} [[Catégorie:User {{{letter code}}}|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Catégorie:User {{{letter code}}}-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] 7294 2005-12-08T01:31:41Z Moyogo 11 {{Babel field|color 1=#99B3FF|color 2=#E0E8FF|letter code size={{{letter code size}}}|text size={{{text size}}}|letter code='''{{{letter code}}}-1'''|text={{{text}}}}} [[Category:User {{{letter code}}}|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:User {{{letter code}}}-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] Wikipedia:Site support 1813 6188 2005-09-08T08:08:16Z Angela 4 this shouldn't be linked in the sidebar, but since it is, pointing to [[Wikimedia:Faites un don]] Voir [[Wikimedia:Faites un don]] 7346 2005-12-14T02:58:27Z 218.126.124.112 Voir [[Wikimedia:Faites un don]] <div style="overflow: auto; 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Thanks. ~~~~ Please change this to [[Wikimedia:Faites un don]] instead of [[Project:Site support]]. Thanks. [[User:Angela|Angela]] 08:09, 8 septembere 2005 (UTC) Wikipedia:Bosungi (FAQ) 1815 6196 2005-09-08T13:49:10Z Bombo 12 <div style="background:#f7f8ff;margin:0 auto" class="toccolours"> <div style="text-align: center; font-size: x-large">Mbɔtɛ</div> '''Cette page est à traduire en lingala!''' '''Tu as une question concernant Wikipédia? Te voici au bon endroit!''' <div style="text-align: center">'''[http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikipedia:Foire_aux_question&action=edit&section=new Ici, tu ajoutes ta question]'''<br /> <small>Avec les signes <code>--<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki></code> tu mets ta [[Wikipedia:Signatur|signature]] avec ton nom.</small></div> Pour poser une question: * S'il vous plaît écrivez un titre court et précis. * Posez la question Namibia 1816 6200 2005-09-08T14:12:46Z Bombo 12 {{Infobox_country| common_name = Namibia | native_name = Republic of Namibia<br>Confédération suisse<br>Confederazione Svizzera<br>Confederaziun Svizra<br>Confœderatio Helvetica| image_flag = Switzerland flag 300.png | image_coat = BlasonSUISSE.PNG | image_map = LocationSwitzerland.png | national_motto = Unity, Liberty, Justice<br>(Lingála: AAAAAAAAAAAAAA)| national_anthem = [[Swiss Psalm]] | official_languages = [[Lingɛlɛsi]], [[Ovambo]], [[Afrikaans]], [[Lialemani]]| capital = [[Bern]] |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| largest_city = [[Windhoek]] (lialémani: Windhuk) | government_type = [[Republiki]] | leader_titles = [[Lisanga Fedelali ya Swisi|Lisanga Fedelali]]| leader_names = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[]] | area = 824.292|area_rank=999nd|area_magnitude=1 E10|percent_water=0.0| population_estimate = 1.954.033|population_estimate_year=2004|population_estimate_rank=999nd | population_density = 2.4|population_density_rank=999th | population_census = 7,288,010|population_census_year=2000| GDP_PPP = $233 billion|GDP_PPP_year=2003|GDP_PPP_rank=35th| GDP_nominal = $309 billion|GDP_nominal_year=2003|GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,186|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=8th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $42,138|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=3rd| sovereignty_type =[[Independence]] | established_events =- Declared<br> - Recognised<br>Federal state | established_dates =[[Lisakoli Fedelali ya 1291|Lisakoli Fedelali]]<br> [[1 Ogusiti]], [[1291]]<br> [[October 24]], [[1648]]<br>[[1848]]| currency = [[Fran Swisi]]|currency_code=CHF| time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.ch]] | calling_code = 41| footnotes = | }} 6201 2005-09-08T14:26:04Z Bombo 12 {{Infobox_country| common_name = Namibia | native_name = Republic of Namibia<br><br><br>| image_flag = Image:Namibia flag medium.png | image_coat = Image:Namibia_coa.png | image_map = Image:LocationNamibia.png | national_motto = Unity, Liberty, Justice<br>(Lingála: AAAAAAA AAAAAAA Jistisi)| national_anthem = [[Namibia, Land of the Brave]] | official_languages = [[Lingɛlɛsi]] | Nkótá nationales = [[Ovambo]], [[Afrikaans]], [[Lialemani]]| capital = [[Windhoek]] (lialémani: Windhuk) |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| largest_city = [[Windhoek]] (lialémani: Windhuk) | government_type = [[Republiki]] | leader_titles = | leader_names = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[]] | area = 824.292|area_rank=999nd|area_magnitude=1 E10|percent_water=0.0| population_estimate = 1.954.033|population_estimate_year=2004|population_estimate_rank=999nd | population_density = 2.4|population_density_rank=999th | population_census = 7,288,010|population_census_year=2000| GDP_PPP = $000 billion|GDP_PPP_year=2003|GDP_PPP_rank=35th| GDP_nominal = $000 billion|GDP_nominal_year=2003|GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $000|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=8th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $000|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=3rd| sovereignty_type =[[Independence]] | established_events =- Declared<br> - Recognised<br> | established_dates = <br> | currency = |currency_code=NAD| time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.na]] | calling_code = 264| footnotes = | }} 6202 2005-09-08T16:20:21Z 131.211.210.10 {{Infobox_country| common_name = Namibia | native_name = Republic of Namibia<br><br><br>| image_flag = Namibia flag medium.png | image_coat = Namibia_coa.png | image_map = LocationNamibia.png | national_motto = Unity, Liberty, Justice<br>(Lingála: bɔ́kɔ́, bonsɔ́mi, jistisi)| national_anthem = [[Namibia, Land of the Brave]] | official_languages = [[Lingɛlɛsi]]| Nkótá nationales = [[Ovambo]], [[Afrikaans]], [[Lialemani]]| capital = [[Windhoek]] (lialémani: Windhuk) |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| largest_city = [[Windhoek]] (lialémani: Windhuk) | government_type = [[Republiki]] | leader_titles = | leader_names = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[]] | area = 824.292|area_rank=999nd|area_magnitude=1 E10|percent_water=0.0| population_estimate = 1.954.033|population_estimate_year=2004|population_estimate_rank=999nd | population_density = 2.4|population_density_rank=999th | population_census = 7,288,010|population_census_year=2000| GDP_PPP = $000 billion|GDP_PPP_year=2003|GDP_PPP_rank=35th| GDP_nominal = $000 billion|GDP_nominal_year=2003|GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $000|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=8th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $000|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=3rd| sovereignty_type =[[Independence]] | established_events =- Declared<br> - Recognised<br> | established_dates = <br> | currency = |currency_code=NAD| time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.na]] | calling_code = 264| footnotes = | }} 6616 2005-11-02T10:59:12Z Bombo 12 cat {{Infobox_country| common_name = Namibia | native_name = Republic of Namibia<br><br><br>| image_flag = Namibia flag medium.png | image_coat = Namibia_coa.png | image_map = LocationNamibia.png | national_motto = Unity, Liberty, Justice<br>(Lingála: bɔ́kɔ́, bonsɔ́mi, jistisi)| national_anthem = [[Namibia, Land of the Brave]] | official_languages = [[Lingɛlɛsi]]| Nkótá nationales = [[Ovambo]], [[Afrikaans]], [[Lialemani]]| capital = [[Windhoek]] (lialémani: Windhuk) |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| largest_city = [[Windhoek]] (lialémani: Windhuk) | government_type = [[Republiki]] | leader_titles = | leader_names = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[]] | area = 824.292|area_rank=999nd|area_magnitude=1 E10|percent_water=0.0| population_estimate = 1.954.033|population_estimate_year=2004|population_estimate_rank=999nd | population_density = 2.4|population_density_rank=999th | population_census = 7,288,010|population_census_year=2000| GDP_PPP = $000 billion|GDP_PPP_year=2003|GDP_PPP_rank=35th| GDP_nominal = $000 billion|GDP_nominal_year=2003|GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $000|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=8th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $000|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=3rd| sovereignty_type =[[Independence]] | established_events =- Declared<br> - Recognised<br> | established_dates = <br> | currency = |currency_code=NAD| time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.na]] | calling_code = 264| footnotes = | }} {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] 6618 2005-11-02T11:07:59Z Bombo 12 {{Infobox_country| common_name = Namibia | native_name = Republic of Namibia<br><br><br>| image_flag = Namibia flag medium.png | image_coat = Namibia_coa.png | image_map = LocationNamibia.png | national_motto = Unity, Liberty, Justice<br>(Lingála: bɔ́kɔ́, bonsɔ́mi, jistisi)| national_anthem = [[Namibia, Land of the Brave]] | official_languages = [[Lingɛlɛsi]]| Nkótá nasyonale = [[Ovambo]], [[Afrikaans]], [[Lialemani]]| capital = [[Windhoek]] (lialémani: Windhuk) |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| largest_city = [[Windhoek]] (lialémani: Windhuk) | government_type = [[Republiki]] | leader_titles = | leader_names = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[]] | area = 824.292|area_rank=999nd|area_magnitude=1 E10|percent_water=0.0| population_estimate = 1.954.033|population_estimate_year=2004|population_estimate_rank=999nd | population_density = 2.4|population_density_rank=999th | population_census = 7,288,010|population_census_year=2000| GDP_PPP = $000 billion|GDP_PPP_year=2003|GDP_PPP_rank=35th| GDP_nominal = $000 billion|GDP_nominal_year=2003|GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $000|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=8th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $000|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=3rd| sovereignty_type =[[Independence]] | established_events =- Declared<br> - Recognised<br> | established_dates = <br> | currency = |currency_code=NAD| time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.na]] | calling_code = 264| footnotes = | }} {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] 6751 2005-11-05T17:59:26Z Blockinblox 38 {{ndámbo}} {{Infobox_country| common_name = Namibia | native_name = Republic of Namibia<br><br><br>| image_flag = Namibia flag medium.png | image_coat = Namibia_coa.png | image_map = LocationNamibia.png | national_motto = Unity, Liberty, Justice<br>(Lingála: bɔ́kɔ́, bonsɔ́mi, jistisi)| national_anthem = [[Namibia, Land of the Brave]] | official_languages = [[Lingɛlɛsi]]| Nkótá nasyonale = [[Ovambo]], [[Afrikaans]], [[Lialemani]]| capital = [[Windhoek]] (lialémani: Windhuk) |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| largest_city = [[Windhoek]] (lialémani: Windhuk) | government_type = [[Republiki]] | leader_titles = | leader_names = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[]] | area = 824.292|area_rank=999nd|area_magnitude=1 E10|percent_water=0.0| population_estimate = 1.954.033|population_estimate_year=2004|population_estimate_rank=999nd | population_density = 2.4|population_density_rank=999th | population_census = 7,288,010|population_census_year=2000| GDP_PPP = $000 billion|GDP_PPP_year=2003|GDP_PPP_rank=35th| GDP_nominal = $000 billion|GDP_nominal_year=2003|GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $000|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=8th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $000|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=3rd| sovereignty_type =[[Independence]] | established_events =- Declared<br> - Recognised<br> | established_dates = <br> | currency = |currency_code=NAD| time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.na]] | calling_code = 264| footnotes = | }} {{Bisé ya Afrika}} {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] 7308 2005-12-10T14:57:59Z Moyogo 11 justice → bosémbo, (LINGOMBA LYA BANTOMA BA EKOLO) {{Infobox_country| common_name = Namibia | native_name = Republic of Namibia<br><br><br>| image_flag = Namibia flag medium.png | image_coat = Namibia_coa.png | image_map = LocationNamibia.png | national_motto = Unity, Liberty, Justice<br>(Lingála: bɔ́kɔ́, bonsɔ́mi, bosémbo)| national_anthem = [[Namibia, Land of the Brave]] | official_languages = [[Lingɛlɛsi]]| Nkótá nasyonale = [[Ovambo]], [[Afrikaans]], [[Lialemani]]| capital = [[Windhoek]] (lialémani: Windhuk) |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| largest_city = [[Windhoek]] (lialémani: Windhuk) | government_type = [[Republiki]] | leader_titles = | leader_names = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[]] | area = 824.292|area_rank=999nd|area_magnitude=1 E10|percent_water=0.0| population_estimate = 1.954.033|population_estimate_year=2004|population_estimate_rank=999nd | population_density = 2.4|population_density_rank=999th | population_census = 7,288,010|population_census_year=2000| GDP_PPP = $000 billion|GDP_PPP_year=2003|GDP_PPP_rank=35th| GDP_nominal = $000 billion|GDP_nominal_year=2003|GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $000|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=8th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $000|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=3rd| sovereignty_type =[[Independence]] | established_events =- Declared<br> - Recognised<br> | established_dates = <br> | currency = |currency_code=NAD| time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.na]] | calling_code = 264| footnotes = | }} {{Bisé ya Afrika}} {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] 7592 2006-01-10T02:19:45Z Moyogo 11 {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Namibia | nkómbó_na_lokóta = Republic of Namibia<br><br><br>| image_flag = Flag_of_Namibia.svg | image_coat = Namibia_coa.png | image_map = LocationNamibia.png | national_motto = Unity, Liberty, Justice<br>(Lingála: bɔ́kɔ́, bonsɔ́mi, bosémbo)| national_anthem = [[Namibia, Land of the Brave]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Lingɛlɛsi]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = [[Ovambo]], [[Afrikaans]], [[Lialemani]]| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Windhoek]] (lialémani: Windhuk) |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| largest_city = [[Windhoek]] (lialémani: Windhuk) | government_type = [[Republiki]] | leader_titles = | leader_names = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[]] | area = 824.292|area_rank=999nd|area_magnitude=1 E10|percent_water=0.0| population_estimate = 1.954.033|population_estimate_year=2004|population_estimate_rank=999nd | population_density = 2.4|population_density_rank=999th | population_census = 7,288,010|population_census_year=2000| GDP_PPP = $000 billion|GDP_PPP_year=2003|GDP_PPP_rank=35th| GDP_nominal = $000 billion|GDP_nominal_year=2003|GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $000|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=8th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $000|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=3rd| sovereignty_type =[[Independence]] | established_events =- Declared<br> - Recognised<br> | established_dates = <br> | currency = |currency_code=NAD| time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.na]] | calling_code = 264| footnotes = | }} {{Bisé ya Afrika}} {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[en:Namibia]] [[fr:Namibie]] 7972 2006-04-05T05:01:27Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: af, am, an, ang, ar, ast, bg, bs, ca, cs, cy, da, de, el, eo, es, et, eu, fa, fi, gl, he, hr, hu, id, io, is, it, ja, ko, ks, kw, la, lb, lt, lv, mr, ms, nds, nl, nn, no, oc, pl, pt, ro, ru, sa, sh, simple, sk, sl, sq, sr, sv, tl, tr, {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Namibia | nkómbó_na_lokóta = Republic of Namibia<br><br><br>| image_flag = Flag_of_Namibia.svg | image_coat = Namibia_coa.png | image_map = LocationNamibia.png | national_motto = Unity, Liberty, Justice<br>(Lingála: bɔ́kɔ́, bonsɔ́mi, bosémbo)| national_anthem = [[Namibia, Land of the Brave]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Lingɛlɛsi]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = [[Ovambo]], [[Afrikaans]], [[Lialemani]]| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Windhoek]] (lialémani: Windhuk) |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| largest_city = [[Windhoek]] (lialémani: Windhuk) | government_type = [[Republiki]] | leader_titles = | leader_names = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[]] | area = 824.292|area_rank=999nd|area_magnitude=1 E10|percent_water=0.0| population_estimate = 1.954.033|population_estimate_year=2004|population_estimate_rank=999nd | population_density = 2.4|population_density_rank=999th | population_census = 7,288,010|population_census_year=2000| GDP_PPP = $000 billion|GDP_PPP_year=2003|GDP_PPP_rank=35th| GDP_nominal = $000 billion|GDP_nominal_year=2003|GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $000|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=8th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $000|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=3rd| sovereignty_type =[[Independence]] | established_events =- Declared<br> - Recognised<br> | established_dates = <br> | currency = |currency_code=NAD| time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.na]] | calling_code = 264| footnotes = | }} {{Bisé ya Afrika}} {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[af:Namibië]] [[am:ናሚቢያ]] [[an:Namibia]] [[ang:Namibia]] [[ar:ناميبيا]] [[ast:Namibia]] [[bg:Намибия]] [[bs:Namibija]] [[ca:Namíbia]] [[cs:Namibie]] [[cy:Namibia]] [[da:Namibia]] [[de:Namibia]] [[el:Ναμίμπια]] [[en:Namibia]] [[eo:Namibio]] [[es:Namibia]] [[et:Namiibia]] [[eu:Namibia]] [[fa:نامیبیا]] [[fi:Namibia]] [[fr:Namibie]] [[gl:Namibia]] [[he:נמיביה]] [[hr:Namibija]] [[hu:Namíbia]] [[id:Namibia]] [[io:Namibia]] [[is:Namibía]] [[it:Namibia]] [[ja:ナミビア]] [[ko:나미비아]] [[ks:नमीबिया]] [[kw:Namibi]] [[la:Namibia]] [[lb:Namibien]] [[lt:Namibija]] [[lv:Namībija]] [[mr:नामिबिया]] [[ms:Namibia]] [[nds:Namibia]] [[nl:Namibië]] [[nn:Namibia]] [[no:Namibia]] [[oc:Namibia]] [[pl:Namibia]] [[pt:Namíbia]] [[ro:Namibia]] [[ru:Намибия]] [[sa:नमीबिया]] [[sh:Namibija]] [[simple:Namibia]] [[sk:Namíbia]] [[sl:Namibija]] [[sq:Namibia]] [[sr:Намибија]] [[sv:Namibia]] [[tl:Namibia]] [[tr:Namibya]] [[uk:Намібія]] [[zh:纳米比亚]] [[zh-min-nan:Namibia]] 8019 2006-04-16T00:14:23Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: mk {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Namibia | nkómbó_na_lokóta = Republic of Namibia<br><br><br>| image_flag = Flag_of_Namibia.svg | image_coat = Namibia_coa.png | image_map = LocationNamibia.png | national_motto = Unity, Liberty, Justice<br>(Lingála: bɔ́kɔ́, bonsɔ́mi, bosémbo)| national_anthem = [[Namibia, Land of the Brave]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Lingɛlɛsi]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = [[Ovambo]], [[Afrikaans]], [[Lialemani]]| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Windhoek]] (lialémani: Windhuk) |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| largest_city = [[Windhoek]] (lialémani: Windhuk) | government_type = [[Republiki]] | leader_titles = | leader_names = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[]] | area = 824.292|area_rank=999nd|area_magnitude=1 E10|percent_water=0.0| population_estimate = 1.954.033|population_estimate_year=2004|population_estimate_rank=999nd | population_density = 2.4|population_density_rank=999th | population_census = 7,288,010|population_census_year=2000| GDP_PPP = $000 billion|GDP_PPP_year=2003|GDP_PPP_rank=35th| GDP_nominal = $000 billion|GDP_nominal_year=2003|GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $000|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=8th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $000|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=3rd| sovereignty_type =[[Independence]] | established_events =- Declared<br> - Recognised<br> | established_dates = <br> | currency = |currency_code=NAD| time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.na]] | calling_code = 264| footnotes = | }} {{Bisé ya Afrika}} {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[af:Namibië]] [[am:ናሚቢያ]] [[an:Namibia]] [[ang:Namibia]] [[ar:ناميبيا]] [[ast:Namibia]] [[bg:Намибия]] [[bs:Namibija]] [[ca:Namíbia]] [[cs:Namibie]] [[cy:Namibia]] [[da:Namibia]] [[de:Namibia]] [[el:Ναμίμπια]] [[en:Namibia]] [[eo:Namibio]] [[es:Namibia]] [[et:Namiibia]] [[eu:Namibia]] [[fa:نامیبیا]] [[fi:Namibia]] [[fr:Namibie]] [[gl:Namibia]] [[he:נמיביה]] [[hr:Namibija]] [[hu:Namíbia]] [[id:Namibia]] [[io:Namibia]] [[is:Namibía]] [[it:Namibia]] [[ja:ナミビア]] [[ko:나미비아]] [[ks:नमीबिया]] [[kw:Namibi]] [[la:Namibia]] [[lb:Namibien]] [[lt:Namibija]] [[lv:Namībija]] [[mk:Намибија]] [[mr:नामिबिया]] [[ms:Namibia]] [[nds:Namibia]] [[nl:Namibië]] [[nn:Namibia]] [[no:Namibia]] [[oc:Namibia]] [[pl:Namibia]] [[pt:Namíbia]] [[ro:Namibia]] [[ru:Намибия]] [[sa:नमीबिया]] [[sh:Namibija]] [[simple:Namibia]] [[sk:Namíbia]] [[sl:Namibija]] [[sq:Namibia]] [[sr:Намибија]] [[sv:Namibia]] [[tl:Namibia]] [[tr:Namibya]] [[uk:Намібія]] [[zh:纳米比亚]] [[zh-min-nan:Namibia]] 8292 2006-05-29T10:54:04Z Moyogo 11 {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Namibia | nkómbó_na_lokóta = Republic of Namibia<br><br><br>| image_flag = Flag_of_Namibia.svg | image_coat = Namibia_coa.png | image_map = LocationNamibia.png | mokáno = Unity, Liberty, Justice<br>(Lingála: bɔ́kɔ́, bonsɔ́mi, bosémbo)| loyémbo = [[Namibia, Land of the Brave]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Lingɛlɛsi]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = [[Ovambo]], [[Afrikaans]], [[Lialemani]]| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Windhoek]] (lialémani: Windhuk) |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| largest_city = [[Windhoek]] (lialémani: Windhuk) | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]] | babengí_mokambi = | nkómbó_mokambi = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[]] | etando = 824.292|etando_koleka=999nd|etando_bonɛ́nɛ=1 E10|ndámbo_mái=0.0| population_estimate = 1.954.033|population_estimate_year=2004|population_estimate_rank=999nd | population_density = 2.4|population_density_rank=999th | population_census = 7,288,010|population_census_year=2000| GDP_PPP = $000 billion|GDP_PPP_year=2003|GDP_PPP_rank=35th| GDP_nominal = $000 billion|GDP_nominal_year=2003|GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $000|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=8th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $000|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=3rd| sovereignty_type =[[Independence]] | established_events =- Declared<br> - Recognised<br> | established_dates = <br> | mosɔlɔ = |currency_code=NAD| ngonga = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | ngonga_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.na]] | calling_code = 264| footnotes = | }} {{Bisé ya Afrika}} {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[af:Namibië]] [[am:ናሚቢያ]] [[an:Namibia]] [[ang:Namibia]] [[ar:ناميبيا]] [[ast:Namibia]] [[bg:Намибия]] [[bs:Namibija]] [[ca:Namíbia]] [[cs:Namibie]] [[cy:Namibia]] [[da:Namibia]] [[de:Namibia]] [[el:Ναμίμπια]] [[en:Namibia]] [[eo:Namibio]] [[es:Namibia]] [[et:Namiibia]] [[eu:Namibia]] [[fa:نامیبیا]] [[fi:Namibia]] [[fr:Namibie]] [[gl:Namibia]] [[he:נמיביה]] [[hr:Namibija]] [[hu:Namíbia]] [[id:Namibia]] [[io:Namibia]] [[is:Namibía]] [[it:Namibia]] [[ja:ナミビア]] [[ko:나미비아]] [[ks:नमीबिया]] [[kw:Namibi]] [[la:Namibia]] [[lb:Namibien]] [[lt:Namibija]] [[lv:Namībija]] [[mk:Намибија]] [[mr:नामिबिया]] [[ms:Namibia]] [[nds:Namibia]] [[nl:Namibië]] [[nn:Namibia]] [[no:Namibia]] [[oc:Namibia]] [[pl:Namibia]] [[pt:Namíbia]] [[ro:Namibia]] [[ru:Намибия]] [[sa:नमीबिया]] [[sh:Namibija]] [[simple:Namibia]] [[sk:Namíbia]] [[sl:Namibija]] [[sq:Namibia]] [[sr:Намибија]] [[sv:Namibia]] [[tl:Namibia]] [[tr:Namibya]] [[uk:Намібія]] [[zh:纳米比亚]] [[zh-min-nan:Namibia]] 8296 2006-05-29T10:55:44Z Moyogo 11 {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Namibia | nkómbó_na_lokóta = Republic of Namibia<br><br><br>| image_flag = Flag_of_Namibia.svg | image_coat = Namibia_coa.png | image_map = LocationNamibia.png | mokáno = Unity, Liberty, Justice<br>(Lingála: bɔ́kɔ́, bonsɔ́mi, bosémbo)| loyémbo = [[Namibia, Land of the Brave]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Lingɛlɛsi]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = [[Ovambo]], [[Afrikaans]], [[Lialemani]]| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Windhoek]] (lialémani: Windhuk) |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Windhoek]] (lialémani: Windhuk) | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]] | babengí_mokambi = | nkómbó_mokambi = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[]] | etando = 824.292|etando_koleka=999nd|etando_bonɛ́nɛ=1 E10|ndámbo_mái=0.0| population_estimate = 1.954.033|population_estimate_year=2004|population_estimate_rank=999nd | population_density = 2.4|population_density_rank=999th | population_census = 7,288,010|population_census_year=2000| GDP_PPP = $000 billion|GDP_PPP_year=2003|GDP_PPP_rank=35th| GDP_nominal = $000 billion|GDP_nominal_year=2003|GDP_nominal_rank=17th| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $000|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=8th| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $000|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=3rd| sovereignty_type =[[Independence]] | established_events =- Declared<br> - Recognised<br> | established_dates = <br> | mosɔlɔ = |currency_code=NAD| ngonga = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | ngonga_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.na]] | calling_code = 264| footnotes = | }} {{Bisé ya Afrika}} {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[af:Namibië]] [[am:ናሚቢያ]] [[an:Namibia]] [[ang:Namibia]] [[ar:ناميبيا]] [[ast:Namibia]] [[bg:Намибия]] [[bs:Namibija]] [[ca:Namíbia]] [[cs:Namibie]] [[cy:Namibia]] [[da:Namibia]] [[de:Namibia]] [[el:Ναμίμπια]] [[en:Namibia]] [[eo:Namibio]] [[es:Namibia]] [[et:Namiibia]] [[eu:Namibia]] [[fa:نامیبیا]] [[fi:Namibia]] [[fr:Namibie]] [[gl:Namibia]] [[he:נמיביה]] [[hr:Namibija]] [[hu:Namíbia]] [[id:Namibia]] [[io:Namibia]] [[is:Namibía]] [[it:Namibia]] [[ja:ナミビア]] [[ko:나미비아]] [[ks:नमीबिया]] [[kw:Namibi]] [[la:Namibia]] [[lb:Namibien]] [[lt:Namibija]] [[lv:Namībija]] [[mk:Намибија]] [[mr:नामिबिया]] [[ms:Namibia]] [[nds:Namibia]] [[nl:Namibië]] [[nn:Namibia]] [[no:Namibia]] [[oc:Namibia]] [[pl:Namibia]] [[pt:Namíbia]] [[ro:Namibia]] [[ru:Намибия]] [[sa:नमीबिया]] [[sh:Namibija]] [[simple:Namibia]] [[sk:Namíbia]] [[sl:Namibija]] [[sq:Namibia]] [[sr:Намибија]] [[sv:Namibia]] [[tl:Namibia]] [[tr:Namibya]] [[uk:Намібія]] [[zh:纳米比亚]] [[zh-min-nan:Namibia]] 8322 2006-05-30T08:06:02Z Moyogo 11 {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Namibia | nkómbó_na_lokóta = Republic of Namibia<br><br><br>| image_flag = Flag_of_Namibia.svg | image_coat = Namibia_coa.png | image_map = LocationNamibia.png | mokáno = Unity, Liberty, Justice<br>(Lingála: bɔ́kɔ́, bonsɔ́mi, bosémbo)| loyémbo = [[Namibia, Land of the Brave]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Lingɛlɛsi]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = [[Ovambo]], [[Afrikaans]], [[Lialemani]]| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Windhoek]] (lialémani: Windhuk) |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Windhoek]] (lialémani: Windhuk) | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]] | babengí_mokambi = | nkómbó_mokambi = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[]] | etando = 824.292|etando_limati = - |etando_bonɛ́nɛ=1 E10|ndámbo_mái=0.0| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 1 954 033| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2004| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati= - | bato_na_etando = 2,4| bato_na_etando_limati=- | bato_botángi = 7 288 010| bato_botángi_mbúla= 2000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = -| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=-| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=-| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = -| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=-| sovereignty_type =[[Independence]] | established_events =- Declared<br> - Recognised<br> | established_dates = <br> | mosɔlɔ = |currency_code=NAD| ngonga = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | ngonga_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.na]] | calling_code = 264| footnotes = | }} {{Bisé ya Afrika}} {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[af:Namibië]] [[am:ናሚቢያ]] [[an:Namibia]] [[ang:Namibia]] [[ar:ناميبيا]] [[ast:Namibia]] [[bg:Намибия]] [[bs:Namibija]] [[ca:Namíbia]] [[cs:Namibie]] [[cy:Namibia]] [[da:Namibia]] [[de:Namibia]] [[el:Ναμίμπια]] [[en:Namibia]] [[eo:Namibio]] [[es:Namibia]] [[et:Namiibia]] [[eu:Namibia]] [[fa:نامیبیا]] [[fi:Namibia]] [[fr:Namibie]] [[gl:Namibia]] [[he:נמיביה]] [[hr:Namibija]] [[hu:Namíbia]] [[id:Namibia]] [[io:Namibia]] [[is:Namibía]] [[it:Namibia]] [[ja:ナミビア]] [[ko:나미비아]] [[ks:नमीबिया]] [[kw:Namibi]] [[la:Namibia]] [[lb:Namibien]] [[lt:Namibija]] [[lv:Namībija]] [[mk:Намибија]] [[mr:नामिबिया]] [[ms:Namibia]] [[nds:Namibia]] [[nl:Namibië]] [[nn:Namibia]] [[no:Namibia]] [[oc:Namibia]] [[pl:Namibia]] [[pt:Namíbia]] [[ro:Namibia]] [[ru:Намибия]] [[sa:नमीबिया]] [[sh:Namibija]] [[simple:Namibia]] [[sk:Namíbia]] [[sl:Namibija]] [[sq:Namibia]] [[sr:Намибија]] [[sv:Namibia]] [[tl:Namibia]] [[tr:Namibya]] [[uk:Намібія]] [[zh:纳米比亚]] [[zh-min-nan:Namibia]] 8331 2006-05-31T14:51:50Z Moyogo 11 {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Namibia | nkómbó_na_lokóta = Republic of Namibia<br><br><br>| image_flag = Flag_of_Namibia.svg | image_coat = Namibia_coa.png | image_map = LocationNamibia.png | mokáno = Unity, Liberty, Justice<br>(Lingála: bɔ́kɔ́, bonsɔ́mi, bosémbo)| loyémbo = [[Namibia, Land of the Brave]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Lingɛlɛsi]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = [[Ovambo]], [[Afrikaans]], [[Lialemani]]| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Windhoek]] (lialémani: Windhuk) |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Windhoek]] (lialémani: Windhuk) | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]] | babengí_mokambi = | nkómbó_mokambi = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[]] | etando = 824.292|etando_limati = - |etando_bonɛ́nɛ=1 E10|ndámbo_mái=0.0| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 1 954 033| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2004| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati= - | bato_na_etando = 2,4| bato_na_etando_limati=- | bato_botángi = 7 288 010| bato_botángi_mbúla= 2000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = -| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=-| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=-| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = -| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=-| sovereignty_type =[[Independence]] | established_events =- Declared<br> - Recognised<br> | established_dates = <br> | mosɔlɔ = |currency_code=NAD| ngonga = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | ngonga_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.na]] | calling_code = 264| footnotes = | }} '''Namibia''' ezalí [[esé]] na [[nsé]] ya [[Afríka]]. {{Bisé ya Afrika}} {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Namibia|*]] [[af:Namibië]] [[am:ናሚቢያ]] [[an:Namibia]] [[ang:Namibia]] [[ar:ناميبيا]] [[ast:Namibia]] [[bg:Намибия]] [[bs:Namibija]] [[ca:Namíbia]] [[cs:Namibie]] [[cy:Namibia]] [[da:Namibia]] [[de:Namibia]] [[el:Ναμίμπια]] [[en:Namibia]] [[eo:Namibio]] [[es:Namibia]] [[et:Namiibia]] [[eu:Namibia]] [[fa:نامیبیا]] [[fi:Namibia]] [[fr:Namibie]] [[gl:Namibia]] [[he:נמיביה]] [[hr:Namibija]] [[hu:Namíbia]] [[id:Namibia]] [[io:Namibia]] [[is:Namibía]] [[it:Namibia]] [[ja:ナミビア]] [[ko:나미비아]] [[ks:नमीबिया]] [[kw:Namibi]] [[la:Namibia]] [[lb:Namibien]] [[lt:Namibija]] [[lv:Namībija]] [[mk:Намибија]] [[mr:नामिबिया]] [[ms:Namibia]] [[nds:Namibia]] [[nl:Namibië]] [[nn:Namibia]] [[no:Namibia]] [[oc:Namibia]] [[pl:Namibia]] [[pt:Namíbia]] [[ro:Namibia]] [[ru:Намибия]] [[sa:नमीबिया]] [[sh:Namibija]] [[simple:Namibia]] [[sk:Namíbia]] [[sl:Namibija]] [[sq:Namibia]] [[sr:Намибија]] [[sv:Namibia]] [[tl:Namibia]] [[tr:Namibya]] [[uk:Намібія]] [[zh:纳米比亚]] [[zh-min-nan:Namibia]] 8907 2006-07-14T13:02:38Z 81.82.194.93 {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Namibia | nkómbó_na_lokóta = Republic of Namibia<br><br><br>| image_flag = Flag_of_Namibia.svg | image_coat = Namibia_coa.png | image_map = LocationNamibia.png | mokáno = Unity, Liberty, Justice<br>(Lingála: bɔ́kɔ́, bonsɔ́mi, bosémbo)| loyémbo = [[Namibia, Land of the Brave]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Lingɛlɛsi]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = [[Ovambo]], [[Afrikaans]], [[Lialemani]]| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Windhoek]] (lialémani: Windhuk) |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Windhoek]] (lialémani: Windhuk) | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]] | babengí_mokambi = | nkómbó_mokambi = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[]] | etando = 824.292|etando_limati = - |etando_bonɛ́nɛ=1 E10|ndámbo_mái=0.0| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 1 954 033| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2004| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati= - | bato_na_etando = 2,4| bato_na_etando_limati=- | bato_botángi = 7 288 010| bato_botángi_mbúla= 2000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = -| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=-| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=-| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = -| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=-| sovereignty_type =[[Independence]] | established_events =- Declared<br> - Recognised<br> | established_dates = <br> | mosɔlɔ = |currency_code=NAD| ngonga = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | ngonga_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.na]] | calling_code = 264| footnotes = | }} '''Namibia''' ezalí [[esé]] na [[nsé]] ya [[Afríka]]. {{Bisé ya Afrika}} {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Namibia|*]] [[af:Namibië]] [[am:ናሚቢያ]] [[an:Namibia]] [[ang:Namibia]] [[ar:ناميبيا]] [[ast:Namibia]] [[bg:Намибия]] [[bs:Namibija]] [[ca:Namíbia]] [[cs:Namibie]] [[cy:Namibia]] [[da:Namibia]] [[de:Namibia]] [[el:Ναμίμπια]] [[en:Namibia]] [[eo:Namibio]] [[es:Namibia]] [[et:Namiibia]] [[eu:Namibia]] [[fa:نامیبیا]] [[fi:Namibia]] [[fr:Namibie]] [[gl:Namibia]] [[he:נמיביה]] [[hr:Namibija]] [[hu:Namíbia]] [[id:Namibia]] [[io:Namibia]] [[is:Namibía]] [[it:Namibia]] [[ja:ナミビア]] [[ko:나미비아]] [[ks:नमीबिया]] [[kw:Namibi]] [[la:Namibia]] [[lb:Namibien]] [[lt:Namibija]] [[lv:Namībija]] [[mk:Намибија]] [[mr:नामिबिया]] [[ms:Namibia]] [[nds:Namibia]] [[nl:Namibië]] [[nn:Namibia]] [[no:Namibia]] [[oc:Namibia]] [[pl:Namibia]] [[pt:Namíbia]] [[ro:Namibia]] [[ru:Намибия]] [[sa:नमीबिया]] [[sh:Namibija]] [[simple:Namibia]] [[sk:Namíbia]] [[sl:Namibija]] [[sq:Namibia]] [[sr:Намибија]] [[sv:Namibia]] [[tl:Namibia]] [[tr:Namibya]] [[uk:Намібія]] [[zh:纳米比亚]] [[zh-min-nan:Namibia]] 9047 2006-08-02T06:24:18Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: be, ka, pam, se, sw, th, ug, vi {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Namibia | nkómbó_na_lokóta = Republic of Namibia<br><br><br>| image_flag = Flag_of_Namibia.svg | image_coat = Namibia_coa.png | image_map = LocationNamibia.png | mokáno = Unity, Liberty, Justice<br>(Lingála: bɔ́kɔ́, bonsɔ́mi, bosémbo)| loyémbo = [[Namibia, Land of the Brave]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Lingɛlɛsi]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = [[Ovambo]], [[Afrikaans]], [[Lialemani]]| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Windhoek]] (lialémani: Windhuk) |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Windhoek]] (lialémani: Windhuk) | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]] | babengí_mokambi = | nkómbó_mokambi = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[]] | etando = 824.292|etando_limati = - |etando_bonɛ́nɛ=1 E10|ndámbo_mái=0.0| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 1 954 033| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2004| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati= - | bato_na_etando = 2,4| bato_na_etando_limati=- | bato_botángi = 7 288 010| bato_botángi_mbúla= 2000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = -| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=-| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=-| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = -| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=-| sovereignty_type =[[Independence]] | established_events =- Declared<br> - Recognised<br> | established_dates = <br> | mosɔlɔ = |currency_code=NAD| ngonga = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | ngonga_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.na]] | calling_code = 264| footnotes = | }} '''Namibia''' ezalí [[esé]] na [[nsé]] ya [[Afríka]]. {{Bisé ya Afrika}} {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Namibia|*]] [[af:Namibië]] [[am:ናሚቢያ]] [[an:Namibia]] [[ang:Namibia]] [[ar:ناميبيا]] [[ast:Namibia]] [[be:Намібія]] [[bg:Намибия]] [[bs:Namibija]] [[ca:Namíbia]] [[cs:Namibie]] [[cy:Namibia]] [[da:Namibia]] [[de:Namibia]] [[el:Ναμίμπια]] [[en:Namibia]] [[eo:Namibio]] [[es:Namibia]] [[et:Namiibia]] [[eu:Namibia]] [[fa:نامیبیا]] [[fi:Namibia]] [[fr:Namibie]] [[gl:Namibia]] [[he:נמיביה]] [[hr:Namibija]] [[hu:Namíbia]] [[id:Namibia]] [[io:Namibia]] [[is:Namibía]] [[it:Namibia]] [[ja:ナミビア]] [[ka:ნამიბია]] [[ko:나미비아]] [[ks:नमीबिया]] [[kw:Namibi]] [[la:Namibia]] [[lb:Namibien]] [[lt:Namibija]] [[lv:Namībija]] [[mk:Намибија]] [[mr:नामिबिया]] [[ms:Namibia]] [[nds:Namibia]] [[nl:Namibië]] [[nn:Namibia]] [[no:Namibia]] [[oc:Namibia]] [[pam:Namibia]] [[pl:Namibia]] [[pt:Namíbia]] [[ro:Namibia]] [[ru:Намибия]] [[sa:नमीबिया]] [[se:Namibia]] [[sh:Namibija]] [[simple:Namibia]] [[sk:Namíbia]] [[sl:Namibija]] [[sq:Namibia]] [[sr:Намибија]] [[sv:Namibia]] [[sw:Namibia]] [[th:ประเทศนามิเบีย]] [[tl:Namibia]] [[tr:Namibya]] [[ug:نامبىيە]] [[uk:Намібія]] [[vi:Namibia]] [[zh:纳米比亚]] [[zh-min-nan:Namibia]] 9398 2006-09-30T17:35:16Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: hy, ilo, ku, tg {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Namibia | nkómbó_na_lokóta = Republic of Namibia<br><br><br>| image_flag = Flag_of_Namibia.svg | image_coat = Namibia_coa.png | image_map = LocationNamibia.png | mokáno = Unity, Liberty, Justice<br>(Lingála: bɔ́kɔ́, bonsɔ́mi, bosémbo)| loyémbo = [[Namibia, Land of the Brave]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Lingɛlɛsi]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = [[Ovambo]], [[Afrikaans]], [[Lialemani]]| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Windhoek]] (lialémani: Windhuk) |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Windhoek]] (lialémani: Windhuk) | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]] | babengí_mokambi = | nkómbó_mokambi = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[]] | etando = 824.292|etando_limati = - |etando_bonɛ́nɛ=1 E10|ndámbo_mái=0.0| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 1 954 033| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2004| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati= - | bato_na_etando = 2,4| bato_na_etando_limati=- | bato_botángi = 7 288 010| bato_botángi_mbúla= 2000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = -| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=-| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=-| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = -| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=-| sovereignty_type =[[Independence]] | established_events =- Declared<br> - Recognised<br> | established_dates = <br> | mosɔlɔ = |currency_code=NAD| ngonga = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | ngonga_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.na]] | calling_code = 264| footnotes = | }} '''Namibia''' ezalí [[esé]] na [[nsé]] ya [[Afríka]]. {{Bisé ya Afrika}} {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Namibia|*]] [[af:Namibië]] [[am:ናሚቢያ]] [[an:Namibia]] [[ang:Namibia]] [[ar:ناميبيا]] [[ast:Namibia]] [[be:Намібія]] [[bg:Намибия]] [[bs:Namibija]] [[ca:Namíbia]] [[cs:Namibie]] [[cy:Namibia]] [[da:Namibia]] [[de:Namibia]] [[el:Ναμίμπια]] [[en:Namibia]] [[eo:Namibio]] [[es:Namibia]] [[et:Namiibia]] [[eu:Namibia]] [[fa:نامیبیا]] [[fi:Namibia]] [[fr:Namibie]] [[gl:Namibia]] [[he:נמיביה]] [[hr:Namibija]] [[hu:Namíbia]] [[hy:Նամիբիա]] [[id:Namibia]] [[ilo:Namibia]] [[io:Namibia]] [[is:Namibía]] [[it:Namibia]] [[ja:ナミビア]] [[ka:ნამიბია]] [[ko:나미비아]] [[ks:नमीबिया]] [[ku:Namîbiya]] [[kw:Namibi]] [[la:Namibia]] [[lb:Namibien]] [[lt:Namibija]] [[lv:Namībija]] [[mk:Намибија]] [[mr:नामिबिया]] [[ms:Namibia]] [[nds:Namibia]] [[nl:Namibië]] [[nn:Namibia]] [[no:Namibia]] [[oc:Namibia]] [[pam:Namibia]] [[pl:Namibia]] [[pt:Namíbia]] [[ro:Namibia]] [[ru:Намибия]] [[sa:नमीबिया]] [[se:Namibia]] [[sh:Namibija]] [[simple:Namibia]] [[sk:Namíbia]] [[sl:Namibija]] [[sq:Namibia]] [[sr:Намибија]] [[sv:Namibia]] [[sw:Namibia]] [[tg:Намибия]] [[th:ประเทศนามิเบีย]] [[tl:Namibia]] [[tr:Namibya]] [[ug:نامبىيە]] [[uk:Намібія]] [[vi:Namibia]] [[zh:纳米比亚]] [[zh-min-nan:Namibia]] 9992 2006-12-19T08:00:30Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[frp:Namibie]] {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Namibia | nkómbó_na_lokóta = Republic of Namibia<br><br><br>| image_flag = Flag_of_Namibia.svg | image_coat = Namibia_coa.png | image_map = LocationNamibia.png | mokáno = Unity, Liberty, Justice<br>(Lingála: bɔ́kɔ́, bonsɔ́mi, bosémbo)| loyémbo = [[Namibia, Land of the Brave]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Lingɛlɛsi]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = [[Ovambo]], [[Afrikaans]], [[Lialemani]]| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Windhoek]] (lialémani: Windhuk) |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Windhoek]] (lialémani: Windhuk) | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]] | babengí_mokambi = | nkómbó_mokambi = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[]] | etando = 824.292|etando_limati = - |etando_bonɛ́nɛ=1 E10|ndámbo_mái=0.0| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 1 954 033| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2004| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati= - | bato_na_etando = 2,4| bato_na_etando_limati=- | bato_botángi = 7 288 010| bato_botángi_mbúla= 2000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = -| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=-| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=-| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = -| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=-| sovereignty_type =[[Independence]] | established_events =- Declared<br> - Recognised<br> | established_dates = <br> | mosɔlɔ = |currency_code=NAD| ngonga = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 | ngonga_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 | cctld = [[.na]] | calling_code = 264| footnotes = | }} '''Namibia''' ezalí [[esé]] na [[nsé]] ya [[Afríka]]. {{Bisé ya Afrika}} {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Namibia|*]] [[af:Namibië]] [[am:ናሚቢያ]] [[an:Namibia]] [[ang:Namibia]] [[ar:ناميبيا]] [[ast:Namibia]] [[be:Намібія]] [[bg:Намибия]] [[bs:Namibija]] [[ca:Namíbia]] [[cs:Namibie]] [[cy:Namibia]] [[da:Namibia]] [[de:Namibia]] [[el:Ναμίμπια]] [[en:Namibia]] [[eo:Namibio]] [[es:Namibia]] [[et:Namiibia]] [[eu:Namibia]] [[fa:نامیبیا]] [[fi:Namibia]] [[fr:Namibie]] [[frp:Namibie]] [[gl:Namibia]] [[he:נמיביה]] [[hr:Namibija]] [[hu:Namíbia]] [[hy:Նամիբիա]] [[id:Namibia]] [[ilo:Namibia]] [[io:Namibia]] [[is:Namibía]] [[it:Namibia]] [[ja:ナミビア]] [[ka:ნამიბია]] [[ko:나미비아]] [[ks:नमीबिया]] [[ku:Namîbiya]] [[kw:Namibi]] [[la:Namibia]] [[lb:Namibien]] [[lt:Namibija]] [[lv:Namībija]] [[mk:Намибија]] [[mr:नामिबिया]] [[ms:Namibia]] [[nds:Namibia]] [[nl:Namibië]] [[nn:Namibia]] [[no:Namibia]] [[oc:Namibia]] [[pam:Namibia]] [[pl:Namibia]] [[pt:Namíbia]] [[ro:Namibia]] [[ru:Намибия]] [[sa:नमीबिया]] [[se:Namibia]] [[sh:Namibija]] [[simple:Namibia]] [[sk:Namíbia]] [[sl:Namibija]] [[sq:Namibia]] [[sr:Намибија]] [[sv:Namibia]] [[sw:Namibia]] [[tg:Намибия]] [[th:ประเทศนามิเบีย]] [[tl:Namibia]] [[tr:Namibya]] [[ug:نامبىيە]] [[uk:Намібія]] [[vi:Namibia]] [[zh:纳米比亚]] [[zh-min-nan:Namibia]] User:Node ue 1818 6209 2005-09-10T21:24:52Z Node ue 31 Mbóte, nkómbó na ngáí '''Mark Williamson'''. 6366 2005-09-28T05:55:01Z Moyogo 11 mbóte -> mbɔ́te Mbɔ́te, nkómbó na ngáí '''Mark Williamson'''. Wikipedia:Translate Interface 1819 6243 2005-09-15T12:56:43Z Bombo 12 Cette page est en anglais. Si vou parlez le français, [[Translate:FInterface|cette page]] est pour vous. ==Translate the interface!== We started to translate the interface from English to Lingála. Please help to translate. To translate, you can became an [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|administrator]] or translate [[Translate:Interface|on this page]], and an administrator will change the interface. Thank you very much. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:56, 15 septembere 2005 (UTC) your text real name Retype password Password Nickname Username Watch Go What links here Related changes Donations Show preview Show changes This is a minor edit Watch this page Cancel Edit === kobalusa Editing help Summary Random page my talk my watchlist my contributions Language === Lokótá The password you entered is incorrect (or missing). Please try again. Incorrect parameters to (.....) This is a saved version of your watchlist. Talk To be allowed to create accounts in this Wiki you have to (...........) in and have the appropriate permissions. Welcome, (....)! Your account has been created. Don't forget to change your {{SITENAME}} preferences. You are not allowed to create an account Watch this page Wanted pages Enter a username: Remember that you are only previewing your user CSS, it has not yet been saved! The user name you entered is already in use. Please choose a different name. Your signature with timestamp 6244 2005-09-15T12:58:45Z Bombo 12 Cette page est en anglais. Si vou parlez le français, [[Translate:FInterface|cette page]] est pour vous. ==Translate the interface!== We started to translate the interface from English to Lingála. Please help to translate. To translate, you can became an [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|administrator]] or translate [[Translate:Interface|on this page]], and an administrator will change the interface. Thank you very much. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:58, 15 septembere 2005 (UTC) your text real name Retype password Password Nickname Username Watch Go What links here Related changes Donations Show preview Show changes This is a minor edit Watch this page Cancel Edit === kobalusa Editing help Summary Random page my talk my watchlist my contributions Language === Lokótá The password you entered is incorrect (or missing). Please try again. Incorrect parameters to (.....) This is a saved version of your watchlist. Talk To be allowed to create accounts in this Wiki you have to (...........) in and have the appropriate permissions. Welcome, (....)! Your account has been created. Don't forget to change your {{SITENAME}} preferences. You are not allowed to create an account Watch this page Wanted pages Enter a username: Remember that you are only previewing your user CSS, it has not yet been saved! The user name you entered is already in use. Please choose a different name. Your signature with timestamp in other languages 6282 2005-09-20T14:48:03Z 160.85.2.50 propositions Cette page est en anglais. Si vou parlez le français, [[Translate:FInterface|cette page]] est pour vous. == Propositions == messages === monɔkɔ and === mpe watch === kokengela / kosenzela / kobatela view === botali no === tɛ hide === kobomba error === libungi delete === kolongola / kosilisa cancel === bobomi / bosilisi category === molɔngɔ ??? contributions === ntako statistic === motuya ya bilɔkɔ / motuya ya bato user === akosalisako / asungaka ==Translate the interface!== We started to translate the interface from English to Lingála. Please help to translate. To translate, you can became an [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|administrator]] or translate [[Translate:Interface|on this page]], and an administrator will change the interface. Thank you very much. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:58, 15 septembere 2005 (UTC) your text real name Retype password Password Nickname Username Go What links here Related changes Donations Show preview Show changes This is a minor edit Watch this page Editing help Summary Random page my talk my watchlist my contributions The password you entered is incorrect (or missing). Please try again. Incorrect parameters to (.....) This is a saved version of your watchlist. Talk To be allowed to create accounts in this Wiki you have to (...........) in and have the appropriate permissions. Welcome, (....)! Your account has been created. Don't forget to change your {{SITENAME}} preferences. You are not allowed to create an account Watch this page Wanted pages Enter a username: Remember that you are only previewing your user CSS, it has not yet been saved! The user name you entered is already in use. Please choose a different name. Your signature with timestamp in other languages == allready translated == Language === Lokótá Edit === kobalusa 6283 2005-09-20T14:49:58Z 160.85.2.50 /* Propositions */ Cette page est en anglais. Si vou parlez le français, [[Translate:FInterface|cette page]] est pour vous. == Propositions == * messages === monɔkɔ * and === mpe * watch === kokengela / kosenzela / kobatela * view === botali * no === tɛ * hide === kobomba * error === libungi * delete === kolongola / kosilisa * cancel === bobomi / bosilisi * category === molɔngɔ ??? * contributions === ntako * statistic === motuya ya bilɔkɔ / motuya ya bato * user === akosalisako / asungaka ==Translate the interface!== We started to translate the interface from English to Lingála. Please help to translate. To translate, you can became an [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|administrator]] or translate [[Translate:Interface|on this page]], and an administrator will change the interface. Thank you very much. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:58, 15 septembere 2005 (UTC) your text real name Retype password Password Nickname Username Go What links here Related changes Donations Show preview Show changes This is a minor edit Watch this page Editing help Summary Random page my talk my watchlist my contributions The password you entered is incorrect (or missing). Please try again. Incorrect parameters to (.....) This is a saved version of your watchlist. Talk To be allowed to create accounts in this Wiki you have to (...........) in and have the appropriate permissions. Welcome, (....)! Your account has been created. Don't forget to change your {{SITENAME}} preferences. You are not allowed to create an account Watch this page Wanted pages Enter a username: Remember that you are only previewing your user CSS, it has not yet been saved! The user name you entered is already in use. Please choose a different name. Your signature with timestamp in other languages == allready translated == Language === Lokótá Edit === kobalusa 6287 2005-09-21T14:29:28Z Moyogo 11 Cette page est en anglais. Si vou parlez le français, [[Translate:FInterface|cette page]] est pour vous. == Propositions == * error === mbéba * and === mpé * no === tɛ̂ * Go === kokɛndɛ * your text === nkomá na yɔ̌ * real name === nkómbó ya sɔ̌lɔ́ * Watch this page === Kobáta lonkásá óyo * messages === monɔkɔ ? * watch === kokengela / kosenzela / kobatela ? * view === botali ? * hide === kobomba ? * delete === kolongola / kosilisa ? * cancel === bobomi / bosilisi ? * category === molɔngɔ ? * contributions === ntako ? * statistic === motuya ya bilɔkɔ / motuya ya bato ? * user === akosalisako / asungaka ? ==Translate the interface!== We started to translate the interface from English to Lingála. Please help to translate. To translate, you can became an [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|administrator]] or translate [[Translate:Interface|on this page]], and an administrator will change the interface. Thank you very much. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:58, 15 septembere 2005 (UTC) Retype password Password Nickname Username What links here Related changes Donations Show preview Show changes This is a minor edit Watch this page Editing help Summary Random page my talk === * na ngáí my watchlist === * na ngáí my contributions === * na ngáí The password you entered is incorrect (or missing). Please try again. Incorrect parameters to (.....) This is a saved version of your watchlist. Talk === Kosolola To be allowed to create accounts in this Wiki you have to (...........) in and have the appropriate permissions. Welcome, (....)! Your account has been created. Don't forget to change your {{SITENAME}} preferences. You are not allowed to create an account Wanted pages Enter a username: Remember that you are only previewing your user CSS, it has not yet been saved! The user name you entered is already in use. Please choose a different name. Your signature with timestamp in other languages === na nkóta na yɔ̌ == allready translated == Language === Lokótá Edit === kobalusa (to verify) 6352 2005-09-27T16:54:40Z Bombo 12 Cette page est en anglais. Si vou parlez le français, [[Translate:FInterface|cette page]] est pour vous. == Propositions == * no === tɛ̂ * messages === monɔkɔ ? * watch === kokengela / kosenzela / kobatela ? * view === botali ? * hide === kobomba ? * delete === kolongola / kosilisa ? * cancel === bobomi / bosilisi ? * contributions === ntako ? * statistic === motuya ya bilɔkɔ / motuya ya bato ? * user === akosalisako / asungaka ? ==Translate the interface!== We started to translate the interface from English to Lingála. Please help to translate. To translate, you can became an [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|administrator]] or translate [[Translate:Interface|on this page]], and an administrator will change the interface. Thank you very much. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:58, 15 septembere 2005 (UTC) Retype password Password Nickname Username What links here Related changes Donations Show preview Show changes This is a minor edit Watch this page Editing help Summary Random page The password you entered is incorrect (or missing). Please try again. Incorrect parameters to (.....) This is a saved version of your watchlist. Talk === Kosolola To be allowed to create accounts in this Wiki you have to (...........) in and have the appropriate permissions. Welcome, (....)! Your account has been created. Don't forget to change your {{SITENAME}} preferences. You are not allowed to create an account Wanted pages Enter a username: Remember that you are only previewing your user CSS, it has not yet been saved! The user name you entered is already in use. Please choose a different name. Your signature with timestamp == allready translated == * Language === Lokótá * Edit === kobalusa (to verify) * error === mbéba * and === mpé * in other languages === na nkóta na yɔ̌ * my talk === * na ngáí * my watchlist === * na ngáí * my contributions === * na ngáí * Go === kokɛndɛ * your text === nkomá na yɔ̌ * real name === nkómbó ya sɔ̌lɔ́ * Watch this page === Kobáta lonkásá óyo * category === molɔngɔ 6375 2005-09-28T10:49:12Z 160.85.2.50 Cette page est en anglais. Si vou parlez le français, [[Translate:FInterface|cette page]] est pour vous. == Propositions == * no === tɛ̂ * watch === kokengela / kosenzela / kobatela ? * view === botali ? * delete === kolongola / kosilisa ? * cancel === bobomi / bosilisi ? * statistic === motuya ya bilɔkɔ / motuya ya bato ? * user === akosalisako / asungaka ? ==Translate the interface!== We started to translate the interface from English to Lingála. Please help to translate. To translate, you can became an [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|administrator]] or translate [[Translate:Interface|on this page]], and an administrator will change the interface. Thank you very much. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:58, 15 septembere 2005 (UTC) Retype password Password Nickname Username What links here Related changes Donations Show preview Show changes This is a minor edit Watch this page Editing help Summary Random page The password you entered is incorrect (or missing). Please try again. Incorrect parameters to (.....) This is a saved version of your watchlist. Talk === Kosolola To be allowed to create accounts in this Wiki you have to (...........) in and have the appropriate permissions. Welcome, (....)! Your account has been created. Don't forget to change your {{SITENAME}} preferences. You are not allowed to create an account Wanted pages Enter a username: Remember that you are only previewing your user CSS, it has not yet been saved! The user name you entered is already in use. Please choose a different name. Your signature with timestamp == allready translated == {{English--Français-Lingála}} 6749 2005-11-05T17:55:27Z Blockinblox 38 Translate:Interface moved to Wikipedia:Translate Interface Cette page est en anglais. Si vou parlez le français, [[Translate:FInterface|cette page]] est pour vous. == Propositions == * no === tɛ̂ * watch === kokengela / kosenzela / kobatela ? * view === botali ? * delete === kolongola / kosilisa ? * cancel === bobomi / bosilisi ? * statistic === motuya ya bilɔkɔ / motuya ya bato ? * user === akosalisako / asungaka ? ==Translate the interface!== We started to translate the interface from English to Lingála. Please help to translate. To translate, you can became an [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|administrator]] or translate [[Translate:Interface|on this page]], and an administrator will change the interface. Thank you very much. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:58, 15 septembere 2005 (UTC) Retype password Password Nickname Username What links here Related changes Donations Show preview Show changes This is a minor edit Watch this page Editing help Summary Random page The password you entered is incorrect (or missing). Please try again. Incorrect parameters to (.....) This is a saved version of your watchlist. Talk === Kosolola To be allowed to create accounts in this Wiki you have to (...........) in and have the appropriate permissions. Welcome, (....)! Your account has been created. Don't forget to change your {{SITENAME}} preferences. You are not allowed to create an account Wanted pages Enter a username: Remember that you are only previewing your user CSS, it has not yet been saved! The user name you entered is already in use. Please choose a different name. Your signature with timestamp == allready translated == {{English--Français-Lingála}} Wikipedia:Traduire Interface 1820 6245 2005-09-15T13:06:42Z Bombo 12 This page is in Franch. If you speak English, [[Translate:Interface|this page]] is for you. ==Traduisons les menus!== Nous avons commencé de traduire les menus (interface) de l'anglais et du fançais au Lingála. Veuillez nous aider, s'il vous plaît. Vous pouvez devenir un [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|administrateur]]. Pour les textes à traduire sur la page d'acceuil ([[Lonkásá ya liboso]]) et communtaire ([[Community portal]]), cliquez simplement sur éditer ou kobalusa [[Translate:FInterface|cette page]]. Un administrateur changera ensuit les menus. Merci beaucoup. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:06, 15 septembere 2005 (UTC) ==Textes à traduire:== Caractères spéciaux Toutes les contributions à Wikipédia sont considérées comme publiées sous les termes de la GNU Free Documentation Licence, une licence de documentation libre. Si vous ne désirez pas que vos écrits soient modifiés et distribués à volonté, ne les envoyez pas. De même, merci de ne contribuer qu'en apportant vos propres écrits ou des écrits issus d'une source libre de droits. N'UTILISEZ PAS DE TRAVAUX SOUS COPYRIGHT SANS AUTORISATION EXPRESSE ! 6246 2005-09-15T13:08:59Z Bombo 12 link This page is in Franch. If you speak English, [[Translate:Interface|this page]] is for you. ==Traduisons les menus!== Nous avons commencé de traduire les menus (interface) de l'anglais et du fançais au Lingála. Veuillez nous aider, s'il vous plaît. Vous pouvez devenir un [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|administrateur]]. Pour les textes à traduire sur la page d'acceuil ([[Lonkásá ya liboso]]) et communtaire ([[Wikipedia:Community portal]]), cliquez simplement sur éditer ou kobalusa [[Translate:FInterface|cette page]]. Un administrateur changera ensuit les menus. Merci beaucoup. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:08, 15 septembere 2005 (UTC) ==Textes à traduire:== Caractères spéciaux Toutes les contributions à Wikipédia sont considérées comme publiées sous les termes de la GNU Free Documentation Licence, une licence de documentation libre. Si vous ne désirez pas que vos écrits soient modifiés et distribués à volonté, ne les envoyez pas. De même, merci de ne contribuer qu'en apportant vos propres écrits ou des écrits issus d'une source libre de droits. N'UTILISEZ PAS DE TRAVAUX SOUS COPYRIGHT SANS AUTORISATION EXPRESSE ! 6247 2005-09-15T13:11:07Z Bombo 12 link This page is in Franch. If you speak English, [[Translate:Interface|this page]] is for you. ==Traduisons les menus!== Nous avons commencé de traduire les menus (interface) de l'anglais et du fançais au Lingála. Veuillez nous aider, s'il vous plaît. Vous pouvez devenir un [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|administrateur]]. Pour les textes à traduire sur la page d'acceuil ([[Lonkásá ya liboso]]) et communtaire ([[Wikipedia:Community_Portal]]), cliquez simplement sur éditer ou kobalusa [[Translate:FInterface|cette page]]. Un administrateur changera ensuit les menus. Merci beaucoup. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:11, 15 septembere 2005 (UTC) ==Textes à traduire:== Caractères spéciaux Toutes les contributions à Wikipédia sont considérées comme publiées sous les termes de la GNU Free Documentation Licence, une licence de documentation libre. Si vous ne désirez pas que vos écrits soient modifiés et distribués à volonté, ne les envoyez pas. De même, merci de ne contribuer qu'en apportant vos propres écrits ou des écrits issus d'une source libre de droits. N'UTILISEZ PAS DE TRAVAUX SOUS COPYRIGHT SANS AUTORISATION EXPRESSE ! 6266 2005-09-18T11:19:58Z Moyogo 11 This page is in French. If you speak English, [[Translate:Interface|this page]] is for you. ==Traduisons les menus!== Nous avons commencé à traduire les menus (interface) de l'anglais et du fançais au Lingála. Veuillez nous aider, s'il vous plaît. Vous pouvez devenir un [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|administrateur]]. Pour les textes à traduire sur la page d'acceuil ([[Lonkásá ya liboso]]) et communautaire ([[Wikipedia:Community_Portal]]), cliquez simplement sur ''kobalusa'' (modifier) [[Translate:FInterface|cette page]]. Un administrateur changera ensuit les menus. Merci beaucoup. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:11, 15 septembere 2005 (UTC) ==Textes à traduire:== Caractères spéciaux Toutes les contributions à Wikipédia sont considérées comme publiées sous les termes de la GNU Free Documentation Licence, une licence de documentation libre. Si vous ne désirez pas que vos écrits soient modifiés et distribués à volonté, ne les envoyez pas. De même, merci de ne contribuer qu'en apportant vos propres écrits ou des écrits issus d'une source libre de droits. N'UTILISEZ PAS DE TRAVAUX SOUS COPYRIGHT SANS AUTORISATION EXPRESSE ! 6745 2005-11-05T17:45:38Z Blockinblox 38 Translate:FInterface moved to Wikipedia:Traduire Interface This page is in French. If you speak English, [[Translate:Interface|this page]] is for you. ==Traduisons les menus!== Nous avons commencé à traduire les menus (interface) de l'anglais et du fançais au Lingála. Veuillez nous aider, s'il vous plaît. Vous pouvez devenir un [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|administrateur]]. Pour les textes à traduire sur la page d'acceuil ([[Lonkásá ya liboso]]) et communautaire ([[Wikipedia:Community_Portal]]), cliquez simplement sur ''kobalusa'' (modifier) [[Translate:FInterface|cette page]]. Un administrateur changera ensuit les menus. Merci beaucoup. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:11, 15 septembere 2005 (UTC) ==Textes à traduire:== Caractères spéciaux Toutes les contributions à Wikipédia sont considérées comme publiées sous les termes de la GNU Free Documentation Licence, une licence de documentation libre. Si vous ne désirez pas que vos écrits soient modifiés et distribués à volonté, ne les envoyez pas. De même, merci de ne contribuer qu'en apportant vos propres écrits ou des écrits issus d'une source libre de droits. N'UTILISEZ PAS DE TRAVAUX SOUS COPYRIGHT SANS AUTORISATION EXPRESSE ! 7153 2005-12-03T22:57:20Z Moyogo 11 This page is in French. If you speak English, [[Translate:Interface|this page]] is for you. ==Traduisons les menus!== Nous avons commencé à traduire les menus (interface) de l'anglais et du fançais au Lingála. Veuillez nous aider, s'il vous plaît. Vous pouvez devenir un [[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|administrateur]]. Pour les textes à traduire sur la page d'acceuil ([[Lonkásá ya libosó]]) et communautaire ([[Wikipedia:Community_Portal]]), cliquez simplement sur ''kobalusa'' (modifier) [[Translate:FInterface|cette page]]. Un administrateur changera ensuit les menus. Merci beaucoup. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:11, 15 septembere 2005 (UTC) ==Textes à traduire:== Caractères spéciaux Toutes les contributions à Wikipédia sont considérées comme publiées sous les termes de la GNU Free Documentation Licence, une licence de documentation libre. Si vous ne désirez pas que vos écrits soient modifiés et distribués à volonté, ne les envoyez pas. De même, merci de ne contribuer qu'en apportant vos propres écrits ou des écrits issus d'une source libre de droits. N'UTILISEZ PAS DE TRAVAUX SOUS COPYRIGHT SANS AUTORISATION EXPRESSE ! Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Lokótá 1821 6250 2005-09-15T13:54:13Z Bombo 12 <!-- Informations dans d'autres langues sur le Lingala; limité sur les anciens langues colonials de l'Afrique (il manque encore le portugais et l'espagnol!) --> <div style="margin-top:10px; border:1px solid gray; padding:5px; background-color:#dfefdf;"> <p style="font-size:1em;" lang="fr">'''Information pour ceux qui ne parlent pas le Lingála:'''</p> <p style="margin-left:2em;" lang="fr"><small>Ceci est la Wikipédia en Lingála. Le Lingála est parlé par plus de 10 million des gens dans quatre pays situé au centre de l'Afrique. Il est parlé autour Congo, au Congo (République), Congo (République démocratique), Angola et Centrafrique.</small></p> <p style="font-size:1em;" lang="en">'''Information for all non Lingála Speakers:'''</p> <p style="margin-left:2em;" lang="en"><small>This is the Lingála edition of Wikipedia. Lingála is spoken by about 10 million people in four countries in the middle of Africa. It is spoken in the area surrounding Congo River in the countries of Congo (Republic), Congo (Democratic Republic), Angola, and Centrafrican Republic.</small></p> <p style="font-size:1em;" lang="de">'''Hinweis für alle, die nicht Lingàla sprechen:'''</p> <p style="margin-left:2em;" lang="de"><small>Dies ist die Ausgabe der Wikipedia in Lingála. Lingála wird von etwa 10 Millionen Menschen in vier Ländern in der Mitte Afrikas gesprochen. Das Verbreitungsgebiet liegt rund um den Kongo in den Ländern Kongo (Republik), Kongo (Demokratische Republik), Angola, Zentralafrika und in einigen Gebieten Amerikas und Europas als Migrantensprache.</small></p> <p style="font-size:1em;" lang="it">'''Informazioni per tutti coloro che non parlano il Lingála:'''</p> <p style="margin-left:2em;" lang="it"><small>Questa è la versione Lingála di Wikipedia. Il Lingála è parlato da più di 10 millioni in quattro paesi situati centro dell'Africa. È parlato nell'area che circonda il fiume di Congo in Congo (Reppublica), Congo (Reppublica democratico), Angola e Centrafrica.</small></p> </div> 6253 2005-09-15T14:03:37Z Bombo 12 <!-- Informations dans d'autres langues sur le Lingala; limité sur les anciens langues colonials de l'Afrique (il manque encore le portugais et l'espagnol!) --> <div style="margin-top:10px; border:1px solid gray; padding:5px; background-color:#dfefdf;"> <p style="font-size:1em;" lang="fr">'''Information pour ceux qui ne parlent pas le Lingála:'''</p> <p style="margin-left:2em;" lang="fr"><small>Ceci est la Wikipédia en Lingála. Le Lingála est parlé par plus de 10 million des gens dans quatre pays situé au centre de l'Afrique. Il est parlé autour Congo, au Congo (République), Congo (République démocratique), Angola et Centrafrique.</small></p> <p style="font-size:1em;" lang="en">'''Information for all non Lingála Speakers:'''</p> <p style="margin-left:2em;" lang="en"><small>This is the Lingála edition of Wikipedia. Lingála is spoken by about 10 million people in four countries in the middle of Africa. It is spoken in the area surrounding Congo River in the countries of Congo (Republic), Congo (Democratic Republic), Angola, and Centrafrican Republic.</small></p> <p style="font-size:1em;" lang="de">'''Hinweis für alle, die nicht Lingála sprechen:'''</p> <p style="margin-left:2em;" lang="de"><small>Dies ist die Ausgabe der Wikipedia in Lingála. Lingála wird von etwa 10 Millionen Menschen in vier Ländern in der Mitte Afrikas gesprochen. Das Verbreitungsgebiet liegt rund um den Kongo in den Ländern Kongo (Republik), Kongo (Demokratische Republik), Angola, Zentralafrika.</small></p> <p style="font-size:1em;" lang="it">'''Informazioni per tutti coloro che non parlano il Lingála:'''</p> <p style="margin-left:2em;" lang="it"><small>Questa è la versione Lingála di Wikipedia. Il Lingála è parlato da più di 10 millioni in quattro paesi situati centro dell'Africa. È parlato nell'area che circonda il fiume di Congo in Congo (Reppublica), Congo (Reppublica democratico), Angola e Centrafrica.</small></p> </div> 6431 2005-10-10T13:22:01Z Moyogo 11 Template:Lokótá moved to Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Lokótá <!-- Informations dans d'autres langues sur le Lingala; limité sur les anciens langues colonials de l'Afrique (il manque encore le portugais et l'espagnol!) --> <div style="margin-top:10px; border:1px solid gray; padding:5px; background-color:#dfefdf;"> <p style="font-size:1em;" lang="fr">'''Information pour ceux qui ne parlent pas le Lingála:'''</p> <p style="margin-left:2em;" lang="fr"><small>Ceci est la Wikipédia en Lingála. Le Lingála est parlé par plus de 10 million des gens dans quatre pays situé au centre de l'Afrique. Il est parlé autour Congo, au Congo (République), Congo (République démocratique), Angola et Centrafrique.</small></p> <p style="font-size:1em;" lang="en">'''Information for all non Lingála Speakers:'''</p> <p style="margin-left:2em;" lang="en"><small>This is the Lingála edition of Wikipedia. Lingála is spoken by about 10 million people in four countries in the middle of Africa. It is spoken in the area surrounding Congo River in the countries of Congo (Republic), Congo (Democratic Republic), Angola, and Centrafrican Republic.</small></p> <p style="font-size:1em;" lang="de">'''Hinweis für alle, die nicht Lingála sprechen:'''</p> <p style="margin-left:2em;" lang="de"><small>Dies ist die Ausgabe der Wikipedia in Lingála. Lingála wird von etwa 10 Millionen Menschen in vier Ländern in der Mitte Afrikas gesprochen. Das Verbreitungsgebiet liegt rund um den Kongo in den Ländern Kongo (Republik), Kongo (Demokratische Republik), Angola, Zentralafrika.</small></p> <p style="font-size:1em;" lang="it">'''Informazioni per tutti coloro che non parlano il Lingála:'''</p> <p style="margin-left:2em;" lang="it"><small>Questa è la versione Lingála di Wikipedia. Il Lingála è parlato da più di 10 millioni in quattro paesi situati centro dell'Africa. È parlato nell'area che circonda il fiume di Congo in Congo (Reppublica), Congo (Reppublica democratico), Angola e Centrafrica.</small></p> </div> 6458 2005-10-10T15:29:49Z Moyogo 11 +es <!-- Informations dans d'autres langues sur le Lingala; limité sur les anciens langues colonials de l'Afrique (il manque encore le portugais et l'espagnol!) --> <div style="margin-top:10px; border:1px solid gray; padding:5px; background-color:#dfefdf;"> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|200px|right]] <p style="font-size:1em;" lang="fr">'''Information pour ceux qui ne parlent pas le Lingála:'''</p> <p style="margin-left:2em;" lang="fr"><small>Ceci est la Wikipédia en Lingála. Le Lingála est parlé par plus de 10 million des gens dans quatre pays situé au centre de l'Afrique. Il est parlé autour Congo, au Congo (République), Congo (République démocratique), Angola et Centrafrique.</small></p> <p style="font-size:1em;" lang="en">'''Information for all non Lingála Speakers:'''</p> <p style="margin-left:2em;" lang="en"><small>This is the Lingála edition of Wikipedia. Lingála is spoken by about 10 million people in four countries in the middle of Africa. It is spoken in the area surrounding Congo River in the countries of Congo (Republic), Congo (Democratic Republic), Angola, and Centrafrican Republic.</small></p> <p style="font-size:1em;" lang="de">'''Hinweis für alle, die nicht Lingála sprechen:'''</p> <p style="margin-left:2em;" lang="de"><small>Dies ist die Ausgabe der Wikipedia in Lingála. Lingála wird von etwa 10 Millionen Menschen in vier Ländern in der Mitte Afrikas gesprochen. Das Verbreitungsgebiet liegt rund um den Kongo in den Ländern Kongo (Republik), Kongo (Demokratische Republik), Angola, Zentralafrika.</small></p> <p style="font-size:1em;" lang="it">'''Informazioni per tutti coloro che non parlano il Lingála:'''</p> <p style="margin-left:2em;" lang="it"><small>Questa è la versione Lingála di Wikipedia. Il Lingála è parlato da più di 10 millioni in quattro paesi situati centro dell'Africa. È parlato nell'area che circonda il fiume di Congo in Congo (Reppublica), Congo (Reppublica democratico), Angola e Centrafrica.</small></p> <p style="font-size:1em;" lang="it">'''Informaciones para los que no hablan Lingála:'''</p> <p style="margin-left:2em;" lang="es"><small>Eso és la Wikipedia en. Mas de 10 miliones en cuatro países ubicados en el centro de Africa hablan Lingála. Este idioma se habla en la República del Congo, la República Democrática del Congo, Angola, y la República Centrafricana.</small></p> </div> 6465 2005-10-10T15:59:37Z Moyogo 11 <!-- Informations dans d'autres langues sur le Lingala; limité sur les anciens langues colonials de l'Afrique (il manque encore le portugais et l'espagnol!) --> <div style="margin-top:10px; border:1px solid gray; padding:5px; background-color:#dfefdf;"> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|200px|right]] <p style="font-size:1em;" lang="fr">'''Information pour ceux qui ne parlent pas le Lingála:'''</p> <p style="margin-left:2em;" lang="fr"><small>Ceci est la Wikipédia en Lingála. Le Lingála est parlé par plus de 10 million des gens dans quatre pays situé au centre de l'Afrique. Il est parlé autour Congo, au Congo (République), Congo (République démocratique), Angola et Centrafrique.</small></p> <p style="font-size:1em;" lang="en">'''Information for all non Lingála Speakers:'''</p> <p style="margin-left:2em;" lang="en"><small>This is the Lingála edition of Wikipedia. Lingála is spoken by about 10 million people in four countries in the middle of Africa. It is spoken in the area surrounding Congo River in the countries of Congo (Republic), Congo (Democratic Republic), Angola, and Centrafrican Republic.</small></p> <p style="font-size:1em;" lang="de">'''Hinweis für alle, die nicht Lingála sprechen:'''</p> <p style="margin-left:2em;" lang="de"><small>Dies ist die Ausgabe der Wikipedia in Lingála. Lingála wird von etwa 10 Millionen Menschen in vier Ländern in der Mitte Afrikas gesprochen. Das Verbreitungsgebiet liegt rund um den Kongo in den Ländern Kongo (Republik), Kongo (Demokratische Republik), Angola, Zentralafrika.</small></p> <p style="font-size:1em;" lang="it">'''Informazioni per tutti coloro che non parlano il Lingála:'''</p> <p style="margin-left:2em;" lang="it"><small>Questa è la versione Lingála di Wikipedia. Il Lingála è parlato da più di 10 millioni in quattro paesi situati centro dell'Africa. È parlato nell'area che circonda il fiume di Congo in Congo (Reppublica), Congo (Reppublica democratico), Angola e Centrafrica.</small></p> <p style="font-size:1em;" lang="it">'''Informaciones para los que no hablan Lingála:'''</p> <p style="margin-left:2em;" lang="es"><small>Eso és la Wikipedia en Lingála. Mas de 10 miliones en cuatro países ubicados en el centro de Africa hablan Lingála. Este idioma se habla en la República del Congo, la República Democrática del Congo, Angola, y la República Centrafricana.</small></p> </div> 6777 2005-11-07T14:42:29Z 81.105.217.44 <!-- Informations dans d'autres langues sur le Lingala; limité sur les anciens langues colonials de l'Afrique (il manque encore le portugais et l'espagnol!) --> <div style="margin-top:10px; border:1px solid gray; padding:5px; background-color:#dfefdf;"> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|200px|right]] <p style="font-size:1em;" lang="fr">'''Information pour ceux qui ne parlent pas le Lingála:'''</p> <p style="margin-left:2em;" lang="fr"><small>Ceci est la Wikipédia en Lingála. Le Lingála est parlé par plus de 10 million des gens dans quatre pays situé au centre de l'Afrique. Il est parlé autour Congo, au Congo (République), Congo (République démocratique), Angola et Centrafrique.</small></p> <p style="font-size:1em;" lang="en">'''Information for all non Lingála Speakers:'''</p> <p style="margin-left:2em;" lang="en"><small>This is the Lingála edition of Wikipedia. Lingála is spoken by about 10 million people in four countries in the middle of Africa. It is spoken in the area surrounding Congo River in the countries of Congo (Republic), Congo (Democratic Republic), Angola, and Centrafrican Republic.</small></p> <p style="font-size:1em;" lang="de">'''Hinweis an alle, die kein Lingála sprechen:'''</p> <p style="margin-left:2em;" lang="de"><small>Dies ist die Lingála-Ausgabe der Wikipedia. Lingála wird von etwa 10 Millionen Menschen in vier Ländern in der Mitte Afrikas gesprochen. Das Verbreitungsgebiet liegt rund um den Kongo in den Ländern Kongo (Republik), Kongo (Demokratische Republik), Angola, Zentralafrika.</small></p> <p style="font-size:1em;" lang="it">'''Informazioni per tutti coloro che non parlano il Lingála:'''</p> <p style="margin-left:2em;" lang="it"><small>Questa è la versione Lingála di Wikipedia. Il Lingála è parlato da più di 10 millioni in quattro paesi situati centro dell'Africa. È parlato nell'area che circonda il fiume di Congo in Congo (Reppublica), Congo (Reppublica democratico), Angola e Centrafrica.</small></p> <p style="font-size:1em;" lang="it">'''Informaciones para los que no hablan Lingála:'''</p> <p style="margin-left:2em;" lang="es"><small>Eso és la Wikipedia en Lingála. Mas de 10 miliones en cuatro países ubicados en el centro de Africa hablan Lingála. Este idioma se habla en la República del Congo, la República Democrática del Congo, Angola, y la República Centrafricana.</small></p> </div> 6778 2005-11-07T14:43:54Z 81.105.217.44 <!-- Informations dans d'autres langues sur le Lingala; limité sur les anciens langues colonials de l'Afrique (il manque encore le portugais et l'espagnol!) --> <div style="margin-top:10px; border:1px solid gray; padding:5px; background-color:#dfefdf;"> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|200px|right]] <p style="font-size:1em;" lang="fr">'''Information pour ceux qui ne parlent pas le Lingála:'''</p> <p style="margin-left:2em;" lang="fr"><small>Ceci est la Wikipédia en Lingála. Le Lingála est parlé par plus de 10 million des gens dans quatre pays situé au centre de l'Afrique. Il est parlé autour Congo, au Congo (République), Congo (République démocratique), Angola et Centrafrique.</small></p> <p style="font-size:1em;" lang="en">'''Information for all non Lingála Speakers:'''</p> <p style="margin-left:2em;" lang="en"><small>This is the Lingála edition of Wikipedia. Lingála is spoken by about 10 million people in four countries in the middle of Africa. It is spoken in the area surrounding Congo River in the countries of Congo (Republic), Congo (Democratic Republic), Angola, and Centrafrican Republic.</small></p> <p style="font-size:1em;" lang="de">'''Hinweis an alle, die kein Lingála sprechen:'''</p> <p style="margin-left:2em;" lang="de"><small>Dies ist die Lingála-Ausgabe der Wikipedia. Lingála wird von etwa 10 Millionen Menschen in vier Ländern in der Mitte Afrikas gesprochen. Das Verbreitungsgebiet liegt rund um den Kongo in den Ländern Kongo (Republik), Kongo (Demokratische Republik), Angola und Zentralafrika.</small></p> <p style="font-size:1em;" lang="it">'''Informazioni per tutti coloro che non parlano il Lingála:'''</p> <p style="margin-left:2em;" lang="it"><small>Questa è la versione Lingála di Wikipedia. Il Lingála è parlato da più di 10 millioni in quattro paesi situati centro dell'Africa. È parlato nell'area che circonda il fiume di Congo in Congo (Reppublica), Congo (Reppublica democratico), Angola e Centrafrica.</small></p> <p style="font-size:1em;" lang="it">'''Informaciones para los que no hablan Lingála:'''</p> <p style="margin-left:2em;" lang="es"><small>Eso és la Wikipedia en Lingála. Mas de 10 miliones en cuatro países ubicados en el centro de Africa hablan Lingála. Este idioma se habla en la República del Congo, la República Democrática del Congo, Angola, y la República Centrafricana.</small></p> </div> 6779 2005-11-07T14:47:52Z 81.105.217.44 <!-- Informations dans d'autres langues sur le Lingala; limité sur les anciens langues colonials de l'Afrique (il manque encore le portugais et l'espagnol!) --> <div style="margin-top:10px; border:1px solid gray; padding:5px; background-color:#dfefdf;"> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|200px|right]] <p style="font-size:1em;" lang="fr">'''Information pour ceux qui ne parlent pas le Lingála:'''</p> <p style="margin-left:2em;" lang="fr"><small>Ceci est la Wikipédia en Lingála. Le Lingála est parlé par plus de 10 million des gens dans quatre pays situé au centre de l'Afrique. Il est parlé autour Congo, au Congo (République), Congo (République démocratique), Angola et Centrafrique.</small></p> <p style="font-size:1em;" lang="en">'''Information for all non Lingála Speakers:'''</p> <p style="margin-left:2em;" lang="en"><small>This is the Lingála edition of Wikipedia. Lingála is spoken by about 10 million people in four countries in the middle of Africa. It is spoken in the area surrounding Congo River in the countries of Congo (Republic), Congo (Democratic Republic), Angola, and Central African Republic.</small></p> <p style="font-size:1em;" lang="de">'''Hinweis an alle, die kein Lingála sprechen:'''</p> <p style="margin-left:2em;" lang="de"><small>Dies ist die Lingála-Ausgabe der Wikipedia. Lingála wird von etwa 10 Millionen Menschen in vier Ländern in der Mitte Afrikas gesprochen. Das Verbreitungsgebiet liegt rund um den Kongo in den Ländern Kongo (Republik), Kongo (Demokratische Republik), Angola und Zentralafrika.</small></p> <p style="font-size:1em;" lang="it">'''Informazioni per tutti coloro che non parlano il Lingála:'''</p> <p style="margin-left:2em;" lang="it"><small>Questa è la versione Lingála di Wikipedia. Il Lingála è parlato da più di 10 millioni in quattro paesi situati centro dell'Africa. È parlato nell'area che circonda il fiume di Congo in Congo (Reppublica), Congo (Reppublica democratico), Angola e Centrafrica.</small></p> <p style="font-size:1em;" lang="it">'''Informaciones para los que no hablan Lingála:'''</p> <p style="margin-left:2em;" lang="es"><small>Eso és la Wikipedia en Lingála. Mas de 10 miliones en cuatro países ubicados en el centro de Africa hablan Lingála. Este idioma se habla en la República del Congo, la República Democrática del Congo, Angola, y la República Centrafricana.</small></p> </div> 8009 2006-04-15T22:33:47Z 200.234.124.200 +pt <!-- Informations dans d'autres langues sur le Lingala; limité sur les anciens langues colonials de l'Afrique (il manque encore le portugais et l'espagnol!) --> <div style="margin-top:10px; border:1px solid gray; padding:5px; background-color:#dfefdf;"> [[Image:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|200px|right]] <p style="font-size:1em;" lang="fr">'''Information pour ceux qui ne parlent pas le Lingála:'''</p> <p style="margin-left:2em;" lang="fr"><small>Ceci est la Wikipédia en Lingála. Le Lingála est parlé par plus de 10 million des gens dans quatre pays situé au centre de l'Afrique. Il est parlé autour Congo, au Congo (République), Congo (République démocratique), Angola et Centrafrique.</small></p> <p style="font-size:1em;" lang="en">'''Information for all non Lingála Speakers:'''</p> <p style="margin-left:2em;" lang="en"><small>This is the Lingála edition of Wikipedia. Lingála is spoken by about 10 million people in four countries in the middle of Africa. It is spoken in the area surrounding Congo River in the countries of Congo (Republic), Congo (Democratic Republic), Angola, and Central African Republic.</small></p> <p style="font-size:1em;" lang="de">'''Hinweis an alle, die kein Lingála sprechen:'''</p> <p style="margin-left:2em;" lang="de"><small>Dies ist die Lingála-Ausgabe der Wikipedia. Lingála wird von etwa 10 Millionen Menschen in vier Ländern in der Mitte Afrikas gesprochen. Das Verbreitungsgebiet liegt rund um den Kongo in den Ländern Kongo (Republik), Kongo (Demokratische Republik), Angola und Zentralafrika.</small></p> <p style="font-size:1em;" lang="it">'''Informazioni per tutti coloro che non parlano il Lingála:'''</p> <p style="margin-left:2em;" lang="it"><small>Questa è la versione Lingála di Wikipedia. Il Lingála è parlato da più di 10 millioni in quattro paesi situati centro dell'Africa. È parlato nell'area che circonda il fiume di Congo in Congo (Reppublica), Congo (Reppublica democratico), Angola e Centrafrica.</small></p> <p style="font-size:1em;" lang="es">'''Informaciones para los que no hablan Lingála:'''</p> <p style="margin-left:2em;" lang="es"><small>Eso és la Wikipedia en Lingála. Mas de 10 miliones en cuatro países ubicados en el centro de Africa hablan Lingála. Este idioma se habla en la República del Congo, la República Democrática del Congo, Angola, y la República Centrafricana.</small></p> <p style="font-size:1em;" lang="pt">'''Informações para quem não fala lingala:'''</p> <p style="margin-left:2em;" lang="pt"><small>Esta é a Wikipédia em lingala. Mais de 10 milhões de pessoas em quatro países localizados no centro da África falam lingala. Este idioma é falado na República do Congo, na República Democrática do Congo, em Angola e na República Centro-Africana.</small></p> </div> User:Jvano 1822 6254 2005-09-15T16:55:08Z Jvano 33 http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedista:Jvano Template:Wikipédia:Moyángeli/moyogo 1824 6284 2005-09-21T14:09:11Z Moyogo 11 ===[[User:moyogo|moyogo]]=== Currently relearning lingala, I use to speak it until I turned 6, also working on lingala localisation and word list for spellchecker, congolese keyboard and other congolese languages oriented projects. Je suis actuellement en train de réapprendre le lingala (je ne le parle plus depuis l' âge de 6 ans). Je travaille aussi sur différents projets pour le lingala (régionalisation informatique et correcteur orthographique), et des projets plus général pour les langues congolaises. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 14:09, 21 septembere 2005 (UTC) ==== Ɛɛ (pour/for) ==== ==== Tɛ̂ (contre/against) ==== ==== Kokila (s'abstenir/abstention) ==== 6286 2005-09-21T14:14:16Z Moyogo 11 /* [[User:moyogo|moyogo]] */ ===[[User:moyogo|moyogo]]=== Currently relearning lingala, I use to speak it until I turned 6, also working on lingala localisation and word list for spellchecker, congolese keyboard and other congolese languages oriented projects. Je suis actuellement en train de réapprendre le lingala (je ne le parle plus depuis l' âge de 6 ans). Je travaille aussi sur différents projets pour le lingala (régionalisation informatique et correcteur orthographique), et des projets pour les langues congolaises. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 14:09, 21 septembere 2005 (UTC) ==== Ɛɛ (pour/for) ==== ==== Tɛ̂ (contre/against) ==== ==== Kokila (s'abstenir/abstention) ==== 6295 2005-09-26T09:34:49Z 160.85.2.50 /* Ɛɛ (pour/for) */ ===[[User:moyogo|moyogo]]=== Currently relearning lingala, I use to speak it until I turned 6, also working on lingala localisation and word list for spellchecker, congolese keyboard and other congolese languages oriented projects. Je suis actuellement en train de réapprendre le lingala (je ne le parle plus depuis l' âge de 6 ans). Je travaille aussi sur différents projets pour le lingala (régionalisation informatique et correcteur orthographique), et des projets pour les langues congolaises. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 14:09, 21 septembere 2005 (UTC) ==== Ɛɛ (pour/for) ==== Moyogo participe presque dès le début. Ses contributions sont toujours bien fondé. Il est le garant pour les relations entre la linguistique et ce project. --[[User:160.85.2.50|160.85.2.50]] 09:34, 26 septembere 2005 (UTC) ==== Tɛ̂ (contre/against) ==== ==== Kokila (s'abstenir/abstention) ==== 6296 2005-09-26T09:35:37Z 160.85.2.50 /* Ɛɛ (pour/for) */ ===[[User:moyogo|moyogo]]=== Currently relearning lingala, I use to speak it until I turned 6, also working on lingala localisation and word list for spellchecker, congolese keyboard and other congolese languages oriented projects. Je suis actuellement en train de réapprendre le lingala (je ne le parle plus depuis l' âge de 6 ans). Je travaille aussi sur différents projets pour le lingala (régionalisation informatique et correcteur orthographique), et des projets pour les langues congolaises. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 14:09, 21 septembere 2005 (UTC) ==== Ɛɛ (pour/for) ==== Moyogo participe presque dès le début. Ses contributions sont toujours bien fondé. Il est le garant pour les relations entre la linguistique et ce project. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:34, 26 septembere 2005 (UTC) ==== Tɛ̂ (contre/against) ==== ==== Kokila (s'abstenir/abstention) ==== User:Moyogo/Terminologie 1825 6292 2005-09-24T22:21:40Z Moyogo 11 {| align="left" style="margin: 0 0 0.5em 1.4em; clear: right; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;" border=1 ! {{en}} !! {{fr}} !! lingála |- |(Organisation of) the United Nations ||(Organisation des) Nations unies|| [[Lisánga ya Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ́|(Lisánga ya) Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ́]] |- |Charter||Charte||Monkandá ya mibéko |- |General Assembly||Assemblée générale||Likita monɛ́nɛ |- |Universal Declaration of Human Rights||Déclaration universelle des droits de l'homme||Lisákóli ya molɔngɔ́ ya makoki ya moto |- |Declaration||Déclaration||Lisákóli |- |Member States||États membres||Bikólo ya Lisánga |- |the State||l'État||Leta |- |'''democratic''' society||société '''démocratique'''||lingómbá ya '''boyángeli lisánga''' |} 6293 2005-09-24T22:37:30Z Moyogo 11 {| align="left" style="margin: 0 0 0.5em 1.4em; clear: right; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;" border=1 ! {{en}} !! {{fr}} !! lingála |- |rowspan="2"|(Organisation of) the United Nations||rowspan="2"|(Organisation des) Nations unies|| [[Lisánga ya Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ́|(Lisánga ya) Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ́]] |- |[[Lisánga lya Bisé bînsɔ|(Lisánga lya) Bisé bînsɔ]] |- |Charter||Charte||Monkandá ya mibéko |- |General Assembly||Assemblée générale||Likita monɛ́nɛ |- |Universal Declaration of Human Rights||Déclaration universelle des droits de l'homme||Lisákóli ya molɔngɔ́ ya makoki ya moto |- |Declaration||Déclaration||Lisákóli |- |Member ''States''||''États'' membres||''Bikólo'' ya Lisánga |- |the State||l'État||Leta |- |''democratic'' society||société ''démocratique''||lingómbá ya ''boyángeli lisánga'' |- |Organisation of African Unity||Organisation de l'unité africaine||[[Lisánga lya Bisé bya Afrika]] |- |King or Kingdom||Roi ou Royaume||Mani (pl: Mani) |} 6302 2005-09-26T22:48:09Z Moyogo 11 {| align="left" style="margin: 0 0 0.5em 1.4em; clear: right; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;" border=1 ! {{en}} !! {{fr}} !! lingála |- |rowspan="2"|(Organisation of) the United Nations||rowspan="2"|(Organisation des) Nations unies|| [[Lisánga ya Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ́|(Lisánga ya) Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ́]] |- |[[Lisánga lya Bisé bînsɔ|(Lisánga lya) Bisé bînsɔ]] |- |Charter||Charte||Monkandá ya mibéko |- |General Assembly||Assemblée générale||Likita monɛ́nɛ |- |Universal Declaration of Human Rights||Déclaration universelle des droits de l'homme||Lisákóli ya molɔngɔ́ ya makoki ya moto |- |Declaration||Déclaration||Lisákóli |- |Member ''States''||''États'' membres||''Bikólo'' ya Lisánga |- |the State||l'État||Leta |- |''democratic'' society||société ''démocratique''||lingómbá ya ''boyángeli lisánga'' |- |Organisation of African Unity||Organisation de l'unité africaine||[[Lisánga lya Bisé bya Afrika]] |- |King or Kingdom||Roi ou Royaume||Mani (pl: Mani) |- |Table of Content||Table des matières||Molɔngɔ́ mwa matéya |- |Foreword||Préface||Elakisi |- |Acknowledgments||Remerciements||Matɔ́ndi |- |Explanatory note||Note explicative||Ndimbola |- |Pan-African Glossary of Sports||Lexique panafricain des sports||Maloba ma masano na [[Afríka]] |- |Track and Field||Athlétisme||[[Embala]] |- |event technique/tactic||épreuve technique/tactique||mimekano, tekiníki/mayέlε |- |Boxing||Boxe||[[Bibɔtú]] |- |Football (soccer)||Football (soccer)||[[Motópi]] |} 6303 2005-09-26T23:02:50Z Moyogo 11 {| align="left" style="margin: 0 0 0.5em 1.4em; clear: right; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;" border=1 ! {{en}} !! {{fr}} !! lingála |- |rowspan="2"|(Organisation of) the United Nations||rowspan="2"|(Organisation des) Nations unies|| [[Lisánga ya Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ́|(Lisánga ya) Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ́]] |- |[[Lisánga lya Bisé bînsɔ|(Lisánga lya) Bisé bînsɔ]] |- |Charter||Charte||Monkandá ya mibéko |- |General Assembly||Assemblée générale||Likita monɛ́nɛ |- |Universal Declaration of Human Rights||Déclaration universelle des droits de l'homme||Lisákóli ya molɔngɔ́ ya makoki ya moto |- |Declaration||Déclaration||Lisákóli |- |Member ''States''||''États'' membres||''Bikólo'' ya Lisánga |- |the State||l'État||Leta |- |''democratic'' society||société ''démocratique''||lingómbá ya ''boyángeli lisánga'' |- |Organisation of African Unity||Organisation de l'unité africaine||[[Lisánga lya Bisé bya Afrika]] |- |King or Kingdom||Roi ou Royaume||Mani (pl: Mani) |- |Table of Content||Table des matières||Molɔngɔ́ mwa matéya |- |Foreword||Préface||Elakisi |- |Acknowledgments||Remerciements||Matɔ́ndi |- |Explanatory note||Note explicative||Ndimbola |- |Pan-African Glossary of Sports||Lexique panafricain des sports||Maloba ma masano na [[Afríka]] |- |Track and Field||Athlétisme||[[Embala]] |- |event technique/tactic||épreuve technique/tactique||mimekano, tekiníki/mayέlε |- |Boxing||Boxe||[[Bibɔtú]] |- |Football (soccer)||Football (soccer)||[[Motópi]] |- | motto || devise ||[[liloba-lotómo]] |- | || || |} 6304 2005-09-26T23:12:04Z Moyogo 11 Si la traductin lingala est un lien ou en gras, la traduction a de bonnes références. Si non, elle est a vérifier. {| align="left" style="margin: 0 0 0.5em 1.4em; clear: right; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;" border=1 ! {{en}} !! {{fr}} !! lingála |- |rowspan="2"|(Organisation of) the United Nations||rowspan="2"|(Organisation des) Nations unies|| [[Lisánga ya Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ́|(Lisánga ya) Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ́]] |- |[[Lisánga lya Bisé bînsɔ|(Lisánga lya) Bisé bînsɔ]] |- |Charter||Charte||[[Monkandá ya mibéko]] |- |General Assembly||Assemblée générale||[[Likita monɛ́nɛ]] |- |Universal Declaration of Human Rights||Déclaration universelle des droits de l'homme||[[Lisákóli ya molɔngɔ́ ya makoki ya moto]] |- |Declaration||Déclaration||[[Lisákóli]] |- |Member ''States''||''États'' membres||'''''Bikólo'' ya Lisánga''' |- |the State||l'État||Leta |- |''democratic'' society||société ''démocratique''||'''lingómbá ya ''boyángeli lisánga''''' |- |Organisation of African Unity||Organisation de l'unité africaine||[[Lisánga lya Bisé bya Afrika]] |- |King or Kingdom||Roi ou Royaume||Mani (pl: Mani) |- |Table of Content||Table des matières||'''Molɔngɔ́ mwa matéya''' |- |Foreword||Préface||[[Elakisi]] |- |Acknowledgments||Remerciements||[[Matɔ́ndi]] |- |Explanatory note||Note explicative||[[Ndimbola]] |- |Pan-African Glossary of Sports||Lexique panafricain des sports||'''[[Maloba ma masano]] na [[Afríka]]''' |- |Track and Field||Athlétisme||[[Embala]] |- |event technique/tactic||épreuve technique/tactique||mimekano, tekiníki/mayɛ́lɛ |- |Boxing||Boxe||[[Bibɔtú]] |- |Football (soccer)||Football (soccer)||[[Motópi]] |- | motto || devise ||[[liloba-lotómo]] |- | translation || traduction || '''bobóngoli minkandá na nkóta''', bobóngoli na nkóta |- | Government || Gouvernement || bokonzi, bonkúmú |- | || || |} 6305 2005-09-26T23:17:16Z Moyogo 11 Si la traductin lingala est un lien ou en gras, la traduction a de bonnes références. Si non, elle est a vérifier. {| align="left" style="margin: 0 0 0.5em 1.4em; clear: right; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;" border=1 ! {{en}} !! {{fr}} !! lingála |- |rowspan="2"|(Organisation of) the United Nations||rowspan="2"|(Organisation des) Nations unies|| [[Lisánga ya Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ́|(Lisánga ya) Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ́]] |- |[[Lisánga lya Bisé bînsɔ|(Lisánga lya) Bisé bînsɔ]] |- |Charter||Charte||[[Monkandá ya mibéko]] |- |General Assembly||Assemblée générale||[[Likita monɛ́nɛ]] |- |Universal Declaration of Human Rights||Déclaration universelle des droits de l'homme||[[Lisákóli ya molɔngɔ́ ya makoki ya moto]] |- |Declaration||Déclaration||[[Lisákóli]] |- |Member ''States''||''États'' membres||'''''Bikólo'' ya Lisánga''' |- |the State||l'État||Leta |- |''democratic'' society||société ''démocratique''||'''lingómbá ya ''boyángeli lisánga''''' |- |Organisation of African Unity||Organisation de l'unité africaine||[[Lisánga lya Bisé bya Afrika]] |- |King or Kingdom||Roi ou Royaume||Mani (pl: Mani) |- |Table of Content||Table des matières||'''Molɔngɔ́ mwa matéya''' |- |Foreword||Préface||[[Elakisi]] |- |Acknowledgments||Remerciements||[[Matɔ́ndi]] |- |Explanatory note||Note explicative||[[Ndimbola]] |- |Pan-African Glossary of Sports||Lexique panafricain des sports||'''[[Maloba ma masano]] na [[Afríka]]''' |- |Track and Field||Athlétisme||[[Embala]] |- |event technique/tactic||épreuve technique/tactique||mimekano, tekiníki/mayɛ́lɛ |- |Boxing||Boxe||[[Bibɔtú]] |- |Football (soccer)||Football (soccer)||[[Motópi]] |- | motto || devise ||[[liloba-lotómo]] |- | translation || traduction || '''bobóngoli minkandá na nkóta''', bobóngoli na nkóta |- | Government || Gouvernement || bokonzi, bonkúmú |- | Countries of the Francophony || Pays de la Francophonie || bikólo bya [[lokóta falasé]] |- | Games / sports || Jeux / Sports || lisano (pl: masano) |- | || || |} 6309 2005-09-26T23:42:50Z Moyogo 11 Si la traductin lingala est un lien ou en gras, la traduction a de bonnes références. Si non, elle est a vérifier. {| align="left" style="margin: 0 0 0.5em 1.4em; clear: right; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;" border=1 ! {{en}} !! {{fr}} !! lingála |- |rowspan="2"|(Organisation of) the United Nations||rowspan="2"|(Organisation des) Nations unies|| [[Lisánga ya Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ́|(Lisánga ya) Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ́]] |- |[[Lisánga lya Bisé bînsɔ|(Lisánga lya) Bisé bînsɔ]] |- |Charter||Charte||[[Monkandá ya mibéko]] |- |General Assembly||Assemblée générale||[[Likita monɛ́nɛ]] |- |Universal Declaration of Human Rights||Déclaration universelle des droits de l'homme||[[Lisákóli ya molɔngɔ́ ya makoki ya moto]] |- |Declaration||Déclaration||[[Lisákóli]] |- |Member ''States''||''États'' membres||'''''Bikólo'' ya Lisánga''' |- |the State||l'État||Leta |- |''democratic'' society||société ''démocratique''||'''lingómbá ya ''boyángeli lisánga''''' |- |Organisation of African Unity||Organisation de l'unité africaine||[[Lisánga lya Bisé bya Afrika]] |- |King or Kingdom||Roi ou Royaume||Mani (pl: Mani) |- |Table of Content||Table des matières||'''Molɔngɔ́ mwa matéya''' |- |Foreword||Préface||[[Elakisi]] |- |Acknowledgments||Remerciements||[[Matɔ́ndi]] |- |Explanatory note||Note explicative||[[Ndimbola]] |- |Pan-African Glossary of Sports||Lexique panafricain des sports||'''[[Maloba ma masano]] na [[Afríka]]''' |- |Track and Field||Athlétisme||[[Embala]] |- |event technique/tactic||épreuve technique/tactique||mimekano, tekiníki/mayɛ́lɛ |- |Boxing||Boxe||[[Bibɔtú]] |- |Football (soccer)||Football (soccer)||[[Motópi]] |- | motto || devise ||[[liloba-lotómo]] |- | translation || traduction || '''bobóngoli minkandá na nkóta''', bobóngoli na nkóta |- | Government || Gouvernement || bokonzi, bonkúmú |- | Countries of the Francophony || Pays de la Francophonie || bikólo bya [[lokóta falasé]] |- | Games / sports || Jeux / Sports || lisano (pl: masano) |- | ''Agence intergouvernementale de la Francophonie'' (AIF)|| Agence intergouvernementale de la Francophonie (AIF) || [[Lingómbá lya guvɛnɛmá ya bikólo bya lokóta falasé]] (AIF) |- | || || |- | || || |- | || || |- | || || |- | || || |} 6310 2005-09-26T23:45:31Z Moyogo 11 ministɛ́lɛ ya mambí ma bopaya Si la traductin lingala est un lien ou en gras, la traduction a de bonnes références. Si non, elle est a vérifier. {| align="left" style="margin: 0 0 0.5em 1.4em; clear: right; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;" border=1 ! {{en}} !! {{fr}} !! lingála |- |rowspan="2"|(Organisation of) the United Nations||rowspan="2"|(Organisation des) Nations unies|| [[Lisánga ya Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ́|(Lisánga ya) Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ́]] |- |[[Lisánga lya Bisé bînsɔ|(Lisánga lya) Bisé bînsɔ]] |- |Charter||Charte||[[Monkandá ya mibéko]] |- |General Assembly||Assemblée générale||[[Likita monɛ́nɛ]] |- |Universal Declaration of Human Rights||Déclaration universelle des droits de l'homme||[[Lisákóli ya molɔngɔ́ ya makoki ya moto]] |- |Declaration||Déclaration||[[Lisákóli]] |- |Member ''States''||''États'' membres||'''''Bikólo'' ya Lisánga''' |- |the State||l'État||Leta |- |''democratic'' society||société ''démocratique''||'''lingómbá ya ''boyángeli lisánga''''' |- |Organisation of African Unity||Organisation de l'unité africaine||[[Lisánga lya Bisé bya Afrika]] |- |King or Kingdom||Roi ou Royaume||Mani (pl: Mani) |- |Table of Content||Table des matières||'''Molɔngɔ́ mwa matéya''' |- |Foreword||Préface||[[Elakisi]] |- |Acknowledgments||Remerciements||[[Matɔ́ndi]] |- |Explanatory note||Note explicative||[[Ndimbola]] |- |Pan-African Glossary of Sports||Lexique panafricain des sports||'''[[Maloba ma masano]] na [[Afríka]]''' |- |Track and Field||Athlétisme||[[Embala]] |- |event technique/tactic||épreuve technique/tactique||mimekano, tekiníki/mayɛ́lɛ |- |Boxing||Boxe||[[Bibɔtú]] |- |Football (soccer)||Football (soccer)||[[Motópi]] |- | motto || devise ||[[liloba-lotómo]] |- | translation || traduction || '''bobóngoli minkandá na nkóta''', bobóngoli na nkóta |- | Government || Gouvernement || bokonzi, bonkúmú |- | Countries of the Francophony || Pays de la Francophonie || bikólo bya [[lokóta falasé]] |- | Games / sports || Jeux / Sports || lisano (pl: masano) |- | ''Agence intergouvernementale de la Francophonie'' (AIF)|| Agence intergouvernementale de la Francophonie (AIF) || [[Lingómbá lya guvɛnɛmá ya bikólo bya lokóta falasé]] (AIF) |- | Ministry of Foreign Affairs|| ministère des Affaires étrangères ||[[ministɛ́lɛ]] ya [[mambí ma bopaya]] |- | ''Réseau international des langues africaines et créoles'' || Réseau international des langues africaines et créoles ||Lisangá lya nkóta ya Afríka mpé [[keleyɔ́lɛ]] |- | || || |- | || || |- | || || |} 6317 2005-09-27T11:07:12Z Moyogo 11 + DB Si la traductin lingala est un lien ou en gras, la traduction a de bonnes références. Si non, elle est a vérifier. {| align="left" style="margin: 0 0 0.5em 1.4em; clear: right; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;" border=1 ! {{en}} !! {{fr}} !! lingála |- |rowspan="2"|(Organisation of) the United Nations||rowspan="2"|(Organisation des) Nations unies|| [[Lisánga ya Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ́|(Lisánga ya) Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ́]] |- |[[Lisánga lya Bisé bînsɔ|(Lisánga lya) Bisé bînsɔ]] |- |Charter||Charte||[[Monkandá ya mibéko]] |- |General Assembly||Assemblée générale||[[Likita monɛ́nɛ]] |- |Universal Declaration of Human Rights||Déclaration universelle des droits de l'homme||[[Lisákóli ya molɔngɔ́ ya makoki ya moto]] |- |Declaration||Déclaration||[[Lisákóli]] |- |Member ''States''||''États'' membres||'''''Bikólo'' ya Lisánga''' |- |the State||l'État||Leta |- |''democratic'' society||société ''démocratique''||'''lingómbá ya ''boyángeli lisánga''''' |- |Organisation of African Unity||Organisation de l'unité africaine||[[Lisánga lya Bisé bya Afrika]] |- |King or Kingdom||Roi ou Royaume||Mani (pl: Mani) |- |Table of Content||Table des matières||'''Molɔngɔ́ mwa matéya''' |- |Foreword||Préface||[[Elakisi]] |- |Acknowledgments||Remerciements||[[Matɔ́ndi]] |- |Explanatory note||Note explicative||[[Ndimbola]] |- |Pan-African Glossary of Sports||Lexique panafricain des sports||'''[[Maloba ma masano]] na [[Afríka]]''' |- |Track and Field||Athlétisme||[[Embala]] |- |event technique/tactic||épreuve technique/tactique||mimekano, tekiníki/mayɛ́lɛ |- |Boxing||Boxe||[[Bibɔtú]] |- |Football (soccer)||Football (soccer)||[[Motópi]] |- | motto || devise ||[[liloba-lotómo]] |- | translation || traduction || '''bobóngoli minkandá na nkóta''', bobóngoli na nkóta |- | Government || Gouvernement || bokonzi, bonkúmú |- | Countries of the Francophony || Pays de la Francophonie || bikólo bya [[lokóta falasé]] |- | Games / sports || Jeux / Sports || lisano (pl: masano) |- | ''Agence intergouvernementale de la Francophonie'' (AIF)|| Agence intergouvernementale de la Francophonie (AIF) || [[Lingómbá lya guvɛnɛmá ya bikólo bya lokóta falasé]] (AIF) |- | Ministry of Foreign Affairs|| ministère des Affaires étrangères ||[[ministɛ́lɛ]] ya [[mambí ma bopaya]] |- | ''Réseau international des langues africaines et créoles'' || Réseau international des langues africaines et créoles ||Lisangá lya nkóta ya Afríka mpé [[keleyɔ́lɛ]] |- | linguistic ''database'' || ''banque de données'' linguistiques ||[[ebómbelo-mambí]] ma nkóta |- | || || |- | || || |} 6357 2005-09-28T00:09:03Z Moyogo 11 +changement Si la traductin lingala est un lien ou en gras, la traduction a de bonnes références. Si non, elle est a vérifier. {| align="left" style="margin: 0 0 0.5em 1.4em; clear: right; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;" border=1 ! {{en}} !! {{fr}} !! lingála |- |rowspan="2"|(Organisation of) the United Nations||rowspan="2"|(Organisation des) Nations unies|| [[Lisánga ya Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ́|(Lisánga ya) Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ́]] |- |[[Lisánga lya Bisé bînsɔ|(Lisánga lya) Bisé bînsɔ]] |- |Charter||Charte||[[Monkandá ya mibéko]] |- |General Assembly||Assemblée générale||[[Likita monɛ́nɛ]] |- |Universal Declaration of Human Rights||Déclaration universelle des droits de l'homme||[[Lisákóli ya molɔngɔ́ ya makoki ya moto]] |- |Declaration||Déclaration||[[Lisákóli]] |- |Member ''States''||''États'' membres||'''''Bikólo'' ya Lisánga''' |- |the State||l'État||Leta |- |''democratic'' society||société ''démocratique''||'''lingómbá ya ''boyángeli lisánga''''' |- |Organisation of African Unity||Organisation de l'unité africaine||[[Lisánga lya Bisé bya Afrika]] |- |King or Kingdom||Roi ou Royaume||Mani (pl: Mani) |- |Table of Content||Table des matières||'''Molɔngɔ́ mwa matéya''' |- |Foreword||Préface||[[Elakisi]] |- |Acknowledgments||Remerciements||[[Matɔ́ndi]] |- |Explanatory note||Note explicative||[[Ndimbola]] |- |Pan-African Glossary of Sports||Lexique panafricain des sports||'''[[Maloba ma masano]] na [[Afríka]]''' |- |Track and Field||Athlétisme||[[Embala]] |- |event technique/tactic||épreuve technique/tactique||mimekano, tekiníki/mayɛ́lɛ |- |Boxing||Boxe||[[Bibɔtú]] |- |Football (soccer)||Football (soccer)||[[Motópi]] |- | motto || devise ||[[liloba-lotómo]] |- | translation || traduction || '''bobóngoli minkandá na nkóta''', bobóngoli na nkóta |- | Government || Gouvernement || bokonzi, bonkúmú |- | Countries of the Francophony || Pays de la Francophonie || bikólo bya [[lokóta falasé]] |- | Games / sports || Jeux / Sports || lisano (pl: masano) |- | ''Agence intergouvernementale de la Francophonie'' (AIF)|| Agence intergouvernementale de la Francophonie (AIF) || [[Lingómbá lya guvɛnɛmá ya bikólo bya lokóta falasé]] (AIF) |- | Ministry of Foreign Affairs|| ministère des Affaires étrangères ||[[ministɛ́lɛ]] ya [[mambí ma bopaya]] |- | ''Réseau international des langues africaines et créoles'' || Réseau international des langues africaines et créoles ||Lisangá lya nkóta ya Afríka mpé [[keleyɔ́lɛ]] |- | linguistic ''database'' || ''banque de données'' linguistiques ||[[ebómbelo-mambí]] ma nkóta |- | Change || Changement/Modification || mbóngwáná |- | || || |} 7305 2005-12-10T14:32:28Z Moyogo 11 Si la traductin lingala est un lien ou en gras, la traduction a de bonnes références. Si non, elle est a vérifier. {| align="left" style="margin: 0 0 0.5em 1.4em; clear: right; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;" border=1 ! {{en}} !! {{fr}} !! lingála |- |rowspan="2"|(Organisation of) the United Nations||rowspan="2"|(Organisation des) Nations unies|| [[Lisánga ya Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ́|(Lisánga ya) Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ́]] |- |[[Lisánga lya Bisé bînsɔ|(Lisánga lya) Bisé bînsɔ]] |- |Charter||Charte||[[Monkandá ya mibéko]] |- |General Assembly||Assemblée générale||[[Likita monɛ́nɛ]] |- |Universal Declaration of Human Rights||Déclaration universelle des droits de l'homme||[[Lisákóli ya molɔngɔ́ ya makoki ya moto]] |- |Declaration||Déclaration||[[Lisákóli]] |- |Member ''States''||''États'' membres||'''''Bikólo'' ya Lisánga''' |- |the State||l'État||Leta |- |''democratic'' society||société ''démocratique''||'''lingómbá ya ''boyángeli lisánga''''' |- |Organisation of African Unity||Organisation de l'unité africaine||[[Lisánga lya Bisé bya Afrika]] |- |King or Kingdom||Roi ou Royaume||Mani (pl: Mani) |- |Table of Content||Table des matières||'''Molɔngɔ́ mwa matéya''' |- |Foreword||Préface||[[Elakisi]] |- |Acknowledgments||Remerciements||[[Matɔ́ndi]] |- |Explanatory note||Note explicative||[[Ndimbola]] |- |Pan-African Glossary of Sports||Lexique panafricain des sports||'''[[Maloba ma masano]] na [[Afríka]]''' |- |Track and Field||Athlétisme||[[Embala]] |- |event technique/tactic||épreuve technique/tactique||mimekano, tekiníki/mayɛ́lɛ |- |Boxing||Boxe||[[Bibɔtú]] |- |Football (soccer)||Football (soccer)||[[Motópi]] |- | motto || devise ||[[liloba-lotómo]] |- | translation || traduction || '''bobóngoli minkandá na nkóta''', bobóngoli na nkóta |- | Government || Gouvernement || bokonzi, bonkúmú |- | Countries of the Francophony || Pays de la Francophonie || bikólo bya [[lokóta falasé]] |- | Games / sports || Jeux / Sports || lisano (pl: masano) |- | ''Agence intergouvernementale de la Francophonie'' (AIF)|| Agence intergouvernementale de la Francophonie (AIF) || [[Lingómbá lya guvɛnɛmá ya bikólo bya lokóta falasé]] (AIF) |- | Ministry of Foreign Affairs|| ministère des Affaires étrangères ||[[ministɛ́lɛ]] ya [[mambí ma bopaya]] |- | ''Réseau international des langues africaines et créoles'' || Réseau international des langues africaines et créoles ||Lisangá lya nkóta ya Afríka mpé [[keleyɔ́lɛ]] |- | linguistic ''database'' || ''banque de données'' linguistiques ||ebómbelo-mambí ma nkóta |- | Change || Changement/Modification || mbóngwáná |- | || || |} 7306 2005-12-10T14:33:02Z Moyogo 11 Si la traductin lingala est un lien ou en gras, la traduction a de bonnes références. Si non, elle est a vérifier. {| align="left" style="margin: 0 0 0.5em 1.4em; clear: right; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;" border=1 ! {{en}} !! {{fr}} !! lingála |- |rowspan="2"|(Organisation of) the United Nations||rowspan="2"|(Organisation des) Nations unies|| [[Lisánga ya Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ́|(Lisánga ya) Bikólo ya Molɔngɔ́]] |- |[[Lisánga lya Bisé bînsɔ|(Lisánga lya) Bisé bînsɔ]] |- |Charter||Charte||[[Monkandá ya mibéko]] |- |General Assembly||Assemblée générale||[[Likita monɛ́nɛ]] |- |Universal Declaration of Human Rights||Déclaration universelle des droits de l'homme||[[Lisákóli ya molɔngɔ́ ya makoki ya moto]] |- |Declaration||Déclaration||[[Lisákóli]] |- |Member ''States''||''États'' membres||'''''Bikólo'' ya Lisánga''' |- |the State||l'État||'''Lɛ́ta''' |- |''democratic'' society||société ''démocratique''||'''lingómbá ya ''boyángeli lisánga''''' |- |Organisation of African Unity||Organisation de l'unité africaine||[[Lisánga lya Bisé bya Afrika]] |- |King or Kingdom||Roi ou Royaume||Mani (pl: Mani) |- |Table of Content||Table des matières||'''Molɔngɔ́ mwa matéya''' |- |Foreword||Préface||[[Elakisi]] |- |Acknowledgments||Remerciements||[[Matɔ́ndi]] |- |Explanatory note||Note explicative||[[Ndimbola]] |- |Pan-African Glossary of Sports||Lexique panafricain des sports||'''[[Maloba ma masano]] na [[Afríka]]''' |- |Track and Field||Athlétisme||[[Embala]] |- |event technique/tactic||épreuve technique/tactique||mimekano, tekiníki/mayɛ́lɛ |- |Boxing||Boxe||[[Bibɔtú]] |- |Football (soccer)||Football (soccer)||[[Motópi]] |- | motto || devise ||[[liloba-lotómo]] |- | translation || traduction || '''bobóngoli minkandá na nkóta''', bobóngoli na nkóta |- | Government || Gouvernement || bokonzi, bonkúmú |- | Countries of the Francophony || Pays de la Francophonie || bikólo bya [[lokóta falasé]] |- | Games / sports || Jeux / Sports || lisano (pl: masano) |- | ''Agence intergouvernementale de la Francophonie'' (AIF)|| Agence intergouvernementale de la Francophonie (AIF) || [[Lingómbá lya guvɛnɛmá ya bikólo bya lokóta falasé]] (AIF) |- | Ministry of Foreign Affairs|| ministère des Affaires étrangères ||[[ministɛ́lɛ]] ya [[mambí ma bopaya]] |- | ''Réseau international des langues africaines et créoles'' || Réseau international des langues africaines et créoles ||Lisangá lya nkóta ya Afríka mpé [[keleyɔ́lɛ]] |- | linguistic ''database'' || ''banque de données'' linguistiques ||ebómbelo-mambí ma nkóta |- | Change || Changement/Modification || mbóngwáná |- | || || |} Wikipedia:Moyángeli/Archive 1826 6298 2005-09-26T09:48:58Z 160.85.2.50 {{Wikipédia:Administrator/bombo}} 6998 2005-11-24T11:07:05Z 160.85.2.50 {{Wikipédia:Administrator/bombo}} {{Wikipédia:Moyángeli/moyogo}} Template:Sánzá 1827 6306 2005-09-26T23:26:01Z Moyogo 11 +sánzá {| class="WSerieH" id="WMois" border="0" align="center" style="margin-bottom: 2em; background: transparent" ||Sánzá ya :&nbsp; |[[Sánzá ya yambo|yambo]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya míbalé|míbalé]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya míbalé|míbalé]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya mínei|mínei]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya mítano|mítano]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya motóbá|motóbá]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya sambo|sambo]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya mwambe|mwambe]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya libwá|libwá]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya zómi|zómi]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́|zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé|zómi na míbalé]] |} 6313 2005-09-27T07:06:52Z Moyogo 11 míbalé ya míbalé -> mísáto {| class="WSerieH" id="WMois" border="0" align="center" style="margin-bottom: 2em; background: transparent" ||Sánzá ya :&nbsp; |[[Sánzá ya yambo|yambo]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya míbalé|míbalé]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya míbalé|mísáto]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya mínei|mínei]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya mítano|mítano]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya motóbá|motóbá]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya sambo|sambo]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya mwambe|mwambe]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya libwá|libwá]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya zómi|zómi]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́|zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé|zómi na míbalé]] |} 7990 2006-04-10T11:01:20Z 85.27.31.227 {| class="WSerieH" id="WMois" border="0" align="center" style="margin-bottom: 2em; background: transparent" ||Sánzá ya :&nbsp; |[[Sánzá ya yambo|yambo]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya míbalé|míbalé]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya mísáto|mísáto]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya mínei|mínei]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya mítano|mítano]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya motóbá|motóbá]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya sambo|sambo]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya mwambe|mwambe]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya libwá|libwá]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya zómi|zómi]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́|zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé|zómi na míbalé]] |} 7994 2006-04-10T11:07:23Z 85.27.31.227 {| class="WSerieH" id="WMois" border="0" align="center" style="margin-bottom: 2em; background: transparent" ||Sánzá ya :&nbsp; |[[Sánzá ya yambo|yambo]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya míbalé|míbalé]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya mísáto|mísáto]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya mínei|mínei]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya mítáno|mítáno]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya motóbá|motóbá]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya sambo|sambo]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya mwambe|mwambe]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya libwá|libwá]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya zómi|zómi]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́|zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé|zómi na míbalé]] |} 8797 2006-07-12T09:35:32Z Moyogo 11 sambo -> nsambo {| class="WSerieH" id="WMois" border="0" align="center" style="margin-bottom: 2em; background: transparent" ||Sánzá ya :&nbsp; |[[Sánzá ya yambo|yambo]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya míbalé|míbalé]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya mísáto|mísáto]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya mínei|mínei]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya mítáno|mítáno]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya motóbá|motóbá]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya nsambo|nsambo]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya mwambe|mwambe]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya libwá|libwá]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya zómi|zómi]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́|zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé|zómi na míbalé]] |} 8818 2006-07-12T09:51:05Z Moyogo 11 {| class="WSerieH" id="WMois" border="0" align="center" style="margin-bottom: 2em; background: transparent" ||[[Sánzá]] ya :&nbsp; |[[Sánzá ya yambo|yambo]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya míbalé|míbalé]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya mísáto|mísáto]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya mínei|mínei]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya mítáno|mítáno]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya motóbá|motóbá]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya nsambo|nsambo]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya mwambe|mwambe]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya libwá|libwá]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya zómi|zómi]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́|zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́]]&nbsp;· |[[Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé|zómi na míbalé]] |} 8827 2006-07-12T10:08:34Z Moyogo 11 {| align="center" border="0" style="background:#ffffff; border:2px solid #dedede; clear:both;" |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | [[Sánzá (ntángo)|Sánzá]] na [[mbúla (ntángo)|mbúla]] [[Category:Sánzá]] |- align="center" | [[Sánzá ya yambo|yambo]] | [[Sánzá ya míbalé|míbalé]] | [[Sánzá ya mísáto|mísáto]] | [[Sánzá ya mínei|mínei]] | [[Sánzá ya mítáno|mítáno]] | [[Sánzá ya motóbá|motóbá]] | [[Sánzá ya nsambo|nsambo]] | [[Sánzá ya mwambe|mwambe]] | [[Sánzá ya libwá|libwá]] | [[Sánzá ya zómi|zómi]] | [[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́|zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́]] | [[Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé|zómi na míbalé]] |} 9907 2006-11-30T01:27:47Z Moyogo 11 cat {| align="center" border="0" style="background:#ffffff; border:2px solid #dedede; clear:both;" |- ! style="background:#efefef;" | [[Sánzá (ntángo)|Sánzá]] na [[mbúla (ntángo)|mbúla]] [[Category:Sánzá na mbúla]] |- align="center" | [[Sánzá ya yambo|yambo]] | [[Sánzá ya míbalé|míbalé]] | [[Sánzá ya mísáto|mísáto]] | [[Sánzá ya mínei|mínei]] | [[Sánzá ya mítáno|mítáno]] | [[Sánzá ya motóbá|motóbá]] | [[Sánzá ya nsambo|nsambo]] | [[Sánzá ya mwambe|mwambe]] | [[Sánzá ya libwá|libwá]] | [[Sánzá ya zómi|zómi]] | [[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́|zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́]] | [[Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé|zómi na míbalé]] |} Template:Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé 1828 6307 2005-09-26T23:38:18Z Moyogo 11 {| class="WSerieV" id="WDecembre" align="right" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom : 2em" |- | {| rules="all" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px" |- bgcolor="#ddffdd" | colspan="7" align="center" | [[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́|←]] '''[[Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé|Sánzá ya <br/>zómi na míbalé]]''' [[Sánzá ya yambo|→]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[1er décembre|1{{er}}]] |align=center|[[2 décembre|2]] |align=center|[[3 décembre|3]] |align=center|[[4 décembre|4]] |align=center|[[5 décembre|5]] |align=center|[[6 décembre|6]] |align=center|[[7 décembre|7]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[8 décembre|8]] |align=center|[[9 décembre|9]] |align=center|[[10 décembre|10]] |align=center|[[11 décembre|11]] |align=center|[[12 décembre|12]] |align=center|[[13 décembre|13]] |align=center|[[14 décembre|14]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[15 décembre|15]] |align=center|[[16 décembre|16]] |align=center|[[17 décembre|17]] |align=center|[[18 décembre|18]] |align=center|[[19 décembre|19]] |align=center|[[20 décembre|20]] |align=center|[[21 décembre|21]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[22 décembre|22]] |align=center|[[23 décembre|23]] |align=center|[[24 décembre|24]] |align=center|[[25 décembre|25]] |align=center|[[26 décembre|26]] |align=center|[[27 décembre|27]] |align=center|[[28 décembre|28]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[29 décembre|29]] |align=center|[[30 décembre|30]] |align=center|[[31 décembre|31]] |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |} |- | <!-- {{némort}} --> |} 7983 2006-04-10T10:52:12Z 85.27.31.227 {| class="WSerieV" id="WSánzáya12" align="right" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom : 2em" |- | {| rules="all" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px" |- bgcolor="#ddffdd" | colspan="7" align="center" | [[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́|←]] '''[[Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé|Sánzá ya <br/>zómi na míbalé]]''' [[Sánzá ya yambo|→]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé mokɔlɔ 1|1]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé mikɔlɔ 2|2]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé mikɔlɔ 3|3]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé mikɔlɔ 4|4]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé mikɔlɔ 5|5]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé mikɔlɔ 6|6]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé mikɔlɔ 7|7]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé mikɔlɔ 8|8]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé mikɔlɔ 9|9]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé mikɔlɔ 10|10]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé mikɔlɔ 11|11]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé mikɔlɔ 12|12]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé mikɔlɔ 13|13]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé mikɔlɔ 14|14]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé mikɔlɔ 15|15]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé mikɔlɔ 16|16]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé mikɔlɔ 17|17]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé mikɔlɔ 18|18]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé mikɔlɔ 19|19]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé mikɔlɔ 20|20]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé mikɔlɔ 21|21]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé mikɔlɔ 22|22]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé mikɔlɔ 23|23]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé mikɔlɔ 24|24]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé mikɔlɔ 25|25]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé mikɔlɔ 26|26]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé mikɔlɔ 27|27]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé mikɔlɔ 28|28]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé mikɔlɔ 29|29]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé mikɔlɔ 30|30]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé mikɔlɔ 31|31]] |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |} |- | <!-- {{némort}} --> |} Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé 1829 6308 2005-09-26T23:38:39Z Moyogo 11 [[af:Desember]] [[ang:Gēolmōnaþ]] [[ar:ديسمبر]] [[an:Abiento]] [[ast:Avientu]] [[bg:Декември]] [[be:Сьнежань]] [[bs:Decembar]] [[ca:Desembre]] [[cv:Раштав]] [[cs:Prosinec]] [[cy:Rhagfyr]] [[da:December]] [[de:Dezember]] [[et:Detsember]] [[el:Δεκέμβριος]] [[als:Dezember]] [[en:December]] [[es:Diciembre]] [[eo:Decembro]] [[eu:Abendu]] [[fa:دسامبر]] [[fo:Desember]] [[fy:Desimber]] [[fur:Dicembar]] [[ga:Nollaig]] [[gl:Decembro]] [[ko:12월]] [[hr:Prosinac]] [[io:Decembro]] [[id:Desember]] [[ia:Decembre]] [[ie:Decembre]] [[is:Desember]] [[it:Dicembre]] [[he:דצמבר]] [[jv:Desember]] [[kn:ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್]] [[ka:დეკემბერი]] [[csb:Gòdnik]] [[kw:Mys Kevardhu]] [[ku:Berfanbar]] [[la:December]] [[lt:Gruodis]] [[lb:Dezember]] [[li:December]] [[hu:December]] [[mi:Hakihea]] [[mr:डिसेंबर]] [[ms:Disember]] [[nl:December]] [[ja:12月]] [[no:Desember]] [[nn:Desember]] [[oc:Decembre]] [[pl:Grudzień]] [[pt:Dezembro]] [[ro:Decembrie]] [[ru:Декабрь]] [[se:Juovlamánnu]] [[sco:December]] [[sq:Dhjetori]] [[scn:Dicemmiru]] [[simple:December]] [[sk:December]] [[sl:December]] [[sr:Децембар]] [[fi:Joulukuu]] [[sv:December]] [[tl:Disyembre]] [[tt:Dekäber]] [[th:ธันวาคม]] [[vi:Tháng 12]] [[tpi:Disemba]] [[tr:Aralık]] [[uk:Грудень]] [[ur:دسمبر]] [[vo:Dekul]] [[wa:Decimbe]] [[zh:12月]] {{sánzá}} {{Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé}} 6311 2005-09-27T07:03:32Z Moyogo 11 [[af:Desember]] [[ang:Gēolmōnaþ]] [[ar:ديسمبر]] [[an:Abiento]] [[ast:Avientu]] [[bg:Декември]] [[be:Сьнежань]] [[bs:Decembar]] [[ca:Desembre]] [[cv:Раштав]] [[cs:Prosinec]] [[cy:Rhagfyr]] [[da:December]] [[de:Dezember]] [[et:Detsember]] [[el:Δεκέμβριος]] [[als:Dezember]] [[en:December]] [[es:Diciembre]] [[eo:Decembro]] [[eu:Abendu]] [[fa:دسامبر]] [[fo:Desember]] [fr:décembre]] [[fy:Desimber]] [[fur:Dicembar]] [[ga:Nollaig]] [[gl:Decembro]] [[ko:12월]] [[hr:Prosinac]] [[io:Decembro]] [[id:Desember]] [[ia:Decembre]] [[ie:Decembre]] [[is:Desember]] [[it:Dicembre]] [[he:דצמבר]] [[jv:Desember]] [[kn:ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್]] [[ka:დეკემბერი]] [[csb:Gòdnik]] [[kw:Mys Kevardhu]] [[ku:Berfanbar]] [[la:December]] [[lt:Gruodis]] [[lb:Dezember]] [[li:December]] [[hu:December]] [[mi:Hakihea]] [[mr:डिसेंबर]] [[ms:Disember]] [[nl:December]] [[ja:12月]] [[no:Desember]] [[nn:Desember]] [[oc:Decembre]] [[pl:Grudzień]] [[pt:Dezembro]] [[ro:Decembrie]] [[ru:Декабрь]] [[se:Juovlamánnu]] [[sco:December]] [[sq:Dhjetori]] [[scn:Dicemmiru]] [[simple:December]] [[sk:December]] [[sl:December]] [[sr:Децембар]] [[fi:Joulukuu]] [[sv:December]] [[tl:Disyembre]] [[tt:Dekäber]] [[th:ธันวาคม]] [[vi:Tháng 12]] [[tpi:Disemba]] [[tr:Aralık]] [[uk:Грудень]] [[ur:دسمبر]] [[vo:Dekul]] [[wa:Decimbe]] [[zh:12月]] {{sánzá}} {{Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé}} 6312 2005-09-27T07:04:34Z Moyogo 11 [[af:Desember]] [[ang:Gēolmōnaþ]] [[ar:ديسمبر]] [[an:Abiento]] [[ast:Avientu]] [[bg:Декември]] [[be:Сьнежань]] [[bs:Decembar]] [[ca:Desembre]] [[cv:Раштав]] [[cs:Prosinec]] [[cy:Rhagfyr]] [[da:December]] [[de:Dezember]] [[et:Detsember]] [[el:Δεκέμβριος]] [[als:Dezember]] [[en:December]] [[es:Diciembre]] [[eo:Decembro]] [[eu:Abendu]] [[fa:دسامبر]] [[fo:Desember]] [[fr:décembre]] [[fy:Desimber]] [[fur:Dicembar]] [[ga:Nollaig]] [[gl:Decembro]] [[ko:12월]] [[hr:Prosinac]] [[io:Decembro]] [[id:Desember]] [[ia:Decembre]] [[ie:Decembre]] [[is:Desember]] [[it:Dicembre]] [[he:דצמבר]] [[jv:Desember]] [[kn:ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್]] [[ka:დეკემბერი]] [[csb:Gòdnik]] [[kw:Mys Kevardhu]] [[ku:Berfanbar]] [[la:December]] [[lt:Gruodis]] [[lb:Dezember]] [[li:December]] [[hu:December]] [[mi:Hakihea]] [[mr:डिसेंबर]] [[ms:Disember]] [[nl:December]] [[ja:12月]] [[no:Desember]] [[nn:Desember]] [[oc:Decembre]] [[pl:Grudzień]] [[pt:Dezembro]] [[ro:Decembrie]] [[ru:Декабрь]] [[se:Juovlamánnu]] [[sco:December]] [[sq:Dhjetori]] [[scn:Dicemmiru]] [[simple:December]] [[sk:December]] [[sl:December]] [[sr:Децембар]] [[fi:Joulukuu]] [[sv:December]] [[tl:Disyembre]] [[tt:Dekäber]] [[th:ธันวาคม]] [[vi:Tháng 12]] [[tpi:Disemba]] [[tr:Aralık]] [[uk:Грудень]] [[ur:دسمبر]] [[vo:Dekul]] [[wa:Decimbe]] [[zh:12月]] {{sánzá}} {{Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé}} 7975 2006-04-05T05:06:11Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: br, ceb, ilo, lv, nap, pam, sw, ta, te, war Modifie: scn, vi {{sánzá}} {{Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé}} [[af:Desember]] [[als:Dezember]] [[an:Abiento]] [[ang:Gēolmōnaþ]] [[ar:ديسمبر]] [[ast:Avientu]] [[be:Сьнежань]] [[bg:Декември]] [[br:Kerzu]] [[bs:Decembar]] [[ca:Desembre]] [[ceb:Disyembre]] [[cs:Prosinec]] [[csb:Gòdnik]] [[cv:Раштав]] [[cy:Rhagfyr]] [[da:December]] [[de:Dezember]] [[el:Δεκέμβριος]] [[en:December]] [[eo:Decembro]] [[es:Diciembre]] [[et:Detsember]] [[eu:Abendu]] [[fa:دسامبر]] [[fi:Joulukuu]] [[fo:Desember]] [[fr:Décembre]] [[fur:Dicembar]] [[fy:Desimber]] [[ga:Nollaig]] [[gl:Decembro]] [[he:דצמבר]] [[hr:Prosinac]] [[hu:December]] [[ia:Decembre]] [[id:Desember]] [[ie:Decembre]] [[ilo:Deciembre]] [[io:Decembro]] [[is:Desember]] [[it:Dicembre]] [[ja:12月]] [[jv:Desember]] [[ka:დეკემბერი]] [[kn:ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್]] [[ko:12월]] [[ku:Berfanbar]] [[kw:Mys Kevardhu]] [[la:December]] [[lb:Dezember]] [[li:December]] [[lt:Gruodis]] [[lv:Decembris]] [[mi:Hakihea]] [[mr:डिसेंबर]] [[ms:Disember]] [[nap:Dicembre]] [[nl:December]] [[nn:Desember]] [[no:Desember]] [[oc:Decembre]] [[pam:Disiembri]] [[pl:Grudzień]] [[pt:Dezembro]] [[ro:Decembrie]] [[ru:Декабрь]] [[scn:Dicèmmiru]] [[sco:December]] [[se:Juovlamánnu]] [[simple:December]] [[sk:December]] [[sl:December]] [[sq:Dhjetori]] [[sr:Децембар]] [[sv:December]] [[sw:Desemba]] [[ta:டிசம்பர்]] [[te:డిసెంబర్]] [[th:ธันวาคม]] [[tl:Disyembre]] [[tpi:Disemba]] [[tr:Aralık]] [[tt:Dekäber]] [[uk:Грудень]] [[ur:دسمبر]] [[vi:Tháng mười hai]] [[vo:Dekul]] [[wa:Decimbe]] [[war:Disyembre]] [[zh:12月]] 8793 2006-07-11T05:04:38Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: bn, gd, nds-nl, zh-yue {{sánzá}} {{Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé}} [[af:Desember]] [[als:Dezember]] [[an:Abiento]] [[ang:Gēolmōnaþ]] [[ar:ديسمبر]] [[ast:Avientu]] [[be:Сьнежань]] [[bg:Декември]] [[bn:ডিসেম্বর]] [[br:Kerzu]] [[bs:Decembar]] [[ca:Desembre]] [[ceb:Disyembre]] [[cs:Prosinec]] [[csb:Gòdnik]] [[cv:Раштав]] [[cy:Rhagfyr]] [[da:December]] [[de:Dezember]] [[el:Δεκέμβριος]] [[en:December]] [[eo:Decembro]] [[es:Diciembre]] [[et:Detsember]] [[eu:Abendu]] [[fa:دسامبر]] [[fi:Joulukuu]] [[fo:Desember]] [[fr:Décembre]] [[fur:Dicembar]] [[fy:Desimber]] [[ga:Nollaig]] [[gd:An Dùbhlachd]] [[gl:Decembro]] [[he:דצמבר]] [[hr:Prosinac]] [[hu:December]] [[ia:Decembre]] [[id:Desember]] [[ie:Decembre]] [[ilo:Deciembre]] [[io:Decembro]] [[is:Desember]] [[it:Dicembre]] [[ja:12月]] [[jv:Desember]] [[ka:დეკემბერი]] [[kn:ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್]] [[ko:12월]] [[ku:Berfanbar]] [[kw:Mys Kevardhu]] [[la:December]] [[lb:Dezember]] [[li:December]] [[lt:Gruodis]] [[lv:Decembris]] [[mi:Hakihea]] [[mr:डिसेंबर]] [[ms:Disember]] [[nap:Dicembre]] [[nds-nl:December]] [[nl:December]] [[nn:Desember]] [[no:Desember]] [[oc:Decembre]] [[pam:Disiembri]] [[pl:Grudzień]] [[pt:Dezembro]] [[ro:Decembrie]] [[ru:Декабрь]] [[scn:Dicèmmiru]] [[sco:December]] [[se:Juovlamánnu]] [[simple:December]] [[sk:December]] [[sl:December]] [[sq:Dhjetori]] [[sr:Децембар]] [[sv:December]] [[sw:Desemba]] [[ta:டிசம்பர்]] [[te:డిసెంబర్]] [[th:ธันวาคม]] [[tl:Disyembre]] [[tpi:Disemba]] [[tr:Aralık]] [[tt:Dekäber]] [[uk:Грудень]] [[ur:دسمبر]] [[vi:Tháng mười hai]] [[vo:Dekul]] [[wa:Decimbe]] [[war:Disyembre]] [[zh:12月]] [[zh-yue:12月]] 9360 2006-09-17T07:06:45Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: nrm {{sánzá}} {{Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé}} [[af:Desember]] [[als:Dezember]] [[an:Abiento]] [[ang:Gēolmōnaþ]] [[ar:ديسمبر]] [[ast:Avientu]] [[be:Сьнежань]] [[bg:Декември]] [[bn:ডিসেম্বর]] [[br:Kerzu]] [[bs:Decembar]] [[ca:Desembre]] [[ceb:Disyembre]] [[cs:Prosinec]] [[csb:Gòdnik]] [[cv:Раштав]] [[cy:Rhagfyr]] [[da:December]] [[de:Dezember]] [[el:Δεκέμβριος]] [[en:December]] [[eo:Decembro]] [[es:Diciembre]] [[et:Detsember]] [[eu:Abendu]] [[fa:دسامبر]] [[fi:Joulukuu]] [[fo:Desember]] [[fr:Décembre]] [[fur:Dicembar]] [[fy:Desimber]] [[ga:Nollaig]] [[gd:An Dùbhlachd]] [[gl:Decembro]] [[he:דצמבר]] [[hr:Prosinac]] [[hu:December]] [[ia:Decembre]] [[id:Desember]] [[ie:Decembre]] [[ilo:Deciembre]] [[io:Decembro]] [[is:Desember]] [[it:Dicembre]] [[ja:12月]] [[jv:Desember]] [[ka:დეკემბერი]] [[kn:ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್]] [[ko:12월]] [[ku:Berfanbar]] [[kw:Mys Kevardhu]] [[la:December]] [[lb:Dezember]] [[li:December]] [[lt:Gruodis]] [[lv:Decembris]] [[mi:Hakihea]] [[mr:डिसेंबर]] [[ms:Disember]] [[nap:Dicembre]] [[nds-nl:December]] [[nl:December]] [[nn:Desember]] [[no:Desember]] [[nrm:Dézembre]] [[oc:Decembre]] [[pam:Disiembri]] [[pl:Grudzień]] [[pt:Dezembro]] [[ro:Decembrie]] [[ru:Декабрь]] [[scn:Dicèmmiru]] [[sco:December]] [[se:Juovlamánnu]] [[simple:December]] [[sk:December]] [[sl:December]] [[sq:Dhjetori]] [[sr:Децембар]] [[sv:December]] [[sw:Desemba]] [[ta:டிசம்பர்]] [[te:డిసెంబర్]] [[th:ธันวาคม]] [[tl:Disyembre]] [[tpi:Disemba]] [[tr:Aralık]] [[tt:Dekäber]] [[uk:Грудень]] [[ur:دسمبر]] [[vi:Tháng mười hai]] [[vo:Dekul]] [[wa:Decimbe]] [[war:Disyembre]] [[zh:12月]] [[zh-yue:12月]] 9410 2006-10-03T17:04:07Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: bat-smg, co, hy, tg {{sánzá}} {{Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé}} [[af:Desember]] [[als:Dezember]] [[an:Abiento]] [[ang:Gēolmōnaþ]] [[ar:ديسمبر]] [[ast:Avientu]] [[bat-smg:Groudis]] [[be:Сьнежань]] [[bg:Декември]] [[bn:ডিসেম্বর]] [[br:Kerzu]] [[bs:Decembar]] [[ca:Desembre]] [[ceb:Disyembre]] [[co:Dicembri]] [[cs:Prosinec]] [[csb:Gòdnik]] [[cv:Раштав]] [[cy:Rhagfyr]] [[da:December]] [[de:Dezember]] [[el:Δεκέμβριος]] [[en:December]] [[eo:Decembro]] [[es:Diciembre]] [[et:Detsember]] [[eu:Abendu]] [[fa:دسامبر]] [[fi:Joulukuu]] [[fo:Desember]] [[fr:Décembre]] [[fur:Dicembar]] [[fy:Desimber]] [[ga:Nollaig]] [[gd:An Dùbhlachd]] [[gl:Decembro]] [[he:דצמבר]] [[hr:Prosinac]] [[hu:December]] [[hy:Դեկտեմբեր]] [[ia:Decembre]] [[id:Desember]] [[ie:Decembre]] [[ilo:Deciembre]] [[io:Decembro]] [[is:Desember]] [[it:Dicembre]] [[ja:12月]] [[jv:Desember]] [[ka:დეკემბერი]] [[kn:ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್]] [[ko:12월]] [[ku:Berfanbar]] [[kw:Mys Kevardhu]] [[la:December]] [[lb:Dezember]] [[li:December]] [[lt:Gruodis]] [[lv:Decembris]] [[mi:Hakihea]] [[mr:डिसेंबर]] [[ms:Disember]] [[nap:Dicembre]] [[nds-nl:December]] [[nl:December]] [[nn:Desember]] [[no:Desember]] [[nrm:Dézembre]] [[oc:Decembre]] [[pam:Disiembri]] [[pl:Grudzień]] [[pt:Dezembro]] [[ro:Decembrie]] [[ru:Декабрь]] [[scn:Dicèmmiru]] [[sco:December]] [[se:Juovlamánnu]] [[simple:December]] [[sk:December]] [[sl:December]] [[sq:Dhjetori]] [[sr:Децембар]] [[sv:December]] [[sw:Desemba]] [[ta:டிசம்பர்]] [[te:డిసెంబర్]] [[tg:Декабр]] [[th:ธันวาคม]] [[tl:Disyembre]] [[tpi:Disemba]] [[tr:Aralık]] [[tt:Dekäber]] [[uk:Грудень]] [[ur:دسمبر]] [[vi:Tháng mười hai]] [[vo:Dekul]] [[wa:Decimbe]] [[war:Disyembre]] [[zh:12月]] [[zh-yue:12月]] 9531 2006-10-22T03:44:42Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: [[mg:Desambra]] {{sánzá}} {{Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé}} [[af:Desember]] [[als:Dezember]] [[an:Abiento]] [[ang:Gēolmōnaþ]] [[ar:ديسمبر]] [[ast:Avientu]] [[bat-smg:Groudis]] [[be:Сьнежань]] [[bg:Декември]] [[bn:ডিসেম্বর]] [[br:Kerzu]] [[bs:Decembar]] [[ca:Desembre]] [[ceb:Disyembre]] [[co:Dicembri]] [[cs:Prosinec]] [[csb:Gòdnik]] [[cv:Раштав]] [[cy:Rhagfyr]] [[da:December]] [[de:Dezember]] [[el:Δεκέμβριος]] [[en:December]] [[eo:Decembro]] [[es:Diciembre]] [[et:Detsember]] [[eu:Abendu]] [[fa:دسامبر]] [[fi:Joulukuu]] [[fo:Desember]] [[fr:Décembre]] [[fur:Dicembar]] [[fy:Desimber]] [[ga:Nollaig]] [[gd:An Dùbhlachd]] [[gl:Decembro]] [[he:דצמבר]] [[hr:Prosinac]] [[hu:December]] [[hy:Դեկտեմբեր]] [[ia:Decembre]] [[id:Desember]] [[ie:Decembre]] [[ilo:Deciembre]] [[io:Decembro]] [[is:Desember]] [[it:Dicembre]] [[ja:12月]] [[jv:Desember]] [[ka:დეკემბერი]] [[kn:ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್]] [[ko:12월]] [[ku:Berfanbar]] [[kw:Mys Kevardhu]] [[la:December]] [[lb:Dezember]] [[li:December]] [[lt:Gruodis]] [[lv:Decembris]] [[mg:Desambra]] [[mi:Hakihea]] [[mr:डिसेंबर]] [[ms:Disember]] [[nap:Dicembre]] [[nds-nl:December]] [[nl:December]] [[nn:Desember]] [[no:Desember]] [[nrm:Dézembre]] [[oc:Decembre]] [[pam:Disiembri]] [[pl:Grudzień]] [[pt:Dezembro]] [[ro:Decembrie]] [[ru:Декабрь]] [[scn:Dicèmmiru]] [[sco:December]] [[se:Juovlamánnu]] [[simple:December]] [[sk:December]] [[sl:December]] [[sq:Dhjetori]] [[sr:Децембар]] [[sv:December]] [[sw:Desemba]] [[ta:டிசம்பர்]] [[te:డిసెంబర్]] [[tg:Декабр]] [[th:ธันวาคม]] [[tl:Disyembre]] [[tpi:Disemba]] [[tr:Aralık]] [[tt:Dekäber]] [[uk:Грудень]] [[ur:دسمبر]] [[vi:Tháng mười hai]] [[vo:Dekul]] [[wa:Decimbe]] [[war:Disyembre]] [[zh:12月]] [[zh-yue:12月]] 9897 2006-11-28T20:11:44Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[az:Dekabr]], [[hsb:December]], [[nov:Desembre]] {{sánzá}} {{Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé}} [[af:Desember]] [[als:Dezember]] [[an:Abiento]] [[ang:Gēolmōnaþ]] [[ar:ديسمبر]] [[ast:Avientu]] [[az:Dekabr]] [[bat-smg:Groudis]] [[be:Сьнежань]] [[bg:Декември]] [[bn:ডিসেম্বর]] [[br:Kerzu]] [[bs:Decembar]] [[ca:Desembre]] [[ceb:Disyembre]] [[co:Dicembri]] [[cs:Prosinec]] [[csb:Gòdnik]] [[cv:Раштав]] [[cy:Rhagfyr]] [[da:December]] [[de:Dezember]] [[el:Δεκέμβριος]] [[en:December]] [[eo:Decembro]] [[es:Diciembre]] [[et:Detsember]] [[eu:Abendu]] [[fa:دسامبر]] [[fi:Joulukuu]] [[fo:Desember]] [[fr:Décembre]] [[fur:Dicembar]] [[fy:Desimber]] [[ga:Nollaig]] [[gd:An Dùbhlachd]] [[gl:Decembro]] [[he:דצמבר]] [[hr:Prosinac]] [[hsb:December]] [[hu:December]] [[hy:Դեկտեմբեր]] [[ia:Decembre]] [[id:Desember]] [[ie:Decembre]] [[ilo:Deciembre]] [[io:Decembro]] [[is:Desember]] [[it:Dicembre]] [[ja:12月]] [[jv:Desember]] [[ka:დეკემბერი]] [[kn:ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್]] [[ko:12월]] [[ku:Berfanbar]] [[kw:Mys Kevardhu]] [[la:December]] [[lb:Dezember]] [[li:December]] [[lt:Gruodis]] [[lv:Decembris]] [[mg:Desambra]] [[mi:Hakihea]] [[mr:डिसेंबर]] [[ms:Disember]] [[nap:Dicembre]] [[nds-nl:December]] [[nl:December]] [[nn:Desember]] [[no:Desember]] [[nov:Desembre]] [[nrm:Dézembre]] [[oc:Decembre]] [[pam:Disiembri]] [[pl:Grudzień]] [[pt:Dezembro]] [[ro:Decembrie]] [[ru:Декабрь]] [[scn:Dicèmmiru]] [[sco:December]] [[se:Juovlamánnu]] [[simple:December]] [[sk:December]] [[sl:December]] [[sq:Dhjetori]] [[sr:Децембар]] [[sv:December]] [[sw:Desemba]] [[ta:டிசம்பர்]] [[te:డిసెంబర్]] [[tg:Декабр]] [[th:ธันวาคม]] [[tl:Disyembre]] [[tpi:Disemba]] [[tr:Aralık]] [[tt:Dekäber]] [[uk:Грудень]] [[ur:دسمبر]] [[vi:Tháng mười hai]] [[vo:Dekul]] [[wa:Decimbe]] [[war:Disyembre]] [[zh:12月]] [[zh-yue:12月]] 9913 2006-11-30T01:42:56Z Moyogo 11 {{Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé}} '''Sánza ya yambo''', tǒ ''yanuari'' ezalí [[sánzá (ntángo)|sánzá]] ya mɔ̌kɔ́ o [[manáka]]. Ezalí na [[mokɔlɔ|mikɔlɔ]] ntúku misáto na mɔ̌kɔ́ (31). Mokɔlɔ ya ntúkú míbalé na mitáno o sánzá ya zómi na míbalé ezalí mokɔlɔ ya [[Mbotáma ya Yesu]] (''Noël''). {{sánzá}} [[af:Desember]] [[als:Dezember]] [[an:Abiento]] [[ang:Gēolmōnaþ]] [[ar:ديسمبر]] [[ast:Avientu]] [[az:Dekabr]] [[bat-smg:Groudis]] [[be:Сьнежань]] [[bg:Декември]] [[bn:ডিসেম্বর]] [[br:Kerzu]] [[bs:Decembar]] [[ca:Desembre]] [[ceb:Disyembre]] [[co:Dicembri]] [[cs:Prosinec]] [[csb:Gòdnik]] [[cv:Раштав]] [[cy:Rhagfyr]] [[da:December]] [[de:Dezember]] [[el:Δεκέμβριος]] [[en:December]] [[eo:Decembro]] [[es:Diciembre]] [[et:Detsember]] [[eu:Abendu]] [[fa:دسامبر]] [[fi:Joulukuu]] [[fo:Desember]] [[fr:Décembre]] [[fur:Dicembar]] [[fy:Desimber]] [[ga:Nollaig]] [[gd:An Dùbhlachd]] [[gl:Decembro]] [[he:דצמבר]] [[hr:Prosinac]] [[hsb:December]] [[hu:December]] [[hy:Դեկտեմբեր]] [[ia:Decembre]] [[id:Desember]] [[ie:Decembre]] [[ilo:Deciembre]] [[io:Decembro]] [[is:Desember]] [[it:Dicembre]] [[ja:12月]] [[jv:Desember]] [[ka:დეკემბერი]] [[kn:ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್]] [[ko:12월]] [[ku:Berfanbar]] [[kw:Mys Kevardhu]] [[la:December]] [[lb:Dezember]] [[li:December]] [[lt:Gruodis]] [[lv:Decembris]] [[mg:Desambra]] [[mi:Hakihea]] [[mr:डिसेंबर]] [[ms:Disember]] [[nap:Dicembre]] [[nds-nl:December]] [[nl:December]] [[nn:Desember]] [[no:Desember]] [[nov:Desembre]] [[nrm:Dézembre]] [[oc:Decembre]] [[pam:Disiembri]] [[pl:Grudzień]] [[pt:Dezembro]] [[ro:Decembrie]] [[ru:Декабрь]] [[scn:Dicèmmiru]] [[sco:December]] [[se:Juovlamánnu]] [[simple:December]] [[sk:December]] [[sl:December]] [[sq:Dhjetori]] [[sr:Децембар]] [[sv:December]] [[sw:Desemba]] [[ta:டிசம்பர்]] [[te:డిసెంబర్]] [[tg:Декабр]] [[th:ธันวาคม]] [[tl:Disyembre]] [[tpi:Disemba]] [[tr:Aralık]] [[tt:Dekäber]] [[uk:Грудень]] [[ur:دسمبر]] [[vi:Tháng mười hai]] [[vo:Dekul]] [[wa:Decimbe]] [[war:Disyembre]] [[zh:12月]] [[zh-yue:12月]] 9948 2006-12-11T09:21:14Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[qu:Qhapaq raymi killa]], [[su:Désémber]], [[yi:דעצעמבער]] {{Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé}} '''Sánza ya yambo''', tǒ ''yanuari'' ezalí [[sánzá (ntángo)|sánzá]] ya mɔ̌kɔ́ o [[manáka]]. Ezalí na [[mokɔlɔ|mikɔlɔ]] ntúku misáto na mɔ̌kɔ́ (31). Mokɔlɔ ya ntúkú míbalé na mitáno o sánzá ya zómi na míbalé ezalí mokɔlɔ ya [[Mbotáma ya Yesu]] (''Noël''). {{sánzá}} [[af:Desember]] [[als:Dezember]] [[an:Abiento]] [[ang:Gēolmōnaþ]] [[ar:ديسمبر]] [[ast:Avientu]] [[az:Dekabr]] [[bat-smg:Groudis]] [[be:Сьнежань]] [[bg:Декември]] [[bn:ডিসেম্বর]] [[br:Kerzu]] [[bs:Decembar]] [[ca:Desembre]] [[ceb:Disyembre]] [[co:Dicembri]] [[cs:Prosinec]] [[csb:Gòdnik]] [[cv:Раштав]] [[cy:Rhagfyr]] [[da:December]] [[de:Dezember]] [[el:Δεκέμβριος]] [[en:December]] [[eo:Decembro]] [[es:Diciembre]] [[et:Detsember]] [[eu:Abendu]] [[fa:دسامبر]] [[fi:Joulukuu]] [[fo:Desember]] [[fr:Décembre]] [[fur:Dicembar]] [[fy:Desimber]] [[ga:Nollaig]] [[gd:An Dùbhlachd]] [[gl:Decembro]] [[he:דצמבר]] [[hr:Prosinac]] [[hsb:December]] [[hu:December]] [[hy:Դեկտեմբեր]] [[ia:Decembre]] [[id:Desember]] [[ie:Decembre]] [[ilo:Deciembre]] [[io:Decembro]] [[is:Desember]] [[it:Dicembre]] [[ja:12月]] [[jv:Desember]] [[ka:დეკემბერი]] [[kn:ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್]] [[ko:12월]] [[ku:Berfanbar]] [[kw:Mys Kevardhu]] [[la:December]] [[lb:Dezember]] [[li:December]] [[lt:Gruodis]] [[lv:Decembris]] [[mg:Desambra]] [[mi:Hakihea]] [[mr:डिसेंबर]] [[ms:Disember]] [[nap:Dicembre]] [[nds-nl:December]] [[nl:December]] [[nn:Desember]] [[no:Desember]] [[nov:Desembre]] [[nrm:Dézembre]] [[oc:Decembre]] [[pam:Disiembri]] [[pl:Grudzień]] [[pt:Dezembro]] [[qu:Qhapaq raymi killa]] [[ro:Decembrie]] [[ru:Декабрь]] [[scn:Dicèmmiru]] [[sco:December]] [[se:Juovlamánnu]] [[simple:December]] [[sk:December]] [[sl:December]] [[sq:Dhjetori]] [[sr:Децембар]] [[su:Désémber]] [[sv:December]] [[sw:Desemba]] [[ta:டிசம்பர்]] [[te:డిసెంబర్]] [[tg:Декабр]] [[th:ธันวาคม]] [[tl:Disyembre]] [[tpi:Disemba]] [[tr:Aralık]] [[tt:Dekäber]] [[uk:Грудень]] [[ur:دسمبر]] [[vi:Tháng mười hai]] [[vo:Dekul]] [[wa:Decimbe]] [[war:Disyembre]] [[yi:דעצעמבער]] [[zh:12月]] [[zh-yue:12月]] Template:Nkásá ya sika 1830 6315 2005-09-27T07:14:23Z Moyogo 11 '''Nkásá ya sika :''' <small> [[ Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé]] [[Joseph Kabila]] - [[Kikɔ́ngɔ]] - [[George Walker Bush]] - [[Radio Okapi]] - [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)]] - [[Léopold II]] - [[Tuberculose]] - </small> 6320 2005-09-27T11:21:22Z Moyogo 11 '''Nkásá ya sika :''' <small> [[Motópi]] - [[ Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé]] - [[Joseph Kabila]] - [[Kikɔ́ngɔ]] - [[George Walker Bush]] - [[Radio Okapi]] - [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)]] - [[Léopold II]] - [[Tuberculose]] - </small> 6410 2005-10-06T15:40:39Z Bombo 12 Maladi ewutaka na makambo ya bolingo '''Nkásá ya sika :''' <small> [[Motópi]] - [[ Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé]] - [[Joseph Kabila]] - [[Kikɔ́ngɔ]] - [[George Walker Bush]] - [[Radio Okapi]] - [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)]] - [[Léopold II]] - [[Tuberculose]] - [[Maladi ewutaka na makambo ya bolingo|Maladi ewutaka]] </small> 6785 2005-11-08T10:52:30Z 160.85.2.50 Mobeko_Likonzi_mwa_sika '''Nkásá ya sika :''' <small> [[Motópi]] - [[ Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé]] - [[Joseph Kabila]] - [[Kikɔ́ngɔ]] - [[George Walker Bush]] - [[Radio Okapi]] - [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)]] - [[Léopold II]] - [[Tuberculose]] - [[Maladi ewutaka na makambo ya bolingo|Maladi ewutaka]] [[Mobeko_Likonzi_mwa_sika]] </small> 6786 2005-11-08T10:52:54Z 160.85.2.50 '''Nkásá ya sika :''' <small> [[Motópi]] - [[ Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé]] - [[Joseph Kabila]] - [[Kikɔ́ngɔ]] - [[George Walker Bush]] - [[Radio Okapi]] - [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)]] - [[Léopold II]] - [[Tuberculose]] - [[Maladi ewutaka na makambo ya bolingo|Maladi ewutaka]] [[Mobeko Likonzi mwa sika]] </small> 6793 2005-11-08T11:18:54Z Bombo 12 Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa '''Nkásá ya sika :''' <small> [[Motópi]] - [[ Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé]] - [[Joseph Kabila]] - [[Kikɔ́ngɔ]] - [[George Walker Bush]] - [[Radio Okapi]] - [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)]] - [[Léopold II]] - [[Tuberculose]] - [[Maladi ewutaka na makambo ya bolingo|Maladi ewutaka]] - [[Mobeko Likonzi mwa sika]] - [[Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] </small> 8465 2006-06-20T08:06:00Z 160.85.2.50 '''Nkásá ya sika :''' <small> [[Motópi]] - [[Kikɔ́ngɔ]] - [[George Walker Bush]] - [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)]] - [[Léopold II]] - [[Tuberculose]] - [[Maladi ewutaka na makambo ya bolingo|Maladi ewutaka]] - [[Mobeko Likonzi mwa sika]] - [[Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] - [[Boyíké]] - [[Mokokano]] - [[Eléktron]] - [[Netron]] - [[Proton]] - [[Mokɔkɔli]] - [[Atome]] - [[Fízíkí]] - [[‎Kémi]] - [[‎Biblíya]] - [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] - [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]] - [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ]] - [[Yésu]] - [[Sindika]] - [[Pari]] - [[Fidel Castro]] - [[Denis Sassou Nguesso|Deni Sasu N’gweso]] </small> 8466 2006-06-20T08:07:44Z 160.85.2.50 - ‎Kémi -‎Biblíya '''Nkásá ya sika :''' <small> [[Motópi]] - [[Kikɔ́ngɔ]] - [[George Walker Bush]] - [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)]] - [[Léopold II]] - [[Tuberculose]] - [[Maladi ewutaka na makambo ya bolingo|Maladi ewutaka]] - [[Mobeko Likonzi mwa sika]] - [[Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] - [[Boyíké]] - [[Mokokano]] - [[Eléktron]] - [[Netron]] - [[Proton]] - [[Mokɔkɔli]] - [[Atome]] - [[Fízíkí]] - [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] - [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]] - [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ]] - [[Yésu]] - [[Sindika]] - [[Pari]] - [[Fidel Castro]] - [[Denis Sassou Nguesso|Deni Sasu N’gweso]] </small> 8476 2006-06-25T19:23:05Z Bombo 12 Grippe ya ndeke '''Nkásá ya sika :''' <small> [[Motópi]] - [[Kikɔ́ngɔ]] - [[George Walker Bush]] - [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)]] - [[Léopold II]] - [[Tuberculose]] - [[Maladi ewutaka na makambo ya bolingo|Maladi ewutaka]] - [[Mobeko Likonzi mwa sika]] - [[Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] - [[Boyíké]] - [[Mokokano]] - [[Eléktron]] - [[Netron]] - [[Proton]] - [[Mokɔkɔli]] - [[Atome]] - [[Fízíkí]] - [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] - [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]] - [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ]] - [[Yésu]] - [[Sindika]] - [[Pari]] - [[Fidel Castro]] - [[Denis Sassou Nguesso|Deni Sasu N’gweso]] - [[Grippe ya ndeke]] </small> 9231 2006-08-31T11:31:24Z Bombo 12 '''Nkásá ya sika :''' <small> [[Motópi]] - [[Kikɔ́ngɔ]] - [[George Walker Bush]] - [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)]] - [[Léopold II]] - [[Tuberculose]] - [[Maladi ewutaka na makambo ya bolingo|Maladi ewutaka]] - [[Mobeko Likonzi mwa sika]] - [[Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] - [[Boyíké]] - [[Mokokano]] - [[Eléktron]] - [[Netron]] - [[Proton]] - [[Mokɔkɔli]] - [[Atome]] - [[Fízíkí]] - [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] - [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]] - [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ]] - [[Yesu|Yesu Kristo]] - [[Sindika]] - [[Pari]] - [[Fidel Castro]] - [[Denis Sassou Nguesso|Deni Sasu N’gweso]] - [[Grippe ya ndeke]] [[Nzembo‎]] </small> 9384 2006-09-28T12:38:06Z Bombo 12 Monɔkɔ '''Nkásá ya sika :''' <small> [[Motópi]] - [[Kikɔ́ngɔ]] - [[George Walker Bush]] - [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)]] - [[Léopold II]] - [[Tuberculose]] - [[Maladi ewutaka na makambo ya bolingo|Maladi ewutaka]] - [[Mobeko Likonzi mwa sika]] - [[Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] - [[Boyíké]] - [[Mokokano]] - [[Eléktron]] - [[Netron]] - [[Proton]] - [[Mokɔkɔli]] - [[Atome]] - [[Fízíkí]] - [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] - [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]] - [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ]] - [[Yesu|Yesu Kristo]] - [[Sindika]] - [[Pari]] - [[Fidel Castro]] - [[Denis Sassou Nguesso|Deni Sasu N’gweso]] - [[Grippe ya ndeke]] [[Nzembo]] [[Monɔkɔ]] </small> 9386 2006-09-28T12:39:09Z Bombo 12 '''Nkásá ya sika :''' <small> [[Motópi]] - [[Kikɔ́ngɔ]] - [[George Walker Bush]] - [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)]] - [[Léopold II]] - [[Tuberculose]] - [[Maladi ewutaka na makambo ya bolingo|Maladi ewutaka]] - [[Mobeko Likonzi mwa sika]] - [[Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] - [[Boyíké]] - [[Mokokano]] - [[Eléktron]] - [[Netron]] - [[Proton]] - [[Mokɔkɔli]] - [[Atome]] - [[Fízíkí]] - [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] - [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]] - [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ]] - [[Yesu|Yesu Kristo]] - [[Sindika]] - [[Pari]] - [[Fidel Castro]] - [[Denis Sassou Nguesso|Deni Sasu N’gweso]] - [[Grippe ya ndeke]] - [[Nzembo]] - [[Monɔkɔ]] </small> 9389 2006-09-28T21:25:18Z Moyogo 11 '''Nkásá ya sika :''' <small> [[Motópi]] - [[Kikɔ́ngɔ]] - [[George Walker Bush]] - [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)]] - [[Léopold II]] - [[Tuberculose]] - [[Maladi ewutaka na makambo ya bolingo|Maladi ewutaka]] - [[Mobeko Likonzi mwa sika]] - [[Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] - [[Boyíké]] - [[Mokokano]] - [[Eléktron]] - [[Netron]] - [[Proton]] - [[Mokɔkɔli]] - [[Atome]] - [[Fízíkí]] - [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] - [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]] - [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ]] - [[Yesu|Yesu Kristo]] - [[Sindika]] - [[Pari]] - [[Fidel Castro]] - [[Denis Sassou Nguesso|Deni Sasu N’gweso]] - [[Grippe ya ndeke]] - [[Nzembo]] - [[Monɔkɔ]] - [[Mbébo]] </small> 9557 2006-10-22T15:21:02Z Bombo 12 '''Nkásá ya sika :''' <small> [[Motópi]] - [[Kikɔ́ngɔ]] - [[George Walker Bush]] - [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)]] - [[Léopold II]] - [[Tuberculose]] - [[Maladi ewutaka na makambo ya bolingo|Maladi ewutaka]] - [[Mobeko Likonzi mwa sika]] - [[Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] - [[Boyíké]] - [[Mokokano]] - [[Eléktron]] - [[Netron]] - [[Proton]] - [[Mokɔkɔli]] - [[Atome]] - [[Fízíkí]] - [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] - [[Falansia]] - [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]] - [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ]] - [[Yesu|Yesu Kristo]] - [[Sindika]] - [[Pari]] - [[Fidel Castro]] - [[Denis Sassou Nguesso|Deni Sasu N’gweso]] - [[Grippe ya ndeke]] - [[Nzembo]] - [[Monɔkɔ]] - [[Mbébo]] - [[Yerusalemi]] - [[Pake]] - [[Stress]] </small> Motópi 1831 6318 2005-09-27T11:19:52Z Moyogo 11 ntína [[Image:Football iu 1996.jpg|250px|right]] {{ndámbo}} [[Motópi]] ezalí [[masano]]. [[Category:Masano]] 6319 2005-09-27T11:20:40Z Moyogo 11 {{ndámbo}} [[Image:Football iu 1996.jpg|250px|right|]] [[Motópi]] ezalí [[masano]]. [[Category:Masano]] 8926 2006-07-19T15:44:35Z Moyogo 11 +interwiki fr na en {{ndámbo}} [[Image:Football iu 1996.jpg|250px|right|]] [[Motópi]] ezalí [[masano]]. [[Category:Masano]] [[fr:Football]] [[en:Football (soccer)]] Londoni 1832 6322 2005-09-27T11:41:23Z Bombo 12 '''Londoni''' {{Londoni}} 6595 2005-10-27T10:22:31Z Bombo 12 interwiki '''Londoni''' {{Londoni}} [[de:London]] [[fr:Londres]] [[en:London]] 7007 2005-11-24T11:28:43Z 160.85.2.50 Category '''Londoni''' {{Londoni}} [[de:London]] [[fr:Londres]] [[en:London]] [[Category:Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] 7591 2006-01-10T02:17:59Z Moyogo 11 {{ndámbo}} '''Londoni''' ezalí [[mbóka-mokonzi]] ya [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]]. {{Londoni}} [[de:London]] [[fr:Londres]] [[en:London]] [[Category:Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] 7841 2006-03-10T17:39:35Z Bombo 12 img [[Image:Houses.of.parliament.overall.arp.jpg||thumb|250px|Londoni, Commune na Westminster: Parlament mpe [[Big Ben]].]] '''Londoni''' ezalí [[mbóka-mokonzi]] ya [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]]. {{ndámbo}} {{Londoni}} [[de:London]] [[fr:Londres]] [[en:London]] [[Category:Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] 7884 2006-03-28T04:24:02Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: af, als, an, ang, ar, ast, be, bg, br, bs, ca, cs, cy, da, el, eo, es, et, eu, fi, fiu-vro, fy, ga, gd, gl, gu, he, hi, hr, hu, ia, id, io, is, it, ja, ka, ko, ku, kw, la, lb, li, lt, lv, mk, ms, nds, nl, nn, no, pl, pt, ro, ru, scn, s [[Image:Houses.of.parliament.overall.arp.jpg||thumb|250px|Londoni, Commune na Westminster: Parlament mpe [[Big Ben]].]] '''Londoni''' ezalí [[mbóka-mokonzi]] ya [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]]. {{ndámbo}} {{Londoni}} [[Category:Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] [[af:Londen]] [[als:London]] [[an:Londres]] [[ang:Lunden]] [[ar:لندن]] [[ast:Londres]] [[be:Лёндан]] [[bg:Лондон]] [[br:Londrez]] [[bs:London]] [[ca:Londres]] [[cs:Londýn]] [[cy:Llundain]] [[da:London]] [[de:London]] [[el:Λονδίνο]] [[en:London]] [[eo:Londono]] [[es:Londres]] [[et:London]] [[eu:London]] [[fi:Lontoo]] [[fiu-vro:London]] [[fr:Londres]] [[fy:Londen]] [[ga:Londain]] [[gd:Lunnainn]] [[gl:Londres - London]] [[gu:લંડન]] [[he:לונדון]] [[hi:लंदन]] [[hr:London]] [[hu:London]] [[ia:London]] [[id:London]] [[io:London (Anglia)]] [[is:London]] [[it:Londra]] [[ja:ロンドン]] [[ka:ლონდონი]] [[ko:런던]] [[ku:London]] [[kw:Loundres]] [[la:Londinium]] [[lb:London]] [[li:Londe]] [[lt:Londonas]] [[lv:Londona]] [[mk:Лондон]] [[ms:London]] [[nds:London]] [[nl:Londen]] [[nn:London]] [[no:London]] [[pl:Londyn]] [[pt:Londres]] [[ro:Londra]] [[ru:Лондон]] [[scn:Londra]] [[sco:Lunnon]] [[sh:London]] [[simple:London]] [[sk:Londýn]] [[sl:London]] [[sr:Лондон]] [[sv:London]] [[ta:இலண்டன்]] [[th:ลอนดอน]] [[tr:Londra]] [[tt:London]] [[uk:Лондон]] [[vi:Luân Đôn]] [[yi:לאנדאן]] [[zh:伦敦]] [[zh-min-nan:London]] 7969 2006-04-05T04:51:50Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: nrm [[Image:Houses.of.parliament.overall.arp.jpg||thumb|250px|Londoni, Commune na Westminster: Parlament mpe [[Big Ben]].]] '''Londoni''' ezalí [[mbóka-mokonzi]] ya [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]]. {{ndámbo}} {{Londoni}} [[Category:Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] [[af:Londen]] [[als:London]] [[an:Londres]] [[ang:Lunden]] [[ar:لندن]] [[ast:Londres]] [[be:Лёндан]] [[bg:Лондон]] [[br:Londrez]] [[bs:London]] [[ca:Londres]] [[cs:Londýn]] [[cy:Llundain]] [[da:London]] [[de:London]] [[el:Λονδίνο]] [[en:London]] [[eo:Londono]] [[es:Londres]] [[et:London]] [[eu:London]] [[fi:Lontoo]] [[fiu-vro:London]] [[fr:Londres]] [[fy:Londen]] [[ga:Londain]] [[gd:Lunnainn]] [[gl:Londres - London]] [[gu:લંડન]] [[he:לונדון]] [[hi:लंदन]] [[hr:London]] [[hu:London]] [[ia:London]] [[id:London]] [[io:London (Anglia)]] [[is:London]] [[it:Londra]] [[ja:ロンドン]] [[ka:ლონდონი]] [[ko:런던]] [[ku:London]] [[kw:Loundres]] [[la:Londinium]] [[lb:London]] [[li:Londe]] [[lt:Londonas]] [[lv:Londona]] [[mk:Лондон]] [[ms:London]] [[nds:London]] [[nl:Londen]] [[nn:London]] [[no:London]] [[nrm:Londres]] [[pl:Londyn]] [[pt:Londres]] [[ro:Londra]] [[ru:Лондон]] [[scn:Londra]] [[sco:Lunnon]] [[sh:London]] [[simple:London]] [[sk:Londýn]] [[sl:London]] [[sr:Лондон]] [[sv:London]] [[ta:இலண்டன்]] [[th:ลอนดอน]] [[tr:Londra]] [[tt:London]] [[uk:Лондон]] [[vi:Luân Đôn]] [[yi:לאנדאן]] [[zh:伦敦]] [[zh-min-nan:London]] 8944 2006-07-22T20:37:47Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: fa, frp, os, roa-rup, sq, tg, ug, vo, zh-yue Modifie: eu [[Image:Houses.of.parliament.overall.arp.jpg||thumb|250px|Londoni, Commune na Westminster: Parlament mpe [[Big Ben]].]] '''Londoni''' ezalí [[mbóka-mokonzi]] ya [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]]. {{ndámbo}} {{Londoni}} [[Category:Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] [[af:Londen]] [[als:London]] [[an:Londres]] [[ang:Lunden]] [[ar:لندن]] [[ast:Londres]] [[be:Лёндан]] [[bg:Лондон]] [[br:Londrez]] [[bs:London]] [[ca:Londres]] [[cs:Londýn]] [[cy:Llundain]] [[da:London]] [[de:London]] [[el:Λονδίνο]] [[en:London]] [[eo:Londono]] [[es:Londres]] [[et:London]] [[eu:Londres]] [[fa:لندن]] [[fi:Lontoo]] [[fiu-vro:London]] [[fr:Londres]] [[frp:Londres]] [[fy:Londen]] [[ga:Londain]] [[gd:Lunnainn]] [[gl:Londres - London]] [[gu:લંડન]] [[he:לונדון]] [[hi:लंदन]] [[hr:London]] [[hu:London]] [[ia:London]] [[id:London]] [[io:London (Anglia)]] [[is:London]] [[it:Londra]] [[ja:ロンドン]] [[ka:ლონდონი]] [[ko:런던]] [[ku:London]] [[kw:Loundres]] [[la:Londinium]] [[lb:London]] [[li:Londe]] [[lt:Londonas]] [[lv:Londona]] [[mk:Лондон]] [[ms:London]] [[nds:London]] [[nl:Londen]] [[nn:London]] [[no:London]] [[nrm:Londres]] [[os:Лондон]] [[pl:Londyn]] [[pt:Londres]] [[ro:Londra]] [[roa-rup:Londra]] [[ru:Лондон]] [[scn:Londra]] [[sco:Lunnon]] [[sh:London]] [[simple:London]] [[sk:Londýn]] [[sl:London]] [[sq:Londra]] [[sr:Лондон]] [[sv:London]] [[ta:இலண்டன்]] [[tg:Лондон]] [[th:ลอนดอน]] [[tr:Londra]] [[tt:London]] [[ug:لوندون]] [[uk:Лондон]] [[vi:Luân Đôn]] [[vo:London]] [[yi:לאנדאן]] [[zh:伦敦]] [[zh-min-nan:London]] [[zh-yue:倫敦]] 9028 2006-08-02T05:57:26Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: [[bn:লন্ডন]], [[oc:Londres]] [[Image:Houses.of.parliament.overall.arp.jpg||thumb|250px|Londoni, Commune na Westminster: Parlament mpe [[Big Ben]].]] '''Londoni''' ezalí [[mbóka-mokonzi]] ya [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]]. {{ndámbo}} {{Londoni}} [[Category:Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] [[af:Londen]] [[als:London]] [[an:Londres]] [[ang:Lunden]] [[ar:لندن]] [[ast:Londres]] [[be:Лёндан]] [[bg:Лондон]] [[bn:লন্ডন]] [[br:Londrez]] [[bs:London]] [[ca:Londres]] [[cs:Londýn]] [[cy:Llundain]] [[da:London]] [[de:London]] [[el:Λονδίνο]] [[en:London]] [[eo:Londono]] [[es:Londres]] [[et:London]] [[eu:Londres]] [[fa:لندن]] [[fi:Lontoo]] [[fiu-vro:London]] [[fr:Londres]] [[frp:Londres]] [[fy:Londen]] [[ga:Londain]] [[gd:Lunnainn]] [[gl:Londres - London]] [[gu:લંડન]] [[he:לונדון]] [[hi:लंदन]] [[hr:London]] [[hu:London]] [[ia:London]] [[id:London]] [[io:London (Anglia)]] [[is:London]] [[it:Londra]] [[ja:ロンドン]] [[ka:ლონდონი]] [[ko:런던]] [[ku:London]] [[kw:Loundres]] [[la:Londinium]] [[lb:London]] [[li:Londe]] [[lt:Londonas]] [[lv:Londona]] [[mk:Лондон]] [[ms:London]] [[nds:London]] [[nl:Londen]] [[nn:London]] [[no:London]] [[nrm:Londres]] [[oc:Londres]] [[os:Лондон]] [[pl:Londyn]] [[pt:Londres]] [[ro:Londra]] [[roa-rup:Londra]] [[ru:Лондон]] [[scn:Londra]] [[sco:Lunnon]] [[sh:London]] [[simple:London]] [[sk:Londýn]] [[sl:London]] [[sq:Londra]] [[sr:Лондон]] [[sv:London]] [[ta:இலண்டன்]] [[tg:Лондон]] [[th:ลอนดอน]] [[tr:Londra]] [[tt:London]] [[ug:لوندون]] [[uk:Лондон]] [[vi:Luân Đôn]] [[vo:London]] [[yi:לאנדאן]] [[zh:伦敦]] [[zh-min-nan:London]] [[zh-yue:倫敦]] 9316 2006-09-02T19:47:24Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[az:London]], [[hy:Լոնդոն]] [[Image:Houses.of.parliament.overall.arp.jpg||thumb|250px|Londoni, Commune na Westminster: Parlament mpe [[Big Ben]].]] '''Londoni''' ezalí [[mbóka-mokonzi]] ya [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]]. {{ndámbo}} {{Londoni}} [[Category:Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] [[af:Londen]] [[als:London]] [[an:Londres]] [[ang:Lunden]] [[ar:لندن]] [[ast:Londres]] [[az:London]] [[be:Лёндан]] [[bg:Лондон]] [[bn:লন্ডন]] [[br:Londrez]] [[bs:London]] [[ca:Londres]] [[cs:Londýn]] [[cy:Llundain]] [[da:London]] [[de:London]] [[el:Λονδίνο]] [[en:London]] [[eo:Londono]] [[es:Londres]] [[et:London]] [[eu:Londres]] [[fa:لندن]] [[fi:Lontoo]] [[fiu-vro:London]] [[fr:Londres]] [[frp:Londres]] [[fy:Londen]] [[ga:Londain]] [[gd:Lunnainn]] [[gl:Londres - London]] [[gu:લંડન]] [[he:לונדון]] [[hi:लंदन]] [[hr:London]] [[hu:London]] [[hy:Լոնդոն]] [[ia:London]] [[id:London]] [[io:London (Anglia)]] [[is:London]] [[it:Londra]] [[ja:ロンドン]] [[ka:ლონდონი]] [[ko:런던]] [[ku:London]] [[kw:Loundres]] [[la:Londinium]] [[lb:London]] [[li:Londe]] [[lt:Londonas]] [[lv:Londona]] [[mk:Лондон]] [[ms:London]] [[nds:London]] [[nl:Londen]] [[nn:London]] [[no:London]] [[nrm:Londres]] [[oc:Londres]] [[os:Лондон]] [[pl:Londyn]] [[pt:Londres]] [[ro:Londra]] [[roa-rup:Londra]] [[ru:Лондон]] [[scn:Londra]] [[sco:Lunnon]] [[sh:London]] [[simple:London]] [[sk:Londýn]] [[sl:London]] [[sq:Londra]] [[sr:Лондон]] [[sv:London]] [[ta:இலண்டன்]] [[tg:Лондон]] [[th:ลอนดอน]] [[tr:Londra]] [[tt:London]] [[ug:لوندون]] [[uk:Лондон]] [[vi:Luân Đôn]] [[vo:London]] [[yi:לאנדאן]] [[zh:伦敦]] [[zh-min-nan:London]] [[zh-yue:倫敦]] 9517 2006-10-18T02:51:06Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: [[am:ለንደን]], [[mr:लंडन]], [[rm:Londra]] [[Image:Houses.of.parliament.overall.arp.jpg||thumb|250px|Londoni, Commune na Westminster: Parlament mpe [[Big Ben]].]] '''Londoni''' ezalí [[mbóka-mokonzi]] ya [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]]. {{ndámbo}} {{Londoni}} [[Category:Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] [[af:Londen]] [[als:London]] [[am:ለንደን]] [[an:Londres]] [[ang:Lunden]] [[ar:لندن]] [[ast:Londres]] [[az:London]] [[be:Лёндан]] [[bg:Лондон]] [[bn:লন্ডন]] [[br:Londrez]] [[bs:London]] [[ca:Londres]] [[cs:Londýn]] [[cy:Llundain]] [[da:London]] [[de:London]] [[el:Λονδίνο]] [[en:London]] [[eo:Londono]] [[es:Londres]] [[et:London]] [[eu:Londres]] [[fa:لندن]] [[fi:Lontoo]] [[fiu-vro:London]] [[fr:Londres]] [[frp:Londres]] [[fy:Londen]] [[ga:Londain]] [[gd:Lunnainn]] [[gl:Londres - London]] [[gu:લંડન]] [[he:לונדון]] [[hi:लंदन]] [[hr:London]] [[hu:London]] [[hy:Լոնդոն]] [[ia:London]] [[id:London]] [[io:London (Anglia)]] [[is:London]] [[it:Londra]] [[ja:ロンドン]] [[ka:ლონდონი]] [[ko:런던]] [[ku:London]] [[kw:Loundres]] [[la:Londinium]] [[lb:London]] [[li:Londe]] [[lt:Londonas]] [[lv:Londona]] [[mk:Лондон]] [[mr:लंडन]] [[ms:London]] [[nds:London]] [[nl:Londen]] [[nn:London]] [[no:London]] [[nrm:Londres]] [[oc:Londres]] [[os:Лондон]] [[pl:Londyn]] [[pt:Londres]] [[rm:Londra]] [[ro:Londra]] [[roa-rup:Londra]] [[ru:Лондон]] [[scn:Londra]] [[sco:Lunnon]] [[sh:London]] [[simple:London]] [[sk:Londýn]] [[sl:London]] [[sq:Londra]] [[sr:Лондон]] [[sv:London]] [[ta:இலண்டன்]] [[tg:Лондон]] [[th:ลอนดอน]] [[tr:Londra]] [[tt:London]] [[ug:لوندون]] [[uk:Лондон]] [[vi:Luân Đôn]] [[vo:London]] [[yi:לאנדאן]] [[zh:伦敦]] [[zh-min-nan:London]] [[zh-yue:倫敦]] 9871 2006-11-25T17:29:59Z Bombo 12 cat [[Image:Houses.of.parliament.overall.arp.jpg||thumb|250px|Londoni, Commune na Westminster: Parlament mpe [[Big Ben]].]] '''Londoni''' ezalí [[mbóka-mokonzi]] ya [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]]. {{ndámbo}} {{Londoni}} [[Category:Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] [[Category:Londoni]] [[af:Londen]] [[als:London]] [[am:ለንደን]] [[an:Londres]] [[ang:Lunden]] [[ar:لندن]] [[ast:Londres]] [[az:London]] [[be:Лёндан]] [[bg:Лондон]] [[bn:লন্ডন]] [[br:Londrez]] [[bs:London]] [[ca:Londres]] [[cs:Londýn]] [[cy:Llundain]] [[da:London]] [[de:London]] [[el:Λονδίνο]] [[en:London]] [[eo:Londono]] [[es:Londres]] [[et:London]] [[eu:Londres]] [[fa:لندن]] [[fi:Lontoo]] [[fiu-vro:London]] [[fr:Londres]] [[frp:Londres]] [[fy:Londen]] [[ga:Londain]] [[gd:Lunnainn]] [[gl:Londres - London]] [[gu:લંડન]] [[he:לונדון]] [[hi:लंदन]] [[hr:London]] [[hu:London]] [[hy:Լոնդոն]] [[ia:London]] [[id:London]] [[io:London (Anglia)]] [[is:London]] [[it:Londra]] [[ja:ロンドン]] [[ka:ლონდონი]] [[ko:런던]] [[ku:London]] [[kw:Loundres]] [[la:Londinium]] [[lb:London]] [[li:Londe]] [[lt:Londonas]] [[lv:Londona]] [[mk:Лондон]] [[mr:लंडन]] [[ms:London]] [[nds:London]] [[nl:Londen]] [[nn:London]] [[no:London]] [[nrm:Londres]] [[oc:Londres]] [[os:Лондон]] [[pl:Londyn]] [[pt:Londres]] [[rm:Londra]] [[ro:Londra]] [[roa-rup:Londra]] [[ru:Лондон]] [[scn:Londra]] [[sco:Lunnon]] [[sh:London]] [[simple:London]] [[sk:Londýn]] [[sl:London]] [[sq:Londra]] [[sr:Лондон]] [[sv:London]] [[ta:இலண்டன்]] [[tg:Лондон]] [[th:ลอนดอน]] [[tr:Londra]] [[tt:London]] [[ug:لوندون]] [[uk:Лондон]] [[vi:Luân Đôn]] [[vo:London]] [[yi:לאנדאן]] [[zh:伦敦]] [[zh-min-nan:London]] [[zh-yue:倫敦]] 9917 2006-12-01T12:57:09Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[qu:London]], [[ur:لندن]] Modifie: [[be:Лондан]] [[Image:Houses.of.parliament.overall.arp.jpg||thumb|250px|Londoni, Commune na Westminster: Parlament mpe [[Big Ben]].]] '''Londoni''' ezalí [[mbóka-mokonzi]] ya [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]]. {{ndámbo}} {{Londoni}} [[Category:Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] [[Category:Londoni]] [[af:Londen]] [[als:London]] [[am:ለንደን]] [[an:Londres]] [[ang:Lunden]] [[ar:لندن]] [[ast:Londres]] [[az:London]] [[be:Лондан]] [[bg:Лондон]] [[bn:লন্ডন]] [[br:Londrez]] [[bs:London]] [[ca:Londres]] [[cs:Londýn]] [[cy:Llundain]] [[da:London]] [[de:London]] [[el:Λονδίνο]] [[en:London]] [[eo:Londono]] [[es:Londres]] [[et:London]] [[eu:Londres]] [[fa:لندن]] [[fi:Lontoo]] [[fiu-vro:London]] [[fr:Londres]] [[frp:Londres]] [[fy:Londen]] [[ga:Londain]] [[gd:Lunnainn]] [[gl:Londres - London]] [[gu:લંડન]] [[he:לונדון]] [[hi:लंदन]] [[hr:London]] [[hu:London]] [[hy:Լոնդոն]] [[ia:London]] [[id:London]] [[io:London (Anglia)]] [[is:London]] [[it:Londra]] [[ja:ロンドン]] [[ka:ლონდონი]] [[ko:런던]] [[ku:London]] [[kw:Loundres]] [[la:Londinium]] [[lb:London]] [[li:Londe]] [[lt:Londonas]] [[lv:Londona]] [[mk:Лондон]] [[mr:लंडन]] [[ms:London]] [[nds:London]] [[nl:Londen]] [[nn:London]] [[no:London]] [[nrm:Londres]] [[oc:Londres]] [[os:Лондон]] [[pl:Londyn]] [[pt:Londres]] [[qu:London]] [[rm:Londra]] [[ro:Londra]] [[roa-rup:Londra]] [[ru:Лондон]] [[scn:Londra]] [[sco:Lunnon]] [[sh:London]] [[simple:London]] [[sk:Londýn]] [[sl:London]] [[sq:Londra]] [[sr:Лондон]] [[sv:London]] [[ta:இலண்டன்]] [[tg:Лондон]] [[th:ลอนดอน]] [[tr:Londra]] [[tt:London]] [[ug:لوندون]] [[uk:Лондон]] [[ur:لندن]] [[vi:Luân Đôn]] [[vo:London]] [[yi:לאנדאן]] [[zh:伦敦]] [[zh-min-nan:London]] [[zh-yue:倫敦]] 9982 2006-12-16T13:42:05Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[co:Londra]] Modifie: [[io:London]] [[Image:Houses.of.parliament.overall.arp.jpg||thumb|250px|Londoni, Commune na Westminster: Parlament mpe [[Big Ben]].]] '''Londoni''' ezalí [[mbóka-mokonzi]] ya [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]]. {{ndámbo}} {{Londoni}} [[Category:Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] [[Category:Londoni]] [[af:Londen]] [[als:London]] [[am:ለንደን]] [[an:Londres]] [[ang:Lunden]] [[ar:لندن]] [[ast:Londres]] [[az:London]] [[be:Лондан]] [[bg:Лондон]] [[bn:লন্ডন]] [[br:Londrez]] [[bs:London]] [[ca:Londres]] [[co:Londra]] [[cs:Londýn]] [[cy:Llundain]] [[da:London]] [[de:London]] [[el:Λονδίνο]] [[en:London]] [[eo:Londono]] [[es:Londres]] [[et:London]] [[eu:Londres]] [[fa:لندن]] [[fi:Lontoo]] [[fiu-vro:London]] [[fr:Londres]] [[frp:Londres]] [[fy:Londen]] [[ga:Londain]] [[gd:Lunnainn]] [[gl:Londres - London]] [[gu:લંડન]] [[he:לונדון]] [[hi:लंदन]] [[hr:London]] [[hu:London]] [[hy:Լոնդոն]] [[ia:London]] [[id:London]] [[io:London]] [[is:London]] [[it:Londra]] [[ja:ロンドン]] [[ka:ლონდონი]] [[ko:런던]] [[ku:London]] [[kw:Loundres]] [[la:Londinium]] [[lb:London]] [[li:Londe]] [[lt:Londonas]] [[lv:Londona]] [[mk:Лондон]] [[mr:लंडन]] [[ms:London]] [[nds:London]] [[nl:Londen]] [[nn:London]] [[no:London]] [[nrm:Londres]] [[oc:Londres]] [[os:Лондон]] [[pl:Londyn]] [[pt:Londres]] [[qu:London]] [[rm:Londra]] [[ro:Londra]] [[roa-rup:Londra]] [[ru:Лондон]] [[scn:Londra]] [[sco:Lunnon]] [[sh:London]] [[simple:London]] [[sk:Londýn]] [[sl:London]] [[sq:Londra]] [[sr:Лондон]] [[sv:London]] [[ta:இலண்டன்]] [[tg:Лондон]] [[th:ลอนดอน]] [[tr:Londra]] [[tt:London]] [[ug:لوندون]] [[uk:Лондон]] [[ur:لندن]] [[vi:Luân Đôn]] [[vo:London]] [[yi:לאנדאן]] [[zh:伦敦]] [[zh-min-nan:London]] [[zh-yue:倫敦]] Template:Londoni 1833 6323 2005-09-27T11:41:42Z Bombo 12 <br clear=all> {| style="margin: 0 auto; width: 80%;" class="toccolours" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" |- style="background: #efefef;" |align=center| [[Image:Glc.gif|30px|Crest of Greater London]] '''[[Greater London]]''' | '''[[London]]''' | '''[[City of London]]''' [[Image:City of London flag.gif|50px|Flag of the City of London]] |- |align=center| '''[[London borough]]s''': [[London Borough of Barking and Dagenham|Barking and Dagenham]] | [[London Borough of Barnet|Barnet]] | [[London Borough of Bexley|Bexley]] | [[London Borough of Brent|Brent]] | [[London Borough of Bromley|Bromley]] | [[London Borough of Camden|Camden]] | [[London Borough of Croydon|Croydon]] | [[London Borough of Ealing|Ealing]] | [[London Borough of Enfield|Enfield]] | [[London Borough of Greenwich|Greenwich]] | [[London Borough of Hackney|Hackney]] | [[London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham|Hammersmith and Fulham]] | [[London Borough of Haringey|Haringey]] | [[London Borough of Harrow|Harrow]] | [[London Borough of Havering|Havering]] | [[London Borough of Hillingdon|Hillingdon]] | [[London Borough of Hounslow|Hounslow]] | [[London Borough of Islington|Islington]] | [[Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea|Kensington and Chelsea]] | [[Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames|Kingston]] | [[London Borough of Lambeth|Lambeth]] | [[London Borough of Lewisham|Lewisham]] | [[London Borough of Merton|Merton]] | [[London Borough of Newham|Newham]] | [[London Borough of Redbridge|Redbridge]] | [[London Borough of Richmond upon Thames|Richmond]] | [[London Borough of Southwark|Southwark]] | [[London Borough of Sutton|Sutton]] | [[London Borough of Tower Hamlets|Tower Hamlets]] | [[London Borough of Waltham Forest|Waltham Forest]] | [[London Borough of Wandsworth|Wandsworth]] | [[City of Westminster]] '''''[[Sui generis]]'':''' [[City of London]] '''[[Enclave]]s:''' [[Inner Temple]] | [[Middle Temple]] |- |align=center| '''See also:''' [[Greater London Authority]] | [[London Assembly]] | [[Mayor of London]]<br /> |} 6325 2005-09-27T12:12:37Z Bombo 12 London > Londoni <br clear=all> {| style="margin: 0 auto; width: 80%;" class="toccolours" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" |- style="background: #efefef;" |align=center| [[Image:Glc.gif|30px|Crest of Greater London]] '''[[Greater London]]''' | '''[[Londoni]]''' | '''[[City of London]]''' [[Image:City of London flag.gif|50px|Flag of the City of London]] |- |align=center| '''[[London borough]]s''': [[London Borough of Barking and Dagenham|Barking and Dagenham]] | [[London Borough of Barnet|Barnet]] | [[London Borough of Bexley|Bexley]] | [[London Borough of Brent|Brent]] | [[London Borough of Bromley|Bromley]] | [[London Borough of Camden|Camden]] | [[London Borough of Croydon|Croydon]] | [[London Borough of Ealing|Ealing]] | [[London Borough of Enfield|Enfield]] | [[London Borough of Greenwich|Greenwich]] | [[London Borough of Hackney|Hackney]] | [[London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham|Hammersmith and Fulham]] | [[London Borough of Haringey|Haringey]] | [[London Borough of Harrow|Harrow]] | [[London Borough of Havering|Havering]] | [[London Borough of Hillingdon|Hillingdon]] | [[London Borough of Hounslow|Hounslow]] | [[London Borough of Islington|Islington]] | [[Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea|Kensington and Chelsea]] | [[Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames|Kingston]] | [[London Borough of Lambeth|Lambeth]] | [[London Borough of Lewisham|Lewisham]] | [[London Borough of Merton|Merton]] | [[London Borough of Newham|Newham]] | [[London Borough of Redbridge|Redbridge]] | [[London Borough of Richmond upon Thames|Richmond]] | [[London Borough of Southwark|Southwark]] | [[London Borough of Sutton|Sutton]] | [[London Borough of Tower Hamlets|Tower Hamlets]] | [[London Borough of Waltham Forest|Waltham Forest]] | [[London Borough of Wandsworth|Wandsworth]] | [[City of Westminster]] '''''[[Sui generis]]'':''' [[City of London]] '''[[Enclave]]s:''' [[Inner Temple]] | [[Middle Temple]] |- |align=center| '''See also:''' [[Greater London Authority]] | [[London Assembly]] | [[Mayor of London]]<br /> |} 8072 2006-04-25T14:32:45Z 84.189.250.190 <br clear=all> {| style="margin: 0 auto; width: 80%;" class="toccolours" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" |- style="background: #efefef;" |align=center| [[Image:Glc.gif|30px|Crest of Greater London]] '''[[Greater London]]''' | '''[[Londoni]]''' | '''[[City of London]]''' [[Image:Flag of the City of London.svg|50px|Flag of the City of London]] |- |align=center| '''[[London borough]]s''': [[London Borough of Barking and Dagenham|Barking and Dagenham]] | [[London Borough of Barnet|Barnet]] | [[London Borough of Bexley|Bexley]] | [[London Borough of Brent|Brent]] | [[London Borough of Bromley|Bromley]] | [[London Borough of Camden|Camden]] | [[London Borough of Croydon|Croydon]] | [[London Borough of Ealing|Ealing]] | [[London Borough of Enfield|Enfield]] | [[London Borough of Greenwich|Greenwich]] | [[London Borough of Hackney|Hackney]] | [[London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham|Hammersmith and Fulham]] | [[London Borough of Haringey|Haringey]] | [[London Borough of Harrow|Harrow]] | [[London Borough of Havering|Havering]] | [[London Borough of Hillingdon|Hillingdon]] | [[London Borough of Hounslow|Hounslow]] | [[London Borough of Islington|Islington]] | [[Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea|Kensington and Chelsea]] | [[Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames|Kingston]] | [[London Borough of Lambeth|Lambeth]] | [[London Borough of Lewisham|Lewisham]] | [[London Borough of Merton|Merton]] | [[London Borough of Newham|Newham]] | [[London Borough of Redbridge|Redbridge]] | [[London Borough of Richmond upon Thames|Richmond]] | [[London Borough of Southwark|Southwark]] | [[London Borough of Sutton|Sutton]] | [[London Borough of Tower Hamlets|Tower Hamlets]] | [[London Borough of Waltham Forest|Waltham Forest]] | [[London Borough of Wandsworth|Wandsworth]] | [[City of Westminster]] '''''[[Sui generis]]'':''' [[City of London]] '''[[Enclave]]s:''' [[Inner Temple]] | [[Middle Temple]] |- |align=center| '''See also:''' [[Greater London Authority]] | [[London Assembly]] | [[Mayor of London]]<br /> |} London Borough of Barking and Dagenham 1834 6324 2005-09-27T12:11:25Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Arms-bark-dag.jpg|thumb|270px|Barking and Dagenham London Borough]] Komini ya '''Barking and Dagenham''' asalelaka koleka 164.000 ya batu. Komini ya Barking and Dagenham ezali na monieli ya [[Londoni]], na nordi ya mayi [[Thames]], mpe na kati ya nzela M25. Ba komini ya pembeni ezali [[London Borough of Newham|Newham]], na epai moyi mokolalaka, [[London Borough of Redbridge|Redbridge]], na nordi mpe [[London Borough of Havering|Havering]], na monieli. Komini ya Barking mpe Dagenham abonzelaka misala na mayo matali ndakesileli, elalelo ba ndako, misala na environement local, misala etali lingomba, planification ya botongeli, mpe mosolo moa elalelo. Komini asalaka mpe na ndambu ya mangomba ya place mpe ya ekolo mpo na kobunda na mikakatano lokola bobomi, kozanga, kozanga bosembo, isolement na lingomba. Na bambula ntuku mibale oyo ewuti koleka Barking and Dagenham ya solo awuti kobongola misala na ye. Ewuti kokoma ndenge na ngende: kokani na batu ya baekolo oyo ezali ndambo eke emati kobanda na 16% ti 25%. Ba masanga yasika ewutu ko salama na kati ya oyo ezalaka mpe toza na 3500 a 5000 ya batu bazali ba réfugiés to bazo senga ngunda bazo fanda na komini. Stabilité monene ezali mpo 2/3 ya lisanga bafandi awa banda plus de 20 ans. Maboti bazali bien representés na bokoli epai ya bilenge equilibre ezali na mikolo na koleka ¼ ya batu oyo bafandaka na commune balekisa 50 ans. Ba resultat malamu na bakelasi esalamaki na kati ya komini na bambula ewuti ko leka. ==Nkásá o libanda Wikipedia== *[http://www.barking-dagenham.gov.uk/ London Borough of Barking and Dagenham] {{Londoni}} 7006 2005-11-24T11:27:37Z 160.85.2.50 Category [[Image:Arms-bark-dag.jpg|thumb|270px|Barking and Dagenham London Borough]] Komini ya '''Barking and Dagenham''' asalelaka koleka 164.000 ya batu. Komini ya Barking and Dagenham ezali na monieli ya [[Londoni]], na nordi ya mayi [[Thames]], mpe na kati ya nzela M25. Ba komini ya pembeni ezali [[London Borough of Newham|Newham]], na epai moyi mokolalaka, [[London Borough of Redbridge|Redbridge]], na nordi mpe [[London Borough of Havering|Havering]], na monieli. Komini ya Barking mpe Dagenham abonzelaka misala na mayo matali ndakesileli, elalelo ba ndako, misala na environement local, misala etali lingomba, planification ya botongeli, mpe mosolo moa elalelo. Komini asalaka mpe na ndambu ya mangomba ya place mpe ya ekolo mpo na kobunda na mikakatano lokola bobomi, kozanga, kozanga bosembo, isolement na lingomba. Na bambula ntuku mibale oyo ewuti koleka Barking and Dagenham ya solo awuti kobongola misala na ye. Ewuti kokoma ndenge na ngende: kokani na batu ya baekolo oyo ezali ndambo eke emati kobanda na 16% ti 25%. Ba masanga yasika ewutu ko salama na kati ya oyo ezalaka mpe toza na 3500 a 5000 ya batu bazali ba réfugiés to bazo senga ngunda bazo fanda na komini. Stabilité monene ezali mpo 2/3 ya lisanga bafandi awa banda plus de 20 ans. Maboti bazali bien representés na bokoli epai ya bilenge equilibre ezali na mikolo na koleka ¼ ya batu oyo bafandaka na commune balekisa 50 ans. Ba resultat malamu na bakelasi esalamaki na kati ya komini na bambula ewuti ko leka. ==Nkásá o libanda Wikipedia== *[http://www.barking-dagenham.gov.uk/ London Borough of Barking and Dagenham] {{Londoni}} [[Category:Bakomini ya Londoni]] [[Category:Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] 9320 2006-09-03T14:42:52Z 80.218.22.40 en: [[Image:Arms-bark-dag.jpg|thumb|270px|Barking and Dagenham London Borough]] Komini ya '''Barking and Dagenham''' asalelaka koleka 164.000 ya batu. Komini ya Barking and Dagenham ezali na monieli ya [[Londoni]], na nordi ya mayi [[Thames]], mpe na kati ya nzela M25. Ba komini ya pembeni ezali [[London Borough of Newham|Newham]], na epai moyi mokolalaka, [[London Borough of Redbridge|Redbridge]], na nordi mpe [[London Borough of Havering|Havering]], na monieli. Komini ya Barking mpe Dagenham abonzelaka misala na mayo matali ndakesileli, elalelo ba ndako, misala na environement local, misala etali lingomba, planification ya botongeli, mpe mosolo moa elalelo. Komini asalaka mpe na ndambu ya mangomba ya place mpe ya ekolo mpo na kobunda na mikakatano lokola bobomi, kozanga, kozanga bosembo, isolement na lingomba. Na bambula ntuku mibale oyo ewuti koleka Barking and Dagenham ya solo awuti kobongola misala na ye. Ewuti kokoma ndenge na ngende: kokani na batu ya baekolo oyo ezali ndambo eke emati kobanda na 16% ti 25%. Ba masanga yasika ewutu ko salama na kati ya oyo ezalaka mpe toza na 3500 a 5000 ya batu bazali ba réfugiés to bazo senga ngunda bazo fanda na komini. Stabilité monene ezali mpo 2/3 ya lisanga bafandi awa banda plus de 20 ans. Maboti bazali bien representés na bokoli epai ya bilenge equilibre ezali na mikolo na koleka ¼ ya batu oyo bafandaka na commune balekisa 50 ans. Ba resultat malamu na bakelasi esalamaki na kati ya komini na bambula ewuti ko leka. ==Nkásá o libanda Wikipedia== *[http://www.barking-dagenham.gov.uk/ London Borough of Barking and Dagenham] {{Londoni}} [[Category:Bakomini ya Londoni]] [[Category:Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] [[en:London Borough of Barking and Dagenham]] Lazariste 1835 6328 2005-09-27T14:13:53Z Bombo 12 '''Congrégation de la Mission (Lazariste)''' ebandi o mobu 1625 o mboka [[Paris]]. Kasi ut'o ebandela, mosala mwa lingomba lina moyebanaki mpe o bikolo bisusu. Lingomba ya Mission lisangisi ba nganga-Nzambe na mpe ba mofulele. Bango batangemi ba ''Religieux'' te, ata ko bakosalaka bilako. Likanisi ya Mosantu [[Vincent wa Paul]] lizalaki 'te akoka kobongisa lingomba lyoko na ntina ya kozala mpe kosala mosala lisanga na bato banso ba mokili. Engebene na mibeko mya Eklezya, bakotanga lyango "société de vie apostolique". == Ntina ya lingomba == Lingomba lya Mission lizali kosangela nsango elamu na babola, na nguya ya elimo ya [[Kristu]]. Mosala mokotinda ba Lazariste bazala na bizaleli biye : * Kolinga kosala liboso mpenza kati ya babola : bosangeli Nsango Elamu na babola, yango nde elembo'te bokonzi bwa likolo bokomi penepene (cf. Mt 11,5) ; * Kozala mpe na bokebi na makambo ma mokili, mingi mpenza koluka koyeba ntina ya bokeseni mpe bozangi bosembo o bokaboli nkita na kati ya mokili. wana nde kosala mosala mwa profeta o bosangeli Nsango Elamu; * Koyeba kokabola na babola mpasi ya bango, na ntina 'te bobele biso toteya bango te, kasi bango mpe basangela biso Nsango Elamu. * Kozala banso lisanga mpo ya kokolisa bolingani mpe bosalisani o kati ya lingomba. * Kozala na esengo soki lingomba lisengi biso tokende bipai binso na mokili, lokola ba missionnaire ba yambo ba lingomba bapesi biso ndakisa. * Moko moko mpe biso banso lisanga tokoluka ntango inso kobongola motema, lokola Santu Polo akoloba na biso : "bolanda ezalela ya bato ba nse eye te, kasi bokoma bato ba mayele ma sika." (Rm 12,2) (Constitution art.12). == Lingomba lizali kosala mosala wapi? == Lingomba ya Mission likabwani na ba 45 Provinces ntuku inei na itano, na 3 Vice-provinces isato. O molongo mobimba, lingomba lizali kosala na bikolo ntuku mwambi,bikabwani o bituka to continent inso: [[Afrika]], [[Amerika]], [[Autralie]], [[Asia]] (kin'o [[Chine]]) mpe [[Eropa]]. == Tozali boni o kati ya lingomba? ==  O mobu 1998, lingomba ya Mission lizalaki na ba membre 4193. O kati ya bango. Baepiskopo bazali 29 Banganga-Nzambe  3191 Ba mofulele 203 Ba diakono na bai-likindo basali séminaire interne 770 O mibu miye, motango mwa baye bazali kokota na lingomba o bikolo bya Europa mozali moke mpenza. Kasi o bikolo bya Afrika na Amerika ya nse, motango mona mokoli mingi mpenza. == Misala mya lingomba ut'o kala == Engebene na mibeko mya lingomba, * Uto ebandela, lingomba ya Mission lizali koteya ba mission populaire na ba paroisse. * Lingomba lizali mpe kosangela o bikolo biye biyoki naino Nsango Elamu te (mission "ad gentes"). Ezala o bikolo biyebanaka lokola bikolo bya bopalanginyi eyamba to " pays de Mission " (Afrika, Asia, Australie), ezala mpe sik'oyo na Albania, mpe bikolo Ukraina, Siberia, Lituania, Tanzania, Bisanga Salomom, Cuba, Taiwan, Mozambique na mpe bisusu. * O bikolo biyike, ba Lazariste bazali kokoba mosala mwa bobokoli bilenge o nzela ya bonganga na makindo (ba Séminaire), mingi mpenza bikolo bizangi ba nganga-Nzambe ba bangomei (clergé autochtone). * Basango bazali kosalisa ba Filles de charités na nzela ya molimo, mpe mangomba masusu ya ba laic mabandisami na mosantu Vincent (lokola AIC) to mazali kolanda nzela eye alakisaki o kati ya Eklezya mpe mokili (Société de Saint-Vincent de Paul, Association de la Médaille miraculeuse, Jeunesse Mariale Vincentienne...). * O bikolo bisusu, biteyelo bizali apostolat enene, banda biye bya yambo kin'o biye bya likolo (universités) (Philippines, USA ). == Mioko misala mya sika == Ba Lazariste basusu bazali kosala elongo na batu bavandi pene na bikunde binene bya bosoto na bingumba (lokola na Payatas, Philippines). Basusu bazali kosalisa bilenge biye batukoli nzotu na bomeli makaya makasi (ba drogué), bato bakobela sida (na Europa), bato bakufa matoi (o Irlande), bitumbe, bana bazali kokola o ba balabala (ba shegué) mpe batu bazangi ndako. Ba Lazariste basusu bazali kosala mpo ya botomboli bomoi na mayele ma batu baye bazali naino na bizaleli bya kala (indigènes), to ya baye bakovandaka esika yoko te (ba Tzigane). O [[Brésil]], ba Lazariste bakosala mpe apostolat pene na batambwisi mituka minene (ba camioneur), baye bakozalaka ntango inso se na nzela. Basusu bazali kosalisa bato bakimi bitumba to kwokoso isusu, (réfugiés), to baye bazangi minkanda ya leta (sans papiers) mpe koteya bilenge bazangi misala. (o Mputu) Bakosala mpe mpo ya bokolisi masanga make ma bakristu to Communautés Ecclésiales de Base, na mpe mpo ya ba laïc baye bakokamba masanga mana. Basusu bakoluka kokolisa lolenge la mosala mosantu Vincent alakisaki o ntei ya biteyelo mpe ya ba université. Basusu bakomipesa o masanga ma bomanyoli bomoi bwa bamibonza, bobokoli bana na bilenge, ntina ya boboyi koyamba (athéisme), nzela ya bopesi mpe bozwi nsango, pastorale ya mabota na mpe masalisi ndenge na ndenge matali ezaleli mpe bomoto. Tokokuta mpe ba Lazariste basusu bakopesa mateya o biteyelo bya bokolisi boyambi mpe bomoto, ezala biye bya ba diocèse, ezala biye bya lingomba lya Mission to mpe biye bya mangomba masusu. == SIEV mpe CIF == Mpo ya bokolisi mposa ya boyekoli bomoi, misala mya mosantu Vincent mpe elimo atikeli biso, lisanga lyoko likelami na nkombo "Secrétariat International d'Etudes Vincentiennes" (SIEV). SIEV ezali kolengele sanza yoko ya mateya (mois vincentien) na Paris mpo ya ba Lazariste (babandi mpe kondima mangomba masusu maye makolandaka ndakisa ya mosantu Vincent). Kaka o mboka Paris, babandisi "Centre International de Formation Saint-Vincent" (CIF). Ezali kopesa mateya ma recyclage mpo ya ba Lazariste bazali na mibu 35 kin'o 50. == Provincce ya Kongo-Beljika == O ekolo [[Beljika]], ndako ya liboso ya lingomba lya Mission efungwamaki na [[Liège]] na 1902. Ndako ya yambo ya lingomba o Kongo efungwami na [[Bikoro]] (Mbandaka) na 1926. Na 1929 bafungoli ndako ya [[Leuven]] mpe 1952 eye ya [[Lessines]]. O mobu 1947, ndako inso isangani o Province ya Beljika mpe ''Congo Belge'' ekomi "mission" ya Province ena. O mobu 1991, na botalaka 'te ba Lazariste bazali lisusu mingi te o Beljika mpe awa motango mwa bango mokomi kokola o ekolo [[Kongo]], Bakonzi ba lingomba bazwi mokano mwa bokomisi Kongo Province mpe bobongoli Beljika bo Etuka to Région autonome o kati ya Province ya Kongo. Ezali na ndimbola enene 'te o bobange bwa ye, province-mama ekoka kokoma o maboko ma mwana oyo ye akolisi na motema monso. === I. Province ya Kongo === Province ya Kongo ebandisami na ba Lazariste ya Beljika. Sango [[Félix Dekempeneer]], mobandisi wa mission ya Bikoro, akomi o Kongo o mobu 1925, mpo ya kolengele boyei bwa ba nyango ba ''Filles de la Charité''. Mpe wana bamopesi mosala mwa bosangeli Nsango Elamu o etuka ya Bikoro. O ntango ena, mission ya Bikoro ezalaki na batu soko nkoto ntuku ibale, mpe mbele bakristu bobele nkoto yoko na ndambo to nkoto ibale. O mobu 1959, mission ya Bikoro ekomi Diocesi mpe Mgr [[Camille Vandekerkove]], lazariste, akomaki [[Episkopo]] wa yambo ya Diocesi ena. Basango Lazaristes babandisi ba [[paroisse]] iye: Bikoro St. Vincent de Paul (1926), [[Irebu]] Notre Dame du Chenal (1928), [[Lukolela]] Sacré-Coeur (1933), [[Bokongo]] Sainte Famille (1936), [[Yumbi]] Christ-Roi (1938), [[Bolobo Notre Dame (1946), [[Itipo]] Saint Joseph (1948), [[Iboko]] Notre Dame de la Médaille Miraculeuse (1956), [[Mooto]] Saint Emille (1962), mpe [[Momboyo]] Martyrs d'ouganda (1963). Ut'o mobu 1975, nsima ya liwa lya Mgr Camille, diocesi ya Bikoro esangani na eye ya [[Mbandaka]]. Nkombo ya diocèse ekomi Archidiocèse de Mbandaka-Bikoro. Liboso o bokambemi bwa Mgr [[Pierre Wijnants]], wa lingomba lya ba Missionnaire du Sacré-Coeur, na nsima o bokambemi bwa Mgr [[Frédéric Etsou]], oyo akomi lelo Cardinal mpe Episkopo wa lokumu wa [[Kinshasa]]. Lelo, Archidiocèse ya Mbandaka-Bikoro ezali o maboko ma Mgr [[Joseph Nkumuondala]]. O mobu 1982, ba Lazaristes bakamati paroisse Notre Dame du Congo na Mbandaka. Nsima bazwaki mpe Paroisse St. Paul Apôtre (1992-1998) na Mbandaka. Bobele o engumba ya Mbandaka, bafungoli ndako "Félix Dekempeneer", eye ekoyangela [[Cité Elikya]] mpo ya kobokolo mpe kosalisa bana to bilenge baye bazangi mosala (1998). Na Kinshasa ba Lazariste bazali kosala o paroisse St Adrien ya Ngaba ut'o mobu 1986. Bobele na Kinshasa, bafungoli ndako ya boyambi basango bazali na lipaya na [[Limete]] (1991). Bazwi mpe mosala mwa bokambi bato ba mpasi na lopitalo St. Joseph. Awa babandi kozwa bana mboka baye balingi kolanda nzela ya mosantu Vincent awa na mboka Kongo, bafungoli ndako ya boyekoli ibale : O mobu 1981, Séminaire Interne (noviciat) "Source de vie" na [[Bokongo]], eye eleki na Itipo ut'o 1994. Na mobu 1985, bafungoli likindo linene to Scolasticat Saint Vincent de Paul, na [[Kimwenza]] (Kinshasa) mpo ya baye bakoyekolaka philosophie mpe théologie. Na moi mwa lelo, Province ya Kongo ezali na ba missionnaire 34 (ba nganga-Nzambe 32, diakono moko mpe mofulele moko) na bilenge ba likindo 27. Mpo etali bikolo bya bango, ba missionnaire bakabwani boye : 21 bazali ba congolais, 9 polonais, 2 belges, 1 hollandais mpe 1 italien. Ba lazariste congolais babale bazali missionnaire na Algérie mpe na Cameroun. Mosusu asengeli kokenda bo Directeur ya Séminaire interne na [[Kamerun]]. Lazariste polonais moko wa province ya Congo azali kosala mosala na Beljika. Ba Lazariste basusu banei bauti o province ya Kongo bazali sika kosala o ekolo [[Chine]] (1 hollandais) mpe na [[Haïti]] (2 polonais), mpe na [[Gresi]] (1 polonais). ==== Misala mya ba Lazariste o Congo ==== O Archidiocese ya Mbandaka-Bikoro, basango ba Lazariste bazali kokamba ba paroisse mwambi (8). Mosala mwa bango motali mingi mpenza: * Bokolisi bakristu o nzela ya boyambi, o kati ya masanga make to Communauté Ecclésiale de Base (CEB), engebene na mwango mwa Eklezya ya Congo. * Bopesi mateya na bakatekisi to na ba laïc basusu baponami mpo ya kokamba masanga ma bakristu o mboka. Mateya mango makopesama mpo ya mobu moko na "Centre de Formation chrétienne de Bikoro". Epai esusu, "Centre d'Animation Missionnaire" ezali koteya ba mission populaire mpe kolengele ba laïc mpe bakambi ba mangomba ma apostolat. * Misala mya botomboli bomoto mpe mboka; bolendisi o misala mya bilanga; botongi biteyelo mpe Ndako-Nzambe o mboka na mpe misala misusu ndenge na ndenge miye mitali bolamu bwa bato Bo bana ba Santu Vincent, ba Lazariste bazali kotiya motema mpe na boluki nzela kani bakoki kosalisa bilenge bazangi mosala (Cité Elikya na Mbandaka) na mpe bato ba mpasi (Lopitalo St. Joseph na Kinshasa). Lokola bazali o libota linene lya Santu Vincent, ba Lazariste bazali kosala manso mpo ya bokolisi bomoko o kati ya bango na mangomba masusu maye mazali kolanda ndakisa ya Santu Vincent (ndakisa : Filles de la Charité, Religieux de St. Vincent de Paul na basusu bayike). Bayangeli ba mangomba mana manso bakokutanaka mbala na mbala na Kinshasa mpo ya mateya mpe bisambo. Mosala mwa bango o kati ya ba Laïc baye bazali kolanda mpe ndakisa ya Santu Vincent mozali komonana mingi mpenza na nzela ya lingomba to "Association de la Médaille Miraculeuse", eye euti kobanda awa na Congo, na nzela ya Société de Saint Vincent de Paul, Jeunesse Mariale Vincentienne, na mpe masanga masusu malandi mosantu Vincent. === II. Région ya Beljika === ==== 1. Leuven ==== Ndako ya Leuven ekosalaka mosala mwa "procure" mpo ya Province ya Congo : Bosombi mpe botindi biloko mpo ya ba Lazariste bazali o Kongo. Ndako ya boyambi ba Lazaristes baye bayei kopemisa nzoto (bazali na congé) to mpe baye bazali kobela. Ndako ya bopemi mpo ya bandeko baye bakomi mibange to baye bazali kobela. Ba Lazariste baye bavandi o ndako ya Leuven bazali mpe kosala misala na lopitalo (lokola aumônier to lokola volontaire), bakotalaka batu baye bazali na mikakatano, bakosanganaka na mangomba ya losambo (groupes de prière) mpe bakosalisaka ba Filles de la Charité baye bakolobaka flamand. ==== 2. Lessines ==== Ndako-Nzambe ya Lessines esalemi na bokundoli bomilakisi bwa Ngondo Mosantu Maria na rue du Bac (Paris). Mokolo mwa yambo mwa poso inso, lisanga Association de la Médaille Miraculeuse likosambelaka losambo la novena (na 20h ). Tokoyambaka mpe bakristu balingi koleka o sanctuaire (ba pèlerin), ezala moto moko moko to mpe lisanga. Poso nyonso ya nsuka ya sanza ya mitano, tosalaka losambo lonene la novena o bokambemi bwa nganga-Nzambe moko auti epai esusu mpo ya kolendisa bana ba Mama Maria. Bokutani bona bwa losambo bokosangisaka bandeko banso ba Belgique baye bamesani koya epai ya Mama. Lokasa to revue mensuelle moko (2000 exemplaires) lozali kosangisa bayebani ba biso banso. Ndako-Nzambe ya biso esalaka mpe misala minso mikosalemaka o paroisse. Moko wa ba nganga-Nzambe ba sanctuaire azali na kati ya baye bakoteyaka o ba paroisse ya doyenné ya Lessines. ==== 3. Liège ==== Maison "ad instar domus" Ba Lazariste ba Liège bavandi esika yoko te, kasi bazali motema moko na mosala : Na bosalisi banyango ba Filles de la Charité, mangomba ma bilenge mpe na boteyi bakristu na ba ndako. Na bosalisi baye bayei lipaya na Belgique (immigrés) na mpe baye bakimi bitumba na mobulu o mboka ya bango (réfugiés). Tozali kosalisa bango na biloko, kobunda mpo ya makoki mpe bomoto ya bango. 6478 2005-10-13T15:16:55Z Bombo 12 /* Provincce ya Kongo-Beljika */ '''Congrégation de la Mission (Lazariste)''' ebandi o mobu 1625 o mboka [[Paris]]. Kasi ut'o ebandela, mosala mwa lingomba lina moyebanaki mpe o bikolo bisusu. Lingomba ya Mission lisangisi ba nganga-Nzambe na mpe ba mofulele. Bango batangemi ba ''Religieux'' te, ata ko bakosalaka bilako. Likanisi ya Mosantu [[Vincent wa Paul]] lizalaki 'te akoka kobongisa lingomba lyoko na ntina ya kozala mpe kosala mosala lisanga na bato banso ba mokili. Engebene na mibeko mya Eklezya, bakotanga lyango "société de vie apostolique". == Ntina ya lingomba == Lingomba lya Mission lizali kosangela nsango elamu na babola, na nguya ya elimo ya [[Kristu]]. Mosala mokotinda ba Lazariste bazala na bizaleli biye : * Kolinga kosala liboso mpenza kati ya babola : bosangeli Nsango Elamu na babola, yango nde elembo'te bokonzi bwa likolo bokomi penepene (cf. Mt 11,5) ; * Kozala mpe na bokebi na makambo ma mokili, mingi mpenza koluka koyeba ntina ya bokeseni mpe bozangi bosembo o bokaboli nkita na kati ya mokili. wana nde kosala mosala mwa profeta o bosangeli Nsango Elamu; * Koyeba kokabola na babola mpasi ya bango, na ntina 'te bobele biso toteya bango te, kasi bango mpe basangela biso Nsango Elamu. * Kozala banso lisanga mpo ya kokolisa bolingani mpe bosalisani o kati ya lingomba. * Kozala na esengo soki lingomba lisengi biso tokende bipai binso na mokili, lokola ba missionnaire ba yambo ba lingomba bapesi biso ndakisa. * Moko moko mpe biso banso lisanga tokoluka ntango inso kobongola motema, lokola Santu Polo akoloba na biso : "bolanda ezalela ya bato ba nse eye te, kasi bokoma bato ba mayele ma sika." (Rm 12,2) (Constitution art.12). == Lingomba lizali kosala mosala wapi? == Lingomba ya Mission likabwani na ba 45 Provinces ntuku inei na itano, na 3 Vice-provinces isato. O molongo mobimba, lingomba lizali kosala na bikolo ntuku mwambi,bikabwani o bituka to continent inso: [[Afrika]], [[Amerika]], [[Autralie]], [[Asia]] (kin'o [[Chine]]) mpe [[Eropa]]. == Tozali boni o kati ya lingomba? ==  O mobu 1998, lingomba ya Mission lizalaki na ba membre 4193. O kati ya bango. Baepiskopo bazali 29 Banganga-Nzambe  3191 Ba mofulele 203 Ba diakono na bai-likindo basali séminaire interne 770 O mibu miye, motango mwa baye bazali kokota na lingomba o bikolo bya Europa mozali moke mpenza. Kasi o bikolo bya Afrika na Amerika ya nse, motango mona mokoli mingi mpenza. == Misala mya lingomba ut'o kala == Engebene na mibeko mya lingomba, * Uto ebandela, lingomba ya Mission lizali koteya ba mission populaire na ba paroisse. * Lingomba lizali mpe kosangela o bikolo biye biyoki naino Nsango Elamu te (mission "ad gentes"). Ezala o bikolo biyebanaka lokola bikolo bya bopalanginyi eyamba to " pays de Mission " (Afrika, Asia, Australie), ezala mpe sik'oyo na Albania, mpe bikolo Ukraina, Siberia, Lituania, Tanzania, Bisanga Salomom, Cuba, Taiwan, Mozambique na mpe bisusu. * O bikolo biyike, ba Lazariste bazali kokoba mosala mwa bobokoli bilenge o nzela ya bonganga na makindo (ba Séminaire), mingi mpenza bikolo bizangi ba nganga-Nzambe ba bangomei (clergé autochtone). * Basango bazali kosalisa ba Filles de charités na nzela ya molimo, mpe mangomba masusu ya ba laic mabandisami na mosantu Vincent (lokola AIC) to mazali kolanda nzela eye alakisaki o kati ya Eklezya mpe mokili (Société de Saint-Vincent de Paul, Association de la Médaille miraculeuse, Jeunesse Mariale Vincentienne...). * O bikolo bisusu, biteyelo bizali apostolat enene, banda biye bya yambo kin'o biye bya likolo (universités) (Philippines, USA ). == Mioko misala mya sika == Ba Lazariste basusu bazali kosala elongo na batu bavandi pene na bikunde binene bya bosoto na bingumba (lokola na Payatas, Philippines). Basusu bazali kosalisa bilenge biye batukoli nzotu na bomeli makaya makasi (ba drogué), bato bakobela sida (na Europa), bato bakufa matoi (o Irlande), bitumbe, bana bazali kokola o ba balabala (ba shegué) mpe batu bazangi ndako. Ba Lazariste basusu bazali kosala mpo ya botomboli bomoi na mayele ma batu baye bazali naino na bizaleli bya kala (indigènes), to ya baye bakovandaka esika yoko te (ba Tzigane). O [[Brésil]], ba Lazariste bakosala mpe apostolat pene na batambwisi mituka minene (ba camioneur), baye bakozalaka ntango inso se na nzela. Basusu bazali kosalisa bato bakimi bitumba to kwokoso isusu, (réfugiés), to baye bazangi minkanda ya leta (sans papiers) mpe koteya bilenge bazangi misala. (o Mputu) Bakosala mpe mpo ya bokolisi masanga make ma bakristu to Communautés Ecclésiales de Base, na mpe mpo ya ba laïc baye bakokamba masanga mana. Basusu bakoluka kokolisa lolenge la mosala mosantu Vincent alakisaki o ntei ya biteyelo mpe ya ba université. Basusu bakomipesa o masanga ma bomanyoli bomoi bwa bamibonza, bobokoli bana na bilenge, ntina ya boboyi koyamba (athéisme), nzela ya bopesi mpe bozwi nsango, pastorale ya mabota na mpe masalisi ndenge na ndenge matali ezaleli mpe bomoto. Tokokuta mpe ba Lazariste basusu bakopesa mateya o biteyelo bya bokolisi boyambi mpe bomoto, ezala biye bya ba diocèse, ezala biye bya lingomba lya Mission to mpe biye bya mangomba masusu. == SIEV mpe CIF == Mpo ya bokolisi mposa ya boyekoli bomoi, misala mya mosantu Vincent mpe elimo atikeli biso, lisanga lyoko likelami na nkombo "Secrétariat International d'Etudes Vincentiennes" (SIEV). SIEV ezali kolengele sanza yoko ya mateya (mois vincentien) na Paris mpo ya ba Lazariste (babandi mpe kondima mangomba masusu maye makolandaka ndakisa ya mosantu Vincent). Kaka o mboka Paris, babandisi "Centre International de Formation Saint-Vincent" (CIF). Ezali kopesa mateya ma recyclage mpo ya ba Lazariste bazali na mibu 35 kin'o 50. == Provincce ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Beljika == O ekolo [[Beljika]], ndako ya liboso ya lingomba lya Mission efungwamaki na [[Liège]] na 1902. Ndako ya yambo ya lingomba o Kɔ́ngɔ efungwami na [[Bikoro]] (Mbandaka) na 1926. Na 1929 bafungoli ndako ya [[Leuven]] mpe 1952 eye ya [[Lessines]]. O mobu 1947, ndako inso isangani o Province ya Beljika mpe ''Congo Belge'' ekomi "mission" ya Province ena. O mobu 1991, na botalaka 'te ba Lazariste bazali lisusu mingi te o Beljika mpe awa motango mwa bango mokomi kokola o ekolo [[Kongo|Kɔ́ngɔ]], Bakonzi ba lingomba bazwi mokano mwa bokomisi Kongo Province mpe bobongoli Beljika bo Etuka to Région autonome o kati ya Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ. Ezali na ndimbola enene 'te o bobange bwa ye, province-mama ekoka kokoma o maboko ma mwana oyo ye akolisi na motema monso. === I. Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ === Province ya Kongo ebandisami na ba Lazariste ya Beljika. Sango [[Félix Dekempeneer]], mobandisi wa mission ya Bikoro, akomi o Kongo o mobu 1925, mpo ya kolengele boyei bwa ba nyango ba ''Filles de la Charité''. Mpe wana bamopesi mosala mwa bosangeli Nsango Elamu o etuka ya Bikoro. O ntango ena, mission ya Bikoro ezalaki na batu soko nkoto ntuku ibale, mpe mbele bakristu bobele nkoto yoko na ndambo to nkoto ibale. O mobu 1959, mission ya Bikoro ekomi Diocesi mpe Mgr [[Camille Vandekerkove]], lazariste, akomaki [[Episkopo]] wa yambo ya Diocesi ena. Basango Lazaristes babandisi ba [[paroisse]] iye: Bikoro St. Vincent wa Paul (1926), [[Irebu]] Notre Dame du Chenal (1928), [[Lukolela]] Sacré-Coeur (1933), [[Bokongo]] Sainte Famille (1936), [[Yumbi]] Christ-Roi (1938), [[Bolobo Notre Dame (1946), [[Itipo]] Saint Joseph (1948), [[Iboko]] Notre Dame de la Médaille Miraculeuse (1956), [[Mooto]] Saint Emille (1962), mpe [[Momboyo]] Martyrs d'ouganda (1963). Ut'o mobu 1975, nsima ya liwa lya Mgr Camille, diocesi ya Bikoro esangani na eye ya [[Mbandaka]]. Nkombo ya diocèse ekomi Archidiocèse de Mbandaka-Bikoro. Liboso o bokambemi bwa Mgr [[Pierre Wijnants]], wa lingomba lya ba Missionnaire du Sacré-Coeur, na nsima o bokambemi bwa Mgr [[Frédéric Etsou]], oyo akomi lelo Cardinal mpe Episkopo wa lokumu wa [[Kinshasa]]. Lelo, Archidiocèse ya Mbandaka-Bikoro ezali o maboko ma Mgr [[Joseph Nkumuondala]]. O mobu 1982, ba Lazaristes bakamati paroisse Notre Dame du Congo na Mbandaka. Nsima bazwaki mpe Paroisse St. Paul Apôtre (1992-1998) na Mbandaka. Bobele o engumba ya Mbandaka, bafungoli ndako "Félix Dekempeneer", eye ekoyangela [[Cité Elikya]] mpo ya kobokolo mpe kosalisa bana to bilenge baye bazangi mosala (1998). Na Kinshasa ba Lazariste bazali kosala o paroisse St Adrien ya Ngaba ut'o mobu 1986. Bobele na Kinshasa, bafungoli ndako ya boyambi basango bazali na lipaya na [[Limete]] (1991). Bazwi mpe mosala mwa bokambi bato ba mpasi na lopitalo St. Joseph. Awa babandi kozwa bana mboka baye balingi kolanda nzela ya mosantu Vincent awa na mboka Kongo, bafungoli ndako ya boyekoli ibale : O mobu 1981, Séminaire Interne (noviciat) "Source de vie" na [[Bokongo]], eye eleki na Itipo ut'o 1994. Na mobu 1985, bafungoli likindo linene to Scolasticat Saint Vincent de Paul, na [[Kimwenza]] (Kinshasa) mpo ya baye bakoyekolaka philosophie mpe théologie. Na moi mwa lelo, Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ ezali na ba missionnaire 34 (ba nganga-Nzambe 32, diakono moko mpe mofulele moko) na bilenge ba likindo 27. Mpo etali bikolo bya bango, ba missionnaire bakabwani boye : 21 bazali ba congolais, 9 polonais, 2 belges, 1 hollandais mpe 1 italien. Ba lazariste congolais babale bazali missionnaire na Algérie mpe na Cameroun. Mosusu asengeli kokenda bo Directeur ya Séminaire interne na [[Kamerun]]. Lazariste polonais moko wa province ya Congo azali kosala mosala na Beljika. Ba Lazariste basusu banei bauti o province ya Kɔ́ngɔ bazali sika kosala o ekolo [[Chine]] (1 hollandais) mpe na [[Haïti]] (2 polonais), mpe na [[Gresi]] (1 polonais). ==== Misala mya ba Lazariste o Kɔ́ngɔ ==== O Archidiocese ya Mbandaka-Bikoro, basango ba Lazariste bazali kokamba ba paroisse mwambi (8). Mosala mwa bango motali mingi mpenza: * Bokolisi bakristu o nzela ya boyambi, o kati ya masanga make to Communauté Ecclésiale de Base (CEB), engebene na mwango mwa Eklezya ya Kɔ́ngɔ. * Bopesi mateya na bakatekisi to na ba laïc basusu baponami mpo ya kokamba masanga ma bakristu o mboka. Mateya mango makopesama mpo ya mobu moko na "Centre de Formation chrétienne de Bikoro". Epai esusu, "Centre d'Animation Missionnaire" ezali koteya ba mission populaire mpe kolengele ba laïc mpe bakambi ba mangomba ma apostolat. * Misala mya botomboli bomoto mpe mboka; bolendisi o misala mya bilanga; botongi biteyelo mpe Ndako-Nzambe o mboka na mpe misala misusu ndenge na ndenge miye mitali bolamu bwa bato Bo bana ba Santu Vincent, ba Lazariste bazali kotiya motema mpe na boluki nzela kani bakoki kosalisa bilenge bazangi mosala (Cité Elikya na Mbandaka) na mpe bato ba mpasi (Lopitalo St. Joseph na Kinshasa). Lokola bazali o libota linene lya Santu Vincent, ba Lazariste bazali kosala manso mpo ya bokolisi bomoko o kati ya bango na mangomba masusu maye mazali kolanda ndakisa ya Santu Vincent (ndakisa : Filles de la Charité, Religieux de St. Vincent de Paul na basusu bayike). Bayangeli ba mangomba mana manso bakokutanaka mbala na mbala na Kinshasa mpo ya mateya mpe bisambo. Mosala mwa bango o kati ya ba Laïc baye bazali kolanda mpe ndakisa ya Santu Vincent mozali komonana mingi mpenza na nzela ya lingomba to "Association de la Médaille Miraculeuse", eye euti kobanda awa na Congo, na nzela ya Société de Saint Vincent de Paul, Jeunesse Mariale Vincentienne, na mpe masanga masusu malandi mosantu Vincent. === II. Région ya Beljika === ==== 1. Leuven ==== Ndako ya Leuven ekosalaka mosala mwa "procure" mpo ya Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ : Bosombi mpe botindi biloko mpo ya ba Lazariste bazali o Kongo. Ndako ya boyambi ba Lazaristes baye bayei kopemisa nzoto (bazali na congé) to mpe baye bazali kobela. Ndako ya bopemi mpo ya bandeko baye bakomi mibange to baye bazali kobela. Ba Lazariste baye bavandi o ndako ya Leuven bazali mpe kosala misala na lopitalo (lokola aumônier to lokola volontaire), bakotalaka batu baye bazali na mikakatano, bakosanganaka na mangomba ya losambo (groupes de prière) mpe bakosalisaka ba Filles de la Charité baye bakolobaka flamand. ==== 2. Lessines ==== Ndako-Nzambe ya Lessines esalemi na bokundoli bomilakisi bwa Ngondo Mosantu Maria na rue du Bac (Paris). Mokolo mwa yambo mwa poso inso, lisanga Association de la Médaille Miraculeuse likosambelaka losambo la novena (na 20h ). Tokoyambaka mpe bakristu balingi koleka o sanctuaire (ba pèlerin), ezala moto moko moko to mpe lisanga. Poso nyonso ya nsuka ya sanza ya mitano, tosalaka losambo lonene la novena o bokambemi bwa nganga-Nzambe moko auti epai esusu mpo ya kolendisa bana ba Mama Maria. Bokutani bona bwa losambo bokosangisaka bandeko banso ba Belgique baye bamesani koya epai ya Mama. Lokasa to revue mensuelle moko (2000 exemplaires) lozali kosangisa bayebani ba biso banso. Ndako-Nzambe ya biso esalaka mpe misala minso mikosalemaka o paroisse. Moko wa ba nganga-Nzambe ba sanctuaire azali na kati ya baye bakoteyaka o ba paroisse ya doyenné ya Lessines. ==== 3. Liège ==== Maison "ad instar domus" Ba Lazariste ba Liège bavandi esika yoko te, kasi bazali motema moko na mosala : Na bosalisi banyango ba Filles de la Charité, mangomba ma bilenge mpe na boteyi bakristu na ba ndako. Na bosalisi baye bayei lipaya na Belgique (immigrés) na mpe baye bakimi bitumba na mobulu o mboka ya bango (réfugiés). Tozali kosalisa bango na biloko, kobunda mpo ya makoki mpe bomoto ya bango. 6479 2005-10-13T15:24:12Z Bombo 12 img [[Image:StVdP.jpg|thumb|Santu Vincent wa Paul]] '''Congrégation de la Mission (Lazariste)''' ebandi o mobu 1625 o mboka [[Paris]]. Kasi ut'o ebandela, mosala mwa lingomba lina moyebanaki mpe o bikolo bisusu. Lingomba ya Mission lisangisi ba nganga-Nzambe na mpe ba mofulele. Bango batangemi ba ''Religieux'' te, ata ko bakosalaka bilako. Likanisi ya Mosantu [[Vincent wa Paul]] lizalaki 'te akoka kobongisa lingomba lyoko na ntina ya kozala mpe kosala mosala lisanga na bato banso ba mokili. Engebene na mibeko mya Eklezya, bakotanga lyango "société de vie apostolique". == Ntina ya lingomba == Lingomba lya Mission lizali kosangela nsango elamu na babola, na nguya ya elimo ya [[Kristu]]. Mosala mokotinda ba Lazariste bazala na bizaleli biye : * Kolinga kosala liboso mpenza kati ya babola : bosangeli Nsango Elamu na babola, yango nde elembo'te bokonzi bwa likolo bokomi penepene (cf. Mt 11,5) ; * Kozala mpe na bokebi na makambo ma mokili, mingi mpenza koluka koyeba ntina ya bokeseni mpe bozangi bosembo o bokaboli nkita na kati ya mokili. wana nde kosala mosala mwa profeta o bosangeli Nsango Elamu; * Koyeba kokabola na babola mpasi ya bango, na ntina 'te bobele biso toteya bango te, kasi bango mpe basangela biso Nsango Elamu. * Kozala banso lisanga mpo ya kokolisa bolingani mpe bosalisani o kati ya lingomba. * Kozala na esengo soki lingomba lisengi biso tokende bipai binso na mokili, lokola ba missionnaire ba yambo ba lingomba bapesi biso ndakisa. * Moko moko mpe biso banso lisanga tokoluka ntango inso kobongola motema, lokola Santu Polo akoloba na biso : "bolanda ezalela ya bato ba nse eye te, kasi bokoma bato ba mayele ma sika." (Rm 12,2) (Constitution art.12). == Lingomba lizali kosala mosala wapi? == Lingomba ya Mission likabwani na ba 45 Provinces ntuku inei na itano, na 3 Vice-provinces isato. O molongo mobimba, lingomba lizali kosala na bikolo ntuku mwambi,bikabwani o bituka to continent inso: [[Afrika]], [[Amerika]], [[Autralie]], [[Asia]] (kin'o [[Chine]]) mpe [[Eropa]]. == Tozali boni o kati ya lingomba? == O mobu 1998, lingomba ya Mission lizalaki na ba membre 4193. O kati ya bango. Baepiskopo bazali 29 Banganga-Nzambe 3191 Ba mofulele 203 Ba diakono na bai-likindo basali séminaire interne 770 O mibu miye, motango mwa baye bazali kokota na lingomba o bikolo bya Europa mozali moke mpenza. Kasi o bikolo bya Afrika na Amerika ya nse, motango mona mokoli mingi mpenza. == Misala mya lingomba ut'o kala == Engebene na mibeko mya lingomba, * Uto ebandela, lingomba ya Mission lizali koteya ba mission populaire na ba paroisse. * Lingomba lizali mpe kosangela o bikolo biye biyoki naino Nsango Elamu te (mission "ad gentes"). Ezala o bikolo biyebanaka lokola bikolo bya bopalanginyi eyamba to " pays de Mission " (Afrika, Asia, Australie), ezala mpe sik'oyo na Albania, mpe bikolo Ukraina, Siberia, Lituania, Tanzania, Bisanga Salomom, Cuba, Taiwan, Mozambique na mpe bisusu. * O bikolo biyike, ba Lazariste bazali kokoba mosala mwa bobokoli bilenge o nzela ya bonganga na makindo (ba Séminaire), mingi mpenza bikolo bizangi ba nganga-Nzambe ba bangomei (clergé autochtone). * Basango bazali kosalisa ba Filles de charités na nzela ya molimo, mpe mangomba masusu ya ba laic mabandisami na mosantu Vincent (lokola AIC) to mazali kolanda nzela eye alakisaki o kati ya Eklezya mpe mokili (Société de Saint-Vincent de Paul, Association de la Médaille miraculeuse, Jeunesse Mariale Vincentienne...). * O bikolo bisusu, biteyelo bizali apostolat enene, banda biye bya yambo kin'o biye bya likolo (universités) (Philippines, USA ). == Mioko misala mya sika == Ba Lazariste basusu bazali kosala elongo na batu bavandi pene na bikunde binene bya bosoto na bingumba (lokola na Payatas, Philippines). Basusu bazali kosalisa bilenge biye batukoli nzotu na bomeli makaya makasi (ba drogué), bato bakobela sida (na Europa), bato bakufa matoi (o Irlande), bitumbe, bana bazali kokola o ba balabala (ba shegué) mpe batu bazangi ndako. Ba Lazariste basusu bazali kosala mpo ya botomboli bomoi na mayele ma batu baye bazali naino na bizaleli bya kala (indigènes), to ya baye bakovandaka esika yoko te (ba Tzigane). O [[Brésil]], ba Lazariste bakosala mpe apostolat pene na batambwisi mituka minene (ba camioneur), baye bakozalaka ntango inso se na nzela. Basusu bazali kosalisa bato bakimi bitumba to kwokoso isusu, (réfugiés), to baye bazangi minkanda ya leta (sans papiers) mpe koteya bilenge bazangi misala. (o Mputu) Bakosala mpe mpo ya bokolisi masanga make ma bakristu to Communautés Ecclésiales de Base, na mpe mpo ya ba laïc baye bakokamba masanga mana. Basusu bakoluka kokolisa lolenge la mosala mosantu Vincent alakisaki o ntei ya biteyelo mpe ya ba université. Basusu bakomipesa o masanga ma bomanyoli bomoi bwa bamibonza, bobokoli bana na bilenge, ntina ya boboyi koyamba (athéisme), nzela ya bopesi mpe bozwi nsango, pastorale ya mabota na mpe masalisi ndenge na ndenge matali ezaleli mpe bomoto. Tokokuta mpe ba Lazariste basusu bakopesa mateya o biteyelo bya bokolisi boyambi mpe bomoto, ezala biye bya ba diocèse, ezala biye bya lingomba lya Mission to mpe biye bya mangomba masusu. == SIEV mpe CIF == Mpo ya bokolisi mposa ya boyekoli bomoi, misala mya mosantu Vincent mpe elimo atikeli biso, lisanga lyoko likelami na nkombo "Secrétariat International d'Etudes Vincentiennes" (SIEV). SIEV ezali kolengele sanza yoko ya mateya (mois vincentien) na Paris mpo ya ba Lazariste (babandi mpe kondima mangomba masusu maye makolandaka ndakisa ya mosantu Vincent). Kaka o mboka Paris, babandisi "Centre International de Formation Saint-Vincent" (CIF). Ezali kopesa mateya ma recyclage mpo ya ba Lazariste bazali na mibu 35 kin'o 50. == Provincce ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Beljika == O ekolo [[Beljika]], ndako ya liboso ya lingomba lya Mission efungwamaki na [[Liège]] na 1902. Ndako ya yambo ya lingomba o Kɔ́ngɔ efungwami na [[Bikoro]] (Mbandaka) na 1926. Na 1929 bafungoli ndako ya [[Leuven]] mpe 1952 eye ya [[Lessines]]. O mobu 1947, ndako inso isangani o Province ya Beljika mpe ''Congo Belge'' ekomi "mission" ya Province ena. O mobu 1991, na botalaka 'te ba Lazariste bazali lisusu mingi te o Beljika mpe awa motango mwa bango mokomi kokola o ekolo [[Kongo|Kɔ́ngɔ]], Bakonzi ba lingomba bazwi mokano mwa bokomisi Kongo Province mpe bobongoli Beljika bo Etuka to Région autonome o kati ya Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ. Ezali na ndimbola enene 'te o bobange bwa ye, province-mama ekoka kokoma o maboko ma mwana oyo ye akolisi na motema monso. === I. Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ === Province ya Kongo ebandisami na ba Lazariste ya Beljika. Sango [[Félix Dekempeneer]], mobandisi wa mission ya Bikoro, akomi o Kongo o mobu 1925, mpo ya kolengele boyei bwa ba nyango ba ''Filles de la Charité''. Mpe wana bamopesi mosala mwa bosangeli Nsango Elamu o etuka ya Bikoro. O ntango ena, mission ya Bikoro ezalaki na batu soko nkoto ntuku ibale, mpe mbele bakristu bobele nkoto yoko na ndambo to nkoto ibale. O mobu 1959, mission ya Bikoro ekomi Diocesi mpe Mgr [[Camille Vandekerkove]], lazariste, akomaki [[Episkopo]] wa yambo ya Diocesi ena. Basango Lazaristes babandisi ba [[paroisse]] iye: Bikoro St. Vincent wa Paul (1926), [[Irebu]] Notre Dame du Chenal (1928), [[Lukolela]] Sacré-Coeur (1933), [[Bokongo]] Sainte Famille (1936), [[Yumbi]] Christ-Roi (1938), [[Bolobo Notre Dame (1946), [[Itipo]] Saint Joseph (1948), [[Iboko]] Notre Dame de la Médaille Miraculeuse (1956), [[Mooto]] Saint Emille (1962), mpe [[Momboyo]] Martyrs d'ouganda (1963). Ut'o mobu 1975, nsima ya liwa lya Mgr Camille, diocesi ya Bikoro esangani na eye ya [[Mbandaka]]. Nkombo ya diocèse ekomi Archidiocèse de Mbandaka-Bikoro. Liboso o bokambemi bwa Mgr [[Pierre Wijnants]], wa lingomba lya ba Missionnaire du Sacré-Coeur, na nsima o bokambemi bwa Mgr [[Frédéric Etsou]], oyo akomi lelo Cardinal mpe Episkopo wa lokumu wa [[Kinshasa]]. Lelo, Archidiocèse ya Mbandaka-Bikoro ezali o maboko ma Mgr [[Joseph Nkumuondala]]. O mobu 1982, ba Lazaristes bakamati paroisse Notre Dame du Congo na Mbandaka. Nsima bazwaki mpe Paroisse St. Paul Apôtre (1992-1998) na Mbandaka. Bobele o engumba ya Mbandaka, bafungoli ndako "Félix Dekempeneer", eye ekoyangela [[Cité Elikya]] mpo ya kobokolo mpe kosalisa bana to bilenge baye bazangi mosala (1998). Na Kinshasa ba Lazariste bazali kosala o paroisse St Adrien ya Ngaba ut'o mobu 1986. Bobele na Kinshasa, bafungoli ndako ya boyambi basango bazali na lipaya na [[Limete]] (1991). Bazwi mpe mosala mwa bokambi bato ba mpasi na lopitalo St. Joseph. Awa babandi kozwa bana mboka baye balingi kolanda nzela ya mosantu Vincent awa na mboka Kongo, bafungoli ndako ya boyekoli ibale : O mobu 1981, Séminaire Interne (noviciat) "Source de vie" na [[Bokongo]], eye eleki na Itipo ut'o 1994. Na mobu 1985, bafungoli likindo linene to Scolasticat Saint Vincent de Paul, na [[Kimwenza]] (Kinshasa) mpo ya baye bakoyekolaka philosophie mpe théologie. Na moi mwa lelo, Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ ezali na ba missionnaire 34 (ba nganga-Nzambe 32, diakono moko mpe mofulele moko) na bilenge ba likindo 27. Mpo etali bikolo bya bango, ba missionnaire bakabwani boye : 21 bazali ba congolais, 9 polonais, 2 belges, 1 hollandais mpe 1 italien. Ba lazariste congolais babale bazali missionnaire na Algérie mpe na Cameroun. Mosusu asengeli kokenda bo Directeur ya Séminaire interne na [[Kamerun]]. Lazariste polonais moko wa province ya Congo azali kosala mosala na Beljika. Ba Lazariste basusu banei bauti o province ya Kɔ́ngɔ bazali sika kosala o ekolo [[Chine]] (1 hollandais) mpe na [[Haïti]] (2 polonais), mpe na [[Gresi]] (1 polonais). ==== Misala mya ba Lazariste o Kɔ́ngɔ ==== O Archidiocese ya Mbandaka-Bikoro, basango ba Lazariste bazali kokamba ba paroisse mwambi (8). Mosala mwa bango motali mingi mpenza: * Bokolisi bakristu o nzela ya boyambi, o kati ya masanga make to Communauté Ecclésiale de Base (CEB), engebene na mwango mwa Eklezya ya Kɔ́ngɔ. * Bopesi mateya na bakatekisi to na ba laïc basusu baponami mpo ya kokamba masanga ma bakristu o mboka. Mateya mango makopesama mpo ya mobu moko na "Centre de Formation chrétienne de Bikoro". Epai esusu, "Centre d'Animation Missionnaire" ezali koteya ba mission populaire mpe kolengele ba laïc mpe bakambi ba mangomba ma apostolat. * Misala mya botomboli bomoto mpe mboka; bolendisi o misala mya bilanga; botongi biteyelo mpe Ndako-Nzambe o mboka na mpe misala misusu ndenge na ndenge miye mitali bolamu bwa bato Bo bana ba Santu Vincent, ba Lazariste bazali kotiya motema mpe na boluki nzela kani bakoki kosalisa bilenge bazangi mosala (Cité Elikya na Mbandaka) na mpe bato ba mpasi (Lopitalo St. Joseph na Kinshasa). Lokola bazali o libota linene lya Santu Vincent, ba Lazariste bazali kosala manso mpo ya bokolisi bomoko o kati ya bango na mangomba masusu maye mazali kolanda ndakisa ya Santu Vincent (ndakisa : Filles de la Charité, Religieux de St. Vincent de Paul na basusu bayike). Bayangeli ba mangomba mana manso bakokutanaka mbala na mbala na Kinshasa mpo ya mateya mpe bisambo. Mosala mwa bango o kati ya ba Laïc baye bazali kolanda mpe ndakisa ya Santu Vincent mozali komonana mingi mpenza na nzela ya lingomba to "Association de la Médaille Miraculeuse", eye euti kobanda awa na Congo, na nzela ya Société de Saint Vincent de Paul, Jeunesse Mariale Vincentienne, na mpe masanga masusu malandi mosantu Vincent. === II. Région ya Beljika === ==== 1. Leuven ==== Ndako ya Leuven ekosalaka mosala mwa "procure" mpo ya Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ : Bosombi mpe botindi biloko mpo ya ba Lazariste bazali o Kongo. Ndako ya boyambi ba Lazaristes baye bayei kopemisa nzoto (bazali na congé) to mpe baye bazali kobela. Ndako ya bopemi mpo ya bandeko baye bakomi mibange to baye bazali kobela. Ba Lazariste baye bavandi o ndako ya Leuven bazali mpe kosala misala na lopitalo (lokola aumônier to lokola volontaire), bakotalaka batu baye bazali na mikakatano, bakosanganaka na mangomba ya losambo (groupes de prière) mpe bakosalisaka ba Filles de la Charité baye bakolobaka flamand. ==== 2. Lessines ==== Ndako-Nzambe ya Lessines esalemi na bokundoli bomilakisi bwa Ngondo Mosantu Maria na rue du Bac (Paris). Mokolo mwa yambo mwa poso inso, lisanga Association de la Médaille Miraculeuse likosambelaka losambo la novena (na 20h ). Tokoyambaka mpe bakristu balingi koleka o sanctuaire (ba pèlerin), ezala moto moko moko to mpe lisanga. Poso nyonso ya nsuka ya sanza ya mitano, tosalaka losambo lonene la novena o bokambemi bwa nganga-Nzambe moko auti epai esusu mpo ya kolendisa bana ba Mama Maria. Bokutani bona bwa losambo bokosangisaka bandeko banso ba Belgique baye bamesani koya epai ya Mama. Lokasa to revue mensuelle moko (2000 exemplaires) lozali kosangisa bayebani ba biso banso. Ndako-Nzambe ya biso esalaka mpe misala minso mikosalemaka o paroisse. Moko wa ba nganga-Nzambe ba sanctuaire azali na kati ya baye bakoteyaka o ba paroisse ya doyenné ya Lessines. ==== 3. Liège ==== Maison "ad instar domus" Ba Lazariste ba Liège bavandi esika yoko te, kasi bazali motema moko na mosala : Na bosalisi banyango ba Filles de la Charité, mangomba ma bilenge mpe na boteyi bakristu na ba ndako. Na bosalisi baye bayei lipaya na Belgique (immigrés) na mpe baye bakimi bitumba na mobulu o mboka ya bango (réfugiés). Tozali kosalisa bango na biloko, kobunda mpo ya makoki mpe bomoto ya bango. 6483 2005-10-13T16:49:27Z Bombo 12 /* Misala mya lingomba ut'o kala */ link [[Image:StVdP.jpg|thumb|Santu Vincent wa Paul]] '''Congrégation de la Mission (Lazariste)''' ebandi o mobu 1625 o mboka [[Paris]]. Kasi ut'o ebandela, mosala mwa lingomba lina moyebanaki mpe o bikolo bisusu. Lingomba ya Mission lisangisi ba nganga-Nzambe na mpe ba mofulele. Bango batangemi ba ''Religieux'' te, ata ko bakosalaka bilako. Likanisi ya Mosantu [[Vincent wa Paul]] lizalaki 'te akoka kobongisa lingomba lyoko na ntina ya kozala mpe kosala mosala lisanga na bato banso ba mokili. Engebene na mibeko mya Eklezya, bakotanga lyango "société de vie apostolique". == Ntina ya lingomba == Lingomba lya Mission lizali kosangela nsango elamu na babola, na nguya ya elimo ya [[Kristu]]. Mosala mokotinda ba Lazariste bazala na bizaleli biye : * Kolinga kosala liboso mpenza kati ya babola : bosangeli Nsango Elamu na babola, yango nde elembo'te bokonzi bwa likolo bokomi penepene (cf. Mt 11,5) ; * Kozala mpe na bokebi na makambo ma mokili, mingi mpenza koluka koyeba ntina ya bokeseni mpe bozangi bosembo o bokaboli nkita na kati ya mokili. wana nde kosala mosala mwa profeta o bosangeli Nsango Elamu; * Koyeba kokabola na babola mpasi ya bango, na ntina 'te bobele biso toteya bango te, kasi bango mpe basangela biso Nsango Elamu. * Kozala banso lisanga mpo ya kokolisa bolingani mpe bosalisani o kati ya lingomba. * Kozala na esengo soki lingomba lisengi biso tokende bipai binso na mokili, lokola ba missionnaire ba yambo ba lingomba bapesi biso ndakisa. * Moko moko mpe biso banso lisanga tokoluka ntango inso kobongola motema, lokola Santu Polo akoloba na biso : "bolanda ezalela ya bato ba nse eye te, kasi bokoma bato ba mayele ma sika." (Rm 12,2) (Constitution art.12). == Lingomba lizali kosala mosala wapi? == Lingomba ya Mission likabwani na ba 45 Provinces ntuku inei na itano, na 3 Vice-provinces isato. O molongo mobimba, lingomba lizali kosala na bikolo ntuku mwambi,bikabwani o bituka to continent inso: [[Afrika]], [[Amerika]], [[Autralie]], [[Asia]] (kin'o [[Chine]]) mpe [[Eropa]]. == Tozali boni o kati ya lingomba? == O mobu 1998, lingomba ya Mission lizalaki na ba membre 4193. O kati ya bango. Baepiskopo bazali 29 Banganga-Nzambe 3191 Ba mofulele 203 Ba diakono na bai-likindo basali séminaire interne 770 O mibu miye, motango mwa baye bazali kokota na lingomba o bikolo bya Europa mozali moke mpenza. Kasi o bikolo bya Afrika na Amerika ya nse, motango mona mokoli mingi mpenza. == Misala mya lingomba ut'o kala == Engebene na mibeko mya lingomba, * Uto ebandela, lingomba ya Mission lizali koteya ba mission populaire na ba paroisse. * Lingomba lizali mpe kosangela o bikolo biye biyoki naino Nsango Elamu te (mission "ad gentes"). Ezala o bikolo biyebanaka lokola bikolo bya bopalanginyi eyamba to " pays de Mission " (Afrika, Asia, Australie), ezala mpe sik'oyo na [[Albania]], mpe bikolo [[Ukraina]], [[Siberia]], [[Lituania]], [[Tanzania]], [[Bisanga Salomom]], [[Cuba]], [[Taiwan]], [[Mozambique]] na mpe bisusu. * O bikolo biyike, ba Lazariste bazali kokoba mosala mwa bobokoli bilenge o nzela ya bonganga na makindo (ba Séminaire), mingi mpenza bikolo bizangi ba nganga-Nzambe ba bangomei (clergé autochtone). * Basango bazali kosalisa ba Filles de charités na nzela ya molimo, mpe mangomba masusu ya ba laic mabandisami na mosantu Vincent (lokola AIC) to mazali kolanda nzela eye alakisaki o kati ya Eklezya mpe mokili (Société de Saint-Vincent de Paul, Association de la Médaille miraculeuse, Jeunesse Mariale Vincentienne...). * O bikolo bisusu, biteyelo bizali apostolat enene, banda biye bya yambo kin'o biye bya likolo (universités) ([[Philippines]], [[USA]] ). == Mioko misala mya sika == Ba Lazariste basusu bazali kosala elongo na batu bavandi pene na bikunde binene bya bosoto na bingumba (lokola na Payatas, Philippines). Basusu bazali kosalisa bilenge biye batukoli nzotu na bomeli makaya makasi (ba drogué), bato bakobela sida (na Europa), bato bakufa matoi (o Irlande), bitumbe, bana bazali kokola o ba balabala (ba shegué) mpe batu bazangi ndako. Ba Lazariste basusu bazali kosala mpo ya botomboli bomoi na mayele ma batu baye bazali naino na bizaleli bya kala (indigènes), to ya baye bakovandaka esika yoko te (ba Tzigane). O [[Brésil]], ba Lazariste bakosala mpe apostolat pene na batambwisi mituka minene (ba camioneur), baye bakozalaka ntango inso se na nzela. Basusu bazali kosalisa bato bakimi bitumba to kwokoso isusu, (réfugiés), to baye bazangi minkanda ya leta (sans papiers) mpe koteya bilenge bazangi misala. (o Mputu) Bakosala mpe mpo ya bokolisi masanga make ma bakristu to Communautés Ecclésiales de Base, na mpe mpo ya ba laïc baye bakokamba masanga mana. Basusu bakoluka kokolisa lolenge la mosala mosantu Vincent alakisaki o ntei ya biteyelo mpe ya ba université. Basusu bakomipesa o masanga ma bomanyoli bomoi bwa bamibonza, bobokoli bana na bilenge, ntina ya boboyi koyamba (athéisme), nzela ya bopesi mpe bozwi nsango, pastorale ya mabota na mpe masalisi ndenge na ndenge matali ezaleli mpe bomoto. Tokokuta mpe ba Lazariste basusu bakopesa mateya o biteyelo bya bokolisi boyambi mpe bomoto, ezala biye bya ba diocèse, ezala biye bya lingomba lya Mission to mpe biye bya mangomba masusu. == SIEV mpe CIF == Mpo ya bokolisi mposa ya boyekoli bomoi, misala mya mosantu Vincent mpe elimo atikeli biso, lisanga lyoko likelami na nkombo "Secrétariat International d'Etudes Vincentiennes" (SIEV). SIEV ezali kolengele sanza yoko ya mateya (mois vincentien) na Paris mpo ya ba Lazariste (babandi mpe kondima mangomba masusu maye makolandaka ndakisa ya mosantu Vincent). Kaka o mboka Paris, babandisi "Centre International de Formation Saint-Vincent" (CIF). Ezali kopesa mateya ma recyclage mpo ya ba Lazariste bazali na mibu 35 kin'o 50. == Provincce ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Beljika == O ekolo [[Beljika]], ndako ya liboso ya lingomba lya Mission efungwamaki na [[Liège]] na 1902. Ndako ya yambo ya lingomba o Kɔ́ngɔ efungwami na [[Bikoro]] (Mbandaka) na 1926. Na 1929 bafungoli ndako ya [[Leuven]] mpe 1952 eye ya [[Lessines]]. O mobu 1947, ndako inso isangani o Province ya Beljika mpe ''Congo Belge'' ekomi "mission" ya Province ena. O mobu 1991, na botalaka 'te ba Lazariste bazali lisusu mingi te o Beljika mpe awa motango mwa bango mokomi kokola o ekolo [[Kongo|Kɔ́ngɔ]], Bakonzi ba lingomba bazwi mokano mwa bokomisi Kongo Province mpe bobongoli Beljika bo Etuka to Région autonome o kati ya Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ. Ezali na ndimbola enene 'te o bobange bwa ye, province-mama ekoka kokoma o maboko ma mwana oyo ye akolisi na motema monso. === I. Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ === Province ya Kongo ebandisami na ba Lazariste ya Beljika. Sango [[Félix Dekempeneer]], mobandisi wa mission ya Bikoro, akomi o Kongo o mobu 1925, mpo ya kolengele boyei bwa ba nyango ba ''Filles de la Charité''. Mpe wana bamopesi mosala mwa bosangeli Nsango Elamu o etuka ya Bikoro. O ntango ena, mission ya Bikoro ezalaki na batu soko nkoto ntuku ibale, mpe mbele bakristu bobele nkoto yoko na ndambo to nkoto ibale. O mobu 1959, mission ya Bikoro ekomi Diocesi mpe Mgr [[Camille Vandekerkove]], lazariste, akomaki [[Episkopo]] wa yambo ya Diocesi ena. Basango Lazaristes babandisi ba [[paroisse]] iye: Bikoro St. Vincent wa Paul (1926), [[Irebu]] Notre Dame du Chenal (1928), [[Lukolela]] Sacré-Coeur (1933), [[Bokongo]] Sainte Famille (1936), [[Yumbi]] Christ-Roi (1938), [[Bolobo Notre Dame (1946), [[Itipo]] Saint Joseph (1948), [[Iboko]] Notre Dame de la Médaille Miraculeuse (1956), [[Mooto]] Saint Emille (1962), mpe [[Momboyo]] Martyrs d'ouganda (1963). Ut'o mobu 1975, nsima ya liwa lya Mgr Camille, diocesi ya Bikoro esangani na eye ya [[Mbandaka]]. Nkombo ya diocèse ekomi Archidiocèse de Mbandaka-Bikoro. Liboso o bokambemi bwa Mgr [[Pierre Wijnants]], wa lingomba lya ba Missionnaire du Sacré-Coeur, na nsima o bokambemi bwa Mgr [[Frédéric Etsou]], oyo akomi lelo Cardinal mpe Episkopo wa lokumu wa [[Kinshasa]]. Lelo, Archidiocèse ya Mbandaka-Bikoro ezali o maboko ma Mgr [[Joseph Nkumuondala]]. O mobu 1982, ba Lazaristes bakamati paroisse Notre Dame du Congo na Mbandaka. Nsima bazwaki mpe Paroisse St. Paul Apôtre (1992-1998) na Mbandaka. Bobele o engumba ya Mbandaka, bafungoli ndako "Félix Dekempeneer", eye ekoyangela [[Cité Elikya]] mpo ya kobokolo mpe kosalisa bana to bilenge baye bazangi mosala (1998). Na Kinshasa ba Lazariste bazali kosala o paroisse St Adrien ya Ngaba ut'o mobu 1986. Bobele na Kinshasa, bafungoli ndako ya boyambi basango bazali na lipaya na [[Limete]] (1991). Bazwi mpe mosala mwa bokambi bato ba mpasi na lopitalo St. Joseph. Awa babandi kozwa bana mboka baye balingi kolanda nzela ya mosantu Vincent awa na mboka Kongo, bafungoli ndako ya boyekoli ibale : O mobu 1981, Séminaire Interne (noviciat) "Source de vie" na [[Bokongo]], eye eleki na Itipo ut'o 1994. Na mobu 1985, bafungoli likindo linene to Scolasticat Saint Vincent de Paul, na [[Kimwenza]] (Kinshasa) mpo ya baye bakoyekolaka philosophie mpe théologie. Na moi mwa lelo, Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ ezali na ba missionnaire 34 (ba nganga-Nzambe 32, diakono moko mpe mofulele moko) na bilenge ba likindo 27. Mpo etali bikolo bya bango, ba missionnaire bakabwani boye : 21 bazali ba congolais, 9 polonais, 2 belges, 1 hollandais mpe 1 italien. Ba lazariste congolais babale bazali missionnaire na Algérie mpe na Cameroun. Mosusu asengeli kokenda bo Directeur ya Séminaire interne na [[Kamerun]]. Lazariste polonais moko wa province ya Congo azali kosala mosala na Beljika. Ba Lazariste basusu banei bauti o province ya Kɔ́ngɔ bazali sika kosala o ekolo [[Chine]] (1 hollandais) mpe na [[Haïti]] (2 polonais), mpe na [[Gresi]] (1 polonais). ==== Misala mya ba Lazariste o Kɔ́ngɔ ==== O Archidiocese ya Mbandaka-Bikoro, basango ba Lazariste bazali kokamba ba paroisse mwambi (8). Mosala mwa bango motali mingi mpenza: * Bokolisi bakristu o nzela ya boyambi, o kati ya masanga make to Communauté Ecclésiale de Base (CEB), engebene na mwango mwa Eklezya ya Kɔ́ngɔ. * Bopesi mateya na bakatekisi to na ba laïc basusu baponami mpo ya kokamba masanga ma bakristu o mboka. Mateya mango makopesama mpo ya mobu moko na "Centre de Formation chrétienne de Bikoro". Epai esusu, "Centre d'Animation Missionnaire" ezali koteya ba mission populaire mpe kolengele ba laïc mpe bakambi ba mangomba ma apostolat. * Misala mya botomboli bomoto mpe mboka; bolendisi o misala mya bilanga; botongi biteyelo mpe Ndako-Nzambe o mboka na mpe misala misusu ndenge na ndenge miye mitali bolamu bwa bato Bo bana ba Santu Vincent, ba Lazariste bazali kotiya motema mpe na boluki nzela kani bakoki kosalisa bilenge bazangi mosala (Cité Elikya na Mbandaka) na mpe bato ba mpasi (Lopitalo St. Joseph na Kinshasa). Lokola bazali o libota linene lya Santu Vincent, ba Lazariste bazali kosala manso mpo ya bokolisi bomoko o kati ya bango na mangomba masusu maye mazali kolanda ndakisa ya Santu Vincent (ndakisa : Filles de la Charité, Religieux de St. Vincent de Paul na basusu bayike). Bayangeli ba mangomba mana manso bakokutanaka mbala na mbala na Kinshasa mpo ya mateya mpe bisambo. Mosala mwa bango o kati ya ba Laïc baye bazali kolanda mpe ndakisa ya Santu Vincent mozali komonana mingi mpenza na nzela ya lingomba to "Association de la Médaille Miraculeuse", eye euti kobanda awa na Congo, na nzela ya Société de Saint Vincent de Paul, Jeunesse Mariale Vincentienne, na mpe masanga masusu malandi mosantu Vincent. === II. Région ya Beljika === ==== 1. Leuven ==== Ndako ya Leuven ekosalaka mosala mwa "procure" mpo ya Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ : Bosombi mpe botindi biloko mpo ya ba Lazariste bazali o Kongo. Ndako ya boyambi ba Lazaristes baye bayei kopemisa nzoto (bazali na congé) to mpe baye bazali kobela. Ndako ya bopemi mpo ya bandeko baye bakomi mibange to baye bazali kobela. Ba Lazariste baye bavandi o ndako ya Leuven bazali mpe kosala misala na lopitalo (lokola aumônier to lokola volontaire), bakotalaka batu baye bazali na mikakatano, bakosanganaka na mangomba ya losambo (groupes de prière) mpe bakosalisaka ba Filles de la Charité baye bakolobaka flamand. ==== 2. Lessines ==== Ndako-Nzambe ya Lessines esalemi na bokundoli bomilakisi bwa Ngondo Mosantu Maria na rue du Bac (Paris). Mokolo mwa yambo mwa poso inso, lisanga Association de la Médaille Miraculeuse likosambelaka losambo la novena (na 20h ). Tokoyambaka mpe bakristu balingi koleka o sanctuaire (ba pèlerin), ezala moto moko moko to mpe lisanga. Poso nyonso ya nsuka ya sanza ya mitano, tosalaka losambo lonene la novena o bokambemi bwa nganga-Nzambe moko auti epai esusu mpo ya kolendisa bana ba Mama Maria. Bokutani bona bwa losambo bokosangisaka bandeko banso ba Belgique baye bamesani koya epai ya Mama. Lokasa to revue mensuelle moko (2000 exemplaires) lozali kosangisa bayebani ba biso banso. Ndako-Nzambe ya biso esalaka mpe misala minso mikosalemaka o paroisse. Moko wa ba nganga-Nzambe ba sanctuaire azali na kati ya baye bakoteyaka o ba paroisse ya doyenné ya Lessines. ==== 3. Liège ==== Maison "ad instar domus" Ba Lazariste ba Liège bavandi esika yoko te, kasi bazali motema moko na mosala : Na bosalisi banyango ba Filles de la Charité, mangomba ma bilenge mpe na boteyi bakristu na ba ndako. Na bosalisi baye bayei lipaya na Belgique (immigrés) na mpe baye bakimi bitumba na mobulu o mboka ya bango (réfugiés). Tozali kosalisa bango na biloko, kobunda mpo ya makoki mpe bomoto ya bango. 6535 2005-10-18T12:09:24Z 160.85.2.50 [[Image:StVdP.jpg|thumb|Santu Vincent wa Paul]] '''Congrégation de la Mission (Lazariste)''' ebandi o mobu 1625 o mboka [[Paris]]. Kasi ut'o ebandela, mosala mwa lingomba lina moyebanaki mpe o bikolo bisusu. Lingomba ya Mission lisangisi ba nganga-[[Nzambe]] na mpe ba mofulele. Bango batangemi ba ''Religieux'' te, ata ko bakosalaka bilako. Likanisi ya Mosantu [[Vincent wa Paul]] lizalaki 'te akoka kobongisa lingomba lyoko na ntina ya kozala mpe kosala mosala lisanga na bato banso ba mokili. Engebene na mibeko mya Eklezya, bakotanga lyango "société de vie apostolique". == Ntina ya lingomba == Lingomba lya Mission lizali kosangela nsango elamu na babola, na nguya ya elimo ya [[Kristu]]. Mosala mokotinda ba Lazariste bazala na bizaleli biye : * Kolinga kosala liboso mpenza kati ya babola : bosangeli Nsango Elamu na babola, yango nde elembo'te bokonzi bwa likolo bokomi penepene (cf. Mt 11,5) ; * Kozala mpe na bokebi na makambo ma mokili, mingi mpenza koluka koyeba ntina ya bokeseni mpe bozangi bosembo o bokaboli nkita na kati ya mokili. wana nde kosala mosala mwa profeta o bosangeli Nsango Elamu; * Koyeba kokabola na babola mpasi ya bango, na ntina 'te bobele biso toteya bango te, kasi bango mpe basangela biso Nsango Elamu. * Kozala banso lisanga mpo ya kokolisa bolingani mpe bosalisani o kati ya lingomba. * Kozala na esengo soki lingomba lisengi biso tokende bipai binso na mokili, lokola ba missionnaire ba yambo ba lingomba bapesi biso ndakisa. * Moko moko mpe biso banso lisanga tokoluka ntango inso kobongola motema, lokola Santu Polo akoloba na biso : "bolanda ezalela ya bato ba nse eye te, kasi bokoma bato ba mayele ma sika." (Rm 12,2) (Constitution art.12). == Lingomba lizali kosala mosala wapi? == Lingomba ya Mission likabwani na ba 45 Provinces ntuku inei na itano, na 3 Vice-provinces isato. O molongo mobimba, lingomba lizali kosala na bikolo ntuku mwambi,bikabwani o bituka to continent inso: [[Afrika]], [[Amerika]], [[Autralie]], [[Asia]] (kin'o [[Chine]]) mpe [[Eropa]]. == Tozali boni o kati ya lingomba? == O mobu 1998, lingomba ya Mission lizalaki na ba membre 4193. O kati ya bango. Baepiskopo bazali 29 Banganga-Nzambe 3191 Ba mofulele 203 Ba diakono na bai-likindo basali séminaire interne 770 O mibu miye, motango mwa baye bazali kokota na lingomba o bikolo bya Europa mozali moke mpenza. Kasi o bikolo bya Afrika na Amerika ya nse, motango mona mokoli mingi mpenza. == Misala mya lingomba ut'o kala == Engebene na mibeko mya lingomba, * Uto ebandela, lingomba ya Mission lizali koteya ba mission populaire na ba paroisse. * Lingomba lizali mpe kosangela o bikolo biye biyoki naino Nsango Elamu te (mission "ad gentes"). Ezala o bikolo biyebanaka lokola bikolo bya bopalanginyi eyamba to " pays de Mission " (Afrika, Asia, Australie), ezala mpe sik'oyo na [[Albania]], mpe bikolo [[Ukraina]], [[Siberia]], [[Lituania]], [[Tanzania]], [[Bisanga Salomom]], [[Cuba]], [[Taiwan]], [[Mozambique]] na mpe bisusu. * O bikolo biyike, ba Lazariste bazali kokoba mosala mwa bobokoli bilenge o nzela ya bonganga na makindo (ba Séminaire), mingi mpenza bikolo bizangi ba nganga-Nzambe ba bangomei (clergé autochtone). * Basango bazali kosalisa ba Filles de charités na nzela ya molimo, mpe mangomba masusu ya ba laic mabandisami na mosantu Vincent (lokola AIC) to mazali kolanda nzela eye alakisaki o kati ya Eklezya mpe mokili (Société de Saint-Vincent de Paul, Association de la Médaille miraculeuse, Jeunesse Mariale Vincentienne...). * O bikolo bisusu, biteyelo bizali apostolat enene, banda biye bya yambo kin'o biye bya likolo (universités) ([[Philippines]], [[USA]] ). == Mioko misala mya sika == Ba Lazariste basusu bazali kosala elongo na batu bavandi pene na bikunde binene bya bosoto na bingumba (lokola na Payatas, Philippines). Basusu bazali kosalisa bilenge biye batukoli nzotu na bomeli makaya makasi (ba drogué), bato bakobela sida (na Europa), bato bakufa matoi (o Irlande), bitumbe, bana bazali kokola o ba balabala (ba shegué) mpe batu bazangi ndako. Ba Lazariste basusu bazali kosala mpo ya botomboli bomoi na mayele ma batu baye bazali naino na bizaleli bya kala (indigènes), to ya baye bakovandaka esika yoko te (ba Tzigane). O [[Brésil]], ba Lazariste bakosala mpe apostolat pene na batambwisi mituka minene (ba camioneur), baye bakozalaka ntango inso se na nzela. Basusu bazali kosalisa bato bakimi bitumba to kwokoso isusu, (réfugiés), to baye bazangi minkanda ya leta (sans papiers) mpe koteya bilenge bazangi misala. (o Mputu) Bakosala mpe mpo ya bokolisi masanga make ma bakristu to Communautés Ecclésiales de Base, na mpe mpo ya ba laïc baye bakokamba masanga mana. Basusu bakoluka kokolisa lolenge la mosala mosantu Vincent alakisaki o ntei ya biteyelo mpe ya ba université. Basusu bakomipesa o masanga ma bomanyoli bomoi bwa bamibonza, bobokoli bana na bilenge, ntina ya boboyi koyamba (athéisme), nzela ya bopesi mpe bozwi nsango, pastorale ya mabota na mpe masalisi ndenge na ndenge matali ezaleli mpe bomoto. Tokokuta mpe ba Lazariste basusu bakopesa mateya o biteyelo bya bokolisi boyambi mpe bomoto, ezala biye bya ba diocèse, ezala biye bya lingomba lya Mission to mpe biye bya mangomba masusu. == SIEV mpe CIF == Mpo ya bokolisi mposa ya boyekoli bomoi, misala mya mosantu Vincent mpe elimo atikeli biso, lisanga lyoko likelami na nkombo "Secrétariat International d'Etudes Vincentiennes" (SIEV). SIEV ezali kolengele sanza yoko ya mateya (mois vincentien) na Paris mpo ya ba Lazariste (babandi mpe kondima mangomba masusu maye makolandaka ndakisa ya mosantu Vincent). Kaka o mboka Paris, babandisi "Centre International de Formation Saint-Vincent" (CIF). Ezali kopesa mateya ma recyclage mpo ya ba Lazariste bazali na mibu 35 kin'o 50. == Provincce ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Beljika == O ekolo [[Beljika]], ndako ya liboso ya lingomba lya Mission efungwamaki na [[Liège]] na 1902. Ndako ya yambo ya lingomba o Kɔ́ngɔ efungwami na [[Bikoro]] (Mbandaka) na 1926. Na 1929 bafungoli ndako ya [[Leuven]] mpe 1952 eye ya [[Lessines]]. O mobu 1947, ndako inso isangani o Province ya Beljika mpe ''Congo Belge'' ekomi "mission" ya Province ena. O mobu 1991, na botalaka 'te ba Lazariste bazali lisusu mingi te o Beljika mpe awa motango mwa bango mokomi kokola o ekolo [[Kongo|Kɔ́ngɔ]], Bakonzi ba lingomba bazwi mokano mwa bokomisi Kongo Province mpe bobongoli Beljika bo Etuka to Région autonome o kati ya Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ. Ezali na ndimbola enene 'te o bobange bwa ye, province-mama ekoka kokoma o maboko ma mwana oyo ye akolisi na motema monso. === I. Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ === Province ya Kongo ebandisami na ba Lazariste ya Beljika. Sango [[Félix Dekempeneer]], mobandisi wa mission ya Bikoro, akomi o Kongo o mobu 1925, mpo ya kolengele boyei bwa ba nyango ba ''Filles de la Charité''. Mpe wana bamopesi mosala mwa bosangeli Nsango Elamu o etuka ya Bikoro. O ntango ena, mission ya Bikoro ezalaki na batu soko nkoto ntuku ibale, mpe mbele bakristu bobele nkoto yoko na ndambo to nkoto ibale. O mobu 1959, mission ya Bikoro ekomi Diocesi mpe Mgr [[Camille Vandekerkove]], lazariste, akomaki [[Episkopo]] wa yambo ya Diocesi ena. Basango Lazaristes babandisi ba [[paroisse]] iye: Bikoro St. Vincent wa Paul (1926), [[Irebu]] Notre Dame du Chenal (1928), [[Lukolela]] Sacré-Coeur (1933), [[Bokongo]] Sainte Famille (1936), [[Yumbi]] Christ-Roi (1938), [[Bolobo Notre Dame (1946), [[Itipo]] Saint Joseph (1948), [[Iboko]] Notre Dame de la Médaille Miraculeuse (1956), [[Mooto]] Saint Emille (1962), mpe [[Momboyo]] Martyrs d'ouganda (1963). Ut'o mobu 1975, nsima ya liwa lya Mgr Camille, diocesi ya Bikoro esangani na eye ya [[Mbandaka]]. Nkombo ya diocèse ekomi Archidiocèse de Mbandaka-Bikoro. Liboso o bokambemi bwa Mgr [[Pierre Wijnants]], wa lingomba lya ba Missionnaire du Sacré-Coeur, na nsima o bokambemi bwa Mgr [[Frédéric Etsou]], oyo akomi lelo Cardinal mpe Episkopo wa lokumu wa [[Kinshasa]]. Lelo, Archidiocèse ya Mbandaka-Bikoro ezali o maboko ma Mgr [[Joseph Nkumuondala]]. O mobu 1982, ba Lazaristes bakamati paroisse Notre Dame du Congo na Mbandaka. Nsima bazwaki mpe Paroisse St. Paul Apôtre (1992-1998) na Mbandaka. Bobele o engumba ya Mbandaka, bafungoli ndako "Félix Dekempeneer", eye ekoyangela [[Cité Elikya]] mpo ya kobokolo mpe kosalisa bana to bilenge baye bazangi mosala (1998). Na Kinshasa ba Lazariste bazali kosala o paroisse St Adrien ya Ngaba ut'o mobu 1986. Bobele na Kinshasa, bafungoli ndako ya boyambi basango bazali na lipaya na [[Limete]] (1991). Bazwi mpe mosala mwa bokambi bato ba mpasi na lopitalo St. Joseph. Awa babandi kozwa bana mboka baye balingi kolanda nzela ya mosantu Vincent awa na mboka Kongo, bafungoli ndako ya boyekoli ibale : O mobu 1981, Séminaire Interne (noviciat) "Source de vie" na [[Bokongo]], eye eleki na Itipo ut'o 1994. Na mobu 1985, bafungoli likindo linene to Scolasticat Saint Vincent de Paul, na [[Kimwenza]] (Kinshasa) mpo ya baye bakoyekolaka philosophie mpe théologie. Na moi mwa lelo, Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ ezali na ba missionnaire 34 (ba nganga-Nzambe 32, diakono moko mpe mofulele moko) na bilenge ba likindo 27. Mpo etali bikolo bya bango, ba missionnaire bakabwani boye : 21 bazali ba congolais, 9 polonais, 2 belges, 1 hollandais mpe 1 italien. Ba lazariste congolais babale bazali missionnaire na Algérie mpe na Cameroun. Mosusu asengeli kokenda bo Directeur ya Séminaire interne na [[Kamerun]]. Lazariste polonais moko wa province ya Congo azali kosala mosala na Beljika. Ba Lazariste basusu banei bauti o province ya Kɔ́ngɔ bazali sika kosala o ekolo [[Chine]] (1 hollandais) mpe na [[Haïti]] (2 polonais), mpe na [[Gresi]] (1 polonais). ==== Misala mya ba Lazariste o Kɔ́ngɔ ==== O Archidiocese ya Mbandaka-Bikoro, basango ba Lazariste bazali kokamba ba paroisse mwambi (8). Mosala mwa bango motali mingi mpenza: * Bokolisi bakristu o nzela ya boyambi, o kati ya masanga make to Communauté Ecclésiale de Base (CEB), engebene na mwango mwa Eklezya ya Kɔ́ngɔ. * Bopesi mateya na bakatekisi to na ba laïc basusu baponami mpo ya kokamba masanga ma bakristu o mboka. Mateya mango makopesama mpo ya mobu moko na "Centre de Formation chrétienne de Bikoro". Epai esusu, "Centre d'Animation Missionnaire" ezali koteya ba mission populaire mpe kolengele ba laïc mpe bakambi ba mangomba ma apostolat. * Misala mya botomboli bomoto mpe mboka; bolendisi o misala mya bilanga; botongi biteyelo mpe Ndako-Nzambe o mboka na mpe misala misusu ndenge na ndenge miye mitali bolamu bwa bato Bo bana ba Santu Vincent, ba Lazariste bazali kotiya motema mpe na boluki nzela kani bakoki kosalisa bilenge bazangi mosala (Cité Elikya na Mbandaka) na mpe bato ba mpasi (Lopitalo St. Joseph na Kinshasa). Lokola bazali o libota linene lya Santu Vincent, ba Lazariste bazali kosala manso mpo ya bokolisi bomoko o kati ya bango na mangomba masusu maye mazali kolanda ndakisa ya Santu Vincent (ndakisa : Filles de la Charité, Religieux de St. Vincent de Paul na basusu bayike). Bayangeli ba mangomba mana manso bakokutanaka mbala na mbala na Kinshasa mpo ya mateya mpe bisambo. Mosala mwa bango o kati ya ba Laïc baye bazali kolanda mpe ndakisa ya Santu Vincent mozali komonana mingi mpenza na nzela ya lingomba to "Association de la Médaille Miraculeuse", eye euti kobanda awa na Congo, na nzela ya Société de Saint Vincent de Paul, Jeunesse Mariale Vincentienne, na mpe masanga masusu malandi mosantu Vincent. === II. Région ya Beljika === ==== 1. Leuven ==== Ndako ya Leuven ekosalaka mosala mwa "procure" mpo ya Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ : Bosombi mpe botindi biloko mpo ya ba Lazariste bazali o Kongo. Ndako ya boyambi ba Lazaristes baye bayei kopemisa nzoto (bazali na congé) to mpe baye bazali kobela. Ndako ya bopemi mpo ya bandeko baye bakomi mibange to baye bazali kobela. Ba Lazariste baye bavandi o ndako ya Leuven bazali mpe kosala misala na lopitalo (lokola aumônier to lokola volontaire), bakotalaka batu baye bazali na mikakatano, bakosanganaka na mangomba ya losambo (groupes de prière) mpe bakosalisaka ba Filles de la Charité baye bakolobaka flamand. ==== 2. Lessines ==== Ndako-Nzambe ya Lessines esalemi na bokundoli bomilakisi bwa Ngondo Mosantu Maria na rue du Bac (Paris). Mokolo mwa yambo mwa poso inso, lisanga Association de la Médaille Miraculeuse likosambelaka losambo la novena (na 20h ). Tokoyambaka mpe bakristu balingi koleka o sanctuaire (ba pèlerin), ezala moto moko moko to mpe lisanga. Poso nyonso ya nsuka ya sanza ya mitano, tosalaka losambo lonene la novena o bokambemi bwa nganga-Nzambe moko auti epai esusu mpo ya kolendisa bana ba Mama Maria. Bokutani bona bwa losambo bokosangisaka bandeko banso ba Belgique baye bamesani koya epai ya Mama. Lokasa to revue mensuelle moko (2000 exemplaires) lozali kosangisa bayebani ba biso banso. Ndako-Nzambe ya biso esalaka mpe misala minso mikosalemaka o paroisse. Moko wa ba nganga-Nzambe ba sanctuaire azali na kati ya baye bakoteyaka o ba paroisse ya doyenné ya Lessines. ==== 3. Liège ==== Maison "ad instar domus" Ba Lazariste ba Liège bavandi esika yoko te, kasi bazali motema moko na mosala : Na bosalisi banyango ba Filles de la Charité, mangomba ma bilenge mpe na boteyi bakristu na ba ndako. Na bosalisi baye bayei lipaya na Belgique (immigrés) na mpe baye bakimi bitumba na mobulu o mboka ya bango (réfugiés). Tozali kosalisa bango na biloko, kobunda mpo ya makoki mpe bomoto ya bango. 6552 2005-10-18T12:53:28Z Bombo 12 cat [[Image:StVdP.jpg|thumb|Santu Vincent wa Paul]] '''Congrégation de la Mission (Lazariste)''' ebandi o mobu 1625 o mboka [[Paris]]. Kasi ut'o ebandela, mosala mwa lingomba lina moyebanaki mpe o bikolo bisusu. Lingomba ya Mission lisangisi ba nganga-[[Nzambe]] na mpe ba mofulele. Bango batangemi ba ''Religieux'' te, ata ko bakosalaka bilako. Likanisi ya Mosantu [[Vincent wa Paul]] lizalaki 'te akoka kobongisa lingomba lyoko na ntina ya kozala mpe kosala mosala lisanga na bato banso ba mokili. Engebene na mibeko mya Eklezya, bakotanga lyango "société de vie apostolique". == Ntina ya lingomba == Lingomba lya Mission lizali kosangela nsango elamu na babola, na nguya ya elimo ya [[Kristu]]. Mosala mokotinda ba Lazariste bazala na bizaleli biye : * Kolinga kosala liboso mpenza kati ya babola : bosangeli Nsango Elamu na babola, yango nde elembo'te bokonzi bwa likolo bokomi penepene (cf. Mt 11,5) ; * Kozala mpe na bokebi na makambo ma mokili, mingi mpenza koluka koyeba ntina ya bokeseni mpe bozangi bosembo o bokaboli nkita na kati ya mokili. wana nde kosala mosala mwa profeta o bosangeli Nsango Elamu; * Koyeba kokabola na babola mpasi ya bango, na ntina 'te bobele biso toteya bango te, kasi bango mpe basangela biso Nsango Elamu. * Kozala banso lisanga mpo ya kokolisa bolingani mpe bosalisani o kati ya lingomba. * Kozala na esengo soki lingomba lisengi biso tokende bipai binso na mokili, lokola ba missionnaire ba yambo ba lingomba bapesi biso ndakisa. * Moko moko mpe biso banso lisanga tokoluka ntango inso kobongola motema, lokola Santu Polo akoloba na biso : "bolanda ezalela ya bato ba nse eye te, kasi bokoma bato ba mayele ma sika." (Rm 12,2) (Constitution art.12). == Lingomba lizali kosala mosala wapi? == Lingomba ya Mission likabwani na ba 45 Provinces ntuku inei na itano, na 3 Vice-provinces isato. O molongo mobimba, lingomba lizali kosala na bikolo ntuku mwambi,bikabwani o bituka to continent inso: [[Afrika]], [[Amerika]], [[Autralie]], [[Asia]] (kin'o [[Chine]]) mpe [[Eropa]]. == Tozali boni o kati ya lingomba? == O mobu 1998, lingomba ya Mission lizalaki na ba membre 4193. O kati ya bango. Baepiskopo bazali 29 Banganga-Nzambe 3191 Ba mofulele 203 Ba diakono na bai-likindo basali séminaire interne 770 O mibu miye, motango mwa baye bazali kokota na lingomba o bikolo bya Europa mozali moke mpenza. Kasi o bikolo bya Afrika na Amerika ya nse, motango mona mokoli mingi mpenza. == Misala mya lingomba ut'o kala == Engebene na mibeko mya lingomba, * Uto ebandela, lingomba ya Mission lizali koteya ba mission populaire na ba paroisse. * Lingomba lizali mpe kosangela o bikolo biye biyoki naino Nsango Elamu te (mission "ad gentes"). Ezala o bikolo biyebanaka lokola bikolo bya bopalanginyi eyamba to " pays de Mission " (Afrika, Asia, Australie), ezala mpe sik'oyo na [[Albania]], mpe bikolo [[Ukraina]], [[Siberia]], [[Lituania]], [[Tanzania]], [[Bisanga Salomom]], [[Cuba]], [[Taiwan]], [[Mozambique]] na mpe bisusu. * O bikolo biyike, ba Lazariste bazali kokoba mosala mwa bobokoli bilenge o nzela ya bonganga na makindo (ba Séminaire), mingi mpenza bikolo bizangi ba nganga-Nzambe ba bangomei (clergé autochtone). * Basango bazali kosalisa ba Filles de charités na nzela ya molimo, mpe mangomba masusu ya ba laic mabandisami na mosantu Vincent (lokola AIC) to mazali kolanda nzela eye alakisaki o kati ya Eklezya mpe mokili (Société de Saint-Vincent de Paul, Association de la Médaille miraculeuse, Jeunesse Mariale Vincentienne...). * O bikolo bisusu, biteyelo bizali apostolat enene, banda biye bya yambo kin'o biye bya likolo (universités) ([[Philippines]], [[USA]] ). == Mioko misala mya sika == Ba Lazariste basusu bazali kosala elongo na batu bavandi pene na bikunde binene bya bosoto na bingumba (lokola na Payatas, Philippines). Basusu bazali kosalisa bilenge biye batukoli nzotu na bomeli makaya makasi (ba drogué), bato bakobela sida (na Europa), bato bakufa matoi (o Irlande), bitumbe, bana bazali kokola o ba balabala (ba shegué) mpe batu bazangi ndako. Ba Lazariste basusu bazali kosala mpo ya botomboli bomoi na mayele ma batu baye bazali naino na bizaleli bya kala (indigènes), to ya baye bakovandaka esika yoko te (ba Tzigane). O [[Brésil]], ba Lazariste bakosala mpe apostolat pene na batambwisi mituka minene (ba camioneur), baye bakozalaka ntango inso se na nzela. Basusu bazali kosalisa bato bakimi bitumba to kwokoso isusu, (réfugiés), to baye bazangi minkanda ya leta (sans papiers) mpe koteya bilenge bazangi misala. (o Mputu) Bakosala mpe mpo ya bokolisi masanga make ma bakristu to Communautés Ecclésiales de Base, na mpe mpo ya ba laïc baye bakokamba masanga mana. Basusu bakoluka kokolisa lolenge la mosala mosantu Vincent alakisaki o ntei ya biteyelo mpe ya ba université. Basusu bakomipesa o masanga ma bomanyoli bomoi bwa bamibonza, bobokoli bana na bilenge, ntina ya boboyi koyamba (athéisme), nzela ya bopesi mpe bozwi nsango, pastorale ya mabota na mpe masalisi ndenge na ndenge matali ezaleli mpe bomoto. Tokokuta mpe ba Lazariste basusu bakopesa mateya o biteyelo bya bokolisi boyambi mpe bomoto, ezala biye bya ba diocèse, ezala biye bya lingomba lya Mission to mpe biye bya mangomba masusu. == SIEV mpe CIF == Mpo ya bokolisi mposa ya boyekoli bomoi, misala mya mosantu Vincent mpe elimo atikeli biso, lisanga lyoko likelami na nkombo "Secrétariat International d'Etudes Vincentiennes" (SIEV). SIEV ezali kolengele sanza yoko ya mateya (mois vincentien) na Paris mpo ya ba Lazariste (babandi mpe kondima mangomba masusu maye makolandaka ndakisa ya mosantu Vincent). Kaka o mboka Paris, babandisi "Centre International de Formation Saint-Vincent" (CIF). Ezali kopesa mateya ma recyclage mpo ya ba Lazariste bazali na mibu 35 kin'o 50. == Provincce ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Beljika == O ekolo [[Beljika]], ndako ya liboso ya lingomba lya Mission efungwamaki na [[Liège]] na 1902. Ndako ya yambo ya lingomba o Kɔ́ngɔ efungwami na [[Bikoro]] (Mbandaka) na 1926. Na 1929 bafungoli ndako ya [[Leuven]] mpe 1952 eye ya [[Lessines]]. O mobu 1947, ndako inso isangani o Province ya Beljika mpe ''Congo Belge'' ekomi "mission" ya Province ena. O mobu 1991, na botalaka 'te ba Lazariste bazali lisusu mingi te o Beljika mpe awa motango mwa bango mokomi kokola o ekolo [[Kongo|Kɔ́ngɔ]], Bakonzi ba lingomba bazwi mokano mwa bokomisi Kongo Province mpe bobongoli Beljika bo Etuka to Région autonome o kati ya Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ. Ezali na ndimbola enene 'te o bobange bwa ye, province-mama ekoka kokoma o maboko ma mwana oyo ye akolisi na motema monso. === I. Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ === Province ya Kongo ebandisami na ba Lazariste ya Beljika. Sango [[Félix Dekempeneer]], mobandisi wa mission ya Bikoro, akomi o Kongo o mobu 1925, mpo ya kolengele boyei bwa ba nyango ba ''Filles de la Charité''. Mpe wana bamopesi mosala mwa bosangeli Nsango Elamu o etuka ya Bikoro. O ntango ena, mission ya Bikoro ezalaki na batu soko nkoto ntuku ibale, mpe mbele bakristu bobele nkoto yoko na ndambo to nkoto ibale. O mobu 1959, mission ya Bikoro ekomi Diocesi mpe Mgr [[Camille Vandekerkove]], lazariste, akomaki [[Episkopo]] wa yambo ya Diocesi ena. Basango Lazaristes babandisi ba [[paroisse]] iye: Bikoro St. Vincent wa Paul (1926), [[Irebu]] Notre Dame du Chenal (1928), [[Lukolela]] Sacré-Coeur (1933), [[Bokongo]] Sainte Famille (1936), [[Yumbi]] Christ-Roi (1938), [[Bolobo Notre Dame (1946), [[Itipo]] Saint Joseph (1948), [[Iboko]] Notre Dame de la Médaille Miraculeuse (1956), [[Mooto]] Saint Emille (1962), mpe [[Momboyo]] Martyrs d'ouganda (1963). Ut'o mobu 1975, nsima ya liwa lya Mgr Camille, diocesi ya Bikoro esangani na eye ya [[Mbandaka]]. Nkombo ya diocèse ekomi Archidiocèse de Mbandaka-Bikoro. Liboso o bokambemi bwa Mgr [[Pierre Wijnants]], wa lingomba lya ba Missionnaire du Sacré-Coeur, na nsima o bokambemi bwa Mgr [[Frédéric Etsou]], oyo akomi lelo Cardinal mpe Episkopo wa lokumu wa [[Kinshasa]]. Lelo, Archidiocèse ya Mbandaka-Bikoro ezali o maboko ma Mgr [[Joseph Nkumuondala]]. O mobu 1982, ba Lazaristes bakamati paroisse Notre Dame du Congo na Mbandaka. Nsima bazwaki mpe Paroisse St. Paul Apôtre (1992-1998) na Mbandaka. Bobele o engumba ya Mbandaka, bafungoli ndako "Félix Dekempeneer", eye ekoyangela [[Cité Elikya]] mpo ya kobokolo mpe kosalisa bana to bilenge baye bazangi mosala (1998). Na Kinshasa ba Lazariste bazali kosala o paroisse St Adrien ya Ngaba ut'o mobu 1986. Bobele na Kinshasa, bafungoli ndako ya boyambi basango bazali na lipaya na [[Limete]] (1991). Bazwi mpe mosala mwa bokambi bato ba mpasi na lopitalo St. Joseph. Awa babandi kozwa bana mboka baye balingi kolanda nzela ya mosantu Vincent awa na mboka Kongo, bafungoli ndako ya boyekoli ibale : O mobu 1981, Séminaire Interne (noviciat) "Source de vie" na [[Bokongo]], eye eleki na Itipo ut'o 1994. Na mobu 1985, bafungoli likindo linene to Scolasticat Saint Vincent de Paul, na [[Kimwenza]] (Kinshasa) mpo ya baye bakoyekolaka philosophie mpe théologie. Na moi mwa lelo, Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ ezali na ba missionnaire 34 (ba nganga-Nzambe 32, diakono moko mpe mofulele moko) na bilenge ba likindo 27. Mpo etali bikolo bya bango, ba missionnaire bakabwani boye : 21 bazali ba congolais, 9 polonais, 2 belges, 1 hollandais mpe 1 italien. Ba lazariste congolais babale bazali missionnaire na Algérie mpe na Cameroun. Mosusu asengeli kokenda bo Directeur ya Séminaire interne na [[Kamerun]]. Lazariste polonais moko wa province ya Congo azali kosala mosala na Beljika. Ba Lazariste basusu banei bauti o province ya Kɔ́ngɔ bazali sika kosala o ekolo [[Chine]] (1 hollandais) mpe na [[Haïti]] (2 polonais), mpe na [[Gresi]] (1 polonais). ==== Misala mya ba Lazariste o Kɔ́ngɔ ==== O Archidiocese ya Mbandaka-Bikoro, basango ba Lazariste bazali kokamba ba paroisse mwambi (8). Mosala mwa bango motali mingi mpenza: * Bokolisi bakristu o nzela ya boyambi, o kati ya masanga make to Communauté Ecclésiale de Base (CEB), engebene na mwango mwa Eklezya ya Kɔ́ngɔ. * Bopesi mateya na bakatekisi to na ba laïc basusu baponami mpo ya kokamba masanga ma bakristu o mboka. Mateya mango makopesama mpo ya mobu moko na "Centre de Formation chrétienne de Bikoro". Epai esusu, "Centre d'Animation Missionnaire" ezali koteya ba mission populaire mpe kolengele ba laïc mpe bakambi ba mangomba ma apostolat. * Misala mya botomboli bomoto mpe mboka; bolendisi o misala mya bilanga; botongi biteyelo mpe Ndako-Nzambe o mboka na mpe misala misusu ndenge na ndenge miye mitali bolamu bwa bato Bo bana ba Santu Vincent, ba Lazariste bazali kotiya motema mpe na boluki nzela kani bakoki kosalisa bilenge bazangi mosala (Cité Elikya na Mbandaka) na mpe bato ba mpasi (Lopitalo St. Joseph na Kinshasa). Lokola bazali o libota linene lya Santu Vincent, ba Lazariste bazali kosala manso mpo ya bokolisi bomoko o kati ya bango na mangomba masusu maye mazali kolanda ndakisa ya Santu Vincent (ndakisa : Filles de la Charité, Religieux de St. Vincent de Paul na basusu bayike). Bayangeli ba mangomba mana manso bakokutanaka mbala na mbala na Kinshasa mpo ya mateya mpe bisambo. Mosala mwa bango o kati ya ba Laïc baye bazali kolanda mpe ndakisa ya Santu Vincent mozali komonana mingi mpenza na nzela ya lingomba to "Association de la Médaille Miraculeuse", eye euti kobanda awa na Congo, na nzela ya Société de Saint Vincent de Paul, Jeunesse Mariale Vincentienne, na mpe masanga masusu malandi mosantu Vincent. === II. Région ya Beljika === ==== 1. Leuven ==== Ndako ya Leuven ekosalaka mosala mwa "procure" mpo ya Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ : Bosombi mpe botindi biloko mpo ya ba Lazariste bazali o Kongo. Ndako ya boyambi ba Lazaristes baye bayei kopemisa nzoto (bazali na congé) to mpe baye bazali kobela. Ndako ya bopemi mpo ya bandeko baye bakomi mibange to baye bazali kobela. Ba Lazariste baye bavandi o ndako ya Leuven bazali mpe kosala misala na lopitalo (lokola aumônier to lokola volontaire), bakotalaka batu baye bazali na mikakatano, bakosanganaka na mangomba ya losambo (groupes de prière) mpe bakosalisaka ba Filles de la Charité baye bakolobaka flamand. ==== 2. Lessines ==== Ndako-Nzambe ya Lessines esalemi na bokundoli bomilakisi bwa Ngondo Mosantu Maria na rue du Bac (Paris). Mokolo mwa yambo mwa poso inso, lisanga Association de la Médaille Miraculeuse likosambelaka losambo la novena (na 20h ). Tokoyambaka mpe bakristu balingi koleka o sanctuaire (ba pèlerin), ezala moto moko moko to mpe lisanga. Poso nyonso ya nsuka ya sanza ya mitano, tosalaka losambo lonene la novena o bokambemi bwa nganga-Nzambe moko auti epai esusu mpo ya kolendisa bana ba Mama Maria. Bokutani bona bwa losambo bokosangisaka bandeko banso ba Belgique baye bamesani koya epai ya Mama. Lokasa to revue mensuelle moko (2000 exemplaires) lozali kosangisa bayebani ba biso banso. Ndako-Nzambe ya biso esalaka mpe misala minso mikosalemaka o paroisse. Moko wa ba nganga-Nzambe ba sanctuaire azali na kati ya baye bakoteyaka o ba paroisse ya doyenné ya Lessines. ==== 3. Liège ==== Maison "ad instar domus" Ba Lazariste ba Liège bavandi esika yoko te, kasi bazali motema moko na mosala : Na bosalisi banyango ba Filles de la Charité, mangomba ma bilenge mpe na boteyi bakristu na ba ndako. Na bosalisi baye bayei lipaya na Belgique (immigrés) na mpe baye bakimi bitumba na mobulu o mboka ya bango (réfugiés). Tozali kosalisa bango na biloko, kobunda mpo ya makoki mpe bomoto ya bango. {| class="WSerieV" id="WSerie_Christianisme" tableborder="1" cellspacing="0" style="padding: 0.3em; float:right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 5px 1em; border:1px solid #669966; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; background:#BBCCCC; text-align:center;" {{Religions}} |} [[category:relijion]] [[category:boklísto]] 6990 2005-11-23T11:24:42Z Bombo 12 Relijion -> relijió [[Image:StVdP.jpg|thumb|Santu Vincent wa Paul]] '''Congrégation de la Mission (Lazariste)''' ebandi o mobu 1625 o mboka [[Paris]]. Kasi ut'o ebandela, mosala mwa lingomba lina moyebanaki mpe o bikolo bisusu. Lingomba ya Mission lisangisi ba nganga-[[Nzambe]] na mpe ba mofulele. Bango batangemi ba ''Religieux'' te, ata ko bakosalaka bilako. Likanisi ya Mosantu [[Vincent wa Paul]] lizalaki 'te akoka kobongisa lingomba lyoko na ntina ya kozala mpe kosala mosala lisanga na bato banso ba mokili. Engebene na mibeko mya Eklezya, bakotanga lyango "société de vie apostolique". == Ntina ya lingomba == Lingomba lya Mission lizali kosangela nsango elamu na babola, na nguya ya elimo ya [[Kristu]]. Mosala mokotinda ba Lazariste bazala na bizaleli biye : * Kolinga kosala liboso mpenza kati ya babola : bosangeli Nsango Elamu na babola, yango nde elembo'te bokonzi bwa likolo bokomi penepene (cf. Mt 11,5) ; * Kozala mpe na bokebi na makambo ma mokili, mingi mpenza koluka koyeba ntina ya bokeseni mpe bozangi bosembo o bokaboli nkita na kati ya mokili. wana nde kosala mosala mwa profeta o bosangeli Nsango Elamu; * Koyeba kokabola na babola mpasi ya bango, na ntina 'te bobele biso toteya bango te, kasi bango mpe basangela biso Nsango Elamu. * Kozala banso lisanga mpo ya kokolisa bolingani mpe bosalisani o kati ya lingomba. * Kozala na esengo soki lingomba lisengi biso tokende bipai binso na mokili, lokola ba missionnaire ba yambo ba lingomba bapesi biso ndakisa. * Moko moko mpe biso banso lisanga tokoluka ntango inso kobongola motema, lokola Santu Polo akoloba na biso : "bolanda ezalela ya bato ba nse eye te, kasi bokoma bato ba mayele ma sika." (Rm 12,2) (Constitution art.12). == Lingomba lizali kosala mosala wapi? == Lingomba ya Mission likabwani na ba 45 Provinces ntuku inei na itano, na 3 Vice-provinces isato. O molongo mobimba, lingomba lizali kosala na bikolo ntuku mwambi,bikabwani o bituka to continent inso: [[Afrika]], [[Amerika]], [[Autralie]], [[Asia]] (kin'o [[Chine]]) mpe [[Eropa]]. == Tozali boni o kati ya lingomba? == O mobu 1998, lingomba ya Mission lizalaki na ba membre 4193. O kati ya bango. Baepiskopo bazali 29 Banganga-Nzambe 3191 Ba mofulele 203 Ba diakono na bai-likindo basali séminaire interne 770 O mibu miye, motango mwa baye bazali kokota na lingomba o bikolo bya Europa mozali moke mpenza. Kasi o bikolo bya Afrika na Amerika ya nse, motango mona mokoli mingi mpenza. == Misala mya lingomba ut'o kala == Engebene na mibeko mya lingomba, * Uto ebandela, lingomba ya Mission lizali koteya ba mission populaire na ba paroisse. * Lingomba lizali mpe kosangela o bikolo biye biyoki naino Nsango Elamu te (mission "ad gentes"). Ezala o bikolo biyebanaka lokola bikolo bya bopalanginyi eyamba to " pays de Mission " (Afrika, Asia, Australie), ezala mpe sik'oyo na [[Albania]], mpe bikolo [[Ukraina]], [[Siberia]], [[Lituania]], [[Tanzania]], [[Bisanga Salomom]], [[Cuba]], [[Taiwan]], [[Mozambique]] na mpe bisusu. * O bikolo biyike, ba Lazariste bazali kokoba mosala mwa bobokoli bilenge o nzela ya bonganga na makindo (ba Séminaire), mingi mpenza bikolo bizangi ba nganga-Nzambe ba bangomei (clergé autochtone). * Basango bazali kosalisa ba Filles de charités na nzela ya molimo, mpe mangomba masusu ya ba laic mabandisami na mosantu Vincent (lokola AIC) to mazali kolanda nzela eye alakisaki o kati ya Eklezya mpe mokili (Société de Saint-Vincent de Paul, Association de la Médaille miraculeuse, Jeunesse Mariale Vincentienne...). * O bikolo bisusu, biteyelo bizali apostolat enene, banda biye bya yambo kin'o biye bya likolo (universités) ([[Philippines]], [[USA]] ). == Mioko misala mya sika == Ba Lazariste basusu bazali kosala elongo na batu bavandi pene na bikunde binene bya bosoto na bingumba (lokola na Payatas, Philippines). Basusu bazali kosalisa bilenge biye batukoli nzotu na bomeli makaya makasi (ba drogué), bato bakobela sida (na Europa), bato bakufa matoi (o Irlande), bitumbe, bana bazali kokola o ba balabala (ba shegué) mpe batu bazangi ndako. Ba Lazariste basusu bazali kosala mpo ya botomboli bomoi na mayele ma batu baye bazali naino na bizaleli bya kala (indigènes), to ya baye bakovandaka esika yoko te (ba Tzigane). O [[Brésil]], ba Lazariste bakosala mpe apostolat pene na batambwisi mituka minene (ba camioneur), baye bakozalaka ntango inso se na nzela. Basusu bazali kosalisa bato bakimi bitumba to kwokoso isusu, (réfugiés), to baye bazangi minkanda ya leta (sans papiers) mpe koteya bilenge bazangi misala. (o Mputu) Bakosala mpe mpo ya bokolisi masanga make ma bakristu to Communautés Ecclésiales de Base, na mpe mpo ya ba laïc baye bakokamba masanga mana. Basusu bakoluka kokolisa lolenge la mosala mosantu Vincent alakisaki o ntei ya biteyelo mpe ya ba université. Basusu bakomipesa o masanga ma bomanyoli bomoi bwa bamibonza, bobokoli bana na bilenge, ntina ya boboyi koyamba (athéisme), nzela ya bopesi mpe bozwi nsango, pastorale ya mabota na mpe masalisi ndenge na ndenge matali ezaleli mpe bomoto. Tokokuta mpe ba Lazariste basusu bakopesa mateya o biteyelo bya bokolisi boyambi mpe bomoto, ezala biye bya ba diocèse, ezala biye bya lingomba lya Mission to mpe biye bya mangomba masusu. == SIEV mpe CIF == Mpo ya bokolisi mposa ya boyekoli bomoi, misala mya mosantu Vincent mpe elimo atikeli biso, lisanga lyoko likelami na nkombo "Secrétariat International d'Etudes Vincentiennes" (SIEV). SIEV ezali kolengele sanza yoko ya mateya (mois vincentien) na Paris mpo ya ba Lazariste (babandi mpe kondima mangomba masusu maye makolandaka ndakisa ya mosantu Vincent). Kaka o mboka Paris, babandisi "Centre International de Formation Saint-Vincent" (CIF). Ezali kopesa mateya ma recyclage mpo ya ba Lazariste bazali na mibu 35 kin'o 50. == Provincce ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Beljika == O ekolo [[Beljika]], ndako ya liboso ya lingomba lya Mission efungwamaki na [[Liège]] na 1902. Ndako ya yambo ya lingomba o Kɔ́ngɔ efungwami na [[Bikoro]] (Mbandaka) na 1926. Na 1929 bafungoli ndako ya [[Leuven]] mpe 1952 eye ya [[Lessines]]. O mobu 1947, ndako inso isangani o Province ya Beljika mpe ''Congo Belge'' ekomi "mission" ya Province ena. O mobu 1991, na botalaka 'te ba Lazariste bazali lisusu mingi te o Beljika mpe awa motango mwa bango mokomi kokola o ekolo [[Kongo|Kɔ́ngɔ]], Bakonzi ba lingomba bazwi mokano mwa bokomisi Kongo Province mpe bobongoli Beljika bo Etuka to Région autonome o kati ya Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ. Ezali na ndimbola enene 'te o bobange bwa ye, province-mama ekoka kokoma o maboko ma mwana oyo ye akolisi na motema monso. === I. Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ === Province ya Kongo ebandisami na ba Lazariste ya Beljika. Sango [[Félix Dekempeneer]], mobandisi wa mission ya Bikoro, akomi o Kongo o mobu 1925, mpo ya kolengele boyei bwa ba nyango ba ''Filles de la Charité''. Mpe wana bamopesi mosala mwa bosangeli Nsango Elamu o etuka ya Bikoro. O ntango ena, mission ya Bikoro ezalaki na batu soko nkoto ntuku ibale, mpe mbele bakristu bobele nkoto yoko na ndambo to nkoto ibale. O mobu 1959, mission ya Bikoro ekomi Diocesi mpe Mgr [[Camille Vandekerkove]], lazariste, akomaki [[Episkopo]] wa yambo ya Diocesi ena. Basango Lazaristes babandisi ba [[paroisse]] iye: Bikoro St. Vincent wa Paul (1926), [[Irebu]] Notre Dame du Chenal (1928), [[Lukolela]] Sacré-Coeur (1933), [[Bokongo]] Sainte Famille (1936), [[Yumbi]] Christ-Roi (1938), [[Bolobo Notre Dame (1946), [[Itipo]] Saint Joseph (1948), [[Iboko]] Notre Dame de la Médaille Miraculeuse (1956), [[Mooto]] Saint Emille (1962), mpe [[Momboyo]] Martyrs d'ouganda (1963). Ut'o mobu 1975, nsima ya liwa lya Mgr Camille, diocesi ya Bikoro esangani na eye ya [[Mbandaka]]. Nkombo ya diocèse ekomi Archidiocèse de Mbandaka-Bikoro. Liboso o bokambemi bwa Mgr [[Pierre Wijnants]], wa lingomba lya ba Missionnaire du Sacré-Coeur, na nsima o bokambemi bwa Mgr [[Frédéric Etsou]], oyo akomi lelo Cardinal mpe Episkopo wa lokumu wa [[Kinshasa]]. Lelo, Archidiocèse ya Mbandaka-Bikoro ezali o maboko ma Mgr [[Joseph Nkumuondala]]. O mobu 1982, ba Lazaristes bakamati paroisse Notre Dame du Congo na Mbandaka. Nsima bazwaki mpe Paroisse St. Paul Apôtre (1992-1998) na Mbandaka. Bobele o engumba ya Mbandaka, bafungoli ndako "Félix Dekempeneer", eye ekoyangela [[Cité Elikya]] mpo ya kobokolo mpe kosalisa bana to bilenge baye bazangi mosala (1998). Na Kinshasa ba Lazariste bazali kosala o paroisse St Adrien ya Ngaba ut'o mobu 1986. Bobele na Kinshasa, bafungoli ndako ya boyambi basango bazali na lipaya na [[Limete]] (1991). Bazwi mpe mosala mwa bokambi bato ba mpasi na lopitalo St. Joseph. Awa babandi kozwa bana mboka baye balingi kolanda nzela ya mosantu Vincent awa na mboka Kongo, bafungoli ndako ya boyekoli ibale : O mobu 1981, Séminaire Interne (noviciat) "Source de vie" na [[Bokongo]], eye eleki na Itipo ut'o 1994. Na mobu 1985, bafungoli likindo linene to Scolasticat Saint Vincent de Paul, na [[Kimwenza]] (Kinshasa) mpo ya baye bakoyekolaka philosophie mpe théologie. Na moi mwa lelo, Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ ezali na ba missionnaire 34 (ba nganga-Nzambe 32, diakono moko mpe mofulele moko) na bilenge ba likindo 27. Mpo etali bikolo bya bango, ba missionnaire bakabwani boye : 21 bazali ba congolais, 9 polonais, 2 belges, 1 hollandais mpe 1 italien. Ba lazariste congolais babale bazali missionnaire na Algérie mpe na Cameroun. Mosusu asengeli kokenda bo Directeur ya Séminaire interne na [[Kamerun]]. Lazariste polonais moko wa province ya Congo azali kosala mosala na Beljika. Ba Lazariste basusu banei bauti o province ya Kɔ́ngɔ bazali sika kosala o ekolo [[Chine]] (1 hollandais) mpe na [[Haïti]] (2 polonais), mpe na [[Gresi]] (1 polonais). ==== Misala mya ba Lazariste o Kɔ́ngɔ ==== O Archidiocese ya Mbandaka-Bikoro, basango ba Lazariste bazali kokamba ba paroisse mwambi (8). Mosala mwa bango motali mingi mpenza: * Bokolisi bakristu o nzela ya boyambi, o kati ya masanga make to Communauté Ecclésiale de Base (CEB), engebene na mwango mwa Eklezya ya Kɔ́ngɔ. * Bopesi mateya na bakatekisi to na ba laïc basusu baponami mpo ya kokamba masanga ma bakristu o mboka. Mateya mango makopesama mpo ya mobu moko na "Centre de Formation chrétienne de Bikoro". Epai esusu, "Centre d'Animation Missionnaire" ezali koteya ba mission populaire mpe kolengele ba laïc mpe bakambi ba mangomba ma apostolat. * Misala mya botomboli bomoto mpe mboka; bolendisi o misala mya bilanga; botongi biteyelo mpe Ndako-Nzambe o mboka na mpe misala misusu ndenge na ndenge miye mitali bolamu bwa bato Bo bana ba Santu Vincent, ba Lazariste bazali kotiya motema mpe na boluki nzela kani bakoki kosalisa bilenge bazangi mosala (Cité Elikya na Mbandaka) na mpe bato ba mpasi (Lopitalo St. Joseph na Kinshasa). Lokola bazali o libota linene lya Santu Vincent, ba Lazariste bazali kosala manso mpo ya bokolisi bomoko o kati ya bango na mangomba masusu maye mazali kolanda ndakisa ya Santu Vincent (ndakisa : Filles de la Charité, Religieux de St. Vincent de Paul na basusu bayike). Bayangeli ba mangomba mana manso bakokutanaka mbala na mbala na Kinshasa mpo ya mateya mpe bisambo. Mosala mwa bango o kati ya ba Laïc baye bazali kolanda mpe ndakisa ya Santu Vincent mozali komonana mingi mpenza na nzela ya lingomba to "Association de la Médaille Miraculeuse", eye euti kobanda awa na Congo, na nzela ya Société de Saint Vincent de Paul, Jeunesse Mariale Vincentienne, na mpe masanga masusu malandi mosantu Vincent. === II. Région ya Beljika === ==== 1. Leuven ==== Ndako ya Leuven ekosalaka mosala mwa "procure" mpo ya Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ : Bosombi mpe botindi biloko mpo ya ba Lazariste bazali o Kongo. Ndako ya boyambi ba Lazaristes baye bayei kopemisa nzoto (bazali na congé) to mpe baye bazali kobela. Ndako ya bopemi mpo ya bandeko baye bakomi mibange to baye bazali kobela. Ba Lazariste baye bavandi o ndako ya Leuven bazali mpe kosala misala na lopitalo (lokola aumônier to lokola volontaire), bakotalaka batu baye bazali na mikakatano, bakosanganaka na mangomba ya losambo (groupes de prière) mpe bakosalisaka ba Filles de la Charité baye bakolobaka flamand. ==== 2. Lessines ==== Ndako-Nzambe ya Lessines esalemi na bokundoli bomilakisi bwa Ngondo Mosantu Maria na rue du Bac (Paris). Mokolo mwa yambo mwa poso inso, lisanga Association de la Médaille Miraculeuse likosambelaka losambo la novena (na 20h ). Tokoyambaka mpe bakristu balingi koleka o sanctuaire (ba pèlerin), ezala moto moko moko to mpe lisanga. Poso nyonso ya nsuka ya sanza ya mitano, tosalaka losambo lonene la novena o bokambemi bwa nganga-Nzambe moko auti epai esusu mpo ya kolendisa bana ba Mama Maria. Bokutani bona bwa losambo bokosangisaka bandeko banso ba Belgique baye bamesani koya epai ya Mama. Lokasa to revue mensuelle moko (2000 exemplaires) lozali kosangisa bayebani ba biso banso. Ndako-Nzambe ya biso esalaka mpe misala minso mikosalemaka o paroisse. Moko wa ba nganga-Nzambe ba sanctuaire azali na kati ya baye bakoteyaka o ba paroisse ya doyenné ya Lessines. ==== 3. Liège ==== Maison "ad instar domus" Ba Lazariste ba Liège bavandi esika yoko te, kasi bazali motema moko na mosala : Na bosalisi banyango ba Filles de la Charité, mangomba ma bilenge mpe na boteyi bakristu na ba ndako. Na bosalisi baye bayei lipaya na Belgique (immigrés) na mpe baye bakimi bitumba na mobulu o mboka ya bango (réfugiés). Tozali kosalisa bango na biloko, kobunda mpo ya makoki mpe bomoto ya bango. {| class="WSerieV" id="WSerie_Christianisme" tableborder="1" cellspacing="0" style="padding: 0.3em; float:right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 5px 1em; border:1px solid #669966; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; background:#BBCCCC; text-align:center;" {{Religions}} |} [[category:relijió]] [[category:boklísto]] 7803 2006-03-06T14:10:25Z 160.85.2.50 /* Tozali boni o kati ya lingomba? */ [[Image:StVdP.jpg|thumb|Santu Vincent wa Paul]] '''Congrégation de la Mission (Lazariste)''' ebandi o mobu 1625 o mboka [[Paris]]. Kasi ut'o ebandela, mosala mwa lingomba lina moyebanaki mpe o bikolo bisusu. Lingomba ya Mission lisangisi ba nganga-[[Nzambe]] na mpe ba mofulele. Bango batangemi ba ''Religieux'' te, ata ko bakosalaka bilako. Likanisi ya Mosantu [[Vincent wa Paul]] lizalaki 'te akoka kobongisa lingomba lyoko na ntina ya kozala mpe kosala mosala lisanga na bato banso ba mokili. Engebene na mibeko mya Eklezya, bakotanga lyango "société de vie apostolique". == Ntina ya lingomba == Lingomba lya Mission lizali kosangela nsango elamu na babola, na nguya ya elimo ya [[Kristu]]. Mosala mokotinda ba Lazariste bazala na bizaleli biye : * Kolinga kosala liboso mpenza kati ya babola : bosangeli Nsango Elamu na babola, yango nde elembo'te bokonzi bwa likolo bokomi penepene (cf. Mt 11,5) ; * Kozala mpe na bokebi na makambo ma mokili, mingi mpenza koluka koyeba ntina ya bokeseni mpe bozangi bosembo o bokaboli nkita na kati ya mokili. wana nde kosala mosala mwa profeta o bosangeli Nsango Elamu; * Koyeba kokabola na babola mpasi ya bango, na ntina 'te bobele biso toteya bango te, kasi bango mpe basangela biso Nsango Elamu. * Kozala banso lisanga mpo ya kokolisa bolingani mpe bosalisani o kati ya lingomba. * Kozala na esengo soki lingomba lisengi biso tokende bipai binso na mokili, lokola ba missionnaire ba yambo ba lingomba bapesi biso ndakisa. * Moko moko mpe biso banso lisanga tokoluka ntango inso kobongola motema, lokola Santu Polo akoloba na biso : "bolanda ezalela ya bato ba nse eye te, kasi bokoma bato ba mayele ma sika." (Rm 12,2) (Constitution art.12). == Lingomba lizali kosala mosala wapi? == Lingomba ya Mission likabwani na ba 45 Provinces ntuku inei na itano, na 3 Vice-provinces isato. O molongo mobimba, lingomba lizali kosala na bikolo ntuku mwambi,bikabwani o bituka to continent inso: [[Afrika]], [[Amerika]], [[Autralie]], [[Asia]] (kin'o [[Chine]]) mpe [[Eropa]]. == Tozali boni o kati ya lingomba? == O mobu 1998, lingomba ya Mission lizalaki na ba membre 4193. O kati ya bango. {| |Baepiskopo bazali |29 |- |Banganga-Nzambe |3191 |- |Ba mofulele |203 |- |Ba diakono na bai-likindo basali séminaire interne |770 |} O mibu miye, motango mwa baye bazali kokota na lingomba o bikolo bya Europa mozali moke mpenza. Kasi o bikolo bya Afrika na Amerika ya nse, motango mona mokoli mingi mpenza. == Misala mya lingomba ut'o kala == Engebene na mibeko mya lingomba, * Uto ebandela, lingomba ya Mission lizali koteya ba mission populaire na ba paroisse. * Lingomba lizali mpe kosangela o bikolo biye biyoki naino Nsango Elamu te (mission "ad gentes"). Ezala o bikolo biyebanaka lokola bikolo bya bopalanginyi eyamba to " pays de Mission " (Afrika, Asia, Australie), ezala mpe sik'oyo na [[Albania]], mpe bikolo [[Ukraina]], [[Siberia]], [[Lituania]], [[Tanzania]], [[Bisanga Salomom]], [[Cuba]], [[Taiwan]], [[Mozambique]] na mpe bisusu. * O bikolo biyike, ba Lazariste bazali kokoba mosala mwa bobokoli bilenge o nzela ya bonganga na makindo (ba Séminaire), mingi mpenza bikolo bizangi ba nganga-Nzambe ba bangomei (clergé autochtone). * Basango bazali kosalisa ba Filles de charités na nzela ya molimo, mpe mangomba masusu ya ba laic mabandisami na mosantu Vincent (lokola AIC) to mazali kolanda nzela eye alakisaki o kati ya Eklezya mpe mokili (Société de Saint-Vincent de Paul, Association de la Médaille miraculeuse, Jeunesse Mariale Vincentienne...). * O bikolo bisusu, biteyelo bizali apostolat enene, banda biye bya yambo kin'o biye bya likolo (universités) ([[Philippines]], [[USA]] ). == Mioko misala mya sika == Ba Lazariste basusu bazali kosala elongo na batu bavandi pene na bikunde binene bya bosoto na bingumba (lokola na Payatas, Philippines). Basusu bazali kosalisa bilenge biye batukoli nzotu na bomeli makaya makasi (ba drogué), bato bakobela sida (na Europa), bato bakufa matoi (o Irlande), bitumbe, bana bazali kokola o ba balabala (ba shegué) mpe batu bazangi ndako. Ba Lazariste basusu bazali kosala mpo ya botomboli bomoi na mayele ma batu baye bazali naino na bizaleli bya kala (indigènes), to ya baye bakovandaka esika yoko te (ba Tzigane). O [[Brésil]], ba Lazariste bakosala mpe apostolat pene na batambwisi mituka minene (ba camioneur), baye bakozalaka ntango inso se na nzela. Basusu bazali kosalisa bato bakimi bitumba to kwokoso isusu, (réfugiés), to baye bazangi minkanda ya leta (sans papiers) mpe koteya bilenge bazangi misala. (o Mputu) Bakosala mpe mpo ya bokolisi masanga make ma bakristu to Communautés Ecclésiales de Base, na mpe mpo ya ba laïc baye bakokamba masanga mana. Basusu bakoluka kokolisa lolenge la mosala mosantu Vincent alakisaki o ntei ya biteyelo mpe ya ba université. Basusu bakomipesa o masanga ma bomanyoli bomoi bwa bamibonza, bobokoli bana na bilenge, ntina ya boboyi koyamba (athéisme), nzela ya bopesi mpe bozwi nsango, pastorale ya mabota na mpe masalisi ndenge na ndenge matali ezaleli mpe bomoto. Tokokuta mpe ba Lazariste basusu bakopesa mateya o biteyelo bya bokolisi boyambi mpe bomoto, ezala biye bya ba diocèse, ezala biye bya lingomba lya Mission to mpe biye bya mangomba masusu. == SIEV mpe CIF == Mpo ya bokolisi mposa ya boyekoli bomoi, misala mya mosantu Vincent mpe elimo atikeli biso, lisanga lyoko likelami na nkombo "Secrétariat International d'Etudes Vincentiennes" (SIEV). SIEV ezali kolengele sanza yoko ya mateya (mois vincentien) na Paris mpo ya ba Lazariste (babandi mpe kondima mangomba masusu maye makolandaka ndakisa ya mosantu Vincent). Kaka o mboka Paris, babandisi "Centre International de Formation Saint-Vincent" (CIF). Ezali kopesa mateya ma recyclage mpo ya ba Lazariste bazali na mibu 35 kin'o 50. == Provincce ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Beljika == O ekolo [[Beljika]], ndako ya liboso ya lingomba lya Mission efungwamaki na [[Liège]] na 1902. Ndako ya yambo ya lingomba o Kɔ́ngɔ efungwami na [[Bikoro]] (Mbandaka) na 1926. Na 1929 bafungoli ndako ya [[Leuven]] mpe 1952 eye ya [[Lessines]]. O mobu 1947, ndako inso isangani o Province ya Beljika mpe ''Congo Belge'' ekomi "mission" ya Province ena. O mobu 1991, na botalaka 'te ba Lazariste bazali lisusu mingi te o Beljika mpe awa motango mwa bango mokomi kokola o ekolo [[Kongo|Kɔ́ngɔ]], Bakonzi ba lingomba bazwi mokano mwa bokomisi Kongo Province mpe bobongoli Beljika bo Etuka to Région autonome o kati ya Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ. Ezali na ndimbola enene 'te o bobange bwa ye, province-mama ekoka kokoma o maboko ma mwana oyo ye akolisi na motema monso. === I. Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ === Province ya Kongo ebandisami na ba Lazariste ya Beljika. Sango [[Félix Dekempeneer]], mobandisi wa mission ya Bikoro, akomi o Kongo o mobu 1925, mpo ya kolengele boyei bwa ba nyango ba ''Filles de la Charité''. Mpe wana bamopesi mosala mwa bosangeli Nsango Elamu o etuka ya Bikoro. O ntango ena, mission ya Bikoro ezalaki na batu soko nkoto ntuku ibale, mpe mbele bakristu bobele nkoto yoko na ndambo to nkoto ibale. O mobu 1959, mission ya Bikoro ekomi Diocesi mpe Mgr [[Camille Vandekerkove]], lazariste, akomaki [[Episkopo]] wa yambo ya Diocesi ena. Basango Lazaristes babandisi ba [[paroisse]] iye: Bikoro St. Vincent wa Paul (1926), [[Irebu]] Notre Dame du Chenal (1928), [[Lukolela]] Sacré-Coeur (1933), [[Bokongo]] Sainte Famille (1936), [[Yumbi]] Christ-Roi (1938), [[Bolobo Notre Dame (1946), [[Itipo]] Saint Joseph (1948), [[Iboko]] Notre Dame de la Médaille Miraculeuse (1956), [[Mooto]] Saint Emille (1962), mpe [[Momboyo]] Martyrs d'ouganda (1963). Ut'o mobu 1975, nsima ya liwa lya Mgr Camille, diocesi ya Bikoro esangani na eye ya [[Mbandaka]]. Nkombo ya diocèse ekomi Archidiocèse de Mbandaka-Bikoro. Liboso o bokambemi bwa Mgr [[Pierre Wijnants]], wa lingomba lya ba Missionnaire du Sacré-Coeur, na nsima o bokambemi bwa Mgr [[Frédéric Etsou]], oyo akomi lelo Cardinal mpe Episkopo wa lokumu wa [[Kinshasa]]. Lelo, Archidiocèse ya Mbandaka-Bikoro ezali o maboko ma Mgr [[Joseph Nkumuondala]]. O mobu 1982, ba Lazaristes bakamati paroisse Notre Dame du Congo na Mbandaka. Nsima bazwaki mpe Paroisse St. Paul Apôtre (1992-1998) na Mbandaka. Bobele o engumba ya Mbandaka, bafungoli ndako "Félix Dekempeneer", eye ekoyangela [[Cité Elikya]] mpo ya kobokolo mpe kosalisa bana to bilenge baye bazangi mosala (1998). Na Kinshasa ba Lazariste bazali kosala o paroisse St Adrien ya Ngaba ut'o mobu 1986. Bobele na Kinshasa, bafungoli ndako ya boyambi basango bazali na lipaya na [[Limete]] (1991). Bazwi mpe mosala mwa bokambi bato ba mpasi na lopitalo St. Joseph. Awa babandi kozwa bana mboka baye balingi kolanda nzela ya mosantu Vincent awa na mboka Kongo, bafungoli ndako ya boyekoli ibale : O mobu 1981, Séminaire Interne (noviciat) "Source de vie" na [[Bokongo]], eye eleki na Itipo ut'o 1994. Na mobu 1985, bafungoli likindo linene to Scolasticat Saint Vincent de Paul, na [[Kimwenza]] (Kinshasa) mpo ya baye bakoyekolaka philosophie mpe théologie. Na moi mwa lelo, Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ ezali na ba missionnaire 34 (ba nganga-Nzambe 32, diakono moko mpe mofulele moko) na bilenge ba likindo 27. Mpo etali bikolo bya bango, ba missionnaire bakabwani boye : 21 bazali ba congolais, 9 polonais, 2 belges, 1 hollandais mpe 1 italien. Ba lazariste congolais babale bazali missionnaire na Algérie mpe na Cameroun. Mosusu asengeli kokenda bo Directeur ya Séminaire interne na [[Kamerun]]. Lazariste polonais moko wa province ya Congo azali kosala mosala na Beljika. Ba Lazariste basusu banei bauti o province ya Kɔ́ngɔ bazali sika kosala o ekolo [[Chine]] (1 hollandais) mpe na [[Haïti]] (2 polonais), mpe na [[Gresi]] (1 polonais). ==== Misala mya ba Lazariste o Kɔ́ngɔ ==== O Archidiocese ya Mbandaka-Bikoro, basango ba Lazariste bazali kokamba ba paroisse mwambi (8). Mosala mwa bango motali mingi mpenza: * Bokolisi bakristu o nzela ya boyambi, o kati ya masanga make to Communauté Ecclésiale de Base (CEB), engebene na mwango mwa Eklezya ya Kɔ́ngɔ. * Bopesi mateya na bakatekisi to na ba laïc basusu baponami mpo ya kokamba masanga ma bakristu o mboka. Mateya mango makopesama mpo ya mobu moko na "Centre de Formation chrétienne de Bikoro". Epai esusu, "Centre d'Animation Missionnaire" ezali koteya ba mission populaire mpe kolengele ba laïc mpe bakambi ba mangomba ma apostolat. * Misala mya botomboli bomoto mpe mboka; bolendisi o misala mya bilanga; botongi biteyelo mpe Ndako-Nzambe o mboka na mpe misala misusu ndenge na ndenge miye mitali bolamu bwa bato Bo bana ba Santu Vincent, ba Lazariste bazali kotiya motema mpe na boluki nzela kani bakoki kosalisa bilenge bazangi mosala (Cité Elikya na Mbandaka) na mpe bato ba mpasi (Lopitalo St. Joseph na Kinshasa). Lokola bazali o libota linene lya Santu Vincent, ba Lazariste bazali kosala manso mpo ya bokolisi bomoko o kati ya bango na mangomba masusu maye mazali kolanda ndakisa ya Santu Vincent (ndakisa : Filles de la Charité, Religieux de St. Vincent de Paul na basusu bayike). Bayangeli ba mangomba mana manso bakokutanaka mbala na mbala na Kinshasa mpo ya mateya mpe bisambo. Mosala mwa bango o kati ya ba Laïc baye bazali kolanda mpe ndakisa ya Santu Vincent mozali komonana mingi mpenza na nzela ya lingomba to "Association de la Médaille Miraculeuse", eye euti kobanda awa na Congo, na nzela ya Société de Saint Vincent de Paul, Jeunesse Mariale Vincentienne, na mpe masanga masusu malandi mosantu Vincent. === II. Région ya Beljika === ==== 1. Leuven ==== Ndako ya Leuven ekosalaka mosala mwa "procure" mpo ya Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ : Bosombi mpe botindi biloko mpo ya ba Lazariste bazali o Kongo. Ndako ya boyambi ba Lazaristes baye bayei kopemisa nzoto (bazali na congé) to mpe baye bazali kobela. Ndako ya bopemi mpo ya bandeko baye bakomi mibange to baye bazali kobela. Ba Lazariste baye bavandi o ndako ya Leuven bazali mpe kosala misala na lopitalo (lokola aumônier to lokola volontaire), bakotalaka batu baye bazali na mikakatano, bakosanganaka na mangomba ya losambo (groupes de prière) mpe bakosalisaka ba Filles de la Charité baye bakolobaka flamand. ==== 2. Lessines ==== Ndako-Nzambe ya Lessines esalemi na bokundoli bomilakisi bwa Ngondo Mosantu Maria na rue du Bac (Paris). Mokolo mwa yambo mwa poso inso, lisanga Association de la Médaille Miraculeuse likosambelaka losambo la novena (na 20h ). Tokoyambaka mpe bakristu balingi koleka o sanctuaire (ba pèlerin), ezala moto moko moko to mpe lisanga. Poso nyonso ya nsuka ya sanza ya mitano, tosalaka losambo lonene la novena o bokambemi bwa nganga-Nzambe moko auti epai esusu mpo ya kolendisa bana ba Mama Maria. Bokutani bona bwa losambo bokosangisaka bandeko banso ba Belgique baye bamesani koya epai ya Mama. Lokasa to revue mensuelle moko (2000 exemplaires) lozali kosangisa bayebani ba biso banso. Ndako-Nzambe ya biso esalaka mpe misala minso mikosalemaka o paroisse. Moko wa ba nganga-Nzambe ba sanctuaire azali na kati ya baye bakoteyaka o ba paroisse ya doyenné ya Lessines. ==== 3. Liège ==== Maison "ad instar domus" Ba Lazariste ba Liège bavandi esika yoko te, kasi bazali motema moko na mosala : Na bosalisi banyango ba Filles de la Charité, mangomba ma bilenge mpe na boteyi bakristu na ba ndako. Na bosalisi baye bayei lipaya na Belgique (immigrés) na mpe baye bakimi bitumba na mobulu o mboka ya bango (réfugiés). Tozali kosalisa bango na biloko, kobunda mpo ya makoki mpe bomoto ya bango. {| class="WSerieV" id="WSerie_Christianisme" tableborder="1" cellspacing="0" style="padding: 0.3em; float:right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 5px 1em; border:1px solid #669966; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; background:#BBCCCC; text-align:center;" {{Religions}} |} [[category:relijió]] [[category:boklísto]] 7804 2006-03-06T14:11:38Z 160.85.2.50 /* Provincce ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Beljika */ [[Image:StVdP.jpg|thumb|Santu Vincent wa Paul]] '''Congrégation de la Mission (Lazariste)''' ebandi o mobu 1625 o mboka [[Paris]]. Kasi ut'o ebandela, mosala mwa lingomba lina moyebanaki mpe o bikolo bisusu. Lingomba ya Mission lisangisi ba nganga-[[Nzambe]] na mpe ba mofulele. Bango batangemi ba ''Religieux'' te, ata ko bakosalaka bilako. Likanisi ya Mosantu [[Vincent wa Paul]] lizalaki 'te akoka kobongisa lingomba lyoko na ntina ya kozala mpe kosala mosala lisanga na bato banso ba mokili. Engebene na mibeko mya Eklezya, bakotanga lyango "société de vie apostolique". == Ntina ya lingomba == Lingomba lya Mission lizali kosangela nsango elamu na babola, na nguya ya elimo ya [[Kristu]]. Mosala mokotinda ba Lazariste bazala na bizaleli biye : * Kolinga kosala liboso mpenza kati ya babola : bosangeli Nsango Elamu na babola, yango nde elembo'te bokonzi bwa likolo bokomi penepene (cf. Mt 11,5) ; * Kozala mpe na bokebi na makambo ma mokili, mingi mpenza koluka koyeba ntina ya bokeseni mpe bozangi bosembo o bokaboli nkita na kati ya mokili. wana nde kosala mosala mwa profeta o bosangeli Nsango Elamu; * Koyeba kokabola na babola mpasi ya bango, na ntina 'te bobele biso toteya bango te, kasi bango mpe basangela biso Nsango Elamu. * Kozala banso lisanga mpo ya kokolisa bolingani mpe bosalisani o kati ya lingomba. * Kozala na esengo soki lingomba lisengi biso tokende bipai binso na mokili, lokola ba missionnaire ba yambo ba lingomba bapesi biso ndakisa. * Moko moko mpe biso banso lisanga tokoluka ntango inso kobongola motema, lokola Santu Polo akoloba na biso : "bolanda ezalela ya bato ba nse eye te, kasi bokoma bato ba mayele ma sika." (Rm 12,2) (Constitution art.12). == Lingomba lizali kosala mosala wapi? == Lingomba ya Mission likabwani na ba 45 Provinces ntuku inei na itano, na 3 Vice-provinces isato. O molongo mobimba, lingomba lizali kosala na bikolo ntuku mwambi,bikabwani o bituka to continent inso: [[Afrika]], [[Amerika]], [[Autralie]], [[Asia]] (kin'o [[Chine]]) mpe [[Eropa]]. == Tozali boni o kati ya lingomba? == O mobu 1998, lingomba ya Mission lizalaki na ba membre 4193. O kati ya bango. {| |Baepiskopo bazali |29 |- |Banganga-Nzambe |3191 |- |Ba mofulele |203 |- |Ba diakono na bai-likindo basali séminaire interne |770 |} O mibu miye, motango mwa baye bazali kokota na lingomba o bikolo bya Europa mozali moke mpenza. Kasi o bikolo bya Afrika na Amerika ya nse, motango mona mokoli mingi mpenza. == Misala mya lingomba ut'o kala == Engebene na mibeko mya lingomba, * Uto ebandela, lingomba ya Mission lizali koteya ba mission populaire na ba paroisse. * Lingomba lizali mpe kosangela o bikolo biye biyoki naino Nsango Elamu te (mission "ad gentes"). Ezala o bikolo biyebanaka lokola bikolo bya bopalanginyi eyamba to " pays de Mission " (Afrika, Asia, Australie), ezala mpe sik'oyo na [[Albania]], mpe bikolo [[Ukraina]], [[Siberia]], [[Lituania]], [[Tanzania]], [[Bisanga Salomom]], [[Cuba]], [[Taiwan]], [[Mozambique]] na mpe bisusu. * O bikolo biyike, ba Lazariste bazali kokoba mosala mwa bobokoli bilenge o nzela ya bonganga na makindo (ba Séminaire), mingi mpenza bikolo bizangi ba nganga-Nzambe ba bangomei (clergé autochtone). * Basango bazali kosalisa ba Filles de charités na nzela ya molimo, mpe mangomba masusu ya ba laic mabandisami na mosantu Vincent (lokola AIC) to mazali kolanda nzela eye alakisaki o kati ya Eklezya mpe mokili (Société de Saint-Vincent de Paul, Association de la Médaille miraculeuse, Jeunesse Mariale Vincentienne...). * O bikolo bisusu, biteyelo bizali apostolat enene, banda biye bya yambo kin'o biye bya likolo (universités) ([[Philippines]], [[USA]] ). == Mioko misala mya sika == Ba Lazariste basusu bazali kosala elongo na batu bavandi pene na bikunde binene bya bosoto na bingumba (lokola na Payatas, Philippines). Basusu bazali kosalisa bilenge biye batukoli nzotu na bomeli makaya makasi (ba drogué), bato bakobela sida (na Europa), bato bakufa matoi (o Irlande), bitumbe, bana bazali kokola o ba balabala (ba shegué) mpe batu bazangi ndako. Ba Lazariste basusu bazali kosala mpo ya botomboli bomoi na mayele ma batu baye bazali naino na bizaleli bya kala (indigènes), to ya baye bakovandaka esika yoko te (ba Tzigane). O [[Brésil]], ba Lazariste bakosala mpe apostolat pene na batambwisi mituka minene (ba camioneur), baye bakozalaka ntango inso se na nzela. Basusu bazali kosalisa bato bakimi bitumba to kwokoso isusu, (réfugiés), to baye bazangi minkanda ya leta (sans papiers) mpe koteya bilenge bazangi misala. (o Mputu) Bakosala mpe mpo ya bokolisi masanga make ma bakristu to Communautés Ecclésiales de Base, na mpe mpo ya ba laïc baye bakokamba masanga mana. Basusu bakoluka kokolisa lolenge la mosala mosantu Vincent alakisaki o ntei ya biteyelo mpe ya ba université. Basusu bakomipesa o masanga ma bomanyoli bomoi bwa bamibonza, bobokoli bana na bilenge, ntina ya boboyi koyamba (athéisme), nzela ya bopesi mpe bozwi nsango, pastorale ya mabota na mpe masalisi ndenge na ndenge matali ezaleli mpe bomoto. Tokokuta mpe ba Lazariste basusu bakopesa mateya o biteyelo bya bokolisi boyambi mpe bomoto, ezala biye bya ba diocèse, ezala biye bya lingomba lya Mission to mpe biye bya mangomba masusu. == SIEV mpe CIF == Mpo ya bokolisi mposa ya boyekoli bomoi, misala mya mosantu Vincent mpe elimo atikeli biso, lisanga lyoko likelami na nkombo "Secrétariat International d'Etudes Vincentiennes" (SIEV). SIEV ezali kolengele sanza yoko ya mateya (mois vincentien) na Paris mpo ya ba Lazariste (babandi mpe kondima mangomba masusu maye makolandaka ndakisa ya mosantu Vincent). Kaka o mboka Paris, babandisi "Centre International de Formation Saint-Vincent" (CIF). Ezali kopesa mateya ma recyclage mpo ya ba Lazariste bazali na mibu 35 kin'o 50. == Provincce ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Beljika == O ekolo [[Beljika]], ndako ya liboso ya lingomba lya Mission efungwamaki na [[Liège]] na 1902. Ndako ya yambo ya lingomba o Kɔ́ngɔ efungwami na [[Bikoro]] (Mbandaka) na 1926. Na 1929 bafungoli ndako ya [[Leuven]] mpe 1952 eye ya [[Lessines]]. O mobu 1947, ndako inso isangani o Province ya Beljika mpe ''Congo Belge'' ekomi "mission" ya Province ena. O mobu 1991, na botalaka 'te ba Lazariste bazali lisusu mingi te o Beljika mpe awa motango mwa bango mokomi kokola o ekolo [[Kongo|Kɔ́ngɔ]], Bakonzi ba lingomba bazwi mokano mwa bokomisi Kongo Province mpe bobongoli Beljika bo Etuka to Région autonome o kati ya Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ. Ezali na ndimbola enene 'te o bobange bwa ye, province-mama ekoka kokoma o maboko ma mwana oyo ye akolisi na motema monso. === Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ === Province ya Kongo ebandisami na ba Lazariste ya Beljika. Sango [[Félix Dekempeneer]], mobandisi wa mission ya Bikoro, akomi o Kongo o mobu 1925, mpo ya kolengele boyei bwa ba nyango ba ''Filles de la Charité''. Mpe wana bamopesi mosala mwa bosangeli Nsango Elamu o etuka ya Bikoro. O ntango ena, mission ya Bikoro ezalaki na batu soko nkoto ntuku ibale, mpe mbele bakristu bobele nkoto yoko na ndambo to nkoto ibale. O mobu 1959, mission ya Bikoro ekomi Diocesi mpe Mgr [[Camille Vandekerkove]], lazariste, akomaki [[Episkopo]] wa yambo ya Diocesi ena. Basango Lazaristes babandisi ba [[paroisse]] iye: Bikoro St. Vincent wa Paul (1926), [[Irebu]] Notre Dame du Chenal (1928), [[Lukolela]] Sacré-Coeur (1933), [[Bokongo]] Sainte Famille (1936), [[Yumbi]] Christ-Roi (1938), [[Bolobo Notre Dame (1946), [[Itipo]] Saint Joseph (1948), [[Iboko]] Notre Dame de la Médaille Miraculeuse (1956), [[Mooto]] Saint Emille (1962), mpe [[Momboyo]] Martyrs d'ouganda (1963). Ut'o mobu 1975, nsima ya liwa lya Mgr Camille, diocesi ya Bikoro esangani na eye ya [[Mbandaka]]. Nkombo ya diocèse ekomi Archidiocèse de Mbandaka-Bikoro. Liboso o bokambemi bwa Mgr [[Pierre Wijnants]], wa lingomba lya ba Missionnaire du Sacré-Coeur, na nsima o bokambemi bwa Mgr [[Frédéric Etsou]], oyo akomi lelo Cardinal mpe Episkopo wa lokumu wa [[Kinshasa]]. Lelo, Archidiocèse ya Mbandaka-Bikoro ezali o maboko ma Mgr [[Joseph Nkumuondala]]. O mobu 1982, ba Lazaristes bakamati paroisse Notre Dame du Congo na Mbandaka. Nsima bazwaki mpe Paroisse St. Paul Apôtre (1992-1998) na Mbandaka. Bobele o engumba ya Mbandaka, bafungoli ndako "Félix Dekempeneer", eye ekoyangela [[Cité Elikya]] mpo ya kobokolo mpe kosalisa bana to bilenge baye bazangi mosala (1998). Na Kinshasa ba Lazariste bazali kosala o paroisse St Adrien ya Ngaba ut'o mobu 1986. Bobele na Kinshasa, bafungoli ndako ya boyambi basango bazali na lipaya na [[Limete]] (1991). Bazwi mpe mosala mwa bokambi bato ba mpasi na lopitalo St. Joseph. Awa babandi kozwa bana mboka baye balingi kolanda nzela ya mosantu Vincent awa na mboka Kongo, bafungoli ndako ya boyekoli ibale : O mobu 1981, Séminaire Interne (noviciat) "Source de vie" na [[Bokongo]], eye eleki na Itipo ut'o 1994. Na mobu 1985, bafungoli likindo linene to Scolasticat Saint Vincent de Paul, na [[Kimwenza]] (Kinshasa) mpo ya baye bakoyekolaka philosophie mpe théologie. Na moi mwa lelo, Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ ezali na ba missionnaire 34 (ba nganga-Nzambe 32, diakono moko mpe mofulele moko) na bilenge ba likindo 27. Mpo etali bikolo bya bango, ba missionnaire bakabwani boye : 21 bazali ba congolais, 9 polonais, 2 belges, 1 hollandais mpe 1 italien. Ba lazariste congolais babale bazali missionnaire na Algérie mpe na Cameroun. Mosusu asengeli kokenda bo Directeur ya Séminaire interne na [[Kamerun]]. Lazariste polonais moko wa province ya Congo azali kosala mosala na Beljika. Ba Lazariste basusu banei bauti o province ya Kɔ́ngɔ bazali sika kosala o ekolo [[Chine]] (1 hollandais) mpe na [[Haïti]] (2 polonais), mpe na [[Gresi]] (1 polonais). ==== Misala mya ba Lazariste o Kɔ́ngɔ ==== O Archidiocese ya Mbandaka-Bikoro, basango ba Lazariste bazali kokamba ba paroisse mwambi (8). Mosala mwa bango motali mingi mpenza: * Bokolisi bakristu o nzela ya boyambi, o kati ya masanga make to Communauté Ecclésiale de Base (CEB), engebene na mwango mwa Eklezya ya Kɔ́ngɔ. * Bopesi mateya na bakatekisi to na ba laïc basusu baponami mpo ya kokamba masanga ma bakristu o mboka. Mateya mango makopesama mpo ya mobu moko na "Centre de Formation chrétienne de Bikoro". Epai esusu, "Centre d'Animation Missionnaire" ezali koteya ba mission populaire mpe kolengele ba laïc mpe bakambi ba mangomba ma apostolat. * Misala mya botomboli bomoto mpe mboka; bolendisi o misala mya bilanga; botongi biteyelo mpe Ndako-Nzambe o mboka na mpe misala misusu ndenge na ndenge miye mitali bolamu bwa bato Bo bana ba Santu Vincent, ba Lazariste bazali kotiya motema mpe na boluki nzela kani bakoki kosalisa bilenge bazangi mosala (Cité Elikya na Mbandaka) na mpe bato ba mpasi (Lopitalo St. Joseph na Kinshasa). Lokola bazali o libota linene lya Santu Vincent, ba Lazariste bazali kosala manso mpo ya bokolisi bomoko o kati ya bango na mangomba masusu maye mazali kolanda ndakisa ya Santu Vincent (ndakisa : Filles de la Charité, Religieux de St. Vincent de Paul na basusu bayike). Bayangeli ba mangomba mana manso bakokutanaka mbala na mbala na Kinshasa mpo ya mateya mpe bisambo. Mosala mwa bango o kati ya ba Laïc baye bazali kolanda mpe ndakisa ya Santu Vincent mozali komonana mingi mpenza na nzela ya lingomba to "Association de la Médaille Miraculeuse", eye euti kobanda awa na Congo, na nzela ya Société de Saint Vincent de Paul, Jeunesse Mariale Vincentienne, na mpe masanga masusu malandi mosantu Vincent. === Région ya Beljika === ==== Leuven ==== Ndako ya Leuven ekosalaka mosala mwa "procure" mpo ya Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ : Bosombi mpe botindi biloko mpo ya ba Lazariste bazali o Kongo. Ndako ya boyambi ba Lazaristes baye bayei kopemisa nzoto (bazali na congé) to mpe baye bazali kobela. Ndako ya bopemi mpo ya bandeko baye bakomi mibange to baye bazali kobela. Ba Lazariste baye bavandi o ndako ya Leuven bazali mpe kosala misala na lopitalo (lokola aumônier to lokola volontaire), bakotalaka batu baye bazali na mikakatano, bakosanganaka na mangomba ya losambo (groupes de prière) mpe bakosalisaka ba Filles de la Charité baye bakolobaka flamand. ==== Lessines ==== Ndako-Nzambe ya Lessines esalemi na bokundoli bomilakisi bwa Ngondo Mosantu Maria na rue du Bac (Paris). Mokolo mwa yambo mwa poso inso, lisanga Association de la Médaille Miraculeuse likosambelaka losambo la novena (na 20h ). Tokoyambaka mpe bakristu balingi koleka o sanctuaire (ba pèlerin), ezala moto moko moko to mpe lisanga. Poso nyonso ya nsuka ya sanza ya mitano, tosalaka losambo lonene la novena o bokambemi bwa nganga-Nzambe moko auti epai esusu mpo ya kolendisa bana ba Mama Maria. Bokutani bona bwa losambo bokosangisaka bandeko banso ba Belgique baye bamesani koya epai ya Mama. Lokasa to revue mensuelle moko (2000 exemplaires) lozali kosangisa bayebani ba biso banso. Ndako-Nzambe ya biso esalaka mpe misala minso mikosalemaka o paroisse. Moko wa ba nganga-Nzambe ba sanctuaire azali na kati ya baye bakoteyaka o ba paroisse ya doyenné ya Lessines. ==== Liège ==== Maison "ad instar domus" Ba Lazariste ba Liège bavandi esika yoko te, kasi bazali motema moko na mosala : Na bosalisi banyango ba Filles de la Charité, mangomba ma bilenge mpe na boteyi bakristu na ba ndako. Na bosalisi baye bayei lipaya na Belgique (immigrés) na mpe baye bakimi bitumba na mobulu o mboka ya bango (réfugiés). Tozali kosalisa bango na biloko, kobunda mpo ya makoki mpe bomoto ya bango. {| class="WSerieV" id="WSerie_Christianisme" tableborder="1" cellspacing="0" style="padding: 0.3em; float:right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 5px 1em; border:1px solid #669966; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; background:#BBCCCC; text-align:center;" {{Religions}} |} [[category:relijió]] [[category:boklísto]] 8374 2006-06-12T10:58:58Z 160.85.2.50 de: en: fr: nl: pt: ru: [[Image:StVdP.jpg|thumb|Santu Vincent wa Paul]] '''Congrégation de la Mission (Lazariste)''' ebandi o mobu 1625 o mboka [[Paris]]. Kasi ut'o ebandela, mosala mwa lingomba lina moyebanaki mpe o bikolo bisusu. Lingomba ya Mission lisangisi ba nganga-[[Nzambe]] na mpe ba mofulele. Bango batangemi ba ''Religieux'' te, ata ko bakosalaka bilako. Likanisi ya Mosantu [[Vincent wa Paul]] lizalaki 'te akoka kobongisa lingomba lyoko na ntina ya kozala mpe kosala mosala lisanga na bato banso ba mokili. Engebene na mibeko mya Eklezya, bakotanga lyango "société de vie apostolique". == Ntina ya lingomba == Lingomba lya Mission lizali kosangela nsango elamu na babola, na nguya ya elimo ya [[Kristu]]. Mosala mokotinda ba Lazariste bazala na bizaleli biye : * Kolinga kosala liboso mpenza kati ya babola : bosangeli Nsango Elamu na babola, yango nde elembo'te bokonzi bwa likolo bokomi penepene (cf. Mt 11,5) ; * Kozala mpe na bokebi na makambo ma mokili, mingi mpenza koluka koyeba ntina ya bokeseni mpe bozangi bosembo o bokaboli nkita na kati ya mokili. wana nde kosala mosala mwa profeta o bosangeli Nsango Elamu; * Koyeba kokabola na babola mpasi ya bango, na ntina 'te bobele biso toteya bango te, kasi bango mpe basangela biso Nsango Elamu. * Kozala banso lisanga mpo ya kokolisa bolingani mpe bosalisani o kati ya lingomba. * Kozala na esengo soki lingomba lisengi biso tokende bipai binso na mokili, lokola ba missionnaire ba yambo ba lingomba bapesi biso ndakisa. * Moko moko mpe biso banso lisanga tokoluka ntango inso kobongola motema, lokola Santu Polo akoloba na biso : "bolanda ezalela ya bato ba nse eye te, kasi bokoma bato ba mayele ma sika." (Rm 12,2) (Constitution art.12). == Lingomba lizali kosala mosala wapi? == Lingomba ya Mission likabwani na ba 45 Provinces ntuku inei na itano, na 3 Vice-provinces isato. O molongo mobimba, lingomba lizali kosala na bikolo ntuku mwambi,bikabwani o bituka to continent inso: [[Afrika]], [[Amerika]], [[Autralie]], [[Asia]] (kin'o [[Chine]]) mpe [[Eropa]]. == Tozali boni o kati ya lingomba? == O mobu 1998, lingomba ya Mission lizalaki na ba membre 4193. O kati ya bango. {| |Baepiskopo bazali |29 |- |Banganga-Nzambe |3191 |- |Ba mofulele |203 |- |Ba diakono na bai-likindo basali séminaire interne |770 |} O mibu miye, motango mwa baye bazali kokota na lingomba o bikolo bya Europa mozali moke mpenza. Kasi o bikolo bya Afrika na Amerika ya nse, motango mona mokoli mingi mpenza. == Misala mya lingomba ut'o kala == Engebene na mibeko mya lingomba, * Uto ebandela, lingomba ya Mission lizali koteya ba mission populaire na ba paroisse. * Lingomba lizali mpe kosangela o bikolo biye biyoki naino Nsango Elamu te (mission "ad gentes"). Ezala o bikolo biyebanaka lokola bikolo bya bopalanginyi eyamba to " pays de Mission " (Afrika, Asia, Australie), ezala mpe sik'oyo na [[Albania]], mpe bikolo [[Ukraina]], [[Siberia]], [[Lituania]], [[Tanzania]], [[Bisanga Salomom]], [[Cuba]], [[Taiwan]], [[Mozambique]] na mpe bisusu. * O bikolo biyike, ba Lazariste bazali kokoba mosala mwa bobokoli bilenge o nzela ya bonganga na makindo (ba Séminaire), mingi mpenza bikolo bizangi ba nganga-Nzambe ba bangomei (clergé autochtone). * Basango bazali kosalisa ba Filles de charités na nzela ya molimo, mpe mangomba masusu ya ba laic mabandisami na mosantu Vincent (lokola AIC) to mazali kolanda nzela eye alakisaki o kati ya Eklezya mpe mokili (Société de Saint-Vincent de Paul, Association de la Médaille miraculeuse, Jeunesse Mariale Vincentienne...). * O bikolo bisusu, biteyelo bizali apostolat enene, banda biye bya yambo kin'o biye bya likolo (universités) ([[Philippines]], [[USA]] ). == Mioko misala mya sika == Ba Lazariste basusu bazali kosala elongo na batu bavandi pene na bikunde binene bya bosoto na bingumba (lokola na Payatas, Philippines). Basusu bazali kosalisa bilenge biye batukoli nzotu na bomeli makaya makasi (ba drogué), bato bakobela sida (na Europa), bato bakufa matoi (o Irlande), bitumbe, bana bazali kokola o ba balabala (ba shegué) mpe batu bazangi ndako. Ba Lazariste basusu bazali kosala mpo ya botomboli bomoi na mayele ma batu baye bazali naino na bizaleli bya kala (indigènes), to ya baye bakovandaka esika yoko te (ba Tzigane). O [[Brésil]], ba Lazariste bakosala mpe apostolat pene na batambwisi mituka minene (ba camioneur), baye bakozalaka ntango inso se na nzela. Basusu bazali kosalisa bato bakimi bitumba to kwokoso isusu, (réfugiés), to baye bazangi minkanda ya leta (sans papiers) mpe koteya bilenge bazangi misala. (o Mputu) Bakosala mpe mpo ya bokolisi masanga make ma bakristu to Communautés Ecclésiales de Base, na mpe mpo ya ba laïc baye bakokamba masanga mana. Basusu bakoluka kokolisa lolenge la mosala mosantu Vincent alakisaki o ntei ya biteyelo mpe ya ba université. Basusu bakomipesa o masanga ma bomanyoli bomoi bwa bamibonza, bobokoli bana na bilenge, ntina ya boboyi koyamba (athéisme), nzela ya bopesi mpe bozwi nsango, pastorale ya mabota na mpe masalisi ndenge na ndenge matali ezaleli mpe bomoto. Tokokuta mpe ba Lazariste basusu bakopesa mateya o biteyelo bya bokolisi boyambi mpe bomoto, ezala biye bya ba diocèse, ezala biye bya lingomba lya Mission to mpe biye bya mangomba masusu. == SIEV mpe CIF == Mpo ya bokolisi mposa ya boyekoli bomoi, misala mya mosantu Vincent mpe elimo atikeli biso, lisanga lyoko likelami na nkombo "Secrétariat International d'Etudes Vincentiennes" (SIEV). SIEV ezali kolengele sanza yoko ya mateya (mois vincentien) na Paris mpo ya ba Lazariste (babandi mpe kondima mangomba masusu maye makolandaka ndakisa ya mosantu Vincent). Kaka o mboka Paris, babandisi "Centre International de Formation Saint-Vincent" (CIF). Ezali kopesa mateya ma recyclage mpo ya ba Lazariste bazali na mibu 35 kin'o 50. == Provincce ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Beljika == O ekolo [[Beljika]], ndako ya liboso ya lingomba lya Mission efungwamaki na [[Liège]] na 1902. Ndako ya yambo ya lingomba o Kɔ́ngɔ efungwami na [[Bikoro]] (Mbandaka) na 1926. Na 1929 bafungoli ndako ya [[Leuven]] mpe 1952 eye ya [[Lessines]]. O mobu 1947, ndako inso isangani o Province ya Beljika mpe ''Congo Belge'' ekomi "mission" ya Province ena. O mobu 1991, na botalaka 'te ba Lazariste bazali lisusu mingi te o Beljika mpe awa motango mwa bango mokomi kokola o ekolo [[Kongo|Kɔ́ngɔ]], Bakonzi ba lingomba bazwi mokano mwa bokomisi Kongo Province mpe bobongoli Beljika bo Etuka to Région autonome o kati ya Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ. Ezali na ndimbola enene 'te o bobange bwa ye, province-mama ekoka kokoma o maboko ma mwana oyo ye akolisi na motema monso. === Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ === Province ya Kongo ebandisami na ba Lazariste ya Beljika. Sango [[Félix Dekempeneer]], mobandisi wa mission ya Bikoro, akomi o Kongo o mobu 1925, mpo ya kolengele boyei bwa ba nyango ba ''Filles de la Charité''. Mpe wana bamopesi mosala mwa bosangeli Nsango Elamu o etuka ya Bikoro. O ntango ena, mission ya Bikoro ezalaki na batu soko nkoto ntuku ibale, mpe mbele bakristu bobele nkoto yoko na ndambo to nkoto ibale. O mobu 1959, mission ya Bikoro ekomi Diocesi mpe Mgr [[Camille Vandekerkove]], lazariste, akomaki [[Episkopo]] wa yambo ya Diocesi ena. Basango Lazaristes babandisi ba [[paroisse]] iye: Bikoro St. Vincent wa Paul (1926), [[Irebu]] Notre Dame du Chenal (1928), [[Lukolela]] Sacré-Coeur (1933), [[Bokongo]] Sainte Famille (1936), [[Yumbi]] Christ-Roi (1938), [[Bolobo Notre Dame (1946), [[Itipo]] Saint Joseph (1948), [[Iboko]] Notre Dame de la Médaille Miraculeuse (1956), [[Mooto]] Saint Emille (1962), mpe [[Momboyo]] Martyrs d'ouganda (1963). Ut'o mobu 1975, nsima ya liwa lya Mgr Camille, diocesi ya Bikoro esangani na eye ya [[Mbandaka]]. Nkombo ya diocèse ekomi Archidiocèse de Mbandaka-Bikoro. Liboso o bokambemi bwa Mgr [[Pierre Wijnants]], wa lingomba lya ba Missionnaire du Sacré-Coeur, na nsima o bokambemi bwa Mgr [[Frédéric Etsou]], oyo akomi lelo Cardinal mpe Episkopo wa lokumu wa [[Kinshasa]]. Lelo, Archidiocèse ya Mbandaka-Bikoro ezali o maboko ma Mgr [[Joseph Nkumuondala]]. O mobu 1982, ba Lazaristes bakamati paroisse Notre Dame du Congo na Mbandaka. Nsima bazwaki mpe Paroisse St. Paul Apôtre (1992-1998) na Mbandaka. Bobele o engumba ya Mbandaka, bafungoli ndako "Félix Dekempeneer", eye ekoyangela [[Cité Elikya]] mpo ya kobokolo mpe kosalisa bana to bilenge baye bazangi mosala (1998). Na Kinshasa ba Lazariste bazali kosala o paroisse St Adrien ya Ngaba ut'o mobu 1986. Bobele na Kinshasa, bafungoli ndako ya boyambi basango bazali na lipaya na [[Limete]] (1991). Bazwi mpe mosala mwa bokambi bato ba mpasi na lopitalo St. Joseph. Awa babandi kozwa bana mboka baye balingi kolanda nzela ya mosantu Vincent awa na mboka Kongo, bafungoli ndako ya boyekoli ibale : O mobu 1981, Séminaire Interne (noviciat) "Source de vie" na [[Bokongo]], eye eleki na Itipo ut'o 1994. Na mobu 1985, bafungoli likindo linene to Scolasticat Saint Vincent de Paul, na [[Kimwenza]] (Kinshasa) mpo ya baye bakoyekolaka philosophie mpe théologie. Na moi mwa lelo, Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ ezali na ba missionnaire 34 (ba nganga-Nzambe 32, diakono moko mpe mofulele moko) na bilenge ba likindo 27. Mpo etali bikolo bya bango, ba missionnaire bakabwani boye : 21 bazali ba congolais, 9 polonais, 2 belges, 1 hollandais mpe 1 italien. Ba lazariste congolais babale bazali missionnaire na Algérie mpe na Cameroun. Mosusu asengeli kokenda bo Directeur ya Séminaire interne na [[Kamerun]]. Lazariste polonais moko wa province ya Congo azali kosala mosala na Beljika. Ba Lazariste basusu banei bauti o province ya Kɔ́ngɔ bazali sika kosala o ekolo [[Chine]] (1 hollandais) mpe na [[Haïti]] (2 polonais), mpe na [[Gresi]] (1 polonais). ==== Misala mya ba Lazariste o Kɔ́ngɔ ==== O Archidiocese ya Mbandaka-Bikoro, basango ba Lazariste bazali kokamba ba paroisse mwambi (8). Mosala mwa bango motali mingi mpenza: * Bokolisi bakristu o nzela ya boyambi, o kati ya masanga make to Communauté Ecclésiale de Base (CEB), engebene na mwango mwa Eklezya ya Kɔ́ngɔ. * Bopesi mateya na bakatekisi to na ba laïc basusu baponami mpo ya kokamba masanga ma bakristu o mboka. Mateya mango makopesama mpo ya mobu moko na "Centre de Formation chrétienne de Bikoro". Epai esusu, "Centre d'Animation Missionnaire" ezali koteya ba mission populaire mpe kolengele ba laïc mpe bakambi ba mangomba ma apostolat. * Misala mya botomboli bomoto mpe mboka; bolendisi o misala mya bilanga; botongi biteyelo mpe Ndako-Nzambe o mboka na mpe misala misusu ndenge na ndenge miye mitali bolamu bwa bato Bo bana ba Santu Vincent, ba Lazariste bazali kotiya motema mpe na boluki nzela kani bakoki kosalisa bilenge bazangi mosala (Cité Elikya na Mbandaka) na mpe bato ba mpasi (Lopitalo St. Joseph na Kinshasa). Lokola bazali o libota linene lya Santu Vincent, ba Lazariste bazali kosala manso mpo ya bokolisi bomoko o kati ya bango na mangomba masusu maye mazali kolanda ndakisa ya Santu Vincent (ndakisa : Filles de la Charité, Religieux de St. Vincent de Paul na basusu bayike). Bayangeli ba mangomba mana manso bakokutanaka mbala na mbala na Kinshasa mpo ya mateya mpe bisambo. Mosala mwa bango o kati ya ba Laïc baye bazali kolanda mpe ndakisa ya Santu Vincent mozali komonana mingi mpenza na nzela ya lingomba to "Association de la Médaille Miraculeuse", eye euti kobanda awa na Congo, na nzela ya Société de Saint Vincent de Paul, Jeunesse Mariale Vincentienne, na mpe masanga masusu malandi mosantu Vincent. === Région ya Beljika === ==== Leuven ==== Ndako ya Leuven ekosalaka mosala mwa "procure" mpo ya Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ : Bosombi mpe botindi biloko mpo ya ba Lazariste bazali o Kongo. Ndako ya boyambi ba Lazaristes baye bayei kopemisa nzoto (bazali na congé) to mpe baye bazali kobela. Ndako ya bopemi mpo ya bandeko baye bakomi mibange to baye bazali kobela. Ba Lazariste baye bavandi o ndako ya Leuven bazali mpe kosala misala na lopitalo (lokola aumônier to lokola volontaire), bakotalaka batu baye bazali na mikakatano, bakosanganaka na mangomba ya losambo (groupes de prière) mpe bakosalisaka ba Filles de la Charité baye bakolobaka flamand. ==== Lessines ==== Ndako-Nzambe ya Lessines esalemi na bokundoli bomilakisi bwa Ngondo Mosantu Maria na rue du Bac (Paris). Mokolo mwa yambo mwa poso inso, lisanga Association de la Médaille Miraculeuse likosambelaka losambo la novena (na 20h ). Tokoyambaka mpe bakristu balingi koleka o sanctuaire (ba pèlerin), ezala moto moko moko to mpe lisanga. Poso nyonso ya nsuka ya sanza ya mitano, tosalaka losambo lonene la novena o bokambemi bwa nganga-Nzambe moko auti epai esusu mpo ya kolendisa bana ba Mama Maria. Bokutani bona bwa losambo bokosangisaka bandeko banso ba Belgique baye bamesani koya epai ya Mama. Lokasa to revue mensuelle moko (2000 exemplaires) lozali kosangisa bayebani ba biso banso. Ndako-Nzambe ya biso esalaka mpe misala minso mikosalemaka o paroisse. Moko wa ba nganga-Nzambe ba sanctuaire azali na kati ya baye bakoteyaka o ba paroisse ya doyenné ya Lessines. ==== Liège ==== Maison "ad instar domus" Ba Lazariste ba Liège bavandi esika yoko te, kasi bazali motema moko na mosala : Na bosalisi banyango ba Filles de la Charité, mangomba ma bilenge mpe na boteyi bakristu na ba ndako. Na bosalisi baye bayei lipaya na Belgique (immigrés) na mpe baye bakimi bitumba na mobulu o mboka ya bango (réfugiés). Tozali kosalisa bango na biloko, kobunda mpo ya makoki mpe bomoto ya bango. {| class="WSerieV" id="WSerie_Christianisme" tableborder="1" cellspacing="0" style="padding: 0.3em; float:right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 5px 1em; border:1px solid #669966; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; background:#BBCCCC; text-align:center;" {{Religions}} |} [[category:relijió]] [[category:boklísto]] [[de:Lazaristen]] [[en:Lazarists]] [[fr:Lazaristes]] [[nl:Lazaristen]] [[pt:Congregação da Missão]] [[ru:Лазаристы]] 8375 2006-06-12T11:05:43Z 160.85.2.50 typo; zh: [[Image:StVdP.jpg|thumb|Santu Vincent wa Paul]] '''Congrégation de la Mission (Lazariste)''' ebandi o mobu 1625 o mboka [[Pari]]. Kasi ut'o ebandela, mosala mwa lingomba lina moyebanaki mpe o bikolo bisusu. Lingomba ya Mission lisangisi ba nganga-[[Nzambe]] na mpe ba mofulele. Bango batangemi ba ''Religieux'' te, ata ko bakosalaka bilako. Likanisi ya Mosantu [[Vincent wa Paul]] lizalaki 'te akoka kobongisa lingomba lyoko na ntina ya kozala mpe kosala mosala lisanga na bato banso ba mokili. Engebene na mibeko mya Eklezya, bakotanga lyango "société de vie apostolique". == Ntina ya lingomba == Lingomba lya Mission lizali kosangela nsango elamu na babola, na nguya ya elimo ya [[Yésu|Yésu Kristu]]. Mosala mokotinda ba Lazariste bazala na bizaleli biye : * Kolinga kosala liboso mpenza kati ya babola : bosangeli Nsango Elamu na babola, yango nde elembo'te bokonzi bwa likolo bokomi penepene (cf. Mt 11,5) ; * Kozala mpe na bokebi na makambo ma mokili, mingi mpenza koluka koyeba ntina ya bokeseni mpe bozangi bosembo o bokaboli nkita na kati ya mokili. wana nde kosala mosala mwa profeta o bosangeli Nsango Elamu; * Koyeba kokabola na babola mpasi ya bango, na ntina 'te bobele biso toteya bango te, kasi bango mpe basangela biso Nsango Elamu. * Kozala banso lisanga mpo ya kokolisa bolingani mpe bosalisani o kati ya lingomba. * Kozala na esengo soki lingomba lisengi biso tokende bipai binso na mokili, lokola ba missionnaire ba yambo ba lingomba bapesi biso ndakisa. * Moko moko mpe biso banso lisanga tokoluka ntango inso kobongola motema, lokola Santu Polo akoloba na biso : "bolanda ezalela ya bato ba nse eye te, kasi bokoma bato ba mayele ma sika." (Rm 12,2) (Constitution art.12). == Lingomba lizali kosala mosala wapi? == Lingomba ya Mission likabwani na ba 45 Provinces ntuku inei na itano, na 3 Vice-provinces isato. O molongo mobimba, lingomba lizali kosala na bikolo ntuku mwambi,bikabwani o bituka to continent inso: [[Afrika]], [[Amerika]], [[Autralie]], [[Asia]] (kin'o [[Chine]]) mpe [[Eropa]]. == Tozali boni o kati ya lingomba? == O mobu 1998, lingomba ya Mission lizalaki na ba membre 4193. O kati ya bango. {| |Baepiskopo bazali |29 |- |Banganga-Nzambe |3191 |- |Ba mofulele |203 |- |Ba diakono na bai-likindo basali séminaire interne |770 |} O mibu miye, motango mwa baye bazali kokota na lingomba o bikolo bya Europa mozali moke mpenza. Kasi o bikolo bya Afrika na Amerika ya nse, motango mona mokoli mingi mpenza. == Misala mya lingomba ut'o kala == Engebene na mibeko mya lingomba, * Uto ebandela, lingomba ya Mission lizali koteya ba mission populaire na ba paroisse. * Lingomba lizali mpe kosangela o bikolo biye biyoki naino Nsango Elamu te (mission "ad gentes"). Ezala o bikolo biyebanaka lokola bikolo bya bopalanginyi eyamba to " pays de Mission " (Afrika, Asia, Australie), ezala mpe sik'oyo na [[Albania]], mpe bikolo [[Ukraina]], [[Siberia]], [[Lituania]], [[Tanzania]], [[Bisanga Salomom]], [[Cuba]], [[Taiwan]], [[Mozambique]] na mpe bisusu. * O bikolo biyike, ba Lazariste bazali kokoba mosala mwa bobokoli bilenge o nzela ya bonganga na makindo (ba Séminaire), mingi mpenza bikolo bizangi ba nganga-Nzambe ba bangomei (clergé autochtone). * Basango bazali kosalisa ba Filles de charités na nzela ya molimo, mpe mangomba masusu ya ba laic mabandisami na mosantu Vincent (lokola AIC) to mazali kolanda nzela eye alakisaki o kati ya Eklezya mpe mokili (Société de Saint-Vincent de Paul, Association de la Médaille miraculeuse, Jeunesse Mariale Vincentienne...). * O bikolo bisusu, biteyelo bizali apostolat enene, banda biye bya yambo kin'o biye bya likolo (universités) ([[Philippines]], [[USA]] ). == Mioko misala mya sika == Ba Lazariste basusu bazali kosala elongo na batu bavandi pene na bikunde binene bya bosoto na bingumba (lokola na Payatas, Philippines). Basusu bazali kosalisa bilenge biye batukoli nzotu na bomeli makaya makasi (ba drogué), bato bakobela sida (na Europa), bato bakufa matoi (o Irlande), bitumbe, bana bazali kokola o ba balabala (ba shegué) mpe batu bazangi ndako. Ba Lazariste basusu bazali kosala mpo ya botomboli bomoi na mayele ma batu baye bazali naino na bizaleli bya kala (indigènes), to ya baye bakovandaka esika yoko te (ba Tzigane). O [[Brésil]], ba Lazariste bakosala mpe apostolat pene na batambwisi mituka minene (ba camioneur), baye bakozalaka ntango inso se na nzela. Basusu bazali kosalisa bato bakimi bitumba to kwokoso isusu, (réfugiés), to baye bazangi minkanda ya leta (sans papiers) mpe koteya bilenge bazangi misala. (o Mputu) Bakosala mpe mpo ya bokolisi masanga make ma bakristu to Communautés Ecclésiales de Base, na mpe mpo ya ba laïc baye bakokamba masanga mana. Basusu bakoluka kokolisa lolenge la mosala mosantu Vincent alakisaki o ntei ya biteyelo mpe ya ba université. Basusu bakomipesa o masanga ma bomanyoli bomoi bwa bamibonza, bobokoli bana na bilenge, ntina ya boboyi koyamba (athéisme), nzela ya bopesi mpe bozwi nsango, pastorale ya mabota na mpe masalisi ndenge na ndenge matali ezaleli mpe bomoto. Tokokuta mpe ba Lazariste basusu bakopesa mateya o biteyelo bya bokolisi boyambi mpe bomoto, ezala biye bya ba diocèse, ezala biye bya lingomba lya Mission to mpe biye bya mangomba masusu. == SIEV mpe CIF == Mpo ya bokolisi mposa ya boyekoli bomoi, misala mya mosantu Vincent mpe elimo atikeli biso, lisanga lyoko likelami na nkombo "Secrétariat International d'Etudes Vincentiennes" (SIEV). SIEV ezali kolengele sanza yoko ya mateya (mois vincentien) na [[Pari]] mpo ya ba Lazariste (babandi mpe kondima mangomba masusu maye makolandaka ndakisa ya mosantu Vincent). Kaka o mboka Paris, babandisi "Centre International de Formation Saint-Vincent" (CIF). Ezali kopesa mateya ma recyclage mpo ya ba Lazariste bazali na mibu 35 kin'o 50. == Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Beljika == O ekolo [[Beljika]], ndako ya liboso ya lingomba lya Mission efungwamaki na [[Liège]] na 1902. Ndako ya yambo ya lingomba o Kɔ́ngɔ efungwami na [[Bikoro]] (Mbandaka) na 1926. Na 1929 bafungoli ndako ya [[Leuven]] mpe 1952 eye ya [[Lessines]]. O mobu 1947, ndako inso isangani o Province ya Beljika mpe ''Congo Belge'' ekomi "mission" ya Province ena. O mobu 1991, na botalaka 'te ba Lazariste bazali lisusu mingi te o Beljika mpe awa motango mwa bango mokomi kokola o ekolo [[Kongo|Kɔ́ngɔ]], Bakonzi ba lingomba bazwi mokano mwa bokomisi Kongo Province mpe bobongoli Beljika bo Etuka to Région autonome o kati ya Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ. Ezali na ndimbola enene 'te o bobange bwa ye, province-mama ekoka kokoma o maboko ma mwana oyo ye akolisi na motema monso. === Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ === Province ya Kongo ebandisami na ba Lazariste ya Beljika. Sango [[Félix Dekempeneer]], mobandisi wa mission ya Bikoro, akomi o Kongo o mobu 1925, mpo ya kolengele boyei bwa ba nyango ba ''Filles de la Charité''. Mpe wana bamopesi mosala mwa bosangeli Nsango Elamu o etuka ya Bikoro. O ntango ena, mission ya Bikoro ezalaki na batu soko nkoto ntuku ibale, mpe mbele bakristu bobele nkoto yoko na ndambo to nkoto ibale. O mobu 1959, mission ya Bikoro ekomi Diocesi mpe Mgr [[Camille Vandekerkove]], lazariste, akomaki [[Episkopo]] wa yambo ya Diocesi ena. Basango Lazaristes babandisi ba [[paroisse]] iye: Bikoro St. Vincent wa Paul (1926), [[Irebu]] Notre Dame du Chenal (1928), [[Lukolela]] Sacré-Coeur (1933), [[Bokongo]] Sainte Famille (1936), [[Yumbi]] Christ-Roi (1938), [[Bolobo Notre Dame (1946), [[Itipo]] Saint Joseph (1948), [[Iboko]] Notre Dame de la Médaille Miraculeuse (1956), [[Mooto]] Saint Emille (1962), mpe [[Momboyo]] Martyrs d'ouganda (1963). Ut'o mobu 1975, nsima ya liwa lya Mgr Camille, diocesi ya Bikoro esangani na eye ya [[Mbandaka]]. Nkombo ya diocèse ekomi Archidiocèse de Mbandaka-Bikoro. Liboso o bokambemi bwa Mgr [[Pierre Wijnants]], wa lingomba lya ba Missionnaire du Sacré-Coeur, na nsima o bokambemi bwa Mgr [[Frédéric Etsou]], oyo akomi lelo Cardinal mpe Episkopo wa lokumu wa [[Kinshasa]]. Lelo, Archidiocèse ya Mbandaka-Bikoro ezali o maboko ma Mgr [[Joseph Nkumuondala]]. O mobu 1982, ba Lazaristes bakamati paroisse Notre Dame du Congo na Mbandaka. Nsima bazwaki mpe Paroisse St. Paul Apôtre (1992-1998) na Mbandaka. Bobele o engumba ya Mbandaka, bafungoli ndako "Félix Dekempeneer", eye ekoyangela [[Cité Elikya]] mpo ya kobokolo mpe kosalisa bana to bilenge baye bazangi mosala (1998). Na Kinshasa ba Lazariste bazali kosala o paroisse St Adrien ya Ngaba ut'o mobu 1986. Bobele na Kinshasa, bafungoli ndako ya boyambi basango bazali na lipaya na [[Limete]] (1991). Bazwi mpe mosala mwa bokambi bato ba mpasi na lopitalo St. Joseph. Awa babandi kozwa bana mboka baye balingi kolanda nzela ya mosantu Vincent awa na mboka Kongo, bafungoli ndako ya boyekoli ibale : O mobu 1981, Séminaire Interne (noviciat) "Source de vie" na [[Bokongo]], eye eleki na Itipo ut'o 1994. Na mobu 1985, bafungoli likindo linene to Scolasticat Saint Vincent de Paul, na [[Kimwenza]] (Kinshasa) mpo ya baye bakoyekolaka philosophie mpe théologie. Na moi mwa lelo, Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ ezali na ba missionnaire 34 (ba nganga-Nzambe 32, diakono moko mpe mofulele moko) na bilenge ba likindo 27. Mpo etali bikolo bya bango, ba missionnaire bakabwani boye : 21 bazali ba congolais, 9 polonais, 2 belges, 1 hollandais mpe 1 italien. Ba lazariste congolais babale bazali missionnaire na Algérie mpe na Cameroun. Mosusu asengeli kokenda bo Directeur ya Séminaire interne na [[Kamerun]]. Lazariste polonais moko wa province ya Congo azali kosala mosala na Beljika. Ba Lazariste basusu banei bauti o province ya Kɔ́ngɔ bazali sika kosala o ekolo [[Chine]] (1 hollandais) mpe na [[Haïti]] (2 polonais), mpe na [[Gresi]] (1 polonais). ==== Misala mya ba Lazariste o Kɔ́ngɔ ==== O Archidiocese ya Mbandaka-Bikoro, basango ba Lazariste bazali kokamba ba paroisse mwambi (8). Mosala mwa bango motali mingi mpenza: * Bokolisi bakristu o nzela ya boyambi, o kati ya masanga make to Communauté Ecclésiale de Base (CEB), engebene na mwango mwa Eklezya ya Kɔ́ngɔ. * Bopesi mateya na bakatekisi to na ba laïc basusu baponami mpo ya kokamba masanga ma bakristu o mboka. Mateya mango makopesama mpo ya mobu moko na "Centre de Formation chrétienne de Bikoro". Epai esusu, "Centre d'Animation Missionnaire" ezali koteya ba mission populaire mpe kolengele ba laïc mpe bakambi ba mangomba ma apostolat. * Misala mya botomboli bomoto mpe mboka; bolendisi o misala mya bilanga; botongi biteyelo mpe Ndako-Nzambe o mboka na mpe misala misusu ndenge na ndenge miye mitali bolamu bwa bato Bo bana ba Santu Vincent, ba Lazariste bazali kotiya motema mpe na boluki nzela kani bakoki kosalisa bilenge bazangi mosala (Cité Elikya na Mbandaka) na mpe bato ba mpasi (Lopitalo St. Joseph na Kinshasa). Lokola bazali o libota linene lya Santu Vincent, ba Lazariste bazali kosala manso mpo ya bokolisi bomoko o kati ya bango na mangomba masusu maye mazali kolanda ndakisa ya Santu Vincent (ndakisa : Filles de la Charité, Religieux de St. Vincent de Paul na basusu bayike). Bayangeli ba mangomba mana manso bakokutanaka mbala na mbala na Kinshasa mpo ya mateya mpe bisambo. Mosala mwa bango o kati ya ba Laïc baye bazali kolanda mpe ndakisa ya Santu Vincent mozali komonana mingi mpenza na nzela ya lingomba to "Association de la Médaille Miraculeuse", eye euti kobanda awa na Congo, na nzela ya Société de Saint Vincent de Paul, Jeunesse Mariale Vincentienne, na mpe masanga masusu malandi mosantu Vincent. === Région ya Beljika === ==== Leuven ==== Ndako ya Leuven ekosalaka mosala mwa "procure" mpo ya Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ : Bosombi mpe botindi biloko mpo ya ba Lazariste bazali o Kongo. Ndako ya boyambi ba Lazaristes baye bayei kopemisa nzoto (bazali na congé) to mpe baye bazali kobela. Ndako ya bopemi mpo ya bandeko baye bakomi mibange to baye bazali kobela. Ba Lazariste baye bavandi o ndako ya Leuven bazali mpe kosala misala na lopitalo (lokola aumônier to lokola volontaire), bakotalaka batu baye bazali na mikakatano, bakosanganaka na mangomba ya losambo (groupes de prière) mpe bakosalisaka ba Filles de la Charité baye bakolobaka flamand. ==== Lessines ==== Ndako-Nzambe ya Lessines esalemi na bokundoli bomilakisi bwa Ngondo Mosantu Maria na rue du Bac (Paris). Mokolo mwa yambo mwa poso inso, lisanga Association de la Médaille Miraculeuse likosambelaka losambo la novena (na 20h ). Tokoyambaka mpe bakristu balingi koleka o sanctuaire (ba pèlerin), ezala moto moko moko to mpe lisanga. Poso nyonso ya nsuka ya sanza ya mitano, tosalaka losambo lonene la novena o bokambemi bwa nganga-Nzambe moko auti epai esusu mpo ya kolendisa bana ba Mama Maria. Bokutani bona bwa losambo bokosangisaka bandeko banso ba Belgique baye bamesani koya epai ya Mama. Lokasa to revue mensuelle moko (2000 exemplaires) lozali kosangisa bayebani ba biso banso. Ndako-Nzambe ya biso esalaka mpe misala minso mikosalemaka o paroisse. Moko wa ba nganga-Nzambe ba sanctuaire azali na kati ya baye bakoteyaka o ba paroisse ya doyenné ya Lessines. ==== Liège ==== Maison "ad instar domus" Ba Lazariste ba Liège bavandi esika yoko te, kasi bazali motema moko na mosala : Na bosalisi banyango ba Filles de la Charité, mangomba ma bilenge mpe na boteyi bakristu na ba ndako. Na bosalisi baye bayei lipaya na Belgique (immigrés) na mpe baye bakimi bitumba na mobulu o mboka ya bango (réfugiés). Tozali kosalisa bango na biloko, kobunda mpo ya makoki mpe bomoto ya bango. {| class="WSerieV" id="WSerie_Christianisme" tableborder="1" cellspacing="0" style="padding: 0.3em; float:right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 5px 1em; border:1px solid #669966; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; background:#BBCCCC; text-align:center;" {{Religions}} |} [[category:relijió]] [[category:boklísto]] [[de:Lazaristen]] [[en:Lazarists]] [[fr:Lazaristes]] [[nl:Lazaristen]] [[pt:Congregação da Missão]] [[ru:Лазаристы]] [[zh:遣使会]] 9125 2006-08-16T17:43:15Z 159.28.60.208 [[Image:StVdP.jpg|thumb|Santu Vincent wa Paul]] '''Congrégation de la Mission (Lazariste)''' ebandi o mobu 1625 o engumba [[Pari]]. Kasi ut'o ebandela, mosala mwa lingomba lina moyebanaki mpe o bikolo bisusu. Lingomba ya Mission lisangisi ba nganga-[[Nzambe]] na mpe ba mofulele. Bango batangemi ba ''Religieux'' te, ata ko bakosalaka bilako. Likanisi ya Mosantu [[Vincent wa Paul]] lizalaki 'te akoka kobongisa lingomba lyoko na ntina ya kozala mpe kosala mosala lisanga na bato banso ba mokili. Engebene na mibeko mya Eklezya, bakotanga lyango "société de vie apostolique". == Ntina ya lingomba == Lingomba lya Mission lizali kosangela nsango elamu na babola, na nguya ya elimo ya [[Yésu|Yésu Kristu]]. Mosala mokotinda ba Lazariste bazala na bizaleli biye : * Kolinga kosala liboso mpenza kati ya babola : bosangeli Nsango Elamu na babola, yango nde elembo'te bokonzi bwa likolo bokomi penepene (cf. Mt 11,5) ; * Kozala mpe na bokebi na makambo ma mokili, mingi mpenza koluka koyeba ntina ya bokeseni mpe bozangi bosembo o bokaboli nkita na kati ya mokili. wana nde kosala mosala mwa profeta o bosangeli Nsango Elamu; * Koyeba kokabola na babola mpasi ya bango, na ntina 'te bobele biso toteya bango te, kasi bango mpe basangela biso Nsango Elamu. * Kozala banso lisanga mpo ya kokolisa bolingani mpe bosalisani o kati ya lingomba. * Kozala na esengo soki lingomba lisengi biso tokende bipai binso na mokili, lokola ba missionnaire ba yambo ba lingomba bapesi biso ndakisa. * Moko moko mpe biso banso lisanga tokoluka ntango inso kobongola motema, lokola Santu Polo akoloba na biso : "bolanda ezalela ya bato ba nse eye te, kasi bokoma bato ba mayele ma sika." (Rm 12,2) (Constitution art.12). == Lingomba lizali kosala mosala wapi? == Lingomba ya Mission likabwani na ba 45 Provinces ntuku inei na itano, na 3 Vice-provinces isato. O molongo mobimba, lingomba lizali kosala na bikolo ntuku mwambi,bikabwani o bituka to continent inso: [[Afrika]], [[Amerika]], [[Autralie]], [[Asia]] (kin'o [[Chine]]) mpe [[Eropa]]. == Tozali boni o kati ya lingomba? == O mobu 1998, lingomba ya Mission lizalaki na ba membre 4193. O kati ya bango. {| |Baepiskopo bazali |29 |- |Banganga-Nzambe |3191 |- |Ba mofulele |203 |- |Ba diakono na bai-likindo basali séminaire interne |770 |} O mibu miye, motango mwa baye bazali kokota na lingomba o bikolo bya Europa mozali moke mpenza. Kasi o bikolo bya Afrika na Amerika ya nse, motango mona mokoli mingi mpenza. == Misala mya lingomba ut'o kala == Engebene na mibeko mya lingomba, * Uto ebandela, lingomba ya Mission lizali koteya ba mission populaire na ba paroisse. * Lingomba lizali mpe kosangela o bikolo biye biyoki naino Nsango Elamu te (mission "ad gentes"). Ezala o bikolo biyebanaka lokola bikolo bya bopalanginyi eyamba to " pays de Mission " (Afrika, Asia, Australie), ezala mpe sik'oyo na [[Albania]], mpe bikolo [[Ukraina]], [[Siberia]], [[Lituania]], [[Tanzania]], [[Bisanga Salomom]], [[Cuba]], [[Taiwan]], [[Mozambique]] na mpe bisusu. * O bikolo biyike, ba Lazariste bazali kokoba mosala mwa bobokoli bilenge o nzela ya bonganga na makindo (ba Séminaire), mingi mpenza bikolo bizangi ba nganga-Nzambe ba bangomei (clergé autochtone). * Basango bazali kosalisa ba Filles de charités na nzela ya molimo, mpe mangomba masusu ya ba laic mabandisami na mosantu Vincent (lokola AIC) to mazali kolanda nzela eye alakisaki o kati ya Eklezya mpe mokili (Société de Saint-Vincent de Paul, Association de la Médaille miraculeuse, Jeunesse Mariale Vincentienne...). * O bikolo bisusu, biteyelo bizali apostolat enene, banda biye bya yambo kin'o biye bya likolo (universités) ([[Philippines]], [[USA]] ). == Mioko misala mya sika == Ba Lazariste basusu bazali kosala elongo na batu bavandi pene na bikunde binene bya bosoto na bingumba (lokola na Payatas, Philippines). Basusu bazali kosalisa bilenge biye batukoli nzotu na bomeli makaya makasi (ba drogué), bato bakobela sida (na Europa), bato bakufa matoi (o Irlande), bitumbe, bana bazali kokola o ba balabala (ba shegué) mpe batu bazangi ndako. Ba Lazariste basusu bazali kosala mpo ya botomboli bomoi na mayele ma batu baye bazali naino na bizaleli bya kala (indigènes), to ya baye bakovandaka esika yoko te (ba Tzigane). O [[Brésil]], ba Lazariste bakosala mpe apostolat pene na batambwisi mituka minene (ba camioneur), baye bakozalaka ntango inso se na nzela. Basusu bazali kosalisa bato bakimi bitumba to kwokoso isusu, (réfugiés), to baye bazangi minkanda ya leta (sans papiers) mpe koteya bilenge bazangi misala. (o Mputu) Bakosala mpe mpo ya bokolisi masanga make ma bakristu to Communautés Ecclésiales de Base, na mpe mpo ya ba laïc baye bakokamba masanga mana. Basusu bakoluka kokolisa lolenge la mosala mosantu Vincent alakisaki o ntei ya biteyelo mpe ya ba université. Basusu bakomipesa o masanga ma bomanyoli bomoi bwa bamibonza, bobokoli bana na bilenge, ntina ya boboyi koyamba (athéisme), nzela ya bopesi mpe bozwi nsango, pastorale ya mabota na mpe masalisi ndenge na ndenge matali ezaleli mpe bomoto. Tokokuta mpe ba Lazariste basusu bakopesa mateya o biteyelo bya bokolisi boyambi mpe bomoto, ezala biye bya ba diocèse, ezala biye bya lingomba lya Mission to mpe biye bya mangomba masusu. == SIEV mpe CIF == Mpo ya bokolisi mposa ya boyekoli bomoi, misala mya mosantu Vincent mpe elimo atikeli biso, lisanga lyoko likelami na nkombo "Secrétariat International d'Etudes Vincentiennes" (SIEV). SIEV ezali kolengele sanza yoko ya mateya (mois vincentien) na [[Pari]] mpo ya ba Lazariste (babandi mpe kondima mangomba masusu maye makolandaka ndakisa ya mosantu Vincent). Kaka o mboka Paris, babandisi "Centre International de Formation Saint-Vincent" (CIF). Ezali kopesa mateya ma recyclage mpo ya ba Lazariste bazali na mibu 35 kin'o 50. == Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Beljika == O ekolo [[Beljika]], ndako ya liboso ya lingomba lya Mission efungwamaki na [[Liège]] na 1902. Ndako ya yambo ya lingomba o Kɔ́ngɔ efungwami na [[Bikoro]] (Mbandaka) na 1926. Na 1929 bafungoli ndako ya [[Leuven]] mpe 1952 eye ya [[Lessines]]. O mobu 1947, ndako inso isangani o Province ya Beljika mpe ''Congo Belge'' ekomi "mission" ya Province ena. O mobu 1991, na botalaka 'te ba Lazariste bazali lisusu mingi te o Beljika mpe awa motango mwa bango mokomi kokola o ekolo [[Kongo|Kɔ́ngɔ]], Bakonzi ba lingomba bazwi mokano mwa bokomisi Kongo Province mpe bobongoli Beljika bo Etuka to Région autonome o kati ya Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ. Ezali na ndimbola enene 'te o bobange bwa ye, province-mama ekoka kokoma o maboko ma mwana oyo ye akolisi na motema monso. === Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ === Province ya Kongo ebandisami na ba Lazariste ya Beljika. Sango [[Félix Dekempeneer]], mobandisi wa mission ya Bikoro, akomi o Kongo o mobu 1925, mpo ya kolengele boyei bwa ba nyango ba ''Filles de la Charité''. Mpe wana bamopesi mosala mwa bosangeli Nsango Elamu o etuka ya Bikoro. O ntango ena, mission ya Bikoro ezalaki na batu soko nkoto ntuku ibale, mpe mbele bakristu bobele nkoto yoko na ndambo to nkoto ibale. O mobu 1959, mission ya Bikoro ekomi Diocesi mpe Mgr [[Camille Vandekerkove]], lazariste, akomaki [[Episkopo]] wa yambo ya Diocesi ena. Basango Lazaristes babandisi ba [[paroisse]] iye: Bikoro St. Vincent wa Paul (1926), [[Irebu]] Notre Dame du Chenal (1928), [[Lukolela]] Sacré-Coeur (1933), [[Bokongo]] Sainte Famille (1936), [[Yumbi]] Christ-Roi (1938), [[Bolobo Notre Dame (1946), [[Itipo]] Saint Joseph (1948), [[Iboko]] Notre Dame de la Médaille Miraculeuse (1956), [[Mooto]] Saint Emille (1962), mpe [[Momboyo]] Martyrs d'ouganda (1963). Ut'o mobu 1975, nsima ya liwa lya Mgr Camille, diocesi ya Bikoro esangani na eye ya [[Mbandaka]]. Nkombo ya diocèse ekomi Archidiocèse de Mbandaka-Bikoro. Liboso o bokambemi bwa Mgr [[Pierre Wijnants]], wa lingomba lya ba Missionnaire du Sacré-Coeur, na nsima o bokambemi bwa Mgr [[Frédéric Etsou]], oyo akomi lelo Cardinal mpe Episkopo wa lokumu wa [[Kinshasa]]. Lelo, Archidiocèse ya Mbandaka-Bikoro ezali o maboko ma Mgr [[Joseph Nkumuondala]]. O mobu 1982, ba Lazaristes bakamati paroisse Notre Dame du Congo na Mbandaka. Nsima bazwaki mpe Paroisse St. Paul Apôtre (1992-1998) na Mbandaka. Bobele o engumba ya Mbandaka, bafungoli ndako "Félix Dekempeneer", eye ekoyangela [[Cité Elikya]] mpo ya kobokolo mpe kosalisa bana to bilenge baye bazangi mosala (1998). Na Kinshasa ba Lazariste bazali kosala o paroisse St Adrien ya Ngaba ut'o mobu 1986. Bobele na Kinshasa, bafungoli ndako ya boyambi basango bazali na lipaya na [[Limete]] (1991). Bazwi mpe mosala mwa bokambi bato ba mpasi na lopitalo St. Joseph. Awa babandi kozwa bana mboka baye balingi kolanda nzela ya mosantu Vincent awa na mboka Kongo, bafungoli ndako ya boyekoli ibale : O mobu 1981, Séminaire Interne (noviciat) "Source de vie" na [[Bokongo]], eye eleki na Itipo ut'o 1994. Na mobu 1985, bafungoli likindo linene to Scolasticat Saint Vincent de Paul, na [[Kimwenza]] (Kinshasa) mpo ya baye bakoyekolaka philosophie mpe théologie. Na moi mwa lelo, Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ ezali na ba missionnaire 34 (ba nganga-Nzambe 32, diakono moko mpe mofulele moko) na bilenge ba likindo 27. Mpo etali bikolo bya bango, ba missionnaire bakabwani boye : 21 bazali ba congolais, 9 polonais, 2 belges, 1 hollandais mpe 1 italien. Ba lazariste congolais babale bazali missionnaire na Algérie mpe na Cameroun. Mosusu asengeli kokenda bo Directeur ya Séminaire interne na [[Kamerun]]. Lazariste polonais moko wa province ya Congo azali kosala mosala na Beljika. Ba Lazariste basusu banei bauti o province ya Kɔ́ngɔ bazali sika kosala o ekolo [[Chine]] (1 hollandais) mpe na [[Haïti]] (2 polonais), mpe na [[Gresi]] (1 polonais). ==== Misala mya ba Lazariste o Kɔ́ngɔ ==== O Archidiocese ya Mbandaka-Bikoro, basango ba Lazariste bazali kokamba ba paroisse mwambi (8). Mosala mwa bango motali mingi mpenza: * Bokolisi bakristu o nzela ya boyambi, o kati ya masanga make to Communauté Ecclésiale de Base (CEB), engebene na mwango mwa Eklezya ya Kɔ́ngɔ. * Bopesi mateya na bakatekisi to na ba laïc basusu baponami mpo ya kokamba masanga ma bakristu o mboka. Mateya mango makopesama mpo ya mobu moko na "Centre de Formation chrétienne de Bikoro". Epai esusu, "Centre d'Animation Missionnaire" ezali koteya ba mission populaire mpe kolengele ba laïc mpe bakambi ba mangomba ma apostolat. * Misala mya botomboli bomoto mpe mboka; bolendisi o misala mya bilanga; botongi biteyelo mpe Ndako-Nzambe o mboka na mpe misala misusu ndenge na ndenge miye mitali bolamu bwa bato Bo bana ba Santu Vincent, ba Lazariste bazali kotiya motema mpe na boluki nzela kani bakoki kosalisa bilenge bazangi mosala (Cité Elikya na Mbandaka) na mpe bato ba mpasi (Lopitalo St. Joseph na Kinshasa). Lokola bazali o libota linene lya Santu Vincent, ba Lazariste bazali kosala manso mpo ya bokolisi bomoko o kati ya bango na mangomba masusu maye mazali kolanda ndakisa ya Santu Vincent (ndakisa : Filles de la Charité, Religieux de St. Vincent de Paul na basusu bayike). Bayangeli ba mangomba mana manso bakokutanaka mbala na mbala na Kinshasa mpo ya mateya mpe bisambo. Mosala mwa bango o kati ya ba Laïc baye bazali kolanda mpe ndakisa ya Santu Vincent mozali komonana mingi mpenza na nzela ya lingomba to "Association de la Médaille Miraculeuse", eye euti kobanda awa na Congo, na nzela ya Société de Saint Vincent de Paul, Jeunesse Mariale Vincentienne, na mpe masanga masusu malandi mosantu Vincent. === Région ya Beljika === ==== Leuven ==== Ndako ya Leuven ekosalaka mosala mwa "procure" mpo ya Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ : Bosombi mpe botindi biloko mpo ya ba Lazariste bazali o Kongo. Ndako ya boyambi ba Lazaristes baye bayei kopemisa nzoto (bazali na congé) to mpe baye bazali kobela. Ndako ya bopemi mpo ya bandeko baye bakomi mibange to baye bazali kobela. Ba Lazariste baye bavandi o ndako ya Leuven bazali mpe kosala misala na lopitalo (lokola aumônier to lokola volontaire), bakotalaka batu baye bazali na mikakatano, bakosanganaka na mangomba ya losambo (groupes de prière) mpe bakosalisaka ba Filles de la Charité baye bakolobaka flamand. ==== Lessines ==== Ndako-Nzambe ya Lessines esalemi na bokundoli bomilakisi bwa Ngondo Mosantu Maria na rue du Bac (Paris). Mokolo mwa yambo mwa poso inso, lisanga Association de la Médaille Miraculeuse likosambelaka losambo la novena (na 20h ). Tokoyambaka mpe bakristu balingi koleka o sanctuaire (ba pèlerin), ezala moto moko moko to mpe lisanga. Poso nyonso ya nsuka ya sanza ya mitano, tosalaka losambo lonene la novena o bokambemi bwa nganga-Nzambe moko auti epai esusu mpo ya kolendisa bana ba Mama Maria. Bokutani bona bwa losambo bokosangisaka bandeko banso ba Belgique baye bamesani koya epai ya Mama. Lokasa to revue mensuelle moko (2000 exemplaires) lozali kosangisa bayebani ba biso banso. Ndako-Nzambe ya biso esalaka mpe misala minso mikosalemaka o paroisse. Moko wa ba nganga-Nzambe ba sanctuaire azali na kati ya baye bakoteyaka o ba paroisse ya doyenné ya Lessines. ==== Liège ==== Maison "ad instar domus" Ba Lazariste ba Liège bavandi esika yoko te, kasi bazali motema moko na mosala : Na bosalisi banyango ba Filles de la Charité, mangomba ma bilenge mpe na boteyi bakristu na ba ndako. Na bosalisi baye bayei lipaya na Belgique (immigrés) na mpe baye bakimi bitumba na mobulu o mboka ya bango (réfugiés). Tozali kosalisa bango na biloko, kobunda mpo ya makoki mpe bomoto ya bango. {| class="WSerieV" id="WSerie_Christianisme" tableborder="1" cellspacing="0" style="padding: 0.3em; float:right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 5px 1em; border:1px solid #669966; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; background:#BBCCCC; text-align:center;" {{Religions}} |} [[category:relijió]] [[category:boklísto]] [[de:Lazaristen]] [[en:Lazarists]] [[fr:Lazaristes]] [[nl:Lazaristen]] [[pt:Congregação da Missão]] [[ru:Лазаристы]] [[zh:遣使会]] 9229 2006-08-31T11:29:08Z Bombo 12 typo [[Image:StVdP.jpg|thumb|Santu Vincent wa Paul]] '''Congrégation de la Mission (Lazariste)''' ebandi o mobu 1625 o engumba [[Pari]]. Kasi ut'o ebandela, mosala mwa lingomba lina moyebanaki mpe o bikolo bisusu. Lingomba ya Mission lisangisi ba nganga-[[Nzámbe]] na mpe ba mofulele. Bango batangemi ba ''Religieux'' te, ata ko bakosalaka bilako. Likanisi ya Mosantu [[Vincent wa Paul]] lizalaki 'te akoka kobongisa lingomba lyoko na ntina ya kozala mpe kosala mosala lisanga na bato banso ba mokili. Engebene na mibeko mya Eklezya, bakotanga lyango "société de vie apostolique". == Ntina ya lingomba == Lingomba lya Mission lizali kosangela nsango elamu na babola, na nguya ya elimo ya [[Yesu|Yesu Kristu]]. Mosala mokotinda ba Lazariste bazala na bizaleli biye : * Kolinga kosala liboso mpenza kati ya babola : bosangeli Nsango Elamu na babola, yango nde elembo'te bokonzi bwa likolo bokomi penepene (cf. Mt 11,5) ; * Kozala mpe na bokebi na makambo ma mokili, mingi mpenza koluka koyeba ntina ya bokeseni mpe bozangi bosembo o bokaboli nkita na kati ya mokili. wana nde kosala mosala mwa profeta o bosangeli Nsango Elamu; * Koyeba kokabola na babola mpasi ya bango, na ntina 'te bobele biso toteya bango te, kasi bango mpe basangela biso Nsango Elamu. * Kozala banso lisanga mpo ya kokolisa bolingani mpe bosalisani o kati ya lingomba. * Kozala na esengo soki lingomba lisengi biso tokende bipai binso na mokili, lokola ba missionnaire ba yambo ba lingomba bapesi biso ndakisa. * Moko moko mpe biso banso lisanga tokoluka ntango inso kobongola motema, lokola Santu Polo akoloba na biso : "bolanda ezalela ya bato ba nse eye te, kasi bokoma bato ba mayele ma sika." (Rm 12,2) (Constitution art.12). == Lingomba lizali kosala mosala wapi? == Lingomba ya Mission likabwani na ba 45 Provinces ntuku inei na itano, na 3 Vice-provinces isato. O molongo mobimba, lingomba lizali kosala na bikolo ntuku mwambi,bikabwani o bituka to continent inso: [[Afrika]], [[Amerika]], [[Autralie]], [[Asia]] (kin'o [[Chine]]) mpe [[Eropa]]. == Tozali boni o kati ya lingomba? == O mobu 1998, lingomba ya Mission lizalaki na ba membre 4193. O kati ya bango. {| |Baepiskopo bazali |29 |- |Banganga-Nzámbe |3191 |- |Ba mofulele |203 |- |Ba diakono na bai-likindo basali séminaire interne |770 |} O mibu miye, motango mwa baye bazali kokota na lingomba o bikolo bya Europa mozali moke mpenza. Kasi o bikolo bya Afrika na Amerika ya nse, motango mona mokoli mingi mpenza. == Misala mya lingomba ut'o kala == Engebene na mibeko mya lingomba, * Uto ebandela, lingomba ya Mission lizali koteya ba mission populaire na ba paroisse. * Lingomba lizali mpe kosangela o bikolo biye biyoki naino Nsango Elamu te (mission "ad gentes"). Ezala o bikolo biyebanaka lokola bikolo bya bopalanginyi eyamba to " pays de Mission " (Afrika, Asia, Australie), ezala mpe sik'oyo na [[Albania]], mpe bikolo [[Ukraina]], [[Siberia]], [[Lituania]], [[Tanzania]], [[Bisanga Salomom]], [[Cuba]], [[Taiwan]], [[Mozambique]] na mpe bisusu. * O bikolo biyike, ba Lazariste bazali kokoba mosala mwa bobokoli bilenge o nzela ya bonganga na makindo (ba Séminaire), mingi mpenza bikolo bizangi ba nganga-Nzambe ba bangomei (clergé autochtone). * Basango bazali kosalisa ba Filles de charités na nzela ya molimo, mpe mangomba masusu ya ba laic mabandisami na mosantu Vincent (lokola AIC) to mazali kolanda nzela eye alakisaki o kati ya Eklezya mpe mokili (Société de Saint-Vincent de Paul, Association de la Médaille miraculeuse, Jeunesse Mariale Vincentienne...). * O bikolo bisusu, biteyelo bizali apostolat enene, banda biye bya yambo kin'o biye bya likolo (universités) ([[Philippines]], [[USA]] ). == Mioko misala mya sika == Ba Lazariste basusu bazali kosala elongo na batu bavandi pene na bikunde binene bya bosoto na bingumba (lokola na Payatas, Philippines). Basusu bazali kosalisa bilenge biye batukoli nzotu na bomeli makaya makasi (ba drogué), bato bakobela sida (na Europa), bato bakufa matoi (o Irlande), bitumbe, bana bazali kokola o ba balabala (ba shegué) mpe batu bazangi ndako. Ba Lazariste basusu bazali kosala mpo ya botomboli bomoi na mayele ma batu baye bazali naino na bizaleli bya kala (indigènes), to ya baye bakovandaka esika yoko te (ba Tzigane). O [[Brésil]], ba Lazariste bakosala mpe apostolat pene na batambwisi mituka minene (ba camioneur), baye bakozalaka ntango inso se na nzela. Basusu bazali kosalisa bato bakimi bitumba to kwokoso isusu, (réfugiés), to baye bazangi minkanda ya leta (sans papiers) mpe koteya bilenge bazangi misala. (o Mputu) Bakosala mpe mpo ya bokolisi masanga make ma bakristu to Communautés Ecclésiales de Base, na mpe mpo ya ba laïc baye bakokamba masanga mana. Basusu bakoluka kokolisa lolenge la mosala mosantu Vincent alakisaki o ntei ya biteyelo mpe ya ba université. Basusu bakomipesa o masanga ma bomanyoli bomoi bwa bamibonza, bobokoli bana na bilenge, ntina ya boboyi koyamba (athéisme), nzela ya bopesi mpe bozwi nsango, pastorale ya mabota na mpe masalisi ndenge na ndenge matali ezaleli mpe bomoto. Tokokuta mpe ba Lazariste basusu bakopesa mateya o biteyelo bya bokolisi boyambi mpe bomoto, ezala biye bya ba diocèse, ezala biye bya lingomba lya Mission to mpe biye bya mangomba masusu. == SIEV mpe CIF == Mpo ya bokolisi mposa ya boyekoli bomoi, misala mya mosantu Vincent mpe elimo atikeli biso, lisanga lyoko likelami na nkombo "Secrétariat International d'Etudes Vincentiennes" (SIEV). SIEV ezali kolengele sanza yoko ya mateya (mois vincentien) na [[Pari]] mpo ya ba Lazariste (babandi mpe kondima mangomba masusu maye makolandaka ndakisa ya mosantu Vincent). Kaka o mboka Paris, babandisi "Centre International de Formation Saint-Vincent" (CIF). Ezali kopesa mateya ma recyclage mpo ya ba Lazariste bazali na mibu 35 kin'o 50. == Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Beljika == O ekolo [[Beljika]], ndako ya liboso ya lingomba lya Mission efungwamaki na [[Liège]] na 1902. Ndako ya yambo ya lingomba o Kɔ́ngɔ efungwami na [[Bikoro]] (Mbandaka) na 1926. Na 1929 bafungoli ndako ya [[Leuven]] mpe 1952 eye ya [[Lessines]]. O mobu 1947, ndako inso isangani o Province ya Beljika mpe ''Congo Belge'' ekomi "mission" ya Province ena. O mobu 1991, na botalaka 'te ba Lazariste bazali lisusu mingi te o Beljika mpe awa motango mwa bango mokomi kokola o ekolo [[Kongo|Kɔ́ngɔ]], Bakonzi ba lingomba bazwi mokano mwa bokomisi Kongo Province mpe bobongoli Beljika bo Etuka to Région autonome o kati ya Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ. Ezali na ndimbola enene 'te o bobange bwa ye, province-mama ekoka kokoma o maboko ma mwana oyo ye akolisi na motema monso. === Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ === Province ya Kongo ebandisami na ba Lazariste ya Beljika. Sango [[Félix Dekempeneer]], mobandisi wa mission ya Bikoro, akomi o Kongo o mobu 1925, mpo ya kolengele boyei bwa ba nyango ba ''Filles de la Charité''. Mpe wana bamopesi mosala mwa bosangeli Nsango Elamu o etuka ya Bikoro. O ntango ena, mission ya Bikoro ezalaki na batu soko nkoto ntuku ibale, mpe mbele bakristu bobele nkoto yoko na ndambo to nkoto ibale. O mobu 1959, mission ya Bikoro ekomi Diocesi mpe Mgr [[Camille Vandekerkove]], lazariste, akomaki [[Episkopo]] wa yambo ya Diocesi ena. Basango Lazaristes babandisi ba [[paroisse]] iye: Bikoro St. Vincent wa Paul (1926), [[Irebu]] Notre Dame du Chenal (1928), [[Lukolela]] Sacré-Coeur (1933), [[Bokongo]] Sainte Famille (1936), [[Yumbi]] Christ-Roi (1938), [[Bolobo Notre Dame (1946), [[Itipo]] Saint Joseph (1948), [[Iboko]] Notre Dame de la Médaille Miraculeuse (1956), [[Mooto]] Saint Emille (1962), mpe [[Momboyo]] Martyrs d'ouganda (1963). Ut'o mobu 1975, nsima ya liwa lya Mgr Camille, diocesi ya Bikoro esangani na eye ya [[Mbandaka]]. Nkombo ya diocèse ekomi Archidiocèse de Mbandaka-Bikoro. Liboso o bokambemi bwa Mgr [[Pierre Wijnants]], wa lingomba lya ba Missionnaire du Sacré-Coeur, na nsima o bokambemi bwa Mgr [[Frédéric Etsou]], oyo akomi lelo Cardinal mpe Episkopo wa lokumu wa [[Kinshasa]]. Lelo, Archidiocèse ya Mbandaka-Bikoro ezali o maboko ma Mgr [[Joseph Nkumuondala]]. O mobu 1982, ba Lazaristes bakamati paroisse Notre Dame du Congo na Mbandaka. Nsima bazwaki mpe Paroisse St. Paul Apôtre (1992-1998) na Mbandaka. Bobele o engumba ya Mbandaka, bafungoli ndako "Félix Dekempeneer", eye ekoyangela [[Cité Elikya]] mpo ya kobokolo mpe kosalisa bana to bilenge baye bazangi mosala (1998). Na Kinshasa ba Lazariste bazali kosala o paroisse St Adrien ya Ngaba ut'o mobu 1986. Bobele na Kinshasa, bafungoli ndako ya boyambi basango bazali na lipaya na [[Limete]] (1991). Bazwi mpe mosala mwa bokambi bato ba mpasi na lopitalo St. Joseph. Awa babandi kozwa bana mboka baye balingi kolanda nzela ya mosantu Vincent awa na mboka Kongo, bafungoli ndako ya boyekoli ibale : O mobu 1981, Séminaire Interne (noviciat) "Source de vie" na [[Bokongo]], eye eleki na Itipo ut'o 1994. Na mobu 1985, bafungoli likindo linene to Scolasticat Saint Vincent de Paul, na [[Kimwenza]] (Kinshasa) mpo ya baye bakoyekolaka philosophie mpe théologie. Na moi mwa lelo, Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ ezali na ba missionnaire 34 (ba nganga-Nzambe 32, diakono moko mpe mofulele moko) na bilenge ba likindo 27. Mpo etali bikolo bya bango, ba missionnaire bakabwani boye : 21 bazali ba congolais, 9 polonais, 2 belges, 1 hollandais mpe 1 italien. Ba lazariste congolais babale bazali missionnaire na Algérie mpe na Cameroun. Mosusu asengeli kokenda bo Directeur ya Séminaire interne na [[Kamerun]]. Lazariste polonais moko wa province ya Congo azali kosala mosala na Beljika. Ba Lazariste basusu banei bauti o province ya Kɔ́ngɔ bazali sika kosala o ekolo [[Chine]] (1 hollandais) mpe na [[Haïti]] (2 polonais), mpe na [[Gresi]] (1 polonais). ==== Misala mya ba Lazariste o Kɔ́ngɔ ==== O Archidiocese ya Mbandaka-Bikoro, basango ba Lazariste bazali kokamba ba paroisse mwambi (8). Mosala mwa bango motali mingi mpenza: * Bokolisi bakristu o nzela ya boyambi, o kati ya masanga make to Communauté Ecclésiale de Base (CEB), engebene na mwango mwa Eklezya ya Kɔ́ngɔ. * Bopesi mateya na bakatekisi to na ba laïc basusu baponami mpo ya kokamba masanga ma bakristu o mboka. Mateya mango makopesama mpo ya mobu moko na "Centre de Formation chrétienne de Bikoro". Epai esusu, "Centre d'Animation Missionnaire" ezali koteya ba mission populaire mpe kolengele ba laïc mpe bakambi ba mangomba ma apostolat. * Misala mya botomboli bomoto mpe mboka; bolendisi o misala mya bilanga; botongi biteyelo mpe Ndako-Nzambe o mboka na mpe misala misusu ndenge na ndenge miye mitali bolamu bwa bato Bo bana ba Santu Vincent, ba Lazariste bazali kotiya motema mpe na boluki nzela kani bakoki kosalisa bilenge bazangi mosala (Cité Elikya na Mbandaka) na mpe bato ba mpasi (Lopitalo St. Joseph na Kinshasa). Lokola bazali o libota linene lya Santu Vincent, ba Lazariste bazali kosala manso mpo ya bokolisi bomoko o kati ya bango na mangomba masusu maye mazali kolanda ndakisa ya Santu Vincent (ndakisa : Filles de la Charité, Religieux de St. Vincent de Paul na basusu bayike). Bayangeli ba mangomba mana manso bakokutanaka mbala na mbala na Kinshasa mpo ya mateya mpe bisambo. Mosala mwa bango o kati ya ba Laïc baye bazali kolanda mpe ndakisa ya Santu Vincent mozali komonana mingi mpenza na nzela ya lingomba to "Association de la Médaille Miraculeuse", eye euti kobanda awa na Congo, na nzela ya Société de Saint Vincent de Paul, Jeunesse Mariale Vincentienne, na mpe masanga masusu malandi mosantu Vincent. === Région ya Beljika === ==== Leuven ==== Ndako ya Leuven ekosalaka mosala mwa "procure" mpo ya Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ : Bosombi mpe botindi biloko mpo ya ba Lazariste bazali o Kongo. Ndako ya boyambi ba Lazaristes baye bayei kopemisa nzoto (bazali na congé) to mpe baye bazali kobela. Ndako ya bopemi mpo ya bandeko baye bakomi mibange to baye bazali kobela. Ba Lazariste baye bavandi o ndako ya Leuven bazali mpe kosala misala na lopitalo (lokola aumônier to lokola volontaire), bakotalaka batu baye bazali na mikakatano, bakosanganaka na mangomba ya losambo (groupes de prière) mpe bakosalisaka ba Filles de la Charité baye bakolobaka flamand. ==== Lessines ==== Ndako-Nzambe ya Lessines esalemi na bokundoli bomilakisi bwa Ngondo Mosantu Maria na rue du Bac (Paris). Mokolo mwa yambo mwa poso inso, lisanga Association de la Médaille Miraculeuse likosambelaka losambo la novena (na 20h ). Tokoyambaka mpe bakristu balingi koleka o sanctuaire (ba pèlerin), ezala moto moko moko to mpe lisanga. Poso nyonso ya nsuka ya sanza ya mitano, tosalaka losambo lonene la novena o bokambemi bwa nganga-Nzambe moko auti epai esusu mpo ya kolendisa bana ba Mama Maria. Bokutani bona bwa losambo bokosangisaka bandeko banso ba Belgique baye bamesani koya epai ya Mama. Lokasa to revue mensuelle moko (2000 exemplaires) lozali kosangisa bayebani ba biso banso. Ndako-Nzambe ya biso esalaka mpe misala minso mikosalemaka o paroisse. Moko wa ba nganga-Nzambe ba sanctuaire azali na kati ya baye bakoteyaka o ba paroisse ya doyenné ya Lessines. ==== Liège ==== Maison "ad instar domus" Ba Lazariste ba Liège bavandi esika yoko te, kasi bazali motema moko na mosala : Na bosalisi banyango ba Filles de la Charité, mangomba ma bilenge mpe na boteyi bakristu na ba ndako. Na bosalisi baye bayei lipaya na Belgique (immigrés) na mpe baye bakimi bitumba na mobulu o mboka ya bango (réfugiés). Tozali kosalisa bango na biloko, kobunda mpo ya makoki mpe bomoto ya bango. {| class="WSerieV" id="WSerie_Christianisme" tableborder="1" cellspacing="0" style="padding: 0.3em; float:right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 5px 1em; border:1px solid #669966; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; background:#BBCCCC; text-align:center;" {{Religions}} |} [[category:relijió]] [[category:boklísto]] [[de:Lazaristen]] [[en:Lazarists]] [[fr:Lazaristes]] [[nl:Lazaristen]] [[pt:Congregação da Missão]] [[ru:Лазаристы]] [[zh:遣使会]] 9471 2006-10-12T11:10:26Z Bombo 12 [[Image:StVdP.jpg|thumb|Santu Vincent wa Paul]] '''Congrégation de la Mission (Lazariste)''' ebandi o mobu [[1625]] o engumba [[Pari]]. Kasi ut'o ebandela, mosala mwa lingomba lina moyebanaki mpe o bikolo bisusu. Lingomba ya Mission lisangisi ba nganga-[[Nzámbe]] na mpe ba mofulele. Bango batangemi ba ''Religieux'' te, ata ko bakosalaka bilako. Likanisi ya Mosantu [[Vincent wa Paul]] lizalaki 'te akoka kobongisa lingomba lyoko na ntina ya kozala mpe kosala mosala lisanga na bato banso ba mokili. Engebene na mibeko mya Eklezya, bakotanga lyango "société de vie apostolique". == Ntina ya lingomba == Lingomba lya Mission lizali kosangela nsango elamu na babola, na nguya ya elimo ya [[Yesu|Yesu Kristu]]. Mosala mokotinda ba Lazariste bazala na bizaleli biye : * Kolinga kosala liboso mpenza kati ya babola : bosangeli Nsango Elamu na babola, yango nde elembo'te bokonzi bwa likolo bokomi penepene (cf. Mt 11,5) ; * Kozala mpe na bokebi na makambo ma mokili, mingi mpenza koluka koyeba ntina ya bokeseni mpe bozangi bosembo o bokaboli nkita na kati ya mokili. wana nde kosala mosala mwa profeta o bosangeli Nsango Elamu; * Koyeba kokabola na babola mpasi ya bango, na ntina 'te bobele biso toteya bango te, kasi bango mpe basangela biso Nsango Elamu. * Kozala banso lisanga mpo ya kokolisa bolingani mpe bosalisani o kati ya lingomba. * Kozala na esengo soki lingomba lisengi biso tokende bipai binso na mokili, lokola ba missionnaire ba yambo ba lingomba bapesi biso ndakisa. * Moko moko mpe biso banso lisanga tokoluka ntango inso kobongola motema, lokola Santu Polo akoloba na biso : "bolanda ezalela ya bato ba nse eye te, kasi bokoma bato ba mayele ma sika." (Rm 12,2) (Constitution art.12). == Lingomba lizali kosala mosala wapi? == Lingomba ya Mission likabwani na ba 45 Provinces ntuku inei na itano, na 3 Vice-provinces isato. O molongo mobimba, lingomba lizali kosala na bikolo ntuku mwambi,bikabwani o bituka to continent inso: [[Afrika]], [[Amerika]], [[Autralie]], [[Asia]] (kin'o [[Chine]]) mpe [[Eropa]]. == Tozali boni o kati ya lingomba? == O mobu 1998, lingomba ya Mission lizalaki na ba membre 4193. O kati ya bango. {| |Baepiskopo bazali |29 |- |Banganga-Nzámbe |3191 |- |Ba mofulele |203 |- |Ba diakono na bai-likindo basali séminaire interne |770 |} O mibu miye, motango mwa baye bazali kokota na lingomba o bikolo bya Europa mozali moke mpenza. Kasi o bikolo bya Afrika na Amerika ya nse, motango mona mokoli mingi mpenza. == Misala mya lingomba ut'o kala == Engebene na mibeko mya lingomba, * Uto ebandela, lingomba ya Mission lizali koteya ba mission populaire na ba paroisse. * Lingomba lizali mpe kosangela o bikolo biye biyoki naino Nsango Elamu te (mission "ad gentes"). Ezala o bikolo biyebanaka lokola bikolo bya bopalanginyi eyamba to " pays de Mission " (Afrika, Asia, Australie), ezala mpe sik'oyo na [[Albania]], mpe bikolo [[Ukraina]], [[Siberia]], [[Lituania]], [[Tanzania]], [[Bisanga Salomom]], [[Cuba]], [[Taiwan]], [[Mozambique]] na mpe bisusu. * O bikolo biyike, ba Lazariste bazali kokoba mosala mwa bobokoli bilenge o nzela ya bonganga na makindo (ba Séminaire), mingi mpenza bikolo bizangi ba nganga-Nzambe ba bangomei (clergé autochtone). * Basango bazali kosalisa ba Filles de charités na nzela ya molimo, mpe mangomba masusu ya ba laic mabandisami na mosantu Vincent (lokola AIC) to mazali kolanda nzela eye alakisaki o kati ya Eklezya mpe mokili (Société de Saint-Vincent de Paul, Association de la Médaille miraculeuse, Jeunesse Mariale Vincentienne...). * O bikolo bisusu, biteyelo bizali apostolat enene, banda biye bya yambo kin'o biye bya likolo (universités) ([[Philippines]], [[USA]] ). == Mioko misala mya sika == Ba Lazariste basusu bazali kosala elongo na batu bavandi pene na bikunde binene bya bosoto na bingumba (lokola na Payatas, Philippines). Basusu bazali kosalisa bilenge biye batukoli nzotu na bomeli makaya makasi (ba drogué), bato bakobela sida (na Europa), bato bakufa matoi (o Irlande), bitumbe, bana bazali kokola o ba balabala (ba shegué) mpe batu bazangi ndako. Ba Lazariste basusu bazali kosala mpo ya botomboli bomoi na mayele ma batu baye bazali naino na bizaleli bya kala (indigènes), to ya baye bakovandaka esika yoko te (ba Tzigane). O [[Brésil]], ba Lazariste bakosala mpe apostolat pene na batambwisi mituka minene (ba camioneur), baye bakozalaka ntango inso se na nzela. Basusu bazali kosalisa bato bakimi bitumba to kwokoso isusu, (réfugiés), to baye bazangi minkanda ya leta (sans papiers) mpe koteya bilenge bazangi misala. (o Mputu) Bakosala mpe mpo ya bokolisi masanga make ma bakristu to Communautés Ecclésiales de Base, na mpe mpo ya ba laïc baye bakokamba masanga mana. Basusu bakoluka kokolisa lolenge la mosala mosantu Vincent alakisaki o ntei ya biteyelo mpe ya ba université. Basusu bakomipesa o masanga ma bomanyoli bomoi bwa bamibonza, bobokoli bana na bilenge, ntina ya boboyi koyamba (athéisme), nzela ya bopesi mpe bozwi nsango, pastorale ya mabota na mpe masalisi ndenge na ndenge matali ezaleli mpe bomoto. Tokokuta mpe ba Lazariste basusu bakopesa mateya o biteyelo bya bokolisi boyambi mpe bomoto, ezala biye bya ba diocèse, ezala biye bya lingomba lya Mission to mpe biye bya mangomba masusu. == SIEV mpe CIF == Mpo ya bokolisi mposa ya boyekoli bomoi, misala mya mosantu Vincent mpe elimo atikeli biso, lisanga lyoko likelami na nkombo "Secrétariat International d'Etudes Vincentiennes" (SIEV). SIEV ezali kolengele sanza yoko ya mateya (mois vincentien) na [[Pari]] mpo ya ba Lazariste (babandi mpe kondima mangomba masusu maye makolandaka ndakisa ya mosantu Vincent). Kaka o mboka Paris, babandisi "Centre International de Formation Saint-Vincent" (CIF). Ezali kopesa mateya ma recyclage mpo ya ba Lazariste bazali na mibu 35 kin'o 50. == Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Beljika == O ekolo [[Beljika]], ndako ya liboso ya lingomba lya Mission efungwamaki na [[Liège]] na 1902. Ndako ya yambo ya lingomba o Kɔ́ngɔ efungwami na [[Bikoro]] (Mbandaka) na 1926. Na 1929 bafungoli ndako ya [[Leuven]] mpe 1952 eye ya [[Lessines]]. O mobu 1947, ndako inso isangani o Province ya Beljika mpe ''Congo Belge'' ekomi "mission" ya Province ena. O mobu 1991, na botalaka 'te ba Lazariste bazali lisusu mingi te o Beljika mpe awa motango mwa bango mokomi kokola o ekolo [[Kongo|Kɔ́ngɔ]], Bakonzi ba lingomba bazwi mokano mwa bokomisi Kongo Province mpe bobongoli Beljika bo Etuka to Région autonome o kati ya Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ. Ezali na ndimbola enene 'te o bobange bwa ye, province-mama ekoka kokoma o maboko ma mwana oyo ye akolisi na motema monso. === Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ === Province ya Kongo ebandisami na ba Lazariste ya Beljika. Sango [[Félix Dekempeneer]], mobandisi wa mission ya Bikoro, akomi o Kongo o mobu 1925, mpo ya kolengele boyei bwa ba nyango ba ''Filles de la Charité''. Mpe wana bamopesi mosala mwa bosangeli Nsango Elamu o etuka ya Bikoro. O ntango ena, mission ya Bikoro ezalaki na batu soko nkoto ntuku ibale, mpe mbele bakristu bobele nkoto yoko na ndambo to nkoto ibale. O mobu 1959, mission ya Bikoro ekomi Diocesi mpe Mgr [[Camille Vandekerkove]], lazariste, akomaki [[Episkopo]] wa yambo ya Diocesi ena. Basango Lazaristes babandisi ba [[paroisse]] iye: Bikoro St. Vincent wa Paul (1926), [[Irebu]] Notre Dame du Chenal (1928), [[Lukolela]] Sacré-Coeur (1933), [[Bokongo]] Sainte Famille (1936), [[Yumbi]] Christ-Roi (1938), [[Bolobo Notre Dame (1946), [[Itipo]] Saint Joseph (1948), [[Iboko]] Notre Dame de la Médaille Miraculeuse (1956), [[Mooto]] Saint Emille (1962), mpe [[Momboyo]] Martyrs d'ouganda (1963). Ut'o mobu 1975, nsima ya liwa lya Mgr Camille, diocesi ya Bikoro esangani na eye ya [[Mbandaka]]. Nkombo ya diocèse ekomi Archidiocèse de Mbandaka-Bikoro. Liboso o bokambemi bwa Mgr [[Pierre Wijnants]], wa lingomba lya ba Missionnaire du Sacré-Coeur, na nsima o bokambemi bwa Mgr [[Frédéric Etsou]], oyo akomi lelo Cardinal mpe Episkopo wa lokumu wa [[Kinshasa]]. Lelo, Archidiocèse ya Mbandaka-Bikoro ezali o maboko ma Mgr [[Joseph Nkumuondala]]. O mobu 1982, ba Lazaristes bakamati paroisse Notre Dame du Congo na Mbandaka. Nsima bazwaki mpe Paroisse St. Paul Apôtre (1992-1998) na Mbandaka. Bobele o engumba ya Mbandaka, bafungoli ndako "Félix Dekempeneer", eye ekoyangela [[Cité Elikya]] mpo ya kobokolo mpe kosalisa bana to bilenge baye bazangi mosala (1998). Na Kinshasa ba Lazariste bazali kosala o paroisse St Adrien ya Ngaba ut'o mobu 1986. Bobele na Kinshasa, bafungoli ndako ya boyambi basango bazali na lipaya na [[Limete]] (1991). Bazwi mpe mosala mwa bokambi bato ba mpasi na lopitalo St. Joseph. Awa babandi kozwa bana mboka baye balingi kolanda nzela ya mosantu Vincent awa na mboka Kongo, bafungoli ndako ya boyekoli ibale : O mobu 1981, Séminaire Interne (noviciat) "Source de vie" na [[Bokongo]], eye eleki na Itipo ut'o 1994. Na mobu 1985, bafungoli likindo linene to Scolasticat Saint Vincent de Paul, na [[Kimwenza]] (Kinshasa) mpo ya baye bakoyekolaka philosophie mpe théologie. Na moi mwa lelo, Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ ezali na ba missionnaire 34 (ba nganga-Nzambe 32, diakono moko mpe mofulele moko) na bilenge ba likindo 27. Mpo etali bikolo bya bango, ba missionnaire bakabwani boye : 21 bazali ba congolais, 9 polonais, 2 belges, 1 hollandais mpe 1 italien. Ba lazariste congolais babale bazali missionnaire na Algérie mpe na Cameroun. Mosusu asengeli kokenda bo Directeur ya Séminaire interne na [[Kamerun]]. Lazariste polonais moko wa province ya Congo azali kosala mosala na Beljika. Ba Lazariste basusu banei bauti o province ya Kɔ́ngɔ bazali sika kosala o ekolo [[Chine]] (1 hollandais) mpe na [[Haïti]] (2 polonais), mpe na [[Gresi]] (1 polonais). ==== Misala mya ba Lazariste o Kɔ́ngɔ ==== O Archidiocese ya Mbandaka-Bikoro, basango ba Lazariste bazali kokamba ba paroisse mwambi (8). Mosala mwa bango motali mingi mpenza: * Bokolisi bakristu o nzela ya boyambi, o kati ya masanga make to Communauté Ecclésiale de Base (CEB), engebene na mwango mwa Eklezya ya Kɔ́ngɔ. * Bopesi mateya na bakatekisi to na ba laïc basusu baponami mpo ya kokamba masanga ma bakristu o mboka. Mateya mango makopesama mpo ya mobu moko na "Centre de Formation chrétienne de Bikoro". Epai esusu, "Centre d'Animation Missionnaire" ezali koteya ba mission populaire mpe kolengele ba laïc mpe bakambi ba mangomba ma apostolat. * Misala mya botomboli bomoto mpe mboka; bolendisi o misala mya bilanga; botongi biteyelo mpe Ndako-Nzambe o mboka na mpe misala misusu ndenge na ndenge miye mitali bolamu bwa bato Bo bana ba Santu Vincent, ba Lazariste bazali kotiya motema mpe na boluki nzela kani bakoki kosalisa bilenge bazangi mosala (Cité Elikya na Mbandaka) na mpe bato ba mpasi (Lopitalo St. Joseph na Kinshasa). Lokola bazali o libota linene lya Santu Vincent, ba Lazariste bazali kosala manso mpo ya bokolisi bomoko o kati ya bango na mangomba masusu maye mazali kolanda ndakisa ya Santu Vincent (ndakisa : Filles de la Charité, Religieux de St. Vincent de Paul na basusu bayike). Bayangeli ba mangomba mana manso bakokutanaka mbala na mbala na Kinshasa mpo ya mateya mpe bisambo. Mosala mwa bango o kati ya ba Laïc baye bazali kolanda mpe ndakisa ya Santu Vincent mozali komonana mingi mpenza na nzela ya lingomba to "Association de la Médaille Miraculeuse", eye euti kobanda awa na Congo, na nzela ya Société de Saint Vincent de Paul, Jeunesse Mariale Vincentienne, na mpe masanga masusu malandi mosantu Vincent. === Région ya Beljika === ==== Leuven ==== Ndako ya Leuven ekosalaka mosala mwa "procure" mpo ya Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ : Bosombi mpe botindi biloko mpo ya ba Lazariste bazali o Kongo. Ndako ya boyambi ba Lazaristes baye bayei kopemisa nzoto (bazali na congé) to mpe baye bazali kobela. Ndako ya bopemi mpo ya bandeko baye bakomi mibange to baye bazali kobela. Ba Lazariste baye bavandi o ndako ya Leuven bazali mpe kosala misala na lopitalo (lokola aumônier to lokola volontaire), bakotalaka batu baye bazali na mikakatano, bakosanganaka na mangomba ya losambo (groupes de prière) mpe bakosalisaka ba Filles de la Charité baye bakolobaka flamand. ==== Lessines ==== Ndako-Nzambe ya Lessines esalemi na bokundoli bomilakisi bwa Ngondo Mosantu Maria na rue du Bac (Paris). Mokolo mwa yambo mwa poso inso, lisanga Association de la Médaille Miraculeuse likosambelaka losambo la novena (na 20h ). Tokoyambaka mpe bakristu balingi koleka o sanctuaire (ba pèlerin), ezala moto moko moko to mpe lisanga. Poso nyonso ya nsuka ya sanza ya mitano, tosalaka losambo lonene la novena o bokambemi bwa nganga-Nzambe moko auti epai esusu mpo ya kolendisa bana ba Mama Maria. Bokutani bona bwa losambo bokosangisaka bandeko banso ba Belgique baye bamesani koya epai ya Mama. Lokasa to revue mensuelle moko (2000 exemplaires) lozali kosangisa bayebani ba biso banso. Ndako-Nzambe ya biso esalaka mpe misala minso mikosalemaka o paroisse. Moko wa ba nganga-Nzambe ba sanctuaire azali na kati ya baye bakoteyaka o ba paroisse ya doyenné ya Lessines. ==== Liège ==== Maison "ad instar domus" Ba Lazariste ba Liège bavandi esika yoko te, kasi bazali motema moko na mosala : Na bosalisi banyango ba Filles de la Charité, mangomba ma bilenge mpe na boteyi bakristu na ba ndako. Na bosalisi baye bayei lipaya na Belgique (immigrés) na mpe baye bakimi bitumba na mobulu o mboka ya bango (réfugiés). Tozali kosalisa bango na biloko, kobunda mpo ya makoki mpe bomoto ya bango. {| class="WSerieV" id="WSerie_Christianisme" tableborder="1" cellspacing="0" style="padding: 0.3em; float:right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 5px 1em; border:1px solid #669966; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; background:#BBCCCC; text-align:center;" {{Religions}} |} [[category:relijió]] [[category:boklísto]] [[de:Lazaristen]] [[en:Lazarists]] [[fr:Lazaristes]] [[nl:Lazaristen]] [[pt:Congregação da Missão]] [[ru:Лазаристы]] [[zh:遣使会]] 9759 2006-11-13T11:30:10Z 160.85.2.50 /* Liège */ [[Image:StVdP.jpg|thumb|Santu Vincent wa Paul]] '''Congrégation de la Mission (Lazariste)''' ebandi o mobu [[1625]] o engumba [[Pari]]. Kasi ut'o ebandela, mosala mwa lingomba lina moyebanaki mpe o bikolo bisusu. Lingomba ya Mission lisangisi ba nganga-[[Nzámbe]] na mpe ba mofulele. Bango batangemi ba ''Religieux'' te, ata ko bakosalaka bilako. Likanisi ya Mosantu [[Vincent wa Paul]] lizalaki 'te akoka kobongisa lingomba lyoko na ntina ya kozala mpe kosala mosala lisanga na bato banso ba mokili. Engebene na mibeko mya Eklezya, bakotanga lyango "société de vie apostolique". == Ntina ya lingomba == Lingomba lya Mission lizali kosangela nsango elamu na babola, na nguya ya elimo ya [[Yesu|Yesu Kristu]]. Mosala mokotinda ba Lazariste bazala na bizaleli biye : * Kolinga kosala liboso mpenza kati ya babola : bosangeli Nsango Elamu na babola, yango nde elembo'te bokonzi bwa likolo bokomi penepene (cf. Mt 11,5) ; * Kozala mpe na bokebi na makambo ma mokili, mingi mpenza koluka koyeba ntina ya bokeseni mpe bozangi bosembo o bokaboli nkita na kati ya mokili. wana nde kosala mosala mwa profeta o bosangeli Nsango Elamu; * Koyeba kokabola na babola mpasi ya bango, na ntina 'te bobele biso toteya bango te, kasi bango mpe basangela biso Nsango Elamu. * Kozala banso lisanga mpo ya kokolisa bolingani mpe bosalisani o kati ya lingomba. * Kozala na esengo soki lingomba lisengi biso tokende bipai binso na mokili, lokola ba missionnaire ba yambo ba lingomba bapesi biso ndakisa. * Moko moko mpe biso banso lisanga tokoluka ntango inso kobongola motema, lokola Santu Polo akoloba na biso : "bolanda ezalela ya bato ba nse eye te, kasi bokoma bato ba mayele ma sika." (Rm 12,2) (Constitution art.12). == Lingomba lizali kosala mosala wapi? == Lingomba ya Mission likabwani na ba 45 Provinces ntuku inei na itano, na 3 Vice-provinces isato. O molongo mobimba, lingomba lizali kosala na bikolo ntuku mwambi,bikabwani o bituka to continent inso: [[Afrika]], [[Amerika]], [[Autralie]], [[Asia]] (kin'o [[Chine]]) mpe [[Eropa]]. == Tozali boni o kati ya lingomba? == O mobu 1998, lingomba ya Mission lizalaki na ba membre 4193. O kati ya bango. {| |Baepiskopo bazali |29 |- |Banganga-Nzámbe |3191 |- |Ba mofulele |203 |- |Ba diakono na bai-likindo basali séminaire interne |770 |} O mibu miye, motango mwa baye bazali kokota na lingomba o bikolo bya Europa mozali moke mpenza. Kasi o bikolo bya Afrika na Amerika ya nse, motango mona mokoli mingi mpenza. == Misala mya lingomba ut'o kala == Engebene na mibeko mya lingomba, * Uto ebandela, lingomba ya Mission lizali koteya ba mission populaire na ba paroisse. * Lingomba lizali mpe kosangela o bikolo biye biyoki naino Nsango Elamu te (mission "ad gentes"). Ezala o bikolo biyebanaka lokola bikolo bya bopalanginyi eyamba to " pays de Mission " (Afrika, Asia, Australie), ezala mpe sik'oyo na [[Albania]], mpe bikolo [[Ukraina]], [[Siberia]], [[Lituania]], [[Tanzania]], [[Bisanga Salomom]], [[Cuba]], [[Taiwan]], [[Mozambique]] na mpe bisusu. * O bikolo biyike, ba Lazariste bazali kokoba mosala mwa bobokoli bilenge o nzela ya bonganga na makindo (ba Séminaire), mingi mpenza bikolo bizangi ba nganga-Nzambe ba bangomei (clergé autochtone). * Basango bazali kosalisa ba Filles de charités na nzela ya molimo, mpe mangomba masusu ya ba laic mabandisami na mosantu Vincent (lokola AIC) to mazali kolanda nzela eye alakisaki o kati ya Eklezya mpe mokili (Société de Saint-Vincent de Paul, Association de la Médaille miraculeuse, Jeunesse Mariale Vincentienne...). * O bikolo bisusu, biteyelo bizali apostolat enene, banda biye bya yambo kin'o biye bya likolo (universités) ([[Philippines]], [[USA]] ). == Mioko misala mya sika == Ba Lazariste basusu bazali kosala elongo na batu bavandi pene na bikunde binene bya bosoto na bingumba (lokola na Payatas, Philippines). Basusu bazali kosalisa bilenge biye batukoli nzotu na bomeli makaya makasi (ba drogué), bato bakobela sida (na Europa), bato bakufa matoi (o Irlande), bitumbe, bana bazali kokola o ba balabala (ba shegué) mpe batu bazangi ndako. Ba Lazariste basusu bazali kosala mpo ya botomboli bomoi na mayele ma batu baye bazali naino na bizaleli bya kala (indigènes), to ya baye bakovandaka esika yoko te (ba Tzigane). O [[Brésil]], ba Lazariste bakosala mpe apostolat pene na batambwisi mituka minene (ba camioneur), baye bakozalaka ntango inso se na nzela. Basusu bazali kosalisa bato bakimi bitumba to kwokoso isusu, (réfugiés), to baye bazangi minkanda ya leta (sans papiers) mpe koteya bilenge bazangi misala. (o Mputu) Bakosala mpe mpo ya bokolisi masanga make ma bakristu to Communautés Ecclésiales de Base, na mpe mpo ya ba laïc baye bakokamba masanga mana. Basusu bakoluka kokolisa lolenge la mosala mosantu Vincent alakisaki o ntei ya biteyelo mpe ya ba université. Basusu bakomipesa o masanga ma bomanyoli bomoi bwa bamibonza, bobokoli bana na bilenge, ntina ya boboyi koyamba (athéisme), nzela ya bopesi mpe bozwi nsango, pastorale ya mabota na mpe masalisi ndenge na ndenge matali ezaleli mpe bomoto. Tokokuta mpe ba Lazariste basusu bakopesa mateya o biteyelo bya bokolisi boyambi mpe bomoto, ezala biye bya ba diocèse, ezala biye bya lingomba lya Mission to mpe biye bya mangomba masusu. == SIEV mpe CIF == Mpo ya bokolisi mposa ya boyekoli bomoi, misala mya mosantu Vincent mpe elimo atikeli biso, lisanga lyoko likelami na nkombo "Secrétariat International d'Etudes Vincentiennes" (SIEV). SIEV ezali kolengele sanza yoko ya mateya (mois vincentien) na [[Pari]] mpo ya ba Lazariste (babandi mpe kondima mangomba masusu maye makolandaka ndakisa ya mosantu Vincent). Kaka o mboka Paris, babandisi "Centre International de Formation Saint-Vincent" (CIF). Ezali kopesa mateya ma recyclage mpo ya ba Lazariste bazali na mibu 35 kin'o 50. == Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Beljika == O ekolo [[Beljika]], ndako ya liboso ya lingomba lya Mission efungwamaki na [[Liège]] na 1902. Ndako ya yambo ya lingomba o Kɔ́ngɔ efungwami na [[Bikoro]] (Mbandaka) na 1926. Na 1929 bafungoli ndako ya [[Leuven]] mpe 1952 eye ya [[Lessines]]. O mobu 1947, ndako inso isangani o Province ya Beljika mpe ''Congo Belge'' ekomi "mission" ya Province ena. O mobu 1991, na botalaka 'te ba Lazariste bazali lisusu mingi te o Beljika mpe awa motango mwa bango mokomi kokola o ekolo [[Kongo|Kɔ́ngɔ]], Bakonzi ba lingomba bazwi mokano mwa bokomisi Kongo Province mpe bobongoli Beljika bo Etuka to Région autonome o kati ya Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ. Ezali na ndimbola enene 'te o bobange bwa ye, province-mama ekoka kokoma o maboko ma mwana oyo ye akolisi na motema monso. === Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ === Province ya Kongo ebandisami na ba Lazariste ya Beljika. Sango [[Félix Dekempeneer]], mobandisi wa mission ya Bikoro, akomi o Kongo o mobu 1925, mpo ya kolengele boyei bwa ba nyango ba ''Filles de la Charité''. Mpe wana bamopesi mosala mwa bosangeli Nsango Elamu o etuka ya Bikoro. O ntango ena, mission ya Bikoro ezalaki na batu soko nkoto ntuku ibale, mpe mbele bakristu bobele nkoto yoko na ndambo to nkoto ibale. O mobu 1959, mission ya Bikoro ekomi Diocesi mpe Mgr [[Camille Vandekerkove]], lazariste, akomaki [[Episkopo]] wa yambo ya Diocesi ena. Basango Lazaristes babandisi ba [[paroisse]] iye: Bikoro St. Vincent wa Paul (1926), [[Irebu]] Notre Dame du Chenal (1928), [[Lukolela]] Sacré-Coeur (1933), [[Bokongo]] Sainte Famille (1936), [[Yumbi]] Christ-Roi (1938), [[Bolobo Notre Dame (1946), [[Itipo]] Saint Joseph (1948), [[Iboko]] Notre Dame de la Médaille Miraculeuse (1956), [[Mooto]] Saint Emille (1962), mpe [[Momboyo]] Martyrs d'ouganda (1963). Ut'o mobu 1975, nsima ya liwa lya Mgr Camille, diocesi ya Bikoro esangani na eye ya [[Mbandaka]]. Nkombo ya diocèse ekomi Archidiocèse de Mbandaka-Bikoro. Liboso o bokambemi bwa Mgr [[Pierre Wijnants]], wa lingomba lya ba Missionnaire du Sacré-Coeur, na nsima o bokambemi bwa Mgr [[Frédéric Etsou]], oyo akomi lelo Cardinal mpe Episkopo wa lokumu wa [[Kinshasa]]. Lelo, Archidiocèse ya Mbandaka-Bikoro ezali o maboko ma Mgr [[Joseph Nkumuondala]]. O mobu 1982, ba Lazaristes bakamati paroisse Notre Dame du Congo na Mbandaka. Nsima bazwaki mpe Paroisse St. Paul Apôtre (1992-1998) na Mbandaka. Bobele o engumba ya Mbandaka, bafungoli ndako "Félix Dekempeneer", eye ekoyangela [[Cité Elikya]] mpo ya kobokolo mpe kosalisa bana to bilenge baye bazangi mosala (1998). Na Kinshasa ba Lazariste bazali kosala o paroisse St Adrien ya Ngaba ut'o mobu 1986. Bobele na Kinshasa, bafungoli ndako ya boyambi basango bazali na lipaya na [[Limete]] (1991). Bazwi mpe mosala mwa bokambi bato ba mpasi na lopitalo St. Joseph. Awa babandi kozwa bana mboka baye balingi kolanda nzela ya mosantu Vincent awa na mboka Kongo, bafungoli ndako ya boyekoli ibale : O mobu 1981, Séminaire Interne (noviciat) "Source de vie" na [[Bokongo]], eye eleki na Itipo ut'o 1994. Na mobu 1985, bafungoli likindo linene to Scolasticat Saint Vincent de Paul, na [[Kimwenza]] (Kinshasa) mpo ya baye bakoyekolaka philosophie mpe théologie. Na moi mwa lelo, Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ ezali na ba missionnaire 34 (ba nganga-Nzambe 32, diakono moko mpe mofulele moko) na bilenge ba likindo 27. Mpo etali bikolo bya bango, ba missionnaire bakabwani boye : 21 bazali ba congolais, 9 polonais, 2 belges, 1 hollandais mpe 1 italien. Ba lazariste congolais babale bazali missionnaire na Algérie mpe na Cameroun. Mosusu asengeli kokenda bo Directeur ya Séminaire interne na [[Kamerun]]. Lazariste polonais moko wa province ya Congo azali kosala mosala na Beljika. Ba Lazariste basusu banei bauti o province ya Kɔ́ngɔ bazali sika kosala o ekolo [[Chine]] (1 hollandais) mpe na [[Haïti]] (2 polonais), mpe na [[Gresi]] (1 polonais). ==== Misala mya ba Lazariste o Kɔ́ngɔ ==== O Archidiocese ya Mbandaka-Bikoro, basango ba Lazariste bazali kokamba ba paroisse mwambi (8). Mosala mwa bango motali mingi mpenza: * Bokolisi bakristu o nzela ya boyambi, o kati ya masanga make to Communauté Ecclésiale de Base (CEB), engebene na mwango mwa Eklezya ya Kɔ́ngɔ. * Bopesi mateya na bakatekisi to na ba laïc basusu baponami mpo ya kokamba masanga ma bakristu o mboka. Mateya mango makopesama mpo ya mobu moko na "Centre de Formation chrétienne de Bikoro". Epai esusu, "Centre d'Animation Missionnaire" ezali koteya ba mission populaire mpe kolengele ba laïc mpe bakambi ba mangomba ma apostolat. * Misala mya botomboli bomoto mpe mboka; bolendisi o misala mya bilanga; botongi biteyelo mpe Ndako-Nzambe o mboka na mpe misala misusu ndenge na ndenge miye mitali bolamu bwa bato Bo bana ba Santu Vincent, ba Lazariste bazali kotiya motema mpe na boluki nzela kani bakoki kosalisa bilenge bazangi mosala (Cité Elikya na Mbandaka) na mpe bato ba mpasi (Lopitalo St. Joseph na Kinshasa). Lokola bazali o libota linene lya Santu Vincent, ba Lazariste bazali kosala manso mpo ya bokolisi bomoko o kati ya bango na mangomba masusu maye mazali kolanda ndakisa ya Santu Vincent (ndakisa : Filles de la Charité, Religieux de St. Vincent de Paul na basusu bayike). Bayangeli ba mangomba mana manso bakokutanaka mbala na mbala na Kinshasa mpo ya mateya mpe bisambo. Mosala mwa bango o kati ya ba Laïc baye bazali kolanda mpe ndakisa ya Santu Vincent mozali komonana mingi mpenza na nzela ya lingomba to "Association de la Médaille Miraculeuse", eye euti kobanda awa na Congo, na nzela ya Société de Saint Vincent de Paul, Jeunesse Mariale Vincentienne, na mpe masanga masusu malandi mosantu Vincent. === Région ya Beljika === ==== Leuven ==== Ndako ya Leuven ekosalaka mosala mwa "procure" mpo ya Province ya Kɔ́ngɔ : Bosombi mpe botindi biloko mpo ya ba Lazariste bazali o Kongo. Ndako ya boyambi ba Lazaristes baye bayei kopemisa nzoto (bazali na congé) to mpe baye bazali kobela. Ndako ya bopemi mpo ya bandeko baye bakomi mibange to baye bazali kobela. Ba Lazariste baye bavandi o ndako ya Leuven bazali mpe kosala misala na lopitalo (lokola aumônier to lokola volontaire), bakotalaka batu baye bazali na mikakatano, bakosanganaka na mangomba ya losambo (groupes de prière) mpe bakosalisaka ba Filles de la Charité baye bakolobaka flamand. ==== Lessines ==== Ndako-Nzambe ya Lessines esalemi na bokundoli bomilakisi bwa Ngondo Mosantu Maria na rue du Bac (Paris). Mokolo mwa yambo mwa poso inso, lisanga Association de la Médaille Miraculeuse likosambelaka losambo la novena (na 20h ). Tokoyambaka mpe bakristu balingi koleka o sanctuaire (ba pèlerin), ezala moto moko moko to mpe lisanga. Poso nyonso ya nsuka ya sanza ya mitano, tosalaka losambo lonene la novena o bokambemi bwa nganga-Nzambe moko auti epai esusu mpo ya kolendisa bana ba Mama Maria. Bokutani bona bwa losambo bokosangisaka bandeko banso ba Belgique baye bamesani koya epai ya Mama. Lokasa to revue mensuelle moko (2000 exemplaires) lozali kosangisa bayebani ba biso banso. Ndako-Nzambe ya biso esalaka mpe misala minso mikosalemaka o paroisse. Moko wa ba nganga-Nzambe ba sanctuaire azali na kati ya baye bakoteyaka o ba paroisse ya doyenné ya Lessines. ==== Liège ==== Maison "ad instar domus" Ba Lazariste ba Liège bavandi esika yoko te, kasi bazali motema moko na mosala : Na bosalisi banyango ba Filles de la Charité, mangomba ma bilenge mpe na boteyi bakristu na ba ndako. Na bosalisi baye bayei lipaya na Belgique (immigrés) na mpe baye bakimi bitumba na mobulu o mboka ya bango (réfugiés). Tozali kosalisa bango na biloko, kobunda mpo ya makoki mpe bomoto ya bango. {| class="WSerieV" id="WSerie_Christianisme" tableborder="1" cellspacing="0" style="padding: 0.3em; float:right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 5px 1em; border:1px solid #669966; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; background:#BBCCCC; text-align:center;" {{Religions}} |} [[category:relijió]] [[category:boklísto]] [[Category:Katolike]] [[de:Lazaristen]] [[en:Lazarists]] [[fr:Lazaristes]] [[nl:Lazaristen]] [[pt:Congregação da Missão]] [[ru:Лазаристы]] [[zh:遣使会]] Vincent wa Paul 1836 6329 2005-09-27T14:42:50Z Bombo 12 [[Image:StVdP.jpg|thumb|Santu Vincent wa Paul]] '''Vincent wa Paul''' (1581 - 1660) abotami o mboka [[Pouy]], pene na engumba ya [[Dax]], o mabele ma [[Landes]], na ekolo [[Falansia]]. Azali mwana wa basato o libota lya ye (bato ba bilanga). Kino mibu zomi na mitano akoli se o libota lyango, akaboli mpasi elongo na bandeko banso. Kasi nsima ena, abandi koyenga yenga, mibu zomi na misato mobimba, akabwani na bandeko na ntina 'te akima bobola. O eleko ena, bonganga-Nzambe bozalaki nzela ya kokoma moto mpe ya kosalisa libota. Vincent wa Paul akanisaki kobikisa na nzela ena libota lya ye. Yango wana akuli bonganga na mibu zomi na libwa. Kasi manso maleki lokola Vincent akanisaki te. Ekolo Falansia ezalaki na mikakatano. Batu bazalaki lisusu na makoki te mpe bitumba ezali kovandisa batu na nzala enene. Banganga-Nzambe mpe bazalaki na mpasi, bakisa mpe myoko mimesano mibe. Yango etindi Vincent abongola makanisi ma yé : aluki kopesa bomoi bwa ye mpo ya babola banso. O mobu 1617, makambo mabale mamemi ye na mbongwana ena. O sanza ya yambo ya mobu mona, babengi ye akenda kosalisa moto moko alingi awei. Banso bazalaki komona moto ona lokola nsuka ya moto molamu. Kasi yemei ayebisi Vincent 'te soki asikolaka molimo mwa ye na sakramentu ya ntubela te, mbele awei na masumu maluti. Bobola bona bwa molimo bobeti motema mwa Vincent mingi. Se o mobu mona, mokolo moko mwa sanza ya mwambi, na ngonga alingi kobanda losambo la misa, bayeli yé nsango 'te libota lyoko lizali na mpasi, mpe banso ba libota nde bakufi soki bazwi lisalisi te. Vincent wa Paul alendisi bakristu 'te basalisa bango. Aluki mpe kobongisa lisalisi lina. Bobola bona bwa nzoto bobeti mpe motema mwa Vincent wa Paul. Banda ntango ena nde aluki ntango inso o mosala mwa ye kobikisa na molimo mpe na nzoto ya bato, mingi mpenza babola. Ut'o mobu 1617, Vincent wa Paul amipesi na kosalela Nsango Elamu mpe baninga: "Mbala inso bosalaki bongo na moko wa bandeko ba ngai, bosalaki ngai moko" (Mt 25, 40). Vincent wa Paul akosakola nsima ya [[Kristu]]: ''Elimo wa Nzambe akiteli ngai, zambi Mokonzi apakoli ngai mafuta masantu; mpo 'te nasangela babola Nsango Elamu... " (Lc 4, 18). Bomoi bwa ye mobimba amipesi na babola ; asalisi mpe bato ba nkita mpo 'te bayeba komipesa o mosala mya babola bango bazali "bankumu mpe bakonzi ba biso". Bakristu baike basangani, bamipesi motema mobimba o mosala mwango mpo ya lifuta te, mingi mpenza bamama, baye asangisi o lisanga na nkombo ''confrerie de la charité" (eyebani lelo na nkombo ''Association Internationale des Charités''). Lisanga lina nde liboti, o mobu 1633, lingomba lya ba ''Filles de la charité'', liye Vincent abandisi elongo na [[Louise de Marillac]]. Mpe o mobu 1625 akeli lingomba lya basango [[Lazariste]] to "Congrégation de la Mission"; bamipesa na babola bipai binso, yambo mpenza o bituka bike; basikola milimo mibungi; basunga Eklezya, bateya o likindo mpe baluka bopeto bwa bango moko. Vincent wa Paul amipesi na kobongisa bosalisani, akongoli mbongo na biloko mpo ya kosalisa bituka bya Falansia bizalaki na bitumba, aluki mpe ndenge ya kobongisa bomoi bwa banganga-Nzambe na mpe bomoi o ba likindo. Asangisi makoki manso azwaki, asalisi bato ba mawa, abokoli bana bitike, bawei nzala na bato ba boloko, ba mpaka na bitula ndenge na ndenge, na mpe mabota mazalaki na mpasi. Ekosalisa ye moto, ayebi 'te moto ona azali o kati ya lisanga mpe lisanga lizali na etamboleli ya yango. Yango wana esengeli mpe koluka kobongisa bomoi mpe ezaleli ya masanga ma bato. Apesi babola lokumu (bazali "bankumu mpe bakonzi ba biso"), asikoli bomoi bwa bango mobimba. Alingi kotala mobola lokola moto mpamba te, kasi lokola moto oyo azali na nkombo. Alingi batu na ndenge ezali komonana. Azwi makasi ma kolakisa na Eklezya mpe na mokili mokumba mwa bango mpo ya libiki lya babola. Na maloba mpe na misala mya ye, abongoli makanisi ma bato mingi mpe bizaleli mingi bya ntango ya ye. Sekele to ndanga ya molende mwa ye mpe ya boyebi kosalisa nde : Elimo ya [[Yezu]] Kristu!  [(http://www.st-vincent-de-paul.org/) (Société Saint Vincent de Paul)] [[fr:Vinzenz de Paul]] [[de:Vinzenz von Paul]] [[en:Vincent de Paul]] [[la:Vincentius a Paulo]] [[pt:Vicente de Paulo]] [[vi:Vinh Sơn Phaolô]] 6477 2005-10-13T15:11:00Z Bombo 12 link [[Image:StVdP.jpg|thumb|Santu Vincent wa Paul]] '''Vincent wa Paul''' ([[1581]] - [[1660]]) abotami o mboka [[Pouy]], pene na engumba ya [[Dax]], o mabele ma [[Landes]], na ekolo [[Falansia]]. Azali mwana wa basato o libota lya ye (bato ba bilanga). Kino mibu zomi na mitano akoli se o libota lyango, akaboli mpasi elongo na bandeko banso. Kasi nsima ena, abandi koyenga yenga, mibu zomi na misato mobimba, akabwani na bandeko na ntina 'te akima bobola. O eleko ena, bonganga-Nzambe bozalaki nzela ya kokoma moto mpe ya kosalisa libota. Vincent wa Paul akanisaki kobikisa na nzela ena libota lya ye. Yango wana akuli bonganga na mibu zomi na libwa. Kasi manso maleki lokola Vincent akanisaki te. Ekolo Falansia ezalaki na mikakatano. Batu bazalaki lisusu na makoki te mpe bitumba ezali kovandisa batu na nzala enene. Banganga-Nzambe mpe bazalaki na mpasi, bakisa mpe myoko mimesano mibe. Yango etindi Vincent abongola makanisi ma yé: aluki kopesa bomoi bwa ye mpo ya babola banso. O mobu [[1617]], makambo mabale mamemi ye na mbongwana ena. O sanza ya yambo ya mobu mona, babengi ye akenda kosalisa moto moko alingi awei. Banso bazalaki komona moto ona lokola nsuka ya moto molamu. Kasi yemei ayebisi Vincent 'te soki asikolaka molimo mwa ye na sakramentu ya ntubela te, mbele awei na masumu maluti. Bobola bona bwa molimo bobeti motema mwa Vincent mingi. Se o mobu mona, mokolo moko mwa sanza ya mwambi, na ngonga alingi kobanda losambo la misa, bayeli yé nsango 'te libota lyoko lizali na mpasi, mpe banso ba libota nde bakufi soki bazwi lisalisi te. Vincent wa Paul alendisi bakristu 'te basalisa bango. Aluki mpe kobongisa lisalisi lina. Bobola bona bwa nzoto bobeti mpe motema mwa Vincent wa Paul. Banda ntango ena nde aluki ntango inso o mosala mwa ye kobikisa na molimo mpe na nzoto ya bato, mingi mpenza babola. == _ == Ut'o mobu 1617, Vincent wa Paul amipesi na kosalela Nsango Elamu mpe baninga: "Mbala inso bosalaki bongo na moko wa bandeko ba ngai, bosalaki ngai moko" (Mt 25, 40). Vincent wa Paul akosakola nsima ya [[Kristu]]: ''Elimo wa Nzambe akiteli ngai, zambi Mokonzi apakoli ngai mafuta masantu; mpo 'te nasangela babola Nsango Elamu... " (Lc 4, 18). Bomoi bwa ye mobimba amipesi na babola; asalisi mpe bato ba nkita mpo 'te bayeba komipesa o mosala mya babola bango bazali "bankumu mpe bakonzi ba biso". Bakristu baike basangani, bamipesi motema mobimba o mosala mwango mpo ya lifuta te, mingi mpenza bamama, baye asangisi o lisanga na nkombo ''confrerie de la charité'' (eyebani lelo na nkombo ''Association Internationale des Charités''). Lisanga lina nde liboti, o mobu 1633, lingomba lya ba ''Filles de la charité'', liye Vincent abandisi elongo na [[Louise de Marillac]]. Mpe o mobu [[1625]] akeli lingomba lya basango [[Lazariste]] to "Congrégation de la Mission"; bamipesa na babola bipai binso, yambo mpenza o bituka bike; basikola milimo mibungi; basunga Eklezya, bateya o likindo mpe baluka bopeto bwa bango moko. Vincent wa Paul amipesi na kobongisa bosalisani, akongoli mbongo na biloko mpo ya kosalisa bituka bya Falansia bizalaki na bitumba, aluki mpe ndenge ya kobongisa bomoi bwa banganga-Nzambe na mpe bomoi o ba likindo. Asangisi makoki manso azwaki, asalisi bato ba mawa, abokoli bana bitike, bawei nzala na bato ba boloko, ba mpaka na bitula ndenge na ndenge, na mpe mabota mazalaki na mpasi. Ekosalisa ye moto, ayebi 'te moto ona azali o kati ya lisanga mpe lisanga lizali na etamboleli ya yango. Yango wana esengeli mpe koluka kobongisa bomoi mpe ezaleli ya masanga ma bato. Apesi babola lokumu (bazali "bankumu mpe bakonzi ba biso"), asikoli bomoi bwa bango mobimba. Alingi kotala mobola lokola moto mpamba te, kasi lokola moto oyo azali na nkombo. Alingi batu na ndenge ezali komonana. Azwi makasi ma kolakisa na Eklezya mpe na mokili mokumba mwa bango mpo ya libiki lya babola. Na maloba mpe na misala mya ye, abongoli makanisi ma bato mingi mpe bizaleli mingi bya ntango ya ye. Sekele to ndanga ya molende mwa ye mpe ya boyebi kosalisa nde : Elimo ya [[Yezu]] Kristu! ==Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia== [(http://www.st-vincent-de-paul.org/) (Société Saint Vincent de Paul)] [[fr:Vinzenz de Paul]] [[de:Vinzenz von Paul]] [[en:Vincent de Paul]] [[la:Vincentius a Paulo]] [[pt:Vicente de Paulo]] [[vi:Vinh Sơn Phaolô]] 6536 2005-10-18T12:11:19Z 160.85.2.50 [[Image:StVdP.jpg|thumb|Santu Vincent wa Paul]] '''Vincent wa Paul''' ([[1581]] - [[1660]]) abotami o mboka [[Pouy]], pene na engumba ya [[Dax]], o mabele ma [[Landes]], na ekolo [[Falansia]]. Azali mwana wa basato o libota lya ye (bato ba bilanga). Kino mibu zomi na mitano akoli se o libota lyango, akaboli mpasi elongo na bandeko banso. Kasi nsima ena, abandi koyenga yenga, mibu zomi na misato mobimba, akabwani na bandeko na ntina 'te akima bobola. O eleko ena, bonganga-Nzambe bozalaki nzela ya kokoma moto mpe ya kosalisa libota. Vincent wa Paul akanisaki kobikisa na nzela ena libota lya ye. Yango wana akuli bonganga na mibu zomi na libwa. Kasi manso maleki lokola Vincent akanisaki te. [[Ekolo]] Falansia ezalaki na mikakatano. Batu bazalaki lisusu na makoki te mpe bitumba ezali kovandisa batu na nzala enene. Banganga-[[Nzambe]] mpe bazalaki na mpasi, bakisa mpe myoko mimesano mibe. Yango etindi Vincent abongola makanisi ma yé: aluki kopesa bomoi bwa ye mpo ya babola banso. O mobu [[1617]], makambo mabale mamemi ye na mbongwana ena. O sanza ya yambo ya mobu mona, babengi ye akenda kosalisa moto moko alingi awei. Banso bazalaki komona moto ona lokola nsuka ya moto molamu. Kasi yemei ayebisi Vincent 'te soki asikolaka molimo mwa ye na sakramentu ya ntubela te, mbele awei na masumu maluti. Bobola bona bwa molimo bobeti motema mwa Vincent mingi. Se o mobu mona, mokolo moko mwa sanza ya mwambi, na ngonga alingi kobanda losambo la misa, bayeli yé nsango 'te libota lyoko lizali na mpasi, mpe banso ba libota nde bakufi soki bazwi lisalisi te. Vincent wa Paul alendisi bakristu 'te basalisa bango. Aluki mpe kobongisa lisalisi lina. Bobola bona bwa nzoto bobeti mpe motema mwa Vincent wa Paul. Banda ntango ena nde aluki ntango inso o mosala mwa ye kobikisa na molimo mpe na nzoto ya bato, mingi mpenza babola. == _ == Ut'o mobu 1617, Vincent wa Paul amipesi na kosalela Nsango Elamu mpe baninga: "Mbala inso bosalaki bongo na moko wa bandeko ba ngai, bosalaki ngai moko" (Mt 25, 40). Vincent wa Paul akosakola nsima ya [[Kristu]]: ''Elimo wa Nzambe akiteli ngai, zambi Mokonzi apakoli ngai mafuta masantu; mpo 'te nasangela babola Nsango Elamu... " (Lc 4, 18). Bomoi bwa ye mobimba amipesi na babola; asalisi mpe bato ba nkita mpo 'te bayeba komipesa o mosala mya babola bango bazali "bankumu mpe bakonzi ba biso". Bakristu baike basangani, bamipesi motema mobimba o mosala mwango mpo ya lifuta te, mingi mpenza bamama, baye asangisi o lisanga na nkombo ''confrerie de la charité'' (eyebani lelo na nkombo ''Association Internationale des Charités''). Lisanga lina nde liboti, o mobu 1633, lingomba lya ba ''Filles de la charité'', liye Vincent abandisi elongo na [[Louise de Marillac]]. Mpe o mobu [[1625]] akeli lingomba lya basango [[Lazariste]] to "Congrégation de la Mission"; bamipesa na babola bipai binso, yambo mpenza o bituka bike; basikola milimo mibungi; basunga Eklezya, bateya o likindo mpe baluka bopeto bwa bango moko. Vincent wa Paul amipesi na kobongisa bosalisani, akongoli mbongo na biloko mpo ya kosalisa bituka bya Falansia bizalaki na bitumba, aluki mpe ndenge ya kobongisa bomoi bwa banganga-Nzambe na mpe bomoi o ba likindo. Asangisi makoki manso azwaki, asalisi bato ba mawa, abokoli bana bitike, bawei nzala na bato ba boloko, ba mpaka na bitula ndenge na ndenge, na mpe mabota mazalaki na mpasi. Ekosalisa ye moto, ayebi 'te moto ona azali o kati ya lisanga mpe lisanga lizali na etamboleli ya yango. Yango wana esengeli mpe koluka kobongisa bomoi mpe ezaleli ya masanga ma bato. Apesi babola lokumu (bazali "bankumu mpe bakonzi ba biso"), asikoli bomoi bwa bango mobimba. Alingi kotala mobola lokola moto mpamba te, kasi lokola moto oyo azali na nkombo. Alingi batu na ndenge ezali komonana. Azwi makasi ma kolakisa na Eklezya mpe na mokili mokumba mwa bango mpo ya libiki lya babola. Na maloba mpe na misala mya ye, abongoli makanisi ma bato mingi mpe bizaleli mingi bya ntango ya ye. Sekele to ndanga ya molende mwa ye mpe ya boyebi kosalisa nde : Elimo ya [[Yezu]] Kristu! ==Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia== [(http://www.st-vincent-de-paul.org/) (Société Saint Vincent de Paul)] [[fr:Vinzenz de Paul]] [[de:Vinzenz von Paul]] [[en:Vincent de Paul]] [[la:Vincentius a Paulo]] [[pt:Vicente de Paulo]] [[vi:Vinh Sơn Phaolô]] 6553 2005-10-18T12:53:58Z Bombo 12 cat [[Image:StVdP.jpg|thumb|Santu Vincent wa Paul]] '''Vincent wa Paul''' ([[1581]] - [[1660]]) abotami o mboka [[Pouy]], pene na engumba ya [[Dax]], o mabele ma [[Landes]], na ekolo [[Falansia]]. Azali mwana wa basato o libota lya ye (bato ba bilanga). Kino mibu zomi na mitano akoli se o libota lyango, akaboli mpasi elongo na bandeko banso. Kasi nsima ena, abandi koyenga yenga, mibu zomi na misato mobimba, akabwani na bandeko na ntina 'te akima bobola. O eleko ena, bonganga-Nzambe bozalaki nzela ya kokoma moto mpe ya kosalisa libota. Vincent wa Paul akanisaki kobikisa na nzela ena libota lya ye. Yango wana akuli bonganga na mibu zomi na libwa. Kasi manso maleki lokola Vincent akanisaki te. [[Ekolo]] Falansia ezalaki na mikakatano. Batu bazalaki lisusu na makoki te mpe bitumba ezali kovandisa batu na nzala enene. Banganga-[[Nzambe]] mpe bazalaki na mpasi, bakisa mpe myoko mimesano mibe. Yango etindi Vincent abongola makanisi ma yé: aluki kopesa bomoi bwa ye mpo ya babola banso. O mobu [[1617]], makambo mabale mamemi ye na mbongwana ena. O sanza ya yambo ya mobu mona, babengi ye akenda kosalisa moto moko alingi awei. Banso bazalaki komona moto ona lokola nsuka ya moto molamu. Kasi yemei ayebisi Vincent 'te soki asikolaka molimo mwa ye na sakramentu ya ntubela te, mbele awei na masumu maluti. Bobola bona bwa molimo bobeti motema mwa Vincent mingi. Se o mobu mona, mokolo moko mwa sanza ya mwambi, na ngonga alingi kobanda losambo la misa, bayeli yé nsango 'te libota lyoko lizali na mpasi, mpe banso ba libota nde bakufi soki bazwi lisalisi te. Vincent wa Paul alendisi bakristu 'te basalisa bango. Aluki mpe kobongisa lisalisi lina. Bobola bona bwa nzoto bobeti mpe motema mwa Vincent wa Paul. Banda ntango ena nde aluki ntango inso o mosala mwa ye kobikisa na molimo mpe na nzoto ya bato, mingi mpenza babola. == _ == Ut'o mobu 1617, Vincent wa Paul amipesi na kosalela Nsango Elamu mpe baninga: "Mbala inso bosalaki bongo na moko wa bandeko ba ngai, bosalaki ngai moko" (Mt 25, 40). Vincent wa Paul akosakola nsima ya [[Kristu]]: ''Elimo wa Nzambe akiteli ngai, zambi Mokonzi apakoli ngai mafuta masantu; mpo 'te nasangela babola Nsango Elamu... " (Lc 4, 18). Bomoi bwa ye mobimba amipesi na babola; asalisi mpe bato ba nkita mpo 'te bayeba komipesa o mosala mya babola bango bazali "bankumu mpe bakonzi ba biso". Bakristu baike basangani, bamipesi motema mobimba o mosala mwango mpo ya lifuta te, mingi mpenza bamama, baye asangisi o lisanga na nkombo ''confrerie de la charité'' (eyebani lelo na nkombo ''Association Internationale des Charités''). Lisanga lina nde liboti, o mobu 1633, lingomba lya ba ''Filles de la charité'', liye Vincent abandisi elongo na [[Louise de Marillac]]. Mpe o mobu [[1625]] akeli lingomba lya basango [[Lazariste]] to "Congrégation de la Mission"; bamipesa na babola bipai binso, yambo mpenza o bituka bike; basikola milimo mibungi; basunga Eklezya, bateya o likindo mpe baluka bopeto bwa bango moko. Vincent wa Paul amipesi na kobongisa bosalisani, akongoli mbongo na biloko mpo ya kosalisa bituka bya Falansia bizalaki na bitumba, aluki mpe ndenge ya kobongisa bomoi bwa banganga-Nzambe na mpe bomoi o ba likindo. Asangisi makoki manso azwaki, asalisi bato ba mawa, abokoli bana bitike, bawei nzala na bato ba boloko, ba mpaka na bitula ndenge na ndenge, na mpe mabota mazalaki na mpasi. Ekosalisa ye moto, ayebi 'te moto ona azali o kati ya lisanga mpe lisanga lizali na etamboleli ya yango. Yango wana esengeli mpe koluka kobongisa bomoi mpe ezaleli ya masanga ma bato. Apesi babola lokumu (bazali "bankumu mpe bakonzi ba biso"), asikoli bomoi bwa bango mobimba. Alingi kotala mobola lokola moto mpamba te, kasi lokola moto oyo azali na nkombo. Alingi batu na ndenge ezali komonana. Azwi makasi ma kolakisa na Eklezya mpe na mokili mokumba mwa bango mpo ya libiki lya babola. Na maloba mpe na misala mya ye, abongoli makanisi ma bato mingi mpe bizaleli mingi bya ntango ya ye. Sekele to ndanga ya molende mwa ye mpe ya boyebi kosalisa nde : Elimo ya [[Yezu]] Kristu! ==Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia== [(http://www.st-vincent-de-paul.org/) (Société Saint Vincent de Paul)] [[fr:Vinzenz de Paul]] [[de:Vinzenz von Paul]] [[en:Vincent de Paul]] [[la:Vincentius a Paulo]] [[pt:Vicente de Paulo]] [[vi:Vinh Sơn Phaolô]] {| class="WSerieV" id="WSerie_Christianisme" tableborder="1" cellspacing="0" style="padding: 0.3em; float:right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 5px 1em; border:1px solid #669966; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; background:#BBCCCC; text-align:center;" {{Religions}} |} [[category:relijion]] [[category:boklísto]] 6991 2005-11-23T11:25:17Z Bombo 12 Relijion -> relijió [[Image:StVdP.jpg|thumb|Santu Vincent wa Paul]] '''Vincent wa Paul''' ([[1581]] - [[1660]]) abotami o mboka [[Pouy]], pene na engumba ya [[Dax]], o mabele ma [[Landes]], na ekolo [[Falansia]]. Azali mwana wa basato o libota lya ye (bato ba bilanga). Kino mibu zomi na mitano akoli se o libota lyango, akaboli mpasi elongo na bandeko banso. Kasi nsima ena, abandi koyenga yenga, mibu zomi na misato mobimba, akabwani na bandeko na ntina 'te akima bobola. O eleko ena, bonganga-Nzambe bozalaki nzela ya kokoma moto mpe ya kosalisa libota. Vincent wa Paul akanisaki kobikisa na nzela ena libota lya ye. Yango wana akuli bonganga na mibu zomi na libwa. Kasi manso maleki lokola Vincent akanisaki te. [[Ekolo]] Falansia ezalaki na mikakatano. Batu bazalaki lisusu na makoki te mpe bitumba ezali kovandisa batu na nzala enene. Banganga-[[Nzambe]] mpe bazalaki na mpasi, bakisa mpe myoko mimesano mibe. Yango etindi Vincent abongola makanisi ma yé: aluki kopesa bomoi bwa ye mpo ya babola banso. O mobu [[1617]], makambo mabale mamemi ye na mbongwana ena. O sanza ya yambo ya mobu mona, babengi ye akenda kosalisa moto moko alingi awei. Banso bazalaki komona moto ona lokola nsuka ya moto molamu. Kasi yemei ayebisi Vincent 'te soki asikolaka molimo mwa ye na sakramentu ya ntubela te, mbele awei na masumu maluti. Bobola bona bwa molimo bobeti motema mwa Vincent mingi. Se o mobu mona, mokolo moko mwa sanza ya mwambi, na ngonga alingi kobanda losambo la misa, bayeli yé nsango 'te libota lyoko lizali na mpasi, mpe banso ba libota nde bakufi soki bazwi lisalisi te. Vincent wa Paul alendisi bakristu 'te basalisa bango. Aluki mpe kobongisa lisalisi lina. Bobola bona bwa nzoto bobeti mpe motema mwa Vincent wa Paul. Banda ntango ena nde aluki ntango inso o mosala mwa ye kobikisa na molimo mpe na nzoto ya bato, mingi mpenza babola. == _ == Ut'o mobu 1617, Vincent wa Paul amipesi na kosalela Nsango Elamu mpe baninga: "Mbala inso bosalaki bongo na moko wa bandeko ba ngai, bosalaki ngai moko" (Mt 25, 40). Vincent wa Paul akosakola nsima ya [[Kristu]]: ''Elimo wa Nzambe akiteli ngai, zambi Mokonzi apakoli ngai mafuta masantu; mpo 'te nasangela babola Nsango Elamu... " (Lc 4, 18). Bomoi bwa ye mobimba amipesi na babola; asalisi mpe bato ba nkita mpo 'te bayeba komipesa o mosala mya babola bango bazali "bankumu mpe bakonzi ba biso". Bakristu baike basangani, bamipesi motema mobimba o mosala mwango mpo ya lifuta te, mingi mpenza bamama, baye asangisi o lisanga na nkombo ''confrerie de la charité'' (eyebani lelo na nkombo ''Association Internationale des Charités''). Lisanga lina nde liboti, o mobu 1633, lingomba lya ba ''Filles de la charité'', liye Vincent abandisi elongo na [[Louise de Marillac]]. Mpe o mobu [[1625]] akeli lingomba lya basango [[Lazariste]] to "Congrégation de la Mission"; bamipesa na babola bipai binso, yambo mpenza o bituka bike; basikola milimo mibungi; basunga Eklezya, bateya o likindo mpe baluka bopeto bwa bango moko. Vincent wa Paul amipesi na kobongisa bosalisani, akongoli mbongo na biloko mpo ya kosalisa bituka bya Falansia bizalaki na bitumba, aluki mpe ndenge ya kobongisa bomoi bwa banganga-Nzambe na mpe bomoi o ba likindo. Asangisi makoki manso azwaki, asalisi bato ba mawa, abokoli bana bitike, bawei nzala na bato ba boloko, ba mpaka na bitula ndenge na ndenge, na mpe mabota mazalaki na mpasi. Ekosalisa ye moto, ayebi 'te moto ona azali o kati ya lisanga mpe lisanga lizali na etamboleli ya yango. Yango wana esengeli mpe koluka kobongisa bomoi mpe ezaleli ya masanga ma bato. Apesi babola lokumu (bazali "bankumu mpe bakonzi ba biso"), asikoli bomoi bwa bango mobimba. Alingi kotala mobola lokola moto mpamba te, kasi lokola moto oyo azali na nkombo. Alingi batu na ndenge ezali komonana. Azwi makasi ma kolakisa na Eklezya mpe na mokili mokumba mwa bango mpo ya libiki lya babola. Na maloba mpe na misala mya ye, abongoli makanisi ma bato mingi mpe bizaleli mingi bya ntango ya ye. Sekele to ndanga ya molende mwa ye mpe ya boyebi kosalisa nde : Elimo ya [[Yezu]] Kristu! ==Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia== [(http://www.st-vincent-de-paul.org/) (Société Saint Vincent de Paul)] [[fr:Vinzenz de Paul]] [[de:Vinzenz von Paul]] [[en:Vincent de Paul]] [[la:Vincentius a Paulo]] [[pt:Vicente de Paulo]] [[vi:Vinh Sơn Phaolô]] {| class="WSerieV" id="WSerie_Christianisme" tableborder="1" cellspacing="0" style="padding: 0.3em; float:right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 5px 1em; border:1px solid #669966; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; background:#BBCCCC; text-align:center;" {{Religions}} |} [[category:relijió]] [[category:boklísto]] 7541 2006-01-06T08:40:26Z Moyogo 11 ekólo [[Image:StVdP.jpg|thumb|Santu Vincent wa Paul]] '''Vincent wa Paul''' ([[1581]] - [[1660]]) abotami o mboka [[Pouy]], pene na engumba ya [[Dax]], o mabele ma [[Landes]], na ekolo [[Falansia]]. Azali mwana wa basato o libota lya ye (bato ba bilanga). Kino mibu zomi na mitano akoli se o libota lyango, akaboli mpasi elongo na bandeko banso. Kasi nsima ena, abandi koyenga yenga, mibu zomi na misato mobimba, akabwani na bandeko na ntina 'te akima bobola. O eleko ena, bonganga-Nzambe bozalaki nzela ya kokoma moto mpe ya kosalisa libota. Vincent wa Paul akanisaki kobikisa na nzela ena libota lya ye. Yango wana akuli bonganga na mibu zomi na libwa. Kasi manso maleki lokola Vincent akanisaki te. [[Ekólo]] Falansia ezalaki na mikakatano. Batu bazalaki lisusu na makoki te mpe bitumba ezali kovandisa batu na nzala enene. Banganga-[[Nzambe]] mpe bazalaki na mpasi, bakisa mpe myoko mimesano mibe. Yango etindi Vincent abongola makanisi ma yé: aluki kopesa bomoi bwa ye mpo ya babola banso. O mobu [[1617]], makambo mabale mamemi ye na mbongwana ena. O sanza ya yambo ya mobu mona, babengi ye akenda kosalisa moto moko alingi awei. Banso bazalaki komona moto ona lokola nsuka ya moto molamu. Kasi yemei ayebisi Vincent 'te soki asikolaka molimo mwa ye na sakramentu ya ntubela te, mbele awei na masumu maluti. Bobola bona bwa molimo bobeti motema mwa Vincent mingi. Se o mobu mona, mokolo moko mwa sanza ya mwambi, na ngonga alingi kobanda losambo la misa, bayeli yé nsango 'te libota lyoko lizali na mpasi, mpe banso ba libota nde bakufi soki bazwi lisalisi te. Vincent wa Paul alendisi bakristu 'te basalisa bango. Aluki mpe kobongisa lisalisi lina. Bobola bona bwa nzoto bobeti mpe motema mwa Vincent wa Paul. Banda ntango ena nde aluki ntango inso o mosala mwa ye kobikisa na molimo mpe na nzoto ya bato, mingi mpenza babola. == _ == Ut'o mobu 1617, Vincent wa Paul amipesi na kosalela Nsango Elamu mpe baninga: "Mbala inso bosalaki bongo na moko wa bandeko ba ngai, bosalaki ngai moko" (Mt 25, 40). Vincent wa Paul akosakola nsima ya [[Kristu]]: ''Elimo wa Nzambe akiteli ngai, zambi Mokonzi apakoli ngai mafuta masantu; mpo 'te nasangela babola Nsango Elamu... " (Lc 4, 18). Bomoi bwa ye mobimba amipesi na babola; asalisi mpe bato ba nkita mpo 'te bayeba komipesa o mosala mya babola bango bazali "bankumu mpe bakonzi ba biso". Bakristu baike basangani, bamipesi motema mobimba o mosala mwango mpo ya lifuta te, mingi mpenza bamama, baye asangisi o lisanga na nkombo ''confrerie de la charité'' (eyebani lelo na nkombo ''Association Internationale des Charités''). Lisanga lina nde liboti, o mobu 1633, lingomba lya ba ''Filles de la charité'', liye Vincent abandisi elongo na [[Louise de Marillac]]. Mpe o mobu [[1625]] akeli lingomba lya basango [[Lazariste]] to "Congrégation de la Mission"; bamipesa na babola bipai binso, yambo mpenza o bituka bike; basikola milimo mibungi; basunga Eklezya, bateya o likindo mpe baluka bopeto bwa bango moko. Vincent wa Paul amipesi na kobongisa bosalisani, akongoli mbongo na biloko mpo ya kosalisa bituka bya Falansia bizalaki na bitumba, aluki mpe ndenge ya kobongisa bomoi bwa banganga-Nzambe na mpe bomoi o ba likindo. Asangisi makoki manso azwaki, asalisi bato ba mawa, abokoli bana bitike, bawei nzala na bato ba boloko, ba mpaka na bitula ndenge na ndenge, na mpe mabota mazalaki na mpasi. Ekosalisa ye moto, ayebi 'te moto ona azali o kati ya lisanga mpe lisanga lizali na etamboleli ya yango. Yango wana esengeli mpe koluka kobongisa bomoi mpe ezaleli ya masanga ma bato. Apesi babola lokumu (bazali "bankumu mpe bakonzi ba biso"), asikoli bomoi bwa bango mobimba. Alingi kotala mobola lokola moto mpamba te, kasi lokola moto oyo azali na nkombo. Alingi batu na ndenge ezali komonana. Azwi makasi ma kolakisa na Eklezya mpe na mokili mokumba mwa bango mpo ya libiki lya babola. Na maloba mpe na misala mya ye, abongoli makanisi ma bato mingi mpe bizaleli mingi bya ntango ya ye. Sekele to ndanga ya molende mwa ye mpe ya boyebi kosalisa nde : Elimo ya [[Yezu]] Kristu! ==Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia== [(http://www.st-vincent-de-paul.org/) (Société Saint Vincent de Paul)] [[fr:Vinzenz de Paul]] [[de:Vinzenz von Paul]] [[en:Vincent de Paul]] [[la:Vincentius a Paulo]] [[pt:Vicente de Paulo]] [[vi:Vinh Sơn Phaolô]] {| class="WSerieV" id="WSerie_Christianisme" tableborder="1" cellspacing="0" style="padding: 0.3em; float:right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 5px 1em; border:1px solid #669966; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; background:#BBCCCC; text-align:center;" {{Religions}} |} [[category:relijió]] [[category:boklísto]] 7946 2006-04-02T20:00:34Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: es, nl, ru Modifie: fr [[Image:StVdP.jpg|thumb|Santu Vincent wa Paul]] '''Vincent wa Paul''' ([[1581]] - [[1660]]) abotami o mboka [[Pouy]], pene na engumba ya [[Dax]], o mabele ma [[Landes]], na ekolo [[Falansia]]. Azali mwana wa basato o libota lya ye (bato ba bilanga). Kino mibu zomi na mitano akoli se o libota lyango, akaboli mpasi elongo na bandeko banso. Kasi nsima ena, abandi koyenga yenga, mibu zomi na misato mobimba, akabwani na bandeko na ntina 'te akima bobola. O eleko ena, bonganga-Nzambe bozalaki nzela ya kokoma moto mpe ya kosalisa libota. Vincent wa Paul akanisaki kobikisa na nzela ena libota lya ye. Yango wana akuli bonganga na mibu zomi na libwa. Kasi manso maleki lokola Vincent akanisaki te. [[Ekólo]] Falansia ezalaki na mikakatano. Batu bazalaki lisusu na makoki te mpe bitumba ezali kovandisa batu na nzala enene. Banganga-[[Nzambe]] mpe bazalaki na mpasi, bakisa mpe myoko mimesano mibe. Yango etindi Vincent abongola makanisi ma yé: aluki kopesa bomoi bwa ye mpo ya babola banso. O mobu [[1617]], makambo mabale mamemi ye na mbongwana ena. O sanza ya yambo ya mobu mona, babengi ye akenda kosalisa moto moko alingi awei. Banso bazalaki komona moto ona lokola nsuka ya moto molamu. Kasi yemei ayebisi Vincent 'te soki asikolaka molimo mwa ye na sakramentu ya ntubela te, mbele awei na masumu maluti. Bobola bona bwa molimo bobeti motema mwa Vincent mingi. Se o mobu mona, mokolo moko mwa sanza ya mwambi, na ngonga alingi kobanda losambo la misa, bayeli yé nsango 'te libota lyoko lizali na mpasi, mpe banso ba libota nde bakufi soki bazwi lisalisi te. Vincent wa Paul alendisi bakristu 'te basalisa bango. Aluki mpe kobongisa lisalisi lina. Bobola bona bwa nzoto bobeti mpe motema mwa Vincent wa Paul. Banda ntango ena nde aluki ntango inso o mosala mwa ye kobikisa na molimo mpe na nzoto ya bato, mingi mpenza babola. == _ == Ut'o mobu 1617, Vincent wa Paul amipesi na kosalela Nsango Elamu mpe baninga: "Mbala inso bosalaki bongo na moko wa bandeko ba ngai, bosalaki ngai moko" (Mt 25, 40). Vincent wa Paul akosakola nsima ya [[Kristu]]: ''Elimo wa Nzambe akiteli ngai, zambi Mokonzi apakoli ngai mafuta masantu; mpo 'te nasangela babola Nsango Elamu... " (Lc 4, 18). Bomoi bwa ye mobimba amipesi na babola; asalisi mpe bato ba nkita mpo 'te bayeba komipesa o mosala mya babola bango bazali "bankumu mpe bakonzi ba biso". Bakristu baike basangani, bamipesi motema mobimba o mosala mwango mpo ya lifuta te, mingi mpenza bamama, baye asangisi o lisanga na nkombo ''confrerie de la charité'' (eyebani lelo na nkombo ''Association Internationale des Charités''). Lisanga lina nde liboti, o mobu 1633, lingomba lya ba ''Filles de la charité'', liye Vincent abandisi elongo na [[Louise de Marillac]]. Mpe o mobu [[1625]] akeli lingomba lya basango [[Lazariste]] to "Congrégation de la Mission"; bamipesa na babola bipai binso, yambo mpenza o bituka bike; basikola milimo mibungi; basunga Eklezya, bateya o likindo mpe baluka bopeto bwa bango moko. Vincent wa Paul amipesi na kobongisa bosalisani, akongoli mbongo na biloko mpo ya kosalisa bituka bya Falansia bizalaki na bitumba, aluki mpe ndenge ya kobongisa bomoi bwa banganga-Nzambe na mpe bomoi o ba likindo. Asangisi makoki manso azwaki, asalisi bato ba mawa, abokoli bana bitike, bawei nzala na bato ba boloko, ba mpaka na bitula ndenge na ndenge, na mpe mabota mazalaki na mpasi. Ekosalisa ye moto, ayebi 'te moto ona azali o kati ya lisanga mpe lisanga lizali na etamboleli ya yango. Yango wana esengeli mpe koluka kobongisa bomoi mpe ezaleli ya masanga ma bato. Apesi babola lokumu (bazali "bankumu mpe bakonzi ba biso"), asikoli bomoi bwa bango mobimba. Alingi kotala mobola lokola moto mpamba te, kasi lokola moto oyo azali na nkombo. Alingi batu na ndenge ezali komonana. Azwi makasi ma kolakisa na Eklezya mpe na mokili mokumba mwa bango mpo ya libiki lya babola. Na maloba mpe na misala mya ye, abongoli makanisi ma bato mingi mpe bizaleli mingi bya ntango ya ye. Sekele to ndanga ya molende mwa ye mpe ya boyebi kosalisa nde : Elimo ya [[Yezu]] Kristu! ==Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia== [(http://www.st-vincent-de-paul.org/) (Société Saint Vincent de Paul)] {| class="WSerieV" id="WSerie_Christianisme" tableborder="1" cellspacing="0" style="padding: 0.3em; float:right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 5px 1em; border:1px solid #669966; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; background:#BBCCCC; text-align:center;" {{Religions}} |} [[category:relijió]] [[category:boklísto]] [[de:Vinzenz von Paul]] [[en:Vincent de Paul]] [[es:Vicente de Paul]] [[fr:Vincent de Paul]] [[la:Vincentius a Paulo]] [[nl:Vincentius a Paulo]] [[pt:Vicente de Paulo]] [[ru:Поль, Винсент де]] [[vi:Vinh Sơn Phaolô]] 8373 2006-06-12T10:26:14Z 160.85.2.50 [[Yezu]] > [[Yésu]] [[Image:StVdP.jpg|thumb|Santu Vincent wa Paul]] '''Vincent wa Paul''' ([[1581]] - [[1660]]) abotami o mboka [[Pouy]], pene na engumba ya [[Dax]], o mabele ma [[Landes]], na ekolo [[Falansia]]. Azali mwana wa basato o libota lya ye (bato ba bilanga). Kino mibu zomi na mitano akoli se o libota lyango, akaboli mpasi elongo na bandeko banso. Kasi nsima ena, abandi koyenga yenga, mibu zomi na misato mobimba, akabwani na bandeko na ntina 'te akima bobola. O eleko ena, bonganga-Nzambe bozalaki nzela ya kokoma moto mpe ya kosalisa libota. Vincent wa Paul akanisaki kobikisa na nzela ena libota lya ye. Yango wana akuli bonganga na mibu zomi na libwa. Kasi manso maleki lokola Vincent akanisaki te. [[Ekólo]] Falansia ezalaki na mikakatano. Batu bazalaki lisusu na makoki te mpe bitumba ezali kovandisa batu na nzala enene. Banganga-[[Nzambe]] mpe bazalaki na mpasi, bakisa mpe myoko mimesano mibe. Yango etindi Vincent abongola makanisi ma yé: aluki kopesa bomoi bwa ye mpo ya babola banso. O mobu [[1617]], makambo mabale mamemi ye na mbongwana ena. O sanza ya yambo ya mobu mona, babengi ye akenda kosalisa moto moko alingi awei. Banso bazalaki komona moto ona lokola nsuka ya moto molamu. Kasi yemei ayebisi Vincent 'te soki asikolaka molimo mwa ye na sakramentu ya ntubela te, mbele awei na masumu maluti. Bobola bona bwa molimo bobeti motema mwa Vincent mingi. Se o mobu mona, mokolo moko mwa sanza ya mwambi, na ngonga alingi kobanda losambo la misa, bayeli yé nsango 'te libota lyoko lizali na mpasi, mpe banso ba libota nde bakufi soki bazwi lisalisi te. Vincent wa Paul alendisi bakristu 'te basalisa bango. Aluki mpe kobongisa lisalisi lina. Bobola bona bwa nzoto bobeti mpe motema mwa Vincent wa Paul. Banda ntango ena nde aluki ntango inso o mosala mwa ye kobikisa na molimo mpe na nzoto ya bato, mingi mpenza babola. == _ == Ut'o mobu 1617, Vincent wa Paul amipesi na kosalela Nsango Elamu mpe baninga: "Mbala inso bosalaki bongo na moko wa bandeko ba ngai, bosalaki ngai moko" (Mt 25, 40). Vincent wa Paul akosakola nsima ya [[Yésu|Kristu]]: ''Elimo wa Nzambe akiteli ngai, zambi Mokonzi apakoli ngai mafuta masantu; mpo 'te nasangela babola Nsango Elamu... " (Lc 4, 18). Bomoi bwa ye mobimba amipesi na babola; asalisi mpe bato ba nkita mpo 'te bayeba komipesa o mosala mya babola bango bazali "bankumu mpe bakonzi ba biso". Bakristu baike basangani, bamipesi motema mobimba o mosala mwango mpo ya lifuta te, mingi mpenza bamama, baye asangisi o lisanga na nkombo ''confrerie de la charité'' (eyebani lelo na nkombo ''Association Internationale des Charités''). Lisanga lina nde liboti, o mobu 1633, lingomba lya ba ''Filles de la charité'', liye Vincent abandisi elongo na [[Louise de Marillac]]. Mpe o mobu [[1625]] akeli lingomba lya basango [[Lazariste]] to "Congrégation de la Mission"; bamipesa na babola bipai binso, yambo mpenza o bituka bike; basikola milimo mibungi; basunga Eklezya, bateya o likindo mpe baluka bopeto bwa bango moko. Vincent wa Paul amipesi na kobongisa bosalisani, akongoli mbongo na biloko mpo ya kosalisa bituka bya Falansia bizalaki na bitumba, aluki mpe ndenge ya kobongisa bomoi bwa banganga-Nzambe na mpe bomoi o ba likindo. Asangisi makoki manso azwaki, asalisi bato ba mawa, abokoli bana bitike, bawei nzala na bato ba boloko, ba mpaka na bitula ndenge na ndenge, na mpe mabota mazalaki na mpasi. Ekosalisa ye moto, ayebi 'te moto ona azali o kati ya lisanga mpe lisanga lizali na etamboleli ya yango. Yango wana esengeli mpe koluka kobongisa bomoi mpe ezaleli ya masanga ma bato. Apesi babola lokumu (bazali "bankumu mpe bakonzi ba biso"), asikoli bomoi bwa bango mobimba. Alingi kotala mobola lokola moto mpamba te, kasi lokola moto oyo azali na nkombo. Alingi batu na ndenge ezali komonana. Azwi makasi ma kolakisa na Eklezya mpe na mokili mokumba mwa bango mpo ya libiki lya babola. Na maloba mpe na misala mya ye, abongoli makanisi ma bato mingi mpe bizaleli mingi bya ntango ya ye. Sekele to ndanga ya molende mwa ye mpe ya boyebi kosalisa nde : Elimo ya [[Yésu|Yésu Kristu]]! ==Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia== [(http://www.st-vincent-de-paul.org/) (Société Saint Vincent de Paul)] {| class="WSerieV" id="WSerie_Christianisme" tableborder="1" cellspacing="0" style="padding: 0.3em; float:right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 5px 1em; border:1px solid #669966; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; background:#BBCCCC; text-align:center;" {{Religions}} |} [[category:relijió]] [[category:boklísto]] [[de:Vinzenz von Paul]] [[en:Vincent de Paul]] [[es:Vicente de Paul]] [[fr:Vincent de Paul]] [[la:Vincentius a Paulo]] [[nl:Vincentius a Paulo]] [[pt:Vicente de Paulo]] [[ru:Поль, Винсент де]] [[vi:Vinh Sơn Phaolô]] 9228 2006-08-31T11:26:15Z Bombo 12 typo Yesu, Nzámbe [[Image:StVdP.jpg|thumb|Santu Vincent wa Paul]] '''Vincent wa Paul''' ([[1581]] - [[1660]]) abotami o mboka [[Pouy]], pene na engumba ya [[Dax]], o mabele ma [[Landes]], na ekolo [[Falansia]]. Azali mwana wa basato o libota lya ye (bato ba bilanga). Kino mibu zomi na mitano akoli se o libota lyango, akaboli mpasi elongo na bandeko banso. Kasi nsima ena, abandi koyenga yenga, mibu zomi na misato mobimba, akabwani na bandeko na ntina 'te akima bobola. O eleko ena, bonganga-[[Nzámbe]] bozalaki nzela ya kokoma moto mpe ya kosalisa libota. Vincent wa Paul akanisaki kobikisa na nzela ena libota lya ye. Yango wana akuli bonganga na mibu zomi na libwa. Kasi manso maleki lokola Vincent akanisaki te. [[Ekólo]] Falansia ezalaki na mikakatano. Batu bazalaki lisusu na makoki te mpe bitumba ezali kovandisa batu na nzala enene. Banganga-[[Nzámbe]] mpe bazalaki na mpasi, bakisa mpe myoko mimesano mibe. Yango etindi Vincent abongola makanisi ma yé: aluki kopesa bomoi bwa ye mpo ya babola banso. O mobu [[1617]], makambo mabale mamemi ye na mbongwana ena. O sanza ya yambo ya mobu mona, babengi ye akenda kosalisa moto moko alingi awei. Banso bazalaki komona moto ona lokola nsuka ya moto molamu. Kasi yemei ayebisi Vincent 'te soki asikolaka molimo mwa ye na sakramentu ya ntubela te, mbele awei na masumu maluti. Bobola bona bwa molimo bobeti motema mwa Vincent mingi. Se o mobu mona, mokolo moko mwa sanza ya mwambi, na ngonga alingi kobanda losambo la misa, bayeli yé nsango 'te libota lyoko lizali na mpasi, mpe banso ba libota nde bakufi soki bazwi lisalisi te. Vincent wa Paul alendisi bakristu 'te basalisa bango. Aluki mpe kobongisa lisalisi lina. Bobola bona bwa nzoto bobeti mpe motema mwa Vincent wa Paul. Banda ntango ena nde aluki ntango inso o mosala mwa ye kobikisa na molimo mpe na nzoto ya bato, mingi mpenza babola. == _ == Ut'o mobu 1617, Vincent wa Paul amipesi na kosalela Nsango Elamu mpe baninga: "Mbala inso bosalaki bongo na moko wa bandeko ba ngai, bosalaki ngai moko" (Mt 25, 40). Vincent wa Paul akosakola nsima ya [[Yesu|Kristu]]: ''Elimo wa Nzambe akiteli ngai, zambi Mokonzi apakoli ngai mafuta masantu; mpo 'te nasangela babola Nsango Elamu... " (Lc 4, 18). Bomoi bwa ye mobimba amipesi na babola; asalisi mpe bato ba nkita mpo 'te bayeba komipesa o mosala mya babola bango bazali "bankumu mpe bakonzi ba biso". [[Bakrístu]] baike basangani, bamipesi motema mobimba o mosala mwango mpo ya lifuta te, mingi mpenza bamama, baye asangisi o lisanga na nkombo ''confrerie de la charité'' (eyebani lelo na nkombo ''Association Internationale des Charités''). Lisanga lina nde liboti, o mobu 1633, lingomba lya ba ''Filles de la charité'', liye Vincent abandisi elongo na [[Louise de Marillac]]. Mpe o mobu [[1625]] akeli lingomba lya basango [[Lazariste]] to "Congrégation de la Mission"; bamipesa na babola bipai binso, yambo mpenza o bituka bike; basikola milimo mibungi; basunga Eklezya, bateya o likindo mpe baluka bopeto bwa bango moko. Vincent wa Paul amipesi na kobongisa bosalisani, akongoli mbongo na biloko mpo ya kosalisa bituka bya Falansia bizalaki na bitumba, aluki mpe ndenge ya kobongisa bomoi bwa banganga-Nzambe na mpe bomoi o ba likindo. Asangisi makoki manso azwaki, asalisi bato ba mawa, abokoli bana bitike, bawei nzala na bato ba boloko, ba mpaka na bitula ndenge na ndenge, na mpe mabota mazalaki na mpasi. Ekosalisa ye moto, ayebi 'te moto ona azali o kati ya lisanga mpe lisanga lizali na etamboleli ya yango. Yango wana esengeli mpe koluka kobongisa bomoi mpe ezaleli ya masanga ma bato. Apesi babola lokumu (bazali "bankumu mpe bakonzi ba biso"), asikoli bomoi bwa bango mobimba. Alingi kotala mobola lokola moto mpamba te, kasi lokola moto oyo azali na nkombo. Alingi batu na ndenge ezali komonana. Azwi makasi ma kolakisa na Eklezya mpe na mokili mokumba mwa bango mpo ya libiki lya babola. Na maloba mpe na misala mya ye, abongoli makanisi ma bato mingi mpe bizaleli mingi bya ntango ya ye. Sekele to ndanga ya molende mwa ye mpe ya boyebi kosalisa nde : Elimo ya [[Yesu|Yesu Kristu]]! ==Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia== [(http://www.st-vincent-de-paul.org/) (Société Saint Vincent de Paul)] {| class="WSerieV" id="WSerie_Christianisme" tableborder="1" cellspacing="0" style="padding: 0.3em; float:right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 5px 1em; border:1px solid #669966; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; background:#BBCCCC; text-align:center;" {{Religions}} |} [[category:relijió]] [[category:boklísto]] [[de:Vinzenz von Paul]] [[en:Vincent de Paul]] [[es:Vicente de Paul]] [[fr:Vincent de Paul]] [[la:Vincentius a Paulo]] [[nl:Vincentius a Paulo]] [[pt:Vicente de Paulo]] [[ru:Поль, Винсент де]] [[vi:Vinh Sơn Phaolô]] 9760 2006-11-13T11:30:43Z 160.85.2.50 /* Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia */ [[Image:StVdP.jpg|thumb|Santu Vincent wa Paul]] '''Vincent wa Paul''' ([[1581]] - [[1660]]) abotami o mboka [[Pouy]], pene na engumba ya [[Dax]], o mabele ma [[Landes]], na ekolo [[Falansia]]. Azali mwana wa basato o libota lya ye (bato ba bilanga). Kino mibu zomi na mitano akoli se o libota lyango, akaboli mpasi elongo na bandeko banso. Kasi nsima ena, abandi koyenga yenga, mibu zomi na misato mobimba, akabwani na bandeko na ntina 'te akima bobola. O eleko ena, bonganga-[[Nzámbe]] bozalaki nzela ya kokoma moto mpe ya kosalisa libota. Vincent wa Paul akanisaki kobikisa na nzela ena libota lya ye. Yango wana akuli bonganga na mibu zomi na libwa. Kasi manso maleki lokola Vincent akanisaki te. [[Ekólo]] Falansia ezalaki na mikakatano. Batu bazalaki lisusu na makoki te mpe bitumba ezali kovandisa batu na nzala enene. Banganga-[[Nzámbe]] mpe bazalaki na mpasi, bakisa mpe myoko mimesano mibe. Yango etindi Vincent abongola makanisi ma yé: aluki kopesa bomoi bwa ye mpo ya babola banso. O mobu [[1617]], makambo mabale mamemi ye na mbongwana ena. O sanza ya yambo ya mobu mona, babengi ye akenda kosalisa moto moko alingi awei. Banso bazalaki komona moto ona lokola nsuka ya moto molamu. Kasi yemei ayebisi Vincent 'te soki asikolaka molimo mwa ye na sakramentu ya ntubela te, mbele awei na masumu maluti. Bobola bona bwa molimo bobeti motema mwa Vincent mingi. Se o mobu mona, mokolo moko mwa sanza ya mwambi, na ngonga alingi kobanda losambo la misa, bayeli yé nsango 'te libota lyoko lizali na mpasi, mpe banso ba libota nde bakufi soki bazwi lisalisi te. Vincent wa Paul alendisi bakristu 'te basalisa bango. Aluki mpe kobongisa lisalisi lina. Bobola bona bwa nzoto bobeti mpe motema mwa Vincent wa Paul. Banda ntango ena nde aluki ntango inso o mosala mwa ye kobikisa na molimo mpe na nzoto ya bato, mingi mpenza babola. == _ == Ut'o mobu 1617, Vincent wa Paul amipesi na kosalela Nsango Elamu mpe baninga: "Mbala inso bosalaki bongo na moko wa bandeko ba ngai, bosalaki ngai moko" (Mt 25, 40). Vincent wa Paul akosakola nsima ya [[Yesu|Kristu]]: ''Elimo wa Nzambe akiteli ngai, zambi Mokonzi apakoli ngai mafuta masantu; mpo 'te nasangela babola Nsango Elamu... " (Lc 4, 18). Bomoi bwa ye mobimba amipesi na babola; asalisi mpe bato ba nkita mpo 'te bayeba komipesa o mosala mya babola bango bazali "bankumu mpe bakonzi ba biso". [[Bakrístu]] baike basangani, bamipesi motema mobimba o mosala mwango mpo ya lifuta te, mingi mpenza bamama, baye asangisi o lisanga na nkombo ''confrerie de la charité'' (eyebani lelo na nkombo ''Association Internationale des Charités''). Lisanga lina nde liboti, o mobu 1633, lingomba lya ba ''Filles de la charité'', liye Vincent abandisi elongo na [[Louise de Marillac]]. Mpe o mobu [[1625]] akeli lingomba lya basango [[Lazariste]] to "Congrégation de la Mission"; bamipesa na babola bipai binso, yambo mpenza o bituka bike; basikola milimo mibungi; basunga Eklezya, bateya o likindo mpe baluka bopeto bwa bango moko. Vincent wa Paul amipesi na kobongisa bosalisani, akongoli mbongo na biloko mpo ya kosalisa bituka bya Falansia bizalaki na bitumba, aluki mpe ndenge ya kobongisa bomoi bwa banganga-Nzambe na mpe bomoi o ba likindo. Asangisi makoki manso azwaki, asalisi bato ba mawa, abokoli bana bitike, bawei nzala na bato ba boloko, ba mpaka na bitula ndenge na ndenge, na mpe mabota mazalaki na mpasi. Ekosalisa ye moto, ayebi 'te moto ona azali o kati ya lisanga mpe lisanga lizali na etamboleli ya yango. Yango wana esengeli mpe koluka kobongisa bomoi mpe ezaleli ya masanga ma bato. Apesi babola lokumu (bazali "bankumu mpe bakonzi ba biso"), asikoli bomoi bwa bango mobimba. Alingi kotala mobola lokola moto mpamba te, kasi lokola moto oyo azali na nkombo. Alingi batu na ndenge ezali komonana. Azwi makasi ma kolakisa na Eklezya mpe na mokili mokumba mwa bango mpo ya libiki lya babola. Na maloba mpe na misala mya ye, abongoli makanisi ma bato mingi mpe bizaleli mingi bya ntango ya ye. Sekele to ndanga ya molende mwa ye mpe ya boyebi kosalisa nde : Elimo ya [[Yesu|Yesu Kristu]]! ==Mankasa olibanda Wikipedia== [(http://www.st-vincent-de-paul.org/) (Société Saint Vincent de Paul)] {| class="WSerieV" id="WSerie_Christianisme" tableborder="1" cellspacing="0" style="padding: 0.3em; float:right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 5px 1em; border:1px solid #669966; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; background:#BBCCCC; text-align:center;" {{Religions}} |} [[category:relijió]] [[category:boklísto]] [[Category:Katolike]] [[de:Vinzenz von Paul]] [[en:Vincent de Paul]] [[es:Vicente de Paul]] [[fr:Vincent de Paul]] [[la:Vincentius a Paulo]] [[nl:Vincentius a Paulo]] [[pt:Vicente de Paulo]] [[ru:Поль, Винсент де]] [[vi:Vinh Sơn Phaolô]] Ordonnance 1837 6330 2005-09-27T14:53:15Z Bombo 12 Soki ozali na posa ya [[dokotolo]] ye akokomela yo bankisi. Mokanda ya '''recette''' elobaka oyo nkisi dokotolo alingi ozua. Mpona kozua nkisi yango ebongi omema mokanda yango na [[pharmacie]]. Badokotolo basusu bakomelaka mokanda ya nkisi te. Basusu bakoyebisa yo osomba nkisi yo moko na pharmacie. 6404 2005-10-06T10:43:24Z Bombo 12 Recette moved to Ordonnance Soki ozali na posa ya [[dokotolo]] ye akokomela yo bankisi. Mokanda ya '''recette''' elobaka oyo nkisi dokotolo alingi ozua. Mpona kozua nkisi yango ebongi omema mokanda yango na [[pharmacie]]. Badokotolo basusu bakomelaka mokanda ya nkisi te. Basusu bakoyebisa yo osomba nkisi yo moko na pharmacie. 6406 2005-10-06T10:43:53Z Bombo 12 Soki ozali na posa ya [[dokotolo]] ye akokomela yo bankisi. Mokanda ya '''ordonnance''' elobaka oyo nkisi dokotolo alingi ozua. Mpona kozua nkisi yango ebongi omema mokanda yango na [[pharmacie]]. Badokotolo basusu bakomelaka mokanda ya nkisi te. Basusu bakoyebisa yo osomba nkisi yo moko na pharmacie. 7010 2005-11-24T11:33:51Z 160.85.2.50 Category Soki ozali na posa ya [[dokotolo]] ye akokomela yo bankisi. Mokanda ya '''ordonnance''' elobaka oyo nkisi dokotolo alingi ozua. Mpona kozua nkisi yango ebongi omema mokanda yango na [[pharmacie]]. Badokotolo basusu bakomelaka mokanda ya nkisi te. Basusu bakoyebisa yo osomba nkisi yo moko na pharmacie. [[Category:Móngana]] [[Category:Nzoto kolongono]] Misalisi ya Mbangu 1838 6331 2005-09-27T15:11:44Z Bombo 12 Soki ozoki to ozali kobela makasi tango mosusu esengi bamema yo na '''misalisi ya mabangu''' na [[lopital]] ya pene na yo. Wana bafutelaka te mpe ezali mpo ya bato nyonso. Ezali na mbutu na moi. Soki mpasi eleki yo bakosalisa yo mbangu. Soki mapsi mingi te, okozela moke mpo bakokoma basango nayo. Kanisa malamu soki sante nayo esengi basala mbangu, mpo ezali mabe kopekisa baye bazali na posa ya mbangu bazua Misalisi ya Mbangu te soki yo ozali na posa na yango penza te. == Posa ya mbangu ezali nini? == Tika tolakisela yo biloko esengaka mbangu; * Kozala lokola okufi * Mpasi ya sika to ya makasi na libumu * Mpasi na libumu * Komiyeba te nzoto * Makila kobima mingi * Mikua kobuka * Kozoka lokola na mbeli * Kopema na mpasi * Kozika na moto * Kozoka na motuka == Ndenge nini mpona bana? == Bana babelaka noki mpe na makasi koleka bakolo. == Nakoyeba ndenge nini soki mwana azali kobela makasi? == Baboti bayebaka noki soki mwana azali komiyoka mabe. Tolakisa nzela misusu ya koyeba: * Mwana, soki alamuki, amonanaka lokola mpongi esileli ye naino te, to alingi kotala yo te. * Tango mosusu alingi kolia te, to asanzaka. * Mwana akozanga makasi na nzoto mpe kotambola malamu te, to akoma motane Pota ya sika na poso naye. * Mwana azali na nzoto ya moto mpe yango epesi yo mawa. * Mwana azali kopema moke to mbangu koleka tango nyonso * Mwana abaluli ndenge alelaka (tango mosusu malembe tango mosusu agangi), mpe kobondela ye esalisaka te == Nazua Misalisi ya Mbangu ndenge nini? == Okoki kokende yo moko na Misalisi ya Mbangu oyo ya pene na yo, to okoki kobengisa mutuka ya [[''ambulance'']] emema yo. === Ndenge nini nabengisa ambulance? === Betela telephone 999 mpo ozua ambulance. Telephone wana bafutelaka te ata soki ozali esika bafutisaka. Bakotuna yo soki olingi ambulance, bato ya boboma moto to Police mpo bango nyonso basalelaka 999. Soki olingi ozua ambulance mbangu: * Betela 999 (Swisi: betala 144) * Yebisa bango te ozali na posa ya ambulance * Bakotuna yo esika ozali * Yebisa nini ezali kosua yo Tango ambulance ekomi, yango ekomema yo ti na lopital ya misalisi ya mbangu oyo ezali mpene na yo. Kobanga te kobenga ambulance soki oyebi te ozali penza na posa na yango ya mbangu. Kasi yaba te ebongi okendeke ya doctolo nayo soki ozali penza na posa ya mbangu te. * Misalisi ya Mbangu bakeseni na dokotolo na yo (tala esika tokomi likolo ya dokotolo) * Kobetela 999 ekopesa yo esika ya liboso te nakati ya baye bazali kozela na Misalisi ya Mbangu * Baye bazali na mpasi mingi nde bakozala liboso mpona komona dokotolo * Bazoki basusu bakosalela bango [[Rayon-X]] te * [[Doktolo]] nayo ayebaka na ndenge ekoki kosalisa yo. Kasi baye ya Misalisi ya Mbangu bayebi mingi mpona makambo ya kozoka na makambo ya misalisi ya mbangu [[]] 7009 2005-11-24T11:32:01Z 160.85.2.50 Category Soki ozoki to ozali kobela makasi tango mosusu esengi bamema yo na '''misalisi ya mabangu''' na [[lopital]] ya pene na yo. Wana bafutelaka te mpe ezali mpo ya bato nyonso. Ezali na mbutu na moi. Soki mpasi eleki yo bakosalisa yo mbangu. Soki mapsi mingi te, okozela moke mpo bakokoma basango nayo. Kanisa malamu soki sante nayo esengi basala mbangu, mpo ezali mabe kopekisa baye bazali na posa ya mbangu bazua Misalisi ya Mbangu te soki yo ozali na posa na yango penza te. == Posa ya mbangu ezali nini? == Tika tolakisela yo biloko esengaka mbangu; * Kozala lokola okufi * Mpasi ya sika to ya makasi na libumu * Mpasi na libumu * Komiyeba te nzoto * Makila kobima mingi * Mikua kobuka * Kozoka lokola na mbeli * Kopema na mpasi * Kozika na moto * Kozoka na motuka == Ndenge nini mpona bana? == Bana babelaka noki mpe na makasi koleka bakolo. == Nakoyeba ndenge nini soki mwana azali kobela makasi? == Baboti bayebaka noki soki mwana azali komiyoka mabe. Tolakisa nzela misusu ya koyeba: * Mwana, soki alamuki, amonanaka lokola mpongi esileli ye naino te, to alingi kotala yo te. * Tango mosusu alingi kolia te, to asanzaka. * Mwana akozanga makasi na nzoto mpe kotambola malamu te, to akoma motane Pota ya sika na poso naye. * Mwana azali na nzoto ya moto mpe yango epesi yo mawa. * Mwana azali kopema moke to mbangu koleka tango nyonso * Mwana abaluli ndenge alelaka (tango mosusu malembe tango mosusu agangi), mpe kobondela ye esalisaka te == Nazua Misalisi ya Mbangu ndenge nini? == Okoki kokende yo moko na Misalisi ya Mbangu oyo ya pene na yo, to okoki kobengisa mutuka ya [[''ambulance'']] emema yo. === Ndenge nini nabengisa ambulance? === Betela telephone 999 mpo ozua ambulance. Telephone wana bafutelaka te ata soki ozali esika bafutisaka. Bakotuna yo soki olingi ambulance, bato ya boboma moto to Police mpo bango nyonso basalelaka 999. Soki olingi ozua ambulance mbangu: * Betela 999 (Swisi: betala 144) * Yebisa bango te ozali na posa ya ambulance * Bakotuna yo esika ozali * Yebisa nini ezali kosua yo Tango ambulance ekomi, yango ekomema yo ti na lopital ya misalisi ya mbangu oyo ezali mpene na yo. Kobanga te kobenga ambulance soki oyebi te ozali penza na posa na yango ya mbangu. Kasi yaba te ebongi okendeke ya doctolo nayo soki ozali penza na posa ya mbangu te. * Misalisi ya Mbangu bakeseni na dokotolo na yo (tala esika tokomi likolo ya dokotolo) * Kobetela 999 ekopesa yo esika ya liboso te nakati ya baye bazali kozela na Misalisi ya Mbangu * Baye bazali na mpasi mingi nde bakozala liboso mpona komona dokotolo * Bazoki basusu bakosalela bango [[Rayon-X]] te * [[Doktolo]] nayo ayebaka na ndenge ekoki kosalisa yo. Kasi baye ya Misalisi ya Mbangu bayebi mingi mpona makambo ya kozoka na makambo ya misalisi ya mbangu [[Category:Móngana]] [[Category:Nzoto kolongono]] 7840 2006-03-10T17:32:41Z Bombo 12 interwiki [[Image:ems_nad.jpg|right|frame|Photo ..........]] Soki ozoki to ozali kobela makasi tango mosusu esengi bamema yo na '''misalisi ya mabangu''' na [[lopital]] ya pene na yo. Wana bafutelaka te mpe ezali mpo ya bato nyonso. Ezali na mbutu na moi. Soki mpasi eleki yo bakosalisa yo mbangu. Soki mapsi mingi te, okozela moke mpo bakokoma basango nayo. Kanisa malamu soki sante nayo esengi basala mbangu, mpo ezali mabe kopekisa baye bazali na posa ya mbangu bazua Misalisi ya Mbangu te soki yo ozali na posa na yango penza te. == Posa ya mbangu ezali nini? == Tika tolakisela yo biloko esengaka mbangu; * Kozala lokola okufi * Mpasi ya sika to ya makasi na libumu * Mpasi na libumu * Komiyeba te nzoto * Makila kobima mingi * Mikua kobuka * Kozoka lokola na mbeli * Kopema na mpasi * Kozika na moto * Kozoka na motuka == Ndenge nini mpona bana? == Bana babelaka noki mpe na makasi koleka bakolo. == Nakoyeba ndenge nini soki mwana azali kobela makasi? == Baboti bayebaka noki soki mwana azali komiyoka mabe. Tolakisa nzela misusu ya koyeba: * Mwana, soki alamuki, amonanaka lokola mpongi esileli ye naino te, to alingi kotala yo te. * Tango mosusu alingi kolia te, to asanzaka. * Mwana akozanga makasi na nzoto mpe kotambola malamu te, to akoma motane Pota ya sika na poso naye. * Mwana azali na nzoto ya moto mpe yango epesi yo mawa. * Mwana azali kopema moke to mbangu koleka tango nyonso * Mwana abaluli ndenge alelaka (tango mosusu malembe tango mosusu agangi), mpe kobondela ye esalisaka te == Nazua Misalisi ya Mbangu ndenge nini? == Okoki kokende yo moko na Misalisi ya Mbangu oyo ya pene na yo, to okoki kobengisa mutuka ya [[''ambulance'']] emema yo. === Ndenge nini nabengisa ambulance? === Betela telephone 999 mpo ozua ambulance. Telephone wana bafutelaka te ata soki ozali esika bafutisaka. Bakotuna yo soki olingi ambulance, bato ya boboma moto to Police mpo bango nyonso basalelaka 999. Soki olingi ozua ambulance mbangu: * Betela 999 (Swisi: betala 144) * Yebisa bango te ozali na posa ya ambulance * Bakotuna yo esika ozali * Yebisa nini ezali kosua yo Tango ambulance ekomi, yango ekomema yo ti na lopital ya misalisi ya mbangu oyo ezali mpene na yo. Kobanga te kobenga ambulance soki oyebi te ozali penza na posa na yango ya mbangu. Kasi yaba te ebongi okendeke ya doctolo nayo soki ozali penza na posa ya mbangu te. * Misalisi ya Mbangu bakeseni na dokotolo na yo (tala esika tokomi likolo ya dokotolo) * Kobetela 999 ekopesa yo esika ya liboso te nakati ya baye bazali kozela na Misalisi ya Mbangu * Baye bazali na mpasi mingi nde bakozala liboso mpona komona dokotolo * Bazoki basusu bakosalela bango [[Rayon-X]] te * [[Doktolo]] nayo ayebaka na ndenge ekoki kosalisa yo. Kasi baye ya Misalisi ya Mbangu bayebi mingi mpona makambo ya kozoka na makambo ya misalisi ya mbangu [[Category:Móngana]] [[Category:Nzoto kolongono]] [[cs:Zdravotnická záchranná služba]] [[da:Præhospital]] [[de:Rettungsdienst]] [[fr:Aide médicale urgente]] [[he:רפואת חרום]] [[ru:Спасатель]] [[sv:Prehospitalt arbete]] Ndáko ya bokɔnɔ 1839 6332 2005-09-27T15:14:34Z Bombo 12 Soki biloko ya [[doktolo]] ezali kobikisa yo te, to ozali na posa ya biloko eleki ye, sikoyo ye moko akopesa yo mokanda okende na '''lopital'''. Okoki te kokende mpo olingi, ye doktolo nayo moko kaka akotinda yo. 6596 2005-10-27T10:23:51Z Bombo 12 interwiki [[Image:Physician in hospital sickroom printed 1682.jpg|thumb|A physician visiting the [[sick]] in a hospital. German [[engraving]] from 1682.]] Soki biloko ya [[doktolo]] ezali kobikisa yo te, to ozali na posa ya biloko eleki ye, sikoyo ye moko akopesa yo mokanda okende na '''lopital'''. Okoki te kokende mpo olingi, ye doktolo nayo moko kaka akotinda yo. [[cs:Nemocnice]] [[da:Hospital]] [[de:Krankenhaus]] [[el:Νοσοκομείο]] [[es:Hospital]] [[fr:Centre hospitalier]] [[id:Rumah sakit]] [[he:בית חולים]] [[nl:Ziekenhuis]] 7008 2005-11-24T11:31:04Z 160.85.2.50 Category [[Image:Physician in hospital sickroom printed 1682.jpg|thumb|A physician visiting the [[sick]] in a hospital. German [[engraving]] from 1682.]] Soki biloko ya [[doktolo]] ezali kobikisa yo te, to ozali na posa ya biloko eleki ye, sikoyo ye moko akopesa yo mokanda okende na '''lopital'''. Okoki te kokende mpo olingi, ye doktolo nayo moko kaka akotinda yo. [[cs:Nemocnice]] [[da:Hospital]] [[de:Krankenhaus]] [[el:Νοσοκομείο]] [[es:Hospital]] [[fr:Centre hospitalier]] [[id:Rumah sakit]] [[he:בית חולים]] [[nl:Ziekenhuis]] [[Category:Móngana]] [[Category:Nzoto kolongono]] 7945 2006-04-02T19:43:44Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: en, eo, fi, it, ja, ko, nn, no, pl, pt, simple, sl, sv, zh [[Image:Physician in hospital sickroom printed 1682.jpg|thumb|A physician visiting the [[sick]] in a hospital. German [[engraving]] from 1682.]] Soki biloko ya [[doktolo]] ezali kobikisa yo te, to ozali na posa ya biloko eleki ye, sikoyo ye moko akopesa yo mokanda okende na '''lopital'''. Okoki te kokende mpo olingi, ye doktolo nayo moko kaka akotinda yo. [[Category:Móngana]] [[Category:Nzoto kolongono]] [[cs:Nemocnice]] [[da:Hospital]] [[de:Krankenhaus]] [[el:Νοσοκομείο]] [[en:Hospital]] [[eo:Malsanulejo]] [[es:Hospital]] [[fi:Sairaala]] [[fr:Centre hospitalier]] [[he:בית חולים]] [[id:Rumah sakit]] [[it:Ospedale]] [[ja:病院]] [[ko:병원]] [[nl:Ziekenhuis]] [[nn:Sjukehus]] [[no:Sykehus]] [[pl:Szpital]] [[pt:Hospital]] [[simple:Hospital]] [[sl:Bolnišnica]] [[sv:Sjukhus]] [[zh:醫院]] 8480 2006-06-28T11:17:39Z Bombo 12 ndáko ya bokɔnɔ [[Image:Physician in hospital sickroom printed 1682.jpg|thumb|<!--A physician visiting the [[sick]] in a hospital. German [[engraving]] from 1682-->]] Soki biloko ya [[doktolo]] ezali kobikisa yo te, to ozali na posa ya biloko eleki ye, sikoyo ye moko akopesa yo mokanda okende na '''ndáko ya bokɔnɔ''' (tǒ '''lopital'''). Okoki te kokende mpo olingi, ye doktolo nayo moko kaka akotinda yo. [[Category:Móngana]] [[Category:Nzoto kolongono]] [[cs:Nemocnice]] [[da:Hospital]] [[de:Krankenhaus]] [[el:Νοσοκομείο]] [[en:Hospital]] [[eo:Malsanulejo]] [[es:Hospital]] [[fi:Sairaala]] [[fr:Centre hospitalier]] [[he:בית חולים]] [[id:Rumah sakit]] [[it:Ospedale]] [[ja:病院]] [[ko:병원]] [[nl:Ziekenhuis]] [[nn:Sjukehus]] [[no:Sykehus]] [[pl:Szpital]] [[pt:Hospital]] [[simple:Hospital]] [[sl:Bolnišnica]] [[sv:Sjukhus]] [[zh:醫院]] 8481 2006-06-28T11:18:35Z Bombo 12 [[Lopital]] moved to [[Ndáko ya bokɔnɔ]]: http://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/nd%C3%A1ko [[Image:Physician in hospital sickroom printed 1682.jpg|thumb|<!--A physician visiting the [[sick]] in a hospital. German [[engraving]] from 1682-->]] Soki biloko ya [[doktolo]] ezali kobikisa yo te, to ozali na posa ya biloko eleki ye, sikoyo ye moko akopesa yo mokanda okende na '''ndáko ya bokɔnɔ''' (tǒ '''lopital'''). Okoki te kokende mpo olingi, ye doktolo nayo moko kaka akotinda yo. [[Category:Móngana]] [[Category:Nzoto kolongono]] [[cs:Nemocnice]] [[da:Hospital]] [[de:Krankenhaus]] [[el:Νοσοκομείο]] [[en:Hospital]] [[eo:Malsanulejo]] [[es:Hospital]] [[fi:Sairaala]] [[fr:Centre hospitalier]] [[he:בית חולים]] [[id:Rumah sakit]] [[it:Ospedale]] [[ja:病院]] [[ko:병원]] [[nl:Ziekenhuis]] [[nn:Sjukehus]] [[no:Sykehus]] [[pl:Szpital]] [[pt:Hospital]] [[simple:Hospital]] [[sl:Bolnišnica]] [[sv:Sjukhus]] [[zh:醫院]] 8938 2006-07-22T05:15:57Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: bg, mg, ms, ru, uk [[Image:Physician in hospital sickroom printed 1682.jpg|thumb|<!--A physician visiting the [[sick]] in a hospital. German [[engraving]] from 1682-->]] Soki biloko ya [[doktolo]] ezali kobikisa yo te, to ozali na posa ya biloko eleki ye, sikoyo ye moko akopesa yo mokanda okende na '''ndáko ya bokɔnɔ''' (tǒ '''lopital'''). Okoki te kokende mpo olingi, ye doktolo nayo moko kaka akotinda yo. [[Category:Móngana]] [[Category:Nzoto kolongono]] [[bg:Болница]] [[cs:Nemocnice]] [[da:Hospital]] [[de:Krankenhaus]] [[el:Νοσοκομείο]] [[en:Hospital]] [[eo:Malsanulejo]] [[es:Hospital]] [[fi:Sairaala]] [[fr:Centre hospitalier]] [[he:בית חולים]] [[id:Rumah sakit]] [[it:Ospedale]] [[ja:病院]] [[ko:병원]] [[mg:Hopitaly]] [[ms:Hospital]] [[nl:Ziekenhuis]] [[nn:Sjukehus]] [[no:Sykehus]] [[pl:Szpital]] [[pt:Hospital]] [[ru:Больница]] [[simple:Hospital]] [[sl:Bolnišnica]] [[sv:Sjukhus]] [[uk:Шпиталь]] [[zh:醫院]] 9530 2006-10-22T03:34:25Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: [[cv:Пульница]], [[fa:بیمارستان]], [[vi:Bệnh viện]] [[Image:Physician in hospital sickroom printed 1682.jpg|thumb|<!--A physician visiting the [[sick]] in a hospital. German [[engraving]] from 1682-->]] Soki biloko ya [[doktolo]] ezali kobikisa yo te, to ozali na posa ya biloko eleki ye, sikoyo ye moko akopesa yo mokanda okende na '''ndáko ya bokɔnɔ''' (tǒ '''lopital'''). Okoki te kokende mpo olingi, ye doktolo nayo moko kaka akotinda yo. [[Category:Móngana]] [[Category:Nzoto kolongono]] [[bg:Болница]] [[cs:Nemocnice]] [[cv:Пульница]] [[da:Hospital]] [[de:Krankenhaus]] [[el:Νοσοκομείο]] [[en:Hospital]] [[eo:Malsanulejo]] [[es:Hospital]] [[fa:بیمارستان]] [[fi:Sairaala]] [[fr:Centre hospitalier]] [[he:בית חולים]] [[id:Rumah sakit]] [[it:Ospedale]] [[ja:病院]] [[ko:병원]] [[mg:Hopitaly]] [[ms:Hospital]] [[nl:Ziekenhuis]] [[nn:Sjukehus]] [[no:Sykehus]] [[pl:Szpital]] [[pt:Hospital]] [[ru:Больница]] [[simple:Hospital]] [[sl:Bolnišnica]] [[sv:Sjukhus]] [[uk:Шпиталь]] [[vi:Bệnh viện]] [[zh:醫院]] 9983 2006-12-16T21:55:24Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[qu:Unquna wasi]] [[Image:Physician in hospital sickroom printed 1682.jpg|thumb|<!--A physician visiting the [[sick]] in a hospital. German [[engraving]] from 1682-->]] Soki biloko ya [[doktolo]] ezali kobikisa yo te, to ozali na posa ya biloko eleki ye, sikoyo ye moko akopesa yo mokanda okende na '''ndáko ya bokɔnɔ''' (tǒ '''lopital'''). Okoki te kokende mpo olingi, ye doktolo nayo moko kaka akotinda yo. [[Category:Móngana]] [[Category:Nzoto kolongono]] [[bg:Болница]] [[cs:Nemocnice]] [[cv:Пульница]] [[da:Hospital]] [[de:Krankenhaus]] [[el:Νοσοκομείο]] [[en:Hospital]] [[eo:Malsanulejo]] [[es:Hospital]] [[fa:بیمارستان]] [[fi:Sairaala]] [[fr:Centre hospitalier]] [[he:בית חולים]] [[id:Rumah sakit]] [[it:Ospedale]] [[ja:病院]] [[ko:병원]] [[mg:Hopitaly]] [[ms:Hospital]] [[nl:Ziekenhuis]] [[nn:Sjukehus]] [[no:Sykehus]] [[pl:Szpital]] [[pt:Hospital]] [[qu:Unquna wasi]] [[ru:Больница]] [[simple:Hospital]] [[sl:Bolnišnica]] [[sv:Sjukhus]] [[uk:Шпиталь]] [[vi:Bệnh viện]] [[zh:醫院]] Pharmacie 1840 6333 2005-09-27T15:24:24Z Bombo 12 '''Pharmacie''' esika okosombaka bankisi. Bakopesa yo nkisi soki [[doktolo]] akomeli yo na [[recette]] mpe bakoki kotekela yo nkisi misusu ata soki doktolo akomeli yo te. Pharmacies bakoki mpe kopesa yo toli likolo ya [[maladi]] ya mikemike lokola kokolola kobimisa mai na zolo. Nzela ya kozua pharmacie yango oyo: * Tuna na zando to na [[butiki]] epayi wapi pharmacie ezali * Kende yo moko epayi ya pharmacie. 6403 2005-10-06T10:42:09Z Bombo 12 recette > ordonnance '''Pharmacie''' esika okosombaka bankisi. Bakopesa yo nkisi soki [[doktolo]] akomeli yo na [[ordonnance]] mpe bakoki kotekela yo nkisi misusu ata soki doktolo akomeli yo te. Pharmacies bakoki mpe kopesa yo toli likolo ya [[maladi]] ya mikemike lokola kokolola kobimisa mai na zolo. Nzela ya kozua pharmacie yango oyo: * Tuna na zando to na [[butiki]] epayi wapi pharmacie ezali * Kende yo moko epayi ya pharmacie. 7011 2005-11-24T11:34:12Z 160.85.2.50 Category '''Pharmacie''' esika okosombaka bankisi. Bakopesa yo nkisi soki [[doktolo]] akomeli yo na [[ordonnance]] mpe bakoki kotekela yo nkisi misusu ata soki doktolo akomeli yo te. Pharmacies bakoki mpe kopesa yo toli likolo ya [[maladi]] ya mikemike lokola kokolola kobimisa mai na zolo. Nzela ya kozua pharmacie yango oyo: * Tuna na zando to na [[butiki]] epayi wapi pharmacie ezali * Kende yo moko epayi ya pharmacie. [[Category:Móngana]] [[Category:Nzoto kolongono]] Badoktolo ya Mino 1841 6334 2005-09-27T15:40:50Z Bombo 12 Badoktolo ya Mino bango moko basalisaka na makambo ya mino mpo [[doktolo]] na badokotolo basusu babikisa mino te. Elingi okoma kombo nayo epayi ya dentist ya pene nayo mpo atalaka to abikisa mino nayo. === Nasala boni mpo nakoma kombo epayi ya Badoktolo ya Mino? === Nzela ya kozua dentist yango oyo: * Tuna na zando to na [[butiki]] ya pene esika dentist azali * Kende yo moko okoma kombo nayo 6472 2005-10-13T14:15:30Z Bombo 12 cat Badoktolo ya Mino bango moko basalisaka na makambo ya mino mpo [[doktolo]] na badokotolo basusu babikisa mino te. Elingi okoma kombo nayo epayi ya dentist ya pene nayo mpo atalaka to abikisa mino nayo. === Nasala boni mpo nakoma kombo epayi ya Badoktolo ya Mino? === Nzela ya kozua dentist yango oyo: * Tuna na zando to na [[butiki]] ya pene esika dentist azali * Kende yo moko okoma kombo nayo [[category:Maladi]] 7018 2005-11-24T11:42:56Z 160.85.2.50 Category Badoktolo ya Mino bango moko basalisaka na makambo ya mino mpo [[doktolo]] na badokotolo basusu babikisa mino te. Elingi okoma kombo nayo epayi ya dentist ya pene nayo mpo atalaka to abikisa mino nayo. === Nasala boni mpo nakoma kombo epayi ya Badoktolo ya Mino? === Nzela ya kozua dentist yango oyo: * Tuna na zando to na [[butiki]] ya pene esika dentist azali * Kende yo moko okoma kombo nayo [[Category:Móngana]] [[Category:Nzoto kolongono]] Batu ya linete 1842 6335 2005-09-27T15:44:35Z Bombo 12 '''Batu ya linete''' bamekaka miso nayo mpe koyebisa yo oyo linete ekoki nayo. Bango mpe balukaka maladi ya minene ya miso lokola 'glaucoma'. 6473 2005-10-13T14:17:25Z Bombo 12 cat '''Batu ya linete''' bamekaka miso nayo mpe koyebisa yo oyo linete ekoki nayo. Bango mpe balukaka maladi ya minene ya miso lokola 'glaucoma'. [[category:maladi]] 9080 2006-08-08T21:55:16Z Bombo 12 '''Batu ya linete''' bamekaka miso nayo mpé koyebisa yo oyo linete ekoki nayo. Bango mpé balukaka maladi ya minene ya miso lokola 'glaucoma'. [[category:maladi]] 9747 2006-11-13T10:51:36Z 160.85.2.50 '''Batu ya linete''' bamekaka miso nayo mpé koyebisa yo oyo linete ekoki nayo. Bango mpé balukaka [[maladi]] ya minene ya miso lokola '[[glaucoma]]'. [[category:maladi]] Nzela ya kopekisa zemi 1843 6336 2005-09-27T15:59:22Z Bombo 12 Nzela ya kopekisa zemi ezali mingi. Okoki mpe kozua [[kapoti]] ebatela yo na maladi nyonso ya sekele na [[sida]]. Sango nyonso likolo ya contraception babatela sekele. == Nzela ya mbangu ya kopekisa zemi ezali nini?== 'Emergency contraception' ekosalisa soki osalaki makambo ya bolingo kasi na nzela ya kopekisa zemi te, to okanisi te zela nayo ya kopekisa zemi esalaka malamu te. Mikolo mitano sima ya kosala bolingo okoki kosenga emergency contraception, kasi malamu oluka misalisi mbangu, toloba, mikolo misatu sima ya kosala bolingo. Nakati ya mikolo misatu bakopesa yo nkisi ya 'emergency contraception' mbala moko kasi soki mikolo mitano esieleki esengi batiya eloko ya kopekisa zemi na nzoto nayo esika ya sekele. Soki oyi mbangu nde esalaka malamu kopekisa zemi. ===Nazua wapi 'emergency contraception'?=== Nzela ya kuzua 'emergency contraception' yango oyo: * Okoki kokende na [[doktolo]] * Okoki kokende na bato ya [[kobongisa fami]] * Okoki kuzua yango epayi ya [[pharmacie]] basusu kasi okofuta 7012 2005-11-24T11:34:54Z 160.85.2.50 Category Nzela ya kopekisa zemi ezali mingi. Okoki mpe kozua [[kapoti]] ebatela yo na maladi nyonso ya sekele na [[sida]]. Sango nyonso likolo ya contraception babatela sekele. == Nzela ya mbangu ya kopekisa zemi ezali nini?== 'Emergency contraception' ekosalisa soki osalaki makambo ya bolingo kasi na nzela ya kopekisa zemi te, to okanisi te zela nayo ya kopekisa zemi esalaka malamu te. Mikolo mitano sima ya kosala bolingo okoki kosenga emergency contraception, kasi malamu oluka misalisi mbangu, toloba, mikolo misatu sima ya kosala bolingo. Nakati ya mikolo misatu bakopesa yo nkisi ya 'emergency contraception' mbala moko kasi soki mikolo mitano esieleki esengi batiya eloko ya kopekisa zemi na nzoto nayo esika ya sekele. Soki oyi mbangu nde esalaka malamu kopekisa zemi. ===Nazua wapi 'emergency contraception'?=== Nzela ya kuzua 'emergency contraception' yango oyo: * Okoki kokende na [[doktolo]] * Okoki kokende na bato ya [[kobongisa fami]] * Okoki kuzua yango epayi ya [[pharmacie]] basusu kasi okofuta [[Category:Móngana]] [[Category:Nzoto kolongono]] Kapoti 1844 6337 2005-09-27T16:00:13Z Bombo 12 # REDIRECT [[ekopekisa]] 6672 2005-11-05T04:30:01Z Blockinblox 38 fixing redirect #REDIRECT [[ekopekisa]] Maladi ya Moto 1845 6338 2005-09-27T16:04:06Z Bombo 12 Moto nyonso akoki kozua '''maladi ya moto'''. Ekoya na tango nyoso mpe na nzela bipayi na bipayi lokola koyoka mawa, kobanga to kokanisa te bomoyi ezali na tina lisusu te, to ekosangisa biloko wana nyonso. Okoki komiyoka ozali yo moko na mokili oyo mpo ozali na mboka mopaya, okoma kobanga mpona bandeko oyo otiki na mboka, to kuna na mboka na bino banyokolaki yo/basaleli yo viol, sikoyo ozali na posa ya misalisi olongola makanisi yango na moto. ===Nakende wapi basalisa?=== Soki omiyoki makambo oyo tokomi na likolo, okoki: * Komona [[doktolo]] nayo Soki yo to ndeko nayo azali koyoka mabe na moto mpe akoki komibebisa nzoto to komiboma mema ye na [[Misalisi ya Mbangu]] ya pene na esika ovandaka mpo yango esala mbutumoi. Malamu oyeba te misalisi ezali, mpe kobanga te kosenga yango. [[Maladi]] ya moto ezali eloko eyebani mpe ekoki koyela moto nyonso mpe misalisi ezali mpona moto nyonso. 6423 2005-10-10T12:13:51Z Bombo 12 cat Moto nyonso akoki kozua '''maladi ya moto'''. Ekoya na tango nyoso mpe na nzela bipayi na bipayi lokola koyoka mawa, kobanga to kokanisa te bomoyi ezali na tina lisusu te, to ekosangisa biloko wana nyonso. Okoki komiyoka ozali yo moko na mokili oyo mpo ozali na mboka mopaya, okoma kobanga mpona bandeko oyo otiki na mboka, to kuna na mboka na bino banyokolaki yo/basaleli yo viol, sikoyo ozali na posa ya misalisi olongola makanisi yango na moto. ===Nakende wapi basalisa?=== Soki omiyoki makambo oyo tokomi na likolo, okoki: * Komona [[doktolo]] nayo Soki yo to ndeko nayo azali koyoka mabe na moto mpe akoki komibebisa nzoto to komiboma mema ye na [[Misalisi ya Mbangu]] ya pene na esika ovandaka mpo yango esala mbutumoi. Malamu oyeba te misalisi ezali, mpe kobanga te kosenga yango. [[Maladi]] ya moto ezali eloko eyebani mpe ekoki koyela moto nyonso mpe misalisi ezali mpona moto nyonso. [[Category:Maladi]] Papu Benwa XVI 1846 6354 2005-09-27T19:22:05Z Themalau 22 {{Infobox Pope | English name = Benedict XVI| image = [[Image:Popebenedictxvi firsttimeonthrone.jpg|200px|]]| birth_name = Joseph Alois Ratzinger| term_start = [[April 19]], [[2005]]| term_end = ''[[Incumbent]]''| predecessor = [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]]| successor = ''[[Incumbent]]''| birth_date = [[April 16]], [[1927]]| birthplace = [[Marktl am Inn]], [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]| dead = alive| death_date = | deathplace = | }} {{infobox popestyles| papal name=Pope Benedict XVI| dipstyle=[[His Holiness]]| offstyle=Your Holiness| relstyle=Holy Father| deathstyle=not applicable|}} <!--A discussion on Wikipedia produced an overwhelming consensus to end the 'style wars' by replacing styles at the start by a style infobox later in the text. It is now installed below.-->'''Pope Benedict XVI''' ([[Ecclesiastical Latin|Latin]]: ''Benedictus PP. XVI''; born [[April 16]], [[1927]] as '''Joseph Alois Ratzinger''' in [[Marktl am Inn]], [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]) is the 265th <!-- John A. Hardon's "Modern Catholic Dictionary (1980) lists Pope John Paul II as 264th pope. If you think this is inaccurate, please discuss it on the talk page before changing it here. Thanks. -->reigning [[pope]], the head of the [[Roman Catholic Church]] and [[monarch|sovereign]] of [[Vatican City]]. He was elected on [[April 19]], [[2005]], in a [[Papal conclave, 2005|papal conclave]] over which he presided in his capacity as [[Dean of the College of Cardinals|dean]] of the [[College of Cardinals]]. He celebrated his [[Papal Inauguration|Papal Inauguration Mass]] on [[April 24]], [[2005]] and was enthroned in the Basilica of St. John Lateran ([[Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano]]) on [[May 7]], [[2005]]. One of the most influential academic theologians since the 1960s and author of many books, he is viewed as conservative and a close ally of his predecessor, [[Pope John Paul II]]. He served as professor at various German universities, [[Archbishop]] of [[Munich]], [[Prefect]] of the [[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]] and [[Dean of the College of Cardinals]] before becoming Pope. In response to an increasing de-christianisation in many developed countries, where [[secular humanism]], [[secularism]], and [[secularization]] are influential, the Pope particularly emphasizes what he sees as the need for Europe to turn back to its fundamental values. ==Overview== [[Image:Benedict-salute.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Pope Benedict XVI]] Pope Benedict XVI was [[Papal election|elected pope]] at the age of 78. He is the [[List of ages of popes|oldest person to have been elected pope]] since [[Pope Clement XII|Clement XII]] in [[1730]]. He served longer as a [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] before being elected pope than any pope since [[Pope Benedict XIII|Benedict XIII]] (elected [[1724]]). He is the ninth German pope, the last being the Dutch-German [[Pope Adrian VI|Adrian VI]] ([[1522]]&ndash;[[1523]]). The last pope named Benedict was [[Pope Benedict XV|Benedict XV]], an Italian who reigned from [[1914]] to [[1922]], during [[World War I]]. Ratzinger was born in [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]. He had a distinguished career as a university [[theology|theologian]] before being made the [[archbishop]] of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Munich|Munich]]; he was subsequently made a cardinal by [[Pope Paul VI]] in the [[consistory]] of [[June 27]], [[1977]]. He was appointed as the prefect of the [[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]] by [[Pope John Paul II]] in [[1981]] and was made the [[Cardinal Bishop|cardinal bishop]] of the [[suburbicarian diocese]] of [[Velletri]]-[[Segni]] on [[April 5]], [[1993]]. In [[1998]], he was made the sub-dean of the [[College of Cardinals]]; later, on [[November 30]], [[2002]], he became the dean and simultaneously the cardinal bishop of the suburbicarian diocese of [[Ostia]]. He was the first dean of the college elected pope since [[Pope Paul IV|Paul IV]] in [[1555]] and the first cardinal bishop elected pope since [[Pope Pius VIII|Pius VIII]] in [[1829]]. Before becoming pope, Cardinal Ratzinger was already one of the most influential men in the Vatican, and was a close associate of the late John Paul II. He presided over the [[funeral of John Paul II]] and also over the Mass immediately preceding the 2005 conclave in which he was elected, in which he called on the assembled cardinals to hold fast to the doctrine of the faith. He was the public face of the church in much of the ''[[sede vacante]]'' period, although he ranked below the ''[[camerlengo]]'' in administrative authority during that time. Benedict XVI's views appear to be similar to those of his predecessor in maintaining the traditional Catholic doctrines on artificial [[birth control]], [[abortion]], and [[homosexuality]] while promoting [[Catholic social teaching]]. Benedict speaks [[German language|German]], [[Italian language|Italian]] and [[French language|French]] fluently, and [[English language|English]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]] and [[Latin language|Latin]] slightly less fluently. He can read [[ancient Greek]] and classical [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]]. He is a member of a large number of academies, such as the French ''[[Académie des sciences morales et politiques]]''. He plays the [[piano]] and has a preference for [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]] and [[Ludwig van Beethoven|Beethoven]]. == Early life (1927&ndash;1951) == {{main|Early life of Pope Benedict XVI}} ===Background and childhood (1927&ndash;1943)=== <!-- Please consider developing the separate article instead! This section is to be reduced in size. --> [[Image:PopeBenedicts1stHome.jpg|thumb|250px|Ratzinger was born at a house in Marktl am Inn which survives today.]] [[Image:Benedict boy.jpg|thumb|250px|Ratzinger as a boy]] [[Image:Stmichaelseminarytraunstein KerstinJoensson.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ratzinger studied at Saint Michael Seminary in Traunstein, Germany.]] Joseph Alois Ratzinger was born on [[Holy Saturday]], at Schulstrasse 11, his parents' home in [[Marktl am Inn]], [[Bavaria]]. He was the third and youngest child of [[Joseph Ratzinger, Sr.]], a police officer, and his wife, Maria Ratzinger (nee Peintner), who worked as a barmaid, and whose family were from [[South Tyrol]] (today part of [[Italy]]). His father served in both the Bavarian State Police (''[[Landespolizei]]'') and the German national Regular Police ([[Ordnungspolizei]]) before retiring in [[1937]] to the town of [[Traunstein]]. The ''[[Sunday Times]]'' of [[London]] described the elder Ratzinger as "an anti-Nazi whose attempts to rein in Hitler's [[Brown shirts|Sturmabteilung]] forced the family to move several times." {{ref|timesonline_a}}. According to the ''[[International Herald Tribune]]'', these relocations were directly related to Joseph Ratzinger, Sr.'s continued resistance to [[Nazism]], which resulted in demotions and transfers. {{ref|iht_demotions}} The pope's brother [[Georg Ratzinger|Georg]] said: "Our father was a bitter enemy of Nazism because he believed it was in conflict with our faith." {{ref|nytimes_faith}}. Pope Benedict's brother, Georg, is still living. His sister, Maria Ratzinger, who never married, managed her brother Joseph's household until her death in [[1991]]. Their grand uncle [[Georg Ratzinger (politician)|Georg Ratzinger]] was a priest and member of the [[Reichstag (institution)|Reichstag]], as the German Parliament was called then. The pope's relatives agree that his ambitions to serve in the upper echelons of the Church were apparent since childhood. At age five, Ratzinger was in a group of children who presented the [[Archbishop]] of [[Munich]] with flowers; later that day he announced he wanted to be a cardinal. (See also [[Early life of Pope Benedict XVI]].) According to his cousin Erika Kopp, Ratzinger had no desire from childhood to be anything other than a priest. When he was 15, she says, he announced that he was going to be a bishop, whereupon she playfully remarked, 'And why not Pope?'. When Ratzinger turned 14 he was forced by law to join the [[Hitler Youth]] (membership was legally required from December [[1936]]{{ref|HistoryPlace}}.) According to the ''[[National Catholic Reporter]]'' correspondent and biographer John Allen, Ratzinger was an unenthusiastic member who refused to attend meetings. Ratzinger has mentioned that a Nazi mathematics professor arranged reduced tuition payments for him at [[seminary]]. This normally required documentation of attendance at Hitler Youth activities; however, according to Ratzinger, his sympathetic professor arranged things so that he did not have to attend to receive a scholarship. ===Military service (1943&ndash;1945)=== In [[1943]], when he was 16, Ratzinger was drafted with many of his classmates into the [[FlaK]] ([[anti-aircraft]] [[artillery]] corps). They guarded various facilities including a [[BMW]] aircraft engine plant north of Munich and, later, the jet fighter base at [[Gilching]], where Ratzinger served in telephone communications. After his class was released from the Corps in September [[1944]], Ratzinger was put to work setting up anti-tank defences in the [[Hungary|Hungarian]] border area of [[Austria]] in preparation for the expected [[Red Army]] offensive. When his unit was released from service in November [[1944]], he went home for three weeks, and then was drafted into the German army at Munich to receive basic [[infantry]] training in the nearby town of Traunstein. His unit served at various posts around the city and was never sent to the front. In late April or early May, 1945 days or weeks before the [[End of World War II in Europe|German surrender]], Ratzinger deserted. [[Desertion]] was widespread during the last weeks of the war, even though punishable by death (executions, frequently extrajudicial, continued to the end); diminished morale and the greatly diminished risk of prosecution from a preoccupied and disorganized German military contributed to the growing wave of soldiers looking toward self-preservation. On his way home he ran into soldiers on guard, but they let him go. When the Americans arrived in the village, all soldiers were taken [[prisoner of war|prisoners of war]]. Ratzinger was briefly interned in a [[prisoner-of-war camp]] near [[Ulm]] and was repatriated on [[June 19]], [[1945]]. The family was reunited when his brother, Georg, returned after being repatriated from a prisoner-of-war camp in Italy. ===Education (1946&ndash;1951)=== <!-- Please consider developing the separate article instead! This section is to be reduced in size. --> After he was repatriated in 1945, he and his brother entered Saint Michael Seminary in Traunstein, and then studied at the Ducal Georgianum (''Herzogliches Georgianum'') of the [[Ludwig-Maximilian University]] in Munich. According to an interview with Peter Seewald, he and his fellow students were particularly influenced by the works of [[Gertrud von le Fort]], [[Ernst Wiechert]], [[Fyodor Dostoyevsky]], [[Elisabeth Langgässer]], [[Theodor Steinbüchel]], [[Martin Heidegger]] and [[Karl Jaspers]]. The young Ratzinger saw the last three in particular as a break with the dominance of [[Neo-Kantianism]], with the key work being Steinbüchel's ''Die Wende des Denkens'' ("The Change in Thinking"). By the end of his studies he was drawn more to the active [[Augustine of Hippo|Saint Augustine]] than to [[Thomas Aquinas]], and among the [[scholastic]]s he was more interested in [[Saint Bonaventure]]. On [[June 29]], [[1951]], he and his brother were ordained by [[Michael Cardinal von Faulhaber]] of [[Munich]]. His dissertation ([[1953]]) was on Saint Augustine, entitled "The People and the House of God in Augustine's Doctrine of the Church," and his ''[[Habilitation]]sschrift'' (a dissertation which serves as qualification for a professorship) was on Saint Bonaventure. It was completed in [[1957]] and he became a professor of [[Freising]] College in [[1958]]. ==Early church career (1951&ndash;1981)== [[Image:Ratzingercelebratesmass.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Ratzinger as a young priest celebrates mass in Ruhpolding, Germany in 1952.]] [[Image:Jp1-foto035.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ratzinger offers an oath of submission at the September 1978 papal inauguration of John Paul I.]] [[Image:Leavingmunich1982feb28 DietherEndlicher.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ratzinger is given a formal farewell as he leaves the Archdiocese of Munich to become the new Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith on February 28, 1982.]] [[Image:Cardinal Ratzinger and Pope John Paul II.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ratzinger with John Paul II in 2003.]] [[Image:2004 katholische-akademie-habermas-ratzinger 1-799x533.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ratzinger debates with German philosopher [[Jürgen Habermas]] at the Catholic Academy of Bavaria, Germany in 2004.]] Ratzinger became a professor at the [[University of Bonn]] in [[1959]]; his inaugural lecture was on "The God of Faith and the God of Philosophy." In [[1963]] he moved to the [[University of Münster]], where his inaugural lecture was given in a packed lecture hall, as he was already well known as a theologian. At the [[Second Vatican Council]] ([[1962]]&ndash;[[1965]]), Ratzinger served as a ''peritus'' or theological consultant to [[Josef Cardinal Frings]] of [[Cologne]], Germany, and has continued to defend the council, including ''[[Nostra Aetate]],'' the document on respect of other religions and the declaration of the right to [[religious freedom]]. He was viewed during the time of the council as a reformer. (Later, as the [[Prefect for the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]], Ratzinger most clearly spelled out the Catholic Church's position on other religions in the document ''[[Dominus Iesus]]'' ([[2000]]) which also talks about the proper way to engage in ''[[ecumenical]] dialogue''.) In [[1966]], he took a chair in dogmatic theology at the [[University of Tübingen]], where he was a colleague of [[Hans Küng]]. In his [[1968]] book ''Introduction to Christianity'', he wrote that the pope has a duty to hear differing voices within the Church before making a decision, and downplayed the centrality of the papacy. He also wrote that the church of the time was too centralized, rule-bound and overly controlled from Rome. These sentences, however, did not appear in later editions of the book. During this time, he distanced himself from the atmosphere of Tübingen and the [[Marxism|Marxist]] leanings of the student movement of the [[1960s]], that in Germany quickly radicalised in the years [[1967]] and [[1968]], culminating in a series of disturbances and riots in April and May 1968. Ratzinger came increasingly to see these and associated developments (decreasing respect for authority among his students, the rise of the German [[gay rights]] movement) as related to a departure from traditional Catholic teachings. Increasingly, his views, despite his reformist bent, contrasted with those liberal ideas gaining currency in the theological academy.{{ref|nytimes_campus}} In [[1969]] he returned to Bavaria, to the University of [[Regensburg]]. In [[1972]], he founded the theological journal ''[[Communio]]'' with [[Hans Urs von Balthasar]], [[Henri de Lubac]], [[Walter Cardinal Kasper|Walter Kasper]] and others. ''Communio,'' now published in seventeen editions ([[German language|German]], [[English language|English]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]] and many others), has become one of the most important [[journal]]s of Catholic thought. He remains one of the journal's most prolific contributors. In March [[1977]] Ratzinger was named [[archbishop]] of [[Munich]] and [[Freising]]. According to his autobiography, ''Milestones'', he took as his episcopal motto ''Cooperatores Veritatis'', co-workers of the Truth, from [[Third Epistle of John|3 John]]: 8. In the [[consistory]] of June 1977 he was named a [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] by [[Pope Paul VI]]. By the time of the 2005 Conclave, he was one of only 14 remaining cardinals appointed by Paul VI, and one of only three of those under the age of 80, and one of only two who participated in the conclave, the other being Cardinal Baum. == Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (1981&ndash;2005) == [[Image:Cardinalratzinger C0NGR.0f faith.jpg|thumb|left|'''Cardinal Ratzinger'''. Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]] On [[November 25]], [[1981]], Pope John Paul II named Ratzinger prefect of the [[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]], formerly known as the [[Holy Office of the Inquisition]]. He resigned the Munich [[archdiocese]] in early [[1982]]. Already a cardinal priest, he was raised to Cardinal Bishop of Velletri-Segni in [[1993]]. He became vice-dean of the [[College of Cardinals]] in [[1998]], and dean in [[2002]]. In office, Ratzinger usually took traditional views on topics such as [[birth control]], [[homosexuality]], and [[Ecumenism|inter-religious dialogue]]. Among other things, he played a key role in silencing outspoken [[Liberation theology|liberation theologians]] and clergy in [[Latin America]] in the 1980s. (See also [[Theology of Pope Benedict XVI]].) ===Health=== In the early [[1990s]] Ratzinger suffered a [[stroke]] which slightly impaired his eyesight temporarily. The existence of the stroke had been known during the conclave that elected him pope. In May 2005, the Vatican revealed that he had subsequently suffered another mild stroke - it did not reveal when, other than that it occurred between 2003 and 2005. [[France]]'s [[Philippe Cardinal Barbarin]] further revealed that since the first stroke, Ratzinger has suffered from a heart condition. Because of his health problems, Ratzinger had hoped to retire, but had continued in his position in obedience to the wishes of Pope John Paul II.{{ref|SundayTimes}} ===Response to sex abuse scandal=== As Cardinal Ratzinger was Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF), the sexual abuse of minors by priests was his responsibility to investigate from 2001, when that charge was given to the CDF by Pope John Paul. {{ref|Observer-240505b_a}} On [[May 18]], [[2001]], Ratzinger, as part of the implementation of the norms enacted and promulgated {{ref|vatican_motu}} on [[April 30]] [[2001]] by Pope John Paul II, sent a [[Latin|Latin language]] letter {{ref|vatican_2001letter}} to every bishop in the Catholic Church reminding them of the strict penalties facing those who revealed confidential details concerning enquiries into allegations against priests of certain grave ecclesiastical crimes, including [[sexual abuse]], reserved to the jurisdiction of the CDF. The letter extended the prescription ([[statute of limitations]]) for these crimes to ten years. However, when the crime is sexual abuse of a minor, the "prescription begins to run from the day on that which the minor completes the eighteenth year of age." {{ref|vatican_norms}} Lawyers acting for two alleged victims of abuse in Texas claim that by sending the letter the cardinal conspired to obstruct justice. {{ref|Observer-240505a}} However, the letter did not discourage victims from reporting the abuse itself to the police; the secrecy related to the internal investigation. "The letter said the new norms reflected the CDF's traditional “exclusive competence” regarding ''delicta graviora''&mdash;Latin for “graver offenses.” According to [[canon law]] experts in Rome, reserving cases of clerical sexual abuse of minors to the CDF is something new. In past eras, some serious crimes by priests against sexual morality, including [[pedophilia]], were handled by that congregation or its predecessor, the Holy Office, but this has not been true in recent years." {{ref|CNSb}} The promulgation of the norms by Pope John Paul II and the subsequent letter by the then Prefect of the CDF were published in 2001 in ''Acta Apostolicae Sedis'' {{ref|AAS}} which, in accordance with the [[Canon law|Code of Canon Law]] {{ref|CIC}}, is the [[Holy See]]'s official journal, disseminated monthly to thousands of libraries and offices around the world. {{ref|CLI}} In [[2002]], Ratzinger accurately told the Catholic News Service that "less than one percent of priests are guilty of acts of this type." {{ref|ZE02120324}} Opponents saw this as ignoring the crimes of those who committed the abuse; others saw it as merely pointing out that this should not taint other priests who live respectable lives. {{ref|vatican_transcript}} A report by the Catholic Church itself estimated that some 4,450 of the Roman Catholic clergy who served between [[1950]] and [[2002]] have faced credible accusations of abuse. {{ref|Observer-240505b_c}} His [[Good Friday]] reflections in [[2005]] were interpreted as strongly condemning and regretting the abuse scandals, which largely put to rest the speculation of indifference. Shortly after his election, he told [[Francis Cardinal George]], the [[Archbishop of Chicago]], that he would attend to the matter. {{ref|Observer-240505b_d}} ===Dialogue with other faiths=== In [[2000]], the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith published a document entitled ''[[Dominus Iesus]]'' which reaffirmed the historic doctrine and mission of the Church to proclaim the Gospel. This was misunderstood by some who mistakenly believed that the Church had previously repudiated its unique role in the world. {{ref|theaustralian}} This document pointed out the danger to the Church of ''relativistic theories which seek to justify religious pluralism'' by denying that God has revealed truth to humanity. (par. 4) Addressing the question that one religion is as a good as another ([[syncretism]] or indifferentism) it states: ''...followers of other religions can receive divine grace, it is also certain that'' objectively speaking ''they are in a gravely deficient situation in comparison with those who, in the Church, have the fullness of the means of salvation.'' (par.22) The deliberate omission of [[filioque clause|"filioque" clause]] ("and the Son") in the first paragraph {{ref|www.vatican.va.640}} is seen as an outreach to [[Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] Church which has been in conflict with the [[Roman Catholic]] Church over its addition to the [[Nicene Creed]] for about one thousand years.{{ref|scoba}} The [[World Jewish Congress]] "welcomed" his election to the pontificate, noted "his great sensitivity to the Jewish history and the Holocaust," and quoted the Pope in its press release: :Even if the most recent, loathsome experience of the Shoah (Holocaust) was perpetrated in the name of an anti-Christian ideology, which tried to strike the Christian faith at its Abrahamic roots in the people of Israel, it cannot be denied that a certain insufficient resistance to this atrocity on the part of Christians can be explained by an inherited anti-Judaism present in the hearts of not a few Christians. {{ref|worldjewishcongress}} His Holiness the [[Dalai Lama]] congratulated Pope Benedict XVI upon his election. {{ref|phayul}} In an interview in [[2004]] for ''[[Le Figaro]]'' magazine, Ratzinger said [[Turkey]], a country [[Muslim]] by heritage and staunchly [[Secularism|secularist]] by its state constitution, should seek its future in an association of [[Islamic]] nations rather than the [[EU]], which has [[Christian]] roots. He said Turkey had always been "in permanent contrast to [[Europe]]" and that linking it to Europe would be a mistake.{{ref|csmonitor}} His defenders argue that it is to be expected that a leader within the Catholic Church would forcefully and explicitly argue in favor of the superiority of [[Catholicism]] over other religions. Others also maintain that single quotes from ''[[Dominus Iesus]]'' are not indicative of intolerance or an unwillingness to engage in dialogue with other [[faith]]s, and this is clear from a reading of the entire document. They point out that Ratzinger has been very active in promoting inter-faith dialogue. Specifically, they argue that Ratzinger has been instrumental at encouraging reconciliation with [[Lutheran]]s. In defending ''Dominus Iesus'', Ratzinger himself has stated that his belief is that inter-faith dialogue should take place on the basis of equal human dignity, but that equality of human dignity should not imply that each side is equally correct. ===Ratzinger and Fatima=== [[Image:JesusMagazine.jpg|thumb|125px|Ratzinger's Article]]Ratzinger has long been tied into the message of [[Our Lady of Fatima]] to three young [[Portugal|Portuguese]] children. Notably, until her death, [[Lúcia dos Santos]] was under orders from the Vatican not to discuss the Fatima revelations publicly unless given leave by Cardinal Ratzinger, one of seven people known to have read the actual ''Third Message'' put into writing in [[1944]], and author of the ''Theological Commentary on the Third Message'', one of four canon sourceworks kept alongside the Message. In 1984, an interview with Ratzinger was published in the [[Pauline Christianity|Pauline Sisters]] newsletter and that it deals with "dangers threatening the faith and the life of the Christian and therefore of the world", while stating that it marks the beginning of the [[Apocalypse|end-times]]. A year later the interview was re-published in ''The Ratzinger Report'', though several statements were omitted &mdash; either for editorial reasons, or clandestine conspiratorial reasons, depending on the party asked. In October 1987 he stated that "the things contained in [the] Third Secret correspond to what has been announced in Scripture and has been said again and again in many other Marian apparitions; first of all, that of Fatima in what is already known of what its message contains, conversion and penitence are the essential conditions for salvation". [[Image:BertoneAndRatzinger.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Ratzinger and Bertone at the press conference]]In 1997, Ratzinger and Capovilla publicly stated that the Third Message was ''not'' being withheld for fears it would condemn the changes of the [[Vatican II]] council. On [[June 26]] [[2000]], following the release of the text of the prophecy, Ratzinger issued a joint statement with [[Cardinal Bertone]] that the third and final chapter of [[Mary]]'s prophecy had been fulfilled in 1981 in a failed attempt on the Pope's life; critics point out however that a year after the attempted assassination, Lúcia told the Pope that the third prophecy had still not been fulfilled. He was quoted in the media as stating, "No great mystery is revealed; nor is the future unveiled. A careful reading of the text will probably prove disappointing." == Papacy == [[Image:Ratzingerpascha2005.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Not knowing that within a few weeks he would ascend the Throne of St. Peter himself, Ratzinger presided over the 2005 Easter Vigil Mass at St. Peter's Basilica in place of Pope John Paul II.]] === Election to the Papacy === ==== Prediction ==== On [[January 2]], [[2005]], ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine quoted unnamed Vatican sources as saying that Ratzinger was a frontrunner to succeed [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]] should the pope die or become too ill to continue as pope. On the death of [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]], the ''[[Financial Times]]'' gave the odds of Ratzinger becoming pope as 7&ndash;1, the lead position, but close to his rivals on the liberal wing of the church. In [[April 2005]], before his election as pope, he was identified as one of the [[List of TIME Magazine's 100 most influential people of 2005|100 most influential people in the world]] by ''Time'' magazine. Ratzinger himself had repeatedly stated he would like to retire to a Bavarian village and dedicate himself to writing books, but more recently, he told friends he was ready to "accept any charge God placed on him." Piers Paul Read wrote in ''[[The Spectator (1828)|The Spectator]]'' on [[March 5]], [[2005]]: :''There can be little doubt that his courageous promotion of orthodox Catholic teaching has earned him the respect of his fellow cardinals throughout the world. He is patently holy, highly intelligent and sees clearly what is at stake. Indeed, for those who blame the decline of Catholic practice in the developed world precisely on the propensity of many European bishops to hide their heads in the sand, a pope who confronts it may be just what is required. Ratzinger is no longer young&mdash;he is 78 years old: but Angelo Roncalli, who revolutionized Catholicism by calling the Second Vatican Council was almost the same age (76) when he became pope as [[Pope John XXIII|John XXIII]]. As Jeff Israely, the correspondent of Time, was told by a Vatican insider last month, "The Ratzinger solution is definitely on."'' However, Papal predictions in modern history had often been wrong, with the most popular candidates often losing the election in favor of a more unknown, obscure cardinal. ==== Election ==== [[Image:Pope Benedict XVI elected.jpg|thumb|250px|Benedict XVI appears on the balcony shortly after his election.]] [[Image:Pope Benedict Mass of Installation.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Benedict's installation mass on St. Peter's Square]] [[Image:Benedict sodano.jpg|thumb|left|150px|[[Angelo Cardinal Sodano]] kisses the ring of the new Pope for the first time at his installation mass]] On [[April 19]], [[2005]] Cardinal Ratzinger was elected as the successor to Pope John Paul II on the second day of the [[Papal conclave, 2005|papal conclave]] after four ballots. Coincidentally, [[April 19]] is the feast of St. [[Pope Leo IX|Leo IX]], a German pope who instituted major reforms in the [[Middle Ages]] during his papacy. Cardinal Ratzinger had hoped to retire peacefully and said that "At a certain point, I prayed to God 'please don't do this to me'...Evidently, this time He didn't listen to me." {{ref|CNNquote}} Before his first appearance at the balcony of [[Saint Peter's Basilica]] after becoming pope, he was announced by the [[Jorge Cardinal Medina Estévez]], protodeacon of the College of Cardinals. Cardinal Medina Estévez first addressed the massive crowd as "dear(est) brothers and sisters" in Italian, Spanish, French, German and English &mdash; each language receiving cheers from the international crowd &mdash; before continuing with the traditional ''[[Habemus Papam]]'' announcement in Latin. At the balcony, Benedict's first words to the crowd, before he gave the traditional ''[[Urbi et Orbi]]'' blessing, were: :''Dear brothers and sisters, after the great Pope John Paul II, the Cardinals have elected me, a simple and humble labourer in the vineyard of the Lord.'' :''The fact that the Lord knows how to work and to act even with inadequate instruments comforts me, and above all I entrust myself to your prayers.'' :''In the joy of the Risen Lord, let us move forward, confident of his unfailing help. The Lord will help us and Mary, his Most Holy Mother, will be on our side. Thank you.'' (translation from original Italian). He then gave the blessing to the people. ===Choice of name=== The choice of the name Benedict (Latin "the blessed") is significant. Benedict XVI used his first [[General Audience]] in St. Peter's Square, on [[April 27]], [[2005]], to explain to the world on why he chose the name: :''"Filled with sentiments of awe and thanksgiving, I wish to speak of why I chose the name Benedict. Firstly, I remember [[Pope Benedict XV]], that courageous prophet of peace, who guided the Church through turbulent times of war. In his footsteps I place my ministry in the service of reconciliation and harmony between peoples. Additionally, I recall [[Saint Benedict]] of Norcia, co-patron of Europe, whose life evokes the Christian roots of Europe. I ask him to help us all to hold firm to the centrality of Christ in our Christian life: May Christ always take first place in our thoughts and actions!" ''{{ref|vatican_FirstGenAud}} === Early days of Papacy === [[Image:Coabxvi.png|thumb|right|Papal Arms of Pope Benedict XVI. The [[papal tiara]] was replaced with a bishop's [[mitre]], and [[pallium]] of the Pope was added beneath the coat of arms.]] Pope Benedict has confounded the expectations of many in the early days of his papacy by his gentle public persona and his promise to listen. It is notable that he has used an open [[popemobile]], saying that he wants to be closer to the people. [[Coat of arms of Pope Benedict XVI|Benedict's coat of arms]] have officially omitted the [[papal tiara]], traditionally appearing in the background to designate the Pope's position and replaced it with a simple [[mitre]].{{ref|coatofarms}} However, there have been papal documents since his inauguration that have been appearing with the papal tiara present. Since it is the shield and not the background which is unique to the individual Pope, various backgrounds are possible (though rarely used) for even a single shield. During his inaugural Mass, the previous custom of all the cardinals submitting was replaced by having 12 people, representing cardinals, clergy, religious, a married couple and their child, and newly [[confirmation|confirmed]] people, submit to him. However, all the cardinals had already sworn their obedience upon his election. In a return to tradition, Benedict chose to resurrect the ancient tradition of the red [[papal shoes]] and to delegate the celebration of the beatification liturgies. ===Teachings=== As Pope, Benedict XVI's main role is to teach about the Catholic faith and the solutions to the problems of the faith, a role that he can play well being a former head of the Church's Congregation of the Faith. The emphases of his teachings are stated in more detail in [[Theology of Pope Benedict XVI]]. ====Friendship with Jesus Christ==== According to commentators, during the Inaugural Mass, the core of his message, the most moving and famous part, is found in the last paragraph of his homily where he referred to both Jesus Christ and John Paul II. After referring to John Paul II's well-known words (Do not be afraid! Open wide the doors for Christ!), Benedict XVI says: :Are we not perhaps all afraid in some way? If we let Christ enter fully into our lives, if we open ourselves totally to him, are we not afraid that He might take something away from us?...And once again the Pope said: No! If we let Christ into our lives, we lose nothing, nothing, absolutely nothing of what makes life free, beautiful and great. No! Only in this friendship do we experience beauty and liberation....When we give ourselves to him, we receive a hundredfold in return. Yes, open, open wide the doors to Christ – and you will find true life. [http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/homilies/documents/hf_ben-xvi_hom_20050424_inizio-pontificato_en.html] "Friendship with Jesus Christ" is a theme of his preaching which is found in many of his homilies and his addresses. For example, his address to the priests of Rome, his diocese as bishop: [http://www.ewtn.com/library/PAPALDOC/B16CLERO.HTM] and to the cardinals in the pre-conclave, a key public address to the Church's top leaders: [http://www.ewtn.com/pope/words/conclave_homily.asp] ===="Dictatorship of relativism"==== Continuing what he said in the pre-conclave Mass about what he has often referred to as the "central problem of our faith today": [http://www.ewtn.com/library/CURIA/RATZRELA.HTM] the world "moving towards a dictatorship of [[relativism]]", [http://www.nationalcatholicreporter.org/word/wyd082105.htm] on June 6, 2005 he also said: :"Today, a particularly insidious obstacle to the task of education is the massive presence in our society and culture of that [[relativism]] which, recognizing nothing as definitive, leaves as the ultimate criterion only the self with its desires. And under the semblance of freedom it becomes a prison for each one, for it separates people from one another, locking each person into his or her own ' He also traced the failed revolutions and ideologies of the 20th century to a conversion of partial points of view into absolute guides: "''Absolutizing what is not absolute but relative is called totalitarianism,''" he said during World Youth Day. In an address to a conference of the Diocese of Rome held at [[St. John Lateran]] basilica on [[June 6]], 2005, Benedict remarked on the issues of [[same-sex marriage]] and [[abortion]]: :''"The various forms of the dissolution of matrimony today, like free unions, trial marriages and going up to pseudo-matrimonies by people of the same sex, are rather expressions of an anarchic freedom that wrongly passes for true freedom of man...from here it becomes all the more clear how contrary it is to human love, to the profound vocation of man and woman, to systematically close their union to the gift of life, and even worse to suppress or tamper with the life that is born," he said.''{{ref|AP}} ===Curial appointments=== Upon becoming Pope, Benedict reappointed all former officers of the [[Roman Curia]] under John Paul II to new terms, their terms having ended with the papacy. This assured an easy transition into new government. The highest of those appointments are those considered to be Benedict XVI's [[prime minister]]s: [[Angelo Cardinal Sodano]] of [[Italy]] who serves as [[Cardinal Secretary of State]] and [[Edmund Cardinal Szoka]] of the [[United States]] who serves as [[Governor of Vatican City]]. Benedict XVI's only major new appointment was that of his successor as Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. Early speculation included the names of [[Christoph Cardinal Schönborn]], [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vienna|Archbishop of Vienna]] in [[Austria]] and [[Francis Cardinal George]], [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago|Archbishop of Chicago]] in the United States. Both were renowned for their knowledge of Church doctrine and were considered among the more conservative members of the College of Cardinals. On [[May 13]], [[2005]], Benedict XVI appointed a non-Cardinal, [[William Joseph Levada]], [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Francisco|Archbishop of San Francisco]] in the United States. Renowned for his knowledge of Church doctrine due to his office as principal editor of the current [[Catechism of the Catholic Church]], Levada is considered by some to be even more staunchly conservative than all the Pope's choices within the College of Cardinals. Levada relinquishes his [[episcopal see|see]] in San Francisco on [[August 17]], [[2005]] and is expected to be raised in consistory to the title of Cardinal. Due to the immense influence wielded by the office of Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith&mdash;arguably more immense than that of the Pope's own prime ministers&mdash;Benedict XVI's appointment of an American in effect raises the United States into greater prominence in the universal Church. That fact sparked many fears that the United States was being given too much power in the Church; people worldwide generally express uneasiness that the United States already dominates global politics. It is for that reason that Americans are never considered [[papabile]]. === Beatifications === [[Image:Popebenedictxvi lei.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Benedict XVI oversaw his first beatification on May 14, 2005, honoring Mother Marianne Cope of Hawaii with the title ''Blessed''. He wore a traditional Hawaiian maile lei as a [[stole]] for the occasion.]] On [[May 13]], [[2005]], Benedict XVI made his first promulgation of the [[beatification]] process. The honoree of the process was his predecessor, John Paul II. Normally five years pass before the beatification process begins for a person after his or her death but due to the popularity of John Paul II &mdash; devotees chanted "Santo subito!" meaning "Saint now!" during the late pontiff's funeral &mdash; Benedict XVI waived the custom and officially styled the late pope with the title given to all those being scrutinized in the beatification process, ''[[Servant of God]]''. Upon the confirmation after scrutiny that the late pontiff's life is found morally clean and manifests heroic virtues, a decree of heroicity will be proclaimed and John Paul II will be declared ''[[Venerable]]'' on the road to beatification. Before changes in [[canon law]] in [[1917]], the title ''Venerable'' was given at the same time a person was declared ''Servant of God''. Upon the confirmation of [[miracle]]s attributed to the honoree, John Paul II would then be declared ''[[Blessed]]''. A person is strictly prohibited from being officially celebrated in [[mass (liturgy)|Mass]] until he or she achieves the title of ''Blessed''. The next day, on [[May 14]], Benedict XVI made his first official beatification, raising [[Mother Marianne Cope]] &mdash; who served with [[Blessed Damien of Molokai]] helping those suffering from [[leprosy]] in what is now the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu|Diocese of Honolulu]] in [[Hawaii]] &mdash; to the title of "Blessed Marianne of Molokai." She was the first addition to the [[calendar of saints]] by Benedict XVI announcing an optional feast to be celebrated in her honor annually on [[January 23]]. Blessed Damien and Blessed Marianne are the [[patron saint|patrons]] of [[HIV]]/[[AIDS]] and [[outcast]]s. Both are expected to become the first saints of the [[Hawaiian Islands]]. [[Mother Ascensión Nicol Goñi]] was also beatified on the same day. Unlike his predecessor, Benedict XVI delegated the beatification liturgical service to a principal aide, [[José Cardinal Saraiva Martins]], Prefect of the [[Congregation for the Causes of Saints]]. It was noted by Vatican watchers that the practice of delegating prominent functions enjoyed by the late John Paul II would become the norm for Benedict XVI, who seems to prefer the duties of Church manager as opposed to having more of a public face. This may also reflect the need for Benedict to maintain a more restricted public appearance schedule, due to his recent health history, which may be described as resulting from age related illnesses. [[Image:Pope16mass.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Pope Benedict XVI participated in a Mass attended by 800,000 people in Cologne, Germany, during the World Youth Day. This marked the pontiff's first apostolic journey.]] On [[June 16]], [[2005]], it was learned that the planned beatification of a French priest, Fr. [[Leon Dehon]], had been suspended by the Vatican after complaints about anti-Semitism in his writings. The Vatican decided to further study the life and writings of the Fr. Dehon, who died in 1925 and who had founded the priests of the Sacred Heart of Jesus religious order. The beatification was postponed originally due to the death of [[Pope John Paul II]] on [[April 2]], [[2005]]. The move came after a French Catholic newspaper, ''La Croix'', reported that some of his writings contained anti-Semitic passages. ''La Croix'' quoted his writings as saying Jews were "united in their hatred of Jesus" and were enemies of Christians, and that anti-Semitism was a "sign of hope." The possibility of declaring Fr. Dehon a saint has been under consideration by the church for decades. The process began formally in 1939. The church declared his virtues in 1983, and John Paul gave him the title "venerable" in 1997 after the church ruled that an electrician in Brazil had been miraculously cured of an illness in 1954 after prayers were directed to him. However, France's government had put the Vatican on notice that it would not send a representative to the beatification, and the French bishops' conference urged the Vatican to act with caution, according to French newspaper reports. {{ref|Washington_postJune16}}. For many in the Catholic community who had been concerned about the rapidity of the beatification process during the reign of [[Pope John Paul II]], this incident seemed to indicate that the management of the practice of making saints will be more measured and, possibly, less inclined to speed up the process. On [[June 19]], [[2005]], Benedict XVI beatified Father [[Władysław Findysz]], a martyr of the [[Communist]] regime, Father [[Bronisław Markiewicz]], the founder of the [[Congregation of St. Michael]], and Father [[Ignacy Kłopotowski]], the founder of the [[Congregation of the Sisters of Loreto]]. Benedict XVI had delegated [[Józef Cardinal Glemp]] of [[Warsaw]] to preside over the beatification liturgy, which took place at [[Piłsudski Square]] in Warsaw. The beatifications were originally scheduled for [[April 24]] [[2005]], however they were delayed due to the death of [[Pope John Paul II]]. Pope John Paul II also started the process of the beatifications of the above Poles, but Benedict XVI had to complete the process. === Canonisations === The first Mass of Canonisation for Benedict XVI is scheduled for [[October 23]], [[2005]] in [[St. Peter's Square]]. Benedict XVI will bestow the honour of Sainthood to: [[Józef Bilczewski]] of [[Poland]] and [[Ukraine]], Archbishop of Lviv ([[Lwów]]); [[Gaetano Catanoso]] of Italy, priest and founder of the [[Congregation of the Daughters of St. Veronica]] (also known as the Missionaries of the Holy Face); [[Zygmunt Gorazdowski]] of Poland and Ukraine, priest and founder of the [[Congregation of Sisters of St. Joseph]]; [[Alberto Hurtado Cruchaga]] of [[Chile]], priest of the [[Society of Jesus]], and [[Felice Da Nicosia]] of [[Italy]], lay member of the [[Capuchins]]. === Apostolic journeys === # '''Italy''' ([[May 29]], [[2005]]): Pope Benedict visited the Italian port of [[Bari]] and pledged to make the reconciliation with the [[Eastern Orthodoxy|Eastern Orthodox Church]] a "fundamental" commitment of his papacy. Benedict made the pledge in a city closely tied to the Orthodox Church. Bari, on Italy’s Adriatic coast, is considered a “bridge” between East and West and is home to the relics of [[Saint Nicholas|St. Nicholas of Myra]], a 4th-century saint who is one of the most popular in both the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches. The Pope referred to Bari as a "land of meeting and dialogue" with the Orthodox Church in his homily at a Mass that closed a national religious conference. It was his first pilgrimage outside Rome since being elected the 265th leader of the Roman Catholic Church on [[April 19]]. # '''Germany''' ([[August 18]] to [[August 21]], [[2005]]): The Pope arrived in Germany on [[August 18]] in order to participate in the [[World Youth Day 2005|20th World Youth Day]] in [[Cologne]]. There he met with President [[Horst Köhler]], Chancellor [[Gerhard Schröder]], leader of the Opposition [[Angela Merkel]] and others, and visited the famous [[Cologne Cathedral]]. The Pope visited the [[synagogue]] of the Jewish community in Cologne, which is the oldest Jewish community in the world north of the Alps. After [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]], he thus is only the third Pontiff, including [[St. Peter]], (the second in modern times) known to officially visit a synagogue. He also spoke with representatives of the Muslim and Protestant communities of Cologne. On [[August 21]] he led a mass at Marienfeld with about 800,000 youths present. ==See also== {{wikiquote}} {{wikisource author}} {{commons|Benedictus XVI}} {{wikinews|German Cardinal Ratzinger elected Pope Benedict XVI}} *[[Georg Gänswein]] - private secretary *''[[Dominus Iesus]]'' - document written by Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith * [[Three Secrets of Fatima|The Message of Fatima]] - document on the purported release of the Third Secret of Fatima *[[Pope Benedict]] - list of other popes and antipopes using the name *[[Prophecy of the Popes]] - document by Saint Malachy *[[Theology of Pope Benedict XVI]] - philosophical and theological beliefs of Pope Benedict XVI *[[Works of Pope Benedict XVI]] - literature written by Pope Benedict XVI ==Notes== <!-- Instructions for adding a footnote. NOTE: Footnotes in this article use names, not numbers, see [[Wikipedia:Footnote3]] for details. 1) Assign your footnote a unique name, for example TheSun_Dec9. 2) Add the macro {{ref|TheSun_Dec9}} to the body of the article, where you want the new footnote. 3) Put footnotes in the order they appear in the body. Avoid duplicates. --> <!-- # {{note|YahooCats}} Matthew Schofield, "[http://www.realcities.com/mld/krwashington/11455054.htm In German town, Benedict XVI known for love of cats, conversation]," ''Knight Ridder'', April 21, 2005. --> # {{note|timesonline_a}} Justin Sparks, John Follain, and Christopher Morgan, "[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2089-1572667,00.html Papal hopeful is a former Hitler Youth]," ''The Sunday Times'', April 17, 2005. # {{note|iht_demotions}} Richard Bernstein, and Mark Landler, "[http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/04/21/news/portrait.html A cardinal's visit put boy on path to the Vatican]," ''New York Times'', April 22, 2005. # {{note|nytimes_faith}} Richard Bernstein, and Mark Landler, "[http://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/22/international/worldspecial2/22germany.html?pagewanted=1&adxnnl=1&adxnnlx=1114340564-13zVUfWUfsfMLXhqWFxrDA A future pope is recalled: A lover of cats and Mozart, dazzled by church as a boy]," ''New York Times'', April 22, 2005. # {{note|HistoryPlace}} "[http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/hitleryouth/hj-prelude.htm Hitler Youth: Prelude to War (1933&ndash;1938)]," The History Place. # {{note|nytimes_campus}} Daniel J Wakin, "[http://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/24/international/worldspecial2/24ratzinger.html?position=&incamp=article_popular_5&pagewanted=print&position= Turbulence on Campus in 60's Hardened Views of Future Pope]," ''New York Times'', April 24, 2005 (accessed June 8, 2005) # {{note|SundayTimes}} [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2089-1592856,00.html "Pope has had second stroke"], ''The Sunday Times'', (London) May 1, 2005. # {{note|Observer-240505b_a}} Jamie Doward, "[http://observer.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,6903,1469005,00.html The Pope, the letter and the child sex claim]," ''The Guardian'', April 24, 2005. # {{note|vatican_motu}} ''[http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/motu_proprio/documents/hf_jp-ii_motu-proprio_20020110_sacramentorum-sanctitatis-tutela_lt.html Sacramentorum sanctitatis tutela]'', The Vatican, April 30, 2001. # {{note|vatican_2001letter}} ''[http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_20010518_epistula_graviora%20delicta_lt.html Epistula ad totius Catholicae Ecclesiae Episcopos aliosque Ordinarios et Hierarchas interesse habentes de delictis gravioribus eidem Congregationi pro Doctrina Fidei reservatis]'', The Vatican, May 18, 2001. # {{note|vatican_norms}} [http://www.bishop-accountability.org/resources/resource-files/churchdocs/SacramentorumAndNormaeEnglish.htm www.bishop-accountability.org] Unofficial translation of ''Sacramentorum sanctitatis tutela'' by the USCCB and a translation of the Norms by Gregory Ingels, both revised by Joseph R. Punderson and Charles J. Scicluna. The new norms (like the American norms) consider a minor to be anyone under the age of 18&mdash;a wider definition than in the Code of Canon Law, where minors are below the age of 16. # {{note|Observer-240505a}} Jamie Doward, "[http://observer.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,6903,1469055,00.html Pope 'obstructed' sex abuse inquiry]," ''The Guardian'', April 24, 2005. # {{note|CNSb}} "[http://www.americamagazine.org/catholicnews.cfm?articleTypeID=29&textID=1352&issueID=355 Signs of the Times: Doctrinal Congregation Takes Over Priestly Pedophilia Cases]", ''Catholic News Service'', December 17, 2001. # {{note|AAS}} ''[[Acta Apostolicae Sedis]]'' 93 (2001): 737&ndash;39, 785&ndash;88. # {{note|CIC}} [http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/__P3.HTM Code of Canon Law: Canon 8, §1], The Vatican. # {{note|CLI}} [http://mywebpages.comcast.net/enpeters/blog.htm CanonLaw.info], April 29, 2005 update to ''Much Ado About Nothing'' by Dr Edward Peters, JCD, JD # {{note|ZE02120324}} "[http://www.zenit.org/english/visualizza.phtml?sid=28487 Cardinal Ratzinger ... Sees Agenda Behind the Reporting in U.S.]," ''Zenit News Agency'', December 3, 2002. # {{note|vatican_transcript}} [http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/2005/via_crucis/en/station_09.html Vatican Transcript of Meditation on the Ninth Station of the Cross], The Vatican. # {{note|Observer-240505b_c}} See note 8 above. # {{note|Observer-240505b_d}} See note 8 above. # {{note|theaustralian}} Justin Sparks, and John Follain, "[http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5744,15003155%255E39835,00.html Nazi link may dog favourite]," ''The Australian'', April 18, 2005. # {{note|www.vatican.va.640}} {{Web reference_simple | title= the official Latin text | URL=http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_20000806_dominus-iesus_lt.html | date= July 7 | year= 2005 }} # {{note|scoba}} "[http://www.scoba.us/resources/filioque-p02.asp The Filioque: A Church-dividing Issue? An agreed statement of the North American Orthodox-Catholic Theological Consultation]", ''[[North American Orthodox-Catholic Theological Consultation]]'', October 25, 2003. # {{note|worldjewishcongress}} "[http://www.worldjewishcongress.org/nfo/article.cfm?id=3908 Election of Cardinal Ratzinger as new Pope welcomed]," ''World Jewish Congress'', April 19, 2005. # {{note|phayul}} "[http://www.phayul.com/news/article.aspx?id=9643&article=His+Holiness+the+Dalai+Lama+Greets+New+Pope His Holiness the Dalai Lama Greets New Pope]," Phayul.com, April 20, 2005; [http://english.chosun.com/w21data/html/news/200504/200504200016.html Korean Catholics Welcome New Pontiff]," english.chosun.com, April 20, 2005. # {{note|csmonitor}} Jim Bencivenga, "[http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/0422/dailyUpdate.html Navigating a clash of civilizations: Examining the new pope's old comments on Turkey's entry into the European Union]," ''Christian Science Monitor'', April 22, 2005. # {{note|CNNquote}} [http://www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/europe/04/25/pope.monday/ http://www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/europe/04/25/pope.monday/] Quote from a CNN Interview, April 25, 2005. # {{note|vatican_FirstGenAud}} [http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/audiences/2005/documents/hf_ben-xvi_aud_20050427_en.html Pope Benedict XVI's General Audience Speech], The Vatican, April 27, 2005. # {{note|coatofarms}} [http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/elezione/stemma-benedict-xvi_en.html Coat of Arms of His Holiness Benedict XVI], The Vatican. # {{note|AP}} Nicole Winfield, "[http://www.guardian.co.uk/worldlatest/story/0,1280,-5056168,00.html Pope Benedict XVI condemns same-sex unions]," ''The Guardian'', June 6, 2005. # {{note|Washington_postJune16}} Alan Cooperman, "[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/06/15/AR2005061502305.html Pope Halts Beatification of French Priest]", ''Washington Post'', June 16, 2005. <!--READ ME!! PLEASE DO NOT JUST ADD NEW NOTES AT THE BOTTOM. See the instructions above on ordering. --> == Books and theological writings == :''Main article (with original titles and English translations): [[Works of Pope Benedict XVI]]'' *''Called to Communion: Understanding the Church Today.'' 1996. *''Eschatology: Death and Eternal Life.'' Dogmatic Theology series. Michael Waldstein, Trans. 1988. *''God and the World: A Conversation with Peter Seewald.'' 2002. *''God Is Near Us: The Eucharist, the Heart of Life.'' 2003. *''In the Beginning….: A Catholic Understanding of the Story of Creation and the Fall.'' 1995. *''Introduction to Christianity.'' 1968, new edition 2000. *''Journey to Easter.'' (Forthcoming) *''Many Religions, One Covenant: Israel, The Church, and the World.'' 1999. *''Milestones: Memoirs 1927-1977.'' 1998. *''Ratzinger Report: An Exclusive Interview on the State of the Church.'' 1985. *''Salt of the Earth: The Church at the End of the Millennium, An Interview With Peter Seewald.'' 1997. *''Spirit of the Liturgy.'' 2000. *''Truth and Tolerance: Christian Belief and World Religions.'' 2004. *''Values in a Time of Upheaval.'' (Forthcoming) ==Literature== * Allen, John L.: ''Cardinal Ratzinger: the Vatican's enforcer of the faith''. &ndash; New York: Continuum, 2000 * Nichols OP, Aidan: ''Theology of Joseph Ratzinger''. &ndash; Edinburgh; T&T Clark, 1988 * Wagner, Karl: ''Kardinal Ratzinger: der Erzbischof in München und Freising in Wort und Bild''. &ndash; München : Pfeiffer, 1977 * Pater Prior Maximilian Heim: ''Joseph Ratzinger - Kirchliche Existenz und existenzielle Theologie unter dem Anspruch von Lumen gentium'' (diss.). * Herrmann, Horst: ''Benedikt XVI. Der neue Papst aus Deutschland''. &ndash; Berlin 2005 ==Biographies== * Allen, John L. (2005) ''Pope Benedict XVI: A Biography of Joseph Ratzinger'' New York: Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 0826417868 * Bardazzi, Marco (2005) ''In the Vineyard of the Lord : The Life, Faith, and Teachings of Joseph Ratzinger, Pope Benedict XV'' New York: Rizzoli International. ISBN 0847828018 * Bunson, Matthew. (2005) ''We Have a Pope! Benedict XVI'' Huntington IN: Our Sunday Visitor. ISBN 1592761801 * Tobin, Greg. (2005) ''Holy Father : Pope Benedict XVI: Pontiff for a New Era'' Sterling. ISBN 1402731728 ==External links and references== ===Official=== *[http://www.vatican.va Vatican: the Holy See] &ndash; Vatican web site *[http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/index.htm The Holy See - The Holy Father - Benedict XVI] &ndash; Vatican web site about the Holy Father Benedict XVI *[http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/elezione/index_en.htm Vatican: Election] Vatican web page about election * ''[http://www.communio-icr.com/ Communio]'' magazine, founded by Ratzinger and others. Contains recent articles by him. *Official email address: [mailto:benedictxvi@vatican.va] (see [http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/elezione/index_en.htm link 'Greetings to the Holy Father']) ===Biographical=== *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4445279.stm Pope Benedict XVI: BBC Profile] *[http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,1558777,00.html Deutsche Welle Dossier on Benedict XVI] *[http://washingtontimes.com/upi-breaking/20050401-033437-4653r.htm Washington Times Analysis: Ratzinger in the ascendance] *[http://www.wsws.org/articles/2005/apr2005/pope-a22.shtml WSWS.org - Pope Benedict XVI’s political resume: theocracy and social reaction] *[http://www.natcath.com/NCR_Online/archives/041699/041699a.htm The Vatican’s Enforcer] &ndash; The National Catholic Reporter's 1999 Cover Story on the history of then Cardinal Ratzinger *[http://www.catholicculture.org/docs/doc_view.cfm?recnum=663 World War II years] ===The first days of his papacy=== *[http://www.punditguy.com/2005/04/german_pope.html Pope News Roundup] *[http://www.americancatholic.org/news/BenedictXVI American Catholic - Pope Benedict XVI Starts His Papacy] *[http://www.angelfire.com/tv2/benedictxvi/ Cardinal Jorge Arturo Medina Estevez announcing Habemus Papam (We have a Pope!)] ([[Windows Media Player]] Video). *[http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/programmes/misc/papal_inauguration.shtml BBC audio of ''The Inauguration Mass of Pope Benedict XVI''] from Sunday 24th April ===General=== *[http://www.popebenedictxvifanclub.com/index.html The Pope Benedict XVI Fan Club] (see also [http://www.ratzingerfanclub.com/ The Cardinal Ratzinger Fan Club]) *[http://thepopeblog.blogspot.com The Pope Blog: Pope Benedict XVI] *[http://catholicapologeticsofamerica.blogspot.com/ Catholic Apologetics of America] *[http://www.ratzinger.it Amici di Joseph Ratzinger] (in Italian) *[http://www.vatikan-news.org Portal Papst Benedikt XVI.] (in German) *[http://www.papst-benedikt.be Papst News: Papst Benedikt XVI] (in German) *[http://www.cardinalrating.com/cardinal_84.htm Ratzinger page at www.cardinalrating.com] *[http://www.repubblica.it/2005/g/sezioni/spettacoli_e_cultura/harrypotter/harrypotter/harrypotter.html About his hostility toward Harry Potter books] (in Italian) {{Episcopal_Succession | | date of consecration=[[May 28]], [[1977]] | consecrated by=[[Josef Stangl]] | bishopconsecrated1 = bishopconsecrated1 | bishop 1=[[Alberto Cardinal Bovone]] | consecration date 1=[[May 12]].[[1984]] | bishopconsecrated2 = bishopconsecrated2 | bishop 2=[[Zygmunt Zimowski]] | consecration date 2=[[May 25]]. [[2002]] | bishopconsecrated3 = bishopconsecrated3 | bishop 3=[[Josef Clemens]] | consecration date 3=[[January 6]], [[2004]] | bishopconsecrated4 = bishopconsecrated4 | bishop 4=[[Bruno Forte]] | consecration date 4=[[September 8]], [[2004]] | bishopconsecrated5 = null | bishop 5= | consecration date 5= | bishopconsecrated6 = null | bishop 6= | consecration date 6= | bishopconsecrated7 = null | bishop 7= | consecration date 7= | bishopconsecrated8 = null | bishop 8= | consecration date 8= | bishopconsecrated9 = null | bishop 9= | consecration date 9= | bishopconsecrated10 = null | bishop 10= | consecration date 10= | bishopconsecrated11 = null | bishop 11= | consecration date 11= | bishopconsecrated12 = null | bishop 12= | consecration date 12= | bishopconsecrated13 = null | bishop 13= | consecration date 13= | bishopconsecrated14 = null | bishop 14= | consecration date 14= | bishopconsecrated15 = null | bishop 15= | consecration date 15= | bishopconsecrated16 = null | bishop 16= | consecration date 16= | bishopconsecrated17 = null | bishop 17= | consecration date 17= | bishopconsecrated18 = null | bishop 18= | consecration date 18= | bishopconsecrated19 = null | bishop 19= | consecration date 19= | bishopconsecrated20 = null | bishop 20= | consecration date 20= }} <center> {{start box}} {{succession box | before=[[Julius Cardinal Döpfner]] | title=[[Archdiocese of Munich and Freising|Archbishop of Munich and Freising]] | years=[[1977]]&ndash;[[1982]] | after=[[Friedrich Cardinal Wetter]] }} {{succession box | before=[[Franjo Šeper|Franjo Cardinal Šeper]] | title=[[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith|Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]] | years=[[1981]]&ndash;[[2005]] | after=[[William Joseph Levada]] }} {{succession box | before=[[Bernardin Cardinal Gantin]] | title=[[Dean of the College of Cardinals]] | years=[[2002]]&ndash;[[2005]] | after=[[Angelo Cardinal Sodano]] }} {{succession box | before=[[Pope John Paul II|<!-- please do not insert "the Servant of God"; this has been discussed on the Talk Page -->John Paul II]] | title=[[List of Popes|Pope]] | years=[[2005]]&ndash;''present'' | after=''incumbent''}} {{end box}} </center> <!--Categories--> [[Category:Popes|Benedict 16]] [[Category:German popes|Benedict 16]] [[Category:Current national leaders|Benedict 16]] [[Category:Reigning monarchs|Benedict 16]] [[Category:Bundesverdienstkreuz|Benedict 16]] [[Category:Pope Benedict XVI| ]] [[Category:1927 births|Benedict 16]] [[Category: German theologians|Benedict 16]] <!--Interlanguage links--> {{Link FA|no}} {{Link FA|no}} [[ar:بينيدكت السادس عشر]] [[ast:Benedictu XVI]] [[bg:Бенедикт XVI]] [[zh-min-nan:Benedictus 16-sè]] [[ca:Benet XVI]] [[cs:Benedikt XVI.]] [[cy:Pab Benedict XVI]] [[da:Pave Benedikt 16.]] [[de:Benedikt XVI.]] [[et:Benedictus XVI]] [[el:Πάπας Βενέδικτος ΙΣΤ']] [[es:Benedicto XVI]] [[eo:Benedikto la 16-a]] [[fo:Benadikt XVI]] [[fr:Benoît XVI]] [[fur:Pape Benedet XVI]] [[ga:Pápa Beinidict XVI]] [[gl:Benedito XVI]] [[ko:교황 베네딕토 16세]] [[hi:जोज़फ़ रैत्सिंगर]] [[hr:Benedikt XVI.]] [[io:Benedictus 16ma]] [[id:Paus Benediktus XVI]] [[is:Benedikt XVI]] [[it:Papa Benedetto XVI]] [[he:בנדיקטוס השישה עשר]] [[la:Benedictus XVI]] [[lt:Benediktas XVI]] [[lb:Benoît XVI. (Poopst)]] [[li:Benedictus XVI]] [[hu:XVI. Benedek]] [[ms:Paus Benedict XVI]] [[mo:Папа Бенедикт ал ⅩⅥ-ля]] [[nl:Paus Benedictus XVI]] [[ja:ベネディクト16世 (ローマ教皇)]] [[no:Benedikt XVI]] [[nn:Pave Benedikt XVI]] [[pl:Papież Benedykt XVI]] [[pt:Papa Bento XVI]] [[ro:Papa Benedict al XVI-lea]] [[ru:Бенедикт XVI (Папа Римский)]] [[sco:Pape Benedict XVI]] [[sh:Benedikt XVI]] [[scn:Binidittu XVI]] [[simple:Pope Benedict XVI]] [[sk:Benedikt XVI.]] [[sl:Papež Benedikt XVI.]] [[sr:Папа Бенедикт XVI]] [[fi:Benedictus XVI]] [[sv:Benedictus XVI]] [[tl:Papa Benito XVI]] [[ta:போப் பெனடிக்ட் XVI]] [[th:สมเด็จพระสันตะปาปาเบเนดิกต์ที่ 16]] [[tpi:Benedict XVI]] [[uk:Бенедикт XVI]] [[zh:本篤十六世]] 6362 2005-09-28T00:22:50Z Moyogo 11 #REDIRECT [[Pápa Benwa XVI]] Pápa Benwa XVI 1847 6355 2005-09-27T19:35:19Z 199.8.239.11 {{Infobox Pope | English name = Benedict XVI| image = [[Image:Popebenedictxvi firsttimeonthrone.jpg|200px|]]| birth_name = Joseph Alois Ratzinger| term_start = [[April 19]], [[2005]]| term_end = ''[[Incumbent]]''| predecessor = [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]]| successor = ''[[Incumbent]]''| birth_date = [[April 16]], [[1927]]| birthplace = [[Marktl am Inn]], [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]| dead = alive| death_date = | deathplace = | }} {{infobox popestyles| papal name=Pope Benedict XVI| dipstyle=[[His Holiness]]| offstyle=Your Holiness| relstyle=Holy Father| deathstyle=not applicable|}} '''Pope Benedict XVI''' ([[Ecclesiastical Latin|Latin]]: ''Benedictus PP. XVI''; born [[April 16]], [[1927]] as '''Joseph Alois Ratzinger''' in [[Marktl am Inn]], [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]) is the 265th <!-- John A. Hardon's "Modern Catholic Dictionary (1980) lists Pope John Paul II as 264th pope. If you think this is inaccurate, please discuss it on the talk page before changing it here. Thanks. -->reigning [[pope]], the head of the [[Roman Catholic Church]] and [[monarch|sovereign]] of [[Vatican City]]. He was elected on [[April 19]], [[2005]], in a [[Papal conclave, 2005|papal conclave]] over which he presided in his capacity as [[Dean of the College of Cardinals|dean]] of the [[College of Cardinals]]. He celebrated his [[Papal Inauguration|Papal Inauguration Mass]] on [[April 24]], [[2005]] and was enthroned in the Basilica of St. John Lateran ([[Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano]]) on [[May 7]], [[2005]]. One of the most influential academic theologians since the 1960s and author of many books, he is viewed as conservative and a close ally of his predecessor, [[Pope John Paul II]]. He served as professor at various German universities, [[Archbishop]] of [[Munich]], [[Prefect]] of the [[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]] and [[Dean of the College of Cardinals]] before becoming Pope. In response to an increasing de-christianisation in many developed countries, where [[secular humanism]], [[secularism]], and [[secularization]] are influential, the Pope particularly emphasizes what he sees as the need for Europe to turn back to its fundamental values. ==Overview== [[Image:Benedict-salute.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Pope Benedict XVI]] Pope Benedict XVI was [[Papal election|elected pope]] at the age of 78. He is the [[List of ages of popes|oldest person to have been elected pope]] since [[Pope Clement XII|Clement XII]] in [[1730]]. He served longer as a [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] before being elected pope than any pope since [[Pope Benedict XIII|Benedict XIII]] (elected [[1724]]). He is the ninth German pope, the last being the Dutch-German [[Pope Adrian VI|Adrian VI]] ([[1522]]&ndash;[[1523]]). The last pope named Benedict was [[Pope Benedict XV|Benedict XV]], an Italian who reigned from [[1914]] to [[1922]], during [[World War I]]. Ratzinger was born in [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]. He had a distinguished career as a university [[theology|theologian]] before being made the [[archbishop]] of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Munich|Munich]]; he was subsequently made a cardinal by [[Pope Paul VI]] in the [[consistory]] of [[June 27]], [[1977]]. He was appointed as the prefect of the [[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]] by [[Pope John Paul II]] in [[1981]] and was made the [[Cardinal Bishop|cardinal bishop]] of the [[suburbicarian diocese]] of [[Velletri]]-[[Segni]] on [[April 5]], [[1993]]. In [[1998]], he was made the sub-dean of the [[College of Cardinals]]; later, on [[November 30]], [[2002]], he became the dean and simultaneously the cardinal bishop of the suburbicarian diocese of [[Ostia]]. He was the first dean of the college elected pope since [[Pope Paul IV|Paul IV]] in [[1555]] and the first cardinal bishop elected pope since [[Pope Pius VIII|Pius VIII]] in [[1829]]. Before becoming pope, Cardinal Ratzinger was already one of the most influential men in the Vatican, and was a close associate of the late John Paul II. He presided over the [[funeral of John Paul II]] and also over the Mass immediately preceding the 2005 conclave in which he was elected, in which he called on the assembled cardinals to hold fast to the doctrine of the faith. He was the public face of the church in much of the ''[[sede vacante]]'' period, although he ranked below the ''[[camerlengo]]'' in administrative authority during that time. Benedict XVI's views appear to be similar to those of his predecessor in maintaining the traditional Catholic doctrines on artificial [[birth control]], [[abortion]], and [[homosexuality]] while promoting [[Catholic social teaching]]. Benedict speaks [[German language|German]], [[Italian language|Italian]] and [[French language|French]] fluently, and [[English language|English]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]] and [[Latin language|Latin]] slightly less fluently. He can read [[ancient Greek]] and classical [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]]. He is a member of a large number of academies, such as the French ''[[Académie des sciences morales et politiques]]''. He plays the [[piano]] and has a preference for [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]] and [[Ludwig van Beethoven|Beethoven]]. == Early life (1927&ndash;1951) == {{main|Early life of Pope Benedict XVI}} ===Background and childhood (1927&ndash;1943)=== <!-- Please consider developing the separate article instead! This section is to be reduced in size. --> [[Image:PopeBenedicts1stHome.jpg|thumb|250px|Ratzinger was born at a house in Marktl am Inn which survives today.]] [[Image:Benedict boy.jpg|thumb|250px|Ratzinger as a boy]] [[Image:Stmichaelseminarytraunstein KerstinJoensson.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ratzinger studied at Saint Michael Seminary in Traunstein, Germany.]] Joseph Alois Ratzinger was born on [[Holy Saturday]], at Schulstrasse 11, his parents' home in [[Marktl am Inn]], [[Bavaria]]. He was the third and youngest child of [[Joseph Ratzinger, Sr.]], a police officer, and his wife, Maria Ratzinger (nee Peintner), who worked as a barmaid, and whose family were from [[South Tyrol]] (today part of [[Italy]]). His father served in both the Bavarian State Police (''[[Landespolizei]]'') and the German national Regular Police ([[Ordnungspolizei]]) before retiring in [[1937]] to the town of [[Traunstein]]. The ''[[Sunday Times]]'' of [[London]] described the elder Ratzinger as "an anti-Nazi whose attempts to rein in Hitler's [[Brown shirts|Sturmabteilung]] forced the family to move several times." {{ref|timesonline_a}}. According to the ''[[International Herald Tribune]]'', these relocations were directly related to Joseph Ratzinger, Sr.'s continued resistance to [[Nazism]], which resulted in demotions and transfers. {{ref|iht_demotions}} The pope's brother [[Georg Ratzinger|Georg]] said: "Our father was a bitter enemy of Nazism because he believed it was in conflict with our faith." {{ref|nytimes_faith}}. Pope Benedict's brother, Georg, is still living. His sister, Maria Ratzinger, who never married, managed her brother Joseph's household until her death in [[1991]]. Their grand uncle [[Georg Ratzinger (politician)|Georg Ratzinger]] was a priest and member of the [[Reichstag (institution)|Reichstag]], as the German Parliament was called then. The pope's relatives agree that his ambitions to serve in the upper echelons of the Church were apparent since childhood. At age five, Ratzinger was in a group of children who presented the [[Archbishop]] of [[Munich]] with flowers; later that day he announced he wanted to be a cardinal. (See also [[Early life of Pope Benedict XVI]].) According to his cousin Erika Kopp, Ratzinger had no desire from childhood to be anything other than a priest. When he was 15, she says, he announced that he was going to be a bishop, whereupon she playfully remarked, 'And why not Pope?'. When Ratzinger turned 14 he was forced by law to join the [[Hitler Youth]] (membership was legally required from December [[1936]]{{ref|HistoryPlace}}.) According to the ''[[National Catholic Reporter]]'' correspondent and biographer John Allen, Ratzinger was an unenthusiastic member who refused to attend meetings. Ratzinger has mentioned that a Nazi mathematics professor arranged reduced tuition payments for him at [[seminary]]. This normally required documentation of attendance at Hitler Youth activities; however, according to Ratzinger, his sympathetic professor arranged things so that he did not have to attend to receive a scholarship. ===Military service (1943&ndash;1945)=== In [[1943]], when he was 16, Ratzinger was drafted with many of his classmates into the [[FlaK]] ([[anti-aircraft]] [[artillery]] corps). They guarded various facilities including a [[BMW]] aircraft engine plant north of Munich and, later, the jet fighter base at [[Gilching]], where Ratzinger served in telephone communications. After his class was released from the Corps in September [[1944]], Ratzinger was put to work setting up anti-tank defences in the [[Hungary|Hungarian]] border area of [[Austria]] in preparation for the expected [[Red Army]] offensive. When his unit was released from service in November [[1944]], he went home for three weeks, and then was drafted into the German army at Munich to receive basic [[infantry]] training in the nearby town of Traunstein. His unit served at various posts around the city and was never sent to the front. In late April or early May, 1945 days or weeks before the [[End of World War II in Europe|German surrender]], Ratzinger deserted. [[Desertion]] was widespread during the last weeks of the war, even though punishable by death (executions, frequently extrajudicial, continued to the end); diminished morale and the greatly diminished risk of prosecution from a preoccupied and disorganized German military contributed to the growing wave of soldiers looking toward self-preservation. On his way home he ran into soldiers on guard, but they let him go. When the Americans arrived in the village, all soldiers were taken [[prisoner of war|prisoners of war]]. Ratzinger was briefly interned in a [[prisoner-of-war camp]] near [[Ulm]] and was repatriated on [[June 19]], [[1945]]. The family was reunited when his brother, Georg, returned after being repatriated from a prisoner-of-war camp in Italy. ===Education (1946&ndash;1951)=== <!-- Please consider developing the separate article instead! This section is to be reduced in size. --> After he was repatriated in 1945, he and his brother entered Saint Michael Seminary in Traunstein, and then studied at the Ducal Georgianum (''Herzogliches Georgianum'') of the [[Ludwig-Maximilian University]] in Munich. According to an interview with Peter Seewald, he and his fellow students were particularly influenced by the works of [[Gertrud von le Fort]], [[Ernst Wiechert]], [[Fyodor Dostoyevsky]], [[Elisabeth Langgässer]], [[Theodor Steinbüchel]], [[Martin Heidegger]] and [[Karl Jaspers]]. The young Ratzinger saw the last three in particular as a break with the dominance of [[Neo-Kantianism]], with the key work being Steinbüchel's ''Die Wende des Denkens'' ("The Change in Thinking"). By the end of his studies he was drawn more to the active [[Augustine of Hippo|Saint Augustine]] than to [[Thomas Aquinas]], and among the [[scholastic]]s he was more interested in [[Saint Bonaventure]]. On [[June 29]], [[1951]], he and his brother were ordained by [[Michael Cardinal von Faulhaber]] of [[Munich]]. His dissertation ([[1953]]) was on Saint Augustine, entitled "The People and the House of God in Augustine's Doctrine of the Church," and his ''[[Habilitation]]sschrift'' (a dissertation which serves as qualification for a professorship) was on Saint Bonaventure. It was completed in [[1957]] and he became a professor of [[Freising]] College in [[1958]]. ==Early church career (1951&ndash;1981)== [[Image:Ratzingercelebratesmass.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Ratzinger as a young priest celebrates mass in Ruhpolding, Germany in 1952.]] [[Image:Jp1-foto035.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ratzinger offers an oath of submission at the September 1978 papal inauguration of John Paul I.]] [[Image:Leavingmunich1982feb28 DietherEndlicher.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ratzinger is given a formal farewell as he leaves the Archdiocese of Munich to become the new Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith on February 28, 1982.]] [[Image:Cardinal Ratzinger and Pope John Paul II.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ratzinger with John Paul II in 2003.]] [[Image:2004 katholische-akademie-habermas-ratzinger 1-799x533.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ratzinger debates with German philosopher [[Jürgen Habermas]] at the Catholic Academy of Bavaria, Germany in 2004.]] Ratzinger became a professor at the [[University of Bonn]] in [[1959]]; his inaugural lecture was on "The God of Faith and the God of Philosophy." In [[1963]] he moved to the [[University of Münster]], where his inaugural lecture was given in a packed lecture hall, as he was already well known as a theologian. At the [[Second Vatican Council]] ([[1962]]&ndash;[[1965]]), Ratzinger served as a ''peritus'' or theological consultant to [[Josef Cardinal Frings]] of [[Cologne]], Germany, and has continued to defend the council, including ''[[Nostra Aetate]],'' the document on respect of other religions and the declaration of the right to [[religious freedom]]. He was viewed during the time of the council as a reformer. (Later, as the [[Prefect for the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]], Ratzinger most clearly spelled out the Catholic Church's position on other religions in the document ''[[Dominus Iesus]]'' ([[2000]]) which also talks about the proper way to engage in ''[[ecumenical]] dialogue''.) In [[1966]], he took a chair in dogmatic theology at the [[University of Tübingen]], where he was a colleague of [[Hans Küng]]. In his [[1968]] book ''Introduction to Christianity'', he wrote that the pope has a duty to hear differing voices within the Church before making a decision, and downplayed the centrality of the papacy. He also wrote that the church of the time was too centralized, rule-bound and overly controlled from Rome. These sentences, however, did not appear in later editions of the book. During this time, he distanced himself from the atmosphere of Tübingen and the [[Marxism|Marxist]] leanings of the student movement of the [[1960s]], that in Germany quickly radicalised in the years [[1967]] and [[1968]], culminating in a series of disturbances and riots in April and May 1968. Ratzinger came increasingly to see these and associated developments (decreasing respect for authority among his students, the rise of the German [[gay rights]] movement) as related to a departure from traditional Catholic teachings. Increasingly, his views, despite his reformist bent, contrasted with those liberal ideas gaining currency in the theological academy.{{ref|nytimes_campus}} In [[1969]] he returned to Bavaria, to the University of [[Regensburg]]. In [[1972]], he founded the theological journal ''[[Communio]]'' with [[Hans Urs von Balthasar]], [[Henri de Lubac]], [[Walter Cardinal Kasper|Walter Kasper]] and others. ''Communio,'' now published in seventeen editions ([[German language|German]], [[English language|English]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]] and many others), has become one of the most important [[journal]]s of Catholic thought. He remains one of the journal's most prolific contributors. In March [[1977]] Ratzinger was named [[archbishop]] of [[Munich]] and [[Freising]]. According to his autobiography, ''Milestones'', he took as his episcopal motto ''Cooperatores Veritatis'', co-workers of the Truth, from [[Third Epistle of John|3 John]]: 8. In the [[consistory]] of June 1977 he was named a [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] by [[Pope Paul VI]]. By the time of the 2005 Conclave, he was one of only 14 remaining cardinals appointed by Paul VI, and one of only three of those under the age of 80, and one of only two who participated in the conclave, the other being Cardinal Baum. == Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (1981&ndash;2005) == [[Image:Cardinalratzinger C0NGR.0f faith.jpg|thumb|left|'''Cardinal Ratzinger'''. Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]] On [[November 25]], [[1981]], Pope John Paul II named Ratzinger prefect of the [[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]], formerly known as the [[Holy Office of the Inquisition]]. He resigned the Munich [[archdiocese]] in early [[1982]]. Already a cardinal priest, he was raised to Cardinal Bishop of Velletri-Segni in [[1993]]. He became vice-dean of the [[College of Cardinals]] in [[1998]], and dean in [[2002]]. In office, Ratzinger usually took traditional views on topics such as [[birth control]], [[homosexuality]], and [[Ecumenism|inter-religious dialogue]]. Among other things, he played a key role in silencing outspoken [[Liberation theology|liberation theologians]] and clergy in [[Latin America]] in the 1980s. (See also [[Theology of Pope Benedict XVI]].) ===Health=== In the early [[1990s]] Ratzinger suffered a [[stroke]] which slightly impaired his eyesight temporarily. The existence of the stroke had been known during the conclave that elected him pope. In May 2005, the Vatican revealed that he had subsequently suffered another mild stroke - it did not reveal when, other than that it occurred between 2003 and 2005. [[France]]'s [[Philippe Cardinal Barbarin]] further revealed that since the first stroke, Ratzinger has suffered from a heart condition. Because of his health problems, Ratzinger had hoped to retire, but had continued in his position in obedience to the wishes of Pope John Paul II.{{ref|SundayTimes}} ===Response to sex abuse scandal=== As Cardinal Ratzinger was Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF), the sexual abuse of minors by priests was his responsibility to investigate from 2001, when that charge was given to the CDF by Pope John Paul. {{ref|Observer-240505b_a}} On [[May 18]], [[2001]], Ratzinger, as part of the implementation of the norms enacted and promulgated {{ref|vatican_motu}} on [[April 30]] [[2001]] by Pope John Paul II, sent a [[Latin|Latin language]] letter {{ref|vatican_2001letter}} to every bishop in the Catholic Church reminding them of the strict penalties facing those who revealed confidential details concerning enquiries into allegations against priests of certain grave ecclesiastical crimes, including [[sexual abuse]], reserved to the jurisdiction of the CDF. The letter extended the prescription ([[statute of limitations]]) for these crimes to ten years. However, when the crime is sexual abuse of a minor, the "prescription begins to run from the day on that which the minor completes the eighteenth year of age." {{ref|vatican_norms}} Lawyers acting for two alleged victims of abuse in Texas claim that by sending the letter the cardinal conspired to obstruct justice. {{ref|Observer-240505a}} However, the letter did not discourage victims from reporting the abuse itself to the police; the secrecy related to the internal investigation. "The letter said the new norms reflected the CDF's traditional “exclusive competence” regarding ''delicta graviora''&mdash;Latin for “graver offenses.” According to [[canon law]] experts in Rome, reserving cases of clerical sexual abuse of minors to the CDF is something new. In past eras, some serious crimes by priests against sexual morality, including [[pedophilia]], were handled by that congregation or its predecessor, the Holy Office, but this has not been true in recent years." {{ref|CNSb}} The promulgation of the norms by Pope John Paul II and the subsequent letter by the then Prefect of the CDF were published in 2001 in ''Acta Apostolicae Sedis'' {{ref|AAS}} which, in accordance with the [[Canon law|Code of Canon Law]] {{ref|CIC}}, is the [[Holy See]]'s official journal, disseminated monthly to thousands of libraries and offices around the world. {{ref|CLI}} In [[2002]], Ratzinger accurately told the Catholic News Service that "less than one percent of priests are guilty of acts of this type." {{ref|ZE02120324}} Opponents saw this as ignoring the crimes of those who committed the abuse; others saw it as merely pointing out that this should not taint other priests who live respectable lives. {{ref|vatican_transcript}} A report by the Catholic Church itself estimated that some 4,450 of the Roman Catholic clergy who served between [[1950]] and [[2002]] have faced credible accusations of abuse. {{ref|Observer-240505b_c}} His [[Good Friday]] reflections in [[2005]] were interpreted as strongly condemning and regretting the abuse scandals, which largely put to rest the speculation of indifference. Shortly after his election, he told [[Francis Cardinal George]], the [[Archbishop of Chicago]], that he would attend to the matter. {{ref|Observer-240505b_d}} ===Dialogue with other faiths=== In [[2000]], the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith published a document entitled ''[[Dominus Iesus]]'' which reaffirmed the historic doctrine and mission of the Church to proclaim the Gospel. This was misunderstood by some who mistakenly believed that the Church had previously repudiated its unique role in the world. {{ref|theaustralian}} This document pointed out the danger to the Church of ''relativistic theories which seek to justify religious pluralism'' by denying that God has revealed truth to humanity. (par. 4) Addressing the question that one religion is as a good as another ([[syncretism]] or indifferentism) it states: ''...followers of other religions can receive divine grace, it is also certain that'' objectively speaking ''they are in a gravely deficient situation in comparison with those who, in the Church, have the fullness of the means of salvation.'' (par.22) The deliberate omission of [[filioque clause|"filioque" clause]] ("and the Son") in the first paragraph {{ref|www.vatican.va.640}} is seen as an outreach to [[Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] Church which has been in conflict with the [[Roman Catholic]] Church over its addition to the [[Nicene Creed]] for about one thousand years.{{ref|scoba}} The [[World Jewish Congress]] "welcomed" his election to the pontificate, noted "his great sensitivity to the Jewish history and the Holocaust," and quoted the Pope in its press release: :Even if the most recent, loathsome experience of the Shoah (Holocaust) was perpetrated in the name of an anti-Christian ideology, which tried to strike the Christian faith at its Abrahamic roots in the people of Israel, it cannot be denied that a certain insufficient resistance to this atrocity on the part of Christians can be explained by an inherited anti-Judaism present in the hearts of not a few Christians. {{ref|worldjewishcongress}} His Holiness the [[Dalai Lama]] congratulated Pope Benedict XVI upon his election. {{ref|phayul}} In an interview in [[2004]] for ''[[Le Figaro]]'' magazine, Ratzinger said [[Turkey]], a country [[Muslim]] by heritage and staunchly [[Secularism|secularist]] by its state constitution, should seek its future in an association of [[Islamic]] nations rather than the [[EU]], which has [[Christian]] roots. He said Turkey had always been "in permanent contrast to [[Europe]]" and that linking it to Europe would be a mistake.{{ref|csmonitor}} His defenders argue that it is to be expected that a leader within the Catholic Church would forcefully and explicitly argue in favor of the superiority of [[Catholicism]] over other religions. Others also maintain that single quotes from ''[[Dominus Iesus]]'' are not indicative of intolerance or an unwillingness to engage in dialogue with other [[faith]]s, and this is clear from a reading of the entire document. They point out that Ratzinger has been very active in promoting inter-faith dialogue. Specifically, they argue that Ratzinger has been instrumental at encouraging reconciliation with [[Lutheran]]s. In defending ''Dominus Iesus'', Ratzinger himself has stated that his belief is that inter-faith dialogue should take place on the basis of equal human dignity, but that equality of human dignity should not imply that each side is equally correct. ===Ratzinger and Fatima=== [[Image:JesusMagazine.jpg|thumb|125px|Ratzinger's Article]]Ratzinger has long been tied into the message of [[Our Lady of Fatima]] to three young [[Portugal|Portuguese]] children. Notably, until her death, [[Lúcia dos Santos]] was under orders from the Vatican not to discuss the Fatima revelations publicly unless given leave by Cardinal Ratzinger, one of seven people known to have read the actual ''Third Message'' put into writing in [[1944]], and author of the ''Theological Commentary on the Third Message'', one of four canon sourceworks kept alongside the Message. In 1984, an interview with Ratzinger was published in the [[Pauline Christianity|Pauline Sisters]] newsletter and that it deals with "dangers threatening the faith and the life of the Christian and therefore of the world", while stating that it marks the beginning of the [[Apocalypse|end-times]]. A year later the interview was re-published in ''The Ratzinger Report'', though several statements were omitted &mdash; either for editorial reasons, or clandestine conspiratorial reasons, depending on the party asked. In October 1987 he stated that "the things contained in [the] Third Secret correspond to what has been announced in Scripture and has been said again and again in many other Marian apparitions; first of all, that of Fatima in what is already known of what its message contains, conversion and penitence are the essential conditions for salvation". [[Image:BertoneAndRatzinger.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Ratzinger and Bertone at the press conference]]In 1997, Ratzinger and Capovilla publicly stated that the Third Message was ''not'' being withheld for fears it would condemn the changes of the [[Vatican II]] council. On [[June 26]] [[2000]], following the release of the text of the prophecy, Ratzinger issued a joint statement with [[Cardinal Bertone]] that the third and final chapter of [[Mary]]'s prophecy had been fulfilled in 1981 in a failed attempt on the Pope's life; critics point out however that a year after the attempted assassination, Lúcia told the Pope that the third prophecy had still not been fulfilled. He was quoted in the media as stating, "No great mystery is revealed; nor is the future unveiled. A careful reading of the text will probably prove disappointing." == Papacy == [[Image:Ratzingerpascha2005.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Not knowing that within a few weeks he would ascend the Throne of St. Peter himself, Ratzinger presided over the 2005 Easter Vigil Mass at St. Peter's Basilica in place of Pope John Paul II.]] === Election to the Papacy === ==== Prediction ==== On [[January 2]], [[2005]], ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine quoted unnamed Vatican sources as saying that Ratzinger was a frontrunner to succeed [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]] should the pope die or become too ill to continue as pope. On the death of [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]], the ''[[Financial Times]]'' gave the odds of Ratzinger becoming pope as 7&ndash;1, the lead position, but close to his rivals on the liberal wing of the church. In [[April 2005]], before his election as pope, he was identified as one of the [[List of TIME Magazine's 100 most influential people of 2005|100 most influential people in the world]] by ''Time'' magazine. Ratzinger himself had repeatedly stated he would like to retire to a Bavarian village and dedicate himself to writing books, but more recently, he told friends he was ready to "accept any charge God placed on him." Piers Paul Read wrote in ''[[The Spectator (1828)|The Spectator]]'' on [[March 5]], [[2005]]: :''There can be little doubt that his courageous promotion of orthodox Catholic teaching has earned him the respect of his fellow cardinals throughout the world. He is patently holy, highly intelligent and sees clearly what is at stake. Indeed, for those who blame the decline of Catholic practice in the developed world precisely on the propensity of many European bishops to hide their heads in the sand, a pope who confronts it may be just what is required. Ratzinger is no longer young&mdash;he is 78 years old: but Angelo Roncalli, who revolutionized Catholicism by calling the Second Vatican Council was almost the same age (76) when he became pope as [[Pope John XXIII|John XXIII]]. As Jeff Israely, the correspondent of Time, was told by a Vatican insider last month, "The Ratzinger solution is definitely on."'' However, Papal predictions in modern history had often been wrong, with the most popular candidates often losing the election in favor of a more unknown, obscure cardinal. ==== Election ==== [[Image:Pope Benedict XVI elected.jpg|thumb|250px|Benedict XVI appears on the balcony shortly after his election.]] [[Image:Pope Benedict Mass of Installation.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Benedict's installation mass on St. Peter's Square]] [[Image:Benedict sodano.jpg|thumb|left|150px|[[Angelo Cardinal Sodano]] kisses the ring of the new Pope for the first time at his installation mass]] On [[April 19]], [[2005]] Cardinal Ratzinger was elected as the successor to Pope John Paul II on the second day of the [[Papal conclave, 2005|papal conclave]] after four ballots. Coincidentally, [[April 19]] is the feast of St. [[Pope Leo IX|Leo IX]], a German pope who instituted major reforms in the [[Middle Ages]] during his papacy. Cardinal Ratzinger had hoped to retire peacefully and said that "At a certain point, I prayed to God 'please don't do this to me'...Evidently, this time He didn't listen to me." {{ref|CNNquote}} Before his first appearance at the balcony of [[Saint Peter's Basilica]] after becoming pope, he was announced by the [[Jorge Cardinal Medina Estévez]], protodeacon of the College of Cardinals. Cardinal Medina Estévez first addressed the massive crowd as "dear(est) brothers and sisters" in Italian, Spanish, French, German and English &mdash; each language receiving cheers from the international crowd &mdash; before continuing with the traditional ''[[Habemus Papam]]'' announcement in Latin. At the balcony, Benedict's first words to the crowd, before he gave the traditional ''[[Urbi et Orbi]]'' blessing, were: :''Dear brothers and sisters, after the great Pope John Paul II, the Cardinals have elected me, a simple and humble labourer in the vineyard of the Lord.'' :''The fact that the Lord knows how to work and to act even with inadequate instruments comforts me, and above all I entrust myself to your prayers.'' :''In the joy of the Risen Lord, let us move forward, confident of his unfailing help. The Lord will help us and Mary, his Most Holy Mother, will be on our side. Thank you.'' (translation from original Italian). He then gave the blessing to the people. ===Choice of name=== The choice of the name Benedict (Latin "the blessed") is significant. Benedict XVI used his first [[General Audience]] in St. Peter's Square, on [[April 27]], [[2005]], to explain to the world on why he chose the name: :''"Filled with sentiments of awe and thanksgiving, I wish to speak of why I chose the name Benedict. Firstly, I remember [[Pope Benedict XV]], that courageous prophet of peace, who guided the Church through turbulent times of war. In his footsteps I place my ministry in the service of reconciliation and harmony between peoples. Additionally, I recall [[Saint Benedict]] of Norcia, co-patron of Europe, whose life evokes the Christian roots of Europe. I ask him to help us all to hold firm to the centrality of Christ in our Christian life: May Christ always take first place in our thoughts and actions!" ''{{ref|vatican_FirstGenAud}} === Early days of Papacy === [[Image:Coabxvi.png|thumb|right|Papal Arms of Pope Benedict XVI. The [[papal tiara]] was replaced with a bishop's [[mitre]], and [[pallium]] of the Pope was added beneath the coat of arms.]] Pope Benedict has confounded the expectations of many in the early days of his papacy by his gentle public persona and his promise to listen. It is notable that he has used an open [[popemobile]], saying that he wants to be closer to the people. [[Coat of arms of Pope Benedict XVI|Benedict's coat of arms]] have officially omitted the [[papal tiara]], traditionally appearing in the background to designate the Pope's position and replaced it with a simple [[mitre]].{{ref|coatofarms}} However, there have been papal documents since his inauguration that have been appearing with the papal tiara present. Since it is the shield and not the background which is unique to the individual Pope, various backgrounds are possible (though rarely used) for even a single shield. During his inaugural Mass, the previous custom of all the cardinals submitting was replaced by having 12 people, representing cardinals, clergy, religious, a married couple and their child, and newly [[confirmation|confirmed]] people, submit to him. However, all the cardinals had already sworn their obedience upon his election. In a return to tradition, Benedict chose to resurrect the ancient tradition of the red [[papal shoes]] and to delegate the celebration of the beatification liturgies. ===Teachings=== As Pope, Benedict XVI's main role is to teach about the Catholic faith and the solutions to the problems of the faith, a role that he can play well being a former head of the Church's Congregation of the Faith. The emphases of his teachings are stated in more detail in [[Theology of Pope Benedict XVI]]. ====Friendship with Jesus Christ==== According to commentators, during the Inaugural Mass, the core of his message, the most moving and famous part, is found in the last paragraph of his homily where he referred to both Jesus Christ and John Paul II. After referring to John Paul II's well-known words (Do not be afraid! Open wide the doors for Christ!), Benedict XVI says: :Are we not perhaps all afraid in some way? If we let Christ enter fully into our lives, if we open ourselves totally to him, are we not afraid that He might take something away from us?...And once again the Pope said: No! If we let Christ into our lives, we lose nothing, nothing, absolutely nothing of what makes life free, beautiful and great. No! Only in this friendship do we experience beauty and liberation....When we give ourselves to him, we receive a hundredfold in return. Yes, open, open wide the doors to Christ – and you will find true life. [http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/homilies/documents/hf_ben-xvi_hom_20050424_inizio-pontificato_en.html] "Friendship with Jesus Christ" is a theme of his preaching which is found in many of his homilies and his addresses. For example, his address to the priests of Rome, his diocese as bishop: [http://www.ewtn.com/library/PAPALDOC/B16CLERO.HTM] and to the cardinals in the pre-conclave, a key public address to the Church's top leaders: [http://www.ewtn.com/pope/words/conclave_homily.asp] ===="Dictatorship of relativism"==== Continuing what he said in the pre-conclave Mass about what he has often referred to as the "central problem of our faith today": [http://www.ewtn.com/library/CURIA/RATZRELA.HTM] the world "moving towards a dictatorship of [[relativism]]", [http://www.nationalcatholicreporter.org/word/wyd082105.htm] on June 6, 2005 he also said: :"Today, a particularly insidious obstacle to the task of education is the massive presence in our society and culture of that [[relativism]] which, recognizing nothing as definitive, leaves as the ultimate criterion only the self with its desires. And under the semblance of freedom it becomes a prison for each one, for it separates people from one another, locking each person into his or her own ' He also traced the failed revolutions and ideologies of the 20th century to a conversion of partial points of view into absolute guides: "''Absolutizing what is not absolute but relative is called totalitarianism,''" he said during World Youth Day. In an address to a conference of the Diocese of Rome held at [[St. John Lateran]] basilica on [[June 6]], 2005, Benedict remarked on the issues of [[same-sex marriage]] and [[abortion]]: :''"The various forms of the dissolution of matrimony today, like free unions, trial marriages and going up to pseudo-matrimonies by people of the same sex, are rather expressions of an anarchic freedom that wrongly passes for true freedom of man...from here it becomes all the more clear how contrary it is to human love, to the profound vocation of man and woman, to systematically close their union to the gift of life, and even worse to suppress or tamper with the life that is born," he said.''{{ref|AP}} ===Curial appointments=== Upon becoming Pope, Benedict reappointed all former officers of the [[Roman Curia]] under John Paul II to new terms, their terms having ended with the papacy. This assured an easy transition into new government. The highest of those appointments are those considered to be Benedict XVI's [[prime minister]]s: [[Angelo Cardinal Sodano]] of [[Italy]] who serves as [[Cardinal Secretary of State]] and [[Edmund Cardinal Szoka]] of the [[United States]] who serves as [[Governor of Vatican City]]. Benedict XVI's only major new appointment was that of his successor as Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. Early speculation included the names of [[Christoph Cardinal Schönborn]], [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vienna|Archbishop of Vienna]] in [[Austria]] and [[Francis Cardinal George]], [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago|Archbishop of Chicago]] in the United States. Both were renowned for their knowledge of Church doctrine and were considered among the more conservative members of the College of Cardinals. On [[May 13]], [[2005]], Benedict XVI appointed a non-Cardinal, [[William Joseph Levada]], [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Francisco|Archbishop of San Francisco]] in the United States. Renowned for his knowledge of Church doctrine due to his office as principal editor of the current [[Catechism of the Catholic Church]], Levada is considered by some to be even more staunchly conservative than all the Pope's choices within the College of Cardinals. Levada relinquishes his [[episcopal see|see]] in San Francisco on [[August 17]], [[2005]] and is expected to be raised in consistory to the title of Cardinal. Due to the immense influence wielded by the office of Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith&mdash;arguably more immense than that of the Pope's own prime ministers&mdash;Benedict XVI's appointment of an American in effect raises the United States into greater prominence in the universal Church. That fact sparked many fears that the United States was being given too much power in the Church; people worldwide generally express uneasiness that the United States already dominates global politics. It is for that reason that Americans are never considered [[papabile]]. === Beatifications === [[Image:Popebenedictxvi lei.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Benedict XVI oversaw his first beatification on May 14, 2005, honoring Mother Marianne Cope of Hawaii with the title ''Blessed''. He wore a traditional Hawaiian maile lei as a [[stole]] for the occasion.]] On [[May 13]], [[2005]], Benedict XVI made his first promulgation of the [[beatification]] process. The honoree of the process was his predecessor, John Paul II. Normally five years pass before the beatification process begins for a person after his or her death but due to the popularity of John Paul II &mdash; devotees chanted "Santo subito!" meaning "Saint now!" during the late pontiff's funeral &mdash; Benedict XVI waived the custom and officially styled the late pope with the title given to all those being scrutinized in the beatification process, ''[[Servant of God]]''. Upon the confirmation after scrutiny that the late pontiff's life is found morally clean and manifests heroic virtues, a decree of heroicity will be proclaimed and John Paul II will be declared ''[[Venerable]]'' on the road to beatification. Before changes in [[canon law]] in [[1917]], the title ''Venerable'' was given at the same time a person was declared ''Servant of God''. Upon the confirmation of [[miracle]]s attributed to the honoree, John Paul II would then be declared ''[[Blessed]]''. A person is strictly prohibited from being officially celebrated in [[mass (liturgy)|Mass]] until he or she achieves the title of ''Blessed''. The next day, on [[May 14]], Benedict XVI made his first official beatification, raising [[Mother Marianne Cope]] &mdash; who served with [[Blessed Damien of Molokai]] helping those suffering from [[leprosy]] in what is now the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu|Diocese of Honolulu]] in [[Hawaii]] &mdash; to the title of "Blessed Marianne of Molokai." She was the first addition to the [[calendar of saints]] by Benedict XVI announcing an optional feast to be celebrated in her honor annually on [[January 23]]. Blessed Damien and Blessed Marianne are the [[patron saint|patrons]] of [[HIV]]/[[AIDS]] and [[outcast]]s. Both are expected to become the first saints of the [[Hawaiian Islands]]. [[Mother Ascensión Nicol Goñi]] was also beatified on the same day. Unlike his predecessor, Benedict XVI delegated the beatification liturgical service to a principal aide, [[José Cardinal Saraiva Martins]], Prefect of the [[Congregation for the Causes of Saints]]. It was noted by Vatican watchers that the practice of delegating prominent functions enjoyed by the late John Paul II would become the norm for Benedict XVI, who seems to prefer the duties of Church manager as opposed to having more of a public face. This may also reflect the need for Benedict to maintain a more restricted public appearance schedule, due to his recent health history, which may be described as resulting from age related illnesses. [[Image:Pope16mass.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Pope Benedict XVI participated in a Mass attended by 800,000 people in Cologne, Germany, during the World Youth Day. This marked the pontiff's first apostolic journey.]] On [[June 16]], [[2005]], it was learned that the planned beatification of a French priest, Fr. [[Leon Dehon]], had been suspended by the Vatican after complaints about anti-Semitism in his writings. The Vatican decided to further study the life and writings of the Fr. Dehon, who died in 1925 and who had founded the priests of the Sacred Heart of Jesus religious order. The beatification was postponed originally due to the death of [[Pope John Paul II]] on [[April 2]], [[2005]]. The move came after a French Catholic newspaper, ''La Croix'', reported that some of his writings contained anti-Semitic passages. ''La Croix'' quoted his writings as saying Jews were "united in their hatred of Jesus" and were enemies of Christians, and that anti-Semitism was a "sign of hope." The possibility of declaring Fr. Dehon a saint has been under consideration by the church for decades. The process began formally in 1939. The church declared his virtues in 1983, and John Paul gave him the title "venerable" in 1997 after the church ruled that an electrician in Brazil had been miraculously cured of an illness in 1954 after prayers were directed to him. However, France's government had put the Vatican on notice that it would not send a representative to the beatification, and the French bishops' conference urged the Vatican to act with caution, according to French newspaper reports. {{ref|Washington_postJune16}}. For many in the Catholic community who had been concerned about the rapidity of the beatification process during the reign of [[Pope John Paul II]], this incident seemed to indicate that the management of the practice of making saints will be more measured and, possibly, less inclined to speed up the process. On [[June 19]], [[2005]], Benedict XVI beatified Father [[Władysław Findysz]], a martyr of the [[Communist]] regime, Father [[Bronisław Markiewicz]], the founder of the [[Congregation of St. Michael]], and Father [[Ignacy Kłopotowski]], the founder of the [[Congregation of the Sisters of Loreto]]. Benedict XVI had delegated [[Józef Cardinal Glemp]] of [[Warsaw]] to preside over the beatification liturgy, which took place at [[Piłsudski Square]] in Warsaw. The beatifications were originally scheduled for [[April 24]] [[2005]], however they were delayed due to the death of [[Pope John Paul II]]. Pope John Paul II also started the process of the beatifications of the above Poles, but Benedict XVI had to complete the process. === Canonisations === The first Mass of Canonisation for Benedict XVI is scheduled for [[October 23]], [[2005]] in [[St. Peter's Square]]. Benedict XVI will bestow the honour of Sainthood to: [[Józef Bilczewski]] of [[Poland]] and [[Ukraine]], Archbishop of Lviv ([[Lwów]]); [[Gaetano Catanoso]] of Italy, priest and founder of the [[Congregation of the Daughters of St. Veronica]] (also known as the Missionaries of the Holy Face); [[Zygmunt Gorazdowski]] of Poland and Ukraine, priest and founder of the [[Congregation of Sisters of St. Joseph]]; [[Alberto Hurtado Cruchaga]] of [[Chile]], priest of the [[Society of Jesus]], and [[Felice Da Nicosia]] of [[Italy]], lay member of the [[Capuchins]]. === Apostolic journeys === # '''Italy''' ([[May 29]], [[2005]]): Pope Benedict visited the Italian port of [[Bari]] and pledged to make the reconciliation with the [[Eastern Orthodoxy|Eastern Orthodox Church]] a "fundamental" commitment of his papacy. Benedict made the pledge in a city closely tied to the Orthodox Church. Bari, on Italy’s Adriatic coast, is considered a “bridge” between East and West and is home to the relics of [[Saint Nicholas|St. Nicholas of Myra]], a 4th-century saint who is one of the most popular in both the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches. The Pope referred to Bari as a "land of meeting and dialogue" with the Orthodox Church in his homily at a Mass that closed a national religious conference. It was his first pilgrimage outside Rome since being elected the 265th leader of the Roman Catholic Church on [[April 19]]. # '''Germany''' ([[August 18]] to [[August 21]], [[2005]]): The Pope arrived in Germany on [[August 18]] in order to participate in the [[World Youth Day 2005|20th World Youth Day]] in [[Cologne]]. There he met with President [[Horst Köhler]], Chancellor [[Gerhard Schröder]], leader of the Opposition [[Angela Merkel]] and others, and visited the famous [[Cologne Cathedral]]. The Pope visited the [[synagogue]] of the Jewish community in Cologne, which is the oldest Jewish community in the world north of the Alps. After [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]], he thus is only the third Pontiff, including [[St. Peter]], (the second in modern times) known to officially visit a synagogue. He also spoke with representatives of the Muslim and Protestant communities of Cologne. On [[August 21]] he led a mass at Marienfeld with about 800,000 youths present. ==See also== {{wikiquote}} {{wikisource author}} {{commons|Benedictus XVI}} {{wikinews|German Cardinal Ratzinger elected Pope Benedict XVI}} *[[Georg Gänswein]] - private secretary *''[[Dominus Iesus]]'' - document written by Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith * [[Three Secrets of Fatima|The Message of Fatima]] - document on the purported release of the Third Secret of Fatima *[[Pope Benedict]] - list of other popes and antipopes using the name *[[Prophecy of the Popes]] - document by Saint Malachy *[[Theology of Pope Benedict XVI]] - philosophical and theological beliefs of Pope Benedict XVI *[[Works of Pope Benedict XVI]] - literature written by Pope Benedict XVI ==Notes== <!-- Instructions for adding a footnote. NOTE: Footnotes in this article use names, not numbers, see [[Wikipedia:Footnote3]] for details. 1) Assign your footnote a unique name, for example TheSun_Dec9. 2) Add the macro {{ref|TheSun_Dec9}} to the body of the article, where you want the new footnote. 3) Put footnotes in the order they appear in the body. Avoid duplicates. --> <!-- # {{note|YahooCats}} Matthew Schofield, "[http://www.realcities.com/mld/krwashington/11455054.htm In German town, Benedict XVI known for love of cats, conversation]," ''Knight Ridder'', April 21, 2005. --> # {{note|timesonline_a}} Justin Sparks, John Follain, and Christopher Morgan, "[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2089-1572667,00.html Papal hopeful is a former Hitler Youth]," ''The Sunday Times'', April 17, 2005. # {{note|iht_demotions}} Richard Bernstein, and Mark Landler, "[http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/04/21/news/portrait.html A cardinal's visit put boy on path to the Vatican]," ''New York Times'', April 22, 2005. # {{note|nytimes_faith}} Richard Bernstein, and Mark Landler, "[http://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/22/international/worldspecial2/22germany.html?pagewanted=1&adxnnl=1&adxnnlx=1114340564-13zVUfWUfsfMLXhqWFxrDA A future pope is recalled: A lover of cats and Mozart, dazzled by church as a boy]," ''New York Times'', April 22, 2005. # {{note|HistoryPlace}} "[http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/hitleryouth/hj-prelude.htm Hitler Youth: Prelude to War (1933&ndash;1938)]," The History Place. # {{note|nytimes_campus}} Daniel J Wakin, "[http://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/24/international/worldspecial2/24ratzinger.html?position=&incamp=article_popular_5&pagewanted=print&position= Turbulence on Campus in 60's Hardened Views of Future Pope]," ''New York Times'', April 24, 2005 (accessed June 8, 2005) # {{note|SundayTimes}} [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2089-1592856,00.html "Pope has had second stroke"], ''The Sunday Times'', (London) May 1, 2005. # {{note|Observer-240505b_a}} Jamie Doward, "[http://observer.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,6903,1469005,00.html The Pope, the letter and the child sex claim]," ''The Guardian'', April 24, 2005. # {{note|vatican_motu}} ''[http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/motu_proprio/documents/hf_jp-ii_motu-proprio_20020110_sacramentorum-sanctitatis-tutela_lt.html Sacramentorum sanctitatis tutela]'', The Vatican, April 30, 2001. # {{note|vatican_2001letter}} ''[http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_20010518_epistula_graviora%20delicta_lt.html Epistula ad totius Catholicae Ecclesiae Episcopos aliosque Ordinarios et Hierarchas interesse habentes de delictis gravioribus eidem Congregationi pro Doctrina Fidei reservatis]'', The Vatican, May 18, 2001. # {{note|vatican_norms}} [http://www.bishop-accountability.org/resources/resource-files/churchdocs/SacramentorumAndNormaeEnglish.htm www.bishop-accountability.org] Unofficial translation of ''Sacramentorum sanctitatis tutela'' by the USCCB and a translation of the Norms by Gregory Ingels, both revised by Joseph R. Punderson and Charles J. Scicluna. The new norms (like the American norms) consider a minor to be anyone under the age of 18&mdash;a wider definition than in the Code of Canon Law, where minors are below the age of 16. # {{note|Observer-240505a}} Jamie Doward, "[http://observer.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,6903,1469055,00.html Pope 'obstructed' sex abuse inquiry]," ''The Guardian'', April 24, 2005. # {{note|CNSb}} "[http://www.americamagazine.org/catholicnews.cfm?articleTypeID=29&textID=1352&issueID=355 Signs of the Times: Doctrinal Congregation Takes Over Priestly Pedophilia Cases]", ''Catholic News Service'', December 17, 2001. # {{note|AAS}} ''[[Acta Apostolicae Sedis]]'' 93 (2001): 737&ndash;39, 785&ndash;88. # {{note|CIC}} [http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/__P3.HTM Code of Canon Law: Canon 8, §1], The Vatican. # {{note|CLI}} [http://mywebpages.comcast.net/enpeters/blog.htm CanonLaw.info], April 29, 2005 update to ''Much Ado About Nothing'' by Dr Edward Peters, JCD, JD # {{note|ZE02120324}} "[http://www.zenit.org/english/visualizza.phtml?sid=28487 Cardinal Ratzinger ... Sees Agenda Behind the Reporting in U.S.]," ''Zenit News Agency'', December 3, 2002. # {{note|vatican_transcript}} [http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/2005/via_crucis/en/station_09.html Vatican Transcript of Meditation on the Ninth Station of the Cross], The Vatican. # {{note|Observer-240505b_c}} See note 8 above. # {{note|Observer-240505b_d}} See note 8 above. # {{note|theaustralian}} Justin Sparks, and John Follain, "[http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5744,15003155%255E39835,00.html Nazi link may dog favourite]," ''The Australian'', April 18, 2005. # {{note|www.vatican.va.640}} {{Web reference_simple | title= the official Latin text | URL=http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_20000806_dominus-iesus_lt.html | date= July 7 | year= 2005 }} # {{note|scoba}} "[http://www.scoba.us/resources/filioque-p02.asp The Filioque: A Church-dividing Issue? An agreed statement of the North American Orthodox-Catholic Theological Consultation]", ''[[North American Orthodox-Catholic Theological Consultation]]'', October 25, 2003. # {{note|worldjewishcongress}} "[http://www.worldjewishcongress.org/nfo/article.cfm?id=3908 Election of Cardinal Ratzinger as new Pope welcomed]," ''World Jewish Congress'', April 19, 2005. # {{note|phayul}} "[http://www.phayul.com/news/article.aspx?id=9643&article=His+Holiness+the+Dalai+Lama+Greets+New+Pope His Holiness the Dalai Lama Greets New Pope]," Phayul.com, April 20, 2005; [http://english.chosun.com/w21data/html/news/200504/200504200016.html Korean Catholics Welcome New Pontiff]," english.chosun.com, April 20, 2005. # {{note|csmonitor}} Jim Bencivenga, "[http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/0422/dailyUpdate.html Navigating a clash of civilizations: Examining the new pope's old comments on Turkey's entry into the European Union]," ''Christian Science Monitor'', April 22, 2005. # {{note|CNNquote}} [http://www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/europe/04/25/pope.monday/ http://www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/europe/04/25/pope.monday/] Quote from a CNN Interview, April 25, 2005. # {{note|vatican_FirstGenAud}} [http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/audiences/2005/documents/hf_ben-xvi_aud_20050427_en.html Pope Benedict XVI's General Audience Speech], The Vatican, April 27, 2005. # {{note|coatofarms}} [http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/elezione/stemma-benedict-xvi_en.html Coat of Arms of His Holiness Benedict XVI], The Vatican. # {{note|AP}} Nicole Winfield, "[http://www.guardian.co.uk/worldlatest/story/0,1280,-5056168,00.html Pope Benedict XVI condemns same-sex unions]," ''The Guardian'', June 6, 2005. # {{note|Washington_postJune16}} Alan Cooperman, "[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/06/15/AR2005061502305.html Pope Halts Beatification of French Priest]", ''Washington Post'', June 16, 2005. <!--READ ME!! PLEASE DO NOT JUST ADD NEW NOTES AT THE BOTTOM. See the instructions above on ordering. --> == Books and theological writings == :''Main article (with original titles and English translations): [[Works of Pope Benedict XVI]]'' *''Called to Communion: Understanding the Church Today.'' 1996. *''Eschatology: Death and Eternal Life.'' Dogmatic Theology series. Michael Waldstein, Trans. 1988. *''God and the World: A Conversation with Peter Seewald.'' 2002. *''God Is Near Us: The Eucharist, the Heart of Life.'' 2003. *''In the Beginning….: A Catholic Understanding of the Story of Creation and the Fall.'' 1995. *''Introduction to Christianity.'' 1968, new edition 2000. *''Journey to Easter.'' (Forthcoming) *''Many Religions, One Covenant: Israel, The Church, and the World.'' 1999. *''Milestones: Memoirs 1927-1977.'' 1998. *''Ratzinger Report: An Exclusive Interview on the State of the Church.'' 1985. *''Salt of the Earth: The Church at the End of the Millennium, An Interview With Peter Seewald.'' 1997. *''Spirit of the Liturgy.'' 2000. *''Truth and Tolerance: Christian Belief and World Religions.'' 2004. *''Values in a Time of Upheaval.'' (Forthcoming) ==Literature== * Allen, John L.: ''Cardinal Ratzinger: the Vatican's enforcer of the faith''. &ndash; New York: Continuum, 2000 * Nichols OP, Aidan: ''Theology of Joseph Ratzinger''. &ndash; Edinburgh; T&T Clark, 1988 * Wagner, Karl: ''Kardinal Ratzinger: der Erzbischof in München und Freising in Wort und Bild''. &ndash; München : Pfeiffer, 1977 * Pater Prior Maximilian Heim: ''Joseph Ratzinger - Kirchliche Existenz und existenzielle Theologie unter dem Anspruch von Lumen gentium'' (diss.). * Herrmann, Horst: ''Benedikt XVI. Der neue Papst aus Deutschland''. &ndash; Berlin 2005 ==Biographies== * Allen, John L. (2005) ''Pope Benedict XVI: A Biography of Joseph Ratzinger'' New York: Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 0826417868 * Bardazzi, Marco (2005) ''In the Vineyard of the Lord : The Life, Faith, and Teachings of Joseph Ratzinger, Pope Benedict XV'' New York: Rizzoli International. ISBN 0847828018 * Bunson, Matthew. (2005) ''We Have a Pope! Benedict XVI'' Huntington IN: Our Sunday Visitor. ISBN 1592761801 * Tobin, Greg. (2005) ''Holy Father : Pope Benedict XVI: Pontiff for a New Era'' Sterling. ISBN 1402731728 ==External links and references== ===Official=== *[http://www.vatican.va Vatican: the Holy See] &ndash; Vatican web site *[http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/index.htm The Holy See - The Holy Father - Benedict XVI] &ndash; Vatican web site about the Holy Father Benedict XVI *[http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/elezione/index_en.htm Vatican: Election] Vatican web page about election * ''[http://www.communio-icr.com/ Communio]'' magazine, founded by Ratzinger and others. Contains recent articles by him. *Official email address: [mailto:benedictxvi@vatican.va] (see [http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/elezione/index_en.htm link 'Greetings to the Holy Father']) ===Biographical=== *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4445279.stm Pope Benedict XVI: BBC Profile] *[http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,1558777,00.html Deutsche Welle Dossier on Benedict XVI] *[http://washingtontimes.com/upi-breaking/20050401-033437-4653r.htm Washington Times Analysis: Ratzinger in the ascendance] *[http://www.wsws.org/articles/2005/apr2005/pope-a22.shtml WSWS.org - Pope Benedict XVI’s political resume: theocracy and social reaction] *[http://www.natcath.com/NCR_Online/archives/041699/041699a.htm The Vatican’s Enforcer] &ndash; The National Catholic Reporter's 1999 Cover Story on the history of then Cardinal Ratzinger *[http://www.catholicculture.org/docs/doc_view.cfm?recnum=663 World War II years] ===The first days of his papacy=== *[http://www.punditguy.com/2005/04/german_pope.html Pope News Roundup] *[http://www.americancatholic.org/news/BenedictXVI American Catholic - Pope Benedict XVI Starts His Papacy] *[http://www.angelfire.com/tv2/benedictxvi/ Cardinal Jorge Arturo Medina Estevez announcing Habemus Papam (We have a Pope!)] ([[Windows Media Player]] Video). *[http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/programmes/misc/papal_inauguration.shtml BBC audio of ''The Inauguration Mass of Pope Benedict XVI''] from Sunday 24th April ===General=== *[http://www.popebenedictxvifanclub.com/index.html The Pope Benedict XVI Fan Club] (see also [http://www.ratzingerfanclub.com/ The Cardinal Ratzinger Fan Club]) *[http://thepopeblog.blogspot.com The Pope Blog: Pope Benedict XVI] *[http://catholicapologeticsofamerica.blogspot.com/ Catholic Apologetics of America] *[http://www.ratzinger.it Amici di Joseph Ratzinger] (in Italian) *[http://www.vatikan-news.org Portal Papst Benedikt XVI.] (in German) *[http://www.papst-benedikt.be Papst News: Papst Benedikt XVI] (in German) *[http://www.cardinalrating.com/cardinal_84.htm Ratzinger page at www.cardinalrating.com] *[http://www.repubblica.it/2005/g/sezioni/spettacoli_e_cultura/harrypotter/harrypotter/harrypotter.html About his hostility toward Harry Potter books] (in Italian) {{Episcopal_Succession | | date of consecration=[[May 28]], [[1977]] | consecrated by=[[Josef Stangl]] | bishopconsecrated1 = bishopconsecrated1 | bishop 1=[[Alberto Cardinal Bovone]] | consecration date 1=[[May 12]].[[1984]] | bishopconsecrated2 = bishopconsecrated2 | bishop 2=[[Zygmunt Zimowski]] | consecration date 2=[[May 25]]. [[2002]] | bishopconsecrated3 = bishopconsecrated3 | bishop 3=[[Josef Clemens]] | consecration date 3=[[January 6]], [[2004]] | bishopconsecrated4 = bishopconsecrated4 | bishop 4=[[Bruno Forte]] | consecration date 4=[[September 8]], [[2004]] | bishopconsecrated5 = null | bishop 5= | consecration date 5= | bishopconsecrated6 = null | bishop 6= | consecration date 6= | bishopconsecrated7 = null | bishop 7= | consecration date 7= | bishopconsecrated8 = null | bishop 8= | consecration date 8= | bishopconsecrated9 = null | bishop 9= | consecration date 9= | bishopconsecrated10 = null | bishop 10= | consecration date 10= | bishopconsecrated11 = null | bishop 11= | consecration date 11= | bishopconsecrated12 = null | bishop 12= | consecration date 12= | bishopconsecrated13 = null | bishop 13= | consecration date 13= | bishopconsecrated14 = null | bishop 14= | consecration date 14= | bishopconsecrated15 = null | bishop 15= | consecration date 15= | bishopconsecrated16 = null | bishop 16= | consecration date 16= | bishopconsecrated17 = null | bishop 17= | consecration date 17= | bishopconsecrated18 = null | bishop 18= | consecration date 18= | bishopconsecrated19 = null | bishop 19= | consecration date 19= | bishopconsecrated20 = null | bishop 20= | consecration date 20= }} <center> {{start box}} {{succession box | before=[[Julius Cardinal Döpfner]] | title=[[Archdiocese of Munich and Freising|Archbishop of Munich and Freising]] | years=[[1977]]&ndash;[[1982]] | after=[[Friedrich Cardinal Wetter]] }} {{succession box | before=[[Franjo Šeper|Franjo Cardinal Šeper]] | title=[[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith|Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]] | years=[[1981]]&ndash;[[2005]] | after=[[William Joseph Levada]] }} {{succession box | before=[[Bernardin Cardinal Gantin]] | title=[[Dean of the College of Cardinals]] | years=[[2002]]&ndash;[[2005]] | after=[[Angelo Cardinal Sodano]] }} {{succession box | before=[[Pope John Paul II|<!-- please do not insert "the Servant of God"; this has been discussed on the Talk Page -->John Paul II]] | title=[[List of Popes|Pope]] | years=[[2005]]&ndash;''present'' | after=''incumbent''}} {{end box}} </center> <!--Categories--> [[Category:Bapapu|Benwa 16]] [[Category:Bapapu ya Alemania|Benwa 16]] [[Category:Bakonzi bikolo ya lelo|Benwa 16]] [[Category:Bantomá ya lelo|Benwa 16]] [[Category:Papu Benwa XVI| ]] [[Category:Mabotami ya 1927|Benwa 16]] [[Category:Basali teologi ya Alemania|Benwa 16]] <!--Interlanguage links--> {{Link FA|no}} {{Link FA|no}} [[ar:بينيدكت السادس عشر]] [[ast:Benedictu XVI]] [[bg:Бенедикт XVI]] [[zh-min-nan:Benedictus 16-sè]] [[ca:Benet XVI]] [[cs:Benedikt XVI.]] [[cy:Pab Benedict XVI]] [[da:Pave Benedikt 16.]] [[de:Benedikt XVI.]] [[et:Benedictus XVI]] [[el:Πάπας Βενέδικτος ΙΣΤ']] [[es:Benedicto XVI]] [[eo:Benedikto la 16-a]] [[fo:Benadikt XVI]] [[fr:Benoît XVI]] [[fur:Pape Benedet XVI]] [[ga:Pápa Beinidict XVI]] [[gl:Benedito XVI]] [[ko:교황 베네딕토 16세]] [[hi:जोज़फ़ रैत्सिंगर]] [[hr:Benedikt XVI.]] [[io:Benedictus 16ma]] [[id:Paus Benediktus XVI]] [[is:Benedikt XVI]] [[it:Papa Benedetto XVI]] [[he:בנדיקטוס השישה עשר]] [[la:Benedictus XVI]] [[lt:Benediktas XVI]] [[lb:Benoît XVI. (Poopst)]] [[li:Benedictus XVI]] [[hu:XVI. Benedek]] [[ms:Paus Benedict XVI]] [[mo:Папа Бенедикт ал ⅩⅥ-ля]] [[nl:Paus Benedictus XVI]] [[ja:ベネディクト16世 (ローマ教皇)]] [[no:Benedikt XVI]] [[nn:Pave Benedikt XVI]] [[pl:Papież Benedykt XVI]] [[pt:Papa Bento XVI]] [[ro:Papa Benedict al XVI-lea]] [[ru:Бенедикт XVI (Папа Римский)]] [[sco:Pape Benedict XVI]] [[sh:Benedikt XVI]] [[scn:Binidittu XVI]] [[simple:Pope Benedict XVI]] [[sk:Benedikt XVI.]] [[sl:Papež Benedikt XVI.]] [[sr:Папа Бенедикт XVI]] [[fi:Benedictus XVI]] [[sv:Benedictus XVI]] [[tl:Papa Benito XVI]] [[ta:போப் பெனடிக்ட் XVI]] [[th:สมเด็จพระสันตะปาปาเบเนดิกต์ที่ 16]] [[tpi:Benedict XVI]] [[uk:Бенедикт XVI]] [[zh:本篤十六世]] 6359 2005-09-28T00:22:04Z Moyogo 11 Papa Benwa XVI moved to Pápa Benwa XVI {{Infobox Pope | English name = Benedict XVI| image = [[Image:Popebenedictxvi firsttimeonthrone.jpg|200px|]]| birth_name = Joseph Alois Ratzinger| term_start = [[April 19]], [[2005]]| term_end = ''[[Incumbent]]''| predecessor = [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]]| successor = ''[[Incumbent]]''| birth_date = [[April 16]], [[1927]]| birthplace = [[Marktl am Inn]], [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]| dead = alive| death_date = | deathplace = | }} {{infobox popestyles| papal name=Pope Benedict XVI| dipstyle=[[His Holiness]]| offstyle=Your Holiness| relstyle=Holy Father| deathstyle=not applicable|}} '''Pope Benedict XVI''' ([[Ecclesiastical Latin|Latin]]: ''Benedictus PP. XVI''; born [[April 16]], [[1927]] as '''Joseph Alois Ratzinger''' in [[Marktl am Inn]], [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]) is the 265th <!-- John A. Hardon's "Modern Catholic Dictionary (1980) lists Pope John Paul II as 264th pope. If you think this is inaccurate, please discuss it on the talk page before changing it here. Thanks. -->reigning [[pope]], the head of the [[Roman Catholic Church]] and [[monarch|sovereign]] of [[Vatican City]]. He was elected on [[April 19]], [[2005]], in a [[Papal conclave, 2005|papal conclave]] over which he presided in his capacity as [[Dean of the College of Cardinals|dean]] of the [[College of Cardinals]]. He celebrated his [[Papal Inauguration|Papal Inauguration Mass]] on [[April 24]], [[2005]] and was enthroned in the Basilica of St. John Lateran ([[Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano]]) on [[May 7]], [[2005]]. One of the most influential academic theologians since the 1960s and author of many books, he is viewed as conservative and a close ally of his predecessor, [[Pope John Paul II]]. He served as professor at various German universities, [[Archbishop]] of [[Munich]], [[Prefect]] of the [[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]] and [[Dean of the College of Cardinals]] before becoming Pope. In response to an increasing de-christianisation in many developed countries, where [[secular humanism]], [[secularism]], and [[secularization]] are influential, the Pope particularly emphasizes what he sees as the need for Europe to turn back to its fundamental values. ==Overview== [[Image:Benedict-salute.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Pope Benedict XVI]] Pope Benedict XVI was [[Papal election|elected pope]] at the age of 78. He is the [[List of ages of popes|oldest person to have been elected pope]] since [[Pope Clement XII|Clement XII]] in [[1730]]. He served longer as a [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] before being elected pope than any pope since [[Pope Benedict XIII|Benedict XIII]] (elected [[1724]]). He is the ninth German pope, the last being the Dutch-German [[Pope Adrian VI|Adrian VI]] ([[1522]]&ndash;[[1523]]). The last pope named Benedict was [[Pope Benedict XV|Benedict XV]], an Italian who reigned from [[1914]] to [[1922]], during [[World War I]]. Ratzinger was born in [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]. He had a distinguished career as a university [[theology|theologian]] before being made the [[archbishop]] of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Munich|Munich]]; he was subsequently made a cardinal by [[Pope Paul VI]] in the [[consistory]] of [[June 27]], [[1977]]. He was appointed as the prefect of the [[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]] by [[Pope John Paul II]] in [[1981]] and was made the [[Cardinal Bishop|cardinal bishop]] of the [[suburbicarian diocese]] of [[Velletri]]-[[Segni]] on [[April 5]], [[1993]]. In [[1998]], he was made the sub-dean of the [[College of Cardinals]]; later, on [[November 30]], [[2002]], he became the dean and simultaneously the cardinal bishop of the suburbicarian diocese of [[Ostia]]. He was the first dean of the college elected pope since [[Pope Paul IV|Paul IV]] in [[1555]] and the first cardinal bishop elected pope since [[Pope Pius VIII|Pius VIII]] in [[1829]]. Before becoming pope, Cardinal Ratzinger was already one of the most influential men in the Vatican, and was a close associate of the late John Paul II. He presided over the [[funeral of John Paul II]] and also over the Mass immediately preceding the 2005 conclave in which he was elected, in which he called on the assembled cardinals to hold fast to the doctrine of the faith. He was the public face of the church in much of the ''[[sede vacante]]'' period, although he ranked below the ''[[camerlengo]]'' in administrative authority during that time. Benedict XVI's views appear to be similar to those of his predecessor in maintaining the traditional Catholic doctrines on artificial [[birth control]], [[abortion]], and [[homosexuality]] while promoting [[Catholic social teaching]]. Benedict speaks [[German language|German]], [[Italian language|Italian]] and [[French language|French]] fluently, and [[English language|English]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]] and [[Latin language|Latin]] slightly less fluently. He can read [[ancient Greek]] and classical [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]]. He is a member of a large number of academies, such as the French ''[[Académie des sciences morales et politiques]]''. He plays the [[piano]] and has a preference for [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]] and [[Ludwig van Beethoven|Beethoven]]. == Early life (1927&ndash;1951) == {{main|Early life of Pope Benedict XVI}} ===Background and childhood (1927&ndash;1943)=== <!-- Please consider developing the separate article instead! This section is to be reduced in size. --> [[Image:PopeBenedicts1stHome.jpg|thumb|250px|Ratzinger was born at a house in Marktl am Inn which survives today.]] [[Image:Benedict boy.jpg|thumb|250px|Ratzinger as a boy]] [[Image:Stmichaelseminarytraunstein KerstinJoensson.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ratzinger studied at Saint Michael Seminary in Traunstein, Germany.]] Joseph Alois Ratzinger was born on [[Holy Saturday]], at Schulstrasse 11, his parents' home in [[Marktl am Inn]], [[Bavaria]]. He was the third and youngest child of [[Joseph Ratzinger, Sr.]], a police officer, and his wife, Maria Ratzinger (nee Peintner), who worked as a barmaid, and whose family were from [[South Tyrol]] (today part of [[Italy]]). His father served in both the Bavarian State Police (''[[Landespolizei]]'') and the German national Regular Police ([[Ordnungspolizei]]) before retiring in [[1937]] to the town of [[Traunstein]]. The ''[[Sunday Times]]'' of [[London]] described the elder Ratzinger as "an anti-Nazi whose attempts to rein in Hitler's [[Brown shirts|Sturmabteilung]] forced the family to move several times." {{ref|timesonline_a}}. According to the ''[[International Herald Tribune]]'', these relocations were directly related to Joseph Ratzinger, Sr.'s continued resistance to [[Nazism]], which resulted in demotions and transfers. {{ref|iht_demotions}} The pope's brother [[Georg Ratzinger|Georg]] said: "Our father was a bitter enemy of Nazism because he believed it was in conflict with our faith." {{ref|nytimes_faith}}. Pope Benedict's brother, Georg, is still living. His sister, Maria Ratzinger, who never married, managed her brother Joseph's household until her death in [[1991]]. Their grand uncle [[Georg Ratzinger (politician)|Georg Ratzinger]] was a priest and member of the [[Reichstag (institution)|Reichstag]], as the German Parliament was called then. The pope's relatives agree that his ambitions to serve in the upper echelons of the Church were apparent since childhood. At age five, Ratzinger was in a group of children who presented the [[Archbishop]] of [[Munich]] with flowers; later that day he announced he wanted to be a cardinal. (See also [[Early life of Pope Benedict XVI]].) According to his cousin Erika Kopp, Ratzinger had no desire from childhood to be anything other than a priest. When he was 15, she says, he announced that he was going to be a bishop, whereupon she playfully remarked, 'And why not Pope?'. When Ratzinger turned 14 he was forced by law to join the [[Hitler Youth]] (membership was legally required from December [[1936]]{{ref|HistoryPlace}}.) According to the ''[[National Catholic Reporter]]'' correspondent and biographer John Allen, Ratzinger was an unenthusiastic member who refused to attend meetings. Ratzinger has mentioned that a Nazi mathematics professor arranged reduced tuition payments for him at [[seminary]]. This normally required documentation of attendance at Hitler Youth activities; however, according to Ratzinger, his sympathetic professor arranged things so that he did not have to attend to receive a scholarship. ===Military service (1943&ndash;1945)=== In [[1943]], when he was 16, Ratzinger was drafted with many of his classmates into the [[FlaK]] ([[anti-aircraft]] [[artillery]] corps). They guarded various facilities including a [[BMW]] aircraft engine plant north of Munich and, later, the jet fighter base at [[Gilching]], where Ratzinger served in telephone communications. After his class was released from the Corps in September [[1944]], Ratzinger was put to work setting up anti-tank defences in the [[Hungary|Hungarian]] border area of [[Austria]] in preparation for the expected [[Red Army]] offensive. When his unit was released from service in November [[1944]], he went home for three weeks, and then was drafted into the German army at Munich to receive basic [[infantry]] training in the nearby town of Traunstein. His unit served at various posts around the city and was never sent to the front. In late April or early May, 1945 days or weeks before the [[End of World War II in Europe|German surrender]], Ratzinger deserted. [[Desertion]] was widespread during the last weeks of the war, even though punishable by death (executions, frequently extrajudicial, continued to the end); diminished morale and the greatly diminished risk of prosecution from a preoccupied and disorganized German military contributed to the growing wave of soldiers looking toward self-preservation. On his way home he ran into soldiers on guard, but they let him go. When the Americans arrived in the village, all soldiers were taken [[prisoner of war|prisoners of war]]. Ratzinger was briefly interned in a [[prisoner-of-war camp]] near [[Ulm]] and was repatriated on [[June 19]], [[1945]]. The family was reunited when his brother, Georg, returned after being repatriated from a prisoner-of-war camp in Italy. ===Education (1946&ndash;1951)=== <!-- Please consider developing the separate article instead! This section is to be reduced in size. --> After he was repatriated in 1945, he and his brother entered Saint Michael Seminary in Traunstein, and then studied at the Ducal Georgianum (''Herzogliches Georgianum'') of the [[Ludwig-Maximilian University]] in Munich. According to an interview with Peter Seewald, he and his fellow students were particularly influenced by the works of [[Gertrud von le Fort]], [[Ernst Wiechert]], [[Fyodor Dostoyevsky]], [[Elisabeth Langgässer]], [[Theodor Steinbüchel]], [[Martin Heidegger]] and [[Karl Jaspers]]. The young Ratzinger saw the last three in particular as a break with the dominance of [[Neo-Kantianism]], with the key work being Steinbüchel's ''Die Wende des Denkens'' ("The Change in Thinking"). By the end of his studies he was drawn more to the active [[Augustine of Hippo|Saint Augustine]] than to [[Thomas Aquinas]], and among the [[scholastic]]s he was more interested in [[Saint Bonaventure]]. On [[June 29]], [[1951]], he and his brother were ordained by [[Michael Cardinal von Faulhaber]] of [[Munich]]. His dissertation ([[1953]]) was on Saint Augustine, entitled "The People and the House of God in Augustine's Doctrine of the Church," and his ''[[Habilitation]]sschrift'' (a dissertation which serves as qualification for a professorship) was on Saint Bonaventure. It was completed in [[1957]] and he became a professor of [[Freising]] College in [[1958]]. ==Early church career (1951&ndash;1981)== [[Image:Ratzingercelebratesmass.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Ratzinger as a young priest celebrates mass in Ruhpolding, Germany in 1952.]] [[Image:Jp1-foto035.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ratzinger offers an oath of submission at the September 1978 papal inauguration of John Paul I.]] [[Image:Leavingmunich1982feb28 DietherEndlicher.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ratzinger is given a formal farewell as he leaves the Archdiocese of Munich to become the new Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith on February 28, 1982.]] [[Image:Cardinal Ratzinger and Pope John Paul II.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ratzinger with John Paul II in 2003.]] [[Image:2004 katholische-akademie-habermas-ratzinger 1-799x533.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ratzinger debates with German philosopher [[Jürgen Habermas]] at the Catholic Academy of Bavaria, Germany in 2004.]] Ratzinger became a professor at the [[University of Bonn]] in [[1959]]; his inaugural lecture was on "The God of Faith and the God of Philosophy." In [[1963]] he moved to the [[University of Münster]], where his inaugural lecture was given in a packed lecture hall, as he was already well known as a theologian. At the [[Second Vatican Council]] ([[1962]]&ndash;[[1965]]), Ratzinger served as a ''peritus'' or theological consultant to [[Josef Cardinal Frings]] of [[Cologne]], Germany, and has continued to defend the council, including ''[[Nostra Aetate]],'' the document on respect of other religions and the declaration of the right to [[religious freedom]]. He was viewed during the time of the council as a reformer. (Later, as the [[Prefect for the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]], Ratzinger most clearly spelled out the Catholic Church's position on other religions in the document ''[[Dominus Iesus]]'' ([[2000]]) which also talks about the proper way to engage in ''[[ecumenical]] dialogue''.) In [[1966]], he took a chair in dogmatic theology at the [[University of Tübingen]], where he was a colleague of [[Hans Küng]]. In his [[1968]] book ''Introduction to Christianity'', he wrote that the pope has a duty to hear differing voices within the Church before making a decision, and downplayed the centrality of the papacy. He also wrote that the church of the time was too centralized, rule-bound and overly controlled from Rome. These sentences, however, did not appear in later editions of the book. During this time, he distanced himself from the atmosphere of Tübingen and the [[Marxism|Marxist]] leanings of the student movement of the [[1960s]], that in Germany quickly radicalised in the years [[1967]] and [[1968]], culminating in a series of disturbances and riots in April and May 1968. Ratzinger came increasingly to see these and associated developments (decreasing respect for authority among his students, the rise of the German [[gay rights]] movement) as related to a departure from traditional Catholic teachings. Increasingly, his views, despite his reformist bent, contrasted with those liberal ideas gaining currency in the theological academy.{{ref|nytimes_campus}} In [[1969]] he returned to Bavaria, to the University of [[Regensburg]]. In [[1972]], he founded the theological journal ''[[Communio]]'' with [[Hans Urs von Balthasar]], [[Henri de Lubac]], [[Walter Cardinal Kasper|Walter Kasper]] and others. ''Communio,'' now published in seventeen editions ([[German language|German]], [[English language|English]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]] and many others), has become one of the most important [[journal]]s of Catholic thought. He remains one of the journal's most prolific contributors. In March [[1977]] Ratzinger was named [[archbishop]] of [[Munich]] and [[Freising]]. According to his autobiography, ''Milestones'', he took as his episcopal motto ''Cooperatores Veritatis'', co-workers of the Truth, from [[Third Epistle of John|3 John]]: 8. In the [[consistory]] of June 1977 he was named a [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] by [[Pope Paul VI]]. By the time of the 2005 Conclave, he was one of only 14 remaining cardinals appointed by Paul VI, and one of only three of those under the age of 80, and one of only two who participated in the conclave, the other being Cardinal Baum. == Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (1981&ndash;2005) == [[Image:Cardinalratzinger C0NGR.0f faith.jpg|thumb|left|'''Cardinal Ratzinger'''. Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]] On [[November 25]], [[1981]], Pope John Paul II named Ratzinger prefect of the [[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]], formerly known as the [[Holy Office of the Inquisition]]. He resigned the Munich [[archdiocese]] in early [[1982]]. Already a cardinal priest, he was raised to Cardinal Bishop of Velletri-Segni in [[1993]]. He became vice-dean of the [[College of Cardinals]] in [[1998]], and dean in [[2002]]. In office, Ratzinger usually took traditional views on topics such as [[birth control]], [[homosexuality]], and [[Ecumenism|inter-religious dialogue]]. Among other things, he played a key role in silencing outspoken [[Liberation theology|liberation theologians]] and clergy in [[Latin America]] in the 1980s. (See also [[Theology of Pope Benedict XVI]].) ===Health=== In the early [[1990s]] Ratzinger suffered a [[stroke]] which slightly impaired his eyesight temporarily. The existence of the stroke had been known during the conclave that elected him pope. In May 2005, the Vatican revealed that he had subsequently suffered another mild stroke - it did not reveal when, other than that it occurred between 2003 and 2005. [[France]]'s [[Philippe Cardinal Barbarin]] further revealed that since the first stroke, Ratzinger has suffered from a heart condition. Because of his health problems, Ratzinger had hoped to retire, but had continued in his position in obedience to the wishes of Pope John Paul II.{{ref|SundayTimes}} ===Response to sex abuse scandal=== As Cardinal Ratzinger was Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF), the sexual abuse of minors by priests was his responsibility to investigate from 2001, when that charge was given to the CDF by Pope John Paul. {{ref|Observer-240505b_a}} On [[May 18]], [[2001]], Ratzinger, as part of the implementation of the norms enacted and promulgated {{ref|vatican_motu}} on [[April 30]] [[2001]] by Pope John Paul II, sent a [[Latin|Latin language]] letter {{ref|vatican_2001letter}} to every bishop in the Catholic Church reminding them of the strict penalties facing those who revealed confidential details concerning enquiries into allegations against priests of certain grave ecclesiastical crimes, including [[sexual abuse]], reserved to the jurisdiction of the CDF. The letter extended the prescription ([[statute of limitations]]) for these crimes to ten years. However, when the crime is sexual abuse of a minor, the "prescription begins to run from the day on that which the minor completes the eighteenth year of age." {{ref|vatican_norms}} Lawyers acting for two alleged victims of abuse in Texas claim that by sending the letter the cardinal conspired to obstruct justice. {{ref|Observer-240505a}} However, the letter did not discourage victims from reporting the abuse itself to the police; the secrecy related to the internal investigation. "The letter said the new norms reflected the CDF's traditional “exclusive competence” regarding ''delicta graviora''&mdash;Latin for “graver offenses.” According to [[canon law]] experts in Rome, reserving cases of clerical sexual abuse of minors to the CDF is something new. In past eras, some serious crimes by priests against sexual morality, including [[pedophilia]], were handled by that congregation or its predecessor, the Holy Office, but this has not been true in recent years." {{ref|CNSb}} The promulgation of the norms by Pope John Paul II and the subsequent letter by the then Prefect of the CDF were published in 2001 in ''Acta Apostolicae Sedis'' {{ref|AAS}} which, in accordance with the [[Canon law|Code of Canon Law]] {{ref|CIC}}, is the [[Holy See]]'s official journal, disseminated monthly to thousands of libraries and offices around the world. {{ref|CLI}} In [[2002]], Ratzinger accurately told the Catholic News Service that "less than one percent of priests are guilty of acts of this type." {{ref|ZE02120324}} Opponents saw this as ignoring the crimes of those who committed the abuse; others saw it as merely pointing out that this should not taint other priests who live respectable lives. {{ref|vatican_transcript}} A report by the Catholic Church itself estimated that some 4,450 of the Roman Catholic clergy who served between [[1950]] and [[2002]] have faced credible accusations of abuse. {{ref|Observer-240505b_c}} His [[Good Friday]] reflections in [[2005]] were interpreted as strongly condemning and regretting the abuse scandals, which largely put to rest the speculation of indifference. Shortly after his election, he told [[Francis Cardinal George]], the [[Archbishop of Chicago]], that he would attend to the matter. {{ref|Observer-240505b_d}} ===Dialogue with other faiths=== In [[2000]], the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith published a document entitled ''[[Dominus Iesus]]'' which reaffirmed the historic doctrine and mission of the Church to proclaim the Gospel. This was misunderstood by some who mistakenly believed that the Church had previously repudiated its unique role in the world. {{ref|theaustralian}} This document pointed out the danger to the Church of ''relativistic theories which seek to justify religious pluralism'' by denying that God has revealed truth to humanity. (par. 4) Addressing the question that one religion is as a good as another ([[syncretism]] or indifferentism) it states: ''...followers of other religions can receive divine grace, it is also certain that'' objectively speaking ''they are in a gravely deficient situation in comparison with those who, in the Church, have the fullness of the means of salvation.'' (par.22) The deliberate omission of [[filioque clause|"filioque" clause]] ("and the Son") in the first paragraph {{ref|www.vatican.va.640}} is seen as an outreach to [[Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] Church which has been in conflict with the [[Roman Catholic]] Church over its addition to the [[Nicene Creed]] for about one thousand years.{{ref|scoba}} The [[World Jewish Congress]] "welcomed" his election to the pontificate, noted "his great sensitivity to the Jewish history and the Holocaust," and quoted the Pope in its press release: :Even if the most recent, loathsome experience of the Shoah (Holocaust) was perpetrated in the name of an anti-Christian ideology, which tried to strike the Christian faith at its Abrahamic roots in the people of Israel, it cannot be denied that a certain insufficient resistance to this atrocity on the part of Christians can be explained by an inherited anti-Judaism present in the hearts of not a few Christians. {{ref|worldjewishcongress}} His Holiness the [[Dalai Lama]] congratulated Pope Benedict XVI upon his election. {{ref|phayul}} In an interview in [[2004]] for ''[[Le Figaro]]'' magazine, Ratzinger said [[Turkey]], a country [[Muslim]] by heritage and staunchly [[Secularism|secularist]] by its state constitution, should seek its future in an association of [[Islamic]] nations rather than the [[EU]], which has [[Christian]] roots. He said Turkey had always been "in permanent contrast to [[Europe]]" and that linking it to Europe would be a mistake.{{ref|csmonitor}} His defenders argue that it is to be expected that a leader within the Catholic Church would forcefully and explicitly argue in favor of the superiority of [[Catholicism]] over other religions. Others also maintain that single quotes from ''[[Dominus Iesus]]'' are not indicative of intolerance or an unwillingness to engage in dialogue with other [[faith]]s, and this is clear from a reading of the entire document. They point out that Ratzinger has been very active in promoting inter-faith dialogue. Specifically, they argue that Ratzinger has been instrumental at encouraging reconciliation with [[Lutheran]]s. In defending ''Dominus Iesus'', Ratzinger himself has stated that his belief is that inter-faith dialogue should take place on the basis of equal human dignity, but that equality of human dignity should not imply that each side is equally correct. ===Ratzinger and Fatima=== [[Image:JesusMagazine.jpg|thumb|125px|Ratzinger's Article]]Ratzinger has long been tied into the message of [[Our Lady of Fatima]] to three young [[Portugal|Portuguese]] children. Notably, until her death, [[Lúcia dos Santos]] was under orders from the Vatican not to discuss the Fatima revelations publicly unless given leave by Cardinal Ratzinger, one of seven people known to have read the actual ''Third Message'' put into writing in [[1944]], and author of the ''Theological Commentary on the Third Message'', one of four canon sourceworks kept alongside the Message. In 1984, an interview with Ratzinger was published in the [[Pauline Christianity|Pauline Sisters]] newsletter and that it deals with "dangers threatening the faith and the life of the Christian and therefore of the world", while stating that it marks the beginning of the [[Apocalypse|end-times]]. A year later the interview was re-published in ''The Ratzinger Report'', though several statements were omitted &mdash; either for editorial reasons, or clandestine conspiratorial reasons, depending on the party asked. In October 1987 he stated that "the things contained in [the] Third Secret correspond to what has been announced in Scripture and has been said again and again in many other Marian apparitions; first of all, that of Fatima in what is already known of what its message contains, conversion and penitence are the essential conditions for salvation". [[Image:BertoneAndRatzinger.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Ratzinger and Bertone at the press conference]]In 1997, Ratzinger and Capovilla publicly stated that the Third Message was ''not'' being withheld for fears it would condemn the changes of the [[Vatican II]] council. On [[June 26]] [[2000]], following the release of the text of the prophecy, Ratzinger issued a joint statement with [[Cardinal Bertone]] that the third and final chapter of [[Mary]]'s prophecy had been fulfilled in 1981 in a failed attempt on the Pope's life; critics point out however that a year after the attempted assassination, Lúcia told the Pope that the third prophecy had still not been fulfilled. He was quoted in the media as stating, "No great mystery is revealed; nor is the future unveiled. A careful reading of the text will probably prove disappointing." == Papacy == [[Image:Ratzingerpascha2005.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Not knowing that within a few weeks he would ascend the Throne of St. Peter himself, Ratzinger presided over the 2005 Easter Vigil Mass at St. Peter's Basilica in place of Pope John Paul II.]] === Election to the Papacy === ==== Prediction ==== On [[January 2]], [[2005]], ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine quoted unnamed Vatican sources as saying that Ratzinger was a frontrunner to succeed [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]] should the pope die or become too ill to continue as pope. On the death of [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]], the ''[[Financial Times]]'' gave the odds of Ratzinger becoming pope as 7&ndash;1, the lead position, but close to his rivals on the liberal wing of the church. In [[April 2005]], before his election as pope, he was identified as one of the [[List of TIME Magazine's 100 most influential people of 2005|100 most influential people in the world]] by ''Time'' magazine. Ratzinger himself had repeatedly stated he would like to retire to a Bavarian village and dedicate himself to writing books, but more recently, he told friends he was ready to "accept any charge God placed on him." Piers Paul Read wrote in ''[[The Spectator (1828)|The Spectator]]'' on [[March 5]], [[2005]]: :''There can be little doubt that his courageous promotion of orthodox Catholic teaching has earned him the respect of his fellow cardinals throughout the world. He is patently holy, highly intelligent and sees clearly what is at stake. Indeed, for those who blame the decline of Catholic practice in the developed world precisely on the propensity of many European bishops to hide their heads in the sand, a pope who confronts it may be just what is required. Ratzinger is no longer young&mdash;he is 78 years old: but Angelo Roncalli, who revolutionized Catholicism by calling the Second Vatican Council was almost the same age (76) when he became pope as [[Pope John XXIII|John XXIII]]. As Jeff Israely, the correspondent of Time, was told by a Vatican insider last month, "The Ratzinger solution is definitely on."'' However, Papal predictions in modern history had often been wrong, with the most popular candidates often losing the election in favor of a more unknown, obscure cardinal. ==== Election ==== [[Image:Pope Benedict XVI elected.jpg|thumb|250px|Benedict XVI appears on the balcony shortly after his election.]] [[Image:Pope Benedict Mass of Installation.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Benedict's installation mass on St. Peter's Square]] [[Image:Benedict sodano.jpg|thumb|left|150px|[[Angelo Cardinal Sodano]] kisses the ring of the new Pope for the first time at his installation mass]] On [[April 19]], [[2005]] Cardinal Ratzinger was elected as the successor to Pope John Paul II on the second day of the [[Papal conclave, 2005|papal conclave]] after four ballots. Coincidentally, [[April 19]] is the feast of St. [[Pope Leo IX|Leo IX]], a German pope who instituted major reforms in the [[Middle Ages]] during his papacy. Cardinal Ratzinger had hoped to retire peacefully and said that "At a certain point, I prayed to God 'please don't do this to me'...Evidently, this time He didn't listen to me." {{ref|CNNquote}} Before his first appearance at the balcony of [[Saint Peter's Basilica]] after becoming pope, he was announced by the [[Jorge Cardinal Medina Estévez]], protodeacon of the College of Cardinals. Cardinal Medina Estévez first addressed the massive crowd as "dear(est) brothers and sisters" in Italian, Spanish, French, German and English &mdash; each language receiving cheers from the international crowd &mdash; before continuing with the traditional ''[[Habemus Papam]]'' announcement in Latin. At the balcony, Benedict's first words to the crowd, before he gave the traditional ''[[Urbi et Orbi]]'' blessing, were: :''Dear brothers and sisters, after the great Pope John Paul II, the Cardinals have elected me, a simple and humble labourer in the vineyard of the Lord.'' :''The fact that the Lord knows how to work and to act even with inadequate instruments comforts me, and above all I entrust myself to your prayers.'' :''In the joy of the Risen Lord, let us move forward, confident of his unfailing help. The Lord will help us and Mary, his Most Holy Mother, will be on our side. Thank you.'' (translation from original Italian). He then gave the blessing to the people. ===Choice of name=== The choice of the name Benedict (Latin "the blessed") is significant. Benedict XVI used his first [[General Audience]] in St. Peter's Square, on [[April 27]], [[2005]], to explain to the world on why he chose the name: :''"Filled with sentiments of awe and thanksgiving, I wish to speak of why I chose the name Benedict. Firstly, I remember [[Pope Benedict XV]], that courageous prophet of peace, who guided the Church through turbulent times of war. In his footsteps I place my ministry in the service of reconciliation and harmony between peoples. Additionally, I recall [[Saint Benedict]] of Norcia, co-patron of Europe, whose life evokes the Christian roots of Europe. I ask him to help us all to hold firm to the centrality of Christ in our Christian life: May Christ always take first place in our thoughts and actions!" ''{{ref|vatican_FirstGenAud}} === Early days of Papacy === [[Image:Coabxvi.png|thumb|right|Papal Arms of Pope Benedict XVI. The [[papal tiara]] was replaced with a bishop's [[mitre]], and [[pallium]] of the Pope was added beneath the coat of arms.]] Pope Benedict has confounded the expectations of many in the early days of his papacy by his gentle public persona and his promise to listen. It is notable that he has used an open [[popemobile]], saying that he wants to be closer to the people. [[Coat of arms of Pope Benedict XVI|Benedict's coat of arms]] have officially omitted the [[papal tiara]], traditionally appearing in the background to designate the Pope's position and replaced it with a simple [[mitre]].{{ref|coatofarms}} However, there have been papal documents since his inauguration that have been appearing with the papal tiara present. Since it is the shield and not the background which is unique to the individual Pope, various backgrounds are possible (though rarely used) for even a single shield. During his inaugural Mass, the previous custom of all the cardinals submitting was replaced by having 12 people, representing cardinals, clergy, religious, a married couple and their child, and newly [[confirmation|confirmed]] people, submit to him. However, all the cardinals had already sworn their obedience upon his election. In a return to tradition, Benedict chose to resurrect the ancient tradition of the red [[papal shoes]] and to delegate the celebration of the beatification liturgies. ===Teachings=== As Pope, Benedict XVI's main role is to teach about the Catholic faith and the solutions to the problems of the faith, a role that he can play well being a former head of the Church's Congregation of the Faith. The emphases of his teachings are stated in more detail in [[Theology of Pope Benedict XVI]]. ====Friendship with Jesus Christ==== According to commentators, during the Inaugural Mass, the core of his message, the most moving and famous part, is found in the last paragraph of his homily where he referred to both Jesus Christ and John Paul II. After referring to John Paul II's well-known words (Do not be afraid! Open wide the doors for Christ!), Benedict XVI says: :Are we not perhaps all afraid in some way? If we let Christ enter fully into our lives, if we open ourselves totally to him, are we not afraid that He might take something away from us?...And once again the Pope said: No! If we let Christ into our lives, we lose nothing, nothing, absolutely nothing of what makes life free, beautiful and great. No! Only in this friendship do we experience beauty and liberation....When we give ourselves to him, we receive a hundredfold in return. Yes, open, open wide the doors to Christ – and you will find true life. [http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/homilies/documents/hf_ben-xvi_hom_20050424_inizio-pontificato_en.html] "Friendship with Jesus Christ" is a theme of his preaching which is found in many of his homilies and his addresses. For example, his address to the priests of Rome, his diocese as bishop: [http://www.ewtn.com/library/PAPALDOC/B16CLERO.HTM] and to the cardinals in the pre-conclave, a key public address to the Church's top leaders: [http://www.ewtn.com/pope/words/conclave_homily.asp] ===="Dictatorship of relativism"==== Continuing what he said in the pre-conclave Mass about what he has often referred to as the "central problem of our faith today": [http://www.ewtn.com/library/CURIA/RATZRELA.HTM] the world "moving towards a dictatorship of [[relativism]]", [http://www.nationalcatholicreporter.org/word/wyd082105.htm] on June 6, 2005 he also said: :"Today, a particularly insidious obstacle to the task of education is the massive presence in our society and culture of that [[relativism]] which, recognizing nothing as definitive, leaves as the ultimate criterion only the self with its desires. And under the semblance of freedom it becomes a prison for each one, for it separates people from one another, locking each person into his or her own ' He also traced the failed revolutions and ideologies of the 20th century to a conversion of partial points of view into absolute guides: "''Absolutizing what is not absolute but relative is called totalitarianism,''" he said during World Youth Day. In an address to a conference of the Diocese of Rome held at [[St. John Lateran]] basilica on [[June 6]], 2005, Benedict remarked on the issues of [[same-sex marriage]] and [[abortion]]: :''"The various forms of the dissolution of matrimony today, like free unions, trial marriages and going up to pseudo-matrimonies by people of the same sex, are rather expressions of an anarchic freedom that wrongly passes for true freedom of man...from here it becomes all the more clear how contrary it is to human love, to the profound vocation of man and woman, to systematically close their union to the gift of life, and even worse to suppress or tamper with the life that is born," he said.''{{ref|AP}} ===Curial appointments=== Upon becoming Pope, Benedict reappointed all former officers of the [[Roman Curia]] under John Paul II to new terms, their terms having ended with the papacy. This assured an easy transition into new government. The highest of those appointments are those considered to be Benedict XVI's [[prime minister]]s: [[Angelo Cardinal Sodano]] of [[Italy]] who serves as [[Cardinal Secretary of State]] and [[Edmund Cardinal Szoka]] of the [[United States]] who serves as [[Governor of Vatican City]]. Benedict XVI's only major new appointment was that of his successor as Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. Early speculation included the names of [[Christoph Cardinal Schönborn]], [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vienna|Archbishop of Vienna]] in [[Austria]] and [[Francis Cardinal George]], [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago|Archbishop of Chicago]] in the United States. Both were renowned for their knowledge of Church doctrine and were considered among the more conservative members of the College of Cardinals. On [[May 13]], [[2005]], Benedict XVI appointed a non-Cardinal, [[William Joseph Levada]], [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Francisco|Archbishop of San Francisco]] in the United States. Renowned for his knowledge of Church doctrine due to his office as principal editor of the current [[Catechism of the Catholic Church]], Levada is considered by some to be even more staunchly conservative than all the Pope's choices within the College of Cardinals. Levada relinquishes his [[episcopal see|see]] in San Francisco on [[August 17]], [[2005]] and is expected to be raised in consistory to the title of Cardinal. Due to the immense influence wielded by the office of Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith&mdash;arguably more immense than that of the Pope's own prime ministers&mdash;Benedict XVI's appointment of an American in effect raises the United States into greater prominence in the universal Church. That fact sparked many fears that the United States was being given too much power in the Church; people worldwide generally express uneasiness that the United States already dominates global politics. It is for that reason that Americans are never considered [[papabile]]. === Beatifications === [[Image:Popebenedictxvi lei.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Benedict XVI oversaw his first beatification on May 14, 2005, honoring Mother Marianne Cope of Hawaii with the title ''Blessed''. He wore a traditional Hawaiian maile lei as a [[stole]] for the occasion.]] On [[May 13]], [[2005]], Benedict XVI made his first promulgation of the [[beatification]] process. The honoree of the process was his predecessor, John Paul II. Normally five years pass before the beatification process begins for a person after his or her death but due to the popularity of John Paul II &mdash; devotees chanted "Santo subito!" meaning "Saint now!" during the late pontiff's funeral &mdash; Benedict XVI waived the custom and officially styled the late pope with the title given to all those being scrutinized in the beatification process, ''[[Servant of God]]''. Upon the confirmation after scrutiny that the late pontiff's life is found morally clean and manifests heroic virtues, a decree of heroicity will be proclaimed and John Paul II will be declared ''[[Venerable]]'' on the road to beatification. Before changes in [[canon law]] in [[1917]], the title ''Venerable'' was given at the same time a person was declared ''Servant of God''. Upon the confirmation of [[miracle]]s attributed to the honoree, John Paul II would then be declared ''[[Blessed]]''. A person is strictly prohibited from being officially celebrated in [[mass (liturgy)|Mass]] until he or she achieves the title of ''Blessed''. The next day, on [[May 14]], Benedict XVI made his first official beatification, raising [[Mother Marianne Cope]] &mdash; who served with [[Blessed Damien of Molokai]] helping those suffering from [[leprosy]] in what is now the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu|Diocese of Honolulu]] in [[Hawaii]] &mdash; to the title of "Blessed Marianne of Molokai." She was the first addition to the [[calendar of saints]] by Benedict XVI announcing an optional feast to be celebrated in her honor annually on [[January 23]]. Blessed Damien and Blessed Marianne are the [[patron saint|patrons]] of [[HIV]]/[[AIDS]] and [[outcast]]s. Both are expected to become the first saints of the [[Hawaiian Islands]]. [[Mother Ascensión Nicol Goñi]] was also beatified on the same day. Unlike his predecessor, Benedict XVI delegated the beatification liturgical service to a principal aide, [[José Cardinal Saraiva Martins]], Prefect of the [[Congregation for the Causes of Saints]]. It was noted by Vatican watchers that the practice of delegating prominent functions enjoyed by the late John Paul II would become the norm for Benedict XVI, who seems to prefer the duties of Church manager as opposed to having more of a public face. This may also reflect the need for Benedict to maintain a more restricted public appearance schedule, due to his recent health history, which may be described as resulting from age related illnesses. [[Image:Pope16mass.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Pope Benedict XVI participated in a Mass attended by 800,000 people in Cologne, Germany, during the World Youth Day. This marked the pontiff's first apostolic journey.]] On [[June 16]], [[2005]], it was learned that the planned beatification of a French priest, Fr. [[Leon Dehon]], had been suspended by the Vatican after complaints about anti-Semitism in his writings. The Vatican decided to further study the life and writings of the Fr. Dehon, who died in 1925 and who had founded the priests of the Sacred Heart of Jesus religious order. The beatification was postponed originally due to the death of [[Pope John Paul II]] on [[April 2]], [[2005]]. The move came after a French Catholic newspaper, ''La Croix'', reported that some of his writings contained anti-Semitic passages. ''La Croix'' quoted his writings as saying Jews were "united in their hatred of Jesus" and were enemies of Christians, and that anti-Semitism was a "sign of hope." The possibility of declaring Fr. Dehon a saint has been under consideration by the church for decades. The process began formally in 1939. The church declared his virtues in 1983, and John Paul gave him the title "venerable" in 1997 after the church ruled that an electrician in Brazil had been miraculously cured of an illness in 1954 after prayers were directed to him. However, France's government had put the Vatican on notice that it would not send a representative to the beatification, and the French bishops' conference urged the Vatican to act with caution, according to French newspaper reports. {{ref|Washington_postJune16}}. For many in the Catholic community who had been concerned about the rapidity of the beatification process during the reign of [[Pope John Paul II]], this incident seemed to indicate that the management of the practice of making saints will be more measured and, possibly, less inclined to speed up the process. On [[June 19]], [[2005]], Benedict XVI beatified Father [[Władysław Findysz]], a martyr of the [[Communist]] regime, Father [[Bronisław Markiewicz]], the founder of the [[Congregation of St. Michael]], and Father [[Ignacy Kłopotowski]], the founder of the [[Congregation of the Sisters of Loreto]]. Benedict XVI had delegated [[Józef Cardinal Glemp]] of [[Warsaw]] to preside over the beatification liturgy, which took place at [[Piłsudski Square]] in Warsaw. The beatifications were originally scheduled for [[April 24]] [[2005]], however they were delayed due to the death of [[Pope John Paul II]]. Pope John Paul II also started the process of the beatifications of the above Poles, but Benedict XVI had to complete the process. === Canonisations === The first Mass of Canonisation for Benedict XVI is scheduled for [[October 23]], [[2005]] in [[St. Peter's Square]]. Benedict XVI will bestow the honour of Sainthood to: [[Józef Bilczewski]] of [[Poland]] and [[Ukraine]], Archbishop of Lviv ([[Lwów]]); [[Gaetano Catanoso]] of Italy, priest and founder of the [[Congregation of the Daughters of St. Veronica]] (also known as the Missionaries of the Holy Face); [[Zygmunt Gorazdowski]] of Poland and Ukraine, priest and founder of the [[Congregation of Sisters of St. Joseph]]; [[Alberto Hurtado Cruchaga]] of [[Chile]], priest of the [[Society of Jesus]], and [[Felice Da Nicosia]] of [[Italy]], lay member of the [[Capuchins]]. === Apostolic journeys === # '''Italy''' ([[May 29]], [[2005]]): Pope Benedict visited the Italian port of [[Bari]] and pledged to make the reconciliation with the [[Eastern Orthodoxy|Eastern Orthodox Church]] a "fundamental" commitment of his papacy. Benedict made the pledge in a city closely tied to the Orthodox Church. Bari, on Italy’s Adriatic coast, is considered a “bridge” between East and West and is home to the relics of [[Saint Nicholas|St. Nicholas of Myra]], a 4th-century saint who is one of the most popular in both the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches. The Pope referred to Bari as a "land of meeting and dialogue" with the Orthodox Church in his homily at a Mass that closed a national religious conference. It was his first pilgrimage outside Rome since being elected the 265th leader of the Roman Catholic Church on [[April 19]]. # '''Germany''' ([[August 18]] to [[August 21]], [[2005]]): The Pope arrived in Germany on [[August 18]] in order to participate in the [[World Youth Day 2005|20th World Youth Day]] in [[Cologne]]. There he met with President [[Horst Köhler]], Chancellor [[Gerhard Schröder]], leader of the Opposition [[Angela Merkel]] and others, and visited the famous [[Cologne Cathedral]]. The Pope visited the [[synagogue]] of the Jewish community in Cologne, which is the oldest Jewish community in the world north of the Alps. After [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]], he thus is only the third Pontiff, including [[St. Peter]], (the second in modern times) known to officially visit a synagogue. He also spoke with representatives of the Muslim and Protestant communities of Cologne. On [[August 21]] he led a mass at Marienfeld with about 800,000 youths present. ==See also== {{wikiquote}} {{wikisource author}} {{commons|Benedictus XVI}} {{wikinews|German Cardinal Ratzinger elected Pope Benedict XVI}} *[[Georg Gänswein]] - private secretary *''[[Dominus Iesus]]'' - document written by Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith * [[Three Secrets of Fatima|The Message of Fatima]] - document on the purported release of the Third Secret of Fatima *[[Pope Benedict]] - list of other popes and antipopes using the name *[[Prophecy of the Popes]] - document by Saint Malachy *[[Theology of Pope Benedict XVI]] - philosophical and theological beliefs of Pope Benedict XVI *[[Works of Pope Benedict XVI]] - literature written by Pope Benedict XVI ==Notes== <!-- Instructions for adding a footnote. NOTE: Footnotes in this article use names, not numbers, see [[Wikipedia:Footnote3]] for details. 1) Assign your footnote a unique name, for example TheSun_Dec9. 2) Add the macro {{ref|TheSun_Dec9}} to the body of the article, where you want the new footnote. 3) Put footnotes in the order they appear in the body. Avoid duplicates. --> <!-- # {{note|YahooCats}} Matthew Schofield, "[http://www.realcities.com/mld/krwashington/11455054.htm In German town, Benedict XVI known for love of cats, conversation]," ''Knight Ridder'', April 21, 2005. --> # {{note|timesonline_a}} Justin Sparks, John Follain, and Christopher Morgan, "[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2089-1572667,00.html Papal hopeful is a former Hitler Youth]," ''The Sunday Times'', April 17, 2005. # {{note|iht_demotions}} Richard Bernstein, and Mark Landler, "[http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/04/21/news/portrait.html A cardinal's visit put boy on path to the Vatican]," ''New York Times'', April 22, 2005. # {{note|nytimes_faith}} Richard Bernstein, and Mark Landler, "[http://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/22/international/worldspecial2/22germany.html?pagewanted=1&adxnnl=1&adxnnlx=1114340564-13zVUfWUfsfMLXhqWFxrDA A future pope is recalled: A lover of cats and Mozart, dazzled by church as a boy]," ''New York Times'', April 22, 2005. # {{note|HistoryPlace}} "[http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/hitleryouth/hj-prelude.htm Hitler Youth: Prelude to War (1933&ndash;1938)]," The History Place. # {{note|nytimes_campus}} Daniel J Wakin, "[http://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/24/international/worldspecial2/24ratzinger.html?position=&incamp=article_popular_5&pagewanted=print&position= Turbulence on Campus in 60's Hardened Views of Future Pope]," ''New York Times'', April 24, 2005 (accessed June 8, 2005) # {{note|SundayTimes}} [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2089-1592856,00.html "Pope has had second stroke"], ''The Sunday Times'', (London) May 1, 2005. # {{note|Observer-240505b_a}} Jamie Doward, "[http://observer.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,6903,1469005,00.html The Pope, the letter and the child sex claim]," ''The Guardian'', April 24, 2005. # {{note|vatican_motu}} ''[http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/motu_proprio/documents/hf_jp-ii_motu-proprio_20020110_sacramentorum-sanctitatis-tutela_lt.html Sacramentorum sanctitatis tutela]'', The Vatican, April 30, 2001. # {{note|vatican_2001letter}} ''[http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_20010518_epistula_graviora%20delicta_lt.html Epistula ad totius Catholicae Ecclesiae Episcopos aliosque Ordinarios et Hierarchas interesse habentes de delictis gravioribus eidem Congregationi pro Doctrina Fidei reservatis]'', The Vatican, May 18, 2001. # {{note|vatican_norms}} [http://www.bishop-accountability.org/resources/resource-files/churchdocs/SacramentorumAndNormaeEnglish.htm www.bishop-accountability.org] Unofficial translation of ''Sacramentorum sanctitatis tutela'' by the USCCB and a translation of the Norms by Gregory Ingels, both revised by Joseph R. Punderson and Charles J. Scicluna. The new norms (like the American norms) consider a minor to be anyone under the age of 18&mdash;a wider definition than in the Code of Canon Law, where minors are below the age of 16. # {{note|Observer-240505a}} Jamie Doward, "[http://observer.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,6903,1469055,00.html Pope 'obstructed' sex abuse inquiry]," ''The Guardian'', April 24, 2005. # {{note|CNSb}} "[http://www.americamagazine.org/catholicnews.cfm?articleTypeID=29&textID=1352&issueID=355 Signs of the Times: Doctrinal Congregation Takes Over Priestly Pedophilia Cases]", ''Catholic News Service'', December 17, 2001. # {{note|AAS}} ''[[Acta Apostolicae Sedis]]'' 93 (2001): 737&ndash;39, 785&ndash;88. # {{note|CIC}} [http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/__P3.HTM Code of Canon Law: Canon 8, §1], The Vatican. # {{note|CLI}} [http://mywebpages.comcast.net/enpeters/blog.htm CanonLaw.info], April 29, 2005 update to ''Much Ado About Nothing'' by Dr Edward Peters, JCD, JD # {{note|ZE02120324}} "[http://www.zenit.org/english/visualizza.phtml?sid=28487 Cardinal Ratzinger ... Sees Agenda Behind the Reporting in U.S.]," ''Zenit News Agency'', December 3, 2002. # {{note|vatican_transcript}} [http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/2005/via_crucis/en/station_09.html Vatican Transcript of Meditation on the Ninth Station of the Cross], The Vatican. # {{note|Observer-240505b_c}} See note 8 above. # {{note|Observer-240505b_d}} See note 8 above. # {{note|theaustralian}} Justin Sparks, and John Follain, "[http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5744,15003155%255E39835,00.html Nazi link may dog favourite]," ''The Australian'', April 18, 2005. # {{note|www.vatican.va.640}} {{Web reference_simple | title= the official Latin text | URL=http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_20000806_dominus-iesus_lt.html | date= July 7 | year= 2005 }} # {{note|scoba}} "[http://www.scoba.us/resources/filioque-p02.asp The Filioque: A Church-dividing Issue? An agreed statement of the North American Orthodox-Catholic Theological Consultation]", ''[[North American Orthodox-Catholic Theological Consultation]]'', October 25, 2003. # {{note|worldjewishcongress}} "[http://www.worldjewishcongress.org/nfo/article.cfm?id=3908 Election of Cardinal Ratzinger as new Pope welcomed]," ''World Jewish Congress'', April 19, 2005. # {{note|phayul}} "[http://www.phayul.com/news/article.aspx?id=9643&article=His+Holiness+the+Dalai+Lama+Greets+New+Pope His Holiness the Dalai Lama Greets New Pope]," Phayul.com, April 20, 2005; [http://english.chosun.com/w21data/html/news/200504/200504200016.html Korean Catholics Welcome New Pontiff]," english.chosun.com, April 20, 2005. # {{note|csmonitor}} Jim Bencivenga, "[http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/0422/dailyUpdate.html Navigating a clash of civilizations: Examining the new pope's old comments on Turkey's entry into the European Union]," ''Christian Science Monitor'', April 22, 2005. # {{note|CNNquote}} [http://www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/europe/04/25/pope.monday/ http://www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/europe/04/25/pope.monday/] Quote from a CNN Interview, April 25, 2005. # {{note|vatican_FirstGenAud}} [http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/audiences/2005/documents/hf_ben-xvi_aud_20050427_en.html Pope Benedict XVI's General Audience Speech], The Vatican, April 27, 2005. # {{note|coatofarms}} [http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/elezione/stemma-benedict-xvi_en.html Coat of Arms of His Holiness Benedict XVI], The Vatican. # {{note|AP}} Nicole Winfield, "[http://www.guardian.co.uk/worldlatest/story/0,1280,-5056168,00.html Pope Benedict XVI condemns same-sex unions]," ''The Guardian'', June 6, 2005. # {{note|Washington_postJune16}} Alan Cooperman, "[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/06/15/AR2005061502305.html Pope Halts Beatification of French Priest]", ''Washington Post'', June 16, 2005. <!--READ ME!! PLEASE DO NOT JUST ADD NEW NOTES AT THE BOTTOM. See the instructions above on ordering. --> == Books and theological writings == :''Main article (with original titles and English translations): [[Works of Pope Benedict XVI]]'' *''Called to Communion: Understanding the Church Today.'' 1996. *''Eschatology: Death and Eternal Life.'' Dogmatic Theology series. Michael Waldstein, Trans. 1988. *''God and the World: A Conversation with Peter Seewald.'' 2002. *''God Is Near Us: The Eucharist, the Heart of Life.'' 2003. *''In the Beginning….: A Catholic Understanding of the Story of Creation and the Fall.'' 1995. *''Introduction to Christianity.'' 1968, new edition 2000. *''Journey to Easter.'' (Forthcoming) *''Many Religions, One Covenant: Israel, The Church, and the World.'' 1999. *''Milestones: Memoirs 1927-1977.'' 1998. *''Ratzinger Report: An Exclusive Interview on the State of the Church.'' 1985. *''Salt of the Earth: The Church at the End of the Millennium, An Interview With Peter Seewald.'' 1997. *''Spirit of the Liturgy.'' 2000. *''Truth and Tolerance: Christian Belief and World Religions.'' 2004. *''Values in a Time of Upheaval.'' (Forthcoming) ==Literature== * Allen, John L.: ''Cardinal Ratzinger: the Vatican's enforcer of the faith''. &ndash; New York: Continuum, 2000 * Nichols OP, Aidan: ''Theology of Joseph Ratzinger''. &ndash; Edinburgh; T&T Clark, 1988 * Wagner, Karl: ''Kardinal Ratzinger: der Erzbischof in München und Freising in Wort und Bild''. &ndash; München : Pfeiffer, 1977 * Pater Prior Maximilian Heim: ''Joseph Ratzinger - Kirchliche Existenz und existenzielle Theologie unter dem Anspruch von Lumen gentium'' (diss.). * Herrmann, Horst: ''Benedikt XVI. Der neue Papst aus Deutschland''. &ndash; Berlin 2005 ==Biographies== * Allen, John L. (2005) ''Pope Benedict XVI: A Biography of Joseph Ratzinger'' New York: Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 0826417868 * Bardazzi, Marco (2005) ''In the Vineyard of the Lord : The Life, Faith, and Teachings of Joseph Ratzinger, Pope Benedict XV'' New York: Rizzoli International. ISBN 0847828018 * Bunson, Matthew. (2005) ''We Have a Pope! Benedict XVI'' Huntington IN: Our Sunday Visitor. ISBN 1592761801 * Tobin, Greg. (2005) ''Holy Father : Pope Benedict XVI: Pontiff for a New Era'' Sterling. ISBN 1402731728 ==External links and references== ===Official=== *[http://www.vatican.va Vatican: the Holy See] &ndash; Vatican web site *[http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/index.htm The Holy See - The Holy Father - Benedict XVI] &ndash; Vatican web site about the Holy Father Benedict XVI *[http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/elezione/index_en.htm Vatican: Election] Vatican web page about election * ''[http://www.communio-icr.com/ Communio]'' magazine, founded by Ratzinger and others. Contains recent articles by him. *Official email address: [mailto:benedictxvi@vatican.va] (see [http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/elezione/index_en.htm link 'Greetings to the Holy Father']) ===Biographical=== *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4445279.stm Pope Benedict XVI: BBC Profile] *[http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,1558777,00.html Deutsche Welle Dossier on Benedict XVI] *[http://washingtontimes.com/upi-breaking/20050401-033437-4653r.htm Washington Times Analysis: Ratzinger in the ascendance] *[http://www.wsws.org/articles/2005/apr2005/pope-a22.shtml WSWS.org - Pope Benedict XVI’s political resume: theocracy and social reaction] *[http://www.natcath.com/NCR_Online/archives/041699/041699a.htm The Vatican’s Enforcer] &ndash; The National Catholic Reporter's 1999 Cover Story on the history of then Cardinal Ratzinger *[http://www.catholicculture.org/docs/doc_view.cfm?recnum=663 World War II years] ===The first days of his papacy=== *[http://www.punditguy.com/2005/04/german_pope.html Pope News Roundup] *[http://www.americancatholic.org/news/BenedictXVI American Catholic - Pope Benedict XVI Starts His Papacy] *[http://www.angelfire.com/tv2/benedictxvi/ Cardinal Jorge Arturo Medina Estevez announcing Habemus Papam (We have a Pope!)] ([[Windows Media Player]] Video). *[http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/programmes/misc/papal_inauguration.shtml BBC audio of ''The Inauguration Mass of Pope Benedict XVI''] from Sunday 24th April ===General=== *[http://www.popebenedictxvifanclub.com/index.html The Pope Benedict XVI Fan Club] (see also [http://www.ratzingerfanclub.com/ The Cardinal Ratzinger Fan Club]) *[http://thepopeblog.blogspot.com The Pope Blog: Pope Benedict XVI] *[http://catholicapologeticsofamerica.blogspot.com/ Catholic Apologetics of America] *[http://www.ratzinger.it Amici di Joseph Ratzinger] (in Italian) *[http://www.vatikan-news.org Portal Papst Benedikt XVI.] (in German) *[http://www.papst-benedikt.be Papst News: Papst Benedikt XVI] (in German) *[http://www.cardinalrating.com/cardinal_84.htm Ratzinger page at www.cardinalrating.com] *[http://www.repubblica.it/2005/g/sezioni/spettacoli_e_cultura/harrypotter/harrypotter/harrypotter.html About his hostility toward Harry Potter books] (in Italian) {{Episcopal_Succession | | date of consecration=[[May 28]], [[1977]] | consecrated by=[[Josef Stangl]] | bishopconsecrated1 = bishopconsecrated1 | bishop 1=[[Alberto Cardinal Bovone]] | consecration date 1=[[May 12]].[[1984]] | bishopconsecrated2 = bishopconsecrated2 | bishop 2=[[Zygmunt Zimowski]] | consecration date 2=[[May 25]]. [[2002]] | bishopconsecrated3 = bishopconsecrated3 | bishop 3=[[Josef Clemens]] | consecration date 3=[[January 6]], [[2004]] | bishopconsecrated4 = bishopconsecrated4 | bishop 4=[[Bruno Forte]] | consecration date 4=[[September 8]], [[2004]] | bishopconsecrated5 = null | bishop 5= | consecration date 5= | bishopconsecrated6 = null | bishop 6= | consecration date 6= | bishopconsecrated7 = null | bishop 7= | consecration date 7= | bishopconsecrated8 = null | bishop 8= | consecration date 8= | bishopconsecrated9 = null | bishop 9= | consecration date 9= | bishopconsecrated10 = null | bishop 10= | consecration date 10= | bishopconsecrated11 = null | bishop 11= | consecration date 11= | bishopconsecrated12 = null | bishop 12= | consecration date 12= | bishopconsecrated13 = null | bishop 13= | consecration date 13= | bishopconsecrated14 = null | bishop 14= | consecration date 14= | bishopconsecrated15 = null | bishop 15= | consecration date 15= | bishopconsecrated16 = null | bishop 16= | consecration date 16= | bishopconsecrated17 = null | bishop 17= | consecration date 17= | bishopconsecrated18 = null | bishop 18= | consecration date 18= | bishopconsecrated19 = null | bishop 19= | consecration date 19= | bishopconsecrated20 = null | bishop 20= | consecration date 20= }} <center> {{start box}} {{succession box | before=[[Julius Cardinal Döpfner]] | title=[[Archdiocese of Munich and Freising|Archbishop of Munich and Freising]] | years=[[1977]]&ndash;[[1982]] | after=[[Friedrich Cardinal Wetter]] }} {{succession box | before=[[Franjo Šeper|Franjo Cardinal Šeper]] | title=[[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith|Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]] | years=[[1981]]&ndash;[[2005]] | after=[[William Joseph Levada]] }} {{succession box | before=[[Bernardin Cardinal Gantin]] | title=[[Dean of the College of Cardinals]] | years=[[2002]]&ndash;[[2005]] | after=[[Angelo Cardinal Sodano]] }} {{succession box | before=[[Pope John Paul II|<!-- please do not insert "the Servant of God"; this has been discussed on the Talk Page -->John Paul II]] | title=[[List of Popes|Pope]] | years=[[2005]]&ndash;''present'' | after=''incumbent''}} {{end box}} </center> <!--Categories--> [[Category:Bapapu|Benwa 16]] [[Category:Bapapu ya Alemania|Benwa 16]] [[Category:Bakonzi bikolo ya lelo|Benwa 16]] [[Category:Bantomá ya lelo|Benwa 16]] [[Category:Papu Benwa XVI| ]] [[Category:Mabotami ya 1927|Benwa 16]] [[Category:Basali teologi ya Alemania|Benwa 16]] <!--Interlanguage links--> {{Link FA|no}} {{Link FA|no}} [[ar:بينيدكت السادس عشر]] [[ast:Benedictu XVI]] [[bg:Бенедикт XVI]] [[zh-min-nan:Benedictus 16-sè]] [[ca:Benet XVI]] [[cs:Benedikt XVI.]] [[cy:Pab Benedict XVI]] [[da:Pave Benedikt 16.]] [[de:Benedikt XVI.]] [[et:Benedictus XVI]] [[el:Πάπας Βενέδικτος ΙΣΤ']] [[es:Benedicto XVI]] [[eo:Benedikto la 16-a]] [[fo:Benadikt XVI]] [[fr:Benoît XVI]] [[fur:Pape Benedet XVI]] [[ga:Pápa Beinidict XVI]] [[gl:Benedito XVI]] [[ko:교황 베네딕토 16세]] [[hi:जोज़फ़ रैत्सिंगर]] [[hr:Benedikt XVI.]] [[io:Benedictus 16ma]] [[id:Paus Benediktus XVI]] [[is:Benedikt XVI]] [[it:Papa Benedetto XVI]] [[he:בנדיקטוס השישה עשר]] [[la:Benedictus XVI]] [[lt:Benediktas XVI]] [[lb:Benoît XVI. (Poopst)]] [[li:Benedictus XVI]] [[hu:XVI. Benedek]] [[ms:Paus Benedict XVI]] [[mo:Папа Бенедикт ал ⅩⅥ-ля]] [[nl:Paus Benedictus XVI]] [[ja:ベネディクト16世 (ローマ教皇)]] [[no:Benedikt XVI]] [[nn:Pave Benedikt XVI]] [[pl:Papież Benedykt XVI]] [[pt:Papa Bento XVI]] [[ro:Papa Benedict al XVI-lea]] [[ru:Бенедикт XVI (Папа Римский)]] [[sco:Pape Benedict XVI]] [[sh:Benedikt XVI]] [[scn:Binidittu XVI]] [[simple:Pope Benedict XVI]] [[sk:Benedikt XVI.]] [[sl:Papež Benedikt XVI.]] [[sr:Папа Бенедикт XVI]] [[fi:Benedictus XVI]] [[sv:Benedictus XVI]] [[tl:Papa Benito XVI]] [[ta:போப் பெனடிக்ட் XVI]] [[th:สมเด็จพระสันตะปาปาเบเนดิกต์ที่ 16]] [[tpi:Benedict XVI]] [[uk:Бенедикт XVI]] [[zh:本篤十六世]] 6364 2005-09-28T00:32:28Z Moyogo 11 {{bobóngoli na nkóta}} {{Infobox Pope | English name = Benedict XVI| image = [[Image:Popebenedictxvi firsttimeonthrone.jpg|200px|]]| birth_name = Joseph Alois Ratzinger| term_start = [[April 19]], [[2005]]| term_end = ''[[Incumbent]]''| predecessor = [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]]| successor = ''[[Incumbent]]''| birth_date = [[April 16]], [[1927]]| birthplace = [[Marktl am Inn]], [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]| dead = alive| death_date = | deathplace = | }} {{infobox popestyles| papal name=Pope Benedict XVI| dipstyle=[[His Holiness]]| offstyle=Your Holiness| relstyle=Holy Father| deathstyle=not applicable|}} '''Pope Benedict XVI''' ([[Ecclesiastical Latin|Latin]]: ''Benedictus PP. XVI''; born [[April 16]], [[1927]] as '''Joseph Alois Ratzinger''' in [[Marktl am Inn]], [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]) is the 265th <!-- John A. Hardon's "Modern Catholic Dictionary (1980) lists Pope John Paul II as 264th pope. If you think this is inaccurate, please discuss it on the talk page before changing it here. Thanks. -->reigning [[pope]], the head of the [[Roman Catholic Church]] and [[monarch|sovereign]] of [[Vatican City]]. He was elected on [[April 19]], [[2005]], in a [[Papal conclave, 2005|papal conclave]] over which he presided in his capacity as [[Dean of the College of Cardinals|dean]] of the [[College of Cardinals]]. He celebrated his [[Papal Inauguration|Papal Inauguration Mass]] on [[April 24]], [[2005]] and was enthroned in the Basilica of St. John Lateran ([[Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano]]) on [[May 7]], [[2005]]. One of the most influential academic theologians since the 1960s and author of many books, he is viewed as conservative and a close ally of his predecessor, [[Pope John Paul II]]. He served as professor at various German universities, [[Archbishop]] of [[Munich]], [[Prefect]] of the [[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]] and [[Dean of the College of Cardinals]] before becoming Pope. In response to an increasing de-christianisation in many developed countries, where [[secular humanism]], [[secularism]], and [[secularization]] are influential, the Pope particularly emphasizes what he sees as the need for Europe to turn back to its fundamental values. ==Overview== [[Image:Benedict-salute.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Pope Benedict XVI]] Pope Benedict XVI was [[Papal election|elected pope]] at the age of 78. He is the [[List of ages of popes|oldest person to have been elected pope]] since [[Pope Clement XII|Clement XII]] in [[1730]]. He served longer as a [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] before being elected pope than any pope since [[Pope Benedict XIII|Benedict XIII]] (elected [[1724]]). He is the ninth German pope, the last being the Dutch-German [[Pope Adrian VI|Adrian VI]] ([[1522]]&ndash;[[1523]]). The last pope named Benedict was [[Pope Benedict XV|Benedict XV]], an Italian who reigned from [[1914]] to [[1922]], during [[World War I]]. Ratzinger was born in [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]. He had a distinguished career as a university [[theology|theologian]] before being made the [[archbishop]] of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Munich|Munich]]; he was subsequently made a cardinal by [[Pope Paul VI]] in the [[consistory]] of [[June 27]], [[1977]]. He was appointed as the prefect of the [[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]] by [[Pope John Paul II]] in [[1981]] and was made the [[Cardinal Bishop|cardinal bishop]] of the [[suburbicarian diocese]] of [[Velletri]]-[[Segni]] on [[April 5]], [[1993]]. In [[1998]], he was made the sub-dean of the [[College of Cardinals]]; later, on [[November 30]], [[2002]], he became the dean and simultaneously the cardinal bishop of the suburbicarian diocese of [[Ostia]]. He was the first dean of the college elected pope since [[Pope Paul IV|Paul IV]] in [[1555]] and the first cardinal bishop elected pope since [[Pope Pius VIII|Pius VIII]] in [[1829]]. Before becoming pope, Cardinal Ratzinger was already one of the most influential men in the Vatican, and was a close associate of the late John Paul II. He presided over the [[funeral of John Paul II]] and also over the Mass immediately preceding the 2005 conclave in which he was elected, in which he called on the assembled cardinals to hold fast to the doctrine of the faith. He was the public face of the church in much of the ''[[sede vacante]]'' period, although he ranked below the ''[[camerlengo]]'' in administrative authority during that time. Benedict XVI's views appear to be similar to those of his predecessor in maintaining the traditional Catholic doctrines on artificial [[birth control]], [[abortion]], and [[homosexuality]] while promoting [[Catholic social teaching]]. Benedict speaks [[German language|German]], [[Italian language|Italian]] and [[French language|French]] fluently, and [[English language|English]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]] and [[Latin language|Latin]] slightly less fluently. He can read [[ancient Greek]] and classical [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]]. He is a member of a large number of academies, such as the French ''[[Académie des sciences morales et politiques]]''. He plays the [[piano]] and has a preference for [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]] and [[Ludwig van Beethoven|Beethoven]]. == Early life (1927&ndash;1951) == {{main|Early life of Pope Benedict XVI}} ===Background and childhood (1927&ndash;1943)=== <!-- Please consider developing the separate article instead! This section is to be reduced in size. --> [[Image:PopeBenedicts1stHome.jpg|thumb|250px|Ratzinger was born at a house in Marktl am Inn which survives today.]] [[Image:Benedict boy.jpg|thumb|250px|Ratzinger as a boy]] [[Image:Stmichaelseminarytraunstein KerstinJoensson.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ratzinger studied at Saint Michael Seminary in Traunstein, Germany.]] Joseph Alois Ratzinger was born on [[Holy Saturday]], at Schulstrasse 11, his parents' home in [[Marktl am Inn]], [[Bavaria]]. He was the third and youngest child of [[Joseph Ratzinger, Sr.]], a police officer, and his wife, Maria Ratzinger (nee Peintner), who worked as a barmaid, and whose family were from [[South Tyrol]] (today part of [[Italy]]). His father served in both the Bavarian State Police (''[[Landespolizei]]'') and the German national Regular Police ([[Ordnungspolizei]]) before retiring in [[1937]] to the town of [[Traunstein]]. The ''[[Sunday Times]]'' of [[London]] described the elder Ratzinger as "an anti-Nazi whose attempts to rein in Hitler's [[Brown shirts|Sturmabteilung]] forced the family to move several times." {{ref|timesonline_a}}. According to the ''[[International Herald Tribune]]'', these relocations were directly related to Joseph Ratzinger, Sr.'s continued resistance to [[Nazism]], which resulted in demotions and transfers. {{ref|iht_demotions}} The pope's brother [[Georg Ratzinger|Georg]] said: "Our father was a bitter enemy of Nazism because he believed it was in conflict with our faith." {{ref|nytimes_faith}}. Pope Benedict's brother, Georg, is still living. His sister, Maria Ratzinger, who never married, managed her brother Joseph's household until her death in [[1991]]. Their grand uncle [[Georg Ratzinger (politician)|Georg Ratzinger]] was a priest and member of the [[Reichstag (institution)|Reichstag]], as the German Parliament was called then. The pope's relatives agree that his ambitions to serve in the upper echelons of the Church were apparent since childhood. At age five, Ratzinger was in a group of children who presented the [[Archbishop]] of [[Munich]] with flowers; later that day he announced he wanted to be a cardinal. (See also [[Early life of Pope Benedict XVI]].) According to his cousin Erika Kopp, Ratzinger had no desire from childhood to be anything other than a priest. When he was 15, she says, he announced that he was going to be a bishop, whereupon she playfully remarked, 'And why not Pope?'. When Ratzinger turned 14 he was forced by law to join the [[Hitler Youth]] (membership was legally required from December [[1936]]{{ref|HistoryPlace}}.) According to the ''[[National Catholic Reporter]]'' correspondent and biographer John Allen, Ratzinger was an unenthusiastic member who refused to attend meetings. Ratzinger has mentioned that a Nazi mathematics professor arranged reduced tuition payments for him at [[seminary]]. This normally required documentation of attendance at Hitler Youth activities; however, according to Ratzinger, his sympathetic professor arranged things so that he did not have to attend to receive a scholarship. ===Military service (1943&ndash;1945)=== In [[1943]], when he was 16, Ratzinger was drafted with many of his classmates into the [[FlaK]] ([[anti-aircraft]] [[artillery]] corps). They guarded various facilities including a [[BMW]] aircraft engine plant north of Munich and, later, the jet fighter base at [[Gilching]], where Ratzinger served in telephone communications. After his class was released from the Corps in September [[1944]], Ratzinger was put to work setting up anti-tank defences in the [[Hungary|Hungarian]] border area of [[Austria]] in preparation for the expected [[Red Army]] offensive. When his unit was released from service in November [[1944]], he went home for three weeks, and then was drafted into the German army at Munich to receive basic [[infantry]] training in the nearby town of Traunstein. His unit served at various posts around the city and was never sent to the front. In late April or early May, 1945 days or weeks before the [[End of World War II in Europe|German surrender]], Ratzinger deserted. [[Desertion]] was widespread during the last weeks of the war, even though punishable by death (executions, frequently extrajudicial, continued to the end); diminished morale and the greatly diminished risk of prosecution from a preoccupied and disorganized German military contributed to the growing wave of soldiers looking toward self-preservation. On his way home he ran into soldiers on guard, but they let him go. When the Americans arrived in the village, all soldiers were taken [[prisoner of war|prisoners of war]]. Ratzinger was briefly interned in a [[prisoner-of-war camp]] near [[Ulm]] and was repatriated on [[June 19]], [[1945]]. The family was reunited when his brother, Georg, returned after being repatriated from a prisoner-of-war camp in Italy. ===Education (1946&ndash;1951)=== <!-- Please consider developing the separate article instead! This section is to be reduced in size. --> After he was repatriated in 1945, he and his brother entered Saint Michael Seminary in Traunstein, and then studied at the Ducal Georgianum (''Herzogliches Georgianum'') of the [[Ludwig-Maximilian University]] in Munich. According to an interview with Peter Seewald, he and his fellow students were particularly influenced by the works of [[Gertrud von le Fort]], [[Ernst Wiechert]], [[Fyodor Dostoyevsky]], [[Elisabeth Langgässer]], [[Theodor Steinbüchel]], [[Martin Heidegger]] and [[Karl Jaspers]]. The young Ratzinger saw the last three in particular as a break with the dominance of [[Neo-Kantianism]], with the key work being Steinbüchel's ''Die Wende des Denkens'' ("The Change in Thinking"). By the end of his studies he was drawn more to the active [[Augustine of Hippo|Saint Augustine]] than to [[Thomas Aquinas]], and among the [[scholastic]]s he was more interested in [[Saint Bonaventure]]. On [[June 29]], [[1951]], he and his brother were ordained by [[Michael Cardinal von Faulhaber]] of [[Munich]]. His dissertation ([[1953]]) was on Saint Augustine, entitled "The People and the House of God in Augustine's Doctrine of the Church," and his ''[[Habilitation]]sschrift'' (a dissertation which serves as qualification for a professorship) was on Saint Bonaventure. It was completed in [[1957]] and he became a professor of [[Freising]] College in [[1958]]. ==Early church career (1951&ndash;1981)== [[Image:Ratzingercelebratesmass.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Ratzinger as a young priest celebrates mass in Ruhpolding, Germany in 1952.]] [[Image:Jp1-foto035.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ratzinger offers an oath of submission at the September 1978 papal inauguration of John Paul I.]] [[Image:Leavingmunich1982feb28 DietherEndlicher.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ratzinger is given a formal farewell as he leaves the Archdiocese of Munich to become the new Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith on February 28, 1982.]] [[Image:Cardinal Ratzinger and Pope John Paul II.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ratzinger with John Paul II in 2003.]] [[Image:2004 katholische-akademie-habermas-ratzinger 1-799x533.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ratzinger debates with German philosopher [[Jürgen Habermas]] at the Catholic Academy of Bavaria, Germany in 2004.]] Ratzinger became a professor at the [[University of Bonn]] in [[1959]]; his inaugural lecture was on "The God of Faith and the God of Philosophy." In [[1963]] he moved to the [[University of Münster]], where his inaugural lecture was given in a packed lecture hall, as he was already well known as a theologian. At the [[Second Vatican Council]] ([[1962]]&ndash;[[1965]]), Ratzinger served as a ''peritus'' or theological consultant to [[Josef Cardinal Frings]] of [[Cologne]], Germany, and has continued to defend the council, including ''[[Nostra Aetate]],'' the document on respect of other religions and the declaration of the right to [[religious freedom]]. He was viewed during the time of the council as a reformer. (Later, as the [[Prefect for the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]], Ratzinger most clearly spelled out the Catholic Church's position on other religions in the document ''[[Dominus Iesus]]'' ([[2000]]) which also talks about the proper way to engage in ''[[ecumenical]] dialogue''.) In [[1966]], he took a chair in dogmatic theology at the [[University of Tübingen]], where he was a colleague of [[Hans Küng]]. In his [[1968]] book ''Introduction to Christianity'', he wrote that the pope has a duty to hear differing voices within the Church before making a decision, and downplayed the centrality of the papacy. He also wrote that the church of the time was too centralized, rule-bound and overly controlled from Rome. These sentences, however, did not appear in later editions of the book. During this time, he distanced himself from the atmosphere of Tübingen and the [[Marxism|Marxist]] leanings of the student movement of the [[1960s]], that in Germany quickly radicalised in the years [[1967]] and [[1968]], culminating in a series of disturbances and riots in April and May 1968. Ratzinger came increasingly to see these and associated developments (decreasing respect for authority among his students, the rise of the German [[gay rights]] movement) as related to a departure from traditional Catholic teachings. Increasingly, his views, despite his reformist bent, contrasted with those liberal ideas gaining currency in the theological academy.{{ref|nytimes_campus}} In [[1969]] he returned to Bavaria, to the University of [[Regensburg]]. In [[1972]], he founded the theological journal ''[[Communio]]'' with [[Hans Urs von Balthasar]], [[Henri de Lubac]], [[Walter Cardinal Kasper|Walter Kasper]] and others. ''Communio,'' now published in seventeen editions ([[German language|German]], [[English language|English]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]] and many others), has become one of the most important [[journal]]s of Catholic thought. He remains one of the journal's most prolific contributors. In March [[1977]] Ratzinger was named [[archbishop]] of [[Munich]] and [[Freising]]. According to his autobiography, ''Milestones'', he took as his episcopal motto ''Cooperatores Veritatis'', co-workers of the Truth, from [[Third Epistle of John|3 John]]: 8. In the [[consistory]] of June 1977 he was named a [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] by [[Pope Paul VI]]. By the time of the 2005 Conclave, he was one of only 14 remaining cardinals appointed by Paul VI, and one of only three of those under the age of 80, and one of only two who participated in the conclave, the other being Cardinal Baum. == Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (1981&ndash;2005) == [[Image:Cardinalratzinger C0NGR.0f faith.jpg|thumb|left|'''Cardinal Ratzinger'''. Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]] On [[November 25]], [[1981]], Pope John Paul II named Ratzinger prefect of the [[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]], formerly known as the [[Holy Office of the Inquisition]]. He resigned the Munich [[archdiocese]] in early [[1982]]. Already a cardinal priest, he was raised to Cardinal Bishop of Velletri-Segni in [[1993]]. He became vice-dean of the [[College of Cardinals]] in [[1998]], and dean in [[2002]]. In office, Ratzinger usually took traditional views on topics such as [[birth control]], [[homosexuality]], and [[Ecumenism|inter-religious dialogue]]. Among other things, he played a key role in silencing outspoken [[Liberation theology|liberation theologians]] and clergy in [[Latin America]] in the 1980s. (See also [[Theology of Pope Benedict XVI]].) ===Health=== In the early [[1990s]] Ratzinger suffered a [[stroke]] which slightly impaired his eyesight temporarily. The existence of the stroke had been known during the conclave that elected him pope. In May 2005, the Vatican revealed that he had subsequently suffered another mild stroke - it did not reveal when, other than that it occurred between 2003 and 2005. [[France]]'s [[Philippe Cardinal Barbarin]] further revealed that since the first stroke, Ratzinger has suffered from a heart condition. Because of his health problems, Ratzinger had hoped to retire, but had continued in his position in obedience to the wishes of Pope John Paul II.{{ref|SundayTimes}} ===Response to sex abuse scandal=== As Cardinal Ratzinger was Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF), the sexual abuse of minors by priests was his responsibility to investigate from 2001, when that charge was given to the CDF by Pope John Paul. {{ref|Observer-240505b_a}} On [[May 18]], [[2001]], Ratzinger, as part of the implementation of the norms enacted and promulgated {{ref|vatican_motu}} on [[April 30]] [[2001]] by Pope John Paul II, sent a [[Latin|Latin language]] letter {{ref|vatican_2001letter}} to every bishop in the Catholic Church reminding them of the strict penalties facing those who revealed confidential details concerning enquiries into allegations against priests of certain grave ecclesiastical crimes, including [[sexual abuse]], reserved to the jurisdiction of the CDF. The letter extended the prescription ([[statute of limitations]]) for these crimes to ten years. However, when the crime is sexual abuse of a minor, the "prescription begins to run from the day on that which the minor completes the eighteenth year of age." {{ref|vatican_norms}} Lawyers acting for two alleged victims of abuse in Texas claim that by sending the letter the cardinal conspired to obstruct justice. {{ref|Observer-240505a}} However, the letter did not discourage victims from reporting the abuse itself to the police; the secrecy related to the internal investigation. "The letter said the new norms reflected the CDF's traditional “exclusive competence” regarding ''delicta graviora''&mdash;Latin for “graver offenses.” According to [[canon law]] experts in Rome, reserving cases of clerical sexual abuse of minors to the CDF is something new. In past eras, some serious crimes by priests against sexual morality, including [[pedophilia]], were handled by that congregation or its predecessor, the Holy Office, but this has not been true in recent years." {{ref|CNSb}} The promulgation of the norms by Pope John Paul II and the subsequent letter by the then Prefect of the CDF were published in 2001 in ''Acta Apostolicae Sedis'' {{ref|AAS}} which, in accordance with the [[Canon law|Code of Canon Law]] {{ref|CIC}}, is the [[Holy See]]'s official journal, disseminated monthly to thousands of libraries and offices around the world. {{ref|CLI}} In [[2002]], Ratzinger accurately told the Catholic News Service that "less than one percent of priests are guilty of acts of this type." {{ref|ZE02120324}} Opponents saw this as ignoring the crimes of those who committed the abuse; others saw it as merely pointing out that this should not taint other priests who live respectable lives. {{ref|vatican_transcript}} A report by the Catholic Church itself estimated that some 4,450 of the Roman Catholic clergy who served between [[1950]] and [[2002]] have faced credible accusations of abuse. {{ref|Observer-240505b_c}} His [[Good Friday]] reflections in [[2005]] were interpreted as strongly condemning and regretting the abuse scandals, which largely put to rest the speculation of indifference. Shortly after his election, he told [[Francis Cardinal George]], the [[Archbishop of Chicago]], that he would attend to the matter. {{ref|Observer-240505b_d}} ===Dialogue with other faiths=== In [[2000]], the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith published a document entitled ''[[Dominus Iesus]]'' which reaffirmed the historic doctrine and mission of the Church to proclaim the Gospel. This was misunderstood by some who mistakenly believed that the Church had previously repudiated its unique role in the world. {{ref|theaustralian}} This document pointed out the danger to the Church of ''relativistic theories which seek to justify religious pluralism'' by denying that God has revealed truth to humanity. (par. 4) Addressing the question that one religion is as a good as another ([[syncretism]] or indifferentism) it states: ''...followers of other religions can receive divine grace, it is also certain that'' objectively speaking ''they are in a gravely deficient situation in comparison with those who, in the Church, have the fullness of the means of salvation.'' (par.22) The deliberate omission of [[filioque clause|"filioque" clause]] ("and the Son") in the first paragraph {{ref|www.vatican.va.640}} is seen as an outreach to [[Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] Church which has been in conflict with the [[Roman Catholic]] Church over its addition to the [[Nicene Creed]] for about one thousand years.{{ref|scoba}} The [[World Jewish Congress]] "welcomed" his election to the pontificate, noted "his great sensitivity to the Jewish history and the Holocaust," and quoted the Pope in its press release: :Even if the most recent, loathsome experience of the Shoah (Holocaust) was perpetrated in the name of an anti-Christian ideology, which tried to strike the Christian faith at its Abrahamic roots in the people of Israel, it cannot be denied that a certain insufficient resistance to this atrocity on the part of Christians can be explained by an inherited anti-Judaism present in the hearts of not a few Christians. {{ref|worldjewishcongress}} His Holiness the [[Dalai Lama]] congratulated Pope Benedict XVI upon his election. {{ref|phayul}} In an interview in [[2004]] for ''[[Le Figaro]]'' magazine, Ratzinger said [[Turkey]], a country [[Muslim]] by heritage and staunchly [[Secularism|secularist]] by its state constitution, should seek its future in an association of [[Islamic]] nations rather than the [[EU]], which has [[Christian]] roots. He said Turkey had always been "in permanent contrast to [[Europe]]" and that linking it to Europe would be a mistake.{{ref|csmonitor}} His defenders argue that it is to be expected that a leader within the Catholic Church would forcefully and explicitly argue in favor of the superiority of [[Catholicism]] over other religions. Others also maintain that single quotes from ''[[Dominus Iesus]]'' are not indicative of intolerance or an unwillingness to engage in dialogue with other [[faith]]s, and this is clear from a reading of the entire document. They point out that Ratzinger has been very active in promoting inter-faith dialogue. Specifically, they argue that Ratzinger has been instrumental at encouraging reconciliation with [[Lutheran]]s. In defending ''Dominus Iesus'', Ratzinger himself has stated that his belief is that inter-faith dialogue should take place on the basis of equal human dignity, but that equality of human dignity should not imply that each side is equally correct. ===Ratzinger and Fatima=== [[Image:JesusMagazine.jpg|thumb|125px|Ratzinger's Article]]Ratzinger has long been tied into the message of [[Our Lady of Fatima]] to three young [[Portugal|Portuguese]] children. Notably, until her death, [[Lúcia dos Santos]] was under orders from the Vatican not to discuss the Fatima revelations publicly unless given leave by Cardinal Ratzinger, one of seven people known to have read the actual ''Third Message'' put into writing in [[1944]], and author of the ''Theological Commentary on the Third Message'', one of four canon sourceworks kept alongside the Message. In 1984, an interview with Ratzinger was published in the [[Pauline Christianity|Pauline Sisters]] newsletter and that it deals with "dangers threatening the faith and the life of the Christian and therefore of the world", while stating that it marks the beginning of the [[Apocalypse|end-times]]. A year later the interview was re-published in ''The Ratzinger Report'', though several statements were omitted &mdash; either for editorial reasons, or clandestine conspiratorial reasons, depending on the party asked. In October 1987 he stated that "the things contained in [the] Third Secret correspond to what has been announced in Scripture and has been said again and again in many other Marian apparitions; first of all, that of Fatima in what is already known of what its message contains, conversion and penitence are the essential conditions for salvation". [[Image:BertoneAndRatzinger.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Ratzinger and Bertone at the press conference]]In 1997, Ratzinger and Capovilla publicly stated that the Third Message was ''not'' being withheld for fears it would condemn the changes of the [[Vatican II]] council. On [[June 26]] [[2000]], following the release of the text of the prophecy, Ratzinger issued a joint statement with [[Cardinal Bertone]] that the third and final chapter of [[Mary]]'s prophecy had been fulfilled in 1981 in a failed attempt on the Pope's life; critics point out however that a year after the attempted assassination, Lúcia told the Pope that the third prophecy had still not been fulfilled. He was quoted in the media as stating, "No great mystery is revealed; nor is the future unveiled. A careful reading of the text will probably prove disappointing." == Papacy == [[Image:Ratzingerpascha2005.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Not knowing that within a few weeks he would ascend the Throne of St. Peter himself, Ratzinger presided over the 2005 Easter Vigil Mass at St. Peter's Basilica in place of Pope John Paul II.]] === Election to the Papacy === ==== Prediction ==== On [[January 2]], [[2005]], ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine quoted unnamed Vatican sources as saying that Ratzinger was a frontrunner to succeed [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]] should the pope die or become too ill to continue as pope. On the death of [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]], the ''[[Financial Times]]'' gave the odds of Ratzinger becoming pope as 7&ndash;1, the lead position, but close to his rivals on the liberal wing of the church. In [[April 2005]], before his election as pope, he was identified as one of the [[List of TIME Magazine's 100 most influential people of 2005|100 most influential people in the world]] by ''Time'' magazine. Ratzinger himself had repeatedly stated he would like to retire to a Bavarian village and dedicate himself to writing books, but more recently, he told friends he was ready to "accept any charge God placed on him." Piers Paul Read wrote in ''[[The Spectator (1828)|The Spectator]]'' on [[March 5]], [[2005]]: :''There can be little doubt that his courageous promotion of orthodox Catholic teaching has earned him the respect of his fellow cardinals throughout the world. He is patently holy, highly intelligent and sees clearly what is at stake. Indeed, for those who blame the decline of Catholic practice in the developed world precisely on the propensity of many European bishops to hide their heads in the sand, a pope who confronts it may be just what is required. Ratzinger is no longer young&mdash;he is 78 years old: but Angelo Roncalli, who revolutionized Catholicism by calling the Second Vatican Council was almost the same age (76) when he became pope as [[Pope John XXIII|John XXIII]]. As Jeff Israely, the correspondent of Time, was told by a Vatican insider last month, "The Ratzinger solution is definitely on."'' However, Papal predictions in modern history had often been wrong, with the most popular candidates often losing the election in favor of a more unknown, obscure cardinal. ==== Election ==== [[Image:Pope Benedict XVI elected.jpg|thumb|250px|Benedict XVI appears on the balcony shortly after his election.]] [[Image:Pope Benedict Mass of Installation.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Benedict's installation mass on St. Peter's Square]] [[Image:Benedict sodano.jpg|thumb|left|150px|[[Angelo Cardinal Sodano]] kisses the ring of the new Pope for the first time at his installation mass]] On [[April 19]], [[2005]] Cardinal Ratzinger was elected as the successor to Pope John Paul II on the second day of the [[Papal conclave, 2005|papal conclave]] after four ballots. Coincidentally, [[April 19]] is the feast of St. [[Pope Leo IX|Leo IX]], a German pope who instituted major reforms in the [[Middle Ages]] during his papacy. Cardinal Ratzinger had hoped to retire peacefully and said that "At a certain point, I prayed to God 'please don't do this to me'...Evidently, this time He didn't listen to me." {{ref|CNNquote}} Before his first appearance at the balcony of [[Saint Peter's Basilica]] after becoming pope, he was announced by the [[Jorge Cardinal Medina Estévez]], protodeacon of the College of Cardinals. Cardinal Medina Estévez first addressed the massive crowd as "dear(est) brothers and sisters" in Italian, Spanish, French, German and English &mdash; each language receiving cheers from the international crowd &mdash; before continuing with the traditional ''[[Habemus Papam]]'' announcement in Latin. At the balcony, Benedict's first words to the crowd, before he gave the traditional ''[[Urbi et Orbi]]'' blessing, were: :''Dear brothers and sisters, after the great Pope John Paul II, the Cardinals have elected me, a simple and humble labourer in the vineyard of the Lord.'' :''The fact that the Lord knows how to work and to act even with inadequate instruments comforts me, and above all I entrust myself to your prayers.'' :''In the joy of the Risen Lord, let us move forward, confident of his unfailing help. The Lord will help us and Mary, his Most Holy Mother, will be on our side. Thank you.'' (translation from original Italian). He then gave the blessing to the people. ===Choice of name=== The choice of the name Benedict (Latin "the blessed") is significant. Benedict XVI used his first [[General Audience]] in St. Peter's Square, on [[April 27]], [[2005]], to explain to the world on why he chose the name: :''"Filled with sentiments of awe and thanksgiving, I wish to speak of why I chose the name Benedict. Firstly, I remember [[Pope Benedict XV]], that courageous prophet of peace, who guided the Church through turbulent times of war. In his footsteps I place my ministry in the service of reconciliation and harmony between peoples. Additionally, I recall [[Saint Benedict]] of Norcia, co-patron of Europe, whose life evokes the Christian roots of Europe. I ask him to help us all to hold firm to the centrality of Christ in our Christian life: May Christ always take first place in our thoughts and actions!" ''{{ref|vatican_FirstGenAud}} === Early days of Papacy === [[Image:Coabxvi.png|thumb|right|Papal Arms of Pope Benedict XVI. The [[papal tiara]] was replaced with a bishop's [[mitre]], and [[pallium]] of the Pope was added beneath the coat of arms.]] Pope Benedict has confounded the expectations of many in the early days of his papacy by his gentle public persona and his promise to listen. It is notable that he has used an open [[popemobile]], saying that he wants to be closer to the people. [[Coat of arms of Pope Benedict XVI|Benedict's coat of arms]] have officially omitted the [[papal tiara]], traditionally appearing in the background to designate the Pope's position and replaced it with a simple [[mitre]].{{ref|coatofarms}} However, there have been papal documents since his inauguration that have been appearing with the papal tiara present. Since it is the shield and not the background which is unique to the individual Pope, various backgrounds are possible (though rarely used) for even a single shield. During his inaugural Mass, the previous custom of all the cardinals submitting was replaced by having 12 people, representing cardinals, clergy, religious, a married couple and their child, and newly [[confirmation|confirmed]] people, submit to him. However, all the cardinals had already sworn their obedience upon his election. In a return to tradition, Benedict chose to resurrect the ancient tradition of the red [[papal shoes]] and to delegate the celebration of the beatification liturgies. ===Teachings=== As Pope, Benedict XVI's main role is to teach about the Catholic faith and the solutions to the problems of the faith, a role that he can play well being a former head of the Church's Congregation of the Faith. The emphases of his teachings are stated in more detail in [[Theology of Pope Benedict XVI]]. ====Friendship with Jesus Christ==== According to commentators, during the Inaugural Mass, the core of his message, the most moving and famous part, is found in the last paragraph of his homily where he referred to both Jesus Christ and John Paul II. After referring to John Paul II's well-known words (Do not be afraid! Open wide the doors for Christ!), Benedict XVI says: :Are we not perhaps all afraid in some way? If we let Christ enter fully into our lives, if we open ourselves totally to him, are we not afraid that He might take something away from us?...And once again the Pope said: No! If we let Christ into our lives, we lose nothing, nothing, absolutely nothing of what makes life free, beautiful and great. No! Only in this friendship do we experience beauty and liberation....When we give ourselves to him, we receive a hundredfold in return. Yes, open, open wide the doors to Christ – and you will find true life. [http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/homilies/documents/hf_ben-xvi_hom_20050424_inizio-pontificato_en.html] "Friendship with Jesus Christ" is a theme of his preaching which is found in many of his homilies and his addresses. For example, his address to the priests of Rome, his diocese as bishop: [http://www.ewtn.com/library/PAPALDOC/B16CLERO.HTM] and to the cardinals in the pre-conclave, a key public address to the Church's top leaders: [http://www.ewtn.com/pope/words/conclave_homily.asp] ===="Dictatorship of relativism"==== Continuing what he said in the pre-conclave Mass about what he has often referred to as the "central problem of our faith today": [http://www.ewtn.com/library/CURIA/RATZRELA.HTM] the world "moving towards a dictatorship of [[relativism]]", [http://www.nationalcatholicreporter.org/word/wyd082105.htm] on June 6, 2005 he also said: :"Today, a particularly insidious obstacle to the task of education is the massive presence in our society and culture of that [[relativism]] which, recognizing nothing as definitive, leaves as the ultimate criterion only the self with its desires. And under the semblance of freedom it becomes a prison for each one, for it separates people from one another, locking each person into his or her own ' He also traced the failed revolutions and ideologies of the 20th century to a conversion of partial points of view into absolute guides: "''Absolutizing what is not absolute but relative is called totalitarianism,''" he said during World Youth Day. In an address to a conference of the Diocese of Rome held at [[St. John Lateran]] basilica on [[June 6]], 2005, Benedict remarked on the issues of [[same-sex marriage]] and [[abortion]]: :''"The various forms of the dissolution of matrimony today, like free unions, trial marriages and going up to pseudo-matrimonies by people of the same sex, are rather expressions of an anarchic freedom that wrongly passes for true freedom of man...from here it becomes all the more clear how contrary it is to human love, to the profound vocation of man and woman, to systematically close their union to the gift of life, and even worse to suppress or tamper with the life that is born," he said.''{{ref|AP}} ===Curial appointments=== Upon becoming Pope, Benedict reappointed all former officers of the [[Roman Curia]] under John Paul II to new terms, their terms having ended with the papacy. This assured an easy transition into new government. The highest of those appointments are those considered to be Benedict XVI's [[prime minister]]s: [[Angelo Cardinal Sodano]] of [[Italy]] who serves as [[Cardinal Secretary of State]] and [[Edmund Cardinal Szoka]] of the [[United States]] who serves as [[Governor of Vatican City]]. Benedict XVI's only major new appointment was that of his successor as Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. Early speculation included the names of [[Christoph Cardinal Schönborn]], [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vienna|Archbishop of Vienna]] in [[Austria]] and [[Francis Cardinal George]], [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago|Archbishop of Chicago]] in the United States. Both were renowned for their knowledge of Church doctrine and were considered among the more conservative members of the College of Cardinals. On [[May 13]], [[2005]], Benedict XVI appointed a non-Cardinal, [[William Joseph Levada]], [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Francisco|Archbishop of San Francisco]] in the United States. Renowned for his knowledge of Church doctrine due to his office as principal editor of the current [[Catechism of the Catholic Church]], Levada is considered by some to be even more staunchly conservative than all the Pope's choices within the College of Cardinals. Levada relinquishes his [[episcopal see|see]] in San Francisco on [[August 17]], [[2005]] and is expected to be raised in consistory to the title of Cardinal. Due to the immense influence wielded by the office of Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith&mdash;arguably more immense than that of the Pope's own prime ministers&mdash;Benedict XVI's appointment of an American in effect raises the United States into greater prominence in the universal Church. That fact sparked many fears that the United States was being given too much power in the Church; people worldwide generally express uneasiness that the United States already dominates global politics. It is for that reason that Americans are never considered [[papabile]]. === Beatifications === [[Image:Popebenedictxvi lei.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Benedict XVI oversaw his first beatification on May 14, 2005, honoring Mother Marianne Cope of Hawaii with the title ''Blessed''. He wore a traditional Hawaiian maile lei as a [[stole]] for the occasion.]] On [[May 13]], [[2005]], Benedict XVI made his first promulgation of the [[beatification]] process. The honoree of the process was his predecessor, John Paul II. Normally five years pass before the beatification process begins for a person after his or her death but due to the popularity of John Paul II &mdash; devotees chanted "Santo subito!" meaning "Saint now!" during the late pontiff's funeral &mdash; Benedict XVI waived the custom and officially styled the late pope with the title given to all those being scrutinized in the beatification process, ''[[Servant of God]]''. Upon the confirmation after scrutiny that the late pontiff's life is found morally clean and manifests heroic virtues, a decree of heroicity will be proclaimed and John Paul II will be declared ''[[Venerable]]'' on the road to beatification. Before changes in [[canon law]] in [[1917]], the title ''Venerable'' was given at the same time a person was declared ''Servant of God''. Upon the confirmation of [[miracle]]s attributed to the honoree, John Paul II would then be declared ''[[Blessed]]''. A person is strictly prohibited from being officially celebrated in [[mass (liturgy)|Mass]] until he or she achieves the title of ''Blessed''. The next day, on [[May 14]], Benedict XVI made his first official beatification, raising [[Mother Marianne Cope]] &mdash; who served with [[Blessed Damien of Molokai]] helping those suffering from [[leprosy]] in what is now the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu|Diocese of Honolulu]] in [[Hawaii]] &mdash; to the title of "Blessed Marianne of Molokai." She was the first addition to the [[calendar of saints]] by Benedict XVI announcing an optional feast to be celebrated in her honor annually on [[January 23]]. Blessed Damien and Blessed Marianne are the [[patron saint|patrons]] of [[HIV]]/[[AIDS]] and [[outcast]]s. Both are expected to become the first saints of the [[Hawaiian Islands]]. [[Mother Ascensión Nicol Goñi]] was also beatified on the same day. Unlike his predecessor, Benedict XVI delegated the beatification liturgical service to a principal aide, [[José Cardinal Saraiva Martins]], Prefect of the [[Congregation for the Causes of Saints]]. It was noted by Vatican watchers that the practice of delegating prominent functions enjoyed by the late John Paul II would become the norm for Benedict XVI, who seems to prefer the duties of Church manager as opposed to having more of a public face. This may also reflect the need for Benedict to maintain a more restricted public appearance schedule, due to his recent health history, which may be described as resulting from age related illnesses. [[Image:Pope16mass.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Pope Benedict XVI participated in a Mass attended by 800,000 people in Cologne, Germany, during the World Youth Day. This marked the pontiff's first apostolic journey.]] On [[June 16]], [[2005]], it was learned that the planned beatification of a French priest, Fr. [[Leon Dehon]], had been suspended by the Vatican after complaints about anti-Semitism in his writings. The Vatican decided to further study the life and writings of the Fr. Dehon, who died in 1925 and who had founded the priests of the Sacred Heart of Jesus religious order. The beatification was postponed originally due to the death of [[Pope John Paul II]] on [[April 2]], [[2005]]. The move came after a French Catholic newspaper, ''La Croix'', reported that some of his writings contained anti-Semitic passages. ''La Croix'' quoted his writings as saying Jews were "united in their hatred of Jesus" and were enemies of Christians, and that anti-Semitism was a "sign of hope." The possibility of declaring Fr. Dehon a saint has been under consideration by the church for decades. The process began formally in 1939. The church declared his virtues in 1983, and John Paul gave him the title "venerable" in 1997 after the church ruled that an electrician in Brazil had been miraculously cured of an illness in 1954 after prayers were directed to him. However, France's government had put the Vatican on notice that it would not send a representative to the beatification, and the French bishops' conference urged the Vatican to act with caution, according to French newspaper reports. {{ref|Washington_postJune16}}. For many in the Catholic community who had been concerned about the rapidity of the beatification process during the reign of [[Pope John Paul II]], this incident seemed to indicate that the management of the practice of making saints will be more measured and, possibly, less inclined to speed up the process. On [[June 19]], [[2005]], Benedict XVI beatified Father [[Władysław Findysz]], a martyr of the [[Communist]] regime, Father [[Bronisław Markiewicz]], the founder of the [[Congregation of St. Michael]], and Father [[Ignacy Kłopotowski]], the founder of the [[Congregation of the Sisters of Loreto]]. Benedict XVI had delegated [[Józef Cardinal Glemp]] of [[Warsaw]] to preside over the beatification liturgy, which took place at [[Piłsudski Square]] in Warsaw. The beatifications were originally scheduled for [[April 24]] [[2005]], however they were delayed due to the death of [[Pope John Paul II]]. Pope John Paul II also started the process of the beatifications of the above Poles, but Benedict XVI had to complete the process. === Canonisations === The first Mass of Canonisation for Benedict XVI is scheduled for [[October 23]], [[2005]] in [[St. Peter's Square]]. Benedict XVI will bestow the honour of Sainthood to: [[Józef Bilczewski]] of [[Poland]] and [[Ukraine]], Archbishop of Lviv ([[Lwów]]); [[Gaetano Catanoso]] of Italy, priest and founder of the [[Congregation of the Daughters of St. Veronica]] (also known as the Missionaries of the Holy Face); [[Zygmunt Gorazdowski]] of Poland and Ukraine, priest and founder of the [[Congregation of Sisters of St. Joseph]]; [[Alberto Hurtado Cruchaga]] of [[Chile]], priest of the [[Society of Jesus]], and [[Felice Da Nicosia]] of [[Italy]], lay member of the [[Capuchins]]. === Apostolic journeys === # '''Italy''' ([[May 29]], [[2005]]): Pope Benedict visited the Italian port of [[Bari]] and pledged to make the reconciliation with the [[Eastern Orthodoxy|Eastern Orthodox Church]] a "fundamental" commitment of his papacy. Benedict made the pledge in a city closely tied to the Orthodox Church. Bari, on Italy’s Adriatic coast, is considered a “bridge” between East and West and is home to the relics of [[Saint Nicholas|St. Nicholas of Myra]], a 4th-century saint who is one of the most popular in both the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches. The Pope referred to Bari as a "land of meeting and dialogue" with the Orthodox Church in his homily at a Mass that closed a national religious conference. It was his first pilgrimage outside Rome since being elected the 265th leader of the Roman Catholic Church on [[April 19]]. # '''Germany''' ([[August 18]] to [[August 21]], [[2005]]): The Pope arrived in Germany on [[August 18]] in order to participate in the [[World Youth Day 2005|20th World Youth Day]] in [[Cologne]]. There he met with President [[Horst Köhler]], Chancellor [[Gerhard Schröder]], leader of the Opposition [[Angela Merkel]] and others, and visited the famous [[Cologne Cathedral]]. The Pope visited the [[synagogue]] of the Jewish community in Cologne, which is the oldest Jewish community in the world north of the Alps. After [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]], he thus is only the third Pontiff, including [[St. Peter]], (the second in modern times) known to officially visit a synagogue. He also spoke with representatives of the Muslim and Protestant communities of Cologne. On [[August 21]] he led a mass at Marienfeld with about 800,000 youths present. ==See also== {{wikiquote}} {{wikisource author}} {{commons|Benedictus XVI}} {{wikinews|German Cardinal Ratzinger elected Pope Benedict XVI}} *[[Georg Gänswein]] - private secretary *''[[Dominus Iesus]]'' - document written by Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith * [[Three Secrets of Fatima|The Message of Fatima]] - document on the purported release of the Third Secret of Fatima *[[Pope Benedict]] - list of other popes and antipopes using the name *[[Prophecy of the Popes]] - document by Saint Malachy *[[Theology of Pope Benedict XVI]] - philosophical and theological beliefs of Pope Benedict XVI *[[Works of Pope Benedict XVI]] - literature written by Pope Benedict XVI ==Notes== <!-- Instructions for adding a footnote. NOTE: Footnotes in this article use names, not numbers, see [[Wikipedia:Footnote3]] for details. 1) Assign your footnote a unique name, for example TheSun_Dec9. 2) Add the macro {{ref|TheSun_Dec9}} to the body of the article, where you want the new footnote. 3) Put footnotes in the order they appear in the body. Avoid duplicates. --> <!-- # {{note|YahooCats}} Matthew Schofield, "[http://www.realcities.com/mld/krwashington/11455054.htm In German town, Benedict XVI known for love of cats, conversation]," ''Knight Ridder'', April 21, 2005. --> # {{note|timesonline_a}} Justin Sparks, John Follain, and Christopher Morgan, "[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2089-1572667,00.html Papal hopeful is a former Hitler Youth]," ''The Sunday Times'', April 17, 2005. # {{note|iht_demotions}} Richard Bernstein, and Mark Landler, "[http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/04/21/news/portrait.html A cardinal's visit put boy on path to the Vatican]," ''New York Times'', April 22, 2005. # {{note|nytimes_faith}} Richard Bernstein, and Mark Landler, "[http://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/22/international/worldspecial2/22germany.html?pagewanted=1&adxnnl=1&adxnnlx=1114340564-13zVUfWUfsfMLXhqWFxrDA A future pope is recalled: A lover of cats and Mozart, dazzled by church as a boy]," ''New York Times'', April 22, 2005. # {{note|HistoryPlace}} "[http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/hitleryouth/hj-prelude.htm Hitler Youth: Prelude to War (1933&ndash;1938)]," The History Place. # {{note|nytimes_campus}} Daniel J Wakin, "[http://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/24/international/worldspecial2/24ratzinger.html?position=&incamp=article_popular_5&pagewanted=print&position= Turbulence on Campus in 60's Hardened Views of Future Pope]," ''New York Times'', April 24, 2005 (accessed June 8, 2005) # {{note|SundayTimes}} [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2089-1592856,00.html "Pope has had second stroke"], ''The Sunday Times'', (London) May 1, 2005. # {{note|Observer-240505b_a}} Jamie Doward, "[http://observer.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,6903,1469005,00.html The Pope, the letter and the child sex claim]," ''The Guardian'', April 24, 2005. # {{note|vatican_motu}} ''[http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/motu_proprio/documents/hf_jp-ii_motu-proprio_20020110_sacramentorum-sanctitatis-tutela_lt.html Sacramentorum sanctitatis tutela]'', The Vatican, April 30, 2001. # {{note|vatican_2001letter}} ''[http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_20010518_epistula_graviora%20delicta_lt.html Epistula ad totius Catholicae Ecclesiae Episcopos aliosque Ordinarios et Hierarchas interesse habentes de delictis gravioribus eidem Congregationi pro Doctrina Fidei reservatis]'', The Vatican, May 18, 2001. # {{note|vatican_norms}} [http://www.bishop-accountability.org/resources/resource-files/churchdocs/SacramentorumAndNormaeEnglish.htm www.bishop-accountability.org] Unofficial translation of ''Sacramentorum sanctitatis tutela'' by the USCCB and a translation of the Norms by Gregory Ingels, both revised by Joseph R. Punderson and Charles J. Scicluna. The new norms (like the American norms) consider a minor to be anyone under the age of 18&mdash;a wider definition than in the Code of Canon Law, where minors are below the age of 16. # {{note|Observer-240505a}} Jamie Doward, "[http://observer.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,6903,1469055,00.html Pope 'obstructed' sex abuse inquiry]," ''The Guardian'', April 24, 2005. # {{note|CNSb}} "[http://www.americamagazine.org/catholicnews.cfm?articleTypeID=29&textID=1352&issueID=355 Signs of the Times: Doctrinal Congregation Takes Over Priestly Pedophilia Cases]", ''Catholic News Service'', December 17, 2001. # {{note|AAS}} ''[[Acta Apostolicae Sedis]]'' 93 (2001): 737&ndash;39, 785&ndash;88. # {{note|CIC}} [http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/__P3.HTM Code of Canon Law: Canon 8, §1], The Vatican. # {{note|CLI}} [http://mywebpages.comcast.net/enpeters/blog.htm CanonLaw.info], April 29, 2005 update to ''Much Ado About Nothing'' by Dr Edward Peters, JCD, JD # {{note|ZE02120324}} "[http://www.zenit.org/english/visualizza.phtml?sid=28487 Cardinal Ratzinger ... Sees Agenda Behind the Reporting in U.S.]," ''Zenit News Agency'', December 3, 2002. # {{note|vatican_transcript}} [http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/2005/via_crucis/en/station_09.html Vatican Transcript of Meditation on the Ninth Station of the Cross], The Vatican. # {{note|Observer-240505b_c}} See note 8 above. # {{note|Observer-240505b_d}} See note 8 above. # {{note|theaustralian}} Justin Sparks, and John Follain, "[http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5744,15003155%255E39835,00.html Nazi link may dog favourite]," ''The Australian'', April 18, 2005. # {{note|www.vatican.va.640}} {{Web reference_simple | title= the official Latin text | URL=http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_20000806_dominus-iesus_lt.html | date= July 7 | year= 2005 }} # {{note|scoba}} "[http://www.scoba.us/resources/filioque-p02.asp The Filioque: A Church-dividing Issue? An agreed statement of the North American Orthodox-Catholic Theological Consultation]", ''[[North American Orthodox-Catholic Theological Consultation]]'', October 25, 2003. # {{note|worldjewishcongress}} "[http://www.worldjewishcongress.org/nfo/article.cfm?id=3908 Election of Cardinal Ratzinger as new Pope welcomed]," ''World Jewish Congress'', April 19, 2005. # {{note|phayul}} "[http://www.phayul.com/news/article.aspx?id=9643&article=His+Holiness+the+Dalai+Lama+Greets+New+Pope His Holiness the Dalai Lama Greets New Pope]," Phayul.com, April 20, 2005; [http://english.chosun.com/w21data/html/news/200504/200504200016.html Korean Catholics Welcome New Pontiff]," english.chosun.com, April 20, 2005. # {{note|csmonitor}} Jim Bencivenga, "[http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/0422/dailyUpdate.html Navigating a clash of civilizations: Examining the new pope's old comments on Turkey's entry into the European Union]," ''Christian Science Monitor'', April 22, 2005. # {{note|CNNquote}} [http://www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/europe/04/25/pope.monday/ http://www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/europe/04/25/pope.monday/] Quote from a CNN Interview, April 25, 2005. # {{note|vatican_FirstGenAud}} [http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/audiences/2005/documents/hf_ben-xvi_aud_20050427_en.html Pope Benedict XVI's General Audience Speech], The Vatican, April 27, 2005. # {{note|coatofarms}} [http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/elezione/stemma-benedict-xvi_en.html Coat of Arms of His Holiness Benedict XVI], The Vatican. # {{note|AP}} Nicole Winfield, "[http://www.guardian.co.uk/worldlatest/story/0,1280,-5056168,00.html Pope Benedict XVI condemns same-sex unions]," ''The Guardian'', June 6, 2005. # {{note|Washington_postJune16}} Alan Cooperman, "[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/06/15/AR2005061502305.html Pope Halts Beatification of French Priest]", ''Washington Post'', June 16, 2005. <!--READ ME!! PLEASE DO NOT JUST ADD NEW NOTES AT THE BOTTOM. See the instructions above on ordering. --> == Books and theological writings == :''Main article (with original titles and English translations): [[Works of Pope Benedict XVI]]'' *''Called to Communion: Understanding the Church Today.'' 1996. *''Eschatology: Death and Eternal Life.'' Dogmatic Theology series. Michael Waldstein, Trans. 1988. *''God and the World: A Conversation with Peter Seewald.'' 2002. *''God Is Near Us: The Eucharist, the Heart of Life.'' 2003. *''In the Beginning….: A Catholic Understanding of the Story of Creation and the Fall.'' 1995. *''Introduction to Christianity.'' 1968, new edition 2000. *''Journey to Easter.'' (Forthcoming) *''Many Religions, One Covenant: Israel, The Church, and the World.'' 1999. *''Milestones: Memoirs 1927-1977.'' 1998. *''Ratzinger Report: An Exclusive Interview on the State of the Church.'' 1985. *''Salt of the Earth: The Church at the End of the Millennium, An Interview With Peter Seewald.'' 1997. *''Spirit of the Liturgy.'' 2000. *''Truth and Tolerance: Christian Belief and World Religions.'' 2004. *''Values in a Time of Upheaval.'' (Forthcoming) ==Literature== * Allen, John L.: ''Cardinal Ratzinger: the Vatican's enforcer of the faith''. &ndash; New York: Continuum, 2000 * Nichols OP, Aidan: ''Theology of Joseph Ratzinger''. &ndash; Edinburgh; T&T Clark, 1988 * Wagner, Karl: ''Kardinal Ratzinger: der Erzbischof in München und Freising in Wort und Bild''. &ndash; München : Pfeiffer, 1977 * Pater Prior Maximilian Heim: ''Joseph Ratzinger - Kirchliche Existenz und existenzielle Theologie unter dem Anspruch von Lumen gentium'' (diss.). * Herrmann, Horst: ''Benedikt XVI. Der neue Papst aus Deutschland''. &ndash; Berlin 2005 ==Biographies== * Allen, John L. (2005) ''Pope Benedict XVI: A Biography of Joseph Ratzinger'' New York: Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 0826417868 * Bardazzi, Marco (2005) ''In the Vineyard of the Lord : The Life, Faith, and Teachings of Joseph Ratzinger, Pope Benedict XV'' New York: Rizzoli International. ISBN 0847828018 * Bunson, Matthew. (2005) ''We Have a Pope! Benedict XVI'' Huntington IN: Our Sunday Visitor. ISBN 1592761801 * Tobin, Greg. (2005) ''Holy Father : Pope Benedict XVI: Pontiff for a New Era'' Sterling. ISBN 1402731728 ==External links and references== ===Official=== *[http://www.vatican.va Vatican: the Holy See] &ndash; Vatican web site *[http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/index.htm The Holy See - The Holy Father - Benedict XVI] &ndash; Vatican web site about the Holy Father Benedict XVI *[http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/elezione/index_en.htm Vatican: Election] Vatican web page about election * ''[http://www.communio-icr.com/ Communio]'' magazine, founded by Ratzinger and others. Contains recent articles by him. *Official email address: [mailto:benedictxvi@vatican.va] (see [http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/elezione/index_en.htm link 'Greetings to the Holy Father']) ===Biographical=== *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4445279.stm Pope Benedict XVI: BBC Profile] *[http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,1558777,00.html Deutsche Welle Dossier on Benedict XVI] *[http://washingtontimes.com/upi-breaking/20050401-033437-4653r.htm Washington Times Analysis: Ratzinger in the ascendance] *[http://www.wsws.org/articles/2005/apr2005/pope-a22.shtml WSWS.org - Pope Benedict XVI’s political resume: theocracy and social reaction] *[http://www.natcath.com/NCR_Online/archives/041699/041699a.htm The Vatican’s Enforcer] &ndash; The National Catholic Reporter's 1999 Cover Story on the history of then Cardinal Ratzinger *[http://www.catholicculture.org/docs/doc_view.cfm?recnum=663 World War II years] ===The first days of his papacy=== *[http://www.punditguy.com/2005/04/german_pope.html Pope News Roundup] *[http://www.americancatholic.org/news/BenedictXVI American Catholic - Pope Benedict XVI Starts His Papacy] *[http://www.angelfire.com/tv2/benedictxvi/ Cardinal Jorge Arturo Medina Estevez announcing Habemus Papam (We have a Pope!)] ([[Windows Media Player]] Video). *[http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/programmes/misc/papal_inauguration.shtml BBC audio of ''The Inauguration Mass of Pope Benedict XVI''] from Sunday 24th April ===General=== *[http://www.popebenedictxvifanclub.com/index.html The Pope Benedict XVI Fan Club] (see also [http://www.ratzingerfanclub.com/ The Cardinal Ratzinger Fan Club]) *[http://thepopeblog.blogspot.com The Pope Blog: Pope Benedict XVI] *[http://catholicapologeticsofamerica.blogspot.com/ Catholic Apologetics of America] *[http://www.ratzinger.it Amici di Joseph Ratzinger] (in Italian) *[http://www.vatikan-news.org Portal Papst Benedikt XVI.] (in German) *[http://www.papst-benedikt.be Papst News: Papst Benedikt XVI] (in German) *[http://www.cardinalrating.com/cardinal_84.htm Ratzinger page at www.cardinalrating.com] *[http://www.repubblica.it/2005/g/sezioni/spettacoli_e_cultura/harrypotter/harrypotter/harrypotter.html About his hostility toward Harry Potter books] (in Italian) {{Episcopal_Succession | | date of consecration=[[May 28]], [[1977]] | consecrated by=[[Josef Stangl]] | bishopconsecrated1 = bishopconsecrated1 | bishop 1=[[Alberto Cardinal Bovone]] | consecration date 1=[[May 12]].[[1984]] | bishopconsecrated2 = bishopconsecrated2 | bishop 2=[[Zygmunt Zimowski]] | consecration date 2=[[May 25]]. [[2002]] | bishopconsecrated3 = bishopconsecrated3 | bishop 3=[[Josef Clemens]] | consecration date 3=[[January 6]], [[2004]] | bishopconsecrated4 = bishopconsecrated4 | bishop 4=[[Bruno Forte]] | consecration date 4=[[September 8]], [[2004]] | bishopconsecrated5 = null | bishop 5= | consecration date 5= | bishopconsecrated6 = null | bishop 6= | consecration date 6= | bishopconsecrated7 = null | bishop 7= | consecration date 7= | bishopconsecrated8 = null | bishop 8= | consecration date 8= | bishopconsecrated9 = null | bishop 9= | consecration date 9= | bishopconsecrated10 = null | bishop 10= | consecration date 10= | bishopconsecrated11 = null | bishop 11= | consecration date 11= | bishopconsecrated12 = null | bishop 12= | consecration date 12= | bishopconsecrated13 = null | bishop 13= | consecration date 13= | bishopconsecrated14 = null | bishop 14= | consecration date 14= | bishopconsecrated15 = null | bishop 15= | consecration date 15= | bishopconsecrated16 = null | bishop 16= | consecration date 16= | bishopconsecrated17 = null | bishop 17= | consecration date 17= | bishopconsecrated18 = null | bishop 18= | consecration date 18= | bishopconsecrated19 = null | bishop 19= | consecration date 19= | bishopconsecrated20 = null | bishop 20= | consecration date 20= }} <center> {{start box}} {{succession box | before=[[Julius Cardinal Döpfner]] | title=[[Archdiocese of Munich and Freising|Archbishop of Munich and Freising]] | years=[[1977]]&ndash;[[1982]] | after=[[Friedrich Cardinal Wetter]] }} {{succession box | before=[[Franjo Šeper|Franjo Cardinal Šeper]] | title=[[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith|Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]] | years=[[1981]]&ndash;[[2005]] | after=[[William Joseph Levada]] }} {{succession box | before=[[Bernardin Cardinal Gantin]] | title=[[Dean of the College of Cardinals]] | years=[[2002]]&ndash;[[2005]] | after=[[Angelo Cardinal Sodano]] }} {{succession box | before=[[Pope John Paul II|<!-- please do not insert "the Servant of God"; this has been discussed on the Talk Page -->John Paul II]] | title=[[List of Popes|Pope]] | years=[[2005]]&ndash;''present'' | after=''incumbent''}} {{end box}} </center> <!--Categories--> [[Category:Bapapu|Benwa 16]] [[Category:Bapapu ya Alemania|Benwa 16]] [[Category:Bakonzi bikolo ya lelo|Benwa 16]] [[Category:Bantomá ya lelo|Benwa 16]] [[Category:Papu Benwa XVI| ]] [[Category:Mabotami ya 1927|Benwa 16]] [[Category:Basali teologi ya Alemania|Benwa 16]] <!--Interlanguage links--> {{Link FA|no}} {{Link FA|no}} [[ar:بينيدكت السادس عشر]] [[ast:Benedictu XVI]] [[bg:Бенедикт XVI]] [[zh-min-nan:Benedictus 16-sè]] [[ca:Benet XVI]] [[cs:Benedikt XVI.]] [[cy:Pab Benedict XVI]] [[da:Pave Benedikt 16.]] [[de:Benedikt XVI.]] [[et:Benedictus XVI]] [[el:Πάπας Βενέδικτος ΙΣΤ']] [[es:Benedicto XVI]] [[eo:Benedikto la 16-a]] [[fo:Benadikt XVI]] [[fr:Benoît XVI]] [[fur:Pape Benedet XVI]] [[ga:Pápa Beinidict XVI]] [[gl:Benedito XVI]] [[ko:교황 베네딕토 16세]] [[hi:जोज़फ़ रैत्सिंगर]] [[hr:Benedikt XVI.]] [[io:Benedictus 16ma]] [[id:Paus Benediktus XVI]] [[is:Benedikt XVI]] [[it:Papa Benedetto XVI]] [[he:בנדיקטוס השישה עשר]] [[la:Benedictus XVI]] [[lt:Benediktas XVI]] [[lb:Benoît XVI. (Poopst)]] [[li:Benedictus XVI]] [[hu:XVI. Benedek]] [[ms:Paus Benedict XVI]] [[mo:Папа Бенедикт ал ⅩⅥ-ля]] [[nl:Paus Benedictus XVI]] [[ja:ベネディクト16世 (ローマ教皇)]] [[no:Benedikt XVI]] [[nn:Pave Benedikt XVI]] [[pl:Papież Benedykt XVI]] [[pt:Papa Bento XVI]] [[ro:Papa Benedict al XVI-lea]] [[ru:Бенедикт XVI (Папа Римский)]] [[sco:Pape Benedict XVI]] [[sh:Benedikt XVI]] [[scn:Binidittu XVI]] [[simple:Pope Benedict XVI]] [[sk:Benedikt XVI.]] [[sl:Papež Benedikt XVI.]] [[sr:Папа Бенедикт XVI]] [[fi:Benedictus XVI]] [[sv:Benedictus XVI]] [[tl:Papa Benito XVI]] [[ta:போப் பெனடிக்ட் XVI]] [[th:สมเด็จพระสันตะปาปาเบเนดิกต์ที่ 16]] [[tpi:Benedict XVI]] [[uk:Бенедикт XVI]] [[zh:本篤十六世]] 6760 2005-11-05T18:30:04Z Blockinblox 38 {{lingála tɛ́}} {{lingála tɛ́}} {{bobóngoli na nkóta}} {{Infobox Pope | English name = Benedict XVI| image = [[Image:Popebenedictxvi firsttimeonthrone.jpg|200px|]]| birth_name = Joseph Alois Ratzinger| term_start = [[April 19]], [[2005]]| term_end = ''[[Incumbent]]''| predecessor = [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]]| successor = ''[[Incumbent]]''| birth_date = [[April 16]], [[1927]]| birthplace = [[Marktl am Inn]], [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]| dead = alive| death_date = | deathplace = | }} {{infobox popestyles| papal name=Pope Benedict XVI| dipstyle=[[His Holiness]]| offstyle=Your Holiness| relstyle=Holy Father| deathstyle=not applicable|}} '''Pope Benedict XVI''' ([[Ecclesiastical Latin|Latin]]: ''Benedictus PP. XVI''; born [[April 16]], [[1927]] as '''Joseph Alois Ratzinger''' in [[Marktl am Inn]], [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]) is the 265th <!-- John A. Hardon's "Modern Catholic Dictionary (1980) lists Pope John Paul II as 264th pope. If you think this is inaccurate, please discuss it on the talk page before changing it here. Thanks. -->reigning [[pope]], the head of the [[Roman Catholic Church]] and [[monarch|sovereign]] of [[Vatican City]]. He was elected on [[April 19]], [[2005]], in a [[Papal conclave, 2005|papal conclave]] over which he presided in his capacity as [[Dean of the College of Cardinals|dean]] of the [[College of Cardinals]]. He celebrated his [[Papal Inauguration|Papal Inauguration Mass]] on [[April 24]], [[2005]] and was enthroned in the Basilica of St. John Lateran ([[Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano]]) on [[May 7]], [[2005]]. One of the most influential academic theologians since the 1960s and author of many books, he is viewed as conservative and a close ally of his predecessor, [[Pope John Paul II]]. He served as professor at various German universities, [[Archbishop]] of [[Munich]], [[Prefect]] of the [[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]] and [[Dean of the College of Cardinals]] before becoming Pope. In response to an increasing de-christianisation in many developed countries, where [[secular humanism]], [[secularism]], and [[secularization]] are influential, the Pope particularly emphasizes what he sees as the need for Europe to turn back to its fundamental values. ==Overview== [[Image:Benedict-salute.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Pope Benedict XVI]] Pope Benedict XVI was [[Papal election|elected pope]] at the age of 78. He is the [[List of ages of popes|oldest person to have been elected pope]] since [[Pope Clement XII|Clement XII]] in [[1730]]. He served longer as a [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] before being elected pope than any pope since [[Pope Benedict XIII|Benedict XIII]] (elected [[1724]]). He is the ninth German pope, the last being the Dutch-German [[Pope Adrian VI|Adrian VI]] ([[1522]]&ndash;[[1523]]). The last pope named Benedict was [[Pope Benedict XV|Benedict XV]], an Italian who reigned from [[1914]] to [[1922]], during [[World War I]]. Ratzinger was born in [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]. He had a distinguished career as a university [[theology|theologian]] before being made the [[archbishop]] of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Munich|Munich]]; he was subsequently made a cardinal by [[Pope Paul VI]] in the [[consistory]] of [[June 27]], [[1977]]. He was appointed as the prefect of the [[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]] by [[Pope John Paul II]] in [[1981]] and was made the [[Cardinal Bishop|cardinal bishop]] of the [[suburbicarian diocese]] of [[Velletri]]-[[Segni]] on [[April 5]], [[1993]]. In [[1998]], he was made the sub-dean of the [[College of Cardinals]]; later, on [[November 30]], [[2002]], he became the dean and simultaneously the cardinal bishop of the suburbicarian diocese of [[Ostia]]. He was the first dean of the college elected pope since [[Pope Paul IV|Paul IV]] in [[1555]] and the first cardinal bishop elected pope since [[Pope Pius VIII|Pius VIII]] in [[1829]]. Before becoming pope, Cardinal Ratzinger was already one of the most influential men in the Vatican, and was a close associate of the late John Paul II. He presided over the [[funeral of John Paul II]] and also over the Mass immediately preceding the 2005 conclave in which he was elected, in which he called on the assembled cardinals to hold fast to the doctrine of the faith. He was the public face of the church in much of the ''[[sede vacante]]'' period, although he ranked below the ''[[camerlengo]]'' in administrative authority during that time. Benedict XVI's views appear to be similar to those of his predecessor in maintaining the traditional Catholic doctrines on artificial [[birth control]], [[abortion]], and [[homosexuality]] while promoting [[Catholic social teaching]]. Benedict speaks [[German language|German]], [[Italian language|Italian]] and [[French language|French]] fluently, and [[English language|English]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]] and [[Latin language|Latin]] slightly less fluently. He can read [[ancient Greek]] and classical [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]]. He is a member of a large number of academies, such as the French ''[[Académie des sciences morales et politiques]]''. He plays the [[piano]] and has a preference for [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]] and [[Ludwig van Beethoven|Beethoven]]. == Early life (1927&ndash;1951) == {{main|Early life of Pope Benedict XVI}} ===Background and childhood (1927&ndash;1943)=== <!-- Please consider developing the separate article instead! This section is to be reduced in size. --> [[Image:PopeBenedicts1stHome.jpg|thumb|250px|Ratzinger was born at a house in Marktl am Inn which survives today.]] [[Image:Benedict boy.jpg|thumb|250px|Ratzinger as a boy]] [[Image:Stmichaelseminarytraunstein KerstinJoensson.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ratzinger studied at Saint Michael Seminary in Traunstein, Germany.]] Joseph Alois Ratzinger was born on [[Holy Saturday]], at Schulstrasse 11, his parents' home in [[Marktl am Inn]], [[Bavaria]]. He was the third and youngest child of [[Joseph Ratzinger, Sr.]], a police officer, and his wife, Maria Ratzinger (nee Peintner), who worked as a barmaid, and whose family were from [[South Tyrol]] (today part of [[Italy]]). His father served in both the Bavarian State Police (''[[Landespolizei]]'') and the German national Regular Police ([[Ordnungspolizei]]) before retiring in [[1937]] to the town of [[Traunstein]]. The ''[[Sunday Times]]'' of [[London]] described the elder Ratzinger as "an anti-Nazi whose attempts to rein in Hitler's [[Brown shirts|Sturmabteilung]] forced the family to move several times." {{ref|timesonline_a}}. According to the ''[[International Herald Tribune]]'', these relocations were directly related to Joseph Ratzinger, Sr.'s continued resistance to [[Nazism]], which resulted in demotions and transfers. {{ref|iht_demotions}} The pope's brother [[Georg Ratzinger|Georg]] said: "Our father was a bitter enemy of Nazism because he believed it was in conflict with our faith." {{ref|nytimes_faith}}. Pope Benedict's brother, Georg, is still living. His sister, Maria Ratzinger, who never married, managed her brother Joseph's household until her death in [[1991]]. Their grand uncle [[Georg Ratzinger (politician)|Georg Ratzinger]] was a priest and member of the [[Reichstag (institution)|Reichstag]], as the German Parliament was called then. The pope's relatives agree that his ambitions to serve in the upper echelons of the Church were apparent since childhood. At age five, Ratzinger was in a group of children who presented the [[Archbishop]] of [[Munich]] with flowers; later that day he announced he wanted to be a cardinal. (See also [[Early life of Pope Benedict XVI]].) According to his cousin Erika Kopp, Ratzinger had no desire from childhood to be anything other than a priest. When he was 15, she says, he announced that he was going to be a bishop, whereupon she playfully remarked, 'And why not Pope?'. When Ratzinger turned 14 he was forced by law to join the [[Hitler Youth]] (membership was legally required from December [[1936]]{{ref|HistoryPlace}}.) According to the ''[[National Catholic Reporter]]'' correspondent and biographer John Allen, Ratzinger was an unenthusiastic member who refused to attend meetings. Ratzinger has mentioned that a Nazi mathematics professor arranged reduced tuition payments for him at [[seminary]]. This normally required documentation of attendance at Hitler Youth activities; however, according to Ratzinger, his sympathetic professor arranged things so that he did not have to attend to receive a scholarship. ===Military service (1943&ndash;1945)=== In [[1943]], when he was 16, Ratzinger was drafted with many of his classmates into the [[FlaK]] ([[anti-aircraft]] [[artillery]] corps). They guarded various facilities including a [[BMW]] aircraft engine plant north of Munich and, later, the jet fighter base at [[Gilching]], where Ratzinger served in telephone communications. After his class was released from the Corps in September [[1944]], Ratzinger was put to work setting up anti-tank defences in the [[Hungary|Hungarian]] border area of [[Austria]] in preparation for the expected [[Red Army]] offensive. When his unit was released from service in November [[1944]], he went home for three weeks, and then was drafted into the German army at Munich to receive basic [[infantry]] training in the nearby town of Traunstein. His unit served at various posts around the city and was never sent to the front. In late April or early May, 1945 days or weeks before the [[End of World War II in Europe|German surrender]], Ratzinger deserted. [[Desertion]] was widespread during the last weeks of the war, even though punishable by death (executions, frequently extrajudicial, continued to the end); diminished morale and the greatly diminished risk of prosecution from a preoccupied and disorganized German military contributed to the growing wave of soldiers looking toward self-preservation. On his way home he ran into soldiers on guard, but they let him go. When the Americans arrived in the village, all soldiers were taken [[prisoner of war|prisoners of war]]. Ratzinger was briefly interned in a [[prisoner-of-war camp]] near [[Ulm]] and was repatriated on [[June 19]], [[1945]]. The family was reunited when his brother, Georg, returned after being repatriated from a prisoner-of-war camp in Italy. ===Education (1946&ndash;1951)=== <!-- Please consider developing the separate article instead! This section is to be reduced in size. --> After he was repatriated in 1945, he and his brother entered Saint Michael Seminary in Traunstein, and then studied at the Ducal Georgianum (''Herzogliches Georgianum'') of the [[Ludwig-Maximilian University]] in Munich. According to an interview with Peter Seewald, he and his fellow students were particularly influenced by the works of [[Gertrud von le Fort]], [[Ernst Wiechert]], [[Fyodor Dostoyevsky]], [[Elisabeth Langgässer]], [[Theodor Steinbüchel]], [[Martin Heidegger]] and [[Karl Jaspers]]. The young Ratzinger saw the last three in particular as a break with the dominance of [[Neo-Kantianism]], with the key work being Steinbüchel's ''Die Wende des Denkens'' ("The Change in Thinking"). By the end of his studies he was drawn more to the active [[Augustine of Hippo|Saint Augustine]] than to [[Thomas Aquinas]], and among the [[scholastic]]s he was more interested in [[Saint Bonaventure]]. On [[June 29]], [[1951]], he and his brother were ordained by [[Michael Cardinal von Faulhaber]] of [[Munich]]. His dissertation ([[1953]]) was on Saint Augustine, entitled "The People and the House of God in Augustine's Doctrine of the Church," and his ''[[Habilitation]]sschrift'' (a dissertation which serves as qualification for a professorship) was on Saint Bonaventure. It was completed in [[1957]] and he became a professor of [[Freising]] College in [[1958]]. ==Early church career (1951&ndash;1981)== [[Image:Ratzingercelebratesmass.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Ratzinger as a young priest celebrates mass in Ruhpolding, Germany in 1952.]] [[Image:Jp1-foto035.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ratzinger offers an oath of submission at the September 1978 papal inauguration of John Paul I.]] [[Image:Leavingmunich1982feb28 DietherEndlicher.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ratzinger is given a formal farewell as he leaves the Archdiocese of Munich to become the new Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith on February 28, 1982.]] [[Image:Cardinal Ratzinger and Pope John Paul II.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ratzinger with John Paul II in 2003.]] [[Image:2004 katholische-akademie-habermas-ratzinger 1-799x533.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ratzinger debates with German philosopher [[Jürgen Habermas]] at the Catholic Academy of Bavaria, Germany in 2004.]] Ratzinger became a professor at the [[University of Bonn]] in [[1959]]; his inaugural lecture was on "The God of Faith and the God of Philosophy." In [[1963]] he moved to the [[University of Münster]], where his inaugural lecture was given in a packed lecture hall, as he was already well known as a theologian. At the [[Second Vatican Council]] ([[1962]]&ndash;[[1965]]), Ratzinger served as a ''peritus'' or theological consultant to [[Josef Cardinal Frings]] of [[Cologne]], Germany, and has continued to defend the council, including ''[[Nostra Aetate]],'' the document on respect of other religions and the declaration of the right to [[religious freedom]]. He was viewed during the time of the council as a reformer. (Later, as the [[Prefect for the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]], Ratzinger most clearly spelled out the Catholic Church's position on other religions in the document ''[[Dominus Iesus]]'' ([[2000]]) which also talks about the proper way to engage in ''[[ecumenical]] dialogue''.) In [[1966]], he took a chair in dogmatic theology at the [[University of Tübingen]], where he was a colleague of [[Hans Küng]]. In his [[1968]] book ''Introduction to Christianity'', he wrote that the pope has a duty to hear differing voices within the Church before making a decision, and downplayed the centrality of the papacy. He also wrote that the church of the time was too centralized, rule-bound and overly controlled from Rome. These sentences, however, did not appear in later editions of the book. During this time, he distanced himself from the atmosphere of Tübingen and the [[Marxism|Marxist]] leanings of the student movement of the [[1960s]], that in Germany quickly radicalised in the years [[1967]] and [[1968]], culminating in a series of disturbances and riots in April and May 1968. Ratzinger came increasingly to see these and associated developments (decreasing respect for authority among his students, the rise of the German [[gay rights]] movement) as related to a departure from traditional Catholic teachings. Increasingly, his views, despite his reformist bent, contrasted with those liberal ideas gaining currency in the theological academy.{{ref|nytimes_campus}} In [[1969]] he returned to Bavaria, to the University of [[Regensburg]]. In [[1972]], he founded the theological journal ''[[Communio]]'' with [[Hans Urs von Balthasar]], [[Henri de Lubac]], [[Walter Cardinal Kasper|Walter Kasper]] and others. ''Communio,'' now published in seventeen editions ([[German language|German]], [[English language|English]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]] and many others), has become one of the most important [[journal]]s of Catholic thought. He remains one of the journal's most prolific contributors. In March [[1977]] Ratzinger was named [[archbishop]] of [[Munich]] and [[Freising]]. According to his autobiography, ''Milestones'', he took as his episcopal motto ''Cooperatores Veritatis'', co-workers of the Truth, from [[Third Epistle of John|3 John]]: 8. In the [[consistory]] of June 1977 he was named a [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] by [[Pope Paul VI]]. By the time of the 2005 Conclave, he was one of only 14 remaining cardinals appointed by Paul VI, and one of only three of those under the age of 80, and one of only two who participated in the conclave, the other being Cardinal Baum. == Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (1981&ndash;2005) == [[Image:Cardinalratzinger C0NGR.0f faith.jpg|thumb|left|'''Cardinal Ratzinger'''. Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]] On [[November 25]], [[1981]], Pope John Paul II named Ratzinger prefect of the [[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]], formerly known as the [[Holy Office of the Inquisition]]. He resigned the Munich [[archdiocese]] in early [[1982]]. Already a cardinal priest, he was raised to Cardinal Bishop of Velletri-Segni in [[1993]]. He became vice-dean of the [[College of Cardinals]] in [[1998]], and dean in [[2002]]. In office, Ratzinger usually took traditional views on topics such as [[birth control]], [[homosexuality]], and [[Ecumenism|inter-religious dialogue]]. Among other things, he played a key role in silencing outspoken [[Liberation theology|liberation theologians]] and clergy in [[Latin America]] in the 1980s. (See also [[Theology of Pope Benedict XVI]].) ===Health=== In the early [[1990s]] Ratzinger suffered a [[stroke]] which slightly impaired his eyesight temporarily. The existence of the stroke had been known during the conclave that elected him pope. In May 2005, the Vatican revealed that he had subsequently suffered another mild stroke - it did not reveal when, other than that it occurred between 2003 and 2005. [[France]]'s [[Philippe Cardinal Barbarin]] further revealed that since the first stroke, Ratzinger has suffered from a heart condition. Because of his health problems, Ratzinger had hoped to retire, but had continued in his position in obedience to the wishes of Pope John Paul II.{{ref|SundayTimes}} ===Response to sex abuse scandal=== As Cardinal Ratzinger was Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF), the sexual abuse of minors by priests was his responsibility to investigate from 2001, when that charge was given to the CDF by Pope John Paul. {{ref|Observer-240505b_a}} On [[May 18]], [[2001]], Ratzinger, as part of the implementation of the norms enacted and promulgated {{ref|vatican_motu}} on [[April 30]] [[2001]] by Pope John Paul II, sent a [[Latin|Latin language]] letter {{ref|vatican_2001letter}} to every bishop in the Catholic Church reminding them of the strict penalties facing those who revealed confidential details concerning enquiries into allegations against priests of certain grave ecclesiastical crimes, including [[sexual abuse]], reserved to the jurisdiction of the CDF. The letter extended the prescription ([[statute of limitations]]) for these crimes to ten years. However, when the crime is sexual abuse of a minor, the "prescription begins to run from the day on that which the minor completes the eighteenth year of age." {{ref|vatican_norms}} Lawyers acting for two alleged victims of abuse in Texas claim that by sending the letter the cardinal conspired to obstruct justice. {{ref|Observer-240505a}} However, the letter did not discourage victims from reporting the abuse itself to the police; the secrecy related to the internal investigation. "The letter said the new norms reflected the CDF's traditional “exclusive competence” regarding ''delicta graviora''&mdash;Latin for “graver offenses.” According to [[canon law]] experts in Rome, reserving cases of clerical sexual abuse of minors to the CDF is something new. In past eras, some serious crimes by priests against sexual morality, including [[pedophilia]], were handled by that congregation or its predecessor, the Holy Office, but this has not been true in recent years." {{ref|CNSb}} The promulgation of the norms by Pope John Paul II and the subsequent letter by the then Prefect of the CDF were published in 2001 in ''Acta Apostolicae Sedis'' {{ref|AAS}} which, in accordance with the [[Canon law|Code of Canon Law]] {{ref|CIC}}, is the [[Holy See]]'s official journal, disseminated monthly to thousands of libraries and offices around the world. {{ref|CLI}} In [[2002]], Ratzinger accurately told the Catholic News Service that "less than one percent of priests are guilty of acts of this type." {{ref|ZE02120324}} Opponents saw this as ignoring the crimes of those who committed the abuse; others saw it as merely pointing out that this should not taint other priests who live respectable lives. {{ref|vatican_transcript}} A report by the Catholic Church itself estimated that some 4,450 of the Roman Catholic clergy who served between [[1950]] and [[2002]] have faced credible accusations of abuse. {{ref|Observer-240505b_c}} His [[Good Friday]] reflections in [[2005]] were interpreted as strongly condemning and regretting the abuse scandals, which largely put to rest the speculation of indifference. Shortly after his election, he told [[Francis Cardinal George]], the [[Archbishop of Chicago]], that he would attend to the matter. {{ref|Observer-240505b_d}} ===Dialogue with other faiths=== In [[2000]], the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith published a document entitled ''[[Dominus Iesus]]'' which reaffirmed the historic doctrine and mission of the Church to proclaim the Gospel. This was misunderstood by some who mistakenly believed that the Church had previously repudiated its unique role in the world. {{ref|theaustralian}} This document pointed out the danger to the Church of ''relativistic theories which seek to justify religious pluralism'' by denying that God has revealed truth to humanity. (par. 4) Addressing the question that one religion is as a good as another ([[syncretism]] or indifferentism) it states: ''...followers of other religions can receive divine grace, it is also certain that'' objectively speaking ''they are in a gravely deficient situation in comparison with those who, in the Church, have the fullness of the means of salvation.'' (par.22) The deliberate omission of [[filioque clause|"filioque" clause]] ("and the Son") in the first paragraph {{ref|www.vatican.va.640}} is seen as an outreach to [[Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] Church which has been in conflict with the [[Roman Catholic]] Church over its addition to the [[Nicene Creed]] for about one thousand years.{{ref|scoba}} The [[World Jewish Congress]] "welcomed" his election to the pontificate, noted "his great sensitivity to the Jewish history and the Holocaust," and quoted the Pope in its press release: :Even if the most recent, loathsome experience of the Shoah (Holocaust) was perpetrated in the name of an anti-Christian ideology, which tried to strike the Christian faith at its Abrahamic roots in the people of Israel, it cannot be denied that a certain insufficient resistance to this atrocity on the part of Christians can be explained by an inherited anti-Judaism present in the hearts of not a few Christians. {{ref|worldjewishcongress}} His Holiness the [[Dalai Lama]] congratulated Pope Benedict XVI upon his election. {{ref|phayul}} In an interview in [[2004]] for ''[[Le Figaro]]'' magazine, Ratzinger said [[Turkey]], a country [[Muslim]] by heritage and staunchly [[Secularism|secularist]] by its state constitution, should seek its future in an association of [[Islamic]] nations rather than the [[EU]], which has [[Christian]] roots. He said Turkey had always been "in permanent contrast to [[Europe]]" and that linking it to Europe would be a mistake.{{ref|csmonitor}} His defenders argue that it is to be expected that a leader within the Catholic Church would forcefully and explicitly argue in favor of the superiority of [[Catholicism]] over other religions. Others also maintain that single quotes from ''[[Dominus Iesus]]'' are not indicative of intolerance or an unwillingness to engage in dialogue with other [[faith]]s, and this is clear from a reading of the entire document. They point out that Ratzinger has been very active in promoting inter-faith dialogue. Specifically, they argue that Ratzinger has been instrumental at encouraging reconciliation with [[Lutheran]]s. In defending ''Dominus Iesus'', Ratzinger himself has stated that his belief is that inter-faith dialogue should take place on the basis of equal human dignity, but that equality of human dignity should not imply that each side is equally correct. ===Ratzinger and Fatima=== [[Image:JesusMagazine.jpg|thumb|125px|Ratzinger's Article]]Ratzinger has long been tied into the message of [[Our Lady of Fatima]] to three young [[Portugal|Portuguese]] children. Notably, until her death, [[Lúcia dos Santos]] was under orders from the Vatican not to discuss the Fatima revelations publicly unless given leave by Cardinal Ratzinger, one of seven people known to have read the actual ''Third Message'' put into writing in [[1944]], and author of the ''Theological Commentary on the Third Message'', one of four canon sourceworks kept alongside the Message. In 1984, an interview with Ratzinger was published in the [[Pauline Christianity|Pauline Sisters]] newsletter and that it deals with "dangers threatening the faith and the life of the Christian and therefore of the world", while stating that it marks the beginning of the [[Apocalypse|end-times]]. A year later the interview was re-published in ''The Ratzinger Report'', though several statements were omitted &mdash; either for editorial reasons, or clandestine conspiratorial reasons, depending on the party asked. In October 1987 he stated that "the things contained in [the] Third Secret correspond to what has been announced in Scripture and has been said again and again in many other Marian apparitions; first of all, that of Fatima in what is already known of what its message contains, conversion and penitence are the essential conditions for salvation". [[Image:BertoneAndRatzinger.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Ratzinger and Bertone at the press conference]]In 1997, Ratzinger and Capovilla publicly stated that the Third Message was ''not'' being withheld for fears it would condemn the changes of the [[Vatican II]] council. On [[June 26]] [[2000]], following the release of the text of the prophecy, Ratzinger issued a joint statement with [[Cardinal Bertone]] that the third and final chapter of [[Mary]]'s prophecy had been fulfilled in 1981 in a failed attempt on the Pope's life; critics point out however that a year after the attempted assassination, Lúcia told the Pope that the third prophecy had still not been fulfilled. He was quoted in the media as stating, "No great mystery is revealed; nor is the future unveiled. A careful reading of the text will probably prove disappointing." == Papacy == [[Image:Ratzingerpascha2005.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Not knowing that within a few weeks he would ascend the Throne of St. Peter himself, Ratzinger presided over the 2005 Easter Vigil Mass at St. Peter's Basilica in place of Pope John Paul II.]] === Election to the Papacy === ==== Prediction ==== On [[January 2]], [[2005]], ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine quoted unnamed Vatican sources as saying that Ratzinger was a frontrunner to succeed [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]] should the pope die or become too ill to continue as pope. On the death of [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]], the ''[[Financial Times]]'' gave the odds of Ratzinger becoming pope as 7&ndash;1, the lead position, but close to his rivals on the liberal wing of the church. In [[April 2005]], before his election as pope, he was identified as one of the [[List of TIME Magazine's 100 most influential people of 2005|100 most influential people in the world]] by ''Time'' magazine. Ratzinger himself had repeatedly stated he would like to retire to a Bavarian village and dedicate himself to writing books, but more recently, he told friends he was ready to "accept any charge God placed on him." Piers Paul Read wrote in ''[[The Spectator (1828)|The Spectator]]'' on [[March 5]], [[2005]]: :''There can be little doubt that his courageous promotion of orthodox Catholic teaching has earned him the respect of his fellow cardinals throughout the world. He is patently holy, highly intelligent and sees clearly what is at stake. Indeed, for those who blame the decline of Catholic practice in the developed world precisely on the propensity of many European bishops to hide their heads in the sand, a pope who confronts it may be just what is required. Ratzinger is no longer young&mdash;he is 78 years old: but Angelo Roncalli, who revolutionized Catholicism by calling the Second Vatican Council was almost the same age (76) when he became pope as [[Pope John XXIII|John XXIII]]. As Jeff Israely, the correspondent of Time, was told by a Vatican insider last month, "The Ratzinger solution is definitely on."'' However, Papal predictions in modern history had often been wrong, with the most popular candidates often losing the election in favor of a more unknown, obscure cardinal. ==== Election ==== [[Image:Pope Benedict XVI elected.jpg|thumb|250px|Benedict XVI appears on the balcony shortly after his election.]] [[Image:Pope Benedict Mass of Installation.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Benedict's installation mass on St. Peter's Square]] [[Image:Benedict sodano.jpg|thumb|left|150px|[[Angelo Cardinal Sodano]] kisses the ring of the new Pope for the first time at his installation mass]] On [[April 19]], [[2005]] Cardinal Ratzinger was elected as the successor to Pope John Paul II on the second day of the [[Papal conclave, 2005|papal conclave]] after four ballots. Coincidentally, [[April 19]] is the feast of St. [[Pope Leo IX|Leo IX]], a German pope who instituted major reforms in the [[Middle Ages]] during his papacy. Cardinal Ratzinger had hoped to retire peacefully and said that "At a certain point, I prayed to God 'please don't do this to me'...Evidently, this time He didn't listen to me." {{ref|CNNquote}} Before his first appearance at the balcony of [[Saint Peter's Basilica]] after becoming pope, he was announced by the [[Jorge Cardinal Medina Estévez]], protodeacon of the College of Cardinals. Cardinal Medina Estévez first addressed the massive crowd as "dear(est) brothers and sisters" in Italian, Spanish, French, German and English &mdash; each language receiving cheers from the international crowd &mdash; before continuing with the traditional ''[[Habemus Papam]]'' announcement in Latin. At the balcony, Benedict's first words to the crowd, before he gave the traditional ''[[Urbi et Orbi]]'' blessing, were: :''Dear brothers and sisters, after the great Pope John Paul II, the Cardinals have elected me, a simple and humble labourer in the vineyard of the Lord.'' :''The fact that the Lord knows how to work and to act even with inadequate instruments comforts me, and above all I entrust myself to your prayers.'' :''In the joy of the Risen Lord, let us move forward, confident of his unfailing help. The Lord will help us and Mary, his Most Holy Mother, will be on our side. Thank you.'' (translation from original Italian). He then gave the blessing to the people. ===Choice of name=== The choice of the name Benedict (Latin "the blessed") is significant. Benedict XVI used his first [[General Audience]] in St. Peter's Square, on [[April 27]], [[2005]], to explain to the world on why he chose the name: :''"Filled with sentiments of awe and thanksgiving, I wish to speak of why I chose the name Benedict. Firstly, I remember [[Pope Benedict XV]], that courageous prophet of peace, who guided the Church through turbulent times of war. In his footsteps I place my ministry in the service of reconciliation and harmony between peoples. Additionally, I recall [[Saint Benedict]] of Norcia, co-patron of Europe, whose life evokes the Christian roots of Europe. I ask him to help us all to hold firm to the centrality of Christ in our Christian life: May Christ always take first place in our thoughts and actions!" ''{{ref|vatican_FirstGenAud}} === Early days of Papacy === [[Image:Coabxvi.png|thumb|right|Papal Arms of Pope Benedict XVI. The [[papal tiara]] was replaced with a bishop's [[mitre]], and [[pallium]] of the Pope was added beneath the coat of arms.]] Pope Benedict has confounded the expectations of many in the early days of his papacy by his gentle public persona and his promise to listen. It is notable that he has used an open [[popemobile]], saying that he wants to be closer to the people. [[Coat of arms of Pope Benedict XVI|Benedict's coat of arms]] have officially omitted the [[papal tiara]], traditionally appearing in the background to designate the Pope's position and replaced it with a simple [[mitre]].{{ref|coatofarms}} However, there have been papal documents since his inauguration that have been appearing with the papal tiara present. Since it is the shield and not the background which is unique to the individual Pope, various backgrounds are possible (though rarely used) for even a single shield. During his inaugural Mass, the previous custom of all the cardinals submitting was replaced by having 12 people, representing cardinals, clergy, religious, a married couple and their child, and newly [[confirmation|confirmed]] people, submit to him. However, all the cardinals had already sworn their obedience upon his election. In a return to tradition, Benedict chose to resurrect the ancient tradition of the red [[papal shoes]] and to delegate the celebration of the beatification liturgies. ===Teachings=== As Pope, Benedict XVI's main role is to teach about the Catholic faith and the solutions to the problems of the faith, a role that he can play well being a former head of the Church's Congregation of the Faith. The emphases of his teachings are stated in more detail in [[Theology of Pope Benedict XVI]]. ====Friendship with Jesus Christ==== According to commentators, during the Inaugural Mass, the core of his message, the most moving and famous part, is found in the last paragraph of his homily where he referred to both Jesus Christ and John Paul II. After referring to John Paul II's well-known words (Do not be afraid! Open wide the doors for Christ!), Benedict XVI says: :Are we not perhaps all afraid in some way? If we let Christ enter fully into our lives, if we open ourselves totally to him, are we not afraid that He might take something away from us?...And once again the Pope said: No! If we let Christ into our lives, we lose nothing, nothing, absolutely nothing of what makes life free, beautiful and great. No! Only in this friendship do we experience beauty and liberation....When we give ourselves to him, we receive a hundredfold in return. Yes, open, open wide the doors to Christ – and you will find true life. [http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/homilies/documents/hf_ben-xvi_hom_20050424_inizio-pontificato_en.html] "Friendship with Jesus Christ" is a theme of his preaching which is found in many of his homilies and his addresses. For example, his address to the priests of Rome, his diocese as bishop: [http://www.ewtn.com/library/PAPALDOC/B16CLERO.HTM] and to the cardinals in the pre-conclave, a key public address to the Church's top leaders: [http://www.ewtn.com/pope/words/conclave_homily.asp] ===="Dictatorship of relativism"==== Continuing what he said in the pre-conclave Mass about what he has often referred to as the "central problem of our faith today": [http://www.ewtn.com/library/CURIA/RATZRELA.HTM] the world "moving towards a dictatorship of [[relativism]]", [http://www.nationalcatholicreporter.org/word/wyd082105.htm] on June 6, 2005 he also said: :"Today, a particularly insidious obstacle to the task of education is the massive presence in our society and culture of that [[relativism]] which, recognizing nothing as definitive, leaves as the ultimate criterion only the self with its desires. And under the semblance of freedom it becomes a prison for each one, for it separates people from one another, locking each person into his or her own ' He also traced the failed revolutions and ideologies of the 20th century to a conversion of partial points of view into absolute guides: "''Absolutizing what is not absolute but relative is called totalitarianism,''" he said during World Youth Day. In an address to a conference of the Diocese of Rome held at [[St. John Lateran]] basilica on [[June 6]], 2005, Benedict remarked on the issues of [[same-sex marriage]] and [[abortion]]: :''"The various forms of the dissolution of matrimony today, like free unions, trial marriages and going up to pseudo-matrimonies by people of the same sex, are rather expressions of an anarchic freedom that wrongly passes for true freedom of man...from here it becomes all the more clear how contrary it is to human love, to the profound vocation of man and woman, to systematically close their union to the gift of life, and even worse to suppress or tamper with the life that is born," he said.''{{ref|AP}} ===Curial appointments=== Upon becoming Pope, Benedict reappointed all former officers of the [[Roman Curia]] under John Paul II to new terms, their terms having ended with the papacy. This assured an easy transition into new government. The highest of those appointments are those considered to be Benedict XVI's [[prime minister]]s: [[Angelo Cardinal Sodano]] of [[Italy]] who serves as [[Cardinal Secretary of State]] and [[Edmund Cardinal Szoka]] of the [[United States]] who serves as [[Governor of Vatican City]]. Benedict XVI's only major new appointment was that of his successor as Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. Early speculation included the names of [[Christoph Cardinal Schönborn]], [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vienna|Archbishop of Vienna]] in [[Austria]] and [[Francis Cardinal George]], [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago|Archbishop of Chicago]] in the United States. Both were renowned for their knowledge of Church doctrine and were considered among the more conservative members of the College of Cardinals. On [[May 13]], [[2005]], Benedict XVI appointed a non-Cardinal, [[William Joseph Levada]], [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Francisco|Archbishop of San Francisco]] in the United States. Renowned for his knowledge of Church doctrine due to his office as principal editor of the current [[Catechism of the Catholic Church]], Levada is considered by some to be even more staunchly conservative than all the Pope's choices within the College of Cardinals. Levada relinquishes his [[episcopal see|see]] in San Francisco on [[August 17]], [[2005]] and is expected to be raised in consistory to the title of Cardinal. Due to the immense influence wielded by the office of Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith&mdash;arguably more immense than that of the Pope's own prime ministers&mdash;Benedict XVI's appointment of an American in effect raises the United States into greater prominence in the universal Church. That fact sparked many fears that the United States was being given too much power in the Church; people worldwide generally express uneasiness that the United States already dominates global politics. It is for that reason that Americans are never considered [[papabile]]. === Beatifications === [[Image:Popebenedictxvi lei.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Benedict XVI oversaw his first beatification on May 14, 2005, honoring Mother Marianne Cope of Hawaii with the title ''Blessed''. He wore a traditional Hawaiian maile lei as a [[stole]] for the occasion.]] On [[May 13]], [[2005]], Benedict XVI made his first promulgation of the [[beatification]] process. The honoree of the process was his predecessor, John Paul II. Normally five years pass before the beatification process begins for a person after his or her death but due to the popularity of John Paul II &mdash; devotees chanted "Santo subito!" meaning "Saint now!" during the late pontiff's funeral &mdash; Benedict XVI waived the custom and officially styled the late pope with the title given to all those being scrutinized in the beatification process, ''[[Servant of God]]''. Upon the confirmation after scrutiny that the late pontiff's life is found morally clean and manifests heroic virtues, a decree of heroicity will be proclaimed and John Paul II will be declared ''[[Venerable]]'' on the road to beatification. Before changes in [[canon law]] in [[1917]], the title ''Venerable'' was given at the same time a person was declared ''Servant of God''. Upon the confirmation of [[miracle]]s attributed to the honoree, John Paul II would then be declared ''[[Blessed]]''. A person is strictly prohibited from being officially celebrated in [[mass (liturgy)|Mass]] until he or she achieves the title of ''Blessed''. The next day, on [[May 14]], Benedict XVI made his first official beatification, raising [[Mother Marianne Cope]] &mdash; who served with [[Blessed Damien of Molokai]] helping those suffering from [[leprosy]] in what is now the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu|Diocese of Honolulu]] in [[Hawaii]] &mdash; to the title of "Blessed Marianne of Molokai." She was the first addition to the [[calendar of saints]] by Benedict XVI announcing an optional feast to be celebrated in her honor annually on [[January 23]]. Blessed Damien and Blessed Marianne are the [[patron saint|patrons]] of [[HIV]]/[[AIDS]] and [[outcast]]s. Both are expected to become the first saints of the [[Hawaiian Islands]]. [[Mother Ascensión Nicol Goñi]] was also beatified on the same day. Unlike his predecessor, Benedict XVI delegated the beatification liturgical service to a principal aide, [[José Cardinal Saraiva Martins]], Prefect of the [[Congregation for the Causes of Saints]]. It was noted by Vatican watchers that the practice of delegating prominent functions enjoyed by the late John Paul II would become the norm for Benedict XVI, who seems to prefer the duties of Church manager as opposed to having more of a public face. This may also reflect the need for Benedict to maintain a more restricted public appearance schedule, due to his recent health history, which may be described as resulting from age related illnesses. [[Image:Pope16mass.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Pope Benedict XVI participated in a Mass attended by 800,000 people in Cologne, Germany, during the World Youth Day. This marked the pontiff's first apostolic journey.]] On [[June 16]], [[2005]], it was learned that the planned beatification of a French priest, Fr. [[Leon Dehon]], had been suspended by the Vatican after complaints about anti-Semitism in his writings. The Vatican decided to further study the life and writings of the Fr. Dehon, who died in 1925 and who had founded the priests of the Sacred Heart of Jesus religious order. The beatification was postponed originally due to the death of [[Pope John Paul II]] on [[April 2]], [[2005]]. The move came after a French Catholic newspaper, ''La Croix'', reported that some of his writings contained anti-Semitic passages. ''La Croix'' quoted his writings as saying Jews were "united in their hatred of Jesus" and were enemies of Christians, and that anti-Semitism was a "sign of hope." The possibility of declaring Fr. Dehon a saint has been under consideration by the church for decades. The process began formally in 1939. The church declared his virtues in 1983, and John Paul gave him the title "venerable" in 1997 after the church ruled that an electrician in Brazil had been miraculously cured of an illness in 1954 after prayers were directed to him. However, France's government had put the Vatican on notice that it would not send a representative to the beatification, and the French bishops' conference urged the Vatican to act with caution, according to French newspaper reports. {{ref|Washington_postJune16}}. For many in the Catholic community who had been concerned about the rapidity of the beatification process during the reign of [[Pope John Paul II]], this incident seemed to indicate that the management of the practice of making saints will be more measured and, possibly, less inclined to speed up the process. On [[June 19]], [[2005]], Benedict XVI beatified Father [[Władysław Findysz]], a martyr of the [[Communist]] regime, Father [[Bronisław Markiewicz]], the founder of the [[Congregation of St. Michael]], and Father [[Ignacy Kłopotowski]], the founder of the [[Congregation of the Sisters of Loreto]]. Benedict XVI had delegated [[Józef Cardinal Glemp]] of [[Warsaw]] to preside over the beatification liturgy, which took place at [[Piłsudski Square]] in Warsaw. The beatifications were originally scheduled for [[April 24]] [[2005]], however they were delayed due to the death of [[Pope John Paul II]]. Pope John Paul II also started the process of the beatifications of the above Poles, but Benedict XVI had to complete the process. === Canonisations === The first Mass of Canonisation for Benedict XVI is scheduled for [[October 23]], [[2005]] in [[St. Peter's Square]]. Benedict XVI will bestow the honour of Sainthood to: [[Józef Bilczewski]] of [[Poland]] and [[Ukraine]], Archbishop of Lviv ([[Lwów]]); [[Gaetano Catanoso]] of Italy, priest and founder of the [[Congregation of the Daughters of St. Veronica]] (also known as the Missionaries of the Holy Face); [[Zygmunt Gorazdowski]] of Poland and Ukraine, priest and founder of the [[Congregation of Sisters of St. Joseph]]; [[Alberto Hurtado Cruchaga]] of [[Chile]], priest of the [[Society of Jesus]], and [[Felice Da Nicosia]] of [[Italy]], lay member of the [[Capuchins]]. === Apostolic journeys === # '''Italy''' ([[May 29]], [[2005]]): Pope Benedict visited the Italian port of [[Bari]] and pledged to make the reconciliation with the [[Eastern Orthodoxy|Eastern Orthodox Church]] a "fundamental" commitment of his papacy. Benedict made the pledge in a city closely tied to the Orthodox Church. Bari, on Italy’s Adriatic coast, is considered a “bridge” between East and West and is home to the relics of [[Saint Nicholas|St. Nicholas of Myra]], a 4th-century saint who is one of the most popular in both the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches. The Pope referred to Bari as a "land of meeting and dialogue" with the Orthodox Church in his homily at a Mass that closed a national religious conference. It was his first pilgrimage outside Rome since being elected the 265th leader of the Roman Catholic Church on [[April 19]]. # '''Germany''' ([[August 18]] to [[August 21]], [[2005]]): The Pope arrived in Germany on [[August 18]] in order to participate in the [[World Youth Day 2005|20th World Youth Day]] in [[Cologne]]. There he met with President [[Horst Köhler]], Chancellor [[Gerhard Schröder]], leader of the Opposition [[Angela Merkel]] and others, and visited the famous [[Cologne Cathedral]]. The Pope visited the [[synagogue]] of the Jewish community in Cologne, which is the oldest Jewish community in the world north of the Alps. After [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]], he thus is only the third Pontiff, including [[St. Peter]], (the second in modern times) known to officially visit a synagogue. He also spoke with representatives of the Muslim and Protestant communities of Cologne. On [[August 21]] he led a mass at Marienfeld with about 800,000 youths present. ==See also== {{wikiquote}} {{wikisource author}} {{commons|Benedictus XVI}} {{wikinews|German Cardinal Ratzinger elected Pope Benedict XVI}} *[[Georg Gänswein]] - private secretary *''[[Dominus Iesus]]'' - document written by Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith * [[Three Secrets of Fatima|The Message of Fatima]] - document on the purported release of the Third Secret of Fatima *[[Pope Benedict]] - list of other popes and antipopes using the name *[[Prophecy of the Popes]] - document by Saint Malachy *[[Theology of Pope Benedict XVI]] - philosophical and theological beliefs of Pope Benedict XVI *[[Works of Pope Benedict XVI]] - literature written by Pope Benedict XVI ==Notes== <!-- Instructions for adding a footnote. NOTE: Footnotes in this article use names, not numbers, see [[Wikipedia:Footnote3]] for details. 1) Assign your footnote a unique name, for example TheSun_Dec9. 2) Add the macro {{ref|TheSun_Dec9}} to the body of the article, where you want the new footnote. 3) Put footnotes in the order they appear in the body. Avoid duplicates. --> <!-- # {{note|YahooCats}} Matthew Schofield, "[http://www.realcities.com/mld/krwashington/11455054.htm In German town, Benedict XVI known for love of cats, conversation]," ''Knight Ridder'', April 21, 2005. --> # {{note|timesonline_a}} Justin Sparks, John Follain, and Christopher Morgan, "[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2089-1572667,00.html Papal hopeful is a former Hitler Youth]," ''The Sunday Times'', April 17, 2005. # {{note|iht_demotions}} Richard Bernstein, and Mark Landler, "[http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/04/21/news/portrait.html A cardinal's visit put boy on path to the Vatican]," ''New York Times'', April 22, 2005. # {{note|nytimes_faith}} Richard Bernstein, and Mark Landler, "[http://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/22/international/worldspecial2/22germany.html?pagewanted=1&adxnnl=1&adxnnlx=1114340564-13zVUfWUfsfMLXhqWFxrDA A future pope is recalled: A lover of cats and Mozart, dazzled by church as a boy]," ''New York Times'', April 22, 2005. # {{note|HistoryPlace}} "[http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/hitleryouth/hj-prelude.htm Hitler Youth: Prelude to War (1933&ndash;1938)]," The History Place. # {{note|nytimes_campus}} Daniel J Wakin, "[http://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/24/international/worldspecial2/24ratzinger.html?position=&incamp=article_popular_5&pagewanted=print&position= Turbulence on Campus in 60's Hardened Views of Future Pope]," ''New York Times'', April 24, 2005 (accessed June 8, 2005) # {{note|SundayTimes}} [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2089-1592856,00.html "Pope has had second stroke"], ''The Sunday Times'', (London) May 1, 2005. # {{note|Observer-240505b_a}} Jamie Doward, "[http://observer.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,6903,1469005,00.html The Pope, the letter and the child sex claim]," ''The Guardian'', April 24, 2005. # {{note|vatican_motu}} ''[http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/motu_proprio/documents/hf_jp-ii_motu-proprio_20020110_sacramentorum-sanctitatis-tutela_lt.html Sacramentorum sanctitatis tutela]'', The Vatican, April 30, 2001. # {{note|vatican_2001letter}} ''[http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_20010518_epistula_graviora%20delicta_lt.html Epistula ad totius Catholicae Ecclesiae Episcopos aliosque Ordinarios et Hierarchas interesse habentes de delictis gravioribus eidem Congregationi pro Doctrina Fidei reservatis]'', The Vatican, May 18, 2001. # {{note|vatican_norms}} [http://www.bishop-accountability.org/resources/resource-files/churchdocs/SacramentorumAndNormaeEnglish.htm www.bishop-accountability.org] Unofficial translation of ''Sacramentorum sanctitatis tutela'' by the USCCB and a translation of the Norms by Gregory Ingels, both revised by Joseph R. Punderson and Charles J. Scicluna. The new norms (like the American norms) consider a minor to be anyone under the age of 18&mdash;a wider definition than in the Code of Canon Law, where minors are below the age of 16. # {{note|Observer-240505a}} Jamie Doward, "[http://observer.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,6903,1469055,00.html Pope 'obstructed' sex abuse inquiry]," ''The Guardian'', April 24, 2005. # {{note|CNSb}} "[http://www.americamagazine.org/catholicnews.cfm?articleTypeID=29&textID=1352&issueID=355 Signs of the Times: Doctrinal Congregation Takes Over Priestly Pedophilia Cases]", ''Catholic News Service'', December 17, 2001. # {{note|AAS}} ''[[Acta Apostolicae Sedis]]'' 93 (2001): 737&ndash;39, 785&ndash;88. # {{note|CIC}} [http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/__P3.HTM Code of Canon Law: Canon 8, §1], The Vatican. # {{note|CLI}} [http://mywebpages.comcast.net/enpeters/blog.htm CanonLaw.info], April 29, 2005 update to ''Much Ado About Nothing'' by Dr Edward Peters, JCD, JD # {{note|ZE02120324}} "[http://www.zenit.org/english/visualizza.phtml?sid=28487 Cardinal Ratzinger ... Sees Agenda Behind the Reporting in U.S.]," ''Zenit News Agency'', December 3, 2002. # {{note|vatican_transcript}} [http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/2005/via_crucis/en/station_09.html Vatican Transcript of Meditation on the Ninth Station of the Cross], The Vatican. # {{note|Observer-240505b_c}} See note 8 above. # {{note|Observer-240505b_d}} See note 8 above. # {{note|theaustralian}} Justin Sparks, and John Follain, "[http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5744,15003155%255E39835,00.html Nazi link may dog favourite]," ''The Australian'', April 18, 2005. # {{note|www.vatican.va.640}} {{Web reference_simple | title= the official Latin text | URL=http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_20000806_dominus-iesus_lt.html | date= July 7 | year= 2005 }} # {{note|scoba}} "[http://www.scoba.us/resources/filioque-p02.asp The Filioque: A Church-dividing Issue? An agreed statement of the North American Orthodox-Catholic Theological Consultation]", ''[[North American Orthodox-Catholic Theological Consultation]]'', October 25, 2003. # {{note|worldjewishcongress}} "[http://www.worldjewishcongress.org/nfo/article.cfm?id=3908 Election of Cardinal Ratzinger as new Pope welcomed]," ''World Jewish Congress'', April 19, 2005. # {{note|phayul}} "[http://www.phayul.com/news/article.aspx?id=9643&article=His+Holiness+the+Dalai+Lama+Greets+New+Pope His Holiness the Dalai Lama Greets New Pope]," Phayul.com, April 20, 2005; [http://english.chosun.com/w21data/html/news/200504/200504200016.html Korean Catholics Welcome New Pontiff]," english.chosun.com, April 20, 2005. # {{note|csmonitor}} Jim Bencivenga, "[http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/0422/dailyUpdate.html Navigating a clash of civilizations: Examining the new pope's old comments on Turkey's entry into the European Union]," ''Christian Science Monitor'', April 22, 2005. # {{note|CNNquote}} [http://www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/europe/04/25/pope.monday/ http://www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/europe/04/25/pope.monday/] Quote from a CNN Interview, April 25, 2005. # {{note|vatican_FirstGenAud}} [http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/audiences/2005/documents/hf_ben-xvi_aud_20050427_en.html Pope Benedict XVI's General Audience Speech], The Vatican, April 27, 2005. # {{note|coatofarms}} [http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/elezione/stemma-benedict-xvi_en.html Coat of Arms of His Holiness Benedict XVI], The Vatican. # {{note|AP}} Nicole Winfield, "[http://www.guardian.co.uk/worldlatest/story/0,1280,-5056168,00.html Pope Benedict XVI condemns same-sex unions]," ''The Guardian'', June 6, 2005. # {{note|Washington_postJune16}} Alan Cooperman, "[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/06/15/AR2005061502305.html Pope Halts Beatification of French Priest]", ''Washington Post'', June 16, 2005. <!--READ ME!! PLEASE DO NOT JUST ADD NEW NOTES AT THE BOTTOM. See the instructions above on ordering. --> == Books and theological writings == :''Main article (with original titles and English translations): [[Works of Pope Benedict XVI]]'' *''Called to Communion: Understanding the Church Today.'' 1996. *''Eschatology: Death and Eternal Life.'' Dogmatic Theology series. Michael Waldstein, Trans. 1988. *''God and the World: A Conversation with Peter Seewald.'' 2002. *''God Is Near Us: The Eucharist, the Heart of Life.'' 2003. *''In the Beginning….: A Catholic Understanding of the Story of Creation and the Fall.'' 1995. *''Introduction to Christianity.'' 1968, new edition 2000. *''Journey to Easter.'' (Forthcoming) *''Many Religions, One Covenant: Israel, The Church, and the World.'' 1999. *''Milestones: Memoirs 1927-1977.'' 1998. *''Ratzinger Report: An Exclusive Interview on the State of the Church.'' 1985. *''Salt of the Earth: The Church at the End of the Millennium, An Interview With Peter Seewald.'' 1997. *''Spirit of the Liturgy.'' 2000. *''Truth and Tolerance: Christian Belief and World Religions.'' 2004. *''Values in a Time of Upheaval.'' (Forthcoming) ==Literature== * Allen, John L.: ''Cardinal Ratzinger: the Vatican's enforcer of the faith''. &ndash; New York: Continuum, 2000 * Nichols OP, Aidan: ''Theology of Joseph Ratzinger''. &ndash; Edinburgh; T&T Clark, 1988 * Wagner, Karl: ''Kardinal Ratzinger: der Erzbischof in München und Freising in Wort und Bild''. &ndash; München : Pfeiffer, 1977 * Pater Prior Maximilian Heim: ''Joseph Ratzinger - Kirchliche Existenz und existenzielle Theologie unter dem Anspruch von Lumen gentium'' (diss.). * Herrmann, Horst: ''Benedikt XVI. Der neue Papst aus Deutschland''. &ndash; Berlin 2005 ==Biographies== * Allen, John L. (2005) ''Pope Benedict XVI: A Biography of Joseph Ratzinger'' New York: Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 0826417868 * Bardazzi, Marco (2005) ''In the Vineyard of the Lord : The Life, Faith, and Teachings of Joseph Ratzinger, Pope Benedict XV'' New York: Rizzoli International. ISBN 0847828018 * Bunson, Matthew. (2005) ''We Have a Pope! Benedict XVI'' Huntington IN: Our Sunday Visitor. ISBN 1592761801 * Tobin, Greg. (2005) ''Holy Father : Pope Benedict XVI: Pontiff for a New Era'' Sterling. ISBN 1402731728 ==External links and references== ===Official=== *[http://www.vatican.va Vatican: the Holy See] &ndash; Vatican web site *[http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/index.htm The Holy See - The Holy Father - Benedict XVI] &ndash; Vatican web site about the Holy Father Benedict XVI *[http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/elezione/index_en.htm Vatican: Election] Vatican web page about election * ''[http://www.communio-icr.com/ Communio]'' magazine, founded by Ratzinger and others. Contains recent articles by him. *Official email address: [mailto:benedictxvi@vatican.va] (see [http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/elezione/index_en.htm link 'Greetings to the Holy Father']) ===Biographical=== *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4445279.stm Pope Benedict XVI: BBC Profile] *[http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,1558777,00.html Deutsche Welle Dossier on Benedict XVI] *[http://washingtontimes.com/upi-breaking/20050401-033437-4653r.htm Washington Times Analysis: Ratzinger in the ascendance] *[http://www.wsws.org/articles/2005/apr2005/pope-a22.shtml WSWS.org - Pope Benedict XVI’s political resume: theocracy and social reaction] *[http://www.natcath.com/NCR_Online/archives/041699/041699a.htm The Vatican’s Enforcer] &ndash; The National Catholic Reporter's 1999 Cover Story on the history of then Cardinal Ratzinger *[http://www.catholicculture.org/docs/doc_view.cfm?recnum=663 World War II years] ===The first days of his papacy=== *[http://www.punditguy.com/2005/04/german_pope.html Pope News Roundup] *[http://www.americancatholic.org/news/BenedictXVI American Catholic - Pope Benedict XVI Starts His Papacy] *[http://www.angelfire.com/tv2/benedictxvi/ Cardinal Jorge Arturo Medina Estevez announcing Habemus Papam (We have a Pope!)] ([[Windows Media Player]] Video). *[http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/programmes/misc/papal_inauguration.shtml BBC audio of ''The Inauguration Mass of Pope Benedict XVI''] from Sunday 24th April ===General=== *[http://www.popebenedictxvifanclub.com/index.html The Pope Benedict XVI Fan Club] (see also [http://www.ratzingerfanclub.com/ The Cardinal Ratzinger Fan Club]) *[http://thepopeblog.blogspot.com The Pope Blog: Pope Benedict XVI] *[http://catholicapologeticsofamerica.blogspot.com/ Catholic Apologetics of America] *[http://www.ratzinger.it Amici di Joseph Ratzinger] (in Italian) *[http://www.vatikan-news.org Portal Papst Benedikt XVI.] (in German) *[http://www.papst-benedikt.be Papst News: Papst Benedikt XVI] (in German) *[http://www.cardinalrating.com/cardinal_84.htm Ratzinger page at www.cardinalrating.com] *[http://www.repubblica.it/2005/g/sezioni/spettacoli_e_cultura/harrypotter/harrypotter/harrypotter.html About his hostility toward Harry Potter books] (in Italian) {{Episcopal_Succession | | date of consecration=[[May 28]], [[1977]] | consecrated by=[[Josef Stangl]] | bishopconsecrated1 = bishopconsecrated1 | bishop 1=[[Alberto Cardinal Bovone]] | consecration date 1=[[May 12]].[[1984]] | bishopconsecrated2 = bishopconsecrated2 | bishop 2=[[Zygmunt Zimowski]] | consecration date 2=[[May 25]]. [[2002]] | bishopconsecrated3 = bishopconsecrated3 | bishop 3=[[Josef Clemens]] | consecration date 3=[[January 6]], [[2004]] | bishopconsecrated4 = bishopconsecrated4 | bishop 4=[[Bruno Forte]] | consecration date 4=[[September 8]], [[2004]] | bishopconsecrated5 = null | bishop 5= | consecration date 5= | bishopconsecrated6 = null | bishop 6= | consecration date 6= | bishopconsecrated7 = null | bishop 7= | consecration date 7= | bishopconsecrated8 = null | bishop 8= | consecration date 8= | bishopconsecrated9 = null | bishop 9= | consecration date 9= | bishopconsecrated10 = null | bishop 10= | consecration date 10= | bishopconsecrated11 = null | bishop 11= | consecration date 11= | bishopconsecrated12 = null | bishop 12= | consecration date 12= | bishopconsecrated13 = null | bishop 13= | consecration date 13= | bishopconsecrated14 = null | bishop 14= | consecration date 14= | bishopconsecrated15 = null | bishop 15= | consecration date 15= | bishopconsecrated16 = null | bishop 16= | consecration date 16= | bishopconsecrated17 = null | bishop 17= | consecration date 17= | bishopconsecrated18 = null | bishop 18= | consecration date 18= | bishopconsecrated19 = null | bishop 19= | consecration date 19= | bishopconsecrated20 = null | bishop 20= | consecration date 20= }} <center> {{start box}} {{succession box | before=[[Julius Cardinal Döpfner]] | title=[[Archdiocese of Munich and Freising|Archbishop of Munich and Freising]] | years=[[1977]]&ndash;[[1982]] | after=[[Friedrich Cardinal Wetter]] }} {{succession box | before=[[Franjo Šeper|Franjo Cardinal Šeper]] | title=[[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith|Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]] | years=[[1981]]&ndash;[[2005]] | after=[[William Joseph Levada]] }} {{succession box | before=[[Bernardin Cardinal Gantin]] | title=[[Dean of the College of Cardinals]] | years=[[2002]]&ndash;[[2005]] | after=[[Angelo Cardinal Sodano]] }} {{succession box | before=[[Pope John Paul II|<!-- please do not insert "the Servant of God"; this has been discussed on the Talk Page -->John Paul II]] | title=[[List of Popes|Pope]] | years=[[2005]]&ndash;''present'' | after=''incumbent''}} {{end box}} </center> <!--Categories--> [[Category:Bapapu|Benwa 16]] [[Category:Bapapu ya Alemania|Benwa 16]] [[Category:Bakonzi bikolo ya lelo|Benwa 16]] [[Category:Bantomá ya lelo|Benwa 16]] [[Category:Papu Benwa XVI| ]] [[Category:Mabotami ya 1927|Benwa 16]] [[Category:Basali teologi ya Alemania|Benwa 16]] <!--Interlanguage links--> {{Link FA|no}} {{Link FA|no}} [[ar:بينيدكت السادس عشر]] [[ast:Benedictu XVI]] [[bg:Бенедикт XVI]] [[zh-min-nan:Benedictus 16-sè]] [[ca:Benet XVI]] [[cs:Benedikt XVI.]] [[cy:Pab Benedict XVI]] [[da:Pave Benedikt 16.]] [[de:Benedikt XVI.]] [[et:Benedictus XVI]] [[el:Πάπας Βενέδικτος ΙΣΤ']] [[es:Benedicto XVI]] [[eo:Benedikto la 16-a]] [[fo:Benadikt XVI]] [[fr:Benoît XVI]] [[fur:Pape Benedet XVI]] [[ga:Pápa Beinidict XVI]] [[gl:Benedito XVI]] [[ko:교황 베네딕토 16세]] [[hi:जोज़फ़ रैत्सिंगर]] [[hr:Benedikt XVI.]] [[io:Benedictus 16ma]] [[id:Paus Benediktus XVI]] [[is:Benedikt XVI]] [[it:Papa Benedetto XVI]] [[he:בנדיקטוס השישה עשר]] [[la:Benedictus XVI]] [[lt:Benediktas XVI]] [[lb:Benoît XVI. (Poopst)]] [[li:Benedictus XVI]] [[hu:XVI. Benedek]] [[ms:Paus Benedict XVI]] [[mo:Папа Бенедикт ал ⅩⅥ-ля]] [[nl:Paus Benedictus XVI]] [[ja:ベネディクト16世 (ローマ教皇)]] [[no:Benedikt XVI]] [[nn:Pave Benedikt XVI]] [[pl:Papież Benedykt XVI]] [[pt:Papa Bento XVI]] [[ro:Papa Benedict al XVI-lea]] [[ru:Бенедикт XVI (Папа Римский)]] [[sco:Pape Benedict XVI]] [[sh:Benedikt XVI]] [[scn:Binidittu XVI]] [[simple:Pope Benedict XVI]] [[sk:Benedikt XVI.]] [[sl:Papež Benedikt XVI.]] [[sr:Папа Бенедикт XVI]] [[fi:Benedictus XVI]] [[sv:Benedictus XVI]] [[tl:Papa Benito XVI]] [[ta:போப் பெனடிக்ட் XVI]] [[th:สมเด็จพระสันตะปาปาเบเนดิกต์ที่ 16]] [[tpi:Benedict XVI]] [[uk:Бенедикт XVI]] [[zh:本篤十六世]] 7042 2005-11-27T20:20:21Z 24.251.68.75 {{lingála tɛ́}} {{delete}} {{bobóngoli na nkóta}} {{Infobox Pope | English name = Benedict XVI| image = [[Image:Popebenedictxvi firsttimeonthrone.jpg|200px|]]| birth_name = Joseph Alois Ratzinger| term_start = [[April 19]], [[2005]]| term_end = ''[[Incumbent]]''| predecessor = [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]]| successor = ''[[Incumbent]]''| birth_date = [[April 16]], [[1927]]| birthplace = [[Marktl am Inn]], [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]| dead = alive| death_date = | deathplace = | }} [[ar:بينيدكت السادس عشر]] [[ast:Benedictu XVI]] [[bg:Бенедикт XVI]] [[zh-min-nan:Benedictus 16-sè]] [[ca:Benet XVI]] [[cs:Benedikt XVI.]] [[cy:Pab Benedict XVI]] [[da:Pave Benedikt 16.]] [[de:Benedikt XVI.]] [[et:Benedictus XVI]] [[el:Πάπας Βενέδικτος ΙΣΤ']] [[es:Benedicto XVI]] [[eo:Benedikto la 16-a]] [[fo:Benadikt XVI]] [[fr:Benoît XVI]] [[fur:Pape Benedet XVI]] [[ga:Pápa Beinidict XVI]] [[gl:Benedito XVI]] [[ko:교황 베네딕토 16세]] [[hi:जोज़फ़ रैत्सिंगर]] [[hr:Benedikt XVI.]] [[io:Benedictus 16ma]] [[id:Paus Benediktus XVI]] [[is:Benedikt XVI]] [[it:Papa Benedetto XVI]] [[he:בנדיקטוס השישה עשר]] [[la:Benedictus XVI]] [[lt:Benediktas XVI]] [[lb:Benoît XVI. (Poopst)]] [[li:Benedictus XVI]] [[hu:XVI. Benedek]] [[ms:Paus Benedict XVI]] [[mo:Папа Бенедикт ал ⅩⅥ-ля]] [[nl:Paus Benedictus XVI]] [[ja:ベネディクト16世 (ローマ教皇)]] [[no:Benedikt XVI]] [[nn:Pave Benedikt XVI]] [[pl:Papież Benedykt XVI]] [[pt:Papa Bento XVI]] [[ro:Papa Benedict al XVI-lea]] [[ru:Бенедикт XVI (Папа Римский)]] [[sco:Pape Benedict XVI]] [[sh:Benedikt XVI]] [[scn:Binidittu XVI]] [[simple:Pope Benedict XVI]] [[sk:Benedikt XVI.]] [[sl:Papež Benedikt XVI.]] [[sr:Папа Бенедикт XVI]] [[fi:Benedictus XVI]] [[sv:Benedictus XVI]] [[tl:Papa Benito XVI]] [[ta:போப் பெனடிக்ட் XVI]] [[th:สมเด็จพระสันตะปาปาเบเนดิกต์ที่ 16]] [[tpi:Benedict XVI]] [[uk:Бенедикт XVI]] [[zh:本篤十六世]] 7184 2005-12-04T21:33:23Z Blockinblox 38 {{delete}} {{bobóngoli na nkóta}} {{Infobox Pope | English name = Benedict XVI| image = [[Image:Popebenedictxvi firsttimeonthrone.jpg|200px|]]| birth_name = Joseph Alois Ratzinger| term_start = [[April 19]], [[2005]]| term_end = ''[[Incumbent]]''| predecessor = [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]]| successor = ''[[Incumbent]]''| birth_date = [[April 16]], [[1927]]| birthplace = [[Marktl am Inn]], [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]| dead = alive| death_date = | deathplace = | }} [[ar:بينيدكت السادس عشر]] [[ast:Benedictu XVI]] [[bg:Бенедикт XVI]] [[zh-min-nan:Benedictus 16-sè]] [[ca:Benet XVI]] [[cs:Benedikt XVI.]] [[cy:Pab Benedict XVI]] [[da:Pave Benedikt 16.]] [[de:Benedikt XVI.]] [[et:Benedictus XVI]] [[el:Πάπας Βενέδικτος ΙΣΤ']] [[es:Benedicto XVI]] [[eo:Benedikto la 16-a]] [[fo:Benadikt XVI]] [[fr:Benoît XVI]] [[fur:Pape Benedet XVI]] [[ga:Pápa Beinidict XVI]] [[gl:Benedito XVI]] [[ko:교황 베네딕토 16세]] [[hi:जोज़फ़ रैत्सिंगर]] [[hr:Benedikt XVI.]] [[io:Benedictus 16ma]] [[id:Paus Benediktus XVI]] [[is:Benedikt XVI]] [[it:Papa Benedetto XVI]] [[he:בנדיקטוס השישה עשר]] [[la:Benedictus XVI]] [[lt:Benediktas XVI]] [[lb:Benoît XVI. (Poopst)]] [[li:Benedictus XVI]] [[hu:XVI. Benedek]] [[ms:Paus Benedict XVI]] [[mo:Папа Бенедикт ал ⅩⅥ-ля]] [[nl:Paus Benedictus XVI]] [[ja:ベネディクト16世 (ローマ教皇)]] [[no:Benedikt XVI]] [[nn:Pave Benedikt XVI]] [[pl:Papież Benedykt XVI]] [[pt:Papa Bento XVI]] [[ro:Papa Benedict al XVI-lea]] [[ru:Бенедикт XVI (Папа Римский)]] [[sco:Pape Benedict XVI]] [[sh:Benedikt XVI]] [[scn:Binidittu XVI]] [[simple:Pope Benedict XVI]] [[sk:Benedikt XVI.]] [[sl:Papež Benedikt XVI.]] [[sr:Папа Бенедикт XVI]] [[fi:Benedictus XVI]] [[sv:Benedictus XVI]] [[tl:Papa Benito XVI]] [[ta:போப் பெனடிக்ட் XVI]] [[th:สมเด็จพระสันตะปาปาเบเนดิกต์ที่ 16]] [[tpi:Benedict XVI]] [[uk:Бенедикт XVI]] [[zh:本篤十六世]] 7973 2006-04-05T05:02:12Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: af, bs, en, eu, ilo, ka, nap, tr, vi, war Modifie: gl, hu, tl {{delete}} {{bobóngoli na nkóta}} {{Infobox Pope | English name = Benedict XVI| image = [[Image:Popebenedictxvi firsttimeonthrone.jpg|200px|]]| birth_name = Joseph Alois Ratzinger| term_start = [[April 19]], [[2005]]| term_end = ''[[Incumbent]]''| predecessor = [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]]| successor = ''[[Incumbent]]''| birth_date = [[April 16]], [[1927]]| birthplace = [[Marktl am Inn]], [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]| dead = alive| death_date = | deathplace = | }} [[af:Pous Benedictus XVI]] [[ar:بينيدكت السادس عشر]] [[ast:Benedictu XVI]] [[bg:Бенедикт XVI]] [[bs:Benedikt XVI.]] [[ca:Benet XVI]] [[cs:Benedikt XVI.]] [[cy:Pab Benedict XVI]] [[da:Pave Benedikt 16.]] [[de:Benedikt XVI.]] [[el:Πάπας Βενέδικτος ΙΣΤ']] [[en:Pope Benedict XVI]] [[eo:Benedikto la 16-a]] [[es:Benedicto XVI]] [[et:Benedictus XVI]] [[eu:Benedikto XVI.a]] [[fi:Benedictus XVI]] [[fo:Benadikt XVI]] [[fr:Benoît XVI]] [[fur:Pape Benedet XVI]] [[ga:Pápa Beinidict XVI]] [[gl:Bieito XVI, Papa]] [[he:בנדיקטוס השישה עשר]] [[hi:जोज़फ़ रैत्सिंगर]] [[hr:Benedikt XVI.]] [[hu:XVI. Benedek pápa]] [[id:Paus Benediktus XVI]] [[ilo:Papa Benedicto XVI]] [[io:Benedictus 16ma]] [[is:Benedikt XVI]] [[it:Papa Benedetto XVI]] [[ja:ベネディクト16世 (ローマ教皇)]] [[ka:ბენედიქტე XVI]] [[ko:교황 베네딕토 16세]] [[la:Benedictus XVI]] [[lb:Benoît XVI. (Poopst)]] [[li:Benedictus XVI]] [[lt:Benediktas XVI]] [[mo:Папа Бенедикт ал ⅩⅥ-ля]] [[ms:Paus Benedict XVI]] [[nap:Papa Benedetto XVI]] [[nl:Paus Benedictus XVI]] [[nn:Pave Benedikt XVI]] [[no:Benedikt XVI]] [[pl:Papież Benedykt XVI]] [[pt:Papa Bento XVI]] [[ro:Papa Benedict al XVI-lea]] [[ru:Бенедикт XVI (Папа Римский)]] [[scn:Binidittu XVI]] [[sco:Pape Benedict XVI]] [[sh:Benedikt XVI]] [[simple:Pope Benedict XVI]] [[sk:Benedikt XVI.]] [[sl:Papež Benedikt XVI.]] [[sr:Папа Бенедикт XVI]] [[sv:Benedictus XVI]] [[ta:போப் பெனடிக்ட் XVI]] [[th:สมเด็จพระสันตะปาปาเบเนดิกต์ที่ 16]] [[tl:Papa Benedicto XVI]] [[tpi:Benedict XVI]] [[tr:Papa XVI. Benedikt]] [[uk:Бенедикт XVI]] [[vi:Benedict XVI]] [[war:Papa Benedicto XVI]] [[zh:本篤十六世]] [[zh-min-nan:Benedictus 16-sè]] 8020 2006-04-16T00:15:43Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: be {{delete}} {{bobóngoli na nkóta}} {{Infobox Pope | English name = Benedict XVI| image = [[Image:Popebenedictxvi firsttimeonthrone.jpg|200px|]]| birth_name = Joseph Alois Ratzinger| term_start = [[April 19]], [[2005]]| term_end = ''[[Incumbent]]''| predecessor = [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]]| successor = ''[[Incumbent]]''| birth_date = [[April 16]], [[1927]]| birthplace = [[Marktl am Inn]], [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]| dead = alive| death_date = | deathplace = | }} [[af:Pous Benedictus XVI]] [[ar:بينيدكت السادس عشر]] [[ast:Benedictu XVI]] [[be:Бэнэдыкт XVI (папа рымскі)]] [[bg:Бенедикт XVI]] [[bs:Benedikt XVI.]] [[ca:Benet XVI]] [[cs:Benedikt XVI.]] [[cy:Pab Benedict XVI]] [[da:Pave Benedikt 16.]] [[de:Benedikt XVI.]] [[el:Πάπας Βενέδικτος ΙΣΤ']] [[en:Pope Benedict XVI]] [[eo:Benedikto la 16-a]] [[es:Benedicto XVI]] [[et:Benedictus XVI]] [[eu:Benedikto XVI.a]] [[fi:Benedictus XVI]] [[fo:Benadikt XVI]] [[fr:Benoît XVI]] [[fur:Pape Benedet XVI]] [[ga:Pápa Beinidict XVI]] [[gl:Bieito XVI, Papa]] [[he:בנדיקטוס השישה עשר]] [[hi:जोज़फ़ रैत्सिंगर]] [[hr:Benedikt XVI.]] [[hu:XVI. Benedek pápa]] [[id:Paus Benediktus XVI]] [[ilo:Papa Benedicto XVI]] [[io:Benedictus 16ma]] [[is:Benedikt XVI]] [[it:Papa Benedetto XVI]] [[ja:ベネディクト16世 (ローマ教皇)]] [[ka:ბენედიქტე XVI]] [[ko:교황 베네딕토 16세]] [[la:Benedictus XVI]] [[lb:Benoît XVI. (Poopst)]] [[li:Benedictus XVI]] [[lt:Benediktas XVI]] [[mo:Папа Бенедикт ал ⅩⅥ-ля]] [[ms:Paus Benedict XVI]] [[nap:Papa Benedetto XVI]] [[nl:Paus Benedictus XVI]] [[nn:Pave Benedikt XVI]] [[no:Benedikt XVI]] [[pl:Papież Benedykt XVI]] [[pt:Papa Bento XVI]] [[ro:Papa Benedict al XVI-lea]] [[ru:Бенедикт XVI (Папа Римский)]] [[scn:Binidittu XVI]] [[sco:Pape Benedict XVI]] [[sh:Benedikt XVI]] [[simple:Pope Benedict XVI]] [[sk:Benedikt XVI.]] [[sl:Papež Benedikt XVI.]] [[sr:Папа Бенедикт XVI]] [[sv:Benedictus XVI]] [[ta:போப் பெனடிக்ட் XVI]] [[th:สมเด็จพระสันตะปาปาเบเนดิกต์ที่ 16]] [[tl:Papa Benedicto XVI]] [[tpi:Benedict XVI]] [[tr:Papa XVI. Benedikt]] [[uk:Бенедикт XVI]] [[vi:Benedict XVI]] [[war:Papa Benedicto XVI]] [[zh:本篤十六世]] [[zh-min-nan:Benedictus 16-sè]] 8304 2006-05-29T20:33:06Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: nds, pdc Modifie: pl, ru, tr {{delete}} {{bobóngoli na nkóta}} {{Infobox Pope | English name = Benedict XVI| image = [[Image:Popebenedictxvi firsttimeonthrone.jpg|200px|]]| birth_name = Joseph Alois Ratzinger| term_start = [[April 19]], [[2005]]| term_end = ''[[Incumbent]]''| predecessor = [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]]| successor = ''[[Incumbent]]''| birth_date = [[April 16]], [[1927]]| birthplace = [[Marktl am Inn]], [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]| dead = alive| death_date = | deathplace = | }} [[af:Pous Benedictus XVI]] [[ar:بينيدكت السادس عشر]] [[ast:Benedictu XVI]] [[be:Бэнэдыкт XVI (папа рымскі)]] [[bg:Бенедикт XVI]] [[bs:Benedikt XVI.]] [[ca:Benet XVI]] [[cs:Benedikt XVI.]] [[cy:Pab Benedict XVI]] [[da:Pave Benedikt 16.]] [[de:Benedikt XVI.]] [[el:Πάπας Βενέδικτος ΙΣΤ']] [[en:Pope Benedict XVI]] [[eo:Benedikto la 16-a]] [[es:Benedicto XVI]] [[et:Benedictus XVI]] [[eu:Benedikto XVI.a]] [[fi:Benedictus XVI]] [[fo:Benadikt XVI]] [[fr:Benoît XVI]] [[fur:Pape Benedet XVI]] [[ga:Pápa Beinidict XVI]] [[gl:Bieito XVI, Papa]] [[he:בנדיקטוס השישה עשר]] [[hi:जोज़फ़ रैत्सिंगर]] [[hr:Benedikt XVI.]] [[hu:XVI. Benedek pápa]] [[id:Paus Benediktus XVI]] [[ilo:Papa Benedicto XVI]] [[io:Benedictus 16ma]] [[is:Benedikt XVI]] [[it:Papa Benedetto XVI]] [[ja:ベネディクト16世 (ローマ教皇)]] [[ka:ბენედიქტე XVI]] [[ko:교황 베네딕토 16세]] [[la:Benedictus XVI]] [[lb:Benoît XVI. (Poopst)]] [[li:Benedictus XVI]] [[lt:Benediktas XVI]] [[mo:Папа Бенедикт ал ⅩⅥ-ля]] [[ms:Paus Benedict XVI]] [[nap:Papa Benedetto XVI]] [[nds:Benedikt XVI.]] [[nl:Paus Benedictus XVI]] [[nn:Pave Benedikt XVI]] [[no:Benedikt XVI]] [[pdc:Baapscht Benedict XVI]] [[pl:Benedykt XVI]] [[pt:Papa Bento XVI]] [[ro:Papa Benedict al XVI-lea]] [[ru:Бенедикт XVI (папа римский)]] [[scn:Binidittu XVI]] [[sco:Pape Benedict XVI]] [[sh:Benedikt XVI]] [[simple:Pope Benedict XVI]] [[sk:Benedikt XVI.]] [[sl:Papež Benedikt XVI.]] [[sr:Папа Бенедикт XVI]] [[sv:Benedictus XVI]] [[ta:போப் பெனடிக்ட் XVI]] [[th:สมเด็จพระสันตะปาปาเบเนดิกต์ที่ 16]] [[tl:Papa Benedicto XVI]] [[tpi:Benedict XVI]] [[tr:XVI. Benedikt]] [[uk:Бенедикт XVI]] [[vi:Benedict XVI]] [[war:Papa Benedicto XVI]] [[zh:本篤十六世]] [[zh-min-nan:Benedictus 16-sè]] 8452 2006-06-16T16:03:20Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: mk {{delete}} {{bobóngoli na nkóta}} {{Infobox Pope | English name = Benedict XVI| image = [[Image:Popebenedictxvi firsttimeonthrone.jpg|200px|]]| birth_name = Joseph Alois Ratzinger| term_start = [[April 19]], [[2005]]| term_end = ''[[Incumbent]]''| predecessor = [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]]| successor = ''[[Incumbent]]''| birth_date = [[April 16]], [[1927]]| birthplace = [[Marktl am Inn]], [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]| dead = alive| death_date = | deathplace = | }} [[af:Pous Benedictus XVI]] [[ar:بينيدكت السادس عشر]] [[ast:Benedictu XVI]] [[be:Бэнэдыкт XVI (папа рымскі)]] [[bg:Бенедикт XVI]] [[bs:Benedikt XVI.]] [[ca:Benet XVI]] [[cs:Benedikt XVI.]] [[cy:Pab Benedict XVI]] [[da:Pave Benedikt 16.]] [[de:Benedikt XVI.]] [[el:Πάπας Βενέδικτος ΙΣΤ']] [[en:Pope Benedict XVI]] [[eo:Benedikto la 16-a]] [[es:Benedicto XVI]] [[et:Benedictus XVI]] [[eu:Benedikto XVI.a]] [[fi:Benedictus XVI]] [[fo:Benadikt XVI]] [[fr:Benoît XVI]] [[fur:Pape Benedet XVI]] [[ga:Pápa Beinidict XVI]] [[gl:Bieito XVI, Papa]] [[he:בנדיקטוס השישה עשר]] [[hi:जोज़फ़ रैत्सिंगर]] [[hr:Benedikt XVI.]] [[hu:XVI. Benedek pápa]] [[id:Paus Benediktus XVI]] [[ilo:Papa Benedicto XVI]] [[io:Benedictus 16ma]] [[is:Benedikt XVI]] [[it:Papa Benedetto XVI]] [[ja:ベネディクト16世 (ローマ教皇)]] [[ka:ბენედიქტე XVI]] [[ko:교황 베네딕토 16세]] [[la:Benedictus XVI]] [[lb:Benoît XVI. (Poopst)]] [[li:Benedictus XVI]] [[lt:Benediktas XVI]] [[mk:Бенедикт XVI]] [[mo:Папа Бенедикт ал ⅩⅥ-ля]] [[ms:Paus Benedict XVI]] [[nap:Papa Benedetto XVI]] [[nds:Benedikt XVI.]] [[nl:Paus Benedictus XVI]] [[nn:Pave Benedikt XVI]] [[no:Benedikt XVI]] [[pdc:Baapscht Benedict XVI]] [[pl:Benedykt XVI]] [[pt:Papa Bento XVI]] [[ro:Papa Benedict al XVI-lea]] [[ru:Бенедикт XVI (папа римский)]] [[scn:Binidittu XVI]] [[sco:Pape Benedict XVI]] [[sh:Benedikt XVI]] [[simple:Pope Benedict XVI]] [[sk:Benedikt XVI.]] [[sl:Papež Benedikt XVI.]] [[sr:Папа Бенедикт XVI]] [[sv:Benedictus XVI]] [[ta:போப் பெனடிக்ட் XVI]] [[th:สมเด็จพระสันตะปาปาเบเนดิกต์ที่ 16]] [[tl:Papa Benedicto XVI]] [[tpi:Benedict XVI]] [[tr:XVI. Benedikt]] [[uk:Бенедикт XVI]] [[vi:Benedict XVI]] [[war:Papa Benedicto XVI]] [[zh:本篤十六世]] [[zh-min-nan:Benedictus 16-sè]] 8945 2006-07-23T05:23:31Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: bat-smg Modifie: mo {{delete}} {{bobóngoli na nkóta}} {{Infobox Pope | English name = Benedict XVI| image = [[Image:Popebenedictxvi firsttimeonthrone.jpg|200px|]]| birth_name = Joseph Alois Ratzinger| term_start = [[April 19]], [[2005]]| term_end = ''[[Incumbent]]''| predecessor = [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]]| successor = ''[[Incumbent]]''| birth_date = [[April 16]], [[1927]]| birthplace = [[Marktl am Inn]], [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]| dead = alive| death_date = | deathplace = | }} [[af:Pous Benedictus XVI]] [[ar:بينيدكت السادس عشر]] [[ast:Benedictu XVI]] [[bat-smg:Benedikts XVI]] [[be:Бэнэдыкт XVI (папа рымскі)]] [[bg:Бенедикт XVI]] [[bs:Benedikt XVI.]] [[ca:Benet XVI]] [[cs:Benedikt XVI.]] [[cy:Pab Benedict XVI]] [[da:Pave Benedikt 16.]] [[de:Benedikt XVI.]] [[el:Πάπας Βενέδικτος ΙΣΤ']] [[en:Pope Benedict XVI]] [[eo:Benedikto la 16-a]] [[es:Benedicto XVI]] [[et:Benedictus XVI]] [[eu:Benedikto XVI.a]] [[fi:Benedictus XVI]] [[fo:Benadikt XVI]] [[fr:Benoît XVI]] [[fur:Pape Benedet XVI]] [[ga:Pápa Beinidict XVI]] [[gl:Bieito XVI, Papa]] [[he:בנדיקטוס השישה עשר]] [[hi:जोज़फ़ रैत्सिंगर]] [[hr:Benedikt XVI.]] [[hu:XVI. Benedek pápa]] [[id:Paus Benediktus XVI]] [[ilo:Papa Benedicto XVI]] [[io:Benedictus 16ma]] [[is:Benedikt XVI]] [[it:Papa Benedetto XVI]] [[ja:ベネディクト16世 (ローマ教皇)]] [[ka:ბენედიქტე XVI]] [[ko:교황 베네딕토 16세]] [[la:Benedictus XVI]] [[lb:Benoît XVI. (Poopst)]] [[li:Benedictus XVI]] [[lt:Benediktas XVI]] [[mk:Бенедикт XVI]] [[mo:Папа Бенедикт ал XVI-ля]] [[ms:Paus Benedict XVI]] [[nap:Papa Benedetto XVI]] [[nds:Benedikt XVI.]] [[nl:Paus Benedictus XVI]] [[nn:Pave Benedikt XVI]] [[no:Benedikt XVI]] [[pdc:Baapscht Benedict XVI]] [[pl:Benedykt XVI]] [[pt:Papa Bento XVI]] [[ro:Papa Benedict al XVI-lea]] [[ru:Бенедикт XVI (папа римский)]] [[scn:Binidittu XVI]] [[sco:Pape Benedict XVI]] [[sh:Benedikt XVI]] [[simple:Pope Benedict XVI]] [[sk:Benedikt XVI.]] [[sl:Papež Benedikt XVI.]] [[sr:Папа Бенедикт XVI]] [[sv:Benedictus XVI]] [[ta:போப் பெனடிக்ட் XVI]] [[th:สมเด็จพระสันตะปาปาเบเนดิกต์ที่ 16]] [[tl:Papa Benedicto XVI]] [[tpi:Benedict XVI]] [[tr:XVI. Benedikt]] [[uk:Бенедикт XVI]] [[vi:Benedict XVI]] [[war:Papa Benedicto XVI]] [[zh:本篤十六世]] [[zh-min-nan:Benedictus 16-sè]] 9400 2006-09-30T20:01:38Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: nrm, pam, ur Modifie: el, mk {{delete}} {{bobóngoli na nkóta}} {{Infobox Pope | English name = Benedict XVI| image = [[Image:Popebenedictxvi firsttimeonthrone.jpg|200px|]]| birth_name = Joseph Alois Ratzinger| term_start = [[April 19]], [[2005]]| term_end = ''[[Incumbent]]''| predecessor = [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]]| successor = ''[[Incumbent]]''| birth_date = [[April 16]], [[1927]]| birthplace = [[Marktl am Inn]], [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]| dead = alive| death_date = | deathplace = | }} [[af:Pous Benedictus XVI]] [[ar:بينيدكت السادس عشر]] [[ast:Benedictu XVI]] [[bat-smg:Benedikts XVI]] [[be:Бэнэдыкт XVI (папа рымскі)]] [[bg:Бенедикт XVI]] [[bs:Benedikt XVI.]] [[ca:Benet XVI]] [[cs:Benedikt XVI.]] [[cy:Pab Benedict XVI]] [[da:Pave Benedikt 16.]] [[de:Benedikt XVI.]] [[el:Πάπας Βενέδικτος ΙΣΤ΄]] [[en:Pope Benedict XVI]] [[eo:Benedikto la 16-a]] [[es:Benedicto XVI]] [[et:Benedictus XVI]] [[eu:Benedikto XVI.a]] [[fi:Benedictus XVI]] [[fo:Benadikt XVI]] [[fr:Benoît XVI]] [[fur:Pape Benedet XVI]] [[ga:Pápa Beinidict XVI]] [[gl:Bieito XVI, Papa]] [[he:בנדיקטוס השישה עשר]] [[hi:जोज़फ़ रैत्सिंगर]] [[hr:Benedikt XVI.]] [[hu:XVI. Benedek pápa]] [[id:Paus Benediktus XVI]] [[ilo:Papa Benedicto XVI]] [[io:Benedictus 16ma]] [[is:Benedikt XVI]] [[it:Papa Benedetto XVI]] [[ja:ベネディクト16世 (ローマ教皇)]] [[ka:ბენედიქტე XVI]] [[ko:교황 베네딕토 16세]] [[la:Benedictus XVI]] [[lb:Benoît XVI. (Poopst)]] [[li:Benedictus XVI]] [[lt:Benediktas XVI]] [[mk:Папа Бенедикт XVI]] [[mo:Папа Бенедикт ал XVI-ля]] [[ms:Paus Benedict XVI]] [[nap:Papa Benedetto XVI]] [[nds:Benedikt XVI.]] [[nl:Paus Benedictus XVI]] [[nn:Pave Benedikt XVI]] [[no:Benedikt XVI]] [[nrm:Benedictus XVI]] [[pam:Papa Benedict XVI]] [[pdc:Baapscht Benedict XVI]] [[pl:Benedykt XVI]] [[pt:Papa Bento XVI]] [[ro:Papa Benedict al XVI-lea]] [[ru:Бенедикт XVI (папа римский)]] [[scn:Binidittu XVI]] [[sco:Pape Benedict XVI]] [[sh:Benedikt XVI]] [[simple:Pope Benedict XVI]] [[sk:Benedikt XVI.]] [[sl:Papež Benedikt XVI.]] [[sr:Папа Бенедикт XVI]] [[sv:Benedictus XVI]] [[ta:போப் பெனடிக்ட் XVI]] [[th:สมเด็จพระสันตะปาปาเบเนดิกต์ที่ 16]] [[tl:Papa Benedicto XVI]] [[tpi:Benedict XVI]] [[tr:XVI. Benedikt]] [[uk:Бенедикт XVI]] [[ur:پوپ بینیڈکٹ XVI]] [[vi:Benedict XVI]] [[war:Papa Benedicto XVI]] [[zh:本篤十六世]] [[zh-min-nan:Benedictus 16-sè]] 9419 2006-10-05T23:49:26Z Robbot 14 robot Ajoute: [[hsb:Benedikt XVI.]], [[ksh:Benedikt XVI.]] {{delete}} {{bobóngoli na nkóta}} {{Infobox Pope | English name = Benedict XVI| image = [[Image:Popebenedictxvi firsttimeonthrone.jpg|200px|]]| birth_name = Joseph Alois Ratzinger| term_start = [[April 19]], [[2005]]| term_end = ''[[Incumbent]]''| predecessor = [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]]| successor = ''[[Incumbent]]''| birth_date = [[April 16]], [[1927]]| birthplace = [[Marktl am Inn]], [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]| dead = alive| death_date = | deathplace = | }} [[af:Pous Benedictus XVI]] [[ar:بينيدكت السادس عشر]] [[ast:Benedictu XVI]] [[bat-smg:Benedikts XVI]] [[be:Бэнэдыкт XVI (папа рымскі)]] [[bg:Бенедикт XVI]] [[bs:Benedikt XVI.]] [[ca:Benet XVI]] [[cs:Benedikt XVI.]] [[cy:Pab Benedict XVI]] [[da:Pave Benedikt 16.]] [[de:Benedikt XVI.]] [[el:Πάπας Βενέδικτος ΙΣΤ΄]] [[en:Pope Benedict XVI]] [[eo:Benedikto la 16-a]] [[es:Benedicto XVI]] [[et:Benedictus XVI]] [[eu:Benedikto XVI.a]] [[fi:Benedictus XVI]] [[fo:Benadikt XVI]] [[fr:Benoît XVI]] [[fur:Pape Benedet XVI]] [[ga:Pápa Beinidict XVI]] [[gl:Bieito XVI, Papa]] [[he:בנדיקטוס השישה עשר]] [[hi:जोज़फ़ रैत्सिंगर]] [[hr:Benedikt XVI.]] [[hsb:Benedikt XVI.]] [[hu:XVI. Benedek pápa]] [[id:Paus Benediktus XVI]] [[ilo:Papa Benedicto XVI]] [[io:Benedictus 16ma]] [[is:Benedikt XVI]] [[it:Papa Benedetto XVI]] [[ja:ベネディクト16世 (ローマ教皇)]] [[ka:ბენედიქტე XVI]] [[ko:교황 베네딕토 16세]] [[ksh:Benedikt XVI.]] [[la:Benedictus XVI]] [[lb:Benoît XVI. (Poopst)]] [[li:Benedictus XVI]] [[lt:Benediktas XVI]] [[mk:Папа Бенедикт XVI]] [[mo:Папа Бенедикт ал XVI-ля]] [[ms:Paus Benedict XVI]] [[nap:Papa Benedetto XVI]] [[nds:Benedikt XVI.]] [[nl:Paus Benedictus XVI]] [[nn:Pave Benedikt XVI]] [[no:Benedikt XVI]] [[nrm:Benedictus XVI]] [[pam:Papa Benedict XVI]] [[pdc:Baapscht Benedict XVI]] [[pl:Benedykt XVI]] [[pt:Papa Bento XVI]] [[ro:Papa Benedict al XVI-lea]] [[ru:Бенедикт XVI (папа римский)]] [[scn:Binidittu XVI]] [[sco:Pape Benedict XVI]] [[sh:Benedikt XVI]] [[simple:Pope Benedict XVI]] [[sk:Benedikt XVI.]] [[sl:Papež Benedikt XVI.]] [[sr:Папа Бенедикт XVI]] [[sv:Benedictus XVI]] [[ta:போப் பெனடிக்ட் XVI]] [[th:สมเด็จพระสันตะปาปาเบเนดิกต์ที่ 16]] [[tl:Papa Benedicto XVI]] [[tpi:Benedict XVI]] [[tr:XVI. Benedikt]] [[uk:Бенедикт XVI]] [[ur:پوپ بینیڈکٹ XVI]] [[vi:Benedict XVI]] [[war:Papa Benedicto XVI]] [[zh:本篤十六世]] [[zh-min-nan:Benedictus 16-sè]] 9438 2006-10-09T06:25:36Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: [[sq:Papa Benedikt XVI]] Modifie: [[tr:XVI. Benedictus]] {{delete}} {{bobóngoli na nkóta}} {{Infobox Pope | English name = Benedict XVI| image = [[Image:Popebenedictxvi firsttimeonthrone.jpg|200px|]]| birth_name = Joseph Alois Ratzinger| term_start = [[April 19]], [[2005]]| term_end = ''[[Incumbent]]''| predecessor = [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]]| successor = ''[[Incumbent]]''| birth_date = [[April 16]], [[1927]]| birthplace = [[Marktl am Inn]], [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]| dead = alive| death_date = | deathplace = | }} [[hsb:Benedikt XVI.]] [[af:Pous Benedictus XVI]] [[ar:بينيدكت السادس عشر]] [[ast:Benedictu XVI]] [[bat-smg:Benedikts XVI]] [[be:Бэнэдыкт XVI (папа рымскі)]] [[bg:Бенедикт XVI]] [[bs:Benedikt XVI.]] [[ca:Benet XVI]] [[cs:Benedikt XVI.]] [[cy:Pab Benedict XVI]] [[da:Pave Benedikt 16.]] [[de:Benedikt XVI.]] [[el:Πάπας Βενέδικτος ΙΣΤ΄]] [[en:Pope Benedict XVI]] [[eo:Benedikto la 16-a]] [[es:Benedicto XVI]] [[et:Benedictus XVI]] [[eu:Benedikto XVI.a]] [[fi:Benedictus XVI]] [[fo:Benadikt XVI]] [[fr:Benoît XVI]] [[fur:Pape Benedet XVI]] [[ga:Pápa Beinidict XVI]] [[gl:Bieito XVI, Papa]] [[he:בנדיקטוס השישה עשר]] [[hi:जोज़फ़ रैत्सिंगर]] [[hr:Benedikt XVI.]] [[hu:XVI. Benedek pápa]] [[id:Paus Benediktus XVI]] [[ilo:Papa Benedicto XVI]] [[io:Benedictus 16ma]] [[is:Benedikt XVI]] [[it:Papa Benedetto XVI]] [[ja:ベネディクト16世 (ローマ教皇)]] [[ka:ბენედიქტე XVI]] [[ko:교황 베네딕토 16세]] [[ksh:Benedikt XVI.]] [[la:Benedictus XVI]] [[lb:Benoît XVI. (Poopst)]] [[li:Benedictus XVI]] [[lt:Benediktas XVI]] [[mk:Папа Бенедикт XVI]] [[mo:Папа Бенедикт ал XVI-ля]] [[ms:Paus Benedict XVI]] [[nap:Papa Benedetto XVI]] [[nds:Benedikt XVI.]] [[nl:Paus Benedictus XVI]] [[nn:Pave Benedikt XVI]] [[no:Benedikt XVI]] [[nrm:Benedictus XVI]] [[pam:Papa Benedict XVI]] [[pdc:Baapscht Benedict XVI]] [[pl:Benedykt XVI]] [[pt:Papa Bento XVI]] [[ro:Papa Benedict al XVI-lea]] [[ru:Бенедикт XVI (папа римский)]] [[scn:Binidittu XVI]] [[sco:Pape Benedict XVI]] [[sh:Benedikt XVI]] [[simple:Pope Benedict XVI]] [[sk:Benedikt XVI.]] [[sl:Papež Benedikt XVI.]] [[sq:Papa Benedikt XVI]] [[sr:Папа Бенедикт XVI]] [[sv:Benedictus XVI]] [[ta:போப் பெனடிக்ட் XVI]] [[th:สมเด็จพระสันตะปาปาเบเนดิกต์ที่ 16]] [[tl:Papa Benedicto XVI]] [[tpi:Benedict XVI]] [[tr:XVI. Benedictus]] [[uk:Бенедикт XVI]] [[ur:پوپ بینیڈکٹ XVI]] [[vi:Benedict XVI]] [[war:Papa Benedicto XVI]] [[zh:本篤十六世]] [[zh-min-nan:Benedictus 16-sè]] 9755 2006-11-13T11:26:47Z 160.85.2.50 '''Benwa XVI''' ([[Latin]]: ''Benedictus PP. XVI''; born [[16 aprili]], [[1927]] as '''Joseph Alois Ratzinger''') ezaláí [[Mokambi-Ekólo]] ya [[Vatikani]] na [[Pápa]] ya [[Eklezya ya bakatolike]] na [[19 aprili]] [[2005]] {{bobóngoli na nkóta}} {{Infobox Pope | Lingala name = Benwa XVI| image = [[Image:Popebenedictxvi firsttimeonthrone.jpg|200px|]]| birth_name = Joseph Alois Ratzinger| term_start = [[19 aprili]], [[2005]]| term_end = | predecessor = [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]]| successor = | birth_date = [[16 Aprili]], [[1927]]| birthplace = [[Marktl am Inn]], [[Bavière]], [[Alémani]]| dead = alive| death_date = | deathplace = | }} [[Category:Pápa]] [[af:Pous Benedictus XVI]] [[ar:بينيدكت السادس عشر]] [[ast:Benedictu XVI]] [[bat-smg:Benedikts XVI]] [[be:Бэнэдыкт XVI (папа рымскі)]] [[bg:Бенедикт XVI]] [[bs:Benedikt XVI.]] [[ca:Benet XVI]] [[cs:Benedikt XVI.]] [[cy:Pab Benedict XVI]] [[da:Pave Benedikt 16.]] [[de:Benedikt XVI.]] [[el:Πάπας Βενέδικτος ΙΣΤ΄]] [[en:Pope Benedict XVI]] [[eo:Benedikto la 16-a]] [[es:Benedicto XVI]] [[et:Benedictus XVI]] [[eu:Benedikto XVI.a]] [[fi:Benedictus XVI]] [[fo:Benadikt XVI]] [[fr:Benoît XVI]] [[fur:Pape Benedet XVI]] [[ga:Pápa Beinidict XVI]] [[gl:Bieito XVI, Papa]] [[he:בנדיקטוס השישה עשר]] [[hi:जोज़फ़ रैत्सिंगर]] [[hr:Benedikt XVI.]] [[hsb:Benedikt XVI.]] [[hu:XVI. Benedek pápa]] [[id:Paus Benediktus XVI]] [[ilo:Papa Benedicto XVI]] [[io:Benedictus 16ma]] [[is:Benedikt XVI]] [[it:Papa Benedetto XVI]] [[ja:ベネディクト16世 (ローマ教皇)]] [[ka:ბენედიქტე XVI]] [[ko:교황 베네딕토 16세]] [[ksh:Benedikt XVI.]] [[la:Benedictus XVI]] [[lb:Benoît XVI. (Poopst)]] [[li:Benedictus XVI]] [[lt:Benediktas XVI]] [[mk:Папа Бенедикт XVI]] [[mo:Папа Бенедикт ал XVI-ля]] [[ms:Paus Benedict XVI]] [[nap:Papa Benedetto XVI]] [[nds:Benedikt XVI.]] [[nl:Paus Benedictus XVI]] [[nn:Pave Benedikt XVI]] [[no:Benedikt XVI]] [[nrm:Benedictus XVI]] [[pam:Papa Benedict XVI]] [[pdc:Baapscht Benedict XVI]] [[pl:Benedykt XVI]] [[pt:Papa Bento XVI]] [[ro:Papa Benedict al XVI-lea]] [[ru:Бенедикт XVI (папа римский)]] [[scn:Binidittu XVI]] [[sco:Pape Benedict XVI]] [[sh:Benedikt XVI]] [[simple:Pope Benedict XVI]] [[sk:Benedikt XVI.]] [[sl:Papež Benedikt XVI.]] [[sq:Papa Benedikt XVI]] [[sr:Папа Бенедикт XVI]] [[sv:Benedictus XVI]] [[ta:போப் பெனடிக்ட் XVI]] [[th:สมเด็จพระสันตะปาปาเบเนดิกต์ที่ 16]] [[tl:Papa Benedicto XVI]] [[tpi:Benedict XVI]] [[tr:XVI. Benedictus]] [[uk:Бенедикт XVI]] [[ur:پوپ بینیڈکٹ XVI]] [[vi:Benedict XVI]] [[war:Papa Benedicto XVI]] [[zh:本篤十六世]] [[zh-min-nan:Benedictus 16-sè]] 9761 2006-11-13T11:39:43Z 160.85.2.50 '''Benwa XVI''' ([[Latin]]: ''Benedictus PP. XVI''; born [[16 aprili]], [[1927]] as '''Joseph Alois Ratzinger''') ezaláí [[Mokambi-Ekólo]] ya [[Vatikani]] na [[Pápa]] ya [[Eklezya ya bakatolike]] na [[19 aprili]] [[2005]] {{bobóngoli na nkóta}} {{Infobox Pápa | Lingala name = Benwa XVI| ililingi = [[Image:Popebenedictxvi firsttimeonthrone.jpg|200px|]]| abótámi_name = Joseph Alois Ratzinger| term_start = [[19 aprili]], [[2005]]| term_end = | predecesseur = [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]]| successeur = | abótámi_date = [[16 Aprili]], [[1927]]| abótámi place = [[Marktl am Inn]], [[Bavière]], [[Alémani]]| akúfí = | akúfí_date = | akúfí place = | }} [[Category:Pápa]] [[af:Pous Benedictus XVI]] [[ar:بينيدكت السادس عشر]] [[ast:Benedictu XVI]] [[bat-smg:Benedikts XVI]] [[be:Бэнэдыкт XVI (папа рымскі)]] [[bg:Бенедикт XVI]] [[bs:Benedikt XVI.]] [[ca:Benet XVI]] [[cs:Benedikt XVI.]] [[cy:Pab Benedict XVI]] [[da:Pave Benedikt 16.]] [[de:Benedikt XVI.]] [[el:Πάπας Βενέδικτος ΙΣΤ΄]] [[en:Pope Benedict XVI]] [[eo:Benedikto la 16-a]] [[es:Benedicto XVI]] [[et:Benedictus XVI]] [[eu:Benedikto XVI.a]] [[fi:Benedictus XVI]] [[fo:Benadikt XVI]] [[fr:Benoît XVI]] [[fur:Pape Benedet XVI]] [[ga:Pápa Beinidict XVI]] [[gl:Bieito XVI, Papa]] [[he:בנדיקטוס השישה עשר]] [[hi:जोज़फ़ रैत्सिंगर]] [[hr:Benedikt XVI.]] [[hsb:Benedikt XVI.]] [[hu:XVI. Benedek pápa]] [[id:Paus Benediktus XVI]] [[ilo:Papa Benedicto XVI]] [[io:Benedictus 16ma]] [[is:Benedikt XVI]] [[it:Papa Benedetto XVI]] [[ja:ベネディクト16世 (ローマ教皇)]] [[ka:ბენედიქტე XVI]] [[ko:교황 베네딕토 16세]] [[ksh:Benedikt XVI.]] [[la:Benedictus XVI]] [[lb:Benoît XVI. (Poopst)]] [[li:Benedictus XVI]] [[lt:Benediktas XVI]] [[mk:Папа Бенедикт XVI]] [[mo:Папа Бенедикт ал XVI-ля]] [[ms:Paus Benedict XVI]] [[nap:Papa Benedetto XVI]] [[nds:Benedikt XVI.]] [[nl:Paus Benedictus XVI]] [[nn:Pave Benedikt XVI]] [[no:Benedikt XVI]] [[nrm:Benedictus XVI]] [[pam:Papa Benedict XVI]] [[pdc:Baapscht Benedict XVI]] [[pl:Benedykt XVI]] [[pt:Papa Bento XVI]] [[ro:Papa Benedict al XVI-lea]] [[ru:Бенедикт XVI (папа римский)]] [[scn:Binidittu XVI]] [[sco:Pape Benedict XVI]] [[sh:Benedikt XVI]] [[simple:Pope Benedict XVI]] [[sk:Benedikt XVI.]] [[sl:Papež Benedikt XVI.]] [[sq:Papa Benedikt XVI]] [[sr:Папа Бенедикт XVI]] [[sv:Benedictus XVI]] [[ta:போப் பெனடிக்ட் XVI]] [[th:สมเด็จพระสันตะปาปาเบเนดิกต์ที่ 16]] [[tl:Papa Benedicto XVI]] [[tpi:Benedict XVI]] [[tr:XVI. Benedictus]] [[uk:Бенедикт XVI]] [[ur:پوپ بینیڈکٹ XVI]] [[vi:Benedict XVI]] [[war:Papa Benedicto XVI]] [[zh:本篤十六世]] [[zh-min-nan:Benedictus 16-sè]] 9767 2006-11-14T22:01:53Z 84.75.123.252 template '''Benwa XVI''' ([[Latin]]: ''Benedictus PP. XVI''; born [[16 aprili]], [[1927]] as '''Joseph Alois Ratzinger''') ezaláí [[Mokambi-Ekólo]] ya [[Vatikani]] na [[Pápa]] ya [[Eklezya ya bakatolike]] na [[19 aprili]] [[2005]] {{bobóngoli na nkóta}} {{Infobox Pápa | Nkombo lingála = Benwa XVI| image = [[Image:Pope Benedictus XVI january,20 2006 (2) mod.jpg|200px]]| Nkombo ya mbotama = Joseph Alois Ratzinger| *Pápacy&nbsp;kobanda = [[19 aprili]] [[2005]]| *Pápacy&nbsp;nsuka = —| *Predecesseur = [[Pápa Jean Paul II|Jean Paul II]]| *Successeur = —| Ɛlaka ya mbotama = [[16 Aprili]] [[1927]]| Mokili = [[Alémani]]| Ɛlaka ya liwa = —| }} [[Category:Pápa]] [[af:Pous Benedictus XVI]] [[ar:بينيدكت السادس عشر]] [[ast:Benedictu XVI]] [[bat-smg:Benedikts XVI]] [[be:Бэнэдыкт XVI (папа рымскі)]] [[bg:Бенедикт XVI]] [[bs:Benedikt XVI.]] [[ca:Benet XVI]] [[cs:Benedikt XVI.]] [[cy:Pab Benedict XVI]] [[da:Pave Benedikt 16.]] [[de:Benedikt XVI.]] [[el:Πάπας Βενέδικτος ΙΣΤ΄]] [[en:Pope Benedict XVI]] [[eo:Benedikto la 16-a]] [[es:Benedicto XVI]] [[et:Benedictus XVI]] [[eu:Benedikto XVI.a]] [[fi:Benedictus XVI]] [[fo:Benadikt XVI]] [[fr:Benoît XVI]] [[fur:Pape Benedet XVI]] [[ga:Pápa Beinidict XVI]] [[gl:Bieito XVI, Papa]] [[he:בנדיקטוס השישה עשר]] [[hi:जोज़फ़ रैत्सिंगर]] [[hr:Benedikt XVI.]] [[hsb:Benedikt XVI.]] [[hu:XVI. Benedek pápa]] [[id:Paus Benediktus XVI]] [[ilo:Papa Benedicto XVI]] [[io:Benedictus 16ma]] [[is:Benedikt XVI]] [[it:Papa Benedetto XVI]] [[ja:ベネディクト16世 (ローマ教皇)]] [[ka:ბენედიქტე XVI]] [[ko:교황 베네딕토 16세]] [[ksh:Benedikt XVI.]] [[la:Benedictus XVI]] [[lb:Benoît XVI. (Poopst)]] [[li:Benedictus XVI]] [[lt:Benediktas XVI]] [[mk:Папа Бенедикт XVI]] [[mo:Папа Бенедикт ал XVI-ля]] [[ms:Paus Benedict XVI]] [[nap:Papa Benedetto XVI]] [[nds:Benedikt XVI.]] [[nl:Paus Benedictus XVI]] [[nn:Pave Benedikt XVI]] [[no:Benedikt XVI]] [[nrm:Benedictus XVI]] [[pam:Papa Benedict XVI]] [[pdc:Baapscht Benedict XVI]] [[pl:Benedykt XVI]] [[pt:Papa Bento XVI]] [[ro:Papa Benedict al XVI-lea]] [[ru:Бенедикт XVI (папа римский)]] [[scn:Binidittu XVI]] [[sco:Pape Benedict XVI]] [[sh:Benedikt XVI]] [[simple:Pope Benedict XVI]] [[sk:Benedikt XVI.]] [[sl:Papež Benedikt XVI.]] [[sq:Papa Benedikt XVI]] [[sr:Папа Бенедикт XVI]] [[sv:Benedictus XVI]] [[ta:போப் பெனடிக்ட் XVI]] [[th:สมเด็จพระสันตะปาปาเบเนดิกต์ที่ 16]] [[tl:Papa Benedicto XVI]] [[tpi:Benedict XVI]] [[tr:XVI. Benedictus]] [[uk:Бенедикт XVI]] [[ur:پوپ بینیڈکٹ XVI]] [[vi:Benedict XVI]] [[war:Papa Benedicto XVI]] [[zh:本篤十六世]] [[zh-min-nan:Benedictus 16-sè]] 9793 2006-11-18T13:51:14Z Moyogo 11 {{Infobox Pápa | Nkómbó lingála = Benwa XVI| image = [[Image:Pope Benedictus XVI january,20 2006 (2) mod.jpg|200px]]| Nkómbó ya mbótama = Joseph Alois Ratzinger| *Pápacy&nbsp;kobanda = [[19 aprili]] [[2005]]| *Pápacy&nbsp;nsuka = —| *Predecesseur = [[Pápa Jean Paul II|Jean Paul II]]| *Successeur = —| Elaká ya mbótama = [[16 Aprili]] [[1927]]| Ekólo = [[Alémani]]| Elaká ya liwâ = —| }} '''Benwa XVI''' ([[Latin]]: ''Benedictus PP. XVI''; abótámi o [[mokɔlɔ 16 ya sánzá ya ínéi]], [[1927]] nkómbó '''Joseph Alois Ratzinger''') ezalí [[Mokambi-Ekólo]] ya [[Vatikani]] na [[Pápa]] ya [[Eklezya ya bakatolike]] na [[19 ya sánzá ya ínéi]] [[2005]]. [[Category:Pápa]] [[af:Pous Benedictus XVI]] [[ar:بينيدكت السادس عشر]] [[ast:Benedictu XVI]] [[bat-smg:Benedikts XVI]] [[be:Бэнэдыкт XVI (папа рымскі)]] [[bg:Бенедикт XVI]] [[bs:Benedikt XVI.]] [[ca:Benet XVI]] [[cs:Benedikt XVI.]] [[cy:Pab Benedict XVI]] [[da:Pave Benedikt 16.]] [[de:Benedikt XVI.]] [[el:Πάπας Βενέδικτος ΙΣΤ΄]] [[en:Pope Benedict XVI]] [[eo:Benedikto la 16-a]] [[es:Benedicto XVI]] [[et:Benedictus XVI]] [[eu:Benedikto XVI.a]] [[fi:Benedictus XVI]] [[fo:Benadikt XVI]] [[fr:Benoît XVI]] [[fur:Pape Benedet XVI]] [[ga:Pápa Beinidict XVI]] [[gl:Bieito XVI, Papa]] [[he:בנדיקטוס השישה עשר]] [[hi:जोज़फ़ रैत्सिंगर]] [[hr:Benedikt XVI.]] [[hsb:Benedikt XVI.]] [[hu:XVI. Benedek pápa]] [[id:Paus Benediktus XVI]] [[ilo:Papa Benedicto XVI]] [[io:Benedictus 16ma]] [[is:Benedikt XVI]] [[it:Papa Benedetto XVI]] [[ja:ベネディクト16世 (ローマ教皇)]] [[ka:ბენედიქტე XVI]] [[ko:교황 베네딕토 16세]] [[ksh:Benedikt XVI.]] [[la:Benedictus XVI]] [[lb:Benoît XVI. (Poopst)]] [[li:Benedictus XVI]] [[lt:Benediktas XVI]] [[mk:Папа Бенедикт XVI]] [[mo:Папа Бенедикт ал XVI-ля]] [[ms:Paus Benedict XVI]] [[nap:Papa Benedetto XVI]] [[nds:Benedikt XVI.]] [[nl:Paus Benedictus XVI]] [[nn:Pave Benedikt XVI]] [[no:Benedikt XVI]] [[nrm:Benedictus XVI]] [[pam:Papa Benedict XVI]] [[pdc:Baapscht Benedict XVI]] [[pl:Benedykt XVI]] [[pt:Papa Bento XVI]] [[ro:Papa Benedict al XVI-lea]] [[ru:Бенедикт XVI (папа римский)]] [[scn:Binidittu XVI]] [[sco:Pape Benedict XVI]] [[sh:Benedikt XVI]] [[simple:Pope Benedict XVI]] [[sk:Benedikt XVI.]] [[sl:Papež Benedikt XVI.]] [[sq:Papa Benedikt XVI]] [[sr:Папа Бенедикт XVI]] [[sv:Benedictus XVI]] [[ta:போப் பெனடிக்ட் XVI]] [[th:สมเด็จพระสันตะปาปาเบเนดิกต์ที่ 16]] [[tl:Papa Benedicto XVI]] [[tpi:Benedict XVI]] [[tr:XVI. Benedictus]] [[uk:Бенедикт XVI]] [[ur:پوپ بینیڈکٹ XVI]] [[vi:Benedict XVI]] [[war:Papa Benedicto XVI]] [[zh:本篤十六世]] [[zh-min-nan:Benedictus 16-sè]] 9794 2006-11-18T13:52:14Z Moyogo 11 {{Infobox Pápa | Nkómbó lingála = Benwa XVI| image = [[Image:Pope Benedictus XVI january,20 2006 (2) mod.jpg|200px]]| Nkómbó ya mbótama = Joseph Alois Ratzinger| *Pápacy&nbsp;kobanda = [[19 aprili]] [[2005]]| *Pápacy&nbsp;nsúka = —| *Predecesseur = [[Pápa Jean Paul II|Jean Paul II]]| mokitani = —| Elaká ya mbótama = [[16 Aprili]] [[1927]]| Ekólo = [[Alémani]]| Elaká ya liwâ = —| }} '''Benwa XVI''' ([[Latin]]: ''Benedictus PP. XVI''; abótámi o [[mokɔlɔ 16 ya sánzá ya ínéi]], [[1927]] nkómbó '''Joseph Alois Ratzinger''') ezalí [[Mokambi-Ekólo]] ya [[Vatikani]] na [[Pápa]] ya [[Eklezya ya bakatolike]] na [[19 ya sánzá ya ínéi]] [[2005]]. [[Category:Pápa]] [[af:Pous Benedictus XVI]] [[ar:بينيدكت السادس عشر]] [[ast:Benedictu XVI]] [[bat-smg:Benedikts XVI]] [[be:Бэнэдыкт XVI (папа рымскі)]] [[bg:Бенедикт XVI]] [[bs:Benedikt XVI.]] [[ca:Benet XVI]] [[cs:Benedikt XVI.]] [[cy:Pab Benedict XVI]] [[da:Pave Benedikt 16.]] [[de:Benedikt XVI.]] [[el:Πάπας Βενέδικτος ΙΣΤ΄]] [[en:Pope Benedict XVI]] [[eo:Benedikto la 16-a]] [[es:Benedicto XVI]] [[et:Benedictus XVI]] [[eu:Benedikto XVI.a]] [[fi:Benedictus XVI]] [[fo:Benadikt XVI]] [[fr:Benoît XVI]] [[fur:Pape Benedet XVI]] [[ga:Pápa Beinidict XVI]] [[gl:Bieito XVI, Papa]] [[he:בנדיקטוס השישה עשר]] [[hi:जोज़फ़ रैत्सिंगर]] [[hr:Benedikt XVI.]] [[hsb:Benedikt XVI.]] [[hu:XVI. Benedek pápa]] [[id:Paus Benediktus XVI]] [[ilo:Papa Benedicto XVI]] [[io:Benedictus 16ma]] [[is:Benedikt XVI]] [[it:Papa Benedetto XVI]] [[ja:ベネディクト16世 (ローマ教皇)]] [[ka:ბენედიქტე XVI]] [[ko:교황 베네딕토 16세]] [[ksh:Benedikt XVI.]] [[la:Benedictus XVI]] [[lb:Benoît XVI. (Poopst)]] [[li:Benedictus XVI]] [[lt:Benediktas XVI]] [[mk:Папа Бенедикт XVI]] [[mo:Папа Бенедикт ал XVI-ля]] [[ms:Paus Benedict XVI]] [[nap:Papa Benedetto XVI]] [[nds:Benedikt XVI.]] [[nl:Paus Benedictus XVI]] [[nn:Pave Benedikt XVI]] [[no:Benedikt XVI]] [[nrm:Benedictus XVI]] [[pam:Papa Benedict XVI]] [[pdc:Baapscht Benedict XVI]] [[pl:Benedykt XVI]] [[pt:Papa Bento XVI]] [[ro:Papa Benedict al XVI-lea]] [[ru:Бенедикт XVI (папа римский)]] [[scn:Binidittu XVI]] [[sco:Pape Benedict XVI]] [[sh:Benedikt XVI]] [[simple:Pope Benedict XVI]] [[sk:Benedikt XVI.]] [[sl:Papež Benedikt XVI.]] [[sq:Papa Benedikt XVI]] [[sr:Папа Бенедикт XVI]] [[sv:Benedictus XVI]] [[ta:போப் பெனடிக்ட் XVI]] [[th:สมเด็จพระสันตะปาปาเบเนดิกต์ที่ 16]] [[tl:Papa Benedicto XVI]] [[tpi:Benedict XVI]] [[tr:XVI. Benedictus]] [[uk:Бенедикт XVI]] [[ur:پوپ بینیڈکٹ XVI]] [[vi:Benedict XVI]] [[war:Papa Benedicto XVI]] [[zh:本篤十六世]] [[zh-min-nan:Benedictus 16-sè]] 9799 2006-11-18T14:11:37Z Moyogo 11 {{Infobox Pápa | Nkómbó lingála = Benwa XVI| image = [[Image:Pope Benedictus XVI january,20 2006 (2) mod.jpg|200px]]| Nkómbó ya mbótama = Joseph Alois Ratzinger| Pápa bandá = [[19 aprili]] [[2005]]| nsúka = —| *Predecesseur = [[Pápa Jean Paul II|Jean Paul II]]| mokitani = —| Elaká ya mbótama = [[16 Aprili]] [[1927]]| Ekólo = [[Alémani]]| Elaká ya liwâ = —| }} '''Benwa XVI''' ([[Latin]]: ''Benedictus PP. XVI''; abótámi o [[mokɔlɔ 16 ya sánzá ya ínéi]], [[1927]] nkómbó '''Joseph Alois Ratzinger''') ezalí [[Mokambi-Ekólo]] ya [[Vatikani]] na [[Pápa]] ya [[Eklezya ya bakatolike]] na [[19 ya sánzá ya ínéi]] [[2005]]. [[Category:Pápa]] [[af:Pous Benedictus XVI]] [[ar:بينيدكت السادس عشر]] [[ast:Benedictu XVI]] [[bat-smg:Benedikts XVI]] [[be:Бэнэдыкт XVI (папа рымскі)]] [[bg:Бенедикт XVI]] [[bs:Benedikt XVI.]] [[ca:Benet XVI]] [[cs:Benedikt XVI.]] [[cy:Pab Benedict XVI]] [[da:Pave Benedikt 16.]] [[de:Benedikt XVI.]] [[el:Πάπας Βενέδικτος ΙΣΤ΄]] [[en:Pope Benedict XVI]] [[eo:Benedikto la 16-a]] [[es:Benedicto XVI]] [[et:Benedictus XVI]] [[eu:Benedikto XVI.a]] [[fi:Benedictus XVI]] [[fo:Benadikt XVI]] [[fr:Benoît XVI]] [[fur:Pape Benedet XVI]] [[ga:Pápa Beinidict XVI]] [[gl:Bieito XVI, Papa]] [[he:בנדיקטוס השישה עשר]] [[hi:जोज़फ़ रैत्सिंगर]] [[hr:Benedikt XVI.]] [[hsb:Benedikt XVI.]] [[hu:XVI. Benedek pápa]] [[id:Paus Benediktus XVI]] [[ilo:Papa Benedicto XVI]] [[io:Benedictus 16ma]] [[is:Benedikt XVI]] [[it:Papa Benedetto XVI]] [[ja:ベネディクト16世 (ローマ教皇)]] [[ka:ბენედიქტე XVI]] [[ko:교황 베네딕토 16세]] [[ksh:Benedikt XVI.]] [[la:Benedictus XVI]] [[lb:Benoît XVI. (Poopst)]] [[li:Benedictus XVI]] [[lt:Benediktas XVI]] [[mk:Папа Бенедикт XVI]] [[mo:Папа Бенедикт ал XVI-ля]] [[ms:Paus Benedict XVI]] [[nap:Papa Benedetto XVI]] [[nds:Benedikt XVI.]] [[nl:Paus Benedictus XVI]] [[nn:Pave Benedikt XVI]] [[no:Benedikt XVI]] [[nrm:Benedictus XVI]] [[pam:Papa Benedict XVI]] [[pdc:Baapscht Benedict XVI]] [[pl:Benedykt XVI]] [[pt:Papa Bento XVI]] [[ro:Papa Benedict al XVI-lea]] [[ru:Бенедикт XVI (папа римский)]] [[scn:Binidittu XVI]] [[sco:Pape Benedict XVI]] [[sh:Benedikt XVI]] [[simple:Pope Benedict XVI]] [[sk:Benedikt XVI.]] [[sl:Papež Benedikt XVI.]] [[sq:Papa Benedikt XVI]] [[sr:Папа Бенедикт XVI]] [[sv:Benedictus XVI]] [[ta:போப் பெனடிக்ட் XVI]] [[th:สมเด็จพระสันตะปาปาเบเนดิกต์ที่ 16]] [[tl:Papa Benedicto XVI]] [[tpi:Benedict XVI]] [[tr:XVI. Benedictus]] [[uk:Бенедикт XVI]] [[ur:پوپ بینیڈکٹ XVI]] [[vi:Benedict XVI]] [[war:Papa Benedicto XVI]] [[zh:本篤十六世]] [[zh-min-nan:Benedictus 16-sè]] 9941 2006-12-10T15:52:34Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[oc:Beneset XVI]] Modifie: [[bs:Benedikt XVI]] {{Infobox Pápa | Nkómbó lingála = Benwa XVI| image = [[Image:Pope Benedictus XVI january,20 2006 (2) mod.jpg|200px]]| Nkómbó ya mbótama = Joseph Alois Ratzinger| Pápa bandá = [[19 aprili]] [[2005]]| nsúka = —| *Predecesseur = [[Pápa Jean Paul II|Jean Paul II]]| mokitani = —| Elaká ya mbótama = [[16 Aprili]] [[1927]]| Ekólo = [[Alémani]]| Elaká ya liwâ = —| }} '''Benwa XVI''' ([[Latin]]: ''Benedictus PP. XVI''; abótámi o [[mokɔlɔ 16 ya sánzá ya ínéi]], [[1927]] nkómbó '''Joseph Alois Ratzinger''') ezalí [[Mokambi-Ekólo]] ya [[Vatikani]] na [[Pápa]] ya [[Eklezya ya bakatolike]] na [[19 ya sánzá ya ínéi]] [[2005]]. [[Category:Pápa]] [[af:Pous Benedictus XVI]] [[ar:بينيدكت السادس عشر]] [[ast:Benedictu XVI]] [[bat-smg:Benedikts XVI]] [[be:Бэнэдыкт XVI (папа рымскі)]] [[bg:Бенедикт XVI]] [[bs:Benedikt XVI]] [[ca:Benet XVI]] [[cs:Benedikt XVI.]] [[cy:Pab Benedict XVI]] [[da:Pave Benedikt 16.]] [[de:Benedikt XVI.]] [[el:Πάπας Βενέδικτος ΙΣΤ΄]] [[en:Pope Benedict XVI]] [[eo:Benedikto la 16-a]] [[es:Benedicto XVI]] [[et:Benedictus XVI]] [[eu:Benedikto XVI.a]] [[fi:Benedictus XVI]] [[fo:Benadikt XVI]] [[fr:Benoît XVI]] [[fur:Pape Benedet XVI]] [[ga:Pápa Beinidict XVI]] [[gl:Bieito XVI, Papa]] [[he:בנדיקטוס השישה עשר]] [[hi:जोज़फ़ रैत्सिंगर]] [[hr:Benedikt XVI.]] [[hsb:Benedikt XVI.]] [[hu:XVI. Benedek pápa]] [[id:Paus Benediktus XVI]] [[ilo:Papa Benedicto XVI]] [[io:Benedictus 16ma]] [[is:Benedikt XVI]] [[it:Papa Benedetto XVI]] [[ja:ベネディクト16世 (ローマ教皇)]] [[ka:ბენედიქტე XVI]] [[ko:교황 베네딕토 16세]] [[ksh:Benedikt XVI.]] [[la:Benedictus XVI]] [[lb:Benoît XVI. (Poopst)]] [[li:Benedictus XVI]] [[lt:Benediktas XVI]] [[mk:Папа Бенедикт XVI]] [[mo:Папа Бенедикт ал XVI-ля]] [[ms:Paus Benedict XVI]] [[nap:Papa Benedetto XVI]] [[nds:Benedikt XVI.]] [[nl:Paus Benedictus XVI]] [[nn:Pave Benedikt XVI]] [[no:Benedikt XVI]] [[nrm:Benedictus XVI]] [[oc:Beneset XVI]] [[pam:Papa Benedict XVI]] [[pdc:Baapscht Benedict XVI]] [[pl:Benedykt XVI]] [[pt:Papa Bento XVI]] [[ro:Papa Benedict al XVI-lea]] [[ru:Бенедикт XVI (папа римский)]] [[scn:Binidittu XVI]] [[sco:Pape Benedict XVI]] [[sh:Benedikt XVI]] [[simple:Pope Benedict XVI]] [[sk:Benedikt XVI.]] [[sl:Papež Benedikt XVI.]] [[sq:Papa Benedikt XVI]] [[sr:Папа Бенедикт XVI]] [[sv:Benedictus XVI]] [[ta:போப் பெனடிக்ட் XVI]] [[th:สมเด็จพระสันตะปาปาเบเนดิกต์ที่ 16]] [[tl:Papa Benedicto XVI]] [[tpi:Benedict XVI]] [[tr:XVI. Benedictus]] [[uk:Бенедикт XVI]] [[ur:پوپ بینیڈکٹ XVI]] [[vi:Benedict XVI]] [[war:Papa Benedicto XVI]] [[zh:本篤十六世]] [[zh-min-nan:Benedictus 16-sè]] Papi Benwa XVI 1848 6356 2005-09-27T19:40:14Z Themalau 22 <!-- If you vandalize this page, expect to be temporarily blocked without further warning. We will contact the ISP of persistent vandals. Thanks. --> {{Infobox Pope | English name = Benedict XVI| image = [[Image:Popebenedictxvi firsttimeonthrone.jpg|200px|]]| birth_name = Joseph Alois Ratzinger| term_start = [[April 19]], [[2005]]| term_end = ''[[Incumbent]]''| predecessor = [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]]| successor = ''[[Incumbent]]''| birth_date = [[April 16]], [[1927]]| birthplace = [[Marktl am Inn]], [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]| dead = alive| death_date = | deathplace = | }} {{infobox popestyles| papal name=Pope Benedict XVI| dipstyle=[[His Holiness]]| offstyle=Your Holiness| relstyle=Holy Father| deathstyle=not applicable|}} <!--A discussion on Wikipedia produced an overwhelming consensus to end the 'style wars' by replacing styles at the start by a style infobox later in the text. It is now installed below.-->'''Pope Benedict XVI''' ([[Ecclesiastical Latin|Latin]]: ''Benedictus PP. XVI''; born [[April 16]], [[1927]] as '''Joseph Alois Ratzinger''' in [[Marktl am Inn]], [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]) is the 265th <!-- John A. Hardon's "Modern Catholic Dictionary (1980) lists Pope John Paul II as 264th pope. If you think this is inaccurate, please discuss it on the talk page before changing it here. Thanks. -->reigning [[pope]], the head of the [[Roman Catholic Church]] and [[monarch|sovereign]] of [[Vatican City]]. He was elected on [[April 19]], [[2005]], in a [[Papal conclave, 2005|papal conclave]] over which he presided in his capacity as [[Dean of the College of Cardinals|dean]] of the [[College of Cardinals]]. He celebrated his [[Papal Inauguration|Papal Inauguration Mass]] on [[April 24]], [[2005]] and was enthroned in the Basilica of St. John Lateran ([[Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano]]) on [[May 7]], [[2005]]. One of the most influential academic theologians since the 1960s and author of many books, he is viewed as conservative and a close ally of his predecessor, [[Pope John Paul II]]. He served as professor at various German universities, [[Archbishop]] of [[Munich]], [[Prefect]] of the [[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]] and [[Dean of the College of Cardinals]] before becoming Pope. In response to an increasing de-christianisation in many developed countries, where [[secular humanism]], [[secularism]], and [[secularization]] are influential, the Pope particularly emphasizes what he sees as the need for Europe to turn back to its fundamental values. ==Overview== [[Image:Benedict-salute.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Pope Benedict XVI]] Pope Benedict XVI was [[Papal election|elected pope]] at the age of 78. He is the [[List of ages of popes|oldest person to have been elected pope]] since [[Pope Clement XII|Clement XII]] in [[1730]]. He served longer as a [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] before being elected pope than any pope since [[Pope Benedict XIII|Benedict XIII]] (elected [[1724]]). He is the ninth German pope, the last being the Dutch-German [[Pope Adrian VI|Adrian VI]] ([[1522]]&ndash;[[1523]]). The last pope named Benedict was [[Pope Benedict XV|Benedict XV]], an Italian who reigned from [[1914]] to [[1922]], during [[World War I]]. Ratzinger was born in [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]. He had a distinguished career as a university [[theology|theologian]] before being made the [[archbishop]] of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Munich|Munich]]; he was subsequently made a cardinal by [[Pope Paul VI]] in the [[consistory]] of [[June 27]], [[1977]]. He was appointed as the prefect of the [[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]] by [[Pope John Paul II]] in [[1981]] and was made the [[Cardinal Bishop|cardinal bishop]] of the [[suburbicarian diocese]] of [[Velletri]]-[[Segni]] on [[April 5]], [[1993]]. In [[1998]], he was made the sub-dean of the [[College of Cardinals]]; later, on [[November 30]], [[2002]], he became the dean and simultaneously the cardinal bishop of the suburbicarian diocese of [[Ostia]]. He was the first dean of the college elected pope since [[Pope Paul IV|Paul IV]] in [[1555]] and the first cardinal bishop elected pope since [[Pope Pius VIII|Pius VIII]] in [[1829]]. Before becoming pope, Cardinal Ratzinger was already one of the most influential men in the Vatican, and was a close associate of the late John Paul II. He presided over the [[funeral of John Paul II]] and also over the Mass immediately preceding the 2005 conclave in which he was elected, in which he called on the assembled cardinals to hold fast to the doctrine of the faith. He was the public face of the church in much of the ''[[sede vacante]]'' period, although he ranked below the ''[[camerlengo]]'' in administrative authority during that time. Benedict XVI's views appear to be similar to those of his predecessor in maintaining the traditional Catholic doctrines on artificial [[birth control]], [[abortion]], and [[homosexuality]] while promoting [[Catholic social teaching]]. Benedict speaks [[German language|German]], [[Italian language|Italian]] and [[French language|French]] fluently, and [[English language|English]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]] and [[Latin language|Latin]] slightly less fluently. He can read [[ancient Greek]] and classical [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]]. He is a member of a large number of academies, such as the French ''[[Académie des sciences morales et politiques]]''. He plays the [[piano]] and has a preference for [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]] and [[Ludwig van Beethoven|Beethoven]]. == Early life (1927&ndash;1951) == {{main|Early life of Pope Benedict XVI}} ===Background and childhood (1927&ndash;1943)=== <!-- Please consider developing the separate article instead! This section is to be reduced in size. --> [[Image:PopeBenedicts1stHome.jpg|thumb|250px|Ratzinger was born at a house in Marktl am Inn which survives today.]] [[Image:Benedict boy.jpg|thumb|250px|Ratzinger as a boy]] [[Image:Stmichaelseminarytraunstein KerstinJoensson.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ratzinger studied at Saint Michael Seminary in Traunstein, Germany.]] Joseph Alois Ratzinger was born on [[Holy Saturday]], at Schulstrasse 11, his parents' home in [[Marktl am Inn]], [[Bavaria]]. He was the third and youngest child of [[Joseph Ratzinger, Sr.]], a police officer, and his wife, Maria Ratzinger (nee Peintner), who worked as a barmaid, and whose family were from [[South Tyrol]] (today part of [[Italy]]). His father served in both the Bavarian State Police (''[[Landespolizei]]'') and the German national Regular Police ([[Ordnungspolizei]]) before retiring in [[1937]] to the town of [[Traunstein]]. The ''[[Sunday Times]]'' of [[London]] described the elder Ratzinger as "an anti-Nazi whose attempts to rein in Hitler's [[Brown shirts|Sturmabteilung]] forced the family to move several times." {{ref|timesonline_a}}. According to the ''[[International Herald Tribune]]'', these relocations were directly related to Joseph Ratzinger, Sr.'s continued resistance to [[Nazism]], which resulted in demotions and transfers. {{ref|iht_demotions}} The pope's brother [[Georg Ratzinger|Georg]] said: "Our father was a bitter enemy of Nazism because he believed it was in conflict with our faith." {{ref|nytimes_faith}}. Pope Benedict's brother, Georg, is still living. His sister, Maria Ratzinger, who never married, managed her brother Joseph's household until her death in [[1991]]. Their grand uncle [[Georg Ratzinger (politician)|Georg Ratzinger]] was a priest and member of the [[Reichstag (institution)|Reichstag]], as the German Parliament was called then. The pope's relatives agree that his ambitions to serve in the upper echelons of the Church were apparent since childhood. At age five, Ratzinger was in a group of children who presented the [[Archbishop]] of [[Munich]] with flowers; later that day he announced he wanted to be a cardinal. (See also [[Early life of Pope Benedict XVI]].) According to his cousin Erika Kopp, Ratzinger had no desire from childhood to be anything other than a priest. When he was 15, she says, he announced that he was going to be a bishop, whereupon she playfully remarked, 'And why not Pope?'. When Ratzinger turned 14 he was forced by law to join the [[Hitler Youth]] (membership was legally required from December [[1936]]{{ref|HistoryPlace}}.) According to the ''[[National Catholic Reporter]]'' correspondent and biographer John Allen, Ratzinger was an unenthusiastic member who refused to attend meetings. Ratzinger has mentioned that a Nazi mathematics professor arranged reduced tuition payments for him at [[seminary]]. This normally required documentation of attendance at Hitler Youth activities; however, according to Ratzinger, his sympathetic professor arranged things so that he did not have to attend to receive a scholarship. ===Military service (1943&ndash;1945)=== In [[1943]], when he was 16, Ratzinger was drafted with many of his classmates into the [[FlaK]] ([[anti-aircraft]] [[artillery]] corps). They guarded various facilities including a [[BMW]] aircraft engine plant north of Munich and, later, the jet fighter base at [[Gilching]], where Ratzinger served in telephone communications. After his class was released from the Corps in September [[1944]], Ratzinger was put to work setting up anti-tank defences in the [[Hungary|Hungarian]] border area of [[Austria]] in preparation for the expected [[Red Army]] offensive. When his unit was released from service in November [[1944]], he went home for three weeks, and then was drafted into the German army at Munich to receive basic [[infantry]] training in the nearby town of Traunstein. His unit served at various posts around the city and was never sent to the front. In late April or early May, 1945 days or weeks before the [[End of World War II in Europe|German surrender]], Ratzinger deserted. [[Desertion]] was widespread during the last weeks of the war, even though punishable by death (executions, frequently extrajudicial, continued to the end); diminished morale and the greatly diminished risk of prosecution from a preoccupied and disorganized German military contributed to the growing wave of soldiers looking toward self-preservation. On his way home he ran into soldiers on guard, but they let him go. When the Americans arrived in the village, all soldiers were taken [[prisoner of war|prisoners of war]]. Ratzinger was briefly interned in a [[prisoner-of-war camp]] near [[Ulm]] and was repatriated on [[June 19]], [[1945]]. The family was reunited when his brother, Georg, returned after being repatriated from a prisoner-of-war camp in Italy. ===Education (1946&ndash;1951)=== <!-- Please consider developing the separate article instead! This section is to be reduced in size. --> After he was repatriated in 1945, he and his brother entered Saint Michael Seminary in Traunstein, and then studied at the Ducal Georgianum (''Herzogliches Georgianum'') of the [[Ludwig-Maximilian University]] in Munich. According to an interview with Peter Seewald, he and his fellow students were particularly influenced by the works of [[Gertrud von le Fort]], [[Ernst Wiechert]], [[Fyodor Dostoyevsky]], [[Elisabeth Langgässer]], [[Theodor Steinbüchel]], [[Martin Heidegger]] and [[Karl Jaspers]]. The young Ratzinger saw the last three in particular as a break with the dominance of [[Neo-Kantianism]], with the key work being Steinbüchel's ''Die Wende des Denkens'' ("The Change in Thinking"). By the end of his studies he was drawn more to the active [[Augustine of Hippo|Saint Augustine]] than to [[Thomas Aquinas]], and among the [[scholastic]]s he was more interested in [[Saint Bonaventure]]. On [[June 29]], [[1951]], he and his brother were ordained by [[Michael Cardinal von Faulhaber]] of [[Munich]]. His dissertation ([[1953]]) was on Saint Augustine, entitled "The People and the House of God in Augustine's Doctrine of the Church," and his ''[[Habilitation]]sschrift'' (a dissertation which serves as qualification for a professorship) was on Saint Bonaventure. It was completed in [[1957]] and he became a professor of [[Freising]] College in [[1958]]. ==Early church career (1951&ndash;1981)== [[Image:Ratzingercelebratesmass.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Ratzinger as a young priest celebrates mass in Ruhpolding, Germany in 1952.]] [[Image:Jp1-foto035.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ratzinger offers an oath of submission at the September 1978 papal inauguration of John Paul I.]] [[Image:Leavingmunich1982feb28 DietherEndlicher.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ratzinger is given a formal farewell as he leaves the Archdiocese of Munich to become the new Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith on February 28, 1982.]] [[Image:Cardinal Ratzinger and Pope John Paul II.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ratzinger with John Paul II in 2003.]] [[Image:2004 katholische-akademie-habermas-ratzinger 1-799x533.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ratzinger debates with German philosopher [[Jürgen Habermas]] at the Catholic Academy of Bavaria, Germany in 2004.]] Ratzinger became a professor at the [[University of Bonn]] in [[1959]]; his inaugural lecture was on "The God of Faith and the God of Philosophy." In [[1963]] he moved to the [[University of Münster]], where his inaugural lecture was given in a packed lecture hall, as he was already well known as a theologian. At the [[Second Vatican Council]] ([[1962]]&ndash;[[1965]]), Ratzinger served as a ''peritus'' or theological consultant to [[Josef Cardinal Frings]] of [[Cologne]], Germany, and has continued to defend the council, including ''[[Nostra Aetate]],'' the document on respect of other religions and the declaration of the right to [[religious freedom]]. He was viewed during the time of the council as a reformer. (Later, as the [[Prefect for the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]], Ratzinger most clearly spelled out the Catholic Church's position on other religions in the document ''[[Dominus Iesus]]'' ([[2000]]) which also talks about the proper way to engage in ''[[ecumenical]] dialogue''.) In [[1966]], he took a chair in dogmatic theology at the [[University of Tübingen]], where he was a colleague of [[Hans Küng]]. In his [[1968]] book ''Introduction to Christianity'', he wrote that the pope has a duty to hear differing voices within the Church before making a decision, and downplayed the centrality of the papacy. He also wrote that the church of the time was too centralized, rule-bound and overly controlled from Rome. These sentences, however, did not appear in later editions of the book. During this time, he distanced himself from the atmosphere of Tübingen and the [[Marxism|Marxist]] leanings of the student movement of the [[1960s]], that in Germany quickly radicalised in the years [[1967]] and [[1968]], culminating in a series of disturbances and riots in April and May 1968. Ratzinger came increasingly to see these and associated developments (decreasing respect for authority among his students, the rise of the German [[gay rights]] movement) as related to a departure from traditional Catholic teachings. Increasingly, his views, despite his reformist bent, contrasted with those liberal ideas gaining currency in the theological academy.{{ref|nytimes_campus}} In [[1969]] he returned to Bavaria, to the University of [[Regensburg]]. In [[1972]], he founded the theological journal ''[[Communio]]'' with [[Hans Urs von Balthasar]], [[Henri de Lubac]], [[Walter Cardinal Kasper|Walter Kasper]] and others. ''Communio,'' now published in seventeen editions ([[German language|German]], [[English language|English]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]] and many others), has become one of the most important [[journal]]s of Catholic thought. He remains one of the journal's most prolific contributors. In March [[1977]] Ratzinger was named [[archbishop]] of [[Munich]] and [[Freising]]. According to his autobiography, ''Milestones'', he took as his episcopal motto ''Cooperatores Veritatis'', co-workers of the Truth, from [[Third Epistle of John|3 John]]: 8. In the [[consistory]] of June 1977 he was named a [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] by [[Pope Paul VI]]. By the time of the 2005 Conclave, he was one of only 14 remaining cardinals appointed by Paul VI, and one of only three of those under the age of 80, and one of only two who participated in the conclave, the other being Cardinal Baum. == Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (1981&ndash;2005) == [[Image:Cardinalratzinger C0NGR.0f faith.jpg|thumb|left|'''Cardinal Ratzinger'''. Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]] On [[November 25]], [[1981]], Pope John Paul II named Ratzinger prefect of the [[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]], formerly known as the [[Holy Office of the Inquisition]]. He resigned the Munich [[archdiocese]] in early [[1982]]. Already a cardinal priest, he was raised to Cardinal Bishop of Velletri-Segni in [[1993]]. He became vice-dean of the [[College of Cardinals]] in [[1998]], and dean in [[2002]]. In office, Ratzinger usually took traditional views on topics such as [[birth control]], [[homosexuality]], and [[Ecumenism|inter-religious dialogue]]. Among other things, he played a key role in silencing outspoken [[Liberation theology|liberation theologians]] and clergy in [[Latin America]] in the 1980s. (See also [[Theology of Pope Benedict XVI]].) ===Health=== In the early [[1990s]] Ratzinger suffered a [[stroke]] which slightly impaired his eyesight temporarily. The existence of the stroke had been known during the conclave that elected him pope. In May 2005, the Vatican revealed that he had subsequently suffered another mild stroke - it did not reveal when, other than that it occurred between 2003 and 2005. [[France]]'s [[Philippe Cardinal Barbarin]] further revealed that since the first stroke, Ratzinger has suffered from a heart condition. Because of his health problems, Ratzinger had hoped to retire, but had continued in his position in obedience to the wishes of Pope John Paul II.{{ref|SundayTimes}} ===Response to sex abuse scandal=== As Cardinal Ratzinger was Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF), the sexual abuse of minors by priests was his responsibility to investigate from 2001, when that charge was given to the CDF by Pope John Paul. {{ref|Observer-240505b_a}} On [[May 18]], [[2001]], Ratzinger, as part of the implementation of the norms enacted and promulgated {{ref|vatican_motu}} on [[April 30]] [[2001]] by Pope John Paul II, sent a [[Latin|Latin language]] letter {{ref|vatican_2001letter}} to every bishop in the Catholic Church reminding them of the strict penalties facing those who revealed confidential details concerning enquiries into allegations against priests of certain grave ecclesiastical crimes, including [[sexual abuse]], reserved to the jurisdiction of the CDF. The letter extended the prescription ([[statute of limitations]]) for these crimes to ten years. However, when the crime is sexual abuse of a minor, the "prescription begins to run from the day on that which the minor completes the eighteenth year of age." {{ref|vatican_norms}} Lawyers acting for two alleged victims of abuse in Texas claim that by sending the letter the cardinal conspired to obstruct justice. {{ref|Observer-240505a}} However, the letter did not discourage victims from reporting the abuse itself to the police; the secrecy related to the internal investigation. "The letter said the new norms reflected the CDF's traditional “exclusive competence” regarding ''delicta graviora''&mdash;Latin for “graver offenses.” According to [[canon law]] experts in Rome, reserving cases of clerical sexual abuse of minors to the CDF is something new. In past eras, some serious crimes by priests against sexual morality, including [[pedophilia]], were handled by that congregation or its predecessor, the Holy Office, but this has not been true in recent years." {{ref|CNSb}} The promulgation of the norms by Pope John Paul II and the subsequent letter by the then Prefect of the CDF were published in 2001 in ''Acta Apostolicae Sedis'' {{ref|AAS}} which, in accordance with the [[Canon law|Code of Canon Law]] {{ref|CIC}}, is the [[Holy See]]'s official journal, disseminated monthly to thousands of libraries and offices around the world. {{ref|CLI}} In [[2002]], Ratzinger accurately told the Catholic News Service that "less than one percent of priests are guilty of acts of this type." {{ref|ZE02120324}} Opponents saw this as ignoring the crimes of those who committed the abuse; others saw it as merely pointing out that this should not taint other priests who live respectable lives. {{ref|vatican_transcript}} A report by the Catholic Church itself estimated that some 4,450 of the Roman Catholic clergy who served between [[1950]] and [[2002]] have faced credible accusations of abuse. {{ref|Observer-240505b_c}} His [[Good Friday]] reflections in [[2005]] were interpreted as strongly condemning and regretting the abuse scandals, which largely put to rest the speculation of indifference. Shortly after his election, he told [[Francis Cardinal George]], the [[Archbishop of Chicago]], that he would attend to the matter. {{ref|Observer-240505b_d}} ===Dialogue with other faiths=== In [[2000]], the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith published a document entitled ''[[Dominus Iesus]]'' which reaffirmed the historic doctrine and mission of the Church to proclaim the Gospel. This was misunderstood by some who mistakenly believed that the Church had previously repudiated its unique role in the world. {{ref|theaustralian}} This document pointed out the danger to the Church of ''relativistic theories which seek to justify religious pluralism'' by denying that God has revealed truth to humanity. (par. 4) Addressing the question that one religion is as a good as another ([[syncretism]] or indifferentism) it states: ''...followers of other religions can receive divine grace, it is also certain that'' objectively speaking ''they are in a gravely deficient situation in comparison with those who, in the Church, have the fullness of the means of salvation.'' (par.22) The deliberate omission of [[filioque clause|"filioque" clause]] ("and the Son") in the first paragraph {{ref|www.vatican.va.640}} is seen as an outreach to [[Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] Church which has been in conflict with the [[Roman Catholic]] Church over its addition to the [[Nicene Creed]] for about one thousand years.{{ref|scoba}} The [[World Jewish Congress]] "welcomed" his election to the pontificate, noted "his great sensitivity to the Jewish history and the Holocaust," and quoted the Pope in its press release: :Even if the most recent, loathsome experience of the Shoah (Holocaust) was perpetrated in the name of an anti-Christian ideology, which tried to strike the Christian faith at its Abrahamic roots in the people of Israel, it cannot be denied that a certain insufficient resistance to this atrocity on the part of Christians can be explained by an inherited anti-Judaism present in the hearts of not a few Christians. {{ref|worldjewishcongress}} His Holiness the [[Dalai Lama]] congratulated Pope Benedict XVI upon his election. {{ref|phayul}} In an interview in [[2004]] for ''[[Le Figaro]]'' magazine, Ratzinger said [[Turkey]], a country [[Muslim]] by heritage and staunchly [[Secularism|secularist]] by its state constitution, should seek its future in an association of [[Islamic]] nations rather than the [[EU]], which has [[Christian]] roots. He said Turkey had always been "in permanent contrast to [[Europe]]" and that linking it to Europe would be a mistake.{{ref|csmonitor}} His defenders argue that it is to be expected that a leader within the Catholic Church would forcefully and explicitly argue in favor of the superiority of [[Catholicism]] over other religions. Others also maintain that single quotes from ''[[Dominus Iesus]]'' are not indicative of intolerance or an unwillingness to engage in dialogue with other [[faith]]s, and this is clear from a reading of the entire document. They point out that Ratzinger has been very active in promoting inter-faith dialogue. Specifically, they argue that Ratzinger has been instrumental at encouraging reconciliation with [[Lutheran]]s. In defending ''Dominus Iesus'', Ratzinger himself has stated that his belief is that inter-faith dialogue should take place on the basis of equal human dignity, but that equality of human dignity should not imply that each side is equally correct. ===Ratzinger and Fatima=== [[Image:JesusMagazine.jpg|thumb|125px|Ratzinger's Article]]Ratzinger has long been tied into the message of [[Our Lady of Fatima]] to three young [[Portugal|Portuguese]] children. Notably, until her death, [[Lúcia dos Santos]] was under orders from the Vatican not to discuss the Fatima revelations publicly unless given leave by Cardinal Ratzinger, one of seven people known to have read the actual ''Third Message'' put into writing in [[1944]], and author of the ''Theological Commentary on the Third Message'', one of four canon sourceworks kept alongside the Message. In 1984, an interview with Ratzinger was published in the [[Pauline Christianity|Pauline Sisters]] newsletter and that it deals with "dangers threatening the faith and the life of the Christian and therefore of the world", while stating that it marks the beginning of the [[Apocalypse|end-times]]. A year later the interview was re-published in ''The Ratzinger Report'', though several statements were omitted &mdash; either for editorial reasons, or clandestine conspiratorial reasons, depending on the party asked. In October 1987 he stated that "the things contained in [the] Third Secret correspond to what has been announced in Scripture and has been said again and again in many other Marian apparitions; first of all, that of Fatima in what is already known of what its message contains, conversion and penitence are the essential conditions for salvation". [[Image:BertoneAndRatzinger.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Ratzinger and Bertone at the press conference]]In 1997, Ratzinger and Capovilla publicly stated that the Third Message was ''not'' being withheld for fears it would condemn the changes of the [[Vatican II]] council. On [[June 26]] [[2000]], following the release of the text of the prophecy, Ratzinger issued a joint statement with [[Cardinal Bertone]] that the third and final chapter of [[Mary]]'s prophecy had been fulfilled in 1981 in a failed attempt on the Pope's life; critics point out however that a year after the attempted assassination, Lúcia told the Pope that the third prophecy had still not been fulfilled. He was quoted in the media as stating, "No great mystery is revealed; nor is the future unveiled. A careful reading of the text will probably prove disappointing." == Papacy == [[Image:Ratzingerpascha2005.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Not knowing that within a few weeks he would ascend the Throne of St. Peter himself, Ratzinger presided over the 2005 Easter Vigil Mass at St. Peter's Basilica in place of Pope John Paul II.]] === Election to the Papacy === ==== Prediction ==== On [[January 2]], [[2005]], ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine quoted unnamed Vatican sources as saying that Ratzinger was a frontrunner to succeed [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]] should the pope die or become too ill to continue as pope. On the death of [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]], the ''[[Financial Times]]'' gave the odds of Ratzinger becoming pope as 7&ndash;1, the lead position, but close to his rivals on the liberal wing of the church. In [[April 2005]], before his election as pope, he was identified as one of the [[List of TIME Magazine's 100 most influential people of 2005|100 most influential people in the world]] by ''Time'' magazine. Ratzinger himself had repeatedly stated he would like to retire to a Bavarian village and dedicate himself to writing books, but more recently, he told friends he was ready to "accept any charge God placed on him." Piers Paul Read wrote in ''[[The Spectator (1828)|The Spectator]]'' on [[March 5]], [[2005]]: :''There can be little doubt that his courageous promotion of orthodox Catholic teaching has earned him the respect of his fellow cardinals throughout the world. He is patently holy, highly intelligent and sees clearly what is at stake. Indeed, for those who blame the decline of Catholic practice in the developed world precisely on the propensity of many European bishops to hide their heads in the sand, a pope who confronts it may be just what is required. Ratzinger is no longer young&mdash;he is 78 years old: but Angelo Roncalli, who revolutionized Catholicism by calling the Second Vatican Council was almost the same age (76) when he became pope as [[Pope John XXIII|John XXIII]]. As Jeff Israely, the correspondent of Time, was told by a Vatican insider last month, "The Ratzinger solution is definitely on."'' However, Papal predictions in modern history had often been wrong, with the most popular candidates often losing the election in favor of a more unknown, obscure cardinal. ==== Election ==== [[Image:Pope Benedict XVI elected.jpg|thumb|250px|Benedict XVI appears on the balcony shortly after his election.]] [[Image:Pope Benedict Mass of Installation.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Benedict's installation mass on St. Peter's Square]] [[Image:Benedict sodano.jpg|thumb|left|150px|[[Angelo Cardinal Sodano]] kisses the ring of the new Pope for the first time at his installation mass]] On [[April 19]], [[2005]] Cardinal Ratzinger was elected as the successor to Pope John Paul II on the second day of the [[Papal conclave, 2005|papal conclave]] after four ballots. Coincidentally, [[April 19]] is the feast of St. [[Pope Leo IX|Leo IX]], a German pope who instituted major reforms in the [[Middle Ages]] during his papacy. Cardinal Ratzinger had hoped to retire peacefully and said that "At a certain point, I prayed to God 'please don't do this to me'...Evidently, this time He didn't listen to me." {{ref|CNNquote}} Before his first appearance at the balcony of [[Saint Peter's Basilica]] after becoming pope, he was announced by the [[Jorge Cardinal Medina Estévez]], protodeacon of the College of Cardinals. Cardinal Medina Estévez first addressed the massive crowd as "dear(est) brothers and sisters" in Italian, Spanish, French, German and English &mdash; each language receiving cheers from the international crowd &mdash; before continuing with the traditional ''[[Habemus Papam]]'' announcement in Latin. At the balcony, Benedict's first words to the crowd, before he gave the traditional ''[[Urbi et Orbi]]'' blessing, were: :''Dear brothers and sisters, after the great Pope John Paul II, the Cardinals have elected me, a simple and humble labourer in the vineyard of the Lord.'' :''The fact that the Lord knows how to work and to act even with inadequate instruments comforts me, and above all I entrust myself to your prayers.'' :''In the joy of the Risen Lord, let us move forward, confident of his unfailing help. The Lord will help us and Mary, his Most Holy Mother, will be on our side. Thank you.'' (translation from original Italian). He then gave the blessing to the people. ===Choice of name=== The choice of the name Benedict (Latin "the blessed") is significant. Benedict XVI used his first [[General Audience]] in St. Peter's Square, on [[April 27]], [[2005]], to explain to the world on why he chose the name: :''"Filled with sentiments of awe and thanksgiving, I wish to speak of why I chose the name Benedict. Firstly, I remember [[Pope Benedict XV]], that courageous prophet of peace, who guided the Church through turbulent times of war. In his footsteps I place my ministry in the service of reconciliation and harmony between peoples. Additionally, I recall [[Saint Benedict]] of Norcia, co-patron of Europe, whose life evokes the Christian roots of Europe. I ask him to help us all to hold firm to the centrality of Christ in our Christian life: May Christ always take first place in our thoughts and actions!" ''{{ref|vatican_FirstGenAud}} === Early days of Papacy === [[Image:Coabxvi.png|thumb|right|Papal Arms of Pope Benedict XVI. The [[papal tiara]] was replaced with a bishop's [[mitre]], and [[pallium]] of the Pope was added beneath the coat of arms.]] Pope Benedict has confounded the expectations of many in the early days of his papacy by his gentle public persona and his promise to listen. It is notable that he has used an open [[popemobile]], saying that he wants to be closer to the people. [[Coat of arms of Pope Benedict XVI|Benedict's coat of arms]] have officially omitted the [[papal tiara]], traditionally appearing in the background to designate the Pope's position and replaced it with a simple [[mitre]].{{ref|coatofarms}} However, there have been papal documents since his inauguration that have been appearing with the papal tiara present. Since it is the shield and not the background which is unique to the individual Pope, various backgrounds are possible (though rarely used) for even a single shield. During his inaugural Mass, the previous custom of all the cardinals submitting was replaced by having 12 people, representing cardinals, clergy, religious, a married couple and their child, and newly [[confirmation|confirmed]] people, submit to him. However, all the cardinals had already sworn their obedience upon his election. In a return to tradition, Benedict chose to resurrect the ancient tradition of the red [[papal shoes]] and to delegate the celebration of the beatification liturgies. ===Teachings=== As Pope, Benedict XVI's main role is to teach about the Catholic faith and the solutions to the problems of the faith, a role that he can play well being a former head of the Church's Congregation of the Faith. The emphases of his teachings are stated in more detail in [[Theology of Pope Benedict XVI]]. ====Friendship with Jesus Christ==== According to commentators, during the Inaugural Mass, the core of his message, the most moving and famous part, is found in the last paragraph of his homily where he referred to both Jesus Christ and John Paul II. After referring to John Paul II's well-known words (Do not be afraid! Open wide the doors for Christ!), Benedict XVI says: :Are we not perhaps all afraid in some way? If we let Christ enter fully into our lives, if we open ourselves totally to him, are we not afraid that He might take something away from us?...And once again the Pope said: No! If we let Christ into our lives, we lose nothing, nothing, absolutely nothing of what makes life free, beautiful and great. No! Only in this friendship do we experience beauty and liberation....When we give ourselves to him, we receive a hundredfold in return. Yes, open, open wide the doors to Christ – and you will find true life. [http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/homilies/documents/hf_ben-xvi_hom_20050424_inizio-pontificato_en.html] "Friendship with Jesus Christ" is a theme of his preaching which is found in many of his homilies and his addresses. For example, his address to the priests of Rome, his diocese as bishop: [http://www.ewtn.com/library/PAPALDOC/B16CLERO.HTM] and to the cardinals in the pre-conclave, a key public address to the Church's top leaders: [http://www.ewtn.com/pope/words/conclave_homily.asp] ===="Dictatorship of relativism"==== Continuing what he said in the pre-conclave Mass about what he has often referred to as the "central problem of our faith today": [http://www.ewtn.com/library/CURIA/RATZRELA.HTM] the world "moving towards a dictatorship of [[relativism]]", [http://www.nationalcatholicreporter.org/word/wyd082105.htm] on June 6, 2005 he also said: :"Today, a particularly insidious obstacle to the task of education is the massive presence in our society and culture of that [[relativism]] which, recognizing nothing as definitive, leaves as the ultimate criterion only the self with its desires. And under the semblance of freedom it becomes a prison for each one, for it separates people from one another, locking each person into his or her own ' He also traced the failed revolutions and ideologies of the 20th century to a conversion of partial points of view into absolute guides: "''Absolutizing what is not absolute but relative is called totalitarianism,''" he said during World Youth Day. In an address to a conference of the Diocese of Rome held at [[St. John Lateran]] basilica on [[June 6]], 2005, Benedict remarked on the issues of [[same-sex marriage]] and [[abortion]]: :''"The various forms of the dissolution of matrimony today, like free unions, trial marriages and going up to pseudo-matrimonies by people of the same sex, are rather expressions of an anarchic freedom that wrongly passes for true freedom of man...from here it becomes all the more clear how contrary it is to human love, to the profound vocation of man and woman, to systematically close their union to the gift of life, and even worse to suppress or tamper with the life that is born," he said.''{{ref|AP}} ===Curial appointments=== Upon becoming Pope, Benedict reappointed all former officers of the [[Roman Curia]] under John Paul II to new terms, their terms having ended with the papacy. This assured an easy transition into new government. The highest of those appointments are those considered to be Benedict XVI's [[prime minister]]s: [[Angelo Cardinal Sodano]] of [[Italy]] who serves as [[Cardinal Secretary of State]] and [[Edmund Cardinal Szoka]] of the [[United States]] who serves as [[Governor of Vatican City]]. Benedict XVI's only major new appointment was that of his successor as Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. Early speculation included the names of [[Christoph Cardinal Schönborn]], [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vienna|Archbishop of Vienna]] in [[Austria]] and [[Francis Cardinal George]], [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago|Archbishop of Chicago]] in the United States. Both were renowned for their knowledge of Church doctrine and were considered among the more conservative members of the College of Cardinals. On [[May 13]], [[2005]], Benedict XVI appointed a non-Cardinal, [[William Joseph Levada]], [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Francisco|Archbishop of San Francisco]] in the United States. Renowned for his knowledge of Church doctrine due to his office as principal editor of the current [[Catechism of the Catholic Church]], Levada is considered by some to be even more staunchly conservative than all the Pope's choices within the College of Cardinals. Levada relinquishes his [[episcopal see|see]] in San Francisco on [[August 17]], [[2005]] and is expected to be raised in consistory to the title of Cardinal. Due to the immense influence wielded by the office of Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith&mdash;arguably more immense than that of the Pope's own prime ministers&mdash;Benedict XVI's appointment of an American in effect raises the United States into greater prominence in the universal Church. That fact sparked many fears that the United States was being given too much power in the Church; people worldwide generally express uneasiness that the United States already dominates global politics. It is for that reason that Americans are never considered [[papabile]]. === Beatifications === [[Image:Popebenedictxvi lei.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Benedict XVI oversaw his first beatification on May 14, 2005, honoring Mother Marianne Cope of Hawaii with the title ''Blessed''. He wore a traditional Hawaiian maile lei as a [[stole]] for the occasion.]] On [[May 13]], [[2005]], Benedict XVI made his first promulgation of the [[beatification]] process. The honoree of the process was his predecessor, John Paul II. Normally five years pass before the beatification process begins for a person after his or her death but due to the popularity of John Paul II &mdash; devotees chanted "Santo subito!" meaning "Saint now!" during the late pontiff's funeral &mdash; Benedict XVI waived the custom and officially styled the late pope with the title given to all those being scrutinized in the beatification process, ''[[Servant of God]]''. Upon the confirmation after scrutiny that the late pontiff's life is found morally clean and manifests heroic virtues, a decree of heroicity will be proclaimed and John Paul II will be declared ''[[Venerable]]'' on the road to beatification. Before changes in [[canon law]] in [[1917]], the title ''Venerable'' was given at the same time a person was declared ''Servant of God''. Upon the confirmation of [[miracle]]s attributed to the honoree, John Paul II would then be declared ''[[Blessed]]''. A person is strictly prohibited from being officially celebrated in [[mass (liturgy)|Mass]] until he or she achieves the title of ''Blessed''. The next day, on [[May 14]], Benedict XVI made his first official beatification, raising [[Mother Marianne Cope]] &mdash; who served with [[Blessed Damien of Molokai]] helping those suffering from [[leprosy]] in what is now the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu|Diocese of Honolulu]] in [[Hawaii]] &mdash; to the title of "Blessed Marianne of Molokai." She was the first addition to the [[calendar of saints]] by Benedict XVI announcing an optional feast to be celebrated in her honor annually on [[January 23]]. Blessed Damien and Blessed Marianne are the [[patron saint|patrons]] of [[HIV]]/[[AIDS]] and [[outcast]]s. Both are expected to become the first saints of the [[Hawaiian Islands]]. [[Mother Ascensión Nicol Goñi]] was also beatified on the same day. Unlike his predecessor, Benedict XVI delegated the beatification liturgical service to a principal aide, [[José Cardinal Saraiva Martins]], Prefect of the [[Congregation for the Causes of Saints]]. It was noted by Vatican watchers that the practice of delegating prominent functions enjoyed by the late John Paul II would become the norm for Benedict XVI, who seems to prefer the duties of Church manager as opposed to having more of a public face. This may also reflect the need for Benedict to maintain a more restricted public appearance schedule, due to his recent health history, which may be described as resulting from age related illnesses. [[Image:Pope16mass.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Pope Benedict XVI participated in a Mass attended by 800,000 people in Cologne, Germany, during the World Youth Day. This marked the pontiff's first apostolic journey.]] On [[June 16]], [[2005]], it was learned that the planned beatification of a French priest, Fr. [[Leon Dehon]], had been suspended by the Vatican after complaints about anti-Semitism in his writings. The Vatican decided to further study the life and writings of the Fr. Dehon, who died in 1925 and who had founded the priests of the Sacred Heart of Jesus religious order. The beatification was postponed originally due to the death of [[Pope John Paul II]] on [[April 2]], [[2005]]. The move came after a French Catholic newspaper, ''La Croix'', reported that some of his writings contained anti-Semitic passages. ''La Croix'' quoted his writings as saying Jews were "united in their hatred of Jesus" and were enemies of Christians, and that anti-Semitism was a "sign of hope." The possibility of declaring Fr. Dehon a saint has been under consideration by the church for decades. The process began formally in 1939. The church declared his virtues in 1983, and John Paul gave him the title "venerable" in 1997 after the church ruled that an electrician in Brazil had been miraculously cured of an illness in 1954 after prayers were directed to him. However, France's government had put the Vatican on notice that it would not send a representative to the beatification, and the French bishops' conference urged the Vatican to act with caution, according to French newspaper reports. {{ref|Washington_postJune16}}. For many in the Catholic community who had been concerned about the rapidity of the beatification process during the reign of [[Pope John Paul II]], this incident seemed to indicate that the management of the practice of making saints will be more measured and, possibly, less inclined to speed up the process. On [[June 19]], [[2005]], Benedict XVI beatified Father [[Władysław Findysz]], a martyr of the [[Communist]] regime, Father [[Bronisław Markiewicz]], the founder of the [[Congregation of St. Michael]], and Father [[Ignacy Kłopotowski]], the founder of the [[Congregation of the Sisters of Loreto]]. Benedict XVI had delegated [[Józef Cardinal Glemp]] of [[Warsaw]] to preside over the beatification liturgy, which took place at [[Piłsudski Square]] in Warsaw. The beatifications were originally scheduled for [[April 24]] [[2005]], however they were delayed due to the death of [[Pope John Paul II]]. Pope John Paul II also started the process of the beatifications of the above Poles, but Benedict XVI had to complete the process. === Canonisations === The first Mass of Canonisation for Benedict XVI is scheduled for [[October 23]], [[2005]] in [[St. Peter's Square]]. Benedict XVI will bestow the honour of Sainthood to: [[Józef Bilczewski]] of [[Poland]] and [[Ukraine]], Archbishop of Lviv ([[Lwów]]); [[Gaetano Catanoso]] of Italy, priest and founder of the [[Congregation of the Daughters of St. Veronica]] (also known as the Missionaries of the Holy Face); [[Zygmunt Gorazdowski]] of Poland and Ukraine, priest and founder of the [[Congregation of Sisters of St. Joseph]]; [[Alberto Hurtado Cruchaga]] of [[Chile]], priest of the [[Society of Jesus]], and [[Felice Da Nicosia]] of [[Italy]], lay member of the [[Capuchins]]. === Apostolic journeys === # '''Italy''' ([[May 29]], [[2005]]): Pope Benedict visited the Italian port of [[Bari]] and pledged to make the reconciliation with the [[Eastern Orthodoxy|Eastern Orthodox Church]] a "fundamental" commitment of his papacy. Benedict made the pledge in a city closely tied to the Orthodox Church. Bari, on Italy’s Adriatic coast, is considered a “bridge” between East and West and is home to the relics of [[Saint Nicholas|St. Nicholas of Myra]], a 4th-century saint who is one of the most popular in both the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches. The Pope referred to Bari as a "land of meeting and dialogue" with the Orthodox Church in his homily at a Mass that closed a national religious conference. It was his first pilgrimage outside Rome since being elected the 265th leader of the Roman Catholic Church on [[April 19]]. # '''Germany''' ([[August 18]] to [[August 21]], [[2005]]): The Pope arrived in Germany on [[August 18]] in order to participate in the [[World Youth Day 2005|20th World Youth Day]] in [[Cologne]]. There he met with President [[Horst Köhler]], Chancellor [[Gerhard Schröder]], leader of the Opposition [[Angela Merkel]] and others, and visited the famous [[Cologne Cathedral]]. The Pope visited the [[synagogue]] of the Jewish community in Cologne, which is the oldest Jewish community in the world north of the Alps. After [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]], he thus is only the third Pontiff, including [[St. Peter]], (the second in modern times) known to officially visit a synagogue. He also spoke with representatives of the Muslim and Protestant communities of Cologne. On [[August 21]] he led a mass at Marienfeld with about 800,000 youths present. ==See also== {{wikiquote}} {{wikisource author}} {{commons|Benedictus XVI}} {{wikinews|German Cardinal Ratzinger elected Pope Benedict XVI}} *[[Georg Gänswein]] - private secretary *''[[Dominus Iesus]]'' - document written by Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith * [[Three Secrets of Fatima|The Message of Fatima]] - document on the purported release of the Third Secret of Fatima *[[Pope Benedict]] - list of other popes and antipopes using the name *[[Prophecy of the Popes]] - document by Saint Malachy *[[Theology of Pope Benedict XVI]] - philosophical and theological beliefs of Pope Benedict XVI *[[Works of Pope Benedict XVI]] - literature written by Pope Benedict XVI ==Notes== <!-- Instructions for adding a footnote. NOTE: Footnotes in this article use names, not numbers, see [[Wikipedia:Footnote3]] for details. 1) Assign your footnote a unique name, for example TheSun_Dec9. 2) Add the macro {{ref|TheSun_Dec9}} to the body of the article, where you want the new footnote. 3) Put footnotes in the order they appear in the body. Avoid duplicates. --> <!-- # {{note|YahooCats}} Matthew Schofield, "[http://www.realcities.com/mld/krwashington/11455054.htm In German town, Benedict XVI known for love of cats, conversation]," ''Knight Ridder'', April 21, 2005. --> # {{note|timesonline_a}} Justin Sparks, John Follain, and Christopher Morgan, "[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2089-1572667,00.html Papal hopeful is a former Hitler Youth]," ''The Sunday Times'', April 17, 2005. # {{note|iht_demotions}} Richard Bernstein, and Mark Landler, "[http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/04/21/news/portrait.html A cardinal's visit put boy on path to the Vatican]," ''New York Times'', April 22, 2005. # {{note|nytimes_faith}} Richard Bernstein, and Mark Landler, "[http://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/22/international/worldspecial2/22germany.html?pagewanted=1&adxnnl=1&adxnnlx=1114340564-13zVUfWUfsfMLXhqWFxrDA A future pope is recalled: A lover of cats and Mozart, dazzled by church as a boy]," ''New York Times'', April 22, 2005. # {{note|HistoryPlace}} "[http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/hitleryouth/hj-prelude.htm Hitler Youth: Prelude to War (1933&ndash;1938)]," The History Place. # {{note|nytimes_campus}} Daniel J Wakin, "[http://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/24/international/worldspecial2/24ratzinger.html?position=&incamp=article_popular_5&pagewanted=print&position= Turbulence on Campus in 60's Hardened Views of Future Pope]," ''New York Times'', April 24, 2005 (accessed June 8, 2005) # {{note|SundayTimes}} [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2089-1592856,00.html "Pope has had second stroke"], ''The Sunday Times'', (London) May 1, 2005. # {{note|Observer-240505b_a}} Jamie Doward, "[http://observer.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,6903,1469005,00.html The Pope, the letter and the child sex claim]," ''The Guardian'', April 24, 2005. # {{note|vatican_motu}} ''[http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/motu_proprio/documents/hf_jp-ii_motu-proprio_20020110_sacramentorum-sanctitatis-tutela_lt.html Sacramentorum sanctitatis tutela]'', The Vatican, April 30, 2001. # {{note|vatican_2001letter}} ''[http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_20010518_epistula_graviora%20delicta_lt.html Epistula ad totius Catholicae Ecclesiae Episcopos aliosque Ordinarios et Hierarchas interesse habentes de delictis gravioribus eidem Congregationi pro Doctrina Fidei reservatis]'', The Vatican, May 18, 2001. # {{note|vatican_norms}} [http://www.bishop-accountability.org/resources/resource-files/churchdocs/SacramentorumAndNormaeEnglish.htm www.bishop-accountability.org] Unofficial translation of ''Sacramentorum sanctitatis tutela'' by the USCCB and a translation of the Norms by Gregory Ingels, both revised by Joseph R. Punderson and Charles J. Scicluna. The new norms (like the American norms) consider a minor to be anyone under the age of 18&mdash;a wider definition than in the Code of Canon Law, where minors are below the age of 16. # {{note|Observer-240505a}} Jamie Doward, "[http://observer.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,6903,1469055,00.html Pope 'obstructed' sex abuse inquiry]," ''The Guardian'', April 24, 2005. # {{note|CNSb}} "[http://www.americamagazine.org/catholicnews.cfm?articleTypeID=29&textID=1352&issueID=355 Signs of the Times: Doctrinal Congregation Takes Over Priestly Pedophilia Cases]", ''Catholic News Service'', December 17, 2001. # {{note|AAS}} ''[[Acta Apostolicae Sedis]]'' 93 (2001): 737&ndash;39, 785&ndash;88. # {{note|CIC}} [http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/__P3.HTM Code of Canon Law: Canon 8, §1], The Vatican. # {{note|CLI}} [http://mywebpages.comcast.net/enpeters/blog.htm CanonLaw.info], April 29, 2005 update to ''Much Ado About Nothing'' by Dr Edward Peters, JCD, JD # {{note|ZE02120324}} "[http://www.zenit.org/english/visualizza.phtml?sid=28487 Cardinal Ratzinger ... Sees Agenda Behind the Reporting in U.S.]," ''Zenit News Agency'', December 3, 2002. # {{note|vatican_transcript}} [http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/2005/via_crucis/en/station_09.html Vatican Transcript of Meditation on the Ninth Station of the Cross], The Vatican. # {{note|Observer-240505b_c}} See note 8 above. # {{note|Observer-240505b_d}} See note 8 above. # {{note|theaustralian}} Justin Sparks, and John Follain, "[http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5744,15003155%255E39835,00.html Nazi link may dog favourite]," ''The Australian'', April 18, 2005. # {{note|www.vatican.va.640}} {{Web reference_simple | title= the official Latin text | URL=http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_20000806_dominus-iesus_lt.html | date= July 7 | year= 2005 }} # {{note|scoba}} "[http://www.scoba.us/resources/filioque-p02.asp The Filioque: A Church-dividing Issue? An agreed statement of the North American Orthodox-Catholic Theological Consultation]", ''[[North American Orthodox-Catholic Theological Consultation]]'', October 25, 2003. # {{note|worldjewishcongress}} "[http://www.worldjewishcongress.org/nfo/article.cfm?id=3908 Election of Cardinal Ratzinger as new Pope welcomed]," ''World Jewish Congress'', April 19, 2005. # {{note|phayul}} "[http://www.phayul.com/news/article.aspx?id=9643&article=His+Holiness+the+Dalai+Lama+Greets+New+Pope His Holiness the Dalai Lama Greets New Pope]," Phayul.com, April 20, 2005; [http://english.chosun.com/w21data/html/news/200504/200504200016.html Korean Catholics Welcome New Pontiff]," english.chosun.com, April 20, 2005. # {{note|csmonitor}} Jim Bencivenga, "[http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/0422/dailyUpdate.html Navigating a clash of civilizations: Examining the new pope's old comments on Turkey's entry into the European Union]," ''Christian Science Monitor'', April 22, 2005. # {{note|CNNquote}} [http://www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/europe/04/25/pope.monday/ http://www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/europe/04/25/pope.monday/] Quote from a CNN Interview, April 25, 2005. # {{note|vatican_FirstGenAud}} [http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/audiences/2005/documents/hf_ben-xvi_aud_20050427_en.html Pope Benedict XVI's General Audience Speech], The Vatican, April 27, 2005. # {{note|coatofarms}} [http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/elezione/stemma-benedict-xvi_en.html Coat of Arms of His Holiness Benedict XVI], The Vatican. # {{note|AP}} Nicole Winfield, "[http://www.guardian.co.uk/worldlatest/story/0,1280,-5056168,00.html Pope Benedict XVI condemns same-sex unions]," ''The Guardian'', June 6, 2005. # {{note|Washington_postJune16}} Alan Cooperman, "[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/06/15/AR2005061502305.html Pope Halts Beatification of French Priest]", ''Washington Post'', June 16, 2005. <!--READ ME!! PLEASE DO NOT JUST ADD NEW NOTES AT THE BOTTOM. See the instructions above on ordering. --> == Books and theological writings == :''Main article (with original titles and English translations): [[Works of Pope Benedict XVI]]'' *''Called to Communion: Understanding the Church Today.'' 1996. *''Eschatology: Death and Eternal Life.'' Dogmatic Theology series. Michael Waldstein, Trans. 1988. *''God and the World: A Conversation with Peter Seewald.'' 2002. *''God Is Near Us: The Eucharist, the Heart of Life.'' 2003. *''In the Beginning….: A Catholic Understanding of the Story of Creation and the Fall.'' 1995. *''Introduction to Christianity.'' 1968, new edition 2000. *''Journey to Easter.'' (Forthcoming) *''Many Religions, One Covenant: Israel, The Church, and the World.'' 1999. *''Milestones: Memoirs 1927-1977.'' 1998. *''Ratzinger Report: An Exclusive Interview on the State of the Church.'' 1985. *''Salt of the Earth: The Church at the End of the Millennium, An Interview With Peter Seewald.'' 1997. *''Spirit of the Liturgy.'' 2000. *''Truth and Tolerance: Christian Belief and World Religions.'' 2004. *''Values in a Time of Upheaval.'' (Forthcoming) ==Literature== * Allen, John L.: ''Cardinal Ratzinger: the Vatican's enforcer of the faith''. &ndash; New York: Continuum, 2000 * Nichols OP, Aidan: ''Theology of Joseph Ratzinger''. &ndash; Edinburgh; T&T Clark, 1988 * Wagner, Karl: ''Kardinal Ratzinger: der Erzbischof in München und Freising in Wort und Bild''. &ndash; München : Pfeiffer, 1977 * Pater Prior Maximilian Heim: ''Joseph Ratzinger - Kirchliche Existenz und existenzielle Theologie unter dem Anspruch von Lumen gentium'' (diss.). * Herrmann, Horst: ''Benedikt XVI. Der neue Papst aus Deutschland''. &ndash; Berlin 2005 ==Biographies== * Allen, John L. (2005) ''Pope Benedict XVI: A Biography of Joseph Ratzinger'' New York: Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 0826417868 * Bardazzi, Marco (2005) ''In the Vineyard of the Lord : The Life, Faith, and Teachings of Joseph Ratzinger, Pope Benedict XV'' New York: Rizzoli International. ISBN 0847828018 * Bunson, Matthew. (2005) ''We Have a Pope! Benedict XVI'' Huntington IN: Our Sunday Visitor. ISBN 1592761801 * Tobin, Greg. (2005) ''Holy Father : Pope Benedict XVI: Pontiff for a New Era'' Sterling. ISBN 1402731728 ==External links and references== ===Official=== *[http://www.vatican.va Vatican: the Holy See] &ndash; Vatican web site *[http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/index.htm The Holy See - The Holy Father - Benedict XVI] &ndash; Vatican web site about the Holy Father Benedict XVI *[http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/elezione/index_en.htm Vatican: Election] Vatican web page about election * ''[http://www.communio-icr.com/ Communio]'' magazine, founded by Ratzinger and others. Contains recent articles by him. *Official email address: [mailto:benedictxvi@vatican.va] (see [http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/elezione/index_en.htm link 'Greetings to the Holy Father']) ===Biographical=== *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4445279.stm Pope Benedict XVI: BBC Profile] *[http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,1558777,00.html Deutsche Welle Dossier on Benedict XVI] *[http://washingtontimes.com/upi-breaking/20050401-033437-4653r.htm Washington Times Analysis: Ratzinger in the ascendance] *[http://www.wsws.org/articles/2005/apr2005/pope-a22.shtml WSWS.org - Pope Benedict XVI’s political resume: theocracy and social reaction] *[http://www.natcath.com/NCR_Online/archives/041699/041699a.htm The Vatican’s Enforcer] &ndash; The National Catholic Reporter's 1999 Cover Story on the history of then Cardinal Ratzinger *[http://www.catholicculture.org/docs/doc_view.cfm?recnum=663 World War II years] ===The first days of his papacy=== *[http://www.punditguy.com/2005/04/german_pope.html Pope News Roundup] *[http://www.americancatholic.org/news/BenedictXVI American Catholic - Pope Benedict XVI Starts His Papacy] *[http://www.angelfire.com/tv2/benedictxvi/ Cardinal Jorge Arturo Medina Estevez announcing Habemus Papam (We have a Pope!)] ([[Windows Media Player]] Video). *[http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/programmes/misc/papal_inauguration.shtml BBC audio of ''The Inauguration Mass of Pope Benedict XVI''] from Sunday 24th April ===General=== *[http://www.popebenedictxvifanclub.com/index.html The Pope Benedict XVI Fan Club] (see also [http://www.ratzingerfanclub.com/ The Cardinal Ratzinger Fan Club]) *[http://thepopeblog.blogspot.com The Pope Blog: Pope Benedict XVI] *[http://catholicapologeticsofamerica.blogspot.com/ Catholic Apologetics of America] *[http://www.ratzinger.it Amici di Joseph Ratzinger] (in Italian) *[http://www.vatikan-news.org Portal Papst Benedikt XVI.] (in German) *[http://www.papst-benedikt.be Papst News: Papst Benedikt XVI] (in German) *[http://www.cardinalrating.com/cardinal_84.htm Ratzinger page at www.cardinalrating.com] *[http://www.repubblica.it/2005/g/sezioni/spettacoli_e_cultura/harrypotter/harrypotter/harrypotter.html About his hostility toward Harry Potter books] (in Italian) {{Episcopal_Succession | | date of consecration=[[May 28]], [[1977]] | consecrated by=[[Josef Stangl]] | bishopconsecrated1 = bishopconsecrated1 | bishop 1=[[Alberto Cardinal Bovone]] | consecration date 1=[[May 12]].[[1984]] | bishopconsecrated2 = bishopconsecrated2 | bishop 2=[[Zygmunt Zimowski]] | consecration date 2=[[May 25]]. [[2002]] | bishopconsecrated3 = bishopconsecrated3 | bishop 3=[[Josef Clemens]] | consecration date 3=[[January 6]], [[2004]] | bishopconsecrated4 = bishopconsecrated4 | bishop 4=[[Bruno Forte]] | consecration date 4=[[September 8]], [[2004]] | bishopconsecrated5 = null | bishop 5= | consecration date 5= | bishopconsecrated6 = null | bishop 6= | consecration date 6= | bishopconsecrated7 = null | bishop 7= | consecration date 7= | bishopconsecrated8 = null | bishop 8= | consecration date 8= | bishopconsecrated9 = null | bishop 9= | consecration date 9= | bishopconsecrated10 = null | bishop 10= | consecration date 10= | bishopconsecrated11 = null | bishop 11= | consecration date 11= | bishopconsecrated12 = null | bishop 12= | consecration date 12= | bishopconsecrated13 = null | bishop 13= | consecration date 13= | bishopconsecrated14 = null | bishop 14= | consecration date 14= | bishopconsecrated15 = null | bishop 15= | consecration date 15= | bishopconsecrated16 = null | bishop 16= | consecration date 16= | bishopconsecrated17 = null | bishop 17= | consecration date 17= | bishopconsecrated18 = null | bishop 18= | consecration date 18= | bishopconsecrated19 = null | bishop 19= | consecration date 19= | bishopconsecrated20 = null | bishop 20= | consecration date 20= }} <center> {{start box}} {{succession box | before=[[Julius Cardinal Döpfner]] | title=[[Archdiocese of Munich and Freising|Archbishop of Munich and Freising]] | years=[[1977]]&ndash;[[1982]] | after=[[Friedrich Cardinal Wetter]] }} {{succession box | before=[[Franjo Šeper|Franjo Cardinal Šeper]] | title=[[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith|Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]] | years=[[1981]]&ndash;[[2005]] | after=[[William Joseph Levada]] }} {{succession box | before=[[Bernardin Cardinal Gantin]] | title=[[Dean of the College of Cardinals]] | years=[[2002]]&ndash;[[2005]] | after=[[Angelo Cardinal Sodano]] }} {{succession box | before=[[Pope John Paul II|<!-- please do not insert "the Servant of God"; this has been discussed on the Talk Page -->John Paul II]] | title=[[List of Popes|Pope]] | years=[[2005]]&ndash;''present'' | after=''incumbent''}} {{end box}} </center> <!--Categories--> [[Category:Popes|Benedict 16]] [[Category:German popes|Benedict 16]] [[Category:Current national leaders|Benedict 16]] [[Category:Reigning monarchs|Benedict 16]] [[Category:Bundesverdienstkreuz|Benedict 16]] [[Category:Pope Benedict XVI| ]] [[Category:1927 births|Benedict 16]] [[Category: German theologians|Benedict 16]] <!--Interlanguage links--> {{Link FA|no}} {{Link FA|no}} [[ar:بينيدكت السادس عشر]] [[ast:Benedictu XVI]] [[bg:Бенедикт XVI]] [[zh-min-nan:Benedictus 16-sè]] [[ca:Benet XVI]] [[cs:Benedikt XVI.]] [[cy:Pab Benedict XVI]] [[da:Pave Benedikt 16.]] [[de:Benedikt XVI.]] [[et:Benedictus XVI]] [[el:Πάπας Βενέδικτος ΙΣΤ']] [[es:Benedicto XVI]] [[eo:Benedikto la 16-a]] [[fo:Benadikt XVI]] [[fr:Benoît XVI]] [[fur:Pape Benedet XVI]] [[ga:Pápa Beinidict XVI]] [[gl:Benedito XVI]] [[ko:교황 베네딕토 16세]] [[hi:जोज़फ़ रैत्सिंगर]] [[hr:Benedikt XVI.]] [[io:Benedictus 16ma]] [[id:Paus Benediktus XVI]] [[is:Benedikt XVI]] [[it:Papa Benedetto XVI]] [[he:בנדיקטוס השישה עשר]] [[la:Benedictus XVI]] [[lt:Benediktas XVI]] [[lb:Benoît XVI. (Poopst)]] [[li:Benedictus XVI]] [[hu:XVI. Benedek]] [[ms:Paus Benedict XVI]] [[mo:Папа Бенедикт ал ⅩⅥ-ля]] [[nl:Paus Benedictus XVI]] [[ja:ベネディクト16世 (ローマ教皇)]] [[no:Benedikt XVI]] [[nn:Pave Benedikt XVI]] [[pl:Papież Benedykt XVI]] [[pt:Papa Bento XVI]] [[ro:Papa Benedict al XVI-lea]] [[ru:Бенедикт XVI (Папа Римский)]] [[sco:Pape Benedict XVI]] [[sh:Benedikt XVI]] [[scn:Binidittu XVI]] [[simple:Pope Benedict XVI]] [[sk:Benedikt XVI.]] [[sl:Papež Benedikt XVI.]] [[sr:Папа Бенедикт XVI]] [[fi:Benedictus XVI]] [[sv:Benedictus XVI]] [[tl:Papa Benito XVI]] [[ta:போப் பெனடிக்ட் XVI]] [[th:สมเด็จพระสันตะปาปาเบเนดิกต์ที่ 16]] [[tpi:Benedict XVI]] [[uk:Бенедикт XVI]] [[zh:本篤十六世]] 6361 2005-09-28T00:22:15Z Moyogo 11 #REDIRECT [[Pápa Benwa XVI]] MediaWiki talk:Mytalk 1849 6358 2005-09-28T00:11:11Z Moyogo 11 « Ntembe na ngáí » ? No? ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 00:11, 28 septembere 2005 (UTC) Papa Benwa XVI 1850 6360 2005-09-28T00:22:04Z Moyogo 11 Papa Benwa XVI moved to Pápa Benwa XVI: papa -> pápa #redirect [[Pápa Benwa XVI]] Template:Bobóngoli na nkóta 1851 6363 2005-09-28T00:32:04Z Moyogo 11 <div id="style2" style=" text-align: center; background-color: #ede; line-height:2em; margin-bottom:1em;">Lonkásá óyo ezǎ kosengela [[bobóngoli na nkóta]]</div> 6946 2005-11-21T06:24:46Z Moyogo 11 cat <div id="style2" style=" text-align: center; background-color: #ede; line-height:2em; margin-bottom:1em;">Lonkásá óyo ezǎ kosengela [[bobóngoli na nkóta]]</div> [[Catégory:Bobóngoli na nkóta]] 7253 2005-12-06T15:16:38Z Moyogo 11 cat <div id="style2" style=" text-align: center; background-color: #ede; line-height:2em; margin-bottom:1em;">Lonkásá óyo ezǎ kosengela [[bobóngoli na nkóta]]</div> [[Category:Bobóngoli na nkóta]] Template:English--Français-Lingála 1852 6378 2005-09-28T11:15:47Z 160.85.2.50 system message dict ==A== {| |administrateur |Moyángeli |- |and |mpé |- |article |ekakoli |- |Zelle 5 |Zelle 6 |} ==B== ==C== {| |category |molɔngɔ |- |contributions |ntako |} ==D== {| |discussion |ntembe |} ==E== {| |Edit |kobalusa |- |error |mbéba |} ==G== {| |Go |kokɛndɛ |} ==H== {| |help |bosungi |- |hide |kobomba |- |history |likambo |} ==I== {| |images |elilingi |- |in other languages |na nkóta na yɔ̌ |} ==L== {| |Language |Lokótá |- |log in |kokɔtɔ |- |log out |kolongwa |} ==M== {| |main page |Lonkásá ya liboso |- |messages |monɔkɔ |- |my contributions |ntako na ngáí |- | my talk |ntembe na ngáí |- |my watchlist | * na ngáí |} ==N== {| |new articles |ekakoli ya sika |- |new message |monɔkɔ ya sika |- |new page |ekakoli ya sika |} ==R== {| |real name |nkómbó ya sɔ̌lɔ́ |} ==S== {| |safe |kokósoli |- |search |boluki |} ==T== {| |talk |ntembe |} ==U== {| |upload |kokumbisa |} ==W== {| |Watch this page |Kobáta lonkásá óyo |} ==Y== {| |your text |nkomá na yɔ̌ |} 6379 2005-09-28T11:17:54Z 160.85.2.50 ===A=== {| |administrateur |Moyángeli |- |and |mpé |- |article |ekakoli |- |Zelle 5 |Zelle 6 |} ===B=== ===C=== {| |category |molɔngɔ |- |contributions |ntako |} ===D=== {| |discussion |ntembe |} ===E=== {| |Edit |kobalusa |- |error |mbéba |} ===G=== {| |Go |kokɛndɛ |} ===H=== {| |help |bosungi |- |hide |kobomba |- |history |likambo |} ===I=== {| |images |elilingi |- |in other languages |na nkóta na yɔ̌ |} ===L=== {| |Language |Lokótá |- |log in |kokɔtɔ |- |log out |kolongwa |} ===M=== {| |main page |Lonkásá ya liboso |- |messages |monɔkɔ |- |my contributions |ntako na ngáí |- | my talk |ntembe na ngáí |- |my watchlist | * na ngáí |} ===N=== {| |new articles |ekakoli ya sika |- |new message |monɔkɔ ya sika |- |new page |ekakoli ya sika |} ===R=== {| |real name |nkómbó ya sɔ̌lɔ́ |} ===S=== {| |safe |kokósoli |- |search |boluki |} ===T=== {| |talk |ntembe |} ===U=== {| |upload |kokumbisa |} ===W=== {| |Watch this page |Kobáta lonkásá óyo |} ===Y=== {| |your text |nkomá na yɔ̌ |} 6380 2005-09-28T11:19:08Z 160.85.2.50 /* T */ ===A=== {| |administrateur |Moyángeli |- |and |mpé |- |article |ekakoli |- |Zelle 5 |Zelle 6 |} ===B=== ===C=== {| |category |molɔngɔ |- |contributions |ntako |} ===D=== {| |discussion |ntembe |} ===E=== {| |Edit |kobalusa |- |error |mbéba |} ===G=== {| |Go |kokɛndɛ |} ===H=== {| |help |bosungi |- |hide |kobomba |- |history |likambo |} ===I=== {| |images |elilingi |- |in other languages |na nkóta na yɔ̌ |} ===L=== {| |Language |Lokótá |- |log in |kokɔtɔ |- |log out |kolongwa |} ===M=== {| |main page |Lonkásá ya liboso |- |messages |monɔkɔ |- |my contributions |ntako na ngáí |- | my talk |ntembe na ngáí |- |my watchlist | * na ngáí |} ===N=== {| |new articles |ekakoli ya sika |- |new message |monɔkɔ ya sika |- |new page |ekakoli ya sika |} ===R=== {| |real name |nkómbó ya sɔ̌lɔ́ |} ===S=== {| |safe |kokósoli |- |search |boluki |} ===T=== {| |talk |Kosolola |} ===U=== {| |upload |kokumbisa |} ===W=== {| |Watch this page |Kobáta lonkásá óyo |} ===Y=== {| |your text |nkomá na yɔ̌ |} MediaWiki talk:Hide 1853 6385 2005-09-28T16:14:22Z Moyogo 11 kobomba -> kobómba Talk:Lonkásá ya liboso 1855 6400 2005-09-30T16:46:36Z Moyogo 11 Talk:Lonkásá ya liboso moved to Talk:Lonkásá ya libosó: liboso -> libosó #redirect [[Talk:Lonkásá ya libosó]] Recette 1856 6405 2005-10-06T10:43:24Z Bombo 12 Recette moved to Ordonnance: This was a translation error / C'était une erreur de traduction #redirect [[Ordonnance]] Maladi 1857 6407 2005-10-06T10:58:05Z 160.85.2.50 link ==Maladi ewutaka na makambo ya bolingo== [[Maladi ewutaka na makambo ya bolingo]] 6424 2005-10-10T12:15:13Z Bombo 12 cat ==Maladi ewutaka na makambo ya bolingo== [[Maladi ewutaka na makambo ya bolingo]] [[Category:Ba almwali ya bisé|*]] 6430 2005-10-10T12:21:08Z Bombo 12 cat corr ==Maladi ewutaka na makambo ya bolingo== [[Maladi ewutaka na makambo ya bolingo]] [[Category:Maladi]] Maladi ewutaka na makambo ya bolingo 1859 6409 2005-10-06T11:38:16Z 160.85.2.50 N [[Image:SOA-Condylomata-acuminata-female.jpg|thumb|genital warp (female)]] [[Image:SOA-Condylomata-acuminata-man.jpg|thumb|genital warp (male)]] [[Image:SOA-Herpes-genitalis-male.jpg|thumb|Herpes genitalis (male)]] [[Image:Coition of a Hemisected Man and Woman.jpg|thumb|Kosala bolingo esika ya liboso]] ''' Maladi ewutaka na makambo ya bolingo''' ezali eloko ya kokamwa te, mpo nakati ya batu 10 moto moko akozala nayango. Soki ozali kobimisa mayi ya bosoto esika ya sekele, to ozali na pota na koyoka mpasi okoki kokende komeka oyeba soki okumbi [[maladi]] ewutaka na makambo ya bolingo. Maladi ewutaka na makambo ya bolingo oyo eyebani mingi yango oyo: [[Chlamydia]], [[Gonorrhoea]], <Genital Warts> na [[Herpes Genitalis]]. Okokumba maladi ewutaka na makambo ya bolingo na nzela ya: * [[Kosala bolingo]] esika ya [[liboso]] na esika ya [[sima]] * [[Poso]] na poso esika ya sekele soki ekutani * Kosala bolingo na [[monoko]] * Mama akoki kopesa mwana tango ya [[kobota]] == Nzela nini ya koyeba maladi ewutaka na makambo ya bolingo? == Maladi ewutaka na makambo ya bolingo ezali ya ndenge na ndenge mpe bato mingi bayebi te soki bazali nayango, mpo tango mosusu nzela ya kolakisa emonanaka te. Kasi soki omoni biloko oyo tokomi awa na nse, okoki kokende na bato ya sante bameka mpe ozua nkisi pamba na ndenge ya sekele. Nzela ya koyeba yango oyo: * Esika ya [[sekele]] kobimisa mai mingi koleka * [[Pota]] esika ya sekele * [[Kongwenye]] na esika ya sekele * [[Mpasi]] na tango ya kosuba * Mpasi na tango ya kosala bolingo Maladi ewutaka na makambo ya bolingo mingi bakoki kobikisa. Kasi soki etuli, maladi ewutaka na makambo ya bolingo misusu ekobebisa nzoto libela lokola kozanga mwana mpoya basi na mibali. Komeka mpe kuzua nkisi mpoya maladi ewutaka na makambo ya bolingo ekosalama na Sexual Health Clinics / GUM clinics. == Komeka mpoya maladi ewutaka na makambo ya bolingo ezali nini? == Komeka esalamaka na [[dokotolo]] to efimiele mpe bakoki kosenga kotala nzoto nayo na esika ya sekele. Tango mosusu bakosenga makila to mosuba na mayi ya esika ya sekele. 6425 2005-10-10T12:15:59Z Bombo 12 [[Image:SOA-Condylomata-acuminata-female.jpg|thumb|genital warp (female)]] [[Image:SOA-Condylomata-acuminata-man.jpg|thumb|genital warp (male)]] [[Image:SOA-Herpes-genitalis-male.jpg|thumb|Herpes genitalis (male)]] [[Image:Coition of a Hemisected Man and Woman.jpg|thumb|Kosala bolingo esika ya liboso]] ''' Maladi ewutaka na makambo ya bolingo''' ezali eloko ya kokamwa te, mpo nakati ya batu 10 moto moko akozala nayango. Soki ozali kobimisa mayi ya bosoto esika ya sekele, to ozali na pota na koyoka mpasi okoki kokende komeka oyeba soki okumbi [[maladi]] ewutaka na makambo ya bolingo. Maladi ewutaka na makambo ya bolingo oyo eyebani mingi yango oyo: [[Chlamydia]], [[Gonorrhoea]], <Genital Warts> na [[Herpes Genitalis]]. Okokumba maladi ewutaka na makambo ya bolingo na nzela ya: * [[Kosala bolingo]] esika ya [[liboso]] na esika ya [[sima]] * [[Poso]] na poso esika ya sekele soki ekutani * Kosala bolingo na [[monoko]] * Mama akoki kopesa mwana tango ya [[kobota]] == Nzela nini ya koyeba maladi ewutaka na makambo ya bolingo? == Maladi ewutaka na makambo ya bolingo ezali ya ndenge na ndenge mpe bato mingi bayebi te soki bazali nayango, mpo tango mosusu nzela ya kolakisa emonanaka te. Kasi soki omoni biloko oyo tokomi awa na nse, okoki kokende na bato ya sante bameka mpe ozua nkisi pamba na ndenge ya sekele. Nzela ya koyeba yango oyo: * Esika ya [[sekele]] kobimisa mai mingi koleka * [[Pota]] esika ya sekele * [[Kongwenye]] na esika ya sekele * [[Mpasi]] na tango ya kosuba * Mpasi na tango ya kosala bolingo Maladi ewutaka na makambo ya bolingo mingi bakoki kobikisa. Kasi soki etuli, maladi ewutaka na makambo ya bolingo misusu ekobebisa nzoto libela lokola kozanga mwana mpoya basi na mibali. Komeka mpe kuzua nkisi mpoya maladi ewutaka na makambo ya bolingo ekosalama na Sexual Health Clinics / GUM clinics. == Komeka mpoya maladi ewutaka na makambo ya bolingo ezali nini? == Komeka esalamaka na [[dokotolo]] to efimiele mpe bakoki kosenga kotala nzoto nayo na esika ya sekele. Tango mosusu bakosenga makila to mosuba na mayi ya esika ya sekele. [[Category:Maladi]] Category:Maladi 1860 6428 2005-10-10T12:19:50Z Bombo 12 cat [[Category:Maladi]] 6429 2005-10-10T12:20:17Z Bombo 12 cat [[Maladi]] 7017 2005-11-24T11:41:21Z 160.85.2.50 Category [[Maladi]] [[Category:Móngana]] [[Category:Nzoto kolongono]] Template:Lokótá 1861 6432 2005-10-10T13:22:01Z Moyogo 11 Template:Lokótá moved to Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Lokótá: structure #REDIRECT [[Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Lokótá]] Template:Mbɔ́tɛ 1862 6434 2005-10-10T13:22:16Z Moyogo 11 Template:Mbɔ́tɛ moved to Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Mbɔ́tɛ: structure #REDIRECT [[Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Mbɔ́tɛ]] Lonkásá ya libosó 1865 edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed 6439 2005-10-10T13:24:28Z Moyogo 11 ---- '''Traducteur français - lingala recherché!''' [[user:Bombo|contact]] <div style="border: 1px solid #ffad80; padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; color: #000; background-color: #fff7cb;"> <center>'''[[Wikipedia:Moy%C3%A1ngeli#moyogo|Moyángeli ya sika]]''' </div> <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> {| cellspacing="6px" | width="70%" style="border: 1px solid #6688AA; background-color:#efefef; padding:0.5em;" valign="top"| {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Mbɔ́tɛ}} | rowspan="4" width="30%" style="border: none; background-color:#efefef; padding:0em;" valign="top" | {| cellspacing="0px" cellpadding="0" | style="border: 1px solid #6688AA; background-color:#efefef; padding:0.5em;" valign="middle" | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Óyo nini}} |} |---- valign="top" | width="100%" style="border: 1px solid #32CD32; background-color:#FFFFFF; padding:0.5em;" | <div style="font-size:70%; text-align:right;"> </div> <div text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> '''«[[Special:Allpages|Allpages]]»''' &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Categories|ekákoli par catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ekakoli ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|ekakoli manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Wikipedia_themes|par thèmes]]</div> |---- valign="top" | width="70%" padding:0.5em;" | {| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |- | width="50%" valign="top" style="background-color:#eeeef3; border: 1px solid #dde4ee;" | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Nsango nini}} | width="10" | | valign="top" style="background-color:#eeeef3; border: 1px solid #dde4ee;" | <!---------- Participer---------> <h3 style="background: #dde4ee; padding: 0.3em; text-align: center; font-size:1em;">Invitation à participer</h3> <div style="background-color:#ffffff; border:0.4em solid #eeeef3; padding:0 0.3em;"> {| |- | Cette Encyclopaedie a besoin de toi, car ce sont ses lecteurs qui l'écrivent. Des bénévoles commes toi partage leur savoir pour la première Encyclopaedie en lingala. Tout les articles peuvent être modifié et amélioré. En plus tu peux ajouter de nouveaux articles. Pour essayer: la [[Wikipedia:Esiká ya kosɛka|Esika ya kosɛka]], permet d'essayer sans rien casser. Pour des questions, retourne toi vers '''[[Wikipedia:Ich brauche Hilfe|Hilfesyte]]''' . Tout pour bien débuter se trouve au [[Wikipedia:Community_portal|Community Portal]]. C'est l'endroit des participants. |} </div></div> |} {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Lokótá}} {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia}} |---- valign="top" | width="70%" style="border: 1px solid #6688AA; background-color:#F8F8FF; padding:0.5em;" | === Nkotá ya Wikipedia === <small> [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Els&auml;ssische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org (Balgarski)] [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Brezhoneg] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Catal&agrave;] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://en.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Fran&ccedil;ais] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaran&iacute;] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi)] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org &Iacute;slenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - '''[http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala]''' - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org M&acirc;ori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.org Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com Portugu&ecirc;s] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Singhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovensčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatar&ccedil;a] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org T&uuml;rk&ccedil;e] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volap&uuml;k] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://wo.wikipedia.com wolof] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org 中文] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu]</small> <!-- Liens sur autres Wikipedias sur la page principale: priere de limiter a un petit nombre. --> [[ak:]] [[fr:]] [[en:]] [[pt:]] [[af:]] [[sw:]] [[kg:]] [[simple:]] [[es:]] [[eo:]] [[wo:]] __NOTOC__ 6446 2005-10-10T14:50:24Z Moyogo 11 ---- '''Traducteur français - lingala recherché!''' [[user:Bombo|contact]] <div style="border: 1px solid #ffad80; padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; color: #000; background-color: #fff7cb;"> <center>'''[[Wikipedia:Moy%C3%A1ngeli#moyogo|Moyángeli ya sika]]''' </div> <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> {| cellspacing="6px" | width="70%" style="border: 1px solid #6688AA; background-color:#efefef; padding:0.5em;" valign="top"| {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Mbɔ́tɛ}} | rowspan="4" width="30%" style="border: none; background-color:#efefef; padding:0em;" valign="top" | {| cellspacing="0px" cellpadding="0" | style="border: 1px solid #6688AA; background-color:#efefef; padding:0.5em;" valign="middle" | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Óyo nini}} |} |---- valign="top" | width="70%" padding:0.5em;" | {| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |- | width="50%" valign="top" style="background-color:#eeeef3; border: 1px solid #dde4ee;" | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Nsango nini}} | width="10" | | valign="top" style="background-color:#eeeef3; border: 1px solid #dde4ee;" | <!---------- Participer---------> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Kosálisa}} |} |---- valign="top" | width="100%" style="border: 1px solid #32CD32; background-color:#FFFFFF; padding:0.5em;" | <div text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> '''«[[Special:Allpages|Allpages]]»''' &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Categories|ekákoli par catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ekakoli ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|ekakoli manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Wikipedia_themes|par thèmes]]</div> </div> |} {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Lokótá}} <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia}} <!-- Liens sur autres Wikipedias sur la page principale: priere de limiter a un petit nombre. --> [[ak:]] [[fr:]] [[en:]] [[pt:]] [[af:]] [[sw:]] [[kg:]] [[simple:]] [[es:]] [[eo:]] [[wo:]] __NOTOC__ 6454 2005-10-10T15:14:10Z Moyogo 11 ---- '''Traducteur français - lingala recherché!''' [[user:Bombo|contact]] <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> {| cellspacing="6px" | width="70%" style="border: 1px solid #6688AA; background-color:#efefef; padding:0.5em;" valign="top"| {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Mbɔ́tɛ}} | rowspan="4" width="30%" style="border: none; background-color:#efefef; padding:0em;" valign="top" | {| cellspacing="0px" cellpadding="0" | style="border: 1px solid #6688AA; background-color:#efefef; padding:0.5em;" valign="middle" | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Óyo nini}} |} |---- valign="top" | width="70%" padding:0.5em;" | {| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |- | width="50%" valign="top" style="background-color:#eeeef3; border: 1px solid #dde4ee;" | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Nsango nini}} | width="10" | | valign="top" style="background-color:#eeeef3; border: 1px solid #dde4ee;" | <!---------- Participer---------> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Kosálisa}} |} |---- valign="top" | width="100%" style="border: 1px solid #32CD32; background-color:#FFFFFF; padding:0.5em;" | <div text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> '''«[[Special:Allpages|Allpages]]»''' &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Categories|ekákoli par catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ekakoli ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|ekakoli manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Wikipedia_themes|par thèmes]]</div> </div> |} {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Lokótá}} <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia}} <!-- Liens sur autres Wikipedias sur la page principale: priere de limiter a un petit nombre. --> [[ak:]] [[fr:]] [[en:]] [[pt:]] [[af:]] [[sw:]] [[kg:]] [[simple:]] [[es:]] [[eo:]] [[wo:]] __NOTOC__ 6968 2005-11-21T18:37:51Z Moyogo 11 ---- '''Traducteur français - lingala recherché!''' [[user:Bombo|contact]] <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Mbɔ́tɛ}} {| cellspacing="6px" | width="75%" valign="top"| {{Encyclopédie}}<br/> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Lokótá}}<br/> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia}} | width="30%" style="border: none; background-color:#efefef; padding:0em;" valign="top" | {| cellspacing="0px" cellpadding="0" | style="border: 1px solid #6688AA; background-color:#efefef; padding:0.5em;" valign="middle" | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Óyo nini}} |- | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Nsango nini}} |- | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Kosálisa}} |} |} <div text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> '''«[[Special:Allpages|Allpages]]»''' &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Categories|ekákoli par catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ekakoli ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|ekakoli manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Wikipedia_themes|par thèmes]]</div> </div> <!-- Liens sur autres Wikipedias sur la page principale: priere de limiter a un petit nombre. --> [[ak:]] [[fr:]] [[en:]] [[pt:]] [[af:]] [[sw:]] [[kg:]] [[simple:]] [[es:]] [[eo:]] [[wo:]] __NOTOC__ 7494 2006-01-05T12:48:34Z Bombo 12 ---- '''Traducteur français - lingala recherché!''' [[user:Bombo|contact]] <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Mbɔ́tɛ}} {| cellspacing="6px" | width="75%" valign="top"| {{Encyclopédie}}<br/> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Lokótá}}<br/> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia}} | width="30%" style="border: none; background-color:#efefef; padding:0em;" valign="top" | {| cellspacing="0px" cellpadding="0" | style="border: 1px solid #6688AA; background-color:#efefef; padding:0.5em;" valign="middle" | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Óyo nini}} |- | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Nsango nini}} |- | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Kosálisa}} |} |} <div text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> '''«[[Special:Allpages|Allpages]]»''' &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Categories|ekákoli par catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ekakoli ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|ekakoli manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Wikipedia_themes|par thèmes]]</div> </div> <!-- Liens sur autres Wikipedias sur la page principale: priere de limiter a un petit nombre (langues parlés en Afrique). --> [[ak:]] [[fr:]] [[en:]] [[pt:]] [[af:]] [[sw:]] [[kg:]] [[simple:]] [[es:]] [[eo:]] [[wo:]] __NOTOC__ 7496 2006-01-05T12:58:02Z Bombo 12 tempalte 9 yanuari {{9yanuari}} <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Mbɔ́tɛ}} {| cellspacing="6px" | width="75%" valign="top"| {{Encyclopédie}}<br/> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Lokótá}}<br/> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia}} | width="30%" style="border: none; background-color:#efefef; padding:0em;" valign="top" | {| cellspacing="0px" cellpadding="0" | style="border: 1px solid #6688AA; background-color:#efefef; padding:0.5em;" valign="middle" | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Óyo nini}} |- | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Nsango nini}} |- | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Kosálisa}} |} |} <div text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> '''«[[Special:Allpages|Allpages]]»''' &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Categories|ekákoli par catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ekakoli ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|ekakoli manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Wikipedia_themes|par thèmes]]</div> </div> <!-- Liens sur autres Wikipedias sur la page principale: priere de limiter a un petit nombre. --> [[ak:]] [[fr:]] [[en:]] [[pt:]] [[af:]] [[sw:]] [[kg:]] [[simple:]] [[es:]] [[eo:]] [[wo:]] __NOTOC__ 7550 2006-01-09T10:04:53Z Bombo 12 [[User:Moyogo/Lonkásá ya libosó]] moved to [[Lonkásá ya libosó]] {{9yanuari}} <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Mbɔ́tɛ}} {| cellspacing="6px" | width="75%" valign="top"| {{Encyclopédie}}<br/> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Lokótá}}<br/> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia}} | width="30%" style="border: none; background-color:#efefef; padding:0em;" valign="top" | {| cellspacing="0px" cellpadding="0" | style="border: 1px solid #6688AA; background-color:#efefef; padding:0.5em;" valign="middle" | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Óyo nini}} |- | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Nsango nini}} |- | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Kosálisa}} |} |} <div text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> '''«[[Special:Allpages|Allpages]]»''' &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Categories|ekákoli par catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ekakoli ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|ekakoli manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Wikipedia_themes|par thèmes]]</div> </div> <!-- Liens sur autres Wikipedias sur la page principale: priere de limiter a un petit nombre. --> [[ak:]] [[fr:]] [[en:]] [[pt:]] [[af:]] [[sw:]] [[kg:]] [[simple:]] [[es:]] [[eo:]] [[wo:]] __NOTOC__ 7639 2006-01-24T10:15:51Z 193.190.112.194 {{9yanuari}} <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Mbɔ́tɛ}} {| cellspacing="6px" | width="75%" valign="top"| {{Encyclopédie}}<br/> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Lokótá}}<br/> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia}} | width="30%" style="border: none; background-color:#efefef; padding:0em;" valign="top" | {| cellspacing="0px" cellpadding="0" | style="border: 1px solid #6688AA; background-color:#efefef; padding:0.5em;" valign="middle" | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Óyo nini}} |- | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Nsango nini}} |- | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Kosálisa}} |} |} <div text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> '''«[[Special:Allpages|Allpages]]»''' &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Categories|ekákoli par catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ekakoli ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|ekakoli manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Wikipedia_themes|par thèmes]]</div> </div> <!-- Liens sur autres Wikipedias sur la page principale: priere de limiter a un petit nombre. --> [[af:]] [[ak:]] [[fr:]] [[en:]] [[eo:]] [[es:]] [[sw:]] [[kg:]] [[nl:]] [[pt:]] [[simple:]] [[wo:]] __NOTOC__ 7650 2006-01-28T16:56:30Z Moyogo 11 níni {{9yanuari}} <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Mbɔ́tɛ}} {| cellspacing="6px" | width="75%" valign="top"| {{Encyclopédie}}<br/> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Lokótá}}<br/> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia}} | width="30%" style="border: none; background-color:#efefef; padding:0em;" valign="top" | {| cellspacing="0px" cellpadding="0" | style="border: 1px solid #6688AA; background-color:#efefef; padding:0.5em;" valign="middle" | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Óyo níni}} |- | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Nsango níni}} |- | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Kosálisa}} |} |} <div text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> '''«[[Special:Allpages|Allpages]]»''' &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Categories|ekákoli par catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ekakoli ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|ekakoli manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Wikipedia_themes|par thèmes]]</div> </div> <!-- Liens sur autres Wikipedias sur la page principale: priere de limiter a un petit nombre. --> [[af:]] [[ak:]] [[fr:]] [[en:]] [[eo:]] [[es:]] [[sw:]] [[kg:]] [[nl:]] [[pt:]] [[simple:]] [[wo:]] __NOTOC__ 7716 2006-02-18T01:09:06Z 81.192.19.47 test {{9yanuari}} <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> Je suis trop contente de voir un document en lignala {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Mbɔ́tɛ}} {| cellspacing="6px" | width="75%" valign="top"| {{Encyclopédie}}<br/> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Lokótá}}<br/> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia}} | width="30%" style="border: none; background-color:#efefef; padding:0em;" valign="top" | {| cellspacing="0px" cellpadding="0" | style="border: 1px solid #6688AA; background-color:#efefef; padding:0.5em;" valign="middle" | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Óyo níni}} |- | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Nsango níni}} |- | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Kosálisa}} |} |} <div text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> '''«[[Special:Allpages|Allpages]]»''' &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Categories|ekákoli par catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ekakoli ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|ekakoli manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Wikipedia_themes|par thèmes]]</div> </div> <!-- Liens sur autres Wikipedias sur la page principale: priere de limiter a un petit nombre. --> [[af:]] [[ak:]] [[fr:]] [[en:]] [[eo:]] [[es:]] [[sw:]] [[kg:]] [[nl:]] [[pt:]] [[simple:]] [[wo:]] __NOTOC__ 7717 2006-02-18T01:10:27Z 82.246.37.78 effacement test {{9yanuari}} <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Mbɔ́tɛ}} {| cellspacing="6px" | width="75%" valign="top"| {{Encyclopédie}}<br/> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Lokótá}}<br/> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia}} | width="30%" style="border: none; background-color:#efefef; padding:0em;" valign="top" | {| cellspacing="0px" cellpadding="0" | style="border: 1px solid #6688AA; background-color:#efefef; padding:0.5em;" valign="middle" | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Óyo níni}} |- | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Nsango níni}} |- | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Kosálisa}} |} |} <div text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> '''«[[Special:Allpages|Allpages]]»''' &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Categories|ekákoli par catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ekakoli ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|ekakoli manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Wikipedia_themes|par thèmes]]</div> </div> <!-- Liens sur autres Wikipedias sur la page principale: priere de limiter a un petit nombre. --> [[af:]] [[ak:]] [[fr:]] [[en:]] [[eo:]] [[es:]] [[sw:]] [[kg:]] [[nl:]] [[pt:]] [[simple:]] [[wo:]] __NOTOC__ 8043 2006-04-22T05:08:54Z 203.232.52.112 {{9yanuari}} <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Mbɔ́tɛ}} {| cellspacing="6px" | width="75%" valign="top"| {{Encyclopédie}}<br/> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Lokótá}}<br/> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia}} | width="30%" style="border: none; background-color:#efefef; padding:0em;" valign="top" | {| cellspacing="0px" cellpadding="0" | style="border: 1px solid #6688AA; background-color:#efefef; padding:0.5em;" valign="middle" | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Óyo níni}} |- | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Nsango níni}} |- | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Kosálisa}} |} |} <div text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> '''«[[Special:Allpages|Allpages]]»''' &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Categories|ekákoli par catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ekakoli ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|ekakoli manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Wikipedia_themes|par thèmes]]</div> </div> <!-- Liens sur autres Wikipedias sur la page principale: priere de limiter a un petit nombre. --> [[af:]] [[ak:]] [[am:]] [[ar:]] [[fr:]] [[en:]] [[eo:]] [[es:]] [[sw:]] [[ja:]] [[ka:]] [[ko:]] [[kg:]] [[nl:]] [[pt:]] [[simple:]] [[wo:]] __NOTOC__ 8047 2006-04-24T10:06:15Z Bombo 12 {{9yanuari}} <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Mbɔ́tɛ}} {| cellspacing="6px" | width="75%" valign="top"| {{Encyclopédie}}<br/> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Lokótá}}<br/> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia}} | width="30%" style="border: none; background-color:#efefef; padding:0em;" valign="top" | {| cellspacing="0px" cellpadding="0" | style="border: 1px solid #6688AA; background-color:#efefef; padding:0.5em;" valign="middle" | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Óyo níni}} |- | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Nsango níni}} |- | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Kosálisa}} |} |} <div text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> '''«[[Special:Allpages|Allpages]]»''' &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Categories|ekákoli par catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ekakoli ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|ekakoli manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Wikipedia_themes|par thèmes]]</div> </div> <!-- Liens sur autres Wikipedias sur la page principale: priere de limiter a un petit nombre (langues locales et administratives africaines). Pour les autres langues (toujours sur la page principale): Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia --> <!-- Please limit the links to other Wikipedias here to a small number: african local and administratif languages. For all other languages: Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia --> [[af:]] [[ak:]] [[am:]] [[ar:]] [[fr:]] [[en:]] [[eo:]] [[es:]] [[sw:]] [[ja:]] [[ka:]] [[ko:]] [[kg:]] [[nl:]] [[pt:]] [[simple:]] [[wo:]] __NOTOC__ 8118 2006-05-13T14:13:14Z 86.221.25.81 large interwikis only, plus separate list of african interwikis __NOTOC__<!-- -->__NOEDITSECTION__<!-- -->{{9yanuari}} <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Mbɔ́tɛ}} {| cellspacing="6px" | width="75%" valign="top"| {{Encyclopédie}}<br/> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Lokótá}}<br/> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia}} | width="30%" style="border: none; background-color:#efefef; padding:0em;" valign="top" | {| cellspacing="0px" cellpadding="0" | style="border: 1px solid #6688AA; background-color:#efefef; padding:0.5em;" valign="middle" | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Óyo níni}} |- | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Nsango níni}} |- | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Kosálisa}} |} |} <div text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> '''«[[Special:Allpages|Allpages]]»''' &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Categories|ekákoli par catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ekakoli ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|ekakoli manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Wikipedia_themes|par thèmes]]</div> </div> ==Other African-language Wikipedias that are not among large ones== [[:aa:|Afar]]&nbsp;· [[:af:|Afrikaans]]&nbsp;· [[:ak:|Akan]]&nbsp;· [[:am:|አማርኛ]]&nbsp;· [[:bm:|Bamanankan]]&nbsp;· [[:ny:|Chi-Chewa]]&nbsp;· [[:sn:|chiShona]]&nbsp;· [[:tum:|chiTumbuka]]&nbsp;· [[:ee:|Ɛʋɛ]]&nbsp;· [[:ff:|Fulfude]]&nbsp;· [[:ki:|Gĩkũyũ]]&nbsp;· [[:ha:|هَوُسَ]]&nbsp;· [[:ig:|Ìgbo]]&nbsp;· [[:xh:|isiXhosa]]&nbsp;· [[:zu:|isiZulu]]&nbsp;· [[:kr:|Kanuri]]&nbsp;· [[:rw:|Kinyarwanda]]&nbsp;· [[:rn:|Kirundi]]&nbsp;· [[:sw:|Kiswahili]]&nbsp;· [[:kg:|Kongo]]&nbsp;· [[:kj:|Kuanyama]]&nbsp;· [[:lg:|Luganda]]&nbsp;· [[:mg:|Malagasy]]&nbsp;· [[:mt:|Malti]]&nbsp;· [[:om:|Oromoo]]&nbsp;· [[:ng:|Oshiwambo]]&nbsp;· [[:hz:|Otsiherero]]&nbsp;· [[:sg:|Sängö]]&nbsp;· [[:st:|seSotho]]&nbsp;· [[:tn:|Setswana]]&nbsp;· [[:ss:|SiSwati]]&nbsp;· [[:so:|Soomaaliga]]&nbsp;· [[:ti:|ትግርኛ]]&nbsp;· [[:ve:|Tshivenda]]&nbsp;· [[:tw:|Twi]]&nbsp;· [[:wo:|Wolof]]&nbsp;· [[:ts:|Xitsonga]]&nbsp;· [[:yo:|Yorùbá]]&nbsp;· (For other large Wikipedias, look into the side-bar.) <!-- Liens sur autres Wikipedias sur la page principale: priere de limiter a un petit nombre (langues locales et administratives africaines). Pour les autres langues (toujours sur la page principale): Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia Please limit the links to other Wikipedias here to a small number: african local and administrative languages. For all other languages: Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia Interwikis to large Wikipedias (more that 10,000 articles) --> [[ar:]][[id:]][[ms:]][[bg:]][[ca:]][[cs:]][[da:]][[de:]][[et:]][[el:]][[en:]][[es:]][[eo:]][[fa:]][[fr:]][[gl:]][[ko:]][[he:]][[hr:]][[io:]][[is:]][[it:]][[lt:]][[hu:]][[nl:]][[ja:]][[no:]][[nn:]][[pl:]][[pt:]][[ro:]][[ru:]][[sk:]][[sl:]][[sr:]][[fi:]][[sv:]][[th:]][[tr:]][[uk:]][[zh:]] 8136 2006-05-15T14:20:14Z Bombo 12 Reverted edit of 86.221.25.81, changed back to last version by Bombo {{9yanuari}} <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Mbɔ́tɛ}} {| cellspacing="6px" | width="75%" valign="top"| {{Encyclopédie}}<br/> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Lokótá}}<br/> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia}} | width="30%" style="border: none; background-color:#efefef; padding:0em;" valign="top" | {| cellspacing="0px" cellpadding="0" | style="border: 1px solid #6688AA; background-color:#efefef; padding:0.5em;" valign="middle" | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Óyo níni}} |- | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Nsango níni}} |- | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Kosálisa}} |} |} <div text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> '''«[[Special:Allpages|Allpages]]»''' &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Categories|ekákoli par catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ekakoli ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|ekakoli manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Wikipedia_themes|par thèmes]]</div> </div> <!-- Liens sur autres Wikipedias sur la page principale: priere de limiter a un petit nombre (langues locales et administratives africaines). Pour les autres langues (toujours sur la page principale): Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia --> <!-- Please limit the links to other Wikipedias here to a small number: african local and administratif languages. For all other languages: Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia --> [[af:]] [[ak:]] [[am:]] [[ar:]] [[fr:]] [[en:]] [[eo:]] [[es:]] [[sw:]] [[ja:]] [[ka:]] [[ko:]] [[kg:]] [[nl:]] [[pt:]] [[simple:]] [[wo:]] __NOTOC__ 8139 2006-05-16T11:17:26Z Bombo 12 interwiki {{9yanuari}} <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Mbɔ́tɛ}} {| cellspacing="6px" | width="75%" valign="top"| {{Encyclopédie}}<br/> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Lokótá}}<br/> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia}} | width="30%" style="border: none; background-color:#efefef; padding:0em;" valign="top" | {| cellspacing="0px" cellpadding="0" | style="border: 1px solid #6688AA; background-color:#efefef; padding:0.5em;" valign="middle" | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Óyo níni}} |- | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Nsango níni}} |- | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Kosálisa}} |} |} <div text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> '''«[[Special:Allpages|Allpages]]»''' &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Categories|ekákoli par catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ekakoli ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|ekakoli manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Wikipedia_themes|par thèmes]]</div> </div> <!-- Liens sur autres Wikipedias sur la page principale: priere de limiter a un petit nombre (langues locales et administratives africaines). Pour les autres langues (toujours sur la page principale): Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia --> <!-- Please limit the links to other Wikipedias here to a small number: african local and administratif languages. For all other languages: Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia --> <!-- Langues locales -- local languages--> [[af:]] [[ak:]] [[am:]] [[ar:]] [[sw:]] [[ka:]] [[kg:]] [[wo:]] <!-- langues administratifs -- administratif languages --> <!-- nl = flamand (Congo Belge) -- nl = flemish (Belgian Congo) --> [[fr:]] [[en:]] [[simple:]] [[es:]] [[nl:]] [[pt:]] __NOTOC__ 8171 2006-05-21T02:50:18Z 203.232.52.52 {{9yanuari}} <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Mbɔ́tɛ}} {| cellspacing="6px" | width="75%" valign="top"| {{Encyclopédie}}<br/> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Lokótá}}<br/> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia}} | width="30%" style="border: none; background-color:#efefef; padding:0em;" valign="top" | {| cellspacing="0px" cellpadding="0" | style="border: 1px solid #6688AA; background-color:#efefef; padding:0.5em;" valign="middle" | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Óyo níni}} |- | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Nsango níni}} |- | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Kosálisa}} |} |} <div text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> '''«[[Special:Allpages|Allpages]]»''' &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Categories|ekákoli par catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ekakoli ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|ekakoli manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Wikipedia_themes|par thèmes]]</div> </div> <!-- Liens sur autres Wikipedias sur la page principale: priere de limiter a un petit nombre (langues locales et administratives africaines). Pour les autres langues (toujours sur la page principale): Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia --> <!-- Please limit the links to other Wikipedias here to a small number: african local and administratif languages. For all other languages: Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia --> <!-- Langues locales -- local languages--> [[am:]] [[ar:]] [[af:]] [[ak:]] [[am:]] [[ar:]] [[sw:]] [[ka:]] [[kg:]] [[ko:]] [[wo:]] <!-- langues administratifs -- administratif languages --> <!-- nl = flamand (Congo Belge) -- nl = flemish (Belgian Congo) --> [[am:]] [[ar:]] [[fr:]] [[en:]] [[simple:]] [[es:]] [[ko:]] [[nl:]] [[pt:]] __NOTOC__ 8172 2006-05-21T02:51:18Z 203.232.52.52 {{9yanuari}} <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Mbɔ́tɛ}} {| cellspacing="6px" | width="75%" valign="top"| {{Encyclopédie}}<br/> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Lokótá}}<br/> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia}} | width="30%" style="border: none; background-color:#efefef; padding:0em;" valign="top" | {| cellspacing="0px" cellpadding="0" | style="border: 1px solid #6688AA; background-color:#efefef; padding:0.5em;" valign="middle" | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Óyo níni}} |- | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Nsango níni}} |- | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Kosálisa}} |} |} <div text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> '''«[[Special:Allpages|Allpages]]»''' &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Categories|ekákoli par catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ekakoli ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|ekakoli manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Wikipedia_themes|par thèmes]]</div> </div> <!-- Liens sur autres Wikipedias sur la page principale: priere de limiter a un petit nombre (langues locales et administratives africaines). Pour les autres langues (toujours sur la page principale): Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia --> <!-- Please limit the links to other Wikipedias here to a small number: african local and administratif languages. For all other languages: Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia --> <!-- Langues locales -- local languages--> [[am:]] [[af:]] [[ak:]] [[sw:]] [[ka:]] [[kg:]] [[wo:]] <!-- langues administratifs -- administratif languages --> <!-- nl = flamand (Congo Belge) -- nl = flemish (Belgian Congo) --> [[ar:]] [[az:]] [[fr:]] [[en:]] [[simple:]] [[es:]] [[ko:]] [[nl:]] [[pt:]] [[tr:]] __NOTOC__ 8184 2006-05-22T12:49:39Z Bombo 12 az:/ka:/ko:/tr: are asian, not african! All other languages ar in the all other languages: Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia (still on the main page). {{9yanuari}} <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Mbɔ́tɛ}} {| cellspacing="6px" | width="75%" valign="top"| {{Encyclopédie}}<br/> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Lokótá}}<br/> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia}} | width="30%" style="border: none; background-color:#efefef; padding:0em;" valign="top" | {| cellspacing="0px" cellpadding="0" | style="border: 1px solid #6688AA; background-color:#efefef; padding:0.5em;" valign="middle" | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Óyo níni}} |- | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Nsango níni}} |- | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Kosálisa}} |} |} <div text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> '''«[[Special:Allpages|Allpages]]»''' &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Categories|ekákoli par catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ekakoli ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|ekakoli manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Wikipedia_themes|par thèmes]]</div> </div> <!-- Liens sur autres Wikipedias sur la page principale: priere de limiter a un petit nombre (langues locales et administratives africaines). Pour les autres langues (toujours sur la page principale): Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia --> <!-- Please limit the links to other Wikipedias here to a small number: african local and administratif languages. For all other languages: Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia --> <!-- Langues locales -- local languages--> [[am:]] [[af:]] [[ak:]] [[sw:]] [[kg:]] [[wo:]] <!-- langues administratifs -- administratif languages --> <!-- nl = flamand (Congo Belge) -- nl = flemish (Belgian Congo) --> [[ar:]] [[fr:]] [[en:]] [[simple:]] [[es:]] [[nl:]] [[pt:]] __NOTOC__ 8241 2006-05-25T11:16:17Z Moyogo 11 -{{9yanuari}} <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Mbɔ́tɛ}} {| cellspacing="6px" | width="75%" valign="top"| {{Encyclopédie}}<br/> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Lokótá}}<br/> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia}} | width="30%" style="border: none; background-color:#efefef; padding:0em;" valign="top" | {| cellspacing="0px" cellpadding="0" | style="border: 1px solid #6688AA; background-color:#efefef; padding:0.5em;" valign="middle" | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Óyo níni}} |- | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Nsango níni}} |- | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Kosálisa}} |} |} <div text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> '''«[[Special:Allpages|Allpages]]»''' &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Categories|ekákoli par catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ekakoli ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|ekakoli manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Wikipedia_themes|par thèmes]]</div> </div> <!-- Liens sur autres Wikipedias sur la page principale: priere de limiter a un petit nombre (langues locales et administratives africaines). Pour les autres langues (toujours sur la page principale): Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia --> <!-- Please limit the links to other Wikipedias here to a small number: african local and administratif languages. For all other languages: Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia --> <!-- Langues locales -- local languages--> [[am:]] [[af:]] [[ak:]] [[sw:]] [[kg:]] [[wo:]] <!-- langues administratifs -- administratif languages --> <!-- nl = flamand (Congo Belge) -- nl = flemish (Belgian Congo) --> [[ar:]] [[fr:]] [[en:]] [[simple:]] [[es:]] [[nl:]] [[pt:]] __NOTOC__ 8357 2006-06-06T08:41:06Z Bombo 12 ak: > tw: <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Mbɔ́tɛ}} {| cellspacing="6px" | width="75%" valign="top"| {{Encyclopédie}}<br/> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Lokótá}}<br/> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia}} | width="30%" style="border: none; background-color:#efefef; padding:0em;" valign="top" | {| cellspacing="0px" cellpadding="0" | style="border: 1px solid #6688AA; background-color:#efefef; padding:0.5em;" valign="middle" | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Óyo níni}} |- | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Nsango níni}} |- | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Kosálisa}} |} |} <div text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> '''«[[Special:Allpages|Allpages]]»''' &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Categories|ekákoli par catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ekakoli ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|ekakoli manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Wikipedia_themes|par thèmes]]</div> </div> <!-- Liens sur autres Wikipedias sur la page principale: priere de limiter a un petit nombre (langues locales et administratives africaines). Pour les autres langues (toujours sur la page principale): Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia --> <!-- Please limit the links to other Wikipedias here to a small number: african local and administratif languages. For all other languages: Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia --> <!-- Langues locales -- local languages--> [[am:]] [[af:]] [[sw:]] [[kg:]] [[tw:]] [[wo:]] <!-- langues administratifs -- administratif languages --> <!-- nl = flamand (Congo Belge) -- nl = flemish (Belgian Congo) --> [[ar:]] [[fr:]] [[en:]] [[simple:]] [[es:]] [[nl:]] [[pt:]] __NOTOC__ 8983 2006-08-01T10:41:13Z 85.157.122.74 <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Mbɔ́tɛ}} {| cellspacing="6px" | width="75%" valign="top"| {{Encyclopédie}}<br/> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Lokótá}}<br/> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia}} | width="30%" style="border: none; background-color:#efefef; padding:0em;" valign="top" | {| cellspacing="0px" cellpadding="0" | style="border: 1px solid #6688AA; background-color:#efefef; padding:0.5em;" valign="middle" | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Óyo níni}} |- | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Nsango níni}} |- | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Kosálisa}} |} |} <div text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> '''«[[Special:Allpages|Allpages]]»''' &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Categories|ekákoli par catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ekakoli ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|ekakoli manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Wikipedia_themes|par thèmes]]</div> </div> <!-- Liens sur autres Wikipedias sur la page principale: priere de limiter a un petit nombre (langues locales et administratives africaines). Pour les autres langues (toujours sur la page principale): Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia --> <!-- Please limit the links to other Wikipedias here to a small number: african local and administratif languages. For all other languages: Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia --> <!-- Langues locales -- local languages--> [[am:]] [[af:]] [[sw:]] [[kg:]] [[tw:]] [[wo:]] <!-- langues administratifs -- administratif languages --> <!-- nl = flamand (Congo Belge) -- nl = flemish (Belgian Congo) --> [[ar:]] [[fr:]] [[en:]] [[simple:]] [[es:]] [[fi]] [[nl:]] [[pt:]] __NOTOC__ 9335 2006-09-10T10:23:04Z 84.231.242.141 9337 2006-09-10T20:51:58Z Martin Kozák 86 rv, vandalism <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Mbɔ́tɛ}} {| cellspacing="6px" | width="75%" valign="top"| {{Encyclopédie}}<br/> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Lokótá}}<br/> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia}} | width="30%" style="border: none; background-color:#efefef; padding:0em;" valign="top" | {| cellspacing="0px" cellpadding="0" | style="border: 1px solid #6688AA; background-color:#efefef; padding:0.5em;" valign="middle" | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Óyo níni}} |- | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Nsango níni}} |- | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Kosálisa}} |} |} <div text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> '''«[[Special:Allpages|Allpages]]»''' &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Categories|ekákoli par catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ekakoli ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|ekakoli manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Wikipedia_themes|par thèmes]]</div> </div> <!-- Liens sur autres Wikipedias sur la page principale: priere de limiter a un petit nombre (langues locales et administratives africaines). Pour les autres langues (toujours sur la page principale): Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia --> <!-- Please limit the links to other Wikipedias here to a small number: african local and administratif languages. For all other languages: Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia --> <!-- Langues locales -- local languages--> [[am:]] [[af:]] [[sw:]] [[kg:]] [[tw:]] [[wo:]] <!-- langues administratifs -- administratif languages --> <!-- nl = flamand (Congo Belge) -- nl = flemish (Belgian Congo) --> [[ar:]] [[fr:]] [[en:]] [[simple:]] [[es:]] [[fi]] [[nl:]] [[pt:]] __NOTOC__ 9340 2006-09-11T13:01:46Z Bombo 12 Protected "[[Lonkásá ya libosó]]": vandalism [edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed] <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Mbɔ́tɛ}} {| cellspacing="6px" | width="75%" valign="top"| {{Encyclopédie}}<br/> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Lokótá}}<br/> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia}} | width="30%" style="border: none; background-color:#efefef; padding:0em;" valign="top" | {| cellspacing="0px" cellpadding="0" | style="border: 1px solid #6688AA; background-color:#efefef; padding:0.5em;" valign="middle" | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Óyo níni}} |- | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Nsango níni}} |- | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Kosálisa}} |} |} <div text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> '''«[[Special:Allpages|Allpages]]»''' &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Categories|ekákoli par catégorie]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Newpages|ekakoli ya sika]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Special:Wantedpages|ekakoli manquants]] &nbsp; – &nbsp; [[Wikipedia_themes|par thèmes]]</div> </div> <!-- Liens sur autres Wikipedias sur la page principale: priere de limiter a un petit nombre (langues locales et administratives africaines). Pour les autres langues (toujours sur la page principale): Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia --> <!-- Please limit the links to other Wikipedias here to a small number: african local and administratif languages. For all other languages: Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia --> <!-- Langues locales -- local languages--> [[am:]] [[af:]] [[sw:]] [[kg:]] [[tw:]] [[wo:]] <!-- langues administratifs -- administratif languages --> <!-- nl = flamand (Congo Belge) -- nl = flemish (Belgian Congo) --> [[ar:]] [[fr:]] [[en:]] [[simple:]] [[es:]] [[fi]] [[nl:]] [[pt:]] __NOTOC__ 9716 2006-11-11T22:37:36Z Bombo 12 <div style="position:relative;visibility:hidden">---Sidenote START---</div> {| cellspacing="6px" | width="75%" valign="top"| {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Mbɔ́tɛ}}<br/> {{Encyclopédie}}<br/> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Lokótá}}<br/> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia}} | width="30%" style="border: none; background-color:#efefef; padding:0em;" valign="top" | {| cellspacing="0px" cellpadding="0" | style="border: 1px solid #6688AA; background-color:#efefef; padding:0.5em;" valign="middle" | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Óyo níni}} |- | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Nsango níni}} |- | {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Kosálisa}}<br/> {{Lonkásá ya libosó/Special}} |} |} <!-- Liens sur autres Wikipedias sur la page principale: priere de limiter a un petit nombre (langues locales et administratives africaines). Pour les autres langues (toujours sur la page principale): Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia --> <!-- Please limit the links to other Wikipedias here to a small number: african local and administratif languages. For all other languages: Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia --> <!-- Langues locales -- local languages--> [[am:]] [[af:]] [[sw:]] [[kg:]] [[tw:]] [[wo:]] <!-- langues administratifs -- administratif languages --> <!-- nl = flamand (Congo Belge) -- nl = flemish (Belgian Congo) --> [[ar:]] [[fr:]] [[en:]] [[simple:]] [[es:]] [[nl:]] [[pt:]] __NOTOC__ Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia 1866 6440 2005-10-10T14:10:12Z Moyogo 11 {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" width="100%" | cellpadding="0" style="text-align: center; background: #006699; color: #ffffff;" | '''Nkotá ya Wikipedia''' |- | align="left" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | <div class="plainlinks"> ''Bawikipedia ya monɛ́nɛ elekí 20 000 :'' [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk&nbsp;(Lidanɛsi)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch&nbsp;(Lialemani)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://en.wikipedia.org/ English&nbsp;(Lingɛlɛsi)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://eo.wikipedia.org/ Esperanto&nbsp;(Lisipelanto)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://es.wikipedia.org/ Espa&ntilde;ol&nbsp;(Liespanyola)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://fr.wikipedia.org/ Fran&ccedil;ais&nbsp;(Lifalansé)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://it.wikipedia.org/ Italiano&nbsp;(litaliano)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://ja.wikipedia.org/ 日本語&nbsp;&nbsp;(Liyapani)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://nl.wikipedia.org/ Nederlands&nbsp;(Lifalamá)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://pl.wikipedia.org/ Polski&nbsp;(lipolonɛsi)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://pt.wikipedia.org/ Português &nbsp;(liputugeshi)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://fi.wikipedia.org/ Suomeksi&nbsp;(lis)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://sv.wikipedia.org/ Svenska&nbsp;(Lisverige)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://zh.wikipedia.org/ 中文&nbsp;(Lisinwazi)] <small> ''Bawikipedia basúsu''<br> <small> [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Els&auml;ssische] - [http://am.wikipedia.org 'Amarinnya] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://as.wikipeida.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org (Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.com Catal&agrave;] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Cˇesky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://el.wikipedia.org &Epsilon;&lambda;&lambda;&eta;&nu;&iota;&kappa;&#940; (Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.com Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.com Esperanto] - [http://et.wikipedia.org Eesti] - [http://eu.wikipedia.com Euskara] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (?????) Farsi (Kiajemi)] - [http://fi.wikipedia.org Suomi] - [http://fr.wikipedia.org Fran&ccedil;ais] - [http://fy.wikipedia.com Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.com Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaran&iacute;] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org/ Hangukeo] - [http://zh.wikipedia.com Hanyu] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://io.wikipedia.org Ido] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org &Iacute;slenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Kashmiri] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lv.wikipedia.org Latviesˇu] - [http://lt.wikipedia.org Lietuvu˛] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org M&acirc;ori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://ja.wikipedia.org Nihongo] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org Oz'bek] - [http://nds.wikipedia.org Plattd&uuml;&uuml;tsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com Polski] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.com Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.com Русский (Kirusi)] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqip] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Singhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovencˇina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://fi.wikipedia.org Suomeksi] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svensk] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik-Farsi] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org/ Tatar&ccedil;a] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org/ T&uuml;rk&ccedil;e] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek (Özbekçe)]- [http://vi.wikipedia.org Ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t&nbsp;] - [http://vo.wikipedia.com/ Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] - </small> [[meta:How to start a new wikipedia|Obanda Wikipedia ya lokóta ya yɔ̌ bóní?]] </div> |} 8140 2006-05-16T11:23:03Z Bombo 12 ko: {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" width="100%" | cellpadding="0" style="text-align: center; background: #006699; color: #ffffff;" | '''Nkotá ya Wikipedia''' |- | align="left" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | <div class="plainlinks"> ''Bawikipedia ya monɛ́nɛ elekí 20 000 :'' [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk&nbsp;(Lidanɛsi)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch&nbsp;(Lialemani)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://en.wikipedia.org English&nbsp;(Lingɛlɛsi)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto&nbsp;(Lisipelanto)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://es.wikipedia.org Espa&ntilde;ol&nbsp;(Liespanyola)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://fr.wikipedia.org Fran&ccedil;ais&nbsp;(Lifalansé)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://it.wikipedia.org Italiano&nbsp;(litaliano)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://ja.wikipedia.org 日本語&nbsp;&nbsp;(Liyapani)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://ko.wikipedia.org Hangugeo (Korea)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands&nbsp;(Lifalamá)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://pl.wikipedia.org Polski&nbsp;(lipolonɛsi)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://pt.wikipedia.org Português &nbsp;(liputugeshi)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://fi.wikipedia.org Suomeksi&nbsp;(lis)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://sv.wikipedia.org Svenska&nbsp;(Lisverige)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://zh.wikipedia.org 中文&nbsp;(Lisinwazi)] <small> ''Bawikipedia basúsu''<br> <small> [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Els&auml;ssische] - [http://am.wikipedia.org 'Amarinnya] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://as.wikipeida.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org (Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.com Catal&agrave;] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Cˇesky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://el.wikipedia.org &Epsilon;&lambda;&lambda;&eta;&nu;&iota;&kappa;&#940; (Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.com Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.com Esperanto] - [http://et.wikipedia.org Eesti] - [http://eu.wikipedia.com Euskara] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (?????) Farsi (Kiajemi)] - [http://fi.wikipedia.org Suomi] - [http://fr.wikipedia.org Fran&ccedil;ais] - [http://fy.wikipedia.com Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.com Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaran&iacute;] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org/ Hangukeo] - [http://zh.wikipedia.com Hanyu] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://io.wikipedia.org Ido] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org &Iacute;slenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Kashmiri] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lv.wikipedia.org Latviesˇu] - [http://lt.wikipedia.org Lietuvu˛] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org M&acirc;ori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://ja.wikipedia.org Nihongo] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org Oz'bek] - [http://nds.wikipedia.org Plattd&uuml;&uuml;tsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com Polski] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.com Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.com Русский (Kirusi)] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqip] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Singhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovencˇina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://fi.wikipedia.org Suomeksi] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svensk] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik-Farsi] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org/ Tatar&ccedil;a] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org/ T&uuml;rk&ccedil;e] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek (Özbekçe)]- [http://vi.wikipedia.org Ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t&nbsp;] - [http://vo.wikipedia.com/ Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] - </small> [[meta:How to start a new wikipedia|Obanda Wikipedia ya lokóta ya yɔ̌ bóní?]] </div> |} [[eo:]] [[ja:]] [[ko:]] 8141 2006-05-16T11:24:43Z Bombo 12 한국어 {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" width="100%" | cellpadding="0" style="text-align: center; background: #006699; color: #ffffff;" | '''Nkotá ya Wikipedia''' |- | align="left" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | <div class="plainlinks"> ''Bawikipedia ya monɛ́nɛ elekí 20 000 :'' [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk&nbsp;(Lidanɛsi)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch&nbsp;(Lialemani)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://en.wikipedia.org English&nbsp;(Lingɛlɛsi)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto&nbsp;(Lisipelanto)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://es.wikipedia.org Espa&ntilde;ol&nbsp;(Liespanyola)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://fr.wikipedia.org Fran&ccedil;ais&nbsp;(Lifalansé)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://it.wikipedia.org Italiano&nbsp;(litaliano)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://ja.wikipedia.org 日本語&nbsp;&nbsp;(Liyapani)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://ko.wikipedia.org 한국어&nbsp;&nbsp; (Hangugeo, Korea)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands&nbsp;(Lifalamá)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://pl.wikipedia.org Polski&nbsp;(lipolonɛsi)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://pt.wikipedia.org Português &nbsp;(liputugeshi)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://fi.wikipedia.org Suomeksi&nbsp;(lis)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://sv.wikipedia.org Svenska&nbsp;(Lisverige)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://zh.wikipedia.org 中文&nbsp;(Lisinwazi)] <small> ''Bawikipedia basúsu''<br> <small> [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Els&auml;ssische] - [http://am.wikipedia.org 'Amarinnya] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://as.wikipeida.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org (Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.com Catal&agrave;] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Cˇesky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://el.wikipedia.org &Epsilon;&lambda;&lambda;&eta;&nu;&iota;&kappa;&#940; (Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.com Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.com Esperanto] - [http://et.wikipedia.org Eesti] - [http://eu.wikipedia.com Euskara] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (?????) Farsi (Kiajemi)] - [http://fi.wikipedia.org Suomi] - [http://fr.wikipedia.org Fran&ccedil;ais] - [http://fy.wikipedia.com Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.com Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaran&iacute;] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org/ Hangukeo] - [http://zh.wikipedia.com Hanyu] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://io.wikipedia.org Ido] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org &Iacute;slenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Kashmiri] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lv.wikipedia.org Latviesˇu] - [http://lt.wikipedia.org Lietuvu˛] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org M&acirc;ori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://ja.wikipedia.org Nihongo] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org Oz'bek] - [http://nds.wikipedia.org Plattd&uuml;&uuml;tsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com Polski] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.com Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.com Русский (Kirusi)] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqip] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Singhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovencˇina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://fi.wikipedia.org Suomeksi] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svensk] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik-Farsi] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org/ Tatar&ccedil;a] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org/ T&uuml;rk&ccedil;e] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek (Özbekçe)]- [http://vi.wikipedia.org Ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t&nbsp;] - [http://vo.wikipedia.com/ Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] - </small> [[meta:How to start a new wikipedia|Obanda Wikipedia ya lokóta ya yɔ̌ bóní?]] </div> |} [[eo:]] [[ja:]] [[ko:]] 8147 2006-05-19T18:00:24Z 160.85.2.50 m {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" width="100%" | cellpadding="0" style="text-align: center; background: #006699; color: #ffffff;" | '''Nkotá ya Wikipedia''' |- | align="left" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | <div class="plainlinks"> ''Bawikipedia ya monɛ́nɛ elekí 20 000 :'' [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk&nbsp;(Lidanɛsi)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch&nbsp;(Lialemani)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://en.wikipedia.org English&nbsp;(Lingɛlɛsi)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto&nbsp;(Lisipelanto)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://es.wikipedia.org Espa&ntilde;ol&nbsp;(Liespanyola)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://fr.wikipedia.org Fran&ccedil;ais&nbsp;(Lifalansé)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://it.wikipedia.org Italiano&nbsp;(litaliano)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://ja.wikipedia.org 日本語&nbsp;&nbsp;(Liyapani)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://ko.wikipedia.org 한국어&nbsp;&nbsp; (Hangugeo, Korea)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands&nbsp;(Lifalamá)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://pl.wikipedia.org Polski&nbsp;(lipolonɛsi)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://pt.wikipedia.org Português &nbsp;(liputugeshi)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://fi.wikipedia.org Suomeksi&nbsp;(lis)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://sv.wikipedia.org Svenska&nbsp;(Lisverige)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://zh.wikipedia.org 中文&nbsp;(Lisinwazi)] <small> ''Bawikipedia basúsu''<br> <small> [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Els&auml;ssische] - [http://am.wikipedia.org 'Amarinnya] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://as.wikipeida.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org (Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.com Catal&agrave;] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Cˇesky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://el.wikipedia.org &Epsilon;&lambda;&lambda;&eta;&nu;&iota;&kappa;&#940; (Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.com Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.com Esperanto] - [http://et.wikipedia.org Eesti] - [http://eu.wikipedia.com Euskara] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (?????) Farsi (Kiajemi)] - [http://fi.wikipedia.org Suomi] - [http://fr.wikipedia.org Fran&ccedil;ais] - [http://fy.wikipedia.com Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.com Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaran&iacute;] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org/ Hangukeo] - [http://zh.wikipedia.com Hanyu] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://io.wikipedia.org Ido] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org &Iacute;slenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Kashmiri] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lv.wikipedia.org Latviesˇu] - [http://lt.wikipedia.org Lietuvu˛] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org M&acirc;ori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://ja.wikipedia.org Nihongo] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org Oz'bek] - [http://nds.wikipedia.org Plattd&uuml;&uuml;tsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com Polski] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.com Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.com Русский (Kirusi)] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqip] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Singhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovencˇina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://fi.wikipedia.org Suomeksi] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svensk] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik-Farsi] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org/ Tatar&ccedil;a] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org/ T&uuml;rk&ccedil;e] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek (Özbekçe)]- [http://vi.wikipedia.org Ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t&nbsp;] - [http://vo.wikipedia.com/ Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] - </small> [[meta:How to start a new wikipedia|Obanda Wikipedia ya lokóta ya yɔ̌ bóní?]] </div> |} 8358 2006-06-06T09:01:09Z Bombo 12 Bawikipedia ya Afrika {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" width="100%" | cellpadding="0" style="text-align: center; background: #006699; color: #ffffff;" | '''Nkotá ya Wikipedia''' |- | align="left" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | <div class="plainlinks"> ''Bawikipedia ya monɛ́nɛ elekí 20 000 :'' [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk&nbsp;(Lidanɛsi)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch&nbsp;(Lialemani)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://en.wikipedia.org English&nbsp;(Lingɛlɛsi)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto&nbsp;(Lisipelanto)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://es.wikipedia.org Espa&ntilde;ol&nbsp;(Liespanyola)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://fr.wikipedia.org Fran&ccedil;ais&nbsp;(Lifalansé)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://it.wikipedia.org Italiano&nbsp;(litaliano)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://ja.wikipedia.org 日本語&nbsp;&nbsp;(Liyapani)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://ko.wikipedia.org 한국어&nbsp;&nbsp; (Hangugeo, Korea)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands&nbsp;(Lifalamá)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://pl.wikipedia.org Polski&nbsp;(lipolonɛsi)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://pt.wikipedia.org Português &nbsp;(liputugeshi)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://fi.wikipedia.org Suomeksi&nbsp;(lis)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://sv.wikipedia.org Svenska&nbsp;(Lisverige)]&nbsp;&ndash; [http://zh.wikipedia.org 中文&nbsp;(Lisinwazi)] <small> ''Bawikipedia basúsu''<br> <small> [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Alemannisch] - [http://am.wikipedia.org 'Amarinnya] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://as.wikipeida.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org (Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.com Catal&agrave;] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Cˇesky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://el.wikipedia.org &Epsilon;&lambda;&lambda;&eta;&nu;&iota;&kappa;&#940; (Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.com Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.com Esperanto] - [http://et.wikipedia.org Eesti] - [http://eu.wikipedia.com Euskara] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (?????) Farsi (Kiajemi)] - [http://fi.wikipedia.org Suomi] - [http://fr.wikipedia.org Fran&ccedil;ais] - [http://fy.wikipedia.com Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.com Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaran&iacute;] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org/ Hangukeo] - [http://zh.wikipedia.com Hanyu] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://io.wikipedia.org Ido] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org &Iacute;slenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Kashmiri] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lv.wikipedia.org Latviesˇu] - [http://lt.wikipedia.org Lietuvu˛] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org M&acirc;ori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://ja.wikipedia.org Nihongo] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org Oz'bek] - [http://nds.wikipedia.org Plattd&uuml;&uuml;tsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com Polski] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.com Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.com Русский (Kirusi)] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqip] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Singhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovencˇina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://fi.wikipedia.org Suomeksi] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svensk] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik-Farsi] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org/ Tatar&ccedil;a] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org/ T&uuml;rk&ccedil;e] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek (Özbekçe)]- [http://vi.wikipedia.org Ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t&nbsp;] - [http://vo.wikipedia.com/ Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] - </small> ===Bawikipedia ya Afrika=== [[:aa:|Afar]]&nbsp;· [[:af:|Afrikaans]]&nbsp;· [[:ak:|Akan]]&nbsp;· [[:am:|አማርኛ]]&nbsp;· [[:bm:|Bamanankan]]&nbsp;· [[:ny:|Chi-Chewa]]&nbsp;· [[:sn:|chiShona]]&nbsp;· [[:tum:|chiTumbuka]]&nbsp;· [[:ee:|Ɛʋɛ]]&nbsp;· [[:ff:|Fulfude]]&nbsp;· [[:ki:|Gĩkũyũ]]&nbsp;· [[:ha:|هَوُسَ]]&nbsp;· [[:ig:|Ìgbo]]&nbsp;· [[:zu:|isiZulu]]&nbsp;· [[:kr:|Kanuri]]&nbsp;· [[:kg:|Kikongo]]&nbsp;· [[:rw:|Kinyarwanda]]&nbsp;· [[:rn:|Kirundi]]&nbsp;· [[:sw:|Kiswahili]]&nbsp;· [[:kj:|Kuanyama]]&nbsp;· '''Lingála'''&nbsp;· [[:lg:|Luganda]]&nbsp;· [[:mg:|Malagasy]]&nbsp;· [[:mt:|Malti]]&nbsp;· [[:om:|Oromoo]]&nbsp;· [[:ng:|Oshiwambo]]&nbsp;· [[:hz:|Otsiherero]]&nbsp;· [[:sg:|Sängö]]&nbsp;· [[:st:|seSotho]]&nbsp;· [[:tn:|Setswana]]&nbsp;· [[:ss:|SiSwati]]&nbsp;· [[:so:|Soomaaliga]]&nbsp;· [[:ti:|ትግርኛ]]&nbsp;· [[:ve:|Tshivenda]]&nbsp;· [[:tw:|Twi]]&nbsp;· [[:wo:|Wolof]]&nbsp;· [[:xh:|Xhosa]]&nbsp;· [[:ts:|Xitsonga]]&nbsp;· [[:yo:|Yorùbá]]&nbsp;· [[meta:How to start a new wikipedia|Obanda Wikipedia ya lokóta ya yɔ̌ bóní?]] </div> |} Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Kosálisa 1867 6442 2005-10-10T14:39:07Z Moyogo 11 <h3 style="background: #dde4ee; padding: 0.3em; text-align: center; font-size:1em;">Invitation à participer</h3> <div style="background-color:#ffffff; border:0.4em solid #eeeef3; padding:0 0.3em;"> {| |- | Cette Encyclopaedie a besoin de toi, car ce sont ses lecteurs qui l'écrivent. Des bénévoles commes toi partage leur savoir pour la première Encyclopaedie en lingala. Tout les articles peuvent être modifié et amélioré. En plus tu peux ajouter de nouveaux articles. Pour essayer: la [[Wikipedia:Esiká ya kosɛka|Esika ya kosɛka]], permet d'essayer sans rien casser. Pour des questions, retourne toi vers '''[[Wikipedia:Ich brauche Hilfe|Hilfesyte]]''' . Tout pour bien débuter se trouve au [[Wikipedia:Community_portal|Community Portal]]. C'est l'endroit des participants. |} </div> 6464 2005-10-10T15:59:19Z Bombo 12 <h3 style="background: #dde4ee; padding: 0.3em; text-align: center; font-size:1em;">Invitation à participer</h3> <div style="background-color:#ffffff; border:0.4em solid #eeeef3; padding:0 0.3em;"> {| |- | Cette Encyclopaedie a besoin de toi, car ce sont ses lecteurs qui l'écrivent. Des bénévoles commes toi partage leur savoir pour la première Encyclopaedie en lingala. Tout les articles peuvent être modifié et amélioré. En plus tu peux ajouter de nouveaux articles. Pour essayer: la [[Wikipedia:Esiká ya kosɛka|Esika ya kosɛka]], permet d'essayer sans rien casser. Pour des questions, retourne toi vers '''[[Wikipedia:FAQ|Bosungi]]''' . Tout pour bien débuter se trouve au [[Wikipedia:Community_Portal|Community Portal]]. C'est l'endroit des participants. |} </div> Kokolola 1868 6448 2005-10-10T15:08:11Z 160.85.2.50 [[Category:Maladi]] 6705 2005-11-05T16:18:50Z Blockinblox 38 {{ndámbo}} {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Maladi]] Fɛ́fɛlɛ 1869 6449 2005-10-10T15:08:37Z 160.85.2.50 [[Category:Maladi]] 6706 2005-11-05T16:19:50Z Blockinblox 38 {{ndámbo}} {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Maladi]] 6708 2005-11-05T16:21:14Z Moyogo 11 Fievre moved to Fɛ́fɛlɛ {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Maladi]] 7826 2006-03-10T16:47:27Z Bombo 12 interwiki {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Maladi]] [[da:Feber]] [[de:Fieber]] [[en:Fever]] [[es:Fiebre]] [[eu:Sukar]] [[he:חום (תסמין למחלה)]] [[io:Febro]] [[it:Febbre]] [[ms:Demam]] [[nl:Koorts]] [[nn:Feber]] [[no:Feber]] [[pl:Gorączka]] [[pt:Febre]] [[sv:Feber]] 7870 2006-03-27T03:47:01Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: cs, fi, fr, ru, simple {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Maladi]] [[cs:Horečka]] [[da:Feber]] [[de:Fieber]] [[en:Fever]] [[es:Fiebre]] [[eu:Sukar]] [[fi:Kuume]] [[fr:Fièvre]] [[he:חום (תסמין למחלה)]] [[io:Febro]] [[it:Febbre]] [[ms:Demam]] [[nl:Koorts]] [[nn:Feber]] [[no:Feber]] [[pl:Gorączka]] [[pt:Febre]] [[ru:Лихорадка]] [[simple:Fever]] [[sv:Feber]] 9162 2006-08-25T16:30:20Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: [[uk:Лихоманка (жар)]], [[zh:发热]] {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Maladi]] [[cs:Horečka]] [[da:Feber]] [[de:Fieber]] [[en:Fever]] [[es:Fiebre]] [[eu:Sukar]] [[fi:Kuume]] [[fr:Fièvre]] [[he:חום (תסמין למחלה)]] [[io:Febro]] [[it:Febbre]] [[ms:Demam]] [[nl:Koorts]] [[nn:Feber]] [[no:Feber]] [[pl:Gorączka]] [[pt:Febre]] [[ru:Лихорадка]] [[simple:Fever]] [[sv:Feber]] [[uk:Лихоманка (жар)]] [[zh:发热]] Kokondo 1870 6450 2005-10-10T15:09:13Z 160.85.2.50 [[Category:Maladi]] 6707 2005-11-05T16:20:32Z Blockinblox 38 {{ndámbo}} {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Maladi]] Ndenge ya Misala 1872 6482 2005-10-13T16:39:02Z Bombo 12 [[Image:AF-kindergarten.jpg|thumb|Kotambuisa bana na zaladini ya Afghanistan]] ===Mpo na ntango muke=== Misala oyo etali kobatela “mpo na tango muke” edzali kopesa epai nayo lolenge oyo ebongisami mpo na bana. Ba ntango oyo ya kobatela eumelaka na pembeni nkonga misato na ndambo. Ba ntango yango ya kobatela bana mpo na ntango muke yango oyo: * Kotambuisa bana na zaladini (Jardins d’enfants); * Kelasi ya bana ya mike mike (les maternelles Montesori); Mosala mosusu ya lolenge oyo etalaka banaya mbula mibale kino na mitano. ===Mpo na ntango ebele=== Misala mpo na bobateli mpo na ntango ebele kopesa epa nayo ba bisengeli ya koyamba bana uta nsanza mitano (5) kino mbula mitano (5). Na liboke oyo ya bana tozali na misala, mpo na ba oyo badjali kokola (day nursing) mpe esika ya kobokola bana mike mike mpenza (Crèche). ===Ntango na ntango=== Misala mpo na bobateli mpo na ntango na ntango “Drop in the centre” na, ba bisika oyo ba kotekaka biloko, bisika ya kobeta ndjango mpe kolekisa ntango, bisika ya bolakisi, bitano ya ndenge na ndenge lokola MJC to mpe bisika nyonso bipai baboti ba salaka misala wana ezwaka bana uta kobotama(0) kino mbula mitano (5). ===Mobokoli ya mwasi.=== Ba mibokoli ya basi ba batelaka bana na ba ndako ya bango moko. Badjali kopesa mosala ya lolenge loye na mbula mobimba to na mokolo mobimba na moyi to ndambo ya mokolo. ===Bobateli nsima ya kelasi=== Ba misala ya bobateli “ na sima ya Kelasi” midjali na kati ya biyekelo, na bisika bisangisaka bayi-mboka, bitando minene to bisika mosusu. Batalaka bana oy basilisi mokolo na bango ya kelasi kino ngonga ya zomi na moambi (18 heures), mpe ntango ya bopemi ya kelasi. ===Ma ngomba ya Baboti mpe Bana=== Mangomba oyo ebiangami mangomba baboti mpe bana basanganaka ntango na ntango na ba nzinga nzinga na bango. Misala mibongisami mpo na bana mpo na kopesa ntango epai na ba boti ba kutanaka mpe basangisaka ba makanisi na bango. ===Misala ya moto moko mpe oyo ya bai mboka=== Moko moko na misala oyo etangiami na likoloawa epesameli na kompani ya moto ye moko to me oyo ya bai mboka. Mosala “ya kompani ya moko ye moko”etambolisami na moto moko oyo mpe adjali mokolo ya bisika (bisika ya kotika bana adjali na ba ndako ya batu). Ntalo edjali na bokeseni mpe ekoki ko djala ntalo makasi. Mosala “oyo ya bai Mboka” esungami na mbula matali mpe elukaka na yango kosala misolo mpo na yango te; lisanga ya batambwisi oyo esalami na baboti mpe na baoyo bafandi na nzinga nzinga yango nde kotala makambo nyonso. Misala “oyo ya bai mboka” na motuya ya malamu koleka “oyo ya ba kompani to ya mot ye moko” 7015 2005-11-24T11:37:52Z 160.85.2.50 Category [[Image:AF-kindergarten.jpg|thumb|Kotambuisa bana na zaladini ya Afghanistan]] ===Mpo na ntango muke=== Misala oyo etali kobatela “mpo na tango muke” edzali kopesa epai nayo lolenge oyo ebongisami mpo na bana. Ba ntango oyo ya kobatela eumelaka na pembeni nkonga misato na ndambo. Ba ntango yango ya kobatela bana mpo na ntango muke yango oyo: * Kotambuisa bana na zaladini (Jardins d’enfants); * Kelasi ya bana ya mike mike (les maternelles Montesori); Mosala mosusu ya lolenge oyo etalaka banaya mbula mibale kino na mitano. ===Mpo na ntango ebele=== Misala mpo na bobateli mpo na ntango ebele kopesa epa nayo ba bisengeli ya koyamba bana uta nsanza mitano (5) kino mbula mitano (5). Na liboke oyo ya bana tozali na misala, mpo na ba oyo badjali kokola (day nursing) mpe esika ya kobokola bana mike mike mpenza (Crèche). ===Ntango na ntango=== Misala mpo na bobateli mpo na ntango na ntango “Drop in the centre” na, ba bisika oyo ba kotekaka biloko, bisika ya kobeta ndjango mpe kolekisa ntango, bisika ya bolakisi, bitano ya ndenge na ndenge lokola MJC to mpe bisika nyonso bipai baboti ba salaka misala wana ezwaka bana uta kobotama(0) kino mbula mitano (5). ===Mobokoli ya mwasi.=== Ba mibokoli ya basi ba batelaka bana na ba ndako ya bango moko. Badjali kopesa mosala ya lolenge loye na mbula mobimba to na mokolo mobimba na moyi to ndambo ya mokolo. ===Bobateli nsima ya kelasi=== Ba misala ya bobateli “ na sima ya Kelasi” midjali na kati ya biyekelo, na bisika bisangisaka bayi-mboka, bitando minene to bisika mosusu. Batalaka bana oy basilisi mokolo na bango ya kelasi kino ngonga ya zomi na moambi (18 heures), mpe ntango ya bopemi ya kelasi. ===Ma ngomba ya Baboti mpe Bana=== Mangomba oyo ebiangami mangomba baboti mpe bana basanganaka ntango na ntango na ba nzinga nzinga na bango. Misala mibongisami mpo na bana mpo na kopesa ntango epai na ba boti ba kutanaka mpe basangisaka ba makanisi na bango. ===Misala ya moto moko mpe oyo ya bai mboka=== Moko moko na misala oyo etangiami na likoloawa epesameli na kompani ya moto ye moko to me oyo ya bai mboka. Mosala “ya kompani ya moko ye moko”etambolisami na moto moko oyo mpe adjali mokolo ya bisika (bisika ya kotika bana adjali na ba ndako ya batu). Ntalo edjali na bokeseni mpe ekoki ko djala ntalo makasi. Mosala “oyo ya bai Mboka” esungami na mbula matali mpe elukaka na yango kosala misolo mpo na yango te; lisanga ya batambwisi oyo esalami na baboti mpe na baoyo bafandi na nzinga nzinga yango nde kotala makambo nyonso. Misala “oyo ya bai mboka” na motuya ya malamu koleka “oyo ya ba kompani to ya mot ye moko” [[Category:Boteyi]] 7212 2005-12-05T21:45:46Z Moyogo 11 cat:botéyi [[Image:AF-kindergarten.jpg|thumb|Kotambuisa bana na zaladini ya Afghanistan]] ===Mpo na ntango muke=== Misala oyo etali kobatela “mpo na tango muke” edzali kopesa epai nayo lolenge oyo ebongisami mpo na bana. Ba ntango oyo ya kobatela eumelaka na pembeni nkonga misato na ndambo. Ba ntango yango ya kobatela bana mpo na ntango muke yango oyo: * Kotambuisa bana na zaladini (Jardins d’enfants); * Kelasi ya bana ya mike mike (les maternelles Montesori); Mosala mosusu ya lolenge oyo etalaka banaya mbula mibale kino na mitano. ===Mpo na ntango ebele=== Misala mpo na bobateli mpo na ntango ebele kopesa epa nayo ba bisengeli ya koyamba bana uta nsanza mitano (5) kino mbula mitano (5). Na liboke oyo ya bana tozali na misala, mpo na ba oyo badjali kokola (day nursing) mpe esika ya kobokola bana mike mike mpenza (Crèche). ===Ntango na ntango=== Misala mpo na bobateli mpo na ntango na ntango “Drop in the centre” na, ba bisika oyo ba kotekaka biloko, bisika ya kobeta ndjango mpe kolekisa ntango, bisika ya bolakisi, bitano ya ndenge na ndenge lokola MJC to mpe bisika nyonso bipai baboti ba salaka misala wana ezwaka bana uta kobotama(0) kino mbula mitano (5). ===Mobokoli ya mwasi.=== Ba mibokoli ya basi ba batelaka bana na ba ndako ya bango moko. Badjali kopesa mosala ya lolenge loye na mbula mobimba to na mokolo mobimba na moyi to ndambo ya mokolo. ===Bobateli nsima ya kelasi=== Ba misala ya bobateli “ na sima ya Kelasi” midjali na kati ya biyekelo, na bisika bisangisaka bayi-mboka, bitando minene to bisika mosusu. Batalaka bana oy basilisi mokolo na bango ya kelasi kino ngonga ya zomi na moambi (18 heures), mpe ntango ya bopemi ya kelasi. ===Ma ngomba ya Baboti mpe Bana=== Mangomba oyo ebiangami mangomba baboti mpe bana basanganaka ntango na ntango na ba nzinga nzinga na bango. Misala mibongisami mpo na bana mpo na kopesa ntango epai na ba boti ba kutanaka mpe basangisaka ba makanisi na bango. ===Misala ya moto moko mpe oyo ya bai mboka=== Moko moko na misala oyo etangiami na likoloawa epesameli na kompani ya moto ye moko to me oyo ya bai mboka. Mosala “ya kompani ya moko ye moko”etambolisami na moto moko oyo mpe adjali mokolo ya bisika (bisika ya kotika bana adjali na ba ndako ya batu). Ntalo edjali na bokeseni mpe ekoki ko djala ntalo makasi. Mosala “oyo ya bai Mboka” esungami na mbula matali mpe elukaka na yango kosala misolo mpo na yango te; lisanga ya batambwisi oyo esalami na baboti mpe na baoyo bafandi na nzinga nzinga yango nde kotala makambo nyonso. Misala “oyo ya bai mboka” na motuya ya malamu koleka “oyo ya ba kompani to ya mot ye moko” [[Category:Botéyi]] Liboke ya Congo 1873 6507 2005-10-14T11:29:05Z Bombo 12 à traduire / to translate en>ln '''A traduire to translate''' '''Liboke ya Congo''' is a [[Red Hat 9]] based operating system in lingála, installed using "Slinky" from The RULE-Project, and therefore running on even outdated [[esálela|PC]]s with todays speed and the most up to date applications like Abiword 2, OpenOffice 1.1, the latest Acrobat Reader or Webbrowsers like Opera 7.5 and Firefox. "Liboke ya Congo" includes a set of Lingála-localized Applications. Most of the work of translation and research has been done by BnB-staff in [[Kinshasa]]. The "Liboke ya Congo" will help to bring IT-knowledge and better means of communication to many people in [[DRC]] and its neighbour-countries. Also it can be seen as an important step in building up a self-sustainable, localized IT-culture. ==Further informations== Contactperson Kinshasa: Léon BUKASA TSHIBAKA, Tel (+243) 819 84 45 10, Email: libokeyacongo@yahoo.fr Contactperson Vienna: Ingo LANTSCHNER, Tel (+43-1) 595 57 66, Email: ingo@vum.at ==External Link== The RULE-Project, an open source-initiative on functional recycling of PC-hardware; see also http://www.rule-project.org 6508 2005-10-14T11:29:33Z Bombo 12 /* Further informations */ '''A traduire to translate''' '''Liboke ya Congo''' is a [[Red Hat 9]] based operating system in lingála, installed using "Slinky" from The RULE-Project, and therefore running on even outdated [[esálela|PC]]s with todays speed and the most up to date applications like Abiword 2, OpenOffice 1.1, the latest Acrobat Reader or Webbrowsers like Opera 7.5 and Firefox. "Liboke ya Congo" includes a set of Lingála-localized Applications. Most of the work of translation and research has been done by BnB-staff in [[Kinshasa]]. The "Liboke ya Congo" will help to bring IT-knowledge and better means of communication to many people in [[DRC]] and its neighbour-countries. Also it can be seen as an important step in building up a self-sustainable, localized IT-culture. ==Further informations== *Contactperson Kinshasa: Léon BUKASA TSHIBAKA, Tel (+243) 819 84 45 10, Email: libokeyacongo@yahoo.fr *Contactperson Vienna: Ingo LANTSCHNER, Tel (+43-1) 595 57 66, Email: ingo@vum.at ==External Link== The RULE-Project, an open source-initiative on functional recycling of PC-hardware; see also http://www.rule-project.org 6726 2005-11-05T16:50:14Z Moyogo 11 lingála tɛ́ {{lingála tɛ́}} '''A traduire to translate''' '''Liboke ya Congo''' is a [[Red Hat 9]] based operating system in lingála, installed using "Slinky" from The RULE-Project, and therefore running on even outdated [[esálela|PC]]s with todays speed and the most up to date applications like Abiword 2, OpenOffice 1.1, the latest Acrobat Reader or Webbrowsers like Opera 7.5 and Firefox. "Liboke ya Congo" includes a set of Lingála-localized Applications. Most of the work of translation and research has been done by BnB-staff in [[Kinshasa]]. The "Liboke ya Congo" will help to bring IT-knowledge and better means of communication to many people in [[DRC]] and its neighbour-countries. Also it can be seen as an important step in building up a self-sustainable, localized IT-culture. ==Further informations== *Contactperson Kinshasa: Léon BUKASA TSHIBAKA, Tel (+243) 819 84 45 10, Email: libokeyacongo@yahoo.fr *Contactperson Vienna: Ingo LANTSCHNER, Tel (+43-1) 595 57 66, Email: ingo@vum.at ==External Link== The RULE-Project, an open source-initiative on functional recycling of PC-hardware; see also http://www.rule-project.org 7365 2005-12-14T10:17:21Z Bombo 12 cat {{lingála tɛ́}} '''A traduire to translate''' '''Liboke ya Congo''' is a [[Red Hat|Red Hat 9]] based operating system in [[lingála]], installed using "Slinky" from The RULE-Project, and therefore running on even outdated [[esálela|PC]]s with todays speed and the most up to date applications like Abiword 2, [[OpenOffice]] 1.1, the latest Acrobat Reader or Webbrowsers like Opera 7.5 and Firefox. "Liboke ya Congo" includes a set of Lingála-localized Applications. Most of the work of translation and research has been done by BnB-staff in [[Kinshasa]]. The "Liboke ya Congo" will help to bring IT-knowledge and better means of communication to many people in [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|RKD]] and its neighbour-countries. Also it can be seen as an important step in building up a self-sustainable, localized IT-culture. ==Further informations== *Contactperson Kinshasa: Léon BUKASA TSHIBAKA, Tel (+243) 819 84 45 10, Email: libokeyacongo@yahoo.fr *Contactperson Vienna: Ingo LANTSCHNER, Tel (+43-1) 595 57 66, Email: ingo@vum.at ==Nkásá o libándá== The RULE-Project, an open source-initiative on functional recycling of PC-hardware; see also http://www.rule-project.org [[category:esálela]] 7621 2006-01-16T17:30:36Z 160.85.2.50 {{lingála tɛ́}} '''A traduire to translate''' '''Liboke ya Congo''' is a [[Red Hat|Red Hat 9]] based operating system in [[lingála]], installed using "Slinky" from The RULE-Project, and therefore running on even outdated [[esálela|PC]]s with todays speed and the most up to date applications like Abiword 2, [[OpenOffice]] 1.1, the latest Acrobat Reader or Webbrowsers like Opera 7.5 and Firefox. "Liboke ya Congo" includes a set of Lingála-localized Applications. Most of the work of translation and research has been done by BnB-staff in [[Kinshasa]]. The "Liboke ya Congo" will help to bring IT-knowledge and better means of communication to many people in [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|RKD]] and its neighbour-countries. Also it can be seen as an important step in building up a self-sustainable, localized IT-culture. ==Tála mpé== *Contactperson Kinshasa: Léon BUKASA TSHIBAKA, Tel (+243) 819 84 45 10, Email: libokeyacongo@yahoo.fr *Contactperson Vienna: Ingo LANTSCHNER, Tel (+43-1) 595 57 66, Email: ingo@vum.at ==Nkásá o libándá== The RULE-Project, an open source-initiative on functional recycling of PC-hardware; see also http://www.rule-project.org [[category:esálela]] 7682 2006-02-07T13:28:05Z Bombo 12 {{lingála tɛ́}} '''A traduire to translate''' '''Liboke ya Congo''' is a [[Red Hat|Red Hat 9]] based operating system in [[lingála]], installed using "Slinky" from The RULE-Project, and therefore running on even outdated [[esálela|PC]]s with todays speed and the most up to date applications like Abiword 2, [[OpenOffice]] 1.1, the latest Acrobat Reader or Webbrowsers like Opera 7.5 and Firefox. "Liboke ya Congo" includes a set of Lingála-localized Applications. Most of the work of translation and research has been done by BnB-staff in [[Kinshasa]]. The "Liboke ya Congo" will help to bring IT-knowledge and better means of communication to many people in [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|RKD]] and its neighbour-countries. Also it can be seen as an important step in building up a self-sustainable, localized IT-culture. ==Tála mpé== *Contactperson Kinshasa: Léon BUKASA TSHIBAKA, Tel (+243) 819 84 45 10, Email: libokeyacongo@yahoo.fr *Contactperson Vienna: Ingo LANTSCHNER, Tel (+43-1) 595 57 66, Email: ingo@vum.at ==Nkásá o libándá== The RULE-Project, an open source-initiative on functional recycling of PC-hardware; see also http://www.rule-project.org [[category:Bongana masíni]] Esálela 1874 6509 2005-10-14T11:32:11Z Bombo 12 == _== [[emónisi]] [[ebimiselo]] [[paláki]] [[bongó]] [[mángolá]] 6510 2005-10-14T11:36:30Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Macintosh classic.jpg|thumb|*]] == _== [[emónisi]] [[ebimiselo]] [[paláki]] [[bongó]] [[mángolá]] 6512 2005-10-14T11:39:01Z Bombo 12 cat [[Image:Macintosh classic.jpg|thumb|*]] == _== [[emónisi]] [[ebimiselo]] [[paláki]] [[bongó]] [[mángolá]] [[category:Esálela]] 6516 2005-10-14T11:49:06Z Bombo 12 link [[Image:Macintosh classic.jpg|thumb|*]] == _== [[emónisi]] [[ebimiselo]] [[paláki]] [[bongó]] [[mángolá]] [[molembo]] [[mpúku]] [[etángela]] [[diski ebómbelo enéne]] [[diski ebómbelo iké]] [[nsábi]] [[category:Esálela]] 6526 2005-10-14T12:19:03Z Bombo 12 interwiki [[Image:Macintosh classic.jpg|thumb|*]] == _== [[emónisi]] [[ebimiselo]] [[paláki]] [[bongó]] [[mángolá]] [[molembo]] [[mpúku]] [[etángela]] [[diski ebómbelo enéne]] [[diski ebómbelo iké]] [[nsábi]] [[category:Esálela]] [[en:Computer]] [[fr:Ordinateur]] [[de:Computer]] 7680 2006-02-07T13:27:11Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Macintosh classic.jpg|thumb|*]] == _== [[emónisi]] [[ebimiselo]] [[paláki]] [[bongó]] [[mángolá]] [[molembo]] [[mpúku]] [[etángela]] [[diski ebómbelo enéne]] [[diski ebómbelo iké]] [[nsábi]] [[category:Bongana masíni]] [[category:Esálela]] [[en:Computer]] [[fr:Ordinateur]] [[de:Computer]] 8196 2006-05-22T14:33:47Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:Macintosh classic.jpg|thumb|Ndakisa : esálela ya Apple]] '''Esálela''' tǒ '''odinatɛ́lɛ''' (''ordinateur'' na lokóta ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí masíni ma botángi mpé ya kobómba bikomá biyíké. == Biténi ya masíni == [[Image:Personal computer, exploded 5.svg|thumb|300px|left|Biténi ya odinatɛ́lɛ]] # [[emɔ́nisi]] # liyémi # [[bongó]] # [[etando-mokonzi]] # mayémi # boléi ya lotilíki # [[etángela]] (mpɔ́ na [[paláki]]) # [[diski ebómbelo enéne]] # [[mángolá]] # [[mpúku]] tǒ mpóko <div style="clear: all">&nbsp;</div> ==Tála mpé== * [[ebimiselo]] * [[molembo]] * [[diski ebómbelo iké]] * [[nsábi]] [[category:Bongana masíni]] [[category:Esálela]] [[en:Computer]] [[fr:Ordinateur]] [[de:Computer]] 8890 2006-07-13T13:26:48Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:Macintosh classic.jpg|thumb|Ndakisa : esálela ya Apple]] '''Esálela''' tǒ '''odinatɛ́lɛ''' (''ordinateur'' na lokótá ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí masíni ma botángi mpé ya kobómba bikomá biyíké. == Biténi ya masíni == [[Image:Personal computer, exploded 5.svg|thumb|300px|left|Biténi ya odinatɛ́lɛ]] # [[emɔ́nisi]] # liyémi # [[bongó]] # [[etando-mokonzi]] # mayémi # boléi ya lotilíki # [[etángela]] (mpɔ́ na [[paláki]]) # [[diski ebómbelo enéne]] # [[mángolá]] # [[mpúku]] tǒ mpóko <div style="clear: all">&nbsp;</div> ==Tála mpé== * [[ebimiselo]] * [[molembo]] * [[diski ebómbelo iké]] * [[nsábi]] [[category:Bongana masíni]] [[category:Esálela]] [[en:Computer]] [[fr:Ordinateur]] [[de:Computer]] 9094 2006-08-12T12:29:12Z Bombo 12 Dzokanga, A. (1979) [[Image:Macintosh classic.jpg|thumb|Ndakisa : esálela ya Apple]] '''Esálela''' tǒ '''odinatɛ́lɛ''' (''ordinateur'' na lokótá ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí masíni ma botángi mpé ya kobómba bikomá biyíké. Esálela ezalí masíni ya kotánga na mobando mazalín bwaya mingi koleka mpɔ na koyeba makambo ndenge yɔnsɔ. == Biténi ya masíni == [[Image:Personal computer, exploded 5.svg|thumb|300px|left|Biténi ya odinatɛ́lɛ]] # [[emɔ́nisi]] # liyémi # [[bongó]] # [[etando-mokonzi]] # mayémi # boléi ya lotilíki # [[etángela]] (mpɔ́ na [[paláki]]) # [[diski ebómbelo enéne]] # [[mángolá]] # [[mpúku]] tǒ mpóko <div style="clear: all">&nbsp;</div> ==Tála mpé== * [[ebimiselo]] * [[molembo]] * [[diski ebómbelo iké]] * [[nsábi]] [[category:Bongana masíni]] [[category:Esálela]] [[en:Computer]] [[fr:Ordinateur]] [[de:Computer]] Ebimiselo 1875 6511 2005-10-14T11:38:15Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Apple Color LaserWriter 12-600 PS.jpg|thumb|*]] [[category:esálela]] 6718 2005-11-05T16:39:57Z Blockinblox 38 {{ndámbo}} [[Image:Apple Color LaserWriter 12-600 PS.jpg|thumb|*]] {{ndámbo}} [[category:esálela]] 7660 2006-02-07T11:28:57Z Bombo 12 fr: [[Image:Apple Color LaserWriter 12-600 PS.jpg|thumb|*]] {{ndámbo}} [[category:esálela]] [[fr:Imprimante]] 7678 2006-02-07T13:26:15Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Apple Color LaserWriter 12-600 PS.jpg|thumb|*]] {{ndámbo}} [[category:Bongana masíni]] [[fr:Imprimante]] 7866 2006-03-27T03:21:23Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: ar, br, bs, cs, da, de, en, eo, es, et, fa, fi, gl, he, hr, id, it, ja, ko, nl, no, pl, pt, ro, ru, simple, sl, sr, sv, th, uk, zh [[Image:Apple Color LaserWriter 12-600 PS.jpg|thumb|*]] {{ndámbo}} [[category:Bongana masíni]] [[ar:طابعة]] [[br:Moullerez]] [[bs:Printer]] [[cs:Tiskárna (počítačová)]] [[da:Printer]] [[de:Drucker (Peripheriegerät)]] [[en:Computer printer]] [[eo:Printilo]] [[es:Impresora]] [[et:Printer]] [[fa:چاپگر]] [[fi:Tulostin]] [[fr:Imprimante]] [[gl:Impresora]] [[he:מדפסת]] [[hr:Pisač]] [[id:Printer]] [[it:Stampante]] [[ja:プリンター]] [[ko:프린터]] [[nl:Printer]] [[no:Skriver]] [[pl:Drukarka]] [[pt:Impressora]] [[ro:Imprimantă]] [[ru:Принтер]] [[simple:Printer]] [[sl:Tiskalnik]] [[sr:Штампач]] [[sv:Skrivare]] [[th:เครื่องพิมพ์]] [[uk:Принтер]] [[zh:打印机]] 8004 2006-04-15T19:20:47Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: ca, eu [[Image:Apple Color LaserWriter 12-600 PS.jpg|thumb|*]] {{ndámbo}} [[category:Bongana masíni]] [[ar:طابعة]] [[br:Moullerez]] [[bs:Printer]] [[ca:Impressora]] [[cs:Tiskárna (počítačová)]] [[da:Printer]] [[de:Drucker (Peripheriegerät)]] [[en:Computer printer]] [[eo:Printilo]] [[es:Impresora]] [[et:Printer]] [[eu:Inprimagailu]] [[fa:چاپگر]] [[fi:Tulostin]] [[fr:Imprimante]] [[gl:Impresora]] [[he:מדפסת]] [[hr:Pisač]] [[id:Printer]] [[it:Stampante]] [[ja:プリンター]] [[ko:프린터]] [[nl:Printer]] [[no:Skriver]] [[pl:Drukarka]] [[pt:Impressora]] [[ro:Imprimantă]] [[ru:Принтер]] [[simple:Printer]] [[sl:Tiskalnik]] [[sr:Штампач]] [[sv:Skrivare]] [[th:เครื่องพิมพ์]] [[uk:Принтер]] [[zh:打印机]] 9002 2006-08-02T05:33:20Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: af, sk, tr Modifie: simple [[Image:Apple Color LaserWriter 12-600 PS.jpg|thumb|*]] {{ndámbo}} [[category:Bongana masíni]] [[af:Rekenaardrukker]] [[ar:طابعة]] [[br:Moullerez]] [[bs:Printer]] [[ca:Impressora]] [[cs:Tiskárna (počítačová)]] [[da:Printer]] [[de:Drucker (Peripheriegerät)]] [[en:Computer printer]] [[eo:Printilo]] [[es:Impresora]] [[et:Printer]] [[eu:Inprimagailu]] [[fa:چاپگر]] [[fi:Tulostin]] [[fr:Imprimante]] [[gl:Impresora]] [[he:מדפסת]] [[hr:Pisač]] [[id:Printer]] [[it:Stampante]] [[ja:プリンター]] [[ko:프린터]] [[nl:Printer]] [[no:Skriver]] [[pl:Drukarka]] [[pt:Impressora]] [[ro:Imprimantă]] [[ru:Принтер]] [[simple:Computer printer]] [[sk:Tlačiareň (hardvér)]] [[sl:Tiskalnik]] [[sr:Штампач]] [[sv:Skrivare]] [[th:เครื่องพิมพ์]] [[tr:Yazıcı]] [[uk:Принтер]] [[zh:打印机]] 9564 2006-10-22T22:22:29Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: [[el:Εκτυπωτής]] Modifie: [[id:Pencetak]] [[Image:Apple Color LaserWriter 12-600 PS.jpg|thumb|*]] {{ndámbo}} [[category:Bongana masíni]] [[af:Rekenaardrukker]] [[ar:طابعة]] [[br:Moullerez]] [[bs:Printer]] [[ca:Impressora]] [[cs:Tiskárna (počítačová)]] [[da:Printer]] [[de:Drucker (Peripheriegerät)]] [[el:Εκτυπωτής]] [[en:Computer printer]] [[eo:Printilo]] [[es:Impresora]] [[et:Printer]] [[eu:Inprimagailu]] [[fa:چاپگر]] [[fi:Tulostin]] [[fr:Imprimante]] [[gl:Impresora]] [[he:מדפסת]] [[hr:Pisač]] [[id:Pencetak]] [[it:Stampante]] [[ja:プリンター]] [[ko:프린터]] [[nl:Printer]] [[no:Skriver]] [[pl:Drukarka]] [[pt:Impressora]] [[ro:Imprimantă]] [[ru:Принтер]] [[simple:Computer printer]] [[sk:Tlačiareň (hardvér)]] [[sl:Tiskalnik]] [[sr:Штампач]] [[sv:Skrivare]] [[th:เครื่องพิมพ์]] [[tr:Yazıcı]] [[uk:Принтер]] [[zh:打印机]] 10024 2006-12-21T01:38:11Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[wa:Sicrirece]] [[Image:Apple Color LaserWriter 12-600 PS.jpg|thumb|*]] {{ndámbo}} [[category:Bongana masíni]] [[af:Rekenaardrukker]] [[ar:طابعة]] [[br:Moullerez]] [[bs:Printer]] [[ca:Impressora]] [[cs:Tiskárna (počítačová)]] [[da:Printer]] [[de:Drucker (Peripheriegerät)]] [[el:Εκτυπωτής]] [[en:Computer printer]] [[eo:Printilo]] [[es:Impresora]] [[et:Printer]] [[eu:Inprimagailu]] [[fa:چاپگر]] [[fi:Tulostin]] [[fr:Imprimante]] [[gl:Impresora]] [[he:מדפסת]] [[hr:Pisač]] [[id:Pencetak]] [[it:Stampante]] [[ja:プリンター]] [[ko:프린터]] [[nl:Printer]] [[no:Skriver]] [[pl:Drukarka]] [[pt:Impressora]] [[ro:Imprimantă]] [[ru:Принтер]] [[simple:Computer printer]] [[sk:Tlačiareň (hardvér)]] [[sl:Tiskalnik]] [[sr:Штампач]] [[sv:Skrivare]] [[th:เครื่องพิมพ์]] [[tr:Yazıcı]] [[uk:Принтер]] [[wa:Sicrirece]] [[zh:打印机]] Paláki 1876 6513 2005-10-14T11:42:03Z Bombo 12 [[category:esálela]] [[Image:Etiquette cd-rom 01.png|thumb|*]] 6716 2005-11-05T16:30:04Z Blockinblox 38 {{ndámbo}} [[category:esálela]] {{ndámbo}} [[Image:Etiquette cd-rom 01.png|thumb|*]] 7662 2006-02-07T11:40:35Z Bombo 12 interwiki [[category:esálela]] {{ndámbo}} [[Image:Etiquette cd-rom 01.png|thumb|*]] [[de:CD-ROM]] [[en:CD-ROM]] [[es:CD-ROM]] [[fr:Cédérom]] 7686 2006-02-07T13:31:53Z Bombo 12 [[category:Bongana masíni]] {{ndámbo}} [[Image:Etiquette cd-rom 01.png|thumb|*]] [[de:CD-ROM]] [[en:CD-ROM]] [[es:CD-ROM]] [[fr:Cédérom]] 8366 2006-06-10T17:34:49Z 81.227.218.191 png -> svg [[category:Bongana masíni]] {{ndámbo}} [[Image:Etiquette cd-rom 01.svg|thumb|*]] [[de:CD-ROM]] [[en:CD-ROM]] [[es:CD-ROM]] [[fr:Cédérom]] Bongó 1877 6514 2005-10-14T11:44:05Z Bombo 12 [[Image:AMD-AthlonXP-1700.jpg|thumb|*]] [[category:Esálela]] 6713 2005-11-05T16:27:39Z Blockinblox 38 {{ndámbo}} [[Image:AMD-AthlonXP-1700.jpg|thumb|*]] {{ndámbo}} [[category:Esálela]] 7659 2006-02-07T11:26:45Z Bombo 12 fr: [[Image:AMD-AthlonXP-1700.jpg|thumb|*]] {{ndámbo}} [[category:Esálela]] [[fr:Processeur]] 7675 2006-02-07T13:24:46Z Bombo 12 [[Image:AMD-AthlonXP-1700.jpg|thumb|*]] {{ndámbo}} [[category:Bongana masíni]] [[fr:Processeur]] Mángolá 1878 6515 2005-10-14T11:46:42Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Keyboard-gray-old.jpg|thumb|*]] [[category:Esálela]] 6714 2005-11-05T16:29:33Z Blockinblox 38 {{ndámbo}} [[Image:Keyboard-gray-old.jpg|thumb|*]] {{ndámbo}} [[category:Esálela]] 7661 2006-02-07T11:38:56Z Bombo 12 interwiki [[Image:Keyboard-gray-old.jpg|thumb|*]] {{ndámbo}} [[category:Esálela]] [[de:Tastatur]] [[en:Computer keyboard]] [[fr:Clavier informatique]] 7685 2006-02-07T13:29:35Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Keyboard-gray-old.jpg|thumb|*]] {{ndámbo}} [[category:Esálela]] [[category:Bongana masíni]] [[de:Tastatur]] [[en:Computer keyboard]] [[fr:Clavier informatique]] 7947 2006-04-02T20:01:42Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: bg, bs, ca, cs, da, eo, es, et, eu, gl, he, hr, hu, id, it, ja, ko, nds, nl, no, pl, pt, ro, sh, sr, sv, th, uk [[Image:Keyboard-gray-old.jpg|thumb|*]] {{ndámbo}} [[category:Esálela]] [[category:Bongana masíni]] [[bg:Компютърна клавиатура]] [[bs:Tastatura]] [[ca:Teclat]] [[cs:Počítačová klávesnice]] [[da:Tastatur]] [[de:Tastatur]] [[en:Computer keyboard]] [[eo:Klavaro]] [[es:Teclado de ordenador]] [[et:Sõrmistik]] [[eu:Teklatu (ordenagailua)]] [[fr:Clavier informatique]] [[gl:Teclado]] [[he:מקלדת מחשב]] [[hr:Tipkovnica]] [[hu:Billentyűzet]] [[id:Keyboard]] [[it:Tastiera (informatica)]] [[ja:キーボード]] [[ko:컴퓨터 자판]] [[nds:Tastatur]] [[nl:Toetsenbord]] [[no:Tastatur]] [[pl:Klawiatura]] [[pt:Teclado (computador)]] [[ro:Tastatură]] [[sh:Tastatura]] [[sr:Тастатура]] [[sv:Tangentbord]] [[th:คีย์บอร์ด (คอมพิวเตอร์)]] [[uk:Клавіатура]] 8235 2006-05-25T11:06:10Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:Keyboard-gray-old.jpg|thumb|*]] '''Mángolá''', tǒ '''gbagba''' mpé '''ekembé''' ezalí mésa ya [[molembo|milembo]] na [[nkoma]] mpó kobɛ́tɛ mpé kokoma na [[esálela]]. {{ndámbo}} [[category:Esálela]] [[category:Bongana masíni]] [[bg:Компютърна клавиатура]] [[bs:Tastatura]] [[ca:Teclat]] [[cs:Počítačová klávesnice]] [[da:Tastatur]] [[de:Tastatur]] [[en:Computer keyboard]] [[eo:Klavaro]] [[es:Teclado de ordenador]] [[et:Sõrmistik]] [[eu:Teklatu (ordenagailua)]] [[fr:Clavier informatique]] [[gl:Teclado]] [[he:מקלדת מחשב]] [[hr:Tipkovnica]] [[hu:Billentyűzet]] [[id:Keyboard]] [[it:Tastiera (informatica)]] [[ja:キーボード]] [[ko:컴퓨터 자판]] [[nds:Tastatur]] [[nl:Toetsenbord]] [[no:Tastatur]] [[pl:Klawiatura]] [[pt:Teclado (computador)]] [[ro:Tastatură]] [[sh:Tastatura]] [[sr:Тастатура]] [[sv:Tangentbord]] [[th:คีย์บอร์ด (คอมพิวเตอร์)]] [[uk:Клавіатура]] 8238 2006-05-25T11:10:41Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:Keyboard-gray-old.jpg|thumb|*]] '''Mángolá''', tǒ '''gbagba''' mpé '''ekembé''' ezalí mésa ya [[molembo|milembo]] na [[nkomá]] mpó kobɛ́tɛ mpé kokoma na [[esálela]]. {{ndámbo}} [[category:Esálela]] [[category:Bongana masíni]] [[bg:Компютърна клавиатура]] [[bs:Tastatura]] [[ca:Teclat]] [[cs:Počítačová klávesnice]] [[da:Tastatur]] [[de:Tastatur]] [[en:Computer keyboard]] [[eo:Klavaro]] [[es:Teclado de ordenador]] [[et:Sõrmistik]] [[eu:Teklatu (ordenagailua)]] [[fr:Clavier informatique]] [[gl:Teclado]] [[he:מקלדת מחשב]] [[hr:Tipkovnica]] [[hu:Billentyűzet]] [[id:Keyboard]] [[it:Tastiera (informatica)]] [[ja:キーボード]] [[ko:컴퓨터 자판]] [[nds:Tastatur]] [[nl:Toetsenbord]] [[no:Tastatur]] [[pl:Klawiatura]] [[pt:Teclado (computador)]] [[ro:Tastatură]] [[sh:Tastatura]] [[sr:Тастатура]] [[sv:Tangentbord]] [[th:คีย์บอร์ด (คอมพิวเตอร์)]] [[uk:Клавіатура]] Molembo 1879 6517 2005-10-14T11:52:05Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Keyboard Closeup.jpg|thumb|*]] [[category:Esálela]] [[fr:touche]] [[de:Taste]] 6720 2005-11-05T16:43:21Z Blockinblox 38 {{ndámbo}} [[Image:Keyboard Closeup.jpg|thumb|*]] {{ndámbo}} [[category:Esálela]] [[fr:touche]] [[de:Taste]] 7683 2006-02-07T13:28:38Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Keyboard Closeup.jpg|thumb|*]] {{ndámbo}} [[category:Bongana masíni]] [[category:Esálela]] [[fr:touche]] [[de:Taste]] 8239 2006-05-25T11:11:12Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:Keyboard Closeup.jpg|thumb|*]] '''Molembo''' tǒ '''túsi''' (''touche'' na lokotá ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí mbuma ya [[mángolá]], esíká bokoma [[elembo|bilembo]] tǒ [[nkomá]]. {{ndámbo}} [[category:Bongana masíni]] [[category:Esálela]] [[fr:touche]] [[de:Taste]] 8240 2006-05-25T11:11:43Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:Keyboard Closeup.jpg|thumb|Milembo na mángolá]] '''Molembo''' tǒ '''túsi''' (''touche'' na lokotá ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí mbuma ya [[mángolá]], esíká bokoma [[elembo|bilembo]] tǒ [[nkomá]]. {{ndámbo}} [[category:Bongana masíni]] [[category:Esálela]] [[fr:touche]] [[de:Taste]] Mpúku 1880 6518 2005-10-14T11:54:55Z Bombo 12 img; interwiki [[Image:Apple mouse Pro.jpg|thumb|*]] [[category:Esálela]] [[fr:Souris (informatique)]] [[de:Maus (EDV)]] 6721 2005-11-05T16:46:14Z Blockinblox 38 {{ndámbo}} [[Image:Apple mouse Pro.jpg|thumb|*]] {{ndámbo}} [[category:Esálela]] [[fr:Souris (informatique)]] [[de:Maus (EDV)]] 7684 2006-02-07T13:29:08Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Apple mouse Pro.jpg|thumb|*]] {{ndámbo}} [[category:Bongana masíni]] [[category:Esálela]] [[fr:Souris (informatique)]] [[de:Maus (EDV)]] 9056 2006-08-02T06:30:01Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: ar, bg, bs, ca, cs, da, el, en, eo, es, et, eu, fa, fi, gl, he, hu, id, io, it, ja, ko, ms, nds, nl, no, pl, pt, ro, ru, simple, sk, sl, sr, sv, th, tr, uk, zh [[Image:Apple mouse Pro.jpg|thumb|*]] {{ndámbo}} [[category:Bongana masíni]] [[category:Esálela]] [[ar:فأرة]] [[bg:Мишка (хардуер)]] [[bs:Miš (hardver)]] [[ca:Ratolí (ordinador)]] [[cs:Počítačová myš]] [[da:Computermus]] [[de:Maus (EDV)]] [[el:Ποντίκι (συσκευή)]] [[en:Mouse (computing)]] [[eo:Komputila muso]] [[es:Mouse]] [[et:Arvutihiir]] [[eu:Sagu (ordenagailua)]] [[fa:موشی]] [[fi:Hiiri (osoitinlaite)]] [[fr:Souris (informatique)]] [[gl:Rato (informática)]] [[he:עכבר מחשב]] [[hu:Egér (számítástechnika)]] [[id:Tetikus]] [[io:Informatik-apuntilo]] [[it:Mouse]] [[ja:マウス (コンピュータ)]] [[ko:마우스]] [[ms:Tetikus]] [[nds:Muus (Reekner)]] [[nl:Muis (computer)]] [[no:Datamus]] [[pl:Mysz komputerowa]] [[pt:Rato (informática)]] [[ro:Maus]] [[ru:Компьютерная мышь]] [[simple:Computer mouse]] [[sk:Myš (hardvér)]] [[sl:Računalniška miška]] [[sr:Компјутерски миш]] [[sv:Datormus]] [[th:เมาส์]] [[tr:Fare (bilgisayar)]] [[uk:Миша комп'ютерна]] [[zh:鼠标]] 9422 2006-10-06T19:07:51Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Modifie: [[he:עכבר (מחשב)]] [[Image:Apple mouse Pro.jpg|thumb|*]] {{ndámbo}} [[category:Bongana masíni]] [[category:Esálela]] [[ar:فأرة]] [[bg:Мишка (хардуер)]] [[bs:Miš (hardver)]] [[ca:Ratolí (ordinador)]] [[cs:Počítačová myš]] [[da:Computermus]] [[de:Maus (EDV)]] [[el:Ποντίκι (συσκευή)]] [[en:Mouse (computing)]] [[eo:Komputila muso]] [[es:Mouse]] [[et:Arvutihiir]] [[eu:Sagu (ordenagailua)]] [[fa:موشی]] [[fi:Hiiri (osoitinlaite)]] [[fr:Souris (informatique)]] [[gl:Rato (informática)]] [[he:עכבר (מחשב)]] [[hu:Egér (számítástechnika)]] [[id:Tetikus]] [[io:Informatik-apuntilo]] [[it:Mouse]] [[ja:マウス (コンピュータ)]] [[ko:마우스]] [[ms:Tetikus]] [[nds:Muus (Reekner)]] [[nl:Muis (computer)]] [[no:Datamus]] [[pl:Mysz komputerowa]] [[pt:Rato (informática)]] [[ro:Maus]] [[ru:Компьютерная мышь]] [[simple:Computer mouse]] [[sk:Myš (hardvér)]] [[sl:Računalniška miška]] [[sr:Компјутерски миш]] [[sv:Datormus]] [[th:เมาส์]] [[tr:Fare (bilgisayar)]] [[uk:Миша комп'ютерна]] [[zh:鼠标]] 10026 2006-12-21T11:24:07Z 194.158.204.133 + belarusian interwiki [[Image:Apple mouse Pro.jpg|thumb|*]] {{ndámbo}} [[category:Bongana masíni]] [[category:Esálela]] [[ar:فأرة]] [[be:Мыш (маніпулятар)]] [[bg:Мишка (хардуер)]] [[bs:Miš (hardver)]] [[ca:Ratolí (ordinador)]] [[cs:Počítačová myš]] [[da:Computermus]] [[de:Maus (EDV)]] [[el:Ποντίκι (συσκευή)]] [[en:Mouse (computing)]] [[eo:Komputila muso]] [[es:Mouse]] [[et:Arvutihiir]] [[eu:Sagu (ordenagailua)]] [[fa:موشی]] [[fi:Hiiri (osoitinlaite)]] [[fr:Souris (informatique)]] [[gl:Rato (informática)]] [[he:עכבר (מחשב)]] [[hu:Egér (számítástechnika)]] [[id:Tetikus]] [[io:Informatik-apuntilo]] [[it:Mouse]] [[ja:マウス (コンピュータ)]] [[ko:마우스]] [[ms:Tetikus]] [[nds:Muus (Reekner)]] [[nl:Muis (computer)]] [[no:Datamus]] [[pl:Mysz komputerowa]] [[pt:Rato (informática)]] [[ro:Maus]] [[ru:Компьютерная мышь]] [[simple:Computer mouse]] [[sk:Myš (hardvér)]] [[sl:Računalniška miška]] [[sr:Компјутерски миш]] [[sv:Datormus]] [[th:เมาส์]] [[tr:Fare (bilgisayar)]] [[uk:Миша комп'ютерна]] [[zh:鼠标]] Diski ebómbelo enéne 1881 6519 2005-10-14T11:58:39Z Bombo 12 img, interwiki [[Image:Hdd od srodka.jpg|thumb|*]] [[category:esálela]] [[fr:disque dur]] [[de:Festplatte]] [[en:Hard disk]] 6722 2005-11-05T16:47:36Z Blockinblox 38 {{ndámbo}} [[Image:Hdd od srodka.jpg|thumb|*]] {{ndámbo}} [[category:esálela]] [[fr:disque dur]] [[de:Festplatte]] [[en:Hard disk]] 7676 2006-02-07T13:25:19Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Hdd od srodka.jpg|thumb|*]] {{ndámbo}} [[category:Bongana masíni]] [[fr:disque dur]] [[de:Festplatte]] [[en:Hard disk]] 7867 2006-03-27T03:28:15Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: ar, bg, br, bs, ca, cs, da, es, et, fa, fi, fy, gl, he, hr, hu, ia, id, it, ja, ko, lt, lv, ms, nds, nl, nn, no, pl, pt, ro, ru, sh, simple, sk, sl, sr, sv, th, tr, uk, vi, yi, zh [[Image:Hdd od srodka.jpg|thumb|*]] {{ndámbo}} [[category:Bongana masíni]] [[ar:قرص صلب]] [[bg:Твърд диск]] [[br:Disk kaled]] [[bs:Hard disk]] [[ca:Disc dur]] [[cs:Pevný disk]] [[da:Harddisk]] [[de:Festplatte]] [[en:Hard disk]] [[es:Disco duro]] [[et:Kõvaketas]] [[fa:دیسک سخت]] [[fi:Kiintolevy]] [[fr:Disque dur]] [[fy:Fêste skiif]] [[gl:Disco ríxido]] [[he:דיסק קשיח]] [[hr:Tvrdi disk]] [[hu:Merevlemez]] [[ia:Disco duro]] [[id:Hard disk]] [[it:Hard disk]] [[ja:ハードディスクドライブ]] [[ko:하드 디스크]] [[lt:Kietasis diskas]] [[lv:Cietais disks]] [[ms:Cakera keras]] [[nds:Fastplaat]] [[nl:Harde schijf]] [[nn:Platelager]] [[no:Platelager]] [[pl:Twardy dysk]] [[pt:Disco rígido]] [[ro:Hard-disc]] [[ru:Жёсткий диск]] [[sh:Tvrdi disk]] [[simple:Hard disk]] [[sk:Pevný disk]] [[sl:Trdi disk]] [[sr:Тврди диск]] [[sv:Hårddisk]] [[th:ฮาร์ดดิสก์]] [[tr:Sabit disk]] [[uk:Вінчестер (диск)]] [[vi:Ổ cứng]] [[yi:ארטדיסק]] [[zh:硬盘]] 8005 2006-04-15T19:27:38Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: eu [[Image:Hdd od srodka.jpg|thumb|*]] {{ndámbo}} [[category:Bongana masíni]] [[ar:قرص صلب]] [[bg:Твърд диск]] [[br:Disk kaled]] [[bs:Hard disk]] [[ca:Disc dur]] [[cs:Pevný disk]] [[da:Harddisk]] [[de:Festplatte]] [[en:Hard disk]] [[es:Disco duro]] [[et:Kõvaketas]] [[eu:Disko gogor]] [[fa:دیسک سخت]] [[fi:Kiintolevy]] [[fr:Disque dur]] [[fy:Fêste skiif]] [[gl:Disco ríxido]] [[he:דיסק קשיח]] [[hr:Tvrdi disk]] [[hu:Merevlemez]] [[ia:Disco duro]] [[id:Hard disk]] [[it:Hard disk]] [[ja:ハードディスクドライブ]] [[ko:하드 디스크]] [[lt:Kietasis diskas]] [[lv:Cietais disks]] [[ms:Cakera keras]] [[nds:Fastplaat]] [[nl:Harde schijf]] [[nn:Platelager]] [[no:Platelager]] [[pl:Twardy dysk]] [[pt:Disco rígido]] [[ro:Hard-disc]] [[ru:Жёсткий диск]] [[sh:Tvrdi disk]] [[simple:Hard disk]] [[sk:Pevný disk]] [[sl:Trdi disk]] [[sr:Тврди диск]] [[sv:Hårddisk]] [[th:ฮาร์ดดิสก์]] [[tr:Sabit disk]] [[uk:Вінчестер (диск)]] [[vi:Ổ cứng]] [[yi:ארטדיסק]] [[zh:硬盘]] 9004 2006-08-02T05:35:29Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: af, el Modifie: ia, ro [[Image:Hdd od srodka.jpg|thumb|*]] {{ndámbo}} [[category:Bongana masíni]] [[af:Hardeskyf]] [[ar:قرص صلب]] [[bg:Твърд диск]] [[br:Disk kaled]] [[bs:Hard disk]] [[ca:Disc dur]] [[cs:Pevný disk]] [[da:Harddisk]] [[de:Festplatte]] [[el:Σκληρός δίσκος]] [[en:Hard disk]] [[es:Disco duro]] [[et:Kõvaketas]] [[eu:Disko gogor]] [[fa:دیسک سخت]] [[fi:Kiintolevy]] [[fr:Disque dur]] [[fy:Fêste skiif]] [[gl:Disco ríxido]] [[he:דיסק קשיח]] [[hr:Tvrdi disk]] [[hu:Merevlemez]] [[ia:Disco dur]] [[id:Hard disk]] [[it:Hard disk]] [[ja:ハードディスクドライブ]] [[ko:하드 디스크]] [[lt:Kietasis diskas]] [[lv:Cietais disks]] [[ms:Cakera keras]] [[nds:Fastplaat]] [[nl:Harde schijf]] [[nn:Platelager]] [[no:Platelager]] [[pl:Twardy dysk]] [[pt:Disco rígido]] [[ro:Hard disc]] [[ru:Жёсткий диск]] [[sh:Tvrdi disk]] [[simple:Hard disk]] [[sk:Pevný disk]] [[sl:Trdi disk]] [[sr:Тврди диск]] [[sv:Hårddisk]] [[th:ฮาร์ดดิสก์]] [[tr:Sabit disk]] [[uk:Вінчестер (диск)]] [[vi:Ổ cứng]] [[yi:ארטדיסק]] [[zh:硬盘]] Diski ebómbelo iké 1882 6520 2005-10-14T12:01:37Z Bombo 12 img, interwiki [[Image:3,5''-Diskette.jpg]] [[category:esálela]] [[fr:disquette]] [[de:Diskette]] [[en:Floppy disk]] [[es:Disco flexible]] 6521 2005-10-14T12:02:16Z Bombo 12 img, interwiki [[Image:3,5''-Diskette.jpg|thumb|*]] [[category:esálela]] [[fr:disquette]] [[de:Diskette]] [[en:Floppy disk]] [[es:Disco flexible]] 6522 2005-10-14T12:03:11Z Bombo 12 img [[Image:Floppy disk 90mm.JPG|thumb|*]] [[category:esálela]] [[fr:disquette]] [[de:Diskette]] [[en:Floppy disk]] [[es:Disco flexible]] 6725 2005-11-05T16:49:56Z Blockinblox 38 {{ndámbo}} [[Image:Floppy disk 90mm.JPG|thumb|*]] {{ndámbo}} [[category:esálela]] [[fr:disquette]] [[de:Diskette]] [[en:Floppy disk]] [[es:Disco flexible]] 7677 2006-02-07T13:25:45Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Floppy disk 90mm.JPG|thumb|*]] {{ndámbo}} [[category:Bongana masíni]] [[fr:disquette]] [[de:Diskette]] [[en:Floppy disk]] [[es:Disco flexible]] 7865 2006-03-27T03:15:51Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: ar, bs, cs, da, eu, fi, gl, he, hr, id, it, ja, ms, nl, nn, no, pl, pt, ru, simple, sk, sl, sr, sv, th, tr, uk, zh [[Image:Floppy disk 90mm.JPG|thumb|*]] {{ndámbo}} [[category:Bongana masíni]] [[ar:قرص مرن]] [[bs:Flopi disk]] [[cs:Disketa]] [[da:Diskette]] [[de:Diskette]] [[en:Floppy disk]] [[es:Disco flexible]] [[eu:Diskete]] [[fi:Levyke]] [[fr:Disquette]] [[gl:Disquete]] [[he:תקליטון]] [[hr:Disketa]] [[id:Disket]] [[it:Floppy disk]] [[ja:フロッピーディスク]] [[ms:Cakera liut]] [[nl:Diskette]] [[nn:Diskett]] [[no:Diskett]] [[pl:Dyskietka]] [[pt:Disquete]] [[ru:Дискета]] [[simple:Floppy disk]] [[sk:Disketa]] [[sl:Disketa]] [[sr:Дискета]] [[sv:Diskett]] [[th:ฟลอปปีดิสก์]] [[tr:Disket]] [[uk:Дискета]] [[zh:软盘]] 8003 2006-04-15T19:16:47Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: ca [[Image:Floppy disk 90mm.JPG|thumb|*]] {{ndámbo}} [[category:Bongana masíni]] [[ar:قرص مرن]] [[bs:Flopi disk]] [[ca:Disc flexible]] [[cs:Disketa]] [[da:Diskette]] [[de:Diskette]] [[en:Floppy disk]] [[es:Disco flexible]] [[eu:Diskete]] [[fi:Levyke]] [[fr:Disquette]] [[gl:Disquete]] [[he:תקליטון]] [[hr:Disketa]] [[id:Disket]] [[it:Floppy disk]] [[ja:フロッピーディスク]] [[ms:Cakera liut]] [[nl:Diskette]] [[nn:Diskett]] [[no:Diskett]] [[pl:Dyskietka]] [[pt:Disquete]] [[ru:Дискета]] [[simple:Floppy disk]] [[sk:Disketa]] [[sl:Disketa]] [[sr:Дискета]] [[sv:Diskett]] [[th:ฟลอปปีดิสก์]] [[tr:Disket]] [[uk:Дискета]] [[zh:软盘]] 9001 2006-08-02T05:33:01Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: [[fa:فلاپی‌دیسک]], [[hu:FDD]] Modifie: [[es:Disquete]] [[Image:Floppy disk 90mm.JPG|thumb|*]] {{ndámbo}} [[category:Bongana masíni]] [[ar:قرص مرن]] [[bs:Flopi disk]] [[ca:Disc flexible]] [[cs:Disketa]] [[da:Diskette]] [[de:Diskette]] [[en:Floppy disk]] [[es:Disquete]] [[eu:Diskete]] [[fa:فلاپی‌دیسک]] [[fi:Levyke]] [[fr:Disquette]] [[gl:Disquete]] [[he:תקליטון]] [[hr:Disketa]] [[hu:FDD]] [[id:Disket]] [[it:Floppy disk]] [[ja:フロッピーディスク]] [[ms:Cakera liut]] [[nl:Diskette]] [[nn:Diskett]] [[no:Diskett]] [[pl:Dyskietka]] [[pt:Disquete]] [[ru:Дискета]] [[simple:Floppy disk]] [[sk:Disketa]] [[sl:Disketa]] [[sr:Дискета]] [[sv:Diskett]] [[th:ฟลอปปีดิสก์]] [[tr:Disket]] [[uk:Дискета]] [[zh:软盘]] 9361 2006-09-17T07:43:52Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: sm [[Image:Floppy disk 90mm.JPG|thumb|*]] {{ndámbo}} [[category:Bongana masíni]] [[ar:قرص مرن]] [[bs:Flopi disk]] [[ca:Disc flexible]] [[cs:Disketa]] [[da:Diskette]] [[de:Diskette]] [[en:Floppy disk]] [[es:Disquete]] [[eu:Diskete]] [[fa:فلاپی‌دیسک]] [[fi:Levyke]] [[fr:Disquette]] [[gl:Disquete]] [[he:תקליטון]] [[hr:Disketa]] [[hu:FDD]] [[id:Disket]] [[it:Floppy disk]] [[ja:フロッピーディスク]] [[ms:Cakera liut]] [[nl:Diskette]] [[nn:Diskett]] [[no:Diskett]] [[pl:Dyskietka]] [[pt:Disquete]] [[ru:Дискета]] [[simple:Floppy disk]] [[sk:Disketa]] [[sl:Disketa]] [[sm:Levyke]] [[sr:Дискета]] [[sv:Diskett]] [[th:ฟลอปปีดิสก์]] [[tr:Disket]] [[uk:Дискета]] [[zh:软盘]] Nsábi 1883 6523 2005-10-14T12:05:26Z Bombo 12 interwiki [[fr:haut-parleur]] 6711 2005-11-05T16:23:09Z Blockinblox 38 {{ndámbo}} {{ndámbo}} [[fr:haut-parleur]] 7663 2006-02-07T12:09:06Z Bombo 12 interwiki cat {{ndámbo}} [[category:Mizíki]] [[category:Fízíkí]] [[de:Lautsprecherbox]] [[en:Loudspeaker]] [[eo:Laŭtparolilo]] [[es:Altavoz]] [[fr:haut-parleur]] [[id:Speaker]] [[it:Altoparlante]] [[nl:Luidspreker]] [[pt:Altifalante]] 7664 2006-02-07T12:11:17Z Bombo 12 img {{ndámbo}} [[Bild:StudioMonitore_mit_KuH.jpg|framed|Nsábi (v.l.n.r.: Tannoy, Dynaudio, Genelec, K&H)]] [[Bild:Akustischer_Kurzschluss4.png|thumb|150px|Nsábi]] [[category:Mizíki]] [[category:Fízíkí]] [[de:Lautsprecherbox]] [[en:Loudspeaker]] [[eo:Laŭtparolilo]] [[es:Altavoz]] [[fr:haut-parleur]] [[id:Speaker]] [[it:Altoparlante]] [[nl:Luidspreker]] [[pt:Altifalante]] 7665 2006-02-07T12:12:10Z Bombo 12 {{ndámbo}} [[image:Akustischer_Kurzschluss4.png|thumb|150px|Nsábi]] [[category:Mizíki]] [[category:Fízíkí]] [[de:Lautsprecherbox]] [[en:Loudspeaker]] [[eo:Laŭtparolilo]] [[es:Altavoz]] [[fr:haut-parleur]] [[id:Speaker]] [[it:Altoparlante]] [[nl:Luidspreker]] [[pt:Altifalante]] Etángela 1884 6524 2005-10-14T12:12:34Z Bombo 12 img, interwiki [[Image:CD-ROM drive.jpg|thumb|*]] [[Image:Diskettenlaufwerk.jpg|thumb|*]] [[category:esálela]] [[fr:Mémoire informatique]] [[de:Massenspeicher]] [[en:Computer storage]] 6732 2005-11-05T16:59:10Z Blockinblox 38 {{ndámbo}} [[Image:CD-ROM drive.jpg|thumb|*]] [[Image:Diskettenlaufwerk.jpg|thumb|*]] {{ndámbo}} [[category:esálela]] [[fr:Mémoire informatique]] [[de:Massenspeicher]] [[en:Computer storage]] 7681 2006-02-07T13:27:41Z Bombo 12 [[Image:CD-ROM drive.jpg|thumb|*]] [[Image:Diskettenlaufwerk.jpg|thumb|*]] {{ndámbo}} [[category:Bongana masíni]] [[category:esálela]] [[fr:Mémoire informatique]] [[de:Massenspeicher]] [[en:Computer storage]] Emɔ́nisi 1885 6525 2005-10-14T12:17:53Z Bombo 12 img, interwiki [[Image:Apple Multiple Scan 20” Display.jpg|thumb|*]] [[category:Esálela]] [[de:Bildschirm]] [[en:Computer display]] [[fr:Moniteur d'ordinateur]] 6729 2005-11-05T16:56:18Z Blockinblox 38 {{ndámbo}} [[Image:Apple Multiple Scan 20” Display.jpg|thumb|*]] {{ndámbo}} [[category:Esálela]] [[de:Bildschirm]] [[en:Computer display]] [[fr:Moniteur d'ordinateur]] 7679 2006-02-07T13:26:37Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Apple Multiple Scan 20” Display.jpg|thumb|*]] {{ndámbo}} [[category:Bongana masíni]] [[de:Bildschirm]] [[en:Computer display]] [[fr:Moniteur d'ordinateur]] 8194 2006-05-22T14:17:31Z Moyogo 11 [[Emónisi]] moved to [[Emɔ́nisi]] [[Image:Apple Multiple Scan 20” Display.jpg|thumb|*]] {{ndámbo}} [[category:Bongana masíni]] [[de:Bildschirm]] [[en:Computer display]] [[fr:Moniteur d'ordinateur]] Category:Esálela 1886 6527 2005-10-14T12:19:41Z Bombo 12 img [[Image:Macintosh classic.jpg|thumb|*]] 7658 2006-02-07T11:25:31Z Bombo 12 fr: [[Image:Macintosh classic.jpg|thumb|*]] [[fr:Catégorie:Matériel_informatique]] 7672 2006-02-07T13:20:56Z Bombo 12 #REDIRECT [[Bongana masíni]] 7674 2006-02-07T13:24:12Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Macintosh classic.jpg|thumb|*]] [[fr:Catégorie:Matériel_informatique]] 7687 2006-02-07T13:32:35Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Macintosh classic.jpg|thumb|*]] [[category:Bongana masíni]] [[fr:Catégorie:Matériel_informatique]] 7689 2006-02-07T13:35:08Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Macintosh classic.jpg|thumb|Esálela ya 1984 (Apple Macintosh)]] [[category:Bongana masíni]] [[fr:Catégorie:Matériel_informatique]] Template:BikoloIngɛlɛ́tɛlɛ 1887 6529 2005-10-18T11:24:15Z Moyogo 11 {| class="toccolours" style="margin: 0 2em 0 2em;" align="center" ! align="center" style="background:#ccccff" width="100%" | <div style="float:left;width:50px;">&nbsp;</div> Bikolo okati ya [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] || [[Image:Uk flag large.png|50px|Drapeau du Royaume-Uni]] |- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:England flag large.png|30px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Ingɛlandi]] [[Ingɛlandi]] | [[Image:Scotland flag 300.png|30px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Ekósi]] [[Ekósi]] | [[Image:Northern ireland flag 300.png|30px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Irlandi ya Nor]] [[Irlandi ya Nor]] | [[Image:Wales flag large.png|30px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Ekolo Wali]] [[Ekolo Wali]] |} 6689 2005-11-05T10:23:47Z Moyogo 11 Bikólo ó kati; Ekólo Wali {| class="toccolours" style="margin: 0 2em 0 2em;" align="center" ! align="center" style="background:#ccccff" width="100%" | <div style="float:left;width:50px;">&nbsp;</div> Bikólo ó kati ya [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] || [[Image:Uk flag large.png|50px|Drapeau du Royaume-Uni]] |- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:England flag large.png|30px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Ingɛlandi]] [[Ingɛlandi]] | [[Image:Scotland flag 300.png|30px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Ekósi]] [[Ekósi]] | [[Image:Northern ireland flag 300.png|30px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Irlandi ya Nor]] [[Irlandi ya Nor]] | [[Image:Wales flag large.png|30px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Ekólo Wali]] [[Ekólo Wali]] |} 7811 2006-03-06T20:58:47Z 130.237.226.234 -> .svg {| class="toccolours" style="margin: 0 2em 0 2em;" align="center" ! align="center" style="background:#ccccff" width="100%" | <div style="float:left;width:50px;">&nbsp;</div> Bikólo ó kati ya [[Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] || [[Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|50px|Drapeau du Royaume-Uni]] |- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:Flag of England.svg|30px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Ingɛlandi]] [[Ingɛlandi]] | [[Image:Flag of Scotland.svg|30px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Ekósi]] [[Ekósi]] | [[Image:Flag of Northern Ireland.svg|30px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Irlandi ya Nor]] [[Irlandi ya Nor]] | [[Image:Flag of Wales 2.svg|30px|Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Ekólo Wali]] [[Ekólo Wali]] |} Ingɛlandi 1888 6531 2005-10-18T11:31:16Z Moyogo 11 {{UK}} 6574 2005-10-27T09:52:27Z Bombo 12 interwiki {{UK}} [[af:Engeland]] [[ang:Englaland]] [[ar:إنجلترا]] [[bg:Англия]] [[ca:Anglaterra]] [[cs:Anglie]] [[cy:Lloegr]] [[da:England]] [[de:England]] [[el:Αγγλία]] [[en:England]] [[eo:Anglio]] [[es:Inglaterra]] [[et:Inglismaa]] [[fi:Englanti]] [[fy:Ingelân]] [[ga:Sasana]] [[gd:Sasainn]] [[gl:Inglaterra - England]] [[he:אנגליה]] [[hu:Anglia]] [[id:Inggris]] [[is:England]] [[it:Inghilterra]] [[ja:イングランド]] [[ka:ინგლისი]] [[ko:잉글랜드]] [[kw:Pow Sows]] [[la:Anglia]] [[li:Ingeland]] [[lt:Anglija]] [[ms:England]] [[nds:England]] [[nl:Engeland]] [[nn:England]] [[no:England]] [[pl:Anglia]] [[pt:Inglaterra]] [[rm:Engalterra]] [[ro:Anglia]] [[ru:Англия]] [[sco:Ingland]] [[simple:England]] [[sk:Anglicko]] [[sl:Anglija]] [[sr:Енглеска]] [[st:Engêlanê]] [[sv:England]] [[th:แคว้นอังกฤษ]] [[uk:Англія]] [[vi:Anh]] [[zh:英格兰]] [[zh-min-nan:England]] 6743 2005-11-05T17:39:10Z Blockinblox 38 {{ndámbo}} {{ndámbo}} {{UK}} [[af:Engeland]] [[ang:Englaland]] [[ar:إنجلترا]] [[bg:Англия]] [[ca:Anglaterra]] [[cs:Anglie]] [[cy:Lloegr]] [[da:England]] [[de:England]] [[el:Αγγλία]] [[en:England]] [[eo:Anglio]] [[es:Inglaterra]] [[et:Inglismaa]] [[fi:Englanti]] [[fy:Ingelân]] [[ga:Sasana]] [[gd:Sasainn]] [[gl:Inglaterra - England]] [[he:אנגליה]] [[hu:Anglia]] [[id:Inggris]] [[is:England]] [[it:Inghilterra]] [[ja:イングランド]] [[ka:ინგლისი]] [[ko:잉글랜드]] [[kw:Pow Sows]] [[la:Anglia]] [[li:Ingeland]] [[lt:Anglija]] [[ms:England]] [[nds:England]] [[nl:Engeland]] [[nn:England]] [[no:England]] [[pl:Anglia]] [[pt:Inglaterra]] [[rm:Engalterra]] [[ro:Anglia]] [[ru:Англия]] [[sco:Ingland]] [[simple:England]] [[sk:Anglicko]] [[sl:Anglija]] [[sr:Енглеска]] [[st:Engêlanê]] [[sv:England]] [[th:แคว้นอังกฤษ]] [[uk:Англія]] [[vi:Anh]] [[zh:英格兰]] [[zh-min-nan:England]] 7814 2006-03-07T11:41:16Z 160.85.2.50 {{ndámbo}} {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó_na_lokóta = England | nkómbó = Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ | image_flag = Flag_of_England.svg|170px| image_coat = England.gif|100px| image_map = Map of England within the United Kingdom.png | mokáno = [[Dieu et mon droit]] (Royal motto)<br>([[Lifalansé]]: Nzámbe ndé likoki na ngáí)''<sup>2</sup></small> | loyémbo = [[God Save the Queen]]<sup>3</sup> | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|None]]; [[Lingɛlɛ́sa]] ''[[de facto]]'' <sup>4</sup> | mbóka-mokonzi = [[Londoni]] | latd=51|latm=30|latNS=N|longd=0|longm=7|longEW=W| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Londoni]] | government_type = [[Constitutional monarchy]] | leader_titles = [[British monarchy|Queen]]<br>[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] | leader_names = [[Elizabeth II ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|Elizabeth II]]<br>[[Tony Blair]] | area_rank = nn | area_magnitude = 1 E11 | area = 130.395 | percent_water = nn | population_estimate_year = nn | population_census = 49.138.831 | population_census_year = 2001 | population_density = 377 | population_density_rank = nn | GDP_PPP_year = 2005 | GDP_PPP = $1,825,837 million | GDP_PPP_rank = UK | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,658 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = UK | sovereignty_type = [[Act of Union 1800|Establishment]] | established_events = nn | established_dates = 1801<sup>5</sup>| mosɔlɔ = [[Pound Sterling|British pound]] (&pound;) | currency_code = GBP | ngonga = [[GMT]] | utc_offset = +0 | ngonga_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | cctld= [[.uk]]<sup>7</sup> | calling_code = 44 | footnotes = <sup>1</sup>In the UK, [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|some other language]]s have been officially recognised as legitimate [[autochthonous language|autochthonous]] [[regional language|(regional) languages]] under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]]. In each of these, the UK's official name is as follows: *<small>[[Cornish language|Cornish]]: ''An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh'' <small><sup>3</sup> Unofficial.<br><sup>4</sup> Officially recognised regional languages: <br><sup>6</sup> Official estimate provided by the UK [[Office for National Statistics]]. As of April 2005, the July 2004 estimates were not yet available.<br><sup>7</sup> [[ISO 3166-1]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is unused}} == Historia == == Politiki == == Subdivisions == == Jyografi == == Économie == == Démographie == == Culture == == Tála mpé == == Nkásá o libándá == {{UK}} [[af:Engeland]] [[ang:Englaland]] [[ar:إنجلترا]] [[bg:Англия]] [[ca:Anglaterra]] [[cs:Anglie]] [[cy:Lloegr]] [[da:England]] [[de:England]] [[el:Αγγλία]] [[en:England]] [[eo:Anglio]] [[es:Inglaterra]] [[et:Inglismaa]] [[fi:Englanti]] [[fy:Ingelân]] [[ga:Sasana]] [[gd:Sasainn]] [[gl:Inglaterra - England]] [[he:אנגליה]] [[hu:Anglia]] [[id:Inggris]] [[is:England]] [[it:Inghilterra]] [[ja:イングランド]] [[ka:ინგლისი]] [[ko:잉글랜드]] [[kw:Pow Sows]] [[la:Anglia]] [[li:Ingeland]] [[lt:Anglija]] [[ms:England]] [[nds:England]] [[nl:Engeland]] [[nn:England]] [[no:England]] [[pl:Anglia]] [[pt:Inglaterra]] [[rm:Engalterra]] [[ro:Anglia]] [[ru:Англия]] [[sco:Ingland]] [[simple:England]] [[sk:Anglicko]] [[sl:Anglija]] [[sr:Енглеска]] [[st:Engêlanê]] [[sv:England]] [[th:แคว้นอังกฤษ]] [[uk:Англія]] [[vi:Anh]] [[zh:英格兰]] [[zh-min-nan:England]] 8075 2006-04-26T11:52:25Z Bombo 12 Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ>Ingɛlandi {{ndámbo}} {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó_na_lokóta = England | nkómbó = Ingɛlandi | image_flag = Flag_of_England.svg|170px| image_coat = England.gif|100px| image_map = Map of England within the United Kingdom.png | mokáno = [[Dieu et mon droit]] (Royal motto)<br>([[Lifalansé]]: Nzámbe ndé likoki na ngáí)''<sup>2</sup></small> | loyémbo = [[God Save the Queen]]<sup>3</sup> | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|None]]; [[Lingɛlɛ́sa]] ''[[de facto]]'' <sup>4</sup> | mbóka-mokonzi = [[Londoni]] | latd=51|latm=30|latNS=N|longd=0|longm=7|longEW=W| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Londoni]] | government_type = [[Constitutional monarchy]] | leader_titles = [[British monarchy|Queen]]<br>[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] | leader_names = [[Elizabeth II ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|Elizabeth II]]<br>[[Tony Blair]] | area_rank = nn | area_magnitude = 1 E11 | area = 130.395 | percent_water = nn | population_estimate_year = nn | population_census = 49.138.831 | population_census_year = 2001 | population_density = 377 | population_density_rank = nn | GDP_PPP_year = 2005 | GDP_PPP = $1,825,837 million | GDP_PPP_rank = UK | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,658 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = UK | sovereignty_type = [[Act of Union 1800|Establishment]] | established_events = nn | established_dates = 1801<sup>5</sup>| mosɔlɔ = [[Pound Sterling|British pound]] (&pound;) | currency_code = GBP | ngonga = [[GMT]] | utc_offset = +0 | ngonga_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | cctld= [[.uk]]<sup>7</sup> | calling_code = 44 | footnotes = <sup>1</sup>In the UK, [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|some other language]]s have been officially recognised as legitimate [[autochthonous language|autochthonous]] [[regional language|(regional) languages]] under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]]. In each of these, the UK's official name is as follows: *<small>[[Cornish language|Cornish]]: ''An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh'' <small><sup>3</sup> Unofficial.<br><sup>4</sup> Officially recognised regional languages: <br><sup>6</sup> Official estimate provided by the UK [[Office for National Statistics]]. As of April 2005, the July 2004 estimates were not yet available.<br><sup>7</sup> [[ISO 3166-1]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is unused}} == Historia == == Politiki == == Subdivisions == == Jyografi == == Économie == == Démographie == == Culture == == Tála mpé == == Nkásá o libándá == {{UK}} [[af:Engeland]] [[ang:Englaland]] [[ar:إنجلترا]] [[bg:Англия]] [[ca:Anglaterra]] [[cs:Anglie]] [[cy:Lloegr]] [[da:England]] [[de:England]] [[el:Αγγλία]] [[en:England]] [[eo:Anglio]] [[es:Inglaterra]] [[et:Inglismaa]] [[fi:Englanti]] [[fy:Ingelân]] [[ga:Sasana]] [[gd:Sasainn]] [[gl:Inglaterra - England]] [[he:אנגליה]] [[hu:Anglia]] [[id:Inggris]] [[is:England]] [[it:Inghilterra]] [[ja:イングランド]] [[ka:ინგლისი]] [[ko:잉글랜드]] [[kw:Pow Sows]] [[la:Anglia]] [[li:Ingeland]] [[lt:Anglija]] [[ms:England]] [[nds:England]] [[nl:Engeland]] [[nn:England]] [[no:England]] [[pl:Anglia]] [[pt:Inglaterra]] [[rm:Engalterra]] [[ro:Anglia]] [[ru:Англия]] [[sco:Ingland]] [[simple:England]] [[sk:Anglicko]] [[sl:Anglija]] [[sr:Енглеска]] [[st:Engêlanê]] [[sv:England]] [[th:แคว้นอังกฤษ]] [[uk:Англія]] [[vi:Anh]] [[zh:英格兰]] [[zh-min-nan:England]] 8076 2006-04-26T12:11:28Z Bombo 12 img (les Légendes marquées d'un * sont à revoir [anglais/lingála]) {{ndámbo}} {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó_na_lokóta = England | nkómbó = Ingɛlandi | image_flag = Flag_of_England.svg|170px| image_coat = England.gif|100px| image_map = Map of England within the United Kingdom.png | mokáno = [[Dieu et mon droit]] (Royal motto)<br>([[Lifalansé]]: Nzámbe ndé likoki na ngáí)''<sup>2</sup></small> | loyémbo = [[God Save the Queen]]<sup>3</sup> | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|None]]; [[Lingɛlɛ́sa]] ''[[de facto]]'' <sup>4</sup> | mbóka-mokonzi = [[Londoni]] | latd=51|latm=30|latNS=N|longd=0|longm=7|longEW=W| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Londoni]] | government_type = [[Constitutional monarchy]] | leader_titles = [[British monarchy|Queen]]<br>[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] | leader_names = [[Elizabeth II ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|Elizabeth II]]<br>[[Tony Blair]] | area_rank = nn | area_magnitude = 1 E11 | area = 130.395 | percent_water = nn | population_estimate_year = nn | population_census = 49.138.831 | population_census_year = 2001 | population_density = 377 | population_density_rank = nn | GDP_PPP_year = 2005 | GDP_PPP = $1,825,837 million | GDP_PPP_rank = UK | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,658 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = UK | sovereignty_type = [[Act of Union 1800|Establishment]] | established_events = nn | established_dates = 1801<sup>5</sup>| mosɔlɔ = [[Pound Sterling|British pound]] (&pound;) | currency_code = GBP | ngonga = [[GMT]] | utc_offset = +0 | ngonga_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | cctld= [[.uk]]<sup>7</sup> | calling_code = 44 | footnotes = <sup>1</sup>In the UK, [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|some other language]]s have been officially recognised as legitimate [[autochthonous language|autochthonous]] [[regional language|(regional) languages]] under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]]. In each of these, the UK's official name is as follows: *<small>[[Cornish language|Cornish]]: ''An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh'' <small><sup>3</sup> Unofficial.<br><sup>4</sup> Officially recognised regional languages: <br><sup>6</sup> Official estimate provided by the UK [[Office for National Statistics]]. As of April 2005, the July 2004 estimates were not yet available.<br><sup>7</sup> [[ISO 3166-1]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is unused}} == Historia == [[Image:Bayeuxtap1.jpg|thumb|200px|right|*Norman conquest of Ingɛlandi as depicted in the [[Bayeux Tapestry]]]] [[Image:Elizabeth I (Ermine Portrait).jpg|thumb|175px|right|[[Elizabeth I ya Ingɛlandi|Mani Elizabeth I]]]] == Politiki == == Subdivisions == {| border=0 cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |-------- |valign=top | {| cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 |valign=top align=left| <small> <ol> <li>[[Northumberland]] <li>[[Tyne and Wear]] <li>[[County Durham|Durham]] <li>[[Cumbria]] <li>[[Lancashire]] <li>[[North Yorkshire]] <li>[[East Riding of Yorkshire]] <li>[[South Yorkshire]] <li>[[West Yorkshire]] <li>[[Greater Manchester]] <li>[[Merseyside]] <li>[[Cheshire]] <li>[[Derbyshire]] <li>[[Nottinghamshire]] <li>[[Lincolnshire]] <li>[[Rutland]] <li>[[Leicestershire]] <li>[[Staffordshire]] <li>[[Shropshire]] <li>[[Herefordshire]] <li>[[Worcestershire]] <li>[[West Midlands (county)|West Midlands]] <li>[[Warwickshire]] </ol> </small> |valign=top|<small> <ol start=24> <li>[[Northamptonshire]] <li>[[Cambridgeshire]] <li>[[Norfolk]] <li>[[Suffolk]] <li>[[Essex, England|Essex]] <li>[[Hertfordshire]] <li>[[Bedfordshire]] <li>[[Buckinghamshire]] <li>[[Oxfordshire]] <li>[[Gloucestershire]] <li>[[Bristol]] <li>[[Somerset]] <li>[[Wiltshire]] <li>[[Berkshire]] <li>[[Greater London]] <li>[[Kent]] <li>[[East Sussex]] <li>[[West Sussex]] <li>[[Surrey]] <li>[[Hampshire]] <li>[[Isle of Wight]] <li>[[Dorset]] <li>[[Devon]] <li>[[Cornwall]] </ol></small> |[[Image:EnglandCountiesCere.png]] |- |colspan=3|<small>''*Not shown'': [[City of London]] |} |} == Jyografi == [[Image:United Kingdom Satellite Image.JPG|thumb|right|*A satellite view ya Ingɛlandi mpé [[Ekólo Wali]].]] == Économie == == Démographie == == Culture == [[Image:Shakespeare.jpg|thumb|right|[[William Shakespeare]].]] ==Lokótá== [[Image:Beowulf.firstpage.jpeg|thumb|right|*[[Beowulf]] is one of the oldest surviving epic poems in what is identifiable as a form [[lingɛlɛ́sa]].]] [[Lingɛlɛ́sa]] ezalí [[lokótá]] ba Ingɛlandi . == Tála mpé == == Nkásá o libándá == {{UK}} [[af:Engeland]] [[ang:Englaland]] [[ar:إنجلترا]] [[bg:Англия]] [[ca:Anglaterra]] [[cs:Anglie]] [[cy:Lloegr]] [[da:England]] [[de:England]] [[el:Αγγλία]] [[en:England]] [[eo:Anglio]] [[es:Inglaterra]] [[et:Inglismaa]] [[fi:Englanti]] [[fy:Ingelân]] [[ga:Sasana]] [[gd:Sasainn]] [[gl:Inglaterra - England]] [[he:אנגליה]] [[hu:Anglia]] [[id:Inggris]] [[is:England]] [[it:Inghilterra]] [[ja:イングランド]] [[ka:ინგლისი]] [[ko:잉글랜드]] [[kw:Pow Sows]] [[la:Anglia]] [[li:Ingeland]] [[lt:Anglija]] [[ms:England]] [[nds:England]] [[nl:Engeland]] [[nn:England]] [[no:England]] [[pl:Anglia]] [[pt:Inglaterra]] [[rm:Engalterra]] [[ro:Anglia]] [[ru:Англия]] [[sco:Ingland]] [[simple:England]] [[sk:Anglicko]] [[sl:Anglija]] [[sr:Енглеска]] [[st:Engêlanê]] [[sv:England]] [[th:แคว้นอังกฤษ]] [[uk:Англія]] [[vi:Anh]] [[zh:英格兰]] [[zh-min-nan:England]] 8293 2006-05-29T10:54:08Z Moyogo 11 {{ndámbo}} {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó_na_lokóta = England | nkómbó = Ingɛlandi | image_flag = Flag_of_England.svg|170px| image_coat = England.gif|100px| image_map = Map of England within the United Kingdom.png | mokáno = [[Dieu et mon droit]] (Royal motto)<br>([[Lifalansé]]: Nzámbe ndé likoki na ngáí)''<sup>2</sup></small> | loyémbo = [[God Save the Queen]]<sup>3</sup> | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|None]]; [[Lingɛlɛ́sa]] ''[[de facto]]'' <sup>4</sup> | mbóka-mokonzi = [[Londoni]] | latd=51|latm=30|latNS=N|longd=0|longm=7|longEW=W| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Londoni]] | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Constitutional monarchy]] | babengí_mokambi = [[British monarchy|Queen]]<br>[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] | nkómbó_mokambi = [[Elizabeth II ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|Elizabeth II]]<br>[[Tony Blair]] | etando_koleka = nn | etando_bonɛ́nɛ = 1 E11 | etando = 130.395 | ndámbo_mái = nn | population_estimate_year = nn | population_census = 49.138.831 | population_census_year = 2001 | population_density = 377 | population_density_rank = nn | GDP_PPP_year = 2005 | GDP_PPP = $1,825,837 million | GDP_PPP_rank = UK | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,658 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = UK | sovereignty_type = [[Act of Union 1800|Establishment]] | established_events = nn | established_dates = 1801<sup>5</sup>| mosɔlɔ = [[Pound Sterling|British pound]] (&pound;) | currency_code = GBP | ngonga = [[GMT]] | utc_offset = +0 | ngonga_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | cctld= [[.uk]]<sup>7</sup> | calling_code = 44 | footnotes = <sup>1</sup>In the UK, [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|some other language]]s have been officially recognised as legitimate [[autochthonous language|autochthonous]] [[regional language|(regional) languages]] under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]]. In each of these, the UK's official name is as follows: *<small>[[Cornish language|Cornish]]: ''An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh'' <small><sup>3</sup> Unofficial.<br><sup>4</sup> Officially recognised regional languages: <br><sup>6</sup> Official estimate provided by the UK [[Office for National Statistics]]. As of April 2005, the July 2004 estimates were not yet available.<br><sup>7</sup> [[ISO 3166-1]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is unused}} == Historia == [[Image:Bayeuxtap1.jpg|thumb|200px|right|*Norman conquest of Ingɛlandi as depicted in the [[Bayeux Tapestry]]]] [[Image:Elizabeth I (Ermine Portrait).jpg|thumb|175px|right|[[Elizabeth I ya Ingɛlandi|Mani Elizabeth I]]]] == Politiki == == Subdivisions == {| border=0 cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |-------- |valign=top | {| cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 |valign=top align=left| <small> <ol> <li>[[Northumberland]] <li>[[Tyne and Wear]] <li>[[County Durham|Durham]] <li>[[Cumbria]] <li>[[Lancashire]] <li>[[North Yorkshire]] <li>[[East Riding of Yorkshire]] <li>[[South Yorkshire]] <li>[[West Yorkshire]] <li>[[Greater Manchester]] <li>[[Merseyside]] <li>[[Cheshire]] <li>[[Derbyshire]] <li>[[Nottinghamshire]] <li>[[Lincolnshire]] <li>[[Rutland]] <li>[[Leicestershire]] <li>[[Staffordshire]] <li>[[Shropshire]] <li>[[Herefordshire]] <li>[[Worcestershire]] <li>[[West Midlands (county)|West Midlands]] <li>[[Warwickshire]] </ol> </small> |valign=top|<small> <ol start=24> <li>[[Northamptonshire]] <li>[[Cambridgeshire]] <li>[[Norfolk]] <li>[[Suffolk]] <li>[[Essex, England|Essex]] <li>[[Hertfordshire]] <li>[[Bedfordshire]] <li>[[Buckinghamshire]] <li>[[Oxfordshire]] <li>[[Gloucestershire]] <li>[[Bristol]] <li>[[Somerset]] <li>[[Wiltshire]] <li>[[Berkshire]] <li>[[Greater London]] <li>[[Kent]] <li>[[East Sussex]] <li>[[West Sussex]] <li>[[Surrey]] <li>[[Hampshire]] <li>[[Isle of Wight]] <li>[[Dorset]] <li>[[Devon]] <li>[[Cornwall]] </ol></small> |[[Image:EnglandCountiesCere.png]] |- |colspan=3|<small>''*Not shown'': [[City of London]] |} |} == Jyografi == [[Image:United Kingdom Satellite Image.JPG|thumb|right|*A satellite view ya Ingɛlandi mpé [[Ekólo Wali]].]] == Économie == == Démographie == == Culture == [[Image:Shakespeare.jpg|thumb|right|[[William Shakespeare]].]] ==Lokótá== [[Image:Beowulf.firstpage.jpeg|thumb|right|*[[Beowulf]] is one of the oldest surviving epic poems in what is identifiable as a form [[lingɛlɛ́sa]].]] [[Lingɛlɛ́sa]] ezalí [[lokótá]] ba Ingɛlandi . == Tála mpé == == Nkásá o libándá == {{UK}} [[af:Engeland]] [[ang:Englaland]] [[ar:إنجلترا]] [[bg:Англия]] [[ca:Anglaterra]] [[cs:Anglie]] [[cy:Lloegr]] [[da:England]] [[de:England]] [[el:Αγγλία]] [[en:England]] [[eo:Anglio]] [[es:Inglaterra]] [[et:Inglismaa]] [[fi:Englanti]] [[fy:Ingelân]] [[ga:Sasana]] [[gd:Sasainn]] [[gl:Inglaterra - England]] [[he:אנגליה]] [[hu:Anglia]] [[id:Inggris]] [[is:England]] [[it:Inghilterra]] [[ja:イングランド]] [[ka:ინგლისი]] [[ko:잉글랜드]] [[kw:Pow Sows]] [[la:Anglia]] [[li:Ingeland]] [[lt:Anglija]] [[ms:England]] [[nds:England]] [[nl:Engeland]] [[nn:England]] [[no:England]] [[pl:Anglia]] [[pt:Inglaterra]] [[rm:Engalterra]] [[ro:Anglia]] [[ru:Англия]] [[sco:Ingland]] [[simple:England]] [[sk:Anglicko]] [[sl:Anglija]] [[sr:Енглеска]] [[st:Engêlanê]] [[sv:England]] [[th:แคว้นอังกฤษ]] [[uk:Англія]] [[vi:Anh]] [[zh:英格兰]] [[zh-min-nan:England]] 8323 2006-05-30T08:08:06Z Moyogo 11 {{ndámbo}} {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó_na_lokóta = England | nkómbó = Ingɛlandi | image_flag = Flag_of_England.svg|170px| image_coat = England.gif|100px| image_map = Map of England within the United Kingdom.png | mokáno = [[Dieu et mon droit]] (Royal motto)<br>([[Lifalansé]]: Nzámbe ndé likoki na ngáí)''<sup>2</sup></small> | loyémbo = [[God Save the Queen]]<sup>3</sup> | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|None]]; [[Lingɛlɛ́sa]] ''[[de facto]]'' <sup>4</sup> | mbóka-mokonzi = [[Londoni]] | latd=51|latm=30|latNS=N|longd=0|longm=7|longEW=W| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Londoni]] | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Constitutional monarchy]] | babengí_mokambi = [[British monarchy|Queen]]<br>[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] | nkómbó_mokambi = [[Elizabeth II ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|Elizabeth II]]<br>[[Tony Blair]] | etando_koleka = nn | etando_bonɛ́nɛ = 1 E11 | etando = 130.395 | ndámbo_mái = nn | bato_ndakisa-mitúya = ?| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=?| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=- | bato_na_etando = 377| bato_na_etando_limati=-| bato_botángi = 49 138 831| bato_botángi_mbúla= -| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = $1,825,837 million| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2005 | BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati= - | BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = $30,658 | BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati= - | sovereignty_type = [[Act of Union 1800|Establishment]] | established_events = nn | established_dates = 1801<sup>5</sup>| mosɔlɔ = [[Pound Sterling|British pound]] (&pound;) | currency_code = GBP | ngonga = [[GMT]] | utc_offset = +0 | ngonga_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | cctld= [[.uk]]<sup>7</sup> | calling_code = 44 | footnotes = <sup>1</sup>In the UK, [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|some other language]]s have been officially recognised as legitimate [[autochthonous language|autochthonous]] [[regional language|(regional) languages]] under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]]. In each of these, the UK's official name is as follows: *<small>[[Cornish language|Cornish]]: ''An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh'' <small><sup>3</sup> Unofficial.<br><sup>4</sup> Officially recognised regional languages: <br><sup>6</sup> Official estimate provided by the UK [[Office for National Statistics]]. As of April 2005, the July 2004 estimates were not yet available.<br><sup>7</sup> [[ISO 3166-1]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is unused}} == Historia == [[Image:Bayeuxtap1.jpg|thumb|200px|right|*Norman conquest of Ingɛlandi as depicted in the [[Bayeux Tapestry]]]] [[Image:Elizabeth I (Ermine Portrait).jpg|thumb|175px|right|[[Elizabeth I ya Ingɛlandi|Mani Elizabeth I]]]] == Politiki == == Subdivisions == {| border=0 cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |-------- |valign=top | {| cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 |valign=top align=left| <small> <ol> <li>[[Northumberland]] <li>[[Tyne and Wear]] <li>[[County Durham|Durham]] <li>[[Cumbria]] <li>[[Lancashire]] <li>[[North Yorkshire]] <li>[[East Riding of Yorkshire]] <li>[[South Yorkshire]] <li>[[West Yorkshire]] <li>[[Greater Manchester]] <li>[[Merseyside]] <li>[[Cheshire]] <li>[[Derbyshire]] <li>[[Nottinghamshire]] <li>[[Lincolnshire]] <li>[[Rutland]] <li>[[Leicestershire]] <li>[[Staffordshire]] <li>[[Shropshire]] <li>[[Herefordshire]] <li>[[Worcestershire]] <li>[[West Midlands (county)|West Midlands]] <li>[[Warwickshire]] </ol> </small> |valign=top|<small> <ol start=24> <li>[[Northamptonshire]] <li>[[Cambridgeshire]] <li>[[Norfolk]] <li>[[Suffolk]] <li>[[Essex, England|Essex]] <li>[[Hertfordshire]] <li>[[Bedfordshire]] <li>[[Buckinghamshire]] <li>[[Oxfordshire]] <li>[[Gloucestershire]] <li>[[Bristol]] <li>[[Somerset]] <li>[[Wiltshire]] <li>[[Berkshire]] <li>[[Greater London]] <li>[[Kent]] <li>[[East Sussex]] <li>[[West Sussex]] <li>[[Surrey]] <li>[[Hampshire]] <li>[[Isle of Wight]] <li>[[Dorset]] <li>[[Devon]] <li>[[Cornwall]] </ol></small> |[[Image:EnglandCountiesCere.png]] |- |colspan=3|<small>''*Not shown'': [[City of London]] |} |} == Jyografi == [[Image:United Kingdom Satellite Image.JPG|thumb|right|*A satellite view ya Ingɛlandi mpé [[Ekólo Wali]].]] == Économie == == Démographie == == Culture == [[Image:Shakespeare.jpg|thumb|right|[[William Shakespeare]].]] ==Lokótá== [[Image:Beowulf.firstpage.jpeg|thumb|right|*[[Beowulf]] is one of the oldest surviving epic poems in what is identifiable as a form [[lingɛlɛ́sa]].]] [[Lingɛlɛ́sa]] ezalí [[lokótá]] ba Ingɛlandi . == Tála mpé == == Nkásá o libándá == {{UK}} [[af:Engeland]] [[ang:Englaland]] [[ar:إنجلترا]] [[bg:Англия]] [[ca:Anglaterra]] [[cs:Anglie]] [[cy:Lloegr]] [[da:England]] [[de:England]] [[el:Αγγλία]] [[en:England]] [[eo:Anglio]] [[es:Inglaterra]] [[et:Inglismaa]] [[fi:Englanti]] [[fy:Ingelân]] [[ga:Sasana]] [[gd:Sasainn]] [[gl:Inglaterra - England]] [[he:אנגליה]] [[hu:Anglia]] [[id:Inggris]] [[is:England]] [[it:Inghilterra]] [[ja:イングランド]] [[ka:ინგლისი]] [[ko:잉글랜드]] [[kw:Pow Sows]] [[la:Anglia]] [[li:Ingeland]] [[lt:Anglija]] [[ms:England]] [[nds:England]] [[nl:Engeland]] [[nn:England]] [[no:England]] [[pl:Anglia]] [[pt:Inglaterra]] [[rm:Engalterra]] [[ro:Anglia]] [[ru:Англия]] [[sco:Ingland]] [[simple:England]] [[sk:Anglicko]] [[sl:Anglija]] [[sr:Енглеска]] [[st:Engêlanê]] [[sv:England]] [[th:แคว้นอังกฤษ]] [[uk:Англія]] [[vi:Anh]] [[zh:英格兰]] [[zh-min-nan:England]] 8896 2006-07-13T13:29:12Z Moyogo 11 {{ndámbo}} {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó_na_lokótá = England | nkómbó = Ingɛlandi | image_flag = Flag_of_England.svg|170px| image_coat = England.gif|100px| image_map = Map of England within the United Kingdom.png | mokáno = [[Dieu et mon droit]] (Royal motto)<br>([[Lifalansé]]: Nzámbe ndé likoki na ngáí)''<sup>2</sup></small> | loyémbo = [[God Save the Queen]]<sup>3</sup> | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|None]]; [[Lingɛlɛ́sa]] ''[[de facto]]'' <sup>4</sup> | mbóka-mokonzi = [[Londoni]] | latd=51|latm=30|latNS=N|longd=0|longm=7|longEW=W| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Londoni]] | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Constitutional monarchy]] | babengí_mokambi = [[British monarchy|Queen]]<br>[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] | nkómbó_mokambi = [[Elizabeth II ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|Elizabeth II]]<br>[[Tony Blair]] | etando_koleka = nn | etando_bonɛ́nɛ = 1 E11 | etando = 130.395 | ndámbo_mái = nn | bato_ndakisa-mitúya = ?| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=?| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=- | bato_na_etando = 377| bato_na_etando_limati=-| bato_botángi = 49 138 831| bato_botángi_mbúla= -| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = $1,825,837 million| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2005 | BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati= - | BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = $30,658 | BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati= - | sovereignty_type = [[Act of Union 1800|Establishment]] | established_events = nn | established_dates = 1801<sup>5</sup>| mosɔlɔ = [[Pound Sterling|British pound]] (&pound;) | currency_code = GBP | ngonga = [[GMT]] | utc_offset = +0 | ngonga_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | cctld= [[.uk]]<sup>7</sup> | calling_code = 44 | footnotes = <sup>1</sup>In the UK, [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|some other language]]s have been officially recognised as legitimate [[autochthonous language|autochthonous]] [[regional language|(regional) languages]] under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]]. In each of these, the UK's official name is as follows: *<small>[[Cornish language|Cornish]]: ''An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh'' <small><sup>3</sup> Unofficial.<br><sup>4</sup> Officially recognised regional languages: <br><sup>6</sup> Official estimate provided by the UK [[Office for National Statistics]]. As of April 2005, the July 2004 estimates were not yet available.<br><sup>7</sup> [[ISO 3166-1]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is unused}} == Historia == [[Image:Bayeuxtap1.jpg|thumb|200px|right|*Norman conquest of Ingɛlandi as depicted in the [[Bayeux Tapestry]]]] [[Image:Elizabeth I (Ermine Portrait).jpg|thumb|175px|right|[[Elizabeth I ya Ingɛlandi|Mani Elizabeth I]]]] == Politiki == == Subdivisions == {| border=0 cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |-------- |valign=top | {| cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 |valign=top align=left| <small> <ol> <li>[[Northumberland]] <li>[[Tyne and Wear]] <li>[[County Durham|Durham]] <li>[[Cumbria]] <li>[[Lancashire]] <li>[[North Yorkshire]] <li>[[East Riding of Yorkshire]] <li>[[South Yorkshire]] <li>[[West Yorkshire]] <li>[[Greater Manchester]] <li>[[Merseyside]] <li>[[Cheshire]] <li>[[Derbyshire]] <li>[[Nottinghamshire]] <li>[[Lincolnshire]] <li>[[Rutland]] <li>[[Leicestershire]] <li>[[Staffordshire]] <li>[[Shropshire]] <li>[[Herefordshire]] <li>[[Worcestershire]] <li>[[West Midlands (county)|West Midlands]] <li>[[Warwickshire]] </ol> </small> |valign=top|<small> <ol start=24> <li>[[Northamptonshire]] <li>[[Cambridgeshire]] <li>[[Norfolk]] <li>[[Suffolk]] <li>[[Essex, England|Essex]] <li>[[Hertfordshire]] <li>[[Bedfordshire]] <li>[[Buckinghamshire]] <li>[[Oxfordshire]] <li>[[Gloucestershire]] <li>[[Bristol]] <li>[[Somerset]] <li>[[Wiltshire]] <li>[[Berkshire]] <li>[[Greater London]] <li>[[Kent]] <li>[[East Sussex]] <li>[[West Sussex]] <li>[[Surrey]] <li>[[Hampshire]] <li>[[Isle of Wight]] <li>[[Dorset]] <li>[[Devon]] <li>[[Cornwall]] </ol></small> |[[Image:EnglandCountiesCere.png]] |- |colspan=3|<small>''*Not shown'': [[City of London]] |} |} == Jyografi == [[Image:United Kingdom Satellite Image.JPG|thumb|right|*A satellite view ya Ingɛlandi mpé [[Ekólo Wali]].]] == Économie == == Démographie == == Culture == [[Image:Shakespeare.jpg|thumb|right|[[William Shakespeare]].]] ==Lokótá== [[Image:Beowulf.firstpage.jpeg|thumb|right|*[[Beowulf]] is one of the oldest surviving epic poems in what is identifiable as a form [[lingɛlɛ́sa]].]] [[Lingɛlɛ́sa]] ezalí [[lokótá]] ba Ingɛlandi . == Tála mpé == == Nkásá o libándá == {{UK}} [[af:Engeland]] [[ang:Englaland]] [[ar:إنجلترا]] [[bg:Англия]] [[ca:Anglaterra]] [[cs:Anglie]] [[cy:Lloegr]] [[da:England]] [[de:England]] [[el:Αγγλία]] [[en:England]] [[eo:Anglio]] [[es:Inglaterra]] [[et:Inglismaa]] [[fi:Englanti]] [[fy:Ingelân]] [[ga:Sasana]] [[gd:Sasainn]] [[gl:Inglaterra - England]] [[he:אנגליה]] [[hu:Anglia]] [[id:Inggris]] [[is:England]] [[it:Inghilterra]] [[ja:イングランド]] [[ka:ინგლისი]] [[ko:잉글랜드]] [[kw:Pow Sows]] [[la:Anglia]] [[li:Ingeland]] [[lt:Anglija]] [[ms:England]] [[nds:England]] [[nl:Engeland]] [[nn:England]] [[no:England]] [[pl:Anglia]] [[pt:Inglaterra]] [[rm:Engalterra]] [[ro:Anglia]] [[ru:Англия]] [[sco:Ingland]] [[simple:England]] [[sk:Anglicko]] [[sl:Anglija]] [[sr:Енглеска]] [[st:Engêlanê]] [[sv:England]] [[th:แคว้นอังกฤษ]] [[uk:Англія]] [[vi:Anh]] [[zh:英格兰]] [[zh-min-nan:England]] 9043 2006-08-02T06:14:34Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: als, ast, be, bs, eu, fa, fr, gn, hi, ku, lb, nrm, roa-rup, sw Modifie: st, th, zh-min-nan {{ndámbo}} {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó_na_lokótá = England | nkómbó = Ingɛlandi | image_flag = Flag_of_England.svg|170px| image_coat = England.gif|100px| image_map = Map of England within the United Kingdom.png | mokáno = [[Dieu et mon droit]] (Royal motto)<br>([[Lifalansé]]: Nzámbe ndé likoki na ngáí)''<sup>2</sup></small> | loyémbo = [[God Save the Queen]]<sup>3</sup> | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|None]]; [[Lingɛlɛ́sa]] ''[[de facto]]'' <sup>4</sup> | mbóka-mokonzi = [[Londoni]] | latd=51|latm=30|latNS=N|longd=0|longm=7|longEW=W| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Londoni]] | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Constitutional monarchy]] | babengí_mokambi = [[British monarchy|Queen]]<br>[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] | nkómbó_mokambi = [[Elizabeth II ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|Elizabeth II]]<br>[[Tony Blair]] | etando_koleka = nn | etando_bonɛ́nɛ = 1 E11 | etando = 130.395 | ndámbo_mái = nn | bato_ndakisa-mitúya = ?| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=?| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=- | bato_na_etando = 377| bato_na_etando_limati=-| bato_botángi = 49 138 831| bato_botángi_mbúla= -| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = $1,825,837 million| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2005 | BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati= - | BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = $30,658 | BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati= - | sovereignty_type = [[Act of Union 1800|Establishment]] | established_events = nn | established_dates = 1801<sup>5</sup>| mosɔlɔ = [[Pound Sterling|British pound]] (&pound;) | currency_code = GBP | ngonga = [[GMT]] | utc_offset = +0 | ngonga_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | cctld= [[.uk]]<sup>7</sup> | calling_code = 44 | footnotes = <sup>1</sup>In the UK, [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|some other language]]s have been officially recognised as legitimate [[autochthonous language|autochthonous]] [[regional language|(regional) languages]] under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]]. In each of these, the UK's official name is as follows: *<small>[[Cornish language|Cornish]]: ''An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh'' <small><sup>3</sup> Unofficial.<br><sup>4</sup> Officially recognised regional languages: <br><sup>6</sup> Official estimate provided by the UK [[Office for National Statistics]]. As of April 2005, the July 2004 estimates were not yet available.<br><sup>7</sup> [[ISO 3166-1]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is unused}} == Historia == [[Image:Bayeuxtap1.jpg|thumb|200px|right|*Norman conquest of Ingɛlandi as depicted in the [[Bayeux Tapestry]]]] [[Image:Elizabeth I (Ermine Portrait).jpg|thumb|175px|right|[[Elizabeth I ya Ingɛlandi|Mani Elizabeth I]]]] == Politiki == == Subdivisions == {| border=0 cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |-------- |valign=top | {| cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 |valign=top align=left| <small> <ol> <li>[[Northumberland]] <li>[[Tyne and Wear]] <li>[[County Durham|Durham]] <li>[[Cumbria]] <li>[[Lancashire]] <li>[[North Yorkshire]] <li>[[East Riding of Yorkshire]] <li>[[South Yorkshire]] <li>[[West Yorkshire]] <li>[[Greater Manchester]] <li>[[Merseyside]] <li>[[Cheshire]] <li>[[Derbyshire]] <li>[[Nottinghamshire]] <li>[[Lincolnshire]] <li>[[Rutland]] <li>[[Leicestershire]] <li>[[Staffordshire]] <li>[[Shropshire]] <li>[[Herefordshire]] <li>[[Worcestershire]] <li>[[West Midlands (county)|West Midlands]] <li>[[Warwickshire]] </ol> </small> |valign=top|<small> <ol start=24> <li>[[Northamptonshire]] <li>[[Cambridgeshire]] <li>[[Norfolk]] <li>[[Suffolk]] <li>[[Essex, England|Essex]] <li>[[Hertfordshire]] <li>[[Bedfordshire]] <li>[[Buckinghamshire]] <li>[[Oxfordshire]] <li>[[Gloucestershire]] <li>[[Bristol]] <li>[[Somerset]] <li>[[Wiltshire]] <li>[[Berkshire]] <li>[[Greater London]] <li>[[Kent]] <li>[[East Sussex]] <li>[[West Sussex]] <li>[[Surrey]] <li>[[Hampshire]] <li>[[Isle of Wight]] <li>[[Dorset]] <li>[[Devon]] <li>[[Cornwall]] </ol></small> |[[Image:EnglandCountiesCere.png]] |- |colspan=3|<small>''*Not shown'': [[City of London]] |} |} == Jyografi == [[Image:United Kingdom Satellite Image.JPG|thumb|right|*A satellite view ya Ingɛlandi mpé [[Ekólo Wali]].]] == Économie == == Démographie == == Culture == [[Image:Shakespeare.jpg|thumb|right|[[William Shakespeare]].]] ==Lokótá== [[Image:Beowulf.firstpage.jpeg|thumb|right|*[[Beowulf]] is one of the oldest surviving epic poems in what is identifiable as a form [[lingɛlɛ́sa]].]] [[Lingɛlɛ́sa]] ezalí [[lokótá]] ba Ingɛlandi . == Tála mpé == == Nkásá o libándá == {{UK}} [[af:Engeland]] [[als:England]] [[ang:Englaland]] [[ar:إنجلترا]] [[ast:Inglaterra]] [[be:Англія]] [[bg:Англия]] [[bs:Engleska]] [[ca:Anglaterra]] [[cs:Anglie]] [[cy:Lloegr]] [[da:England]] [[de:England]] [[el:Αγγλία]] [[en:England]] [[eo:Anglio]] [[es:Inglaterra]] [[et:Inglismaa]] [[eu:Ingalaterra]] [[fa:انگلستان]] [[fi:Englanti]] [[fr:Angleterre]] [[fy:Ingelân]] [[ga:Sasana]] [[gd:Sasainn]] [[gl:Inglaterra - England]] [[gn:Ingyaterra]] [[he:אנגליה]] [[hi:इंग्लैंड]] [[hu:Anglia]] [[id:Inggris]] [[is:England]] [[it:Inghilterra]] [[ja:イングランド]] [[ka:ინგლისი]] [[ko:잉글랜드]] [[ku:Îngiltere]] [[kw:Pow Sows]] [[la:Anglia]] [[lb:England]] [[li:Ingeland]] [[lt:Anglija]] [[ms:England]] [[nds:England]] [[nl:Engeland]] [[nn:England]] [[no:England]] [[nrm:Angliétèrre]] [[pl:Anglia]] [[pt:Inglaterra]] [[rm:Engalterra]] [[ro:Anglia]] [[roa-rup:Anglii]] [[ru:Англия]] [[sco:Ingland]] [[simple:England]] [[sk:Anglicko]] [[sl:Anglija]] [[sr:Енглеска]] [[st:Engelane]] [[sv:England]] [[sw:Uingereza (nchi)]] [[th:ประเทศอังกฤษ]] [[uk:Англія]] [[vi:Anh]] [[zh:英格兰]] [[zh-min-nan:Eng-tē]] 9087 2006-08-09T07:07:25Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: tpi {{ndámbo}} {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó_na_lokótá = England | nkómbó = Ingɛlandi | image_flag = Flag_of_England.svg|170px| image_coat = England.gif|100px| image_map = Map of England within the United Kingdom.png | mokáno = [[Dieu et mon droit]] (Royal motto)<br>([[Lifalansé]]: Nzámbe ndé likoki na ngáí)''<sup>2</sup></small> | loyémbo = [[God Save the Queen]]<sup>3</sup> | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|None]]; [[Lingɛlɛ́sa]] ''[[de facto]]'' <sup>4</sup> | mbóka-mokonzi = [[Londoni]] | latd=51|latm=30|latNS=N|longd=0|longm=7|longEW=W| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Londoni]] | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Constitutional monarchy]] | babengí_mokambi = [[British monarchy|Queen]]<br>[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] | nkómbó_mokambi = [[Elizabeth II ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|Elizabeth II]]<br>[[Tony Blair]] | etando_koleka = nn | etando_bonɛ́nɛ = 1 E11 | etando = 130.395 | ndámbo_mái = nn | bato_ndakisa-mitúya = ?| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=?| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=- | bato_na_etando = 377| bato_na_etando_limati=-| bato_botángi = 49 138 831| bato_botángi_mbúla= -| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = $1,825,837 million| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2005 | BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati= - | BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = $30,658 | BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati= - | sovereignty_type = [[Act of Union 1800|Establishment]] | established_events = nn | established_dates = 1801<sup>5</sup>| mosɔlɔ = [[Pound Sterling|British pound]] (&pound;) | currency_code = GBP | ngonga = [[GMT]] | utc_offset = +0 | ngonga_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | cctld= [[.uk]]<sup>7</sup> | calling_code = 44 | footnotes = <sup>1</sup>In the UK, [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|some other language]]s have been officially recognised as legitimate [[autochthonous language|autochthonous]] [[regional language|(regional) languages]] under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]]. In each of these, the UK's official name is as follows: *<small>[[Cornish language|Cornish]]: ''An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh'' <small><sup>3</sup> Unofficial.<br><sup>4</sup> Officially recognised regional languages: <br><sup>6</sup> Official estimate provided by the UK [[Office for National Statistics]]. As of April 2005, the July 2004 estimates were not yet available.<br><sup>7</sup> [[ISO 3166-1]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is unused}} == Historia == [[Image:Bayeuxtap1.jpg|thumb|200px|right|*Norman conquest of Ingɛlandi as depicted in the [[Bayeux Tapestry]]]] [[Image:Elizabeth I (Ermine Portrait).jpg|thumb|175px|right|[[Elizabeth I ya Ingɛlandi|Mani Elizabeth I]]]] == Politiki == == Subdivisions == {| border=0 cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |-------- |valign=top | {| cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 |valign=top align=left| <small> <ol> <li>[[Northumberland]] <li>[[Tyne and Wear]] <li>[[County Durham|Durham]] <li>[[Cumbria]] <li>[[Lancashire]] <li>[[North Yorkshire]] <li>[[East Riding of Yorkshire]] <li>[[South Yorkshire]] <li>[[West Yorkshire]] <li>[[Greater Manchester]] <li>[[Merseyside]] <li>[[Cheshire]] <li>[[Derbyshire]] <li>[[Nottinghamshire]] <li>[[Lincolnshire]] <li>[[Rutland]] <li>[[Leicestershire]] <li>[[Staffordshire]] <li>[[Shropshire]] <li>[[Herefordshire]] <li>[[Worcestershire]] <li>[[West Midlands (county)|West Midlands]] <li>[[Warwickshire]] </ol> </small> |valign=top|<small> <ol start=24> <li>[[Northamptonshire]] <li>[[Cambridgeshire]] <li>[[Norfolk]] <li>[[Suffolk]] <li>[[Essex, England|Essex]] <li>[[Hertfordshire]] <li>[[Bedfordshire]] <li>[[Buckinghamshire]] <li>[[Oxfordshire]] <li>[[Gloucestershire]] <li>[[Bristol]] <li>[[Somerset]] <li>[[Wiltshire]] <li>[[Berkshire]] <li>[[Greater London]] <li>[[Kent]] <li>[[East Sussex]] <li>[[West Sussex]] <li>[[Surrey]] <li>[[Hampshire]] <li>[[Isle of Wight]] <li>[[Dorset]] <li>[[Devon]] <li>[[Cornwall]] </ol></small> |[[Image:EnglandCountiesCere.png]] |- |colspan=3|<small>''*Not shown'': [[City of London]] |} |} == Jyografi == [[Image:United Kingdom Satellite Image.JPG|thumb|right|*A satellite view ya Ingɛlandi mpé [[Ekólo Wali]].]] == Économie == == Démographie == == Culture == [[Image:Shakespeare.jpg|thumb|right|[[William Shakespeare]].]] ==Lokótá== [[Image:Beowulf.firstpage.jpeg|thumb|right|*[[Beowulf]] is one of the oldest surviving epic poems in what is identifiable as a form [[lingɛlɛ́sa]].]] [[Lingɛlɛ́sa]] ezalí [[lokótá]] ba Ingɛlandi . == Tála mpé == == Nkásá o libándá == {{UK}} [[af:Engeland]] [[als:England]] [[ang:Englaland]] [[ar:إنجلترا]] [[ast:Inglaterra]] [[be:Англія]] [[bg:Англия]] [[bs:Engleska]] [[ca:Anglaterra]] [[cs:Anglie]] [[cy:Lloegr]] [[da:England]] [[de:England]] [[el:Αγγλία]] [[en:England]] [[eo:Anglio]] [[es:Inglaterra]] [[et:Inglismaa]] [[eu:Ingalaterra]] [[fa:انگلستان]] [[fi:Englanti]] [[fr:Angleterre]] [[fy:Ingelân]] [[ga:Sasana]] [[gd:Sasainn]] [[gl:Inglaterra - England]] [[gn:Ingyaterra]] [[he:אנגליה]] [[hi:इंग्लैंड]] [[hu:Anglia]] [[id:Inggris]] [[is:England]] [[it:Inghilterra]] [[ja:イングランド]] [[ka:ინგლისი]] [[ko:잉글랜드]] [[ku:Îngiltere]] [[kw:Pow Sows]] [[la:Anglia]] [[lb:England]] [[li:Ingeland]] [[lt:Anglija]] [[ms:England]] [[nds:England]] [[nl:Engeland]] [[nn:England]] [[no:England]] [[nrm:Angliétèrre]] [[pl:Anglia]] [[pt:Inglaterra]] [[rm:Engalterra]] [[ro:Anglia]] [[roa-rup:Anglii]] [[ru:Англия]] [[sco:Ingland]] [[simple:England]] [[sk:Anglicko]] [[sl:Anglija]] [[sr:Енглеска]] [[st:Engelane]] [[sv:England]] [[sw:Uingereza (nchi)]] [[th:ประเทศอังกฤษ]] [[tpi:Inglan]] [[uk:Англія]] [[vi:Anh]] [[zh:英格兰]] [[zh-min-nan:Eng-tē]] 9408 2006-10-03T16:37:54Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: az, gv, io, mk, oc, ta, tg, tr, uz Modifie: ku, roa-rup {{ndámbo}} {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó_na_lokótá = England | nkómbó = Ingɛlandi | image_flag = Flag_of_England.svg|170px| image_coat = England.gif|100px| image_map = Map of England within the United Kingdom.png | mokáno = [[Dieu et mon droit]] (Royal motto)<br>([[Lifalansé]]: Nzámbe ndé likoki na ngáí)''<sup>2</sup></small> | loyémbo = [[God Save the Queen]]<sup>3</sup> | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|None]]; [[Lingɛlɛ́sa]] ''[[de facto]]'' <sup>4</sup> | mbóka-mokonzi = [[Londoni]] | latd=51|latm=30|latNS=N|longd=0|longm=7|longEW=W| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Londoni]] | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Constitutional monarchy]] | babengí_mokambi = [[British monarchy|Queen]]<br>[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] | nkómbó_mokambi = [[Elizabeth II ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|Elizabeth II]]<br>[[Tony Blair]] | etando_koleka = nn | etando_bonɛ́nɛ = 1 E11 | etando = 130.395 | ndámbo_mái = nn | bato_ndakisa-mitúya = ?| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=?| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=- | bato_na_etando = 377| bato_na_etando_limati=-| bato_botángi = 49 138 831| bato_botángi_mbúla= -| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = $1,825,837 million| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2005 | BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati= - | BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = $30,658 | BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati= - | sovereignty_type = [[Act of Union 1800|Establishment]] | established_events = nn | established_dates = 1801<sup>5</sup>| mosɔlɔ = [[Pound Sterling|British pound]] (&pound;) | currency_code = GBP | ngonga = [[GMT]] | utc_offset = +0 | ngonga_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | cctld= [[.uk]]<sup>7</sup> | calling_code = 44 | footnotes = <sup>1</sup>In the UK, [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|some other language]]s have been officially recognised as legitimate [[autochthonous language|autochthonous]] [[regional language|(regional) languages]] under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]]. In each of these, the UK's official name is as follows: *<small>[[Cornish language|Cornish]]: ''An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh'' <small><sup>3</sup> Unofficial.<br><sup>4</sup> Officially recognised regional languages: <br><sup>6</sup> Official estimate provided by the UK [[Office for National Statistics]]. As of April 2005, the July 2004 estimates were not yet available.<br><sup>7</sup> [[ISO 3166-1]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is unused}} == Historia == [[Image:Bayeuxtap1.jpg|thumb|200px|right|*Norman conquest of Ingɛlandi as depicted in the [[Bayeux Tapestry]]]] [[Image:Elizabeth I (Ermine Portrait).jpg|thumb|175px|right|[[Elizabeth I ya Ingɛlandi|Mani Elizabeth I]]]] == Politiki == == Subdivisions == {| border=0 cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |-------- |valign=top | {| cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 |valign=top align=left| <small> <ol> <li>[[Northumberland]] <li>[[Tyne and Wear]] <li>[[County Durham|Durham]] <li>[[Cumbria]] <li>[[Lancashire]] <li>[[North Yorkshire]] <li>[[East Riding of Yorkshire]] <li>[[South Yorkshire]] <li>[[West Yorkshire]] <li>[[Greater Manchester]] <li>[[Merseyside]] <li>[[Cheshire]] <li>[[Derbyshire]] <li>[[Nottinghamshire]] <li>[[Lincolnshire]] <li>[[Rutland]] <li>[[Leicestershire]] <li>[[Staffordshire]] <li>[[Shropshire]] <li>[[Herefordshire]] <li>[[Worcestershire]] <li>[[West Midlands (county)|West Midlands]] <li>[[Warwickshire]] </ol> </small> |valign=top|<small> <ol start=24> <li>[[Northamptonshire]] <li>[[Cambridgeshire]] <li>[[Norfolk]] <li>[[Suffolk]] <li>[[Essex, England|Essex]] <li>[[Hertfordshire]] <li>[[Bedfordshire]] <li>[[Buckinghamshire]] <li>[[Oxfordshire]] <li>[[Gloucestershire]] <li>[[Bristol]] <li>[[Somerset]] <li>[[Wiltshire]] <li>[[Berkshire]] <li>[[Greater London]] <li>[[Kent]] <li>[[East Sussex]] <li>[[West Sussex]] <li>[[Surrey]] <li>[[Hampshire]] <li>[[Isle of Wight]] <li>[[Dorset]] <li>[[Devon]] <li>[[Cornwall]] </ol></small> |[[Image:EnglandCountiesCere.png]] |- |colspan=3|<small>''*Not shown'': [[City of London]] |} |} == Jyografi == [[Image:United Kingdom Satellite Image.JPG|thumb|right|*A satellite view ya Ingɛlandi mpé [[Ekólo Wali]].]] == Économie == == Démographie == == Culture == [[Image:Shakespeare.jpg|thumb|right|[[William Shakespeare]].]] ==Lokótá== [[Image:Beowulf.firstpage.jpeg|thumb|right|*[[Beowulf]] is one of the oldest surviving epic poems in what is identifiable as a form [[lingɛlɛ́sa]].]] [[Lingɛlɛ́sa]] ezalí [[lokótá]] ba Ingɛlandi . == Tála mpé == == Nkásá o libándá == {{UK}} [[af:Engeland]] [[als:England]] [[ang:Englaland]] [[ar:إنجلترا]] [[ast:Inglaterra]] [[az:İngiltərə]] [[be:Англія]] [[bg:Англия]] [[bs:Engleska]] [[ca:Anglaterra]] [[cs:Anglie]] [[cy:Lloegr]] [[da:England]] [[de:England]] [[el:Αγγλία]] [[en:England]] [[eo:Anglio]] [[es:Inglaterra]] [[et:Inglismaa]] [[eu:Ingalaterra]] [[fa:انگلستان]] [[fi:Englanti]] [[fr:Angleterre]] [[fy:Ingelân]] [[ga:Sasana]] [[gd:Sasainn]] [[gl:Inglaterra - England]] [[gn:Ingyaterra]] [[gv:Sostyn]] [[he:אנגליה]] [[hi:इंग्लैंड]] [[hu:Anglia]] [[id:Inggris]] [[io:Anglia]] [[is:England]] [[it:Inghilterra]] [[ja:イングランド]] [[ka:ინგლისი]] [[ko:잉글랜드]] [[ku:Ingilîstan]] [[kw:Pow Sows]] [[la:Anglia]] [[lb:England]] [[li:Ingeland]] [[lt:Anglija]] [[mk:Англија]] [[ms:England]] [[nds:England]] [[nl:Engeland]] [[nn:England]] [[no:England]] [[nrm:Angliétèrre]] [[oc:Anglatèrra]] [[pl:Anglia]] [[pt:Inglaterra]] [[rm:Engalterra]] [[ro:Anglia]] [[roa-rup:Anglia]] [[ru:Англия]] [[sco:Ingland]] [[simple:England]] [[sk:Anglicko]] [[sl:Anglija]] [[sr:Енглеска]] [[st:Engelane]] [[sv:England]] [[sw:Uingereza (nchi)]] [[ta:இங்கிலாந்து]] [[tg:Англия]] [[th:ประเทศอังกฤษ]] [[tpi:Inglan]] [[tr:İngiltere]] [[uk:Англія]] [[uz:Angliya]] [[vi:Anh]] [[zh:英格兰]] [[zh-min-nan:Eng-tē]] 9416 2006-10-04T20:44:48Z Robbot 14 robot Ajoute: [[nds-nl:Engelaand (regio)]] {{ndámbo}} {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó_na_lokótá = England | nkómbó = Ingɛlandi | image_flag = Flag_of_England.svg|170px| image_coat = England.gif|100px| image_map = Map of England within the United Kingdom.png | mokáno = [[Dieu et mon droit]] (Royal motto)<br>([[Lifalansé]]: Nzámbe ndé likoki na ngáí)''<sup>2</sup></small> | loyémbo = [[God Save the Queen]]<sup>3</sup> | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|None]]; [[Lingɛlɛ́sa]] ''[[de facto]]'' <sup>4</sup> | mbóka-mokonzi = [[Londoni]] | latd=51|latm=30|latNS=N|longd=0|longm=7|longEW=W| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Londoni]] | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Constitutional monarchy]] | babengí_mokambi = [[British monarchy|Queen]]<br>[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] | nkómbó_mokambi = [[Elizabeth II ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|Elizabeth II]]<br>[[Tony Blair]] | etando_koleka = nn | etando_bonɛ́nɛ = 1 E11 | etando = 130.395 | ndámbo_mái = nn | bato_ndakisa-mitúya = ?| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=?| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=- | bato_na_etando = 377| bato_na_etando_limati=-| bato_botángi = 49 138 831| bato_botángi_mbúla= -| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = $1,825,837 million| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2005 | BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati= - | BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = $30,658 | BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati= - | sovereignty_type = [[Act of Union 1800|Establishment]] | established_events = nn | established_dates = 1801<sup>5</sup>| mosɔlɔ = [[Pound Sterling|British pound]] (&pound;) | currency_code = GBP | ngonga = [[GMT]] | utc_offset = +0 | ngonga_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | cctld= [[.uk]]<sup>7</sup> | calling_code = 44 | footnotes = <sup>1</sup>In the UK, [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|some other language]]s have been officially recognised as legitimate [[autochthonous language|autochthonous]] [[regional language|(regional) languages]] under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]]. In each of these, the UK's official name is as follows: *<small>[[Cornish language|Cornish]]: ''An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh'' <small><sup>3</sup> Unofficial.<br><sup>4</sup> Officially recognised regional languages: <br><sup>6</sup> Official estimate provided by the UK [[Office for National Statistics]]. As of April 2005, the July 2004 estimates were not yet available.<br><sup>7</sup> [[ISO 3166-1]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is unused}} == Historia == [[Image:Bayeuxtap1.jpg|thumb|200px|right|*Norman conquest of Ingɛlandi as depicted in the [[Bayeux Tapestry]]]] [[Image:Elizabeth I (Ermine Portrait).jpg|thumb|175px|right|[[Elizabeth I ya Ingɛlandi|Mani Elizabeth I]]]] == Politiki == == Subdivisions == {| border=0 cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |-------- |valign=top | {| cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 |valign=top align=left| <small> <ol> <li>[[Northumberland]] <li>[[Tyne and Wear]] <li>[[County Durham|Durham]] <li>[[Cumbria]] <li>[[Lancashire]] <li>[[North Yorkshire]] <li>[[East Riding of Yorkshire]] <li>[[South Yorkshire]] <li>[[West Yorkshire]] <li>[[Greater Manchester]] <li>[[Merseyside]] <li>[[Cheshire]] <li>[[Derbyshire]] <li>[[Nottinghamshire]] <li>[[Lincolnshire]] <li>[[Rutland]] <li>[[Leicestershire]] <li>[[Staffordshire]] <li>[[Shropshire]] <li>[[Herefordshire]] <li>[[Worcestershire]] <li>[[West Midlands (county)|West Midlands]] <li>[[Warwickshire]] </ol> </small> |valign=top|<small> <ol start=24> <li>[[Northamptonshire]] <li>[[Cambridgeshire]] <li>[[Norfolk]] <li>[[Suffolk]] <li>[[Essex, England|Essex]] <li>[[Hertfordshire]] <li>[[Bedfordshire]] <li>[[Buckinghamshire]] <li>[[Oxfordshire]] <li>[[Gloucestershire]] <li>[[Bristol]] <li>[[Somerset]] <li>[[Wiltshire]] <li>[[Berkshire]] <li>[[Greater London]] <li>[[Kent]] <li>[[East Sussex]] <li>[[West Sussex]] <li>[[Surrey]] <li>[[Hampshire]] <li>[[Isle of Wight]] <li>[[Dorset]] <li>[[Devon]] <li>[[Cornwall]] </ol></small> |[[Image:EnglandCountiesCere.png]] |- |colspan=3|<small>''*Not shown'': [[City of London]] |} |} == Jyografi == [[Image:United Kingdom Satellite Image.JPG|thumb|right|*A satellite view ya Ingɛlandi mpé [[Ekólo Wali]].]] == Économie == == Démographie == == Culture == [[Image:Shakespeare.jpg|thumb|right|[[William Shakespeare]].]] ==Lokótá== [[Image:Beowulf.firstpage.jpeg|thumb|right|*[[Beowulf]] is one of the oldest surviving epic poems in what is identifiable as a form [[lingɛlɛ́sa]].]] [[Lingɛlɛ́sa]] ezalí [[lokótá]] ba Ingɛlandi . == Tála mpé == == Nkásá o libándá == {{UK}} [[af:Engeland]] [[als:England]] [[ang:Englaland]] [[ar:إنجلترا]] [[ast:Inglaterra]] [[az:İngiltərə]] [[be:Англія]] [[bg:Англия]] [[bs:Engleska]] [[ca:Anglaterra]] [[cs:Anglie]] [[cy:Lloegr]] [[da:England]] [[de:England]] [[el:Αγγλία]] [[en:England]] [[eo:Anglio]] [[es:Inglaterra]] [[et:Inglismaa]] [[eu:Ingalaterra]] [[fa:انگلستان]] [[fi:Englanti]] [[fr:Angleterre]] [[fy:Ingelân]] [[ga:Sasana]] [[gd:Sasainn]] [[gl:Inglaterra - England]] [[gn:Ingyaterra]] [[gv:Sostyn]] [[he:אנגליה]] [[hi:इंग्लैंड]] [[hu:Anglia]] [[id:Inggris]] [[io:Anglia]] [[is:England]] [[it:Inghilterra]] [[ja:イングランド]] [[ka:ინგლისი]] [[ko:잉글랜드]] [[ku:Ingilîstan]] [[kw:Pow Sows]] [[la:Anglia]] [[lb:England]] [[li:Ingeland]] [[lt:Anglija]] [[mk:Англија]] [[ms:England]] [[nds:England]] [[nds-nl:Engelaand (regio)]] [[nl:Engeland]] [[nn:England]] [[no:England]] [[nrm:Angliétèrre]] [[oc:Anglatèrra]] [[pl:Anglia]] [[pt:Inglaterra]] [[rm:Engalterra]] [[ro:Anglia]] [[roa-rup:Anglia]] [[ru:Англия]] [[sco:Ingland]] [[simple:England]] [[sk:Anglicko]] [[sl:Anglija]] [[sr:Енглеска]] [[st:Engelane]] [[sv:England]] [[sw:Uingereza (nchi)]] [[ta:இங்கிலாந்து]] [[tg:Англия]] [[th:ประเทศอังกฤษ]] [[tpi:Inglan]] [[tr:İngiltere]] [[uk:Англія]] [[uz:Angliya]] [[vi:Anh]] [[zh:英格兰]] [[zh-min-nan:Eng-tē]] 9501 2006-10-14T18:07:16Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: [[hr:Engleska]] {{ndámbo}} {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó_na_lokótá = England | nkómbó = Ingɛlandi | image_flag = Flag_of_England.svg|170px| image_coat = England.gif|100px| image_map = Map of England within the United Kingdom.png | mokáno = [[Dieu et mon droit]] (Royal motto)<br>([[Lifalansé]]: Nzámbe ndé likoki na ngáí)''<sup>2</sup></small> | loyémbo = [[God Save the Queen]]<sup>3</sup> | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|None]]; [[Lingɛlɛ́sa]] ''[[de facto]]'' <sup>4</sup> | mbóka-mokonzi = [[Londoni]] | latd=51|latm=30|latNS=N|longd=0|longm=7|longEW=W| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Londoni]] | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Constitutional monarchy]] | babengí_mokambi = [[British monarchy|Queen]]<br>[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] | nkómbó_mokambi = [[Elizabeth II ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|Elizabeth II]]<br>[[Tony Blair]] | etando_koleka = nn | etando_bonɛ́nɛ = 1 E11 | etando = 130.395 | ndámbo_mái = nn | bato_ndakisa-mitúya = ?| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=?| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=- | bato_na_etando = 377| bato_na_etando_limati=-| bato_botángi = 49 138 831| bato_botángi_mbúla= -| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = $1,825,837 million| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2005 | BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati= - | BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = $30,658 | BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati= - | sovereignty_type = [[Act of Union 1800|Establishment]] | established_events = nn | established_dates = 1801<sup>5</sup>| mosɔlɔ = [[Pound Sterling|British pound]] (&pound;) | currency_code = GBP | ngonga = [[GMT]] | utc_offset = +0 | ngonga_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | cctld= [[.uk]]<sup>7</sup> | calling_code = 44 | footnotes = <sup>1</sup>In the UK, [[Nkotá ya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ|some other language]]s have been officially recognised as legitimate [[autochthonous language|autochthonous]] [[regional language|(regional) languages]] under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]]. In each of these, the UK's official name is as follows: *<small>[[Cornish language|Cornish]]: ''An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh'' <small><sup>3</sup> Unofficial.<br><sup>4</sup> Officially recognised regional languages: <br><sup>6</sup> Official estimate provided by the UK [[Office for National Statistics]]. As of April 2005, the July 2004 estimates were not yet available.<br><sup>7</sup> [[ISO 3166-1]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is unused}} == Historia == [[Image:Bayeuxtap1.jpg|thumb|200px|right|*Norman conquest of Ingɛlandi as depicted in the [[Bayeux Tapestry]]]] [[Image:Elizabeth I (Ermine Portrait).jpg|thumb|175px|right|[[Elizabeth I ya Ingɛlandi|Mani Elizabeth I]]]] == Politiki == == Subdivisions == {| border=0 cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |-------- |valign=top | {| cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 |valign=top align=left| <small> <ol> <li>[[Northumberland]] <li>[[Tyne and Wear]] <li>[[County Durham|Durham]] <li>[[Cumbria]] <li>[[Lancashire]] <li>[[North Yorkshire]] <li>[[East Riding of Yorkshire]] <li>[[South Yorkshire]] <li>[[West Yorkshire]] <li>[[Greater Manchester]] <li>[[Merseyside]] <li>[[Cheshire]] <li>[[Derbyshire]] <li>[[Nottinghamshire]] <li>[[Lincolnshire]] <li>[[Rutland]] <li>[[Leicestershire]] <li>[[Staffordshire]] <li>[[Shropshire]] <li>[[Herefordshire]] <li>[[Worcestershire]] <li>[[West Midlands (county)|West Midlands]] <li>[[Warwickshire]] </ol> </small> |valign=top|<small> <ol start=24> <li>[[Northamptonshire]] <li>[[Cambridgeshire]] <li>[[Norfolk]] <li>[[Suffolk]] <li>[[Essex, England|Essex]] <li>[[Hertfordshire]] <li>[[Bedfordshire]] <li>[[Buckinghamshire]] <li>[[Oxfordshire]] <li>[[Gloucestershire]] <li>[[Bristol]] <li>[[Somerset]] <li>[[Wiltshire]] <li>[[Berkshire]] <li>[[Greater London]] <li>[[Kent]] <li>[[East Sussex]] <li>[[West Sussex]] <li>[[Surrey]] <li>[[Hampshire]] <li>[[Isle of Wight]] <li>[[Dorset]] <li>[[Devon]] <li>[[Cornwall]] </ol></small> |[[Image:EnglandCountiesCere.png]] |- |colspan=3|<small>''*Not shown'': [[City of London]] |} |} == Jyografi == [[Image:United Kingdom Satellite Image.JPG|thumb|right|*A satellite view ya Ingɛlandi mpé [[Ekólo Wali]].]] == Économie == == Démographie == == Culture == [[Image:Shakespeare.jpg|thumb|right|[[William Shakespeare]].]] ==Lokótá== [[Image:Beowulf.firstpage.jpeg|thumb|right|*[[Beowulf]] is one of the oldest surviving epic poems in what is identifiable as a form [[lingɛlɛ́sa]].]] [[Lingɛlɛ́sa]] ezalí [[lokótá]] ba Ingɛlandi . == Tála mpé == == Nkásá o libándá == {{UK}} [[af:Engeland]] [[als:England]] [[ang:Englaland]] [[ar:إنجلترا]] [[ast:Inglaterra]] [[az:İngiltərə]] [[be:Англія]] [[bg:Англия]] [[bs:Engleska]] [[ca:Anglaterra]] [[cs:Anglie]] [[cy:Lloegr]] [[da:England]] [[de:England]] [[el:Αγγλία]] [[en:England]] [[eo:Anglio]] [[es:Inglaterra]] [[et:Inglismaa]] [[eu:Ingalaterra]] [[fa:انگلستان]] [[fi:Englanti]] [[fr:Angleterre]] [[fy:Ingelân]] [[ga:Sasana]] [[gd:Sasainn]] [[gl:Inglaterra - England]] [[gn:Ingyaterra]] [[gv:Sostyn]] [[he:אנגליה]] [[hi:इंग्लैंड]] [[hr:Engleska]] [[hu:Anglia]] [[id:Inggris]] [[io:Anglia]] [[is:England]] [[it:Inghilterra]] [[ja:イングランド]] [[ka:ინგლისი]] [[ko:잉글랜드]] [[ku:Ingilîstan]] [[kw:Pow Sows]] [[la:Anglia]] [[lb:England]] [[li:Ingeland]] [[lt:Anglija]] [[mk:Англија]] [[ms:England]] [[nds:England]] [[nds-nl:Engelaand (regio)]] [[nl:Engeland]] [[nn:England]] [[no:England]] [[nrm:Angliétèrre]] [[oc:Anglatèrra]] [[pl:Anglia]] [[pt:Inglaterra]] [[rm:Engalterra]] [[ro:Anglia]] [[roa-rup:Anglia]] [[ru:Англия]] [[sco:Ingland]] [[simple:England]] [[sk:Anglicko]] [[sl:Anglija]] [[sr:Енглеска]] [[st:Engelane]] [[sv:England]] [[sw:Uingereza (nchi)]] [[ta:இங்கிலாந்து]] [[tg:Англия]] [[th:ประเทศอังกฤษ]] [[tpi:Inglan]] [[tr:İngiltere]] [[uk:Англія]] [[uz:Angliya]] [[vi:Anh]] [[zh:英格兰]] [[zh-min-nan:Eng-tē]] MediaWiki:Allowemail 1889 6537 2005-10-18T12:15:33Z Bombo 12 mokánda Enable mokánda from other users Category:Islamu 1890 6547 2005-10-18T12:37:48Z Bombo 12 cat [[category:relijion]] 6992 2005-11-23T11:25:47Z Bombo 12 Relijion -> relijió [[category:relijió]] Category:Boyúda 1891 6550 2005-10-18T12:41:49Z Bombo 12 cat [[category:relijion]] 6993 2005-11-23T11:26:37Z Bombo 12 Relijion -> relijió [[category:relijió]] Category:Boklísto 1892 6551 2005-10-18T12:42:36Z Bombo 12 cat [[category:relijion]] 6994 2005-11-23T11:27:13Z Bombo 12 Relijion -> relijió [[category:relijió]] User:Diagraph01 1893 6554 2005-10-18T20:59:41Z Diagraph01 36 <table style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px"> <tr><td><center>'''[[Wikipedia:Babel]]'''</center></td></tr> <tr><td>{{user ja}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{user en-1}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{user ln-0}}</td></tr> </table> "Diagraph01" lives in Tokyo, Japan. 6555 2005-10-18T23:01:21Z Diagraph01 36 <table style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px"> <tr><td><center>'''[[Wikipedia:Babel]]'''</center></td></tr> <tr><td>{{user ja}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{user en-1}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{user ln-0}}</td></tr> </table> "Diagraph01" lives in Tokyo, Japan. See refer: [[w:ja:User:Diagraph01]]([[w:ja:User talk:Diagraph01|Talk]]), please write in English or Japanese :) 6564 2005-10-23T09:52:24Z Diagraph01 36 add explanation <table style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px"> <tr><td><center>'''[[Wikipedia:Babel]]'''</center></td></tr> <tr><td>{{user ja}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{user en-1}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{user ln-0}}</td></tr> </table> "Diagraph01" lives in Tokyo, Japan. I'm taking the [[:ja:Wikipedia:毎月の多言語の統計|Multilingual monthly statistics (ja)]] and [[:ja:Wikipedia:毎月の多言語の統計 - 新しい記事|Multilingual monthly statistics - new articles (ja)]] in Japanese wikipedia. Although, I think that it will concentrate on acquisition each language information and attachment "+interwiki" for the time being. Therefore, I can't write new contribution. See refer: [[:ja:User:Diagraph01]]([[:ja:User talk:Diagraph01|Talk]]), please write in English or Japanese :) 8245 2006-05-25T14:20:19Z Diagraph01 36 {{babel-3|ja|en-1|ln-0}} "Diagraph01" lives in Tokyo, Japan. ja.wp's admin from 7 May 2006. I'm taking the [[:ja:Wikipedia:多言語の統計|Multilingual statistics (ja)]] and [[:ja:Wikipedia:ウィキペディアが提供されている言語の総覧|List of Wikipedias (ja)]] in Japanese wikipedia. Although, I think that it will concentrate on acquisition each language information and attachment "+interwiki" for the time being. Therefore, I can't write new contribution. See refer: [[:ja:User:Diagraph01]]([[:ja:User talk:Diagraph01|Talk]]). Template:User ja 1894 6556 2005-10-19T10:48:25Z 160.85.2.50 N {{User language|ja|この利用者は'''[[:Category:User ja|日本語]]'''を'''[[:Category:User ja-N|母語]]''' としています。}} 6940 2005-11-19T08:52:44Z Hégésippe Cormier 41 harmonisé avec les autres modèles <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''ja'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">この利用者は'''[[:Category:User ja|日本語]]'''を'''[[:Category:User ja-M|母語]]''' としています。[[Category:User ja|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User ja-M|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td> </tr></table></div> Template:User language 1895 6557 2005-10-19T10:50:40Z 160.85.2.50 <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC" ! style="width:45px; height:45px; background:#6EF7A7; font-size:14pt" | <span lang="en">{{{1}}}</span> | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" lang="{{{1}}}" dir={{{3}}} | {{{2}}}[[Category:User {{{1}}}|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User {{{1}}}-N|{{PAGENAME}}]] |} </div> User talk:Diagraph01 1896 6565 2005-10-23T10:01:02Z Moyogo 11 Hi! Hi Diagraph01, <br/> Welcome to the Lingala Wikipedia. I hope you'll be able to get the stats you need easily. If there's any question, feel free to ask. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 10:01, 23 oktobele 2005 (UTC) 6611 2005-11-01T02:04:27Z Diagraph01 36 thanks! Hi Diagraph01, <br/> Welcome to the Lingala Wikipedia. I hope you'll be able to get the stats you need easily. If there's any question, feel free to ask. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 10:01, 23 oktobele 2005 (UTC) :I'm very glad for your welcome message. Respectfully, --[[User:Diagraph01|Diagraph01]] 02:04, 1 novembere 2005 (UTC) 8246 2006-05-25T14:26:40Z Diagraph01 36 * If you hasten, please write to my [[:ja:利用者‐会話:Diagraph01|ja.wp's discussion page]] in English or Japanese language :) ---- Hi Diagraph01, <br/> Welcome to the Lingala Wikipedia. I hope you'll be able to get the stats you need easily. If there's any question, feel free to ask. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 10:01, 23 oktobele 2005 (UTC) :I'm very glad for your welcome message. Respectfully, --[[User:Diagraph01|Diagraph01]] 02:04, 1 novembere 2005 (UTC) User talk:Jvano 1897 6567 2005-10-23T20:30:55Z Jvano 33 jh Template:Commune RDC 2005 1898 6600 2005-10-27T14:40:37Z Bombo 12 <!-- [[Wikipédia:Projet, Charte graphique/Domaine géographique/Couleurs et niveaux administratifs]] --> {| align="right" rules="all" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; background-color: #f3fff3" ! colspan="2" style="background-color: #ddffdd" | {| style="background: #ddffdd" align="center" width="100%" | padding=0px| | style="background: #ddffdd" align="center" width="100%" |<font color=black size=4>'''{{{nom}}}''' | padding=0px| |} |- <!-- | valign="top" colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="white"| {{{carte}}} |- --> | valign="top"| [[Liste des pays du monde|Pays]] || align=center| [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa.svg|20px|République démocratique du Congo]] [[Repubiliki_ya_Kɔ́ngɔ_Demokratiki|Repubiliki_ya <br /> Kɔ́ngɔ_Demokratiki]] |- | [[Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Etúká]] || align=center| {{{ProvII}}} |- | [[Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa (Constitution_de_2005)|Etúká ya sika (2005)]] || align=center| {{{ProvIII}}} |- | valign="top"| [[Engumba]] || align=center| {{{ville}}} |- | valign="top"| [[Bourgmestre#En%20République%20démocratique%20du%20Congo|Bourgmestre]] || align=center| {{{bourgmestre}}} |- | valign="top"| [[Nkótá ya Ekólo]] || align=center| {{{lg}}} |- | valign="top"| [[Etando]] || align=center|<!-- {{{supha}}} ha<br />--> {{{supkm2}}} km² |- | [[Bato]]<br /> | - motángo ([[Mbúla]]) | align=center| {{{pop}}} bato <br /><small>({{{annéepop}}})</small> |- | [[Densité de population|Densité]] || align=center| {{{densité}}} bato/km² |- |align=center colspan=2 style="background: #f3fff3"|<small>[[Molongo ya bakomini ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Bakomini]] - [[Molongo ya engumba ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Engumba]] - [[Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Bitúká]] |} <noinclude>[[Catégorie:Modèle Afrique|Commune RDC 2005]]</noinclude> 6678 2005-11-05T09:49:08Z Moyogo 11 <!-- [[Wikipédia:Projet, Charte graphique/Domaine géographique/Couleurs et niveaux administratifs]] --> {| align="right" rules="all" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; background-color: #f3fff3" ! colspan="2" style="background-color: #ddffdd" | {| style="background: #ddffdd" align="center" width="100%" | padding=0px| | style="background: #ddffdd" align="center" width="100%" |<font color=black size=4>'''{{{nom}}}''' | padding=0px| |} |- <!-- | valign="top" colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="white"| {{{carte}}} |- --> | valign="top"| [[Liste des pays du monde|Pays]] || align=center| [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa.svg|20px|République démocratique du Congo]] [[Repubiliki_ya_Kɔ́ngɔ_Demokratiki|Repubiliki_ya <br /> Kɔ́ngɔ_Demokratiki]] |- | [[Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Etúká]] || align=center| {{{ProvII}}} |- | [[Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa (Constitution_de_2005)|Etúká ya sika (2005)]] || align=center| {{{ProvIII}}} |- | valign="top"| [[Engumba]] || align=center| {{{ville}}} |- | valign="top"| [[Bourgmestre#En%20République%20démocratique%20du%20Congo|Bourgmestre]] || align=center| {{{bourgmestre}}} |- | valign="top"| [[Nkótá ya Ekólo]] || align=center| {{{lg}}} |- | valign="top"| [[Etando]] || align=center|<!-- {{{supha}}} ha<br />--> {{{supkm2}}} km² |- | [[Bato]]<br /> - motángo ([[Mbúla]]) | align=center| {{{pop}}} bato <br /><small>({{{annéepop}}})</small> |- | [[Densité de population|Densité]] || align=center| {{{densité}}} bato/km² |- |align=center colspan=2 style="background: #f3fff3"|<small>[[Molongo ya bakomini ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Bakomini]] - [[Molongo ya engumba ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Engumba]] - [[Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Bitúká]] |} <noinclude>[[Catégorie:Modèle Afrique|Commune RDC 2005]]</noinclude> 7172 2005-12-04T11:35:06Z Moyogo 11 Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa <!-- [[Wikipédia:Projet, Charte graphique/Domaine géographique/Couleurs et niveaux administratifs]] --> {| align="right" rules="all" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; background-color: #f3fff3" ! colspan="2" style="background-color: #ddffdd" | {| style="background: #ddffdd" align="center" width="100%" | padding=0px| | style="background: #ddffdd" align="center" width="100%" |<font color=black size=4>'''{{{nom}}}''' | padding=0px| |} |- <!-- | valign="top" colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="white"| {{{carte}}} |- --> | valign="top"| [[Liste des pays du monde|Pays]] || align=center| [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa.svg|20px|République démocratique du Congo]] [[Repubiliki_ya_Kɔ́ngɔ_Demokratiki|Repubiliki_ya <br /> Kɔ́ngɔ_Demokratiki]] |- | [[Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Etúká]] || align=center| {{{ProvII}}} |- | [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa (Constitution_de_2005)|Etúká ya sika (2005)]] || align=center| {{{ProvIII}}} |- | valign="top"| [[Engumba]] || align=center| {{{ville}}} |- | valign="top"| [[Bourgmestre#En%20République%20démocratique%20du%20Congo|Bourgmestre]] || align=center| {{{bourgmestre}}} |- | valign="top"| [[Nkótá ya Ekólo]] || align=center| {{{lg}}} |- | valign="top"| [[Etando]] || align=center|<!-- {{{supha}}} ha<br />--> {{{supkm2}}} km² |- | [[Bato]]<br /> - motángo ([[Mbúla]]) | align=center| {{{pop}}} bato <br /><small>({{{annéepop}}})</small> |- | [[Densité de population|Densité]] || align=center| {{{densité}}} bato/km² |- |align=center colspan=2 style="background: #f3fff3"|<small>[[Molongo ya bakomini ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Bakomini]] - [[Molongo ya engumba ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Engumba]] - [[Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Bitúká]] |} <noinclude>[[Catégorie:Modèle Afrique|Commune RDC 2005]]</noinclude> 7173 2005-12-04T11:36:03Z Moyogo 11 Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa <!-- [[Wikipédia:Projet, Charte graphique/Domaine géographique/Couleurs et niveaux administratifs]] --> {| align="right" rules="all" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; background-color: #f3fff3" ! colspan="2" style="background-color: #ddffdd" | {| style="background: #ddffdd" align="center" width="100%" | padding=0px| | style="background: #ddffdd" align="center" width="100%" |<font color=black size=4>'''{{{nom}}}''' | padding=0px| |} |- <!-- | valign="top" colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="white"| {{{carte}}} |- --> | valign="top"| [[Liste des pays du monde|Pays]] || align=center| [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa.svg|20px|République démocratique du Congo]] [[Repubiliki_ya_Kɔ́ngɔ_Demokratiki|Repubiliki_ya <br /> Kɔ́ngɔ_Demokratiki]] |- | [[Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Etúká]] || align=center| {{{ProvII}}} |- | [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa (Constitution_de_2005)|Etúká ya sika (2005)]] || align=center| {{{ProvIII}}} |- | valign="top"| [[Engumba]] || align=center| {{{ville}}} |- | valign="top"| [[Bourgmestre#En%20République%20démocratique%20du%20Congo|Bourgmestre]] || align=center| {{{bourgmestre}}} |- | valign="top"| [[Nkótá ya Ekólo]] || align=center| {{{lg}}} |- | valign="top"| [[Etando]] || align=center|<!-- {{{supha}}} ha<br />--> {{{supkm2}}} km² |- | [[Bato]]<br /> - motángo ([[Mbúla]]) | align=center| {{{pop}}} bato <br /><small>({{{annéepop}}})</small> |- | [[Densité de population|Densité]] || align=center| {{{densité}}} bato/km² |- |align=center colspan=2 style="background: #f3fff3"|<small>[[Molongo ya bakomini ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Bakomini]] - [[Molongo ya engumba ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Engumba]] - [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Bitúká]] |} <noinclude>[[Catégorie:Modèle Afrique|Commune RDC 2005]]</noinclude> 7174 2005-12-04T11:37:45Z Moyogo 11 <!-- [[Wikipédia:Projet, Charte graphique/Domaine géographique/Couleurs et niveaux administratifs]] --> {| align="right" rules="all" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; background-color: #f3fff3" ! colspan="2" style="background-color: #ddffdd" | {| style="background: #ddffdd" align="center" width="100%" | padding=0px| | style="background: #ddffdd" align="center" width="100%" |<font color=black size=4>'''{{{nom}}}''' | padding=0px| |} |- <!-- | valign="top" colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="white"| {{{carte}}} |- --> | valign="top"| [[Liste des pays du monde|Pays]] || align=center| [[Image:Flag of Congo Kinshasa.svg|20px|République démocratique du Congo]] [[Repubiliki_ya_Kɔ́ngɔ_Demokratiki|Repubiliki_ya <br /> Kɔ́ngɔ_Demokratiki]] |- | [[Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Etúká]] || align=center| {{{ProvII}}} |- | [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa (Constitution_de_2005)|Etúká ya sika (2005)]] || align=center| {{{ProvIII}}} |- | valign="top"| [[Engumba]] || align=center| {{{ville}}} |- | valign="top"| [[Bourgmestre#En%20République%20démocratique%20du%20Congo|Bourgmestre]] || align=center| {{{bourgmestre}}} |- | valign="top"| [[Nkótá ya Ekólo]] || align=center| {{{lg}}} |- | valign="top"| [[Etando]] || align=center|<!-- {{{supha}}} ha<br />--> {{{supkm2}}} km² |- | [[Bato]]<br /> - motángo ([[Mbúla]]) | align=center| {{{pop}}} bato <br /><small>({{{annéepop}}})</small> |- | [[Densité de population|Densité]] || align=center| {{{densité}}} bato/km² |- |align=center colspan=2 style="background: #f3fff3"|<small>[[Molongo ya bakomini ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Bakomini]] - [[Molongo ya engumba ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Engumba]] - [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Bitúká]] |} <noinclude>[[Category:Modèle Afrique|Commune RDC 2005]]</noinclude> 8364 2006-06-08T19:54:00Z Moyogo 11 <!-- [[Wikipédia:Projet, Charte graphique/Domaine géographique/Couleurs et niveaux administratifs]] --> {| align="right" rules="all" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; background-color: #f3fff3" ! colspan="2" style="background-color: #ddffdd" | {| style="background: #ddffdd" align="center" width="100%" | padding=0px| | style="background: #ddffdd" align="center" width="100%" |<font color=black size=4>'''{{{nom}}}''' | padding=0px| |} |- <!-- | valign="top" colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="white"| {{{carte}}} |- --> | valign="top"| [[Liste des pays du monde|Pays]] || align=center| [[Image:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg|20px|République démocratique du Congo]] [[Repubiliki_ya_Kɔ́ngɔ_Demokratiki|Repubiliki_ya <br /> Kɔ́ngɔ_Demokratiki]] |- | [[Bituka bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Etúká]] || align=center| {{{ProvII}}} |- | [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa (Constitution_de_2005)|Etúká ya sika (2005)]] || align=center| {{{ProvIII}}} |- | valign="top"| [[Engumba]] || align=center| {{{ville}}} |- | valign="top"| [[Bourgmestre#En%20République%20démocratique%20du%20Congo|Bourgmestre]] || align=center| {{{bourgmestre}}} |- | valign="top"| [[Nkótá ya Ekólo]] || align=center| {{{lg}}} |- | valign="top"| [[Etando]] || align=center|<!-- {{{supha}}} ha<br />--> {{{supkm2}}} km² |- | [[Bato]]<br /> - motángo ([[Mbúla]]) | align=center| {{{pop}}} bato <br /><small>({{{annéepop}}})</small> |- | [[Densité de population|Densité]] || align=center| {{{densité}}} bato/km² |- |align=center colspan=2 style="background: #f3fff3"|<small>[[Molongo ya bakomini ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Bakomini]] - [[Molongo ya engumba ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Engumba]] - [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Bitúká]] |} <noinclude>[[Category:Modèle Afrique|Commune RDC 2005]]</noinclude> Wikipedia:Bot 1899 6619 2005-11-02T11:56:38Z Bombo 12 sika == Liste des bots sur la Wikipedia Lingála == === Bots autorisés et utilisés actuellement === {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | |- {{ligne grise}} |} ''La liste ci-dessous est mise à jour manuellement.'' === Bots non autorisés ou en phase de test et utilisés actuellement === {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | [[User:Robbot|Robbot]] | [[User:Andre Engels|Andre Engels]] {{nl}} | interwiki, homonymies |- {{ligne grise}} |} === Anciens bots === ''Ces bots ne sont pas actifs''. {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | [[User:CyeZBot|CyeZBot]] | [[User:CyeZ|CyeZ]] {{nl}} | interwikis |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Guanabot|Guanabot]] | [[User:???|???]] | ??? |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:RCbot|RCbot]] | [[commons:User:Richie|Richie]] | commons? |- {{ligne grise}} |} [[Category:Wikipedia Bot]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Бот]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Bots]] [[de:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια:Bots]] [[en:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Roboto]] [[es:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Botit]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Bot]] [[he:ויקיפדיה:בוט]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[ja:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[lt:Wikipedia:Botai]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Boty na polskiej Wikipedii]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Coordenação robótica]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[ru:Википедия:Бот]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Robotar]] [[zh:Help:机器人]] 7858 2006-03-27T02:30:30Z Superzerocool 62 == Liste des bots sur la Wikipedia Lingála == === Bots autorisés et utilisés actuellement === {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | |- {{ligne grise}} |} ''La liste ci-dessous est mise à jour manuellement.'' === Bots non autorisés ou en phase de test et utilisés actuellement === {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | [[User:Robbot|Robbot]] | [[User:Andre Engels|Andre Engels]] {{nl}} | interwiki, homonymies |- {{ligne grise}} |} === Anciens bots === ''Ces bots ne sont pas actifs''. {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | [[User:CyeZBot|CyeZBot]] | [[User:CyeZ|CyeZ]] {{nl}} | interwikis |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Guanabot|Guanabot]] | [[User:???|???]] | ??? |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:RCbot|RCbot]] | [[commons:User:Richie|Richie]] | commons? |- {{ligne grise}} |} ===[[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]]=== I request bot status an this wiki in order to update interwikis. *BOT-User: [[User:Superzerocool]] *Test edits [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Superzerocool see here] *The bot uses pywikipedia software and is constantly updated with CVS. ====Approval==== # ====Reject==== # [[Category:Wikipedia Bot]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Бот]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Bots]] [[de:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια:Bots]] [[en:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Roboto]] [[es:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Botit]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Bot]] [[he:ויקיפדיה:בוט]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[ja:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[lt:Wikipedia:Botai]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Boty na polskiej Wikipedii]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Coordenação robótica]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[ru:Википедия:Бот]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Robotar]] [[zh:Help:机器人]] 7880 2006-03-27T15:02:21Z Bombo 12 == Liste des bots sur la Wikipedia Lingála == === Bots autorisés et utilisés actuellement === {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | |- {{ligne grise}} |} ''La liste ci-dessous est mise à jour manuellement.'' === Bots non autorisés ou en phase de test et utilisés actuellement === {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Contributions''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | [[User:Robbot|Robbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Robbot|Contributions]] | [[User:Andre Engels|Andre Engels]] | interwiki, homonymies |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] | [[Special:Contributions/Superzerocool|Contributions]] | [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] | interwiki |- |} === Anciens bots === ''Ces bots ne sont pas actifs''. {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | [[User:CyeZBot|CyeZBot]] | [[Special:Contributions/CyzeBot|Contributions]] | [[User:CyeZ|CyeZ]] | interwikis |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Guanabot|Guanabot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Guanabot|Contributions]] | [[User:???|???]] | ??? |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:RCbot|RCbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/RCbot|Contributions]] | [[commons:User:Richie|Richie]] | commons? |- {{ligne grise}} |} ===[[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]]=== I request bot status an this wiki in order to update interwikis. *BOT-User: [[User:Superzerocool]] *Test edits [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Superzerocool see here] *The bot uses pywikipedia software and is constantly updated with CVS. ====Ɛɛ==== # ====Tɛ==== # [[Category:Wikipedia Bot]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Бот]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Bots]] [[de:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια:Bots]] [[en:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Roboto]] [[es:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Botit]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Bot]] [[he:ויקיפדיה:בוט]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[ja:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[lt:Wikipedia:Botai]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Boty na polskiej Wikipedii]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Coordenação robótica]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[ru:Википедия:Бот]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Robotar]] [[zh:Help:机器人]] 7881 2006-03-27T15:15:20Z Bombo 12 /* [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] */ ɛɛ == Liste des bots sur la Wikipedia Lingála == === Bots autorisés et utilisés actuellement === {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | |- {{ligne grise}} |} ''La liste ci-dessous est mise à jour manuellement.'' === Bots non autorisés ou en phase de test et utilisés actuellement === {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Contributions''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | [[User:Robbot|Robbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Robbot|Contributions]] | [[User:Andre Engels|Andre Engels]] | interwiki, homonymies |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] | [[Special:Contributions/Superzerocool|Contributions]] | [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] | interwiki |- |} === Anciens bots === ''Ces bots ne sont pas actifs''. {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | [[User:CyeZBot|CyeZBot]] | [[Special:Contributions/CyzeBot|Contributions]] | [[User:CyeZ|CyeZ]] | interwikis |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Guanabot|Guanabot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Guanabot|Contributions]] | [[User:???|???]] | ??? |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:RCbot|RCbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/RCbot|Contributions]] | [[commons:User:Richie|Richie]] | commons? |- {{ligne grise}} |} ===[[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]]=== I request bot status an this wiki in order to update interwikis. *BOT-User: [[User:Superzerocool]] *Test edits [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Superzerocool see here] *The bot uses pywikipedia software and is constantly updated with CVS. ::You have to ask bot status at meta wiki: [[meta:Requests_for_bot_status]] ::Wouldn't it be better to have two aacounts: one for you and one for your bot? It seems that this is also one of the conditions asked by meta. Thank you to support the lingála wiki over the ocean! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:15, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) ====Ɛɛ==== #--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:15, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) ====Tɛ==== # [[Category:Wikipedia Bot]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Бот]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Bots]] [[de:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια:Bots]] [[en:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Roboto]] [[es:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Botit]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Bot]] [[he:ויקיפדיה:בוט]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[ja:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[lt:Wikipedia:Botai]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Boty na polskiej Wikipedii]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Coordenação robótica]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[ru:Википедия:Бот]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Robotar]] [[zh:Help:机器人]] 7882 2006-03-27T15:33:49Z Moyogo 11 /* Ɛɛ */ == Liste des bots sur la Wikipedia Lingála == === Bots autorisés et utilisés actuellement === {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | |- {{ligne grise}} |} ''La liste ci-dessous est mise à jour manuellement.'' === Bots non autorisés ou en phase de test et utilisés actuellement === {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Contributions''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | [[User:Robbot|Robbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Robbot|Contributions]] | [[User:Andre Engels|Andre Engels]] | interwiki, homonymies |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] | [[Special:Contributions/Superzerocool|Contributions]] | [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] | interwiki |- |} === Anciens bots === ''Ces bots ne sont pas actifs''. {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | [[User:CyeZBot|CyeZBot]] | [[Special:Contributions/CyzeBot|Contributions]] | [[User:CyeZ|CyeZ]] | interwikis |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Guanabot|Guanabot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Guanabot|Contributions]] | [[User:???|???]] | ??? |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:RCbot|RCbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/RCbot|Contributions]] | [[commons:User:Richie|Richie]] | commons? |- {{ligne grise}} |} ===[[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]]=== I request bot status an this wiki in order to update interwikis. *BOT-User: [[User:Superzerocool]] *Test edits [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Superzerocool see here] *The bot uses pywikipedia software and is constantly updated with CVS. ::You have to ask bot status at meta wiki: [[meta:Requests_for_bot_status]] ::Wouldn't it be better to have two aacounts: one for you and one for your bot? It seems that this is also one of the conditions asked by meta. Thank you to support the lingála wiki over the ocean! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:15, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) ====Ɛɛ==== #--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:15, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) #---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 15:33, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) ====Tɛ==== # [[Category:Wikipedia Bot]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Бот]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Bots]] [[de:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια:Bots]] [[en:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Roboto]] [[es:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Botit]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Bot]] [[he:ויקיפדיה:בוט]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[ja:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[lt:Wikipedia:Botai]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Boty na polskiej Wikipedii]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Coordenação robótica]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[ru:Википедия:Бот]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Robotar]] [[zh:Help:机器人]] 7950 2006-04-02T20:17:16Z Superzerocool 62 /* [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] */ == Liste des bots sur la Wikipedia Lingála == === Bots autorisés et utilisés actuellement === {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | |- {{ligne grise}} |} ''La liste ci-dessous est mise à jour manuellement.'' === Bots non autorisés ou en phase de test et utilisés actuellement === {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Contributions''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | [[User:Robbot|Robbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Robbot|Contributions]] | [[User:Andre Engels|Andre Engels]] | interwiki, homonymies |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] | [[Special:Contributions/Superzerocool|Contributions]] | [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] | interwiki |- |} === Anciens bots === ''Ces bots ne sont pas actifs''. {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | [[User:CyeZBot|CyeZBot]] | [[Special:Contributions/CyzeBot|Contributions]] | [[User:CyeZ|CyeZ]] | interwikis |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Guanabot|Guanabot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Guanabot|Contributions]] | [[User:???|???]] | ??? |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:RCbot|RCbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/RCbot|Contributions]] | [[commons:User:Richie|Richie]] | commons? |- {{ligne grise}} |} ===[[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]]=== I request bot status an this wiki in order to update interwikis. *BOT-User: [[User:Superzerocool]] *Test edits [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Superzerocool see here] *The bot uses pywikipedia software and is constantly updated with CVS. ::You have to ask bot status at meta wiki: [[meta:Requests_for_bot_status]] ::Wouldn't it be better to have two aacounts: one for you and one for your bot? It seems that this is also one of the conditions asked by meta. Thank you to support the lingála wiki over the ocean! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:15, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) ::: Yes, It's true about two accounts, but I don't know this language. I understand english and spanish (native language). About meta request, some stewards say me wait a week to community approval. Thanks for your voting. And I will run every days this wiki bot. [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] 20:17, 2 avril 2006 (UTC) ====Ɛɛ==== #--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:15, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) #---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 15:33, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) ====Tɛ==== # [[Category:Wikipedia Bot]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Бот]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Bots]] [[de:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια:Bots]] [[en:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Roboto]] [[es:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Botit]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Bot]] [[he:ויקיפדיה:בוט]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[ja:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[lt:Wikipedia:Botai]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Boty na polskiej Wikipedii]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Coordenação robótica]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[ru:Википедия:Бот]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Robotar]] [[zh:Help:机器人]] 7954 2006-04-04T09:25:07Z Bombo 12 /* [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] */ == Liste des bots sur la Wikipedia Lingála == === Bots autorisés et utilisés actuellement === {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | |- {{ligne grise}} |} ''La liste ci-dessous est mise à jour manuellement.'' === Bots non autorisés ou en phase de test et utilisés actuellement === {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Contributions''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | [[User:Robbot|Robbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Robbot|Contributions]] | [[User:Andre Engels|Andre Engels]] | interwiki, homonymies |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] | [[Special:Contributions/Superzerocool|Contributions]] | [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] | interwiki |- |} === Anciens bots === ''Ces bots ne sont pas actifs''. {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | [[User:CyeZBot|CyeZBot]] | [[Special:Contributions/CyzeBot|Contributions]] | [[User:CyeZ|CyeZ]] | interwikis |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Guanabot|Guanabot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Guanabot|Contributions]] | [[User:???|???]] | ??? |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:RCbot|RCbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/RCbot|Contributions]] | [[commons:User:Richie|Richie]] | commons? |- {{ligne grise}} |} ===[[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]]=== I request bot status an this wiki in order to update interwikis. *BOT-User: [[User:Superzerocool]] *Test edits [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Superzerocool see here] *The bot uses pywikipedia software and is constantly updated with CVS. ::You have to ask bot status at meta wiki: [[meta:Requests_for_bot_status]] ::Wouldn't it be better to have two aacounts: one for you and one for your bot? It seems that this is also one of the conditions asked by meta. Thank you to support the lingála wiki over the ocean! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:15, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) ::: Yes, It's true about two accounts, but I don't know this language. I understand english and spanish (native language). About meta request, some stewards say me wait a week to community approval. Thanks for your voting. And I will run every days this wiki bot. [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] 20:17, 2 avril 2006 (UTC) ::::There is no problem. The administrators [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] and [[User:Bombo|Bombo]] speak both English an French, Moyogo also Spanish. Ɛɛ means yes, tɛ means no. Thank you for your help and good luck! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:25, 4 avril 2006 (UTC) ====Ɛɛ==== #--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:15, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) #---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 15:33, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) ====Tɛ==== # [[Category:Wikipedia Bot]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Бот]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Bots]] [[de:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια:Bots]] [[en:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Roboto]] [[es:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Botit]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Bot]] [[he:ויקיפדיה:בוט]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[ja:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[lt:Wikipedia:Botai]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Boty na polskiej Wikipedii]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Coordenação robótica]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[ru:Википедия:Бот]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Robotar]] [[zh:Help:机器人]] 7970 2006-04-05T04:52:22Z Superzerocool 62 /* [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] */ == Liste des bots sur la Wikipedia Lingála == === Bots autorisés et utilisés actuellement === {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | |- {{ligne grise}} |} ''La liste ci-dessous est mise à jour manuellement.'' === Bots non autorisés ou en phase de test et utilisés actuellement === {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Contributions''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | [[User:Robbot|Robbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Robbot|Contributions]] | [[User:Andre Engels|Andre Engels]] | interwiki, homonymies |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] | [[Special:Contributions/Superzerocool|Contributions]] | [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] | interwiki |- |} === Anciens bots === ''Ces bots ne sont pas actifs''. {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | [[User:CyeZBot|CyeZBot]] | [[Special:Contributions/CyzeBot|Contributions]] | [[User:CyeZ|CyeZ]] | interwikis |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Guanabot|Guanabot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Guanabot|Contributions]] | [[User:???|???]] | ??? |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:RCbot|RCbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/RCbot|Contributions]] | [[commons:User:Richie|Richie]] | commons? |- {{ligne grise}} |} ===[[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]]=== I request bot status an this wiki in order to update interwikis. *BOT-User: [[User:Superzerocool]] *Test edits [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Superzerocool see here] *The bot uses pywikipedia software and is constantly updated with CVS. ::You have to ask bot status at meta wiki: [[meta:Requests_for_bot_status]] ::Wouldn't it be better to have two aacounts: one for you and one for your bot? It seems that this is also one of the conditions asked by meta. Thank you to support the lingála wiki over the ocean! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:15, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) ::: Yes, It's true about two accounts, but I don't know this language. I understand english and spanish (native language). About meta request, some stewards say me wait a week to community approval. Thanks for your voting. And I will run every days this wiki bot. [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] 20:17, 2 avril 2006 (UTC) ::::There is no problem. The administrators [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] and [[User:Bombo|Bombo]] speak both English an French, Moyogo also Spanish. Ɛɛ means yes, tɛ means no. Thank you for your help and good luck! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:25, 4 avril 2006 (UTC) Today, I request the bot flag in meta. [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] 04:52, 5 avril 2006 (UTC) ====Ɛɛ==== #--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:15, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) #---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 15:33, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) ====Tɛ==== # [[Category:Wikipedia Bot]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Бот]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Bots]] [[de:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια:Bots]] [[en:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Roboto]] [[es:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Botit]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Bot]] [[he:ויקיפדיה:בוט]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[ja:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[lt:Wikipedia:Botai]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Boty na polskiej Wikipedii]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Coordenação robótica]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[ru:Википедия:Бот]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Robotar]] [[zh:Help:机器人]] 7978 2006-04-08T18:50:46Z Superzerocool 62 /* [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] */ == Liste des bots sur la Wikipedia Lingála == === Bots autorisés et utilisés actuellement === {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | |- {{ligne grise}} |} ''La liste ci-dessous est mise à jour manuellement.'' === Bots non autorisés ou en phase de test et utilisés actuellement === {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Contributions''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | [[User:Robbot|Robbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Robbot|Contributions]] | [[User:Andre Engels|Andre Engels]] | interwiki, homonymies |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] | [[Special:Contributions/Superzerocool|Contributions]] | [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] | interwiki |- |} === Anciens bots === ''Ces bots ne sont pas actifs''. {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | [[User:CyeZBot|CyeZBot]] | [[Special:Contributions/CyzeBot|Contributions]] | [[User:CyeZ|CyeZ]] | interwikis |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Guanabot|Guanabot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Guanabot|Contributions]] | [[User:???|???]] | ??? |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:RCbot|RCbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/RCbot|Contributions]] | [[commons:User:Richie|Richie]] | commons? |- {{ligne grise}} |} ===[[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]]=== I request bot status an this wiki in order to update interwikis. *BOT-User: [[User:Superzerocool]] *Test edits [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Superzerocool see here] *The bot uses pywikipedia software and is constantly updated with CVS. ::You have to ask bot status at meta wiki: [[meta:Requests_for_bot_status]] ::Wouldn't it be better to have two aacounts: one for you and one for your bot? It seems that this is also one of the conditions asked by meta. Thank you to support the lingála wiki over the ocean! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:15, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) ::: Yes, It's true about two accounts, but I don't know this language. I understand english and spanish (native language). About meta request, some stewards say me wait a week to community approval. Thanks for your voting. And I will run every days this wiki bot. [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] 20:17, 2 avril 2006 (UTC) ::::There is no problem. The administrators [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] and [[User:Bombo|Bombo]] speak both English an French, Moyogo also Spanish. Ɛɛ means yes, tɛ means no. Thank you for your help and good luck! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:25, 4 avril 2006 (UTC) Today, I request the bot flag in meta. [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] 04:52, 5 avril 2006 (UTC) :The bot has been aproved (!) Thanks for your suporting ;) [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] 18:50, 8 avril 2006 (UTC) ====Ɛɛ==== #--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:15, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) #---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 15:33, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) ====Tɛ==== # [[Category:Wikipedia Bot]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Бот]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Bots]] [[de:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια:Bots]] [[en:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Roboto]] [[es:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Botit]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Bot]] [[he:ויקיפדיה:בוט]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[ja:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[lt:Wikipedia:Botai]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Boty na polskiej Wikipedii]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Coordenação robótica]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[ru:Википедия:Бот]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Robotar]] [[zh:Help:机器人]] 8509 2006-07-01T18:43:53Z Bombo 12 /* Bots non autorisés ou en phase de test et utilisés actuellement */ == Liste des bots sur la Wikipedia Lingála == === Bots autorisés et utilisés actuellement === {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | |- {{ligne grise}} |} ''La liste ci-dessous est mise à jour manuellement.'' === Bots non autorisés ou en phase de test et utilisés actuellement === {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Contributions''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | [[User:Robbot|Robbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Robbot|Contributions]] | [[User:Andre Engels|Andre Engels]] | interwiki, homonymies |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] | [[Special:Contributions/Superzerocool|Contributions]] | [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] | interwiki |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Escarbot|Escarbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Escarbot|Contributions]] | User: | interwiki |- |} === Anciens bots === ''Ces bots ne sont pas actifs''. {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | [[User:CyeZBot|CyeZBot]] | [[Special:Contributions/CyzeBot|Contributions]] | [[User:CyeZ|CyeZ]] | interwikis |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Guanabot|Guanabot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Guanabot|Contributions]] | [[User:???|???]] | ??? |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:RCbot|RCbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/RCbot|Contributions]] | [[commons:User:Richie|Richie]] | commons? |- {{ligne grise}} |} ===[[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]]=== I request bot status an this wiki in order to update interwikis. *BOT-User: [[User:Superzerocool]] *Test edits [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Superzerocool see here] *The bot uses pywikipedia software and is constantly updated with CVS. ::You have to ask bot status at meta wiki: [[meta:Requests_for_bot_status]] ::Wouldn't it be better to have two aacounts: one for you and one for your bot? It seems that this is also one of the conditions asked by meta. Thank you to support the lingála wiki over the ocean! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:15, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) ::: Yes, It's true about two accounts, but I don't know this language. I understand english and spanish (native language). About meta request, some stewards say me wait a week to community approval. Thanks for your voting. And I will run every days this wiki bot. [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] 20:17, 2 avril 2006 (UTC) ::::There is no problem. The administrators [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] and [[User:Bombo|Bombo]] speak both English an French, Moyogo also Spanish. Ɛɛ means yes, tɛ means no. Thank you for your help and good luck! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:25, 4 avril 2006 (UTC) Today, I request the bot flag in meta. [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] 04:52, 5 avril 2006 (UTC) :The bot has been aproved (!) Thanks for your suporting ;) [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] 18:50, 8 avril 2006 (UTC) ====Ɛɛ==== #--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:15, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) #---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 15:33, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) ====Tɛ==== # [[Category:Wikipedia Bot]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Бот]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Bots]] [[de:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια:Bots]] [[en:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Roboto]] [[es:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Botit]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Bot]] [[he:ויקיפדיה:בוט]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[ja:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[lt:Wikipedia:Botai]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Boty na polskiej Wikipedii]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Coordenação robótica]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[ru:Википедия:Бот]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Robotar]] [[zh:Help:机器人]] 8511 2006-07-01T18:46:59Z Bombo 12 /* Bots non autorisés ou en phase de test et utilisés actuellement */ == Liste des bots sur la Wikipedia Lingála == === Bots autorisés et utilisés actuellement === {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | |- {{ligne grise}} |} ''La liste ci-dessous est mise à jour manuellement.'' === Bots non autorisés ou en phase de test et utilisés actuellement === {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Contributions''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | [[User:Robbot|Robbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Robbot|Contributions]] | [[User:Andre Engels|Andre Engels]] | interwiki, homonymies |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] | [[Special:Contributions/Superzerocool|Contributions]] | [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] | interwiki |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Escarbot|Escarbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Escarbot|Contributions]] | [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Vargenau Vargenau] | interwiki |- |} === Anciens bots === ''Ces bots ne sont pas actifs''. {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | [[User:CyeZBot|CyeZBot]] | [[Special:Contributions/CyzeBot|Contributions]] | [[User:CyeZ|CyeZ]] | interwikis |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Guanabot|Guanabot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Guanabot|Contributions]] | [[User:???|???]] | ??? |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:RCbot|RCbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/RCbot|Contributions]] | [[commons:User:Richie|Richie]] | commons? |- {{ligne grise}} |} ===[[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]]=== I request bot status an this wiki in order to update interwikis. *BOT-User: [[User:Superzerocool]] *Test edits [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Superzerocool see here] *The bot uses pywikipedia software and is constantly updated with CVS. ::You have to ask bot status at meta wiki: [[meta:Requests_for_bot_status]] ::Wouldn't it be better to have two aacounts: one for you and one for your bot? It seems that this is also one of the conditions asked by meta. Thank you to support the lingála wiki over the ocean! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:15, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) ::: Yes, It's true about two accounts, but I don't know this language. I understand english and spanish (native language). About meta request, some stewards say me wait a week to community approval. Thanks for your voting. And I will run every days this wiki bot. [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] 20:17, 2 avril 2006 (UTC) ::::There is no problem. The administrators [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] and [[User:Bombo|Bombo]] speak both English an French, Moyogo also Spanish. Ɛɛ means yes, tɛ means no. Thank you for your help and good luck! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:25, 4 avril 2006 (UTC) Today, I request the bot flag in meta. [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] 04:52, 5 avril 2006 (UTC) :The bot has been aproved (!) Thanks for your suporting ;) [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] 18:50, 8 avril 2006 (UTC) ====Ɛɛ==== #--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:15, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) #---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 15:33, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) ====Tɛ==== # [[Category:Wikipedia Bot]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Бот]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Bots]] [[de:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια:Bots]] [[en:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Roboto]] [[es:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Botit]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Bot]] [[he:ויקיפדיה:בוט]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[ja:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[lt:Wikipedia:Botai]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Boty na polskiej Wikipedii]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Coordenação robótica]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[ru:Википедия:Бот]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Robotar]] [[zh:Help:机器人]] 8514 2006-07-01T18:49:02Z Bombo 12 /* Bots non autorisés ou en phase de test et utilisés actuellement */ == Liste des bots sur la Wikipedia Lingála == === Bots autorisés et utilisés actuellement === {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | |- {{ligne grise}} |} ''La liste ci-dessous est mise à jour manuellement.'' === Bots non autorisés ou en phase de test et utilisés actuellement === {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Contributions''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | [[User:Robbot|Robbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Robbot|Contributions]] | [[User:Andre Engels|Andre Engels]] | interwiki, homonymies |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] | [[Special:Contributions/Superzerocool|Contributions]] | [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] | interwiki |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Escarbot|Escarbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Escarbot|Contributions]] | [[:fr:User:Vargenau|Vargenau]] | interwiki |- |} === Anciens bots === ''Ces bots ne sont pas actifs''. {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | [[User:CyeZBot|CyeZBot]] | [[Special:Contributions/CyzeBot|Contributions]] | [[User:CyeZ|CyeZ]] | interwikis |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Guanabot|Guanabot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Guanabot|Contributions]] | [[User:???|???]] | ??? |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:RCbot|RCbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/RCbot|Contributions]] | [[commons:User:Richie|Richie]] | commons? |- {{ligne grise}} |} ===[[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]]=== I request bot status an this wiki in order to update interwikis. *BOT-User: [[User:Superzerocool]] *Test edits [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Superzerocool see here] *The bot uses pywikipedia software and is constantly updated with CVS. ::You have to ask bot status at meta wiki: [[meta:Requests_for_bot_status]] ::Wouldn't it be better to have two aacounts: one for you and one for your bot? It seems that this is also one of the conditions asked by meta. Thank you to support the lingála wiki over the ocean! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:15, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) ::: Yes, It's true about two accounts, but I don't know this language. I understand english and spanish (native language). About meta request, some stewards say me wait a week to community approval. Thanks for your voting. And I will run every days this wiki bot. [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] 20:17, 2 avril 2006 (UTC) ::::There is no problem. The administrators [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] and [[User:Bombo|Bombo]] speak both English an French, Moyogo also Spanish. Ɛɛ means yes, tɛ means no. Thank you for your help and good luck! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:25, 4 avril 2006 (UTC) Today, I request the bot flag in meta. [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] 04:52, 5 avril 2006 (UTC) :The bot has been aproved (!) Thanks for your suporting ;) [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] 18:50, 8 avril 2006 (UTC) ====Ɛɛ==== #--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:15, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) #---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 15:33, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) ====Tɛ==== # [[Category:Wikipedia Bot]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Бот]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Bots]] [[de:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια:Bots]] [[en:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Roboto]] [[es:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Botit]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Bot]] [[he:ויקיפדיה:בוט]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[ja:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[lt:Wikipedia:Botai]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Boty na polskiej Wikipedii]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Coordenação robótica]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[ru:Википедия:Бот]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Robotar]] [[zh:Help:机器人]] 8792 2006-07-10T22:08:51Z 80.218.22.99 /* Bots non autorisés ou en phase de test et utilisés actuellement */ Yurikbot == Liste des bots sur la Wikipedia Lingála == === Bots autorisés et utilisés actuellement === {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | |- {{ligne grise}} |} ''La liste ci-dessous est mise à jour manuellement.'' === Bots non autorisés ou en phase de test et utilisés actuellement === {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Contributions''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | [[User:Robbot|Robbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Robbot|Contributions]] | [[User:Andre Engels|Andre Engels]] | interwiki, homonymies |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] | [[Special:Contributions/Superzerocool|Contributions]] | [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] | interwiki |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Escarbot|Escarbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Escarbot|Contributions]] | [[:fr:User:Vargenau|Vargenau]] | interwiki |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Yurikbot|Yurikbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Yurikbot|Contributions]] | [[:en:User:Yurik|Yurik]] | interwiki |- |} === Anciens bots === ''Ces bots ne sont pas actifs''. {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | [[User:CyeZBot|CyeZBot]] | [[Special:Contributions/CyzeBot|Contributions]] | [[User:CyeZ|CyeZ]] | interwikis |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Guanabot|Guanabot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Guanabot|Contributions]] | [[User:???|???]] | ??? |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:RCbot|RCbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/RCbot|Contributions]] | [[commons:User:Richie|Richie]] | commons? |- {{ligne grise}} |} ===[[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]]=== I request bot status an this wiki in order to update interwikis. *BOT-User: [[User:Superzerocool]] *Test edits [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Superzerocool see here] *The bot uses pywikipedia software and is constantly updated with CVS. ::You have to ask bot status at meta wiki: [[meta:Requests_for_bot_status]] ::Wouldn't it be better to have two aacounts: one for you and one for your bot? It seems that this is also one of the conditions asked by meta. Thank you to support the lingála wiki over the ocean! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:15, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) ::: Yes, It's true about two accounts, but I don't know this language. I understand english and spanish (native language). About meta request, some stewards say me wait a week to community approval. Thanks for your voting. And I will run every days this wiki bot. [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] 20:17, 2 avril 2006 (UTC) ::::There is no problem. The administrators [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] and [[User:Bombo|Bombo]] speak both English an French, Moyogo also Spanish. Ɛɛ means yes, tɛ means no. Thank you for your help and good luck! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:25, 4 avril 2006 (UTC) Today, I request the bot flag in meta. [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] 04:52, 5 avril 2006 (UTC) :The bot has been aproved (!) Thanks for your suporting ;) [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] 18:50, 8 avril 2006 (UTC) ====Ɛɛ==== #--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:15, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) #---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 15:33, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) ====Tɛ==== # [[Category:Wikipedia Bot]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Бот]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Bots]] [[de:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια:Bots]] [[en:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Roboto]] [[es:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Botit]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Bot]] [[he:ויקיפדיה:בוט]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[ja:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[lt:Wikipedia:Botai]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Boty na polskiej Wikipedii]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Coordenação robótica]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[ru:Википедия:Бот]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Robotar]] [[zh:Help:机器人]] 8794 2006-07-11T17:58:46Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: als, ar, cs, eu, fa, gl, hu, id, jv, ko, la, lb, mo, ms, nds, no, sk, sl, sr, te, th, tr, uk, vi Modifie: pl == Liste des bots sur la Wikipedia Lingála == === Bots autorisés et utilisés actuellement === {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | |- {{ligne grise}} |} ''La liste ci-dessous est mise à jour manuellement.'' === Bots non autorisés ou en phase de test et utilisés actuellement === {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Contributions''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | [[User:Robbot|Robbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Robbot|Contributions]] | [[User:Andre Engels|Andre Engels]] | interwiki, homonymies |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] | [[Special:Contributions/Superzerocool|Contributions]] | [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] | interwiki |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Escarbot|Escarbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Escarbot|Contributions]] | [[:fr:User:Vargenau|Vargenau]] | interwiki |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Yurikbot|Yurikbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Yurikbot|Contributions]] | [[:en:User:Yurik|Yurik]] | interwiki |- |} === Anciens bots === ''Ces bots ne sont pas actifs''. {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | [[User:CyeZBot|CyeZBot]] | [[Special:Contributions/CyzeBot|Contributions]] | [[User:CyeZ|CyeZ]] | interwikis |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Guanabot|Guanabot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Guanabot|Contributions]] | [[User:???|???]] | ??? |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:RCbot|RCbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/RCbot|Contributions]] | [[commons:User:Richie|Richie]] | commons? |- {{ligne grise}} |} ===[[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]]=== I request bot status an this wiki in order to update interwikis. *BOT-User: [[User:Superzerocool]] *Test edits [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Superzerocool see here] *The bot uses pywikipedia software and is constantly updated with CVS. ::You have to ask bot status at meta wiki: [[meta:Requests_for_bot_status]] ::Wouldn't it be better to have two aacounts: one for you and one for your bot? It seems that this is also one of the conditions asked by meta. Thank you to support the lingála wiki over the ocean! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:15, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) ::: Yes, It's true about two accounts, but I don't know this language. I understand english and spanish (native language). About meta request, some stewards say me wait a week to community approval. Thanks for your voting. And I will run every days this wiki bot. [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] 20:17, 2 avril 2006 (UTC) ::::There is no problem. The administrators [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] and [[User:Bombo|Bombo]] speak both English an French, Moyogo also Spanish. Ɛɛ means yes, tɛ means no. Thank you for your help and good luck! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:25, 4 avril 2006 (UTC) Today, I request the bot flag in meta. [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] 04:52, 5 avril 2006 (UTC) :The bot has been aproved (!) Thanks for your suporting ;) [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] 18:50, 8 avril 2006 (UTC) ====Ɛɛ==== #--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:15, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) #---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 15:33, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) ====Tɛ==== # [[Category:Wikipedia Bot]] [[als:Wikipedia:Bötli]] [[ar:ويكيبيديا:بوت]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Бот]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Bots]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Bot]] [[de:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια:Bots]] [[en:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Roboto]] [[es:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Bot-ak]] [[fa:ویکی‌پدیا:اتحادیهٔ کارگری ربات‌ها]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Botit]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Bot]] [[gl:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[he:ויקיפדיה:בוט]] [[hu:Wikipédia:Botok]] [[id:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[ja:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[jv:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[ko:위키백과:봇]] [[la:Vicipaedia:Bot]] [[lb:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[lt:Wikipedia:Botai]] [[mo:Wikipedia:Бот]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[no:Wikipedia:Roboter]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Boty]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Coordenação robótica]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[ru:Википедия:Бот]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Bot]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Boti]] [[sr:Википедија:Ботови]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Robotar]] [[te:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[th:วิกิพีเดีย:บอต]] [[tr:Vikipedi:Botlar]] [[uk:Довідка:Роботи]] [[vi:Wikipedia:Robot]] [[zh:Help:机器人]] 9127 2006-08-17T19:24:19Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[ka:ვიკიპედია:ბოტები]], [[nn:Wikipedia:Robotar]], [[rmy:Vikipidiya:Bot]] == Liste des bots sur la Wikipedia Lingála == === Bots autorisés et utilisés actuellement === {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | |- {{ligne grise}} |} ''La liste ci-dessous est mise à jour manuellement.'' === Bots non autorisés ou en phase de test et utilisés actuellement === {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Contributions''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | [[User:Robbot|Robbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Robbot|Contributions]] | [[User:Andre Engels|Andre Engels]] | interwiki, homonymies |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] | [[Special:Contributions/Superzerocool|Contributions]] | [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] | interwiki |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Escarbot|Escarbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Escarbot|Contributions]] | [[:fr:User:Vargenau|Vargenau]] | interwiki |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Yurikbot|Yurikbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Yurikbot|Contributions]] | [[:en:User:Yurik|Yurik]] | interwiki |- |} === Anciens bots === ''Ces bots ne sont pas actifs''. {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | [[User:CyeZBot|CyeZBot]] | [[Special:Contributions/CyzeBot|Contributions]] | [[User:CyeZ|CyeZ]] | interwikis |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Guanabot|Guanabot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Guanabot|Contributions]] | [[User:???|???]] | ??? |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:RCbot|RCbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/RCbot|Contributions]] | [[commons:User:Richie|Richie]] | commons? |- {{ligne grise}} |} ===[[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]]=== I request bot status an this wiki in order to update interwikis. *BOT-User: [[User:Superzerocool]] *Test edits [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Superzerocool see here] *The bot uses pywikipedia software and is constantly updated with CVS. ::You have to ask bot status at meta wiki: [[meta:Requests_for_bot_status]] ::Wouldn't it be better to have two aacounts: one for you and one for your bot? It seems that this is also one of the conditions asked by meta. Thank you to support the lingála wiki over the ocean! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:15, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) ::: Yes, It's true about two accounts, but I don't know this language. I understand english and spanish (native language). About meta request, some stewards say me wait a week to community approval. Thanks for your voting. And I will run every days this wiki bot. [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] 20:17, 2 avril 2006 (UTC) ::::There is no problem. The administrators [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] and [[User:Bombo|Bombo]] speak both English an French, Moyogo also Spanish. Ɛɛ means yes, tɛ means no. Thank you for your help and good luck! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:25, 4 avril 2006 (UTC) Today, I request the bot flag in meta. [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] 04:52, 5 avril 2006 (UTC) :The bot has been aproved (!) Thanks for your suporting ;) [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] 18:50, 8 avril 2006 (UTC) ====Ɛɛ==== #--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:15, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) #---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 15:33, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) ====Tɛ==== # [[Category:Wikipedia Bot]] [[als:Wikipedia:Bötli]] [[ar:ويكيبيديا:بوت]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Бот]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Bots]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Bot]] [[de:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια:Bots]] [[en:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Roboto]] [[es:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Bot-ak]] [[fa:ویکی‌پدیا:اتحادیهٔ کارگری ربات‌ها]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Botit]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Bot]] [[gl:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[he:ויקיפדיה:בוט]] [[hu:Wikipédia:Botok]] [[id:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[ja:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[jv:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[ka:ვიკიპედია:ბოტები]] [[ko:위키백과:봇]] [[la:Vicipaedia:Bot]] [[lb:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[lt:Wikipedia:Botai]] [[mo:Wikipedia:Бот]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[nn:Wikipedia:Robotar]] [[no:Wikipedia:Roboter]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Boty]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Coordenação robótica]] [[rmy:Vikipidiya:Bot]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[ru:Википедия:Бот]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Bot]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Boti]] [[sr:Википедија:Ботови]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Robotar]] [[te:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[th:วิกิพีเดีย:บอต]] [[tr:Vikipedi:Botlar]] [[uk:Довідка:Роботи]] [[vi:Wikipedia:Robot]] [[zh:Help:机器人]] 9167 2006-08-26T11:24:30Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[af:Wikipedia:Robot]] == Liste des bots sur la Wikipedia Lingála == === Bots autorisés et utilisés actuellement === {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | |- {{ligne grise}} |} ''La liste ci-dessous est mise à jour manuellement.'' === Bots non autorisés ou en phase de test et utilisés actuellement === {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Contributions''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | [[User:Robbot|Robbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Robbot|Contributions]] | [[User:Andre Engels|Andre Engels]] | interwiki, homonymies |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] | [[Special:Contributions/Superzerocool|Contributions]] | [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] | interwiki |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Escarbot|Escarbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Escarbot|Contributions]] | [[:fr:User:Vargenau|Vargenau]] | interwiki |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Yurikbot|Yurikbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Yurikbot|Contributions]] | [[:en:User:Yurik|Yurik]] | interwiki |- |} === Anciens bots === ''Ces bots ne sont pas actifs''. {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | [[User:CyeZBot|CyeZBot]] | [[Special:Contributions/CyzeBot|Contributions]] | [[User:CyeZ|CyeZ]] | interwikis |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Guanabot|Guanabot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Guanabot|Contributions]] | [[User:???|???]] | ??? |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:RCbot|RCbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/RCbot|Contributions]] | [[commons:User:Richie|Richie]] | commons? |- {{ligne grise}} |} ===[[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]]=== I request bot status an this wiki in order to update interwikis. *BOT-User: [[User:Superzerocool]] *Test edits [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Superzerocool see here] *The bot uses pywikipedia software and is constantly updated with CVS. ::You have to ask bot status at meta wiki: [[meta:Requests_for_bot_status]] ::Wouldn't it be better to have two aacounts: one for you and one for your bot? It seems that this is also one of the conditions asked by meta. Thank you to support the lingála wiki over the ocean! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:15, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) ::: Yes, It's true about two accounts, but I don't know this language. I understand english and spanish (native language). About meta request, some stewards say me wait a week to community approval. Thanks for your voting. And I will run every days this wiki bot. [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] 20:17, 2 avril 2006 (UTC) ::::There is no problem. The administrators [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] and [[User:Bombo|Bombo]] speak both English an French, Moyogo also Spanish. Ɛɛ means yes, tɛ means no. Thank you for your help and good luck! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:25, 4 avril 2006 (UTC) Today, I request the bot flag in meta. [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] 04:52, 5 avril 2006 (UTC) :The bot has been aproved (!) Thanks for your suporting ;) [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] 18:50, 8 avril 2006 (UTC) ====Ɛɛ==== #--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:15, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) #---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 15:33, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) ====Tɛ==== # [[Category:Wikipedia Bot]] [[af:Wikipedia:Robot]] [[als:Wikipedia:Bötli]] [[ar:ويكيبيديا:بوت]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Бот]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Bots]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Bot]] [[de:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια:Bots]] [[en:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Roboto]] [[es:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Bot-ak]] [[fa:ویکی‌پدیا:اتحادیهٔ کارگری ربات‌ها]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Botit]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Bot]] [[gl:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[he:ויקיפדיה:בוט]] [[hu:Wikipédia:Botok]] [[id:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[ja:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[jv:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[ka:ვიკიპედია:ბოტები]] [[ko:위키백과:봇]] [[la:Vicipaedia:Bot]] [[lb:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[lt:Wikipedia:Botai]] [[mo:Wikipedia:Бот]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[nn:Wikipedia:Robotar]] [[no:Wikipedia:Roboter]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Boty]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Coordenação robótica]] [[rmy:Vikipidiya:Bot]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[ru:Википедия:Бот]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Bot]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Boti]] [[sr:Википедија:Ботови]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Robotar]] [[te:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[th:วิกิพีเดีย:บอต]] [[tr:Vikipedi:Botlar]] [[uk:Довідка:Роботи]] [[vi:Wikipedia:Robot]] [[zh:Help:机器人]] 9196 2006-08-30T08:46:30Z Moyogo 11 /* Ɛɛ */ == Liste des bots sur la Wikipedia Lingála == === Bots autorisés et utilisés actuellement === {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | |- {{ligne grise}} |} ''La liste ci-dessous est mise à jour manuellement.'' === Bots non autorisés ou en phase de test et utilisés actuellement === {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Contributions''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | [[User:Robbot|Robbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Robbot|Contributions]] | [[User:Andre Engels|Andre Engels]] | interwiki, homonymies |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] | [[Special:Contributions/Superzerocool|Contributions]] | [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] | interwiki |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Escarbot|Escarbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Escarbot|Contributions]] | [[:fr:User:Vargenau|Vargenau]] | interwiki |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Yurikbot|Yurikbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Yurikbot|Contributions]] | [[:en:User:Yurik|Yurik]] | interwiki |- |} === Anciens bots === ''Ces bots ne sont pas actifs''. {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | [[User:CyeZBot|CyeZBot]] | [[Special:Contributions/CyzeBot|Contributions]] | [[User:CyeZ|CyeZ]] | interwikis |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Guanabot|Guanabot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Guanabot|Contributions]] | [[User:???|???]] | ??? |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:RCbot|RCbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/RCbot|Contributions]] | [[commons:User:Richie|Richie]] | commons? |- {{ligne grise}} |} ===[[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]]=== I request bot status an this wiki in order to update interwikis. *BOT-User: [[User:Superzerocool]] *Test edits [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Superzerocool see here] *The bot uses pywikipedia software and is constantly updated with CVS. ::You have to ask bot status at meta wiki: [[meta:Requests_for_bot_status]] ::Wouldn't it be better to have two aacounts: one for you and one for your bot? It seems that this is also one of the conditions asked by meta. Thank you to support the lingála wiki over the ocean! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:15, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) ::: Yes, It's true about two accounts, but I don't know this language. I understand english and spanish (native language). About meta request, some stewards say me wait a week to community approval. Thanks for your voting. And I will run every days this wiki bot. [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] 20:17, 2 avril 2006 (UTC) ::::There is no problem. The administrators [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] and [[User:Bombo|Bombo]] speak both English an French, Moyogo also Spanish. Ɛɛ means yes, tɛ means no. Thank you for your help and good luck! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:25, 4 avril 2006 (UTC) Today, I request the bot flag in meta. [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] 04:52, 5 avril 2006 (UTC) :The bot has been aproved (!) Thanks for your suporting ;) [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] 18:50, 8 avril 2006 (UTC) ====Ɛɛ (oui/yes)==== #--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:15, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) #---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 15:33, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) ====Tɛ==== # [[Category:Wikipedia Bot]] [[af:Wikipedia:Robot]] [[als:Wikipedia:Bötli]] [[ar:ويكيبيديا:بوت]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Бот]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Bots]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Bot]] [[de:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια:Bots]] [[en:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Roboto]] [[es:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Bot-ak]] [[fa:ویکی‌پدیا:اتحادیهٔ کارگری ربات‌ها]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Botit]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Bot]] [[gl:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[he:ויקיפדיה:בוט]] [[hu:Wikipédia:Botok]] [[id:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[ja:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[jv:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[ka:ვიკიპედია:ბოტები]] [[ko:위키백과:봇]] [[la:Vicipaedia:Bot]] [[lb:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[lt:Wikipedia:Botai]] [[mo:Wikipedia:Бот]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[nn:Wikipedia:Robotar]] [[no:Wikipedia:Roboter]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Boty]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Coordenação robótica]] [[rmy:Vikipidiya:Bot]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[ru:Википедия:Бот]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Bot]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Boti]] [[sr:Википедија:Ботови]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Robotar]] [[te:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[th:วิกิพีเดีย:บอต]] [[tr:Vikipedi:Botlar]] [[uk:Довідка:Роботи]] [[vi:Wikipedia:Robot]] [[zh:Help:机器人]] 9197 2006-08-30T08:46:43Z Moyogo 11 /* Tɛ */ == Liste des bots sur la Wikipedia Lingála == === Bots autorisés et utilisés actuellement === {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | |- {{ligne grise}} |} ''La liste ci-dessous est mise à jour manuellement.'' === Bots non autorisés ou en phase de test et utilisés actuellement === {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Contributions''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | [[User:Robbot|Robbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Robbot|Contributions]] | [[User:Andre Engels|Andre Engels]] | interwiki, homonymies |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] | [[Special:Contributions/Superzerocool|Contributions]] | [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] | interwiki |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Escarbot|Escarbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Escarbot|Contributions]] | [[:fr:User:Vargenau|Vargenau]] | interwiki |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Yurikbot|Yurikbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Yurikbot|Contributions]] | [[:en:User:Yurik|Yurik]] | interwiki |- |} === Anciens bots === ''Ces bots ne sont pas actifs''. {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | [[User:CyeZBot|CyeZBot]] | [[Special:Contributions/CyzeBot|Contributions]] | [[User:CyeZ|CyeZ]] | interwikis |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Guanabot|Guanabot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Guanabot|Contributions]] | [[User:???|???]] | ??? |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:RCbot|RCbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/RCbot|Contributions]] | [[commons:User:Richie|Richie]] | commons? |- {{ligne grise}} |} ===[[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]]=== I request bot status an this wiki in order to update interwikis. *BOT-User: [[User:Superzerocool]] *Test edits [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Superzerocool see here] *The bot uses pywikipedia software and is constantly updated with CVS. ::You have to ask bot status at meta wiki: [[meta:Requests_for_bot_status]] ::Wouldn't it be better to have two aacounts: one for you and one for your bot? It seems that this is also one of the conditions asked by meta. Thank you to support the lingála wiki over the ocean! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:15, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) ::: Yes, It's true about two accounts, but I don't know this language. I understand english and spanish (native language). About meta request, some stewards say me wait a week to community approval. Thanks for your voting. And I will run every days this wiki bot. [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] 20:17, 2 avril 2006 (UTC) ::::There is no problem. The administrators [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] and [[User:Bombo|Bombo]] speak both English an French, Moyogo also Spanish. Ɛɛ means yes, tɛ means no. Thank you for your help and good luck! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:25, 4 avril 2006 (UTC) Today, I request the bot flag in meta. [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] 04:52, 5 avril 2006 (UTC) :The bot has been aproved (!) Thanks for your suporting ;) [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] 18:50, 8 avril 2006 (UTC) ====Ɛɛ (oui/yes)==== #--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:15, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) #---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 15:33, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) ====Tɛ (non, no)==== # [[Category:Wikipedia Bot]] [[af:Wikipedia:Robot]] [[als:Wikipedia:Bötli]] [[ar:ويكيبيديا:بوت]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Бот]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Bots]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Bot]] [[de:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια:Bots]] [[en:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Roboto]] [[es:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Bot-ak]] [[fa:ویکی‌پدیا:اتحادیهٔ کارگری ربات‌ها]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Botit]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Bot]] [[gl:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[he:ויקיפדיה:בוט]] [[hu:Wikipédia:Botok]] [[id:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[ja:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[jv:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[ka:ვიკიპედია:ბოტები]] [[ko:위키백과:봇]] [[la:Vicipaedia:Bot]] [[lb:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[lt:Wikipedia:Botai]] [[mo:Wikipedia:Бот]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[nn:Wikipedia:Robotar]] [[no:Wikipedia:Roboter]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Boty]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Coordenação robótica]] [[rmy:Vikipidiya:Bot]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[ru:Википедия:Бот]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Bot]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Boti]] [[sr:Википедија:Ботови]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Robotar]] [[te:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[th:วิกิพีเดีย:บอต]] [[tr:Vikipedi:Botlar]] [[uk:Довідка:Роботи]] [[vi:Wikipedia:Robot]] [[zh:Help:机器人]] 9370 2006-09-19T18:23:31Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[an:Wikipedia:Bots]], [[da:Wikipedia:Bots]], [[zh-yue:Wikipedia:機械人]] == Liste des bots sur la Wikipedia Lingála == === Bots autorisés et utilisés actuellement === {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | |- {{ligne grise}} |} ''La liste ci-dessous est mise à jour manuellement.'' === Bots non autorisés ou en phase de test et utilisés actuellement === {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Contributions''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | [[User:Robbot|Robbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Robbot|Contributions]] | [[User:Andre Engels|Andre Engels]] | interwiki, homonymies |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] | [[Special:Contributions/Superzerocool|Contributions]] | [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] | interwiki |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Escarbot|Escarbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Escarbot|Contributions]] | [[:fr:User:Vargenau|Vargenau]] | interwiki |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Yurikbot|Yurikbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Yurikbot|Contributions]] | [[:en:User:Yurik|Yurik]] | interwiki |- |} === Anciens bots === ''Ces bots ne sont pas actifs''. {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | [[User:CyeZBot|CyeZBot]] | [[Special:Contributions/CyzeBot|Contributions]] | [[User:CyeZ|CyeZ]] | interwikis |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Guanabot|Guanabot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Guanabot|Contributions]] | [[User:???|???]] | ??? |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:RCbot|RCbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/RCbot|Contributions]] | [[commons:User:Richie|Richie]] | commons? |- {{ligne grise}} |} ===[[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]]=== I request bot status an this wiki in order to update interwikis. *BOT-User: [[User:Superzerocool]] *Test edits [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Superzerocool see here] *The bot uses pywikipedia software and is constantly updated with CVS. ::You have to ask bot status at meta wiki: [[meta:Requests_for_bot_status]] ::Wouldn't it be better to have two aacounts: one for you and one for your bot? It seems that this is also one of the conditions asked by meta. Thank you to support the lingála wiki over the ocean! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:15, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) ::: Yes, It's true about two accounts, but I don't know this language. I understand english and spanish (native language). About meta request, some stewards say me wait a week to community approval. Thanks for your voting. And I will run every days this wiki bot. [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] 20:17, 2 avril 2006 (UTC) ::::There is no problem. The administrators [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] and [[User:Bombo|Bombo]] speak both English an French, Moyogo also Spanish. Ɛɛ means yes, tɛ means no. Thank you for your help and good luck! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:25, 4 avril 2006 (UTC) Today, I request the bot flag in meta. [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] 04:52, 5 avril 2006 (UTC) :The bot has been aproved (!) Thanks for your suporting ;) [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] 18:50, 8 avril 2006 (UTC) ====Ɛɛ (oui/yes)==== #--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:15, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) #---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 15:33, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) ====Tɛ (non, no)==== # [[Category:Wikipedia Bot]] [[af:Wikipedia:Robot]] [[als:Wikipedia:Bötli]] [[an:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[ar:ويكيبيديا:بوت]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Бот]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Bots]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Bot]] [[da:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[de:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια:Bots]] [[en:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Roboto]] [[es:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Bot-ak]] [[fa:ویکی‌پدیا:اتحادیهٔ کارگری ربات‌ها]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Botit]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Bot]] [[gl:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[he:ויקיפדיה:בוט]] [[hu:Wikipédia:Botok]] [[id:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[ja:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[jv:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[ka:ვიკიპედია:ბოტები]] [[ko:위키백과:봇]] [[la:Vicipaedia:Bot]] [[lb:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[lt:Wikipedia:Botai]] [[mo:Wikipedia:Бот]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[nn:Wikipedia:Robotar]] [[no:Wikipedia:Roboter]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Boty]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Coordenação robótica]] [[rmy:Vikipidiya:Bot]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[ru:Википедия:Бот]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Bot]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Boti]] [[sr:Википедија:Ботови]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Robotar]] [[te:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[th:วิกิพีเดีย:บอต]] [[tr:Vikipedi:Botlar]] [[uk:Довідка:Роботи]] [[vi:Wikipedia:Robot]] [[zh:Help:机器人]] [[zh-yue:Wikipedia:機械人]] 9373 2006-09-22T19:43:55Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[hr:Wikipedija:Botovi]], [[hy:Wikipedia:Բոտ]] == Liste des bots sur la Wikipedia Lingála == === Bots autorisés et utilisés actuellement === {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | |- {{ligne grise}} |} ''La liste ci-dessous est mise à jour manuellement.'' === Bots non autorisés ou en phase de test et utilisés actuellement === {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Contributions''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | [[User:Robbot|Robbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Robbot|Contributions]] | [[User:Andre Engels|Andre Engels]] | interwiki, homonymies |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] | [[Special:Contributions/Superzerocool|Contributions]] | [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] | interwiki |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Escarbot|Escarbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Escarbot|Contributions]] | [[:fr:User:Vargenau|Vargenau]] | interwiki |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Yurikbot|Yurikbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Yurikbot|Contributions]] | [[:en:User:Yurik|Yurik]] | interwiki |- |} === Anciens bots === ''Ces bots ne sont pas actifs''. {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | [[User:CyeZBot|CyeZBot]] | [[Special:Contributions/CyzeBot|Contributions]] | [[User:CyeZ|CyeZ]] | interwikis |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Guanabot|Guanabot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Guanabot|Contributions]] | [[User:???|???]] | ??? |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:RCbot|RCbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/RCbot|Contributions]] | [[commons:User:Richie|Richie]] | commons? |- {{ligne grise}} |} ===[[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]]=== I request bot status an this wiki in order to update interwikis. *BOT-User: [[User:Superzerocool]] *Test edits [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Superzerocool see here] *The bot uses pywikipedia software and is constantly updated with CVS. ::You have to ask bot status at meta wiki: [[meta:Requests_for_bot_status]] ::Wouldn't it be better to have two aacounts: one for you and one for your bot? It seems that this is also one of the conditions asked by meta. Thank you to support the lingála wiki over the ocean! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:15, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) ::: Yes, It's true about two accounts, but I don't know this language. I understand english and spanish (native language). About meta request, some stewards say me wait a week to community approval. Thanks for your voting. And I will run every days this wiki bot. [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] 20:17, 2 avril 2006 (UTC) ::::There is no problem. The administrators [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] and [[User:Bombo|Bombo]] speak both English an French, Moyogo also Spanish. Ɛɛ means yes, tɛ means no. Thank you for your help and good luck! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:25, 4 avril 2006 (UTC) Today, I request the bot flag in meta. [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] 04:52, 5 avril 2006 (UTC) :The bot has been aproved (!) Thanks for your suporting ;) [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] 18:50, 8 avril 2006 (UTC) ====Ɛɛ (oui/yes)==== #--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:15, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) #---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 15:33, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) ====Tɛ (non, no)==== # [[Category:Wikipedia Bot]] [[af:Wikipedia:Robot]] [[als:Wikipedia:Bötli]] [[an:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[ar:ويكيبيديا:بوت]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Бот]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Bots]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Bot]] [[da:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[de:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια:Bots]] [[en:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Roboto]] [[es:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Bot-ak]] [[fa:ویکی‌پدیا:اتحادیهٔ کارگری ربات‌ها]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Botit]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Bot]] [[gl:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[he:ויקיפדיה:בוט]] [[hr:Wikipedija:Botovi]] [[hu:Wikipédia:Botok]] [[hy:Wikipedia:Բոտ]] [[id:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[ja:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[jv:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[ka:ვიკიპედია:ბოტები]] [[ko:위키백과:봇]] [[la:Vicipaedia:Bot]] [[lb:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[lt:Wikipedia:Botai]] [[mo:Wikipedia:Бот]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[nn:Wikipedia:Robotar]] [[no:Wikipedia:Roboter]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Boty]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Coordenação robótica]] [[rmy:Vikipidiya:Bot]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[ru:Википедия:Бот]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Bot]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Boti]] [[sr:Википедија:Ботови]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Robotar]] [[te:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[th:วิกิพีเดีย:บอต]] [[tr:Vikipedi:Botlar]] [[uk:Довідка:Роботи]] [[vi:Wikipedia:Robot]] [[zh:Help:机器人]] [[zh-yue:Wikipedia:機械人]] 9817 2006-11-19T22:35:27Z JAnDbot 85 robot Ajoute: ksh, su, vec, yi Modifie: zh == Liste des bots sur la Wikipedia Lingála == === Bots autorisés et utilisés actuellement === {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | |- {{ligne grise}} |} ''La liste ci-dessous est mise à jour manuellement.'' === Bots non autorisés ou en phase de test et utilisés actuellement === {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Contributions''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | [[User:Robbot|Robbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Robbot|Contributions]] | [[User:Andre Engels|Andre Engels]] | interwiki, homonymies |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] | [[Special:Contributions/Superzerocool|Contributions]] | [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] | interwiki |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Escarbot|Escarbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Escarbot|Contributions]] | [[:fr:User:Vargenau|Vargenau]] | interwiki |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Yurikbot|Yurikbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Yurikbot|Contributions]] | [[:en:User:Yurik|Yurik]] | interwiki |- |} === Anciens bots === ''Ces bots ne sont pas actifs''. {{entête tableau charte}} |'''Nom du bot''' |'''Responsable''' |'''Fonction''' |- | [[User:CyeZBot|CyeZBot]] | [[Special:Contributions/CyzeBot|Contributions]] | [[User:CyeZ|CyeZ]] | interwikis |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:Guanabot|Guanabot]] | [[Special:Contributions/Guanabot|Contributions]] | [[User:???|???]] | ??? |- {{ligne grise}} | [[User:RCbot|RCbot]] | [[Special:Contributions/RCbot|Contributions]] | [[commons:User:Richie|Richie]] | commons? |- {{ligne grise}} |} ===[[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]]=== I request bot status an this wiki in order to update interwikis. *BOT-User: [[User:Superzerocool]] *Test edits [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Superzerocool see here] *The bot uses pywikipedia software and is constantly updated with CVS. ::You have to ask bot status at meta wiki: [[meta:Requests_for_bot_status]] ::Wouldn't it be better to have two aacounts: one for you and one for your bot? It seems that this is also one of the conditions asked by meta. Thank you to support the lingála wiki over the ocean! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:15, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) ::: Yes, It's true about two accounts, but I don't know this language. I understand english and spanish (native language). About meta request, some stewards say me wait a week to community approval. Thanks for your voting. And I will run every days this wiki bot. [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] 20:17, 2 avril 2006 (UTC) ::::There is no problem. The administrators [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] and [[User:Bombo|Bombo]] speak both English an French, Moyogo also Spanish. Ɛɛ means yes, tɛ means no. Thank you for your help and good luck! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:25, 4 avril 2006 (UTC) Today, I request the bot flag in meta. [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] 04:52, 5 avril 2006 (UTC) :The bot has been aproved (!) Thanks for your suporting ;) [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] 18:50, 8 avril 2006 (UTC) ====Ɛɛ (oui/yes)==== #--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:15, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) #---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 15:33, 27 mars 2006 (UTC) ====Tɛ (non, no)==== # [[Category:Wikipedia Bot]] [[af:Wikipedia:Robot]] [[als:Wikipedia:Bötli]] [[an:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[ar:ويكيبيديا:بوت]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Бот]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Bots]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Bot]] [[da:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[de:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια:Bots]] [[en:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Roboto]] [[es:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Bot-ak]] [[fa:ویکی‌پدیا:اتحادیهٔ کارگری ربات‌ها]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Botit]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Bot]] [[gl:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[he:ויקיפדיה:בוט]] [[hr:Wikipedija:Botovi]] [[hu:Wikipédia:Botok]] [[hy:Wikipedia:Բոտ]] [[id:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[it:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[ja:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[jv:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[ka:ვიკიპედია:ბოტები]] [[ko:위키백과:봇]] [[ksh:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[la:Vicipaedia:Bot]] [[lb:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[lt:Wikipedia:Botai]] [[mo:Wikipedia:Бот]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[nn:Wikipedia:Robotar]] [[no:Wikipedia:Roboter]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Boty]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Coordenação robótica]] [[rmy:Vikipidiya:Bot]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[ru:Википедия:Бот]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Bots]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Bot]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Boti]] [[sr:Википедија:Ботови]] [[su:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Robotar]] [[te:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[th:วิกิพีเดีย:บอต]] [[tr:Vikipedi:Botlar]] [[uk:Довідка:Роботи]] [[vec:Wikipedia:Bot]] [[vi:Wikipedia:Robot]] [[yi:װיקיפּעדיע:באט]] [[zh:Wikipedia:机器人]] [[zh-yue:Wikipedia:機械人]] User:Guanabot 1900 6621 2005-11-02T11:57:28Z Bombo 12 ca [[Category:Wikipedia Bot]] Talk:Main Page 1901 6625 2005-11-03T05:01:58Z 211.34.103.125 [http://www.joia.com/images/images/s/temovate.htm temovate][http://www.joia.com/images/images/s/tamiflu.htm tamiflu][http://www.joia.com/images/images/s/synalar.htm synalar][http://www.joia.com/images/images/s/sumycin.htm sumycin][http://www.joia.com/images/images/s/soma.htm soma][http://www.joia.com/images/images/s/prozac.htm prozac] 6626 2005-11-03T07:56:36Z 131.211.104.119 rv Template:Lingála tɛ́ 1905 6673 2005-11-05T05:16:24Z Blockinblox 38 <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px;"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC;" | style="width:150px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt;" | "Cette article n'est pas dans Lingala et peut être déletée." | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em;" | '''"This article is not in Lingala and may be deleted."''' [[Category:Deletion]] |} </div> 6675 2005-11-05T09:37:29Z Moyogo 11 Template:Nolingala moved to Template:Lingála tɛ́ <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px;"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC;" | style="width:150px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt;" | "Cette article n'est pas dans Lingala et peut être déletée." | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em;" | '''"This article is not in Lingala and may be deleted."''' [[Category:Deletion]] |} </div> 6677 2005-11-05T09:44:27Z Moyogo 11 +ln <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px;"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:100%;background:#C5FCDC;" | style="height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt;" | Nkásá óyo ezalí lingála tɛ́, ekokí áwa tɛ́! | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em;" | '''Cette article n'est pas dans lingala et peut être supprimé.''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em;" | '''This article is not in Lingala and may be deleted.''' [[Category:Deletion]] |} </div> 6727 2005-11-05T16:51:08Z Moyogo 11 Cat:Deletion -> lingála tɛ́ <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px;"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:100%;background:#C5FCDC;" | style="height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt;" | Nkásá óyo ezalí lingála tɛ́, ekokí áwa tɛ́! | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em;" | '''Cette article n'est pas dans lingala et peut être supprimé.''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em;" | '''This article is not in Lingala and may be deleted.''' [[Category:lingála tɛ́]] |} </div> 8234 2006-05-25T10:52:27Z Moyogo 11 <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px;"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:100%;background:#C5FCDC;" | style="height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt;" | Nkásá óyo ezalí lingála tɛ́, ekokí áwa tɛ́! | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em;" | '''Cette article n'est pas en lingala et peut être supprimé.''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em;" | '''This article is not in Lingala and may be deleted.''' [[Category:lingála tɛ́]] |} </div> Template:Nolingala 1907 6676 2005-11-05T09:37:29Z Moyogo 11 Template:Nolingala moved to Template:Lingála tɛ́: lingála tɛ́ ;) #REDIRECT [[Template:Lingála tɛ́]] Lingɛlɛsi 1911 6697 2005-11-05T13:28:34Z Moyogo 11 Lingɛlɛsi moved to Lingɛlɛ́sa: ortho Kawata #REDIRECT [[Lingɛlɛ́sa]] Fievre 1913 6709 2005-11-05T16:21:14Z Moyogo 11 Fievre moved to Fɛ́fɛlɛ: lingála tɛ́ #REDIRECT [[Fɛ́fɛlɛ]] Translate:FInterface 1914 6746 2005-11-05T17:45:38Z Blockinblox 38 Translate:FInterface moved to Wikipedia:Traduire Interface: not an article, should not be in (Main) #REDIRECT [[Wikipedia:Traduire Interface]] Translate:Interface 1915 6750 2005-11-05T17:55:27Z Blockinblox 38 Translate:Interface moved to Wikipedia:Translate Interface: Project page, not article #REDIRECT [[Wikipedia:Translate Interface]] User talk:Blockinblox 1916 6752 2005-11-05T17:59:30Z Moyogo 11 Hi, thanks for your help. <br/> Salut, ,erci pour ton aide. <br/> Sango níni, botɔ́ndi mpó na bosálisi ya yɔ́.---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 17:59, 5 novembere 2005 (UTC) 6774 2005-11-07T03:10:02Z Blockinblox 38 Hi, thanks for your help. <br/> Salut, ,erci pour ton aide. <br/> Sango níni, botɔ́ndi mpó na bosálisi ya yɔ́.---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 17:59, 5 novembere 2005 (UTC) ---- *[[:m:Special:Watchlist|Meta watch]] *[[:m:Special:Recentchanges|Meta rc]] *[[:simple:Special:Watchlist|simple watch]] *[[:simple:Special:Recentchanges|simple rc]] *[[:sc:Special:Recentchanges|sard]] *[[:mn:Special:Recentchanges|mon]] Talk:Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa 1917 6756 2005-11-05T18:13:37Z Moyogo 11 Use <nowiki>{{bobóngoli na nkóta}}</nowiki> if you are currently translating an article. Try to stick to one article at a time. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 18:13, 5 novembere 2005 (UTC) 7180 2005-12-04T14:59:39Z Themalau 22 Use <nowiki>{{bobóngoli na nkóta}}</nowiki> if you are currently translating an article. Try to stick to one article at a time. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 18:13, 5 novembere 2005 (UTC) I agree with Moyogo, as I have made the mistake myself several times. I wanted to say that the idea of Wikipedia in Lingala is intended not only for Congolese-K people, but to the very least to people from Angola, the Congolese-B, and Centrafricans. So we cannot say "Banda tozwaki lipanda". We must say banda bana mboka Kongo-K bazwaki lipanda. We must keep the Encyclopedia spirit of Universality. That's my opinion [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 14:59, 4 desembere 2005 (UTC) 7182 2005-12-04T15:17:13Z Moyogo 11 Use <nowiki>{{bobóngoli na nkóta}}</nowiki> if you are currently translating an article. Try to stick to one article at a time. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 18:13, 5 novembere 2005 (UTC) I agree with Moyogo, as I have made the mistake myself several times. I wanted to say that the idea of Wikipedia in Lingala is intended not only for Congolese-K people, but to the very least to people from Angola, the Congolese-B, and Centrafricans. So we cannot say "Banda tozwaki lipanda". We must say banda bana mboka Kongo-K bazwaki lipanda. We must keep the Encyclopedia spirit of Universality. That's my opinion [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 14:59, 4 desembere 2005 (UTC) :Yup, I changed the first line to be more specific as you mentioned. We should not be Congo-Kin centric. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 15:17, 4 desembere 2005 (UTC) Kongo belji 1918 6780 2005-11-07T14:49:57Z 160.85.2.50 img [[Image:Mapcongo1914.jpg|thumb|Kongo belji ya 1914]] 6781 2005-11-07T14:52:30Z 160.85.2.50 elilingi [[Image:Mapcongo1914.jpg|thumb|Kongo belji (1914)]] [[Image:Mapcongo1914-2.jpg|thumb|Kongo belji (1914)]] 7003 2005-11-24T11:18:46Z 160.85.2.50 Category [[Image:Mapcongo1914.jpg|thumb|Kongo belji (1914)]] [[Image:Mapcongo1914-2.jpg|thumb|Kongo belji (1914)]] [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:Historia ya Afrika]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] 7845 2006-03-10T17:55:31Z Bombo 12 interwiki [[Image:Mapcongo1914.jpg|thumb|Kongo belji (1914)]] [[Image:Mapcongo1914-2.jpg|thumb|Kongo belji (1914)]] [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:Historia ya Afrika]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[bg:&#1041;&#1077;&#1083;&#1075;&#1080;&#1081;&#1089;&#1082;&#1086; &#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;]] [[es:Congo Belga]] [[fr:Congo belge]] [[nl: Belgisch Congo]] [[pl:Kongo Belgijskie]] 7846 2006-03-10T17:58:39Z Bombo 12 {{ndámbo}} [[Image:Mapcongo1914.jpg|thumb|Kongo belji (1914)]] [[Image:Mapcongo1914-2.jpg|thumb|Kongo belji (1914)]] ==Tála mpé== * [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́ (Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]] {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:Historia ya Afrika]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[bg:&#1041;&#1077;&#1083;&#1075;&#1080;&#1081;&#1089;&#1082;&#1086; &#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;]] [[es:Congo Belga]] [[fr:Congo belge]] [[nl: Belgisch Congo]] [[pl:Kongo Belgijskie]] 7847 2006-03-10T17:59:08Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Mapcongo1914.jpg|thumb|Kongo belji (1914)]] [[Image:Mapcongo1914-2.jpg|thumb|Kongo belji (1914)]] ==Tála mpé== * [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́ (Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]] {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:Historia ya Afrika]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[bg:&#1041;&#1077;&#1083;&#1075;&#1080;&#1081;&#1089;&#1082;&#1086; &#1050;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;]] [[es:Congo Belga]] [[fr:Congo belge]] [[nl: Belgisch Congo]] [[pl:Kongo Belgijskie]] 7940 2006-04-02T19:24:22Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: de, en, sv Modifie: nl [[Image:Mapcongo1914.jpg|thumb|Kongo belji (1914)]] [[Image:Mapcongo1914-2.jpg|thumb|Kongo belji (1914)]] ==Tála mpé== * [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́ (Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]] {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:Historia ya Afrika]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[bg:Белгийско Конго]] [[de:Geschichte der Demokratischen Republik Kongo#Belgisch-Kongo]] [[en:Belgian Congo]] [[es:Congo Belga]] [[fr:Congo belge]] [[nl:Belgisch Kongo]] [[pl:Kongo Belgijskie]] [[sv:Belgiska Kongo]] Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa 1919 6782 2005-11-07T14:57:29Z 160.85.2.50 [[Image:Mapcongo1914.jpg|thumb|Kongo belji (1914)]] [[Image:Mapcongo1914-2.jpg|thumb|Kongo belji (1914)]] 6783 2005-11-08T10:22:16Z 160.85.2.50 N [[Image:Mapcongo1914.jpg|thumb|Kongo belji (1914)]] [[Image:Mapcongo1914-2.jpg|thumb|Kongo belji (1914)]] Banda tozwaki lipanda na mwa 30 sanza ya motoba mobu [[1960]], Ekolo nsomi ya Kongo ekutani na mikakatano ndenge na ndenge mya politiki mpe myoko mya ntina ya mikakatano mina ezali koboya kondima bokonzi bopesami na mangomba ma boyangeli ekolo mpe bakambi ba bango. Boboyi bwango bobakisami na bitumba ndenge na ndenge biye bibebisi ekolo banda [[1996]] kino [[2003]]. Mpo ya kosukisa seko mikakatano mya mbala na mbala mitali mambi ma bokonzi mpe kopesa na ekolo konzo ya komitonga, bantoma ba politiki mpe baye ba mangomba ma bato, masanga ma bato banso ba ekolo, bakutani na [[Lisolo linene lya bana Kongo]] (DIC) mpe bandimi na boyokani bonene bwa bato banso, botiami maboko na [[Pretoria]], [[Afrika ya Sudi]], mwa 17 sanza ya zomi na mibale [[2002]], mpo ya boluki kotia mabongisi ma sika ma politiki mauti na [[Mobeko Likonzi]] mwa sika mpe ya bonsomi, epai wapi bana ba Ekolo Kongo bakoki kopona na bonsomi bakonzi ba bango, nsima ya maponami ma bosembo ma bato banso, ma polele mpe ma solo. Mpo ya kolakisa politiki ya mpiko eye emonani na bantoma, na Lisolo linene lya bana Congo, Lingomba lya Babongisi mibeko liuti, na Boyokani bonene bwa bato banso, engebene na atikele 104 ya [[Mobeko Likonzi mwa bwakali]], mwango mwa liboso mwa [[Mobeko Likonzi mwa sika]] na Lingomba lya Bantoma ba Ekolo liye Lindimi yango lokola mwango mwa Mobeko Likonzi moye motiami na etuneli ya bato banso. 6789 2005-11-08T11:15:03Z Bombo 12 Mpo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa moved to Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa [[Image:Mapcongo1914.jpg|thumb|Kongo belji (1914)]] [[Image:Mapcongo1914-2.jpg|thumb|Kongo belji (1914)]] Banda tozwaki lipanda na mwa 30 sanza ya motoba mobu [[1960]], Ekolo nsomi ya Kongo ekutani na mikakatano ndenge na ndenge mya politiki mpe myoko mya ntina ya mikakatano mina ezali koboya kondima bokonzi bopesami na mangomba ma boyangeli ekolo mpe bakambi ba bango. Boboyi bwango bobakisami na bitumba ndenge na ndenge biye bibebisi ekolo banda [[1996]] kino [[2003]]. Mpo ya kosukisa seko mikakatano mya mbala na mbala mitali mambi ma bokonzi mpe kopesa na ekolo konzo ya komitonga, bantoma ba politiki mpe baye ba mangomba ma bato, masanga ma bato banso ba ekolo, bakutani na [[Lisolo linene lya bana Kongo]] (DIC) mpe bandimi na boyokani bonene bwa bato banso, botiami maboko na [[Pretoria]], [[Afrika ya Sudi]], mwa 17 sanza ya zomi na mibale [[2002]], mpo ya boluki kotia mabongisi ma sika ma politiki mauti na [[Mobeko Likonzi]] mwa sika mpe ya bonsomi, epai wapi bana ba Ekolo Kongo bakoki kopona na bonsomi bakonzi ba bango, nsima ya maponami ma bosembo ma bato banso, ma polele mpe ma solo. Mpo ya kolakisa politiki ya mpiko eye emonani na bantoma, na Lisolo linene lya bana Congo, Lingomba lya Babongisi mibeko liuti, na Boyokani bonene bwa bato banso, engebene na atikele 104 ya [[Mobeko Likonzi mwa bwakali]], mwango mwa liboso mwa [[Mobeko Likonzi mwa sika]] na Lingomba lya Bantoma ba Ekolo liye Lindimi yango lokola mwango mwa Mobeko Likonzi moye motiami na etuneli ya bato banso. 6791 2005-11-08T11:15:33Z Bombo 12 Banda tozwaki lipanda na mwa 30 sanza ya motoba mobu [[1960]], Ekolo nsomi ya Kongo ekutani na mikakatano ndenge na ndenge mya politiki mpe myoko mya ntina ya mikakatano mina ezali koboya kondima bokonzi bopesami na mangomba ma boyangeli ekolo mpe bakambi ba bango. Boboyi bwango bobakisami na bitumba ndenge na ndenge biye bibebisi ekolo banda [[1996]] kino [[2003]]. Mpo ya kosukisa seko mikakatano mya mbala na mbala mitali mambi ma bokonzi mpe kopesa na ekolo konzo ya komitonga, bantoma ba politiki mpe baye ba mangomba ma bato, masanga ma bato banso ba ekolo, bakutani na [[Lisolo linene lya bana Kongo]] (DIC) mpe bandimi na boyokani bonene bwa bato banso, botiami maboko na [[Pretoria]], [[Afrika ya Sudi]], mwa 17 sanza ya zomi na mibale [[2002]], mpo ya boluki kotia mabongisi ma sika ma politiki mauti na [[Mobeko Likonzi]] mwa sika mpe ya bonsomi, epai wapi bana ba Ekolo Kongo bakoki kopona na bonsomi bakonzi ba bango, nsima ya maponami ma bosembo ma bato banso, ma polele mpe ma solo. Mpo ya kolakisa politiki ya mpiko eye emonani na bantoma, na Lisolo linene lya bana Congo, Lingomba lya Babongisi mibeko liuti, na Boyokani bonene bwa bato banso, engebene na atikele 104 ya [[Mobeko Likonzi mwa bwakali]], mwango mwa liboso mwa [[Mobeko Likonzi mwa sika]] na Lingomba lya Bantoma ba Ekolo liye Lindimi yango lokola mwango mwa Mobeko Likonzi moye motiami na etuneli ya bato banso. 6794 2005-11-08T11:29:37Z Bombo 12 cat, interwiki Banda tozwaki lipanda na mwa 30 sanza ya motoba mobu [[1960]], Ekolo nsomi ya Kongo ekutani na mikakatano ndenge na ndenge mya politiki mpe myoko mya ntina ya mikakatano mina ezali koboya kondima bokonzi bopesami na mangomba ma boyangeli ekolo mpe bakambi ba bango. Boboyi bwango bobakisami na bitumba ndenge na ndenge biye bibebisi ekolo banda [[1996]] kino [[2003]]. Mpo ya kosukisa seko mikakatano mya mbala na mbala mitali mambi ma bokonzi mpe kopesa na ekolo konzo ya komitonga, bantoma ba politiki mpe baye ba mangomba ma bato, masanga ma bato banso ba ekolo, bakutani na [[Lisolo linene lya bana Kongo]] (DIC) mpe bandimi na boyokani bonene bwa bato banso, botiami maboko na [[Pretoria]], [[Afrika ya Sudi]], mwa 17 sanza ya zomi na mibale [[2002]], mpo ya boluki kotia mabongisi ma sika ma politiki mauti na [[Mobeko Likonzi]] mwa sika mpe ya bonsomi, epai wapi bana ba Ekolo Kongo bakoki kopona na bonsomi bakonzi ba bango, nsima ya maponami ma bosembo ma bato banso, ma polele mpe ma solo. Mpo ya kolakisa politiki ya mpiko eye emonani na bantoma, na Lisolo linene lya bana Congo, Lingomba lya Babongisi mibeko liuti, na Boyokani bonene bwa bato banso, engebene na atikele 104 ya [[Mobeko Likonzi mwa bwakali]], mwango mwa liboso mwa [[Mobeko Likonzi mwa sika]] na Lingomba lya Bantoma ba Ekolo liye Lindimi yango lokola mwango mwa Mobeko Likonzi moye motiami na etuneli ya bato banso. [[fr:Politique_de_la_République_démocratique_du_Congo]] [[en:Politics_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo]] [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] 6879 2005-11-11T23:08:42Z Moyogo 11 Banda tozwaki lipanda na mwa 30 sanza ya motoba mobu [[1960]], Ekolo nsomi ya Kongo ekutani na mikakatano ndenge na ndenge mya politiki mpe myoko mya ntina ya mikakatano mina ezali koboya kondima bokonzi bopesami na mangomba ma boyangeli ekolo mpe bakambi ba bango. Boboyi bwango bobakisami na bitumba ndenge na ndenge biye bibebisi ekolo banda [[1996]] kino [[2003]]. Mpo ya kosukisa seko mikakatano mya mbala na mbala mitali mambi ma bokonzi mpe kopesa na ekolo konzo ya komitonga, bantoma ba politiki mpe baye ba mangomba ma bato, masanga ma bato banso ba ekolo, bakutani na [[Lisolo linene lya bana Kongo]] (DIC) mpe bandimi na boyokani bonene bwa bato banso, botiami maboko na [[Pretoria]], [[Afrika ya Sudi]], mwa 17 sanza ya zomi na mibale [[2002]], mpo ya boluki kotia mabongisi ma sika ma politiki mauti na [[Mobeko Likonzi]] mwa sika mpe ya bonsomi, epai wapi bana ba Ekolo Kongo bakoki kopona na bonsomi bakonzi ba bango, nsima ya maponami ma bosembo ma bato banso, ma polele mpe ma solo. Mpo ya kolakisa politiki ya mpiko eye emonani na bantoma, na Lisolo linene lya bana Congo, Lingomba lya Babongisi mibeko liuti, na Boyokani bonene bwa bato banso, engebene na atikele 104 ya [[Mobeko Likonzi mwa bwakali]], mwango mwa liboso mwa [[Mobeko Likonzi mwa sika]] na Lingomba lya Bantoma ba Ekolo liye Lindimi yango lokola mwango mwa Mobeko Likonzi moye motiami na etuneli ya bato banso. [[fr:Politique_de_la_République_démocratique_du_Congo]] [[en:Politics_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo]] [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Politiki bya Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] 6906 2005-11-17T12:13:27Z Bombo 12 Banda tozwaki lipanda na mwa [[30 yuni]] [[1960]], Ekolo nsomi ya Kongo ekutani na mikakatano ndenge na ndenge mya politiki mpe myoko mya ntina ya mikakatano mina ezali koboya kondima bokonzi bopesami na mangomba ma boyangeli ekolo mpe bakambi ba bango. Boboyi bwango bobakisami na bitumba ndenge na ndenge biye bibebisi ekolo banda [[1996]] kino [[2003]]. Mpo ya kosukisa seko mikakatano mya mbala na mbala mitali mambi ma bokonzi mpe kopesa na ekolo konzo ya komitonga, bantoma ba politiki mpe baye ba mangomba ma bato, masanga ma bato banso ba ekolo, bakutani na [[Lisolo linene lya bana Kongo]] (DIC) mpe bandimi na boyokani bonene bwa bato banso, botiami maboko na [[Pretoria]], [[Afrika ya Sudi]], mwa [[17 febuari]] [[2002]], mpo ya boluki kotia mabongisi ma sika ma politiki mauti na [[Mobeko Likonzi]] mwa sika mpe ya bonsomi, epai wapi bana ba Ekolo Kongo bakoki kopona na bonsomi bakonzi ba bango, nsima ya maponami ma bosembo ma bato banso, ma polele mpe ma solo. Mpo ya kolakisa politiki ya mpiko eye emonani na bantoma, na Lisolo linene lya bana Congo, Lingomba lya Babongisi mibeko liuti, na Boyokani bonene bwa bato banso, engebene na atikele 104 ya [[Mobeko Likonzi mwa bwakali]], mwango mwa liboso mwa [[Mobeko Likonzi mwa sika]] na Lingomba lya Bantoma ba Ekolo liye Lindimi yango lokola mwango mwa Mobeko Likonzi moye motiami na etuneli ya bato banso. [[fr:Politique_de_la_République_démocratique_du_Congo]] [[en:Politics_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo]] [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Politiki bya Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] 7181 2005-12-04T15:15:40Z Moyogo 11 Kɔ́ngɔ-Kin Banda bana mboka Kongo-Kinshasa bazwaki lipanda na mwa [[30 yuni]] [[1960]], Ekolo nsomi ya Kongo ekutani na mikakatano ndenge na ndenge mya politiki mpe myoko mya ntina ya mikakatano mina ezali koboya kondima bokonzi bopesami na mangomba ma boyangeli ekolo mpe bakambi ba bango. Boboyi bwango bobakisami na bitumba ndenge na ndenge biye bibebisi ekolo banda [[1996]] kino [[2003]]. Mpo ya kosukisa seko mikakatano mya mbala na mbala mitali mambi ma bokonzi mpe kopesa na ekolo konzo ya komitonga, bantoma ba politiki mpe baye ba mangomba ma bato, masanga ma bato banso ba ekolo, bakutani na [[Lisolo linene lya bana Kongo]] (DIC) mpe bandimi na boyokani bonene bwa bato banso, botiami maboko na [[Pretoria]], [[Afrika ya Sudi]], mwa [[17 febuari]] [[2002]], mpo ya boluki kotia mabongisi ma sika ma politiki mauti na [[Mobeko Likonzi]] mwa sika mpe ya bonsomi, epai wapi bana ba Ekolo Kongo bakoki kopona na bonsomi bakonzi ba bango, nsima ya maponami ma bosembo ma bato banso, ma polele mpe ma solo. Mpo ya kolakisa politiki ya mpiko eye emonani na bantoma, na Lisolo linene lya bana Congo, Lingomba lya Babongisi mibeko liuti, na Boyokani bonene bwa bato banso, engebene na atikele 104 ya [[Mobeko Likonzi mwa bwakali]], mwango mwa liboso mwa [[Mobeko Likonzi mwa sika]] na Lingomba lya Bantoma ba Ekolo liye Lindimi yango lokola mwango mwa Mobeko Likonzi moye motiami na etuneli ya bato banso. [[fr:Politique_de_la_République_démocratique_du_Congo]] [[en:Politics_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo]] [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Politiki bya Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] 9112 2006-08-15T11:07:55Z Moyogo 11 Banda bana mboka Kongo-Kinshasa bazwaki lipanda na mwa [[30 yuni]] [[1960]], Ekolo nsomi ya Kongo ekutani na mikakatano ndenge na ndenge mya politiki mpe myoko mya ntina ya mikakatano mina ezali koboya kondima bokonzi bopesami na mangomba ma boyangeli ekolo mpe bakambi ba bango. Boboyi bwango bobakisami na bitumba ndenge na ndenge biye bibebisi ekolo banda [[1996]] kino [[2003]]. Mpo ya kosukisa seko mikakatano mya mbala na mbala mitali mambi ma bokonzi mpe kopesa na ekolo konzo ya komitonga, bantoma ba politiki mpe baye ba mangomba ma bato, masanga ma bato banso ba ekolo, bakutani na [[Lisolo linene lya bana Kongo]] (DIC) mpe bandimi na boyokani bonene bwa bato banso, botiami maboko na [[Pretoria]], [[Afrika ya Sudi]], mwa [[17 febuari]] [[2002]], mpo ya boluki kotia mabongisi ma sika ma politiki mauti na [[Mobeko Likonzi]] mwa sika mpe ya bonsomi, epai wapi bana ba Ekolo Kongo bakoki kopona na bonsomi bakonzi ba bango, nsima ya maponami ma bosembo ma bato banso, ma polele mpe ma solo. Mpo ya kolakisa politiki ya mpiko eye emonani na bantoma, na Lisolo linene lya bana Congo, Lingomba lya Babongisi mibeko liuti, na Boyokani bonene bwa bato banso, engebene na atikele 104 ya [[Mobeko Likonzi mwa bwakali]], mwango mwa liboso mwa [[Mobeko Likonzi mwa sika]] na Lingomba lya Bantoma ba Ekolo liye Lindimi yango lokola mwango mwa Mobeko Likonzi moye motiami na etuneli ya bato banso. [[fr:Politique_de_la_République_démocratique_du_Congo]] [[en:Politics_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Politiki bya Kongo-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] Mobeko Likonzi mwa sika mwa Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki 1920 6784 2005-11-08T10:51:29Z 160.85.2.50 '''Mobeko Likonzi mwa sika (2005)''' ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] moye mondimami, motali makambo manene maye: ==Mabi matali ekolo mpe bokonzi== Mpo ya kolendisa bomoko bwa Ekolo boye bobebi na bitumba ndenge na ndenge mpe mpo ya kotonga bisika bia bwanya mpe bya botomboli mboka ike, bantoma bakaboli ekolo Kongo na bingumba 25, bakisa engumba ya [[Kinshasa]], binso biye bizali na makoki ma komiyangela eyebani na mobeko mpe kosala misala milongobani mitangemi na [[Mobeko Likonzi]] moye. Na botali makoki mana, bingumba bikosala misala misusu misengeli kosalema na Mbula Matari ya Ekolo, mpe kokabola misolo miyingeli na sanduku ya Ekolo na Mbula Matari zambi ya eteni ntuku minei likolo ya mokama (40%) mpo ya bingumba, mpe eteni ntuku motoba likolo ya mokama (60%) mpo ya Mbula Matari. Soki boyokani bozangi na esaleli kati ya [[Mbula Matari]] ya ekolo mpe bingumba, Ndako ya basambisi ba Mobeko Likonzi yango moko ezali na bokonzi bwa kobongisa likambo lina. Na yango, bingumba bya ekolo bikonzami na Mbula Matari mpe [[Lingomba lya Bantoma]] ba bingumba. Engumba yoko yoko ezali na bituka bikonzami yango moko lokola vili, komine, seketele mpe sefeli. Lisusu, Mobeko Likonzi moye mondimi makanisi ma bonsomi mpe molobi: bokonzi bonso bouti na bana-ekolo mpo bango nde ntina ya ebandeli ya bokonzi. Bana-ekolo bakopesa makanisi ma bango na kati ya mangomba mayike ma politiki, maye mabatelami na Mobeko Likonzi moye mondimi ete kosala lingomba lya politiki se moko ezali lokola kobuka mobeko mwa koteka ekolo. Na maye matali bonsomi bwa ekolo, basali mibeko bandimi makanisi ma kozala na bonsomi se moko mpe kaka moko mpo ya bana Kongo. ==Mambi ma bomoto, bonsomi bwa ntina mpe ntomo ya mwana ekolo mpe mambi ma leta== Mosali mibeko azali lisusu kondima bopesi Ekolo Nsomi ya Kongo makoki ma bato mpe bonsomi bwa ntina engebene na mibeko mya solo mya molongo esili kondima. Na yango akotisi makoki mpe bonsomi bona na kati ya Mobeko Likonzi. Yango wana, zambi ya mbongwana ya mambi ma mokili, Mobeko Likonzi moye mokotisi makanisi manene ma sika matali bokokani bwa mobali mpe mwasi. ==Mambi ma bobonsisi mpe esaleli ya bokonzi== Bituluku bia bokonzi bwa sika na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Ekolo Nsomi ya Kongo]] byango biye: *[[Mokonzi wa Ekolo]] *[[Lingomba lya bantoma ba Ekolo]] *[[Mbula Matari]] *[[Ndako ya basambisi]] mpe [[bakati makambo]] Makanisi manene maye mazali kokamba bobongisi bituluku bina mango maye. * 1. kobongisa esaleli elamu ya bituluku bia Leta * 2. koboya matata to mikakatano * 3. kotelemisa [[ekolo ya bosembo]] * 4. kopekisa masenginya ma koyangela ekolo na lolenge ya moto ye moko * 5. kopesa ndanga ya koyangela [[ekolo na ndenge ya malamu]] * 6. kopesa etumbu na moto nyonso asali mbeba * 7. kondima bokaboli bokonzi na ndenge ya likelemba na maponami. Yango wana, eleko ya mosala mwa Mokonzi wa Ekolo ekoki kozonga se mbala moko, kasi lisusu Mokonzi wa Ekolo azali na makoki ma kobatela Mobeko Likonzi, bonsomi bwa ekolo, etando mobimba ya ekolo, bokonzi bwa ekolo, botosi mibembano mpe boyokani na molongo mpe akozala mobongisi mpe mosemboli esaleli elamu ya bituluku bya ekolo, na lisalisi lya Mbula Matari mpe na bososoli bwa Lingomba lya Bantoma. Bikela bya solo biye, Mokonzi wa Ekolo akotia maboko mpo ya mambi matali Mbula Matari to maye makambemi na Baminisele, bisengeli kozwa elembo ya [[Minisele wa yambo]] mpe, ntango mosusu, ya [[Minisele|Baminisele]], baye basengeli kosalela mpe kondima mokumba mona liboso lya Lingomba lya Bantoma. Mingi mpenza makambo matali bapaya, bobateli mpe bokengi bwa ekolo, maye mazalaki liboso se na maboko ma Mokonzi wa Ekolo, makomi mambi ma boyokani. Kasi, Mbula Matari, na bokasi bwa Minisele wa Yambo azali nkolo mpe motambwisi wa politiki ya ekolo, eye akobongisa na boyokani na Mokonzi wa Ekolo. Azali na mokumba mwa kotanga misala mia ye liboso lya Lingomba lya Bantoma liye, lisanga, likoki kopesa ye etumbu na ndenge ya bopaleli ye. Lingomba lya Bantoma likoki lisusu kotatola libunga yoko yoko ya bakambi ba Mbula Matari na nzela ya mokanda mwa bokebisi. Na bosangani na likita linene, Lingomba lya bantoma-basali mpe lya babongisi mibeko, lizali na makoki ma kofunda Mokonzi wa Ekolo mpe Minisele wa yambo liboso lya Ndako ya bazuzi ba Mobeko Likonzi, mingi mpenza na libunga linene lya boteki ekolo mpe boyebi mabe makoki kobebisa ekolo. Epai mosusu, na ntina ya makoki ma bokonzi mapesami na basali mibeko mpe na makoki ma kolanda misala mia Mbula Matari, bantoma ba ekolo bazali o likolo lya mibeko te; matomba ma bango makoki kolongwa mpe lingomba lya bantoma likoki kokufa na mobeko mwa Mokonzi wa Ekolo, soki mikakatano mizali kosila te kati na bango mpe Mbula Matari wa ekolo. Mobeko Likonzi moye mondimi lisusu bonsomi bwa bokonzi bwa bazuzi boye, basambisi banso bakambemi na Lisanga linene lya mambi matali bosembo lisangisi se basambisi mpe bakati makambo. Mpo ya bolamu bwa solo, bwanya mpe botambwisi na lombangu mikanda mia bato babuki mibeko, Ndako ya basambisi mpe bakati makambo ekabwani na biteni misato biye : * biyangeli bitali mambi ma bosambisi maye makonzami na ndako ya esambelo ya nsuka * biyangeli bia misala mia ekolo ekambemi na Lisanga lya leta * Ndako ya bosambisi mambi ma Mobeko Likonzi Mabongisi ma ntina ma Mobeko Likonzi, makoyebisa polele ndelo ya misala mia Mbula Matari mpe bingumba mpe lisusu esika ya bokutani kati ya bingumba bibale bia leta. Mpo ya kotia boyokani bolamu kati ya bingumba mpe Mbula Matari ya ekolo, likita lya bakonzi ba bingumba lisalemi na bokambemi bwa Mokonzi wa Ekolo oyo azali na mosala mwa kopesa toli na bingumba binso mibale. Se bongo, lotomo ya boyokani kati ya bingumba bia ekolo lotindi kosala sanduku ya ekolo ya bokaboli malamu misolo, etiami na boyangeli bwa Mbula Matari ya ekolo. Na botalaka bonene mpe makambo ndenge na ndenge ma botomboli nkita mpe bomoi bwa bato maye Ekolo Nsomi ya Kongo ezali kokutana na yango, mosali mibeko asali Lisanga lya nkita mpe lya bato liye lipesami lotomo ya kopesa makanisi ma mambi ma nkita mpe ma bato na Mokonzi wa Ekolo, na lingomba lya bantoma mpe lya Mbula Matari ya ekolo. Mpo ya kobatela bonsomi bwa Ekolo Nsomi ya Kongo, Mobeko Likonzi moye moponi bituluku mibale mpo ya lisalisi lya bonsomi bwa bato mingi mpenza Lisanga lya maponami na bonsomi lipesami seko manaka ma kobongisa maponami bakisa Lisanga linene lya lolaka, botali mpe bopanzi nsango, liye lizali na lotomo ya kopesa bonsomi mpe kobatela mambi na zulunalo mpe nzela inso ya bopanzi sango na bato banso engebene na botosi mibeko. ==Mambi ma bobongoli mobeko likonzi== Mpo ya kobatela mambi ma boyangeli ekolo mauti na bato, maye matiami na Mobeko Likonzi moye, zambi ya mikakatano mia bomoi bwa politiki mpe mia mbongwana ndenge na ndenge, mabongisi matali lolenge ya boyangeli ekolo mauti na bato, ya mobeko mwa boponi bwa bato banso, ya bingumba binso bimonana na Mbula Matari, ya motuya mpe eleko ya boumeli na mosala mwa Mokonzi wa Ekolo, ya bonsomi bwa bokonzi bwa kosambisa mpe kokata makambo, ya boyike bwa mangomba ma politiki mpe ma sendika, makoki ata moke te kobongwama. 6787 2005-11-08T11:00:47Z Bombo 12 /* Mambi ma bobongoli mobeko likonzi */ Nkásá o libanda Wikipedia '''Mobeko Likonzi mwa sika (2005)''' ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] moye mondimami, motali makambo manene maye: ==Mabi matali ekolo mpe bokonzi== Mpo ya kolendisa bomoko bwa Ekolo boye bobebi na bitumba ndenge na ndenge mpe mpo ya kotonga bisika bia bwanya mpe bya botomboli mboka ike, bantoma bakaboli ekolo Kongo na bingumba 25, bakisa engumba ya [[Kinshasa]], binso biye bizali na makoki ma komiyangela eyebani na mobeko mpe kosala misala milongobani mitangemi na [[Mobeko Likonzi]] moye. Na botali makoki mana, bingumba bikosala misala misusu misengeli kosalema na Mbula Matari ya Ekolo, mpe kokabola misolo miyingeli na sanduku ya Ekolo na Mbula Matari zambi ya eteni ntuku minei likolo ya mokama (40%) mpo ya bingumba, mpe eteni ntuku motoba likolo ya mokama (60%) mpo ya Mbula Matari. Soki boyokani bozangi na esaleli kati ya [[Mbula Matari]] ya ekolo mpe bingumba, Ndako ya basambisi ba Mobeko Likonzi yango moko ezali na bokonzi bwa kobongisa likambo lina. Na yango, bingumba bya ekolo bikonzami na Mbula Matari mpe [[Lingomba lya Bantoma]] ba bingumba. Engumba yoko yoko ezali na bituka bikonzami yango moko lokola vili, komine, seketele mpe sefeli. Lisusu, Mobeko Likonzi moye mondimi makanisi ma bonsomi mpe molobi: bokonzi bonso bouti na bana-ekolo mpo bango nde ntina ya ebandeli ya bokonzi. Bana-ekolo bakopesa makanisi ma bango na kati ya mangomba mayike ma politiki, maye mabatelami na Mobeko Likonzi moye mondimi ete kosala lingomba lya politiki se moko ezali lokola kobuka mobeko mwa koteka ekolo. Na maye matali bonsomi bwa ekolo, basali mibeko bandimi makanisi ma kozala na bonsomi se moko mpe kaka moko mpo ya bana Kongo. ==Mambi ma bomoto, bonsomi bwa ntina mpe ntomo ya mwana ekolo mpe mambi ma leta== Mosali mibeko azali lisusu kondima bopesi Ekolo Nsomi ya Kongo makoki ma bato mpe bonsomi bwa ntina engebene na mibeko mya solo mya molongo esili kondima. Na yango akotisi makoki mpe bonsomi bona na kati ya Mobeko Likonzi. Yango wana, zambi ya mbongwana ya mambi ma mokili, Mobeko Likonzi moye mokotisi makanisi manene ma sika matali bokokani bwa mobali mpe mwasi. ==Mambi ma bobonsisi mpe esaleli ya bokonzi== Bituluku bia bokonzi bwa sika na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Ekolo Nsomi ya Kongo]] byango biye: *[[Mokonzi wa Ekolo]] *[[Lingomba lya bantoma ba Ekolo]] *[[Mbula Matari]] *[[Ndako ya basambisi]] mpe [[bakati makambo]] Makanisi manene maye mazali kokamba bobongisi bituluku bina mango maye. * 1. kobongisa esaleli elamu ya bituluku bia Leta * 2. koboya matata to mikakatano * 3. kotelemisa [[ekolo ya bosembo]] * 4. kopekisa masenginya ma koyangela ekolo na lolenge ya moto ye moko * 5. kopesa ndanga ya koyangela [[ekolo na ndenge ya malamu]] * 6. kopesa etumbu na moto nyonso asali mbeba * 7. kondima bokaboli bokonzi na ndenge ya likelemba na maponami. Yango wana, eleko ya mosala mwa Mokonzi wa Ekolo ekoki kozonga se mbala moko, kasi lisusu Mokonzi wa Ekolo azali na makoki ma kobatela Mobeko Likonzi, bonsomi bwa ekolo, etando mobimba ya ekolo, bokonzi bwa ekolo, botosi mibembano mpe boyokani na molongo mpe akozala mobongisi mpe mosemboli esaleli elamu ya bituluku bya ekolo, na lisalisi lya Mbula Matari mpe na bososoli bwa Lingomba lya Bantoma. Bikela bya solo biye, Mokonzi wa Ekolo akotia maboko mpo ya mambi matali Mbula Matari to maye makambemi na Baminisele, bisengeli kozwa elembo ya [[Minisele wa yambo]] mpe, ntango mosusu, ya [[Minisele|Baminisele]], baye basengeli kosalela mpe kondima mokumba mona liboso lya Lingomba lya Bantoma. Mingi mpenza makambo matali bapaya, bobateli mpe bokengi bwa ekolo, maye mazalaki liboso se na maboko ma Mokonzi wa Ekolo, makomi mambi ma boyokani. Kasi, Mbula Matari, na bokasi bwa Minisele wa Yambo azali nkolo mpe motambwisi wa politiki ya ekolo, eye akobongisa na boyokani na Mokonzi wa Ekolo. Azali na mokumba mwa kotanga misala mia ye liboso lya Lingomba lya Bantoma liye, lisanga, likoki kopesa ye etumbu na ndenge ya bopaleli ye. Lingomba lya Bantoma likoki lisusu kotatola libunga yoko yoko ya bakambi ba Mbula Matari na nzela ya mokanda mwa bokebisi. Na bosangani na likita linene, Lingomba lya bantoma-basali mpe lya babongisi mibeko, lizali na makoki ma kofunda Mokonzi wa Ekolo mpe Minisele wa yambo liboso lya Ndako ya bazuzi ba Mobeko Likonzi, mingi mpenza na libunga linene lya boteki ekolo mpe boyebi mabe makoki kobebisa ekolo. Epai mosusu, na ntina ya makoki ma bokonzi mapesami na basali mibeko mpe na makoki ma kolanda misala mia Mbula Matari, bantoma ba ekolo bazali o likolo lya mibeko te; matomba ma bango makoki kolongwa mpe lingomba lya bantoma likoki kokufa na mobeko mwa Mokonzi wa Ekolo, soki mikakatano mizali kosila te kati na bango mpe Mbula Matari wa ekolo. Mobeko Likonzi moye mondimi lisusu bonsomi bwa bokonzi bwa bazuzi boye, basambisi banso bakambemi na Lisanga linene lya mambi matali bosembo lisangisi se basambisi mpe bakati makambo. Mpo ya bolamu bwa solo, bwanya mpe botambwisi na lombangu mikanda mia bato babuki mibeko, Ndako ya basambisi mpe bakati makambo ekabwani na biteni misato biye : * biyangeli bitali mambi ma bosambisi maye makonzami na ndako ya esambelo ya nsuka * biyangeli bia misala mia ekolo ekambemi na Lisanga lya leta * Ndako ya bosambisi mambi ma Mobeko Likonzi Mabongisi ma ntina ma Mobeko Likonzi, makoyebisa polele ndelo ya misala mia Mbula Matari mpe bingumba mpe lisusu esika ya bokutani kati ya bingumba bibale bia leta. Mpo ya kotia boyokani bolamu kati ya bingumba mpe Mbula Matari ya ekolo, likita lya bakonzi ba bingumba lisalemi na bokambemi bwa Mokonzi wa Ekolo oyo azali na mosala mwa kopesa toli na bingumba binso mibale. Se bongo, lotomo ya boyokani kati ya bingumba bia ekolo lotindi kosala sanduku ya ekolo ya bokaboli malamu misolo, etiami na boyangeli bwa Mbula Matari ya ekolo. Na botalaka bonene mpe makambo ndenge na ndenge ma botomboli nkita mpe bomoi bwa bato maye Ekolo Nsomi ya Kongo ezali kokutana na yango, mosali mibeko asali Lisanga lya nkita mpe lya bato liye lipesami lotomo ya kopesa makanisi ma mambi ma nkita mpe ma bato na Mokonzi wa Ekolo, na lingomba lya bantoma mpe lya Mbula Matari ya ekolo. Mpo ya kobatela bonsomi bwa Ekolo Nsomi ya Kongo, Mobeko Likonzi moye moponi bituluku mibale mpo ya lisalisi lya bonsomi bwa bato mingi mpenza Lisanga lya maponami na bonsomi lipesami seko manaka ma kobongisa maponami bakisa Lisanga linene lya lolaka, botali mpe bopanzi nsango, liye lizali na lotomo ya kopesa bonsomi mpe kobatela mambi na zulunalo mpe nzela inso ya bopanzi sango na bato banso engebene na botosi mibeko. ==Mambi ma bobongoli mobeko likonzi== Mpo ya kobatela mambi ma boyangeli ekolo mauti na bato, maye matiami na Mobeko Likonzi moye, zambi ya mikakatano mia bomoi bwa politiki mpe mia mbongwana ndenge na ndenge, mabongisi matali lolenge ya boyangeli ekolo mauti na bato, ya mobeko mwa boponi bwa bato banso, ya bingumba binso bimonana na Mbula Matari, ya motuya mpe eleko ya boumeli na mosala mwa Mokonzi wa Ekolo, ya bonsomi bwa bokonzi bwa kosambisa mpe kokata makambo, ya boyike bwa mangomba ma politiki mpe ma sendika, makoki ata moke te kobongwama. ==Nkásá o libanda Wikipedia== * http://www.cei-rdc.org/offres/constitution_ling.pdf Mwango mwa [[Mobeko Likonzi]] mwa [[Repubiliki_ya_Kɔ́ngɔ_Demokratiki|Ekolo Nsomi ya Kongo]] * http://www.cei-rdc.org/offres/ Constitution lingála mpe Loi référendaire lingála 6788 2005-11-08T11:12:28Z Bombo 12 interwiki fr mpe en [[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|right|150px|Democratic republic of the Congo: Coat of Arms]] '''Mobeko Likonzi mwa sika (2005)''' ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] moye mondimami, motali makambo manene maye: ==Mabi matali ekolo mpe bokonzi== Mpo ya kolendisa bomoko bwa Ekolo boye bobebi na bitumba ndenge na ndenge mpe mpo ya kotonga bisika bia bwanya mpe bya botomboli mboka ike, bantoma bakaboli ekolo Kongo na bingumba 25, bakisa engumba ya [[Kinshasa]], binso biye bizali na makoki ma komiyangela eyebani na mobeko mpe kosala misala milongobani mitangemi na [[Mobeko Likonzi]] moye. Na botali makoki mana, bingumba bikosala misala misusu misengeli kosalema na Mbula Matari ya Ekolo, mpe kokabola misolo miyingeli na sanduku ya Ekolo na Mbula Matari zambi ya eteni ntuku minei likolo ya mokama (40%) mpo ya bingumba, mpe eteni ntuku motoba likolo ya mokama (60%) mpo ya Mbula Matari. Soki boyokani bozangi na esaleli kati ya [[Mbula Matari]] ya ekolo mpe bingumba, Ndako ya basambisi ba Mobeko Likonzi yango moko ezali na bokonzi bwa kobongisa likambo lina. Na yango, bingumba bya ekolo bikonzami na Mbula Matari mpe [[Lingomba lya Bantoma]] ba bingumba. Engumba yoko yoko ezali na bituka bikonzami yango moko lokola vili, komine, seketele mpe sefeli. Lisusu, Mobeko Likonzi moye mondimi makanisi ma bonsomi mpe molobi: bokonzi bonso bouti na bana-ekolo mpo bango nde ntina ya ebandeli ya bokonzi. Bana-ekolo bakopesa makanisi ma bango na kati ya mangomba mayike ma politiki, maye mabatelami na Mobeko Likonzi moye mondimi ete kosala lingomba lya politiki se moko ezali lokola kobuka mobeko mwa koteka ekolo. Na maye matali bonsomi bwa ekolo, basali mibeko bandimi makanisi ma kozala na bonsomi se moko mpe kaka moko mpo ya bana Kongo. ==Mambi ma bomoto, bonsomi bwa ntina mpe ntomo ya mwana ekolo mpe mambi ma leta== Mosali mibeko azali lisusu kondima bopesi Ekolo Nsomi ya Kongo makoki ma bato mpe bonsomi bwa ntina engebene na mibeko mya solo mya molongo esili kondima. Na yango akotisi makoki mpe bonsomi bona na kati ya Mobeko Likonzi. Yango wana, zambi ya mbongwana ya mambi ma mokili, Mobeko Likonzi moye mokotisi makanisi manene ma sika matali bokokani bwa mobali mpe mwasi. ==Mambi ma bobonsisi mpe esaleli ya bokonzi== Bituluku bia bokonzi bwa sika na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Ekolo Nsomi ya Kongo]] byango biye: *[[Mokonzi wa Ekolo]] *[[Lingomba lya bantoma ba Ekolo]] *[[Mbula Matari]] *[[Ndako ya basambisi]] mpe [[bakati makambo]] Makanisi manene maye mazali kokamba bobongisi bituluku bina mango maye. * 1. kobongisa esaleli elamu ya bituluku bia Leta * 2. koboya matata to mikakatano * 3. kotelemisa [[ekolo ya bosembo]] * 4. kopekisa masenginya ma koyangela ekolo na lolenge ya moto ye moko * 5. kopesa ndanga ya koyangela [[ekolo na ndenge ya malamu]] * 6. kopesa etumbu na moto nyonso asali mbeba * 7. kondima bokaboli bokonzi na ndenge ya likelemba na maponami. Yango wana, eleko ya mosala mwa Mokonzi wa Ekolo ekoki kozonga se mbala moko, kasi lisusu Mokonzi wa Ekolo azali na makoki ma kobatela Mobeko Likonzi, bonsomi bwa ekolo, etando mobimba ya ekolo, bokonzi bwa ekolo, botosi mibembano mpe boyokani na molongo mpe akozala mobongisi mpe mosemboli esaleli elamu ya bituluku bya ekolo, na lisalisi lya Mbula Matari mpe na bososoli bwa Lingomba lya Bantoma. Bikela bya solo biye, Mokonzi wa Ekolo akotia maboko mpo ya mambi matali Mbula Matari to maye makambemi na Baminisele, bisengeli kozwa elembo ya [[Minisele wa yambo]] mpe, ntango mosusu, ya [[Minisele|Baminisele]], baye basengeli kosalela mpe kondima mokumba mona liboso lya Lingomba lya Bantoma. Mingi mpenza makambo matali bapaya, bobateli mpe bokengi bwa ekolo, maye mazalaki liboso se na maboko ma Mokonzi wa Ekolo, makomi mambi ma boyokani. Kasi, Mbula Matari, na bokasi bwa Minisele wa Yambo azali nkolo mpe motambwisi wa politiki ya ekolo, eye akobongisa na boyokani na Mokonzi wa Ekolo. Azali na mokumba mwa kotanga misala mia ye liboso lya Lingomba lya Bantoma liye, lisanga, likoki kopesa ye etumbu na ndenge ya bopaleli ye. Lingomba lya Bantoma likoki lisusu kotatola libunga yoko yoko ya bakambi ba Mbula Matari na nzela ya mokanda mwa bokebisi. Na bosangani na likita linene, Lingomba lya bantoma-basali mpe lya babongisi mibeko, lizali na makoki ma kofunda Mokonzi wa Ekolo mpe Minisele wa yambo liboso lya Ndako ya bazuzi ba Mobeko Likonzi, mingi mpenza na libunga linene lya boteki ekolo mpe boyebi mabe makoki kobebisa ekolo. Epai mosusu, na ntina ya makoki ma bokonzi mapesami na basali mibeko mpe na makoki ma kolanda misala mia Mbula Matari, bantoma ba ekolo bazali o likolo lya mibeko te; matomba ma bango makoki kolongwa mpe lingomba lya bantoma likoki kokufa na mobeko mwa Mokonzi wa Ekolo, soki mikakatano mizali kosila te kati na bango mpe Mbula Matari wa ekolo. Mobeko Likonzi moye mondimi lisusu bonsomi bwa bokonzi bwa bazuzi boye, basambisi banso bakambemi na Lisanga linene lya mambi matali bosembo lisangisi se basambisi mpe bakati makambo. Mpo ya bolamu bwa solo, bwanya mpe botambwisi na lombangu mikanda mia bato babuki mibeko, Ndako ya basambisi mpe bakati makambo ekabwani na biteni misato biye : * biyangeli bitali mambi ma bosambisi maye makonzami na ndako ya esambelo ya nsuka * biyangeli bia misala mia ekolo ekambemi na Lisanga lya leta * Ndako ya bosambisi mambi ma Mobeko Likonzi Mabongisi ma ntina ma Mobeko Likonzi, makoyebisa polele ndelo ya misala mia Mbula Matari mpe bingumba mpe lisusu esika ya bokutani kati ya bingumba bibale bia leta. Mpo ya kotia boyokani bolamu kati ya bingumba mpe Mbula Matari ya ekolo, likita lya bakonzi ba bingumba lisalemi na bokambemi bwa Mokonzi wa Ekolo oyo azali na mosala mwa kopesa toli na bingumba binso mibale. Se bongo, lotomo ya boyokani kati ya bingumba bia ekolo lotindi kosala sanduku ya ekolo ya bokaboli malamu misolo, etiami na boyangeli bwa Mbula Matari ya ekolo. Na botalaka bonene mpe makambo ndenge na ndenge ma botomboli nkita mpe bomoi bwa bato maye Ekolo Nsomi ya Kongo ezali kokutana na yango, mosali mibeko asali Lisanga lya nkita mpe lya bato liye lipesami lotomo ya kopesa makanisi ma mambi ma nkita mpe ma bato na Mokonzi wa Ekolo, na lingomba lya bantoma mpe lya Mbula Matari ya ekolo. Mpo ya kobatela bonsomi bwa Ekolo Nsomi ya Kongo, Mobeko Likonzi moye moponi bituluku mibale mpo ya lisalisi lya bonsomi bwa bato mingi mpenza Lisanga lya maponami na bonsomi lipesami seko manaka ma kobongisa maponami bakisa Lisanga linene lya lolaka, botali mpe bopanzi nsango, liye lizali na lotomo ya kopesa bonsomi mpe kobatela mambi na zulunalo mpe nzela inso ya bopanzi sango na bato banso engebene na botosi mibeko. ==Mambi ma bobongoli mobeko likonzi== Mpo ya kobatela mambi ma boyangeli ekolo mauti na bato, maye matiami na Mobeko Likonzi moye, zambi ya mikakatano mia bomoi bwa politiki mpe mia mbongwana ndenge na ndenge, mabongisi matali lolenge ya boyangeli ekolo mauti na bato, ya mobeko mwa boponi bwa bato banso, ya bingumba binso bimonana na Mbula Matari, ya motuya mpe eleko ya boumeli na mosala mwa Mokonzi wa Ekolo, ya bonsomi bwa bokonzi bwa kosambisa mpe kokata makambo, ya boyike bwa mangomba ma politiki mpe ma sendika, makoki ata moke te kobongwama. ==Nkásá o libanda Wikipedia== * http://www.cei-rdc.org/offres/constitution_ling.pdf Mwango mwa [[Mobeko Likonzi]] mwa [[Repubiliki_ya_Kɔ́ngɔ_Demokratiki|Ekolo Nsomi ya Kongo]] * http://www.cei-rdc.org/offres/ Constitution lingála mpe Loi référendaire lingála [[fr:Constitution_de_la_République_démocratique_du_Congo]] [[en:Constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] 6795 2005-11-08T11:31:02Z Bombo 12 cat [[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|right|150px|Democratic republic of the Congo: Coat of Arms]] '''Mobeko Likonzi mwa sika (2005)''' ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] moye mondimami, motali makambo manene maye: ==Mabi matali ekolo mpe bokonzi== Mpo ya kolendisa bomoko bwa Ekolo boye bobebi na bitumba ndenge na ndenge mpe mpo ya kotonga bisika bia bwanya mpe bya botomboli mboka ike, bantoma bakaboli ekolo Kongo na bingumba 25, bakisa engumba ya [[Kinshasa]], binso biye bizali na makoki ma komiyangela eyebani na mobeko mpe kosala misala milongobani mitangemi na [[Mobeko Likonzi]] moye. Na botali makoki mana, bingumba bikosala misala misusu misengeli kosalema na Mbula Matari ya Ekolo, mpe kokabola misolo miyingeli na sanduku ya Ekolo na Mbula Matari zambi ya eteni ntuku minei likolo ya mokama (40%) mpo ya bingumba, mpe eteni ntuku motoba likolo ya mokama (60%) mpo ya Mbula Matari. Soki boyokani bozangi na esaleli kati ya [[Mbula Matari]] ya ekolo mpe bingumba, Ndako ya basambisi ba Mobeko Likonzi yango moko ezali na bokonzi bwa kobongisa likambo lina. Na yango, bingumba bya ekolo bikonzami na Mbula Matari mpe [[Lingomba lya Bantoma]] ba bingumba. Engumba yoko yoko ezali na bituka bikonzami yango moko lokola vili, komine, seketele mpe sefeli. Lisusu, Mobeko Likonzi moye mondimi makanisi ma bonsomi mpe molobi: bokonzi bonso bouti na bana-ekolo mpo bango nde ntina ya ebandeli ya bokonzi. Bana-ekolo bakopesa makanisi ma bango na kati ya mangomba mayike ma politiki, maye mabatelami na Mobeko Likonzi moye mondimi ete kosala lingomba lya politiki se moko ezali lokola kobuka mobeko mwa koteka ekolo. Na maye matali bonsomi bwa ekolo, basali mibeko bandimi makanisi ma kozala na bonsomi se moko mpe kaka moko mpo ya bana Kongo. ==Mambi ma bomoto, bonsomi bwa ntina mpe ntomo ya mwana ekolo mpe mambi ma leta== Mosali mibeko azali lisusu kondima bopesi Ekolo Nsomi ya Kongo makoki ma bato mpe bonsomi bwa ntina engebene na mibeko mya solo mya molongo esili kondima. Na yango akotisi makoki mpe bonsomi bona na kati ya Mobeko Likonzi. Yango wana, zambi ya mbongwana ya mambi ma mokili, Mobeko Likonzi moye mokotisi makanisi manene ma sika matali bokokani bwa mobali mpe mwasi. ==Mambi ma bobonsisi mpe esaleli ya bokonzi== Bituluku bia bokonzi bwa sika na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Ekolo Nsomi ya Kongo]] byango biye: *[[Mokonzi wa Ekolo]] *[[Lingomba lya bantoma ba Ekolo]] *[[Mbula Matari]] *[[Ndako ya basambisi]] mpe [[bakati makambo]] Makanisi manene maye mazali kokamba bobongisi bituluku bina mango maye. * 1. kobongisa esaleli elamu ya bituluku bia Leta * 2. koboya matata to mikakatano * 3. kotelemisa [[ekolo ya bosembo]] * 4. kopekisa masenginya ma koyangela ekolo na lolenge ya moto ye moko * 5. kopesa ndanga ya koyangela [[ekolo na ndenge ya malamu]] * 6. kopesa etumbu na moto nyonso asali mbeba * 7. kondima bokaboli bokonzi na ndenge ya likelemba na maponami. Yango wana, eleko ya mosala mwa Mokonzi wa Ekolo ekoki kozonga se mbala moko, kasi lisusu Mokonzi wa Ekolo azali na makoki ma kobatela Mobeko Likonzi, bonsomi bwa ekolo, etando mobimba ya ekolo, bokonzi bwa ekolo, botosi mibembano mpe boyokani na molongo mpe akozala mobongisi mpe mosemboli esaleli elamu ya bituluku bya ekolo, na lisalisi lya Mbula Matari mpe na bososoli bwa Lingomba lya Bantoma. Bikela bya solo biye, Mokonzi wa Ekolo akotia maboko mpo ya mambi matali Mbula Matari to maye makambemi na Baminisele, bisengeli kozwa elembo ya [[Minisele wa yambo]] mpe, ntango mosusu, ya [[Minisele|Baminisele]], baye basengeli kosalela mpe kondima mokumba mona liboso lya Lingomba lya Bantoma. Mingi mpenza makambo matali bapaya, bobateli mpe bokengi bwa ekolo, maye mazalaki liboso se na maboko ma Mokonzi wa Ekolo, makomi mambi ma boyokani. Kasi, Mbula Matari, na bokasi bwa Minisele wa Yambo azali nkolo mpe motambwisi wa politiki ya ekolo, eye akobongisa na boyokani na Mokonzi wa Ekolo. Azali na mokumba mwa kotanga misala mia ye liboso lya Lingomba lya Bantoma liye, lisanga, likoki kopesa ye etumbu na ndenge ya bopaleli ye. Lingomba lya Bantoma likoki lisusu kotatola libunga yoko yoko ya bakambi ba Mbula Matari na nzela ya mokanda mwa bokebisi. Na bosangani na likita linene, Lingomba lya bantoma-basali mpe lya babongisi mibeko, lizali na makoki ma kofunda Mokonzi wa Ekolo mpe Minisele wa yambo liboso lya Ndako ya bazuzi ba Mobeko Likonzi, mingi mpenza na libunga linene lya boteki ekolo mpe boyebi mabe makoki kobebisa ekolo. Epai mosusu, na ntina ya makoki ma bokonzi mapesami na basali mibeko mpe na makoki ma kolanda misala mia Mbula Matari, bantoma ba ekolo bazali o likolo lya mibeko te; matomba ma bango makoki kolongwa mpe lingomba lya bantoma likoki kokufa na mobeko mwa Mokonzi wa Ekolo, soki mikakatano mizali kosila te kati na bango mpe Mbula Matari wa ekolo. Mobeko Likonzi moye mondimi lisusu bonsomi bwa bokonzi bwa bazuzi boye, basambisi banso bakambemi na Lisanga linene lya mambi matali bosembo lisangisi se basambisi mpe bakati makambo. Mpo ya bolamu bwa solo, bwanya mpe botambwisi na lombangu mikanda mia bato babuki mibeko, Ndako ya basambisi mpe bakati makambo ekabwani na biteni misato biye : * biyangeli bitali mambi ma bosambisi maye makonzami na ndako ya esambelo ya nsuka * biyangeli bia misala mia ekolo ekambemi na Lisanga lya leta * Ndako ya bosambisi mambi ma Mobeko Likonzi Mabongisi ma ntina ma Mobeko Likonzi, makoyebisa polele ndelo ya misala mia Mbula Matari mpe bingumba mpe lisusu esika ya bokutani kati ya bingumba bibale bia leta. Mpo ya kotia boyokani bolamu kati ya bingumba mpe Mbula Matari ya ekolo, likita lya bakonzi ba bingumba lisalemi na bokambemi bwa Mokonzi wa Ekolo oyo azali na mosala mwa kopesa toli na bingumba binso mibale. Se bongo, lotomo ya boyokani kati ya bingumba bia ekolo lotindi kosala sanduku ya ekolo ya bokaboli malamu misolo, etiami na boyangeli bwa Mbula Matari ya ekolo. Na botalaka bonene mpe makambo ndenge na ndenge ma botomboli nkita mpe bomoi bwa bato maye Ekolo Nsomi ya Kongo ezali kokutana na yango, mosali mibeko asali Lisanga lya nkita mpe lya bato liye lipesami lotomo ya kopesa makanisi ma mambi ma nkita mpe ma bato na Mokonzi wa Ekolo, na lingomba lya bantoma mpe lya Mbula Matari ya ekolo. Mpo ya kobatela bonsomi bwa Ekolo Nsomi ya Kongo, Mobeko Likonzi moye moponi bituluku mibale mpo ya lisalisi lya bonsomi bwa bato mingi mpenza Lisanga lya maponami na bonsomi lipesami seko manaka ma kobongisa maponami bakisa Lisanga linene lya lolaka, botali mpe bopanzi nsango, liye lizali na lotomo ya kopesa bonsomi mpe kobatela mambi na zulunalo mpe nzela inso ya bopanzi sango na bato banso engebene na botosi mibeko. ==Mambi ma bobongoli mobeko likonzi== Mpo ya kobatela mambi ma boyangeli ekolo mauti na bato, maye matiami na Mobeko Likonzi moye, zambi ya mikakatano mia bomoi bwa politiki mpe mia mbongwana ndenge na ndenge, mabongisi matali lolenge ya boyangeli ekolo mauti na bato, ya mobeko mwa boponi bwa bato banso, ya bingumba binso bimonana na Mbula Matari, ya motuya mpe eleko ya boumeli na mosala mwa Mokonzi wa Ekolo, ya bonsomi bwa bokonzi bwa kosambisa mpe kokata makambo, ya boyike bwa mangomba ma politiki mpe ma sendika, makoki ata moke te kobongwama. ==Nkásá o libanda Wikipedia== * http://www.cei-rdc.org/offres/constitution_ling.pdf Mwango mwa [[Mobeko Likonzi]] mwa [[Repubiliki_ya_Kɔ́ngɔ_Demokratiki|Ekolo Nsomi ya Kongo]] * http://www.cei-rdc.org/offres/ Constitution lingála mpe Loi référendaire lingála [[fr:Constitution_de_la_République_démocratique_du_Congo]] [[en:Constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] 6796 2005-11-08T11:31:50Z Bombo 12 [[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|right|150px|Democratic republic of the Congo: Coat of Arms]] '''Mobeko Likonzi mwa sika (2005)''' ya [[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] moye mondimami, motali makambo manene maye: ==Mabi matali ekolo mpe bokonzi== Mpo ya kolendisa bomoko bwa Ekolo boye bobebi na bitumba ndenge na ndenge mpe mpo ya kotonga bisika bia bwanya mpe bya botomboli mboka ike, bantoma bakaboli ekolo Kongo na bingumba 25, bakisa engumba ya [[Kinshasa]], binso biye bizali na makoki ma komiyangela eyebani na mobeko mpe kosala misala milongobani mitangemi na [[Mobeko Likonzi]] moye. Na botali makoki mana, bingumba bikosala misala misusu misengeli kosalema na Mbula Matari ya Ekolo, mpe kokabola misolo miyingeli na sanduku ya Ekolo na Mbula Matari zambi ya eteni ntuku minei likolo ya mokama (40%) mpo ya bingumba, mpe eteni ntuku motoba likolo ya mokama (60%) mpo ya Mbula Matari. Soki boyokani bozangi na esaleli kati ya [[Mbula Matari]] ya ekolo mpe bingumba, Ndako ya basambisi ba Mobeko Likonzi yango moko ezali na bokonzi bwa kobongisa likambo lina. Na yango, bingumba bya ekolo bikonzami na Mbula Matari mpe [[Lingomba lya Bantoma]] ba bingumba. Engumba yoko yoko ezali na bituka bikonzami yango moko lokola vili, komine, seketele mpe sefeli. Lisusu, Mobeko Likonzi moye mondimi makanisi ma bonsomi mpe molobi: bokonzi bonso bouti na bana-ekolo mpo bango nde ntina ya ebandeli ya bokonzi. Bana-ekolo bakopesa makanisi ma bango na kati ya mangomba mayike ma politiki, maye mabatelami na Mobeko Likonzi moye mondimi ete kosala lingomba lya politiki se moko ezali lokola kobuka mobeko mwa koteka ekolo. Na maye matali bonsomi bwa ekolo, basali mibeko bandimi makanisi ma kozala na bonsomi se moko mpe kaka moko mpo ya bana Kongo. ==Mambi ma bomoto, bonsomi bwa ntina mpe ntomo ya mwana ekolo mpe mambi ma leta== Mosali mibeko azali lisusu kondima bopesi Ekolo Nsomi ya Kongo makoki ma bato mpe bonsomi bwa ntina engebene na mibeko mya solo mya molongo esili kondima. Na yango akotisi makoki mpe bonsomi bona na kati ya Mobeko Likonzi. Yango wana, zambi ya mbongwana ya mambi ma mokili, Mobeko Likonzi moye mokotisi makanisi manene ma sika matali bokokani bwa mobali mpe mwasi. ==Mambi ma bobonsisi mpe esaleli ya bokonzi== Bituluku bia bokonzi bwa sika na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Ekolo Nsomi ya Kongo]] byango biye: *[[Mokonzi wa Ekolo]] *[[Lingomba lya bantoma ba Ekolo]] *[[Mbula Matari]] *[[Ndako ya basambisi]] mpe [[bakati makambo]] Makanisi manene maye mazali kokamba bobongisi bituluku bina mango maye. * 1. kobongisa esaleli elamu ya bituluku bia Leta * 2. koboya matata to mikakatano * 3. kotelemisa [[ekolo ya bosembo]] * 4. kopekisa masenginya ma koyangela ekolo na lolenge ya moto ye moko * 5. kopesa ndanga ya koyangela [[ekolo na ndenge ya malamu]] * 6. kopesa etumbu na moto nyonso asali mbeba * 7. kondima bokaboli bokonzi na ndenge ya likelemba na maponami. Yango wana, eleko ya mosala mwa Mokonzi wa Ekolo ekoki kozonga se mbala moko, kasi lisusu Mokonzi wa Ekolo azali na makoki ma kobatela Mobeko Likonzi, bonsomi bwa ekolo, etando mobimba ya ekolo, bokonzi bwa ekolo, botosi mibembano mpe boyokani na molongo mpe akozala mobongisi mpe mosemboli esaleli elamu ya bituluku bya ekolo, na lisalisi lya Mbula Matari mpe na bososoli bwa Lingomba lya Bantoma. Bikela bya solo biye, Mokonzi wa Ekolo akotia maboko mpo ya mambi matali Mbula Matari to maye makambemi na Baminisele, bisengeli kozwa elembo ya [[Minisele wa yambo]] mpe, ntango mosusu, ya [[Minisele|Baminisele]], baye basengeli kosalela mpe kondima mokumba mona liboso lya Lingomba lya Bantoma. Mingi mpenza makambo matali bapaya, bobateli mpe bokengi bwa ekolo, maye mazalaki liboso se na maboko ma Mokonzi wa Ekolo, makomi mambi ma boyokani. Kasi, Mbula Matari, na bokasi bwa Minisele wa Yambo azali nkolo mpe motambwisi wa politiki ya ekolo, eye akobongisa na boyokani na Mokonzi wa Ekolo. Azali na mokumba mwa kotanga misala mia ye liboso lya Lingomba lya Bantoma liye, lisanga, likoki kopesa ye etumbu na ndenge ya bopaleli ye. Lingomba lya Bantoma likoki lisusu kotatola libunga yoko yoko ya bakambi ba Mbula Matari na nzela ya mokanda mwa bokebisi. Na bosangani na likita linene, Lingomba lya bantoma-basali mpe lya babongisi mibeko, lizali na makoki ma kofunda Mokonzi wa Ekolo mpe Minisele wa yambo liboso lya Ndako ya bazuzi ba Mobeko Likonzi, mingi mpenza na libunga linene lya boteki ekolo mpe boyebi mabe makoki kobebisa ekolo. Epai mosusu, na ntina ya makoki ma bokonzi mapesami na basali mibeko mpe na makoki ma kolanda misala mia Mbula Matari, bantoma ba ekolo bazali o likolo lya mibeko te; matomba ma bango makoki kolongwa mpe lingomba lya bantoma likoki kokufa na mobeko mwa Mokonzi wa Ekolo, soki mikakatano mizali kosila te kati na bango mpe Mbula Matari wa ekolo. Mobeko Likonzi moye mondimi lisusu bonsomi bwa bokonzi bwa bazuzi boye, basambisi banso bakambemi na Lisanga linene lya mambi matali bosembo lisangisi se basambisi mpe bakati makambo. Mpo ya bolamu bwa solo, bwanya mpe botambwisi na lombangu mikanda mia bato babuki mibeko, Ndako ya basambisi mpe bakati makambo ekabwani na biteni misato biye : * biyangeli bitali mambi ma bosambisi maye makonzami na ndako ya esambelo ya nsuka * biyangeli bia misala mia ekolo ekambemi na Lisanga lya leta * Ndako ya bosambisi mambi ma Mobeko Likonzi Mabongisi ma ntina ma Mobeko Likonzi, makoyebisa polele ndelo ya misala mia Mbula Matari mpe bingumba mpe lisusu esika ya bokutani kati ya bingumba bibale bia leta. Mpo ya kotia boyokani bolamu kati ya bingumba mpe Mbula Matari ya ekolo, likita lya bakonzi ba bingumba lisalemi na bokambemi bwa Mokonzi wa Ekolo oyo azali na mosala mwa kopesa toli na bingumba binso mibale. Se bongo, lotomo ya boyokani kati ya bingumba bia ekolo lotindi kosala sanduku ya ekolo ya bokaboli malamu misolo, etiami na boyangeli bwa Mbula Matari ya ekolo. Na botalaka bonene mpe makambo ndenge na ndenge ma botomboli nkita mpe bomoi bwa bato maye Ekolo Nsomi ya Kongo ezali kokutana na yango, mosali mibeko asali Lisanga lya nkita mpe lya bato liye lipesami lotomo ya kopesa makanisi ma mambi ma nkita mpe ma bato na Mokonzi wa Ekolo, na lingomba lya bantoma mpe lya Mbula Matari ya ekolo. Mpo ya kobatela bonsomi bwa Ekolo Nsomi ya Kongo, Mobeko Likonzi moye moponi bituluku mibale mpo ya lisalisi lya bonsomi bwa bato mingi mpenza Lisanga lya maponami na bonsomi lipesami seko manaka ma kobongisa maponami bakisa Lisanga linene lya lolaka, botali mpe bopanzi nsango, liye lizali na lotomo ya kopesa bonsomi mpe kobatela mambi na zulunalo mpe nzela inso ya bopanzi sango na bato banso engebene na botosi mibeko. ==Mambi ma bobongoli mobeko likonzi== Mpo ya kobatela mambi ma boyangeli ekolo mauti na bato, maye matiami na Mobeko Likonzi moye, zambi ya mikakatano mia bomoi bwa politiki mpe mia mbongwana ndenge na ndenge, mabongisi matali lolenge ya boyangeli ekolo mauti na bato, ya mobeko mwa boponi bwa bato banso, ya bingumba binso bimonana na Mbula Matari, ya motuya mpe eleko ya boumeli na mosala mwa Mokonzi wa Ekolo, ya bonsomi bwa bokonzi bwa kosambisa mpe kokata makambo, ya boyike bwa mangomba ma politiki mpe ma sendika, makoki ata moke te kobongwama. ==Nkásá o libanda Wikipedia== * http://www.cei-rdc.org/offres/constitution_ling.pdf Mwango mwa [[Mobeko Likonzi]] mwa [[Repubiliki_ya_Kɔ́ngɔ_Demokratiki|Ekolo Nsomi ya Kongo]] * http://www.cei-rdc.org/offres/ Constitution lingála mpe Loi référendaire lingála [[fr:Constitution_de_la_République_démocratique_du_Congo]] [[en:Constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] 7178 2005-12-04T14:45:30Z Themalau 22 [[Mobeko Likonzi mwa sika]] moved to [[Mobeko Likonzi mwa sika mwa Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|right|150px|Democratic republic of the Congo: Coat of Arms]] '''Mobeko Likonzi mwa sika (2005)''' ya [[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] moye mondimami, motali makambo manene maye: ==Mabi matali ekolo mpe bokonzi== Mpo ya kolendisa bomoko bwa Ekolo boye bobebi na bitumba ndenge na ndenge mpe mpo ya kotonga bisika bia bwanya mpe bya botomboli mboka ike, bantoma bakaboli ekolo Kongo na bingumba 25, bakisa engumba ya [[Kinshasa]], binso biye bizali na makoki ma komiyangela eyebani na mobeko mpe kosala misala milongobani mitangemi na [[Mobeko Likonzi]] moye. Na botali makoki mana, bingumba bikosala misala misusu misengeli kosalema na Mbula Matari ya Ekolo, mpe kokabola misolo miyingeli na sanduku ya Ekolo na Mbula Matari zambi ya eteni ntuku minei likolo ya mokama (40%) mpo ya bingumba, mpe eteni ntuku motoba likolo ya mokama (60%) mpo ya Mbula Matari. Soki boyokani bozangi na esaleli kati ya [[Mbula Matari]] ya ekolo mpe bingumba, Ndako ya basambisi ba Mobeko Likonzi yango moko ezali na bokonzi bwa kobongisa likambo lina. Na yango, bingumba bya ekolo bikonzami na Mbula Matari mpe [[Lingomba lya Bantoma]] ba bingumba. Engumba yoko yoko ezali na bituka bikonzami yango moko lokola vili, komine, seketele mpe sefeli. Lisusu, Mobeko Likonzi moye mondimi makanisi ma bonsomi mpe molobi: bokonzi bonso bouti na bana-ekolo mpo bango nde ntina ya ebandeli ya bokonzi. Bana-ekolo bakopesa makanisi ma bango na kati ya mangomba mayike ma politiki, maye mabatelami na Mobeko Likonzi moye mondimi ete kosala lingomba lya politiki se moko ezali lokola kobuka mobeko mwa koteka ekolo. Na maye matali bonsomi bwa ekolo, basali mibeko bandimi makanisi ma kozala na bonsomi se moko mpe kaka moko mpo ya bana Kongo. ==Mambi ma bomoto, bonsomi bwa ntina mpe ntomo ya mwana ekolo mpe mambi ma leta== Mosali mibeko azali lisusu kondima bopesi Ekolo Nsomi ya Kongo makoki ma bato mpe bonsomi bwa ntina engebene na mibeko mya solo mya molongo esili kondima. Na yango akotisi makoki mpe bonsomi bona na kati ya Mobeko Likonzi. Yango wana, zambi ya mbongwana ya mambi ma mokili, Mobeko Likonzi moye mokotisi makanisi manene ma sika matali bokokani bwa mobali mpe mwasi. ==Mambi ma bobonsisi mpe esaleli ya bokonzi== Bituluku bia bokonzi bwa sika na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Ekolo Nsomi ya Kongo]] byango biye: *[[Mokonzi wa Ekolo]] *[[Lingomba lya bantoma ba Ekolo]] *[[Mbula Matari]] *[[Ndako ya basambisi]] mpe [[bakati makambo]] Makanisi manene maye mazali kokamba bobongisi bituluku bina mango maye. * 1. kobongisa esaleli elamu ya bituluku bia Leta * 2. koboya matata to mikakatano * 3. kotelemisa [[ekolo ya bosembo]] * 4. kopekisa masenginya ma koyangela ekolo na lolenge ya moto ye moko * 5. kopesa ndanga ya koyangela [[ekolo na ndenge ya malamu]] * 6. kopesa etumbu na moto nyonso asali mbeba * 7. kondima bokaboli bokonzi na ndenge ya likelemba na maponami. Yango wana, eleko ya mosala mwa Mokonzi wa Ekolo ekoki kozonga se mbala moko, kasi lisusu Mokonzi wa Ekolo azali na makoki ma kobatela Mobeko Likonzi, bonsomi bwa ekolo, etando mobimba ya ekolo, bokonzi bwa ekolo, botosi mibembano mpe boyokani na molongo mpe akozala mobongisi mpe mosemboli esaleli elamu ya bituluku bya ekolo, na lisalisi lya Mbula Matari mpe na bososoli bwa Lingomba lya Bantoma. Bikela bya solo biye, Mokonzi wa Ekolo akotia maboko mpo ya mambi matali Mbula Matari to maye makambemi na Baminisele, bisengeli kozwa elembo ya [[Minisele wa yambo]] mpe, ntango mosusu, ya [[Minisele|Baminisele]], baye basengeli kosalela mpe kondima mokumba mona liboso lya Lingomba lya Bantoma. Mingi mpenza makambo matali bapaya, bobateli mpe bokengi bwa ekolo, maye mazalaki liboso se na maboko ma Mokonzi wa Ekolo, makomi mambi ma boyokani. Kasi, Mbula Matari, na bokasi bwa Minisele wa Yambo azali nkolo mpe motambwisi wa politiki ya ekolo, eye akobongisa na boyokani na Mokonzi wa Ekolo. Azali na mokumba mwa kotanga misala mia ye liboso lya Lingomba lya Bantoma liye, lisanga, likoki kopesa ye etumbu na ndenge ya bopaleli ye. Lingomba lya Bantoma likoki lisusu kotatola libunga yoko yoko ya bakambi ba Mbula Matari na nzela ya mokanda mwa bokebisi. Na bosangani na likita linene, Lingomba lya bantoma-basali mpe lya babongisi mibeko, lizali na makoki ma kofunda Mokonzi wa Ekolo mpe Minisele wa yambo liboso lya Ndako ya bazuzi ba Mobeko Likonzi, mingi mpenza na libunga linene lya boteki ekolo mpe boyebi mabe makoki kobebisa ekolo. Epai mosusu, na ntina ya makoki ma bokonzi mapesami na basali mibeko mpe na makoki ma kolanda misala mia Mbula Matari, bantoma ba ekolo bazali o likolo lya mibeko te; matomba ma bango makoki kolongwa mpe lingomba lya bantoma likoki kokufa na mobeko mwa Mokonzi wa Ekolo, soki mikakatano mizali kosila te kati na bango mpe Mbula Matari wa ekolo. Mobeko Likonzi moye mondimi lisusu bonsomi bwa bokonzi bwa bazuzi boye, basambisi banso bakambemi na Lisanga linene lya mambi matali bosembo lisangisi se basambisi mpe bakati makambo. Mpo ya bolamu bwa solo, bwanya mpe botambwisi na lombangu mikanda mia bato babuki mibeko, Ndako ya basambisi mpe bakati makambo ekabwani na biteni misato biye : * biyangeli bitali mambi ma bosambisi maye makonzami na ndako ya esambelo ya nsuka * biyangeli bia misala mia ekolo ekambemi na Lisanga lya leta * Ndako ya bosambisi mambi ma Mobeko Likonzi Mabongisi ma ntina ma Mobeko Likonzi, makoyebisa polele ndelo ya misala mia Mbula Matari mpe bingumba mpe lisusu esika ya bokutani kati ya bingumba bibale bia leta. Mpo ya kotia boyokani bolamu kati ya bingumba mpe Mbula Matari ya ekolo, likita lya bakonzi ba bingumba lisalemi na bokambemi bwa Mokonzi wa Ekolo oyo azali na mosala mwa kopesa toli na bingumba binso mibale. Se bongo, lotomo ya boyokani kati ya bingumba bia ekolo lotindi kosala sanduku ya ekolo ya bokaboli malamu misolo, etiami na boyangeli bwa Mbula Matari ya ekolo. Na botalaka bonene mpe makambo ndenge na ndenge ma botomboli nkita mpe bomoi bwa bato maye Ekolo Nsomi ya Kongo ezali kokutana na yango, mosali mibeko asali Lisanga lya nkita mpe lya bato liye lipesami lotomo ya kopesa makanisi ma mambi ma nkita mpe ma bato na Mokonzi wa Ekolo, na lingomba lya bantoma mpe lya Mbula Matari ya ekolo. Mpo ya kobatela bonsomi bwa Ekolo Nsomi ya Kongo, Mobeko Likonzi moye moponi bituluku mibale mpo ya lisalisi lya bonsomi bwa bato mingi mpenza Lisanga lya maponami na bonsomi lipesami seko manaka ma kobongisa maponami bakisa Lisanga linene lya lolaka, botali mpe bopanzi nsango, liye lizali na lotomo ya kopesa bonsomi mpe kobatela mambi na zulunalo mpe nzela inso ya bopanzi sango na bato banso engebene na botosi mibeko. ==Mambi ma bobongoli mobeko likonzi== Mpo ya kobatela mambi ma boyangeli ekolo mauti na bato, maye matiami na Mobeko Likonzi moye, zambi ya mikakatano mia bomoi bwa politiki mpe mia mbongwana ndenge na ndenge, mabongisi matali lolenge ya boyangeli ekolo mauti na bato, ya mobeko mwa boponi bwa bato banso, ya bingumba binso bimonana na Mbula Matari, ya motuya mpe eleko ya boumeli na mosala mwa Mokonzi wa Ekolo, ya bonsomi bwa bokonzi bwa kosambisa mpe kokata makambo, ya boyike bwa mangomba ma politiki mpe ma sendika, makoki ata moke te kobongwama. ==Nkásá o libanda Wikipedia== * http://www.cei-rdc.org/offres/constitution_ling.pdf Mwango mwa [[Mobeko Likonzi]] mwa [[Repubiliki_ya_Kɔ́ngɔ_Demokratiki|Ekolo Nsomi ya Kongo]] * http://www.cei-rdc.org/offres/ Constitution lingála mpe Loi référendaire lingála [[fr:Constitution_de_la_République_démocratique_du_Congo]] [[en:Constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[Category:Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Kongo Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] 7236 2005-12-06T14:12:47Z 160.85.2.50 [[Image:ArmsDRCbig.gif|right|150px|Democratic republic of the Congo: Coat of Arms]] '''Mobeko Likonzi mwa sika (2005)''' ya [[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] moye mondimami, motali makambo manene maye: ==Mabi matali ekolo mpe bokonzi== Mpo ya kolendisa bomoko bwa Ekolo boye bobebi na bitumba ndenge na ndenge mpe mpo ya kotonga bisika bia bwanya mpe bya botomboli mboka ike, bantoma bakaboli ekolo Kongo na bingumba 25, bakisa engumba ya [[Kinshasa]], binso biye bizali na makoki ma komiyangela eyebani na mobeko mpe kosala misala milongobani mitangemi na [[Mobeko Likonzi]] moye. Na botali makoki mana, bingumba bikosala misala misusu misengeli kosalema na Mbula Matari ya Ekolo, mpe kokabola misolo miyingeli na sanduku ya Ekolo na Mbula Matari zambi ya eteni ntuku minei likolo ya mokama (40%) mpo ya bingumba, mpe eteni ntuku motoba likolo ya mokama (60%) mpo ya Mbula Matari. Soki boyokani bozangi na esaleli kati ya [[Mbula Matari]] ya ekolo mpe bingumba, Ndako ya basambisi ba Mobeko Likonzi yango moko ezali na bokonzi bwa kobongisa likambo lina. Na yango, bingumba bya ekolo bikonzami na Mbula Matari mpe [[Lingomba lya Bantoma]] ba bingumba. Engumba yoko yoko ezali na bituka bikonzami yango moko lokola vili, komine, seketele mpe sefeli. Lisusu, Mobeko Likonzi moye mondimi makanisi ma bonsomi mpe molobi: bokonzi bonso bouti na bana-ekolo mpo bango nde ntina ya ebandeli ya bokonzi. Bana-ekolo bakopesa makanisi ma bango na kati ya mangomba mayike ma politiki, maye mabatelami na Mobeko Likonzi moye mondimi ete kosala lingomba lya politiki se moko ezali lokola kobuka mobeko mwa koteka ekolo. Na maye matali bonsomi bwa ekolo, basali mibeko bandimi makanisi ma kozala na bonsomi se moko mpe kaka moko mpo ya bana Kongo. ==Mambi ma bomoto, bonsomi bwa ntina mpe ntomo ya mwana ekolo mpe mambi ma leta== Mosali mibeko azali lisusu kondima bopesi Ekolo Nsomi ya Kongo makoki ma bato mpe bonsomi bwa ntina engebene na mibeko mya solo mya molongo esili kondima. Na yango akotisi makoki mpe bonsomi bona na kati ya Mobeko Likonzi. Yango wana, zambi ya mbongwana ya mambi ma mokili, Mobeko Likonzi moye mokotisi makanisi manene ma sika matali bokokani bwa mobali mpe mwasi. ==Mambi ma bobonsisi mpe esaleli ya bokonzi== Bituluku bia bokonzi bwa sika na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Ekolo Nsomi ya Kongo]] byango biye: *[[Mokonzi wa Ekolo]] *[[Lingomba lya bantoma ba Ekolo]] *[[Mbula Matari]] *[[Ndako ya basambisi]] mpe [[bakati makambo]] Makanisi manene maye mazali kokamba bobongisi bituluku bina mango maye. * 1. kobongisa esaleli elamu ya bituluku bia Leta * 2. koboya matata to mikakatano * 3. kotelemisa [[ekolo ya bosembo]] * 4. kopekisa masenginya ma koyangela ekolo na lolenge ya moto ye moko * 5. kopesa ndanga ya koyangela [[ekolo na ndenge ya malamu]] * 6. kopesa etumbu na moto nyonso asali mbeba * 7. kondima bokaboli bokonzi na ndenge ya likelemba na maponami. Yango wana, eleko ya mosala mwa Mokonzi wa Ekolo ekoki kozonga se mbala moko, kasi lisusu Mokonzi wa Ekolo azali na makoki ma kobatela Mobeko Likonzi, bonsomi bwa ekolo, etando mobimba ya ekolo, bokonzi bwa ekolo, botosi mibembano mpe boyokani na molongo mpe akozala mobongisi mpe mosemboli esaleli elamu ya bituluku bya ekolo, na lisalisi lya Mbula Matari mpe na bososoli bwa Lingomba lya Bantoma. Bikela bya solo biye, Mokonzi wa Ekolo akotia maboko mpo ya mambi matali Mbula Matari to maye makambemi na Baminisele, bisengeli kozwa elembo ya [[Minisele wa yambo]] mpe, ntango mosusu, ya [[Minisele|Baminisele]], baye basengeli kosalela mpe kondima mokumba mona liboso lya Lingomba lya Bantoma. Mingi mpenza makambo matali bapaya, bobateli mpe bokengi bwa ekolo, maye mazalaki liboso se na maboko ma Mokonzi wa Ekolo, makomi mambi ma boyokani. Kasi, Mbula Matari, na bokasi bwa Minisele wa Yambo azali nkolo mpe motambwisi wa politiki ya ekolo, eye akobongisa na boyokani na Mokonzi wa Ekolo. Azali na mokumba mwa kotanga misala mia ye liboso lya Lingomba lya Bantoma liye, lisanga, likoki kopesa ye etumbu na ndenge ya bopaleli ye. Lingomba lya Bantoma likoki lisusu kotatola libunga yoko yoko ya bakambi ba Mbula Matari na nzela ya mokanda mwa bokebisi. Na bosangani na likita linene, Lingomba lya bantoma-basali mpe lya babongisi mibeko, lizali na makoki ma kofunda Mokonzi wa Ekolo mpe Minisele wa yambo liboso lya Ndako ya bazuzi ba Mobeko Likonzi, mingi mpenza na libunga linene lya boteki ekolo mpe boyebi mabe makoki kobebisa ekolo. Epai mosusu, na ntina ya makoki ma bokonzi mapesami na basali mibeko mpe na makoki ma kolanda misala mia Mbula Matari, bantoma ba ekolo bazali o likolo lya mibeko te; matomba ma bango makoki kolongwa mpe lingomba lya bantoma likoki kokufa na mobeko mwa Mokonzi wa Ekolo, soki mikakatano mizali kosila te kati na bango mpe Mbula Matari wa ekolo. Mobeko Likonzi moye mondimi lisusu bonsomi bwa bokonzi bwa bazuzi boye, basambisi banso bakambemi na Lisanga linene lya mambi matali bosembo lisangisi se basambisi mpe bakati makambo. Mpo ya bolamu bwa solo, bwanya mpe botambwisi na lombangu mikanda mia bato babuki mibeko, Ndako ya basambisi mpe bakati makambo ekabwani na biteni misato biye : * biyangeli bitali mambi ma bosambisi maye makonzami na ndako ya esambelo ya nsuka * biyangeli bia misala mia ekolo ekambemi na Lisanga lya leta * Ndako ya bosambisi mambi ma Mobeko Likonzi Mabongisi ma ntina ma Mobeko Likonzi, makoyebisa polele ndelo ya misala mia Mbula Matari mpe bingumba mpe lisusu esika ya bokutani kati ya bingumba bibale bia leta. Mpo ya kotia boyokani bolamu kati ya bingumba mpe Mbula Matari ya ekolo, likita lya bakonzi ba bingumba lisalemi na bokambemi bwa Mokonzi wa Ekolo oyo azali na mosala mwa kopesa toli na bingumba binso mibale. Se bongo, lotomo ya boyokani kati ya bingumba bia ekolo lotindi kosala sanduku ya ekolo ya bokaboli malamu misolo, etiami na boyangeli bwa Mbula Matari ya ekolo. Na botalaka bonene mpe makambo ndenge na ndenge ma botomboli nkita mpe bomoi bwa bato maye Ekolo Nsomi ya Kongo ezali kokutana na yango, mosali mibeko asali Lisanga lya nkita mpe lya bato liye lipesami lotomo ya kopesa makanisi ma mambi ma nkita mpe ma bato na Mokonzi wa Ekolo, na lingomba lya bantoma mpe lya Mbula Matari ya ekolo. Mpo ya kobatela bonsomi bwa Ekolo Nsomi ya Kongo, Mobeko Likonzi moye moponi bituluku mibale mpo ya lisalisi lya bonsomi bwa bato mingi mpenza Lisanga lya maponami na bonsomi lipesami seko manaka ma kobongisa maponami bakisa Lisanga linene lya lolaka, botali mpe bopanzi nsango, liye lizali na lotomo ya kopesa bonsomi mpe kobatela mambi na zulunalo mpe nzela inso ya bopanzi sango na bato banso engebene na botosi mibeko. ==Mambi ma bobongoli mobeko likonzi== Mpo ya kobatela mambi ma boyangeli ekolo mauti na bato, maye matiami na Mobeko Likonzi moye, zambi ya mikakatano mia bomoi bwa politiki mpe mia mbongwana ndenge na ndenge, mabongisi matali lolenge ya boyangeli ekolo mauti na bato, ya mobeko mwa boponi bwa bato banso, ya bingumba binso bimonana na Mbula Matari, ya motuya mpe eleko ya boumeli na mosala mwa Mokonzi wa Ekolo, ya bonsomi bwa bokonzi bwa kosambisa mpe kokata makambo, ya boyike bwa mangomba ma politiki mpe ma sendika, makoki ata moke te kobongwama. ==Nkásá o libanda Wikipedia== * http://www.cei-rdc.org/offres/constitution_ling.pdf Mwango mwa [[Mobeko Likonzi]] mwa [[Repubiliki_ya_Kɔ́ngɔ_Demokratiki|Ekolo Nsomi ya Kongo]] * http://www.cei-rdc.org/offres/ Constitution lingála mpe Loi référendaire lingála [[fr:Constitution_de_la_République_démocratique_du_Congo]] [[en:Constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[Category:Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] 7839 2006-03-10T17:22:55Z Bombo 12 img [[Image:Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png|right|150px|Democratic republic of the Congo: Coat of Arms]] '''Mobeko Likonzi mwa sika (2006)''' ya [[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] moye mondimami, motali makambo manene maye: ==Mabi matali ekolo mpe bokonzi== Mpo ya kolendisa bomoko bwa Ekolo boye bobebi na bitumba ndenge na ndenge mpe mpo ya kotonga bisika bia bwanya mpe bya botomboli mboka ike, bantoma bakaboli ekolo Kongo na bingumba 25, bakisa engumba ya [[Kinshasa]], binso biye bizali na makoki ma komiyangela eyebani na mobeko mpe kosala misala milongobani mitangemi na [[Mobeko Likonzi]] moye. Na botali makoki mana, bingumba bikosala misala misusu misengeli kosalema na Mbula Matari ya Ekolo, mpe kokabola misolo miyingeli na sanduku ya Ekolo na Mbula Matari zambi ya eteni ntuku minei likolo ya mokama (40%) mpo ya bingumba, mpe eteni ntuku motoba likolo ya mokama (60%) mpo ya Mbula Matari. Soki boyokani bozangi na esaleli kati ya [[Mbula Matari]] ya ekolo mpe bingumba, Ndako ya basambisi ba Mobeko Likonzi yango moko ezali na bokonzi bwa kobongisa likambo lina. Na yango, bingumba bya ekolo bikonzami na Mbula Matari mpe [[Lingomba lya Bantoma]] ba bingumba. Engumba yoko yoko ezali na bituka bikonzami yango moko lokola vili, komine, seketele mpe sefeli. Lisusu, Mobeko Likonzi moye mondimi makanisi ma bonsomi mpe molobi: bokonzi bonso bouti na bana-ekolo mpo bango nde ntina ya ebandeli ya bokonzi. Bana-ekolo bakopesa makanisi ma bango na kati ya mangomba mayike ma politiki, maye mabatelami na Mobeko Likonzi moye mondimi ete kosala lingomba lya politiki se moko ezali lokola kobuka mobeko mwa koteka ekolo. Na maye matali bonsomi bwa ekolo, basali mibeko bandimi makanisi ma kozala na bonsomi se moko mpe kaka moko mpo ya bana Kongo. ==Mambi ma bomoto, bonsomi bwa ntina mpe ntomo ya mwana ekolo mpe mambi ma leta== Mosali mibeko azali lisusu kondima bopesi Ekolo Nsomi ya Kongo makoki ma bato mpe bonsomi bwa ntina engebene na mibeko mya solo mya molongo esili kondima. Na yango akotisi makoki mpe bonsomi bona na kati ya Mobeko Likonzi. Yango wana, zambi ya mbongwana ya mambi ma mokili, Mobeko Likonzi moye mokotisi makanisi manene ma sika matali bokokani bwa mobali mpe mwasi. ==Mambi ma bobonsisi mpe esaleli ya bokonzi== Bituluku bia bokonzi bwa sika na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Ekolo Nsomi ya Kongo]] byango biye: *[[Mokonzi wa Ekolo]] *[[Lingomba lya bantoma ba Ekolo]] *[[Mbula Matari]] *[[Ndako ya basambisi]] mpe [[bakati makambo]] Makanisi manene maye mazali kokamba bobongisi bituluku bina mango maye. * 1. kobongisa esaleli elamu ya bituluku bia Leta * 2. koboya matata to mikakatano * 3. kotelemisa [[ekolo ya bosembo]] * 4. kopekisa masenginya ma koyangela ekolo na lolenge ya moto ye moko * 5. kopesa ndanga ya koyangela [[ekolo na ndenge ya malamu]] * 6. kopesa etumbu na moto nyonso asali mbeba * 7. kondima bokaboli bokonzi na ndenge ya likelemba na maponami. Yango wana, eleko ya mosala mwa Mokonzi wa Ekolo ekoki kozonga se mbala moko, kasi lisusu Mokonzi wa Ekolo azali na makoki ma kobatela Mobeko Likonzi, bonsomi bwa ekolo, etando mobimba ya ekolo, bokonzi bwa ekolo, botosi mibembano mpe boyokani na molongo mpe akozala mobongisi mpe mosemboli esaleli elamu ya bituluku bya ekolo, na lisalisi lya Mbula Matari mpe na bososoli bwa Lingomba lya Bantoma. Bikela bya solo biye, Mokonzi wa Ekolo akotia maboko mpo ya mambi matali Mbula Matari to maye makambemi na Baminisele, bisengeli kozwa elembo ya [[Minisele wa yambo]] mpe, ntango mosusu, ya [[Minisele|Baminisele]], baye basengeli kosalela mpe kondima mokumba mona liboso lya Lingomba lya Bantoma. Mingi mpenza makambo matali bapaya, bobateli mpe bokengi bwa ekolo, maye mazalaki liboso se na maboko ma Mokonzi wa Ekolo, makomi mambi ma boyokani. Kasi, Mbula Matari, na bokasi bwa Minisele wa Yambo azali nkolo mpe motambwisi wa politiki ya ekolo, eye akobongisa na boyokani na Mokonzi wa Ekolo. Azali na mokumba mwa kotanga misala mia ye liboso lya Lingomba lya Bantoma liye, lisanga, likoki kopesa ye etumbu na ndenge ya bopaleli ye. Lingomba lya Bantoma likoki lisusu kotatola libunga yoko yoko ya bakambi ba Mbula Matari na nzela ya mokanda mwa bokebisi. Na bosangani na likita linene, Lingomba lya bantoma-basali mpe lya babongisi mibeko, lizali na makoki ma kofunda Mokonzi wa Ekolo mpe Minisele wa yambo liboso lya Ndako ya bazuzi ba Mobeko Likonzi, mingi mpenza na libunga linene lya boteki ekolo mpe boyebi mabe makoki kobebisa ekolo. Epai mosusu, na ntina ya makoki ma bokonzi mapesami na basali mibeko mpe na makoki ma kolanda misala mia Mbula Matari, bantoma ba ekolo bazali o likolo lya mibeko te; matomba ma bango makoki kolongwa mpe lingomba lya bantoma likoki kokufa na mobeko mwa Mokonzi wa Ekolo, soki mikakatano mizali kosila te kati na bango mpe Mbula Matari wa ekolo. Mobeko Likonzi moye mondimi lisusu bonsomi bwa bokonzi bwa bazuzi boye, basambisi banso bakambemi na Lisanga linene lya mambi matali bosembo lisangisi se basambisi mpe bakati makambo. Mpo ya bolamu bwa solo, bwanya mpe botambwisi na lombangu mikanda mia bato babuki mibeko, Ndako ya basambisi mpe bakati makambo ekabwani na biteni misato biye : * biyangeli bitali mambi ma bosambisi maye makonzami na ndako ya esambelo ya nsuka * biyangeli bia misala mia ekolo ekambemi na Lisanga lya leta * Ndako ya bosambisi mambi ma Mobeko Likonzi Mabongisi ma ntina ma Mobeko Likonzi, makoyebisa polele ndelo ya misala mia Mbula Matari mpe bingumba mpe lisusu esika ya bokutani kati ya bingumba bibale bia leta. Mpo ya kotia boyokani bolamu kati ya bingumba mpe Mbula Matari ya ekolo, likita lya bakonzi ba bingumba lisalemi na bokambemi bwa Mokonzi wa Ekolo oyo azali na mosala mwa kopesa toli na bingumba binso mibale. Se bongo, lotomo ya boyokani kati ya bingumba bia ekolo lotindi kosala sanduku ya ekolo ya bokaboli malamu misolo, etiami na boyangeli bwa Mbula Matari ya ekolo. Na botalaka bonene mpe makambo ndenge na ndenge ma botomboli nkita mpe bomoi bwa bato maye Ekolo Nsomi ya Kongo ezali kokutana na yango, mosali mibeko asali Lisanga lya nkita mpe lya bato liye lipesami lotomo ya kopesa makanisi ma mambi ma nkita mpe ma bato na Mokonzi wa Ekolo, na lingomba lya bantoma mpe lya Mbula Matari ya ekolo. Mpo ya kobatela bonsomi bwa Ekolo Nsomi ya Kongo, Mobeko Likonzi moye moponi bituluku mibale mpo ya lisalisi lya bonsomi bwa bato mingi mpenza Lisanga lya maponami na bonsomi lipesami seko manaka ma kobongisa maponami bakisa Lisanga linene lya lolaka, botali mpe bopanzi nsango, liye lizali na lotomo ya kopesa bonsomi mpe kobatela mambi na zulunalo mpe nzela inso ya bopanzi sango na bato banso engebene na botosi mibeko. ==Mambi ma bobongoli mobeko likonzi== Mpo ya kobatela mambi ma boyangeli ekolo mauti na bato, maye matiami na Mobeko Likonzi moye, zambi ya mikakatano mia bomoi bwa politiki mpe mia mbongwana ndenge na ndenge, mabongisi matali lolenge ya boyangeli ekolo mauti na bato, ya mobeko mwa boponi bwa bato banso, ya bingumba binso bimonana na Mbula Matari, ya motuya mpe eleko ya boumeli na mosala mwa Mokonzi wa Ekolo, ya bonsomi bwa bokonzi bwa kosambisa mpe kokata makambo, ya boyike bwa mangomba ma politiki mpe ma sendika, makoki ata moke te kobongwama. ==Nkásá o libanda Wikipedia== * http://www.cei-rdc.org/offres/constitution_ling.pdf Mwango mwa [[Mobeko Likonzi]] mwa [[Repubiliki_ya_Kɔ́ngɔ_Demokratiki|Ekolo Nsomi ya Kongo]] * http://www.cei-rdc.org/offres/ Constitution lingála mpe Loi référendaire lingála [[fr:Constitution_de_la_République_démocratique_du_Congo]] [[en:Constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[Category:Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] 9083 2006-08-08T22:04:35Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png|right|150px|Democratic republic of the Congo: Coat of Arms]] '''Mobeko Likonzi mwa sika (2006)''' ya [[Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] moye mondimami, motali makambo manene maye: ==Mabi matali ekolo mpé bokonzi== Mpo ya kolendisa bomoko bwa Ekolo boye bobebi na bitumba ndenge na ndenge mpé mpo ya kotonga bisika bia bwanya mpé bya botomboli mboka ike, bantoma bakaboli ekolo Kongo na bingumba 25, bakisa engumba ya [[Kinshasa]], binso biye bizali na makoki ma komiyangela eyebani na mobeko mpé kosala misala milongobani mitangemi na [[Mobeko Likonzi]] moye. Na botali makoki mana, bingumba bikosala misala misusu misengeli kosalema na Mbula Matari ya Ekolo, mpé kokabola misolo miyingeli na sanduku ya Ekolo na Mbula Matari zambi ya eteni ntuku minei likolo ya mokama (40%) mpo ya bingumba, mpé eteni ntuku motoba likolo ya mokama (60%) mpo ya Mbula Matari. Soki boyokani bozangi na esaleli kati ya [[Mbula Matari]] ya ekolo mpé bingumba, Ndako ya basambisi ba Mobeko Likonzi yango moko ezali na bokonzi bwa kobongisa likambo lina. Na yango, bingumba bya ekolo bikonzami na Mbula Matari mpé [[Lingomba lya Bantoma]] ba bingumba. Engumba yoko yoko ezali na bituka bikonzami yango moko lokola vili, komine, seketele mpé sefeli. Lisusu, Mobeko Likonzi moye mondimi makanisi ma bonsomi mpé molobi: bokonzi bonso bouti na bana-ekolo mpo bango nde ntina ya ebandeli ya bokonzi. Bana-ekolo bakopesa makanisi ma bango na kati ya mangomba mayike ma politiki, maye mabatelami na Mobeko Likonzi moye mondimi ete kosala lingomba lya politiki se moko ezali lokola kobuka mobeko mwa koteka ekolo. Na maye matali bonsomi bwa ekolo, basali mibeko bandimi makanisi ma kozala na bonsomi se moko mpé kaka moko mpo ya bana Kongo. ==Mambi ma bomoto, bonsomi bwa ntina mpé ntomo ya mwana ekolo mpé mambi ma leta== Mosali mibeko azali lisusu kondima bopesi Ekolo Nsomi ya Kongo makoki ma bato mpé bonsomi bwa ntina engebene na mibeko mya solo mya molongo esili kondima. Na yango akotisi makoki mpé bonsomi bona na kati ya Mobeko Likonzi. Yango wana, zambi ya mbongwana ya mambi ma mokili, Mobeko Likonzi moye mokotisi makanisi manene ma sika matali bokokani bwa mobali mpé mwasi. ==Mambi ma bobonsisi mpé esaleli ya bokonzi== Bituluku bia bokonzi bwa sika na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Ekolo Nsomi ya Kongo]] byango biye: *[[Mokonzi wa Ekolo]] *[[Lingomba lya bantoma ba Ekolo]] *[[Mbula Matari]] *[[Ndako ya basambisi]] mpé [[bakati makambo]] Makanisi manene maye mazali kokamba bobongisi bituluku bina mango maye. * 1. kobongisa esaleli elamu ya bituluku bia Leta * 2. koboya matata to mikakatano * 3. kotelemisa [[ekolo ya bosembo]] * 4. kopekisa masenginya ma koyangela ekolo na lolenge ya moto ye moko * 5. kopesa ndanga ya koyangela [[ekolo na ndenge ya malamu]] * 6. kopesa etumbu na moto nyonso asali mbeba * 7. kondima bokaboli bokonzi na ndenge ya likelemba na maponami. Yango wana, eleko ya mosala mwa Mokonzi wa Ekolo ekoki kozonga se mbala moko, kasi lisusu Mokonzi wa Ekolo azali na makoki ma kobatela Mobeko Likonzi, bonsomi bwa ekolo, etando mobimba ya ekolo, bokonzi bwa ekolo, botosi mibembano mpé boyokani na molongo mpé akozala mobongisi mpé mosemboli esaleli elamu ya bituluku bya ekolo, na lisalisi lya Mbula Matari mpé na bososoli bwa Lingomba lya Bantoma. Bikela bya solo biye, Mokonzi wa Ekolo akotia maboko mpo ya mambi matali Mbula Matari to maye makambemi na Baminisele, bisengeli kozwa elembo ya [[Minisele wa yambo]] mpé, ntango mosusu, ya [[Minisele|Baminisele]], baye basengeli kosalela mpé kondima mokumba mona liboso lya Lingomba lya Bantoma. Mingi mpenza makambo matali bapaya, bobateli mpé bokengi bwa ekolo, maye mazalaki liboso se na maboko ma Mokonzi wa Ekolo, makomi mambi ma boyokani. Kasi, Mbula Matari, na bokasi bwa Minisele wa Yambo azali nkolo mpe motambwisi wa politiki ya ekolo, eye akobongisa na boyokani na Mokonzi wa Ekolo. Azali na mokumba mwa kotanga misala mia ye liboso lya Lingomba lya Bantoma liye, lisanga, likoki kopesa ye etumbu na ndenge ya bopaleli ye. Lingomba lya Bantoma likoki lisusu kotatola libunga yoko yoko ya bakambi ba Mbula Matari na nzela ya mokanda mwa bokebisi. Na bosangani na likita linene, Lingomba lya bantoma-basali mpé lya babongisi mibeko, lizali na makoki ma kofunda Mokonzi wa Ekolo mpé Minisele wa yambo liboso lya Ndako ya bazuzi ba Mobeko Likonzi, mingi mpenza na libunga linene lya boteki ekolo mpé boyebi mabe makoki kobebisa ekolo. Epai mosusu, na ntina ya makoki ma bokonzi mapesami na basali mibeko mpé na makoki ma kolanda misala mia Mbula Matari, bantoma ba ekolo bazali o likolo lya mibeko te; matomba ma bango makoki kolongwa mpé lingomba lya bantoma likoki kokufa na mobeko mwa Mokonzi wa Ekolo, soki mikakatano mizali kosila te kati na bango mpé Mbula Matari wa ekolo. Mobeko Likonzi moye mondimi lisusu bonsomi bwa bokonzi bwa bazuzi boye, basambisi banso bakambemi na Lisanga linene lya mambi matali bosembo lisangisi se basambisi mpe bakati makambo. Mpo ya bolamu bwa solo, bwanya mpe botambwisi na lombangu mikanda mia bato babuki mibeko, Ndako ya basambisi mpe bakati makambo ekabwani na biteni misato biye : * biyangeli bitali mambi ma bosambisi maye makonzami na ndako ya esambelo ya nsuka * biyangeli bia misala mia ekolo ekambemi na Lisanga lya leta * Ndako ya bosambisi mambi ma Mobeko Likonzi Mabongisi ma ntina ma Mobeko Likonzi, makoyebisa polele ndelo ya misala mia Mbula Matari mpe bingumba mpe lisusu esika ya bokutani kati ya bingumba bibale bia leta. Mpo ya kotia boyokani bolamu kati ya bingumba mpe Mbula Matari ya ekolo, likita lya bakonzi ba bingumba lisalemi na bokambemi bwa Mokonzi wa Ekolo oyo azali na mosala mwa kopesa toli na bingumba binso mibale. Se bongo, lotomo ya boyokani kati ya bingumba bia ekolo lotindi kosala sanduku ya ekolo ya bokaboli malamu misolo, etiami na boyangeli bwa Mbula Matari ya ekolo. Na botalaka bonene mpe makambo ndenge na ndenge ma botomboli nkita mpe bomoi bwa bato maye Ekolo Nsomi ya Kongo ezali kokutana na yango, mosali mibeko asali Lisanga lya nkita mpe lya bato liye lipesami lotomo ya kopesa makanisi ma mambi ma nkita mpe ma bato na Mokonzi wa Ekolo, na lingomba lya bantoma mpe lya Mbula Matari ya ekolo. Mpo ya kobatela bonsomi bwa Ekolo Nsomi ya Kongo, Mobeko Likonzi moye moponi bituluku mibale mpo ya lisalisi lya bonsomi bwa bato mingi mpenza Lisanga lya maponami na bonsomi lipesami seko manaka ma kobongisa maponami bakisa Lisanga linene lya lolaka, botali mpe bopanzi nsango, liye lizali na lotomo ya kopesa bonsomi mpe kobatela mambi na zulunalo mpe nzela inso ya bopanzi sango na bato banso engebene na botosi mibeko. ==Mambi ma bobongoli mobeko likonzi== Mpo ya kobatela mambi ma boyangeli ekolo mauti na bato, maye matiami na Mobeko Likonzi moye, zambi ya mikakatano mia bomoi bwa politiki mpe mia mbongwana ndenge na ndenge, mabongisi matali lolenge ya boyangeli ekolo mauti na bato, ya mobeko mwa boponi bwa bato banso, ya bingumba binso bimonana na Mbula Matari, ya motuya mpe eleko ya boumeli na mosala mwa Mokonzi wa Ekolo, ya bonsomi bwa bokonzi bwa kosambisa mpe kokata makambo, ya boyike bwa mangomba ma politiki mpe ma sendika, makoki ata moke te kobongwama. ==Nkásá o libanda Wikipedia== * http://www.cei-rdc.org/offres/constitution_ling.pdf Mwango mwa [[Mobeko Likonzi]] mwa [[Repubiliki_ya_Kɔ́ngɔ_Demokratiki|Ekolo Nsomi ya Kongo]] * http://www.cei-rdc.org/offres/ Constitution lingála mpe Loi référendaire lingála [[fr:Constitution_de_la_République_démocratique_du_Congo]] [[en:Constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[Category:Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] Mpo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa 1921 6790 2005-11-08T11:15:03Z Bombo 12 Mpo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa moved to Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa #REDIRECT [[Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] 6792 2005-11-08T11:16:59Z Bombo 12 img [[Image:Mapcongo1914.jpg|thumb|Kongo belji (1914)]] [[Image:Mapcongo1914-2.jpg|thumb|Kongo belji (1914)]] 7795 2006-03-03T15:49:34Z Bombo 12 categorie [[Image:Mapcongo1914.jpg|thumb|Kongo belji (1914)]] [[Image:Mapcongo1914-2.jpg|thumb|Kongo belji (1914)]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] MediaWiki:Allpagesprefix 1922 sysop 6804 2005-11-09T22:45:09Z MediaWiki default Display pages with prefix: MediaWiki:Categories1 1923 sysop 6806 2005-11-09T22:45:10Z MediaWiki default Category 6878 2005-11-11T22:58:23Z Moyogo 11 singulier Loléngé MediaWiki:Confirm purge 1924 sysop 6808 2005-11-09T22:45:10Z MediaWiki default Clear the cache of this page? $1 MediaWiki:Confirm purge button 1925 sysop 6809 2005-11-09T22:45:10Z MediaWiki default OK 9136 2006-08-19T13:43:51Z Bombo 12 Ɛɛ Ɛɛ 9214 2006-08-31T10:15:16Z Bombo 12 Nandimi MediaWiki:Datedefault 1926 sysop 6813 2005-11-09T22:45:11Z MediaWiki default No preference MediaWiki:Datetime 1927 sysop 6814 2005-11-09T22:45:11Z MediaWiki default Date and time 9832 2006-11-21T21:27:22Z Bombo 12 Mokɔlɔ and time MediaWiki:Doubleredirectsarrow 1928 sysop 6816 2005-11-09T22:45:12Z MediaWiki default MediaWiki:Download 1929 sysop 6817 2005-11-09T22:45:12Z MediaWiki default download MediaWiki:Exif-photometricinterpretation-2 1930 sysop 6819 2005-11-09T22:45:14Z MediaWiki default RGB MediaWiki:Ignorewarnings 1931 sysop 6821 2005-11-09T22:45:14Z MediaWiki default Ignore any warnings MediaWiki:Importing 1932 sysop 6822 2005-11-09T22:45:14Z MediaWiki default Importing $1 MediaWiki:Importnofile 1933 sysop 6823 2005-11-09T22:45:14Z MediaWiki default No import file was uploaded. 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MediaWiki:Wantedcategories 1958 sysop 6872 2005-11-09T22:45:20Z MediaWiki default Wanted categories MediaWiki:Widthheight 1959 sysop 6874 2005-11-09T22:45:20Z MediaWiki default $1x$2 8679 2006-07-01T18:57:59Z MediaWiki default $1×$2 Joseph Kasavubu 1960 6882 2005-11-12T11:18:42Z Moyogo 11 [[Joseph Kasavubu]] moved to [[Joseph Kasa-Vubu]]: ortho #REDIRECT [[Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] User:Incelemeelemani 1961 6883 2005-11-13T17:47:42Z Incelemeelemani 39 ==Hakkımda== Name Surname: Sezgin İBİŞ<br> == Kullanılabilen değişkenler == Sayfa içi indeks için <nowiki>:{{msg:compactTOC}}</nowiki><br> == TANIMLI WİKİ DEĞİŞKENLERİ == [[Özel:Allpages|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} madde]]<br> <font color="red">'''Kodu:''' </font><nowiki>[[Özel:Allpages|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} madde]]</nowiki><br> == KARAKTERLER == <table border=2 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="float:right; padding:2px; margin-left:15px;"> <caption>Bazı Türkçe harflerin [[Evrensel kod]] (''Unicode'') değerlerinin listesi</caption> <tr align=right style="background:khaki"> <th>Harf</th><th>Kod #</th><th>Harf</th><th>Kod # </th></tr> <tr align=center style="background:white"> <td>&nbsp; ç &nbsp;</td><td> 231 </td><td> &nbsp; Ç &nbsp;</td><td> 199 </td></tr> <tr align=center style="background:white"> <td>&nbsp; ğ &nbsp;</td><td> 287 </td><td> &nbsp; Ğ &nbsp;</td><td> 286 </td></tr> <tr align=center style="background:white"> <td>&nbsp; ı &nbsp;</td><td> 305 </td><td> &nbsp; İ &nbsp;</td><td> 304 </td></tr> <tr align=center style="background:white"> <td>&nbsp; ö &nbsp;</td><td> 246 </td><td> &nbsp; Ö &nbsp;</td><td> 214 </td></tr> <tr align=center style="background:white"> <td>&nbsp; ş &nbsp;</td><td> 351 </td><td> &nbsp; Ş &nbsp;</td><td> 350 </td></tr> <tr align=center style="background:white"> <td>&nbsp; ü &nbsp;</td><td> 252 </td><td> &nbsp; Ü &nbsp;</td><td> 220 </td></tr> <tr align=center style="background:white"> <td>&nbsp; â &nbsp;</td><td> 226 </td><td> &nbsp; Â &nbsp;</td><td> 194 </td></tr> <tr align=center style="background:white"> <td>&nbsp; î &nbsp;</td><td> 238 </td><td> &nbsp; Î &nbsp;</td><td> 206 </td></tr> <tr align=center style="background:white"> <td>&nbsp; û &nbsp;</td><td> 251 </td><td> &nbsp; Û &nbsp;</td><td> 219 </td></tr> </table> <br><br> == GEREKLİ SAYFALAR == <table width="70%" border="0" align="center"> <tr> <td> [http://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:Allmessages&ot=html Tüm HTML mesajları] </td><td> [http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipedi:Sistem_mesaj_%C5%9Fablonlar%C4%B1 Düzey Şablonları] </td><td> &nbsp; </td> </tr> </table> <!--interwiki--> Wikipedia:Esiká ya kosɛka 1964 6907 2005-11-17T13:45:22Z 194.4.39.121 tongaka Category:User ln-0 1965 6908 2005-11-17T14:18:30Z 194.4.39.121 tosolola 6921 2005-11-19T08:31:10Z Hégésippe Cormier 41 [[Catégorie:Wikipediens par langue]] tosolola [[Catégorie:Wikipediens par langue]] 6922 2005-11-19T08:32:01Z Hégésippe Cormier 41 oops : [[Category:Wikipediens par langue]] tosolola [[Category:Wikipediens par langue]] Category:User ln-1 1966 6909 2005-11-19T08:22:21Z Hégésippe Cormier 41 [[Category:User ln]] [[Category:User ln]] Category:User ln-3 1967 6910 2005-11-19T08:23:10Z Hégésippe Cormier 41 [[Category:User ln]] [[Category:User ln]] Category:User ln-2 1968 6911 2005-11-19T08:23:17Z Hégésippe Cormier 41 [[Category:User ln]] [[Category:User ln]] Category:User ln-M 1969 6912 2005-11-19T08:23:34Z Hégésippe Cormier 41 [[Category:User ln]] [[Category:User ln]] Category:User fr-3 1970 6913 2005-11-19T08:26:06Z Hégésippe Cormier 41 [[Category:User fr]] [[Category:User fr]] 9439 2006-10-09T11:07:15Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: als, ang, ar, az, be, br, bs, cs, cy, da, de, en, eo, et, eu, fa, fi, fo, fr, fy, ga, gl, he, ht, hu, id, io, ja, ka, kk, ko, ku, lb, li, lt, lv, mg, mi, mt, na, nds, nl, no, pl, pt, qu, ru, scn, sh, simple, sk, sl, sq, sr, sv, th, tl, [[Category:User fr]] [[als:Kategorie:User fr-3]] [[ang:Category:User fr-3]] [[ar:تصنيف:مستخدم fr-3]] [[az:Kateqoriya:User fr-3]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Вікіпэдыйцы, якія ведаюць мову fr-3]] [[br:Rummad:Implijer fr-3]] [[bs:Kategorija:User fr-3]] [[cs:Kategorie:User fr-3]] [[cy:Categori:User fr-3]] [[da:Kategori:Brugere fr-3]] [[de:Kategorie:User fr-3]] [[en:Category:User fr-3]] [[eo:Kategorio:Vikipediisto fr-3]] [[et:Kategooria:User fr-3]] [[eu:Kategoria:Frantsesa maila aurreratuan]] [[fa:رده:User fr-3]] [[fi:Luokka:User fr-3]] [[fo:Bólkur:Brúkari fr-3]] [[fr:Catégorie:Utilisateur fr-3]] [[fy:Kategory:Meidogger/Taal fr-3]] [[ga:Catagóir:Úsáideoir fr-3]] [[gl:Category:Usuario fr-3]] [[he:קטגוריה:User fr-3]] [[ht:Category:User fr-3]] [[hu:Kategória:User fr-3]] [[id:Kategori:User fr-3]] [[io:Category:User fr-3]] [[ja:Category:User fr-3]] [[ka:კატეგორია:მომხმარებელი fr-3]] [[kk:Category:User fr-3]] [[ko:분류:사용자 fr-3]] [[ku:Kategorî:User fr-3]] [[lb:Category:User fr-3]] [[li:Kategorie:Gebroeker fr-3]] [[lt:Kategorija:User fr-3]] [[lv:Kategorija:User fr-3]] [[mg:Category:User fr-3]] [[mi:Category:User fr-3]] [[mt:Category:User fr-3]] [[na:Category:User fr-3]] [[nds:Kategorie:User fr-3]] [[nl:Categorie:Gebruiker fr-3]] [[no:Kategori:Bruker fr-3]] [[pl:Kategoria:User fr-3]] [[pt:Categoria:Usuário fr-3]] [[qu:Categoría:Ruwaq:fr-3]] [[ru:Категория:User fr-3]] [[scn:Category:User fr-3]] [[sh:Category:User fr-3]] [[simple:Category:User fr-3]] [[sk:Kategória:User fr-3]] [[sl:Kategorija:Uporabnik fr-3]] [[sq:Category:User fr-3]] [[sr:Категорија:Корисник fr-3]] [[sv:Kategori:Användare fr-3]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:User fr-3]] [[tl:Category:User fr-3]] [[tr:Kategori:User fr-3]] [[uk:Категорія:User fr-3]] [[uz:Category:User fr-3]] [[vi:Thể loại:User fr-3]] [[wa:Categoreye:Uzeus fr-3]] [[zh:Category:Fr-3 使用者]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:User fr-3]] [[zh-yue:Category:User fr-3]] 9442 2006-10-10T04:42:55Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[lad:Category:User fr-3]] [[Category:User fr]] [[als:Kategorie:User fr-3]] [[ang:Category:User fr-3]] [[ar:تصنيف:مستخدم fr-3]] [[az:Kateqoriya:User fr-3]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Вікіпэдыйцы, якія ведаюць мову fr-3]] [[br:Rummad:Implijer fr-3]] [[bs:Kategorija:User fr-3]] [[cs:Kategorie:User fr-3]] [[cy:Categori:User fr-3]] [[da:Kategori:Brugere fr-3]] [[de:Kategorie:User fr-3]] [[en:Category:User fr-3]] [[eo:Kategorio:Vikipediisto fr-3]] [[et:Kategooria:User fr-3]] [[eu:Kategoria:Frantsesa maila aurreratuan]] [[fa:رده:User fr-3]] [[fi:Luokka:User fr-3]] [[fo:Bólkur:Brúkari fr-3]] [[fr:Catégorie:Utilisateur fr-3]] [[fy:Kategory:Meidogger/Taal fr-3]] [[ga:Catagóir:Úsáideoir fr-3]] [[gl:Category:Usuario fr-3]] [[he:קטגוריה:User fr-3]] [[ht:Category:User fr-3]] [[hu:Kategória:User fr-3]] [[id:Kategori:User fr-3]] [[io:Category:User fr-3]] [[ja:Category:User fr-3]] [[ka:კატეგორია:მომხმარებელი fr-3]] [[kk:Category:User fr-3]] [[ko:분류:사용자 fr-3]] [[ku:Kategorî:User fr-3]] [[lad:Category:User fr-3]] [[lb:Category:User fr-3]] [[li:Kategorie:Gebroeker fr-3]] [[lt:Kategorija:User fr-3]] [[lv:Kategorija:User fr-3]] [[mg:Category:User fr-3]] [[mi:Category:User fr-3]] [[mt:Category:User fr-3]] [[na:Category:User fr-3]] [[nds:Kategorie:User fr-3]] [[nl:Categorie:Gebruiker fr-3]] [[no:Kategori:Bruker fr-3]] [[pl:Kategoria:User fr-3]] [[pt:Categoria:Usuário fr-3]] [[qu:Categoría:Ruwaq:fr-3]] [[ru:Категория:User fr-3]] [[scn:Category:User fr-3]] [[sh:Category:User fr-3]] [[simple:Category:User fr-3]] [[sk:Kategória:User fr-3]] [[sl:Kategorija:Uporabnik fr-3]] [[sq:Category:User fr-3]] [[sr:Категорија:Корисник fr-3]] [[sv:Kategori:Användare fr-3]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:User fr-3]] [[tl:Category:User fr-3]] [[tr:Kategori:User fr-3]] [[uk:Категорія:User fr-3]] [[uz:Category:User fr-3]] [[vi:Thể loại:User fr-3]] [[wa:Categoreye:Uzeus fr-3]] [[zh:Category:Fr-3 使用者]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:User fr-3]] [[zh-yue:Category:User fr-3]] 9514 2006-10-17T10:40:15Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[af:Kategorie:Gebruiker fr-3]] [[Category:User fr]] [[af:Kategorie:Gebruiker fr-3]] [[als:Kategorie:User fr-3]] [[ang:Category:User fr-3]] [[ar:تصنيف:مستخدم fr-3]] [[az:Kateqoriya:User fr-3]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Вікіпэдыйцы, якія ведаюць мову fr-3]] [[br:Rummad:Implijer fr-3]] [[bs:Kategorija:User fr-3]] [[cs:Kategorie:User fr-3]] [[cy:Categori:User fr-3]] [[da:Kategori:Brugere fr-3]] [[de:Kategorie:User fr-3]] [[en:Category:User fr-3]] [[eo:Kategorio:Vikipediisto fr-3]] [[et:Kategooria:User fr-3]] [[eu:Kategoria:Frantsesa maila aurreratuan]] [[fa:رده:User fr-3]] [[fi:Luokka:User fr-3]] [[fo:Bólkur:Brúkari fr-3]] [[fr:Catégorie:Utilisateur fr-3]] [[fy:Kategory:Meidogger/Taal fr-3]] [[ga:Catagóir:Úsáideoir fr-3]] [[gl:Category:Usuario fr-3]] [[he:קטגוריה:User fr-3]] [[ht:Category:User fr-3]] [[hu:Kategória:User fr-3]] [[id:Kategori:User fr-3]] [[io:Category:User fr-3]] [[ja:Category:User fr-3]] [[ka:კატეგორია:მომხმარებელი fr-3]] [[kk:Category:User fr-3]] [[ko:분류:사용자 fr-3]] [[ku:Kategorî:User fr-3]] [[lad:Category:User fr-3]] [[lb:Category:User fr-3]] [[li:Kategorie:Gebroeker fr-3]] [[lt:Kategorija:User fr-3]] [[lv:Kategorija:User fr-3]] [[mg:Category:User fr-3]] [[mi:Category:User fr-3]] [[mt:Category:User fr-3]] [[na:Category:User fr-3]] [[nds:Kategorie:User fr-3]] [[nl:Categorie:Gebruiker fr-3]] [[no:Kategori:Bruker fr-3]] [[pl:Kategoria:User fr-3]] [[pt:Categoria:Usuário fr-3]] [[qu:Categoría:Ruwaq:fr-3]] [[ru:Категория:User fr-3]] [[scn:Category:User fr-3]] [[sh:Category:User fr-3]] [[simple:Category:User fr-3]] [[sk:Kategória:User fr-3]] [[sl:Kategorija:Uporabnik fr-3]] [[sq:Category:User fr-3]] [[sr:Категорија:Корисник fr-3]] [[sv:Kategori:Användare fr-3]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:User fr-3]] [[tl:Category:User fr-3]] [[tr:Kategori:User fr-3]] [[uk:Категорія:User fr-3]] [[uz:Category:User fr-3]] [[vi:Thể loại:User fr-3]] [[wa:Categoreye:Uzeus fr-3]] [[zh:Category:Fr-3 使用者]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:User fr-3]] [[zh-yue:Category:User fr-3]] Category:User fr-1 1971 6914 2005-11-19T08:26:14Z Hégésippe Cormier 41 [[Category:User fr]] [[Category:User fr]] 9430 2006-10-08T16:40:35Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: als, am, az, be, bs, cs, cy, da, de, en, et, eu, fa, fi, fr, fy, gl, he, ht, hu, hy, id, ja, ka, kk, ko, ku, lb, li, lt, lv, mg, mi, mn, mt, na, nds, nl, no, oc, pl, qu, ru, scn, sh, simple, sk, sl, sq, sr, su, th, tl, tr, uk, uz, vi, [[Category:User fr]] [[als:Kategorie:User fr-1]] [[am:Category:User fr-1]] [[az:Kateqoriya:User fr-1]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Вікіпэдыйцы, якія ведаюць мову fr-1]] [[bs:Kategorija:User fr-1]] [[cs:Kategorie:User fr-1]] [[cy:Categori:User fr-1]] [[da:Kategori:Brugere fr-1]] [[de:Kategorie:User fr-1]] [[en:Category:User fr-1]] [[et:Kategooria:User fr-1]] [[eu:Kategoria:Frantsesa oinarrizko mailan]] [[fa:رده:User fr-1]] [[fi:Luokka:User fr-1]] [[fr:Catégorie:Utilisateur fr-1]] [[fy:Kategory:Meidogger/Taal fr-1]] [[gl:Category:Usuario fr-1]] [[he:קטגוריה:User fr-1]] [[ht:Category:User fr-1]] [[hu:Kategória:User fr-1]] [[hy:Category:User fr-1]] [[id:Kategori:User fr-1]] [[ja:Category:User fr-1]] [[ka:კატეგორია:მომხმარებელი fr-1]] [[kk:Category:User fr-1]] [[ko:분류:사용자 fr-1]] [[ku:Kategorî:User fr-1]] [[lb:Category:User fr-1]] [[li:Kategorie:Gebroeker fr-1]] [[lt:Kategorija:User fr-1]] [[lv:Kategorija:User fr-1]] [[mg:Category:User fr-1]] [[mi:Category:User fr-1]] [[mn:Category:User fr-1]] [[mt:Category:User fr-1]] [[na:Category:User fr-1]] [[nds:Kategorie:User fr-1]] [[nl:Categorie:Gebruiker fr-1]] [[no:Kategori:Bruker fr-1]] [[oc:Categoria:Utilisator fr-1]] [[pl:Kategoria:User fr-1]] [[qu:Categoría:Ruwaq:fr-1]] [[ru:Категория:User fr-1]] [[scn:Category:User fr-1]] [[sh:Category:User fr-1]] [[simple:Category:User fr-1]] [[sk:Kategória:User fr-1]] [[sl:Kategorija:Uporabnik fr-1]] [[sq:Category:User fr-1]] [[sr:Категорија:Корисник fr-1]] [[su:Kategori:User fr-1]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:User fr-1]] [[tl:Category:User fr-1]] [[tr:Kategori:User fr-1]] [[uk:Категорія:User fr-1]] [[uz:Category:User fr-1]] [[vi:Thể loại:User fr-1]] [[wa:Categoreye:Uzeus fr-1]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:User fr-1]] [[zh-yue:Category:User fr-1]] 9445 2006-10-10T05:05:05Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[lad:Category:User fr-1]] [[Category:User fr]] [[als:Kategorie:User fr-1]] [[am:Category:User fr-1]] [[az:Kateqoriya:User fr-1]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Вікіпэдыйцы, якія ведаюць мову fr-1]] [[bs:Kategorija:User fr-1]] [[cs:Kategorie:User fr-1]] [[cy:Categori:User fr-1]] [[da:Kategori:Brugere fr-1]] [[de:Kategorie:User fr-1]] [[en:Category:User fr-1]] [[et:Kategooria:User fr-1]] [[eu:Kategoria:Frantsesa oinarrizko mailan]] [[fa:رده:User fr-1]] [[fi:Luokka:User fr-1]] [[fr:Catégorie:Utilisateur fr-1]] [[fy:Kategory:Meidogger/Taal fr-1]] [[gl:Category:Usuario fr-1]] [[he:קטגוריה:User fr-1]] [[ht:Category:User fr-1]] [[hu:Kategória:User fr-1]] [[hy:Category:User fr-1]] [[id:Kategori:User fr-1]] [[ja:Category:User fr-1]] [[ka:კატეგორია:მომხმარებელი fr-1]] [[kk:Category:User fr-1]] [[ko:분류:사용자 fr-1]] [[ku:Kategorî:User fr-1]] [[lad:Category:User fr-1]] [[lb:Category:User fr-1]] [[li:Kategorie:Gebroeker fr-1]] [[lt:Kategorija:User fr-1]] [[lv:Kategorija:User fr-1]] [[mg:Category:User fr-1]] [[mi:Category:User fr-1]] [[mn:Category:User fr-1]] [[mt:Category:User fr-1]] [[na:Category:User fr-1]] [[nds:Kategorie:User fr-1]] [[nl:Categorie:Gebruiker fr-1]] [[no:Kategori:Bruker fr-1]] [[oc:Categoria:Utilisator fr-1]] [[pl:Kategoria:User fr-1]] [[qu:Categoría:Ruwaq:fr-1]] [[ru:Категория:User fr-1]] [[scn:Category:User fr-1]] [[sh:Category:User fr-1]] [[simple:Category:User fr-1]] [[sk:Kategória:User fr-1]] [[sl:Kategorija:Uporabnik fr-1]] [[sq:Category:User fr-1]] [[sr:Категорија:Корисник fr-1]] [[su:Kategori:User fr-1]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:User fr-1]] [[tl:Category:User fr-1]] [[tr:Kategori:User fr-1]] [[uk:Категорія:User fr-1]] [[uz:Category:User fr-1]] [[vi:Thể loại:User fr-1]] [[wa:Categoreye:Uzeus fr-1]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:User fr-1]] [[zh-yue:Category:User fr-1]] 9515 2006-10-17T10:50:46Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[af:Kategorie:Gebruiker fr-1]] [[Category:User fr]] [[af:Kategorie:Gebruiker fr-1]] [[als:Kategorie:User fr-1]] [[am:Category:User fr-1]] [[az:Kateqoriya:User fr-1]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Вікіпэдыйцы, якія ведаюць мову fr-1]] [[bs:Kategorija:User fr-1]] [[cs:Kategorie:User fr-1]] [[cy:Categori:User fr-1]] [[da:Kategori:Brugere fr-1]] [[de:Kategorie:User fr-1]] [[en:Category:User fr-1]] [[et:Kategooria:User fr-1]] [[eu:Kategoria:Frantsesa oinarrizko mailan]] [[fa:رده:User fr-1]] [[fi:Luokka:User fr-1]] [[fr:Catégorie:Utilisateur fr-1]] [[fy:Kategory:Meidogger/Taal fr-1]] [[gl:Category:Usuario fr-1]] [[he:קטגוריה:User fr-1]] [[ht:Category:User fr-1]] [[hu:Kategória:User fr-1]] [[hy:Category:User fr-1]] [[id:Kategori:User fr-1]] [[ja:Category:User fr-1]] [[ka:კატეგორია:მომხმარებელი fr-1]] [[kk:Category:User fr-1]] [[ko:분류:사용자 fr-1]] [[ku:Kategorî:User fr-1]] [[lad:Category:User fr-1]] [[lb:Category:User fr-1]] [[li:Kategorie:Gebroeker fr-1]] [[lt:Kategorija:User fr-1]] [[lv:Kategorija:User fr-1]] [[mg:Category:User fr-1]] [[mi:Category:User fr-1]] [[mn:Category:User fr-1]] [[mt:Category:User fr-1]] [[na:Category:User fr-1]] [[nds:Kategorie:User fr-1]] [[nl:Categorie:Gebruiker fr-1]] [[no:Kategori:Bruker fr-1]] [[oc:Categoria:Utilisator fr-1]] [[pl:Kategoria:User fr-1]] [[qu:Categoría:Ruwaq:fr-1]] [[ru:Категория:User fr-1]] [[scn:Category:User fr-1]] [[sh:Category:User fr-1]] [[simple:Category:User fr-1]] [[sk:Kategória:User fr-1]] [[sl:Kategorija:Uporabnik fr-1]] [[sq:Category:User fr-1]] [[sr:Категорија:Корисник fr-1]] [[su:Kategori:User fr-1]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:User fr-1]] [[tl:Category:User fr-1]] [[tr:Kategori:User fr-1]] [[uk:Категорія:User fr-1]] [[uz:Category:User fr-1]] [[vi:Thể loại:User fr-1]] [[wa:Categoreye:Uzeus fr-1]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:User fr-1]] [[zh-yue:Category:User fr-1]] 9880 2006-11-26T20:19:51Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[hsb:Kategorija:User fr-1]], [[ia:Categoria:Usator fr-1]] [[Category:User fr]] [[af:Kategorie:Gebruiker fr-1]] [[als:Kategorie:User fr-1]] [[am:Category:User fr-1]] [[az:Kateqoriya:User fr-1]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Вікіпэдыйцы, якія ведаюць мову fr-1]] [[bs:Kategorija:User fr-1]] [[cs:Kategorie:User fr-1]] [[cy:Categori:User fr-1]] [[da:Kategori:Brugere fr-1]] [[de:Kategorie:User fr-1]] [[en:Category:User fr-1]] [[et:Kategooria:User fr-1]] [[eu:Kategoria:Frantsesa oinarrizko mailan]] [[fa:رده:User fr-1]] [[fi:Luokka:User fr-1]] [[fr:Catégorie:Utilisateur fr-1]] [[fy:Kategory:Meidogger/Taal fr-1]] [[gl:Category:Usuario fr-1]] [[he:קטגוריה:User fr-1]] [[hsb:Kategorija:User fr-1]] [[ht:Category:User fr-1]] [[hu:Kategória:User fr-1]] [[hy:Category:User fr-1]] [[ia:Categoria:Usator fr-1]] [[id:Kategori:User fr-1]] [[ja:Category:User fr-1]] [[ka:კატეგორია:მომხმარებელი fr-1]] [[kk:Category:User fr-1]] [[ko:분류:사용자 fr-1]] [[ku:Kategorî:User fr-1]] [[lad:Category:User fr-1]] [[lb:Category:User fr-1]] [[li:Kategorie:Gebroeker fr-1]] [[lt:Kategorija:User fr-1]] [[lv:Kategorija:User fr-1]] [[mg:Category:User fr-1]] [[mi:Category:User fr-1]] [[mn:Category:User fr-1]] [[mt:Category:User fr-1]] [[na:Category:User fr-1]] [[nds:Kategorie:User fr-1]] [[nl:Categorie:Gebruiker fr-1]] [[no:Kategori:Bruker fr-1]] [[oc:Categoria:Utilisator fr-1]] [[pl:Kategoria:User fr-1]] [[qu:Categoría:Ruwaq:fr-1]] [[ru:Категория:User fr-1]] [[scn:Category:User fr-1]] [[sh:Category:User fr-1]] [[simple:Category:User fr-1]] [[sk:Kategória:User fr-1]] [[sl:Kategorija:Uporabnik fr-1]] [[sq:Category:User fr-1]] [[sr:Категорија:Корисник fr-1]] [[su:Kategori:User fr-1]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:User fr-1]] [[tl:Category:User fr-1]] [[tr:Kategori:User fr-1]] [[uk:Категорія:User fr-1]] [[uz:Category:User fr-1]] [[vi:Thể loại:User fr-1]] [[wa:Categoreye:Uzeus fr-1]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:User fr-1]] [[zh-yue:Category:User fr-1]] 10008 2006-12-19T20:09:29Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: ca, eo, ga, it, la, pdc, pt, sv, zh [[Category:User fr]] [[af:Kategorie:Gebruiker fr-1]] [[als:Kategorie:User fr-1]] [[am:Category:User fr-1]] [[az:Kateqoriya:User fr-1]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Вікіпэдыйцы, якія ведаюць мову fr-1]] [[bs:Kategorija:User fr-1]] [[ca:Categoria:Usuaris per idioma - Français-1]] [[cs:Kategorie:User fr-1]] [[cy:Categori:User fr-1]] [[da:Kategori:Brugere fr-1]] [[de:Kategorie:User fr-1]] [[en:Category:User fr-1]] [[eo:Kategorio:Vikipediisto fr-1]] [[et:Kategooria:User fr-1]] [[eu:Kategoria:Frantsesa oinarrizko mailan]] [[fa:رده:User fr-1]] [[fi:Luokka:User fr-1]] [[fr:Catégorie:Utilisateur fr-1]] [[fy:Kategory:Meidogger/Taal fr-1]] [[ga:Catagóir:Úsáideoir fr-1]] [[gl:Category:Usuario fr-1]] [[he:קטגוריה:User fr-1]] [[hsb:Kategorija:User fr-1]] [[ht:Category:User fr-1]] [[hu:Kategória:User fr-1]] [[hy:Category:User fr-1]] [[ia:Categoria:Usator fr-1]] [[id:Kategori:User fr-1]] [[it:Categoria:Utenti fr-1]] [[ja:Category:User fr-1]] [[ka:კატეგორია:მომხმარებელი fr-1]] [[kk:Санат:User fr-1]] [[ko:분류:사용자 fr-1]] [[ku:Kategorî:User fr-1]] [[la:Categoria:Usor fr-1]] [[lad:Category:User fr-1]] [[lb:Category:User fr-1]] [[li:Kategorie:Gebroeker fr-1]] [[lt:Kategorija:User fr-1]] [[lv:Kategorija:User fr-1]] [[mg:Category:User fr-1]] [[mi:Category:User fr-1]] [[mn:Category:User fr-1]] [[mt:Category:User fr-1]] [[na:Category:User fr-1]] [[nds:Kategorie:User fr-1]] [[nl:Categorie:Gebruiker fr-1]] [[no:Kategori:Bruker fr-1]] [[oc:Categoria:Utilisator fr-1]] [[pdc:Category:Benutzer fr-1]] [[pl:Kategoria:User fr-1]] [[pt:Categoria:Usuário fr-1]] [[qu:Categoría:Ruwaq:fr-1]] [[ru:Категория:User fr-1]] [[scn:Category:User fr-1]] [[sh:Category:User fr-1]] [[simple:Category:User fr-1]] [[sk:Kategória:User fr-1]] [[sl:Kategorija:Uporabnik fr-1]] [[sq:Category:User fr-1]] [[sr:Категорија:Корисник fr-1]] [[su:Kategori:User fr-1]] [[sv:Kategori:Användare fr-1]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:User fr-1]] [[tl:Category:User fr-1]] [[tr:Kategori:User fr-1]] [[uk:Категорія:User fr-1]] [[uz:Category:User fr-1]] [[vi:Thể loại:User fr-1]] [[wa:Categoreye:Uzeus fr-1]] [[zh:Category:Fr-1 使用者]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:User fr-1]] [[zh-yue:Category:User fr-1]] Category:User fr-2 1972 6915 2005-11-19T08:26:21Z Hégésippe Cormier 41 [[Category:User fr]] [[Category:User fr]] 9440 2006-10-09T11:17:48Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: als, ar, az, be, br, bs, cs, cy, da, de, el, en, eo, et, eu, fa, fi, fo, fr, fy, ga, gl, he, ht, hu, hy, id, io, ja, ka, kk, ko, ku, lb, li, lt, lv, mg, mi, mt, na, nds, nl, no, pl, pt, qu, ru, scn, sh, simple, sk, sl, sm, sq, sr, sv, [[Category:User fr]] [[als:Kategorie:User fr-2]] [[ar:تصنيف:مستخدم fr-2]] [[az:Kateqoriya:User fr-2]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Вікіпэдыйцы, якія ведаюць мову fr-2]] [[br:Rummad:Implijer fr-2]] [[bs:Kategorija:User fr-2]] [[cs:Kategorie:User fr-2]] [[cy:Categori:User fr-2]] [[da:Kategori:Brugere fr-2]] [[de:Kategorie:User fr-2]] [[el:Κατηγορία:User fr-2]] [[en:Category:User fr-2]] [[eo:Kategorio:Vikipediisto fr-2]] [[et:Kategooria:User fr-2]] [[eu:Kategoria:Frantsesa maila ertainean]] [[fa:رده:User fr-2]] [[fi:Luokka:User fr-2]] [[fo:Bólkur:Brúkari fr-2]] [[fr:Catégorie:Utilisateur fr-2]] [[fy:Kategory:Meidogger/Taal fr-2]] [[ga:Catagóir:Úsáideoir fr-2]] [[gl:Category:Usuario fr-2]] [[he:קטגוריה:User fr-2]] [[ht:Category:User fr-2]] [[hu:Kategória:User fr-2]] [[hy:Category:User fr-2]] [[id:Kategori:User fr-2]] [[io:Category:User fr-2]] [[ja:Category:User fr-2]] [[ka:კატეგორია:მომხმარებელი fr-2]] [[kk:Category:User fr-2]] [[ko:분류:사용자 fr-2]] [[ku:Kategorî:User fr-2]] [[lb:Category:User fr-2]] [[li:Kategorie:Gebroeker fr-2]] [[lt:Kategorija:User fr-2]] [[lv:Kategorija:User fr-2]] [[mg:Category:User fr-2]] [[mi:Category:User fr-2]] [[mt:Category:User fr-2]] [[na:Category:User fr-2]] [[nds:Kategorie:User fr-2]] [[nl:Categorie:Gebruiker fr-2]] [[no:Kategori:Bruker fr-2]] [[pl:Kategoria:User fr-2]] [[pt:Categoria:Usuário fr-2]] [[qu:Categoría:Ruwaq:fr-2]] [[ru:Категория:User fr-2]] [[scn:Category:User fr-2]] [[sh:Category:User fr-2]] [[simple:Category:User fr-2]] [[sk:Kategória:User fr-2]] [[sl:Kategorija:Uporabnik fr-2]] [[sm:Category:User fr-2]] [[sq:Category:User fr-2]] [[sr:Категорија:Корисник fr-2]] [[sv:Kategori:Användare fr-2]] [[sw:Category:User fr-2]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:User fr-2]] [[tr:Kategori:User fr-2]] [[uk:Категорія:User fr-2]] [[uz:Category:User fr-2]] [[vi:Thể loại:User fr-2]] [[wa:Categoreye:Uzeus fr-2]] [[yi:קאַטעגאָריע:User fr-2]] [[zh:Category:Fr-2 使用者]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:User fr-2]] [[zh-yue:Category:User fr-2]] 9443 2006-10-10T04:54:15Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[lad:Category:User fr-2]] [[Category:User fr]] [[als:Kategorie:User fr-2]] [[ar:تصنيف:مستخدم fr-2]] [[az:Kateqoriya:User fr-2]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Вікіпэдыйцы, якія ведаюць мову fr-2]] [[br:Rummad:Implijer fr-2]] [[bs:Kategorija:User fr-2]] [[cs:Kategorie:User fr-2]] [[cy:Categori:User fr-2]] [[da:Kategori:Brugere fr-2]] [[de:Kategorie:User fr-2]] [[el:Κατηγορία:User fr-2]] [[en:Category:User fr-2]] [[eo:Kategorio:Vikipediisto fr-2]] [[et:Kategooria:User fr-2]] [[eu:Kategoria:Frantsesa maila ertainean]] [[fa:رده:User fr-2]] [[fi:Luokka:User fr-2]] [[fo:Bólkur:Brúkari fr-2]] [[fr:Catégorie:Utilisateur fr-2]] [[fy:Kategory:Meidogger/Taal fr-2]] [[ga:Catagóir:Úsáideoir fr-2]] [[gl:Category:Usuario fr-2]] [[he:קטגוריה:User fr-2]] [[ht:Category:User fr-2]] [[hu:Kategória:User fr-2]] [[hy:Category:User fr-2]] [[id:Kategori:User fr-2]] [[io:Category:User fr-2]] [[ja:Category:User fr-2]] [[ka:კატეგორია:მომხმარებელი fr-2]] [[kk:Category:User fr-2]] [[ko:분류:사용자 fr-2]] [[ku:Kategorî:User fr-2]] [[lad:Category:User fr-2]] [[lb:Category:User fr-2]] [[li:Kategorie:Gebroeker fr-2]] [[lt:Kategorija:User fr-2]] [[lv:Kategorija:User fr-2]] [[mg:Category:User fr-2]] [[mi:Category:User fr-2]] [[mt:Category:User fr-2]] [[na:Category:User fr-2]] [[nds:Kategorie:User fr-2]] [[nl:Categorie:Gebruiker fr-2]] [[no:Kategori:Bruker fr-2]] [[pl:Kategoria:User fr-2]] [[pt:Categoria:Usuário fr-2]] [[qu:Categoría:Ruwaq:fr-2]] [[ru:Категория:User fr-2]] [[scn:Category:User fr-2]] [[sh:Category:User fr-2]] [[simple:Category:User fr-2]] [[sk:Kategória:User fr-2]] [[sl:Kategorija:Uporabnik fr-2]] [[sm:Category:User fr-2]] [[sq:Category:User fr-2]] [[sr:Категорија:Корисник fr-2]] [[sv:Kategori:Användare fr-2]] [[sw:Category:User fr-2]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:User fr-2]] [[tr:Kategori:User fr-2]] [[uk:Категорія:User fr-2]] [[uz:Category:User fr-2]] [[vi:Thể loại:User fr-2]] [[wa:Categoreye:Uzeus fr-2]] [[yi:קאַטעגאָריע:User fr-2]] [[zh:Category:Fr-2 使用者]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:User fr-2]] [[zh-yue:Category:User fr-2]] 9516 2006-10-17T11:30:27Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[af:Kategorie:Gebruiker fr-2]] [[Category:User fr]] [[af:Kategorie:Gebruiker fr-2]] [[als:Kategorie:User fr-2]] [[ar:تصنيف:مستخدم fr-2]] [[az:Kateqoriya:User fr-2]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Вікіпэдыйцы, якія ведаюць мову fr-2]] [[br:Rummad:Implijer fr-2]] [[bs:Kategorija:User fr-2]] [[cs:Kategorie:User fr-2]] [[cy:Categori:User fr-2]] [[da:Kategori:Brugere fr-2]] [[de:Kategorie:User fr-2]] [[el:Κατηγορία:User fr-2]] [[en:Category:User fr-2]] [[eo:Kategorio:Vikipediisto fr-2]] [[et:Kategooria:User fr-2]] [[eu:Kategoria:Frantsesa maila ertainean]] [[fa:رده:User fr-2]] [[fi:Luokka:User fr-2]] [[fo:Bólkur:Brúkari fr-2]] [[fr:Catégorie:Utilisateur fr-2]] [[fy:Kategory:Meidogger/Taal fr-2]] [[ga:Catagóir:Úsáideoir fr-2]] [[gl:Category:Usuario fr-2]] [[he:קטגוריה:User fr-2]] [[ht:Category:User fr-2]] [[hu:Kategória:User fr-2]] [[hy:Category:User fr-2]] [[id:Kategori:User fr-2]] [[io:Category:User fr-2]] [[ja:Category:User fr-2]] [[ka:კატეგორია:მომხმარებელი fr-2]] [[kk:Category:User fr-2]] [[ko:분류:사용자 fr-2]] [[ku:Kategorî:User fr-2]] [[lad:Category:User fr-2]] [[lb:Category:User fr-2]] [[li:Kategorie:Gebroeker fr-2]] [[lt:Kategorija:User fr-2]] [[lv:Kategorija:User fr-2]] [[mg:Category:User fr-2]] [[mi:Category:User fr-2]] [[mt:Category:User fr-2]] [[na:Category:User fr-2]] [[nds:Kategorie:User fr-2]] [[nl:Categorie:Gebruiker fr-2]] [[no:Kategori:Bruker fr-2]] [[pl:Kategoria:User fr-2]] [[pt:Categoria:Usuário fr-2]] [[qu:Categoría:Ruwaq:fr-2]] [[ru:Категория:User fr-2]] [[scn:Category:User fr-2]] [[sh:Category:User fr-2]] [[simple:Category:User fr-2]] [[sk:Kategória:User fr-2]] [[sl:Kategorija:Uporabnik fr-2]] [[sm:Category:User fr-2]] [[sq:Category:User fr-2]] [[sr:Категорија:Корисник fr-2]] [[sv:Kategori:Användare fr-2]] [[sw:Category:User fr-2]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:User fr-2]] [[tr:Kategori:User fr-2]] [[uk:Категорія:User fr-2]] [[uz:Category:User fr-2]] [[vi:Thể loại:User fr-2]] [[wa:Categoreye:Uzeus fr-2]] [[yi:קאַטעגאָריע:User fr-2]] [[zh:Category:Fr-2 使用者]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:User fr-2]] [[zh-yue:Category:User fr-2]] 9882 2006-11-26T20:52:38Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: ca, it, la, oc [[Category:User fr]] [[af:Kategorie:Gebruiker fr-2]] [[als:Kategorie:User fr-2]] [[ar:تصنيف:مستخدم fr-2]] [[az:Kateqoriya:User fr-2]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Вікіпэдыйцы, якія ведаюць мову fr-2]] [[br:Rummad:Implijer fr-2]] [[bs:Kategorija:User fr-2]] [[ca:Categoria:Usuaris per idioma - Français-2]] [[cs:Kategorie:User fr-2]] [[cy:Categori:User fr-2]] [[da:Kategori:Brugere fr-2]] [[de:Kategorie:User fr-2]] [[el:Κατηγορία:User fr-2]] [[en:Category:User fr-2]] [[eo:Kategorio:Vikipediisto fr-2]] [[et:Kategooria:User fr-2]] [[eu:Kategoria:Frantsesa maila ertainean]] [[fa:رده:User fr-2]] [[fi:Luokka:User fr-2]] [[fo:Bólkur:Brúkari fr-2]] [[fr:Catégorie:Utilisateur fr-2]] [[fy:Kategory:Meidogger/Taal fr-2]] [[ga:Catagóir:Úsáideoir fr-2]] [[gl:Category:Usuario fr-2]] [[he:קטגוריה:User fr-2]] [[ht:Category:User fr-2]] [[hu:Kategória:User fr-2]] [[hy:Category:User fr-2]] [[id:Kategori:User fr-2]] [[io:Category:User fr-2]] [[it:Categoria:Utenti fr-2]] [[ja:Category:User fr-2]] [[ka:კატეგორია:მომხმარებელი fr-2]] [[kk:Category:User fr-2]] [[ko:분류:사용자 fr-2]] [[ku:Kategorî:User fr-2]] [[la:Categoria:Usor fr-2]] [[lad:Category:User fr-2]] [[lb:Category:User fr-2]] [[li:Kategorie:Gebroeker fr-2]] [[lt:Kategorija:User fr-2]] [[lv:Kategorija:User fr-2]] [[mg:Category:User fr-2]] [[mi:Category:User fr-2]] [[mt:Category:User fr-2]] [[na:Category:User fr-2]] [[nds:Kategorie:User fr-2]] [[nl:Categorie:Gebruiker fr-2]] [[no:Kategori:Bruker fr-2]] [[oc:Categoria:Utilisator fr-2]] [[pl:Kategoria:User fr-2]] [[pt:Categoria:Usuário fr-2]] [[qu:Categoría:Ruwaq:fr-2]] [[ru:Категория:User fr-2]] [[scn:Category:User fr-2]] [[sh:Category:User fr-2]] [[simple:Category:User fr-2]] [[sk:Kategória:User fr-2]] [[sl:Kategorija:Uporabnik fr-2]] [[sm:Category:User fr-2]] [[sq:Category:User fr-2]] [[sr:Категорија:Корисник fr-2]] [[sv:Kategori:Användare fr-2]] [[sw:Category:User fr-2]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:User fr-2]] [[tr:Kategori:User fr-2]] [[uk:Категорія:User fr-2]] [[uz:Category:User fr-2]] [[vi:Thể loại:User fr-2]] [[wa:Categoreye:Uzeus fr-2]] [[yi:קאַטעגאָריע:User fr-2]] [[zh:Category:Fr-2 使用者]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:User fr-2]] [[zh-yue:Category:User fr-2]] 10007 2006-12-19T19:58:00Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[pdc:Category:Benutzer fr-2]] [[Category:User fr]] [[af:Kategorie:Gebruiker fr-2]] [[als:Kategorie:User fr-2]] [[ar:تصنيف:مستخدم fr-2]] [[az:Kateqoriya:User fr-2]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Вікіпэдыйцы, якія ведаюць мову fr-2]] [[br:Rummad:Implijer fr-2]] [[bs:Kategorija:User fr-2]] [[ca:Categoria:Usuaris per idioma - Français-2]] [[cs:Kategorie:User fr-2]] [[cy:Categori:User fr-2]] [[da:Kategori:Brugere fr-2]] [[de:Kategorie:User fr-2]] [[el:Κατηγορία:User fr-2]] [[en:Category:User fr-2]] [[eo:Kategorio:Vikipediisto fr-2]] [[et:Kategooria:User fr-2]] [[eu:Kategoria:Frantsesa maila ertainean]] [[fa:رده:User fr-2]] [[fi:Luokka:User fr-2]] [[fo:Bólkur:Brúkari fr-2]] [[fr:Catégorie:Utilisateur fr-2]] [[fy:Kategory:Meidogger/Taal fr-2]] [[ga:Catagóir:Úsáideoir fr-2]] [[gl:Category:Usuario fr-2]] [[he:קטגוריה:User fr-2]] [[ht:Category:User fr-2]] [[hu:Kategória:User fr-2]] [[hy:Category:User fr-2]] [[id:Kategori:User fr-2]] [[io:Category:User fr-2]] [[it:Categoria:Utenti fr-2]] [[ja:Category:User fr-2]] [[ka:კატეგორია:მომხმარებელი fr-2]] [[kk:Санат:User fr-2]] [[ko:분류:사용자 fr-2]] [[ku:Kategorî:User fr-2]] [[la:Categoria:Usor fr-2]] [[lad:Category:User fr-2]] [[lb:Category:User fr-2]] [[li:Kategorie:Gebroeker fr-2]] [[lt:Kategorija:User fr-2]] [[lv:Kategorija:User fr-2]] [[mg:Category:User fr-2]] [[mi:Category:User fr-2]] [[mt:Category:User fr-2]] [[na:Category:User fr-2]] [[nds:Kategorie:User fr-2]] [[nl:Categorie:Gebruiker fr-2]] [[no:Kategori:Bruker fr-2]] [[oc:Categoria:Utilisator fr-2]] [[pdc:Category:Benutzer fr-2]] [[pl:Kategoria:User fr-2]] [[pt:Categoria:Usuário fr-2]] [[qu:Categoría:Ruwaq:fr-2]] [[ru:Категория:User fr-2]] [[scn:Category:User fr-2]] [[sh:Category:User fr-2]] [[simple:Category:User fr-2]] [[sk:Kategória:User fr-2]] [[sl:Kategorija:Uporabnik fr-2]] [[sm:Category:User fr-2]] [[sq:Category:User fr-2]] [[sr:Категорија:Корисник fr-2]] [[sv:Kategori:Användare fr-2]] [[sw:Category:User fr-2]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:User fr-2]] [[tr:Kategori:User fr-2]] [[uk:Категорія:User fr-2]] [[uz:Category:User fr-2]] [[vi:Thể loại:User fr-2]] [[wa:Categoreye:Uzeus fr-2]] [[yi:קאַטעגאָריע:User fr-2]] [[zh:Category:Fr-2 使用者]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:User fr-2]] [[zh-yue:Category:User fr-2]] Category:User fr-M 1973 6916 2005-11-19T08:26:53Z Hégésippe Cormier 41 [[Category:User fr]] [[Category:User fr]] Category:User en-M 1974 6917 2005-11-19T08:27:50Z Hégésippe Cormier 41 [[Category:User en]] [[Category:User en]] Category:User en-3 1975 6918 2005-11-19T08:27:59Z Hégésippe Cormier 41 [[Category:User en]] [[Category:User en]] Category:User en-1 1976 6919 2005-11-19T08:28:36Z Hégésippe Cormier 41 [[Category:User en]] [[Category:User en]] Category:User en-2 1977 6920 2005-11-19T08:28:54Z Hégésippe Cormier 41 [[Category:User en]] [[Category:User en]] Category:User de-3 1978 6923 2005-11-19T08:32:44Z Hégésippe Cormier 41 [[Category:User de]] [[Category:User de]] Category:User de-1 1979 6924 2005-11-19T08:33:50Z Hégésippe Cormier 41 [[Category:User de]] [[Category:User de]] User talk:Hégésippe Cormier 1980 6925 2005-11-19T08:35:01Z Hégésippe Cormier 41 fr: '''[[:fr:Discussion Utilisateur:Hégésippe Cormier]]''' User:Hégésippe Cormier 1981 6926 2005-11-19T08:36:49Z Hégésippe Cormier 41 bon, maintennat je peux placer mon {{babel-4}} sans risquer d'avoir des liens rouges... {{babel-4|fr|en-2|de-1|ln-0}} '''[[:fr:Utilisateur:Hégésippe Cormier]]''' Category:User es-2 1982 6927 2005-11-19T08:37:36Z Hégésippe Cormier 41 [[Category:User es]] [[Category:User es]] Category:User es-1 1983 6929 2005-11-19T08:39:02Z Hégésippe Cormier 41 [[Category:User es]] [[Category:User es]] Category:User als-1 1984 6930 2005-11-19T08:39:49Z Hégésippe Cormier 41 [[Category:User als]] [[Category:User als]] 9525 2006-10-20T21:04:35Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: als, cs, de, en, fr, id, ja, ko, lad, na, nds, nl, no, ru, simple, sk [[Category:User als]] [[als:Kategorie:User als-1]] [[cs:Kategorie:User als-1]] [[de:Kategorie:User als-1]] [[en:Category:User als-1]] [[fr:Catégorie:Utilisateur als-1]] [[id:Kategori:User als-1]] [[ja:Category:User als-1]] [[ko:분류:사용자 als-1]] [[lad:Category:User als-1]] [[na:Category:User als-1]] [[nds:Kategorie:User als-1]] [[nl:Categorie:Gebruiker als-1]] [[no:Kategori:Bruker als-1]] [[ru:Категория:User als-1]] [[simple:Category:User als-1]] [[sk:Kategória:User als-1]] Category:User als-M 1985 6931 2005-11-19T08:39:55Z Hégésippe Cormier 41 [[Category:User als]] [[Category:User als]] 9527 2006-10-20T21:08:35Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: als, de, en, fi, fr, id, ja, ko, lad, na, nds, pdc, simple, sk [[Category:User als]] [[als:Kategorie:User als-M]] [[de:Kategorie:User als-M]] [[en:Category:User als-N]] [[fi:Luokka:User als-M]] [[fr:Catégorie:Utilisateur als-M]] [[id:Kategori:User als-N]] [[ja:Category:User als-N]] [[ko:분류:사용자 als-M]] [[lad:Category:User als-N]] [[na:Category:User als-N]] [[nds:Kategorie:User als-M]] [[pdc:Category:User als-M]] [[simple:Category:User als-N]] [[sk:Kategória:User als-N]] Category:User it 1986 6932 2005-11-19T08:41:39Z Hégésippe Cormier 41 [[Category:Wikipediens par langue]] [[Category:Wikipediens par langue]] 9429 2006-10-08T16:25:35Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: als, ast, az, be, br, bs, ca, cs, cy, da, de, el, en, eo, es, et, eu, fa, fi, fr, ga, gl, he, ht, hu, id, it, ja, ka, ko, lb, lt, lv, mg, mt, na, nah, nds, nl, no, oc, pl, pt, ro, ru, scn, sh, simple, sk, sl, sq, sr, sv, tl, tr, uk, uz [[Category:Wikipediens par langue]] [[als:Kategorie:User it]] [[ast:Categoría:Usuarios por idioma - Italianu]] [[az:Kateqoriya:User it]] [[be:Катэгорыя:User it]] [[br:Rummad:Implijer it]] [[bs:Kategorija:User it]] [[ca:Categoria:Usuaris per idioma - Italiano]] [[cs:Kategorie:User it]] [[cy:Categori:User it]] [[da:Kategori:Brugere it]] [[de:Kategorie:User it]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Χρήστης it]] [[en:Category:User it]] [[eo:Kategorio:Vikipediisto it]] [[es:Categoría:Usuarios por idioma - Italiano]] [[et:Kategooria:User it]] [[eu:Kategoria:Italiera (erabiltzaileak)]] [[fa:رده:User it]] [[fi:Luokka:User it]] [[fr:Catégorie:Utilisateur it]] [[ga:Catagóir:Úsáideoir it]] [[gl:Category:Usuario it]] [[he:קטגוריה:User it]] [[ht:Category:User it]] [[hu:Kategória:User it]] [[id:Kategori:User it]] [[it:Categoria:Utenti it]] [[ja:Category:User it]] [[ka:კატეგორია:მომხმარებელი it]] [[ko:분류:사용자 it]] [[lb:Category:User it]] [[lt:Kategorija:User it]] [[lv:Kategorija:User it]] [[mg:Category:User it]] [[mt:Category:User it]] [[na:Category:User it]] [[nah:Categoría:Usuarios ic tlahtōlli it]] [[nds:Kategorie:User it]] [[nl:Categorie:Gebruiker it]] [[no:Kategori:Bruker it]] [[oc:Categoria:Utilisator it]] [[pl:Kategoria:User it]] [[pt:Categoria:Usuário it]] [[ro:Categorie:Utilizator it]] [[ru:Категория:User it]] [[scn:Category:User it]] [[sh:Category:User it]] [[simple:Category:User it]] [[sk:Kategória:User it]] [[sl:Kategorija:Uporabnik it]] [[sq:Category:User it]] [[sr:Категорија:Корисник it]] [[sv:Kategori:Användare it]] [[tl:Category:User it]] [[tr:Kategori:User it]] [[uk:Категорія:User it]] [[uz:Category:User it]] [[wa:Categoreye:Uzeus it]] [[zh:Category:It 使用者]] [[zh-yue:Category:User it]] 9448 2006-10-10T09:36:40Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[lad:Category:User it]] [[Category:Wikipediens par langue]] [[als:Kategorie:User it]] [[ast:Categoría:Usuarios por idioma - Italianu]] [[az:Kateqoriya:User it]] [[be:Катэгорыя:User it]] [[br:Rummad:Implijer it]] [[bs:Kategorija:User it]] [[ca:Categoria:Usuaris per idioma - Italiano]] [[cs:Kategorie:User it]] [[cy:Categori:User it]] [[da:Kategori:Brugere it]] [[de:Kategorie:User it]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Χρήστης it]] [[en:Category:User it]] [[eo:Kategorio:Vikipediisto it]] [[es:Categoría:Usuarios por idioma - Italiano]] [[et:Kategooria:User it]] [[eu:Kategoria:Italiera (erabiltzaileak)]] [[fa:رده:User it]] [[fi:Luokka:User it]] [[fr:Catégorie:Utilisateur it]] [[ga:Catagóir:Úsáideoir it]] [[gl:Category:Usuario it]] [[he:קטגוריה:User it]] [[ht:Category:User it]] [[hu:Kategória:User it]] [[id:Kategori:User it]] [[it:Categoria:Utenti it]] [[ja:Category:User it]] [[ka:კატეგორია:მომხმარებელი it]] [[ko:분류:사용자 it]] [[lad:Category:User it]] [[lb:Category:User it]] [[lt:Kategorija:User it]] [[lv:Kategorija:User it]] [[mg:Category:User it]] [[mt:Category:User it]] [[na:Category:User it]] [[nah:Categoría:Usuarios ic tlahtōlli it]] [[nds:Kategorie:User it]] [[nl:Categorie:Gebruiker it]] [[no:Kategori:Bruker it]] [[oc:Categoria:Utilisator it]] [[pl:Kategoria:User it]] [[pt:Categoria:Usuário it]] [[ro:Categorie:Utilizator it]] [[ru:Категория:User it]] [[scn:Category:User it]] [[sh:Category:User it]] [[simple:Category:User it]] [[sk:Kategória:User it]] [[sl:Kategorija:Uporabnik it]] [[sq:Category:User it]] [[sr:Категорија:Корисник it]] [[sv:Kategori:Användare it]] [[tl:Category:User it]] [[tr:Kategori:User it]] [[uk:Категорія:User it]] [[uz:Category:User it]] [[wa:Categoreye:Uzeus it]] [[zh:Category:It 使用者]] [[zh-yue:Category:User it]] Category:User it-1 1987 6933 2005-11-19T08:42:50Z Hégésippe Cormier 41 [[Category:User it]] [[Category:User it]] 9428 2006-10-08T16:18:34Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: als, az, bs, cs, cy, da, de, el, en, et, eu, fi, fr, gl, he, ht, hu, id, it, ja, ko, lb, lt, lv, mg, mt, na, nds, nl, no, oc, pl, ru, scn, sh, simple, sk, sl, sq, tl, tr, uk, uz, wa, zh-yue [[Category:User it]] [[als:Kategorie:User it-1]] [[az:Kateqoriya:User it-1]] [[bs:Kategorija:User it-1]] [[cs:Kategorie:User it-1]] [[cy:Categori:User it-1]] [[da:Kategori:Brugere it-1]] [[de:Kategorie:User it-1]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Χρήστης it-1]] [[en:Category:User it-1]] [[et:Kategooria:User it-1]] [[eu:Kategoria:Italiera oinarrizko mailan]] [[fi:Luokka:User it-1]] [[fr:Catégorie:Utilisateur it-1]] [[gl:Category:Usuario it-1]] [[he:קטגוריה:User it-1]] [[ht:Category:User it-1]] [[hu:Kategória:User it-1]] [[id:Kategori:User it-1]] [[it:Categoria:Utenti it-1]] [[ja:Category:User it-1]] [[ko:분류:사용자 it-1]] [[lb:Category:User it-1]] [[lt:Kategorija:User it-1]] [[lv:Kategorija:User it-1]] [[mg:Category:User it-1]] [[mt:Category:User it-1]] [[na:Category:User it-1]] [[nds:Kategorie:User it-1]] [[nl:Categorie:Gebruiker it-1]] [[no:Kategori:Bruker it-1]] [[oc:Categoria:Utilisator it-1]] [[pl:Kategoria:User it-1]] [[ru:Категория:User it-1]] [[scn:Category:User it-1]] [[sh:Category:User it-1]] [[simple:Category:User it-1]] [[sk:Kategória:User it-1]] [[sl:Kategorija:Uporabnik it-1]] [[sq:Category:User it-1]] [[tl:Category:User it-1]] [[tr:Kategori:User it-1]] [[uk:Категорія:User it-1]] [[uz:Category:User it-1]] [[wa:Categoreye:Uzeus it-1]] [[zh-yue:Category:User it-1]] 9447 2006-10-10T09:28:40Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[lad:Category:User it-1]] [[Category:User it]] [[als:Kategorie:User it-1]] [[az:Kateqoriya:User it-1]] [[bs:Kategorija:User it-1]] [[cs:Kategorie:User it-1]] [[cy:Categori:User it-1]] [[da:Kategori:Brugere it-1]] [[de:Kategorie:User it-1]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Χρήστης it-1]] [[en:Category:User it-1]] [[et:Kategooria:User it-1]] [[eu:Kategoria:Italiera oinarrizko mailan]] [[fi:Luokka:User it-1]] [[fr:Catégorie:Utilisateur it-1]] [[gl:Category:Usuario it-1]] [[he:קטגוריה:User it-1]] [[ht:Category:User it-1]] [[hu:Kategória:User it-1]] [[id:Kategori:User it-1]] [[it:Categoria:Utenti it-1]] [[ja:Category:User it-1]] [[ko:분류:사용자 it-1]] [[lad:Category:User it-1]] [[lb:Category:User it-1]] [[lt:Kategorija:User it-1]] [[lv:Kategorija:User it-1]] [[mg:Category:User it-1]] [[mt:Category:User it-1]] [[na:Category:User it-1]] [[nds:Kategorie:User it-1]] [[nl:Categorie:Gebruiker it-1]] [[no:Kategori:Bruker it-1]] [[oc:Categoria:Utilisator it-1]] [[pl:Kategoria:User it-1]] [[ru:Категория:User it-1]] [[scn:Category:User it-1]] [[sh:Category:User it-1]] [[simple:Category:User it-1]] [[sk:Kategória:User it-1]] [[sl:Kategorija:Uporabnik it-1]] [[sq:Category:User it-1]] [[tl:Category:User it-1]] [[tr:Kategori:User it-1]] [[uk:Категорія:User it-1]] [[uz:Category:User it-1]] [[wa:Categoreye:Uzeus it-1]] [[zh-yue:Category:User it-1]] 9945 2006-12-10T22:12:41Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[eo:Kategorio:Vikipediisto it-1]], [[sr:Категорија:Корисник it-1]] [[Category:User it]] [[als:Kategorie:User it-1]] [[az:Kateqoriya:User it-1]] [[bs:Kategorija:User it-1]] [[cs:Kategorie:User it-1]] [[cy:Categori:User it-1]] [[da:Kategori:Brugere it-1]] [[de:Kategorie:User it-1]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Χρήστης it-1]] [[en:Category:User it-1]] [[eo:Kategorio:Vikipediisto it-1]] [[et:Kategooria:User it-1]] [[eu:Kategoria:Italiera oinarrizko mailan]] [[fi:Luokka:User it-1]] [[fr:Catégorie:Utilisateur it-1]] [[gl:Category:Usuario it-1]] [[he:קטגוריה:User it-1]] [[ht:Category:User it-1]] [[hu:Kategória:User it-1]] [[id:Kategori:User it-1]] [[it:Categoria:Utenti it-1]] [[ja:Category:User it-1]] [[ko:분류:사용자 it-1]] [[lad:Category:User it-1]] [[lb:Category:User it-1]] [[lt:Kategorija:User it-1]] [[lv:Kategorija:User it-1]] [[mg:Category:User it-1]] [[mt:Category:User it-1]] [[na:Category:User it-1]] [[nds:Kategorie:User it-1]] [[nl:Categorie:Gebruiker it-1]] [[no:Kategori:Bruker it-1]] [[oc:Categoria:Utilisator it-1]] [[pl:Kategoria:User it-1]] [[ru:Категория:User it-1]] [[scn:Category:User it-1]] [[sh:Category:User it-1]] [[simple:Category:User it-1]] [[sk:Kategória:User it-1]] [[sl:Kategorija:Uporabnik it-1]] [[sq:Category:User it-1]] [[sr:Категорија:Корисник it-1]] [[tl:Category:User it-1]] [[tr:Kategori:User it-1]] [[uk:Категорія:User it-1]] [[uz:Category:User it-1]] [[wa:Categoreye:Uzeus it-1]] [[zh-yue:Category:User it-1]] Category:User ja 1988 6936 2005-11-19T08:47:13Z Hégésippe Cormier 41 [[Category:Wikipediens par langue]] [[Category:Wikipediens par langue]] 9434 2006-10-08T19:37:37Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: af, als, am, ast, az, be, bg, br, bs, ca, ce, chr, cs, cy, da, de, en, eo, es, et, eu, fa, fi, fr, ga, gn, he, ht, hu, id, io, is, it, ja, ka, kk, ko, ku, kw, lad, lb, lt, lv, mg, mi, mn, na, nah, nds, nds-nl, nl, no, oc, pl, ps, pt, q [[Category:Wikipediens par langue]] [[af:Kategorie:Gebruiker ja]] [[als:Kategorie:User ja]] [[am:Category:User ja]] [[ast:Categoría:Usuarios por idioma - Xaponés]] [[az:Kateqoriya:User ja]] [[be:Катэгорыя:User ja]] [[bg:Категория:Потребител ja]] [[br:Rummad:Implijer ja]] [[bs:Kategorija:User ja]] [[ca:Categoria:Usuaris per idioma - 日本語]] [[ce:Категория:User ja]] [[chr:Category:User ja]] [[cs:Kategorie:User ja]] [[cy:Categori:User ja]] [[da:Kategori:Brugere ja]] [[de:Kategorie:User ja]] [[en:Category:User ja]] [[eo:Kategorio:Vikipediisto ja]] [[es:Categoría:Usuarios por idioma - Japonés]] [[et:Kategooria:User ja]] [[eu:Kategoria:Japoniera (erabiltzaileak)]] [[fa:رده:User ja]] [[fi:Luokka:User ja]] [[fr:Catégorie:Utilisateur ja]] [[ga:Catagóir:Úsáideoir ja]] [[gn:Categoría:User ja]] [[he:קטגוריה:User ja]] [[ht:Category:User ja]] [[hu:Kategória:User ja]] [[id:Kategori:User ja]] [[io:Category:User ja]] [[is:Flokkur:Notandi ja]] [[it:Categoria:Utenti ja]] [[ja:Category:User ja]] [[ka:კატეგორია:მომხმარებელი ja]] [[kk:Category:User ja]] [[ko:분류:사용자 ja]] [[ku:Kategorî:User ja]] [[kw:Category:User ja]] [[lad:Category:User ja]] [[lb:Category:User ja]] [[lt:Kategorija:User ja]] [[lv:Kategorija:User ja]] [[mg:Category:User ja]] [[mi:Category:User ja]] [[mn:Category:User ja]] [[na:Category:User ja]] [[nah:Categoría:Usuarios ic tlahtōlli ja]] [[nds:Kategorie:User ja]] [[nds-nl:Categorie:Gebruker ja]] [[nl:Categorie:Gebruiker ja]] [[no:Kategori:Bruker ja]] [[oc:Categoria:Utilisator ja]] [[pl:Kategoria:User ja]] [[ps:Category:User ja]] [[pt:Categoria:Usuário ja]] [[qu:Categoría:Ruwaq:ja]] [[ru:Категория:User ja]] [[scn:Category:User ja]] [[sh:Category:User ja]] [[simple:Category:User ja]] [[sk:Kategória:User ja]] [[sl:Kategorija:Uporabnik ja]] [[sq:Category:User ja]] [[sr:Категорија:Корисник ja]] [[su:Kategori:User ja]] [[sv:Kategori:Användare ja]] [[tg:Гурӯҳ:User ja]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:User ja]] [[tl:Category:User ja]] [[tr:Kategori:User ja]] [[ug:Category:User ja]] [[uk:Категорія:User ja]] [[ur:زمرہ:User ja]] [[uz:Category:User ja]] [[vi:Thể loại:User ja]] [[wa:Categoreye:Uzeus ja]] [[zh:Category:Ja 使用者]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:User ja]] [[zh-yue:Category:User ja]] 9884 2006-11-26T21:39:16Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[ia:Categoria:Usator ja]] [[Category:Wikipediens par langue]] [[af:Kategorie:Gebruiker ja]] [[als:Kategorie:User ja]] [[am:Category:User ja]] [[ast:Categoría:Usuarios por idioma - Xaponés]] [[az:Kateqoriya:User ja]] [[be:Катэгорыя:User ja]] [[bg:Категория:Потребител ja]] [[br:Rummad:Implijer ja]] [[bs:Kategorija:User ja]] [[ca:Categoria:Usuaris per idioma - 日本語]] [[ce:Категория:User ja]] [[chr:Category:User ja]] [[cs:Kategorie:User ja]] [[cy:Categori:User ja]] [[da:Kategori:Brugere ja]] [[de:Kategorie:User ja]] [[en:Category:User ja]] [[eo:Kategorio:Vikipediisto ja]] [[es:Categoría:Usuarios por idioma - Japonés]] [[et:Kategooria:User ja]] [[eu:Kategoria:Japoniera (erabiltzaileak)]] [[fa:رده:User ja]] [[fi:Luokka:User ja]] [[fr:Catégorie:Utilisateur ja]] [[ga:Catagóir:Úsáideoir ja]] [[gn:Categoría:User ja]] [[he:קטגוריה:User ja]] [[ht:Category:User ja]] [[hu:Kategória:User ja]] [[ia:Categoria:Usator ja]] [[id:Kategori:User ja]] [[io:Category:User ja]] [[is:Flokkur:Notandi ja]] [[it:Categoria:Utenti ja]] [[ja:Category:User ja]] [[ka:კატეგორია:მომხმარებელი ja]] [[kk:Category:User ja]] [[ko:분류:사용자 ja]] [[ku:Kategorî:User ja]] [[kw:Category:User ja]] [[lad:Category:User ja]] [[lb:Category:User ja]] [[lt:Kategorija:User ja]] [[lv:Kategorija:User ja]] [[mg:Category:User ja]] [[mi:Category:User ja]] [[mn:Category:User ja]] [[na:Category:User ja]] [[nah:Categoría:Usuarios ic tlahtōlli ja]] [[nds:Kategorie:User ja]] [[nds-nl:Categorie:Gebruker ja]] [[nl:Categorie:Gebruiker ja]] [[no:Kategori:Bruker ja]] [[oc:Categoria:Utilisator ja]] [[pl:Kategoria:User ja]] [[ps:Category:User ja]] [[pt:Categoria:Usuário ja]] [[qu:Categoría:Ruwaq:ja]] [[ru:Категория:User ja]] [[scn:Category:User ja]] [[sh:Category:User ja]] [[simple:Category:User ja]] [[sk:Kategória:User ja]] [[sl:Kategorija:Uporabnik ja]] [[sq:Category:User ja]] [[sr:Категорија:Корисник ja]] [[su:Kategori:User ja]] [[sv:Kategori:Användare ja]] [[tg:Гурӯҳ:User ja]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:User ja]] [[tl:Category:User ja]] [[tr:Kategori:User ja]] [[ug:Category:User ja]] [[uk:Категорія:User ja]] [[ur:زمرہ:User ja]] [[uz:Category:User ja]] [[vi:Thể loại:User ja]] [[wa:Categoreye:Uzeus ja]] [[zh:Category:Ja 使用者]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:User ja]] [[zh-yue:Category:User ja]] 10011 2006-12-19T21:49:33Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[pdc:Category:Benutzer ja]] [[Category:Wikipediens par langue]] [[af:Kategorie:Gebruiker ja]] [[als:Kategorie:User ja]] [[am:Category:User ja]] [[ast:Categoría:Usuarios por idioma - Xaponés]] [[az:Kateqoriya:User ja]] [[be:Катэгорыя:User ja]] [[bg:Категория:Потребител ja]] [[br:Rummad:Implijer ja]] [[bs:Kategorija:User ja]] [[ca:Categoria:Usuaris per idioma - 日本語]] [[ce:Категория:User ja]] [[chr:Category:User ja]] [[cs:Kategorie:User ja]] [[cy:Categori:User ja]] [[da:Kategori:Brugere ja]] [[de:Kategorie:User ja]] [[en:Category:User ja]] [[eo:Kategorio:Vikipediisto ja]] [[es:Categoría:Usuarios por idioma - Japonés]] [[et:Kategooria:User ja]] [[eu:Kategoria:Japoniera (erabiltzaileak)]] [[fa:رده:User ja]] [[fi:Luokka:User ja]] [[fr:Catégorie:Utilisateur ja]] [[ga:Catagóir:Úsáideoir ja]] [[gn:Categoría:User ja]] [[he:קטגוריה:User ja]] [[ht:Category:User ja]] [[hu:Kategória:User ja]] [[ia:Categoria:Usator ja]] [[id:Kategori:User ja]] [[io:Category:User ja]] [[is:Flokkur:Notandi ja]] [[it:Categoria:Utenti ja]] [[ja:Category:User ja]] [[ka:კატეგორია:მომხმარებელი ja]] [[kk:Санат:User ja]] [[ko:분류:사용자 ja]] [[ku:Kategorî:User ja]] [[kw:Category:User ja]] [[lad:Category:User ja]] [[lb:Category:User ja]] [[lt:Kategorija:User ja]] [[lv:Kategorija:User ja]] [[mg:Category:User ja]] [[mi:Category:User ja]] [[mn:Category:User ja]] [[na:Category:User ja]] [[nah:Categoría:Usuarios ic tlahtōlli ja]] [[nds:Kategorie:User ja]] [[nds-nl:Categorie:Gebruker ja]] [[nl:Categorie:Gebruiker ja]] [[no:Kategori:Bruker ja]] [[oc:Categoria:Utilisator ja]] [[pdc:Category:Benutzer ja]] [[pl:Kategoria:User ja]] [[ps:Category:User ja]] [[pt:Categoria:Usuário ja]] [[qu:Categoría:Ruwaq:ja]] [[ru:Категория:User ja]] [[scn:Category:User ja]] [[sh:Category:User ja]] [[simple:Category:User ja]] [[sk:Kategória:User ja]] [[sl:Kategorija:Uporabnik ja]] [[sq:Category:User ja]] [[sr:Категорија:Корисник ja]] [[su:Kategori:User ja]] [[sv:Kategori:Användare ja]] [[tg:Гурӯҳ:User ja]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:User ja]] [[tl:Category:User ja]] [[tr:Kategori:User ja]] [[ug:Category:User ja]] [[uk:Категорія:User ja]] [[ur:زمرہ:User ja]] [[uz:Category:User ja]] [[vi:Thể loại:User ja]] [[wa:Categoreye:Uzeus ja]] [[zh:Category:Ja 使用者]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:User ja]] [[zh-yue:Category:User ja]] Category:User ja-M 1990 6939 2005-11-19T08:48:50Z Hégésippe Cormier 41 [[Category:User ja]] [[Category:User ja]] Template:Encyclopédie 1991 6952 2005-11-21T11:12:38Z Bombo 12 <center> {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin-top:0.8em;margin-bottom:0.8em" |width="50%" style="border:1px solid #CCF7CC;background:#EEFFEE"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#EEFFEE" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps xmag.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Aide:Recherche|Recherche]] &amp; [[Aide:consultation|consultation]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Articles de qualité|Articles&nbsp;de&nbsp;qualité]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Index alphabétique|Index&nbsp;alphabétique]]&nbsp;- [[Liste des listes|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;listes]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Accueil|Tous&nbsp;les&nbsp;portails]]&nbsp;- [[:Catégorie:Principale|Racine&nbsp;des&nbsp;catégories]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; |style="border:1px solid #DDDDF7;background:#F7F7FF"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#F7F7FF" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps hwinfo.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Participation &amp; [[Wikipédia:Accueil|communauté]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Accueil des nouveaux arrivants|Accueil&nbsp;pour&nbsp;les&nbsp;nouveaux&nbsp;arrivants]]&nbsp;- [[Aide:Premiers_pas|Premiers&nbsp;pas]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Projet|Participez&nbsp;aux&nbsp;projets]]&nbsp;- <!-- [[Wikipédia:Merci_pour_les_photos|Illustrez&nbsp;les&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- --> [[Aide:Poser une question|Poser&nbsp;une&nbsp;question]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Livre d'or|Livre&nbsp;d’or]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |} {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |width="50%"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcoloredit.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Portail:Arts|Arts]]'''<br /> [[portail:Ameublement|Ameublement]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Architecture et Urbanisme|Architecture et Urbanisme]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Spectacle|Arts&nbsp;du&nbsp;spectacle]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Bande dessinée|Bande&nbsp;dessinée]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Cinéma|Cinéma]]&nbsp;- [[Design]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Histoire de l'art|Histoire&nbsp;de&nbsp;l’art]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Littérature|Littérature]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Musique|Musique]]&nbsp;- [[Peinture]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Photographie|Photographie]]&nbsp;- [[Sculpture]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps colors.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Vie quotidienne & loisirs'''<br /> [[Portail:Aquariopédia|Aquariophilie]]&nbsp;- [[Bricolage]]&nbsp;- [[Cuisine]]&nbsp;- [[Culture populaire|Culture&nbsp;populaire]]&nbsp;- [[Hygiène]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Hortipédia|Jardinage]]&nbsp;- [[Jeu|Jeux]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Vigne et vin|Œnologie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Philatélie|Philatélie]]&nbsp;- [[Radio]]&nbsp;- [[Sexualité humaine|Sexualité]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Sport|Sport]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Télévision|Télévision]]&nbsp;- [[Tourisme]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps kfm home.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Société'''<br /> [[Défense et sécurité]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Droit|Droit]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Économie|Économie]]&nbsp;- [[Éducation]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Les Femmes|Femmes]]&nbsp;- [[Politique]]&nbsp;- [[Presse écrite|Presse]]&nbsp;- [[Religion]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Syndicalisme|Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Transpédia|Transports]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_bookcase.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''[[Religion]]s &amp; [[croyance]]s'''<br /> [[Athéisme]]&nbsp;- [[Bouddhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Christianisme]]&nbsp;- [[Ésotérisme]]&nbsp;- [[Hindouisme]]&nbsp;- [[Islam]]&nbsp;- [[Jaïnisme]]&nbsp;- [[Judaïsme]]&nbsp;- [[Mythologie]]&nbsp;- [[Paganisme]]&nbsp;- [[Secte]]&nbsp;- [[Sikhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Taoïsme]]&nbsp;- [[Théologie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; | {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_browser.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Atlas de la terre'''<br /> [[Climatologie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Écologie|Écologie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Géographie|Géographie]]&nbsp;- [[Géologie]]&nbsp;- [[Géopolitique]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Eau|Hydrologie]]&nbsp;- [[Météorologie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Maritime|Monde&nbsp;maritime]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Montagne|Montagne]]&nbsp;- [[Liste des pays du monde|Pays&nbsp;du&nbsp;monde]]&nbsp;- [[Toponymie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Sciences humaines'''<br /> [[Anthropologie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Archéologia|Archéologie]]&nbsp;- [[Généalogie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Cliopédia|Histoire]]&nbsp;- [[Linguistique]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Philosophie|Philosophie]]&nbsp;- [[Psychologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences cognitives|Sciences&nbsp;cognitives]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Sociologie|Sociologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Catégorie:Sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques|Sciences&nbsp;de&nbsp;l’information&nbsp;et&nbsp;des&nbsp;bibliothèques]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Sciences exactes & naturelles'''<br /> [[Portail:Astronomie|Astronomie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Biologie|Biologie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Botanique|Botanique]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Chimie|Chimie]]&nbsp;- [[Logique]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Mathématiques|Mathématiques]]&nbsp;- [[Paléontologie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Physique|Physique]]&nbsp;- [[Zoologie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps display.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Technologies & sciences appliquées'''<br /> [[Aérospatiale]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Agropédia|Agronomie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Cryptologie|Cryptologie]]&nbsp;- [[Cybernétique]]&nbsp;- [[Électronique]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Informatique|Informatique]]&nbsp;- [[Ingénierie]]&nbsp;- [[Internet]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Médecine|Médecine]]&nbsp;- [[Pharmacie]]&nbsp;- [[Robotique]]&nbsp;- [[Télécommunications]] |} |} </center> 6953 2005-11-21T11:17:37Z Bombo 12 <center> {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin-top:0.8em;margin-bottom:0.8em" |width="50%" style="border:1px solid #CCF7CC;background:#EEFFEE"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#EEFFEE" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps xmag.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Aide:Recherche|Recherche]] &amp; [[Aide:consultation|consultation]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Articles de qualité|Articles&nbsp;de&nbsp;qualité]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Index alphabétique|Index&nbsp;alphabétique]]&nbsp;- [[Liste des listes|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;listes]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Accueil|Tous&nbsp;les&nbsp;portails]]&nbsp;- [[:Catégorie:Principale|Racine&nbsp;des&nbsp;catégories]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; |style="border:1px solid #DDDDF7;background:#F7F7FF"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#F7F7FF" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps hwinfo.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Participation &amp; [[Wikipédia:Accueil|communauté]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Accueil des nouveaux arrivants|Accueil&nbsp;pour&nbsp;les&nbsp;nouveaux&nbsp;arrivants]]&nbsp;- [[Aide:Premiers_pas|Premiers&nbsp;pas]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Projet|Participez&nbsp;aux&nbsp;projets]]&nbsp;- <!-- [[Wikipédia:Merci_pour_les_photos|Illustrez&nbsp;les&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- --> [[Aide:Poser une question|Poser&nbsp;une&nbsp;question]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Livre d'or|Livre&nbsp;d’or]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |} {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |width="50%"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcoloredit.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Portail:Arts|Arts]]'''<br /> [[portail:Ameublement|Ameublement]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Architecture et Urbanisme|Architecture et Urbanisme]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Spectacle|Arts&nbsp;du&nbsp;spectacle]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Bande dessinée|Bande&nbsp;dessinée]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Cinéma|Cinéma]]&nbsp;- [[Design]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Histoire de l'art|Histoire&nbsp;de&nbsp;l’art]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Littérature|Littérature]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Musique|Musique]]&nbsp;- [[Peinture]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Photographie|Photographie]]&nbsp;- [[Sculpture]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps colors.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Vie quotidienne & loisirs'''<br /> [[Portail:Aquariopédia|Aquariophilie]]&nbsp;- [[Bricolage]]&nbsp;- [[Cuisine]]&nbsp;- [[Culture populaire|Culture&nbsp;populaire]]&nbsp;- [[Hygiène]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Hortipédia|Jardinage]]&nbsp;- [[Jeu|Jeux]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Vigne et vin|Œnologie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Philatélie|Philatélie]]&nbsp;- [[Radio]]&nbsp;- [[Sexualité humaine|Sexualité]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Sport|Sport]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Télévision|Télévision]]&nbsp;- [[Tourisme]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps kfm home.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Société'''<br /> [[Défense et sécurité]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Droit|Droit]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Économie|Économie]]&nbsp;- [[Éducation]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Les Femmes|Femmes]]&nbsp;- [[Politique]]&nbsp;- [[Presse écrite|Presse]]&nbsp;- [[Religion]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Syndicalisme|Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Transpédia|Transports]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_bookcase.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''[[Religion]]s &amp; [[croyance]]s'''<br /> [[Athéisme]]&nbsp;- [[Bouddhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Christianisme]]&nbsp;- [[Ésotérisme]]&nbsp;- [[Hindouisme]]&nbsp;- [[Islam]]&nbsp;- [[Jaïnisme]]&nbsp;- [[Judaïsme]]&nbsp;- [[Mythologie]]&nbsp;- [[Paganisme]]&nbsp;- [[Secte]]&nbsp;- [[Sikhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Taoïsme]]&nbsp;- [[Théologie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; | {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_browser.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Atlas de la terre'''<br /> [[Climatologie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Écologie|Écologie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Géographie|Jyografi]]&nbsp;- [[Géologie]]&nbsp;- [[Géopolitique]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Eau|Hydrologie]]&nbsp;- [[Météorologie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Maritime|Monde&nbsp;maritime]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Montagne|Montagne]]&nbsp;- [[Liste des pays du monde|Pays&nbsp;du&nbsp;monde]]&nbsp;- [[Toponymie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Sciences humaines'''<br /> [[Anthropologie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Archéologia|Archéologie]]&nbsp;- [[Généalogie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Cliopédia|Historianbsp;- [[Linguistique]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Philosophie|Philosophie]]&nbsp;- [[Psychologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences cognitives|Sciences&nbsp;cognitives]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Sociologie|Sociologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Catégorie:Sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques|Sciences&nbsp;de&nbsp;l’information&nbsp;et&nbsp;des&nbsp;bibliothèques]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Sciences exactes & naturelles'''<br /> [[Portail:Astronomie|Astronomie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Biologie|Biologie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Botanique|Botanique]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Chimie|Chimie]]&nbsp;- [[Logique]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Mathématiques|Mathématiques]]&nbsp;- [[Paléontologie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Physique|Physique]]&nbsp;- [[Zoologie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps display.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Technologies & sciences appliquées'''<br /> [[Aérospatiale]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Agropédia|Agronomie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Cryptologie|Cryptologie]]&nbsp;- [[Cybernétique]]&nbsp;- [[Électronique]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Informatique|Informatique]]&nbsp;- [[Ingénierie]]&nbsp;- [[Internet]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Médecine|Médecine]]&nbsp;- [[Pharmacie]]&nbsp;- [[Robotique]]&nbsp;- [[Télécommunications]] |} |} </center> 6954 2005-11-21T11:26:03Z Bombo 12 <center> {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin-top:0.8em;margin-bottom:0.8em" |width="50%" style="border:1px solid #CCF7CC;background:#EEFFEE"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#EEFFEE" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps xmag.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Special:Search|Boluki]] &amp; [[Aide:consultation|consultation]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Articles de qualité|Articles&nbsp;de&nbsp;qualité]]&nbsp;- [[Index&nbsp;alphabétique]]&nbsp;- [[Liste des listes|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;listes]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Accueil|Tous&nbsp;les&nbsp;portails]]&nbsp;- [[:Catégorie:Principale|Racine&nbsp;des&nbsp;catégories]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; |style="border:1px solid #DDDDF7;background:#F7F7FF"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#F7F7FF" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps hwinfo.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Participation &amp; [[Wikipédia:Accueil|communauté]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Accueil des nouveaux arrivants|Accueil&nbsp;pour&nbsp;les&nbsp;nouveaux&nbsp;arrivants]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipedia:Kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Projet|Participez&nbsp;aux&nbsp;projets]]&nbsp;- <!-- [[Wikipédia:Merci_pour_les_photos|Illustrez&nbsp;les&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- --> [[Wikipedia: Bosungi (FAQ)|Poser&nbsp;une&nbsp;question]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Livre d'or|Livre&nbsp;d’or]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |} {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |width="50%"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcoloredit.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Portail:Arts|Arts]]'''<br /> [[portail:Ameublement|Ameublement]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Architecture et Urbanisme|Architecture et Urbanisme]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Spectacle|Arts&nbsp;du&nbsp;spectacle]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Bande dessinée|Bande&nbsp;dessinée]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Cinéma|Cinéma]]&nbsp;- [[Design]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Histoire de l'art|Histoire&nbsp;de&nbsp;l’art]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Littérature|Littérature]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Musique|Musique]]&nbsp;- [[Peinture]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Photographie|Photographie]]&nbsp;- [[Sculpture]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps colors.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Vie quotidienne & loisirs'''<br /> [[Portail:Aquariopédia|Aquariophilie]]&nbsp;- [[Bricolage]]&nbsp;- [[Cuisine]]&nbsp;- [[Culture populaire|Culture&nbsp;populaire]]&nbsp;- [[Hygiène]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Hortipédia|Jardinage]]&nbsp;- [[Jeu|Jeux]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Vigne et vin|Œnologie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Philatélie|Philatélie]]&nbsp;- [[Radio]]&nbsp;- [[Sexualité humaine|Sexualité]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Sport|Sport]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Télévision|Télévision]]&nbsp;- [[Tourisme]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps kfm home.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Société'''<br /> [[Défense et sécurité]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Droit|Droit]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Économie|Économie]]&nbsp;- [[Éducation]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Les Femmes|Femmes]]&nbsp;- [[Politique]]&nbsp;- [[Presse écrite|Presse]]&nbsp;- [[Religion]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Syndicalisme|Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Transpédia|Transports]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_bookcase.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''[[Religion]]s &amp; [[croyance]]s'''<br /> [[Athéisme]]&nbsp;- [[Bouddhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Christianisme]]&nbsp;- [[Ésotérisme]]&nbsp;- [[Hindouisme]]&nbsp;- [[Islam]]&nbsp;- [[Jaïnisme]]&nbsp;- [[Judaïsme]]&nbsp;- [[Mythologie]]&nbsp;- [[Paganisme]]&nbsp;- [[Secte]]&nbsp;- [[Sikhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Taoïsme]]&nbsp;- [[Théologie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; | {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_browser.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Atlas de la terre'''<br /> [[Climatologie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Écologie|Écologie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Géographie|Jyografi]]&nbsp;- [[Géologie]]&nbsp;- [[Géopolitique]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Eau|Hydrologie]]&nbsp;- [[Météorologie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Maritime|Monde&nbsp;maritime]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Montagne|Montagne]]&nbsp;- [[Liste des pays du monde|Pays&nbsp;du&nbsp;monde]]&nbsp;- [[Toponymie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Sciences humaines'''<br /> [[Anthropologie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Archéologia|Archéologie]]&nbsp;- [[Généalogie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Cliopédia|Historianbsp;- [[Linguistique]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Philosophie|Philosophie]]&nbsp;- [[Psychologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences cognitives|Sciences&nbsp;cognitives]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Sociologie|Sociologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Catégorie:Sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques|Sciences&nbsp;de&nbsp;l’information&nbsp;et&nbsp;des&nbsp;bibliothèques]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Sciences exactes & naturelles'''<br /> [[Portail:Astronomie|Astronomie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Biologie|Biologie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Botanique|Botanique]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Chimie|Chimie]]&nbsp;- [[Logique]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Mathématiques|Mathématiques]]&nbsp;- [[Paléontologie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Physique|Physique]]&nbsp;- [[Zoologie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps display.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Technologies & sciences appliquées'''<br /> [[Aérospatiale]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Agropédia|Agronomie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Cryptologie|Cryptologie]]&nbsp;- [[Cybernétique]]&nbsp;- [[Électronique]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Informatique|Informatique]]&nbsp;- [[Ingénierie]]&nbsp;- [[Internet]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Médecine|Médecine]]&nbsp;- [[Pharmacie]]&nbsp;- [[Robotique]]&nbsp;- [[Télécommunications]] |} |} </center> 6955 2005-11-21T11:29:28Z Bombo 12 <center> {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin-top:0.8em;margin-bottom:0.8em" |width="50%" style="border:1px solid #CCF7CC;background:#EEFFEE"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#EEFFEE" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps xmag.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Special:Search|Boluki]] &amp; [[Aide:consultation|consultation]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Articles de qualité|Articles&nbsp;de&nbsp;qualité]]&nbsp;- [[Index&nbsp;alphabétique]]&nbsp;- [[Liste des listes|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;listes]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Accueil|Tous&nbsp;les&nbsp;portails]]&nbsp;- [[:Catégorie:Principale|Racine&nbsp;des&nbsp;catégories]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; |style="border:1px solid #DDDDF7;background:#F7F7FF"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#F7F7FF" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps hwinfo.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Participation &amp; [[Wikipédia:Accueil|communauté]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Accueil des nouveaux arrivants|Accueil&nbsp;pour&nbsp;les&nbsp;nouveaux&nbsp;arrivants]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipedia:Kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Projet|Participez&nbsp;aux&nbsp;projets]]&nbsp;- <!-- [[Wikipédia:Merci_pour_les_photos|Illustrez&nbsp;les&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- --> [[Wikipedia: Bosungi (FAQ)|Poser&nbsp;une&nbsp;question]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Livre d'or|Livre&nbsp;d’or]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |} {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |width="50%"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcoloredit.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Portail:Arts|Arts]]'''<br /> [[portail:Ameublement|Ameublement]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Architecture et Urbanisme|Architecture et Urbanisme]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Spectacle|Arts&nbsp;du&nbsp;spectacle]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Bande dessinée|Bande&nbsp;dessinée]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Cinéma|Cinéma]]&nbsp;- [[Design]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Histoire de l'art|Histoire&nbsp;de&nbsp;l’art]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Littérature|Littérature]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Musique|Musique]]&nbsp;- [[Peinture]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Photographie|Photographie]]&nbsp;- [[Sculpture]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps colors.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Vie quotidienne & loisirs'''<br /> [[Portail:Aquariopédia|Aquariophilie]]&nbsp;- [[Bricolage]]&nbsp;- [[Cuisine]]&nbsp;- [[Culture populaire|Culture&nbsp;populaire]]&nbsp;- [[Hygiène]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Hortipédia|Jardinage]]&nbsp;- [[Jeu|Jeux]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Vigne et vin|Œnologie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Philatélie|Philatélie]]&nbsp;- [[Radio]]&nbsp;- [[Sexualité humaine|Sexualité]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Sport|Sport]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Télévision|Télévision]]&nbsp;- [[Tourisme]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps kfm home.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Société'''<br /> [[Défense et sécurité]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Droit|Droit]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Économie|Économie]]&nbsp;- [[Éducation]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Les Femmes|Femmes]]&nbsp;- [[Politique]]&nbsp;- [[Presse écrite|Presse]]&nbsp;- [[Religion]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Syndicalisme|Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Transpédia|Transports]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_bookcase.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''[[Religion]]s &amp; [[croyance]]s'''<br /> [[Athéisme]]&nbsp;- [[Bouddhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Christianisme]]&nbsp;- [[Ésotérisme]]&nbsp;- [[Hindouisme]]&nbsp;- [[Islam]]&nbsp;- [[Jaïnisme]]&nbsp;- [[Judaïsme]]&nbsp;- [[Mythologie]]&nbsp;- [[Paganisme]]&nbsp;- [[Secte]]&nbsp;- [[Sikhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Taoïsme]]&nbsp;- [[Théologie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; | {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_browser.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Atlas de la terre'''<br /> [[Climatologie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Écologie|Écologie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Géographie|Jyografi]]&nbsp;- [[Géologie]]&nbsp;- [[Géopolitique]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Eau|Hydrologie]]&nbsp;- [[Météorologie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Maritime|Monde&nbsp;maritime]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Montagne|Montagne]]&nbsp;- [[Category:Bisé_ya_Mokili|Bisé ya Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Toponymie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Sciences humaines'''<br /> [[Anthropologie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Archéologia|Archéologie]]&nbsp;- [[Généalogie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Cliopédia|Historianbsp;- [[Linguistique]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Philosophie|Philosophie]]&nbsp;- [[Psychologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences cognitives|Sciences&nbsp;cognitives]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Sociologie|Sociologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Catégorie:Sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques|Sciences&nbsp;de&nbsp;l’information&nbsp;et&nbsp;des&nbsp;bibliothèques]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Sciences exactes & naturelles'''<br /> [[Portail:Astronomie|Astronomie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Biologie|Biologie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Botanique|Botanique]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Chimie|Chimie]]&nbsp;- [[Logique]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Mathématiques|Mathématiques]]&nbsp;- [[Paléontologie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Physique|Physique]]&nbsp;- [[Zoologie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps display.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Technologies & sciences appliquées'''<br /> [[Aérospatiale]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Agropédia|Agronomie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Cryptologie|Cryptologie]]&nbsp;- [[Cybernétique]]&nbsp;- [[Électronique]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Informatique|Informatique]]&nbsp;- [[Ingénierie]]&nbsp;- [[Internet]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Médecine|Médecine]]&nbsp;- [[Pharmacie]]&nbsp;- [[Robotique]]&nbsp;- [[Télécommunications]] |} |} </center> 6956 2005-11-21T11:38:54Z Bombo 12 <center> {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin-top:0.8em;margin-bottom:0.8em" |width="50%" style="border:1px solid #CCF7CC;background:#EEFFEE"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#EEFFEE" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps xmag.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Special:Search|Boluki]] &amp; [[Aide:consultation|consultation]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Articles de qualité|Articles&nbsp;de&nbsp;qualité]]&nbsp;- [[Index&nbsp;alphabétique]]&nbsp;- [[Liste des listes|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;listes]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Accueil|Tous&nbsp;les&nbsp;portails]]&nbsp;- [[:Catégorie:Principale|Racine&nbsp;des&nbsp;catégories]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; |style="border:1px solid #DDDDF7;background:#F7F7FF"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#F7F7FF" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps hwinfo.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Participation &amp; [[Wikipédia:Accueil|communauté]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Accueil des nouveaux arrivants|Accueil&nbsp;pour&nbsp;les&nbsp;nouveaux&nbsp;arrivants]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipedia:Kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Projet|Participez&nbsp;aux&nbsp;projets]]&nbsp;- <!-- [[Wikipédia:Merci_pour_les_photos|Illustrez&nbsp;les&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- --> [[Wikipedia: Bosungi (FAQ)|Poser&nbsp;une&nbsp;question]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Livre d'or|Livre&nbsp;d’or]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |} {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |width="50%"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcoloredit.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Portail:Arts|Arts]]'''<br /> [[portail:Ameublement|Ameublement]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Architecture et Urbanisme|Architecture et Urbanisme]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Spectacle|Arts&nbsp;du&nbsp;spectacle]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Bande dessinée|Bande&nbsp;dessinée]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Cinéma|Cinéma]]&nbsp;- [[Design]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Histoire de l'art|Histoire&nbsp;de&nbsp;l’art]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Littérature|Littérature]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Musique|Musique]]&nbsp;- [[Peinture]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Photographie|Photographie]]&nbsp;- [[Sculpture]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps colors.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Vie quotidienne & loisirs'''<br /> [[Portail:Aquariopédia|Aquariophilie]]&nbsp;- [[Bricolage]]&nbsp;- [[Cuisine]]&nbsp;- [[Culture populaire|Culture&nbsp;populaire]]&nbsp;- [[Hygiène]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Hortipédia|Jardinage]]&nbsp;- [[Jeu|Jeux]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Vigne et vin|Œnologie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Philatélie|Philatélie]]&nbsp;- [[Radio]]&nbsp;- [[Sexualité humaine|Sexualité]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Sport|Sport]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Télévision|Télévision]]&nbsp;- [[Tourisme]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps kfm home.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Société'''<br /> [[Défense et sécurité]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Droit|Droit]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Économie|Économie]]&nbsp;- [[Éducation]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Les Femmes|Femmes]]&nbsp;- [[Politique]]&nbsp;- [[Presse écrite|Presse]]&nbsp;- [[Category:Relijion|Relijion]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Syndicalisme|Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Transpédia|Transports]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_bookcase.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''[[Category:Relijion|Relijion]] &amp; [[croyance]]s'''<br /> [[Athéisme]]&nbsp;- [[Bouddhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boklísto]]&nbsp;- [[Ésotérisme]]&nbsp;- [[Hindouisme]]&nbsp;- [[Islamu]]&nbsp;- [[Jaïnisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyúda]]&nbsp;- [[Mythologie]]&nbsp;- [[Paganisme]]&nbsp;- [[Secte]]&nbsp;- [[Sikhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Taoïsme]]&nbsp;- [[Théologie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; | {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_browser.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Atlas de la terre'''<br /> [[Climatologie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Écologie|Écologie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Géographie|Jyografi]]&nbsp;- [[Géologie]]&nbsp;- [[Géopolitique]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Eau|Hydrologie]]&nbsp;- [[Météorologie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Maritime|Monde&nbsp;maritime]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Montagne|Montagne]]&nbsp;- [[Category:Bisé_ya_Mokili|Bisé ya Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Toponymie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Sciences humaines'''<br /> [[Anthropologie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Archéologia|Archéologie]]&nbsp;- [[Généalogie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Cliopédia|Historia]]&nbsp;- [[Linguistique]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Philosophie|Philosophie]]&nbsp;- [[Psychologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences cognitives|Sciences&nbsp;cognitives]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Sociologie|Sociologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Catégorie:Sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques|Sciences&nbsp;de&nbsp;l’information&nbsp;et&nbsp;des&nbsp;bibliothèques]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Sciences exactes & naturelles'''<br /> [[Portail:Astronomie|Astronomie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Biologie|Biologie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Botanique|Botanique]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Chimie|Chimie]]&nbsp;- [[Logique]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Mathématiques|Mathématiques]]&nbsp;- [[Paléontologie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Physique|Physique]]&nbsp;- [[Zoologie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps display.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Technologies & sciences appliquées'''<br /> [[Aérospatiale]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Agropédia|Agronomie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Cryptologie|Cryptologie]]&nbsp;- [[Cybernétique]]&nbsp;- [[Électronique]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Informatique|Informatique]]&nbsp;- [[Ingénierie]]&nbsp;- [[Internet]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Médecine|Médecine]]&nbsp;- [[Pharmacie]]&nbsp;- [[Robotique]]&nbsp;- [[Télécommunications]] |} |} </center> 6957 2005-11-21T11:46:36Z Bombo 12 -> chantier - pas encore disponible <center> {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin-top:0.8em;margin-bottom:0.8em" |width="50%" style="border:1px solid #CCF7CC;background:#EEFFEE"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#EEFFEE" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps xmag.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Special:Search|Boluki]] &amp; [[Aide:consultation|consultation]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Articles de qualité|Articles&nbsp;de&nbsp;qualité]]&nbsp;- [[Index&nbsp;alphabétique]]&nbsp;- [[Liste des listes|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;listes]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Accueil|Tous&nbsp;les&nbsp;portails]]&nbsp;- [[:Catégorie:Principale|Racine&nbsp;des&nbsp;catégories]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; |style="border:1px solid #DDDDF7;background:#F7F7FF"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#F7F7FF" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps hwinfo.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Participation &amp; [[Wikipedia:Community Portal|communauté]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Accueil des nouveaux arrivants|Accueil&nbsp;pour&nbsp;les&nbsp;nouveaux&nbsp;arrivants]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipedia:Kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Projet|Participez&nbsp;aux&nbsp;projets]]&nbsp;- <!-- [[Wikipédia:Merci_pour_les_photos|Illustrez&nbsp;les&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- --> [[Wikipedia: Bosungi (FAQ)|Poser&nbsp;une&nbsp;question]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Livre d'or|Livre&nbsp;d’or]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |} {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |width="50%"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcoloredit.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Portail:Arts|Arts]]'''<br /> [[portail:Ameublement|Ameublement]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Architecture et Urbanisme|Architecture et Urbanisme]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Spectacle|Arts&nbsp;du&nbsp;spectacle]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Bande dessinée|Bande&nbsp;dessinée]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Cinéma|Cinéma]]&nbsp;- [[Design]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Histoire de l'art|Histoire&nbsp;de&nbsp;l’art]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Littérature|Littérature]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Musique|Musique]]&nbsp;- [[Peinture]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Photographie|Photographie]]&nbsp;- [[Sculpture]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps colors.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Vie quotidienne & loisirs'''<br /> [[Portail:Aquariopédia|Aquariophilie]]&nbsp;- [[Bricolage]]&nbsp;- [[Cuisine]]&nbsp;- [[Culture populaire|Culture&nbsp;populaire]]&nbsp;- [[Hygiène]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Hortipédia|Jardinage]]&nbsp;- [[Jeu|Jeux]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Vigne et vin|Œnologie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Philatélie|Philatélie]]&nbsp;- [[Radio]]&nbsp;- [[Sexualité humaine|Sexualité]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Masano|Masano]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Télévision|Télévision]]&nbsp;- [[Tourisme]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps kfm home.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Société'''<br /> [[Défense et sécurité]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Droit|Droit]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Économie|Économie]]&nbsp;- [[Éducation]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Les Femmes|Femmes]]&nbsp;- [[Politiki]]&nbsp;- [[Presse écrite|Presse]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Relijion|Relijion]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Syndicalisme|Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Transpédia|Transports]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_bookcase.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''[[:Category:Relijion|Relijion]] &amp; [[croyance]]s'''<br /> [[Athéisme]]&nbsp;- [[Bouddhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boklísto]]&nbsp;- [[Ésotérisme]]&nbsp;- [[Hindouisme]]&nbsp;- [[Islamu]]&nbsp;- [[Jaïnisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyúda]]&nbsp;- [[Mythologie]]&nbsp;- [[Paganisme]]&nbsp;- [[Secte]]&nbsp;- [[Sikhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Taoïsme]]&nbsp;- [[Théologie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; | {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_browser.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Atlas de la terre'''<br /> [[Climatologie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Écologie|Écologie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Géographie|Jyografi]]&nbsp;- [[Géologie]]&nbsp;- [[Géopolitique]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Eau|Hydrologie]]&nbsp;- [[Météorologie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Maritime|Monde&nbsp;maritime]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Montagne|Montagne]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Bisé_ya_Mokili|Bisé ya Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Toponymie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Sciences humaines'''<br /> [[Anthropologie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Archéologia|Archéologie]]&nbsp;- [[Généalogie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Cliopédia|Historia]]&nbsp;- [[Linguistique]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Philosophie|Philosophie]]&nbsp;- [[Psychologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences cognitives|Sciences&nbsp;cognitives]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Sociologie|Sociologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Catégorie:Sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques|Sciences&nbsp;de&nbsp;l’information&nbsp;et&nbsp;des&nbsp;bibliothèques]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Sciences exactes & naturelles'''<br /> [[Portail:Astronomie|Astronomie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Biologie|Biologie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Botanique|Botanique]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Chimie|Chimie]]&nbsp;- [[Logique]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Mathématiques|Mathématiques]]&nbsp;- [[Paléontologie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Physique|Physique]]&nbsp;- [[Zoologie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps display.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Technologies & sciences appliquées'''<br /> [[Aérospatiale]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Agropédia|Agronomie]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Cryptologie|Cryptologie]]&nbsp;- [[Cybernétique]]&nbsp;- [[Électronique]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Informatique|Informatique]]&nbsp;- [[Ingénierie]]&nbsp;- [[Internet]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Médecine|Médecine]]&nbsp;- [[Pharmacie]]&nbsp;- [[Robotique]]&nbsp;- [[Télécommunications]] |} |} </center> 6960 2005-11-21T15:23:28Z Moyogo 11 <center> {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin-top:0.8em;margin-bottom:0.8em" |width="50%" style="border:1px solid #CCF7CC;background:#EEFFEE"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#EEFFEE" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps xmag.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Special:Search|Boluki]] &amp; [[Aide:consultation|consultation]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Articles de qualité|Articles&nbsp;de&nbsp;qualité]]&nbsp;- [[Index&nbsp;alphabétique]]&nbsp;- [[Liste des listes|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;listes]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Accueil|Tous&nbsp;les&nbsp;portails]]&nbsp;- [[:Catégorie:Principale|Racine&nbsp;des&nbsp;catégories]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; |style="border:1px solid #DDDDF7;background:#F7F7FF"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#F7F7FF" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps hwinfo.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Participation &amp; [[Wikipedia:Community Portal|communauté]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Accueil des nouveaux arrivants|Accueil&nbsp;pour&nbsp;les&nbsp;nouveaux&nbsp;arrivants]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipedia:Kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Projet|Participez&nbsp;aux&nbsp;projets]]&nbsp;- <!-- [[Wikipédia:Merci_pour_les_photos|Illustrez&nbsp;les&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- --> [[Wikipedia: Bosungi (FAQ)|Poser&nbsp;une&nbsp;question]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Livre d'or|Livre&nbsp;d’or]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |} {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |width="50%"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcoloredit.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Portail:Arts|Arts]]'''<br /> [[Ameublement]]&nbsp;- [[Architecture]] et [[Urbanisme]]&nbsp;- [[Arts du spectacle]]&nbsp;- [[Bande dessinée]]&nbsp;- [[Cinéma]]&nbsp;- [[Design]]&nbsp;- [[Histoire de l’art]]&nbsp;- [[Littérature]]&nbsp;- [[Musique]]&nbsp;- [[Peinture]]&nbsp;- [[Photographie]]&nbsp;- [[Sculpture]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps colors.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Vie quotidienne & loisirs'''<br /> [[Aquariophilie]]&nbsp;- [[Bricolage]]&nbsp;- [[Cuisine]]&nbsp;- [[Culture populaire]]&nbsp;- [[Hygiène]]&nbsp;- [[Jardinage]]&nbsp;- [[Jeu|Jeux]]&nbsp;- [[Vigne et vin]]&nbsp;- [[Philatélie]]&nbsp;- [[Radio]]&nbsp;- [[Sexualité]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Masano|Masano]]&nbsp;- [[Télévision]]&nbsp;- [[Tourisme]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!--------------------------------------------- '''Société'''<br /> [[Défense et sécurité]]&nbsp;- [[Droit]]&nbsp;- [[Économie]]&nbsp;- [[Éducation]]&nbsp;- [[Femme]]&nbsp;- [[Politique]]&nbsp;- [[Presse]]&nbsp;- [[Religion]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Transports]] ----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps kfm home.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Société'''<br /> [[Défense et sécurité]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mibéko]]&nbsp;- [[Économie]]&nbsp;- [[Éducation]]&nbsp;- [[Mwǎsí]]&nbsp;- [[Politiki]]&nbsp;- [[Presse]]&nbsp;- [[Relijió]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Transports]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_bookcase.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''[[:Category:Relijion|Relijion]] &amp; [[croyance]]s'''<br /> [[Athéisme]]&nbsp;- [[Bouddhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boklísto]]&nbsp;- [[Ésotérisme]]&nbsp;- [[Hindouisme]]&nbsp;- [[Islamu]]&nbsp;- [[Jaïnisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyúda]]&nbsp;- [[Mythologie]]&nbsp;- [[Paganisme]]&nbsp;- [[Secte]]&nbsp;- [[Sikhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Taoïsme]]&nbsp;- [[Théologie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; | {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_browser.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Búku ya mokili'''<br /> [[Climatologie]]&nbsp;- [[Écologie]]&nbsp;- [[Jyografi]]&nbsp;- [[Géologie]]&nbsp;- [[Géopolitique]]&nbsp;- [[Hydrologie]]&nbsp;- [[Météorologie]]&nbsp;- [[Monde maritime]]&nbsp;- [[Montagne]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Bisé_ya_Mokili|Bisé ya Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Toponymie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Sciences humaines'''<br /> [[Anthropologie]]&nbsp;- [[Archéologie]]&nbsp;- [[Généalogie]]&nbsp;- [[Historia]]&nbsp;- [[Linguistique]]&nbsp;- [[Philosophie]]&nbsp;- [[Psychologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences cognitives]]&nbsp;- [[Sociologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Sciences exactes & naturelles'''<br /> [[Astronomie]]&nbsp;- [[Biologie]]&nbsp;- [[Botanique]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Chimie|Chimie]]&nbsp;- [[Logique]]&nbsp;- [[Mathématiques]]&nbsp;- [[Paléontologie]]&nbsp;- [[Physique]]&nbsp;- [[Zoologie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps display.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Technologies & sciences appliquées'''<br /> [[Aérospatiale]]&nbsp;- [[Agronomie]]&nbsp;- [[Cryptologie]]&nbsp;- [[Cybernétique]]&nbsp;- [[Électronique]]&nbsp;- [[Informatique]]&nbsp;- [[Ingénierie]]&nbsp;- [[Internet]]&nbsp;- [[Médecine]]&nbsp;- [[Pharmacie]]&nbsp;- [[Robotique]]&nbsp;- [[Télécommunications]] |} |} </center> 6961 2005-11-21T15:31:31Z Moyogo 11 <center> {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin-top:0.8em;margin-bottom:0.8em" |width="50%" style="border:1px solid #CCF7CC;background:#EEFFEE"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#EEFFEE" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps xmag.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Special:Search|Boluki]] &amp; [[Aide:consultation|consultation]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Articles de qualité|Articles&nbsp;de&nbsp;qualité]]&nbsp;- [[Index&nbsp;alphabétique]]&nbsp;- [[Liste des listes|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;listes]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Accueil|Tous&nbsp;les&nbsp;portails]]&nbsp;- [[:Catégorie:Principale|Racine&nbsp;des&nbsp;catégories]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; |style="border:1px solid #DDDDF7;background:#F7F7FF"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#F7F7FF" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps hwinfo.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Participation &amp; [[Wikipedia:Community Portal|communauté]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Accueil des nouveaux arrivants|Accueil&nbsp;pour&nbsp;les&nbsp;nouveaux&nbsp;arrivants]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipedia:Kotambola yaliboso|Kotambola yaliboso]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Projet|Participez&nbsp;aux&nbsp;projets]]&nbsp;- <!-- [[Wikipédia:Merci_pour_les_photos|Illustrez&nbsp;les&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- --> [[Wikipedia: Bosungi (FAQ)|Poser&nbsp;une&nbsp;question]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Livre d'or|Livre&nbsp;d’or]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |} {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |width="50%"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcoloredit.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Portail:Arts|Arts]]'''<br /> [[Ameublement]]&nbsp;- [[Architecture]] et [[Urbanisme]]&nbsp;- [[Arts du spectacle]]&nbsp;- [[Bande dessinée]]&nbsp;- [[Cinéma]]&nbsp;- [[Design]]&nbsp;- [[Histoire de l’art]]&nbsp;- [[Littérature]]&nbsp;- [[Musique]]&nbsp;- [[Peinture]]&nbsp;- [[Photographie]]&nbsp;- [[Sculpture]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps colors.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Vie quotidienne & loisirs'''<br /> [[Aquariophilie]]&nbsp;- [[Bricolage]]&nbsp;- [[Cuisine]]&nbsp;- [[Culture populaire]]&nbsp;- [[Hygiène]]&nbsp;- [[Jardinage]]&nbsp;- [[Jeu|Jeux]]&nbsp;- [[Vigne et vin]]&nbsp;- [[Philatélie]]&nbsp;- [[Radio]]&nbsp;- [[Sexualité]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Masano|Masano]]&nbsp;- [[Télévision]]&nbsp;- [[Tourisme]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!--------------------------------------------- '''Société'''<br /> [[Défense et sécurité]]&nbsp;- [[Droit]]&nbsp;- [[Économie]]&nbsp;- [[Éducation]]&nbsp;- [[Femme]]&nbsp;- [[Politique]]&nbsp;- [[Presse]]&nbsp;- [[Religion]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Transports]] ----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps kfm home.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Société'''<br /> [[Défense et sécurité]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mibéko]]&nbsp;- [[Économie]]&nbsp;- [[Éducation]]&nbsp;- [[Mwǎsí]]&nbsp;- [[Politiki]]&nbsp;- [[Presse]]&nbsp;- [[Relijió]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Transports]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_bookcase.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''[[:Category:Relijion|Relijion]] &amp; [[croyance]]s'''<br /> [[Athéisme]]&nbsp;- [[Bouddhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boklísto]]&nbsp;- [[Ésotérisme]]&nbsp;- [[Hindouisme]]&nbsp;- [[Islamu]]&nbsp;- [[Jaïnisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyúda]]&nbsp;- [[Mythologie]]&nbsp;- [[Paganisme]]&nbsp;- [[Secte]]&nbsp;- [[Sikhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Taoïsme]]&nbsp;- [[Théologie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; | {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_browser.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Búku ya mokili'''<br /> [[Climatologie]]&nbsp;- [[Écologie]]&nbsp;- [[Jyografi]]&nbsp;- [[Géologie]]&nbsp;- [[Géopolitique]]&nbsp;- [[Hydrologie]]&nbsp;- [[Météorologie]]&nbsp;- [[Monde maritime]]&nbsp;- [[Montagne]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Bisé_ya_Mokili|Bisé ya Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Toponymie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mambí ma bato'''<br /> [[Mambí ma moto]]&nbsp;- [[Archéologie]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma libóta]]&nbsp;- [[Historia]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma nkóta]]&nbsp;- [[Philosophie]]&nbsp;- [[Psychologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences cognitives]]&nbsp;- [[Sociologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Sciences exactes & naturelles'''<br /> [[Astronomie]]&nbsp;- [[Biologie]]&nbsp;- [[Botanique]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Chimie|Chimie]]&nbsp;- [[Logique]]&nbsp;- [[Mathématiques]]&nbsp;- [[Paléontologie]]&nbsp;- [[Physique]]&nbsp;- [[Zoologie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps display.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Technologies & sciences appliquées'''<br /> [[Aérospatiale]]&nbsp;- [[Agronomie]]&nbsp;- [[Cryptologie]]&nbsp;- [[Cybernétique]]&nbsp;- [[Électronique]]&nbsp;- [[Informatique]]&nbsp;- [[Ingénierie]]&nbsp;- [[Internet]]&nbsp;- [[Médecine]]&nbsp;- [[Pharmacie]]&nbsp;- [[Robotique]]&nbsp;- [[Télécommunications]] |} |} </center> 6966 2005-11-21T15:46:49Z Moyogo 11 Kotámbola ya libosó <center> {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin-top:0.8em;margin-bottom:0.8em" |width="50%" style="border:1px solid #CCF7CC;background:#EEFFEE"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#EEFFEE" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps xmag.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Special:Search|Boluki]] &amp; [[Aide:consultation|consultation]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Articles de qualité|Articles&nbsp;de&nbsp;qualité]]&nbsp;- [[Index&nbsp;alphabétique]]&nbsp;- [[Liste des listes|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;listes]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Accueil|Tous&nbsp;les&nbsp;portails]]&nbsp;- [[:Catégorie:Principale|Racine&nbsp;des&nbsp;catégories]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; |style="border:1px solid #DDDDF7;background:#F7F7FF"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#F7F7FF" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps hwinfo.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Participation &amp; [[Wikipedia:Community Portal|communauté]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Accueil des nouveaux arrivants|Accueil&nbsp;pour&nbsp;les&nbsp;nouveaux&nbsp;arrivants]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|Kotámbola ya libosó]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Projet|Participez&nbsp;aux&nbsp;projets]]&nbsp;- <!-- [[Wikipédia:Merci_pour_les_photos|Illustrez&nbsp;les&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- --> [[Wikipedia: Bosungi (FAQ)|Poser&nbsp;une&nbsp;question]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Livre d'or|Livre&nbsp;d’or]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |} {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |width="50%"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcoloredit.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Portail:Arts|Arts]]'''<br /> [[Ameublement]]&nbsp;- [[Architecture]] et [[Urbanisme]]&nbsp;- [[Arts du spectacle]]&nbsp;- [[Bande dessinée]]&nbsp;- [[Cinéma]]&nbsp;- [[Design]]&nbsp;- [[Histoire de l’art]]&nbsp;- [[Littérature]]&nbsp;- [[Musique]]&nbsp;- [[Peinture]]&nbsp;- [[Photographie]]&nbsp;- [[Sculpture]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps colors.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Vie quotidienne & loisirs'''<br /> [[Aquariophilie]]&nbsp;- [[Bricolage]]&nbsp;- [[Cuisine]]&nbsp;- [[Culture populaire]]&nbsp;- [[Hygiène]]&nbsp;- [[Jardinage]]&nbsp;- [[Jeu|Jeux]]&nbsp;- [[Vigne et vin]]&nbsp;- [[Philatélie]]&nbsp;- [[Radio]]&nbsp;- [[Sexualité]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Masano|Masano]]&nbsp;- [[Télévision]]&nbsp;- [[Tourisme]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!--------------------------------------------- '''Société'''<br /> [[Défense et sécurité]]&nbsp;- [[Droit]]&nbsp;- [[Économie]]&nbsp;- [[Éducation]]&nbsp;- [[Femme]]&nbsp;- [[Politique]]&nbsp;- [[Presse]]&nbsp;- [[Religion]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Transports]] ----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps kfm home.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Société'''<br /> [[Défense et sécurité]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mibéko]]&nbsp;- [[Économie]]&nbsp;- [[Éducation]]&nbsp;- [[Mwǎsí]]&nbsp;- [[Politiki]]&nbsp;- [[Presse]]&nbsp;- [[Relijió]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Transports]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_bookcase.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''[[:Category:Relijion|Relijion]] &amp; [[croyance]]s'''<br /> [[Athéisme]]&nbsp;- [[Bouddhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boklísto]]&nbsp;- [[Ésotérisme]]&nbsp;- [[Hindouisme]]&nbsp;- [[Islamu]]&nbsp;- [[Jaïnisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyúda]]&nbsp;- [[Mythologie]]&nbsp;- [[Paganisme]]&nbsp;- [[Secte]]&nbsp;- [[Sikhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Taoïsme]]&nbsp;- [[Théologie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; | {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_browser.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Búku ya mokili'''<br /> [[Climatologie]]&nbsp;- [[Écologie]]&nbsp;- [[Jyografi]]&nbsp;- [[Géologie]]&nbsp;- [[Géopolitique]]&nbsp;- [[Hydrologie]]&nbsp;- [[Météorologie]]&nbsp;- [[Monde maritime]]&nbsp;- [[Montagne]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Bisé_ya_Mokili|Bisé ya Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Toponymie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mambí ma bato'''<br /> [[Mambí ma moto]]&nbsp;- [[Archéologie]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma libóta]]&nbsp;- [[Historia]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma nkóta]]&nbsp;- [[Philosophie]]&nbsp;- [[Psychologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences cognitives]]&nbsp;- [[Sociologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Sciences exactes & naturelles'''<br /> [[Astronomie]]&nbsp;- [[Biologie]]&nbsp;- [[Botanique]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Chimie|Chimie]]&nbsp;- [[Logique]]&nbsp;- [[Mathématiques]]&nbsp;- [[Paléontologie]]&nbsp;- [[Physique]]&nbsp;- [[Zoologie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps display.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Technologies & sciences appliquées'''<br /> [[Aérospatiale]]&nbsp;- [[Agronomie]]&nbsp;- [[Cryptologie]]&nbsp;- [[Cybernétique]]&nbsp;- [[Électronique]]&nbsp;- [[Informatique]]&nbsp;- [[Ingénierie]]&nbsp;- [[Internet]]&nbsp;- [[Médecine]]&nbsp;- [[Pharmacie]]&nbsp;- [[Robotique]]&nbsp;- [[Télécommunications]] |} |} </center> 6972 2005-11-21T21:48:34Z Moyogo 11 Mizíki <center> {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin-top:0.8em;margin-bottom:0.8em" |width="50%" style="border:1px solid #CCF7CC;background:#EEFFEE"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#EEFFEE" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps xmag.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Special:Search|Boluki]] &amp; [[Aide:consultation|consultation]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Articles de qualité|Articles&nbsp;de&nbsp;qualité]]&nbsp;- [[Index&nbsp;alphabétique]]&nbsp;- [[Liste des listes|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;listes]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Accueil|Tous&nbsp;les&nbsp;portails]]&nbsp;- [[:Catégorie:Principale|Racine&nbsp;des&nbsp;catégories]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; |style="border:1px solid #DDDDF7;background:#F7F7FF"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#F7F7FF" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps hwinfo.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Participation &amp; [[Wikipedia:Community Portal|communauté]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Accueil des nouveaux arrivants|Accueil&nbsp;pour&nbsp;les&nbsp;nouveaux&nbsp;arrivants]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|Kotámbola ya libosó]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Projet|Participez&nbsp;aux&nbsp;projets]]&nbsp;- <!-- [[Wikipédia:Merci_pour_les_photos|Illustrez&nbsp;les&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- --> [[Wikipedia: Bosungi (FAQ)|Poser&nbsp;une&nbsp;question]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Livre d'or|Livre&nbsp;d’or]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |} {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |width="50%"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcoloredit.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Portail:Arts|Arts]]'''<br /> [[Ameublement]]&nbsp;- [[Architecture]] et [[Urbanisme]]&nbsp;- [[Arts du spectacle]]&nbsp;- [[Bande dessinée]]&nbsp;- [[Cinéma]]&nbsp;- [[Design]]&nbsp;- [[Histoire de l’art]]&nbsp;- [[Littérature]]&nbsp;- [[Mizíki]]&nbsp;- [[Peinture]]&nbsp;- [[Photographie]]&nbsp;- [[Sculpture]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps colors.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Vie quotidienne & loisirs'''<br /> [[Aquariophilie]]&nbsp;- [[Bricolage]]&nbsp;- [[Cuisine]]&nbsp;- [[Culture populaire]]&nbsp;- [[Hygiène]]&nbsp;- [[Jardinage]]&nbsp;- [[Jeu|Jeux]]&nbsp;- [[Vigne et vin]]&nbsp;- [[Philatélie]]&nbsp;- [[Radio]]&nbsp;- [[Sexualité]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Masano|Masano]]&nbsp;- [[Télévision]]&nbsp;- [[Tourisme]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!--------------------------------------------- '''Société'''<br /> [[Défense et sécurité]]&nbsp;- [[Droit]]&nbsp;- [[Économie]]&nbsp;- [[Éducation]]&nbsp;- [[Femme]]&nbsp;- [[Politique]]&nbsp;- [[Presse]]&nbsp;- [[Religion]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Transports]] ----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps kfm home.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Société'''<br /> [[Défense et sécurité]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mibéko]]&nbsp;- [[Économie]]&nbsp;- [[Éducation]]&nbsp;- [[Mwǎsí]]&nbsp;- [[Politiki]]&nbsp;- [[Presse]]&nbsp;- [[Relijió]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Transports]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_bookcase.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''[[:Category:Relijion|Relijion]] &amp; [[croyance]]s'''<br /> [[Athéisme]]&nbsp;- [[Bouddhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boklísto]]&nbsp;- [[Ésotérisme]]&nbsp;- [[Hindouisme]]&nbsp;- [[Islamu]]&nbsp;- [[Jaïnisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyúda]]&nbsp;- [[Mythologie]]&nbsp;- [[Paganisme]]&nbsp;- [[Secte]]&nbsp;- [[Sikhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Taoïsme]]&nbsp;- [[Théologie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; | {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_browser.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Búku ya mokili'''<br /> [[Climatologie]]&nbsp;- [[Écologie]]&nbsp;- [[Jyografi]]&nbsp;- [[Géologie]]&nbsp;- [[Géopolitique]]&nbsp;- [[Hydrologie]]&nbsp;- [[Météorologie]]&nbsp;- [[Monde maritime]]&nbsp;- [[Montagne]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Bisé_ya_Mokili|Bisé ya Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Toponymie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mambí ma bato'''<br /> [[Mambí ma moto]]&nbsp;- [[Archéologie]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma libóta]]&nbsp;- [[Historia]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma nkóta]]&nbsp;- [[Philosophie]]&nbsp;- [[Psychologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences cognitives]]&nbsp;- [[Sociologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Sciences exactes & naturelles'''<br /> [[Astronomie]]&nbsp;- [[Biologie]]&nbsp;- [[Botanique]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Chimie|Chimie]]&nbsp;- [[Logique]]&nbsp;- [[Mathématiques]]&nbsp;- [[Paléontologie]]&nbsp;- [[Physique]]&nbsp;- [[Zoologie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps display.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Technologies & sciences appliquées'''<br /> [[Aérospatiale]]&nbsp;- [[Agronomie]]&nbsp;- [[Cryptologie]]&nbsp;- [[Cybernétique]]&nbsp;- [[Électronique]]&nbsp;- [[Informatique]]&nbsp;- [[Ingénierie]]&nbsp;- [[Internet]]&nbsp;- [[Médecine]]&nbsp;- [[Pharmacie]]&nbsp;- [[Robotique]]&nbsp;- [[Télécommunications]] |} |} </center> 6977 2005-11-22T09:01:09Z Moyogo 11 Économie → Mambí ma mbɔ́ngɔ <center> {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin-top:0.8em;margin-bottom:0.8em" |width="50%" style="border:1px solid #CCF7CC;background:#EEFFEE"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#EEFFEE" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps xmag.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Special:Search|Boluki]] &amp; [[Aide:consultation|consultation]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Articles de qualité|Articles&nbsp;de&nbsp;qualité]]&nbsp;- [[Index&nbsp;alphabétique]]&nbsp;- [[Liste des listes|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;listes]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Accueil|Tous&nbsp;les&nbsp;portails]]&nbsp;- [[:Catégorie:Principale|Racine&nbsp;des&nbsp;catégories]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; |style="border:1px solid #DDDDF7;background:#F7F7FF"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#F7F7FF" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps hwinfo.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Participation &amp; [[Wikipedia:Community Portal|communauté]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Accueil des nouveaux arrivants|Accueil&nbsp;pour&nbsp;les&nbsp;nouveaux&nbsp;arrivants]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|Kotámbola ya libosó]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Projet|Participez&nbsp;aux&nbsp;projets]]&nbsp;- <!-- [[Wikipédia:Merci_pour_les_photos|Illustrez&nbsp;les&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- --> [[Wikipedia: Bosungi (FAQ)|Poser&nbsp;une&nbsp;question]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Livre d'or|Livre&nbsp;d’or]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |} {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |width="50%"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcoloredit.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Portail:Arts|Arts]]'''<br /> [[Ameublement]]&nbsp;- [[Architecture]] et [[Urbanisme]]&nbsp;- [[Arts du spectacle]]&nbsp;- [[Bande dessinée]]&nbsp;- [[Cinéma]]&nbsp;- [[Design]]&nbsp;- [[Histoire de l’art]]&nbsp;- [[Littérature]]&nbsp;- [[Mizíki]]&nbsp;- [[Peinture]]&nbsp;- [[Photographie]]&nbsp;- [[Sculpture]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps colors.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Vie quotidienne & loisirs'''<br /> [[Aquariophilie]]&nbsp;- [[Bricolage]]&nbsp;- [[Cuisine]]&nbsp;- [[Culture populaire]]&nbsp;- [[Hygiène]]&nbsp;- [[Jardinage]]&nbsp;- [[Jeu|Jeux]]&nbsp;- [[Vigne et vin]]&nbsp;- [[Philatélie]]&nbsp;- [[Radio]]&nbsp;- [[Sexualité]]&nbsp;- [[Masano]]&nbsp;- [[Télévision]]&nbsp;- [[Tourisme]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!--------------------------------------------- '''Société'''<br /> [[Défense et sécurité]]&nbsp;- [[Droit]]&nbsp;- [[Économie]]&nbsp;- [[Éducation]]&nbsp;- [[Femme]]&nbsp;- [[Politique]]&nbsp;- [[Presse]]&nbsp;- [[Religion]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Transports]] ----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps kfm home.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Société'''<br /> [[Défense et sécurité]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mibéko]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mbɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Éducation]]&nbsp;- [[Mwǎsí]]&nbsp;- [[Politiki]]&nbsp;- [[Presse]]&nbsp;- [[Relijió]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Transports]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_bookcase.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''[[:Category:Relijion|Relijion]] &amp; [[croyance]]s'''<br /> [[Athéisme]]&nbsp;- [[Bouddhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boklísto]]&nbsp;- [[Ésotérisme]]&nbsp;- [[Hindouisme]]&nbsp;- [[Islamu]]&nbsp;- [[Jaïnisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyúda]]&nbsp;- [[Mythologie]]&nbsp;- [[Paganisme]]&nbsp;- [[Secte]]&nbsp;- [[Sikhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Taoïsme]]&nbsp;- [[Théologie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; | {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_browser.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Búku ya Mokili'''<br /> [[Climatologie]]&nbsp;- [[Écologie]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma Mokili]&nbsp;- [[Géologie]]&nbsp;- [[Géopolitique]]&nbsp;- [[Hydrologie]]&nbsp;- [[Météorologie]]&nbsp;- [[Monde maritime]]&nbsp;- [[Montagne]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Bisé_ya_Mokili|Bisé ya Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Toponymie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mambí ma bato'''<br /> [[Mambí ma moto]]&nbsp;- [[Archéologie]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma libóta]]&nbsp;- [[Historia]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma nkóta]]&nbsp;- [[Philosophie]]&nbsp;- [[Psychologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences cognitives]]&nbsp;- [[Sociologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Sciences exactes & naturelles'''<br /> [[Astronomie]]&nbsp;- [[Biologie]]&nbsp;- [[Botanique]]&nbsp;- [[Chimie]]&nbsp;- [[Logique]]&nbsp;- [[Mathématiques]]&nbsp;- [[Paléontologie]]&nbsp;- [[Physique]]&nbsp;- [[Zoologie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps display.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Technologies & sciences appliquées'''<br /> [[Aérospatiale]]&nbsp;- [[Agronomie]]&nbsp;- [[Cryptologie]]&nbsp;- [[Cybernétique]]&nbsp;- [[Électronique]]&nbsp;- [[Informatique]]&nbsp;- [[Ingénierie]]&nbsp;- [[Internet]]&nbsp;- [[Médecine]]&nbsp;- [[Pharmacie]]&nbsp;- [[Robotique]]&nbsp;- [[Télécommunications]] |} |} </center> 6978 2005-11-22T09:01:37Z Moyogo 11 <center> {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin-top:0.8em;margin-bottom:0.8em" |width="50%" style="border:1px solid #CCF7CC;background:#EEFFEE"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#EEFFEE" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps xmag.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Special:Search|Boluki]] &amp; [[Aide:consultation|consultation]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Articles de qualité|Articles&nbsp;de&nbsp;qualité]]&nbsp;- [[Index&nbsp;alphabétique]]&nbsp;- [[Liste des listes|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;listes]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Accueil|Tous&nbsp;les&nbsp;portails]]&nbsp;- [[:Catégorie:Principale|Racine&nbsp;des&nbsp;catégories]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; |style="border:1px solid #DDDDF7;background:#F7F7FF"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#F7F7FF" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps hwinfo.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Participation &amp; [[Wikipedia:Community Portal|communauté]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Accueil des nouveaux arrivants|Accueil&nbsp;pour&nbsp;les&nbsp;nouveaux&nbsp;arrivants]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|Kotámbola ya libosó]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Projet|Participez&nbsp;aux&nbsp;projets]]&nbsp;- <!-- [[Wikipédia:Merci_pour_les_photos|Illustrez&nbsp;les&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- --> [[Wikipedia: Bosungi (FAQ)|Poser&nbsp;une&nbsp;question]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Livre d'or|Livre&nbsp;d’or]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |} {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |width="50%"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcoloredit.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Portail:Arts|Arts]]'''<br /> [[Ameublement]]&nbsp;- [[Architecture]] et [[Urbanisme]]&nbsp;- [[Arts du spectacle]]&nbsp;- [[Bande dessinée]]&nbsp;- [[Cinéma]]&nbsp;- [[Design]]&nbsp;- [[Histoire de l’art]]&nbsp;- [[Littérature]]&nbsp;- [[Mizíki]]&nbsp;- [[Peinture]]&nbsp;- [[Photographie]]&nbsp;- [[Sculpture]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps colors.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Vie quotidienne & loisirs'''<br /> [[Aquariophilie]]&nbsp;- [[Bricolage]]&nbsp;- [[Cuisine]]&nbsp;- [[Culture populaire]]&nbsp;- [[Hygiène]]&nbsp;- [[Jardinage]]&nbsp;- [[Jeu|Jeux]]&nbsp;- [[Vigne et vin]]&nbsp;- [[Philatélie]]&nbsp;- [[Radio]]&nbsp;- [[Sexualité]]&nbsp;- [[Masano]]&nbsp;- [[Télévision]]&nbsp;- [[Tourisme]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!--------------------------------------------- '''Société'''<br /> [[Défense et sécurité]]&nbsp;- [[Droit]]&nbsp;- [[Économie]]&nbsp;- [[Éducation]]&nbsp;- [[Femme]]&nbsp;- [[Politique]]&nbsp;- [[Presse]]&nbsp;- [[Religion]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Transports]] ----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps kfm home.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Société'''<br /> [[Défense et sécurité]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mibéko]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mbɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Éducation]]&nbsp;- [[Mwǎsí]]&nbsp;- [[Politiki]]&nbsp;- [[Presse]]&nbsp;- [[Relijió]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Transports]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_bookcase.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''[[:Category:Relijion|Relijion]] &amp; [[croyance]]s'''<br /> [[Athéisme]]&nbsp;- [[Bouddhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boklísto]]&nbsp;- [[Ésotérisme]]&nbsp;- [[Hindouisme]]&nbsp;- [[Islamu]]&nbsp;- [[Jaïnisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyúda]]&nbsp;- [[Mythologie]]&nbsp;- [[Paganisme]]&nbsp;- [[Secte]]&nbsp;- [[Sikhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Taoïsme]]&nbsp;- [[Théologie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; | {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_browser.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Búku ya Mokili'''<br /> [[Climatologie]]&nbsp;- [[Écologie]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Géologie]]&nbsp;- [[Géopolitique]]&nbsp;- [[Hydrologie]]&nbsp;- [[Météorologie]]&nbsp;- [[Monde maritime]]&nbsp;- [[Montagne]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Bisé_ya_Mokili|Bisé ya Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Toponymie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mambí ma bato'''<br /> [[Mambí ma moto]]&nbsp;- [[Archéologie]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma libóta]]&nbsp;- [[Historia]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma nkóta]]&nbsp;- [[Philosophie]]&nbsp;- [[Psychologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences cognitives]]&nbsp;- [[Sociologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Sciences exactes & naturelles'''<br /> [[Astronomie]]&nbsp;- [[Biologie]]&nbsp;- [[Botanique]]&nbsp;- [[Chimie]]&nbsp;- [[Logique]]&nbsp;- [[Mathématiques]]&nbsp;- [[Paléontologie]]&nbsp;- [[Physique]]&nbsp;- [[Zoologie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps display.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Technologies & sciences appliquées'''<br /> [[Aérospatiale]]&nbsp;- [[Agronomie]]&nbsp;- [[Cryptologie]]&nbsp;- [[Cybernétique]]&nbsp;- [[Électronique]]&nbsp;- [[Informatique]]&nbsp;- [[Ingénierie]]&nbsp;- [[Internet]]&nbsp;- [[Médecine]]&nbsp;- [[Pharmacie]]&nbsp;- [[Robotique]]&nbsp;- [[Télécommunications]] |} |} </center> 6979 2005-11-23T09:50:54Z Bombo 12 <center> {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin-top:0.8em;margin-bottom:0.8em" |width="50%" style="border:1px solid #CCF7CC;background:#EEFFEE"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#EEFFEE" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps xmag.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Special:Search|Boluki]] &amp; [[Aide:consultation|consultation]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Articles de qualité|Articles&nbsp;de&nbsp;qualité]]&nbsp;- [[Index&nbsp;alphabétique]]&nbsp;- [[Liste des listes|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;listes]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Accueil|Tous&nbsp;les&nbsp;portails]]&nbsp;- [[:Catégorie:Principale|Racine&nbsp;des&nbsp;catégories]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; |style="border:1px solid #DDDDF7;background:#F7F7FF"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#F7F7FF" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps hwinfo.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Participation &amp; [[Wikipedia:Community Portal|communauté]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Accueil des nouveaux arrivants|Accueil&nbsp;pour&nbsp;les&nbsp;nouveaux&nbsp;arrivants]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|Kotámbola ya libosó]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Projet|Participez&nbsp;aux&nbsp;projets]]&nbsp;- <!-- [[Wikipédia:Merci_pour_les_photos|Illustrez&nbsp;les&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- --> [[Wikipedia: Bosungi (FAQ)|Poser&nbsp;une&nbsp;question]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Livre d'or|Livre&nbsp;d’or]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |} {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |width="50%"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcoloredit.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Portail:Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya|Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya]]'''<br /> [[Ameublement]]&nbsp;- [[Architecture]] et [[Meko ya kobɔngisa mboka]]&nbsp;- [[Arts du spectacle]]&nbsp;- [[Bande dessinée]]&nbsp;- [[Cinéma]]&nbsp;- [[Design]]&nbsp;- [[Histoire de l’art]]&nbsp;- [[Mikanda]]&nbsp;- [[Mizíki]]&nbsp;- [[Peinture]]&nbsp;- [[Photographie]]&nbsp;- [[Sculpture]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps colors.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Vie quotidienne & loisirs'''<br /> [[Aquariophilie]]&nbsp;- [[Bricolage]]&nbsp;- [[Cuisine]]&nbsp;- [[Culture populaire]]&nbsp;- [[Mibeto ya kopɛtɔlo nzoto]]&nbsp;- [[Zardɛ]]&nbsp;- [[Jeu|Jeux]]&nbsp;- [[Vigne et vin]]&nbsp;- [[Philatélie]]&nbsp;- [[Radio]]&nbsp;- [[Motindo]]&nbsp;- [[Masano]]&nbsp;- [[Bilili na mosika]]&nbsp;- [[Botamboli]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!--------------------------------------------- '''Société'''<br /> [[Défense et sécurité]]&nbsp;- [[Droit]]&nbsp;- [[Économie]]&nbsp;- [[Éducation]]&nbsp;- [[Femme]]&nbsp;- [[Politique]]&nbsp;- [[Presse]]&nbsp;- [[Religion]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Transports]] ----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps kfm home.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Société'''<br /> [[Bobateli mpe epekiseli]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mibéko]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mbɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Boteyi]]&nbsp;- [[Mwǎsí]]&nbsp;- [[Politiki]]&nbsp;- [[Mikanda ya nsango]]&nbsp;- [[Relijió]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Maswa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_bookcase.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''[[:Category:Relijion|Relijion]] &amp; [[croyance]]s'''<br /> [[Athéisme]]&nbsp;- [[Bouddhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boklísto]]&nbsp;- [[Ésotérisme]]&nbsp;- [[Hindouisme]]&nbsp;- [[Islamu]]&nbsp;- [[Jaïnisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyúda]]&nbsp;- [[Mythologie]]&nbsp;- [[Paganisme]]&nbsp;- [[Secte]]&nbsp;- [[Sikhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Taoïsme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi bilɔkɔ ya Nzambe]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; | {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_browser.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Búku ya Mokili'''<br /> [[Climatologie]]&nbsp;- [[Écologie]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Géologie]]&nbsp;- [[Géopolitique]]&nbsp;- [[Hydrologie]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi ntango]]&nbsp;- [[Monde maritime]]&nbsp;- [[Nkeka]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Bisé_ya_Mokili|Bisé ya Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Toponymie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mambí ma bato'''<br /> [[Mambí ma moto]]&nbsp;- [[Archéologie]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma libóta]]&nbsp;- [[Historia]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma nkóta]]&nbsp;- [[Philosophie]]&nbsp;- [[Psychologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences cognitives]]&nbsp;- [[Sociologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Sciences exactes & naturelles'''<br /> [[Astronomie]]&nbsp;- [[Biologie]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi milona]]&nbsp;- [[Chimie]]&nbsp;- [[Logique]]&nbsp;- [[Mathématiques]]&nbsp;- [[Paléontologie]]&nbsp;- [[Physique]]&nbsp;- [[Zoologie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps display.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Technologies & sciences appliquées'''<br /> [[Aérospatiale]]&nbsp;- [[Agronomie]]&nbsp;- [[Cryptologie]]&nbsp;- [[Cybernétique]]&nbsp;- [[Électronique]]&nbsp;- [[Informatique]]&nbsp;- [[Ingénierie]]&nbsp;- [[Internet]]&nbsp;- [[Médecine]]&nbsp;- [[Pharmacie]]&nbsp;- [[Robotique]]&nbsp;- [[Télécommunications]] |} |} </center> 6982 2005-11-23T11:11:29Z Bombo 12 nouveaux catégories locale: les Congos / Afrique & culture lingalaphone <center> {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin-top:0.8em;margin-bottom:0.8em" |width="50%" style="border:1px solid #CCF7CC;background:#EEFFEE"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#EEFFEE" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps xmag.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Special:Search|Boluki]] &amp; [[Aide:consultation|consultation]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Articles de qualité|Articles&nbsp;de&nbsp;qualité]]&nbsp;- [[Index&nbsp;alphabétique]]&nbsp;- [[Liste des listes|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;listes]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Accueil|Tous&nbsp;les&nbsp;portails]]&nbsp;- [[:Catégorie:Principale|Racine&nbsp;des&nbsp;catégories]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; |style="border:1px solid #DDDDF7;background:#F7F7FF"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#F7F7FF" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps hwinfo.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Participation &amp; [[Wikipedia:Community Portal|communauté]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Accueil des nouveaux arrivants|Accueil&nbsp;pour&nbsp;les&nbsp;nouveaux&nbsp;arrivants]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|Kotámbola ya libosó]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Projet|Participez&nbsp;aux&nbsp;projets]]&nbsp;- <!-- [[Wikipédia:Merci_pour_les_photos|Illustrez&nbsp;les&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- --> [[Wikipedia: Bosungi (FAQ)|Poser&nbsp;une&nbsp;question]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Livre d'or|Livre&nbsp;d’or]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |} {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |width="50%"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcoloredit.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Portail:Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya|Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya]]'''<br /> [[Ameublement]]&nbsp;- [[Architecture]] mpe [[Meko ya kobɔngisa mboka]]&nbsp;- [[Arts du spectacle]]&nbsp;- [[Bande dessinée]]&nbsp;- [[Cinéma]]&nbsp;- [[Design]]&nbsp;- [[Histoire de l’art]]&nbsp;- [[Mikanda]]&nbsp;- [[Mizíki]]&nbsp;- [[Peinture]]&nbsp;- [[Photographie]]&nbsp;- [[Sculpture]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps colors.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Vie quotidienne & loisirs'''<br /> [[Aquariophilie]]&nbsp;- [[Bricolage]]&nbsp;- [[Cuisine]]&nbsp;- [[Culture populaire]]&nbsp;- [[Mibeto ya kopɛtɔlo nzoto]]&nbsp;- [[Zardɛ]]&nbsp;- [[Jeu|Jeux]]&nbsp;- [[Vigne et vin]]&nbsp;- [[Philatélie]]&nbsp;- [[Radio]]&nbsp;- [[Motindo]]&nbsp;- [[Masano]]&nbsp;- [[Bilili na mosika]]&nbsp;- [[Botamboli]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!--------------------------------------------- '''Société'''<br /> [[Défense et sécurité]]&nbsp;- [[Droit]]&nbsp;- [[Économie]]&nbsp;- [[Éducation]]&nbsp;- [[Femme]]&nbsp;- [[Politique]]&nbsp;- [[Presse]]&nbsp;- [[Religion]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Transports]] ----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps kfm home.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Lisangá'''<br /> [[Bobateli mpe epekiseli]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mibéko]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mbɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Boteyi]]&nbsp;- [[Mwǎsí]]&nbsp;- [[Politiki]]&nbsp;- [[Mikanda ya nsango]]&nbsp;- [[Relijió]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Maswa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_bookcase.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''[[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]] &amp; [[croyance]]s'''<br /> [[Athéisme]]&nbsp;- [[Bouddhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boklísto]]&nbsp;- [[Ésotérisme]]&nbsp;- [[Hindouisme]]&nbsp;- [[Islamu]]&nbsp;- [[Jaïnisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyúda]]&nbsp;- [[Mythologie]]&nbsp;- [[Paganisme]]&nbsp;- [[Secte]]&nbsp;- [[Sikhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Taoïsme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi bilɔkɔ ya Nzambe]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kfind.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''Kɔ́ngɔ'''<br /> [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Ebale]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]&nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; | {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_browser.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Búku ya Mokili'''<br /> [[Mambí ma Lolenge]]&nbsp;- [[Écologie]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Géologie]]&nbsp;- [[Géopolitique]]&nbsp;- [[Hydrologie]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi ntango]]&nbsp;- [[Monde maritime]]&nbsp;- [[Nkeka]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Bisé_ya_Mokili|Bisé ya Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Toponymie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mambí ma bato'''<br /> [[Mambí ma moto]]&nbsp;- [[Archéologie]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma libóta]]&nbsp;- [[Historia]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma nkóta]]&nbsp;- [[Philosophie]]&nbsp;- [[Psychologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences cognitives]]&nbsp;- [[Sociologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mayebani sembo & sciences naturelles'''<br /> [[Astronomie]]&nbsp;- [[Biologie]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi milona]]&nbsp;- [[Chimie]]&nbsp;- [[Logique]]&nbsp;- [[Mathématiques]]&nbsp;- [[Paléontologie]]&nbsp;- [[Physique]]&nbsp;- [[Zoologie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Boyokoli miango ya mosala & sciences appliquées'''<br /> [[Aérospatiale]]&nbsp;- [[Agronomie]]&nbsp;- [[Cryptologie]]&nbsp;- [[Cybernétique]]&nbsp;- [[Électronique]]&nbsp;- [[Informatique]]&nbsp;- [[Ingénierie]]&nbsp;- [[Internet]]&nbsp;- [[Médecine]]&nbsp;- [[Pharmacie]]&nbsp;- [[Robotique]]&nbsp;- [[Télécommunications]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kweather.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Afrikana & Lingálana'''<br /> [[:Category:Bisé ya Afrika|Bisé ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Animaux de l' afrique]]&nbsp;- [[plantes de l'afrique]]&nbsp;- [[langues africaines]]&nbsp;- [[Historia ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Lingála]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Afrika|Afrika]]&nbsp;- |} |} </center> 7030 2005-11-25T18:27:24Z 129.132.1.4 links <center> {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin-top:0.8em;margin-bottom:0.8em" |width="50%" style="border:1px solid #CCF7CC;background:#EEFFEE"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#EEFFEE" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps xmag.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Special:Search|Boluki]] &amp; [[Aide:consultation|consultation]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Articles de qualité|Articles&nbsp;de&nbsp;qualité]]&nbsp;- [[Index&nbsp;alphabétique]]&nbsp;- [[Liste des listes|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;listes]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Accueil|Tous&nbsp;les&nbsp;portails]]&nbsp;- [[:Catégorie:Principale|Racine&nbsp;des&nbsp;catégories]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; |style="border:1px solid #DDDDF7;background:#F7F7FF"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#F7F7FF" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps hwinfo.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Participation &amp; [[Wikipedia:Community Portal|communauté]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Accueil des nouveaux arrivants|Accueil&nbsp;pour&nbsp;les&nbsp;nouveaux&nbsp;arrivants]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|Kotámbola ya libosó]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Projet|Participez&nbsp;aux&nbsp;projets]]&nbsp;- <!-- [[Wikipédia:Merci_pour_les_photos|Illustrez&nbsp;les&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- --> [[Wikipedia: Bosungi (FAQ)|Poser&nbsp;une&nbsp;question]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Livre d'or|Livre&nbsp;d’or]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |} {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |width="50%"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcoloredit.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Portail:Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya|Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya]]'''<br /> [[Ameublement]]&nbsp;- [[Architecture]] mpe [[Meko ya kobɔngisa mboka]]&nbsp;- [[Arts du spectacle]]&nbsp;- [[Bande dessinée]]&nbsp;- [[Cinéma]]&nbsp;- [[Design]]&nbsp;- [[Histoire de l’art]]&nbsp;- [[Mikanda]]&nbsp;- [[Mizíki]]&nbsp;- [[Peinture]]&nbsp;- [[Photographie]]&nbsp;- [[Sculpture]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps colors.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Vie quotidienne & loisirs'''<br /> [[Aquariophilie]]&nbsp;- [[Bricolage]]&nbsp;- [[Cuisine]]&nbsp;- [[Culture populaire]]&nbsp;- [[Mibeto ya kopɛtɔlo nzoto]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Zardɛ|Zardɛ]]&nbsp;- [[Jeu|Jeux]]&nbsp;- [[Vigne et vin]]&nbsp;- [[Philatélie]]&nbsp;- [[Radio]]&nbsp;- [[Motindo]]&nbsp;- [[Masano]]&nbsp;- [[Bilili na mosika]]&nbsp;- [[Botamboli]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!--------------------------------------------- '''Société'''<br /> [[Défense et sécurité]]&nbsp;- [[Droit]]&nbsp;- [[Économie]]&nbsp;- [[Éducation]]&nbsp;- [[Femme]]&nbsp;- [[Politique]]&nbsp;- [[Presse]]&nbsp;- [[Religion]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Transports]] ----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps kfm home.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Lisangá'''<br /> [[Bobateli mpe epekiseli]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mibéko]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mbɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Boteyi]]&nbsp;- [[Mwǎsí]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Lisangá|Politiki]]&nbsp;- [[Mikanda ya nsango]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Maswa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_bookcase.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''[[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]] &amp; [[croyance]]s'''<br /> [[Athéisme]]&nbsp;- [[Bouddhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boklísto]]&nbsp;- [[Ésotérisme]]&nbsp;- [[Hindouisme]]&nbsp;- [[Islamu]]&nbsp;- [[Jaïnisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyúda]]&nbsp;- [[Mythologie]]&nbsp;- [[Paganisme]]&nbsp;- [[Secte]]&nbsp;- [[Sikhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Taoïsme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi bilɔkɔ ya Nzambe]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kfind.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''Kɔ́ngɔ'''<br /> [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Ebale]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]&nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; | {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_browser.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Búku ya Mokili'''<br /> [[Mambí ma Lolenge]]&nbsp;- [[Écologie]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Géologie]]&nbsp;- [[Géopolitique]]&nbsp;- [[Hydrologie]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi ntango]]&nbsp;- [[Monde maritime]]&nbsp;- [[Nkeka]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Bisé_ya_Mokili|Bisé ya Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Toponymie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mambí ma bato'''<br /> [[Mambí ma moto]]&nbsp;- [[Archéologie]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma libóta]]&nbsp;- [[Historia]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma nkóta]]&nbsp;- [[Philosophie]]&nbsp;- [[Psychologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences cognitives]]&nbsp;- [[Sociologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mayebani sembo & sciences naturelles'''<br /> [[Astronomie]]&nbsp;- [[Biologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Boyebi milona|Boyebi milona]]&nbsp;- [[Chimie]]&nbsp;- [[Logique]]&nbsp;- [[Mathématiques]]&nbsp;- [[Paléontologie]]&nbsp;- [[Physique]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Nyama|Zoologie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Boyokoli miango ya mosala & sciences appliquées'''<br /> [[Aérospatiale]]&nbsp;- [[Agronomie]]&nbsp;- [[Cryptologie]]&nbsp;- [[Cybernétique]]&nbsp;- [[Électronique]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Esálela|Informatique]]&nbsp;- [[Ingénierie]]&nbsp;- [[Internet]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Boyebi mosala ya mónganga|Médecine]]&nbsp;- [[Pharmacie]]&nbsp;- [[Robotique]]&nbsp;- [[Télécommunications]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kweather.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Afrikana & Lingálana'''<br /> [[:Category:Bisé ya Afrika|Bisé ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Animaux de l' afrique]]&nbsp;- [[plantes de l'afrique]]&nbsp;- [[langues africaines]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Historia ya Afrika|Historia ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Lingála]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Afrika|Afrika]]&nbsp;- |} |} </center> 7040 2005-11-25T18:46:27Z 129.132.1.4 links <center> {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin-top:0.8em;margin-bottom:0.8em" |width="50%" style="border:1px solid #CCF7CC;background:#EEFFEE"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#EEFFEE" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps xmag.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Special:Search|Boluki]] &amp; [[Aide:consultation|consultation]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Articles de qualité|Articles&nbsp;de&nbsp;qualité]]&nbsp;- [[Index&nbsp;alphabétique]]&nbsp;- [[Liste des listes|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;listes]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Accueil|Tous&nbsp;les&nbsp;portails]]&nbsp;- [[:Catégorie:Principale|Racine&nbsp;des&nbsp;catégories]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; |style="border:1px solid #DDDDF7;background:#F7F7FF"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#F7F7FF" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps hwinfo.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Participation &amp; [[Wikipedia:Community Portal|communauté]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Accueil des nouveaux arrivants|Accueil&nbsp;pour&nbsp;les&nbsp;nouveaux&nbsp;arrivants]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|Kotámbola ya libosó]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Projet|Participez&nbsp;aux&nbsp;projets]]&nbsp;- <!-- [[Wikipédia:Merci_pour_les_photos|Illustrez&nbsp;les&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- --> [[Wikipedia: Bosungi (FAQ)|Poser&nbsp;une&nbsp;question]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Livre d'or|Livre&nbsp;d’or]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |} {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |width="50%"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcoloredit.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Portail:Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya|Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya]]'''<br /> [[Ameublement]]&nbsp;- [[Architecture]] mpe [[Meko ya kobɔngisa mboka]]&nbsp;- [[Arts du spectacle]]&nbsp;- [[Bande dessinée]]&nbsp;- [[Cinéma]]&nbsp;- [[Design]]&nbsp;- [[Histoire de l’art]]&nbsp;- [[Mikanda]]&nbsp;- [[Mizíki]]&nbsp;- [[Peinture]]&nbsp;- [[Photographie]]&nbsp;- [[Sculpture]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps colors.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Vie quotidienne & loisirs'''<br /> [[Aquariophilie]]&nbsp;- [[Bricolage]]&nbsp;- [[Cuisine]]&nbsp;- [[Culture populaire]]&nbsp;- [[Mibeto ya kopɛtɔlo nzoto]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Zardɛ|Zardɛ]]&nbsp;- [[Jeu|Jeux]]&nbsp;- [[Vigne et vin]]&nbsp;- [[Philatélie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Radio|Radio]]&nbsp;- [[Motindo]]&nbsp;- [[Masano]]&nbsp;- [[Bilili na mosika]]&nbsp;- [[Botamboli]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!--------------------------------------------- '''Société'''<br /> [[Défense et sécurité]]&nbsp;- [[Droit]]&nbsp;- [[Économie]]&nbsp;- [[Éducation]]&nbsp;- [[Femme]]&nbsp;- [[Politique]]&nbsp;- [[Presse]]&nbsp;- [[Religion]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Transports]] ----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps kfm home.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Lisangá'''<br /> [[Bobateli mpe epekiseli]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mibéko]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mbɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Boteyi|Boteyi]]&nbsp;- [[Mwǎsí]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Lisangá|Politiki]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Mikanda ya nsango|Mikanda ya nsango]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Maswa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_bookcase.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''[[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]] &amp; [[croyance]]s'''<br /> [[Athéisme]]&nbsp;- [[Bouddhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boklísto]]&nbsp;- [[Ésotérisme]]&nbsp;- [[Hindouisme]]&nbsp;- [[Islamu]]&nbsp;- [[Jaïnisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyúda]]&nbsp;- [[Mythologie]]&nbsp;- [[Paganisme]]&nbsp;- [[Secte]]&nbsp;- [[Sikhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Taoïsme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi bilɔkɔ ya Nzambe]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kfind.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''Kɔ́ngɔ'''<br /> [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Ebale]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]&nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; | {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_browser.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Búku ya Mokili'''<br /> [[Mambí ma Lolenge]]&nbsp;- [[Écologie]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Géologie]]&nbsp;- [[Géopolitique]]&nbsp;- [[Hydrologie]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi ntango]]&nbsp;- [[Monde maritime]]&nbsp;- [[Nkeka]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Bisé_ya_Mokili|Bisé ya Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Toponymie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mambí ma bato'''<br /> [[Mambí ma moto]]&nbsp;- [[Archéologie]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma libóta]]&nbsp;- [[Historia]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma nkóta]]&nbsp;- [[Philosophie]]&nbsp;- [[Psychologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences cognitives]]&nbsp;- [[Sociologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mayebani sembo & sciences naturelles'''<br /> [[Astronomie]]&nbsp;- [[Biologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Boyebi milona|Boyebi milona]]&nbsp;- [[Chimie]]&nbsp;- [[Logique]]&nbsp;- [[Mathématiques]]&nbsp;- [[Paléontologie]]&nbsp;- [[Physique]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Nyama|Zoologie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Boyokoli miango ya mosala & sciences appliquées'''<br /> [[Aérospatiale]]&nbsp;- [[Agronomie]]&nbsp;- [[Cryptologie]]&nbsp;- [[Cybernétique]]&nbsp;- [[Électronique]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Esálela|Informatique]]&nbsp;- [[Ingénierie]]&nbsp;- [[Internet]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Boyebi mosala ya mónganga|Médecine]]&nbsp;- [[Pharmacie]]&nbsp;- [[Robotique]]&nbsp;- [[Télécommunications]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kweather.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Afrikana & Lingálana'''<br /> [[:Category:Bisé ya Afrika|Bisé ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Animaux de l' afrique]]&nbsp;- [[plantes de l'afrique]]&nbsp;- [[langues africaines]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Historia ya Afrika|Historia ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Lingála]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Afrika|Afrika]]&nbsp;- |} |} </center> 7044 2005-11-28T09:43:37Z 160.85.2.50 Turismɛ <center> {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin-top:0.8em;margin-bottom:0.8em" |width="50%" style="border:1px solid #CCF7CC;background:#EEFFEE"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#EEFFEE" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps xmag.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Special:Search|Boluki]] &amp; [[Aide:consultation|consultation]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Articles de qualité|Articles&nbsp;de&nbsp;qualité]]&nbsp;- [[Index&nbsp;alphabétique]]&nbsp;- [[Liste des listes|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;listes]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Accueil|Tous&nbsp;les&nbsp;portails]]&nbsp;- [[:Catégorie:Principale|Racine&nbsp;des&nbsp;catégories]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; |style="border:1px solid #DDDDF7;background:#F7F7FF"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#F7F7FF" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps hwinfo.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Participation &amp; [[Wikipedia:Community Portal|communauté]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Accueil des nouveaux arrivants|Accueil&nbsp;pour&nbsp;les&nbsp;nouveaux&nbsp;arrivants]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|Kotámbola ya libosó]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Projet|Participez&nbsp;aux&nbsp;projets]]&nbsp;- <!-- [[Wikipédia:Merci_pour_les_photos|Illustrez&nbsp;les&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- --> [[Wikipedia: Bosungi (FAQ)|Poser&nbsp;une&nbsp;question]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Livre d'or|Livre&nbsp;d’or]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |} {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |width="50%"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcoloredit.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Portail:Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya|Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya]]'''<br /> [[Ameublement]]&nbsp;- [[Architecture]] mpe [[Meko ya kobɔngisa mboka]]&nbsp;- [[Arts du spectacle]]&nbsp;- [[Bande dessinée]]&nbsp;- [[Cinéma]]&nbsp;- [[Design]]&nbsp;- [[Histoire de l’art]]&nbsp;- [[Mikanda]]&nbsp;- [[Mizíki]]&nbsp;- [[Peinture]]&nbsp;- [[Photographie]]&nbsp;- [[Sculpture]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps colors.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Vie quotidienne & loisirs'''<br /> [[Aquariophilie]]&nbsp;- [[Bricolage]]&nbsp;- [[Cuisine]]&nbsp;- [[Culture populaire]]&nbsp;- [[Mibeto ya kopɛtɔlo nzoto]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Zardɛ|Zardɛ]]&nbsp;- [[Jeu|Jeux]]&nbsp;- [[Vigne et vin]]&nbsp;- [[Philatélie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Radio|Radio]]&nbsp;- [[Motindo]]&nbsp;- [[Masano]]&nbsp;- [[Bilili na mosika]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Turismɛ|Botamboli (Turismɛ)]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!--------------------------------------------- '''Société'''<br /> [[Défense et sécurité]]&nbsp;- [[Droit]]&nbsp;- [[Économie]]&nbsp;- [[Éducation]]&nbsp;- [[Femme]]&nbsp;- [[Politique]]&nbsp;- [[Presse]]&nbsp;- [[Religion]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Transports]] ----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps kfm home.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Lisangá'''<br /> [[Bobateli mpe epekiseli]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mibéko]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mbɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Boteyi|Boteyi]]&nbsp;- [[Mwǎsí]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Lisangá|Politiki]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Mikanda ya nsango|Mikanda ya nsango]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Maswa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_bookcase.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''[[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]] &amp; [[croyance]]s'''<br /> [[Athéisme]]&nbsp;- [[Bouddhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boklísto]]&nbsp;- [[Ésotérisme]]&nbsp;- [[Hindouisme]]&nbsp;- [[Islamu]]&nbsp;- [[Jaïnisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyúda]]&nbsp;- [[Mythologie]]&nbsp;- [[Paganisme]]&nbsp;- [[Secte]]&nbsp;- [[Sikhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Taoïsme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi bilɔkɔ ya Nzambe]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kfind.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''Kɔ́ngɔ'''<br /> [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Ebale]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]&nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; | {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_browser.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Búku ya Mokili'''<br /> [[Mambí ma Lolenge]]&nbsp;- [[Écologie]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Géologie]]&nbsp;- [[Géopolitique]]&nbsp;- [[Hydrologie]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi ntango]]&nbsp;- [[Monde maritime]]&nbsp;- [[Nkeka]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Bisé_ya_Mokili|Bisé ya Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Toponymie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mambí ma bato'''<br /> [[Mambí ma moto]]&nbsp;- [[Archéologie]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma libóta]]&nbsp;- [[Historia]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma nkóta]]&nbsp;- [[Philosophie]]&nbsp;- [[Psychologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences cognitives]]&nbsp;- [[Sociologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mayebani sembo & sciences naturelles'''<br /> [[Astronomie]]&nbsp;- [[Biologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Boyebi milona|Boyebi milona]]&nbsp;- [[Chimie]]&nbsp;- [[Logique]]&nbsp;- [[Mathématiques]]&nbsp;- [[Paléontologie]]&nbsp;- [[Physique]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Nyama|Zoologie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Boyokoli miango ya mosala & sciences appliquées'''<br /> [[Aérospatiale]]&nbsp;- [[Agronomie]]&nbsp;- [[Cryptologie]]&nbsp;- [[Cybernétique]]&nbsp;- [[Électronique]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Esálela|Informatique]]&nbsp;- [[Ingénierie]]&nbsp;- [[Internet]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Boyebi mosala ya mónganga|Médecine]]&nbsp;- [[Pharmacie]]&nbsp;- [[Robotique]]&nbsp;- [[Télécommunications]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kweather.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Afrikana & Lingálana'''<br /> [[:Category:Bisé ya Afrika|Bisé ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Animaux de l' afrique]]&nbsp;- [[plantes de l'afrique]]&nbsp;- [[langues africaines]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Historia ya Afrika|Historia ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Lingála]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Afrika|Afrika]]&nbsp;- |} |} </center> 7214 2005-12-05T21:50:26Z Moyogo 11 Botéyi <center> {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin-top:0.8em;margin-bottom:0.8em" |width="50%" style="border:1px solid #CCF7CC;background:#EEFFEE"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#EEFFEE" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps xmag.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Special:Search|Boluki]] &amp; [[Aide:consultation|consultation]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Articles de qualité|Articles&nbsp;de&nbsp;qualité]]&nbsp;- [[Index&nbsp;alphabétique]]&nbsp;- [[Liste des listes|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;listes]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Accueil|Tous&nbsp;les&nbsp;portails]]&nbsp;- [[:Catégorie:Principale|Racine&nbsp;des&nbsp;catégories]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; |style="border:1px solid #DDDDF7;background:#F7F7FF"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#F7F7FF" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps hwinfo.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Participation &amp; [[Wikipedia:Community Portal|communauté]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Accueil des nouveaux arrivants|Accueil&nbsp;pour&nbsp;les&nbsp;nouveaux&nbsp;arrivants]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|Kotámbola ya libosó]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Projet|Participez&nbsp;aux&nbsp;projets]]&nbsp;- <!-- [[Wikipédia:Merci_pour_les_photos|Illustrez&nbsp;les&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- --> [[Wikipedia: Bosungi (FAQ)|Poser&nbsp;une&nbsp;question]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Livre d'or|Livre&nbsp;d’or]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |} {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |width="50%"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcoloredit.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Portail:Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya|Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya]]'''<br /> [[Ameublement]]&nbsp;- [[Architecture]] mpe [[Meko ya kobɔngisa mboka]]&nbsp;- [[Arts du spectacle]]&nbsp;- [[Bande dessinée]]&nbsp;- [[Cinéma]]&nbsp;- [[Design]]&nbsp;- [[Histoire de l’art]]&nbsp;- [[Mikanda]]&nbsp;- [[Mizíki]]&nbsp;- [[Peinture]]&nbsp;- [[Photographie]]&nbsp;- [[Sculpture]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps colors.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Vie quotidienne & loisirs'''<br /> [[Aquariophilie]]&nbsp;- [[Bricolage]]&nbsp;- [[Cuisine]]&nbsp;- [[Culture populaire]]&nbsp;- [[Mibeto ya kopɛtɔlo nzoto]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Zardɛ|Zardɛ]]&nbsp;- [[Jeu|Jeux]]&nbsp;- [[Vigne et vin]]&nbsp;- [[Philatélie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Radio|Radio]]&nbsp;- [[Motindo]]&nbsp;- [[Masano]]&nbsp;- [[Bilili na mosika]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Turismɛ|Botamboli (Turismɛ)]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!--------------------------------------------- '''Société'''<br /> [[Défense et sécurité]]&nbsp;- [[Droit]]&nbsp;- [[Économie]]&nbsp;- [[Éducation]]&nbsp;- [[Femme]]&nbsp;- [[Politique]]&nbsp;- [[Presse]]&nbsp;- [[Religion]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Transports]] ----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps kfm home.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Lisangá'''<br /> [[Bobateli mpe epekiseli]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mibéko]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mbɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Botéyi|Botéyi]]&nbsp;- [[Mwǎsí]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Lisangá|Politiki]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Mikanda ya nsango|Mikanda ya nsango]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Maswa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_bookcase.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''[[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]] &amp; [[croyance]]s'''<br /> [[Athéisme]]&nbsp;- [[Bouddhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boklísto]]&nbsp;- [[Ésotérisme]]&nbsp;- [[Hindouisme]]&nbsp;- [[Islamu]]&nbsp;- [[Jaïnisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyúda]]&nbsp;- [[Mythologie]]&nbsp;- [[Paganisme]]&nbsp;- [[Secte]]&nbsp;- [[Sikhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Taoïsme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi bilɔkɔ ya Nzambe]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kfind.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''Kɔ́ngɔ'''<br /> [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Ebale]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]&nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; | {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_browser.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Búku ya Mokili'''<br /> [[Mambí ma Lolenge]]&nbsp;- [[Écologie]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Géologie]]&nbsp;- [[Géopolitique]]&nbsp;- [[Hydrologie]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi ntango]]&nbsp;- [[Monde maritime]]&nbsp;- [[Nkeka]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Bisé_ya_Mokili|Bisé ya Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Toponymie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mambí ma bato'''<br /> [[Mambí ma moto]]&nbsp;- [[Archéologie]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma libóta]]&nbsp;- [[Historia]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma nkóta]]&nbsp;- [[Philosophie]]&nbsp;- [[Psychologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences cognitives]]&nbsp;- [[Sociologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mayebani sembo & sciences naturelles'''<br /> [[Astronomie]]&nbsp;- [[Biologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Boyebi milona|Boyebi milona]]&nbsp;- [[Chimie]]&nbsp;- [[Logique]]&nbsp;- [[Mathématiques]]&nbsp;- [[Paléontologie]]&nbsp;- [[Physique]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Nyama|Zoologie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Boyokoli miango ya mosala & sciences appliquées'''<br /> [[Aérospatiale]]&nbsp;- [[Agronomie]]&nbsp;- [[Cryptologie]]&nbsp;- [[Cybernétique]]&nbsp;- [[Électronique]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Esálela|Informatique]]&nbsp;- [[Ingénierie]]&nbsp;- [[Internet]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Boyebi mosala ya mónganga|Médecine]]&nbsp;- [[Pharmacie]]&nbsp;- [[Robotique]]&nbsp;- [[Télécommunications]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kweather.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Afrikana & Lingálana'''<br /> [[:Category:Bisé ya Afrika|Bisé ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Animaux de l' afrique]]&nbsp;- [[plantes de l'afrique]]&nbsp;- [[langues africaines]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Historia ya Afrika|Historia ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Lingála]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Afrika|Afrika]]&nbsp;- |} |} </center> 7271 2005-12-07T08:26:55Z 160.85.2.50 Historia <center> {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin-top:0.8em;margin-bottom:0.8em" |width="50%" style="border:1px solid #CCF7CC;background:#EEFFEE"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#EEFFEE" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps xmag.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Special:Search|Boluki]] &amp; [[Aide:consultation|consultation]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Articles de qualité|Articles&nbsp;de&nbsp;qualité]]&nbsp;- [[Index&nbsp;alphabétique]]&nbsp;- [[Liste des listes|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;listes]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Accueil|Tous&nbsp;les&nbsp;portails]]&nbsp;- [[:Catégorie:Principale|Racine&nbsp;des&nbsp;catégories]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; |style="border:1px solid #DDDDF7;background:#F7F7FF"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#F7F7FF" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps hwinfo.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Participation &amp; [[Wikipedia:Community Portal|communauté]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Accueil des nouveaux arrivants|Accueil&nbsp;pour&nbsp;les&nbsp;nouveaux&nbsp;arrivants]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|Kotámbola ya libosó]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Projet|Participez&nbsp;aux&nbsp;projets]]&nbsp;- <!-- [[Wikipédia:Merci_pour_les_photos|Illustrez&nbsp;les&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- --> [[Wikipedia: Bosungi (FAQ)|Poser&nbsp;une&nbsp;question]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Livre d'or|Livre&nbsp;d’or]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |} {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |width="50%"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcoloredit.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Portail:Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya|Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya]]'''<br /> [[Ameublement]]&nbsp;- [[Architecture]] mpe [[Meko ya kobɔngisa mboka]]&nbsp;- [[Arts du spectacle]]&nbsp;- [[Bande dessinée]]&nbsp;- [[Cinéma]]&nbsp;- [[Design]]&nbsp;- [[Histoire de l’art]]&nbsp;- [[Mikanda]]&nbsp;- [[Mizíki]]&nbsp;- [[Peinture]]&nbsp;- [[Photographie]]&nbsp;- [[Sculpture]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps colors.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Vie quotidienne & loisirs'''<br /> [[Aquariophilie]]&nbsp;- [[Bricolage]]&nbsp;- [[Cuisine]]&nbsp;- [[Culture populaire]]&nbsp;- [[Mibeto ya kopɛtɔlo nzoto]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Zardɛ|Zardɛ]]&nbsp;- [[Jeu|Jeux]]&nbsp;- [[Vigne et vin]]&nbsp;- [[Philatélie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Radio|Radio]]&nbsp;- [[Motindo]]&nbsp;- [[Masano]]&nbsp;- [[Bilili na mosika]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Turismɛ|Botamboli (Turismɛ)]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!--------------------------------------------- '''Société'''<br /> [[Défense et sécurité]]&nbsp;- [[Droit]]&nbsp;- [[Économie]]&nbsp;- [[Éducation]]&nbsp;- [[Femme]]&nbsp;- [[Politique]]&nbsp;- [[Presse]]&nbsp;- [[Religion]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Transports]] ----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps kfm home.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Lisangá'''<br /> [[Bobateli mpe epekiseli]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mibéko]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mbɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Botéyi|Botéyi]]&nbsp;- [[Mwǎsí]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Lisangá|Politiki]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Mikanda ya nsango|Mikanda ya nsango]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Maswa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_bookcase.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''[[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]] &amp; [[croyance]]s'''<br /> [[Athéisme]]&nbsp;- [[Bouddhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boklísto]]&nbsp;- [[Ésotérisme]]&nbsp;- [[Hindouisme]]&nbsp;- [[Islamu]]&nbsp;- [[Jaïnisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyúda]]&nbsp;- [[Mythologie]]&nbsp;- [[Paganisme]]&nbsp;- [[Secte]]&nbsp;- [[Sikhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Taoïsme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi bilɔkɔ ya Nzambe]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kfind.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''Kɔ́ngɔ'''<br /> [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Ebale]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]&nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; | {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_browser.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Búku ya Mokili'''<br /> [[Mambí ma Lolenge]]&nbsp;- [[Écologie]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Géologie]]&nbsp;- [[Géopolitique]]&nbsp;- [[Hydrologie]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi ntango]]&nbsp;- [[Monde maritime]]&nbsp;- [[Nkeka]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Bisé_ya_Mokili|Bisé ya Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Toponymie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mambí ma bato'''<br /> [[Mambí ma moto]]&nbsp;- [[Archéologie]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma libóta]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Historia|Historia]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma nkóta]]&nbsp;- [[Philosophie]]&nbsp;- [[Psychologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences cognitives]]&nbsp;- [[Sociologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mayebani sembo & sciences naturelles'''<br /> [[Astronomie]]&nbsp;- [[Biologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Boyebi milona|Boyebi milona]]&nbsp;- [[Chimie]]&nbsp;- [[Logique]]&nbsp;- [[Mathématiques]]&nbsp;- [[Paléontologie]]&nbsp;- [[Physique]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Nyama|Zoologie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Boyokoli miango ya mosala & sciences appliquées'''<br /> [[Aérospatiale]]&nbsp;- [[Agronomie]]&nbsp;- [[Cryptologie]]&nbsp;- [[Cybernétique]]&nbsp;- [[Électronique]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Esálela|Informatique]]&nbsp;- [[Ingénierie]]&nbsp;- [[Internet]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Boyebi mosala ya mónganga|Médecine]]&nbsp;- [[Pharmacie]]&nbsp;- [[Robotique]]&nbsp;- [[Télécommunications]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kweather.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Afrikana & Lingálana'''<br /> [[:Category:Bisé ya Afrika|Bisé ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Animaux de l' afrique]]&nbsp;- [[plantes de l'afrique]]&nbsp;- [[langues africaines]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Historia ya Afrika|Historia ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Lingála]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Afrika|Afrika]]&nbsp;- |} |} </center> 7275 2005-12-07T08:43:52Z 160.85.2.50 link Mambi ma Mokili <center> {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin-top:0.8em;margin-bottom:0.8em" |width="50%" style="border:1px solid #CCF7CC;background:#EEFFEE"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#EEFFEE" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps xmag.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Special:Search|Boluki]] &amp; [[Aide:consultation|consultation]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Articles de qualité|Articles&nbsp;de&nbsp;qualité]]&nbsp;- [[Index&nbsp;alphabétique]]&nbsp;- [[Liste des listes|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;listes]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Accueil|Tous&nbsp;les&nbsp;portails]]&nbsp;- [[:Catégorie:Principale|Racine&nbsp;des&nbsp;catégories]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; |style="border:1px solid #DDDDF7;background:#F7F7FF"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#F7F7FF" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps hwinfo.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Participation &amp; [[Wikipedia:Community Portal|communauté]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Accueil des nouveaux arrivants|Accueil&nbsp;pour&nbsp;les&nbsp;nouveaux&nbsp;arrivants]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|Kotámbola ya libosó]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Projet|Participez&nbsp;aux&nbsp;projets]]&nbsp;- <!-- [[Wikipédia:Merci_pour_les_photos|Illustrez&nbsp;les&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- --> [[Wikipedia: Bosungi (FAQ)|Poser&nbsp;une&nbsp;question]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Livre d'or|Livre&nbsp;d’or]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |} {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |width="50%"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcoloredit.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Portail:Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya|Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya]]'''<br /> [[Ameublement]]&nbsp;- [[Architecture]] mpe [[Meko ya kobɔngisa mboka]]&nbsp;- [[Arts du spectacle]]&nbsp;- [[Bande dessinée]]&nbsp;- [[Cinéma]]&nbsp;- [[Design]]&nbsp;- [[Histoire de l’art]]&nbsp;- [[Mikanda]]&nbsp;- [[Mizíki]]&nbsp;- [[Peinture]]&nbsp;- [[Photographie]]&nbsp;- [[Sculpture]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps colors.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Vie quotidienne & loisirs'''<br /> [[Aquariophilie]]&nbsp;- [[Bricolage]]&nbsp;- [[Cuisine]]&nbsp;- [[Culture populaire]]&nbsp;- [[Mibeto ya kopɛtɔlo nzoto]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Zardɛ|Zardɛ]]&nbsp;- [[Jeu|Jeux]]&nbsp;- [[Vigne et vin]]&nbsp;- [[Philatélie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Radio|Radio]]&nbsp;- [[Motindo]]&nbsp;- [[Masano]]&nbsp;- [[Bilili na mosika]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Turismɛ|Botamboli (Turismɛ)]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!--------------------------------------------- '''Société'''<br /> [[Défense et sécurité]]&nbsp;- [[Droit]]&nbsp;- [[Économie]]&nbsp;- [[Éducation]]&nbsp;- [[Femme]]&nbsp;- [[Politique]]&nbsp;- [[Presse]]&nbsp;- [[Religion]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Transports]] ----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps kfm home.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Lisangá'''<br /> [[Bobateli mpe epekiseli]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mibéko]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mbɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Botéyi|Botéyi]]&nbsp;- [[Mwǎsí]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Lisangá|Politiki]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Mikanda ya nsango|Mikanda ya nsango]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Maswa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_bookcase.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''[[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]] &amp; [[croyance]]s'''<br /> [[Athéisme]]&nbsp;- [[Bouddhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boklísto]]&nbsp;- [[Ésotérisme]]&nbsp;- [[Hindouisme]]&nbsp;- [[Islamu]]&nbsp;- [[Jaïnisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyúda]]&nbsp;- [[Mythologie]]&nbsp;- [[Paganisme]]&nbsp;- [[Secte]]&nbsp;- [[Sikhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Taoïsme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi bilɔkɔ ya Nzambe]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kfind.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''Kɔ́ngɔ'''<br /> [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Ebale]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)|Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]&nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; | {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_browser.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Búku ya Mokili'''<br /> [[Mambí ma Lolenge]]&nbsp;- [[Écologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Jyografi|Mambí ma Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Géologie]]&nbsp;- [[Géopolitique]]&nbsp;- [[Hydrologie]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi ntango]]&nbsp;- [[Monde maritime]]&nbsp;- [[Nkeka]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Bisé_ya_Mokili|Bisé ya Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Toponymie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mambí ma bato'''<br /> [[Mambí ma moto]]&nbsp;- [[Archéologie]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma libóta]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Historia|Historia]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma nkóta]]&nbsp;- [[Philosophie]]&nbsp;- [[Psychologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences cognitives]]&nbsp;- [[Sociologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mayebani sembo & sciences naturelles'''<br /> [[Astronomie]]&nbsp;- [[Biologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Boyebi milona|Boyebi milona]]&nbsp;- [[Chimie]]&nbsp;- [[Logique]]&nbsp;- [[Mathématiques]]&nbsp;- [[Paléontologie]]&nbsp;- [[Physique]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Nyama|Zoologie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Boyokoli miango ya mosala & sciences appliquées'''<br /> [[Aérospatiale]]&nbsp;- [[Agronomie]]&nbsp;- [[Cryptologie]]&nbsp;- [[Cybernétique]]&nbsp;- [[Électronique]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Esálela|Informatique]]&nbsp;- [[Ingénierie]]&nbsp;- [[Internet]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Boyebi mosala ya mónganga|Médecine]]&nbsp;- [[Pharmacie]]&nbsp;- [[Robotique]]&nbsp;- [[Télécommunications]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kweather.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Afrikana & Lingálana'''<br /> [[:Category:Bisé ya Afrika|Bisé ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Animaux de l' afrique]]&nbsp;- [[plantes de l'afrique]]&nbsp;- [[langues africaines]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Historia ya Afrika|Historia ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Lingála]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Afrika|Afrika]]&nbsp;- |} |} </center> 7283 2005-12-07T18:08:37Z Moyogo 11 <center> {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin-top:0.8em;margin-bottom:0.8em" |width="50%" style="border:1px solid #CCF7CC;background:#EEFFEE"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#EEFFEE" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps xmag.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Special:Search|Boluki]] &amp; [[Aide:consultation|consultation]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Articles de qualité|Articles&nbsp;de&nbsp;qualité]]&nbsp;- [[Index&nbsp;alphabétique]]&nbsp;- [[Liste des listes|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;listes]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Accueil|Tous&nbsp;les&nbsp;portails]]&nbsp;- [[:Catégorie:Principale|Racine&nbsp;des&nbsp;catégories]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; |style="border:1px solid #DDDDF7;background:#F7F7FF"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#F7F7FF" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps hwinfo.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Participation &amp; [[Wikipedia:Community Portal|communauté]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Accueil des nouveaux arrivants|Accueil&nbsp;pour&nbsp;les&nbsp;nouveaux&nbsp;arrivants]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|Kotámbola ya libosó]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Projet|Participez&nbsp;aux&nbsp;projets]]&nbsp;- <!-- [[Wikipédia:Merci_pour_les_photos|Illustrez&nbsp;les&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- --> [[Wikipedia: Bosungi (FAQ)|Poser&nbsp;une&nbsp;question]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Livre d'or|Livre&nbsp;d’or]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |} {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |width="50%"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcoloredit.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Portail:Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya|Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya]]'''<br /> [[Ameublement]]&nbsp;- [[Architecture]] mpe [[Meko ya kobɔngisa mboka]]&nbsp;- [[Arts du spectacle]]&nbsp;- [[Bande dessinée]]&nbsp;- [[Cinéma]]&nbsp;- [[Design]]&nbsp;- [[Histoire de l’art]]&nbsp;- [[Mikanda]]&nbsp;- [[Mizíki]]&nbsp;- [[Peinture]]&nbsp;- [[Photographie]]&nbsp;- [[Sculpture]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps colors.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Vie quotidienne & loisirs'''<br /> [[Aquariophilie]]&nbsp;- [[Bricolage]]&nbsp;- [[Cuisine]]&nbsp;- [[Culture populaire]]&nbsp;- [[Mibeto ya kopɛtɔlo nzoto]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Zardɛ|Zardɛ]]&nbsp;- [[Jeu|Jeux]]&nbsp;- [[Vigne et vin]]&nbsp;- [[Philatélie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Radio|Radio]]&nbsp;- [[Motindo]]&nbsp;- [[Masano]]&nbsp;- [[Bilili na mosika]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Turismɛ|Botamboli (Turismɛ)]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!--------------------------------------------- '''Société'''<br /> [[Défense et sécurité]]&nbsp;- [[Droit]]&nbsp;- [[Économie]]&nbsp;- [[Éducation]]&nbsp;- [[Femme]]&nbsp;- [[Politique]]&nbsp;- [[Presse]]&nbsp;- [[Religion]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Transports]] ----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps kfm home.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Lisangá'''<br /> [[Bobateli mpe epekiseli]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mibéko]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mbɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Botéyi|Botéyi]]&nbsp;- [[Mwǎsí]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Lisangá|Politiki]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Mikanda ya nsango|Mikanda ya nsango]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Maswa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_bookcase.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''[[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]] &amp; [[croyance]]s'''<br /> [[Athéisme]]&nbsp;- [[Bouddhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boklísto]]&nbsp;- [[Ésotérisme]]&nbsp;- [[Hindouisme]]&nbsp;- [[Islamu]]&nbsp;- [[Jaïnisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyúda]]&nbsp;- [[Mythologie]]&nbsp;- [[Paganisme]]&nbsp;- [[Secte]]&nbsp;- [[Sikhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Taoïsme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi bilɔkɔ ya Nzambe]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kfind.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''Kɔ́ngɔ'''<br /> [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Ebale]]&nbsp;- [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́ (Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]]&nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]&nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; | {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_browser.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Búku ya Mokili'''<br /> [[Mambí ma Lolenge]]&nbsp;- [[Écologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Jyografi|Mambí ma Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Géologie]]&nbsp;- [[Géopolitique]]&nbsp;- [[Hydrologie]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi ntango]]&nbsp;- [[Monde maritime]]&nbsp;- [[Nkeka]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Bisé_ya_Mokili|Bisé ya Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Toponymie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mambí ma bato'''<br /> [[Mambí ma moto]]&nbsp;- [[Archéologie]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma libóta]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Historia|Historia]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma nkóta]]&nbsp;- [[Philosophie]]&nbsp;- [[Psychologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences cognitives]]&nbsp;- [[Sociologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mayebani sembo & sciences naturelles'''<br /> [[Astronomie]]&nbsp;- [[Biologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Boyebi milona|Boyebi milona]]&nbsp;- [[Chimie]]&nbsp;- [[Logique]]&nbsp;- [[Mathématiques]]&nbsp;- [[Paléontologie]]&nbsp;- [[Physique]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Nyama|Zoologie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Boyokoli miango ya mosala & sciences appliquées'''<br /> [[Aérospatiale]]&nbsp;- [[Agronomie]]&nbsp;- [[Cryptologie]]&nbsp;- [[Cybernétique]]&nbsp;- [[Électronique]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Esálela|Informatique]]&nbsp;- [[Ingénierie]]&nbsp;- [[Internet]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Boyebi mosala ya mónganga|Médecine]]&nbsp;- [[Pharmacie]]&nbsp;- [[Robotique]]&nbsp;- [[Télécommunications]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kweather.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Afrikana & Lingálana'''<br /> [[:Category:Bisé ya Afrika|Bisé ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Animaux de l' afrique]]&nbsp;- [[plantes de l'afrique]]&nbsp;- [[langues africaines]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Historia ya Afrika|Historia ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Lingála]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Afrika|Afrika]]&nbsp;- |} |} </center> 7284 2005-12-07T18:51:25Z Moyogo 11 Physique -> Físíkí selon Ashem Tem <center> {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin-top:0.8em;margin-bottom:0.8em" |width="50%" style="border:1px solid #CCF7CC;background:#EEFFEE"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#EEFFEE" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps xmag.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Special:Search|Boluki]] &amp; [[Aide:consultation|consultation]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Articles de qualité|Articles&nbsp;de&nbsp;qualité]]&nbsp;- [[Index&nbsp;alphabétique]]&nbsp;- [[Liste des listes|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;listes]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Accueil|Tous&nbsp;les&nbsp;portails]]&nbsp;- [[:Catégorie:Principale|Racine&nbsp;des&nbsp;catégories]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; |style="border:1px solid #DDDDF7;background:#F7F7FF"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#F7F7FF" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps hwinfo.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Participation &amp; [[Wikipedia:Community Portal|communauté]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Accueil des nouveaux arrivants|Accueil&nbsp;pour&nbsp;les&nbsp;nouveaux&nbsp;arrivants]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|Kotámbola ya libosó]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Projet|Participez&nbsp;aux&nbsp;projets]]&nbsp;- <!-- [[Wikipédia:Merci_pour_les_photos|Illustrez&nbsp;les&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- --> [[Wikipedia: Bosungi (FAQ)|Poser&nbsp;une&nbsp;question]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Livre d'or|Livre&nbsp;d’or]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |} {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |width="50%"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcoloredit.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Portail:Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya|Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya]]'''<br /> [[Ameublement]]&nbsp;- [[Architecture]] mpe [[Meko ya kobɔngisa mboka]]&nbsp;- [[Arts du spectacle]]&nbsp;- [[Bande dessinée]]&nbsp;- [[Cinéma]]&nbsp;- [[Design]]&nbsp;- [[Histoire de l’art]]&nbsp;- [[Mikanda]]&nbsp;- [[Mizíki]]&nbsp;- [[Peinture]]&nbsp;- [[Photographie]]&nbsp;- [[Sculpture]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps colors.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Vie quotidienne & loisirs'''<br /> [[Aquariophilie]]&nbsp;- [[Bricolage]]&nbsp;- [[Cuisine]]&nbsp;- [[Culture populaire]]&nbsp;- [[Mibeto ya kopɛtɔlo nzoto]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Zardɛ|Zardɛ]]&nbsp;- [[Jeu|Jeux]]&nbsp;- [[Vigne et vin]]&nbsp;- [[Philatélie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Radio|Radio]]&nbsp;- [[Motindo]]&nbsp;- [[Masano]]&nbsp;- [[Bilili na mosika]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Turismɛ|Botamboli (Turismɛ)]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!--------------------------------------------- '''Société'''<br /> [[Défense et sécurité]]&nbsp;- [[Droit]]&nbsp;- [[Économie]]&nbsp;- [[Éducation]]&nbsp;- [[Femme]]&nbsp;- [[Politique]]&nbsp;- [[Presse]]&nbsp;- [[Religion]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Transports]] ----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps kfm home.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Lisangá'''<br /> [[Bobateli mpe epekiseli]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mibéko]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mbɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Botéyi|Botéyi]]&nbsp;- [[Mwǎsí]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Lisangá|Politiki]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Mikanda ya nsango|Mikanda ya nsango]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Maswa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_bookcase.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''[[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]] &amp; [[croyance]]s'''<br /> [[Athéisme]]&nbsp;- [[Bouddhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boklísto]]&nbsp;- [[Ésotérisme]]&nbsp;- [[Hindouisme]]&nbsp;- [[Islamu]]&nbsp;- [[Jaïnisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyúda]]&nbsp;- [[Mythologie]]&nbsp;- [[Paganisme]]&nbsp;- [[Secte]]&nbsp;- [[Sikhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Taoïsme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi bilɔkɔ ya Nzambe]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kfind.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''Kɔ́ngɔ'''<br /> [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Ebale]]&nbsp;- [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́ (Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]]&nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]&nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; | {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_browser.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Búku ya Mokili'''<br /> [[Mambí ma Lolenge]]&nbsp;- [[Écologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Jyografi|Mambí ma Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Géologie]]&nbsp;- [[Géopolitique]]&nbsp;- [[Hydrologie]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi ntango]]&nbsp;- [[Monde maritime]]&nbsp;- [[Nkeka]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Bisé_ya_Mokili|Bisé ya Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Toponymie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mambí ma bato'''<br /> [[Mambí ma moto]]&nbsp;- [[Archéologie]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma libóta]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Historia|Historia]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma nkóta]]&nbsp;- [[Philosophie]]&nbsp;- [[Psychologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences cognitives]]&nbsp;- [[Sociologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mayebani sembo & sciences naturelles'''<br /> [[Astronomie]]&nbsp;- [[Biologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Boyebi milona|Boyebi milona]]&nbsp;- [[Chimie]]&nbsp;- [[Logique]]&nbsp;- [[Mathématiques]]&nbsp;- [[Paléontologie]]&nbsp;- [[Fízíkí]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Nyama|Zoologie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Boyokoli miango ya mosala & sciences appliquées'''<br /> [[Aérospatiale]]&nbsp;- [[Agronomie]]&nbsp;- [[Cryptologie]]&nbsp;- [[Cybernétique]]&nbsp;- [[Électronique]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Esálela|Informatique]]&nbsp;- [[Ingénierie]]&nbsp;- [[Internet]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Boyebi mosala ya mónganga|Médecine]]&nbsp;- [[Pharmacie]]&nbsp;- [[Robotique]]&nbsp;- [[Télécommunications]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kweather.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Afrikana & Lingálana'''<br /> [[:Category:Bisé ya Afrika|Bisé ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Animaux de l' afrique]]&nbsp;- [[plantes de l'afrique]]&nbsp;- [[langues africaines]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Historia ya Afrika|Historia ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Lingála]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Afrika|Afrika]]&nbsp;- |} |} </center> 7311 2005-12-12T10:34:01Z Bombo 12 Special:Allpages (index) <center> {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin-top:0.8em;margin-bottom:0.8em" |width="50%" style="border:1px solid #CCF7CC;background:#EEFFEE"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#EEFFEE" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps xmag.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Special:Search|Boluki]] &amp; [[Aide:consultation|consultation]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Articles de qualité|Articles&nbsp;de&nbsp;qualité]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Index&nbsp;alphabétique]]&nbsp;- [[Liste des listes|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;listes]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Accueil|Tous&nbsp;les&nbsp;portails]]&nbsp;- [[:Catégorie:Principale|Racine&nbsp;des&nbsp;catégories]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; |style="border:1px solid #DDDDF7;background:#F7F7FF"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#F7F7FF" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps hwinfo.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Participation &amp; [[Wikipedia:Community Portal|communauté]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Accueil des nouveaux arrivants|Accueil&nbsp;pour&nbsp;les&nbsp;nouveaux&nbsp;arrivants]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|Kotámbola ya libosó]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Projet|Participez&nbsp;aux&nbsp;projets]]&nbsp;- <!-- [[Wikipédia:Merci_pour_les_photos|Illustrez&nbsp;les&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- --> [[Wikipedia: Bosungi (FAQ)|Poser&nbsp;une&nbsp;question]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Livre d'or|Livre&nbsp;d’or]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |} {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |width="50%"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcoloredit.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Portail:Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya|Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya]]'''<br /> [[Ameublement]]&nbsp;- [[Architecture]] mpe [[Meko ya kobɔngisa mboka]]&nbsp;- [[Arts du spectacle]]&nbsp;- [[Bande dessinée]]&nbsp;- [[Cinéma]]&nbsp;- [[Design]]&nbsp;- [[Histoire de l’art]]&nbsp;- [[Mikanda]]&nbsp;- [[Mizíki]]&nbsp;- [[Peinture]]&nbsp;- [[Photographie]]&nbsp;- [[Sculpture]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps colors.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Vie quotidienne & loisirs'''<br /> [[Aquariophilie]]&nbsp;- [[Bricolage]]&nbsp;- [[Cuisine]]&nbsp;- [[Culture populaire]]&nbsp;- [[Mibeto ya kopɛtɔlo nzoto]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Zardɛ|Zardɛ]]&nbsp;- [[Jeu|Jeux]]&nbsp;- [[Vigne et vin]]&nbsp;- [[Philatélie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Radio|Radio]]&nbsp;- [[Motindo]]&nbsp;- [[Masano]]&nbsp;- [[Bilili na mosika]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Turismɛ|Botamboli (Turismɛ)]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!--------------------------------------------- '''Société'''<br /> [[Défense et sécurité]]&nbsp;- [[Droit]]&nbsp;- [[Économie]]&nbsp;- [[Éducation]]&nbsp;- [[Femme]]&nbsp;- [[Politique]]&nbsp;- [[Presse]]&nbsp;- [[Religion]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Transports]] ----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps kfm home.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Lisangá'''<br /> [[Bobateli mpe epekiseli]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mibéko]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mbɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Botéyi|Botéyi]]&nbsp;- [[Mwǎsí]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Lisangá|Politiki]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Mikanda ya nsango|Mikanda ya nsango]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Maswa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_bookcase.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''[[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]] &amp; [[croyance]]s'''<br /> [[Athéisme]]&nbsp;- [[Bouddhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boklísto]]&nbsp;- [[Ésotérisme]]&nbsp;- [[Hindouisme]]&nbsp;- [[Islamu]]&nbsp;- [[Jaïnisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyúda]]&nbsp;- [[Mythologie]]&nbsp;- [[Paganisme]]&nbsp;- [[Secte]]&nbsp;- [[Sikhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Taoïsme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi bilɔkɔ ya Nzambe]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kfind.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''Kɔ́ngɔ'''<br /> [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Ebale]]&nbsp;- [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́ (Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]]&nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]&nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; | {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_browser.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Búku ya Mokili'''<br /> [[Mambí ma Lolenge]]&nbsp;- [[Écologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Jyografi|Mambí ma Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Géologie]]&nbsp;- [[Géopolitique]]&nbsp;- [[Hydrologie]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi ntango]]&nbsp;- [[Monde maritime]]&nbsp;- [[Nkeka]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Bisé_ya_Mokili|Bisé ya Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Toponymie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mambí ma bato'''<br /> [[Mambí ma moto]]&nbsp;- [[Archéologie]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma libóta]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Historia|Historia]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma nkóta]]&nbsp;- [[Philosophie]]&nbsp;- [[Psychologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences cognitives]]&nbsp;- [[Sociologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mayebani sembo & sciences naturelles'''<br /> [[Astronomie]]&nbsp;- [[Biologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Boyebi milona|Boyebi milona]]&nbsp;- [[Chimie]]&nbsp;- [[Logique]]&nbsp;- [[Mathématiques]]&nbsp;- [[Paléontologie]]&nbsp;- [[Fízíkí]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Nyama|Zoologie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Boyokoli miango ya mosala & sciences appliquées'''<br /> [[Aérospatiale]]&nbsp;- [[Agronomie]]&nbsp;- [[Cryptologie]]&nbsp;- [[Cybernétique]]&nbsp;- [[Électronique]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Esálela|Informatique]]&nbsp;- [[Ingénierie]]&nbsp;- [[Internet]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Boyebi mosala ya mónganga|Médecine]]&nbsp;- [[Pharmacie]]&nbsp;- [[Robotique]]&nbsp;- [[Télécommunications]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kweather.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Afrikana & Lingálana'''<br /> [[:Category:Bisé ya Afrika|Bisé ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Animaux de l' afrique]]&nbsp;- [[plantes de l'afrique]]&nbsp;- [[langues africaines]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Historia ya Afrika|Historia ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Lingála]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Afrika|Afrika]]&nbsp;- |} |} </center> 7371 2005-12-15T11:47:30Z 160.85.2.50 <center> {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin-top:0.8em;margin-bottom:0.8em" |width="50%" style="border:1px solid #CCF7CC;background:#EEFFEE"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#EEFFEE" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps xmag.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Special:Search|Boluki]] &amp; [[Aide:consultation|consultation]]'''<br /> [[Wikipedia:Bikakoli bolámu|Bikakoli bolámu]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Index&nbsp;alphabétique]]&nbsp;- [[Liste des listes|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;listes]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Accueil|Tous&nbsp;les&nbsp;portails]]&nbsp;- [[:Catégorie:Principale|Racine&nbsp;des&nbsp;catégories]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; |style="border:1px solid #DDDDF7;background:#F7F7FF"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#F7F7FF" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps hwinfo.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Participation &amp; [[Wikipedia:Community Portal|communauté]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Accueil des nouveaux arrivants|Accueil&nbsp;pour&nbsp;les&nbsp;nouveaux&nbsp;arrivants]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|Kotámbola ya libosó]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Projet|Participez&nbsp;aux&nbsp;projets]]&nbsp;- <!-- [[Wikipédia:Merci_pour_les_photos|Illustrez&nbsp;les&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- --> [[Wikipedia: Bosungi (FAQ)|Poser&nbsp;une&nbsp;question]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Livre d'or|Livre&nbsp;d’or]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |} {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |width="50%"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcoloredit.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Portail:Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya|Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya]]'''<br /> [[Ameublement]]&nbsp;- [[Architecture]] mpe [[Meko ya kobɔngisa mboka]]&nbsp;- [[Arts du spectacle]]&nbsp;- [[Bande dessinée]]&nbsp;- [[Cinéma]]&nbsp;- [[Design]]&nbsp;- [[Histoire de l’art]]&nbsp;- [[Mikanda]]&nbsp;- [[Mizíki]]&nbsp;- [[Peinture]]&nbsp;- [[Photographie]]&nbsp;- [[Sculpture]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps colors.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Vie quotidienne & loisirs'''<br /> [[Aquariophilie]]&nbsp;- [[Bricolage]]&nbsp;- [[Cuisine]]&nbsp;- [[Culture populaire]]&nbsp;- [[Mibeto ya kopɛtɔlo nzoto]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Zardɛ|Zardɛ]]&nbsp;- [[Jeu|Jeux]]&nbsp;- [[Vigne et vin]]&nbsp;- [[Philatélie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Radio|Radio]]&nbsp;- [[Motindo]]&nbsp;- [[Masano]]&nbsp;- [[Bilili na mosika]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Turismɛ|Botamboli (Turismɛ)]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!--------------------------------------------- '''Société'''<br /> [[Défense et sécurité]]&nbsp;- [[Droit]]&nbsp;- [[Économie]]&nbsp;- [[Éducation]]&nbsp;- [[Femme]]&nbsp;- [[Politique]]&nbsp;- [[Presse]]&nbsp;- [[Religion]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Transports]] ----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps kfm home.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Lisangá'''<br /> [[Bobateli mpe epekiseli]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mibéko]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mbɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Botéyi|Botéyi]]&nbsp;- [[Mwǎsí]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Lisangá|Politiki]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Mikanda ya nsango|Mikanda ya nsango]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Maswa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_bookcase.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''[[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]] &amp; [[croyance]]s'''<br /> [[Athéisme]]&nbsp;- [[Bouddhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boklísto]]&nbsp;- [[Ésotérisme]]&nbsp;- [[Hindouisme]]&nbsp;- [[Islamu]]&nbsp;- [[Jaïnisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyúda]]&nbsp;- [[Mythologie]]&nbsp;- [[Paganisme]]&nbsp;- [[Secte]]&nbsp;- [[Sikhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Taoïsme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi bilɔkɔ ya Nzambe]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kfind.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''Kɔ́ngɔ'''<br /> [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Ebale]]&nbsp;- [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́ (Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]]&nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]&nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; | {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_browser.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Búku ya Mokili'''<br /> [[Mambí ma Lolenge]]&nbsp;- [[Écologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Jyografi|Mambí ma Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Géologie]]&nbsp;- [[Géopolitique]]&nbsp;- [[Hydrologie]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi ntango]]&nbsp;- [[Monde maritime]]&nbsp;- [[Nkeka]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Bisé_ya_Mokili|Bisé ya Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Toponymie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mambí ma bato'''<br /> [[Mambí ma moto]]&nbsp;- [[Archéologie]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma libóta]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Historia|Historia]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma nkóta]]&nbsp;- [[Philosophie]]&nbsp;- [[Psychologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences cognitives]]&nbsp;- [[Sociologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mayebani sembo & sciences naturelles'''<br /> [[Astronomie]]&nbsp;- [[Biologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Boyebi milona|Boyebi milona]]&nbsp;- [[Chimie]]&nbsp;- [[Logique]]&nbsp;- [[Mathématiques]]&nbsp;- [[Paléontologie]]&nbsp;- [[Fízíkí]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Nyama|Zoologie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Boyokoli miango ya mosala & sciences appliquées'''<br /> [[Aérospatiale]]&nbsp;- [[Agronomie]]&nbsp;- [[Cryptologie]]&nbsp;- [[Cybernétique]]&nbsp;- [[Électronique]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Esálela|Informatique]]&nbsp;- [[Ingénierie]]&nbsp;- [[Internet]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Boyebi mosala ya mónganga|Médecine]]&nbsp;- [[Pharmacie]]&nbsp;- [[Robotique]]&nbsp;- [[Télécommunications]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kweather.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Afrikana & Lingálana'''<br /> [[:Category:Bisé ya Afrika|Bisé ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Animaux de l' afrique]]&nbsp;- [[plantes de l'afrique]]&nbsp;- [[langues africaines]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Historia ya Afrika|Historia ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Lingála]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Afrika|Afrika]]&nbsp;- |} |} </center> 7482 2006-01-03T17:30:33Z Bombo 12 <center> {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin-top:0.8em;margin-bottom:0.8em" |width="50%" style="border:1px solid #CCF7CC;background:#EEFFEE"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#EEFFEE" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps xmag.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Special:Search|Boluki]] &amp; [[Aide:consultation|consultation]]'''<br /> [[Wikipedia:Bikakoli bolámu|Bikakoli bolámu]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Index&nbsp;alphabétique]]&nbsp;- [[Liste des listes|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;listes]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Accueil|Tous&nbsp;les&nbsp;portails]]&nbsp;- [[:Catégorie:Principale|Racine&nbsp;des&nbsp;catégories]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; |style="border:1px solid #DDDDF7;background:#F7F7FF"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#F7F7FF" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps hwinfo.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Participation &amp; [[Wikipedia:Community Portal|communauté]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Accueil des nouveaux arrivants|Accueil&nbsp;pour&nbsp;les&nbsp;nouveaux&nbsp;arrivants]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|Kotámbola ya libosó]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Projet|Participez&nbsp;aux&nbsp;projets]]&nbsp;- <!-- [[Wikipédia:Merci_pour_les_photos|Illustrez&nbsp;les&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- --> [[Wikipedia: Bosungi (FAQ)|Poser&nbsp;une&nbsp;question]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Livre d'or|Livre&nbsp;d’or]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |} {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |width="50%"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcoloredit.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Portail:Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya|Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya]]'''<br /> [[Ameublement]]&nbsp;- [[Kotonga bandako]] mpe [[Meko ya kobɔngisa mboka]]&nbsp;- [[Arts du spectacle]]&nbsp;- [[Bande dessinée]]&nbsp;- [[Cinéma]]&nbsp;- [[Design]]&nbsp;- [[Histoire de l’art]]&nbsp;- [[Mikanda]]&nbsp;- [[Mizíki]]&nbsp;- [[Peinture]]&nbsp;- [[Photographie]]&nbsp;- [[Sculpture]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps colors.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Vie quotidienne & loisirs'''<br /> [[Aquariophilie]]&nbsp;- [[Bricolage]]&nbsp;- [[Cuisine]]&nbsp;- [[Culture populaire]]&nbsp;- [[Mibeto ya kopɛtɔlo nzoto]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Zardɛ|Zardɛ]]&nbsp;- [[Jeu|Jeux]]&nbsp;- [[Vigne et vin]]&nbsp;- [[Philatélie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Radio|Radio]]&nbsp;- [[Motindo]]&nbsp;- [[Masano]]&nbsp;- [[Bilili na mosika]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Turismɛ|Botamboli (Turismɛ)]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!--------------------------------------------- '''Société'''<br /> [[Défense et sécurité]]&nbsp;- [[Droit]]&nbsp;- [[Économie]]&nbsp;- [[Éducation]]&nbsp;- [[Femme]]&nbsp;- [[Politique]]&nbsp;- [[Presse]]&nbsp;- [[Religion]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Transports]] ----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps kfm home.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Lisangá'''<br /> [[Bobateli mpe epekiseli]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mibéko]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mbɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Botéyi|Botéyi]]&nbsp;- [[Mwǎsí]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Lisangá|Politiki]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Mikanda ya nsango|Mikanda ya nsango]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Maswa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_bookcase.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''[[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]] &amp; [[croyance]]s'''<br /> [[Athéisme]]&nbsp;- [[Bouddhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boklísto]]&nbsp;- [[Ésotérisme]]&nbsp;- [[Hindouisme]]&nbsp;- [[Islamu]]&nbsp;- [[Jaïnisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyúda]]&nbsp;- [[Mythologie]]&nbsp;- [[Paganisme]]&nbsp;- [[Secte]]&nbsp;- [[Sikhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Taoïsme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi bilɔkɔ ya Nzambe]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kfind.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''Kɔ́ngɔ'''<br /> [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Ebale]]&nbsp;- [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́ (Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]]&nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]&nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; | {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_browser.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Búku ya Mokili'''<br /> [[Mambí ma Lolenge]]&nbsp;- [[Écologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Jyografi|Mambí ma Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Géologie]]&nbsp;- [[Géopolitique]]&nbsp;- [[Mai]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi ntango]]&nbsp;- [[Monde maritime]]&nbsp;- [[Nkeka]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Bisé_ya_Mokili|Bisé ya Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Toponymie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mambí ma bato'''<br /> [[Mambí ma moto]]&nbsp;- [[Archéologie]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma libóta]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Historia|Historia]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma nkóta]]&nbsp;- [[Philosophie]]&nbsp;- [[Psychologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences cognitives]]&nbsp;- [[Sociologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mayebani sembo & sciences naturelles'''<br /> [[Bitsɛngi]]&nbsp;- [[Biologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Boyebi milona|Boyebi milona]]&nbsp;- [[Chimie]]&nbsp;- [[Kokanisa]]&nbsp;- [[Bilɔkɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Paléontologie]]&nbsp;- [[Fízíkí]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Nyama|Banyama]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Boyokoli miango ya mosala & sciences appliquées'''<br /> [[Aérospatiale]]&nbsp;- [[category:Kolona bilanga|Kolona bilanga]]&nbsp;- [[Cryptologie]]&nbsp;- [[Cybernétique]]&nbsp;- [[Électronique]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Esálela|Informatique]]&nbsp;- [[Ingénierie]]&nbsp;- [[Internet]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Mónganga|Móngana]]&nbsp;- [[Pharmacie]]&nbsp;- [[Robotique]]&nbsp;- [[Télécommunications]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kweather.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Afrikana & Lingálana'''<br /> [[:Category:Bisé ya Afrika|Bisé ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Animaux de l' afrique]]&nbsp;- [[plantes de l'afrique]]&nbsp;- [[langues africaines]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Historia ya Afrika|Historia ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Lingála]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Afrika|Afrika]]&nbsp;- |} |} </center> 7487 2006-01-03T17:59:02Z Bombo 12 <center> {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin-top:0.8em;margin-bottom:0.8em" |width="50%" style="border:1px solid #CCF7CC;background:#EEFFEE"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#EEFFEE" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps xmag.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Special:Search|Boluki]] &amp; [[Aide:consultation|consultation]]'''<br /> [[Wikipedia:Bikakoli bolámu|Bikakoli bolámu]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Index&nbsp;alphabétique]]&nbsp;- [[Liste des listes|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;listes]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Accueil|Tous&nbsp;les&nbsp;portails]]&nbsp;- [[:Catégorie:Principale|Racine&nbsp;des&nbsp;catégories]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; |style="border:1px solid #DDDDF7;background:#F7F7FF"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#F7F7FF" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps hwinfo.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Participation &amp; [[Wikipedia:Community Portal|communauté]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Accueil des nouveaux arrivants|Accueil&nbsp;pour&nbsp;les&nbsp;nouveaux&nbsp;arrivants]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|Kotámbola ya libosó]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Projet|Participez&nbsp;aux&nbsp;projets]]&nbsp;- <!-- [[Wikipédia:Merci_pour_les_photos|Illustrez&nbsp;les&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- --> [[Wikipedia: Bosungi (FAQ)|Poser&nbsp;une&nbsp;question]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Livre d'or|Livre&nbsp;d’or]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |} {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |width="50%"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcoloredit.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Portail:Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya|Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya]]'''<br /> [[Ameublement]]&nbsp;- [[Kotonga bandako]] mpe [[Meko ya kobɔngisa mboka]]&nbsp;- [[Arts du spectacle]]&nbsp;- [[Bande dessinée]]&nbsp;- [[Cinéma]]&nbsp;- [[Design]]&nbsp;- [[Histoire de l’art]]&nbsp;- [[Mikanda]]&nbsp;- [[Mizíki]]&nbsp;- [[Peinture]]&nbsp;- [[Photographie]]&nbsp;- [[Sculpture]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps colors.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Vie quotidienne & loisirs'''<br /> [[Aquariophilie]]&nbsp;- [[Bricolage]]&nbsp;- [[Cuisine]]&nbsp;- [[Culture populaire]]&nbsp;- [[Mibeto ya kopɛtɔlo nzoto]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Zardɛ|Zardɛ]]&nbsp;- [[Jeu|Jeux]]&nbsp;- [[Vigne et vin]]&nbsp;- [[Philatélie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Radio|Radio]]&nbsp;- [[Motindo]]&nbsp;- [[Masano]]&nbsp;- [[Bilili na mosika]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Turismɛ|Botamboli (Turismɛ)]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!--------------------------------------------- '''Société'''<br /> [[Défense et sécurité]]&nbsp;- [[Droit]]&nbsp;- [[Économie]]&nbsp;- [[Éducation]]&nbsp;- [[Femme]]&nbsp;- [[Politique]]&nbsp;- [[Presse]]&nbsp;- [[Religion]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Transports]] ----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps kfm home.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Lisangá'''<br /> [[Bobateli mpe epekiseli]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mibéko]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mbɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Botéyi|Botéyi]]&nbsp;- [[Mwǎsí]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Lisangá|Politiki]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Mikanda ya nsango|Mikanda ya nsango]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Maswa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_bookcase.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''[[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]] &amp; [[croyance]]s'''<br /> [[Athéisme]]&nbsp;- [[Bouddhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boklísto]]&nbsp;- [[Ésotérisme]]&nbsp;- [[Hindouisme]]&nbsp;- [[Islamu]]&nbsp;- [[Jaïnisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyúda]]&nbsp;- [[Mythologie]]&nbsp;- [[Paganisme]]&nbsp;- [[Secte]]&nbsp;- [[Sikhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Taoïsme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi bilɔkɔ ya Nzambe]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kfind.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''Kɔ́ngɔ'''<br /> [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Ebale]]&nbsp;- [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́ (Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]]&nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]&nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; | {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_browser.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Búku ya Mokili'''<br /> [[Mambí ma Lolenge]]&nbsp;- [[Écologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Jyografi|Mambí ma Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Géologie]]&nbsp;- [[Géopolitique]]&nbsp;- [[Mai]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi ntango]]&nbsp;- [[Monde maritime]]&nbsp;- [[Nkeka]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Bisé_ya_Mokili|Bisé ya Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Toponymie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mambí ma bato'''<br /> [[Mambí ma moto]]&nbsp;- [[Archéologie]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma libóta]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Historia|Historia]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma nkóta]]&nbsp;- [[Philosophie]]&nbsp;- [[Psychologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences cognitives]]&nbsp;- [[Sociologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mayebani sembo & sciences naturelles'''<br /> [[Bitsɛngi]]&nbsp;- [[Biologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Boyebi milona|Boyebi milona]]&nbsp;- [[Chimie]]&nbsp;- [[Kokanisa]]&nbsp;- [[Bilɔkɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Paléontologie]]&nbsp;- [[Fízíkí]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Nyama|Banyama]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Boyokoli miango ya mosala & sciences appliquées'''<br /> [[Aérospatiale]]&nbsp;- [[category:Kolona bilanga|Kolona bilanga]]&nbsp;- [[Cryptologie]]&nbsp;- [[Cybernétique]]&nbsp;- [[Électronique]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Esálela|Informatique]]&nbsp;- [[Ingénierie]]&nbsp;- [[Internet]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Móngana|Móngana]]&nbsp;- [[Pharmacie]]&nbsp;- [[Robotique]]&nbsp;- [[Télécommunications]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kweather.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Afrikana & Lingálana'''<br /> [[:Category:Bisé ya Afrika|Bisé ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Animaux de l' afrique]]&nbsp;- [[plantes de l'afrique]]&nbsp;- [[langues africaines]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Historia ya Afrika|Historia ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Lingála]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Afrika|Afrika]]&nbsp;- |} |} </center> 7666 2006-02-07T12:14:05Z Bombo 12 miziki / fiziki <center> {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin-top:0.8em;margin-bottom:0.8em" |width="50%" style="border:1px solid #CCF7CC;background:#EEFFEE"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#EEFFEE" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps xmag.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Special:Search|Boluki]] &amp; [[Aide:consultation|consultation]]'''<br /> [[Wikipedia:Bikakoli bolámu|Bikakoli bolámu]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Index&nbsp;alphabétique]]&nbsp;- [[Liste des listes|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;listes]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Accueil|Tous&nbsp;les&nbsp;portails]]&nbsp;- [[:Catégorie:Principale|Racine&nbsp;des&nbsp;catégories]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; |style="border:1px solid #DDDDF7;background:#F7F7FF"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#F7F7FF" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps hwinfo.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Participation &amp; [[Wikipedia:Community Portal|communauté]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Accueil des nouveaux arrivants|Accueil&nbsp;pour&nbsp;les&nbsp;nouveaux&nbsp;arrivants]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|Kotámbola ya libosó]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Projet|Participez&nbsp;aux&nbsp;projets]]&nbsp;- <!-- [[Wikipédia:Merci_pour_les_photos|Illustrez&nbsp;les&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- --> [[Wikipedia: Bosungi (FAQ)|Poser&nbsp;une&nbsp;question]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Livre d'or|Livre&nbsp;d’or]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |} {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |width="50%"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcoloredit.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Portail:Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya|Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya]]'''<br /> [[Ameublement]]&nbsp;- [[Kotonga bandako]] mpe [[Meko ya kobɔngisa mboka]]&nbsp;- [[Arts du spectacle]]&nbsp;- [[Bande dessinée]]&nbsp;- [[Cinéma]]&nbsp;- [[Design]]&nbsp;- [[Histoire de l’art]]&nbsp;- [[Mikanda]]&nbsp;- [[category:Mizíki|Mizíki]]&nbsp;- [[Peinture]]&nbsp;- [[Photographie]]&nbsp;- [[Sculpture]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps colors.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Vie quotidienne & loisirs'''<br /> [[Aquariophilie]]&nbsp;- [[Bricolage]]&nbsp;- [[Cuisine]]&nbsp;- [[Culture populaire]]&nbsp;- [[Mibeto ya kopɛtɔlo nzoto]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Zardɛ|Zardɛ]]&nbsp;- [[Jeu|Jeux]]&nbsp;- [[Vigne et vin]]&nbsp;- [[Philatélie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Radio|Radio]]&nbsp;- [[Motindo]]&nbsp;- [[Masano]]&nbsp;- [[Bilili na mosika]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Turismɛ|Botamboli (Turismɛ)]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!--------------------------------------------- '''Société'''<br /> [[Défense et sécurité]]&nbsp;- [[Droit]]&nbsp;- [[Économie]]&nbsp;- [[Éducation]]&nbsp;- [[Femme]]&nbsp;- [[Politique]]&nbsp;- [[Presse]]&nbsp;- [[Religion]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Transports]] ----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps kfm home.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Lisangá'''<br /> [[Bobateli mpe epekiseli]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mibéko]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mbɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Botéyi|Botéyi]]&nbsp;- [[Mwǎsí]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Lisangá|Politiki]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Mikanda ya nsango|Mikanda ya nsango]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Maswa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_bookcase.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''[[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]] &amp; [[croyance]]s'''<br /> [[Athéisme]]&nbsp;- [[Bouddhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boklísto]]&nbsp;- [[Ésotérisme]]&nbsp;- [[Hindouisme]]&nbsp;- [[Islamu]]&nbsp;- [[Jaïnisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyúda]]&nbsp;- [[Mythologie]]&nbsp;- [[Paganisme]]&nbsp;- [[Secte]]&nbsp;- [[Sikhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Taoïsme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi bilɔkɔ ya Nzambe]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kfind.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''Kɔ́ngɔ'''<br /> [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Ebale]]&nbsp;- [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́ (Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]]&nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]&nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; | {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_browser.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Búku ya Mokili'''<br /> [[Mambí ma Lolenge]]&nbsp;- [[Écologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Jyografi|Mambí ma Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Géologie]]&nbsp;- [[Géopolitique]]&nbsp;- [[Mai]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi ntango]]&nbsp;- [[Monde maritime]]&nbsp;- [[Nkeka]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Bisé_ya_Mokili|Bisé ya Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Toponymie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mambí ma bato'''<br /> [[Mambí ma moto]]&nbsp;- [[Archéologie]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma libóta]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Historia|Historia]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma nkóta]]&nbsp;- [[Philosophie]]&nbsp;- [[Psychologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences cognitives]]&nbsp;- [[Sociologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mayebani sembo & sciences naturelles'''<br /> [[Bitsɛngi]]&nbsp;- [[Biologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Boyebi milona|Boyebi milona]]&nbsp;- [[Chimie]]&nbsp;- [[Kokanisa]]&nbsp;- [[Bilɔkɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Paléontologie]]&nbsp;- [[category:Fízíkí|Fízíkí]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Nyama|Banyama]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Boyokoli miango ya mosala & sciences appliquées'''<br /> [[Aérospatiale]]&nbsp;- [[category:Kolona bilanga|Kolona bilanga]]&nbsp;- [[Cryptologie]]&nbsp;- [[Cybernétique]]&nbsp;- [[Électronique]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Esálela|Informatique]]&nbsp;- [[Ingénierie]]&nbsp;- [[Internet]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Móngana|Móngana]]&nbsp;- [[Pharmacie]]&nbsp;- [[Robotique]]&nbsp;- [[Télécommunications]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kweather.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Afrikana & Lingálana'''<br /> [[:Category:Bisé ya Afrika|Bisé ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Animaux de l' afrique]]&nbsp;- [[plantes de l'afrique]]&nbsp;- [[langues africaines]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Historia ya Afrika|Historia ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Lingála]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Afrika|Afrika]]&nbsp;- |} |} </center> 7667 2006-02-07T12:17:24Z Bombo 12 miziki / fiziki <center> {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin-top:0.8em;margin-bottom:0.8em" |width="50%" style="border:1px solid #CCF7CC;background:#EEFFEE"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#EEFFEE" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps xmag.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Special:Search|Boluki]] &amp; [[Aide:consultation|consultation]]'''<br /> [[Wikipedia:Bikakoli bolámu|Bikakoli bolámu]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Index&nbsp;alphabétique]]&nbsp;- [[Liste des listes|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;listes]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Accueil|Tous&nbsp;les&nbsp;portails]]&nbsp;- [[:Catégorie:Principale|Racine&nbsp;des&nbsp;catégories]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; |style="border:1px solid #DDDDF7;background:#F7F7FF"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#F7F7FF" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps hwinfo.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Participation &amp; [[Wikipedia:Community Portal|communauté]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Accueil des nouveaux arrivants|Accueil&nbsp;pour&nbsp;les&nbsp;nouveaux&nbsp;arrivants]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|Kotámbola ya libosó]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Projet|Participez&nbsp;aux&nbsp;projets]]&nbsp;- <!-- [[Wikipédia:Merci_pour_les_photos|Illustrez&nbsp;les&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- --> [[Wikipedia: Bosungi (FAQ)|Poser&nbsp;une&nbsp;question]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Livre d'or|Livre&nbsp;d’or]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |} {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |width="50%"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcoloredit.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Portail:Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya|Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya]]'''<br /> [[Ameublement]]&nbsp;- [[Kotonga bandako]] mpe [[Meko ya kobɔngisa mboka]]&nbsp;- [[Arts du spectacle]]&nbsp;- [[Bande dessinée]]&nbsp;- [[Cinéma]]&nbsp;- [[Design]]&nbsp;- [[Histoire de l’art]]&nbsp;- [[Mikanda]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Mizíki|Mizíki]]&nbsp;- [[Peinture]]&nbsp;- [[Photographie]]&nbsp;- [[Sculpture]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps colors.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Vie quotidienne & loisirs'''<br /> [[Aquariophilie]]&nbsp;- [[Bricolage]]&nbsp;- [[Cuisine]]&nbsp;- [[Culture populaire]]&nbsp;- [[Mibeto ya kopɛtɔlo nzoto]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Zardɛ|Zardɛ]]&nbsp;- [[Jeu|Jeux]]&nbsp;- [[Vigne et vin]]&nbsp;- [[Philatélie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Radio|Radio]]&nbsp;- [[Motindo]]&nbsp;- [[Masano]]&nbsp;- [[Bilili na mosika]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Turismɛ|Botamboli (Turismɛ)]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!--------------------------------------------- '''Société'''<br /> [[Défense et sécurité]]&nbsp;- [[Droit]]&nbsp;- [[Économie]]&nbsp;- [[Éducation]]&nbsp;- [[Femme]]&nbsp;- [[Politique]]&nbsp;- [[Presse]]&nbsp;- [[Religion]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Transports]] ----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps kfm home.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Lisangá'''<br /> [[Bobateli mpe epekiseli]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mibéko]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mbɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Botéyi|Botéyi]]&nbsp;- [[Mwǎsí]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Lisangá|Politiki]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Mikanda ya nsango|Mikanda ya nsango]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Maswa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_bookcase.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''[[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]] &amp; [[croyance]]s'''<br /> [[Athéisme]]&nbsp;- [[Bouddhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boklísto]]&nbsp;- [[Ésotérisme]]&nbsp;- [[Hindouisme]]&nbsp;- [[Islamu]]&nbsp;- [[Jaïnisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyúda]]&nbsp;- [[Mythologie]]&nbsp;- [[Paganisme]]&nbsp;- [[Secte]]&nbsp;- [[Sikhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Taoïsme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi bilɔkɔ ya Nzambe]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kfind.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''Kɔ́ngɔ'''<br /> [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Ebale]]&nbsp;- [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́ (Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]]&nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]&nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; | {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_browser.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Búku ya Mokili'''<br /> [[Mambí ma Lolenge]]&nbsp;- [[Écologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Jyografi|Mambí ma Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Géologie]]&nbsp;- [[Géopolitique]]&nbsp;- [[Mai]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi ntango]]&nbsp;- [[Monde maritime]]&nbsp;- [[Nkeka]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Bisé_ya_Mokili|Bisé ya Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Toponymie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mambí ma bato'''<br /> [[Mambí ma moto]]&nbsp;- [[Archéologie]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma libóta]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Historia|Historia]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma nkóta]]&nbsp;- [[Philosophie]]&nbsp;- [[Psychologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences cognitives]]&nbsp;- [[Sociologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mayebani sembo & sciences naturelles'''<br /> [[Bitsɛngi]]&nbsp;- [[Biologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Boyebi milona|Boyebi milona]]&nbsp;- [[Chimie]]&nbsp;- [[Kokanisa]]&nbsp;- [[Bilɔkɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Paléontologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Fízíkí|Fízíkí]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Nyama|Banyama]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Boyokoli miango ya mosala & sciences appliquées'''<br /> [[Aérospatiale]]&nbsp;- [[category:Kolona bilanga|Kolona bilanga]]&nbsp;- [[Cryptologie]]&nbsp;- [[Cybernétique]]&nbsp;- [[Électronique]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Esálela|Informatique]]&nbsp;- [[Ingénierie]]&nbsp;- [[Internet]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Móngana|Móngana]]&nbsp;- [[Pharmacie]]&nbsp;- [[Robotique]]&nbsp;- [[Télécommunications]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kweather.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Afrikana & Lingálana'''<br /> [[:Category:Bisé ya Afrika|Bisé ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Animaux de l' afrique]]&nbsp;- [[plantes de l'afrique]]&nbsp;- [[langues africaines]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Historia ya Afrika|Historia ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Lingála]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Afrika|Afrika]]&nbsp;- |} |} </center> 7671 2006-02-07T13:19:07Z Bombo 12 Informatique > Bongana masíni <center> {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin-top:0.8em;margin-bottom:0.8em" |width="50%" style="border:1px solid #CCF7CC;background:#EEFFEE"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#EEFFEE" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps xmag.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Special:Search|Boluki]] &amp; [[Aide:consultation|consultation]]'''<br /> [[Wikipedia:Bikakoli bolámu|Bikakoli bolámu]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Index&nbsp;alphabétique]]&nbsp;- [[Liste des listes|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;listes]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Accueil|Tous&nbsp;les&nbsp;portails]]&nbsp;- [[:Catégorie:Principale|Racine&nbsp;des&nbsp;catégories]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; |style="border:1px solid #DDDDF7;background:#F7F7FF"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#F7F7FF" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps hwinfo.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Participation &amp; [[Wikipedia:Community Portal|communauté]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Accueil des nouveaux arrivants|Accueil&nbsp;pour&nbsp;les&nbsp;nouveaux&nbsp;arrivants]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|Kotámbola ya libosó]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Projet|Participez&nbsp;aux&nbsp;projets]]&nbsp;- <!-- [[Wikipédia:Merci_pour_les_photos|Illustrez&nbsp;les&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- --> [[Wikipedia: Bosungi (FAQ)|Poser&nbsp;une&nbsp;question]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Livre d'or|Livre&nbsp;d’or]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |} {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |width="50%"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcoloredit.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Portail:Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya|Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya]]'''<br /> [[Ameublement]]&nbsp;- [[Kotonga bandako]] mpe [[Meko ya kobɔngisa mboka]]&nbsp;- [[Arts du spectacle]]&nbsp;- [[Bande dessinée]]&nbsp;- [[Cinéma]]&nbsp;- [[Design]]&nbsp;- [[Histoire de l’art]]&nbsp;- [[Mikanda]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Mizíki|Mizíki]]&nbsp;- [[Peinture]]&nbsp;- [[Photographie]]&nbsp;- [[Sculpture]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps colors.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Vie quotidienne & loisirs'''<br /> [[Aquariophilie]]&nbsp;- [[Bricolage]]&nbsp;- [[Cuisine]]&nbsp;- [[Culture populaire]]&nbsp;- [[Mibeto ya kopɛtɔlo nzoto]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Zardɛ|Zardɛ]]&nbsp;- [[Jeu|Jeux]]&nbsp;- [[Vigne et vin]]&nbsp;- [[Philatélie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Radio|Radio]]&nbsp;- [[Motindo]]&nbsp;- [[Masano]]&nbsp;- [[Bilili na mosika]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Turismɛ|Botamboli (Turismɛ)]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!--------------------------------------------- '''Société'''<br /> [[Défense et sécurité]]&nbsp;- [[Droit]]&nbsp;- [[Économie]]&nbsp;- [[Éducation]]&nbsp;- [[Femme]]&nbsp;- [[Politique]]&nbsp;- [[Presse]]&nbsp;- [[Religion]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Transports]] ----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps kfm home.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Lisangá'''<br /> [[Bobateli mpe epekiseli]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mibéko]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mbɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Botéyi|Botéyi]]&nbsp;- [[Mwǎsí]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Lisangá|Politiki]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Mikanda ya nsango|Mikanda ya nsango]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Maswa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_bookcase.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''[[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]] &amp; [[croyance]]s'''<br /> [[Athéisme]]&nbsp;- [[Bouddhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boklísto]]&nbsp;- [[Ésotérisme]]&nbsp;- [[Hindouisme]]&nbsp;- [[Islamu]]&nbsp;- [[Jaïnisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyúda]]&nbsp;- [[Mythologie]]&nbsp;- [[Paganisme]]&nbsp;- [[Secte]]&nbsp;- [[Sikhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Taoïsme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi bilɔkɔ ya Nzambe]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kfind.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''Kɔ́ngɔ'''<br /> [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Ebale]]&nbsp;- [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́ (Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]]&nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]&nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; | {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_browser.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Búku ya Mokili'''<br /> [[Mambí ma Lolenge]]&nbsp;- [[Écologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Jyografi|Mambí ma Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Géologie]]&nbsp;- [[Géopolitique]]&nbsp;- [[Mai]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi ntango]]&nbsp;- [[Monde maritime]]&nbsp;- [[Nkeka]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Bisé_ya_Mokili|Bisé ya Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Toponymie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mambí ma bato'''<br /> [[Mambí ma moto]]&nbsp;- [[Archéologie]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma libóta]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Historia|Historia]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma nkóta]]&nbsp;- [[Philosophie]]&nbsp;- [[Psychologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences cognitives]]&nbsp;- [[Sociologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mayebani sembo & sciences naturelles'''<br /> [[Bitsɛngi]]&nbsp;- [[Biologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Boyebi milona|Boyebi milona]]&nbsp;- [[Chimie]]&nbsp;- [[Kokanisa]]&nbsp;- [[Bilɔkɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Paléontologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Fízíkí|Fízíkí]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Nyama|Banyama]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Boyokoli miango ya mosala & sciences appliquées'''<br /> [[Aérospatiale]]&nbsp;- [[:category:Kolona bilanga|Kolona bilanga]]&nbsp;- [[Cryptologie]]&nbsp;- [[Cybernétique]]&nbsp;- [[Électronique]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Bongana masíni|Bongana masíni]]&nbsp;- [[Ingénierie]]&nbsp;- [[Internet]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Móngana|Móngana]]&nbsp;- [[Pharmacie]]&nbsp;- [[Robotique]]&nbsp;- [[Télécommunications]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kweather.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Afrikana & Lingálana'''<br /> [[:Category:Bisé ya Afrika|Bisé ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Animaux de l' afrique]]&nbsp;- [[plantes de l'afrique]]&nbsp;- [[langues africaines]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Historia ya Afrika|Historia ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Lingála]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Afrika|Afrika]]&nbsp;- |} |} </center> 7702 2006-02-07T14:00:38Z Bombo 12 Politiki > Politiki; Lisanga > Lisanga (x Politiki > Lisanga) <center> {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin-top:0.8em;margin-bottom:0.8em" |width="50%" style="border:1px solid #CCF7CC;background:#EEFFEE"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#EEFFEE" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps xmag.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Special:Search|Boluki]] &amp; [[Aide:consultation|consultation]]'''<br /> [[Wikipedia:Bikakoli bolámu|Bikakoli bolámu]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Index&nbsp;alphabétique]]&nbsp;- [[Liste des listes|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;listes]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Accueil|Tous&nbsp;les&nbsp;portails]]&nbsp;- [[:Catégorie:Principale|Racine&nbsp;des&nbsp;catégories]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; |style="border:1px solid #DDDDF7;background:#F7F7FF"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#F7F7FF" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps hwinfo.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Participation &amp; [[Wikipedia:Community Portal|communauté]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Accueil des nouveaux arrivants|Accueil&nbsp;pour&nbsp;les&nbsp;nouveaux&nbsp;arrivants]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|Kotámbola ya libosó]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Projet|Participez&nbsp;aux&nbsp;projets]]&nbsp;- <!-- [[Wikipédia:Merci_pour_les_photos|Illustrez&nbsp;les&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- --> [[Wikipedia: Bosungi (FAQ)|Poser&nbsp;une&nbsp;question]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Livre d'or|Livre&nbsp;d’or]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |} {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |width="50%"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcoloredit.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Portail:Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya|Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya]]'''<br /> [[Ameublement]]&nbsp;- [[Kotonga bandako]] mpe [[Meko ya kobɔngisa mboka]]&nbsp;- [[Arts du spectacle]]&nbsp;- [[Bande dessinée]]&nbsp;- [[Cinéma]]&nbsp;- [[Design]]&nbsp;- [[Histoire de l’art]]&nbsp;- [[Mikanda]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Mizíki|Mizíki]]&nbsp;- [[Peinture]]&nbsp;- [[Photographie]]&nbsp;- [[Sculpture]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps colors.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Vie quotidienne & loisirs'''<br /> [[Aquariophilie]]&nbsp;- [[Bricolage]]&nbsp;- [[Cuisine]]&nbsp;- [[Culture populaire]]&nbsp;- [[Mibeto ya kopɛtɔlo nzoto]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Zardɛ|Zardɛ]]&nbsp;- [[Jeu|Jeux]]&nbsp;- [[Vigne et vin]]&nbsp;- [[Philatélie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Radio|Radio]]&nbsp;- [[Motindo]]&nbsp;- [[Masano]]&nbsp;- [[Bilili na mosika]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Turismɛ|Botamboli (Turismɛ)]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!--------------------------------------------- '''Société'''<br /> [[Défense et sécurité]]&nbsp;- [[Droit]]&nbsp;- [[Économie]]&nbsp;- [[Éducation]]&nbsp;- [[Femme]]&nbsp;- [[Politique]]&nbsp;- [[Presse]]&nbsp;- [[Religion]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Transports]] ----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps kfm home.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''[[:Category:Lisangá|Lisangá]]'''<br /> [[Bobateli mpe epekiseli]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mibéko]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mbɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Botéyi|Botéyi]]&nbsp;- [[Mwǎsí]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Politiki|Politiki]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Mikanda ya nsango|Mikanda ya nsango]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Maswa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_bookcase.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''[[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]] &amp; [[croyance]]s'''<br /> [[Athéisme]]&nbsp;- [[Bouddhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boklísto]]&nbsp;- [[Ésotérisme]]&nbsp;- [[Hindouisme]]&nbsp;- [[Islamu]]&nbsp;- [[Jaïnisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyúda]]&nbsp;- [[Mythologie]]&nbsp;- [[Paganisme]]&nbsp;- [[Secte]]&nbsp;- [[Sikhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Taoïsme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi bilɔkɔ ya Nzambe]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kfind.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''Kɔ́ngɔ'''<br /> [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Ebale]]&nbsp;- [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́ (Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]]&nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]&nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; | {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_browser.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Búku ya Mokili'''<br /> [[Mambí ma Lolenge]]&nbsp;- [[Écologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Jyografi|Mambí ma Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Géologie]]&nbsp;- [[Géopolitique]]&nbsp;- [[Mai]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi ntango]]&nbsp;- [[Monde maritime]]&nbsp;- [[Nkeka]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Bisé_ya_Mokili|Bisé ya Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Toponymie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mambí ma bato'''<br /> [[Mambí ma moto]]&nbsp;- [[Archéologie]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma libóta]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Historia|Historia]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma nkóta]]&nbsp;- [[Philosophie]]&nbsp;- [[Psychologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences cognitives]]&nbsp;- [[Sociologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mayebani sembo & sciences naturelles'''<br /> [[Bitsɛngi]]&nbsp;- [[Biologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Boyebi milona|Boyebi milona]]&nbsp;- [[Chimie]]&nbsp;- [[Kokanisa]]&nbsp;- [[Bilɔkɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Paléontologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Fízíkí|Fízíkí]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Nyama|Banyama]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Boyokoli miango ya mosala & sciences appliquées'''<br /> [[Aérospatiale]]&nbsp;- [[:category:Kolona bilanga|Kolona bilanga]]&nbsp;- [[Cryptologie]]&nbsp;- [[Cybernétique]]&nbsp;- [[Électronique]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Bongana masíni|Bongana masíni]]&nbsp;- [[Ingénierie]]&nbsp;- [[Internet]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Móngana|Móngana]]&nbsp;- [[Pharmacie]]&nbsp;- [[Robotique]]&nbsp;- [[Télécommunications]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kweather.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Afrikana & Lingálana'''<br /> [[:Category:Bisé ya Afrika|Bisé ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Animaux de l' afrique]]&nbsp;- [[plantes de l'afrique]]&nbsp;- [[langues africaines]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Historia ya Afrika|Historia ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Lingála]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Afrika|Afrika]]&nbsp;- |} |} </center> 8055 2006-04-25T09:08:13Z Bombo 12 Libóta <center> {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin-top:0.8em;margin-bottom:0.8em" |width="50%" style="border:1px solid #CCF7CC;background:#EEFFEE"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#EEFFEE" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps xmag.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Special:Search|Boluki]] &amp; [[Aide:consultation|consultation]]'''<br /> [[Wikipedia:Bikakoli bolámu|Bikakoli bolámu]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Index&nbsp;alphabétique]]&nbsp;- [[Liste des listes|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;listes]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Accueil|Tous&nbsp;les&nbsp;portails]]&nbsp;- [[:Catégorie:Principale|Racine&nbsp;des&nbsp;catégories]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; |style="border:1px solid #DDDDF7;background:#F7F7FF"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#F7F7FF" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps hwinfo.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Participation &amp; [[Wikipedia:Community Portal|communauté]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Accueil des nouveaux arrivants|Accueil&nbsp;pour&nbsp;les&nbsp;nouveaux&nbsp;arrivants]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|Kotámbola ya libosó]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Projet|Participez&nbsp;aux&nbsp;projets]]&nbsp;- <!-- [[Wikipédia:Merci_pour_les_photos|Illustrez&nbsp;les&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- --> [[Wikipedia: Bosungi (FAQ)|Poser&nbsp;une&nbsp;question]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Livre d'or|Livre&nbsp;d’or]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |} {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |width="50%"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcoloredit.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Portail:Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya|Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya]]'''<br /> [[Ameublement]]&nbsp;- [[Kotonga bandako]] mpe [[Meko ya kobɔngisa mboka]]&nbsp;- [[Arts du spectacle]]&nbsp;- [[Bande dessinée]]&nbsp;- [[Cinéma]]&nbsp;- [[Design]]&nbsp;- [[Histoire de l’art]]&nbsp;- [[Mikanda]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Mizíki|Mizíki]]&nbsp;- [[Peinture]]&nbsp;- [[Photographie]]&nbsp;- [[Sculpture]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps colors.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Vie quotidienne & loisirs'''<br /> [[Aquariophilie]]&nbsp;- [[Bricolage]]&nbsp;- [[Cuisine]]&nbsp;- [[Culture populaire]]&nbsp;- [[Mibeto ya kopɛtɔlo nzoto]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Zardɛ|Zardɛ]]&nbsp;- [[Jeu|Jeux]]&nbsp;- [[Vigne et vin]]&nbsp;- [[Philatélie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Radio|Radio]]&nbsp;- [[Motindo]]&nbsp;- [[Masano]]&nbsp;- [[Bilili na mosika]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Turismɛ|Botamboli (Turismɛ)]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!--------------------------------------------- '''Société'''<br /> [[Défense et sécurité]]&nbsp;- [[Droit]]&nbsp;- [[Économie]]&nbsp;- [[Éducation]]&nbsp;- [[Femme]]&nbsp;- [[Politique]]&nbsp;- [[Presse]]&nbsp;- [[Religion]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Transports]] ----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps kfm home.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''[[:Category:Lisangá|Lisangá]]'''<br /> [[Bobateli mpe epekiseli]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mibéko]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mbɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Botéyi|Botéyi]]&nbsp;- [[Mwǎsí]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Politiki|Politiki]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Mikanda ya nsango|Mikanda ya nsango]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Maswa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_bookcase.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''[[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]] &amp; [[croyance]]s'''<br /> [[Athéisme]]&nbsp;- [[Bouddhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boklísto]]&nbsp;- [[Ésotérisme]]&nbsp;- [[Hindouisme]]&nbsp;- [[Islamu]]&nbsp;- [[Jaïnisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyúda]]&nbsp;- [[Mythologie]]&nbsp;- [[Paganisme]]&nbsp;- [[Secte]]&nbsp;- [[Sikhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Taoïsme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi bilɔkɔ ya Nzambe]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kfind.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''Kɔ́ngɔ'''<br /> [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Ebale]]&nbsp;- [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́ (Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]]&nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]&nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; | {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_browser.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Búku ya Mokili'''<br /> [[Mambí ma Lolenge]]&nbsp;- [[Écologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Jyografi|Mambí ma Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Géologie]]&nbsp;- [[Géopolitique]]&nbsp;- [[Mai]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi ntango]]&nbsp;- [[Monde maritime]]&nbsp;- [[Nkeka]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Bisé_ya_Mokili|Bisé ya Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Toponymie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mambí ma bato'''<br /> [[Mambí ma moto]]&nbsp;- [[Archéologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Libóta|Mambí ma libóta]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Historia|Historia]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma nkóta]]&nbsp;- [[Philosophie]]&nbsp;- [[Psychologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences cognitives]]&nbsp;- [[Sociologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mayebani sembo & sciences naturelles'''<br /> [[Bitsɛngi]]&nbsp;- [[Biologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Boyebi milona|Boyebi milona]]&nbsp;- [[Chimie]]&nbsp;- [[Kokanisa]]&nbsp;- [[Bilɔkɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Paléontologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Fízíkí|Fízíkí]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Nyama|Banyama]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Boyokoli miango ya mosala & sciences appliquées'''<br /> [[Aérospatiale]]&nbsp;- [[:category:Kolona bilanga|Kolona bilanga]]&nbsp;- [[Cryptologie]]&nbsp;- [[Cybernétique]]&nbsp;- [[Électronique]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Bongana masíni|Bongana masíni]]&nbsp;- [[Ingénierie]]&nbsp;- [[Internet]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Móngana|Móngana]]&nbsp;- [[Pharmacie]]&nbsp;- [[Robotique]]&nbsp;- [[Télécommunications]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kweather.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Afrikana & Lingálana'''<br /> [[:Category:Bisé ya Afrika|Bisé ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Animaux de l' afrique]]&nbsp;- [[plantes de l'afrique]]&nbsp;- [[langues africaines]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Historia ya Afrika|Historia ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Lingála]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Afrika|Afrika]]&nbsp;- |} |} </center> 8120 2006-05-14T20:13:27Z Moyogo 11 <center> {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin-top:0.8em;margin-bottom:0.8em" |width="50%" style="border:1px solid #CCF7CC;background:#EEFFEE"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#EEFFEE" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps xmag.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Special:Search|Boluki]] &amp; [[Aide:consultation|consultation]]'''<br /> [[Wikipedia:Bikakoli bolámu|Bikakoli bolámu]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Index&nbsp;alphabétique]]&nbsp;- [[Liste des listes|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;listes]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Accueil|Tous&nbsp;les&nbsp;portails]]&nbsp;- [[:Catégorie:Principale|Racine&nbsp;des&nbsp;catégories]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; |style="border:1px solid #DDDDF7;background:#F7F7FF"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#F7F7FF" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps hwinfo.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Participation &amp; [[Wikipedia:Community Portal|communauté]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Accueil des nouveaux arrivants|Accueil&nbsp;pour&nbsp;les&nbsp;nouveaux&nbsp;arrivants]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|Kotámbola ya libosó]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Projet|Participez&nbsp;aux&nbsp;projets]]&nbsp;- <!-- [[Wikipédia:Merci_pour_les_photos|Illustrez&nbsp;les&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- --> [[Wikipedia: Bosungi (FAQ)|Poser&nbsp;une&nbsp;question]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Livre d'or|Livre&nbsp;d’or]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |} {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |width="50%"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcoloredit.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Portail:Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya|Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya]]'''<br /> [[Ameublement]]&nbsp;- [[Kotonga bandako]] mpe [[Meko ya kobɔngisa mboka]]&nbsp;- [[Arts du spectacle]]&nbsp;- [[Bande dessinée]]&nbsp;- [[Cinéma]]&nbsp;- [[Design]]&nbsp;- [[Histoire de l’art]]&nbsp;- [[Mikanda]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Mizíki|Mizíki]]&nbsp;- [[Peinture]]&nbsp;- [[Photographie]]&nbsp;- [[Sculpture]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps colors.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Vie quotidienne & loisirs'''<br /> [[Aquariophilie]]&nbsp;- [[Bricolage]]&nbsp;- [[Cuisine]]&nbsp;- [[Culture populaire]]&nbsp;- [[Mibeto ya kopɛtɔlo nzoto]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Zardɛ|Zardɛ]]&nbsp;- [[Jeu|Jeux]]&nbsp;- [[Vigne et vin]]&nbsp;- [[Philatélie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Radio|Radio]]&nbsp;- [[Motindo]]&nbsp;- [[Masano]]&nbsp;- [[Bilili na mosika]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Turismɛ|Botamboli (Turismɛ)]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!--------------------------------------------- '''Société'''<br /> [[Défense et sécurité]]&nbsp;- [[Droit]]&nbsp;- [[Économie]]&nbsp;- [[Éducation]]&nbsp;- [[Femme]]&nbsp;- [[Politique]]&nbsp;- [[Presse]]&nbsp;- [[Religion]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Transports]] ----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps kfm home.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''[[:Category:Lisangá|Lisangá]]'''<br /> [[Bobateli mpe epekiseli]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mibéko]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mbɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Botéyi|Botéyi]]&nbsp;- [[Mwǎsí]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Politiki|Politiki]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Mikanda ya nsango|Mikanda ya nsango]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Maswa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_bookcase.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''[[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]] &amp; [[croyance]]s'''<br /> [[Athéisme]]&nbsp;- [[Bouddhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boklísto]]&nbsp;- [[Ésotérisme]]&nbsp;- [[Hindouisme]]&nbsp;- [[Islamu]]&nbsp;- [[Jaïnisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyúda]]&nbsp;- [[Mythologie]]&nbsp;- [[Paganisme]]&nbsp;- [[Secte]]&nbsp;- [[Sikhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Taoïsme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi bilɔkɔ ya Nzambe]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kfind.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''Kɔ́ngɔ'''<br /> [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Ebale]]&nbsp;- [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́ (Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]]&nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]&nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; | {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_browser.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Búku ya Mokili'''<br /> [[Mambí ma Lolenge]]&nbsp;- [[Écologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Jyografi|Mambí ma Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Géologie]]&nbsp;- [[Géopolitique]]&nbsp;- [[Mai]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi ntango]]&nbsp;- [[Monde maritime]]&nbsp;- [[Nkeka]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Bisé_ya_Mokili|Bisé ya Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Toponymie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mambí ma bato'''<br /> [[Mambí ma moto]]&nbsp;- [[Archéologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Libóta|Mambí ma libóta]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Historia|Historia]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma nkóta]]&nbsp;- [[Philosophie]]&nbsp;- [[Psychologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences cognitives]]&nbsp;- [[Sociologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mayebani sembo & sciences naturelles'''<br /> [[Bitsɛngi]]&nbsp;- [[Biologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Boyebi milona|Boyebi milona]]&nbsp;- [[Kémi]]&nbsp;- [[Kokanisa]]&nbsp;- [[Bilɔkɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Paléontologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Fízíkí|Fízíkí]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Nyama|Banyama]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Boyokoli miango ya mosala & sciences appliquées'''<br /> [[Aérospatiale]]&nbsp;- [[:category:Kolona bilanga|Kolona bilanga]]&nbsp;- [[Cryptologie]]&nbsp;- [[Cybernétique]]&nbsp;- [[Électronique]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Bongana masíni|Bongana masíni]]&nbsp;- [[Ingénierie]]&nbsp;- [[Internet]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Móngana|Móngana]]&nbsp;- [[Pharmacie]]&nbsp;- [[Robotique]]&nbsp;- [[Télécommunications]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kweather.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Afrikana & Lingálana'''<br /> [[:Category:Bisé ya Afrika|Bisé ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Animaux de l' afrique]]&nbsp;- [[plantes de l'afrique]]&nbsp;- [[langues africaines]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Historia ya Afrika|Historia ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Lingála]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Afrika|Afrika]]&nbsp;- |} |} </center> 8121 2006-05-14T20:16:10Z Moyogo 11 <center> {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin-top:0.8em;margin-bottom:0.8em" |width="50%" style="border:1px solid #CCF7CC;background:#EEFFEE"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#EEFFEE" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps xmag.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Special:Search|Boluki]] &amp; [[Aide:consultation|consultation]]'''<br /> [[Wikipedia:Bikakoli bolámu|Bikakoli bolámu]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Index&nbsp;alphabétique]]&nbsp;- [[Liste des listes|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;listes]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Accueil|Tous&nbsp;les&nbsp;portails]]&nbsp;- [[:Catégorie:Principale|Racine&nbsp;des&nbsp;catégories]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; |style="border:1px solid #DDDDF7;background:#F7F7FF"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#F7F7FF" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps hwinfo.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Participation &amp; [[Wikipedia:Community Portal|communauté]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Accueil des nouveaux arrivants|Accueil&nbsp;pour&nbsp;les&nbsp;nouveaux&nbsp;arrivants]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|Kotámbola ya libosó]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Projet|Participez&nbsp;aux&nbsp;projets]]&nbsp;- <!-- [[Wikipédia:Merci_pour_les_photos|Illustrez&nbsp;les&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- --> [[Wikipedia: Bosungi (FAQ)|Poser&nbsp;une&nbsp;question]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Livre d'or|Livre&nbsp;d’or]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |} {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |width="50%"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcoloredit.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Portail:Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya|Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya]]'''<br /> [[Ameublement]]&nbsp;- [[Kotonga bandako]] mpe [[Meko ya kobɔngisa mboka]]&nbsp;- [[Arts du spectacle]]&nbsp;- [[Bande dessinée]]&nbsp;- [[Cinéma]]&nbsp;- [[Design]]&nbsp;- [[Histoire de l’art]]&nbsp;- [[Mikanda]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Mizíki|Mizíki]]&nbsp;- [[Peinture]]&nbsp;- [[Photographie]]&nbsp;- [[Sculpture]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps colors.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Vie quotidienne & loisirs'''<br /> [[Aquariophilie]]&nbsp;- [[Bricolage]]&nbsp;- [[Cuisine]]&nbsp;- [[Culture populaire]]&nbsp;- [[Mibeto ya kopɛtɔlo nzoto]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Zardɛ|Zardɛ]]&nbsp;- [[Jeu|Jeux]]&nbsp;- [[Vigne et vin]]&nbsp;- [[Philatélie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Radio|Radio]]&nbsp;- [[Motindo]]&nbsp;- [[Masano]]&nbsp;- [[Bilili na mosika]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Turismɛ|Botamboli (Turismɛ)]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!--------------------------------------------- '''Société'''<br /> [[Défense et sécurité]]&nbsp;- [[Droit]]&nbsp;- [[Économie]]&nbsp;- [[Éducation]]&nbsp;- [[Femme]]&nbsp;- [[Politique]]&nbsp;- [[Presse]]&nbsp;- [[Religion]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Transports]] ----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps kfm home.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''[[:Category:Lisangá|Lisangá]]'''<br /> [[Bobateli mpe epekiseli]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mibéko]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mbɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Botéyi|Botéyi]]&nbsp;- [[Mwǎsí]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Politiki|Politiki]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Mikanda ya nsango|Mikanda ya nsango]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Maswa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_bookcase.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''[[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]] &amp; [[croyance]]s'''<br /> [[Athéisme]]&nbsp;- [[Bouddhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boklísto]]&nbsp;- [[Ésotérisme]]&nbsp;- [[Hindouisme]]&nbsp;- [[Islamu]]&nbsp;- [[Jaïnisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyúda]]&nbsp;- [[Mythologie]]&nbsp;- [[Paganisme]]&nbsp;- [[Secte]]&nbsp;- [[Sikhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Taoïsme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi bilɔkɔ ya Nzambe]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kfind.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''Kɔ́ngɔ'''<br /> [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Ebale]]&nbsp;- [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́ (Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]]&nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]&nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; | {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_browser.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Búku ya Mokili'''<br /> [[Mambí ma Lolenge]]&nbsp;- [[Écologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Jyografi|Mambí ma Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Géologie]]&nbsp;- [[Géopolitique]]&nbsp;- [[Mai]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi ntango]]&nbsp;- [[Monde maritime]]&nbsp;- [[Nkeka]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Bisé_ya_Mokili|Bisé ya Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Toponymie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mambí ma bato'''<br /> [[Mambí ma moto]]&nbsp;- [[Archéologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Libóta|Mambí ma libóta]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Historia|Historia]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma nkóta]]&nbsp;- [[Philosophie]]&nbsp;- [[Psychologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences cognitives]]&nbsp;- [[Sociologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mayebani sembo & sciences naturelles'''<br /> [[Bitsɛngi]]&nbsp;- [[Biologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Boyebi milona|Boyebi milona]]&nbsp;- [[Kémi]]&nbsp;- [[Kokanisa]]&nbsp;- [[Bilɔkɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Paléontologie]]&nbsp;- [[Fízíkí]]&nbsp;- [[Nyama|Banyama]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Boyokoli miango ya mosala & sciences appliquées'''<br /> [[Aérospatiale]]&nbsp;- [[:category:Kolona bilanga|Kolona bilanga]]&nbsp;- [[Cryptologie]]&nbsp;- [[Cybernétique]]&nbsp;- [[Électronique]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Bongana masíni|Bongana masíni]]&nbsp;- [[Ingénierie]]&nbsp;- [[Internet]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Móngana|Móngana]]&nbsp;- [[Pharmacie]]&nbsp;- [[Robotique]]&nbsp;- [[Télécommunications]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kweather.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Afrikana & Lingálana'''<br /> [[:Category:Bisé ya Afrika|Bisé ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Animaux de l' afrique]]&nbsp;- [[plantes de l'afrique]]&nbsp;- [[langues africaines]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Historia ya Afrika|Historia ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Lingála]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Afrika|Afrika]]&nbsp;- |} |} </center> 8342 2006-06-01T14:29:41Z 160.85.2.50 Kɔ́ngɔ > Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ (link) <center> {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin-top:0.8em;margin-bottom:0.8em" |width="50%" style="border:1px solid #CCF7CC;background:#EEFFEE"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#EEFFEE" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps xmag.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Special:Search|Boluki]] &amp; [[Aide:consultation|consultation]]'''<br /> [[Wikipedia:Bikakoli bolámu|Bikakoli bolámu]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Index&nbsp;alphabétique]]&nbsp;- [[Liste des listes|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;listes]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Accueil|Tous&nbsp;les&nbsp;portails]]&nbsp;- [[:Catégorie:Principale|Racine&nbsp;des&nbsp;catégories]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; |style="border:1px solid #DDDDF7;background:#F7F7FF"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#F7F7FF" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps hwinfo.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Participation &amp; [[Wikipedia:Community Portal|communauté]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Accueil des nouveaux arrivants|Accueil&nbsp;pour&nbsp;les&nbsp;nouveaux&nbsp;arrivants]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|Kotámbola ya libosó]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Projet|Participez&nbsp;aux&nbsp;projets]]&nbsp;- <!-- [[Wikipédia:Merci_pour_les_photos|Illustrez&nbsp;les&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- --> [[Wikipedia: Bosungi (FAQ)|Poser&nbsp;une&nbsp;question]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Livre d'or|Livre&nbsp;d’or]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |} {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |width="50%"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcoloredit.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Portail:Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya|Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya]]'''<br /> [[Ameublement]]&nbsp;- [[Kotonga bandako]] mpe [[Meko ya kobɔngisa mboka]]&nbsp;- [[Arts du spectacle]]&nbsp;- [[Bande dessinée]]&nbsp;- [[Cinéma]]&nbsp;- [[Design]]&nbsp;- [[Histoire de l’art]]&nbsp;- [[Mikanda]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Mizíki|Mizíki]]&nbsp;- [[Peinture]]&nbsp;- [[Photographie]]&nbsp;- [[Sculpture]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps colors.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Vie quotidienne & loisirs'''<br /> [[Aquariophilie]]&nbsp;- [[Bricolage]]&nbsp;- [[Cuisine]]&nbsp;- [[Culture populaire]]&nbsp;- [[Mibeto ya kopɛtɔlo nzoto]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Zardɛ|Zardɛ]]&nbsp;- [[Jeu|Jeux]]&nbsp;- [[Vigne et vin]]&nbsp;- [[Philatélie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Radio|Radio]]&nbsp;- [[Motindo]]&nbsp;- [[Masano]]&nbsp;- [[Bilili na mosika]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Turismɛ|Botamboli (Turismɛ)]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!--------------------------------------------- '''Société'''<br /> [[Défense et sécurité]]&nbsp;- [[Droit]]&nbsp;- [[Économie]]&nbsp;- [[Éducation]]&nbsp;- [[Femme]]&nbsp;- [[Politique]]&nbsp;- [[Presse]]&nbsp;- [[Religion]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Transports]] ----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps kfm home.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''[[:Category:Lisangá|Lisangá]]'''<br /> [[Bobateli mpe epekiseli]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mibéko]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mbɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Botéyi|Botéyi]]&nbsp;- [[Mwǎsí]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Politiki|Politiki]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Mikanda ya nsango|Mikanda ya nsango]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Maswa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_bookcase.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''[[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]] &amp; [[croyance]]s'''<br /> [[Athéisme]]&nbsp;- [[Bouddhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boklísto]]&nbsp;- [[Ésotérisme]]&nbsp;- [[Hindouisme]]&nbsp;- [[Islamu]]&nbsp;- [[Jaïnisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyúda]]&nbsp;- [[Mythologie]]&nbsp;- [[Paganisme]]&nbsp;- [[Secte]]&nbsp;- [[Sikhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Taoïsme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi bilɔkɔ ya Nzambe]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kfind.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''Kɔ́ngɔ'''<br /> [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Ebale]]&nbsp;- [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́ (Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]]&nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]&nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; | {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_browser.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Búku ya Mokili'''<br /> [[Mambí ma Lolenge]]&nbsp;- [[Écologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Jyografi|Mambí ma Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Géologie]]&nbsp;- [[Géopolitique]]&nbsp;- [[Mai]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi ntango]]&nbsp;- [[Monde maritime]]&nbsp;- [[Nkeka]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Bisé_ya_Mokili|Bisé ya Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Toponymie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mambí ma bato'''<br /> [[Mambí ma moto]]&nbsp;- [[Archéologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Libóta|Mambí ma libóta]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Historia|Historia]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma nkóta]]&nbsp;- [[Philosophie]]&nbsp;- [[Psychologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences cognitives]]&nbsp;- [[Sociologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mayebani sembo & sciences naturelles'''<br /> [[Bitsɛngi]]&nbsp;- [[Biologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Boyebi milona|Boyebi milona]]&nbsp;- [[Kémi]]&nbsp;- [[Kokanisa]]&nbsp;- [[Bilɔkɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Paléontologie]]&nbsp;- [[Fízíkí]]&nbsp;- [[Nyama|Banyama]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Boyokoli miango ya mosala & sciences appliquées'''<br /> [[Aérospatiale]]&nbsp;- [[:category:Kolona bilanga|Kolona bilanga]]&nbsp;- [[Cryptologie]]&nbsp;- [[Cybernétique]]&nbsp;- [[Électronique]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Bongana masíni|Bongana masíni]]&nbsp;- [[Ingénierie]]&nbsp;- [[Internet]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Móngana|Móngana]]&nbsp;- [[Pharmacie]]&nbsp;- [[Robotique]]&nbsp;- [[Télécommunications]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kweather.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Afrikana & Lingálana'''<br /> [[:Category:Bisé ya Afrika|Bisé ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Animaux de l' afrique]]&nbsp;- [[plantes de l'afrique]]&nbsp;- [[langues africaines]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Historia ya Afrika|Historia ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Lingála]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Afrika|Afrika]]&nbsp;- |} |} </center> 8343 2006-06-01T14:31:58Z 160.85.2.50 link Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ (Brazza) <center> {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin-top:0.8em;margin-bottom:0.8em" |width="50%" style="border:1px solid #CCF7CC;background:#EEFFEE"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#EEFFEE" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps xmag.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Special:Search|Boluki]] &amp; [[Aide:consultation|consultation]]'''<br /> [[Wikipedia:Bikakoli bolámu|Bikakoli bolámu]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Index&nbsp;alphabétique]]&nbsp;- [[Liste des listes|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;listes]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Accueil|Tous&nbsp;les&nbsp;portails]]&nbsp;- [[:Catégorie:Principale|Racine&nbsp;des&nbsp;catégories]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; |style="border:1px solid #DDDDF7;background:#F7F7FF"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#F7F7FF" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps hwinfo.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Participation &amp; [[Wikipedia:Community Portal|communauté]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Accueil des nouveaux arrivants|Accueil&nbsp;pour&nbsp;les&nbsp;nouveaux&nbsp;arrivants]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|Kotámbola ya libosó]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Projet|Participez&nbsp;aux&nbsp;projets]]&nbsp;- <!-- [[Wikipédia:Merci_pour_les_photos|Illustrez&nbsp;les&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- --> [[Wikipedia: Bosungi (FAQ)|Poser&nbsp;une&nbsp;question]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Livre d'or|Livre&nbsp;d’or]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |} {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |width="50%"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcoloredit.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Portail:Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya|Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya]]'''<br /> [[Ameublement]]&nbsp;- [[Kotonga bandako]] mpe [[Meko ya kobɔngisa mboka]]&nbsp;- [[Arts du spectacle]]&nbsp;- [[Bande dessinée]]&nbsp;- [[Cinéma]]&nbsp;- [[Design]]&nbsp;- [[Histoire de l’art]]&nbsp;- [[Mikanda]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Mizíki|Mizíki]]&nbsp;- [[Peinture]]&nbsp;- [[Photographie]]&nbsp;- [[Sculpture]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps colors.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Vie quotidienne & loisirs'''<br /> [[Aquariophilie]]&nbsp;- [[Bricolage]]&nbsp;- [[Cuisine]]&nbsp;- [[Culture populaire]]&nbsp;- [[Mibeto ya kopɛtɔlo nzoto]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Zardɛ|Zardɛ]]&nbsp;- [[Jeu|Jeux]]&nbsp;- [[Vigne et vin]]&nbsp;- [[Philatélie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Radio|Radio]]&nbsp;- [[Motindo]]&nbsp;- [[Masano]]&nbsp;- [[Bilili na mosika]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Turismɛ|Botamboli (Turismɛ)]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!--------------------------------------------- '''Société'''<br /> [[Défense et sécurité]]&nbsp;- [[Droit]]&nbsp;- [[Économie]]&nbsp;- [[Éducation]]&nbsp;- [[Femme]]&nbsp;- [[Politique]]&nbsp;- [[Presse]]&nbsp;- [[Religion]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Transports]] ----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps kfm home.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''[[:Category:Lisangá|Lisangá]]'''<br /> [[Bobateli mpe epekiseli]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mibéko]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mbɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Botéyi|Botéyi]]&nbsp;- [[Mwǎsí]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Politiki|Politiki]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Mikanda ya nsango|Mikanda ya nsango]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Maswa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_bookcase.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''[[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]] &amp; [[croyance]]s'''<br /> [[Athéisme]]&nbsp;- [[Bouddhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boklísto]]&nbsp;- [[Ésotérisme]]&nbsp;- [[Hindouisme]]&nbsp;- [[Islamu]]&nbsp;- [[Jaïnisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyúda]]&nbsp;- [[Mythologie]]&nbsp;- [[Paganisme]]&nbsp;- [[Secte]]&nbsp;- [[Sikhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Taoïsme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi bilɔkɔ ya Nzambe]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kfind.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''Kɔ́ngɔ'''<br /> [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Ebale]]&nbsp;- [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́ (Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]]&nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ|Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] &nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; | {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_browser.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Búku ya Mokili'''<br /> [[Mambí ma Lolenge]]&nbsp;- [[Écologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Jyografi|Mambí ma Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Géologie]]&nbsp;- [[Géopolitique]]&nbsp;- [[Mai]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi ntango]]&nbsp;- [[Monde maritime]]&nbsp;- [[Nkeka]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Bisé_ya_Mokili|Bisé ya Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Toponymie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mambí ma bato'''<br /> [[Mambí ma moto]]&nbsp;- [[Archéologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Libóta|Mambí ma libóta]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Historia|Historia]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma nkóta]]&nbsp;- [[Philosophie]]&nbsp;- [[Psychologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences cognitives]]&nbsp;- [[Sociologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mayebani sembo & sciences naturelles'''<br /> [[Bitsɛngi]]&nbsp;- [[Biologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Boyebi milona|Boyebi milona]]&nbsp;- [[Kémi]]&nbsp;- [[Kokanisa]]&nbsp;- [[Bilɔkɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Paléontologie]]&nbsp;- [[Fízíkí]]&nbsp;- [[Nyama|Banyama]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Boyokoli miango ya mosala & sciences appliquées'''<br /> [[Aérospatiale]]&nbsp;- [[:category:Kolona bilanga|Kolona bilanga]]&nbsp;- [[Cryptologie]]&nbsp;- [[Cybernétique]]&nbsp;- [[Électronique]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Bongana masíni|Bongana masíni]]&nbsp;- [[Ingénierie]]&nbsp;- [[Internet]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Móngana|Móngana]]&nbsp;- [[Pharmacie]]&nbsp;- [[Robotique]]&nbsp;- [[Télécommunications]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kweather.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Afrikana & Lingálana'''<br /> [[:Category:Bisé ya Afrika|Bisé ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Animaux de l' afrique]]&nbsp;- [[plantes de l'afrique]]&nbsp;- [[langues africaines]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Historia ya Afrika|Historia ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Lingála]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Afrika|Afrika]]&nbsp;- |} |} </center> 8469 2006-06-20T08:12:15Z 160.85.2.50 langues africaines > Nkotá ya Afrika <center> {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin-top:0.8em;margin-bottom:0.8em" |width="50%" style="border:1px solid #CCF7CC;background:#EEFFEE"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#EEFFEE" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps xmag.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Special:Search|Boluki]] &amp; [[Aide:consultation|consultation]]'''<br /> [[Wikipedia:Bikakoli bolámu|Bikakoli bolámu]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Index&nbsp;alphabétique]]&nbsp;- [[Liste des listes|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;listes]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Accueil|Tous&nbsp;les&nbsp;portails]]&nbsp;- [[:Catégorie:Principale|Racine&nbsp;des&nbsp;catégories]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; |style="border:1px solid #DDDDF7;background:#F7F7FF"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#F7F7FF" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps hwinfo.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Participation &amp; [[Wikipedia:Community Portal|communauté]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Accueil des nouveaux arrivants|Accueil&nbsp;pour&nbsp;les&nbsp;nouveaux&nbsp;arrivants]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|Kotámbola ya libosó]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Projet|Participez&nbsp;aux&nbsp;projets]]&nbsp;- <!-- [[Wikipédia:Merci_pour_les_photos|Illustrez&nbsp;les&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- --> [[Wikipedia: Bosungi (FAQ)|Poser&nbsp;une&nbsp;question]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Livre d'or|Livre&nbsp;d’or]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |} {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |width="50%"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcoloredit.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Portail:Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya|Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya]]'''<br /> [[Ameublement]]&nbsp;- [[Kotonga bandako]] mpe [[Meko ya kobɔngisa mboka]]&nbsp;- [[Arts du spectacle]]&nbsp;- [[Bande dessinée]]&nbsp;- [[Cinéma]]&nbsp;- [[Design]]&nbsp;- [[Histoire de l’art]]&nbsp;- [[Mikanda]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Mizíki|Mizíki]]&nbsp;- [[Peinture]]&nbsp;- [[Photographie]]&nbsp;- [[Sculpture]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps colors.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Vie quotidienne & loisirs'''<br /> [[Aquariophilie]]&nbsp;- [[Bricolage]]&nbsp;- [[Cuisine]]&nbsp;- [[Culture populaire]]&nbsp;- [[Mibeto ya kopɛtɔlo nzoto]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Zardɛ|Zardɛ]]&nbsp;- [[Jeu|Jeux]]&nbsp;- [[Vigne et vin]]&nbsp;- [[Philatélie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Radio|Radio]]&nbsp;- [[Motindo]]&nbsp;- [[Masano]]&nbsp;- [[Bilili na mosika]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Turismɛ|Botamboli (Turismɛ)]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!--------------------------------------------- '''Société'''<br /> [[Défense et sécurité]]&nbsp;- [[Droit]]&nbsp;- [[Économie]]&nbsp;- [[Éducation]]&nbsp;- [[Femme]]&nbsp;- [[Politique]]&nbsp;- [[Presse]]&nbsp;- [[Religion]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Transports]] ----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps kfm home.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''[[:Category:Lisangá|Lisangá]]'''<br /> [[Bobateli mpe epekiseli]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mibéko]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mbɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Botéyi|Botéyi]]&nbsp;- [[Mwǎsí]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Politiki|Politiki]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Mikanda ya nsango|Mikanda ya nsango]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Maswa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_bookcase.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''[[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]] &amp; [[croyance]]s'''<br /> [[Athéisme]]&nbsp;- [[Bouddhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boklísto]]&nbsp;- [[Ésotérisme]]&nbsp;- [[Hindouisme]]&nbsp;- [[Islamu]]&nbsp;- [[Jaïnisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyúda]]&nbsp;- [[Mythologie]]&nbsp;- [[Paganisme]]&nbsp;- [[Secte]]&nbsp;- [[Sikhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Taoïsme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi bilɔkɔ ya Nzambe]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kfind.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''Kɔ́ngɔ'''<br /> [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Ebale]]&nbsp;- [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́ (Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]]&nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ|Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] &nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; | {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_browser.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Búku ya Mokili'''<br /> [[Mambí ma Lolenge]]&nbsp;- [[Écologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Jyografi|Mambí ma Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Géologie]]&nbsp;- [[Géopolitique]]&nbsp;- [[Mai]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi ntango]]&nbsp;- [[Monde maritime]]&nbsp;- [[Nkeka]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Bisé_ya_Mokili|Bisé ya Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Toponymie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mambí ma bato'''<br /> [[Mambí ma moto]]&nbsp;- [[Archéologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Libóta|Mambí ma libóta]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Historia|Historia]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma nkóta]]&nbsp;- [[Philosophie]]&nbsp;- [[Psychologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences cognitives]]&nbsp;- [[Sociologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mayebani sembo & sciences naturelles'''<br /> [[Bitsɛngi]]&nbsp;- [[Biologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Boyebi milona|Boyebi milona]]&nbsp;- [[Kémi]]&nbsp;- [[Kokanisa]]&nbsp;- [[Bilɔkɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Paléontologie]]&nbsp;- [[Fízíkí]]&nbsp;- [[Nyama|Banyama]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Boyokoli miango ya mosala & sciences appliquées'''<br /> [[Aérospatiale]]&nbsp;- [[:category:Kolona bilanga|Kolona bilanga]]&nbsp;- [[Cryptologie]]&nbsp;- [[Cybernétique]]&nbsp;- [[Électronique]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Bongana masíni|Bongana masíni]]&nbsp;- [[Ingénierie]]&nbsp;- [[Internet]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Móngana|Móngana]]&nbsp;- [[Pharmacie]]&nbsp;- [[Robotique]]&nbsp;- [[Télécommunications]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kweather.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Afrikana & Lingálana'''<br /> [[:Category:Bisé ya Afrika|Bisé ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Animaux de l' afrique]]&nbsp;- [[plantes de l'afrique]]&nbsp;- [[Category:Nkotá ya Afrika|Nkotá ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Historia ya Afrika|Historia ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Lingála]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Afrika|Afrika]]&nbsp;- |} |} </center> 8470 2006-06-20T08:12:56Z 160.85.2.50 typo <center> {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin-top:0.8em;margin-bottom:0.8em" |width="50%" style="border:1px solid #CCF7CC;background:#EEFFEE"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#EEFFEE" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps xmag.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Special:Search|Boluki]] &amp; [[Aide:consultation|consultation]]'''<br /> [[Wikipedia:Bikakoli bolámu|Bikakoli bolámu]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Index&nbsp;alphabétique]]&nbsp;- [[Liste des listes|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;listes]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Accueil|Tous&nbsp;les&nbsp;portails]]&nbsp;- [[:Catégorie:Principale|Racine&nbsp;des&nbsp;catégories]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; |style="border:1px solid #DDDDF7;background:#F7F7FF"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#F7F7FF" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps hwinfo.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Participation &amp; [[Wikipedia:Community Portal|communauté]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Accueil des nouveaux arrivants|Accueil&nbsp;pour&nbsp;les&nbsp;nouveaux&nbsp;arrivants]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|Kotámbola ya libosó]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Projet|Participez&nbsp;aux&nbsp;projets]]&nbsp;- <!-- [[Wikipédia:Merci_pour_les_photos|Illustrez&nbsp;les&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- --> [[Wikipedia: Bosungi (FAQ)|Poser&nbsp;une&nbsp;question]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Livre d'or|Livre&nbsp;d’or]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |} {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |width="50%"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcoloredit.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Portail:Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya|Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya]]'''<br /> [[Ameublement]]&nbsp;- [[Kotonga bandako]] mpe [[Meko ya kobɔngisa mboka]]&nbsp;- [[Arts du spectacle]]&nbsp;- [[Bande dessinée]]&nbsp;- [[Cinéma]]&nbsp;- [[Design]]&nbsp;- [[Histoire de l’art]]&nbsp;- [[Mikanda]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Mizíki|Mizíki]]&nbsp;- [[Peinture]]&nbsp;- [[Photographie]]&nbsp;- [[Sculpture]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps colors.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Vie quotidienne & loisirs'''<br /> [[Aquariophilie]]&nbsp;- [[Bricolage]]&nbsp;- [[Cuisine]]&nbsp;- [[Culture populaire]]&nbsp;- [[Mibeto ya kopɛtɔlo nzoto]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Zardɛ|Zardɛ]]&nbsp;- [[Jeu|Jeux]]&nbsp;- [[Vigne et vin]]&nbsp;- [[Philatélie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Radio|Radio]]&nbsp;- [[Motindo]]&nbsp;- [[Masano]]&nbsp;- [[Bilili na mosika]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Turismɛ|Botamboli (Turismɛ)]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!--------------------------------------------- '''Société'''<br /> [[Défense et sécurité]]&nbsp;- [[Droit]]&nbsp;- [[Économie]]&nbsp;- [[Éducation]]&nbsp;- [[Femme]]&nbsp;- [[Politique]]&nbsp;- [[Presse]]&nbsp;- [[Religion]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Transports]] ----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps kfm home.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''[[:Category:Lisangá|Lisangá]]'''<br /> [[Bobateli mpe epekiseli]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mibéko]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mbɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Botéyi|Botéyi]]&nbsp;- [[Mwǎsí]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Politiki|Politiki]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Mikanda ya nsango|Mikanda ya nsango]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Maswa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_bookcase.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''[[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]] &amp; [[croyance]]s'''<br /> [[Athéisme]]&nbsp;- [[Bouddhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boklísto]]&nbsp;- [[Ésotérisme]]&nbsp;- [[Hindouisme]]&nbsp;- [[Islamu]]&nbsp;- [[Jaïnisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyúda]]&nbsp;- [[Mythologie]]&nbsp;- [[Paganisme]]&nbsp;- [[Secte]]&nbsp;- [[Sikhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Taoïsme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi bilɔkɔ ya Nzambe]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kfind.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''Kɔ́ngɔ'''<br /> [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Ebale]]&nbsp;- [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́ (Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]]&nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ|Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] &nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; | {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_browser.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Búku ya Mokili'''<br /> [[Mambí ma Lolenge]]&nbsp;- [[Écologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Jyografi|Mambí ma Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Géologie]]&nbsp;- [[Géopolitique]]&nbsp;- [[Mai]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi ntango]]&nbsp;- [[Monde maritime]]&nbsp;- [[Nkeka]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Bisé_ya_Mokili|Bisé ya Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Toponymie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mambí ma bato'''<br /> [[Mambí ma moto]]&nbsp;- [[Archéologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Libóta|Mambí ma libóta]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Historia|Historia]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma nkóta]]&nbsp;- [[Philosophie]]&nbsp;- [[Psychologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences cognitives]]&nbsp;- [[Sociologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mayebani sembo & sciences naturelles'''<br /> [[Bitsɛngi]]&nbsp;- [[Biologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Boyebi milona|Boyebi milona]]&nbsp;- [[Kémi]]&nbsp;- [[Kokanisa]]&nbsp;- [[Bilɔkɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Paléontologie]]&nbsp;- [[Fízíkí]]&nbsp;- [[Nyama|Banyama]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Boyokoli miango ya mosala & sciences appliquées'''<br /> [[Aérospatiale]]&nbsp;- [[:category:Kolona bilanga|Kolona bilanga]]&nbsp;- [[Cryptologie]]&nbsp;- [[Cybernétique]]&nbsp;- [[Électronique]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Bongana masíni|Bongana masíni]]&nbsp;- [[Ingénierie]]&nbsp;- [[Internet]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Móngana|Móngana]]&nbsp;- [[Pharmacie]]&nbsp;- [[Robotique]]&nbsp;- [[Télécommunications]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kweather.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Afrikana & Lingálana'''<br /> [[:Category:Bisé ya Afrika|Bisé ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Animaux de l' afrique]]&nbsp;- [[plantes de l'afrique]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Nkotá ya Afrika|Nkotá ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Historia ya Afrika|Historia ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Lingála]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Afrika|Afrika]]&nbsp;- |} |} </center> 8479 2006-06-26T09:06:25Z Bombo 12 link Wikipedia:Bilelemelo <center> {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin-top:0.8em;margin-bottom:0.8em" |width="50%" style="border:1px solid #CCF7CC;background:#EEFFEE"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#EEFFEE" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps xmag.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Special:Search|Boluki]] &amp; [[Aide:consultation|consultation]]'''<br /> [[Wikipedia:Bikakoli bolámu|Bikakoli bolámu]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Index&nbsp;alphabétique]]&nbsp;- [[Liste des listes|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;listes]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Accueil|Tous&nbsp;les&nbsp;portails]]&nbsp;- [[:Catégorie:Principale|Racine&nbsp;des&nbsp;catégories]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; |style="border:1px solid #DDDDF7;background:#F7F7FF"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#F7F7FF" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps hwinfo.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Participation &amp; [[Wikipedia:Community Portal|communauté]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Accueil des nouveaux arrivants|Accueil&nbsp;pour&nbsp;les&nbsp;nouveaux&nbsp;arrivants]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|Kotámbola ya libosó]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Projet|Participez&nbsp;aux&nbsp;projets]]&nbsp;- <!-- [[Wikipédia:Merci_pour_les_photos|Illustrez&nbsp;les&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- --> [[Wikipedia: Bosungi (FAQ)|Poser&nbsp;une&nbsp;question]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipedia:Bilelemelo|Livre&nbsp;d’or]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |} {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |width="50%"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcoloredit.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Portail:Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya|Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya]]'''<br /> [[Ameublement]]&nbsp;- [[Kotonga bandako]] mpe [[Meko ya kobɔngisa mboka]]&nbsp;- [[Arts du spectacle]]&nbsp;- [[Bande dessinée]]&nbsp;- [[Cinéma]]&nbsp;- [[Design]]&nbsp;- [[Histoire de l’art]]&nbsp;- [[Mikanda]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Mizíki|Mizíki]]&nbsp;- [[Peinture]]&nbsp;- [[Photographie]]&nbsp;- [[Sculpture]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps colors.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Vie quotidienne & loisirs'''<br /> [[Aquariophilie]]&nbsp;- [[Bricolage]]&nbsp;- [[Cuisine]]&nbsp;- [[Culture populaire]]&nbsp;- [[Mibeto ya kopɛtɔlo nzoto]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Zardɛ|Zardɛ]]&nbsp;- [[Jeu|Jeux]]&nbsp;- [[Vigne et vin]]&nbsp;- [[Philatélie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Radio|Radio]]&nbsp;- [[Motindo]]&nbsp;- [[Masano]]&nbsp;- [[Bilili na mosika]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Turismɛ|Botamboli (Turismɛ)]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!--------------------------------------------- '''Société'''<br /> [[Défense et sécurité]]&nbsp;- [[Droit]]&nbsp;- [[Économie]]&nbsp;- [[Éducation]]&nbsp;- [[Femme]]&nbsp;- [[Politique]]&nbsp;- [[Presse]]&nbsp;- [[Religion]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Transports]] ----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps kfm home.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''[[:Category:Lisangá|Lisangá]]'''<br /> [[Bobateli mpe epekiseli]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mibéko]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mbɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Botéyi|Botéyi]]&nbsp;- [[Mwǎsí]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Politiki|Politiki]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Mikanda ya nsango|Mikanda ya nsango]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Maswa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_bookcase.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''[[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]] &amp; [[croyance]]s'''<br /> [[Athéisme]]&nbsp;- [[Bouddhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boklísto]]&nbsp;- [[Ésotérisme]]&nbsp;- [[Hindouisme]]&nbsp;- [[Islamu]]&nbsp;- [[Jaïnisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyúda]]&nbsp;- [[Mythologie]]&nbsp;- [[Paganisme]]&nbsp;- [[Secte]]&nbsp;- [[Sikhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Taoïsme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi bilɔkɔ ya Nzambe]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kfind.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''Kɔ́ngɔ'''<br /> [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Ebale]]&nbsp;- [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́ (Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]]&nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ|Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] &nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; | {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_browser.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Búku ya Mokili'''<br /> [[Mambí ma Lolenge]]&nbsp;- [[Écologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Jyografi|Mambí ma Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Géologie]]&nbsp;- [[Géopolitique]]&nbsp;- [[Mai]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi ntango]]&nbsp;- [[Monde maritime]]&nbsp;- [[Nkeka]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Bisé_ya_Mokili|Bisé ya Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Toponymie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mambí ma bato'''<br /> [[Mambí ma moto]]&nbsp;- [[Archéologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Libóta|Mambí ma libóta]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Historia|Historia]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma nkóta]]&nbsp;- [[Philosophie]]&nbsp;- [[Psychologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences cognitives]]&nbsp;- [[Sociologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mayebani sembo & sciences naturelles'''<br /> [[Bitsɛngi]]&nbsp;- [[Biologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Boyebi milona|Boyebi milona]]&nbsp;- [[Kémi]]&nbsp;- [[Kokanisa]]&nbsp;- [[Bilɔkɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Paléontologie]]&nbsp;- [[Fízíkí]]&nbsp;- [[Nyama|Banyama]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Boyokoli miango ya mosala & sciences appliquées'''<br /> [[Aérospatiale]]&nbsp;- [[:category:Kolona bilanga|Kolona bilanga]]&nbsp;- [[Cryptologie]]&nbsp;- [[Cybernétique]]&nbsp;- [[Électronique]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Bongana masíni|Bongana masíni]]&nbsp;- [[Ingénierie]]&nbsp;- [[Internet]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Móngana|Móngana]]&nbsp;- [[Pharmacie]]&nbsp;- [[Robotique]]&nbsp;- [[Télécommunications]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kweather.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Afrikana & Lingálana'''<br /> [[:Category:Bisé ya Afrika|Bisé ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Animaux de l' afrique]]&nbsp;- [[plantes de l'afrique]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Nkotá ya Afrika|Nkotá ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Historia ya Afrika|Historia ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Lingála]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Afrika|Afrika]]&nbsp;- |} |} </center> 8693 2006-07-01T19:10:52Z Bombo 12 <center> {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin-top:0.8em;margin-bottom:0.8em" |width="50%" style="border:1px solid #CCF7CC;background:#EEFFEE"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#EEFFEE" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps xmag.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Special:Search|Boluki]] &amp; [[Aide:consultation|consultation]]'''<br /> [[Wikipedia:Bikakoli bolámu|Bikakoli bolámu]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Index&nbsp;alphabétique]]&nbsp;- [[Liste des listes|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;listes]]&nbsp;- [[Special:Allpages|Liste&nbsp;des&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- [[Portail:Accueil|Tous&nbsp;les&nbsp;portails]]&nbsp;- [[:Catégorie:Principale|Racine&nbsp;des&nbsp;catégories]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; |style="border:1px solid #DDDDF7;background:#F7F7FF"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#F7F7FF" <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps hwinfo.png|nothumb|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Participation &amp; [[Wikipedia:Community Portal|communauté]]'''<br /> [[Wikipédia:Accueil des nouveaux arrivants|Accueil&nbsp;pour&nbsp;les&nbsp;nouveaux&nbsp;arrivants]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|Kotámbola ya libosó]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipédia:Projet|Participez&nbsp;aux&nbsp;projets]]&nbsp;- <!-- [[Wikipédia:Merci_pour_les_photos|Illustrez&nbsp;les&nbsp;articles]]&nbsp;- --> [[Wikipedia: Bosungi (FAQ)|Poser&nbsp;une&nbsp;question]]&nbsp;- [[Wikipedia:Bilelemelo|Livre&nbsp;d’or]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |} {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |width="50%"| {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcoloredit.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''[[Portail:Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya|Ekela kitɔkɔ ya bwanya]]'''<br /> [[Ameublement]]&nbsp;- [[Kotonga bandako]] mpe [[Meko ya kobɔngisa mboka]]&nbsp;- [[Arts du spectacle]]&nbsp;- [[Bande dessinée]]&nbsp;- [[Cinéma]]&nbsp;- [[Design]]&nbsp;- [[Histoire de l’art]]&nbsp;- [[Mikanda]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Mizíki|Mizíki]]&nbsp;- [[Peinture]]&nbsp;- [[Photographie]]&nbsp;- [[Sculpture]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps colors.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Vie quotidienne & loisirs'''<br /> [[Aquariophilie]]&nbsp;- [[Bricolage]]&nbsp;- [[Cuisine]]&nbsp;- [[Culture populaire]]&nbsp;- [[Mibeto ya kopɛtɔlo nzoto]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Zardɛ|Zardɛ]]&nbsp;- [[Jeu|Jeux]]&nbsp;- [[Vigne et vin]]&nbsp;- [[Philatélie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Radio|Radio]]&nbsp;- [[Motindo]]&nbsp;- [[Masano]]&nbsp;- [[Bilili na mosika]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Turismɛ|Botamboli (Turism)]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!--------------------------------------------- '''Société'''<br /> [[Défense et sécurité]]&nbsp;- [[Droit]]&nbsp;- [[Économie]]&nbsp;- [[Éducation]]&nbsp;- [[Femme]]&nbsp;- [[Politique]]&nbsp;- [[Presse]]&nbsp;- [[Religion]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Transports]] ----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola apps kfm home.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''[[:Category:Lisangá|Lisangá]]'''<br /> [[Bobateli mpe epekiseli]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mibéko]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma mbɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Botéyi|Botéyi]]&nbsp;- [[Mwǎsí]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Politiki|Politiki]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Mikanda ya nsango|Mikanda ya nsango]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]]&nbsp;- [[Syndicalisme]]&nbsp;- [[Maswa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_bookcase.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''[[:Category:Relijió|Relijió]] &amp; [[croyance]]s'''<br /> [[Athéisme]]&nbsp;- [[Bouddhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boklísto]]&nbsp;- [[Ésotérisme]]&nbsp;- [[Hindouisme]]&nbsp;- [[Islamu]]&nbsp;- [[Jaïnisme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyúda]]&nbsp;- [[Mythologie]]&nbsp;- [[Paganisme]]&nbsp;- [[Secte]]&nbsp;- [[Sikhisme]]&nbsp;- [[Taoïsme]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi bilɔkɔ ya Nzambe]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kfind.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|'''Kɔ́ngɔ'''<br /> [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ebale)|Ebale]]&nbsp;- [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́ (Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]]&nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ|Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] &nbsp;- [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] <!----------------------------------------------> |} |&nbsp;&nbsp; | {|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_browser.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%"|'''Búku ya Mokili'''<br /> [[Mambí ma Lolenge]]&nbsp;- [[Écologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Jyografi|Mambí ma Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Géologie]]&nbsp;- [[Géopolitique]]&nbsp;- [[Mai]]&nbsp;- [[Boyebi ntango]]&nbsp;- [[Monde maritime]]&nbsp;- [[Nkeka]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Bisé_ya_Mokili|Bisé ya Mokili]]&nbsp;- [[Toponymie]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mambí ma bato'''<br /> [[Mambí ma moto]]&nbsp;- [[Archéologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Libóta|Mambí ma libóta]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Historia|Historia]]&nbsp;- [[Mambí ma nkóta]]&nbsp;- [[Philosophie]]&nbsp;- [[Psychologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences cognitives]]&nbsp;- [[Sociologie]]&nbsp;- [[Sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Mayebani sembo & sciences naturelles'''<br /> [[Bitsɛngi]]&nbsp;- [[Biologie]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Boyebi milona|Boyebi milona]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Kémi|Kémi]]&nbsp;- [[Kokanisa]]&nbsp;- [[Bilɔkɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Paléontologie]]&nbsp;- [[Fízíkí]]&nbsp;- [[Nyama|Banyama]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Boyokoli miango ya mosala & sciences appliquées'''<br /> [[Aérospatiale]]&nbsp;- [[:category:Kolona bilanga|Kolona bilanga]]&nbsp;- [[Cryptologie]]&nbsp;- [[Cybernétique]]&nbsp;- [[Électronique]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Bongana masíni|Bongana masíni]]&nbsp;- [[Ingénierie]]&nbsp;- [[Internet]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Móngana|Móngana]]&nbsp;- [[Pharmacie]]&nbsp;- [[Robotique]]&nbsp;- [[Télécommunications]] <!----------------------------------------------> |- <!----------------------------------------------> |[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kweather.png|40px|center]] |style="font-size:95%;border-top:1px dashed #AAAAAA"|'''Afrikana & Lingálana'''<br /> [[:Category:Bisé ya Afrika|Bisé ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Animaux de l' afrique]]&nbsp;- [[plantes de l'afrique]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Nkotá ya Afrika|Nkotá ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Historia ya Afrika|Historia ya Afrika]]&nbsp;- [[Kɔ́ngɔ]]&nbsp;- [[Lingála]]&nbsp;- [[:Category:Afrika|Afrika]]&nbsp;- |} |} </center> Mambí ma mibéko 1992 6959 2005-11-21T15:19:13Z Moyogo 11 {{ndámbo}} '''Mambí ma mibéko''' ezalí mambí ma motíndo moye esengélí bato bánsɔ batósa yangó, mambí ma [[mobeko|mibéko]] nyɔ́nsɔ. [[fr:Droit]] Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libóso 1993 6963 2005-11-21T15:38:22Z Moyogo 11 [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libóso]] moved to [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó]]: kotámbola ya libosó (selon Kawata) #REDIRECT [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó]] Template:Prettytable 1994 6974 2005-11-21T22:35:03Z Moyogo 11 border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="margin:0.7em 0.7em 0.7em 0.7em;border:1px solid #AAAAAA;background:#F9F9F9;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:90%;" Template talk:Encyclopédie 1995 6980 2005-11-23T10:26:51Z Bombo 12 Problèmes de traduction Mes connaissances du lingála sont trop faible pour resoudre le problème suivant: Dans le dictionnaire de Dzokanga, les traductions suivantes me semble bien longue. Est-ce que l'on peut les racourcir? Sera-t-il correct d'écrire simplement ''mai'' au lieu de ''boyebi ndenge ya mai''? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:26, 23 novembere 2005 (UTC) {| |Architecture |Bwanya ntɔkɔ ya kotonga bandako |- |Syndicalisme |Boteyi mpe bolɛngɛli mibeko ya mosala |- |Géologie |boyebi ndenge ntɔtɔ esalamí |- |Hydrologie |boyebi ndenge ya mai |- |Astronomie |boyebi ndenga ya bitsɛngi |- |Logique |boyebi ndenge ya kokanisa |- |Mathématiques |Boyebi bonɛna ya bilɔkɔ |- |Zoologie |boyebi mitindo ya banyama |- |Agronomie |boyebi misala ya kolona bilanga |- |Médécine |boyebi mosala ya móngana |} 6981 2005-11-23T10:27:15Z Bombo 12 Problèmes de traduction Mes connaissances du lingála sont trop faible pour resoudre le problème suivant: Dans le dictionnaire de Dzokanga, les traductions suivantes me semble bien longue. Est-ce que l'on peut les racourcir? Sera-t-il correct d'écrire simplement ''mai'' au lieu de ''boyebi ndenge ya mai''? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:27, 23 novembere 2005 (UTC) {| |Architecture |Bwanya ntɔkɔ ya kotonga bandako |- |Syndicalisme |Boteyi mpe bolɛngɛli mibeko ya mosala |- |Géologie |boyebi ndenge ntɔtɔ esalamí |- |Hydrologie |boyebi ndenge ya mai |- |Astronomie |boyebi ndenga ya bitsɛngi |- |Logique |boyebi ndenge ya kokanisa |- |Mathématiques |Boyebi bonɛna ya bilɔkɔ |- |Zoologie |boyebi mitindo ya banyama |- |Agronomie |boyebi misala ya kolona bilanga |- |Médécine |boyebi mosala ya móngana |} 6983 2005-11-23T11:16:36Z Bombo 12 Traduction Mes connaissances du lingála sont trop faible pour resoudre le problème suivant: Dans le dictionnaire de Dzokanga, les traductions suivantes me semble bien longue. Est-ce que l'on peut les racourcir? Sera-t-il correct d'écrire simplement ''mai'' au lieu de ''boyebi ndenge ya mai''? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:27, 23 novembere 2005 (UTC) {| |Architecture |Bwanya ntɔkɔ ya kotonga bandako |- |Syndicalisme |Boteyi mpe bolɛngɛli mibeko ya mosala |- |Géologie |boyebi ndenge ntɔtɔ esalamí |- |Hydrologie |boyebi ndenge ya mai |- |Astronomie |boyebi ndenga ya bitsɛngi |- |Logique |boyebi ndenge ya kokanisa |- |Mathématiques |Boyebi bonɛna ya bilɔkɔ |- |Zoologie |boyebi mitindo ya banyama |- |Agronomie |boyebi misala ya kolona bilanga |- |Médécine |boyebi mosala ya móngana |} == Traduction == ''Jyografi'' ou ''Mambí ma Mokiti''? ''Ekonomi'' ou Mambí ma mbɔ́ngo''? ''Likambo'' ou ''Historia'' ou ''Lisolo'' ou ''Lisapo''? sources: 1: article [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] et autres; 2: project de la nouvelle page d'acceuil; 3/4: dictionnaire de Dzokanga --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 11:16, 23 novembere 2005 (UTC) 6984 2005-11-23T11:17:22Z Bombo 12 Traduction Mes connaissances du lingála sont trop faible pour resoudre le problème suivant: Dans le dictionnaire de Dzokanga, les traductions suivantes me semble bien longue. Est-ce que l'on peut les racourcir? Sera-t-il correct d'écrire simplement ''mai'' au lieu de ''boyebi ndenge ya mai''? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:27, 23 novembere 2005 (UTC) {| |Architecture |Bwanya ntɔkɔ ya kotonga bandako |- |Syndicalisme |Boteyi mpe bolɛngɛli mibeko ya mosala |- |Géologie |boyebi ndenge ntɔtɔ esalamí |- |Hydrologie |boyebi ndenge ya mai |- |Astronomie |boyebi ndenga ya bitsɛngi |- |Logique |boyebi ndenge ya kokanisa |- |Mathématiques |Boyebi bonɛna ya bilɔkɔ |- |Zoologie |boyebi mitindo ya banyama |- |Agronomie |boyebi misala ya kolona bilanga |- |Médécine |boyebi mosala ya móngana |} == Traduction == ''Jyografi'' ou ''Mambí ma Mokiti''? ''Ekonomi'' ou Mambí ma mbɔ́ngo''? ''Likambo'' ou ''Historia'' ou ''Lisolo'' ou ''Lisapo''? sources: 1: article [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] et autres; 2: project de la nouvelle page d'acceuil; 3/4: dictionnaire de Dzokanga --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 11:16, 23 novembere 2005 (UTC) == Traduction == ''Jyografi'' ou ''Mambí ma Mokiti''? ''Ekonomi'' ou Mambí ma mbɔ́ngo''? ''Likambo'' ou ''Historia'' ou ''Lisolo'' ou ''Lisapo''? sources: 1: article [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] et autres; 2: project de la nouvelle page d'acceuil; 3/4: dictionnaire de Dzokanga --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 11:17, 23 novembere 2005 (UTC) 6985 2005-11-23T11:17:56Z Bombo 12 Mes connaissances du lingála sont trop faible pour resoudre le problème suivant: Dans le dictionnaire de Dzokanga, les traductions suivantes me semble bien longue. Est-ce que l'on peut les racourcir? Sera-t-il correct d'écrire simplement ''mai'' au lieu de ''boyebi ndenge ya mai''? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:27, 23 novembere 2005 (UTC) {| |Architecture |Bwanya ntɔkɔ ya kotonga bandako |- |Syndicalisme |Boteyi mpe bolɛngɛli mibeko ya mosala |- |Géologie |boyebi ndenge ntɔtɔ esalamí |- |Hydrologie |boyebi ndenge ya mai |- |Astronomie |boyebi ndenga ya bitsɛngi |- |Logique |boyebi ndenge ya kokanisa |- |Mathématiques |Boyebi bonɛna ya bilɔkɔ |- |Zoologie |boyebi mitindo ya banyama |- |Agronomie |boyebi misala ya kolona bilanga |- |Médécine |boyebi mosala ya móngana |} == Traduction == ''Jyografi'' ou ''Mambí ma Mokiti''? ''Ekonomi'' ou Mambí ma mbɔ́ngo''? ''Likambo'' ou ''Historia'' ou ''Lisolo'' ou ''Lisapo''? sources: 1: article [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] et autres; 2: project de la nouvelle page d'acceuil; 3/4: dictionnaire de Dzokanga --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 11:16, 23 novembere 2005 (UTC) 6986 2005-11-23T11:18:33Z Bombo 12 /* Traduction */ Mes connaissances du lingála sont trop faible pour resoudre le problème suivant: Dans le dictionnaire de Dzokanga, les traductions suivantes me semble bien longue. Est-ce que l'on peut les racourcir? Sera-t-il correct d'écrire simplement ''mai'' au lieu de ''boyebi ndenge ya mai''? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:27, 23 novembere 2005 (UTC) {| |Architecture |Bwanya ntɔkɔ ya kotonga bandako |- |Syndicalisme |Boteyi mpe bolɛngɛli mibeko ya mosala |- |Géologie |boyebi ndenge ntɔtɔ esalamí |- |Hydrologie |boyebi ndenge ya mai |- |Astronomie |boyebi ndenga ya bitsɛngi |- |Logique |boyebi ndenge ya kokanisa |- |Mathématiques |Boyebi bonɛna ya bilɔkɔ |- |Zoologie |boyebi mitindo ya banyama |- |Agronomie |boyebi misala ya kolona bilanga |- |Médécine |boyebi mosala ya móngana |} == Traduction == * ''Jyografi'' ou ''Mambí ma Mokiti''? * ''Ekonomi'' ou Mambí ma mbɔ́ngo''? * ''Likambo'' ou ''Historia'' ou ''Lisolo'' ou ''Lisapo''? sources: 1: article [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] et autres; 2: project de la nouvelle page d'acceuil; 3/4: dictionnaire de Dzokanga --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 11:16, 23 novembere 2005 (UTC) 7304 2005-12-10T14:26:13Z Moyogo 11 Mes connaissances du lingála sont trop faible pour resoudre le problème suivant: Dans le dictionnaire de Dzokanga, les traductions suivantes me semble bien longue. Est-ce que l'on peut les racourcir? Sera-t-il correct d'écrire simplement ''mai'' au lieu de ''boyebi ndenge ya mai''? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:27, 23 novembere 2005 (UTC) {| |Architecture |Bwanya ntɔkɔ ya kotonga bandako |- |Syndicalisme |Boteyi mpe bolɛngɛli mibeko ya mosala |- |Géologie |boyebi ndenge ntɔtɔ esalamí |- |Hydrologie |boyebi ndenge ya mai |- |Astronomie |boyebi ndenga ya bitsɛngi |- |Logique |boyebi ndenge ya kokanisa |- |Mathématiques |Boyebi bonɛna ya bilɔkɔ |- |Zoologie |boyebi mitindo ya banyama |- |Agronomie |boyebi misala ya kolona bilanga |- |Médécine |boyebi mosala ya móngana |} == Traduction == * ''Jyografi'' ou ''Mambí ma Mokiti''? * ''Ekonomi'' ou Mambí ma mbɔ́ngo''? * ''Likambo'' ou ''Historia'' ou ''Lisolo'' ou ''Lisapo''? sources: 1: article [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] et autres; 2: project de la nouvelle page d'acceuil; 3/4: dictionnaire de Dzokanga --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 11:16, 23 novembere 2005 (UTC) Dans la traduction du projet de constitution "religion" est traduit par ''mambí ma eyamba''. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 14:26, 10 desembere 2005 (UTC) Category:Historia ya Afrika 1996 7004 2005-11-24T11:19:24Z 160.85.2.50 Category [[Category:Afrika]] 7269 2005-12-07T08:21:52Z 160.85.2.50 cat [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:Historia]] Category:Bisé ya Eropa 1997 7022 2005-11-24T11:51:32Z 160.85.2.50 Category [[Category:Bisé ya Mokili]] [[Category:Eropa]] 7558 2006-01-09T17:05:04Z Miaow Miaow 51 +interwiki [[Category:Bisé ya Mokili]] [[Category:Eropa]] [[af:Kategorie:Lande in Europa]] [[an:Category:Países d'Europa]] [[ar:تصنيف:دول أوروبا]] [[bg:Категория:Европейски държави]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Краіны Эўропы]] [[ca:Categoria:Estats d'Europa]] [[cs:Kategorie:Státy Evropy]] [[cv:Категори:Европăри патшалăхсем]] [[da:Kategori:Europæiske lande]] [[de:Kategorie:Land in Europa]] [[et:Kategooria:Euroopa maad]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Ευρωπαϊκά κράτη]] [[en:Category:European countries]] [[es:Categoría:Países de Europa]] [[eo:Kategorio:Eŭropaj landoj]] [[eu:Category:Europako Herrialdeak]] [[fa:Category:کشورهای اروپایی]] [[fr:Catégorie:Pays d'Europe]] [[ko:분류:유럽의 나라]] [[ht:Category:Peyi nan Ewòp]] [[is:Flokkur:Evrópulönd]] [[ka:კატეგორია:ევროპის ქვეყნები]] [[csb:Kategòrëjô:Eùropejsczé państwa]] [[la:Categoria:Nationes Europaeae]] [[lv:Category:Eiropas valstis]] [[lt:Category:Europos valstybės]] [[li:Kategorie:Europese len]] [[hu:Kategória:Európa országai]] [[mk:Категорија:Држави во Европа]] [[mt:Category:Pajjiżi ta' l-Ewropa]] [[mo:Category:Цэрь ын Еуропа]] [[nl:Categorie:Land in Europa]] [[no:Kategori:Land i Europa]] [[nn:Kategori:Land i Europa]] [[os:Категори:Европæйы бæстæтæ]] [[pl:Kategoria:Państwa Europy]] [[pt:Categoria:Países da Europa]] [[ro:Categorie:Ţări în Europa]] [[ru:Категория:Страны Европы]] [[simple:Category:European countries]] [[sk:Kategória:Európske štáty]] [[fi:Luokka:Euroopan valtiot]] [[sv:Kategori:Europas länder]] [[tl:Category:Mga bansa sa Europa]] [[th:Category:ประเทศในทวีปยุโรป]] [[uk:Категорія:Країни Європи]] [[fiu-vro:Category:Õuruupa riigiq]] [[zh:Category:欧洲国家]] 9425 2006-10-08T01:34:15Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: br, he, ja, oc, rmy, sr, sw, ta, tr, zh-min-nan, zh-yue Modifie: eu, sk [[Category:Bisé ya Mokili]] [[Category:Eropa]] [[af:Kategorie:Lande in Europa]] [[an:Categoría:Países d'Europa]] [[ar:تصنيف:دول أوروبا]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Краіны Эўропы]] [[bg:Категория:Европейски държави]] [[br:Rummad:Riez Europa]] [[ca:Categoria:Estats d'Europa]] [[cs:Kategorie:Státy Evropy]] [[csb:Kategòrëjô:Eùropejsczé państwa]] [[cv:Категори:Европăри патшалăхсем]] [[da:Kategori:Europæiske lande]] [[de:Kategorie:Land in Europa]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Ευρωπαϊκά κράτη]] [[en:Category:European countries]] [[eo:Kategorio:Eŭropaj landoj]] [[es:Categoría:Países de Europa]] [[et:Kategooria:Euroopa maad]] [[eu:Kategoria:Europako herrialdeak]] [[fa:رده:کشورهای اروپایی]] [[fi:Luokka:Euroopan valtiot]] [[fiu-vro:Category:Õuruupa riigiq]] [[fr:Catégorie:Pays d'Europe]] [[he:קטגוריה:מדינות אירופה]] [[ht:Category:Peyi nan Ewòp]] [[hu:Kategória:Európa országai]] [[is:Flokkur:Evrópulönd]] [[ja:Category:ヨーロッパの国々]] [[ka:კატეგორია:ევროპის ქვეყნები]] [[ko:분류:유럽의 나라]] [[la:Categoria:Nationes Europaeae]] [[li:Kategorie:Europese len]] [[lt:Kategorija:Europos valstybės]] [[lv:Kategorija:Eiropas valstis]] [[mk:Категорија:Држави во Европа]] [[mo:Category:Цэрь ын Еуропа]] [[mt:Category:Pajjiżi ta' l-Ewropa]] [[nl:Categorie:Land in Europa]] [[nn:Kategori:Land i Europa]] [[no:Kategori:Land i Europa]] [[oc:Categoria:País d'Euròpa]] [[os:Категори:Европæйы бæстæтæ]] [[pl:Kategoria:Państwa Europy]] [[pt:Categoria:Países da Europa]] [[rmy:Shopni:Europake thema]] [[ro:Categorie:Ţări în Europa]] [[ru:Категория:Страны Европы]] [[simple:Category:European countries]] [[sk:Kategória:Štáty v Európe]] [[sr:Категорија:Државе у Европи]] [[sv:Kategori:Europas länder]] [[sw:Category:Nchi za Ulaya]] [[ta:பகுப்பு:ஐரோப்பிய நாடுகள்]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:ประเทศในทวีปยุโรป]] [[tl:Category:Mga bansa sa Europa]] [[tr:Kategori:Avrupa ülkeleri]] [[uk:Категорія:Країни Європи]] [[zh:Category:欧洲国家]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Au-chiu kok-ka]] [[zh-yue:Category:歐洲國]] 9522 2006-10-19T04:37:56Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[cy:Categori:Gwledydd Ewrop]] [[Category:Bisé ya Mokili]] [[Category:Eropa]] [[af:Kategorie:Lande in Europa]] [[an:Categoría:Países d'Europa]] [[ar:تصنيف:دول أوروبا]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Краіны Эўропы]] [[bg:Категория:Европейски държави]] [[br:Rummad:Riez Europa]] [[ca:Categoria:Estats d'Europa]] [[cs:Kategorie:Státy Evropy]] [[csb:Kategòrëjô:Eùropejsczé państwa]] [[cv:Категори:Европăри патшалăхсем]] [[cy:Categori:Gwledydd Ewrop]] [[da:Kategori:Europæiske lande]] [[de:Kategorie:Land in Europa]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Ευρωπαϊκά κράτη]] [[en:Category:European countries]] [[eo:Kategorio:Eŭropaj landoj]] [[es:Categoría:Países de Europa]] [[et:Kategooria:Euroopa maad]] [[eu:Kategoria:Europako herrialdeak]] [[fa:رده:کشورهای اروپایی]] [[fi:Luokka:Euroopan valtiot]] [[fiu-vro:Category:Õuruupa riigiq]] [[fr:Catégorie:Pays d'Europe]] [[he:קטגוריה:מדינות אירופה]] [[ht:Category:Peyi nan Ewòp]] [[hu:Kategória:Európa országai]] [[is:Flokkur:Evrópulönd]] [[ja:Category:ヨーロッパの国々]] [[ka:კატეგორია:ევროპის ქვეყნები]] [[ko:분류:유럽의 나라]] [[la:Categoria:Nationes Europaeae]] [[li:Kategorie:Europese len]] [[lt:Kategorija:Europos valstybės]] [[lv:Kategorija:Eiropas valstis]] [[mk:Категорија:Држави во Европа]] [[mo:Category:Цэрь ын Еуропа]] [[mt:Category:Pajjiżi ta' l-Ewropa]] [[nl:Categorie:Land in Europa]] [[nn:Kategori:Land i Europa]] [[no:Kategori:Land i Europa]] [[oc:Categoria:País d'Euròpa]] [[os:Категори:Европæйы бæстæтæ]] [[pl:Kategoria:Państwa Europy]] [[pt:Categoria:Países da Europa]] [[rmy:Shopni:Europake thema]] [[ro:Categorie:Ţări în Europa]] [[ru:Категория:Страны Европы]] [[simple:Category:European countries]] [[sk:Kategória:Štáty v Európe]] [[sr:Категорија:Државе у Европи]] [[sv:Kategori:Europas länder]] [[sw:Category:Nchi za Ulaya]] [[ta:பகுப்பு:ஐரோப்பிய நாடுகள்]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:ประเทศในทวีปยุโรป]] [[tl:Category:Mga bansa sa Europa]] [[tr:Kategori:Avrupa ülkeleri]] [[uk:Категорія:Країни Європи]] [[zh:Category:欧洲国家]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Au-chiu kok-ka]] [[zh-yue:Category:歐洲國]] 9639 2006-10-28T02:58:45Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[vo:Category:Läns in Yurop]] [[Category:Bisé ya Mokili]] [[Category:Eropa]] [[af:Kategorie:Lande in Europa]] [[an:Categoría:Países d'Europa]] [[ar:تصنيف:دول أوروبا]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Краіны Эўропы]] [[bg:Категория:Европейски държави]] [[br:Rummad:Riez Europa]] [[ca:Categoria:Estats d'Europa]] [[cs:Kategorie:Státy Evropy]] [[csb:Kategòrëjô:Eùropejsczé państwa]] [[cv:Категори:Европăри патшалăхсем]] [[cy:Categori:Gwledydd Ewrop]] [[da:Kategori:Europæiske lande]] [[de:Kategorie:Land in Europa]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Ευρωπαϊκά κράτη]] [[en:Category:European countries]] [[eo:Kategorio:Eŭropaj landoj]] [[es:Categoría:Países de Europa]] [[et:Kategooria:Euroopa maad]] [[eu:Kategoria:Europako herrialdeak]] [[fa:رده:کشورهای اروپایی]] [[fi:Luokka:Euroopan valtiot]] [[fiu-vro:Category:Õuruupa riigiq]] [[fr:Catégorie:Pays d'Europe]] [[he:קטגוריה:מדינות אירופה]] [[ht:Category:Peyi nan Ewòp]] [[hu:Kategória:Európa országai]] [[is:Flokkur:Evrópulönd]] [[ja:Category:ヨーロッパの国々]] [[ka:კატეგორია:ევროპის ქვეყნები]] [[ko:분류:유럽의 나라]] [[la:Categoria:Nationes Europaeae]] [[li:Kategorie:Europese len]] [[lt:Kategorija:Europos valstybės]] [[lv:Kategorija:Eiropas valstis]] [[mk:Категорија:Држави во Европа]] [[mo:Category:Цэрь ын Еуропа]] [[mt:Category:Pajjiżi ta' l-Ewropa]] [[nl:Categorie:Land in Europa]] [[nn:Kategori:Land i Europa]] [[no:Kategori:Land i Europa]] [[oc:Categoria:País d'Euròpa]] [[os:Категори:Европæйы бæстæтæ]] [[pl:Kategoria:Państwa Europy]] [[pt:Categoria:Países da Europa]] [[rmy:Shopni:Europake thema]] [[ro:Categorie:Ţări în Europa]] [[ru:Категория:Страны Европы]] [[simple:Category:European countries]] [[sk:Kategória:Štáty v Európe]] [[sr:Категорија:Државе у Европи]] [[sv:Kategori:Europas länder]] [[sw:Category:Nchi za Ulaya]] [[ta:பகுப்பு:ஐரோப்பிய நாடுகள்]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:ประเทศในทวีปยุโรป]] [[tl:Category:Mga bansa sa Europa]] [[tr:Kategori:Avrupa ülkeleri]] [[uk:Категорія:Країни Європи]] [[vo:Category:Läns in Yurop]] [[zh:Category:欧洲国家]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Au-chiu kok-ka]] [[zh-yue:Category:歐洲國]] 9965 2006-12-14T02:07:08Z Escarbot 73 robot Modifie: [[de:Kategorie:Europa nach Staat]] [[Category:Bisé ya Mokili]] [[Category:Eropa]] [[af:Kategorie:Lande in Europa]] [[an:Categoría:Países d'Europa]] [[ar:تصنيف:دول أوروبا]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Краіны Эўропы]] [[bg:Категория:Европейски държави]] [[br:Rummad:Riez Europa]] [[ca:Categoria:Estats d'Europa]] [[cs:Kategorie:Státy Evropy]] [[csb:Kategòrëjô:Eùropejsczé państwa]] [[cv:Категори:Европăри патшалăхсем]] [[cy:Categori:Gwledydd Ewrop]] [[da:Kategori:Europæiske lande]] [[de:Kategorie:Europa nach Staat]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Ευρωπαϊκά κράτη]] [[en:Category:European countries]] [[eo:Kategorio:Eŭropaj landoj]] [[es:Categoría:Países de Europa]] [[et:Kategooria:Euroopa maad]] [[eu:Kategoria:Europako herrialdeak]] [[fa:رده:کشورهای اروپایی]] [[fi:Luokka:Euroopan valtiot]] [[fiu-vro:Category:Õuruupa riigiq]] [[fr:Catégorie:Pays d'Europe]] [[he:קטגוריה:מדינות אירופה]] [[ht:Category:Peyi nan Ewòp]] [[hu:Kategória:Európa országai]] [[is:Flokkur:Evrópulönd]] [[ja:Category:ヨーロッパの国々]] [[ka:კატეგორია:ევროპის ქვეყნები]] [[ko:분류:유럽의 나라]] [[la:Categoria:Nationes Europaeae]] [[li:Kategorie:Europese len]] [[lt:Kategorija:Europos valstybės]] [[lv:Kategorija:Eiropas valstis]] [[mk:Категорија:Држави во Европа]] [[mo:Category:Цэрь ын Еуропа]] [[mt:Category:Pajjiżi ta' l-Ewropa]] [[nl:Categorie:Land in Europa]] [[nn:Kategori:Land i Europa]] [[no:Kategori:Land i Europa]] [[oc:Categoria:País d'Euròpa]] [[os:Категори:Европæйы бæстæтæ]] [[pl:Kategoria:Państwa Europy]] [[pt:Categoria:Países da Europa]] [[rmy:Shopni:Europake thema]] [[ro:Categorie:Ţări în Europa]] [[ru:Категория:Страны Европы]] [[simple:Category:European countries]] [[sk:Kategória:Štáty v Európe]] [[sr:Категорија:Државе у Европи]] [[sv:Kategori:Europas länder]] [[sw:Category:Nchi za Ulaya]] [[ta:பகுப்பு:ஐரோப்பிய நாடுகள்]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:ประเทศในทวีปยุโรป]] [[tl:Category:Mga bansa sa Europa]] [[tr:Kategori:Avrupa ülkeleri]] [[uk:Категорія:Країни Європи]] [[vo:Category:Läns in Yurop]] [[zh:Category:欧洲国家]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Au-chiu kok-ka]] [[zh-yue:Category:歐洲國]] Category:Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ 1998 7023 2005-11-24T12:07:52Z 160.85.2.50 Category [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] Category:Swisi 1999 7025 2005-11-24T12:10:57Z 160.85.2.50 Category [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] Category:Lisangá 2000 7029 2005-11-25T18:25:39Z 129.132.1.4 '''Lisangá''' 7695 2006-02-07T13:45:21Z Bombo 12 '''Lisangá''' [[fr:Société]] Category:Zardɛ 2001 7031 2005-11-25T18:28:19Z 129.132.1.4 '''Zardɛ''' 7701 2006-02-07T13:54:39Z Bombo 12 fr: '''Zardɛ''' [[fr:Catégorie:Jardinage]] Category:Relijió 2002 7032 2005-11-25T18:29:41Z 129.132.1.4 '''Relijió''' 7564 2006-01-09T17:26:30Z Miaow Miaow 51 +interwiki '''Relijió''' [[af:Kategorie:Religie]] [[ar:تصنيف:ديانات]] [[ast:Categoría:Relixón]] [[bg:Категория:Религия]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Chong-kàu]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Рэлігія]] [[br:Rummad:Relijion]] [[ca:Categoria:Religió]] [[cs:Kategorie:Náboženství]] [[cv:Категори:Тěнсем]] [[da:Kategori:Religion]] [[de:Kategorie:Religion]] [[et:Kategooria:Religioon]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Θρησκεία]] [[en:Category:Religion]] [[es:Categoría:Religión]] [[eo:Kategorio:Religio]] [[eu:Category:Erlijioa]] [[fr:Catégorie:Religion]] [[fur:Categorie:Religjon]] [[ga:Catagóir:Reiligiún]] [[gl:Category:Relixión]] [[ko:분류:종교]] [[hr:Kategorija:Religija]] [[io:Category:Religii]] [[ia:Category:Religion]] [[is:Bólkur:Átrúnaður]] [[it:Categoria:Religione]] [[he:קטגוריה:דתות]] [[ka:კატეგორია:რელიგია]] [[kw:Category:Cryjyans]] [[sw:Category:Dini]] [[ku:Kategorî:Ol]] [[la:Categoria:Religiones]] [[lv:Category:Reliģija]] [[lb:Category:Relioun]] [[lt:Kategorija:Religija]] [[li:Kategorie:Religie]] [[hu:Kategória:Vallás]] [[ms:Category:Agama]] [[mt:Category:Reliġjon]] [[nl:Categorie:Religie]] [[nds:Kategorie:Religion]] [[ja:Category:宗教]] [[no:Kategori:Religion]] [[nn:Kategori:Religion og livssyn]] [[os:Категори:Дин]] [[pl:Kategoria:Religie]] [[pt:Categoria:Religião]] [[ro:Categorie:Religie]] [[ru:Категория:Религия]] [[scn:Category:Riliggiuni]] [[sk:Kategória:Náboženstvo]] [[sl:Category:Religija]] [[sr:Категорија:Религија]] [[sh:Category:Religija]] [[fi:Luokka:Uskonnot]] [[sv:Kategori:Religion]] [[tl:Category:Relihiyon]] [[tt:Törkem:Din]] [[th:Category:ศาสนา]] [[tr:Kategori:Din]] [[uk:Категорія:Релігія]] [[vi:Thể loại:Tôn giáo]] [[wa:Categoreye:Rilidjons]] [[zh:Category:宗教]] 9317 2006-09-03T08:58:09Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: bs, fo, fy, ht, id, jbo, jv, lmo, nah, nap, oc, sq, zh-yue Modifie: fi, is '''Relijió''' [[af:Kategorie:Religie]] [[ar:تصنيف:ديانات]] [[ast:Categoría:Relixón]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Рэлігія]] [[bg:Категория:Религия]] [[br:Rummad:Relijion]] [[bs:Kategorija:Vjera]] [[ca:Categoria:Religió]] [[cs:Kategorie:Náboženství]] [[cv:Категори:Тěнсем]] [[da:Kategori:Religion]] [[de:Kategorie:Religion]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Θρησκεία]] [[en:Category:Religion]] [[eo:Kategorio:Religio]] [[es:Categoría:Religión]] [[et:Kategooria:Religioon]] [[eu:Kategoria:Erlijioa]] [[fi:Luokka:Uskonto]] [[fo:Bólkur:Átrúnaður]] [[fr:Catégorie:Religion]] [[fur:Categorie:Religjon]] [[fy:Kategory:Religy]] [[ga:Catagóir:Reiligiún]] [[gl:Category:Relixión]] [[he:קטגוריה:דתות]] [[hr:Kategorija:Religija]] [[ht:Category:Relijyon]] [[hu:Kategória:Vallás]] [[ia:Categoria:Religion]] [[id:Kategori:Agama]] [[io:Category:Religii]] [[is:Flokkur:Trúarbrögð]] [[it:Categoria:Religione]] [[ja:Category:宗教]] [[jbo:Category:lijda]] [[jv:Kategori:Agama]] [[ka:კატეგორია:რელიგია]] [[ko:분류:종교]] [[ku:Kategorî:Ol]] [[kw:Category:Cryjyans]] [[la:Categoria:Religiones]] [[lb:Category:Relioun]] [[li:Kategorie:Religie]] [[lmo:Category:Religjun e credeenz]] [[lt:Kategorija:Religija]] [[lv:Kategorija:Reliģija]] [[ms:Kategori:Agama]] [[mt:Category:Reliġjon]] [[nah:Categoría:Teotlamatiliztli]] [[nap:Categoria:Religgione]] [[nds:Kategorie:Religion]] [[nl:Categorie:Religie]] [[nn:Kategori:Religion og livssyn]] [[no:Kategori:Religion]] [[oc:Categoria:Religion]] [[os:Категори:Дин]] [[pl:Kategoria:Religie]] [[pt:Categoria:Religião]] [[ro:Categorie:Religie]] [[ru:Категория:Религия]] [[scn:Category:Riliggiuni]] [[sh:Category:Religija]] [[sk:Kategória:Náboženstvo]] [[sl:Kategorija:Religija]] [[sq:Category:Feja]] [[sr:Категорија:Религија]] [[sv:Kategori:Religion]] [[sw:Category:Dini]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:ศาสนา]] [[tl:Category:Relihiyon]] [[tr:Kategori:Din]] [[tt:Törkem:Din]] [[uk:Категорія:Релігія]] [[vi:Thể loại:Tôn giáo]] [[wa:Categoreye:Rilidjons]] [[zh:Category:宗教]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Chong-kàu]] [[zh-yue:Category:宗教]] 9318 2006-09-03T10:36:03Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[nds-nl:Categorie:Religie]] '''Relijió''' [[af:Kategorie:Religie]] [[ar:تصنيف:ديانات]] [[ast:Categoría:Relixón]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Рэлігія]] [[bg:Категория:Религия]] [[br:Rummad:Relijion]] [[bs:Kategorija:Vjera]] [[ca:Categoria:Religió]] [[cs:Kategorie:Náboženství]] [[cv:Категори:Тěнсем]] [[da:Kategori:Religion]] [[de:Kategorie:Religion]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Θρησκεία]] [[en:Category:Religion]] [[eo:Kategorio:Religio]] [[es:Categoría:Religión]] [[et:Kategooria:Religioon]] [[eu:Kategoria:Erlijioa]] [[fi:Luokka:Uskonto]] [[fo:Bólkur:Átrúnaður]] [[fr:Catégorie:Religion]] [[fur:Categorie:Religjon]] [[fy:Kategory:Religy]] [[ga:Catagóir:Reiligiún]] [[gl:Category:Relixión]] [[he:קטגוריה:דתות]] [[hr:Kategorija:Religija]] [[ht:Category:Relijyon]] [[hu:Kategória:Vallás]] [[ia:Categoria:Religion]] [[id:Kategori:Agama]] [[io:Category:Religii]] [[is:Flokkur:Trúarbrögð]] [[it:Categoria:Religione]] [[ja:Category:宗教]] [[jbo:Category:lijda]] [[jv:Kategori:Agama]] [[ka:კატეგორია:რელიგია]] [[ko:분류:종교]] [[ku:Kategorî:Ol]] [[kw:Category:Cryjyans]] [[la:Categoria:Religiones]] [[lb:Category:Relioun]] [[li:Kategorie:Religie]] [[lmo:Category:Religjun e credeenz]] [[lt:Kategorija:Religija]] [[lv:Kategorija:Reliģija]] [[ms:Kategori:Agama]] [[mt:Category:Reliġjon]] [[nah:Categoría:Teotlamatiliztli]] [[nap:Categoria:Religgione]] [[nds:Kategorie:Religion]] [[nds-nl:Categorie:Religie]] [[nl:Categorie:Religie]] [[nn:Kategori:Religion og livssyn]] [[no:Kategori:Religion]] [[oc:Categoria:Religion]] [[os:Категори:Дин]] [[pl:Kategoria:Religie]] [[pt:Categoria:Religião]] [[ro:Categorie:Religie]] [[ru:Категория:Религия]] [[scn:Category:Riliggiuni]] [[sh:Category:Religija]] [[sk:Kategória:Náboženstvo]] [[sl:Kategorija:Religija]] [[sq:Category:Feja]] [[sr:Категорија:Религија]] [[sv:Kategori:Religion]] [[sw:Category:Dini]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:ศาสนา]] [[tl:Category:Relihiyon]] [[tr:Kategori:Din]] [[tt:Törkem:Din]] [[uk:Категорія:Релігія]] [[vi:Thể loại:Tôn giáo]] [[wa:Categoreye:Rilidjons]] [[zh:Category:宗教]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Chong-kàu]] [[zh-yue:Category:宗教]] 9441 2006-10-10T01:40:58Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[frp:Category:Religion]], [[lad:Category:Relijion]] '''Relijió''' [[af:Kategorie:Religie]] [[ar:تصنيف:ديانات]] [[ast:Categoría:Relixón]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Рэлігія]] [[bg:Категория:Религия]] [[br:Rummad:Relijion]] [[bs:Kategorija:Vjera]] [[ca:Categoria:Religió]] [[cs:Kategorie:Náboženství]] [[cv:Категори:Тěнсем]] [[da:Kategori:Religion]] [[de:Kategorie:Religion]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Θρησκεία]] [[en:Category:Religion]] [[eo:Kategorio:Religio]] [[es:Categoría:Religión]] [[et:Kategooria:Religioon]] [[eu:Kategoria:Erlijioa]] [[fi:Luokka:Uskonto]] [[fo:Bólkur:Átrúnaður]] [[fr:Catégorie:Religion]] [[frp:Category:Religion]] [[fur:Categorie:Religjon]] [[fy:Kategory:Religy]] [[ga:Catagóir:Reiligiún]] [[gl:Category:Relixión]] [[he:קטגוריה:דתות]] [[hr:Kategorija:Religija]] [[ht:Category:Relijyon]] [[hu:Kategória:Vallás]] [[ia:Categoria:Religion]] [[id:Kategori:Agama]] [[io:Category:Religii]] [[is:Flokkur:Trúarbrögð]] [[it:Categoria:Religione]] [[ja:Category:宗教]] [[jbo:Category:lijda]] [[jv:Kategori:Agama]] [[ka:კატეგორია:რელიგია]] [[ko:분류:종교]] [[ku:Kategorî:Ol]] [[kw:Category:Cryjyans]] [[la:Categoria:Religiones]] [[lad:Category:Relijion]] [[lb:Category:Relioun]] [[li:Kategorie:Religie]] [[lmo:Category:Religjun e credeenz]] [[lt:Kategorija:Religija]] [[lv:Kategorija:Reliģija]] [[ms:Kategori:Agama]] [[mt:Category:Reliġjon]] [[nah:Categoría:Teotlamatiliztli]] [[nap:Categoria:Religgione]] [[nds:Kategorie:Religion]] [[nds-nl:Categorie:Religie]] [[nl:Categorie:Religie]] [[nn:Kategori:Religion og livssyn]] [[no:Kategori:Religion]] [[oc:Categoria:Religion]] [[os:Категори:Дин]] [[pl:Kategoria:Religie]] [[pt:Categoria:Religião]] [[ro:Categorie:Religie]] [[ru:Категория:Религия]] [[scn:Category:Riliggiuni]] [[sh:Category:Religija]] [[sk:Kategória:Náboženstvo]] [[sl:Kategorija:Religija]] [[sq:Category:Feja]] [[sr:Категорија:Религија]] [[sv:Kategori:Religion]] [[sw:Category:Dini]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:ศาสนา]] [[tl:Category:Relihiyon]] [[tr:Kategori:Din]] [[tt:Törkem:Din]] [[uk:Категорія:Релігія]] [[vi:Thể loại:Tôn giáo]] [[wa:Categoreye:Rilidjons]] [[zh:Category:宗教]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Chong-kàu]] [[zh-yue:Category:宗教]] 9757 2006-11-13T11:29:00Z Bombo 12 cat '''Relijió''' [[Category:Lisangá]] [[af:Kategorie:Religie]] [[ar:تصنيف:ديانات]] [[ast:Categoría:Relixón]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Рэлігія]] [[bg:Категория:Религия]] [[br:Rummad:Relijion]] [[bs:Kategorija:Vjera]] [[ca:Categoria:Religió]] [[cs:Kategorie:Náboženství]] [[cv:Категори:Тěнсем]] [[da:Kategori:Religion]] [[de:Kategorie:Religion]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Θρησκεία]] [[en:Category:Religion]] [[eo:Kategorio:Religio]] [[es:Categoría:Religión]] [[et:Kategooria:Religioon]] [[eu:Kategoria:Erlijioa]] [[fi:Luokka:Uskonto]] [[fo:Bólkur:Átrúnaður]] [[fr:Catégorie:Religion]] [[frp:Category:Religion]] [[fur:Categorie:Religjon]] [[fy:Kategory:Religy]] [[ga:Catagóir:Reiligiún]] [[gl:Category:Relixión]] [[he:קטגוריה:דתות]] [[hr:Kategorija:Religija]] [[ht:Category:Relijyon]] [[hu:Kategória:Vallás]] [[ia:Categoria:Religion]] [[id:Kategori:Agama]] [[io:Category:Religii]] [[is:Flokkur:Trúarbrögð]] [[it:Categoria:Religione]] [[ja:Category:宗教]] [[jbo:Category:lijda]] [[jv:Kategori:Agama]] [[ka:კატეგორია:რელიგია]] [[ko:분류:종교]] [[ku:Kategorî:Ol]] [[kw:Category:Cryjyans]] [[la:Categoria:Religiones]] [[lad:Category:Relijion]] [[lb:Category:Relioun]] [[li:Kategorie:Religie]] [[lmo:Category:Religjun e credeenz]] [[lt:Kategorija:Religija]] [[lv:Kategorija:Reliģija]] [[ms:Kategori:Agama]] [[mt:Category:Reliġjon]] [[nah:Categoría:Teotlamatiliztli]] [[nap:Categoria:Religgione]] [[nds:Kategorie:Religion]] [[nds-nl:Categorie:Religie]] [[nl:Categorie:Religie]] [[nn:Kategori:Religion og livssyn]] [[no:Kategori:Religion]] [[oc:Categoria:Religion]] [[os:Категори:Дин]] [[pl:Kategoria:Religie]] [[pt:Categoria:Religião]] [[ro:Categorie:Religie]] [[ru:Категория:Религия]] [[scn:Category:Riliggiuni]] [[sh:Category:Religija]] [[sk:Kategória:Náboženstvo]] [[sl:Kategorija:Religija]] [[sq:Category:Feja]] [[sr:Категорија:Религија]] [[sv:Kategori:Religion]] [[sw:Category:Dini]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:ศาสนา]] [[tl:Category:Relihiyon]] [[tr:Kategori:Din]] [[tt:Törkem:Din]] [[uk:Категорія:Релігія]] [[vi:Thể loại:Tôn giáo]] [[wa:Categoreye:Rilidjons]] [[zh:Category:宗教]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Chong-kàu]] [[zh-yue:Category:宗教]] Category:Boyebi milona 2004 7034 2005-11-25T18:35:32Z 129.132.1.4 ? 7691 2006-02-07T13:38:58Z Bombo 12 fr: [[fr:Catégorie:Botanique]] 8040 2006-04-20T13:00:01Z Bombo 12 interwiki [[an:Category:Botanica]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Батаніка]] [[bg:Категория:Ботаника]] [[br:Rummad:Botanik]] [[ca:Categoria:Botànica]] [[cs:Kategorie:Botanika]] [[da:Kategori:Botanik]] [[de:Kategorie:Botanik]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Βοτανική]] [[en:Category:Botany]] [[eo:Kategorio:Botaniko]] [[es:Categoría:Botánica]] [[et:Kategooria:Botaanika]] [[eu:Kategoria:Botanika]] [[fi:Luokka:Kasvitiede]] [[fur:Categorie:Botaniche]] [[gl:Category:Botánica]] [[he:קטגוריה:בוטניקה]] [[hr:Kategorija:Botanika]] [[io:Category:Botaniko]] [[is:Flokkur:Grasafræði]] [[it:Categoria:Botanica]] [[ja:Category:植物学]] [[ko:분류:식물학]] [[kw:Category:Losonieth]] [[lb:Category:Botanik]] [[lt:Kategorija:Botanika]] [[mk:Категорија:Ботаника]] [[mt:Category:Botanika]] [[nds:Kategorie:Botanik]] [[nl:Categorie:Plantkunde]] [[os:Категори:Ботаникæ]] [[pl:Kategoria:Botanika]] [[pt:Categoria:Botânica]] [[ro:Categorie:Botanică]] [[ru:Категория:Ботаника]] [[sh:Category:Botanika]] [[sk:Kategória:Botanika]] [[sl:Kategorija:Botanika]] [[sr:Категорија:Ботаника]] [[sv:Kategori:Botanik]] [[th:Category:พฤกษศาสตร์]] [[tr:Kategori:Botanik]] [[uk:Категорія:Ботаніка]] [[vi:Thể loại:Thực vật học]] [[zh:Category:植物學]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Si̍t-bu̍t-ha̍k]] Category:Radio 2005 7036 2005-11-25T18:40:17Z 129.132.1.4 '''Radio''' 7037 2005-11-25T18:43:16Z 129.132.1.4 category '''Radio''' [[Category:Mikanda ya nsango]] 7670 2006-02-07T12:19:29Z Bombo 12 '''Radio''' [[Category:Mikanda ya nsango]] [[category:Fízíkí]] 7694 2006-02-07T13:41:52Z Bombo 12 fr: '''Radio''' [[Category:Mikanda ya nsango]] [[category:Fízíkí]] [[fr:Catégorie:Radio]] 7842 2006-03-10T17:44:35Z Bombo 12 '''Radio''' * [[La Voix du Congo]] * [[Raga FM]] [[Category:Mikanda ya nsango]] [[category:Fízíkí]] [[fr:Catégorie:Radio]] 8037 2006-04-20T12:53:44Z Bombo 12 '''Radio''' * [[La Voix du Congo]] * [[Radio Okapi]] * [[Raga FM]] [[Category:Mikanda ya nsango]] [[category:Fízíkí]] [[fr:Catégorie:Radio]] 10027 2006-12-21T13:36:16Z 160.85.2.50 '''Radio''' * [[La Voix du Congo]] ==== Publiques ==== * [[RTNC]], radio nationales avec canaux régionaux ==== Humanitaires ==== * [[Radio Okapi]], couverture nationale avec canaux régionaux ==== Communautaires ==== * [[Radio Réveil FM]], à Kinshasa et [[Lubumbashi]] * [[Radio Communautaire de Muanda]] (RCM), à [[Muanda]] * [[Radio Communautaire de Mbanza Ngungu]] (Radio NTEMO), à [[Mbanza Ngungu]] * [[Radio Evangélique de Muanda]] (RTEM), à [[Muanda]] * [[Radio Télé Boma]] (RTB), à [[Boma]] * [[Radio Osase]], radio communautaire à [[Tshumbe]] ([[Kasaï-Oriental]]) ==== Confessionelles ==== * [[Elikya]], à Kinshasa * [[Radio Canal CVV]] (Le Chemin, la Vérité et la Vie), à Kinshasa * [[Radio ECC]], à Kinshasa * [[Radio Kintuadi]], à Kinshasa et au [[Bas-Congo]] ([[Matadi]], Boma, Mbanza Ngungu) * [[Radio Kahuzi]], à [[Bukavu]] * [[Radio Lumière]], à Kinshasa * [[Radio Méthodiste Lokole]], à Kinshasa * [[Radio Parole Éternelle]], à Kinshasa * [[Radio Sango Malamu]], à Kinshasa * [[Radio Sentinelle]], à Kinshasa * [[Radio Sumbula]], à Kinshasa * [[Radio Télé Armée de l'Éternel]], à Kinshasa * [[Radio Télé Message de Vie]], à Kinshasa * [[Radio Télé Puissance]], à Kinshasa * [[Radio Télévision Dieu Vivant]], à Kinshasa * [[Radio Télévision kimbanguiste]] (RATELKI), à Kinshasa * [[Radio Universelle]], à Kinshasa * [[Radio Vuvu Kieto]] à Mbanza Ngungu ==== Commerciales ==== * [[Canal Futur]], à Kinshasa * [[Concorde FM]], au [[Kasaï-Occidental]] * [[Digital Congo FM]], à Kinshasa * [[La Voix du Peuple]], à [[Bunia]] * [[Mangembo FM]], à Kinshasa * [[Radio Bukavu]], à [[Bukavu]] * [[Radio Kisangani]], à [[Kisangani]] * [[Radio Malebo Broadcast Chanel]] (MBC), à Kinshasa * [[Radio Mbuji-Mayi]], à [[Mbuji-Mayi]] * [[Radio Mwangaza]], à Lubumbashi * [[Radio Liberté Kinshasa]], à Kinshasa * [[Radio Lubumbashi]], à Lubumbashi * [[Radio Télé Groupe L'Avenir]] (RTGA), à Kinshasa * [[Radio Télé Kin Malebo]] (RTKM), à Kinshasa * [[Raga FM]], à Kinshasa * [[Top Congo FM]], à Kinshasa [[Category:Mikanda ya nsango]] [[category:Fízíkí]] [[fr:Catégorie:Radio]] Category:Mikanda ya nsango 2006 7038 2005-11-25T18:43:31Z 129.132.1.4 '''Mikanda ya nsango''' 7843 2006-03-10T17:46:37Z Bombo 12 '''Mikanda ya nsango''' Presse * [[L'Avenir]] * [[Boyoma]] * [[Elima]] * [[Mjumbe]] * [[L'Observateur]] * [[Le Palmares]] * [[Le Potentiel]] * [[La Reference Plus]] * [[Le Soft]] TV * [[Antenne A]] * [[Canal Z]] * [[Canal Kin]] * [[Radiotelevision Kin Malebo]] (RTKM) * [[Radio-Television Nationale Congolaise]] (RTNC) * [[Raga TV]] * [[Television Congolaise]] 8036 2006-04-20T12:51:40Z Bombo 12 interwiki '''Mikanda ya nsango''' Presse * [[L'Avenir]] * [[Boyoma]] * [[Elima]] * [[Mjumbe]] * [[L'Observateur]] * [[Le Palmares]] * [[Le Potentiel]] * [[La Reference Plus]] * [[Le Soft]] TV * [[Antenne A]] * [[Canal Z]] * [[Canal Kin]] * [[Radiotelevision Kin Malebo]] (RTKM) * [[Radio-Television Nationale Congolaise]] (RTNC) * [[Raga TV]] * [[Television Congolaise]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Сродкі масавай інфармацыі]] [[cs:Kategorie:Sdělovací prostředky]] [[de:Kategorie:Medien]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Μέσα Μαζικής Ενημέρωσης]] [[en:Category:Mass media]] [[es:Categoría:Medios de comunicación]] [[hu:Kategória:Média]] [[id:Kategori:Media massa]] [[it:Categoria:Media]] [[ja:Category:マスメディア]] [[ko:분류:대중 매체]] [[nl:Categorie:Media]] [[no:Kategori:Medier]] [[ru:Категория:Средства массовой информации]] [[sv:Kategori:Massmedier]] [[tr:Kategori:Medya]] [[wa:Categoreye:Medias]] [[zh:Category:大眾媒體]] 8503 2006-07-01T14:30:39Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: ca, cy, fr, hr, pl, th '''Mikanda ya nsango''' Presse * [[L'Avenir]] * [[Boyoma]] * [[Elima]] * [[Mjumbe]] * [[L'Observateur]] * [[Le Palmares]] * [[Le Potentiel]] * [[La Reference Plus]] * [[Le Soft]] TV * [[Antenne A]] * [[Canal Z]] * [[Canal Kin]] * [[Radiotelevision Kin Malebo]] (RTKM) * [[Radio-Television Nationale Congolaise]] (RTNC) * [[Raga TV]] * [[Television Congolaise]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Сродкі масавай інфармацыі]] [[ca:Categoria:Mitjans de comunicació]] [[cs:Kategorie:Sdělovací prostředky]] [[cy:Categori:Cyfryngau torfol]] [[de:Kategorie:Medien]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Μέσα Μαζικής Ενημέρωσης]] [[en:Category:Mass media]] [[es:Categoría:Medios de comunicación]] [[fr:Catégorie:Médias]] [[hr:Mediji]] [[hu:Kategória:Média]] [[id:Kategori:Media massa]] [[it:Categoria:Media]] [[ja:Category:マスメディア]] [[ko:분류:대중 매체]] [[nl:Categorie:Media]] [[no:Kategori:Medier]] [[pl:Kategoria:Media]] [[ru:Категория:Средства массовой информации]] [[sv:Kategori:Massmedier]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:สื่อสารมวลชน]] [[tr:Kategori:Medya]] [[wa:Categoreye:Medias]] [[zh:Category:大眾媒體]] Category:Bisé ya Mokili 2007 7039 2005-11-25T18:45:09Z 129.132.1.4 '''Bisé ya Mokili''' 7277 2005-12-07T08:47:03Z 160.85.2.50 cat, interwiki '''Bisé ya Mokili''' [[Category:Jyografi]] [[fr:Catégorie:Pays du monde]] 7556 2006-01-09T16:54:51Z Miaow Miaow 51 more interwikis '''Bisé ya Mokili''' [[Category:Jyografi]] [[af:Kategorie:Lande]] [[als:Kategorie:Land]] [[ang:Category:Land]] [[ar:تصنيف:عضو الأمم المتحدة]] [[an:Category:Países]] [[ast:Categoría:Países]] [[bg:Категория:Държави]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Kok-ka]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Краіны]] [[bs:Category:Države Svijeta]] [[br:Rummad:Riezoù ar Bed]] [[cv:Category:Патшалăхсем]] [[da:Kategori:Verdens lande]] [[de:Kategorie:Staat]] [[et:Kategooria:Maailma maad]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Χώρες]] <!-- [[en:Category:Countries]] --> [[es:Categoría:Países]] [[eo:Kategorio:Landoj]] [[fa:Category:کشورها]] [[fr:Catégorie:Pays du monde]] [[fur:Categorie:Stâts dal mont]] [[ga:Catagóir:Tíortha]] [[gl:Category:Países]] [[ko:분류:나라]] [[hi:श्रेणी:देश]] [[hr:Kategorija:Države svijeta]] [[io:Category:Stati]] [[ilo:Category:Pagilian]] [[id:Kategori:Negara]] [[ia:Category:Pais]] [[is:Flokkur:Lönd]] [[it:Categoria:Nazioni]] [[he:קטגוריה:מדינות העולם]] [[ka:კატეგორია:ქვეყნები]] [[kk:Category:Мемлекеттер]] [[ku:Kategorî:Welat]] [[la:Categoria:Nationes]] [[lv:Category:Valstis]] [[lt:Kategorija:Valstybės]] [[hu:Kategória:Országok]] [[mt:Category:Pajjiżi]] [[mo:Category:Цэрь]] [[nah:Category:Altepetl]] [[na:Category:Eb]] [[nl:Categorie:Land]] [[nds:Kategorie:Land]] [[ja:Category:国]] [[no:Kategori:Land]] [[nn:Kategori:Land]] [[oc:Category:Païses]] [[os:Категори:Бæстæтæ]] [[pl:Kategoria:Państwa świata]] [[pt:Categoria:Países do mundo]] [[ro:Categorie:Ţări]] [[rm:Category:Stadi]] [[ru:Категория:Страны]] [[sco:Category:Kintras]] [[scn:Category:Nazzioni]] [[sq:Category:Shtet]] [[simple:Category:Countries]] [[sk:Kategória:Štáty]] [[sl:Category:Države]] [[sr:Категорија:Државе]] [[sh:Category:Države svijeta]] [[fi:Luokka:Valtiot]] [[sv:Kategori:Världens länder]] [[tl:Category:Mga bansa]] [[ta:பகுப்பு:நாடுகள்]] [[tt:Törkem:Däwlätlär]] [[th:Category:ประเทศ]] [[vi:Thể loại:Quốc gia]] [[tpi:Category:Kantri]] [[tr:Kategori:Ülkeler]] [[uk:Категорія:Країни]] [[wa:Categoreye:Payis]] [[yi:Category:לענדער]] [[zh:Category:国家]] 7565 2006-01-09T19:55:07Z Moyogo 11 interwiki en '''Bisé ya Mokili''' [[Category:Jyografi]] [[af:Kategorie:Lande]] [[als:Kategorie:Land]] [[ang:Category:Land]] [[ar:تصنيف:عضو الأمم المتحدة]] [[an:Category:Países]] [[ast:Categoría:Países]] [[bg:Категория:Държави]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Kok-ka]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Краіны]] [[bs:Category:Države Svijeta]] [[br:Rummad:Riezoù ar Bed]] [[cv:Category:Патшалăхсем]] [[da:Kategori:Verdens lande]] [[de:Kategorie:Staat]] [[et:Kategooria:Maailma maad]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Χώρες]] [[en:Category:Countries]] [[es:Categoría:Países]] [[eo:Kategorio:Landoj]] [[fa:Category:کشورها]] [[fr:Catégorie:Pays du monde]] [[fur:Categorie:Stâts dal mont]] [[ga:Catagóir:Tíortha]] [[gl:Category:Países]] [[ko:분류:나라]] [[hi:श्रेणी:देश]] [[hr:Kategorija:Države svijeta]] [[io:Category:Stati]] [[ilo:Category:Pagilian]] [[id:Kategori:Negara]] [[ia:Category:Pais]] [[is:Flokkur:Lönd]] [[it:Categoria:Nazioni]] [[he:קטגוריה:מדינות העולם]] [[ka:კატეგორია:ქვეყნები]] [[kk:Category:Мемлекеттер]] [[ku:Kategorî:Welat]] [[la:Categoria:Nationes]] [[lv:Category:Valstis]] [[lt:Kategorija:Valstybės]] [[hu:Kategória:Országok]] [[mt:Category:Pajjiżi]] [[mo:Category:Цэрь]] [[nah:Category:Altepetl]] [[na:Category:Eb]] [[nl:Categorie:Land]] [[nds:Kategorie:Land]] [[ja:Category:国]] [[no:Kategori:Land]] [[nn:Kategori:Land]] [[oc:Category:Païses]] [[os:Категори:Бæстæтæ]] [[pl:Kategoria:Państwa świata]] [[pt:Categoria:Países do mundo]] [[ro:Categorie:Ţări]] [[rm:Category:Stadi]] [[ru:Категория:Страны]] [[sco:Category:Kintras]] [[scn:Category:Nazzioni]] [[sq:Category:Shtet]] [[simple:Category:Countries]] [[sk:Kategória:Štáty]] [[sl:Category:Države]] [[sr:Категорија:Државе]] [[sh:Category:Države svijeta]] [[fi:Luokka:Valtiot]] [[sv:Kategori:Världens länder]] [[tl:Category:Mga bansa]] [[ta:பகுப்பு:நாடுகள்]] [[tt:Törkem:Däwlätlär]] [[th:Category:ประเทศ]] [[vi:Thể loại:Quốc gia]] [[tpi:Category:Kantri]] [[tr:Kategori:Ülkeler]] [[uk:Категорія:Країни]] [[wa:Categoreye:Payis]] [[yi:Category:לענדער]] [[zh:Category:国家]] 9451 2006-10-11T05:13:16Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: cs, lad, lo, ms, pdc, rmy, su, sw, udm, zh-yue Modifie: ar, nah '''Bisé ya Mokili''' [[Category:Jyografi]] [[af:Kategorie:Lande]] [[als:Kategorie:Land]] [[an:Categoría:Países]] [[ang:Category:Land]] [[ar:تصنيف:دول]] [[ast:Categoría:Países]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Краіны]] [[bg:Категория:Държави]] [[br:Rummad:Riezoù ar Bed]] [[bs:Kategorija:Države Svijeta]] [[cs:Kategorie:Státy a území]] [[cv:Категори:Патшалăхсем]] [[da:Kategori:Verdens lande]] [[de:Kategorie:Staat]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Χώρες]] [[en:Category:Countries]] [[eo:Kategorio:Landoj]] [[es:Categoría:Países]] [[et:Kategooria:Maailma maad]] [[fa:رده:کشورها]] [[fi:Luokka:Valtiot]] [[fr:Catégorie:Pays du monde]] [[fur:Categorie:Stâts dal mont]] [[ga:Catagóir:Tíortha]] [[gl:Category:Países]] [[he:קטגוריה:מדינות העולם]] [[hi:श्रेणी:देश]] [[hr:Kategorija:Države svijeta]] [[hu:Kategória:Országok]] [[ia:Categoria:Pais]] [[id:Kategori:Negara]] [[ilo:Category:Pagilian]] [[io:Category:Stati]] [[is:Flokkur:Lönd]] [[it:Categoria:Nazioni]] [[ja:Category:国]] [[ka:კატეგორია:ქვეყნები]] [[kk:Category:Мемлекеттер]] [[ko:분류:나라]] [[ku:Kategorî:Welat]] [[la:Categoria:Nationes]] [[lad:Category:Paises]] [[lo:Category:ປະເທດ]] [[lt:Kategorija:Valstybės]] [[lv:Kategorija:Valstis]] [[mo:Category:Цэрь]] [[ms:Kategori:Negara]] [[mt:Category:Pajjiżi]] [[na:Category:Eb]] [[nah:Categoría:Altépetl]] [[nds:Kategorie:Land]] [[nl:Categorie:Land]] [[nn:Kategori:Land]] [[no:Kategori:Land]] [[oc:Categoria:Païses]] [[os:Категори:Бæстæтæ]] [[pdc:Category:Lenner]] [[pl:Kategoria:Państwa świata]] [[pt:Categoria:Países do mundo]] [[rm:Category:Stadi]] [[rmy:Shopni:Thema]] [[ro:Categorie:Ţări]] [[ru:Категория:Страны]] [[scn:Category:Nazzioni]] [[sco:Category:Kintras]] [[sh:Category:Države svijeta]] [[simple:Category:Countries]] [[sk:Kategória:Štáty]] [[sl:Kategorija:Države]] [[sq:Category:Shtet]] [[sr:Категорија:Државе]] [[su:Kategori:Nagara]] [[sv:Kategori:Världens länder]] [[sw:Category:Nchi]] [[ta:பகுப்பு:நாடுகள்]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:ประเทศ]] [[tl:Category:Mga bansa]] [[tpi:Category:Kantri]] [[tr:Kategori:Ülkeler]] [[tt:Törkem:Däwlätlär]] [[udm:Категория:Кунъёс но шаеръёс]] [[uk:Категорія:Країни]] [[vi:Thể loại:Quốc gia]] [[wa:Categoreye:Payis]] [[yi:קאַטעגאָריע:לענדער]] [[zh:Category:国家]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Kok-ka]] [[zh-yue:Category:國]] 9452 2006-10-11T05:38:37Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[nds-nl:Categorie:Laand]] '''Bisé ya Mokili''' [[Category:Jyografi]] [[af:Kategorie:Lande]] [[als:Kategorie:Land]] [[an:Categoría:Países]] [[ang:Category:Land]] [[ar:تصنيف:دول]] [[ast:Categoría:Países]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Краіны]] [[bg:Категория:Държави]] [[br:Rummad:Riezoù ar Bed]] [[bs:Kategorija:Države Svijeta]] [[cs:Kategorie:Státy a území]] [[cv:Категори:Патшалăхсем]] [[da:Kategori:Verdens lande]] [[de:Kategorie:Staat]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Χώρες]] [[en:Category:Countries]] [[eo:Kategorio:Landoj]] [[es:Categoría:Países]] [[et:Kategooria:Maailma maad]] [[fa:رده:کشورها]] [[fi:Luokka:Valtiot]] [[fr:Catégorie:Pays du monde]] [[fur:Categorie:Stâts dal mont]] [[ga:Catagóir:Tíortha]] [[gl:Category:Países]] [[he:קטגוריה:מדינות העולם]] [[hi:श्रेणी:देश]] [[hr:Kategorija:Države svijeta]] [[hu:Kategória:Országok]] [[ia:Categoria:Pais]] [[id:Kategori:Negara]] [[ilo:Category:Pagilian]] [[io:Category:Stati]] [[is:Flokkur:Lönd]] [[it:Categoria:Nazioni]] [[ja:Category:国]] [[ka:კატეგორია:ქვეყნები]] [[kk:Category:Мемлекеттер]] [[ko:분류:나라]] [[ku:Kategorî:Welat]] [[la:Categoria:Nationes]] [[lad:Category:Paises]] [[lo:Category:ປະເທດ]] [[lt:Kategorija:Valstybės]] [[lv:Kategorija:Valstis]] [[mo:Category:Цэрь]] [[ms:Kategori:Negara]] [[mt:Category:Pajjiżi]] [[na:Category:Eb]] [[nah:Categoría:Altépetl]] [[nds:Kategorie:Land]] [[nds-nl:Categorie:Laand]] [[nl:Categorie:Land]] [[nn:Kategori:Land]] [[no:Kategori:Land]] [[oc:Categoria:Païses]] [[os:Категори:Бæстæтæ]] [[pdc:Category:Lenner]] [[pl:Kategoria:Państwa świata]] [[pt:Categoria:Países do mundo]] [[rm:Category:Stadi]] [[rmy:Shopni:Thema]] [[ro:Categorie:Ţări]] [[ru:Категория:Страны]] [[scn:Category:Nazzioni]] [[sco:Category:Kintras]] [[sh:Category:Države svijeta]] [[simple:Category:Countries]] [[sk:Kategória:Štáty]] [[sl:Kategorija:Države]] [[sq:Category:Shtet]] [[sr:Категорија:Државе]] [[su:Kategori:Nagara]] [[sv:Kategori:Världens länder]] [[sw:Category:Nchi]] [[ta:பகுப்பு:நாடுகள்]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:ประเทศ]] [[tl:Category:Mga bansa]] [[tpi:Category:Kantri]] [[tr:Kategori:Ülkeler]] [[tt:Törkem:Däwlätlär]] [[udm:Категория:Кунъёс но шаеръёс]] [[uk:Категорія:Країни]] [[vi:Thể loại:Quốc gia]] [[wa:Categoreye:Payis]] [[yi:קאַטעגאָריע:לענדער]] [[zh:Category:国家]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Kok-ka]] [[zh-yue:Category:國]] Category:Turismɛ 2009 7045 2005-11-28T09:44:19Z 160.85.2.50 '''turismɛ''' 7700 2006-02-07T13:53:48Z Bombo 12 fr: '''turismɛ''' [[fr:Catégorie:Tourisme]] Justine Kitubu Kamanda 2010 7049 2005-11-29T12:11:33Z 160.85.2.50 nouveau / lingála à vérifier '''Justine Kitubu Kamanda''' azali [[bourgemestre]] ya [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)|La Gombe]]. Nommée le [[8 yuli]] [[2005]] par [[Joseph Kabila]]. {{ndámbo}} 7458 2006-01-01T12:17:14Z 160.85.2.50 '''Justine Kitubu Kamanda''' azali [[bourgemestre]] ya [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)|La Gombe]]. Bonakiye na mokoloya [[8 yuli]] [[2005]] na [[Joseph Kabila]]. {{ndámbo}} 7467 2006-01-03T16:59:21Z Bombo 12 cat '''Justine Kitubu Kamanda''' azali [[bourgemestre]] ya [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)|La Gombe]]. Bonakiye na mokoloya [[8 yuli]] [[2005]] na [[Joseph Kabila]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Moto wa politiki ya Kisasa]] [[category:Kisasa]] 7468 2006-01-03T17:02:38Z Bombo 12 cat '''Justine Kitubu Kamanda''' azali [[bourgemestre]] ya [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)|La Gombe]]. Bonakiye na mokoloya [[8 yuli]] [[2005]] na [[Joseph Kabila]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Moto wa politiki ya Kisásá]] [[category:Kisásá]] 8702 2006-07-01T20:25:13Z Bombo 12 typo '''Justine Kitubu Kamanda''' azali [[bourgemestre]] ya [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)|La Gombe]]. Bonakiye na mokoloya [[8 yuli]] [[2005]] na [[Joseph Kabila]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Moto wa politiki ya Kinsásá]] [[category:Kinsásá]] 8916 2006-07-17T15:01:01Z Moyogo 11 '''Justine {{smcp|Kitubu}} Kamanda''' azali [[bourgemestre]] ya [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)|La Gombe]]. Bonakiye na mokoloya [[8 yuli]] [[2005]] na [[Joseph Kabila]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Moto wa politiki ya Kinsásá]] [[category:Kinsásá]] MediaWiki:Badsig 2011 sysop 7052 2005-11-29T21:17:24Z MediaWiki default Invalid raw signature; check HTML tags. MediaWiki:Exif-exposuretime-format 2012 sysop 7055 2005-11-29T21:17:24Z MediaWiki default $1 sec ($2) MediaWiki:Exif-fnumber-format 2013 sysop 7056 2005-11-29T21:17:24Z MediaWiki default f/$1 MediaWiki:Exif-focallength-format 2014 sysop 7057 2005-11-29T21:17:24Z MediaWiki default $1 mm MediaWiki:Metadata-collapse 2015 sysop 7060 2005-11-29T21:17:26Z MediaWiki default Hide extended details MediaWiki:Metadata-expand 2016 sysop 7061 2005-11-29T21:17:26Z MediaWiki default Show extended details MediaWiki:Metadata-fields 2017 sysop 7062 2005-11-29T21:17:26Z MediaWiki default EXIF metadata fields listed in this message will be included on image page display when the metadata table is collapsed. Others will be hidden by default. * make * model * datetimeoriginal * exposuretime * fnumber * focallength MediaWiki:Metadata-help 2018 sysop 7063 2005-11-29T21:17:26Z MediaWiki default This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details may not fully reflect the modified image. MediaWiki:Privacy 2019 sysop 7065 2005-11-29T21:17:26Z MediaWiki default Privacy policy MediaWiki:Privacypage 2020 sysop 7066 2005-11-29T21:17:26Z MediaWiki default Project:Privacy_policy User:Korg/monobook.js 2021 7076 2005-11-29T22:34:13Z Korg 30 document.write('<SCRIPT SRC="http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Korg/monobook.js&action=raw&ctype=text/javascript"><\/SCRIPT>'); MediaWiki:Gotaccount 2022 sysop 7086 2005-12-02T02:29:54Z MediaWiki default Already got an account? $1. 8553 2006-07-01T18:57:57Z MediaWiki default Already have an account? $1. MediaWiki:Gotaccountlink 2023 sysop 7087 2005-12-02T02:29:54Z MediaWiki default Log in MediaWiki:Nologin 2024 sysop 7095 2005-12-02T02:29:55Z MediaWiki default Don't have a login? $1. MediaWiki:Nologinlink 2025 sysop 7096 2005-12-02T02:29:55Z MediaWiki default Create an account MediaWiki:Signupend 2026 sysop 7101 2005-12-02T02:29:55Z MediaWiki default {{int:loginend}} MediaWiki:Wrongpasswordempty 2027 sysop 7117 2005-12-02T02:29:57Z MediaWiki default Password entered was blank. Please try again. MediaWiki:Edittools 2028 sysop 7122 2005-12-02T04:04:50Z MediaWiki default <!-- Text here will be shown below edit and upload forms. --> Lialemani 2030 7139 2005-12-03T22:29:16Z Moyogo 11 [[Lialemani]] moved to [[Lialémani]] #REDIRECT [[Lialémani]] Mobeko Likonzi mwa sika 2031 7179 2005-12-04T14:45:30Z Themalau 22 [[Mobeko Likonzi mwa sika]] moved to [[Mobeko Likonzi mwa sika mwa Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]: Esengeli ete tokesenisa Mobeko likonzi ya bikolo na bikolo. Yango wana na bakisi RKD na suka ya nkombo ya ekakoli oyo. #REDIRECT [[Mobeko Likonzi mwa sika mwa Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] MediaWiki talk:Edittools 2032 7189 2005-12-05T09:46:30Z Gangleri 43 [[MediaZilla:04100]] see [[MediaZilla:04100]] &ndash; Make CharInsert available on [[Special:Upload]] and [[w:en:MediaWiki:Edittools]] regards [[User:Gangleri|Gangleri]] 09:46, 5 desembere 2005 (UTC) User:Gangleri 2033 7190 2005-12-05T09:48:28Z Gangleri 43 __NOTOC____NOEDITSECTION__ ===== [[commons:User:Gangleri]] ===== [[Image:Redirect arrow without text.png|left]] ::* [[wikipedia:de:Benutzer:Gangleri]] ::* [[wikipedia:en:User:Gangleri]] ::* [[wikipedia:eo:Vikipediisto:Gangleri]] ::* [[wikipedia:is:Notandi:Gangleri]] ::* [[wikipedia:ro:Utilizator:Gangleri]] ::* [[wikipedia:yi:באַניצער:Gangleri]] ::* '''[[meta:User:Gangleri]]''' 7191 2005-12-05T09:55:55Z Gangleri 43 __NOTOC____NOEDITSECTION__ ===== [[commons:User:Gangleri]] ===== [[Image:Redirect arrow without text.png|left]] ::* [[:de:Benutzer:Gangleri]] ::* [[:en:User:Gangleri]] ::* [[:eo:Vikipediisto:Gangleri]] ::* [[:is:Notandi:Gangleri]] ::* [[:ro:Utilizator:Gangleri]] ::* [[:yi:באַניצער:Gangleri]] ::* '''[[meta:User:Gangleri]]''' [[de:Benutzer:Gangleri]] [[en:User:Gangleri]] [[eo:Vikipediisto:Gangleri]] [[ro:Utilizator:Gangleri]] [[yi:User:Gangleri]] User talk:Gangleri 2034 7192 2005-12-05T09:56:07Z Gangleri 43 __TOC__ User talk:Moyogo/Lonkásá ya libosó 2035 7199 2005-12-05T16:13:00Z 160.85.2.50 Merci Moyogo pour tout les ressources et liens que tu m'as indiqué. Cette version [[User:Moyogo/Lonkásá ya libosó]] Me plaît beaucoup. J'essaye de traduire le plus possible d'ici début janvier, mais il me faut le soutien d'un ou de pusieurs lingalaphone(s). Le Dictionnaire de Dzokanga ne remplace pas les connaissance de langues et les miens du lingala sont trop petit.... Le 9 janvier 2006, nous fêterons le 1er anniversaire de cette wikipedia! Sera-t-il la bonne date pour la nouvelle page d'acceuil? --[[User:160.85.2.50|160.85.2.50]] 16:13, 5 desembere 2005 (UTC) 7200 2005-12-05T16:14:04Z 160.85.2.50 log in - log out ... Merci Moyogo pour tout les ressources et liens que tu m'as indiqué. Cette version [[User:Moyogo/Lonkásá ya libosó]] Me plaît beaucoup. J'essaye de traduire le plus possible d'ici début janvier, mais il me faut le soutien d'un ou de pusieurs lingalaphone(s). Le Dictionnaire de Dzokanga ne remplace pas les connaissance de langues et les miens du lingala sont trop petit.... Le 9 janvier 2006, nous fêterons le 1er anniversaire de cette wikipedia! Sera-t-il la bonne date pour la nouvelle page d'acceuil? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 16:13, 5 desembere 2005 (UTC) Category:Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki 2037 7211 2005-12-05T21:41:17Z Moyogo 11 Kotála [[Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]. 8032 2006-04-20T12:42:02Z Bombo 12 Kotála [[Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]. [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Tatá-mokonzi]] 8033 2006-04-20T12:43:31Z Bombo 12 Kotála [[Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]. [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Tatá-mokonzi]] [[Category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] 9569 2006-10-25T14:31:47Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[fr:Catégorie:Président de la République démocratique du Congo]], [[ru:Категория:Президенты Демократической Республики Конго]] Kotála [[Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]. [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Tatá-mokonzi]] [[Category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[fr:Catégorie:Président de la République démocratique du Congo]] [[ru:Категория:Президенты Демократической Республики Конго]] 9966 2006-12-14T05:30:52Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: fi, id, it, nl, pt, sv Kotála [[Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]. [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Tatá-mokonzi]] [[Category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[fi:Luokka:Kongon demokraattisen tasavallan presidentit]] [[fr:Catégorie:Président de la République démocratique du Congo]] [[id:Kategori:Presiden Republik Demokratik Kongo]] [[it:Categoria:Presidenti della Repubblica Democratica del Congo]] [[nl:Categorie:President van Congo-Kinshasa]] [[pt:Categoria:Presidentes da República Democrática do Congo]] [[ru:Категория:Президенты Демократической Республики Конго]] [[sv:Kategori:Demokratiska republiken Kongos presidenter]] Category:Botéyi 2038 7213 2005-12-05T21:48:48Z Moyogo 11 Mambí mwa botángi, mwa bokomi mpé ya bolobi. 8041 2006-04-20T13:03:23Z Bombo 12 interwiki Mambí mwa botángi, mwa bokomi mpé ya bolobi. [[an:Category:Educazión]] [[ar:تصنيف:تعليم]] [[ast:Categoría:Educación]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Адукацыя]] [[bg:Категория:Образование]] [[cs:Kategorie:Vzdělávání]] [[de:Kategorie:Bildung]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Εκπαίδευση]] [[en:Category:Education]] [[es:Categoría:Educación]] [[eo:Kategorio:Edukado]] [[fi:Luokka:Koulutus]] [[hu:Kategória:Oktatás]] [[ja:Category:教育]] [[ko:분류:교육]] [[ln:Category:Botéy]] [[nl:Categorie:Onderwijs]] [[no:Kategori:Utdanning]] [[pt:Categoria:Educação]] [[ru:Категория:Образование]] [[simple:Category:Learning]] [[sl:Kategorija:Izobraževanje]] [[th:Category:การศึกษา]] [[tr:Kategori:Eğitim]] [[uk:Категорія:Педагогіка]] [[vi:Thể loại:Giáo dục]] [[zh:Category:教育]] 8042 2006-04-20T13:04:08Z Bombo 12 Mambí mwa botángi, mwa bokomi mpé ya bolobi. [[an:Category:Educazión]] [[ar:تصنيف:تعليم]] [[ast:Categoría:Educación]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Адукацыя]] [[bg:Категория:Образование]] [[cs:Kategorie:Vzdělávání]] [[de:Kategorie:Bildung]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Εκπαίδευση]] [[en:Category:Education]] [[es:Categoría:Educación]] [[eo:Kategorio:Edukado]] [[fi:Luokka:Koulutus]] [[hu:Kategória:Oktatás]] [[ja:Category:教育]] [[ko:분류:교육]] [[ln:Category:Botéyi]] [[nl:Categorie:Onderwijs]] [[no:Kategori:Utdanning]] [[pt:Categoria:Educação]] [[ru:Категория:Образование]] [[simple:Category:Learning]] [[sl:Kategorija:Izobraževanje]] [[th:Category:การศึกษา]] [[tr:Kategori:Eğitim]] [[uk:Категорія:Педагогіка]] [[vi:Thể loại:Giáo dục]] [[zh:Category:教育]] Talk:Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki 2039 7216 2005-12-05T23:24:27Z Moyogo 11 à fusionner avec [[Molɔngɔ ya Bakambi ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 23:24, 5 desembere 2005 (UTC) 7227 2005-12-06T10:02:28Z Bombo 12 d'accord à fusionner avec [[Molɔngɔ ya Bakambi ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 23:24, 5 desembere 2005 (UTC) :d'accord, donc , c'est '''Molɔngɔ ya Bakambi......''' qui va rester? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:02, 6 desembere 2005 (UTC) 7372 2005-12-15T19:40:24Z Themalau 22 à fusionner avec [[Molɔngɔ ya Bakambi ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 23:24, 5 desembere 2005 (UTC) :d'accord, donc , c'est '''Molɔngɔ ya Bakambi......''' qui va rester? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:02, 6 desembere 2005 (UTC) Nakanisi ete ekakoli oyo ebengami "Molongo..." nde esengeli kotikala, mpo yango nde ekokani na maloba oyo tosaleli mpona kobenga "President", okati ya ekakoli ya Kongo-Kinshasa [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 19:40, 15 desembere 2005 (UTC) 8268 2006-05-29T09:45:24Z Moyogo 11 à fusionner avec [[Molɔngɔ ya Bakambi ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 23:24, 5 desembere 2005 (UTC) :d'accord, donc , c'est '''Molɔngɔ ya Bakambi......''' qui va rester? --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:02, 6 desembere 2005 (UTC) Nakanisi ete ekakoli oyo ebengami "Molongo..." nde esengeli kotikala, mpo yango nde ekokani na maloba oyo tosaleli mpona kobenga "President", okati ya ekakoli ya Kongo-Kinshasa [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] 19:40, 15 desembere 2005 (UTC) :Búkú mísáto na ngáí bikomí ''Molɔngɔ́'' mpɔ́ na kobênga ''Colonne, rangée, liste''. Mpɔ́ na Laurent Désiré Kabila ekomí ''Akómí <u>mokambi</u> mwa miśató ya Kɔ́ngɔ''. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 09:45, 29 mai 2006 (UTC) Ekwatéli (etuka) 2040 7224 2005-12-06T09:25:03Z Bombo 12 [[Ekwatéli (etuka)]] moved to [[Ekwatéli (etúká)]]: broken links #REDIRECT [[Ekwatéli (etúká)]] Category:Politiki 2043 7230 2005-12-06T14:04:52Z 160.85.2.50 [[Category:Lisangá]] 7231 2005-12-06T14:05:16Z 160.85.2.50 [[Category:Lisangá]] [[Category:Leta]] 7696 2006-02-07T13:46:16Z Bombo 12 fr: [[Category:Lisangá]] [[Category:Leta]] [[fr:Catégorie:Politique]] Category:Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa 2044 7232 2005-12-06T14:06:01Z 160.85.2.50 Category:Politiki 7233 2005-12-06T14:06:28Z 160.85.2.50 [[Category:Politiki]] 7237 2005-12-06T14:14:13Z 160.85.2.50 [[Category:Politiki]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] Category:Bakomini ya Kinshasa 2045 7240 2005-12-06T14:17:43Z 160.85.2.50 [[Category:Kinshasa]] 7243 2005-12-06T14:20:10Z 160.85.2.50 [[Category:Kinshasa]] [[fr:Catégorie:Commune de Kinshasa]] 7244 2005-12-06T14:22:40Z 160.85.2.50 {{BakominiKinshasa}} [[Category:Kinshasa]] [[fr:Catégorie:Commune de Kinshasa]] 8487 2006-06-29T06:02:33Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: en {{BakominiKinshasa}} [[Category:Kinshasa]] [[en:Category:Communes of Kinshasa]] [[fr:Catégorie:Commune de Kinshasa]] Category:Kinshasa 2046 7241 2005-12-06T14:18:04Z 160.85.2.50 [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] 8502 2006-07-01T09:57:02Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: en, fr [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[en:Category:Kinshasa]] [[fr:Catégorie:Kinshasa]] Wikipedia:Community Portal 2047 7249 2005-12-06T14:28:27Z Bombo 12 [[Wikipedia:Community Portal]] moved to [[Wikipedia:Bísó na bísó]]: lingalá #REDIRECT [[Wikipedia:Bísó na bísó]] Wikipedia talk:Community Portal 2048 7251 2005-12-06T14:28:27Z Bombo 12 [[Wikipedia talk:Community Portal]] moved to [[Wikipedia talk:Bísó na bísó]]: lingalá #REDIRECT [[Wikipedia talk:Bísó na bísó]] Category:Bobóngoli na nkóta 2049 7255 2005-12-07T07:59:25Z 160.85.2.50 cat [[Category:Wikipedia]] Category:Wikipedia Bot 2050 7256 2005-12-07T08:00:37Z 160.85.2.50 cat [[Category:Wikipedia]] Category:Ndámbo ya lokóta ya Nizer-Kongo 2051 7257 2005-12-07T08:01:46Z 160.85.2.50 cat [[Category:Lokótá]] 7260 2005-12-07T08:07:31Z 160.85.2.50 [[Category:Wikipedia]] 8880 2006-07-13T13:19:59Z Moyogo 11 Redirecting to [[Category:Ndámbo ya lokótá ya Nizer-Kongo]] #REDIRECT [[:Category:Ndámbo ya lokótá ya Nizer-Kongo]] Category:Nkotá ya Kongo Kinshasa 2052 7258 2005-12-07T08:04:35Z 160.85.2.50 cat [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Lokótá]] 8991 2006-08-01T14:45:06Z Saforrest 80 interwiki [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Lokótá]] [[ar:تصنيف:لغات جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية]] [[en:Category:Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[fr:Catégorie:Langue de République démocratique du Congo]] [[ja:Category:コンゴ民主共和国の言語]] [[fi:Luokka:Kongon demokraattisen tasavallan kielet]] Category:Nkotá ya Babantu 2053 7259 2005-12-07T08:05:40Z 160.85.2.50 cat [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:Babantu]] 8467 2006-06-20T08:11:07Z 160.85.2.50 cat [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:Babantu]] [[Category:Nkotá ya Afrika]] Category:Bokokani 2054 7265 2005-12-07T08:16:34Z 160.85.2.50 cat [[Category:Wikipedia]] Category:Bingumba bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa 2055 7266 2005-12-07T08:17:32Z 160.85.2.50 cat [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] Category:Molɔngɔ́ ya babɛndɛ́lɛ ya bisé 2056 7267 2005-12-07T08:18:36Z 160.85.2.50 cat [[Category:Bɛndɛ́lɛ]] Category:Bɛndɛ́lɛ 2057 7268 2005-12-07T08:21:06Z 160.85.2.50 cat [[Category:Historia]] [[Category:Leta]] [[Category:Jyografi]] Category:Historia 2058 7272 2005-12-07T08:27:48Z 160.85.2.50 M '''Historia''' 7562 2006-01-09T17:15:21Z Miaow Miaow 51 +interwiki '''Historia''' [[af:Kategorie:Geskiedenis]] [[als:Kategorie:Gschichte]] [[ang:Category:Stǽr]] [[an:Category:Istoria]] [[ar:تصنيف:تاريخ]] [[ast:Categoría:Historia]] [[bg:Категория:История]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Гісторыя]] [[br:Rummad:Istor]] [[ca:Categoria:Història]] [[cs:Kategorie:Historie]] [[cv:Категори:Истори]] [[da:Kategori:Historie]] [[de:Kategorie:Geschichte]] [[et:Kategooria:Ajalugu]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Ιστορία]] [[en:Category:History]] [[es:Categoría:Historia]] [[eo:Kategorio:Historio]] [[eu:Kategoria:Historia]] [[fr:Catégorie:Histoire]] [[gl:Category:Historia]] [[ko:분류:역사]] [[hi:श्रेणी:इतिहास]] [[io:Category:Historio]] [[id:Kategori:Sejarah]] [[is:Flokkur:Saga]] [[it:Categoria:Storia]] [[he:קטגוריה:היסטוריה]] [[kn:Category:ಇತಿಹಾಸ]] [[ku:Kategorî:Dîrok]] [[la:Categoria:Historia]] [[lv:Category:Vēsture]] [[lt:Kategorija:Istorija]] [[lb:Category:Geschicht]] [[li:Kategorie:Historie]] [[lmo:Category:Stòria]] [[hu:Kategória:Történelem]] [[mk:Категорија:Историја]] [[mt:Category:Storja]] [[nap:Categoria:Storia]] [[nl:Categorie:Geschiedenis]] [[nds:Kategorie:Historie]] [[ja:Category:歴史]] [[no:Kategori:Historie]] [[os:Категори:Истори]] [[pl:Kategoria:Historia]] [[pt:Categoria:História]] [[pa:ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ:ਇਤਹਾਸ]] [[ru:Категория:История]] [[sq:Category:Historia]] [[simple:Category:History]] [[sk:Kategória:História]] [[sl:Category:Zgodovina]] [[sr:Категорија:Историја]] [[fi:Luokka:Historia]] [[sv:Kategori:Historia]] [[th:Category:ประวัติศาสตร์]] [[vi:Thể loại:Lịch sử]] [[tr:Kategori:Tarih]] [[uk:Категорія:Історія]] [[zh:Category:历史]] Category:Jyografi 2059 7276 2005-12-07T08:44:48Z 160.85.2.50 '''Mambí ma Mokili''' (Jyografi) 7563 2006-01-09T17:18:56Z Miaow Miaow 51 +interwiki '''Mambí ma Mokili''' (Jyografi) [[ar:تصنيف:جغرافيا]] [[af:Kategorie:Geografie]] [[als:Kategorie:Geografie]] [[an:Category:Cheografía]] [[ast:Categoría:Xeografía]] [[ay:Categoría:Geografiya]] [[az:Category:Coğrafiya]] [[bg:Категория:География]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Tē-lí-ha̍k]] [[ba:Category:География]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Геаграфія]] [[bs:Category:Geografija]] [[ca:Categoria:Geografia]] [[cs:Kategorie:Geografie]] [[cv:Категори:Географи]] [[cy:Category:Daearyddiaeth]] [[da:Kategori:Geografi]] [[de:Kategorie:Geographie]] [[et:Kategooria:Geograafia]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Γεωγραφία]] [[en:Category:Geography]] [[es:Categoría:Geografía]] [[eo:Kategorio:Geografio]] [[eu:Kategoria:Geografia]] [[fo:Bólkur:Landafrøði]] [[fr:Catégorie:Géographie]] [[fur:Categorie:Gjeografie]] [[ga:Rang:Tíreolaíocht]] [[gl:Category:Xeografía]] [[gu:Category:ભૂગોળ]] [[ko:분류:지리]] [[hi:श्रेणी:भूगोल]] [[hr:Category:Zemljopis]] [[io:Category:Geografio]] [[ilo:Category:Heografia]] [[id:Kategori:Geografi]] [[is:Flokkur:Landafræði]] [[it:Categoria:Geografia]] [[he:קטגוריה:גאוגרפיה]] [[ka:კატეგორია:გეოგრაფია]] [[csb:Kategòrëjô:Geògrafijô]] [[kw:Category:Dorydhyeth]] [[sw:Category:Jiografia]] [[kv:Category:География]] [[ku:Kategorî:Erdnîgarî]] [[ky:Category:География]] [[la:Categoria:Geographia]] [[lv:Category:Ģeogrāfija]] [[lt:Category:Geografija]] [[lb:Category:Geographie]] [[li:Kategorie:Geografie]] [[lmo:Category:Geugrafía]] [[hu:Kategória:Földrajz]] [[mk:Категорија:Географија]] [[mt:Category:Ġeografija]] [[ms:Category:Geografi]] [[mn:Category:Газар зүй]] [[nap:Categoria:Giugrafia]] [[nl:Categorie:Geografie]] [[nds:Kategorie:Geographie]] [[ja:Category:地理]] [[no:Kategori:Geografi]] [[nn:Kategori:Geografi]] [[oc:Category:Geografia]] [[pam:Category:Geografía]] [[pl:Kategoria:Geografia]] [[pt:Categoria:Geografia]] [[pa:ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ:ਭੁਗੋਲ]] [[ro:Categorie:Geografie]] [[rm:Category:Geografia]] [[ru:Категория:География]] [[sco:Category:Geographie]] [[sq:Category:Gjeografi]] [[scn:Category:Geografìa]] [[simple:Category:Geography]] [[sk:Kategória:Geografia]] [[sl:Category:Geografija]] [[sr:Категорија:Географија]] [[sh:Category:Geografija]] [[su:Category:Géografi]] [[fi:Luokka:Maantiede]] [[sv:Kategori:Geografi]] [[tl:Category:Heograpiya]] [[ta:பகுப்பு:புவியியல்]] [[tt:Törkem:Cäğräfiä]] [[th:Category:ภูมิศาสตร์]] [[vi:Category:Địa lý học]] [[tpi:Category:Jiograpi]] [[to:Category:Geografia]] [[tr:Kategori:Coğrafya]] [[tk:Category:Geografiya]] [[uk:Категорія:Географія]] [[uz:Category:Geografiya]] [[vec:Category:Giografia]] [[wa:Categoreye:Djeyografeye]] [[war:Category:Heyograpiya]] [[zh:Category:地理]] Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́) 2060 7281 2005-12-07T18:06:08Z Moyogo 11 [[Kɔ́ngɔ (ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́)]] moved to [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́ (Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]] #REDIRECT [[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́ (Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]] Template:Babel field 2061 7288 2005-12-08T01:25:04Z Moyogo 11 <div style="float:left; border:solid 1px {{{color 1}}}; margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:18.6em; background-color:{{{color 2}}}" | style="width:3.52em; height:3.52em; background-color:{{{color 1}}}; text-align:center" | <div style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; font-size:{{{letter code size}}}">{{{letter code}}}</div> | style="font-size:{{{text size}}}; padding:0.47em; line-height:1.25em" | {{{text}}} |} </div> Template:Babel field 0 2062 7289 2005-12-08T01:26:04Z Moyogo 11 {{Babel field|color 1=#FFBBBB|color 2=#FFEEEE|letter code size={{{letter code size}}}|letter code='''{{{letter code}}}-0'''| text size={{{text size}}}|text={{{text}}}}} [[Category:User {{{letter code}}}-0|{{PAGENAME}}]] Template:Babel field 2 2063 7295 2005-12-08T01:33:10Z Moyogo 11 #REDIRECT [[Template:Babel field 1]] 7297 2005-12-08T01:34:32Z Moyogo 11 {{Babel field|color 1=#99B3FF|color 2=#E0E8FF|letter code size={{{letter code size}}}|text size={{{text size}}}|letter code='''{{{letter code}}}-1'''|text={{{text}}}}} [[Category:User {{{letter code}}}|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:User {{{letter code}}}-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] 7298 2005-12-08T01:34:48Z Moyogo 11 {{Babel field|color 1=#99B3FF|color 2=#E0E8FF|letter code size={{{letter code size}}}|text size={{{text size}}}|letter code='''{{{letter code}}}-2'''|text={{{text}}}}} [[Category:User {{{letter code}}}|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:User {{{letter code}}}-2|{{PAGENAME}}]] Category:Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya bisé 2064 7312 2005-12-13T12:52:14Z 160.85.2.50 cat [[category:Bɛndɛ́lɛ]] Category:Eropa 2065 7315 2005-12-13T12:55:34Z 160.85.2.50 cat [[category:Jyografi]] [[category:Historia]] 7560 2006-01-09T17:11:40Z Miaow Miaow 51 +interwiki [[category:Jyografi]] [[category:Historia]] [[af:Kategorie:Europa]] [[ang:Category:Europa]] [[an:Category:Europa]] [[roa-rup:Category:Evropa]] [[ast:Categoría:Europa]] [[bg:Категория:Европа]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Au-chiu]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Эўропа]] [[br:Rummad:Europa]] [[bs:Category:Evropa]] [[ca:Categoria:Europa]] [[co:Category:Europa]] [[cs:Kategorie:Evropa]] [[cv:Категори:Европа]] [[cy:Category:Ewrop]] [[da:Kategori:Europa]] [[de:Kategorie:Europa]] [[et:Kategooria:Euroopa]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Ευρώπη]] [[en:Category:Europe]] [[es:Categoría:Europa]] [[eo:Kategorio:Eŭropo]] [[fa:Category:اروپا]] [[fo:Bólkur:Evropa]] [[fr:Catégorie:Europe]] [[fy:Kategory:Jeropa]] [[ga:Rang:An Eoraip]] [[gl:Category:Europa]] [[ko:분류:유럽]] [[ht:Category:Ewòp]] [[io:Category:Europa]] [[id:Kategori:Eropa]] [[is:Flokkur:Evrópa]] [[it:Categoria:Europa]] [[he:קטגוריה:אירופה]] [[csb:Kategòrëjô:Eùropa]] [[kw:Category:Europa]] [[sw:Category:Ulaya]] [[la:Categoria:Europa]] [[lv:Category:Eiropa]] [[lb:Category:Europa]] [[li:Kategorie:Europa]] [[hu:Kategória:Európa]] [[mk:Категорија:Европа]] [[mt:Category:Ewropa]] [[mi:Category:Ūropi]] [[ms:Category:Eropah]] [[mo:Category:Еуропа]] [[na:Category:Uirope]] [[nl:Categorie:Europa]] [[nds:Kategorie:Europa]] [[ja:Category:ヨーロッパ]] [[na:Category:Uirope]] [[no:Kategori:Europa]] [[nn:Kategori:Europa]] [[oc:Category:Euròpa]] [[os:Категори:Европæ]] [[pl:Kategoria:Europa]] [[pt:Categoria:Europa]] [[ro:Categorie:Europa]] [[qu:Category:Iwrupa]] [[ru:Категория:Европа]] [[se:Category:Eurohpá]] [[sq:Category:Evropa]] [[scn:Category:Europa]] [[sk:Kategória:Európa]] [[sl:Category:Evropa]] [[sr:Категорија:Европа]] [[sh:Category:Evropa]] [[fi:Luokka:Eurooppa]] [[sv:Kategori:Europa]] [[tl:Category:Europa]] [[th:Category:ทวีปยุโรป]] [[vi:Thể loại:Châu Âu]] [[tr:Kategori:Avrupa]] [[uk:Категорія:Європа]] [[fiu-vro:Category:Õuruupa]] [[wa:Categoreye:Urope]] [[zh:Category:欧洲]] 8900 2006-07-13T20:44:10Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: ar, eu, frp, hr, nds-nl, zh-yue [[category:Jyografi]] [[category:Historia]] [[af:Kategorie:Europa]] [[an:Categoría:Europa]] [[ang:Category:Europa]] [[ar:تصنيف:أوروبا]] [[ast:Categoría:Europa]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Эўропа]] [[bg:Категория:Европа]] [[br:Rummad:Europa]] [[bs:Kategorija:Evropa]] [[ca:Categoria:Europa]] [[co:Category:Europa]] [[cs:Kategorie:Evropa]] [[csb:Kategòrëjô:Eùropa]] [[cv:Категори:Европа]] [[cy:Categori:Ewrop]] [[da:Kategori:Europa]] [[de:Kategorie:Europa]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Ευρώπη]] [[en:Category:Europe]] [[eo:Kategorio:Eŭropo]] [[es:Categoría:Europa]] [[et:Kategooria:Euroopa]] [[eu:Kategoria:Europa]] [[fa:رده:اروپا]] [[fi:Luokka:Eurooppa]] [[fiu-vro:Category:Õuruupa]] [[fo:Bólkur:Evropa]] [[fr:Catégorie:Europe]] [[frp:Category:Eropa]] [[fy:Kategory:Jeropa]] [[ga:Catagóir:An Eoraip]] [[gl:Category:Europa]] [[he:קטגוריה:אירופה]] [[hr:Kategorija:Europa]] [[ht:Category:Ewòp]] [[hu:Kategória:Európa]] [[id:Kategori:Eropa]] [[io:Category:Europa]] [[is:Flokkur:Evrópa]] [[it:Categoria:Europa]] [[ja:Category:ヨーロッパ]] [[ko:분류:유럽]] [[kw:Category:Europa]] [[la:Categoria:Europa]] [[lb:Category:Europa]] [[li:Kategorie:Europa]] [[lv:Kategorija:Eiropa]] [[mi:Category:Ūropi]] [[mk:Категорија:Европа]] [[mo:Category:Еуропа]] [[ms:Kategori:Eropah]] [[mt:Category:Ewropa]] [[na:Category:Uirope]] [[nds:Kategorie:Europa]] [[nds-nl:Categorie:Europa]] [[nl:Categorie:Europa]] [[nn:Kategori:Europa]] [[no:Kategori:Europa]] [[oc:Categoria:Euròpa]] [[os:Категори:Европæ]] [[pl:Kategoria:Europa]] [[pt:Categoria:Europa]] [[qu:Categoría:Iwrupa]] [[ro:Categorie:Europa]] [[roa-rup:Category:Evropa]] [[ru:Категория:Европа]] [[scn:Category:Europa]] [[se:Category:Eurohpá]] [[sh:Category:Evropa]] [[sk:Kategória:Európa]] [[sl:Kategorija:Evropa]] [[sq:Category:Evropa]] [[sr:Категорија:Европа]] [[sv:Kategori:Europa]] [[sw:Category:Ulaya]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:ทวีปยุโรป]] [[tl:Category:Europa]] [[tr:Kategori:Avrupa]] [[uk:Категорія:Європа]] [[vi:Thể loại:Châu Âu]] [[wa:Categoreye:Urope]] [[zh:Category:欧洲]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Au-chiu]] [[zh-yue:Category:歐洲]] 8901 2006-07-13T23:16:51Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: ar, eu, frp, hi, hr, nds-nl, zh-yue [[category:Jyografi]] [[category:Historia]] [[af:Kategorie:Europa]] [[an:Categoría:Europa]] [[ang:Category:Europa]] [[ar:تصنيف:أوروبا]] [[ast:Categoría:Europa]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Эўропа]] [[bg:Категория:Европа]] [[br:Rummad:Europa]] [[bs:Kategorija:Evropa]] [[ca:Categoria:Europa]] [[co:Category:Europa]] [[cs:Kategorie:Evropa]] [[csb:Kategòrëjô:Eùropa]] [[cv:Категори:Европа]] [[cy:Categori:Ewrop]] [[da:Kategori:Europa]] [[de:Kategorie:Europa]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Ευρώπη]] [[en:Category:Europe]] [[eo:Kategorio:Eŭropo]] [[es:Categoría:Europa]] [[et:Kategooria:Euroopa]] [[eu:Kategoria:Europa]] [[fa:رده:اروپا]] [[fi:Luokka:Eurooppa]] [[fiu-vro:Category:Õuruupa]] [[fo:Bólkur:Evropa]] [[fr:Catégorie:Europe]] [[frp:Category:Eropa]] [[fy:Kategory:Jeropa]] [[ga:Catagóir:An Eoraip]] [[gl:Category:Europa]] [[he:קטגוריה:אירופה]] [[hi:श्रेणी:यूरोप]] [[hr:Kategorija:Europa]] [[ht:Category:Ewòp]] [[hu:Kategória:Európa]] [[id:Kategori:Eropa]] [[io:Category:Europa]] [[is:Flokkur:Evrópa]] [[it:Categoria:Europa]] [[ja:Category:ヨーロッパ]] [[ko:분류:유럽]] [[kw:Category:Europa]] [[la:Categoria:Europa]] [[lb:Category:Europa]] [[li:Kategorie:Europa]] [[lv:Kategorija:Eiropa]] [[mi:Category:Ūropi]] [[mk:Категорија:Европа]] [[mo:Category:Еуропа]] [[ms:Kategori:Eropah]] [[mt:Category:Ewropa]] [[na:Category:Uirope]] [[nds:Kategorie:Europa]] [[nds-nl:Categorie:Europa]] [[nl:Categorie:Europa]] [[nn:Kategori:Europa]] [[no:Kategori:Europa]] [[oc:Categoria:Euròpa]] [[os:Категори:Европæ]] [[pl:Kategoria:Europa]] [[pt:Categoria:Europa]] [[qu:Categoría:Iwrupa]] [[ro:Categorie:Europa]] [[roa-rup:Category:Evropa]] [[ru:Категория:Европа]] [[scn:Category:Europa]] [[se:Category:Eurohpá]] [[sh:Category:Evropa]] [[sk:Kategória:Európa]] [[sl:Kategorija:Evropa]] [[sq:Category:Evropa]] [[sr:Категорија:Европа]] [[sv:Kategori:Europa]] [[sw:Category:Ulaya]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:ทวีปยุโรป]] [[tl:Category:Europa]] [[tr:Kategori:Avrupa]] [[uk:Категорія:Європа]] [[vi:Thể loại:Châu Âu]] [[wa:Categoreye:Urope]] [[zh:Category:欧洲]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Au-chiu]] [[zh-yue:Category:歐洲]] 9344 2006-09-14T00:00:42Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[ka:კატეგორია:ევროპა]], [[rmy:Shopni:Europa]], [[ta:பகுப்பு:ஐரோப்பா]] [[category:Jyografi]] [[category:Historia]] [[af:Kategorie:Europa]] [[an:Categoría:Europa]] [[ang:Category:Europa]] [[ar:تصنيف:أوروبا]] [[ast:Categoría:Europa]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Эўропа]] [[bg:Категория:Европа]] [[br:Rummad:Europa]] [[bs:Kategorija:Evropa]] [[ca:Categoria:Europa]] [[co:Category:Europa]] [[cs:Kategorie:Evropa]] [[csb:Kategòrëjô:Eùropa]] [[cv:Категори:Европа]] [[cy:Categori:Ewrop]] [[da:Kategori:Europa]] [[de:Kategorie:Europa]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Ευρώπη]] [[en:Category:Europe]] [[eo:Kategorio:Eŭropo]] [[es:Categoría:Europa]] [[et:Kategooria:Euroopa]] [[eu:Kategoria:Europa]] [[fa:رده:اروپا]] [[fi:Luokka:Eurooppa]] [[fiu-vro:Category:Õuruupa]] [[fo:Bólkur:Evropa]] [[fr:Catégorie:Europe]] [[frp:Category:Eropa]] [[fy:Kategory:Jeropa]] [[ga:Catagóir:An Eoraip]] [[gl:Category:Europa]] [[he:קטגוריה:אירופה]] [[hi:श्रेणी:यूरोप]] [[hr:Kategorija:Europa]] [[ht:Category:Ewòp]] [[hu:Kategória:Európa]] [[id:Kategori:Eropa]] [[io:Category:Europa]] [[is:Flokkur:Evrópa]] [[it:Categoria:Europa]] [[ja:Category:ヨーロッパ]] [[ka:კატეგორია:ევროპა]] [[ko:분류:유럽]] [[kw:Category:Europa]] [[la:Categoria:Europa]] [[lb:Category:Europa]] [[li:Kategorie:Europa]] [[lv:Kategorija:Eiropa]] [[mi:Category:Ūropi]] [[mk:Категорија:Европа]] [[mo:Category:Еуропа]] [[ms:Kategori:Eropah]] [[mt:Category:Ewropa]] [[na:Category:Uirope]] [[nds:Kategorie:Europa]] [[nds-nl:Categorie:Europa]] [[nl:Categorie:Europa]] [[nn:Kategori:Europa]] [[no:Kategori:Europa]] [[oc:Categoria:Euròpa]] [[os:Категори:Европæ]] [[pl:Kategoria:Europa]] [[pt:Categoria:Europa]] [[qu:Categoría:Iwrupa]] [[rmy:Shopni:Europa]] [[ro:Categorie:Europa]] [[roa-rup:Category:Evropa]] [[ru:Категория:Европа]] [[scn:Category:Europa]] [[se:Category:Eurohpá]] [[sh:Category:Evropa]] [[sk:Kategória:Európa]] [[sl:Kategorija:Evropa]] [[sq:Category:Evropa]] [[sr:Категорија:Европа]] [[sv:Kategori:Europa]] [[sw:Category:Ulaya]] [[ta:பகுப்பு:ஐரோப்பா]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:ทวีปยุโรป]] [[tl:Category:Europa]] [[tr:Kategori:Avrupa]] [[uk:Категорія:Європа]] [[vi:Thể loại:Châu Âu]] [[wa:Categoreye:Urope]] [[zh:Category:欧洲]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Au-chiu]] [[zh-yue:Category:歐洲]] 9987 2006-12-17T18:56:25Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: got, hsb, ia, sco, vec, war Retire: sq [[category:Jyografi]] [[category:Historia]] [[af:Kategorie:Europa]] [[an:Categoría:Europa]] [[ang:Category:Europa]] [[ar:تصنيف:أوروبا]] [[ast:Categoría:Europa]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Эўропа]] [[bg:Категория:Европа]] [[br:Rummad:Europa]] [[bs:Kategorija:Evropa]] [[ca:Categoria:Europa]] [[co:Category:Europa]] [[cs:Kategorie:Evropa]] [[csb:Kategòrëjô:Eùropa]] [[cv:Категори:Европа]] [[cy:Categori:Ewrop]] [[da:Kategori:Europa]] [[de:Kategorie:Europa]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Ευρώπη]] [[en:Category:Europe]] [[eo:Kategorio:Eŭropo]] [[es:Categoría:Europa]] [[et:Kategooria:Euroopa]] [[eu:Kategoria:Europa]] [[fa:رده:اروپا]] [[fi:Luokka:Eurooppa]] [[fiu-vro:Category:Õuruupa]] [[fo:Bólkur:Evropa]] [[fr:Catégorie:Europe]] [[frp:Category:Eropa]] [[fy:Kategory:Jeropa]] [[ga:Catagóir:An Eoraip]] [[gl:Category:Europa]] [[got:Category:Aiwropa]] [[he:קטגוריה:אירופה]] [[hi:श्रेणी:यूरोप]] [[hr:Kategorija:Europa]] [[hsb:Kategorija:Europa]] [[ht:Category:Ewòp]] [[hu:Kategória:Európa]] [[ia:Categoria:Europa]] [[id:Kategori:Eropa]] [[io:Category:Europa]] [[is:Flokkur:Evrópa]] [[it:Categoria:Europa]] [[ja:Category:ヨーロッパ]] [[ka:კატეგორია:ევროპა]] [[ko:분류:유럽]] [[kw:Category:Europa]] [[la:Categoria:Europa]] [[lb:Category:Europa]] [[li:Kategorie:Europa]] [[lv:Kategorija:Eiropa]] [[mi:Category:Ūropi]] [[mk:Категорија:Европа]] [[mo:Category:Еуропа]] [[ms:Kategori:Eropah]] [[mt:Category:Ewropa]] [[na:Category:Uirope]] [[nds:Kategorie:Europa]] [[nds-nl:Categorie:Europa]] [[nl:Categorie:Europa]] [[nn:Kategori:Europa]] [[no:Kategori:Europa]] [[oc:Categoria:Euròpa]] [[os:Категори:Европæ]] [[pl:Kategoria:Europa]] [[pt:Categoria:Europa]] [[qu:Categoría:Iwrupa]] [[rmy:Shopni:Europa]] [[ro:Categorie:Europa]] [[roa-rup:Category:Evropa]] [[ru:Категория:Европа]] [[scn:Category:Europa]] [[sco:Category:Europe]] [[se:Category:Eurohpá]] [[sh:Category:Evropa]] [[sk:Kategória:Európa]] [[sl:Kategorija:Evropa]] [[sr:Категорија:Европа]] [[sv:Kategori:Europa]] [[sw:Category:Ulaya]] [[ta:பகுப்பு:ஐரோப்பா]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:ทวีปยุโรป]] [[tl:Category:Europa]] [[tr:Kategori:Avrupa]] [[uk:Категорія:Європа]] [[vec:Categoria:Europa]] [[vi:Thể loại:Châu Âu]] [[wa:Categoreye:Urope]] [[war:Category:Europa]] [[zh:Category:欧洲]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Au-chiu]] [[zh-yue:Category:歐洲]] 9988 2006-12-17T19:41:23Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[sq:Category:Evropë]] [[category:Jyografi]] [[category:Historia]] [[af:Kategorie:Europa]] [[an:Categoría:Europa]] [[ang:Category:Europa]] [[ar:تصنيف:أوروبا]] [[ast:Categoría:Europa]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Эўропа]] [[bg:Категория:Европа]] [[br:Rummad:Europa]] [[bs:Kategorija:Evropa]] [[ca:Categoria:Europa]] [[co:Category:Europa]] [[cs:Kategorie:Evropa]] [[csb:Kategòrëjô:Eùropa]] [[cv:Категори:Европа]] [[cy:Categori:Ewrop]] [[da:Kategori:Europa]] [[de:Kategorie:Europa]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Ευρώπη]] [[en:Category:Europe]] [[eo:Kategorio:Eŭropo]] [[es:Categoría:Europa]] [[et:Kategooria:Euroopa]] [[eu:Kategoria:Europa]] [[fa:رده:اروپا]] [[fi:Luokka:Eurooppa]] [[fiu-vro:Category:Õuruupa]] [[fo:Bólkur:Evropa]] [[fr:Catégorie:Europe]] [[frp:Category:Eropa]] [[fy:Kategory:Jeropa]] [[ga:Catagóir:An Eoraip]] [[gl:Category:Europa]] [[got:Category:Aiwropa]] [[he:קטגוריה:אירופה]] [[hi:श्रेणी:यूरोप]] [[hr:Kategorija:Europa]] [[hsb:Kategorija:Europa]] [[ht:Category:Ewòp]] [[hu:Kategória:Európa]] [[ia:Categoria:Europa]] [[id:Kategori:Eropa]] [[io:Category:Europa]] [[is:Flokkur:Evrópa]] [[it:Categoria:Europa]] [[ja:Category:ヨーロッパ]] [[ka:კატეგორია:ევროპა]] [[ko:분류:유럽]] [[kw:Category:Europa]] [[la:Categoria:Europa]] [[lb:Category:Europa]] [[li:Kategorie:Europa]] [[lv:Kategorija:Eiropa]] [[mi:Category:Ūropi]] [[mk:Категорија:Европа]] [[mo:Category:Еуропа]] [[ms:Kategori:Eropah]] [[mt:Category:Ewropa]] [[na:Category:Uirope]] [[nds:Kategorie:Europa]] [[nds-nl:Categorie:Europa]] [[nl:Categorie:Europa]] [[nn:Kategori:Europa]] [[no:Kategori:Europa]] [[oc:Categoria:Euròpa]] [[os:Категори:Европæ]] [[pl:Kategoria:Europa]] [[pt:Categoria:Europa]] [[qu:Categoría:Iwrupa]] [[rmy:Shopni:Europa]] [[ro:Categorie:Europa]] [[roa-rup:Category:Evropa]] [[ru:Категория:Европа]] [[scn:Category:Europa]] [[sco:Category:Europe]] [[se:Category:Eurohpá]] [[sh:Category:Evropa]] [[sk:Kategória:Európa]] [[sl:Kategorija:Evropa]] [[sq:Category:Evropë]] [[sr:Категорија:Европа]] [[sv:Kategori:Europa]] [[sw:Category:Ulaya]] [[ta:பகுப்பு:ஐரோப்பா]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:ทวีปยุโรป]] [[tl:Category:Europa]] [[tr:Kategori:Avrupa]] [[uk:Категорія:Європа]] [[vec:Categoria:Europa]] [[vi:Thể loại:Châu Âu]] [[wa:Categoreye:Urope]] [[war:Category:Europa]] [[zh:Category:欧洲]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Au-chiu]] [[zh-yue:Category:歐洲]] 9989 2006-12-17T20:24:44Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[ku:Kategorî:Ewropa]], [[pms:Categorìa:Euròpa]] [[category:Jyografi]] [[category:Historia]] [[af:Kategorie:Europa]] [[an:Categoría:Europa]] [[ang:Category:Europa]] [[ar:تصنيف:أوروبا]] [[ast:Categoría:Europa]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Эўропа]] [[bg:Категория:Европа]] [[br:Rummad:Europa]] [[bs:Kategorija:Evropa]] [[ca:Categoria:Europa]] [[co:Category:Europa]] [[cs:Kategorie:Evropa]] [[csb:Kategòrëjô:Eùropa]] [[cv:Категори:Европа]] [[cy:Categori:Ewrop]] [[da:Kategori:Europa]] [[de:Kategorie:Europa]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Ευρώπη]] [[en:Category:Europe]] [[eo:Kategorio:Eŭropo]] [[es:Categoría:Europa]] [[et:Kategooria:Euroopa]] [[eu:Kategoria:Europa]] [[fa:رده:اروپا]] [[fi:Luokka:Eurooppa]] [[fiu-vro:Category:Õuruupa]] [[fo:Bólkur:Evropa]] [[fr:Catégorie:Europe]] [[frp:Category:Eropa]] [[fy:Kategory:Jeropa]] [[ga:Catagóir:An Eoraip]] [[gl:Category:Europa]] [[got:Category:Aiwropa]] [[he:קטגוריה:אירופה]] [[hi:श्रेणी:यूरोप]] [[hr:Kategorija:Europa]] [[hsb:Kategorija:Europa]] [[ht:Category:Ewòp]] [[hu:Kategória:Európa]] [[ia:Categoria:Europa]] [[id:Kategori:Eropa]] [[io:Category:Europa]] [[is:Flokkur:Evrópa]] [[it:Categoria:Europa]] [[ja:Category:ヨーロッパ]] [[ka:კატეგორია:ევროპა]] [[ko:분류:유럽]] [[ku:Kategorî:Ewropa]] [[kw:Category:Europa]] [[la:Categoria:Europa]] [[lb:Category:Europa]] [[li:Kategorie:Europa]] [[lv:Kategorija:Eiropa]] [[mi:Category:Ūropi]] [[mk:Категорија:Европа]] [[mo:Category:Еуропа]] [[ms:Kategori:Eropah]] [[mt:Category:Ewropa]] [[na:Category:Uirope]] [[nds:Kategorie:Europa]] [[nds-nl:Categorie:Europa]] [[nl:Categorie:Europa]] [[nn:Kategori:Europa]] [[no:Kategori:Europa]] [[oc:Categoria:Euròpa]] [[os:Категори:Европæ]] [[pl:Kategoria:Europa]] [[pms:Categorìa:Euròpa]] [[pt:Categoria:Europa]] [[qu:Categoría:Iwrupa]] [[rmy:Shopni:Europa]] [[ro:Categorie:Europa]] [[roa-rup:Category:Evropa]] [[ru:Категория:Европа]] [[scn:Category:Europa]] [[sco:Category:Europe]] [[se:Category:Eurohpá]] [[sh:Category:Evropa]] [[sk:Kategória:Európa]] [[sl:Kategorija:Evropa]] [[sq:Category:Evropë]] [[sr:Категорија:Европа]] [[sv:Kategori:Europa]] [[sw:Category:Ulaya]] [[ta:பகுப்பு:ஐரோப்பா]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:ทวีปยุโรป]] [[tl:Category:Europa]] [[tr:Kategori:Avrupa]] [[uk:Категорія:Європа]] [[vec:Categoria:Europa]] [[vi:Thể loại:Châu Âu]] [[wa:Categoreye:Urope]] [[war:Category:Europa]] [[zh:Category:欧洲]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Au-chiu]] [[zh-yue:Category:歐洲]] 10004 2006-12-19T16:01:55Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[zh-classical:Category:歐羅巴洲]] [[category:Jyografi]] [[category:Historia]] [[af:Kategorie:Europa]] [[an:Categoría:Europa]] [[ang:Category:Europa]] [[ar:تصنيف:أوروبا]] [[ast:Categoría:Europa]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Эўропа]] [[bg:Категория:Европа]] [[br:Rummad:Europa]] [[bs:Kategorija:Evropa]] [[ca:Categoria:Europa]] [[co:Category:Europa]] [[cs:Kategorie:Evropa]] [[csb:Kategòrëjô:Eùropa]] [[cv:Категори:Европа]] [[cy:Categori:Ewrop]] [[da:Kategori:Europa]] [[de:Kategorie:Europa]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Ευρώπη]] [[en:Category:Europe]] [[eo:Kategorio:Eŭropo]] [[es:Categoría:Europa]] [[et:Kategooria:Euroopa]] [[eu:Kategoria:Europa]] [[fa:رده:اروپا]] [[fi:Luokka:Eurooppa]] [[fiu-vro:Category:Õuruupa]] [[fo:Bólkur:Evropa]] [[fr:Catégorie:Europe]] [[frp:Category:Eropa]] [[fy:Kategory:Jeropa]] [[ga:Catagóir:An Eoraip]] [[gl:Category:Europa]] [[got:Category:Aiwropa]] [[he:קטגוריה:אירופה]] [[hi:श्रेणी:यूरोप]] [[hr:Kategorija:Europa]] [[hsb:Kategorija:Europa]] [[ht:Category:Ewòp]] [[hu:Kategória:Európa]] [[ia:Categoria:Europa]] [[id:Kategori:Eropa]] [[io:Category:Europa]] [[is:Flokkur:Evrópa]] [[it:Categoria:Europa]] [[ja:Category:ヨーロッパ]] [[ka:კატეგორია:ევროპა]] [[ko:분류:유럽]] [[ku:Kategorî:Ewropa]] [[kw:Category:Europa]] [[la:Categoria:Europa]] [[lb:Category:Europa]] [[li:Kategorie:Europa]] [[lv:Kategorija:Eiropa]] [[mi:Category:Ūropi]] [[mk:Категорија:Европа]] [[mo:Category:Еуропа]] [[ms:Kategori:Eropah]] [[mt:Category:Ewropa]] [[na:Category:Uirope]] [[nds:Kategorie:Europa]] [[nds-nl:Categorie:Europa]] [[nl:Categorie:Europa]] [[nn:Kategori:Europa]] [[no:Kategori:Europa]] [[oc:Categoria:Euròpa]] [[os:Категори:Европæ]] [[pl:Kategoria:Europa]] [[pms:Categorìa:Euròpa]] [[pt:Categoria:Europa]] [[qu:Categoría:Iwrupa]] [[rmy:Shopni:Europa]] [[ro:Categorie:Europa]] [[roa-rup:Category:Evropa]] [[ru:Категория:Европа]] [[scn:Category:Europa]] [[sco:Category:Europe]] [[se:Category:Eurohpá]] [[sh:Category:Evropa]] [[sk:Kategória:Európa]] [[sl:Kategorija:Evropa]] [[sq:Category:Evropë]] [[sr:Категорија:Европа]] [[sv:Kategori:Europa]] [[sw:Category:Ulaya]] [[ta:பகுப்பு:ஐரோப்பா]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:ทวีปยุโรป]] [[tl:Category:Europa]] [[tr:Kategori:Avrupa]] [[uk:Категорія:Європа]] [[vec:Categoria:Europa]] [[vi:Thể loại:Châu Âu]] [[wa:Categoreye:Urope]] [[war:Category:Europa]] [[zh:Category:欧洲]] [[zh-classical:Category:歐羅巴洲]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Au-chiu]] [[zh-yue:Category:歐洲]] Category:Mokambi ekolo ya Lisanga ya Amerika 2066 7319 2005-12-13T13:04:18Z 160.85.2.50 [[Category:Lisanga ya Amerika]] Category:Lisanga ya Amerika 2067 7320 2005-12-13T13:04:47Z 160.85.2.50 cat [[Category:Bisé ya Amerika]] Category:Bisé ya Amerika 2068 7321 2005-12-13T13:05:41Z 160.85.2.50 cat [[Category:Historia]] [[Category:Jyografi]] Category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki 2069 7323 2005-12-13T13:10:49Z 160.85.2.50 cat [[Category:Politiki]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] 7330 2005-12-13T13:14:33Z 160.85.2.50 interwiki fr [[Category:Politiki]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[fr:Catégorie:Personnalité politique de la République démocratique du Congo]] Category:Nkotá ya mokili 2070 7332 2005-12-13T13:19:36Z 160.85.2.50 cat [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:Jyografi]] Category:Babantu 2071 7335 2005-12-13T13:24:18Z 160.85.2.50 cat AFrika [[Category:Afrika]] Wikipedia 2073 7341 2005-12-14T02:58:10Z 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[[Category:Wikipedia]] [[af:Wikipedia]] [[als:Wikipedia]] [[am:ዊኪፔድያ]] [[an:Biquipedia]] [[ang:Wicipǣdia]] [[ar:ويكيبيديا]] [[ast:Uiquipedia]] [[ay:Wikipedia]] [[bat-smg:Vikipedėjė]] [[be:Вікіпэдыя]] [[bg:Уикипедия]] [[bm:Wikipedia]] [[bn:উইকিপিডিয়া]] [[br:Wikipedia]] [[bs:Wikipedija]] [[ca:Viquipèdia]] [[ceb:Wikipedya]] [[chr:ᏫᎩᏇᏗᏯ]] [[co:Wikipedia]] [[cr:ᐎᑭᐱᑎᔭ]] [[cs:Wikipedie]] [[csb:Wikipedijô]] [[cv:Википеди]] [[cy:Wicipedia]] [[da:Wikipedia]] [[de:Wikipedia]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια]] [[en:Wikipedia]] [[eo:Vikipedio]] [[es:Wikipedia]] [[et:Vikipeedia]] [[eu:Wikipedia]] [[fa:ویکی‌پدیا]] [[fi:Wikipedia]] [[fiu-vro:Vikipeediä]] [[fj:Wikipedia]] [[fo:Wikipedia]] [[fr:Wikipédia]] [[frp:Vouikipèdia]] [[fur:Vichipedie]] [[ga:Vicipéid]] [[gl:Wikipedia]] [[gu:વિકિપીડિયા]] [[gv:Wikipedia]] [[he:ויקיפדיה]] [[hi:िविकपीिडया]] [[hr:Wikipedija]] [[ht:Wikipedia]] [[hu:Wikipédia]] [[hy:Վիքիփեդիա]] [[ia:Wikipedia]] [[id:Wikipedia]] [[ilo:Wikipedia]] [[is:Wikipedia]] [[it:Wikipedia]] [[ja:ウィキペディア]] [[jbo:uikiPEdi,as]] [[jv:Wikipedia]] [[ka:ვიკიპედია]] [[kl:Wikipedia]] [[kn:ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ]] [[ko:위키백과]] [[ku:Wikipedia]] [[kw:Wikipedia]] [[la:Vicipaedia]] [[lad:ויקיפידיה]] [[lb:Wikipedia]] [[li:Wikipedia]] [[lmo:Wikipedia]] [[lt:Vikipedija]] [[lv:Vikipēdija]] [[mi:Wikipedia]] [[mk:Википедија]] [[ml:വിക്കിപീഡിയ]] [[mo:Википедия]] [[mr:विकिपीडिआ]] [[ms:Wikipedia]] [[mt:Wikipedija]] [[na:Wikipedia]] [[nah:Wikipedia]] [[nds:Wikipedia]] [[nds-nl:Wikipedia]] [[ng:Wikipedia]] [[nl:Wikipedia]] [[nn:Wikipedia]] [[no:Wikipedia]] [[nrm:Viqùipédie]] [[oc:Oiquipedià]] [[os:Википеди]] [[pl:Wikipedia]] [[pt:Wikipédia]] [[qu:Wikipidiya]] [[rmy:Vikipidiya]] [[ro:Wikipedia]] [[roa-rup:Uichipedia]] [[ru:Википедия]] [[sc:Wikipedia]] [[scn:Wikipedia]] [[sco:Wikipaedia]] [[sh:Wikipedia]] [[simple:Wikipedia]] [[sk:Wikipédia]] [[sl:Wikipedija]] [[so:Wikipedia]] [[sq:Wikipedia]] [[sr:Википедија]] [[su:Wikipédia]] [[sv:Wikipedia]] [[sw:Wikipedia]] [[ta:விக்கிபீடியா]] [[th:วิกิพีเดีย]] [[tl:Wikipedia]] [[tpi:Wikipedia]] [[tr:Vikipedi]] [[tt:Wikipedia]] [[uk:Вікіпедія]] [[uz:Vikipediya]] [[vec:Wikipedia]] [[vi:Wikipedia]] [[wa:Wikipedia]] [[war:Wikipedia]] [[yi:‫װיקיפּעדיע]] [[zh:维基百科]] [[zh-min-nan:Wikipedia]] [[zh-yue:維基百科]] 8119 2006-05-14T05:00:18Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: io Modifie: bs, frp Wikipedia eza [[ensyclopedie]] óyo. Bato batangaka ngo bakomaka ngo. [[Category:Wikipedia]] [[af:Wikipedia]] [[als:Wikipedia]] [[am:ዊኪፔድያ]] [[an:Biquipedia]] [[ang:Wicipǣdia]] [[ar:ويكيبيديا]] [[ast:Uiquipedia]] [[ay:Wikipedia]] [[bat-smg:Vikipedėjė]] [[be:Вікіпэдыя]] [[bg:Уикипедия]] [[bm:Wikipedia]] [[bn:উইকিপিডিয়া]] [[br:Wikipedia]] [[bs:Wikipedia]] [[ca:Viquipèdia]] [[ceb:Wikipedya]] [[chr:ᏫᎩᏇᏗᏯ]] [[co:Wikipedia]] [[cr:ᐎᑭᐱᑎᔭ]] [[cs:Wikipedie]] [[csb:Wikipedijô]] [[cv:Википеди]] [[cy:Wicipedia]] [[da:Wikipedia]] [[de:Wikipedia]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια]] [[en:Wikipedia]] [[eo:Vikipedio]] [[es:Wikipedia]] [[et:Vikipeedia]] [[eu:Wikipedia]] [[fa:ویکی‌پدیا]] [[fi:Wikipedia]] [[fiu-vro:Vikipeediä]] [[fj:Wikipedia]] [[fo:Wikipedia]] [[fr:Wikipédia]] [[frp:Vuiquipèdia]] [[fur:Vichipedie]] [[ga:Vicipéid]] [[gl:Wikipedia]] [[gu:વિકિપીડિયા]] [[gv:Wikipedia]] [[he:ויקיפדיה]] [[hi:िविकपीिडया]] [[hr:Wikipedija]] [[ht:Wikipedia]] [[hu:Wikipédia]] [[hy:Վիքիփեդիա]] [[ia:Wikipedia]] [[id:Wikipedia]] [[ilo:Wikipedia]] [[io:Wikipedio]] [[is:Wikipedia]] [[it:Wikipedia]] [[ja:ウィキペディア]] [[jbo:uikiPEdi,as]] [[jv:Wikipedia]] [[ka:ვიკიპედია]] [[kl:Wikipedia]] [[kn:ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ]] [[ko:위키백과]] [[ku:Wikipedia]] [[kw:Wikipedia]] [[la:Vicipaedia]] [[lad:ויקיפידיה]] [[lb:Wikipedia]] [[li:Wikipedia]] [[lmo:Wikipedia]] [[lt:Vikipedija]] [[lv:Vikipēdija]] [[mi:Wikipedia]] [[mk:Википедија]] [[ml:വിക്കിപീഡിയ]] [[mo:Википедия]] [[mr:विकिपीडिआ]] [[ms:Wikipedia]] [[mt:Wikipedija]] [[na:Wikipedia]] [[nah:Wikipedia]] [[nds:Wikipedia]] [[nds-nl:Wikipedia]] [[ng:Wikipedia]] [[nl:Wikipedia]] [[nn:Wikipedia]] [[no:Wikipedia]] [[nrm:Viqùipédie]] [[oc:Oiquipedià]] [[os:Википеди]] [[pl:Wikipedia]] [[pt:Wikipédia]] [[qu:Wikipidiya]] [[rmy:Vikipidiya]] [[ro:Wikipedia]] [[roa-rup:Uichipedia]] [[ru:Википедия]] [[sc:Wikipedia]] [[scn:Wikipedia]] [[sco:Wikipaedia]] [[sh:Wikipedia]] [[simple:Wikipedia]] [[sk:Wikipédia]] [[sl:Wikipedija]] [[so:Wikipedia]] [[sq:Wikipedia]] [[sr:Википедија]] [[su:Wikipédia]] [[sv:Wikipedia]] [[sw:Wikipedia]] [[ta:விக்கிபீடியா]] [[th:วิกิพีเดีย]] [[tl:Wikipedia]] [[tpi:Wikipedia]] [[tr:Vikipedi]] [[tt:Wikipedia]] [[uk:Вікіпедія]] [[uz:Vikipediya]] [[vec:Wikipedia]] [[vi:Wikipedia]] [[wa:Wikipedia]] [[war:Wikipedia]] [[yi:‫װיקיפּעדיע]] [[zh:维基百科]] [[zh-min-nan:Wikipedia]] [[zh-yue:維基百科]] 8306 2006-05-29T20:42:02Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: gd Modifie: hi Wikipedia eza [[ensyclopedie]] óyo. Bato batangaka ngo bakomaka ngo. [[Category:Wikipedia]] [[af:Wikipedia]] [[als:Wikipedia]] [[am:ዊኪፔድያ]] [[an:Biquipedia]] [[ang:Wicipǣdia]] [[ar:ويكيبيديا]] [[ast:Uiquipedia]] [[ay:Wikipedia]] [[bat-smg:Vikipedėjė]] [[be:Вікіпэдыя]] [[bg:Уикипедия]] [[bm:Wikipedia]] [[bn:উইকিপিডিয়া]] [[br:Wikipedia]] [[bs:Wikipedia]] [[ca:Viquipèdia]] [[ceb:Wikipedya]] [[chr:ᏫᎩᏇᏗᏯ]] [[co:Wikipedia]] [[cr:ᐎᑭᐱᑎᔭ]] [[cs:Wikipedie]] [[csb:Wikipedijô]] [[cv:Википеди]] [[cy:Wicipedia]] [[da:Wikipedia]] [[de:Wikipedia]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια]] [[en:Wikipedia]] [[eo:Vikipedio]] [[es:Wikipedia]] [[et:Vikipeedia]] [[eu:Wikipedia]] [[fa:ویکی‌پدیا]] [[fi:Wikipedia]] [[fiu-vro:Vikipeediä]] [[fj:Wikipedia]] [[fo:Wikipedia]] [[fr:Wikipédia]] [[frp:Vuiquipèdia]] [[fur:Vichipedie]] [[ga:Vicipéid]] [[gd:Wikipedia]] [[gl:Wikipedia]] [[gu:વિકિપીડિયા]] [[gv:Wikipedia]] [[he:ויקיפדיה]] [[hi:विकिपीडिया]] [[hr:Wikipedija]] [[ht:Wikipedia]] [[hu:Wikipédia]] [[hy:Վիքիփեդիա]] [[ia:Wikipedia]] [[id:Wikipedia]] [[ilo:Wikipedia]] [[io:Wikipedio]] [[is:Wikipedia]] [[it:Wikipedia]] [[ja:ウィキペディア]] [[jbo:uikiPEdi,as]] [[jv:Wikipedia]] [[ka:ვიკიპედია]] [[kl:Wikipedia]] [[kn:ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ]] [[ko:위키백과]] [[ku:Wikipedia]] [[kw:Wikipedia]] [[la:Vicipaedia]] [[lad:ויקיפידיה]] [[lb:Wikipedia]] [[li:Wikipedia]] [[lmo:Wikipedia]] [[lt:Vikipedija]] [[lv:Vikipēdija]] [[mi:Wikipedia]] [[mk:Википедија]] [[ml:വിക്കിപീഡിയ]] [[mo:Википедия]] [[mr:विकिपीडिआ]] [[ms:Wikipedia]] [[mt:Wikipedija]] [[na:Wikipedia]] [[nah:Wikipedia]] [[nds:Wikipedia]] [[nds-nl:Wikipedia]] [[ng:Wikipedia]] [[nl:Wikipedia]] [[nn:Wikipedia]] [[no:Wikipedia]] [[nrm:Viqùipédie]] [[oc:Oiquipedià]] [[os:Википеди]] [[pl:Wikipedia]] [[pt:Wikipédia]] [[qu:Wikipidiya]] [[rmy:Vikipidiya]] [[ro:Wikipedia]] [[roa-rup:Uichipedia]] [[ru:Википедия]] [[sc:Wikipedia]] [[scn:Wikipedia]] [[sco:Wikipaedia]] [[sh:Wikipedia]] [[simple:Wikipedia]] [[sk:Wikipédia]] [[sl:Wikipedija]] [[so:Wikipedia]] [[sq:Wikipedia]] [[sr:Википедија]] [[su:Wikipédia]] [[sv:Wikipedia]] [[sw:Wikipedia]] [[ta:விக்கிபீடியா]] [[th:วิกิพีเดีย]] [[tl:Wikipedia]] [[tpi:Wikipedia]] [[tr:Vikipedi]] [[tt:Wikipedia]] [[uk:Вікіпедія]] [[uz:Vikipediya]] [[vec:Wikipedia]] [[vi:Wikipedia]] [[wa:Wikipedia]] [[war:Wikipedia]] [[yi:‫װיקיפּעדיע]] [[zh:维基百科]] [[zh-min-nan:Wikipedia]] [[zh-yue:維基百科]] 8382 2006-06-12T18:59:46Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: dv Wikipedia eza [[ensyclopedie]] óyo. Bato batangaka ngo bakomaka ngo. [[Category:Wikipedia]] [[af:Wikipedia]] [[als:Wikipedia]] [[am:ዊኪፔድያ]] [[an:Biquipedia]] [[ang:Wicipǣdia]] [[ar:ويكيبيديا]] [[ast:Uiquipedia]] [[ay:Wikipedia]] [[bat-smg:Vikipedėjė]] [[be:Вікіпэдыя]] [[bg:Уикипедия]] [[bm:Wikipedia]] [[bn:উইকিপিডিয়া]] [[br:Wikipedia]] [[bs:Wikipedia]] [[ca:Viquipèdia]] [[ceb:Wikipedya]] [[chr:ᏫᎩᏇᏗᏯ]] [[co:Wikipedia]] [[cr:ᐎᑭᐱᑎᔭ]] [[cs:Wikipedie]] [[csb:Wikipedijô]] [[cv:Википеди]] [[cy:Wicipedia]] [[da:Wikipedia]] [[de:Wikipedia]] [[dv:ވިކިޕީޑިއާ]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια]] [[en:Wikipedia]] [[eo:Vikipedio]] [[es:Wikipedia]] [[et:Vikipeedia]] [[eu:Wikipedia]] [[fa:ویکی‌پدیا]] [[fi:Wikipedia]] [[fiu-vro:Vikipeediä]] [[fj:Wikipedia]] [[fo:Wikipedia]] [[fr:Wikipédia]] [[frp:Vuiquipèdia]] [[fur:Vichipedie]] [[ga:Vicipéid]] [[gd:Wikipedia]] [[gl:Wikipedia]] [[gu:વિકિપીડિયા]] [[gv:Wikipedia]] [[he:ויקיפדיה]] [[hi:विकिपीडिया]] [[hr:Wikipedija]] [[ht:Wikipedia]] [[hu:Wikipédia]] [[hy:Վիքիփեդիա]] [[ia:Wikipedia]] [[id:Wikipedia]] [[ilo:Wikipedia]] [[io:Wikipedio]] [[is:Wikipedia]] [[it:Wikipedia]] [[ja:ウィキペディア]] [[jbo:uikiPEdi,as]] [[jv:Wikipedia]] [[ka:ვიკიპედია]] [[kl:Wikipedia]] [[kn:ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ]] [[ko:위키백과]] [[ku:Wikipedia]] [[kw:Wikipedia]] [[la:Vicipaedia]] [[lad:ויקיפידיה]] [[lb:Wikipedia]] [[li:Wikipedia]] [[lmo:Wikipedia]] [[lt:Vikipedija]] [[lv:Vikipēdija]] [[mi:Wikipedia]] [[mk:Википедија]] [[ml:വിക്കിപീഡിയ]] [[mo:Википедия]] [[mr:विकिपीडिआ]] [[ms:Wikipedia]] [[mt:Wikipedija]] [[na:Wikipedia]] [[nah:Wikipedia]] [[nds:Wikipedia]] [[nds-nl:Wikipedia]] [[ng:Wikipedia]] [[nl:Wikipedia]] [[nn:Wikipedia]] [[no:Wikipedia]] [[nrm:Viqùipédie]] [[oc:Oiquipedià]] [[os:Википеди]] [[pl:Wikipedia]] [[pt:Wikipédia]] [[qu:Wikipidiya]] [[rmy:Vikipidiya]] [[ro:Wikipedia]] [[roa-rup:Uichipedia]] [[ru:Википедия]] [[sc:Wikipedia]] [[scn:Wikipedia]] [[sco:Wikipaedia]] [[sh:Wikipedia]] [[simple:Wikipedia]] [[sk:Wikipédia]] [[sl:Wikipedija]] [[so:Wikipedia]] [[sq:Wikipedia]] [[sr:Википедија]] [[su:Wikipédia]] [[sv:Wikipedia]] [[sw:Wikipedia]] [[ta:விக்கிபீடியா]] [[th:วิกิพีเดีย]] [[tl:Wikipedia]] [[tpi:Wikipedia]] [[tr:Vikipedi]] [[tt:Wikipedia]] [[uk:Вікіпедія]] [[uz:Vikipediya]] [[vec:Wikipedia]] [[vi:Wikipedia]] [[wa:Wikipedia]] [[war:Wikipedia]] [[yi:‫װיקיפּעדיע]] [[zh:维基百科]] [[zh-min-nan:Wikipedia]] [[zh-yue:維基百科]] 8429 2006-06-15T04:14:04Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: si Wikipedia eza [[ensyclopedie]] óyo. Bato batangaka ngo bakomaka ngo. [[Category:Wikipedia]] [[af:Wikipedia]] [[als:Wikipedia]] [[am:ዊኪፔድያ]] [[an:Biquipedia]] [[ang:Wicipǣdia]] [[ar:ويكيبيديا]] [[ast:Uiquipedia]] [[ay:Wikipedia]] [[bat-smg:Vikipedėjė]] [[be:Вікіпэдыя]] [[bg:Уикипедия]] [[bm:Wikipedia]] [[bn:উইকিপিডিয়া]] [[br:Wikipedia]] [[bs:Wikipedia]] [[ca:Viquipèdia]] [[ceb:Wikipedya]] [[chr:ᏫᎩᏇᏗᏯ]] [[co:Wikipedia]] [[cr:ᐎᑭᐱᑎᔭ]] [[cs:Wikipedie]] [[csb:Wikipedijô]] [[cv:Википеди]] [[cy:Wicipedia]] [[da:Wikipedia]] [[de:Wikipedia]] [[dv:ވިކިޕީޑިއާ]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια]] [[en:Wikipedia]] [[eo:Vikipedio]] [[es:Wikipedia]] [[et:Vikipeedia]] [[eu:Wikipedia]] [[fa:ویکی‌پدیا]] [[fi:Wikipedia]] [[fiu-vro:Vikipeediä]] [[fj:Wikipedia]] [[fo:Wikipedia]] [[fr:Wikipédia]] [[frp:Vuiquipèdia]] [[fur:Vichipedie]] [[ga:Vicipéid]] [[gd:Wikipedia]] [[gl:Wikipedia]] [[gu:વિકિપીડિયા]] [[gv:Wikipedia]] [[he:ויקיפדיה]] [[hi:विकिपीडिया]] [[hr:Wikipedija]] [[ht:Wikipedia]] [[hu:Wikipédia]] [[hy:Վիքիփեդիա]] [[ia:Wikipedia]] [[id:Wikipedia]] [[ilo:Wikipedia]] [[io:Wikipedio]] [[is:Wikipedia]] [[it:Wikipedia]] [[ja:ウィキペディア]] [[jbo:uikiPEdi,as]] [[jv:Wikipedia]] [[ka:ვიკიპედია]] [[kl:Wikipedia]] [[kn:ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ]] [[ko:위키백과]] [[ku:Wikipedia]] [[kw:Wikipedia]] [[la:Vicipaedia]] [[lad:ויקיפידיה]] [[lb:Wikipedia]] [[li:Wikipedia]] [[lmo:Wikipedia]] [[lt:Vikipedija]] [[lv:Vikipēdija]] [[mi:Wikipedia]] [[mk:Википедија]] [[ml:വിക്കിപീഡിയ]] [[mo:Википедия]] [[mr:विकिपीडिआ]] [[ms:Wikipedia]] [[mt:Wikipedija]] [[na:Wikipedia]] [[nah:Wikipedia]] [[nds:Wikipedia]] [[nds-nl:Wikipedia]] [[ng:Wikipedia]] [[nl:Wikipedia]] [[nn:Wikipedia]] [[no:Wikipedia]] [[nrm:Viqùipédie]] [[oc:Oiquipedià]] [[os:Википеди]] [[pl:Wikipedia]] [[pt:Wikipédia]] [[qu:Wikipidiya]] [[rmy:Vikipidiya]] [[ro:Wikipedia]] [[roa-rup:Uichipedia]] [[ru:Википедия]] [[sc:Wikipedia]] [[scn:Wikipedia]] [[sco:Wikipaedia]] [[sh:Wikipedia]] [[si:විකිපීඩියා]] [[simple:Wikipedia]] [[sk:Wikipédia]] [[sl:Wikipedija]] [[so:Wikipedia]] [[sq:Wikipedia]] [[sr:Википедија]] [[su:Wikipédia]] [[sv:Wikipedia]] [[sw:Wikipedia]] [[ta:விக்கிபீடியா]] [[th:วิกิพีเดีย]] [[tl:Wikipedia]] [[tpi:Wikipedia]] [[tr:Vikipedi]] [[tt:Wikipedia]] [[uk:Вікіпедія]] [[uz:Vikipediya]] [[vec:Wikipedia]] [[vi:Wikipedia]] [[wa:Wikipedia]] [[war:Wikipedia]] [[yi:‫װיקיפּעדיע]] [[zh:维基百科]] [[zh-min-nan:Wikipedia]] [[zh-yue:維基百科]] 8931 2006-07-21T06:33:45Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: fy, mg, pap Modifie: mr Wikipedia eza [[ensyclopedie]] óyo. Bato batangaka ngo bakomaka ngo. [[Category:Wikipedia]] [[af:Wikipedia]] [[als:Wikipedia]] [[am:ዊኪፔድያ]] [[an:Biquipedia]] [[ang:Wicipǣdia]] [[ar:ويكيبيديا]] [[ast:Uiquipedia]] [[ay:Wikipedia]] [[bat-smg:Vikipedėjė]] [[be:Вікіпэдыя]] [[bg:Уикипедия]] [[bm:Wikipedia]] [[bn:উইকিপিডিয়া]] [[br:Wikipedia]] [[bs:Wikipedia]] [[ca:Viquipèdia]] [[ceb:Wikipedya]] [[chr:ᏫᎩᏇᏗᏯ]] [[co:Wikipedia]] [[cr:ᐎᑭᐱᑎᔭ]] [[cs:Wikipedie]] [[csb:Wikipedijô]] [[cv:Википеди]] [[cy:Wicipedia]] [[da:Wikipedia]] [[de:Wikipedia]] [[dv:ވިކިޕީޑިއާ]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια]] [[en:Wikipedia]] [[eo:Vikipedio]] [[es:Wikipedia]] [[et:Vikipeedia]] [[eu:Wikipedia]] [[fa:ویکی‌پدیا]] [[fi:Wikipedia]] [[fiu-vro:Vikipeediä]] [[fj:Wikipedia]] [[fo:Wikipedia]] [[fr:Wikipédia]] [[frp:Vuiquipèdia]] [[fur:Vichipedie]] [[fy:Wikipedy]] [[ga:Vicipéid]] [[gd:Wikipedia]] [[gl:Wikipedia]] [[gu:વિકિપીડિયા]] [[gv:Wikipedia]] [[he:ויקיפדיה]] [[hi:विकिपीडिया]] [[hr:Wikipedija]] [[ht:Wikipedia]] [[hu:Wikipédia]] [[hy:Վիքիփեդիա]] [[ia:Wikipedia]] [[id:Wikipedia]] [[ilo:Wikipedia]] [[io:Wikipedio]] [[is:Wikipedia]] [[it:Wikipedia]] [[ja:ウィキペディア]] [[jbo:uikiPEdi,as]] [[jv:Wikipedia]] [[ka:ვიკიპედია]] [[kl:Wikipedia]] [[kn:ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ]] [[ko:위키백과]] [[ku:Wikipedia]] [[kw:Wikipedia]] [[la:Vicipaedia]] [[lad:ויקיפידיה]] [[lb:Wikipedia]] [[li:Wikipedia]] [[lmo:Wikipedia]] [[lt:Vikipedija]] [[lv:Vikipēdija]] [[mg:Wikipedia]] [[mi:Wikipedia]] [[mk:Википедија]] [[ml:വിക്കിപീഡിയ]] [[mo:Википедия]] [[mr:विकिपिडीया]] [[ms:Wikipedia]] [[mt:Wikipedija]] [[na:Wikipedia]] [[nah:Wikipedia]] [[nds:Wikipedia]] [[nds-nl:Wikipedia]] [[ng:Wikipedia]] [[nl:Wikipedia]] [[nn:Wikipedia]] [[no:Wikipedia]] [[nrm:Viqùipédie]] [[oc:Oiquipedià]] [[os:Википеди]] [[pap:Wikipedia]] [[pl:Wikipedia]] [[pt:Wikipédia]] [[qu:Wikipidiya]] [[rmy:Vikipidiya]] [[ro:Wikipedia]] [[roa-rup:Uichipedia]] [[ru:Википедия]] [[sc:Wikipedia]] [[scn:Wikipedia]] [[sco:Wikipaedia]] [[sh:Wikipedia]] [[si:විකිපීඩියා]] [[simple:Wikipedia]] [[sk:Wikipédia]] [[sl:Wikipedija]] [[so:Wikipedia]] [[sq:Wikipedia]] [[sr:Википедија]] [[su:Wikipédia]] [[sv:Wikipedia]] [[sw:Wikipedia]] [[ta:விக்கிபீடியா]] [[th:วิกิพีเดีย]] [[tl:Wikipedia]] [[tpi:Wikipedia]] [[tr:Vikipedi]] [[tt:Wikipedia]] [[uk:Вікіпедія]] [[uz:Vikipediya]] [[vec:Wikipedia]] [[vi:Wikipedia]] [[wa:Wikipedia]] [[war:Wikipedia]] [[yi:‫װיקיפּעדיע]] [[zh:维基百科]] [[zh-min-nan:Wikipedia]] [[zh-yue:維基百科]] 8971 2006-07-27T05:47:32Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Modifie: oc Wikipedia eza [[ensyclopedie]] óyo. Bato batangaka ngo bakomaka ngo. [[Category:Wikipedia]] [[af:Wikipedia]] [[als:Wikipedia]] [[am:ዊኪፔድያ]] [[an:Biquipedia]] [[ang:Wicipǣdia]] [[ar:ويكيبيديا]] [[ast:Uiquipedia]] [[ay:Wikipedia]] [[bat-smg:Vikipedėjė]] [[be:Вікіпэдыя]] [[bg:Уикипедия]] [[bm:Wikipedia]] [[bn:উইকিপিডিয়া]] [[br:Wikipedia]] [[bs:Wikipedia]] [[ca:Viquipèdia]] [[ceb:Wikipedya]] [[chr:ᏫᎩᏇᏗᏯ]] [[co:Wikipedia]] [[cr:ᐎᑭᐱᑎᔭ]] [[cs:Wikipedie]] [[csb:Wikipedijô]] [[cv:Википеди]] [[cy:Wicipedia]] [[da:Wikipedia]] [[de:Wikipedia]] [[dv:ވިކިޕީޑިއާ]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια]] [[en:Wikipedia]] [[eo:Vikipedio]] [[es:Wikipedia]] [[et:Vikipeedia]] [[eu:Wikipedia]] [[fa:ویکی‌پدیا]] [[fi:Wikipedia]] [[fiu-vro:Vikipeediä]] [[fj:Wikipedia]] [[fo:Wikipedia]] [[fr:Wikipédia]] [[frp:Vuiquipèdia]] [[fur:Vichipedie]] [[fy:Wikipedy]] [[ga:Vicipéid]] [[gd:Wikipedia]] [[gl:Wikipedia]] [[gu:વિકિપીડિયા]] [[gv:Wikipedia]] [[he:ויקיפדיה]] [[hi:विकिपीडिया]] [[hr:Wikipedija]] [[ht:Wikipedia]] [[hu:Wikipédia]] [[hy:Վիքիփեդիա]] [[ia:Wikipedia]] [[id:Wikipedia]] [[ilo:Wikipedia]] [[io:Wikipedio]] [[is:Wikipedia]] [[it:Wikipedia]] [[ja:ウィキペディア]] [[jbo:uikiPEdi,as]] [[jv:Wikipedia]] [[ka:ვიკიპედია]] [[kl:Wikipedia]] [[kn:ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ]] [[ko:위키백과]] [[ku:Wikipedia]] [[kw:Wikipedia]] [[la:Vicipaedia]] [[lad:ויקיפידיה]] [[lb:Wikipedia]] [[li:Wikipedia]] [[lmo:Wikipedia]] [[lt:Vikipedija]] [[lv:Vikipēdija]] [[mg:Wikipedia]] [[mi:Wikipedia]] [[mk:Википедија]] [[ml:വിക്കിപീഡിയ]] [[mo:Википедия]] [[mr:विकिपिडीया]] [[ms:Wikipedia]] [[mt:Wikipedija]] [[na:Wikipedia]] [[nah:Wikipedia]] [[nds:Wikipedia]] [[nds-nl:Wikipedia]] [[ng:Wikipedia]] [[nl:Wikipedia]] [[nn:Wikipedia]] [[no:Wikipedia]] [[nrm:Viqùipédie]] [[oc:Wikipèdia]] [[os:Википеди]] [[pap:Wikipedia]] [[pl:Wikipedia]] [[pt:Wikipédia]] [[qu:Wikipidiya]] [[rmy:Vikipidiya]] [[ro:Wikipedia]] [[roa-rup:Uichipedia]] [[ru:Википедия]] [[sc:Wikipedia]] [[scn:Wikipedia]] [[sco:Wikipaedia]] [[sh:Wikipedia]] [[si:විකිපීඩියා]] [[simple:Wikipedia]] [[sk:Wikipédia]] [[sl:Wikipedija]] [[so:Wikipedia]] [[sq:Wikipedia]] [[sr:Википедија]] [[su:Wikipédia]] [[sv:Wikipedia]] [[sw:Wikipedia]] [[ta:விக்கிபீடியா]] [[th:วิกิพีเดีย]] [[tl:Wikipedia]] [[tpi:Wikipedia]] [[tr:Vikipedi]] [[tt:Wikipedia]] [[uk:Вікіпедія]] [[uz:Vikipediya]] [[vec:Wikipedia]] [[vi:Wikipedia]] [[wa:Wikipedia]] [[war:Wikipedia]] [[yi:‫װיקיפּעדיע]] [[zh:维基百科]] [[zh-min-nan:Wikipedia]] [[zh-yue:維基百科]] 9067 2006-08-05T10:21:23Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: [[kk:Уикипедия]] Wikipedia eza [[ensyclopedie]] óyo. Bato batangaka ngo bakomaka ngo. [[Category:Wikipedia]] [[af:Wikipedia]] [[als:Wikipedia]] [[am:ዊኪፔድያ]] [[an:Biquipedia]] [[ang:Wicipǣdia]] [[ar:ويكيبيديا]] [[ast:Uiquipedia]] [[ay:Wikipedia]] [[bat-smg:Vikipedėjė]] [[be:Вікіпэдыя]] [[bg:Уикипедия]] [[bm:Wikipedia]] [[bn:উইকিপিডিয়া]] [[br:Wikipedia]] [[bs:Wikipedia]] [[ca:Viquipèdia]] [[ceb:Wikipedya]] [[chr:ᏫᎩᏇᏗᏯ]] [[co:Wikipedia]] [[cr:ᐎᑭᐱᑎᔭ]] [[cs:Wikipedie]] [[csb:Wikipedijô]] [[cv:Википеди]] [[cy:Wicipedia]] [[da:Wikipedia]] [[de:Wikipedia]] [[dv:ވިކިޕީޑިއާ]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια]] [[en:Wikipedia]] [[eo:Vikipedio]] [[es:Wikipedia]] [[et:Vikipeedia]] [[eu:Wikipedia]] [[fa:ویکی‌پدیا]] [[fi:Wikipedia]] [[fiu-vro:Vikipeediä]] [[fj:Wikipedia]] [[fo:Wikipedia]] [[fr:Wikipédia]] [[frp:Vuiquipèdia]] [[fur:Vichipedie]] [[fy:Wikipedy]] [[ga:Vicipéid]] [[gd:Wikipedia]] [[gl:Wikipedia]] [[gu:વિકિપીડિયા]] [[gv:Wikipedia]] [[he:ויקיפדיה]] [[hi:विकिपीडिया]] [[hr:Wikipedija]] [[ht:Wikipedia]] [[hu:Wikipédia]] [[hy:Վիքիփեդիա]] [[ia:Wikipedia]] [[id:Wikipedia]] [[ilo:Wikipedia]] [[io:Wikipedio]] [[is:Wikipedia]] [[it:Wikipedia]] [[ja:ウィキペディア]] [[jbo:uikiPEdi,as]] [[jv:Wikipedia]] [[ka:ვიკიპედია]] [[kk:Уикипедия]] [[kl:Wikipedia]] [[kn:ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ]] [[ko:위키백과]] [[ku:Wikipedia]] [[kw:Wikipedia]] [[la:Vicipaedia]] [[lad:ויקיפידיה]] [[lb:Wikipedia]] [[li:Wikipedia]] [[lmo:Wikipedia]] [[lt:Vikipedija]] [[lv:Vikipēdija]] [[mg:Wikipedia]] [[mi:Wikipedia]] [[mk:Википедија]] [[ml:വിക്കിപീഡിയ]] [[mo:Википедия]] [[mr:विकिपिडीया]] [[ms:Wikipedia]] [[mt:Wikipedija]] [[na:Wikipedia]] [[nah:Wikipedia]] [[nds:Wikipedia]] [[nds-nl:Wikipedia]] [[ng:Wikipedia]] [[nl:Wikipedia]] [[nn:Wikipedia]] [[no:Wikipedia]] [[nrm:Viqùipédie]] [[oc:Wikipèdia]] [[os:Википеди]] [[pap:Wikipedia]] [[pl:Wikipedia]] [[pt:Wikipédia]] [[qu:Wikipidiya]] [[rmy:Vikipidiya]] [[ro:Wikipedia]] [[roa-rup:Uichipedia]] [[ru:Википедия]] [[sc:Wikipedia]] [[scn:Wikipedia]] [[sco:Wikipaedia]] [[sh:Wikipedia]] [[si:විකිපීඩියා]] [[simple:Wikipedia]] [[sk:Wikipédia]] [[sl:Wikipedija]] [[so:Wikipedia]] [[sq:Wikipedia]] [[sr:Википедија]] [[su:Wikipédia]] [[sv:Wikipedia]] [[sw:Wikipedia]] [[ta:விக்கிபீடியா]] [[th:วิกิพีเดีย]] [[tl:Wikipedia]] [[tpi:Wikipedia]] [[tr:Vikipedi]] [[tt:Wikipedia]] [[uk:Вікіпедія]] [[uz:Vikipediya]] [[vec:Wikipedia]] [[vi:Wikipedia]] [[wa:Wikipedia]] [[war:Wikipedia]] [[yi:‫װיקיפּעדיע]] [[zh:维基百科]] [[zh-min-nan:Wikipedia]] [[zh-yue:維基百科]] 9099 2006-08-13T13:15:39Z Robbot 14 robot Retire: [[cr:ᐎᑭᐱᑎᔭ]] Wikipedia eza [[ensyclopedie]] óyo. Bato batangaka ngo bakomaka ngo. [[Category:Wikipedia]] [[af:Wikipedia]] [[als:Wikipedia]] [[am:ዊኪፔድያ]] [[an:Biquipedia]] [[ang:Wicipǣdia]] [[ar:ويكيبيديا]] [[ast:Uiquipedia]] [[ay:Wikipedia]] [[bat-smg:Vikipedėjė]] [[be:Вікіпэдыя]] [[bg:Уикипедия]] [[bm:Wikipedia]] [[bn:উইকিপিডিয়া]] [[br:Wikipedia]] [[bs:Wikipedia]] [[ca:Viquipèdia]] [[ceb:Wikipedya]] [[chr:ᏫᎩᏇᏗᏯ]] [[co:Wikipedia]] [[cs:Wikipedie]] [[csb:Wikipedijô]] [[cv:Википеди]] [[cy:Wicipedia]] [[da:Wikipedia]] [[de:Wikipedia]] [[dv:ވިކިޕީޑިއާ]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια]] [[en:Wikipedia]] [[eo:Vikipedio]] [[es:Wikipedia]] [[et:Vikipeedia]] [[eu:Wikipedia]] [[fa:ویکی‌پدیا]] [[fi:Wikipedia]] [[fiu-vro:Vikipeediä]] [[fj:Wikipedia]] [[fo:Wikipedia]] [[fr:Wikipédia]] [[frp:Vuiquipèdia]] [[fur:Vichipedie]] [[fy:Wikipedy]] [[ga:Vicipéid]] [[gd:Wikipedia]] [[gl:Wikipedia]] [[gu:વિકિપીડિયા]] [[gv:Wikipedia]] [[he:ויקיפדיה]] [[hi:विकिपीडिया]] [[hr:Wikipedija]] [[ht:Wikipedia]] [[hu:Wikipédia]] [[hy:Վիքիփեդիա]] [[ia:Wikipedia]] [[id:Wikipedia]] [[ilo:Wikipedia]] [[io:Wikipedio]] [[is:Wikipedia]] [[it:Wikipedia]] [[ja:ウィキペディア]] [[jbo:uikiPEdi,as]] [[jv:Wikipedia]] [[ka:ვიკიპედია]] [[kk:Уикипедия]] [[kl:Wikipedia]] [[kn:ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ]] [[ko:위키백과]] [[ku:Wikipedia]] [[kw:Wikipedia]] [[la:Vicipaedia]] [[lad:ויקיפידיה]] [[lb:Wikipedia]] [[li:Wikipedia]] [[lmo:Wikipedia]] [[lt:Vikipedija]] [[lv:Vikipēdija]] [[mg:Wikipedia]] [[mi:Wikipedia]] [[mk:Википедија]] [[ml:വിക്കിപീഡിയ]] [[mo:Википедия]] [[mr:विकिपिडीया]] [[ms:Wikipedia]] [[mt:Wikipedija]] [[na:Wikipedia]] [[nah:Wikipedia]] [[nds:Wikipedia]] [[nds-nl:Wikipedia]] [[ng:Wikipedia]] [[nl:Wikipedia]] [[nn:Wikipedia]] [[no:Wikipedia]] [[nrm:Viqùipédie]] [[oc:Wikipèdia]] [[os:Википеди]] [[pap:Wikipedia]] [[pl:Wikipedia]] [[pt:Wikipédia]] [[qu:Wikipidiya]] [[rmy:Vikipidiya]] [[ro:Wikipedia]] [[roa-rup:Uichipedia]] [[ru:Википедия]] [[sc:Wikipedia]] [[scn:Wikipedia]] [[sco:Wikipaedia]] [[sh:Wikipedia]] [[si:විකිපීඩියා]] [[simple:Wikipedia]] [[sk:Wikipédia]] [[sl:Wikipedija]] [[so:Wikipedia]] [[sq:Wikipedia]] [[sr:Википедија]] [[su:Wikipédia]] [[sv:Wikipedia]] [[sw:Wikipedia]] [[ta:விக்கிபீடியா]] [[th:วิกิพีเดีย]] [[tl:Wikipedia]] [[tpi:Wikipedia]] [[tr:Vikipedi]] [[tt:Wikipedia]] [[uk:Вікіпедія]] [[uz:Vikipediya]] [[vec:Wikipedia]] [[vi:Wikipedia]] [[wa:Wikipedia]] [[war:Wikipedia]] [[yi:‫װיקיפּעדיע]] [[zh:维基百科]] [[zh-min-nan:Wikipedia]] [[zh-yue:維基百科]] 9160 2006-08-25T14:45:05Z YurikBot 76 robot Modifie: [[jbo:uikipedias]], [[nah:Huiquipedia]] Wikipedia eza [[ensyclopedie]] óyo. Bato batangaka ngo bakomaka ngo. [[Category:Wikipedia]] [[af:Wikipedia]] [[als:Wikipedia]] [[am:ዊኪፔድያ]] [[an:Biquipedia]] [[ang:Wicipǣdia]] [[ar:ويكيبيديا]] [[ast:Uiquipedia]] [[ay:Wikipedia]] [[bat-smg:Vikipedėjė]] [[be:Вікіпэдыя]] [[bg:Уикипедия]] [[bm:Wikipedia]] [[bn:উইকিপিডিয়া]] [[br:Wikipedia]] [[bs:Wikipedia]] [[ca:Viquipèdia]] [[ceb:Wikipedya]] [[chr:ᏫᎩᏇᏗᏯ]] [[co:Wikipedia]] [[cs:Wikipedie]] [[csb:Wikipedijô]] [[cv:Википеди]] [[cy:Wicipedia]] [[da:Wikipedia]] [[de:Wikipedia]] [[dv:ވިކިޕީޑިއާ]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια]] [[en:Wikipedia]] [[eo:Vikipedio]] [[es:Wikipedia]] [[et:Vikipeedia]] [[eu:Wikipedia]] [[fa:ویکی‌پدیا]] [[fi:Wikipedia]] [[fiu-vro:Vikipeediä]] [[fj:Wikipedia]] [[fo:Wikipedia]] [[fr:Wikipédia]] [[frp:Vuiquipèdia]] [[fur:Vichipedie]] [[fy:Wikipedy]] [[ga:Vicipéid]] [[gd:Wikipedia]] [[gl:Wikipedia]] [[gu:વિકિપીડિયા]] [[gv:Wikipedia]] [[he:ויקיפדיה]] [[hi:विकिपीडिया]] [[hr:Wikipedija]] [[ht:Wikipedia]] [[hu:Wikipédia]] [[hy:Վիքիփեդիա]] [[ia:Wikipedia]] [[id:Wikipedia]] [[ilo:Wikipedia]] [[io:Wikipedio]] [[is:Wikipedia]] [[it:Wikipedia]] [[ja:ウィキペディア]] [[jbo:uikipedias]] [[jv:Wikipedia]] [[ka:ვიკიპედია]] [[kk:Уикипедия]] [[kl:Wikipedia]] [[kn:ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ]] [[ko:위키백과]] [[ku:Wikipedia]] [[kw:Wikipedia]] [[la:Vicipaedia]] [[lad:ויקיפידיה]] [[lb:Wikipedia]] [[li:Wikipedia]] [[lmo:Wikipedia]] [[lt:Vikipedija]] [[lv:Vikipēdija]] [[mg:Wikipedia]] [[mi:Wikipedia]] [[mk:Википедија]] [[ml:വിക്കിപീഡിയ]] [[mo:Википедия]] [[mr:विकिपिडीया]] [[ms:Wikipedia]] [[mt:Wikipedija]] [[na:Wikipedia]] [[nah:Huiquipedia]] [[nds:Wikipedia]] [[nds-nl:Wikipedia]] [[ng:Wikipedia]] [[nl:Wikipedia]] [[nn:Wikipedia]] [[no:Wikipedia]] [[nrm:Viqùipédie]] [[oc:Wikipèdia]] [[os:Википеди]] [[pap:Wikipedia]] [[pl:Wikipedia]] [[pt:Wikipédia]] [[qu:Wikipidiya]] [[rmy:Vikipidiya]] [[ro:Wikipedia]] [[roa-rup:Uichipedia]] [[ru:Википедия]] [[sc:Wikipedia]] [[scn:Wikipedia]] [[sco:Wikipaedia]] [[sh:Wikipedia]] [[si:විකිපීඩියා]] [[simple:Wikipedia]] [[sk:Wikipédia]] [[sl:Wikipedija]] [[so:Wikipedia]] [[sq:Wikipedia]] [[sr:Википедија]] [[su:Wikipédia]] [[sv:Wikipedia]] [[sw:Wikipedia]] [[ta:விக்கிபீடியா]] [[th:วิกิพีเดีย]] [[tl:Wikipedia]] [[tpi:Wikipedia]] [[tr:Vikipedi]] [[tt:Wikipedia]] [[uk:Вікіпедія]] [[uz:Vikipediya]] [[vec:Wikipedia]] [[vi:Wikipedia]] [[wa:Wikipedia]] [[war:Wikipedia]] [[yi:‫װיקיפּעדיע]] [[zh:维基百科]] [[zh-min-nan:Wikipedia]] [[zh-yue:維基百科]] 9367 2006-09-17T22:05:28Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: chy, cr Modifie: roa-rup Wikipedia eza [[ensyclopedie]] óyo. Bato batangaka ngo bakomaka ngo. [[Category:Wikipedia]] [[af:Wikipedia]] [[als:Wikipedia]] [[am:ዊኪፔድያ]] [[an:Biquipedia]] [[ang:Wicipǣdia]] [[ar:ويكيبيديا]] [[ast:Uiquipedia]] [[ay:Wikipedia]] [[bat-smg:Vikipedėjė]] [[be:Вікіпэдыя]] [[bg:Уикипедия]] [[bm:Wikipedia]] [[bn:উইকিপিডিয়া]] [[br:Wikipedia]] [[bs:Wikipedia]] [[ca:Viquipèdia]] [[ceb:Wikipedya]] [[chr:ᏫᎩᏇᏗᏯ]] [[chy:Wikipedia]] [[co:Wikipedia]] [[cr:ᐎᑭᐱᑎᔭ]] [[cs:Wikipedie]] [[csb:Wikipedijô]] [[cv:Википеди]] [[cy:Wicipedia]] [[da:Wikipedia]] [[de:Wikipedia]] [[dv:ވިކިޕީޑިއާ]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια]] [[en:Wikipedia]] [[eo:Vikipedio]] [[es:Wikipedia]] [[et:Vikipeedia]] [[eu:Wikipedia]] [[fa:ویکی‌پدیا]] [[fi:Wikipedia]] [[fiu-vro:Vikipeediä]] [[fj:Wikipedia]] [[fo:Wikipedia]] [[fr:Wikipédia]] [[frp:Vuiquipèdia]] [[fur:Vichipedie]] [[fy:Wikipedy]] [[ga:Vicipéid]] [[gd:Wikipedia]] [[gl:Wikipedia]] [[gu:વિકિપીડિયા]] [[gv:Wikipedia]] [[he:ויקיפדיה]] [[hi:विकिपीडिया]] [[hr:Wikipedija]] [[ht:Wikipedia]] [[hu:Wikipédia]] [[hy:Վիքիփեդիա]] [[ia:Wikipedia]] [[id:Wikipedia]] [[ilo:Wikipedia]] [[io:Wikipedio]] [[is:Wikipedia]] [[it:Wikipedia]] [[ja:ウィキペディア]] [[jbo:uikipedias]] [[jv:Wikipedia]] [[ka:ვიკიპედია]] [[kk:Уикипедия]] [[kl:Wikipedia]] [[kn:ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ]] [[ko:위키백과]] [[ku:Wikipedia]] [[kw:Wikipedia]] [[la:Vicipaedia]] [[lad:ויקיפידיה]] [[lb:Wikipedia]] [[li:Wikipedia]] [[lmo:Wikipedia]] [[lt:Vikipedija]] [[lv:Vikipēdija]] [[mg:Wikipedia]] [[mi:Wikipedia]] [[mk:Википедија]] [[ml:വിക്കിപീഡിയ]] [[mo:Википедия]] [[mr:विकिपिडीया]] [[ms:Wikipedia]] [[mt:Wikipedija]] [[na:Wikipedia]] [[nah:Huiquipedia]] [[nds:Wikipedia]] [[nds-nl:Wikipedia]] [[ng:Wikipedia]] [[nl:Wikipedia]] [[nn:Wikipedia]] [[no:Wikipedia]] [[nrm:Viqùipédie]] [[oc:Wikipèdia]] [[os:Википеди]] [[pap:Wikipedia]] [[pl:Wikipedia]] [[pt:Wikipédia]] [[qu:Wikipidiya]] [[rmy:Vikipidiya]] [[ro:Wikipedia]] [[roa-rup:Wikipedia]] [[ru:Википедия]] [[sc:Wikipedia]] [[scn:Wikipedia]] [[sco:Wikipaedia]] [[sh:Wikipedia]] [[si:විකිපීඩියා]] [[simple:Wikipedia]] [[sk:Wikipédia]] [[sl:Wikipedija]] [[so:Wikipedia]] [[sq:Wikipedia]] [[sr:Википедија]] [[su:Wikipédia]] [[sv:Wikipedia]] [[sw:Wikipedia]] [[ta:விக்கிபீடியா]] [[th:วิกิพีเดีย]] [[tl:Wikipedia]] [[tpi:Wikipedia]] [[tr:Vikipedi]] [[tt:Wikipedia]] [[uk:Вікіпедія]] [[uz:Vikipediya]] [[vec:Wikipedia]] [[vi:Wikipedia]] [[wa:Wikipedia]] [[war:Wikipedia]] [[yi:‫װיקיפּעדיע]] [[zh:维基百科]] [[zh-min-nan:Wikipedia]] [[zh-yue:維基百科]] 9405 2006-10-01T05:57:02Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: tg Wikipedia eza [[ensyclopedie]] óyo. Bato batangaka ngo bakomaka ngo. 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[[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Almwali]] [[de:Wappen der Demokratischen Republik Kongo]] [[en:Coat of arms of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:Escudo de la República Democrática del Congo]] [[he:סמל הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] 7817 2006-03-08T13:50:29Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png|thumb|Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki ya 2006]] '''Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa''' na 2006. ===Historia=== <gallery> Image:Zaire-Arm-1971-1997.png|Almwali ya [[Zaire ]] 1971 tee 1997) Image:Congo dem coa 1999.png|Almwali (1997 tee 2003) Image:Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2003.svg|Almwali (2003 tee 2006) </gallery> ==Tála mpé== * [[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] ==Nkásá o libándá== [http://www.flaggenlexikon.de/fkongoki.htm#Ursprung_des_Wappens] Historia ya Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ (lialémani / lingɛlɛ́sa) ''(If you can: please translate to this page. — Wennn du kannst: Bitte übersetze für diese Seite.)'' [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Almwali]] [[de:Wappen der Demokratischen Republik Kongo]] [[en:Coat of arms of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:Escudo de la República Democrática del Congo]] [[he:סמל הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] 7859 2006-03-27T02:44:24Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: fr, ja [[Image:Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png|thumb|Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki ya 2006]] '''Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa''' na 2006. ===Historia=== <gallery> Image:Zaire-Arm-1971-1997.png|Almwali ya [[Zaire ]] 1971 tee 1997) Image:Congo dem coa 1999.png|Almwali (1997 tee 2003) Image:Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2003.svg|Almwali (2003 tee 2006) </gallery> ==Tála mpé== * [[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] ==Nkásá o libándá== [http://www.flaggenlexikon.de/fkongoki.htm#Ursprung_des_Wappens] Historia ya Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ (lialémani / lingɛlɛ́sa) ''(If you can: please translate to this page. — Wennn du kannst: Bitte übersetze für diese Seite.)'' [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Almwali]] [[de:Wappen der Demokratischen Republik Kongo]] [[en:Coat of arms of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:Escudo de la República Democrática del Congo]] [[fr:Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo]] [[he:סמל הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国の国章]] 8992 2006-08-02T05:26:38Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국의 문장]] [[Image:Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2006.png|thumb|Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki ya 2006]] '''Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa''' na 2006. ===Historia=== <gallery> Image:Zaire-Arm-1971-1997.png|Almwali ya [[Zaire ]] 1971 tee 1997) Image:Congo dem coa 1999.png|Almwali (1997 tee 2003) Image:Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo - 2003.svg|Almwali (2003 tee 2006) </gallery> ==Tála mpé== * [[Bɛndɛ́lɛ ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] ==Nkásá o libándá== [http://www.flaggenlexikon.de/fkongoki.htm#Ursprung_des_Wappens] Historia ya Almwali ya Kɔ́ngɔ (lialémani / lingɛlɛ́sa) ''(If you can: please translate to this page. — Wennn du kannst: Bitte übersetze für diese Seite.)'' [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[Category:Almwali]] [[de:Wappen der Demokratischen Republik Kongo]] [[en:Coat of arms of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[es:Escudo de la República Democrática del Congo]] [[fr:Armoiries de la République démocratique du Congo]] [[he:סמל הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית של קונגו]] [[ja:コンゴ民主共和国の国章]] [[ko:콩고 민주 공화국의 문장]] Talk:Mbóka-mokonzi 2079 7348 2005-12-14T02:58:57Z 61.36.151.130 <div style="overflow: auto; height: 1px;"> [http://b2.boards2go.com/boards/board.cgi?user=giko scat girls] [http://b2.boards2go.com/boards/board.cgi?user=andreyx scat porn] [http://b2.boards2go.com/boards/board.cgi?user=bounty scat clips] [http://h1.ripway.com/bounty/ scat] [http://h1.ripway.com/bounty/scat-girls.html scat girls] [http://h1.ripway.com/bounty/gay-scat.html gay scat] [http://h1.ripway.com/bounty/japanese-scat.html japanese scat] [http://h1.ripway.com/bounty/scat-movies.html scat movies] [http://h1.ripway.com/bounty/free-scat.html free scat] [http://h1.ripway.com/bounty/scat-sex.html scat sex] [http://h1.ripway.com/bounty/lesbian-scat.html lesbian scat] [http://h1.ripway.com/bounty/scat-porn.html scat porn] [http://h1.ripway.com/bounty/asian-scat.html asian scat] [http://h1.ripway.com/bounty/scat-man.html scat man] [http://h1.ripway.com/bounty/scat-clips.html scat clips] </div> 7360 2005-12-14T09:47:05Z Moyogo 11 clean 7377 2005-12-18T12:02:27Z 211.33.190.21 <div style="overflow: auto; height: 1px;"> [http://adult.dynu.net/adult/ adult] [http://adult.dynu.net/dildo/ dildo] [http://adult.dynu.net/paris-hilton-nude/ paris hilton nude] [http://adult.dynu.net/sexy-lingerie/ sexy lingerie] [http://adult.dynu.net/strip-poker/ strip poker] [http://adult.dynu.net/erotic-games-strip-poker/ erotic games strip poker] [http://adult.dynu.net/online-poker/ online poker] [http://adult.dynu.net/betting-websites/ betting websites] [http://adult.dynu.net/black-jack/ black jack] [http://adult.dynu.net/card-game/ card game] [http://adult.dynu.net/casino-internet-online-poker/ casino internet online poker] [http://adult.dynu.net/gambling-sites/ gambling sites] [http://adult.dynu.net/lottery-america/ lottery america] [http://adult.dynu.net/online-casino/ online casino] [http://adult.dynu.net/poker/ poker] [http://adult.dynu.net/slots/ slots] [http://adult.dynu.net/sports-betting/ sports betting] [http://adult.dynu.net/wagering/ wagering] </div> 7390 2005-12-18T12:09:36Z Moyogo 11 Reverted edit of 211.33.190.21, changed back to last version by Moyogo 7502 2006-01-06T00:34:17Z 219.93.174.105 <div style="overflow: auto; height: 1px;"> [http://dir.fasthoster.de/ adrianne curry] [http://dir.fasthoster.de/afroman.html afroman] [http://dir.fasthoster.de/anorexic-pictures.html anorexic pictures] [http://dir.fasthoster.de/angela-devi.html angela devi] [http://dir.fasthoster.de/abby-winters.html abby winters] [http://dir.fasthoster.de/alley-baggett.html alley baggett] [http://dir.fasthoster.de/amtrack.html amtrack] [http://dir.fasthoster.de/andy-milonakis.html andy milonakis] [http://dir.fasthoster.de/amish-paradise.html amish paradise] [http://dir.fasthoster.de/alessandra-ambrosio.html alessandra ambrosio] [http://dir.fasthoster.de/amerigo-vespucci.html amerigo vespucci] [http://dir.fasthoster.de/anna-faris.html anna faris] [http://dir.fasthoster.de/anna-ohura.html anna ohura] [http://dir.fasthoster.de/40and50plus.html 40and50plus] [http://dir.fasthoster.de/amanda-tapping.html amanda tapping] [http://dir.fasthoster.de/aolmail.html aolmail] [http://dir.fasthoster.de/99-red-balloons.html 99 red balloons] [http://dir.fasthoster.de/alley-bagget.html alley bagget] [http://dir.fasthoster.de/amelia-earhart.html amelia earhart] [http://dir.fasthoster.de/adele-stevens.html adele stevens] [http://dir.fasthoster.de/angie-harmon.html angie harmon] [http://dir.fasthoster.de/amy-dumas.html amy dumas] </div> 7511 2006-01-06T00:58:10Z Moyogo 11 Reverted edit of 219.93.174.105, changed back to last version by Moyogo 7515 2006-01-06T03:06:07Z Moyogo 11 [[Talk:Engumba mokonzi]] moved to [[Talk:Mbóka-mokonzi]] Wikipedia:Esíká ya komeka 2080 7351 2005-12-14T09:22:59Z Bombo 12 interwiki fr, es; cat [[fr:Wikipédia:Bac à sable]] [[es:Wikipedia:Zona de pruebas]] [[Category:Wikipedia]] 7718 2006-02-18T01:12:52Z Moyogo 11 [[Wikipedia:Esika yakomeka]] moved to [[Wikipedia:Esíká ya komeka]]: ortho [[fr:Wikipédia:Bac à sable]] [[es:Wikipedia:Zona de pruebas]] [[Category:Wikipedia]] 7721 2006-02-18T01:18:18Z Moyogo 11 '''Boyéí bolámu na Esíká ya komeka.'' '''Bonjour. Vous êtes dans le ''{{PAGENAME}}.'' Il est destiné à vous aider à vous familiariser avec le système de création et modification d'articles de Wikipédia (n'hésitez pas à consulter [[Aide:Syntaxe]]). Ici vous pouvez faire tous les tests que vous voulez. Il suffit de cliquer sur le lien « modifier » qui se trouve en haut de la page, de taper vos modifications et de cliquer sur « sauvegarder ». Vous pouvez également essayer de modifier [[Discussion Wikipédia:Bac à sable|la page de discussion]].''' Attention, bien que le bac à sable soit destiné aux tests en tout genre, les insultes et les propos déplacés ne sont pas tolérés tout comme sur les autres pages de Wikipédia. Si vous pouvez traduire ce texte :) Merci. ---- == Titre de deuxième niveau == Une liste : * Un lien interne direct: [[Special:Recentchanges]] * ''italiques'' * '''gras''' * '''''gras italiques''''' * Et ça marche avec les apostrophes : l''''automne''' sera pluvieux ! On numérote '''une''' liste ? # Pourquoi pas ? # Je veux bien ! # C'est facile... Par exemple : {{Ier siècle av. J.-C.}} ou encore {{XVIe siècle}} mais aussi 30 m{{2}} voire même 100 m{{3}} ! === Troisième niveau : comment utiliser les indices === Du texte normal peut contenir <sub>un indice</sub> pour des notations. ==== Quatrième niveau de titre : et maintenant les exposants ==== Du texte normal peut contenir aussi <sup>un exposant</sup>. ===== Cinquième niveau de titre ===== Pour passer au paragraphe suivant, il faut laisser une ligne blanche. Ici, on est toujours dans le même paragraphe. Et hop, voici le nouveau paragraphe ! ====== Sixième (et dernier) niveau de titre ====== Normalement, ça doit suffire pour découper un article en détail. == Références == Une référence<ref>ceci est le bac à sable</ref> et une autre<ref>note en ''italique'' ou en '''gras'''</ref> avec les notes tout en bas de la page. On peut même faire un lien pour un livre : ISBN 020171499X == Et pour les tableaux... == {| border="3" |+ Titre du tableau ! colonne 1 ! colonne 2 |----- | On peut aussi | faire des tableaux |----- | c'est bien pratique | pour présenter des données chiffrées |} == Et pour les images... == [[image:Arthur Rimbaud 01.PNG|100px|left|thumb|Arthur Rimbaud en 100px à gauche]] Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna aliquam erat volutpat. Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exerci tation ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis autem vel eum iriure dolor in hendrerit in vulputate velit esse molestie consequat, vel illum dolore eu feugiat nulla facilisis at vero eros et accumsan et iusto odio dignissim qui blandit praesent luptatum zzril delenit augue duis dolore te feugait nulla facilisi. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer [[image:Galapagos.JPG|250px|right|thumb|Les Îles Galapagos en 250px à droite]] Tautam reflexionem ad medium inertiam, laudate sauraia tam sistema questis : ''To philos estin hypostasias phylosei'' Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, In spirito convetis mundare sicit. Sed consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna aliquam erat volutpat. Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exerci tation ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis autem vel eum iriure dolor in hendrerit in vulputate velit esse molestie consequat, vel illum dolore eu feugiat nulla facilisis at vero eros et accumsan et iusto odio dignissim qui blandit praesent luptatum zzril delenit augue duis dolore te feugait nulla facilisi. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna aliquam erat volutpat. Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exerci tation ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis autem vel eum iriure dolor in hendrerit in vulputate velit esse molestie consequat, vel illum dolore eu feugiat nulla facilisis at vero eros et accumsan et iusto odio dignissim qui blandit praesent luptatum zzril delenit augue duis dolore te feugait nulla facilisi. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna aliquam erat volutpat. Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exerci tation ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis autem vel eum iriure dolor in hendrerit in vulputate velit esse molestie consequat, vel illum dolore eu feugiat nulla facilisis at vero eros et accumsan et iusto odio dignissim qui blandit praesent luptatum zzril delenit augue duis dolore te feugait nulla facilisi. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna aliquam erat volutpat. Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exerci tation ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis autem vel eum iriure dolor in Galerie d'images : <gallery> Image:Leica-II-p1030002.jpg|[[Leica]] II Image:Kyu-kobeko-shingojo004.jpg|[[Kobe]] au [[Japon]] Image:Dama dama8.JPG|[[Daim]] Image:Petunia.jpg|Du rose Image:Arctotis04.jpg|Du bleu. </gallery> == N'oublions pas LaTeX == <math>\textrm{J'adore\ LaTeX\ : } \int_0^\infty e^{-x^2}\textrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt{\pi}}{2}</math> <math>\exist \alpha \in\mathbb{R} \mbox{ t.q. } \varphi(x)=\alpha</math> == Les boîtes déroulantes == {{Boîte déroulante|titre=Ceci est une boîte déroulante|contenu=À utiliser avec parcimonie... [[Image:Passionfruit flower07.jpg|center|thumb|Fleur]] }} == Et si vous voulez tester les modèles == {{Modèle:Bac à sable|Objet1|Objet2}} == Et les liens == Pour créer un lien vers une autre page de Wikipedia, vous devrez la mettre entre deux crochets : <pre> [[Lonkásá ya libosó]] </pre> affichera [[Lonkásá ya libosó]] (un lien vers la page d'accueil de Wikipédia). En revanche, si vous voulez créer un lien vers une page externe (un autre site web que Wikipédia), vous devrez le mettre entre un seul crochet et le texte à afficher après un espace : <pre> [http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Accueil Le site de la fondation Wikimedia] </pre> affichera [http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Accueil Le site de la fondation Wikimedia] (notez la petite icône blanche et bleue qui signifie qu'il s'agit d'un lien externe à la Wikipédia). == Notes et références == <references /> [[fr:Wikipédia:Bac à sable]] [[es:Wikipedia:Zona de pruebas]] [[Category:Wikipedia]] 7722 2006-02-18T01:19:26Z Moyogo 11 '''Boyéí bolámu na Esíká ya komeka.'' '''Bonjour. Vous êtes dans le ''{{PAGENAME}}.'' Il est destiné à vous aider à vous familiariser avec le système de création et modification d'articles de Wikipédia (n'hésitez pas à consulter [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó]]). Ici vous pouvez faire tous les tests que vous voulez. Il suffit de cliquer sur le lien « modifier » qui se trouve en haut de la page, de taper vos modifications et de cliquer sur « sauvegarder ». Vous pouvez également essayer de modifier [[Wikipedia talk:Esíká ya komeka|Nkásá ya ntembe]].''' Attention, bien que le bac à sable soit destiné aux tests en tout genre, les insultes et les propos déplacés ne sont pas tolérés tout comme sur les autres pages de Wikipédia. Si vous pouvez traduire ce texte :) Merci. ---- == Titre de deuxième niveau == Une liste : * Un lien interne direct: [[Special:Recentchanges]] * ''italiques'' * '''gras''' * '''''gras italiques''''' * Et ça marche avec les apostrophes : l''''automne''' sera pluvieux ! On numérote '''une''' liste ? # Pourquoi pas ? # Je veux bien ! # C'est facile... Par exemple : {{Ier siècle av. J.-C.}} ou encore {{XVIe siècle}} mais aussi 30 m{{2}} voire même 100 m{{3}} ! === Troisième niveau : comment utiliser les indices === Du texte normal peut contenir <sub>un indice</sub> pour des notations. ==== Quatrième niveau de titre : et maintenant les exposants ==== Du texte normal peut contenir aussi <sup>un exposant</sup>. ===== Cinquième niveau de titre ===== Pour passer au paragraphe suivant, il faut laisser une ligne blanche. Ici, on est toujours dans le même paragraphe. Et hop, voici le nouveau paragraphe ! ====== Sixième (et dernier) niveau de titre ====== Normalement, ça doit suffire pour découper un article en détail. == Références == Une référence<ref>ceci est le bac à sable</ref> et une autre<ref>note en ''italique'' ou en '''gras'''</ref> avec les notes tout en bas de la page. On peut même faire un lien pour un livre : ISBN 020171499X == Et pour les tableaux... == {| border="3" |+ Titre du tableau ! colonne 1 ! colonne 2 |----- | On peut aussi | faire des tableaux |----- | c'est bien pratique | pour présenter des données chiffrées |} == Et pour les images... == [[image:Arthur Rimbaud 01.PNG|100px|left|thumb|Arthur Rimbaud en 100px à gauche]] Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna aliquam erat volutpat. Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exerci tation ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis autem vel eum iriure dolor in hendrerit in vulputate velit esse molestie consequat, vel illum dolore eu feugiat nulla facilisis at vero eros et accumsan et iusto odio dignissim qui blandit praesent luptatum zzril delenit augue duis dolore te feugait nulla facilisi. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer [[image:Galapagos.JPG|250px|right|thumb|Les Îles Galapagos en 250px à droite]] Tautam reflexionem ad medium inertiam, laudate sauraia tam sistema questis : ''To philos estin hypostasias phylosei'' Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, In spirito convetis mundare sicit. Sed consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna aliquam erat volutpat. Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exerci tation ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis autem vel eum iriure dolor in hendrerit in vulputate velit esse molestie consequat, vel illum dolore eu feugiat nulla facilisis at vero eros et accumsan et iusto odio dignissim qui blandit praesent luptatum zzril delenit augue duis dolore te feugait nulla facilisi. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna aliquam erat volutpat. Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exerci tation ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis autem vel eum iriure dolor in hendrerit in vulputate velit esse molestie consequat, vel illum dolore eu feugiat nulla facilisis at vero eros et accumsan et iusto odio dignissim qui blandit praesent luptatum zzril delenit augue duis dolore te feugait nulla facilisi. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna aliquam erat volutpat. Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exerci tation ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis autem vel eum iriure dolor in hendrerit in vulputate velit esse molestie consequat, vel illum dolore eu feugiat nulla facilisis at vero eros et accumsan et iusto odio dignissim qui blandit praesent luptatum zzril delenit augue duis dolore te feugait nulla facilisi. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna aliquam erat volutpat. Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exerci tation ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis autem vel eum iriure dolor in Galerie d'images : <gallery> Image:Leica-II-p1030002.jpg|[[Leica]] II Image:Kyu-kobeko-shingojo004.jpg|[[Kobe]] au [[Japon]] Image:Dama dama8.JPG|[[Daim]] Image:Petunia.jpg|Du rose Image:Arctotis04.jpg|Du bleu. </gallery> == N'oublions pas LaTeX == <math>\textrm{J'adore\ LaTeX\ : } \int_0^\infty e^{-x^2}\textrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt{\pi}}{2}</math> <math>\exist \alpha \in\mathbb{R} \mbox{ t.q. } \varphi(x)=\alpha</math> == Les boîtes déroulantes == {{Boîte déroulante|titre=Ceci est une boîte déroulante|contenu=À utiliser avec parcimonie... [[Image:Passionfruit flower07.jpg|center|thumb|Fleur]] }} == Et si vous voulez tester les modèles == {{Modèle:Bac à sable|Objet1|Objet2}} == Et les liens == Pour créer un lien vers une autre page de Wikipedia, vous devrez la mettre entre deux crochets : <pre> [[Lonkásá ya libosó]] </pre> affichera [[Lonkásá ya libosó]] (un lien vers la page d'accueil de Wikipédia). En revanche, si vous voulez créer un lien vers une page externe (un autre site web que Wikipédia), vous devrez le mettre entre un seul crochet et le texte à afficher après un espace : <pre> [http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Accueil Le site de la fondation Wikimedia] </pre> affichera [http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Accueil Le site de la fondation Wikimedia] (notez la petite icône blanche et bleue qui signifie qu'il s'agit d'un lien externe à la Wikipédia). == Notes et références == <references /> [[fr:Wikipédia:Bac à sable]] [[es:Wikipedia:Zona de pruebas]] [[Category:Wikipedia]] Wikipedia:Bilelemelo 2081 7367 2005-12-14T11:01:34Z Bombo 12 en cours de construction Historia ya Wikipedia {| style="border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; border-collapse:collapse;" cellpadding="3" rules="all" |- | Ekakoli '''500''': || || || |- | Ekakoli 400: || || || |- | Ekakoli 300: || || || |- | Ekakoli '''250''': || || || |- | Ekakoli 200: || || || |- | Ekakoli 150: || || || |- | Ekakoli '''100:''' || [[Lazariste]] || de [[User:Bombo|Bombo]] || 16:13, 27 septembere 2005 |- | Ekakoli &nbsp; 50: || [[Engumba mokonzi]] || de [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] || 02:33, 18 yuli 2005 |- | Ekakoli &nbsp; &nbsp; 1: || [[Lingála]] || de [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] || 18:28, 9 yanuari 2005 |- | Ekakoli &nbsp; &nbsp; 0: || [[Lonkásá ya libosó|Main Page]] aujourd'hui ''Lonkásá ya libosó''|| de [[IP]] || 12:49, 3 yuni 2002 |} [[Category:Wikipedia]] [[als:Wikipedia:Meilensteine]] [[de:Wikipedia:Meilensteine]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Liczba artykułów polskiej Wikipedii]] [[ru:Википедия:История нашего раздела]] [[uk:Історія української вікіпедії]] 7368 2005-12-14T13:17:56Z 160.85.2.50 {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} Historia ya '''Wikipedia'''. Bazalí nkásá [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] ya lingála o [[Wikipedia]]. {| style="border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; border-collapse:collapse;" cellpadding="3" rules="all" |- | Ekakoli '''500''': || || || |- | Ekakoli 400: || || || |- | Ekakoli 300: || || || |- | Ekakoli '''250''': || || || |- | Ekakoli 200: || || || |- | Ekakoli 150: || || || |- | Ekakoli '''100:''' || [[Lazariste]] || de [[User:Bombo|Bombo]] || 16:13, 27 septembere 2005 |- | Ekakoli &nbsp; 50: || [[Engumba mokonzi]] || de [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] || 02:33, 18 yuli 2005 |- | Ekakoli &nbsp; &nbsp; 1: || [[Lingála]] || de [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] || 18:28, 9 yanuari 2005 |- | Ekakoli &nbsp; &nbsp; 0: || [[Lonkásá ya libosó|Main Page]] aujourd'hui ''Lonkásá ya libosó''|| de [[IP]] || 12:49, 3 yuni 2002 |} [[Category:Wikipedia]] [[als:Wikipedia:Meilensteine]] [[de:Wikipedia:Meilensteine]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Liczba artykułów polskiej Wikipedii]] [[ru:Википедия:История нашего раздела]] [[uk:Історія української вікіпедії]] 7370 2005-12-15T10:15:40Z Bombo 12 Historia ya '''Wikipedia'''. Bazalí nkásá [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] ya lingála o [[Wikipedia]]. {| style="border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; border-collapse:collapse;" cellpadding="3" rules="all" |- | Ekakoli '''500''': || || || |- | Ekakoli 400: || || || |- | Ekakoli 300: || || || |- | Ekakoli '''250''': || || || |- | Ekakoli 200: || || || |- | Ekakoli 150: || || || |- | Ekakoli '''100:''' || [[Lazariste]] || na [[User:Bombo|Bombo]] || 16:13, 27 septembere 2005 |- | Ekakoli &nbsp; 50: || [[Engumba mokonzi]] || na [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] || 02:33, 18 yuli 2005 |- | Ekakoli &nbsp; &nbsp; 1: || [[Lingála]] || na [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] || 18:28, 9 yanuari 2005 |- | Ekakoli &nbsp; &nbsp; 0: || [[Lonkásá ya libosó|Main Page]] aujourd'hui ''Lonkásá ya libosó''|| na [[IP]] || 12:49, 3 yuni 2002 |} [[Category:Wikipedia]] [[als:Wikipedia:Meilensteine]] [[de:Wikipedia:Meilensteine]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Liczba artykułów polskiej Wikipedii]] [[ru:Википедия:История нашего раздела]] [[uk:Історія української вікіпедії]] 7405 2005-12-21T11:39:55Z Bombo 12 [[User:Bombo/Meilensteine]] moved to [[Wikipedia:Bilelemelo]] Historia ya '''Wikipedia'''. Bazalí nkásá [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] ya lingála o [[Wikipedia]]. {| style="border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; border-collapse:collapse;" cellpadding="3" rules="all" |- | Ekakoli '''500''': || || || |- | Ekakoli 400: || || || |- | Ekakoli 300: || || || |- | Ekakoli '''250''': || || || |- | Ekakoli 200: || || || |- | Ekakoli 150: || || || |- | Ekakoli '''100:''' || [[Lazariste]] || na [[User:Bombo|Bombo]] || 16:13, 27 septembere 2005 |- | Ekakoli &nbsp; 50: || [[Engumba mokonzi]] || na [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] || 02:33, 18 yuli 2005 |- | Ekakoli &nbsp; &nbsp; 1: || [[Lingála]] || na [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] || 18:28, 9 yanuari 2005 |- | Ekakoli &nbsp; &nbsp; 0: || [[Lonkásá ya libosó|Main Page]] aujourd'hui ''Lonkásá ya libosó''|| na [[IP]] || 12:49, 3 yuni 2002 |} [[Category:Wikipedia]] [[als:Wikipedia:Meilensteine]] [[de:Wikipedia:Meilensteine]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Liczba artykułów polskiej Wikipedii]] [[ru:Википедия:История нашего раздела]] [[uk:Історія української вікіпедії]] 7414 2005-12-21T13:01:02Z Bombo 12 aujourd'hui > lɛlɔ Historia ya '''Wikipedia'''. Bazalí nkásá [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] ya lingála o [[Wikipedia]]. {| style="border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; border-collapse:collapse;" cellpadding="3" rules="all" |- | Ekakoli '''500''': || || || |- | Ekakoli 400: || || || |- | Ekakoli 300: || || || |- | Ekakoli '''250''': || || || |- | Ekakoli 200: || || || |- | Ekakoli 150: || || || |- | Ekakoli '''100:''' || [[Lazariste]] || na [[User:Bombo|Bombo]] || 16:13, 27 septembere 2005 |- | Ekakoli &nbsp; 50: || [[Engumba mokonzi]] || na [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] || 02:33, 18 yuli 2005 |- | Ekakoli &nbsp; &nbsp; 1: || [[Lingála]] || na [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] || 18:28, 9 yanuari 2005 |- | Ekakoli &nbsp; &nbsp; 0: || [[Lonkásá ya libosó|Main Page]] lɛlɔ ''Lonkásá ya libosó''|| na [[IP]] || 12:49, 3 yuni 2002 |} [[Category:Wikipedia]] [[als:Wikipedia:Meilensteine]] [[de:Wikipedia:Meilensteine]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Liczba artykułów polskiej Wikipedii]] [[ru:Википедия:История нашего раздела]] [[uk:Історія української вікіпедії]] 8111 2006-05-09T11:28:08Z Bombo 12 Ekakoli 150 Historia ya '''Wikipedia'''. Bazalí nkásá [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] ya lingála o [[Wikipedia]]. {| style="border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; border-collapse:collapse;" cellpadding="3" rules="all" |- | Ekakoli '''500''': || || || |- | Ekakoli 400: || || || |- | Ekakoli 300: || || || |- | Ekakoli '''250''': || || || |- | Ekakoli 200: || || || |- | Ekakoli 150: || [[Bible]] || na [[IP]] || 10:54 9 mai 2006 |- | Ekakoli '''100:''' || [[Lazariste]] || na [[User:Bombo|Bombo]] || 16:13, 27 septembere 2005 |- | Ekakoli &nbsp; 50: || [[Engumba mokonzi]] || na [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] || 02:33, 18 yuli 2005 |- | Ekakoli &nbsp; &nbsp; 1: || [[Lingála]] || na [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] || 18:28, 9 yanuari 2005 |- | Ekakoli &nbsp; &nbsp; 0: || [[Lonkásá ya libosó|Main Page]] lɛlɔ ''Lonkásá ya libosó''|| na [[IP]] || 12:49, 3 yuni 2002 |} [[Category:Wikipedia]] [[als:Wikipedia:Meilensteine]] [[de:Wikipedia:Meilensteine]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Liczba artykułów polskiej Wikipedii]] [[ru:Википедия:История нашего раздела]] [[uk:Історія української вікіпедії]] 8137 2006-05-16T10:58:55Z Bombo 12 Bible > Biblíya Historia ya '''Wikipedia'''. Bazalí nkásá [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] ya lingála o [[Wikipedia]]. {| style="border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; border-collapse:collapse;" cellpadding="3" rules="all" |- | Ekakoli '''500''': || || || |- | Ekakoli 400: || || || |- | Ekakoli 300: || || || |- | Ekakoli '''250''': || || || |- | Ekakoli 200: || || || |- | Ekakoli 150: || [[Biblíya]] || na [[IP]] || 10:54 9 mai 2006 |- | Ekakoli '''100:''' || [[Lazariste]] || na [[User:Bombo|Bombo]] || 16:13, 27 septembere 2005 |- | Ekakoli &nbsp; 50: || [[Engumba mokonzi]] || na [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] || 02:33, 18 yuli 2005 |- | Ekakoli &nbsp; &nbsp; 1: || [[Lingála]] || na [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] || 18:28, 9 yanuari 2005 |- | Ekakoli &nbsp; &nbsp; 0: || [[Lonkásá ya libosó|Main Page]] lɛlɔ ''Lonkásá ya libosó''|| na [[IP]] || 12:49, 3 yuni 2002 |} [[Category:Wikipedia]] [[als:Wikipedia:Meilensteine]] [[de:Wikipedia:Meilensteine]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Liczba artykułów polskiej Wikipedii]] [[ru:Википедия:История нашего раздела]] [[uk:Історія української вікіпедії]] 8769 2006-07-03T14:23:33Z Bombo 12 200 Historia ya '''Wikipedia'''. Bazalí nkásá [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] ya lingála o [[Wikipedia]]. {| style="border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; border-collapse:collapse;" cellpadding="3" rules="all" |- | Ekakoli '''500''': || || || |- | Ekakoli 400: || || || |- | Ekakoli 300: || || || |- | Ekakoli '''250''': || || || |- | Ekakoli 200: || [[Enyete de vapeur‎]] || na [[User:Ivo3|Ivo3]] || 18:07, 2 yuli 2006 |- | Ekakoli 150: || [[Biblíya]] || na [[IP]] || 10:54 9 mai 2006 |- | Ekakoli '''100:''' || [[Lazariste]] || na [[User:Bombo|Bombo]] || 16:13, 27 septembere 2005 |- | Ekakoli &nbsp; 50: || [[Engumba mokonzi]] || na [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] || 02:33, 18 yuli 2005 |- | Ekakoli &nbsp; &nbsp; 1: || [[Lingála]] || na [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] || 18:28, 9 yanuari 2005 |- | Ekakoli &nbsp; &nbsp; 0: || [[Lonkásá ya libosó|Main Page]] lɛlɔ ''Lonkásá ya libosó''|| na [[IP]] || 12:49, 3 yuni 2002 |} [[Category:Wikipedia]] [[als:Wikipedia:Meilensteine]] [[de:Wikipedia:Meilensteine]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Liczba artykułów polskiej Wikipedii]] [[ru:Википедия:История нашего раздела]] [[uk:Історія української вікіпедії]] 8770 2006-07-03T14:25:10Z Bombo 12 Historia ya '''Wikipedia'''. Bazalí nkásá [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] ya lingála o [[Wikipedia]]. {| style="border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; border-collapse:collapse;" cellpadding="3" rules="all" |- | Ekakoli '''500''': || || || |- | Ekakoli 400: || || || |- | Ekakoli 300: || || || |- | Ekakoli '''250''': || || || |- | Ekakoli 200: || [[Enyete de vapeur‎]] || na [[User:Ivo3|Ivo3]] || 20:07, 2 yuli 2006 |- | Ekakoli 150: || [[Biblíya]] || na [[IP]] || 10:54 9 mai 2006 |- | Ekakoli '''100:''' || [[Lazariste]] || na [[User:Bombo|Bombo]] || 16:13, 27 septembere 2005 |- | Ekakoli &nbsp; 50: || [[Engumba mokonzi]] || na [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] || 02:33, 18 yuli 2005 |- | Ekakoli &nbsp; &nbsp; 1: || [[Lingála]] || na [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] || 18:28, 9 yanuari 2005 |- | Ekakoli &nbsp; &nbsp; 0: || [[Lonkásá ya libosó|Main Page]] lɛlɔ ''Lonkásá ya libosó''|| na [[IP]] || 12:49, 3 yuni 2002 |} [[Category:Wikipedia]] [[als:Wikipedia:Meilensteine]] [[de:Wikipedia:Meilensteine]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Liczba artykułów polskiej Wikipedii]] [[ru:Википедия:История нашего раздела]] [[uk:Історія української вікіпедії]] 9701 2006-11-11T22:15:14Z Bombo 12 250 Historia ya '''Wikipedia'''. Bazalí nkásá [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] ya lingála o [[Wikipedia]]. {| style="border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; border-collapse:collapse;" cellpadding="3" rules="all" |- | Ekakoli '''500''': || || || |- | Ekakoli 400: || || || |- | Ekakoli 300: || || || |- | Ekakoli '''250''': || [[Sam Sambuza]] || na [[Bombo]] || 00:12, 12 novembere 2006 |- | Ekakoli 200: || [[Enyete de vapeur‎]] || na [[User:Ivo3|Ivo3]] || 20:07, 2 yuli 2006 |- | Ekakoli 150: || [[Biblíya]] || na [[IP]] || 10:54 9 mai 2006http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Bilelemelo&action=edit# |- | Ekakoli '''100:''' || [[Lazariste]] || na [[User:Bombo|Bombo]] || 16:13, 27 septembere 2005 |- | Ekakoli &nbsp; 50: || [[Engumba mokonzi]] || na [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] || 02:33, 18 yuli 2005 |- | Ekakoli &nbsp; &nbsp; 1: || [[Lingála]] || na [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] || 18:28, 9 yanuari 2005 |- | Ekakoli &nbsp; &nbsp; 0: || [[Lonkásá ya libosó|Main Page]] lɛlɔ ''Lonkásá ya libosó''|| na [[IP]] || 12:49, 3 yuni 2002 |} [[Category:Wikipedia]] [[als:Wikipedia:Meilensteine]] [[de:Wikipedia:Meilensteine]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Liczba artykułów polskiej Wikipedii]] [[ru:Википедия:История нашего раздела]] [[uk:Історія української вікіпедії]] 9702 2006-11-11T22:15:45Z Bombo 12 typo Historia ya '''Wikipedia'''. Bazalí nkásá [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] ya lingála o [[Wikipedia]]. {| style="border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; border-collapse:collapse;" cellpadding="3" rules="all" |- | Ekakoli '''500''': || || || |- | Ekakoli 400: || || || |- | Ekakoli 300: || || || |- | Ekakoli '''250''': || [[Sam Sambuza]] || na [[User:Bombo]] || 00:12, 12 novembere 2006 |- | Ekakoli 200: || [[Enyete de vapeur‎]] || na [[User:Ivo3|Ivo3]] || 20:07, 2 yuli 2006 |- | Ekakoli 150: || [[Biblíya]] || na [[IP]] || 10:54 9 mai 2006http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Bilelemelo&action=edit# |- | Ekakoli '''100:''' || [[Lazariste]] || na [[User:Bombo|Bombo]] || 16:13, 27 septembere 2005 |- | Ekakoli &nbsp; 50: || [[Engumba mokonzi]] || na [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] || 02:33, 18 yuli 2005 |- | Ekakoli &nbsp; &nbsp; 1: || [[Lingála]] || na [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] || 18:28, 9 yanuari 2005 |- | Ekakoli &nbsp; &nbsp; 0: || [[Lonkásá ya libosó|Main Page]] lɛlɔ ''Lonkásá ya libosó''|| na [[IP]] || 12:49, 3 yuni 2002 |} [[Category:Wikipedia]] [[als:Wikipedia:Meilensteine]] [[de:Wikipedia:Meilensteine]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Liczba artykułów polskiej Wikipedii]] [[ru:Википедия:История нашего раздела]] [[uk:Історія української вікіпедії]] 9703 2006-11-11T22:16:31Z Bombo 12 typo Historia ya '''Wikipedia'''. Bazalí nkásá [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] ya lingála o [[Wikipedia]]. {| style="border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; border-collapse:collapse;" cellpadding="3" rules="all" |- | Ekakoli '''500''': || || || |- | Ekakoli 400: || || || |- | Ekakoli 300: || || || |- | Ekakoli '''250''': || [[Sam Sambuza]] || na [[User:Bombo]] || 00:12, 12 novembere 2006 |- | Ekakoli 200: || [[Enyete de vapeur‎]] || na [[User:Ivo3|Ivo3]] || 20:07, 2 yuli 2006 |- | Ekakoli 150: || [[Biblíya]] || na [[IP]] || 10:54 9 mai 2006 |- | Ekakoli '''100:''' || [[Lazariste]] || na [[User:Bombo|Bombo]] || 16:13, 27 septembere 2005 |- | Ekakoli &nbsp; 50: || [[Engumba mokonzi]] || na [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] || 02:33, 18 yuli 2005 |- | Ekakoli &nbsp; &nbsp; 1: || [[Lingála]] || na [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] || 18:28, 9 yanuari 2005 |- | Ekakoli &nbsp; &nbsp; 0: || [[Lonkásá ya libosó|Main Page]] lɛlɔ ''Lonkásá ya libosó''|| na [[IP]] || 12:49, 3 yuni 2002 |} [[Category:Wikipedia]] [[als:Wikipedia:Meilensteine]] [[de:Wikipedia:Meilensteine]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Liczba artykułów polskiej Wikipedii]] [[ru:Википедия:История нашего раздела]] [[uk:Історія української вікіпедії]] 9704 2006-11-11T22:16:55Z Bombo 12 typo Historia ya '''Wikipedia'''. Bazalí nkásá [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] ya lingála o [[Wikipedia]]. {| style="border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; border-collapse:collapse;" cellpadding="3" rules="all" |- | Ekakoli '''500''': || || || |- | Ekakoli 400: || || || |- | Ekakoli 300: || || || |- | Ekakoli '''250''': || [[Sam Sambuza]] || na [[User:Bombo|Bombo]] || 00:12, 12 novembere 2006 |- | Ekakoli 200: || [[Enyete de vapeur‎]] || na [[User:Ivo3|Ivo3]] || 20:07, 2 yuli 2006 |- | Ekakoli 150: || [[Biblíya]] || na [[IP]] || 10:54 9 mai 2006 |- | Ekakoli '''100:''' || [[Lazariste]] || na [[User:Bombo|Bombo]] || 16:13, 27 septembere 2005 |- | Ekakoli &nbsp; 50: || [[Engumba mokonzi]] || na [[User:Themalau|Themalau]] || 02:33, 18 yuli 2005 |- | Ekakoli &nbsp; &nbsp; 1: || [[Lingála]] || na [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] || 18:28, 9 yanuari 2005 |- | Ekakoli &nbsp; &nbsp; 0: || [[Lonkásá ya libosó|Main Page]] lɛlɔ ''Lonkásá ya libosó''|| na [[IP]] || 12:49, 3 yuni 2002 |} [[Category:Wikipedia]] [[als:Wikipedia:Meilensteine]] [[de:Wikipedia:Meilensteine]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Liczba artykułów polskiej Wikipedii]] [[ru:Википедия:История нашего раздела]] [[uk:Історія української вікіпедії]] User talk:Sarah chalich 2082 7369 2005-12-15T10:13:54Z Bombo 12 mbɔ́tɛ ===Mbɔ́tɛ!=== Bienvenue sur l'Encyclopaedie Wikipedia en [[Lingála]]. * Si vous avez des questions concernant le fonctionnement de la téchnique (faire des liens, titres, etc.), vous trouvez des informations sur la page [[Wikipedia:Bísó na bísó|Bísó na bísó]]. Ou vous pouvez vous adresser directement à moi. * Des indications sur la graphie du Lingála sont réunis sur la page de [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]]. Lui aussi est administrateur et peut vous aider. * Chaque page dispose d'une page de discussion (ntembe) qui permet de discuter sur l'article en question. Je me réjouis de lire bientôt vos contributions en Lingála.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:13, 15 desembere 2005 (UTC) User talk:Finlandia 2084 7394 2005-12-19T16:08:11Z Bombo 12 Mbɔ́tɛ! ===Mbɔ́tɛ!=== Bienvenue sur l'Encyclopaedie Wikipedia en [[Lingála]]. * Si vous avez des questions concernant le fonctionnement de la téchnique (faire des liens, titres, etc.), vous trouvez des informations sur la page [[Wikipedia:Bísó na bísó|Bísó na bísó]]. Ou vous pouvez vous adresser directement à moi. * Des indications sur la graphie du Lingála sont réunis sur la page de [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]]. Lui aussi est administrateur et peut vous aider. * Chaque page dispose d'une page de discussion (ntembe) qui permet de discuter sur l'article en question. Je me réjouis de lire bientôt vos contributions en Lingála.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 16:08, 19 desembere 2005 (UTC) Wikipedia talk:Bikakoli bolámu 2085 7400 2005-12-20T11:16:34Z Bombo 12 propositions ===Propositions=== voir aussi: [[Special:Longpages]] *[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] *[[Vincent wa Paul]] *[[Mobateli ya BCG]] *[[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́ (Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]] *[[Lazariste]] ===à vérifier=== si tout les articles auront déjà cette taille.... *[[Politiki]] *[[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] *[[Mobeko Likonzi mwa sika mwa Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] *[[Sida]] *[[Maladi ewutaka na makambo ya bolingo]] ===Manque des liens=== * [[Ndenge ya Misala]] *[[Misalisi ya Mbangu]] *[[Tuberculose]] --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 11:16, 20 desembere 2005 (UTC) 7705 2006-02-08T10:35:50Z Bombo 12 /* Manque des liens */ ===Propositions=== voir aussi: [[Special:Longpages]] *[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] *[[Vincent wa Paul]] *[[Mobateli ya BCG]] *[[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́ (Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]] *[[Lazariste]] ===à vérifier=== si tout les articles auront déjà cette taille.... *[[Politiki]] *[[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] *[[Mobeko Likonzi mwa sika mwa Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] *[[Sida]] *[[Maladi ewutaka na makambo ya bolingo]] ===Manque des liens=== * [[Ndenge ya Misala]] * [[Misalisi ya Mbangu]] * [[Tuberculose]] * [[Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto]] manque le paragraphe d'introduction --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:35, 8 febuari 2006 (UTC) 7833 2006-03-10T17:10:39Z Bombo 12 /* Propositions */ ===Propositions=== voir aussi: [[Special:Longpages]] *[[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] *[[Vincent wa Paul]] *[[Bacillus Calmette-Guérin]] *[[Ntangó ya banɔ́kɔ́ (Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki)]] *[[Lazariste]] ===à vérifier=== si tout les articles auront déjà cette taille.... *[[Politiki]] *[[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] *[[Mobeko Likonzi mwa sika mwa Repubiliki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] *[[Sida]] *[[Maladi ewutaka na makambo ya bolingo]] ===Manque des liens=== * [[Ndenge ya Misala]] * [[Misalisi ya Mbangu]] * [[Tuberculose]] * [[Lisakoli ya molongo ya makoki ya moto]] manque le paragraphe d'introduction --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:35, 8 febuari 2006 (UTC) User:Bombo/Meilensteine 2086 7406 2005-12-21T11:39:55Z Bombo 12 [[User:Bombo/Meilensteine]] moved to [[Wikipedia:Bilelemelo]]: N #REDIRECT [[Wikipedia:Bilelemelo]] Image:Symbol Wiki.png 2087 7408 2005-12-21T12:37:30Z Bombo 12 Template:9yanuari 2088 7410 2005-12-21T12:51:11Z Bombo 12 <div style="margin:2ex; padding:0.5ex; border:2px solid #006699; background-color: #F0FFF0;">[[Image:Gabe-birthday-part.jpg|90px|left]] <span style="color:red;background-color:yellow"></span> === Eyenga ya Wikipedia=== Bazalí nkásá [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] ya lingála o [[Wikipedia]]. [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|Kotámbola ya libosó]] [[Wikipedia:Bilelemelo|Bilelemelo 2005]] [[Lingála|Ekakoli 1 (9 yanuari 2005)]] </div> 7492 2006-01-04T10:06:19Z Bombo 12 <div style="margin:2ex; padding:0.5ex; border:2px solid #006699; background-color: #F0FFF0;">[[Image:Gabe-birthday-part.jpg|90px|left]] <span style="color:red;background-color:yellow"></span> === Eyenga ya Wikipedia=== Bazalí nkásá [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] ya lingála o [[Wikipedia]]. [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|Kotámbola ya libosó]] • [[Wikipedia:Bilelemelo|Bilelemelo 2005]] • [[Lingála|Ekakoli 1 (9 yanuari 2005)]] </div> MediaWiki:Logempty 2090 sysop 7419 2005-12-22T07:25:04Z MediaWiki default No matching items in log. MediaWiki:Newmessagesdifflink 2091 sysop 7422 2005-12-22T07:25:04Z MediaWiki default diff to penultimate revision 9603 2006-10-25T19:01:07Z MediaWiki default 90 last change MediaWiki:Nocreatetext 2092 sysop 7423 2005-12-22T07:25:04Z MediaWiki default This site has restricted the ability to create new pages. You can go back and edit an existing page, or [[Special:Userlogin|log in or create an account]]. MediaWiki:Nocreatetitle 2093 sysop 7424 2005-12-22T07:25:04Z MediaWiki default Page creation limited MediaWiki:Protect-default 2094 sysop 7425 2005-12-22T07:25:04Z MediaWiki default (default) MediaWiki:Protect-level-autoconfirmed 2095 sysop 7426 2005-12-22T07:25:04Z MediaWiki default Block unregistered users MediaWiki:Protect-level-sysop 2096 sysop 7427 2005-12-22T07:25:04Z MediaWiki default Sysops only MediaWiki:Protect-text 2097 sysop 7428 2005-12-22T07:25:04Z MediaWiki default You may view and change the protection level here for the page [[$1]]. Please be sure you are following the [[Project:Protected page|project guidelines]]. 7760 2006-02-26T01:55:30Z MediaWiki default You may view and change the protection level here for the page <strong>$1</strong>. Please be sure you are following the [[Project:Protected page|project guidelines]]. 8619 2006-07-01T18:57:58Z MediaWiki default You may view and change the protection level here for the page <strong>$1</strong>. MediaWiki:Protect-unchain 2098 sysop 7429 2005-12-22T07:25:04Z MediaWiki default Unlock move permissions MediaWiki:Protect-viewtext 2099 sysop 7430 2005-12-22T07:25:04Z MediaWiki default Your account does not have permission to change page protection levels. Here are the current settings for the page [[$1]]: 7761 2006-02-26T01:55:30Z MediaWiki default Your account does not have permission to change page protection levels. Here are the current settings for the page <strong>$1</strong>: MediaWiki:Youhavenewmessages 2100 sysop 7440 2005-12-22T07:25:05Z MediaWiki default You have $1 ($2). 8105 2006-05-07T22:02:26Z Moyogo 11 Nazweí $1 ($2). User talk:Fjmustak 2101 7441 2005-12-22T14:38:09Z 160.85.2.50 mboté ===Mbɔ́tɛ!=== Bienvenue sur l'Encyclopaedie Wikipedia en [[Lingála]]. * Si vous avez des questions concernant le fonctionnement de la téchnique (faire des liens, titres, etc.), vous trouvez des informations sur la page [[Wikipedia:Bísó na bísó|Bísó na bísó]]. Ou vous pouvez vous adresser directement à moi. * Des indications sur la graphie du Lingála sont réunis sur la page de [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]]. Lui aussi est administrateur et peut vous aider. * Chaque page dispose d'une page de discussion (ntembe) qui permet de discuter sur l'article en question. Je me réjouis de lire bientôt vos contributions en Lingála.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 15:34, 22 desembere 2005 (UTC) User:Taichi 2102 7442 2005-12-23T03:13:51Z Taichi 47 {{Babel-4|es|en-2|ja-1|ln-0}} Hi I'm '''Taichi'''. I don't speak lingala; for any message please go [[:es:Usuario Discusión:Taichi|here]]. [[es:Usuario:Taichi]] 7869 2006-03-27T03:31:42Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: aa, ab, af, ak, als, am, an, ang, ar, arc, as, ast, av, ay, az, ba, be, bg, bh, bi, bm, bn, bo, br, bs, ca, ce, ceb, ch, cho, chr, chy, co, cr, cs, csb, cv, cy, da, de, dv, dz, el, en, eo, et, eu, fa, ff, fi, fiu-vro, fj, fo, fr, fur, {{Babel-4|es|en-2|ja-1|ln-0}} Hi I'm '''Taichi'''. I don't speak lingala; for any message please go [[:es:Usuario Discusión:Taichi|here]]. [[aa:User:Taichi]] [[ab:Участник:Taichi]] [[af:Gebruiker:Taichi]] [[ak:User:Taichi]] [[als:Benutzer:Taichi]] [[am:User:Taichi]] [[an:User:Taichi]] [[ang:User:Taichi]] [[ar:مستخدم:Taichi]] [[arc:User:Taichi]] [[as:User:Taichi]] [[ast:Usuariu:Taichi]] [[av:Участник:Taichi]] [[ay:Usuario:Taichi]] [[az:User:Taichi]] [[ba:Участник:Taichi]] [[be:Удзельнік:Taichi]] [[bg:Потребител:Taichi]] [[bh:User:Taichi]] [[bi:User:Taichi]] [[bm:Utilisateur:Taichi]] [[bn:ব্যবহারকারী:Taichi]] [[bo:User:Taichi]] [[br:Implijer:Taichi]] [[bs:User:Taichi]] [[ca:Usuari:Taichi]] [[ce:Участник:Taichi]] [[ceb:User:Taichi]] [[ch:User:Taichi]] [[cho:User:Taichi]] [[chr:User:Taichi]] [[chy:User:Taichi]] [[co:User:Taichi]] [[cr:User:Taichi]] [[cs:Wikipedista:Taichi]] [[csb:Brëkòwnik:Taichi]] [[cv:Хутшăнакан:Taichi]] [[cy:Defnyddiwr:Taichi]] [[da:Bruger:Taichi]] [[de:Benutzer:*Taichi*]] [[dv:User:Taichi]] [[dz:User:Taichi]] [[el:Χρήστης:Taichi]] [[en:User:Taichi]] [[eo:Vikipediisto:Taichi]] [[es:Usuario:Taichi]] [[et:Kasutaja:Taichi]] [[eu:Lankide:Taichi]] [[fa:کاربر:Taichi]] [[ff:User:Taichi]] [[fi:Käyttäjä:Taichi]] [[fiu-vro:User:Taichi]] [[fj:User:Taichi]] [[fo:Brúkari:Taichi]] [[fr:Utilisateur:Taichi]] [[fur:Utent:Taichi]] [[fy:Meidogger:Taichi]] [[ga:Úsáideoir:Taichi]] [[gd:User:Taichi]] [[gl:User:Taichi]] [[gn:Usuario:Taichi]] [[got:User:Taichi]] [[gu:User:Taichi]] [[gv:User:Taichi]] [[ha:User:Taichi]] [[haw:User:Taichi]] [[he:משתמש:Taichi]] [[hi:सदस्य:Taichi]] [[ho:User:Taichi]] [[hr:Suradnik:Taichi]] [[ht:User:Taichi]] [[hu:User:Taichi]] [[hy:User:Taichi]] [[hz:User:Taichi]] [[ia:Usator:Taichi]] [[id:Pengguna:Taichi]] [[ie:User:Taichi]] [[ig:User:Taichi]] [[ii:User:Taichi]] [[ik:User:Taichi]] [[io:User:Taichi]] [[is:Notandi:Taichi]] [[it:Utente:Taichi]] [[iu:User:Taichi]] [[ja:利用者:*Taichi*]] [[jbo:User:Taichi]] [[jv:User:Taichi]] [[ka:მომხმარებელი:Taichi]] [[kg:User:Taichi]] [[ki:User:Taichi]] [[kj:User:Taichi]] [[kk:User:Taichi]] [[kl:User:Taichi]] [[km:User:Taichi]] [[kn:User:Taichi]] [[ko:사용자:Taichi]] [[kr:User:Taichi]] [[ks:User:Taichi]] [[ku:Bikarhêner:Taichi]] [[kv:Участник:Taichi]] [[kw:User:Taichi]] [[ky:User:Taichi]] [[la:Usor:Taichi]] [[lad:User:Taichi]] [[lb:User:Taichi]] [[lg:User:Taichi]] [[li:Gebroeker:Taichi]] [[lo:User:Taichi]] [[lt:Naudotojas:Taichi]] [[lv:User:Taichi]] [[mg:User:Taichi]] [[mh:User:Taichi]] [[mi:User:Taichi]] [[mk:Корисник:Taichi]] [[ml:User:Taichi]] [[mn:User:Taichi]] [[mo:User:Taichi]] [[mr:User:Taichi]] [[ms:Pengguna:Taichi]] [[mt:User:Taichi]] [[mus:User:Taichi]] [[my:User:Taichi]] [[na:User:Taichi]] [[nah:Usuario:Taichi]] [[nds:Bruker:Taichi]] [[ne:User:Taichi]] [[ng:User:Taichi]] [[nl:Gebruiker:Taichi]] [[nn:Brukar:Taichi]] [[no:Bruker:Taichi]] [[nv:Choinish'įįhí:Taichi]] [[ny:User:Taichi]] [[oc:Utilisator:Taichi]] [[om:User:Taichi]] [[or:User:Taichi]] [[os:Архайæг:Taichi]] [[sl:Uporabnik:Taichi]] 8365 2006-06-10T05:58:25Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: bat-smg, frp, ksh, lij, nrm, pa, pam, pap, pdc, pi, pih, pl, pms, ps, pt, qu, rm, rmy, rn, ro, roa-rup, ru, rw, tet, vls, xal, yi, yo, za, zh, zh-yue, zu Modifie: an, az, bs {{Babel-4|es|en-2|ja-1|ln-0}} Hi I'm '''Taichi'''. I don't speak lingala; for any message please go [[:es:Usuario Discusión:Taichi|here]]. [[aa:User:Taichi]] [[ab:Участник:Taichi]] [[af:Gebruiker:Taichi]] [[ak:User:Taichi]] [[als:Benutzer:Taichi]] [[am:User:Taichi]] [[an:User:Taichi]] [[ang:User:Taichi]] [[ar:مستخدم:Taichi]] [[arc:User:Taichi]] [[as:User:Taichi]] [[ast:Usuariu:Taichi]] [[av:Участник:Taichi]] [[ay:Usuario:Taichi]] [[az:User:Taichi]] [[ba:Участник:Taichi]] [[bat-smg:User:Taichi]] [[be:Удзельнік:Taichi]] [[bg:Потребител:Taichi]] [[bh:User:Taichi]] [[bi:User:Taichi]] [[bm:Utilisateur:Taichi]] [[bn:ব্যবহারকারী:Taichi]] [[bo:User:Taichi]] [[br:Implijer:Taichi]] [[bs:User:Taichi]] [[ca:Usuari:Taichi]] [[ce:Участник:Taichi]] [[ceb:User:Taichi]] [[ch:User:Taichi]] [[cho:User:Taichi]] [[chr:User:Taichi]] [[chy:User:Taichi]] [[co:User:Taichi]] [[cr:User:Taichi]] [[cs:Wikipedista:Taichi]] [[csb:Brëkòwnik:Taichi]] [[cv:Хутшăнакан:Taichi]] [[cy:Defnyddiwr:Taichi]] [[da:Bruger:Taichi]] [[de:Benutzer:*Taichi*]] [[dv:User:Taichi]] [[dz:User:Taichi]] [[el:Χρήστης:Taichi]] [[en:User:Taichi]] [[eo:Vikipediisto:Taichi]] [[es:Usuario:Taichi]] [[et:Kasutaja:Taichi]] [[eu:Lankide:Taichi]] [[fa:کاربر:Taichi]] [[ff:User:Taichi]] [[fi:Käyttäjä:Taichi]] [[fiu-vro:User:Taichi]] [[fj:User:Taichi]] [[fo:Brúkari:Taichi]] [[fr:Utilisateur:Taichi]] [[frp:User:Taichi]] [[fur:Utent:Taichi]] [[fy:Meidogger:Taichi]] [[ga:Úsáideoir:Taichi]] [[gd:User:Taichi]] [[gl:User:Taichi]] [[gn:Usuario:Taichi]] [[got:User:Taichi]] [[gu:User:Taichi]] [[gv:User:Taichi]] [[ha:User:Taichi]] [[haw:User:Taichi]] [[he:משתמש:Taichi]] [[hi:सदस्य:Taichi]] [[ho:User:Taichi]] [[hr:Suradnik:Taichi]] [[ht:User:Taichi]] [[hu:User:Taichi]] [[hy:User:Taichi]] [[hz:User:Taichi]] [[ia:Usator:Taichi]] [[id:Pengguna:Taichi]] [[ie:User:Taichi]] [[ig:User:Taichi]] [[ii:User:Taichi]] [[ik:User:Taichi]] [[io:User:Taichi]] [[is:Notandi:Taichi]] [[it:Utente:Taichi]] [[iu:User:Taichi]] [[ja:利用者:*Taichi*]] [[jbo:User:Taichi]] [[jv:User:Taichi]] [[ka:მომხმარებელი:Taichi]] [[kg:User:Taichi]] [[ki:User:Taichi]] [[kj:User:Taichi]] [[kk:User:Taichi]] [[kl:User:Taichi]] [[km:User:Taichi]] [[kn:User:Taichi]] [[ko:사용자:Taichi]] [[kr:User:Taichi]] [[ks:User:Taichi]] [[ksh:User:Taichi]] [[ku:Bikarhêner:Taichi]] [[kv:Участник:Taichi]] [[kw:User:Taichi]] [[ky:User:Taichi]] [[la:Usor:Taichi]] [[lad:User:Taichi]] [[lb:User:Taichi]] [[lg:User:Taichi]] [[li:Gebroeker:Taichi]] [[lij:User:Taichi]] [[lo:User:Taichi]] [[lt:Naudotojas:Taichi]] [[lv:User:Taichi]] [[mg:User:Taichi]] [[mh:User:Taichi]] [[mi:User:Taichi]] [[mk:Корисник:Taichi]] [[ml:User:Taichi]] [[mn:User:Taichi]] [[mo:User:Taichi]] [[mr:User:Taichi]] [[ms:Pengguna:Taichi]] [[mt:User:Taichi]] [[mus:User:Taichi]] [[my:User:Taichi]] [[na:User:Taichi]] [[nah:Usuario:Taichi]] [[nds:Bruker:Taichi]] [[ne:User:Taichi]] [[ng:User:Taichi]] [[nl:Gebruiker:Taichi]] [[nn:Brukar:Taichi]] [[no:Bruker:Taichi]] [[nrm:User:Taichi]] [[nv:Choinish'įįhí:Taichi]] [[ny:User:Taichi]] [[oc:Utilisator:Taichi]] [[om:User:Taichi]] [[or:User:Taichi]] [[os:Архайæг:Taichi]] [[pa:ਮੈਂਬਰ:Taichi]] [[pam:User:Taichi]] [[pap:User:Taichi]] [[pdc:User:Taichi]] [[pi:User:Taichi]] [[pih:User:Taichi]] [[pl:Wikipedysta:Taichi]] [[pms:Utente:Taichi]] [[ps:User:Taichi]] [[pt:Usuário:Taichi]] [[qu:Usuario:Taichi]] [[rm:User:Taichi]] [[rmy:User:Taichi]] [[rn:User:Taichi]] [[ro:Utilizator:Taichi]] [[roa-rup:User:Taichi]] [[ru:Участник:*Taichi*]] [[rw:User:Taichi]] [[sl:Uporabnik:Taichi]] [[tet:User:Taichi]] [[vls:User:Taichi]] [[xal:Орлцач:Taichi]] [[yi:באַניצער:Taichi]] [[yo:User:Taichi]] [[za:User:Taichi]] [[zh:User:Taichi]] [[zh-yue:User:Taichi]] [[zu:User:Taichi]] 9947 2006-12-11T02:43:45Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: bar, bpy, bxr, cbk-zam, cu, diq, eml, hsb, lbe, map-bms, mzn, nds-nl, new, nov, pag, roa-tara, wuu, zea, zh-classical, zh-min-nan Modifie: ay, ba, pms {{Babel-4|es|en-2|ja-1|ln-0}} Hi I'm '''Taichi'''. I don't speak lingala; for any message please go [[:es:Usuario Discusión:Taichi|here]]. [[aa:User:Taichi]] [[ab:Участник:Taichi]] [[af:Gebruiker:Taichi]] [[ak:User:Taichi]] [[als:Benutzer:Taichi]] [[am:User:Taichi]] [[an:Usuario:Taichi]] [[ang:User:Taichi]] [[ar:مستخدم:Taichi]] [[arc:User:Taichi]] [[as:User:Taichi]] [[ast:Usuariu:Taichi]] [[av:Участник:Taichi]] [[ay:Utilisateur:Taichi]] [[az:İstifadəçi:Taichi]] [[ba:Ҡатнашыусы:Taichi]] [[bar:Benutzer:Taichi]] [[bat-smg:Naudotojas:Taichi]] [[be:Удзельнік:Taichi]] [[bg:Потребител:Taichi]] [[bh:User:Taichi]] [[bi:User:Taichi]] [[bm:Utilisateur:Taichi]] [[bn:ব্যবহারকারী:Taichi]] [[bo:User:Taichi]] [[bpy:ব্যবহারকরেকুরা:Taichi]] [[br:Implijer:Taichi]] [[bs:Korisnik:Taichi]] [[bxr:User:Taichi]] [[ca:Usuari:Taichi]] [[cbk-zam:User:Taichi]] [[ce:Участник:Taichi]] [[ceb:User:Taichi]] [[ch:User:Taichi]] [[cho:User:Taichi]] [[chr:User:Taichi]] [[chy:User:Taichi]] [[co:User:Taichi]] [[cr:User:Taichi]] [[cs:Wikipedista:Taichi]] [[csb:Brëkòwnik:Taichi]] [[cu:Польѕевател҄ь:Taichi]] [[cv:Хутшăнакан:Taichi]] [[cy:Defnyddiwr:Taichi]] [[da:Bruger:Taichi]] [[de:Benutzer:*Taichi*]] [[diq:User:Taichi]] [[dv:User:Taichi]] [[dz:User:Taichi]] [[el:Χρήστης:Taichi]] [[eml:User:Taichi]] [[en:User:Taichi]] [[eo:Vikipediisto:Taichi]] [[es:Usuario:Taichi]] [[et:Kasutaja:Taichi]] [[eu:Lankide:Taichi]] [[fa:کاربر:Taichi]] [[ff:User:Taichi]] [[fi:Käyttäjä:Taichi]] [[fiu-vro:User:Taichi]] [[fj:User:Taichi]] [[fo:Brúkari:Taichi]] [[fr:Utilisateur:Taichi]] [[frp:User:Taichi]] [[fur:Utent:Taichi]] [[fy:Meidogger:Taichi]] [[ga:Úsáideoir:Taichi]] [[gd:User:Taichi]] [[gl:User:Taichi]] [[gn:Usuario:Taichi]] [[got:User:Taichi]] [[gu:User:Taichi]] [[gv:User:Taichi]] [[ha:User:Taichi]] [[haw:User:Taichi]] [[he:משתמש:Taichi]] [[hi:सदस्य:Taichi]] [[ho:User:Taichi]] [[hr:Suradnik:Taichi]] [[hsb:Wužiwar:Taichi]] [[ht:User:Taichi]] [[hu:User:Taichi]] [[hy:User:Taichi]] [[hz:User:Taichi]] [[ia:Usator:Taichi]] [[id:Pengguna:Taichi]] [[ie:User:Taichi]] [[ig:User:Taichi]] [[ii:User:Taichi]] [[ik:User:Taichi]] [[io:User:Taichi]] [[is:Notandi:Taichi]] [[it:Utente:Taichi]] [[iu:User:Taichi]] [[ja:利用者:*Taichi*]] [[jbo:User:Taichi]] [[jv:Panganggo:Taichi]] [[ka:მომხმარებელი:Taichi]] [[kg:User:Taichi]] [[ki:User:Taichi]] [[kj:User:Taichi]] [[kk:Қатысушы:Taichi]] [[kl:User:Taichi]] [[km:User:Taichi]] [[kn:ಸದಸ್ಯ:Taichi]] [[ko:사용자:Taichi]] [[kr:User:Taichi]] [[ks:User:Taichi]] [[ksh:Medmaacher:Taichi]] [[ku:Bikarhêner:Taichi]] [[kv:Участник:Taichi]] [[kw:User:Taichi]] [[ky:User:Taichi]] [[la:Usor:Taichi]] [[lad:User:Taichi]] [[lb:User:Taichi]] [[lbe:User:Taichi]] [[lg:User:Taichi]] [[li:Gebroeker:Taichi]] [[lij:User:Taichi]] [[lo:User:Taichi]] [[lt:Naudotojas:Taichi]] [[lv:Lietotājs:Taichi]] [[map-bms:User:Taichi]] [[mg:User:Taichi]] [[mh:User:Taichi]] [[mi:User:Taichi]] [[mk:Корисник:Taichi]] [[ml:User:Taichi]] [[mn:User:Taichi]] [[mo:User:Taichi]] [[mr:User:Taichi]] [[ms:Pengguna:Taichi]] [[mt:User:Taichi]] [[mus:User:Taichi]] [[my:User:Taichi]] [[mzn:کاربر:Taichi]] [[na:User:Taichi]] [[nah:Usuario:Taichi]] [[nds:Bruker:Taichi]] [[nds-nl:Gebruker:Taichi]] [[ne:User:Taichi]] [[new:User:Taichi]] [[ng:User:Taichi]] [[nl:Gebruiker:Taichi]] [[nn:Brukar:Taichi]] [[no:Bruker:Taichi]] [[nov:User:Taichi]] [[nrm:User:Taichi]] [[nv:Choinish'įįhí:Taichi]] [[ny:User:Taichi]] [[oc:Utilisator:Taichi]] [[om:User:Taichi]] [[or:User:Taichi]] [[os:Архайæг:Taichi]] [[pa:ਮੈਂਬਰ:Taichi]] [[pag:User:Taichi]] [[pam:User:Taichi]] [[pap:User:Taichi]] [[pdc:User:Taichi]] [[pi:User:Taichi]] [[pih:User:Taichi]] [[pl:Wikipedysta:Taichi]] [[pms:Utent:Taichi]] [[ps:User:Taichi]] [[pt:Usuário:Taichi]] [[qu:Usuario:Taichi]] [[rm:User:Taichi]] [[rmy:Jeno:Taichi]] [[rn:User:Taichi]] [[ro:Utilizator:Taichi]] [[roa-rup:User:Taichi]] [[roa-tara:User:Taichi]] [[ru:Участник:*Taichi*]] [[rw:User:Taichi]] [[sl:Uporabnik:Taichi]] [[tet:User:Taichi]] [[vls:Gebruker:Taichi]] [[wuu:User:Taichi]] [[xal:Орлцач:Taichi]] [[yi:באַניצער:Taichi]] [[yo:User:Taichi]] [[za:User:Taichi]] [[zea:User:Taichi]] [[zh:User:Taichi]] [[zh-classical:User:Taichi]] [[zh-min-nan:User:Taichi]] [[zh-yue:User:Taichi]] [[zu:User:Taichi]] Template:User es 2103 7447 2005-12-23T19:47:12Z Bombo 12 <div style="float:left;border:solid #6ef7a7 1px;margin:1px;"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#c5fcdc;"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6ef7a7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt;">'''[[Lingɛlɛ́sa|es]]'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em;">Estos usuarios son hablantes '''[[:Category:User es-M|nativos]]''' de '''[[:Category:User es|Español]].'''[[Category:User es|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User es-M|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td> </tr></table></div> 9403 2006-09-30T21:23:56Z Camahuetos 88 Le original ce ette en pluriel mais les autres módeles etait en singulier <div style="float:left;border:solid #6ef7a7 1px;margin:1px;"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#c5fcdc;"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6ef7a7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt;">'''[[Lingɛlɛ́sa|es]]'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em;">Este usuario es hablante '''[[:Category:User es-M|nativo]]''' de '''[[:Category:User es|Español]].'''[[Category:User es|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User es-M|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td> </tr></table></div> Category:User es-M 2104 7448 2005-12-23T19:48:06Z Bombo 12 Category:User es [[Category:User es]] Template:User ja-1 2105 7449 2005-12-23T19:50:52Z Bombo 12 <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[ja-1]]''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | 以下の利用者は'''[[:Category:User ja-1|簡単]]'''な'''[[:Category:User ja|日本語]]'''を話します。 |} </div> 7450 2005-12-23T19:52:54Z Bombo 12 cat User ja <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[ja]]-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | 以下の利用者は'''[[:Category:User ja-1|簡単]]'''な'''[[:Category:User ja|日本語]]'''を話します。 |} '[[Category:User ja|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User ja-1|{{PAGENAME}}]]</div> 7452 2005-12-23T19:54:26Z Bombo 12 <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[ja]]-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | 以下の利用者は'''[[:Category:User ja-1|簡単]]'''な'''[[:Category:User ja|日本語]]'''を話します。 |} [[Category:User ja|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User ja-1|{{PAGENAME}}]]</div> Category:User ja-1 2106 7451 2005-12-23T19:53:17Z Bombo 12 cat User ja [[Category:User ja]] 9433 2006-10-08T19:27:28Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: af, als, am, az, be, bs, ce, cs, cy, da, de, en, eu, fa, fi, fr, ga, he, ht, hu, id, ja, kk, ko, ku, lb, lt, lv, mg, mi, na, nds, nl, no, oc, pl, ps, ru, scn, simple, sk, sl, sq, su, tg, th, tl, tr, ug, uk, ur, uz, wa, zh-min-nan, zh-y [[Category:User ja]] [[af:Kategorie:Gebruiker ja-1]] [[als:Kategorie:User ja-1]] [[am:Category:User ja-1]] [[az:Kateqoriya:User ja-1]] [[be:Катэгорыя:User ja-1]] [[bs:Kategorija:User ja-1]] [[ce:Категория:User ja-1]] [[cs:Kategorie:User ja-1]] [[cy:Categori:User ja-1]] [[da:Kategori:Brugere ja-1]] [[de:Kategorie:User ja-1]] [[en:Category:User ja-1]] [[eu:Kategoria:Japoniera oinarrizko mailan]] [[fa:رده:User ja-1]] [[fi:Luokka:User ja-1]] [[fr:Catégorie:Utilisateur ja-1]] [[ga:Catagóir:Úsáideoir ja-1]] [[he:קטגוריה:User ja-1]] [[ht:Category:User ja-1]] [[hu:Kategória:User ja-1]] [[id:Kategori:User ja-1]] [[ja:Category:User ja-1]] [[kk:Category:User ja-1]] [[ko:분류:사용자 ja-1]] [[ku:Kategorî:User ja-1]] [[lb:Category:User ja-1]] [[lt:Kategorija:User ja-1]] [[lv:Kategorija:User ja-1]] [[mg:Category:User ja-1]] [[mi:Category:User ja-1]] [[na:Category:User ja-1]] [[nds:Kategorie:User ja-1]] [[nl:Categorie:Gebruiker ja-1]] [[no:Kategori:Bruker ja-1]] [[oc:Categoria:Utilisator ja-1]] [[pl:Kategoria:User ja-1]] [[ps:Category:User ja-1]] [[ru:Категория:User ja-1]] [[scn:Category:User ja-1]] [[simple:Category:User ja-1]] [[sk:Kategória:User ja-1]] [[sl:Kategorija:Uporabnik ja-1]] [[sq:Category:User ja-1]] [[su:Kategori:User ja-1]] [[tg:Гурӯҳ:User ja-1]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:User ja-1]] [[tl:Category:User ja-1]] [[tr:Kategori:User ja-1]] [[ug:Category:User ja-1]] [[uk:Категорія:User ja-1]] [[ur:زمرہ:User ja-1]] [[uz:Category:User ja-1]] [[wa:Categoreye:Uzeus ja-1]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:User ja-1]] [[zh-yue:Category:User ja-1]] 9449 2006-10-10T10:18:46Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[lad:Category:User ja-1]] [[Category:User ja]] [[af:Kategorie:Gebruiker ja-1]] [[als:Kategorie:User ja-1]] [[am:Category:User ja-1]] [[az:Kateqoriya:User ja-1]] [[be:Катэгорыя:User ja-1]] [[bs:Kategorija:User ja-1]] [[ce:Категория:User ja-1]] [[cs:Kategorie:User ja-1]] [[cy:Categori:User ja-1]] [[da:Kategori:Brugere ja-1]] [[de:Kategorie:User ja-1]] [[en:Category:User ja-1]] [[eu:Kategoria:Japoniera oinarrizko mailan]] [[fa:رده:User ja-1]] [[fi:Luokka:User ja-1]] [[fr:Catégorie:Utilisateur ja-1]] [[ga:Catagóir:Úsáideoir ja-1]] [[he:קטגוריה:User ja-1]] [[ht:Category:User ja-1]] [[hu:Kategória:User ja-1]] [[id:Kategori:User ja-1]] [[ja:Category:User ja-1]] [[kk:Category:User ja-1]] [[ko:분류:사용자 ja-1]] [[ku:Kategorî:User ja-1]] [[lad:Category:User ja-1]] [[lb:Category:User ja-1]] [[lt:Kategorija:User ja-1]] [[lv:Kategorija:User ja-1]] [[mg:Category:User ja-1]] [[mi:Category:User ja-1]] [[na:Category:User ja-1]] [[nds:Kategorie:User ja-1]] [[nl:Categorie:Gebruiker ja-1]] [[no:Kategori:Bruker ja-1]] [[oc:Categoria:Utilisator ja-1]] [[pl:Kategoria:User ja-1]] [[ps:Category:User ja-1]] [[ru:Категория:User ja-1]] [[scn:Category:User ja-1]] [[simple:Category:User ja-1]] [[sk:Kategória:User ja-1]] [[sl:Kategorija:Uporabnik ja-1]] [[sq:Category:User ja-1]] [[su:Kategori:User ja-1]] [[tg:Гурӯҳ:User ja-1]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:User ja-1]] [[tl:Category:User ja-1]] [[tr:Kategori:User ja-1]] [[ug:Category:User ja-1]] [[uk:Категорія:User ja-1]] [[ur:زمرہ:User ja-1]] [[uz:Category:User ja-1]] [[wa:Categoreye:Uzeus ja-1]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:User ja-1]] [[zh-yue:Category:User ja-1]] 9883 2006-11-26T21:33:06Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[es:Categoría:Usuarios por idioma - Japonés básico]] [[Category:User ja]] [[af:Kategorie:Gebruiker ja-1]] [[als:Kategorie:User ja-1]] [[am:Category:User ja-1]] [[az:Kateqoriya:User ja-1]] [[be:Катэгорыя:User ja-1]] [[bs:Kategorija:User ja-1]] [[ce:Категория:User ja-1]] [[cs:Kategorie:User ja-1]] [[cy:Categori:User ja-1]] [[da:Kategori:Brugere ja-1]] [[de:Kategorie:User ja-1]] [[en:Category:User ja-1]] [[es:Categoría:Usuarios por idioma - Japonés básico]] [[eu:Kategoria:Japoniera oinarrizko mailan]] [[fa:رده:User ja-1]] [[fi:Luokka:User ja-1]] [[fr:Catégorie:Utilisateur ja-1]] [[ga:Catagóir:Úsáideoir ja-1]] [[he:קטגוריה:User ja-1]] [[ht:Category:User ja-1]] [[hu:Kategória:User ja-1]] [[id:Kategori:User ja-1]] [[ja:Category:User ja-1]] [[kk:Category:User ja-1]] [[ko:분류:사용자 ja-1]] [[ku:Kategorî:User ja-1]] [[lad:Category:User ja-1]] [[lb:Category:User ja-1]] [[lt:Kategorija:User ja-1]] [[lv:Kategorija:User ja-1]] [[mg:Category:User ja-1]] [[mi:Category:User ja-1]] [[na:Category:User ja-1]] [[nds:Kategorie:User ja-1]] [[nl:Categorie:Gebruiker ja-1]] [[no:Kategori:Bruker ja-1]] [[oc:Categoria:Utilisator ja-1]] [[pl:Kategoria:User ja-1]] [[ps:Category:User ja-1]] [[ru:Категория:User ja-1]] [[scn:Category:User ja-1]] [[simple:Category:User ja-1]] [[sk:Kategória:User ja-1]] [[sl:Kategorija:Uporabnik ja-1]] [[sq:Category:User ja-1]] [[su:Kategori:User ja-1]] [[tg:Гурӯҳ:User ja-1]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:User ja-1]] [[tl:Category:User ja-1]] [[tr:Kategori:User ja-1]] [[ug:Category:User ja-1]] [[uk:Категорія:User ja-1]] [[ur:زمرہ:User ja-1]] [[uz:Category:User ja-1]] [[wa:Categoreye:Uzeus ja-1]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:User ja-1]] [[zh-yue:Category:User ja-1]] 10010 2006-12-19T21:41:32Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[eo:Kategorio:Vikipediisto ja-1]], [[pdc:Category:Benutzer ja-1]], [[sr:Категорија:Корисник ja-1]] [[Category:User ja]] [[af:Kategorie:Gebruiker ja-1]] [[als:Kategorie:User ja-1]] [[am:Category:User ja-1]] [[az:Kateqoriya:User ja-1]] [[be:Катэгорыя:User ja-1]] [[bs:Kategorija:User ja-1]] [[ce:Категория:User ja-1]] [[cs:Kategorie:User ja-1]] [[cy:Categori:User ja-1]] [[da:Kategori:Brugere ja-1]] [[de:Kategorie:User ja-1]] [[en:Category:User ja-1]] [[eo:Kategorio:Vikipediisto ja-1]] [[es:Categoría:Usuarios por idioma - Japonés básico]] [[eu:Kategoria:Japoniera oinarrizko mailan]] [[fa:رده:User ja-1]] [[fi:Luokka:User ja-1]] [[fr:Catégorie:Utilisateur ja-1]] [[ga:Catagóir:Úsáideoir ja-1]] [[he:קטגוריה:User ja-1]] [[ht:Category:User ja-1]] [[hu:Kategória:User ja-1]] [[id:Kategori:User ja-1]] [[ja:Category:User ja-1]] [[kk:Санат:User ja-1]] [[ko:분류:사용자 ja-1]] [[ku:Kategorî:User ja-1]] [[lad:Category:User ja-1]] [[lb:Category:User ja-1]] [[lt:Kategorija:User ja-1]] [[lv:Kategorija:User ja-1]] [[mg:Category:User ja-1]] [[mi:Category:User ja-1]] [[na:Category:User ja-1]] [[nds:Kategorie:User ja-1]] [[nl:Categorie:Gebruiker ja-1]] [[no:Kategori:Bruker ja-1]] [[oc:Categoria:Utilisator ja-1]] [[pdc:Category:Benutzer ja-1]] [[pl:Kategoria:User ja-1]] [[ps:Category:User ja-1]] [[ru:Категория:User ja-1]] [[scn:Category:User ja-1]] [[simple:Category:User ja-1]] [[sk:Kategória:User ja-1]] [[sl:Kategorija:Uporabnik ja-1]] [[sq:Category:User ja-1]] [[sr:Категорија:Корисник ja-1]] [[su:Kategori:User ja-1]] [[tg:Гурӯҳ:User ja-1]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:User ja-1]] [[tl:Category:User ja-1]] [[tr:Kategori:User ja-1]] [[ug:Category:User ja-1]] [[uk:Категорія:User ja-1]] [[ur:زمرہ:User ja-1]] [[uz:Category:User ja-1]] [[wa:Categoreye:Uzeus ja-1]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:User ja-1]] [[zh-yue:Category:User ja-1]] User:Davidcannon/Sandbox 2107 7454 2005-12-27T17:40:36Z 83.36.113.76 His lips moved over her skin like it was made of silk, every so often stopping in one spot to nibble gently on her flesh. She ran her hands through his hair, threading the strands between her slim fingers. “Oh, Great Wizards!!” her voice came out as a gasp. Her hands moved down from his hair to his chest, where she lightly stroked him. His muscles contracted under her touch, and she noticed his breathing was becoming short and erratic. “Do you know what you do to me?” he whispered in her ear, before gently nibbling on it. “Just shut up.” She commanded, before crushing her mouth to his, their tongues duelling and clashing, their bodies becoming slick with sweat in their passion. His palm curved over her shoulder, and then began to make its way down the slope of her collar and over her breast. He tore his mouth from hers and began to kiss her neck once more, sliding his hand lower, letting his fingers trail lightly over her as she began to moan his name. “Harry…” “Hermione!” the bed began to move underneath them. “Oh…Harry!” “HERMIONE!” the bed began to shake harder. “Blaise?” Hermione Granger squinted as the face of her best friend came into view. “What the bloody hell are you doing here?” “I’m TRYING to wake you up!” Blaise Zabini said, tapping a long, polished fingernail on the bedpost. Hermione groaned as her dream slipped completely away from her. “Blaise you have the absolute worst timing in the world, do you know that?” “Dreaming about Harry again?” Blaise teased. “Why don’t you just do something about it?” “It’s easy for you to say.” Hermione muttered, throwing back her covers and going to her trunk for a clean uniform. She pulled out an extra thick sweater; the castle was so cold in January. “Guys fall all over you.” “They could fall all over you too, if you’d just let me—“ Blaise began, but Hermione waved her friend’s hand away. “Don’t bother.” She replied, shuffling off to the bathroom. “I’ll be out in a minute.” Blaise sat down on the unmade green and silver bed. She felt bad for her friend, she knew Hermione had been crazy about Harry Potter ever since their fourth year at Hogwarts, but she’d never done a thing about it. They had plenty of classes together; Slytherin and Gryffindor were often mixed, they’d had Potions and History of Magic together ever since first year. A smile crossed Blaise’s face as she recalled how she and Hermione met, it had been on the train to Hogwarts their first year, they’d been reaching for the same Chocolate Frog and instant friendship had occurred. From that day on, they’d been nearly inseparable, even during the summer Hermione often spent at least half the holiday at Blaise’s home in northern England. Even during their troubled adolescent years, their friendship had stood fast, although Blaise had gone more the way of boys and Hermione had clung steadily to her bookworm habits. “Ready for breakfast?” Hermione interrupted Blaise’s thoughts as she came back into the room and tossed her nightgown in her wardrobe. An idea struck Blaise like lightning, and she jumped off the bed. “Hermione, I’m going to do you a huge favour!” she announced. “What’s that?” Hermione asked warily, picking up her loaded bag and slinging it over her shoulder. “I’m going to make you over, so that you’ll knock Harry’s socks off!” Blaise said proudly. “Blaise, no.” Hermione argued. “We’ve been through this before, I don’t want you to give me a makeover. I’ll never keep it up.” Her friend wanted to give her a new look at least once a week. “Besides, I’ve always said if a guy can’t respect me for who I am and not for my looks, then he won’t respect me at all!” Blaise sighed and followed her friend. “But Hermione…” “No Blaise.” Hermione said firmly. “Come on, I’m hungry.” They went down to the Great Hall together and sat down at the Slytherin table. “Look there he is!” Blaise hissed loudly and motioned towards the Gryffindor table where Harry was also just sitting down with Ron Weasley, Dean Thomas, and Seamus Finnigan. A few spaces down Harry’s entourage of female admirers cast admiring glances and bright smiles his way. “Blaise would you please keep quiet? I don’t want the whole bloody population of Hogwarts to know!” Hermione cast her an angry glare. At that moment, food appeared on the dishes before them, and the chatter in the Great Hall rose as everyone heaped their plates full. As the two girls finished eating, Blaise noticed Harry and Seamus rise from the Gryffindor table. An idea formed in her head and she grabbed Hermione’s arm. “Come on, I forgot a book I need back in my dorm!” she said as she pulled Hermione away from the table. “But Blaise, I’m not finished—“ she was cut off. Blaise slowed down to a walk as they neared the doors, and right as they were by Harry, she pretended to trip and shoved Hermione directly into him. “Ow!” Harry and Hermione both yelled at the same time. Hermione fell on the ground, but Harry managed to steady himself. “I’m SO sorry, I must have tripped on something right there!” Blaise covered her mouth in fake embarrassment. Hermione glared up at her. “Sure you did.” She muttered under her breath. “Are you all right?” Harry asked, holding out his hand to Hermione. After a moment’s hesitation, she took it and he pulled her to her feet. “I’m fine…” she managed to say, her face bright red. “Thanks.” “Sure, no problem.” Harry said. He bent down and picked up a few of her books that had fallen out of her bag. “I think you’ll want these.” He said, handing them to her. “Thanks.” Hermione said again, mentally wanting to smack herself. Couldn’t she say anything else? “Well, see you around…” Harry replied when she said nothing else. He turned and walked down the corridor with Seamus, turning back to smile at her one more time before disappearing up the staircase. Hermione advanced on Blaise menacingly. “That was the MEANEST thing you’ve ever done!” she said angrily. “What?” Blaise wore an expression of the purest innocence. “I tripped!” “Like hell you did.” Hermione was mortified. She stuffed the books back into her bag and stalked down the hall. “Oh, come on Hermione, I did that for your own good.” Blaise defended herself. “I mean, now you can say you’ve actually touched him.” “Just shut up.” Hermione replied through clenched teeth. The two girls entered the Arithmancy classroom right as Professor Vector shut the door behind them. *** *** *** *** *** Hermione gave Blaise the silent treatment all through the rest of their classes. She was thankful that they didn’t have any with the Gryffindors that day; she wouldn’t have to face Harry until tomorrow. She really was angry with Blaise for pushing her into him like that; he must think she was a huge klutz. It was riding on her mind so much she was unable to study that afternoon, and that made her angrier. “Hermione?” Blaise’s voice was uncharacteristically quiet. “What?” Hermione’s tone was icy as she regarded her best friend. “I’m really sorry about earlier.” She said. “No you’re not.” Hermione replied, looking back down at her book. “You’re right, I’m not.” Blaise said. “I’d be lying if I said it were true.” “Could you please just go away?” Hermione snapped. “Come on, you know you can’t study in here, it’s too noisy.” Blaise was referring to the noise of Hermione’s roommates, Pansy Parkinson, Parvati Patil, and Hannah Abbott. “Come on, my common room is empty.” Blaise was Head Girl, and they had their own set of rooms. Hermione bit her lip; Blaise knew she hated to study in her dormitory. “Fine.” She muttered, gathering up what she would need and tossing it in her bag. “Come on, Hermione, you can’t be too mad at me about this morning!” Blaise said as they entered the Head Common Room that she shared with Justin Finch Fletchley of Hufflepuff. “Can we just drop it?” Hermione asked. She was tired of the topic already. “Fine, no I’m not mad.” She dropped her bag on the table and pulled her books back out. Blaise grinned and did the same; both girls worked on their homework for a while. “You know what?” Blaise said about a half hour later. “What?” Hermione asked, looking up. “I think you need to spice up your life.” Blaise replied. Hermione dropped her quill and rubbed her eyes. “Blaise, really, could you just knock it off?” “No, really!” Blaise leaned forward. “In fact, I think we need to place a wager.” “I don’t have any money.” Hermione snapped. “Just a friendly bet then, no money.” Blaise refused to be deterred. “I’ll bet that by the end of the year, you could seduce Harry Potter.” Hermione stared at her. “This is your dumbest idea by far.” She said flatly. “By FAR!” she picked up her quill and began to write again. Blaise looked back at her a moment, and decided to beat her at her own game. “You’re right, that is a dumb idea.” She leaned back and twirled her thumbs around. “I don’t know what I was thinking.” Hermione ignored her and kept scratching her quill over the parchment. “To think that YOU could seduce anyone!” Blaise laughed. Her tone finally hit the right mark, and Hermione raised her head in annoyance. “If I really felt like it, I COULD!” she said angrily. “Sure. Then why don’t you try?” Blaise asked lightly. “Because it’s not in my nature to do something like that.” Hermione replied. “I think you’re scared.” Blaise challenged. “I think you know you wouldn’t be able to.” A determined gleam entered Hermione’s eyes. “You know what? Fine. You’re on!” “Excellent.” Blaise sat back contentedly. “You tricked me!” Hermione realized instantly. “It’s so easy sometimes.” Blaise said lazily. “But you’ve agreed, you can’t back out now.” Hermione sighed, knowing her friend would make good on her word. What had she gotten herself into? “Now, for the wager part…” Blaise tapped her chin. “You said no money.” Hermione reminded her. “No, no money.” Blaise said. “But we need something…ah! If I win, and you don’t seduce him by the end of the year, then you…. have to give me that locket of yours that I love!” “Blaise I’m not giving you that locket it was my grandmother’s.” Hermione protested. “But you said you could win this bet, so you won’t have to.” Blaise replied smoothly before Hermione could argue any more. “And if you win…” “You have to buy me that set of Wizarding Encyclopaedias we saw in Diagon Alley this past summer.” Hermione finished. “Deal.” Blaise said instantly. She stuck out her hand and Hermione shook it firmly. *** *** *** *** *** “Now today, like I said, I will be pairing you off for your research compositions.” Professor Binns said as he floated around the room. Hermione sat on the edge of her seat as she waited to hear who she would get paired with. Professor Binns had told them of this assignment before they’d left for the Christmas holiday and she had taken that time to compile a list of topics on what she’d want to do it on. “Hannah Abbott and Ronald Weasley.” Binns read as he nodded to the two students. “Dean Thomas and Pansy Parkinson. Blaise Zabini and Neville Longbottom.” Hermione suppressed a giggle as she imagined the look on her friend’s face; Neville was a nice enough guy but completely accident-prone. “Let’s see here…Hermione Granger and Harry Potter…” Professor Binns droned on, but Hermione no longer heard him. ‘I’m working with Harry Potter, oh Great Wizards he’s paired me with Harry Potter!’ Hermione’s insides churned with excitement, but somehow she managed to pull off an outer calm. She sneaked a peek over in Harry’s direction and he smiled back at her and gave a friendly wave. “I would like you to get into your pairs and decide on your topic.” Binns said, floating back up to his desk. Hermione was about to get up and go by Harry’s seat when he appeared by her side. “Hi Hermione.” He said, sitting down at the desk that had just been vacated by Blaise. “You’re not going to knock me over this time are you?” he teased. “Oh…no” Hermione felt her face flush a bit. “I’m sorry about that, Blaise thinks it’s funny to shove me into people for some reason.” Harry laughed. “So have you thought about any topics?” Hermione brightened. “Actually, I have, I have a whole list of them.” She took the neatly printed parchment from inside her textbook. Harry brought his head close to hers as they scanned it over. “Here, how about the Salem Witch trials?” Harry asked, pointing to one. “I know a lot about witch burning.” “All right.” Hermione said. “Let me go tell Professor Binns.” Harry nodded and she got up. “Professor?” she asked as she approached. “Harry and I decided to do the Salem Witch trials.” “An excellent topic, Miss Granger.” Binns replied. “However, it’s quite an extensive one. You two will be spending much of your time in the library over the next few months.” “That’s fine.” Hermione said. Nights in the library with Harry Potter? She didn’t think it could get much better than that! Hermione looked at the clock and noticed that class was about to end. She began packing her books neatly away in her bag. "So do you want to start working on the project tonight, or would you rather start tomorrow?" Harry asked, putting his own books away. "Well whenever is a good time for you, when would you like to work on it?" Hermione said trying not to sound to eager. "Tonight would be fine, then." Harry smiled at her. "Say we walk over together from the Great Hall." On the inside Hermione was doing flips and had to keep from screaming out her joy. She played it calm and cool on the outside. "Sure why not." She hoped her voice wasn't trembling, but she was so excited she couldn't tell. "Great." Harry said, giving her arm a squeeze. "I'll see you later then." he smiled at her one more time before joining Seamus and Dean. Hermione felt her knees go weak; she had to sit down a minute. She watched as Harry left with his friends. She had to take in a few breaths. Her mind was shouting ‘He touched me, he touched me!’ A large happy grin could be seen plastered across her face. Blaise watched the whole exchange, and then went over to her best friend. "So I see that the plan has been set into motion hmm?" she asked innocently, examining her nails. Hermione looked at Blaise in confusion. "Plan... what plan?" She couldn't remember anything she was still in a daze. "Your seduction plans, of course!" Blaise said quietly as the two girls left the classroom. Hermione opened her mouth to reply, but shut it as she heard her name being mentioned. "Boy you really lucked out Harry." The two girls heard Seamus Finnigan say. "Having Hermione Granger as a partner really lets you off easy." "Yeah man, I mean you won't have to do anything at all, that walking disaster will probably do all the work." Dean Thomas said. Dean's remark made Blaise angry, she was about to go over and tell them off when Harry's voice made her stop. "That's horrible of you to say. She's not that bad, she seems like a really nice person. Just because she studies hard and is in the library a lot doesn't make her a disaster." his tone relayed his annoyance at his friend's ignorance. He stalked off ahead of the other two. Blaise looked at Hermione who was smiling adoringly. "I suppose you heard what he said?" "Yeah," Hermione said wistfully. Blaise grabbed Hermione's arm and started pulling her towards the door. "Come on lover girl, we have class to get to." The rest of that day, Hermione felt like she was in a daze. It was unusual for her not to pay attention in class, but every time she tried to focus on her teacher, her mind would drift back to Harry. Harry and his green eyes, his black hair that she longed to run her fingers through, and his lips that she was dying to have pressed against hers. At the thought of how they would feel on hers, she absentmindedly ran her tongue along her bottom lip. Hermione sighed and looked up at the clock. Two hours till dinner, she didn't know if she could last that long, thinking about Harry was putting a strain on her studies. That night, at dinner, Hermione surreptitiously stole looks at Harry at every chance she got, much to Blaise's amusement. "Why don't you say something to him tonight?" Blaise asked as she sipped from her goblet. "I mean, he obviously likes you, he defended you today." Hermione snapped her head away from the direction of the Gryffindor table. "I wish." she said. "Fine, don't believe me." Blaise said, sitting back and picking up her fork. "But you know I'm right." Hermione sighed. "Maybe...but I doubt he likes me as more than a friend.” Blaise smirked at Hermione's remark. "Don't be silly. If you just listen to me, you'll have him begging in no time." Hermione frowned. "I'm not into those games like you are." Blaise looked at Hermione while popping an olive into her mouth. "Come on, everyone is into those kinds of games to some extent." "Yeah well not me." Hermione said picking at her food. "You need to eat Hermione, you need your energy for tonight." Blaise wiggled her eyebrows suggestively. "Blaise! I can't believe what you are saying. You are so so naughty." Hermione couldn't help but laugh a little. "If I know you, you know where all the best snogging places are in the library." Blaise said with a straight face. “I should have you make me a list sometime.” Hermione smirked at Blaise and turned to take another peek at Harry but as she turned to look at him, she found his piercing emerald gaze already looking in her direction. He smiled lightly before she turned around. "Blaise, why didn't you tell me he was looking over here?" Blaise looked at her friend for a long moment. "Hermione, you're not still thinking of what those two jerks said after History of Magic are you? You know it's not true." "Ye--Of course not Blaise, don't be ridiculous." Hermione said looking away so her friend couldn't see she was lying. "Hermione, don't think about them. Harry obviously disagrees with what they said, and so do I." Blaise argued. "You're not a walking disaster, how could they say that they don't even know you!" "Yeah well it still hurts Blaise, I don’t know. Maybe I'm not cut out for this. Harry deserves someone at least jinx free." Hermione said with a tiny laugh. Blaise leaned forward, her eyes giving off dangerous sparks. "I have half a mind to go give them a piece of my mind for putting those thoughts in your head. If you're jinxed then so am I." Hermione opened her mouth to speak but she didn't have time for Harry came over to her table, smiling. "Are you ready to go, or do you need time to finish your dinner?" he asked, looking at her almost full plate. Hermione didn't feel much like eating anyway. "No, I’m all finished." "Great." Harry said. "Let's go read about witches!" he joked and Hermione laughed, waving to Blaise as they walked off together. Blaise smiled thoughtfully at the two of them as they left, and then her gaze narrowed in on two boys still eating at the Gryffindor table. Shoving her unfinished dinner aside, she stalked over. "Dean Thomas and Seamus Finnigan, right?" she asked, her brightest smile stretched across her face. Both boys stopped shovelling food in their mouths and gaped at her. Seamus had mashed potatoes dripping down his chin, and when Dean smiled back at Blaise, he had something green stuck between his teeth. “Might I have a word with you two, somewhere private?” she asked, trying to control her revulsion as she lightly traced her index fingers across their shoulders. The boys tried to keep from giggling, but they couldn’t help it. “Sure.” Seamus finally said, and he and Dean got up, both shooting looks at one another. They both thought this must be their lucky night, Blaise Zabini was one of the most sought after witches in the school. "Just let me do all the talking" Dean said quietly to his friend as Blaise led them into the hallway. "Why do you get to do all the talking?" Seamus asked, a little peeved. "Because you always get tongue tied and then you start making an ass out of yourself. That’s why." Dean said confidently. "Just let me handle this I know all about women, she'll be putty in my hands" He grinned. Dean cleared his throat. "So Blaise, can I call you Blaise?" He smiled widely. "Of course." Blaise purred sweetly. Dean felt more confident now. "You know I was thinking that maybe you and I could spend some time together.” "All three of us?" Blaise asked innocently, pursing her lips and touching a finger to her cheek. "Well, I was actually thinking more one on one, if you know what I mean..." Dean grinned and she saw the green piece of food in his teeth again. "Ugh, what in the world. How long has that been there?" Blaise thought to herself. However, she forced herself to smile sweetly once more as Dean kept grinning. Seamus stood to the side, sulking. "So what do you say?" Dean's grin was even wider and more foolish looking than before. "I say you must be crazy to think I'm really interested in someone like you!" Blaise couldn't keep up her act any longer. Dean and Seamus's jaws dropped practically to the floor in shock as Blaise raged. "How dare you say those things about my best friend today. Don't you know she heard every word you said? I don't think EITHER of you realizes just how bad you hurt her!" Blaise nearly screamed. Dean and Seamus lowered their heads in shame. "We didn't mean for you to hear it." Dean blurted out. "That doesn't make it any better!" Blaise lowered her voice to a hiss. "If you two would just take your eyes and look at her, you'd realize she's the farthest thing from a walking disaster and she's a lot better person than either of you!" Blaise turned on her heel and began to stalk away, then turned back. "By the way..." she added, pointing at Dean. "You have something in your teeth!" Blaise flipped her hair back around and flounced away. "Okay, what about Sarah Goode, I know she was convicted of being a witch in 1607, but what was the date of her burning?" Harry asked, flipping through a thick dusty book. Hermione looked up. "Try page two hundred fifty six." She replied. Harry quickly turned that to that page, and to his amazement, she was right. "Wow! How did you know that?" Harry asked in awe, looking at her with respect. "Well I'm really good with numbers, you know if I went to Monte Carlo I could make a fortune." Hermione grinned. "I'll keep that in mind." Harry joked. "Just in case I ever need a loan." Hermione smiled back, then looked down at her parchment. Harry watched her a minute more then got back to work himself. They worked diligently for another hour or so, until Harry shut his book with a loud snap. "I don't know about you, but I can't stand looking at one more date!" he said, sitting back in his chair. Hermione nodded, "So do you want to head back to our dorms or something, I mean it’s only…" She looked up at the clock, which said ‘Too early to go to bed’. "But if you want to leave its fine." "No... no I don't want to leave yet." Harry said, stretching his arms above his head. Hermione couldn't help but look at his abs, which were exposed as his jumper rose. Her face flushed slightly pink. "All right." she said, trying to keep her voice from squeaking. "What do you want to do?" "Just talk, I suppose. Get to know each other better. Where did you grow up before you came to Hogwarts?" Harry asked pleasantly leaning his arm on the table, propping his head up giving her his attention. He looked so cute with his chin resting on his hand that she nearly couldn't answer him. “London.” Hermione finally answered. “I lived there all my life until I came here. What about you?” “Little Whinging.” He said. “I live with my aunt and uncle.” “Right.” Hermione said. She knew all about his parents. “Are they nice?” Harry snorted. "Not really. I don't get on with them. They're afraid of anything magic, and that includes me." "I suppose you could get whatever you wanted from them if you just say ‘I'll curse you if you don’t.’" Hermione said, grinning and Harry laughed. "I did that for awhile, after first year, but then they found out that I wasn't allowed to do magic outside school so my fun ended." Harry pouted playfully and Hermione nearly fell off her chair. "What are you planning to do after you leave Hogwarts?" she asked, holding on to the table in case he made some other endearing face. "Well I think everyone expects me to become an Auror or a professional Quidditch player, but what I'd really like to do is become an artist." Harry said. "Really?" Hermione looked surprised. "I've never told anyone that before." Harry confessed. "Do you think it sounds stupid?" "No it sounds wonderful." Hermione replied eagerly. "What about you?" Harry asked, looking at her intently. "You strike me as the type to want to work in research, or a medi- wizard." "Well I suppose that would be nice, but I'd really like to be an archaeologist." Hermione said. "Now you sound like me." Harry teased. "You just turned artist into archaeologist." Hermione's mouth fell open. "I did not!" she claimed, but she was grinning. "I've always wanted to be an archaeologist! You copied off ME!" Harry's grin got wider. "Prove it." He challenged. They both started laughing when a snide voice interrupted. "So, only a month out of our relationship, and you're already hitting on the next guy in line." Justin Finch Fletchley sneered, and Hermione's smile disappeared. "Go away Justin." Hermione said. “I don’t have time to argue with you right now.” She turned away as if to dismiss him. Justin's lip curled up. "Don't you speak to me like that." he grabbed her arm and tried to pull her up. She yelped in surprise and pain. "Ow!" she cried. "Leave me alone Justin! Why can't you get it through your thick head that I don't want to go out with you anymore?" she tried to yank her arm away but he had too firm a firm grip. In one swift move, Harry leapt across the table. "I believe she asked you to leave her alone." he said darkly, pushing Justin away from Hermione. Justin glared at him, then at Hermione. "This isn't over." he spat, then turned on his heel and angrily left the library. "What was that all about?" Harry asked as Hermione sat back down. He took the chair next to her and put his hand on her arm. "Are you all right?" "Oh...he's just a big jerk that I made the mistake of going out with." Hermione replied. "He thinks just because he apologised for cheating on me that I should take him back." Small tears formed in her eyes as she remembered how worthless she felt when Justin had told her what he had done. "You shouldn't have to take that kind of treatment from anyone." Harry said, putting a comforting hand on her shoulder. "You'll find someone who treats you like you deserve." His hand moved from her shoulder to her back, where he rubbed it in small, gentle circles. Hermione sniffed as two tears ran down her cheeks, then without really realising what she was doing, turned and threw her arms around Harry’s neck. She began to cry hard into his shoulder. “Shhh…” Harry said, continuing to stroke her back softly. He realised just how badly Justin had hurt Hermione, and it was probably the first opportunity she had to let her feelings out. "It'll be all right..." he continued to let her cry, and after awhile her shoulders stopped shaking. Hermione sniffed, feeling better that she finally had a good cry over the situation. Then she realised just what she was doing, and pulled back. "I'm so sorry!" she gasped, mortified. "I didn't mean to lay that on you the way I did." “It’s all right.” Harry said. "I should probably go back..." Hermione said reluctantly. Her head was spinning now. "Uh...yeah me too." Harry said with a tiny smile, hoping that she was feeling better now. They both gathered their books and walked out together. "Look," he said as they were about to part. "If you should ever want to talk again, I'm here okay?" “Thanks.” Hermione said, giving him a tiny smile. “I appreciate it.” “Anytime.” Harry replied. He patted her arm. “I’ll see you tomorrow.” He grinned and went in the direction of Gryffindor Tower. Hermione walked a moment then turned and leaned against the wall, watching him walk up the stairs. She wished so hard at that moment she had agreed with the Sorting Hat when it wanted to put her in Gryffindor.~*~*~*Flashback*~*~*~ Hermione stared up at the train. Since her parents were Muggles, they had had to leave her outside the barrier, so she was all alone. She steered her cart over to the train, narrowly missing a boy who was trying to catch his toad. "Sorry!" she called back. She managed to stop her cart before it smashed into the side of the train, and tried to pull her trunk off. "Ow!" she cried as it fell down on her big toe. "Need some help?" a voice said from behind her. A boy came around and lifted her trunk. "Thanks." Hermione replied. With his help, she was able to push it onto the train. This boy seemed really nice. “I’m Hermione Granger.” She said, sticking out her hand. The boy blinked, then took it. “Justin Finch Fletchley.” He replied. “Nice to meet you.” Justin’s eyes flickered off to the left. “I’ll see you at school…” he said, dashing off. Hermione swallowed her disappointment and boarded the train. She went down the hallways, looking for a compartment that didn’t already have tons of people in it. She came across one with the boy she’d almost run down. “Do you mind if I sit here?” she asked shyly. “Uh...uh…” the boy stuttered. “Sure.” He said finally. With relief, Hermione sat down. “I’m Hermione Granger.” She introduced herself for the second time that day. She hoped this time her greeting would be better accepted. “Ne... Neville Longbottom.” The boy said, trying to keep his toad in his pocket. He was unsuccessful, however, and the toad slipped through and hopped out the compartment door. “Oh no!” he wailed, running after it. “Well I certainly hope he finds it.” Hermione said quietly to herself as the train started to move. She spent the first hour or so of the journey to read ‘Hogwarts, A History’. “What a fascinating book!” Hermione said to herself. A rumbling in her stomach distracted her. “I suppose I should see if there’s something to eat somewhere.” Still reading her book, she got up and opened the compartment door. “Ow!” she cried. Hermione had bumped into a large cart being pushed by a plump witch. Stacks of candy and sweets fell off. “I am so sorry!” she cried, flinging her book aside and dropping to her knees to clean up the mess. “Quite all right dear.” The witch said kindly. Hermione bent her head down and started picking up chocolate frogs. “Oops!” Another voice broke through her haze of shame. Hermione looked up to see a pretty girl with reddish gold hair helping her. “Looks like we grabbed the same frog!” she said. “I uh...yeah.” Hermione answered dully. She was so embarrassed. “Thanks for helping me.” She said once they’d finished and the witch had moved on. “Sure.” The girl smiled at her again. “My name is Blaise Zabini, what’s yours?” “Hermione Granger.” She replied. “Would you like to come sit with me?” Blaise asked, motioning to her compartment. It was across from Hermione’s and down one. “Really?” Hermione asked incredulously. “You want me to come sit with you?” “Sure silly!” Blaise said, tugging on her sleeve. “Come on!” The rest of the ride passed by very enjoyably for Hermione. She was so thrilled to have made a friend that she forgot about her earlier troubles with the two boys. “So what House are you hoping to be in?” Blaise asked as they stepped down from the train. “I don’t know I— ACK!” Hermione tripped and nearly fell flat on her face. A couple students around her giggled at her. “Sorry.” She muttered. “It’s okay.” Blaise said. “I’m clumsy sometimes too.” Hermione didn’t think that was possible. Blaise was almost…. elegant, especially for an eleven year old. Blaise helped Hermione up off the ground, "There now, you're all right.” She smiled. Hermione nodded "Thanks, so what was it you were saying about houses?" "Well there are four house, Gryffindor, Hufflepuff, Ravenclaw and Slytherin. I want to be in Slytherin, both my parents were. They have really good jobs now." Blaise smiled a bit. Hermione nodded, "How do you get sorted?" "My mom said you have to fight a dragon, but then my father said you have to swim a mile with the giant squid." Blaise answered nervously. Hermione hoped it wasn't as bad as Blaise described. She saw her getting into a boat to go across the lake. She moved to the edge and stepped over into it, and the boat started rocking a bit. "Oh no." Hermione breathed out, as it started rocking back and forth a lot, it was going to tip over. "Hey sit down!" a boy yelled. "You're going to send us all overboard!” "Look I'm sorry." Hermione shouted back, she saw Blaise laughing lightly. "It’s all right Hermione just relax, stand in one spot and just sit down." Blaise talked her through it and Hermione managed to sit down without sending everyone into the lake. “Thanks for helping me back there Blaise.” Hermione said as she successfully managed to get off the boat without rocking it. “Anything for a friend.” Blaise replied. Hermione grinned back at her. The two girls went through the large doors, gaping at everything they saw. A stern middle-aged witch met them at the top of a stairwell. “Welcome to Hogwarts! In a few moments you’ll be led through these doors to be sorted into your Houses.” The woman went on to name the four houses and told them to wait quietly. Hermione and Blaise looked nervously at one another. They both wondered what they would have to do to prove what House they belonged in. Before they could voice their thoughts, the woman came back and led them into the Great Hall. The girl in front of Hermione pointed up at the ceiling with a gasp. “It’s not real, the ceiling.” Hermione told her. “It’s bewitched, to look like the night sky. You can read all about it in ‘Hogwarts, a History’.” They all reached the front of the room where they gathered in a big group. The woman started calling off names. Hermione watched as Draco Malfoy was put in Ravenclaw, Ronald Weasley in Gryffindor, Susan Bones in Hufflepuff, Neville Longbottom in Gryffindor, and many others in the various four Houses. Finally it was Blaise’s turn. “Wish me luck.” She whispered as she went forward confidently and put the hat on her head. It seemed to wriggle around a bit, but after a moment yelled out ‘SLYTHERIN!’ Blaise hopped off the chair with a large smile and trounced off to the Slytherin table. “Hermione Granger!” the woman called out next. Hermione took a deep breath and went up to the front. She sat on the stool and pulled the hat down over her eyes. “Hmmmm….” A voice said in her ear, making her jump. “What a clever little mind we have here. Very smart, not very cunning, but loyal and lots of bravery. Shy too, I see. Gryffindor might suit you quite well.” “No please.” Hermione said quietly and desperately. “I want to be in Slytherin.” “I don’t know if that House would suit you well.” The hat said. “Please, I don’t want to be in Gryffindor I want to be in Slytherin.” Hermione pressed the issue. The hat seemed to relent. “Only if you’re sure dear.” “I am.” Hermione said. “I’m sure.” “Slytherin may wind up being good for you….” The hat said, then shouted out “SLYTHERIN!” for the whole Hall to hear. Hermione grinned and hopped off the chair and over to Blaise. “This is great!” Blaise whispered. “Now we can room together, have classes together, we’ll be best friends!” ~*~*~*End Flashback*~*~*~Hermione took a deep sigh as she came to the Slytherin Common Room. She spoke the password and went inside. She briefly considered just going right to bed but she knew Blaise would be waiting to hear about her night in the library with Harry, so she detoured up to the Head Girl’s room. “Blaise? You still up?” Hermione asked, tapping lightly on the door. “Come in!” Blaise replied as the door swung open. “So how was it…what happened?” she asked, seeing her friend’s tearstained cheeks. Hermione looked at her sourly as she flopped down on the bed. “The return of Justin, that’s all.” She said, falling back heavily. “Oh that slimy git!” Blaise said angrily. “I have a notion to give him a real piece of my mind!” “No, it’s okay.” Hermione gave a half smile, which faded. “I lost it in front of Harry though, but he was so nice about it.” Blaise stifled a laugh. “See, what did I tell you earlier?” she asked. “I think he likes you.” Hermione gave her another half smile. “I doubt it, but he was awfully friendly, and he said I could talk to him anytime.” “Well that’s great.” Blaise said. “It’s only the beginning for you guys.” She said, hugging Hermione. Over in the Gryffindor Tower, Harry had just entered the boy’s dormitory. Seamus and Dean were in there, getting in a game of Exploding Snap before going to bed. “Hi guys.” Harry said tiredly, tossing his books down on the dresser and falling into his bed. “Harry!” the boys abandoned their game and came over to him. “Look, Harry…” Dean said, looking at Seamus. “We wanted to apologise for the things we said to you about Hermione earlier.” Harry raised his face off the mattress. “Oh?” he asked. “Yeah.” Seamus spoke. “We shouldn’t have said she was a walking disaster, and we’re really sorry.” “Well…thanks.” Harry said to his friends. Dean looked at Seamus again. “So…are you going to score with her or not?” he asked, unable to control his laughter. Harry sprang up and grabbed his pillow. “You’re going to pay for that one Thomas!” he threatened playfully, and soon the Boys Dormitory was covered with flying feathers. Harry threw his head back, gasping for air as tingling sensations wracked his body. A pair of lips were moving down his neck, over his chest and working their way down. “Oh!” his breath caught in his throat as the most amazing feelings washed over him. He felt smooth hands run over his chest, and his back arched as she lavished him with attention. Harry tried to see who was creating these wonderful thrills. Looking down, all he could see was a head of long dark hair, who was she? Forgetting about finding who it was, he let his head fall back again, panting; this was too good to ignore. She was satisfying him immensely, his pleasure factor was going higher and higher as the mysterious girl continued her game. Her lips finally began to work their way back up. “Oh…Harry…” she breathed, and Harry trembled at the way her name rolled out of her mouth. “Please…” his voice came out feebly, still reeling from the passion she’d bestowed upon him. He wanted to ask her name, but before he could even see, her lips were now pressed hard against his, her tongue reaching out, exploring his mouth. Harry kissed her back, she felt so warm, and smelled so good. He reached up under her gown to stroke her skin. It was smooth under his fingers, almost like silk. “Harry…” she drew her mouth away from his now, and he fell back against his pillow in shock. “Hermione?” his voice came out more of a question than shock. “Harry I’ve loved you for so long, say you love me too…” her voice was almost ethereal sounding, her gaze burning yet pleading. He opened his mouth to speak, but she’d pressed her lips to his again roughly, and drew back once more. “Harry its time to wake up.” “What?” he asked, confused. “Time to wake up!” she grinned, leaning away from him. “Time to wake up!” “WHAT?” Harry yelled as he sat straight up. He was breathing heavily, and he looked down to see his nightshirt soaked in perspiration. “Time to get up!” his stupid alarm clock was singing gleefully from his bedside table, and he reached through the hangings and thumped his fist on the top of it, shutting the blasted thing off. “What the hell was that all about?” he mumbled to himself, rubbing the last traces of sleep from his eyes. He reached again through the hangings and grabbed his glasses, settling them on the bridge of his nose. He sat for a long moment; just trying to figure out what that dream had been all about. It had certainly felt real, he reasoned as he pushed apart the curtains and pulled some clean clothes from his wardrobe. Taking a quick shower, he decided to dress in the bathroom and avoid Dean and Seamus until breakfast. Besides not wanting to have them bug him about Hermione, he needed time to think about that dream. Across the castle and in the Slytherin dungeons, Hermione had just awoken. She felt unnaturally tired for some reason, but it could be her embarrassment over what had transpired the night before in the library. She felt so foolish for throwing herself at Harry the way she had, but at the moment Hermione had not cared, she’d have even settled for a stranger, she had just wanted a shoulder to cry on. Now that she’d had time to think about it, it had seemed such a stupid thing to do. “Bother, if he’s as embarrassed as I am then I’m sure I’ll find out soon enough.” Hermione grumbled to herself, taking care not to wake her roommates. She grabbed up her clothing and headed towards the Head Girl’s bathroom, knowing Blaise wouldn’t care if she used it. As she scrubbed her hair, she thought again about Harry. It wasn’t normally like her to moon over one guy for as long as she had him, but there was something about his bright green eyes and messy midnight hair. “Honestly!” she finished showering and wrapped herself in a large towel. A knock was heard on the door. “Hermione?” Blaise poked her sleepy face through the doorframe. “How long have you been in here?” she asked, yawning. She locked the door behind her as she came inside. “A little while.” Hermione answered as she finished dressing. Blaise disappeared in the shower stall as Hermione finished drying her hair. “Let me put some makeup on you.” Blaise said, as she did every morning. Hermione stared at her reflection for a few moments. “All right.” She agreed. “But don’t go overboard.” Blaise nearly fell over in shock. “What?” she asked. “I said, all right.” Hermione repeated patiently. “Just don’t go overboard.” Blaise immediately came over and sat down next to Hermione. “This is great!” she squealed. Hermione felt a twinge in her stomach, but she trusted her friend. And perhaps if she looked pretty, Harry wouldn’t feel ashamed of being her partner. “I know I had some eye shadow in here that will work perfectly.” Blaise muttered, digging through a deep drawer filled with cosmetics. “Aha!” she pulled out some light green shadow, and then grabbed a tiny brush. “Okay, close your eyes.” Hermione obediently did as she was told. “This green shade will work with your brown eye colour. Green always brings out brown.” Blaise lectured as she gently brushed the shadow on. Hermione opened her eyes and turned to look, but her friend stopped her. “You can’t look until I’m done!” she said, turning Hermione so she faced away from the mirror. “Now…you’ve still got good colour in your face so you don’t need any blusher, but you could use some gloss….” She dug through the drawer again. “I don’t like lipstick.” Hermione said as she watched Blaise hunt through yet another drawer. “It’s not lipstick, it’s lip gloss.” Blaise pulled a tiny tube of shiny pinkish gloss out of the clutter. “There’s a big difference.” “If you say so.” Hermione sighed. She sat still as Blaise applied the gloss. “Rub your lips together.” She said, and stood back and surveyed her. “Okay…” “All done?” Hermione asked, relieved. “Nope.” Blaise grabbed her brush. “We need to fix your hair. Do you want it up or down?” “Down, I guess.” Hermione said as Blaise fussed with her dark brown locks. She was beginning to grow impatient as her hair was tugged and pulled, but finally Blaise set the brush down and grinned. “All ready!” she said, and spun Hermione around. Her mouth fell open as she looked at herself. Her hair had been pulled back at the sides, and for some reason, this style made it look less bushy. Blaise had been right about the eye shadow, and about the gloss. The difference was quite subtle, but noticeable. “Harry is going to go crazy when he sees you.” Blaise grinned, proud of her work. “You think?” Hermione asked absently, straightening her jumper. “I mean, what does it matter? I look nice for me, and only me.” “Right.” Blaise said sarcastically, rolling her eyes. “I’ll be ready in about fifteen minutes, are you going to wait for me?” “Merlin’s Beard, yes!” Hermione exclaimed. “I’m not walking down there alone.” Blaise pushed her out the door. She hoped that looking nice would give her best friend some more confidence. Hermione had a lot going for her, but hid herself in books. And assholes like that Dean Thomas and Seamus Finnigan didn’t help matters any. “Ready to knock Harry’s block off?” she asked cheerfully as she came out twenty minutes later. “If I don’t die of hunger first.” Hermione said. The two girls left the Head Girl and Boy common room and went into the hallway. “Blaise, are you sure I look fine? No one will laugh at me?” “Herms, I’m insulted that you think I’d lie to you.” Blaise slung an arm around Hermione’s shoulders. “Don’t call me Herms, you know I hate it.” Hermione glared at her. “Well you insulted my makeup.” Blaise said lightly. “So I can call you Herms.” The two girls sniggered as they came to the Great Hall door. A few people turned to look at Hermione as the two girls wove their way to the Slytherin table, but for the most part, no one bothered to look. “See, I told you it was subtle.” Blaise said as they took their seats. Food appeared on the platters in front of them, and everyone began to eat. Hermione was eating some oatmeal when Blaise jabbed her. “Don’t look now…” she hissed. “Harry’s staring at you. This is the fourth time I’ve caught him looking since breakfast started.” Hermione gulped down her cereal, and discreetly looked up. Blaise was right, Harry was indeed looking in her direction, although he was not wearing a smile, his face was troubled. “Smile at him, wave, or something!” Blaise said through her teeth. “I will!” Hermione hissed back at her. Trying hard to remain casual, she slowly brought her head up, so that her eyes met Harry’s. Forcing a smile and keeping the redness in her cheeks down, Hermione was pleased with herself for managing a wave. Harry shook his head as if he’d been staring into a space, and waved back. Blaise grinned as the flush came full force into Hermione’s face. “See.” She said, full of self importance. “I was right, once again. Now just wait until he sees you close up, then he’ll really be staring.” Harry gobbled the rest of his breakfast down. He was eager to leave the Great Hall before everyone else did. His feelings were confusing him so much, he didn’t want to talk to anyone before he could sort them out. He had the thought that he would try to talk to Draco later, perhaps that could help. “See you guys in class.” He said to Dean and Seamus as he grabbed his books and practically ran towards the doors. Once outside, he leaned against the wall and closed his eyes, hoping his best friend would come out soon. “Harry?” a female voice asked tentatively. His eyes snapped open and he saw Hermione, who was twisting the edge of her robes in her hand. “Hi!” he said, a bit too loudly. “I’m sorry for startling you.” She apologised. “I uh…I wanted to say I’m sorry about last night.” “What do you mean?” Harry asked, transfixed by her mouth. Oh, what things she had done to him with that mouth just a few hours ago in his dreams. He felt his traitorous body react to that thought, and he shifted his books so it was covered. “Well, about sobbing all over you like I did.” Hermione replied. Was it her imagination, or was he extremely fidgety today? “It’s just…I’ve only been able to talk to Blaise about what happened with Justin, and I guess…you were just in the wrong place at the wrong time.” “It’s okay.” Harry replied. He stepped closer to her, and was shocked for a moment at how pretty she was. Had she been so pretty before, or was it just his dream? ‘She was pretty before…you’re just responding more now.’ A nagging voice echoed in his head, and he shook it away. “You needed a friend, and that’s what we are.” “Really? You’re not angry or anything?” Hermione asked. “Nope.” He grinned now, although he still felt quite troubled. “Anytime you want to talk, I’m here.” He moved a bit closer to her. “And if that jerk Justin gives you any more trouble, let me know too.” “Okay.” She said, nervous that he was so close to her. She could smell him; he had a scent she couldn’t quite place, something woodsy yet clean smelling. “Thanks, Harry.” “Sure.” He said as she waved and scurried back to the Great Hall. He waited a few more minutes and Draco came strolling through the doors. “Glad you’re here.” Harry grabbed his arm and pulled him along the corridor. “Great to see you too, Potter.” Draco said languidly. “Where’s the fire?” he asked. “I need to talk to you.” Harry replied. “It’s really urgent.” “When isn’t something an urgency with you?” Draco asked as they went into the empty Transfiguration classroom. It was so early that McGonagall wasn’t even there yet. “It’s just you’re good with girls and I’m…not.” Harry ran a hand through his black hair. “True.” Draco said, stretching lazily. “So what girl are you having trouble with?” “Well…none.” Harry said. “I’m not sure if I really like her, or if it’s just my imagination.” “Do tell me more.” Draco said, sitting up. He listened while Harry described everything that had happened since he and Hermione had been paired up as partners. “Sounds like a really graphic dream.” Draco teased as the flush rose in Harry’s face. “It was.” Harry replied. “But I’m not sure about how I feel now. Is it because I had a dream like that about her?” “Harry, usually when you dream about a girl, it means you already like her.” Draco said with expertise. “I barely know her.” Harry objected. “I mean, I’ve known who she is, but until a few days ago, we probably spoke maybe twice in our lives.” “You think she’s pretty?” Draco pressed. Harry thought for a minute. “Yeah.” He said. “Yeah, she’s pretty.” “Well, ask her out and see if anything comes of it.” “I’d like to get to know her better first, as a friend.” Harry replied. “Then do that, but don’t be surprised if you find yourself falling for her completely.” Draco drawled. Harry tossed his Transfigurations text at him. “Thanks for the advice!” he said sarcastically. “So you see, they didn’t actually burn, but experienced only light tickling sensations.” Harry dictated aloud as he copied the information neatly onto a piece of parchment. “I thought it wasn’t light, but heavy.” Hermione frowned, poring over another book. She and Harry were sitting side by side at a table in the library, books stacked around them so highly that they couldn’t see over them. “No, it’s a light tickling.” Harry said. “Gentle, if you want the proper wording.” He pushed the book between them and pointed. “Look, gentle.” “You like being right, don’t you.” Hermione didn’t mind his teasing, not in the least. “Especially when it means you’re wrong.” Harry said smugly but jokingly. “You’re so funny!” Hermione said sarcastically, but she was grinning. “I still believe it was a heavy tickling!” “You want to see heavy tickling?” Harry moved the book aside. Hermione eyed him warily, pleased yet alarmed he was so close to her, it was making her a bit dizzy. “What do you mean?” “This!” Harry went in for the kill, and began tickling her sides mercilessly. “Harry!” she shrieked, then collapsed in silent, tortured giggles as he squeezed her sides. “Now THAT’S heavy tickling!” he said about two minutes later, laughing too hard to continue. “Oooh that was mean!” Hermione wiped tears from her cheeks. “I’m sorry.” Harry said in a voice that showed he didn’t mean it. “Really. I am.” “You are not.” Hermione swatted him on the arm. She was extremely proud of herself for not becoming flustered like she usually did. Something about him made her feel extremely comfortable. “I think that’s good enough for tonight.” Harry said about a half hour later. “We’re making really good time on this, we’ll have it done way ahead of the due date.” “I think so too.” Hermione agreed, marking her page with a scrap of parchment. Harry grinned at her, she’d left her hair in the style it had been in at breakfast, and it looked so cute on her. He was feeling better about his feelings ever since talking to Draco, and getting to know her first as a friend would be the best thing to do. “So what else do you like to do for fun? We never got to finish talking last night.” “Yeah, that got spoiled a bit didn’t it.” Hermione made a face. “Well, I love to read, I like to write….what about you?” “Well, flying is my absolute favourite thing to do.” Harry said. “I take my Firebolt out whenever I get a chance to.” “I suppose being on the Quidditch team helps as well.” Hermione smiled. “I love Quidditch.” Harry smiled. “Have you ever played?” Hermione’s eyes widened. “I hope you’re kidding.” She said. “Me, on a broomstick?” “What’s wrong with that?” Harry asked. “It’s obvious you’ve never seen me fly before.” She said, laughing a little. “For one thing, I’m terrified of heights, and for another…my coordination when my feet aren’t touching the ground is a little…off.” “Come on.” Harry said, standing up and holding his hand out to her. “I beg your pardon?” Hermione asked, looking up at him. “Come on. I’ll take you for a ride.” He grinned, not noticing the context of his words. ‘He wants to take me on a ride, Merlin’s Beard does he know what he’s implying?’ Hermione thought, desperately trying to decide whether or not sitting on Harry’s broomstick WITH Harry was something she could handle. “It’ll be fun, and I won’t even take you that high.” Harry was saying. “You’ve already taken me high.” Hermione muttered. Harry’s eyes widened and Hermione’s face flushed so red she figured steam was coming out of her ears. “What did you say?” he asked curiously, a slight shade of pink staining his cheeks as well. “I said…uh…I don’t mind if you take me high.” Hermione covered up. Harry grinned even wider and she felt dizzy again. “All right!” he reached down and grabbed her hand. “This will be fun. I’m excited, I never got to take a girl flying before!” this time it was his turn to flush a deep red. He held on to her hand but neither one spoke until they were near the locker rooms. “I’ve just got to get my broom.” Harry said, pushing the door open to the boys’ locker room. “Okay.” Hermione hugged her arms around herself and wished she’d brought her cloak outside with her, it was extremely cold. Silently willing herself not to be nervous, she jumped when Harry touched her arm. “I brought this for you.” He held out his extra Quidditch robe. “Might be a bit large on you, but it’ll keep you warm.” Hermione suddenly felt glowing warm as he helped slip it on. “Thank you.” She smiled up at him. “But won’t you be cold?” “Nah, I’ll be all right.” Harry said. “I want to show you this first, before we fly.” “What?” Hermione asked, as he took her by the hand again and pushed the doors open. “The Quidditch field.” Harry answered. “I’ve seen the Quidditch field before.” She replied. “Not from down here you haven’t.” he answered, pulling her along so that they were once again outside. “Look up.” Hermione gasped as she raised her eyes to the sky. The stands were high above them, and the sky overhead was scattered with millions of stars. Hogwarts was so far into the country that every cluster and constellation was visible. ‘How romantic…’ Hermione thought to herself. She could only imagine what he must be like on a real date, if he felt romantically about a girl, what he would do for her then. ‘I only wish it were me…’ she thought wistfully. “Isn’t it a great view? It always gives me such a rush right before the game.” Harry said. “It’s incredible.” Hermione breathed, turning around in a circle to see everything. He watched her spin around a few times, admiring the way the moonlight played off her features, ‘She looks so pretty, I wonder why anyone hasn’t snatched her up yet? Besides that loser, Justin that is…’ Harry thought. ‘I wonder why she’s in Slytherin, she seems too nice for that.’ He shook his head, as if to wake himself up. “Come on, let’s get in the air!” he exclaimed. “I saw you looking at those stars.” Hermione approached the broom with an apprehensive look on her face. “Are you sure I’ll be safe on that?” she asked timidly. “Of course.” Harry scoffed, jumping onto it. “And I’m an expert flier.” Hermione just looked at him. “Come on, I know we haven’t been friends that long, but you can trust me.” She nearly melted when he said that, and when he looked at her with those large, brilliant green eyes of his, there was no way she could have refused. “All right.” She said nervously, climbing onto the broom in front of Harry. He quickly slid one of his arms around her waist. “Okay, just lean against me.” He said, and after taking a deep breath, Hermione did just that. ‘Oh Merlin’s Beard, I’m sitting in his lap!!’ her mind screamed with joy. Harry pushed off the ground with his feet gently, so that they only rose about ten feet in the air. “Hermione!” Harry laughed when he looked around at her. She had her eyes screwed tightly shut, and she was white knuckling the handle. “You can’t enjoy this if you don’t relax.” He scooted a little closer so he could hold her tighter around the waist. “I promised nothing bad would happen to you.” “I know…but I’m just really afraid of heights.” Hermione said, opening her eyes. “This isn’t high.” Harry grinned mischievously. “This is!” he pulled up on the broom and Hermione screamed as they went up twenty feet. “Harry!” she turned to shout at him, but one look at the impish smile on his face made her forget about being angry. “Don’t go any higher!” “What?” he yelled, even though he could hear her perfectly. “Go higher?” he pulled the broom almost straight up and her body fell completely back against his. Harry would be lying to say he wasn’t enjoying that. “Harry!!” Hermione screamed. He levelled off the broom; they were now soaring high above the Quidditch stands. “Hermione, open your eyes and look.” He spoke softly in her ear. “The view is amazing.” She took a few deep breaths, she supposed Harry was right, and she did trust him. Slowly opening one eye and then the other, she gave a sharp gasp. “What did I tell you?” Harry asked, satisfied with her reaction. “This…. wow…. this is amazing!” Hermione could see everything from up here! Hogwarts, beyond it, the lake, and in the other direction, she could see the mountains, and in the little valley she could see the twinkling lights of Hogsmeade. “Told you so.” Harry said smugly. “Right, right.” Hermione said, boldly leaning her head back against his shoulder. “Would you like to steer?” Harry asked a little while later. “Me?” Hermione was surprised. “You want me to steer?” “Sure. It’s quite easy.” Harry took the broom down to a lower level. “I’ll guide you first, then let you take over.” He placed his hands over hers. Hermione felt the now familiar dizzy sensation of having Harry touch her. “O—okay.” She stammered. “Now push forward, like this.” He demonstrated for a few minutes, and then wrapped his arms back around her waist. “Easy!” “This is fun!” she exclaimed, veering the broom left, then right. “Want to take it up?” Harry asked, and Hermione nodded. “Pull up, then, like I did earlier.” She let out a squeal of pleasure as the broom smoothly went up about fifteen feet. Harry chuckled at her obvious delight. After about a half hour, Hermione decided she’d had enough of flying for the night, and she was proud that she got them back to the ground without a single bump. “See, you did great out there!” Harry was happy that he’d gotten her to fly. Hermione was still flushed with excitement and the feeling that came with being next to the boy she loved. “That was really fun.” “You’re a natural.” Harry grinned, opening the castle door for her. “We should do it again sometime.” “Really?” Hermione asked, butterflies fluttering madly in her stomach. “Yeah, sure!” he said. “You should consider yourself lucky, I don’t let just anyone ride on my Firebolt.” “Well, okay then.” She said shyly. Harry found himself staring at her again, at the way she twisted her hair around her index finger, her large brown eyes, how her clothes hung just right on her, not tight like most of the girls there wore them. He found himself inexplicably drawn to her at that moment for some reason, perhaps because he saw that she trusted him completely, perhaps it was because he felt like he could be himself around her as well. Harry wanted to kiss her, more than he’d ever wanted to kiss anyone in his life. Just as he was about to step over to her, she spoke up. “I think I should be going to bed now.” Hermione said softly. “Thanks again, Harry.” “Uh…sure.” Harry snapped out of his reverie. “I had fun too.” “See you tomorrow in class.” She waved, then turned and went down the corridor. Harry slumped against the wall, watching her go. He had to admit it now. He was falling for her. “He took you FLYING?” Blaise asked excitedly, her eyes wide. “Excellent!” She grabbed Hermione and hugged her tightly. “It was just flying.” Hermione protested, pulling away from her best friend. “Nothing happened, not like you’re thinking.” “Not because you didn’t want it to.” Blaise grinned wickedly. Hermione crossed her arms. “You know me too well.” “I may suck at Muggle Studies but I’m damn good at you Hermione.” Blaise said, sitting down next to her. “I want details, and lots of them!” For the next half hour, Hermione sat and recanted each detail, how it felt to sit on his broom, with his arms wrapped around her waist, how Harry’s robe had been so warm on her, how they’d gone high above Hogwarts and she hadn’t been scared…. “You have stars in your eyes!” Blaise exclaimed, jumping up from the sofa. “You kissed him!” “I did not!” Hermione said. “I already told you nothing happened!” “Why are you blushing so bad then?” Blaise asked, dancing around the room. “Hermione and Harry were SNOGGING! Hermione and Harry were SNOGGING!” “Will you shut up please?” Hermione hissed, rising up from the sofa menacingly. “Justin’s in the next room and I really don’t want to deal with him.” “Right.” Blaise lowered her voice. “Hermione and Harry were snogging!” Hermione rolled her eyes. “With friends like you, who needs enemies?” she pouted, sitting back down again. “He loved the makeup, that’s why he took you flying!” Blaise said, hugging herself. “Thanks Blaise. So you’re saying that he only likes me when I’m made up, that’s a real confidence booster.” Hermione snapped. “Oh, Hermione, I didn’t mean it like that.” Blaise dropped down beside her. “It’s just that when you present yourself nicely, guys begin to take notice. Tomorrow we’ll…” “No, tomorrow I’m not going to make myself up.” Hermione said firmly. “I like the way I am, naturally.” “Just a little like today.” Blaise wheedled. “We’ll see.” Hermione was indefinite. “I’m going to bed.” “All right, all right.” Blaise knew when to back off. “See you tomorrow.” Hermione said good night and left Blaise’s common room. A large smile stretched across her face as she slipped into her nightgown. She hoped she’d be dreaming about more than just Harry’s broomstick that night. **** One Month Later, Valentine’s Day **** “I truly detest and despise this holiday.” Hermione said flatly. She looked on with a hint of jealousy as three guys came up to her and Blaise, handing her best friend boxes of chocolates and red roses. “Oh Hermione, it’s really not that bad.” Blaise spoke from behind a mountain of flowers. “Easy for you to say.” Hermione muttered, shifting her bag and Blaise’s more comfortably on her shoulder. She’d hated Valentine’s Day for as long as she could remember, and she’d never once gotten a single flower, chocolate or card. Instead, she’d sat back and watched all the other girls at Hogwarts squeal over sappy cards and pink hearts. “Hi Blaise!” a stammering Seamus Finnigan was now approaching the two girls. “I got these for you!” he held out two dozen red roses. “Thank you Seamus.” Blaise flashed an artificial smile at him, she’d been nicer to he and Dean ever since they publicly apologised to Hermione about the things they’d said, but she had no real interest in him. She gathered the flowers into the cumbersome bundle she already had in her arms. “How sweet of you.” Seamus grinned and mumbled something incoherent. “Oh uh…Happy Valentine’s Day Hermione.” He said and stumbled off. Hermione rolled her eyes. “I think I’m going to skip breakfast and go right to class.” She moaned. The last thing she wanted to do was walk into the Great Hall and see girls mooning all over Harry. “You will do no such thing.” Blaise said firmly, shifting the flowers so she could look at her best friend. “Besides, weren’t you going to give Harry your gift?” “Not in front of the whole bloody Great Hall!” Hermione replied. “And if you’ve already gotten this many flowers and chocolates, I don’t want to see how many he has.” “Don’t be jealous.” Blaise said, precariously trying to hold her roses without pricking herself on the thorns. “How about I give you these to hold, it’ll look like you have so many admirers then.” “Right, like people will really believe that.” Hermione rolled her eyes again. “Never mind, I just won’t look at him.” “I’ll believe that when I see it.” Blaise grinned. “Open the door for me, will you?” The girls had reached the Great Hall. Hermione used her shoulder to push the door open, and Blaise broke into a run to drop her flowers by her seat. “Ow!” she cried as a thorn scraped the side of her hand. Hermione kept her head down, trying not to look in the direction of the Gryffindor table. Around her she could hear the screams and squeals of her classmates exchanging dumb cards and cheap chocolates, and she tried to contain her jealousy at not being included. She sat down next to Blaise, thankful that the chocolates and roses were now on the floor out of sight. Hermione reached for a slice of toast and nibbled on it, not caring if it was dry, she just wanted something to do with her hands. “Hi Hermione!” Harry’s voice made her look up. He was working his way past the Hufflepuff table, with a large grin on his face. “Hello Harry.” She smiled back, nervously. “I just wanted to come over and wish you a Happy Valentine’s Day.” Harry said, his hypnotizing emerald eyes glowing brightly. “Really?” Hermione asked, rising from her seat. Her heartbeat quickened under his gaze. “For you.” Harry whipped a large box from behind his back. It seemed the whole Great Hall quieted down and turned to look at the two of them. Hermione couldn’t stop the large smile that crossed her face as she untied the ribbon and carefully tore the paper off. “Oh!” she gasped as she drew a long, ivory nightgown from the box. “It’s for later.” Harry said in a low voice, sweeping the box aside and drawing her to him. “I saw it and I knew it was for you.” “I don’t know what to say…” Hermione stammered, a faint blush appearing across her cheeks as she stared at the lovely negligee. “Don’t say anything.” Harry put his finger to her lips. “Not a word…” his breath was hot on her face as his mouth neared hers. Hermione could barely swallow; his luminous eyes were bearing into hers. Before she could do anything else, his lips had crashed down upon hers, his hands winding around her waist, pulling her body tightly against his. She cupped his cheek, tracing the lines of his face with her fingernail as she opened her mouth to him, their tongues caressing and exploring. Harry took his hands from her waist and with one swoop, cleared the Slytherin table. He scooped her up and laid her down on the top, pressing his mouth back to hers hungrily. He ran his hands down her body, gently caressing the side of her breast. “Ohhh!” Hermione moaned as he attacked her neck with his lips; she arched her back as his kisses grew hotter and more demanding. “Boy, let me have that toast if it’s that fascinating.” Blaise’s voice interrupted Hermione. “What?” Hermione snapped out of her daydream and looked at her best friend. “You’ve been staring at that toast for the past five minutes like it’s got Harry’s face on it.” Blaise teased. Hermione’s face reddened. “Don’t say such stupid things Blaise.” She snapped, biting into the toast. She glared at her friend and then turned out of habit to glance at the Gryffindor table. Her heart sank as she saw that her earlier prediction was right, the seats next to Harry were piled with gifts, ranging from flowers like the ones Blaise had, to Muggle balloons, chocolates, bags of candy hearts, and three large stacks of Valentines. “I can never compete with that.” Hermione muttered darkly. Harry stared at the legions of gifts that were piling up around him. It was quite unbelievable, really, the amount of trouble all these girls went to for him on Valentine’s Day. He hadn’t even heard of half the females he’d received cards and gifts from. Glancing up, he found himself looking straight at Hermione Granger. His heart skipped a beat as he watched her talk to her friend Blaise Zabini, who was also being showered with gifts that morning. He and Hermione had gotten, in his opinion, quite close over the past month, they now considered themselves to be good friends, but Harry knew he wanted more. Watching her now, he could see she was trying to act happy in front of her friend, but she was feeling down, most likely because Blaise had so much attention, and she had none. Harry narrowed his eyes as an idea came to him; he grabbed a blank piece of parchment from Neville Longbottom and snatched his quill from his bag. Working quickly, and from the memory of the daydreaming look she’d just had a few minutes before, he drew an ink sketch of Hermione; quite detailed and lifelike considering it only took him ten minutes to do. Rolling it up, he pulled a red ribbon off one of the gifts. “Dean.” Harry nudged his friend. “Do me a favour— take this over to Hermione for me.” “Sure.” Dean looked excited at the chance to go near Blaise. He grabbed one of the roses that had been delivered to Harry that morning and pranced over to the Slytherin table. “Hi Blaise!” Dean said, grinning foolishly. “This is for you.” He handed her the red rose. “Thank you Dean.” Blaise said politely. “And this is for you, Hermione, from Harry.” Dean said, handing over the rolled parchment. “Oh…uh…thanks….” Hermione said, flushing. Blaise grinned wickedly at her as Dean ran back to the Gryffindor table. “What do you suppose it is?” she asked quietly. “Open it.” Blaise was as curious as Hermione was. She pulled the ribbon off, and unrolled the parchment. “Oh!” Hermione gasped, her eyes going wide. It was a portrait of her; he’d obviously been looking at her when she’d been daydreaming. Her eyes were turned off in the distance; a dreamy, happy look was captured from them. “That’s incredible!” Blaise said, staring at the drawing. Hermione felt like she was drowning, he had done this, this beautiful sketch of her. After what felt like an eternity, she raised her eyes from the parchment and met his from across the Hall. Harry gave her a slight smile and raised his eyebrow, nodding his head towards the doors. She nodded back, a smile blossoming across her lips, and got up to meet him. Harry grinned and got up as well; he was almost to the doors when someone called his name. “Harry Potter!” he turned around and saw a head of long red hair flying at him before he was nearly bowled over by the figure attached to it. “Did you get my Valentine?” Ginny Weasley squealed loudly. “Uh…yeah Ginny, thanks.” Harry tried to pull away but she was like a leech. “I picked out those flowers just for you, and the chocolates are your favourites as well.” She flung her arms around his neck. Hermione felt a lump the size of a Muggle basketball lodge itself in her throat as she watched Ginny throw herself at Harry. Why wasn’t he pushing her away, Hermione wondered, perhaps he really did only think of her as a friend. Blaise came up behind her. “Come on, Hermione, we’ll be late.” Blaise glared at Ginny. “Don’t think about her, she’s the Hogwarts slut, I’m surprised she’s not sleeping with any of the teachers…” she stopped at the sight of Hermione’s long face. “But he wasn’t even pushing her away.” Hermione said glumly. She rolled the parchment back up in her hand. “Hey.” Blaise stopped and dropped all her gifts on the floor. “Who did he draw a picture of?” “Me.” Hermione said. “I’ll bet he didn’t do that for any of the other girls. Just you.” Blaise said firmly. “I don’t want to see any more of that long face.” Hermione pouted anyway. “You don’t know what this feels like.” She said, helping Blaise pick up her gifts. “You have guys admiring you every two feet you walk.” “Every two feet?” Blaise wrinkled her nose. “That’s ridiculous Hermione.” She paused and grinned. “It’s more like every two inches.” Her statement was so ludicrous that Hermione couldn’t help but laugh. Blaise smiled in satisfaction. “There, that’s the Hermione I want to see. Laughing and happy because the guy she loves just drew her a portrait.” Hermione just shook her head as they entered their class. Hermione watched as Blaise bounded off towards the Ravenclaw table and her date for that evening. Most everyone was pairing off to go down to Hogsmeade for a romantic evening, but she was headed to the library like always. She hadn't had a chance to talk to Harry that day, to thank him for the drawing, she wasn't even sure if he'd be working with her that night. 'Probably not.' she reasoned, he most likely had a date himself. Bending down, she tossed her books in her bag and straightened back up. A red rose sat on top of the parchment she'd been taking notes on. "Happy Valentine's Day." Harry grinned at her. A slow smile spread across her face, she bit her lower lip to keep it from growing too wide. A warm, tingling feeling came up from her toes, his smile made her feel like she was stepping into a hot bath. "I...uh..." Hermione swallowed. "Thank you Harry." she managed to say through the lump in her throat. Harry grinned wider, and felt a slight flush begin to make it's way across his face. "You're welcome." he bent his head down, feeling a bit shy. "I'd hoped you would like it." Hermione picked up the rose and touched it's silky petals. "It's beautiful, no one's given me flowers before." she looked back up at him. "I loved the drawing too." "Really?" Harry's eyes brightened. "I drew it this morning, right before I sent it over with Dean. You looked like you could use a little cheering up." Hermione fought to keep her face composed. "I'm not used to people making a big fuss over me, especially on Valentine's Day." she tossed her bag over her shoulder. "So...what are your plans for this evening?" she asked tentatively as they walked from the Great Hall. "Well studying with you, what else?" He grinned. Hermione stopped in her tracks. "You mean you're not going down to Hogsmeade like everyone else?" she asked. She thought for sure he would have a date for tonight. Harry sighed, "Nah it gets really crowded in Hogsmeade during this time, and I'm not a real big fan of crowds." Hermione didn't know what else to say, she was so pleased that she would be spending her Valentine's Day with Harry, even though they would be in the library and not in town. "This is the most perfect rose I've ever seen." Hermione lifted the flower to her nose. "Did you pull it out of the many dozens you got today?" she asked a bit teasingly. "What makes you think I would do something like that?" Harry sounded slightly hurt by what she had said. "I had to sneak out during lunch to get it." He took a breath. Hermione felt bad immediately, she could tell he was hurt. "I'm sorry, I just saw you had so many flowers...." she fought the impulse to turn and throw her arms around him. Harry looked at her, "I would never give you anything that was given to someone else like that, it’s a bit disrespectful and lazy, and I’m not either of those." She looked up at his eyes and felt like melting into a puddle. "You're right, I'm sorry for saying that." she looked away. "You can tell I'm not used to this sort of thing." Harry smiled, "It's all right, don't worry about it. So-- what’s on the schedule for tonight?" "Oh." Hermione carefully set the rose down and rummaged through her bag. "We're about done with the research, we have managed to get through all centuries of witch burning." she thumbed through a stack of parchment. "Basically now it's compiling and putting it into the final form for when we turn it in." Scratching his head Harry glanced at her, "When is the project due again?" Hermione glanced up from her stack of parchment. "We have until April seventeenth." she replied. "But I think we'll be done with it by the first week of March, we've gotten so much done already." Harry nodded, "I agree, we are making excellent time on this." They both sat down and bent their heads over various textbooks; the only sound between them for a while was the scratching of their quills on the parchment. Hermione found herself raising her eyes to look at Harry every so often. She noticed for the first time how his glasses seemed to be a little scratched. An idea formed in her mind of something she could get him as a belated Valentine's Day gift, the next time she was in Hogsmeade she'd find it. Smiling to herself, she went back to her research with renewed energy. Harry shifted in his seat a little, turning his head slightly he stole a glance at Hermione, she had just started twirling a piece of her hair around her finger as she searched for some information in the book. His eyes took in her slender face; her eyes were downcast as she was reading silently. He took a breath and noticed the way she tilted her head a bit to the side. Hermione looked up at that moment, and their eyes met across the table. He had been looking at her; this realization made her heart pound slightly harder than before. They stared at each other for what seemed like forever, when the sound of flapping wings pulled their gaze away. Hermione looked away reluctantly. "An owl in the library?" she was confused. Harry just shrugged "I guess so.” To her great surprise, the owl swooped down and dropped a large package directly in front of her. "For me?" she asked it, then immediately felt stupid. Harry looked away a moment, who would send her a present. Harry felt his blood boil with just the thought of someone else sending her something sweet and romantic. Some other guy, with his sloppy writing, was making her blush and giggle. He didn't like this one bit, he wanted to bet he one to make her blush and giggle. “So who's the gift from?" Harry said hoping he didn't sound as bitter as he felt as he leaned back in his chair. Hermione lifted the package closer to her, from his reaction; she guessed that this wasn't another surprise from Harry. "I don't know." she pulled off a card in a pink envelope. Her face fell as she read. "It's from Justin." Harry forced a smile, thinking boy do I hate that guy. "What does the card say?" "For MY Valentine." Hermione read on the outside, it showed a picture of a guy holding the girl in his arms tightly, almost possessively. "We can get back together when you've opened this. Justin." Hermione looked up and wrinkled her nose. "That's.... romantic." Harry nodded, "More like freaky if you ask me." He shrugged. "He automatically thinks you'll fall into his arms after whatever he gave you." He poked the wrapped box with the tip of his quill. "I'm almost scared to find out what's in there." Hermione said, but after looking at Harry, she began to peel off the wrapping paper gingerly. She pried open the box with her fingernail, and gasped. Harry was torn, he wanted to know what was in there, but then again he wanted to burn whatever was in there. He cleared his throat his curiosity got to him. "So what did you receive from Mr. Romance?" Hermione fought hard to stifle her laughter as she used the tips of her fingers to pick up a pair of hot pink underwear. She watched Harry's eyes grow wide as she turned them around so he could see the flashing JUSTIN on the seat. "For one thing, I make it a point never to wear pink, especially this shade...." her voice was thick with laughter. Harry was still shocked but he couldn't help but start to laugh. It was the most ridiculous thing he had ever seen. "Who in their right mind would find this appealing." Harry nearly clutched his side from laughing so hard. "Justin." Hermione answered, dropping the underwear back into the box like it was on fire. "Oh and look, perfume!" she picked up the heavy bottle. "Eau de SwampFire." Hermione raised her eyebrow. She pulled the top off the bottle and lifted it to her nose, and immediately pulled it away, coughing and sputtering. "That...has...got.... to be...worst smell ever!" she gasped, trying to breathe. She passed the bottle to Harry. “Ugh, what is that smell?” Harry cringed; he felt short of breath. "Is that the perfume? Gods it smells like a dead skunk!” Hermione covered her mouth with her hand, she actually felt nauseous. She quickly covered the bottle back up and threw it in the box. Both she and Harry fanned the air, trying to clear it so they could breathe again. "Well honestly!" she huffed when they were finally able to remove their hands from their mouths. "If he REALLY thinks that would win me back...." "Then he's got another thing coming." Harry finished her sentence. They both grinned each other again as Hermione's brain started to work. "I've got an idea,” she said wickedly, grabbing the box. "You might want to cover your nose again." Harry wasted no time, and pinched his nose closed. Hermione took a deep breath, then pulled the top back off the perfume and dumped half the bottle on the underwear. She picked it up with the tips of her fingers again and carried it quickly across the room where Justin's bag sat on a chair. Hermione threw the underwear in, and then proceeded to dump the rest of the perfume all over his books. "That should teach him,” she said, coming back to the table, this time sitting down next to him. Harry removed his hand from his mouth, looking at her with shock. A loud burst of laughter suddenly broke out of him. "I can't believe you just did that?" Hermione looked up at him, a smile gracing her face. "Did what? Get revenge on him finally, for all that he's done?" Harry shook his head, "You're sure something Hermione." He grinned. "What do you mean?" Hermione's voice quavered slightly. “You surprise me, is all.” Harry fumbled for the right words. “I’d never have thought you’d do something like that.” “Well Justin just makes me so angry, he treats me horribly, cheats on me and then thinks a stupid gift and some commanding words can make me want him back!” Hermione burst out angrily. “You deserve someone better than that prat anyway.” Harry said. ‘Like me.’ His mind echoed, but he didn’t dare say that aloud. Hermione looked up and was startled to see him sitting so close to her. Harry’s eyes were boring into hers; neither of them could look away. She could swear he was leaning in closer, now she could almost feel his warm breath on her face. ‘Am I imagining things?” her mind screamed, as he moved in his face even more. ‘Oh Merlin’s beard, he’s going to kiss me!’ Harry wasn’t sure exactly what he was doing; it was like a magnetic pull from his lips to hers. Her eyes fluttered closed as he bent his face even further. “HA!” a loud laugh made both of them jump apart. “Finch Fletchley wears smelly pink underwear!” Draco Malfoy was guffawing; he had just discovered the raunchy knickers. “Wait till this gets around!” he gleefully stuffed them into his bag, intent on embarrassing the Head Boy. Harry saw Draco turn and jerk his head in their direction. Harry glumly waved back, he’d lost his chance to kiss Hermione and he wasn’t pleased about it. “What’s going on, Potter? No date tonight?” Draco sat himself down in Hermione’s vacant chair across the table. “Hi, I’m Draco Malfoy.” He introduced himself. “I’m Hermione Granger.” She replied, shaking his outstretched hand. Her mind seemed to be going in overload, it was still back a second earlier when Harry’s lips had been so close to hers. “I’m surprised you’re not out tonight.” Harry was saying, shooting Draco a look that said he wanted to talk to him later. “Ahhh, I’m meeting Ginny Weasley later.” He said languidly. Harry grinned, knowing exactly what would be happening there. “So what were you two up to, this is a nice cosy corner to be tucked into.” “Just research for our History of Magic project.” Harry replied, and Hermione nodded. “We’re almost finished.” “Lucky.” Draco said. “I have to work with Parkinson, and all she wants to do is check out my ass.” Harry and Hermione stifled their laughter; Pansy Parkinson was another well known slut of Hogwarts. Both looked at each other and smiled, and the awkward moments were past. *** *** *** One Week Later *** *** *** Hermione’s eyes were sparkling as she landed the broom on the Quidditch pitch. She and Harry had been out flying again, and her fear of heights was almost completely gone. They’d flown even higher than normal today, he’d let her have complete control of the broom; he was just on for the ride. “You were fantastic up there!” Harry grinned as they both hopped off the broom. “Are you sure you’d never flown before I started giving you lessons?” “No, I swear!” Hermione’s face was flushed with excitement. “All right, all right.” Harry relented. They walked back through the locker rooms and up to the castle. “We’ll do this again next week, you’ll be a total pro before you know it.” “Great.” Hermione said happily as they approached the library, where they’d left their books when they decided to go for the impromptu flying lesson. “I uh…I have something for you.” She said. “You do?” Harry asked. “Yeah, it’s sort of a belated Valentine’s Day gift, I got it in Hogsmeade last weekend.” Hermione blushed as she fished around in her bag and pulled out the small box. Harry took it and unwrapped it curiously. It was a slender, narrow gold wooden box, with the name Harry James Potter written out in scarlet calligraphy on the top. Opening it, he saw the inside was lined with scarlet velvet. “It’s a glasses case, in the Gryffindor colours.” Hermione’s face was scarlet as well. “I saw your glasses were a bit scratched up and I figured you had no place to put them…” she was cut off as Harry came forward and hugged her tightly. “This is wonderful, Hermione.” He spoke into her hair. Harry felt her arms go around his waist tentatively. “No one’s ever bought me something like this.” “Well it’s not much.” Hermione mumbled, elated to be in his embrace. He smelled so wonderful too, like sweat and wood and pine all in one. “I think it a very thoughtful gift.” Harry said, regretfully breaking away from her. “I always throw my glasses on my nightstand, so they get pretty scratched up.” “Well I’m glad you like it.” Hermione was pleased with herself. They both looked up as the lights in the library dimmed, signalling that it was about to be locked up for the night. “I guess I’ll see you tomorrow then.” Harry said, patting her arm. “Harry?” Hermione said softly as he turned to go. “Yeah?” he asked, looking back at her. “I have a silly favour to ask of you.” She looked down at her shoes. “What is it?” he stepped back over to her. “Well…” Hermione twisted her robe in her hand. “Justin somehow found out that I was the one who dumped the perfume in his bag on Valentine’s Day, and now I’ve caught him following me in the corridors…” “Has he done anything to you?” Harry put his hands on her shoulders. “He um…” Hermione looked away nervously. “He pushed me against the wall the other night when I was walking back from studying…” “Why didn’t you tell me sooner?” Harry demanded. “I didn’t want to make a big deal out of it.” Hermione replied. “If I ignore him, he usually goes away, but I was hoping if he saw you walking me back to my Common Room, he’d leave me alone.” Harry nodded, releasing her from his grip. “All right.” He said as relief wove its way across her features. “But tell me from now on if he tries anything… you shouldn’t have to put up with his shit.” “I know.” Hermione looked downcast as she picked up her bag. They started down the corridor in silence. “Are you mad at me?” “No! Of course not!” Harry said quickly. He stopped and looked at her. “Hermione, I just… I don’t want him hurting you.” He bit his tongue. He’d almost come out and said that he’d fallen for her; it wasn’t the right time for that. Instead, Harry reached over and took her bag from her shoulder. “Thanks.” She said softly, and they resumed walking, but the silence was comfortable this time. “I really appreciate it, Harry.” She said once they reached the Slytherin Common room entrance. “Anytime.” He said, handing her bag back to her. Their hands brushed as she took the bag, causing them both to gasp at the electricity that passed between them. Hermione raised her eyes to his; they had darkened from emerald green to a forest hue. Why was he looking at her like that, she wondered, if he felt even a fraction of the way she felt about him then…Hermione swayed a bit under his intense gaze. “Hermione…I….” Harry felt at a loss for words as they stared at one another. She couldn’t figure out anything to say either, as he gently touched her cheek with his fingers. Her breath came in short, ragged gasps as his lips came closer to hers. Harry watched her eyes slowly close, she wanted this as bad as he did, he could tell. He lowered his mouth even more; his lips had just brushed against hers…. “So, we have another Hogwarts slut I see!” Justin Finch Fletchley had just rounded the corner and was looking at them scornfully. Harry glared at him. “Go inside, I’ll deal with this.” He said, pushing Hermione towards the door. She spoke the password softly and looked back at him. “Go!” he said as she disappeared inside. He turned back to look at Justin. “Messing around with my girlfriend?” he asked, sneering. “She’s not your girlfriend.” Harry said coolly, refusing to lose his temper. “You’re the dumb ass who made the mistake of cheating on her; Hermione doesn’t want anything to do with you.” “You want her for yourself, I can tell.” Harry and Justin were circling each other like vultures. “Who wouldn’t want her?” Harry asked, narrowing his eyes. “She’s smart, sensitive, and attractive. I suppose that’s why you had to cheat on her, she was too smart for you.” “The only attractive thing about her is her ass; that’s the only important thing.” Justin said and Harry growled and rushed at him. “You watch what you say about her!” Harry’s eyes glowed angrily. He grabbed Justin by his robes and pushed him roughly against the wall. “Hermione’s not a piece of ass, or a piece of anything else for that matter!” “It’s not like she’s given you any.” Justin smirked, curling his lip in a Snape-like sneer. “What good is a girl if she doesn’t put out?” Harry had heard enough by now; he pulled one arm back and rammed his fist into Justin’s perfect straight nose. “If I ever, EVER hear about you even going NEAR Hermione again…” he glared menacingly down at Justin. “Like you can stop me.” Justin wheezed, holding his nose. Harry snarled and delivered another blow, this time knocking him out cold. He watched him fall to the floor. “That felt good.” Harry said to himself, then stepped over the unconscious Head Boy and walked away, glancing one more time at the Slytherin Common Room before he went around the corner. “You did WHAT?” Hermione asked, her eyes going wide. “I knocked him out.” Harry replied matter of factly. It was just after lunch on Saturday, and he had cornered Hermione to tell her about Justin. “Have you gone mad?” she asked, lowering her voice. “You knocked out the Head Boy? What if he goes to Dumbledore?” “He won’t.” Harry adjusted the shoulder of his scarlet and gold Quidditch robe. Gryffindor was playing against Ravenclaw after lunch that day, he was supposed to be on the field already but he’d wanted a minute to talk to Hermione. “Besides, if he rats on me for smacking him around, he’ll also get into trouble because he roughed you up too.” “Are you sure?” Hermione asked uncertainly. “I’m not worth getting into such trouble.” She lowered her head a tiny bit. “That’s not true Hermione,” Harry looked around then leaned in closer to her. “Besides, I got Draco to agree not to show off the underwear unless Finch Fletchley tries anything else, then his bright pink knickers will be flying above the Hufflepuff stands.” Hermione gasped and began to giggle; Harry leaned back and grinned. “I can’t believe how handy that gift turned out to be.” She said between fits of laughter. Harry snorted. “Trust Finch Fletchley to dig himself into a hole on his own. I don’t get how he was made Head Boy in the first place…” “Another one of life’s greatest mysteries I suppose.” Hermione said, a smile gracing her face as she gazed up at Harry. They both grinned at each other, going red as they remembered nearly kissing each other the night before. “Well…uh…I suppose I’d better get down to the field.” Harry said a moment later. “You coming to the game?” “Of course.” Hermione said quickly. “I’ll be rooting for you…er…I mean Gryffindor.” Harry felt the blood rush back into his face at her slip up. “All right…. so I’ll see you afterwards…tonight in the library?” Hermione nodded, trying to cover up her embarrassment. “I’ll see you later.” Harry nodded and turned to rush outside, he needed to feel some cool air on his burning face. Jumping on his broom, he flew to the Quidditch field where the rest of his teammates were already gathered. “It’s about bloody time Harry!” Ron Weasley, captain of the Gryffindor team, was giving the rest of them a pep talk. “Sorry.” Harry said. “I had to talk to someone and I lost track of the time.” “Anyways, we know that we’re the best team…” Ron went on and Harry stopped listening, instead he found his mind wandering to Hermione. He wondered how he should act around her now, he figured he had made his feelings clear the previous evening when he’d almost kissed her…but he wasn’t sure, she hadn’t acted much differently around him at lunch. Harry jerked back to attention when he heard Huw Watkins and Alyssa Whitley, both 5th year Gryffindors, start the announcements. “We have Weasley, Potter, Radcliffe, Watson, Adams, Dunn and Swieca!” Alyssa’s voice screamed out the Gryffindor team’s names as they flew out and around the field. The crowd, mainly the Gryffindors and the Slytherins, with a few Hufflepuffs, roared their approval as Harry and Ron did a few loops, slapping each other a high five as they flew past. “Malfoy!” Huw shouted, and the Ravenclaws and the majority of the Hufflepuffs went wild. “Reynolds! Trinity! Bickell! Campbell! Conners! Johnson!” the Ravenclaw team went swooping out weaving their own pattern over the field. Harry grinned at Draco as he looked over at the Slytherin stands. His green eyes swept over the crowd as he tried to see if Hermione was there yet. A few moments later he saw her with Blaise, the two of them were bundled up in their black cloaks and green and silver Slytherin scarves. A burst of happiness shot through him and Harry pulled his broom up sharply and did a few daring spins and dives. “Something’s sure got you happy.” Draco remarked idly as both teams got into position to start the game. “You could say that.” Harry said back as they flew to opposite ends. Madam Hooch released the balls and blew her whistle, and Draco and Harry both took the opportunity to rise above the action. “This have anything to do with Hermione Granger?” Draco asked perceptively as they circled around the field, Draco lagging a bit behind so it looked as if he were tailing Harry in his pursuit of the Snitch. Harry looked back. “Yeah…you were right.” “I always am, especially when it comes to the ladies.” Draco boasted, feigning a look of concentration. Harry mock glared back at him. “Not always, but sometimes.” He looked forward again so he wouldn’t smash himself into the stands. “I don’t know what to do about her though.” “What do you mean?” Draco asked. “Well…” Harry wasn’t sure where to start. “I told you already about Finch Fletchley, but I didn’t tell you what happened before that.” “Did you snog her or something?” He pulled ahead of Harry a bit, and both of them dove down, pretending they were racing for the tiny golden ball. “GRYFFINDOR SCORES!!” Alyssa screamed with excitement. “TEN ZERO!” “No.” Harry replied, pulling up sharply and soaring back into the air. “Well, not really.” “No, not really…” Draco pursed his lips, his white blond hair flying behind him. “Well…I wanted to, and I think she wanted to as well…. and we probably would have if that jerk off didn’t interrupt us.” Draco snorted. “He won’t mess with her anymore, not after you beat the shit out of him and I have his pink undies.” Both boys laughed. “But really, do you think I should kiss her, what if she doesn’t like me that way and then doesn’t want to be friends anymore…” Harry said uncertainly. “Potter, either you kiss her or I will!” Draco announced, circling Harry swiftly. Harry stared at his best friend with his mouth open. “I was kidding!” Harry’s look of shock quickly turned to one of sarcastic annoyance. “You’re so damn funny Malfoy.” “I know.” Draco replied. “Really though, she seems to be smart…she probably won’t run if you plant one on her.” With that, he zoomed away and across the field. Hermione held her breath as Harry and Draco both went into a long dive, and released it as they both pulled up sharply. “Honestly, he’s going to break his neck.” She said to Blaise, who was watching Draco with keen interest. “I can’t believe I never noticed before how cute Draco Malfoy is.” Blaise said. “Blaise!” Hermione tugged on her friend’s cloak. “Right, sorry, breaking his neck. Why would you want him to do that, I thought you loved him.” She replied. “Honestly.” Hermione rolled her eyes and snatched the Omnioculars from Blaise’s hands. She trained them in on Harry, watching with a silent sigh as he flew in crooked patterns all over the field. He did a few loops in the air; just for fun she was sure, as the Snitch was nowhere it sight it seemed. Suddenly, he pulled his broom around and looked straight at her. “Oh Merlin’s beard!” Hermione gasped, almost dropping the Omnioculars on the ground. “What?” Blaise asked, her gaze still fixed on Draco. “He just caught me watching him.” Hermione said, embarrassed. “So?” Blaise turned and looked at her. “You almost snogged his brains out last night and you’re worried about him catching you looking at him?” The match went on for a while, both sides scoring and were now tied 70 – 70. Harry and Draco both seemed to be quite bored, and they were now concentrating on finding the Snitch. “Is that what you two do when he takes you flying?” Blaise asked as the two girls watched Harry pull another spectacular dive. “Goodness, no!” Hermione said. “He knows how scared I am…well…was, of heights, so he took it really easy on me…except for when he was being a goof.” Hermione smiled as she remembered how Harry had gone high and shown her the view of the countryside. Harry swerved around a goal post, trying to find the tiny golden glimmer. He hated it when the ball was above the Gryffindor stands, all the scarlet and gold detracted from the shiny colour of the Snitch. He glanced again for Draco, who was flying around the Hufflepuff stands, and then looked again at the Slytherin area at Hermione. She’d been looking at him through the Omnioculars, he could tell, and that had pleased him immensely. “Come on, you bloody thing, where are you?” Harry’s thoughts returned to the game. He flew around for several more minutes as Gryffindor scored another goal. Then he saw a golden glimmer above the Slytherin stands, it was the Snitch! Harry threw a quick glance to see if Draco saw. He had. Draco was racing across the field towards the Slytherin stands at top speed. Harry flattened himself against his Firebolt and shot off as well, Draco’s Nimbus was no match for Harry’s broom; they were neck and neck within just seconds. “They’re going to fly right into us!” The girl in front of Hermione screamed. Blaise looked startled. “She’s right, Hermione, they’re headed right towards us!” Blaise cowered. “Harry won’t hit us.” Hermione said calmly, grabbing the Omnioculars back and focusing them in on the two boys. Both had extreme looks of concentration etched on their faces, Hermione nearly fell over at the gleam in Harry’s sensual green eyes. “Are you crazy, they’re AHHHH!” the girl in front of them screamed and Blaise pulled Hermione down with her. Harry and Draco skimmed over the top of the stands; the Slytherins could feel the breeze as they shot past. Harry gripped his broom with one hand and reached out as far as he could, edging past Draco and grabbing the Snitch with his fingertips. Pulling up, Harry let out a loud whoop as he held the struggling Snitch in his gloved hand. Ron answered his call from across the field, overjoyed that Harry had once again won a match for Gryffindor. Hermione and Blaise stood up and cheered loudly from the Slytherin stands as Harry waved the Snitch high above his head. He grinned widely as his eyes ran over the crowd, and his gaze locked with Hermione’s. She laughed and waved at him as he gleefully pounded the air with his fist. The rest of the Gryffindor team rounded Harry, screaming and shouting with happiness. He knew he wouldn’t get a chance to talk to Hermione until later when they were in the library, so he just gave up and celebrated with his team for the time being. ***** ***** Later that evening ***** ***** “That was a spectacular win for you, Harry.” Hermione said as she shut the large textbook set on the table in front of her. Harry grinned. “Thanks.” He said. They had come to the library together after dinner and had been working steadily for two hours. “Did you like that bit where he and I flew right over the stands?” he asked impishly. Hermione narrowed her eyes. “You planned that?” “No!” Harry widened his own eyes. “But Draco and I got a good laugh from everyone’s faces.” He replied innocently. “Prat.” Hermione grinned, scratching her quill over her parchment. “I’m finished!” she crowed triumphantly. Harry glanced down at his own parchment. “I still have a page and a half to go.” “Ha.” Hermione said smugly. “Will you help me?” Harry asked. “No way.” Hermione stretched her arms over her head and leaned back in her chair. “Please?” Harry asked again, with a little plea in his tone. “No.” Hermione said, closing her eyes and fighting the smile that threatened to spread across her face. “Pretty please?” Harry asked, pushing his lower lip out. Hermione opened her eyes. “Uhhh! Fine!” she said and he jumped from his chair and slid into one next to her. “Thanks Hermione.” He said, grinning widely at her. Hermione blushed and said nothing; she tried to concentrate on the information in the book. “I’ll dictate, you write.” She said, running her tongue over her lower lip. Harry shifted in his chair as he saw this, all the memories of almost kissing her the previous night came rushing back again. He pushed them from his mind as she talked, and wrote furiously. “…and so Sarah Goode was burned a total of 87 times, which is a set record to date.” Hermione finished, and Harry scrawled the last words and dropped his quill with a flourish. “Finished!” he said happily. “Thanks to me.” Hermione quipped, gathering up his scrolls and adding them to the large pile. “I can’t believe we’ve finished this.” She said, arranging them all neatly together. “Twenty five scrolls on the complete history of witch burning, that’s not an easy thing to accomplish.” “No it’s not.” Harry said, flexing his hand, all the writing had cramped it up. “We make a good team.” Hermione paused for a moment, and then started tying the scrolls together. “Yes we do.” She murmured; she wished he were referring to something else. Harry reached over and grabbed a few scrolls. “I can help you with that.” He said, and they worked in silence. Both of them realised at that moment that their nights in the library were coming to a close, and it saddened them. “Boy, I wonder what I’m going to do with all this free time I’ll have now that we’ve finished.” Hermione said, trying to keep her voice light. “We could still go flying together.” Harry said quickly. “I still have to turn you into a lean mean flier.” They both laughed. “I think that’ll be awhile, I think if I were to go on my own broom right now I’d only be about fifteen feet from the ground at the highest.” Hermione said. “Ahhh I’ll get that out of you.” Harry said mischievously. “I’m telling you, I can be very persuasive.” Hermione dared not look at him; she knew he’d be gazing at her with those deep green eyes of his. She didn’t trust herself enough to not reach over and finish what they’d tried to do last night. They finished tying the scrolls and Hermione stacked the library books in a neat pile to be returned to the shelves by Madam Pince. “Hey do you want to get out of here?” Harry asked a minute later. “What?” Hermione asked. “Like go for a walk or something?” he said. “Just over the grounds, maybe even do a bit of flying…” “Sure.” Hermione said, her voice a bit higher than usual. “I need to get my cloak though, and I want to take these back to my dormitory.” “All right.” Harry said. “How about we meet by the main doors in ten minutes?” “Okay.” Hermione nodded, grabbing the scrolls. She dashed off at top speed, throwing the scrolls on her bed and grabbing her warmest cloak. Throwing it around herself, she tied it at her neck, and inspected herself quickly in the mirror. Slapping at her cheeks a bit made them a tad pinker; Hermione also dug through her drawer for the tiny pot of lip gloss that Blaise had given her. She rubbed a bit on, and then forced herself to breathe. “It’s just a walk, just a walk, and it’s just a flying lesson.” She told herself, and then ran back out to the main hallway. Harry was leaning against the wall as she approached. “Ready?” he asked, smiling at her. “Yes.” She answered. He held his arm out and she looped her hand through it. Suppressing a giggle as Harry thoughtfully held the door open for her, they both stepped outside as the early March air nipped at their faces. “Bit warm for early spring…” Hermione heard herself saying as they started walking down the path. “Yes it is.” Harry replied. “It’s nice for Quidditch, not warm like back in September.” “It looks like it might rain.” She said, looking up. Dark clouds loomed overhead, they were thickly swollen with rain. “Aye.” A cooler breeze blew at them, and Hermione shivered. “Cold?” he asked. “A little.” Hermione looked up at him. “What was that I said about it being warm?” they both chuckled. “Maybe…this will help.” Harry unhooked her hand and slid his arm around her waist, pulling her against him. “Body heat.” He said, a bit nervously. Hermione suddenly felt hot all over, and she knew it had nothing to do with the temperature of the air. A lump rose in her throat. “Will it be too windy to go flying?” “I don’t think so.” Harry replied, absentmindedly moving his fingers against the fabric of her cloak. It was all Hermione could do to keep from gasping aloud at his touch. They had almost reached the Quidditch field when a bright bolt of lightning flashed across the sky, thunder immediately following. “Now that’s a problem.” Harry said, disappointed. “Lightning.” “Yeah.” Hermione frowned, a bit upset; she’d been looking forward to being on a broom with him again. Both of them stood looking at the clouds, and all of a sudden, the skies opened and rain was pouring down over them like a waterfall. “Run!” Harry shouted, and they both turned back to the castle. As disappointed as she was, Hermione couldn’t help but laugh as they slipped and fell in the wet grass. “We’re already wet, running won’t help us now.” She said. “Good point.” Harry blinked; his glasses were so wet he couldn’t really see through them. “Here.” Hermione reached up and pulled his glasses from his face. Taking her wand from her pocket, she tapped the glasses with it. “Repelius.” She said and the rain began to bounce off the lenses, not allowing them to be wet. “Wow.” Harry said as he slipped them back on. “That’s amazing, how did you know to do that?” Hermione shrugged modestly. “It’s just a simple charm.” She replied, the telltale blush making its appearance on her cheeks. She started walking again, raising her face so the rain could cool it off. “What’s so interesting up there?” Harry asked, coming along side of her, bumping her shoulder with his. “Nothing.” Hermione answered. “I love the rain, sometimes at home I go outside and just walk around during a storm. It’s very calming.” “I suppose so.” Harry replied. “I never tried that.” “I would recommend it, especially if you’re feeling stressed out.” Hermione replied. She shook her hair out; it was going to bush up so badly later, she knew it. ‘Oh well… at least I’m here with Harry now.’ She thought. That thought warmed her from head to toe, spreading a carefree, happy feeling throughout her whole body. Without even realising it, she raised her arms above her head and began to twirl around. Harry stared open-mouthed as Hermione spun around, her hair flying out behind her. He’d never seen anything more gorgeous in his life. “What are you doing?” he asked. “You can’t fully appreciate rain until you’ve twirled.” Hermione answered dreamily, her eyes closed. “Well, guys don’t twirl.” Harry answered. “At least not alone,” he hinted. Hermione stopped and faced him. “Come on then.” She answered, holding her hands out. “What?” Harry asked, pushing his rain soaked bangs from his eyes. “Come on!” she repeated, coming forward and grabbing his hands. “We’ll whirl around together.” Their laughter rang gleefully as Harry and Hermione whirled in lopsided circles across the lawn, drawing nearer to the castle with each turn. Both were soaked to the bone, but had never felt warmer as they fell against one another, breathless and dizzy. Panting, Harry leaned against Hermione. “That was fun.” He said. “Aye it was.” She answered, turning her head to look straight at him. Greedily sucking air into their lungs, their gazes met. Hermione felt her heartbeat quicken as Harry’s eyes turned dark like they had the night before, and she tried not to tremble under the look he was giving her. Harry moved his face closer to hers while sliding his arms around her waist. He rested his forehead on hers; Hermione slid her hands up over his chest. Closing her eyes, she tilted her head back, awaiting the pressure of his lips on hers. He felt like trembling as her hands moved across his torso, and his eyes shut as well as he closed the remaining distance between their lips and sealed his across hers. Hermione gasped in pleasure as Harry’s mouth pressed against hers. She raised herself up on her toes and his right hand swept up her back and into her wet locks, threading them between his fingers. This was not enough for Harry; he wanted to feel more of her. Tentatively and unsure, he touched his tongue to her closed lips. Hermione pressed herself tighter against Harry as she opened her mouth to him, she could taste peppermint, he must have had something before she’d gone to meet him. Running her hand around his neck, she gently stroked the hair at his nape. She was feeling absolutely ecstatic, after three years she was finally getting what she’d been longing for. They kissed hungrily as if their mouths were food, small caresses and slight moans the only sound other than wind, rain, and occasional thunder. Breaking apart moments later, Harry and Hermione were only able to stare at each other. Harry was the first to react; a smile broke hesitantly across his face. Hermione was barely able to breathe as their eyes met and held for what seemed like an eternity. “Come on.” Harry grabbed her hand firmly in his and pulled her up to the castle. “Bit warmer inside I’m sure.” Hermione paid no attention to the temperature, she was still in shock. He had kissed her! She had kissed him! She could still feel the tingle of his lips on hers as they came into the dry main corridor. Harry shut the door behind them, then turned back to Hermione and put his hands on her waist, drawing her close to him once more. This had been the most meaningful kiss of his life to date, and he didn’t want the feelings to go away. “Hermione I….” He began but a loud squeal from behind them rang shrilly through the air. “Harry!” Ginny Weasley propelled herself across the corridor and latched herself onto him. “I’ve been so worried about you!” “What?” Harry looked dumbfounded as Ginny threw her arms about his neck and her legs around his waist. He was forced to let go of Hermione, whose face was twisted in a slight scowl. “Well I went looking for you in the common room and when you weren’t there I checked the kitchens, and the library— why were you outside, it’s pouring! You could get sick!” Ginny laid her head down on Harry’s shoulder. Harry tried to push her away but Ginny was like a leech, he couldn’t pry her off for the life of him. “Shall I leave you two alone?” Hermione asked tightly. “That would be great, thanks.” Ginny said breezily, dismissing Hermione with a flick of her hand. Hermione stared at Harry once more, and when he didn’t say anything she turned sharply on her heel and stalked down the corridor. “Now that we’re alone…” Ginny said, letting her legs drop. “Why did you do that?” Harry finally found his voice as he pushed her away. “Do what?” Ginny asked innocently, toying with her red hair. “Why did you jump on me like that?” Harry was furious. “Well why shouldn’t I?” Ginny asked. “You like me, don’t you?” “Not that way.” Harry answered, flatly and coolly. “But you like HER?” Ginny stabbed a finger in the direction Hermione had disappeared. “Yes. Yes I do.” Harry stepped back and crossed his arms in front of him as if to ward her off. Ginny wrinkled her nose. “Why?” Harry felt his temper rise. “Why? Because she’s a beautiful, smart girl that people have taken advantage of all her life. She treats me like a human being, not like some celebrity because I because I defeated Voldemort, and play Quidditch. That’s why!” Harry was yelling loudly now. Ginny flinched, at Harry’s tone and the name Voldemort as he turned, and without another word to her, went after Hermione. He hoped to catch her before going into the common room and tell her how much kissing her had meant to him, but the hallway leading to the Slytherin Common Room was deserted. “Damn!” Harry pounded his fist against the wall. He would have to find her before breakfast the next morning and explain everything. That thought made him feel better and he began to hum as he walked back to Gryffindor Tower. *** *** *** *** *** Hermione banged on the door to the Head Girl’s room. “Come in!” Blaise called idly. Hermione burst through the door and Blaise’s eyes widened. “What happened to you?” she cried. Hermione’s hair was wet and sticking every which way, her eyes red and puffy like she’d been crying, which Blaise realised quickly that she indeed was. “Harry and I…. went…. raining… kissed.” Hermione managed miserably, hiccupping. “Came back in…Ginny…. arms and legs!” she finished and started crying hard again. “Ohhh….” Blaise came forward and hugged her friend tightly, not caring she was wet and freezing. “Honey, he knows Ginny is a little bitch— and what’s this, you kissed?” “Yeah.” Hermione managed a tiny smile. “Outside, when we were coming back to the castle and it started to rain— you know I get a bit wild sometimes when we have a downpour, and we were spinning around together, and when we were both trying to catch our breath…. it just sort of…. happened.” Hermione paused. “But then, when he pulled me back in the castle, I thought maybe he was going to tell me like likes me too, but then Ginny came along and jumped in his arms, and he didn’t push her away or anything!” “Maybe he wanted to, she’s so clingy he probably couldn’t.” Blaise tried to give Harry the benefit of the doubt. “Maybe he just likes that type of girl and I was wrong.” Hermione replied, then suddenly, her eyes lit up. “Maybe I can be like that!” “Hermione, you’re not like that at all.” Blaise said carefully. “But I can be!” Hermione wiped the last traces of tears from her eyes. “You can give me a makeover!” Blaise’s eyes widened, how long had she been trying to convince her friend to let her do that and here was her chance, yet she felt wrong about it somehow. “I don’t know, Hermione.” Blaise said hesitantly. “I mean, I know I’ve been wanting to do this for you since we were kids, but it seems like you want one for the wrong reason.” “Not if it means I will get Harry.” Hermione replied stubbornly. “All right.” Blaise agreed reluctantly, and Hermione sprang up. “Great! Let’s get started!” “Now? But I have homework to finish and—“ Hermione cut her off. “I’ll do it for you later.” She said, pulling on Blaise’s arm. “Okay, okay.” Blaise said as they entered the bathroom. “You sit there.” She pointed to a chair and then turned to cast a locking charm on the door. “We wouldn’t want Justin coming in here.” “No thanks.” Hermione shed her wet cloak and robe. She brought the chair over to Blaise’s vanity and sat down. “Okay…” Blaise pulled out a variety of things Hermione had never even seen and set them on the counter. She pulled a wide tooth comb from the jumble of appliances. “Since your hair is wet already, that’s a good thing.” She said, working the comb down Hermione’s long locks. “Have you ever seen yourself with straight hair?” “No.” Hermione replied. “It’s always been bushy like this, since I’ve been very young.” “Well, this will be quite a change for you then.” Blaise grabbed a towel and began to squeeze the excess water from Hermione’s hair, and then grabbing another to completely dry the strands. Once she did that, she muttered a quick heating charm on her wand. She could still hold it, but it would help her straighten the bushy locks. Wrapping a thick lock around it, she held it for several minutes, and then let it fall. “How long will this take?” Hermione asked a half hour or so later. “Depends on how much you want me to do.” Blaise replied. “Everything.” Hermione answered, looking up at her friend. “I really need him.” She said quietly. “Herms, everything will work out.” Blaise answered, taking the last lock of hair and winding it around her wand. “I never realised your hair was so long.” She let the last bit go and then grabbed her brush again. “Can I look?” Hermione moved to turn and look at herself (Blaise had turned her away from the mirror) but was stopped. “Not until we’re done.” Blaise said. “Now I realise that we’re just going to have to get your makeup done again in the morning, but I want to do it now so you can see.” “All right.” Hermione tried to remain patient. She had to keep reminding herself that she was doing this for Harry…no more games anymore. Blaise took another hour just with makeup, sometimes taking it all off and starting over again. “Stop fidgeting!” she cried when Hermione started squirming. “I almost got this mascara in your eye!” “Sorry.” Hermione muttered. It was difficult to sit still for so long. “All right.” Blaise finally backed off. “Now, clothes…” “Clothes?” “Yes, if you’re going to make Harry gawk at you, you need to wear something tighter.” Blaise pulled on Hermione’s arm, bringing her back into her bedroom. “Wear this and this.” She pulled a jumper and skirt from her chest. Hermione caught them. “Isn’t this a little short?” she asked, holding the skirt up. “That’s the idea, Hermione.” Blaise answered, grabbing one of her robes as well. “Go and try these on.” Hermione took the clothes and Blaise went back in the bathroom. She left her own white blouse on, and pulled Blaise’s jumper and skirt on. “Goodness, I won’t be able to even sit in this unless I hike it up.” She said to herself. She yanked the robe on over that and resisted the urge to look in the mirror. Hermione was a bit scared; she wasn’t sure what she was going to see. “Come in here!” Blaise called, as if reading her mind. “I don’t want you looking in the mirror until I’m ready for you!” “All right, all right I’m coming!” Hermione said, going into the bathroom. “Do I look ridiculous?” “Herms, really.” Blaise said. “If you looked ridiculous, that would reflect bad on me as well, and I’m not about to let that happen.” She reached out and fixed a few strands of hair. “Are you ready to see yourself?” “YES!” Hermione said, still a bit nervous. Blaise took her by the shoulders and spun her around to face the mirror. She stared in shock at the pretty girl reflected back at her. “Is that me?” she asked, stunned. “That’s you.” Blaise was proud of her work. Hermione went closer to the mirror. Her hair hung down below her chest, and it was straight, curled slightly at the ends. Her eyes had been emphasized by light makeup, her lips looking fuller due to some shiny gloss, her cheeks slightly pinker as well. “I’m not so sure about the clothes though.” She murmured several minutes later, tugging on the bottom of the skirt. “Hermione, I’m telling you…you want Harry to notice you like all the guys do Ginny? You’ve got to have something like this on.” Blaise replied, coming up next to her. “Okay.” Hermione trusted Blaise. “Listen, you can wash off the makeup now, we’ll get up a bit early tomorrow so I can fix it for you again.” Blaise said. “All right.” Hermione went over to the sink. “Thanks Blaise.” “Anytime.” Blaise smiled at her friend. She just hoped that her friend could work everything out. Taking a deep breath, Hermione counted to ten. She was so nervous, looking at herself this way the night before had been fine, but now going in the Great Hall in front of everyone? She was absolutely terrified. “All right, just find Harry, then walk right over to him. That’s all you have to do.” Hermione coached herself, and before she could find a way to stall further, pushed open the doors. She forced a smile on to her face and assumed a confident walk between the tables. Heads turned to look at her, she could even hear a few whispers. “Is that Bookworm Granger?” “What happened to her hair?” “Man she’s hot!” Hermione didn’t turn her face; afraid she might stumble and make a fool of herself. She spotted Harry sitting with Ron Weasley, they were obviously talking bout their win the day before. “Hello Harry.” She said; proud of how smoothly the words flowed. Harry and Ron both looked up. “Hermione?” Harry asked, after staring for a moment. Ron continued to gape openly at her. “May I sit down?” she asked, trying to sound coy. “Er…” Harry looked around for a moment. “I suppose.” “Thanks.” Hermione sat down, making sure to hike up the skirt like Blaise had told her to do. Looking across the table, she smiled at Ron. “Hi, I’m Hermione Granger.” She extended her hand. “Ron Weasley. Pleasure to meet such a lovely lady.” Ron replied, turning her hand and kissing the back. Harry watched the exchange with narrowed eyes, he wasn’t the only one jealous, several girls from Gryffindor were glaring at Hermione as well. ‘Why is she dressed like that?’ he wondered silently as she let out a peal of laughter at Ron’s antics. “You’re funny.” She giggled and Harry had to restrain himself from shaking the both of them violently. He put a hand on Hermione’s arm, trying to keep his eyes from averting to her chest that was so prominently displayed in a too tight jumper. “Can I have a word with you?” he asked, trying to sound pleasant. “Outside, alone?” “Of course.” Hermione got up and Harry gulped as the skirt rode up even further as she stepped over the bench. She latched herself onto his arm and he had to force himself to keep from pushing her away. “Hermione, what’s going on?” he asked as soon as he had shut the doors to the Great Hall behind them. “What do you mean?” she asked, his question flustering her a little. He was supposed to be sweeping her into his arms and kissing her, not asking questions. “This.” He indicated her clothes. “Why are you all dressed up this way? Your hair is straight, and I’ve never seen you wear so much makeup.” “You don’t like it?” Hermione asked before she could stop herself. “Well…it’s not that you don’t look good…” Harry tried to find the right words. “It’s just that…this isn’t you!” Hermione looked away fro a few long moments. “Maybe it is and you just never knew it.” “No!” Harry gripped her shoulders. “The Hermione I know would never act this way.” “Act what way?” she asked, trying to keep from sounding upset. “Like a flirt.” Harry replied. “The way you were with Ron, letting him kiss you, pulling up your skirt…. What’s wrong with how you looked before?” “What’s wrong with that? Maybe I just got sick of people acting as if I’m invisible because I’m not pretty.” Hermione shot back angrily. “Maybe I’m tired of people calling me a bookworm.” “There’s nothing wrong with being a bookworm, that means you’re considered smart, not a tramp!” Hermione’s eyes widened and Harry realised he’d said the wrong thing. “I cannot believe you said that.” Hermione said, her voice shaking. She could feel her insides burning, her eyes filling with tears. “I didn’t mean— “ Harry started to say, but Hermione shoved him aside and streaked down the corridor. She was thankful it was Sunday and she would not have any classes, she wouldn’t have to face Harry anymore that day. A fresh sob rose in her throat as she ran into Blaise’s room (she didn’t feel like facing any of her roommates) and fell on the bed. She was so upset she couldn’t even feel good anymore about kissing Harry the night before. “He called me a tramp!” she muttered, brushing away tears. Hermione sat and cried for a while until she heard Blaise’s footsteps approaching the room. “Hermione?” Blaise asked in shock, hurrying over to her. “What are you doing in here? Why aren’t you with Harry?” Hermione raised her face from her knees, and then stood up. “He called me trampy.” Her face crumpled as Blaise’s mouth dropped open. “He WHAT?” Blaise asked angrily. “Oooh, I think I’m going to have some words with that boy.” For now, however, she reached out and pulled her best friend into a big hug, and rocked her as she cried. *** *** *** *** *** *** Blaise stomped down the corridor, heading towards the main hallway. She had finally gotten Hermione to calm down; the poor girl had cried herself to sleep. Blaise had left her in her bed, and glancing up, had seen Harry heading towards the Quidditch field, broom in hand. At the door, she pulled her cloak around her and went down. “Harry Potter!” she called at the top of her lungs. Blaise saw him look down and then a moment later, descend. “Hi…Blaise right?” he asked. “Right.” She replied coolly. “I need to have a word with you.” “About Hermione.” Harry said. “I know, we had quite an argument this morning.” He pushed his hair back with his hand then rubbed his eyes. Blaise crossed her arms over her chest and narrowed her eyes. “You called her a tramp.” She said simply. “I didn’t mean to.” Harry replied. He stopped in his tracks and faced Blaise. “I just don’t understand why she would want to change how she looks.” “She wanted you to notice her.” Blaise said quietly. Harry looked stunned. “What do you mean, she wanted me to notice her? I’ve noticed her since the day I met her!” he cried. “Well after that little thing you and Ginny had right in front of her last night…” Blaise began but Harry interrupted her. “Ginny!” he dropped his broom and covered his face, running his hands through his hair once again. “Why would she think that I want Ginny? The only reason I even put up with her is because she’s Ron’s sister, and I’ve been friends with him since our first year.” Blaise bit her lower lip, the whole realization of the misunderstanding coming to light. “I was about to tell Hermione that I liked her when Ginny interrupted us.” Harry continued. Blaise was excited to hear that. “You like her?” she asked gleefully. This was great news! A smile appeared on Harry’s face. “Yeah, I really do.” He answered. “That’s why I was so confused when she came down looking all flashy and…” he trailed off thoughtfully. “I’m not into her for her looks, although I do think she’s gorgeous.” He turned to look directly at Blaise. “Hermione is smart, she’s funny, and she surprises me all the time, like on Valentine’s Day with the whole Justin thing.” Blaise chuckled. “That was quite hilarious.” She said. “I’ll never forget how mad he was.” “Me either.” Harry grinned as well. “And last night, when I kissed her, well, I don’t even know how to describe that.” Blaise grinned too, her earlier misgivings about Harry now gone. “Listen, I’m going to go try and find Hermione. I’ll explain everything to her, and you two will be good by this evening.” “You think so?” Harry was cheered up by this information. He wanted badly to work everything out with her, and he also wanted to kiss her again so much he could taste it. “Hermione is pretty reasonable.” Blaise replied, waving as she skipped off in the direction of the castle. Running back up to her bedroom, she pushed open the door. “Hermione!” Blaise sang happily. “I have some great news for you!” she stopped short as she noticed that her bed was empty. “Herms?” she called. Turning, she ran down to the Slytherin Girl’s Dormitory. “Hermione?” she opened the door, but only Parvati Patil was inside. “Have you seen Hermione?” she asked. “Not since breakfast.” Parvati replied. “She looked great— I saw her leaving with Harry Potter, maybe she’s with him.” “Thanks.” Blaise shut the door. Her next place to check was her bathroom, then the regular girls lavatory, but she still couldn’t find her best friend. *** *** *** *** *** *** Hermione splashed water on her face and stared at her reflection. Rubbing her eyes, she washed off all traces of makeup. “Oooh – you look AWFUL!” Moaning Myrtle said with spiteful delight in her voice. “Go away would you?” Hermione snapped. The only reason she’d gone to Myrtle’s bathroom was because it was the only place in the castle she knew Blaise wouldn’t check. “Touchy today aren’t we?” Myrtle sniffed. “If I looked like that, I’d be crying too!” she let out one of her trademark moans and dove into her toilet. “Finally.” Hermione muttered to herself, splashing more water on her face. Watching as the rest of her makeup went down the drain, she sighed while looking at her reflection. “Plain old Hermione.” She said pitifully. “If I can’t get Harry to want me when I look nice, there’s obviously no way he’s going to look at me now.” She brought her fingers back and combed through her hair, she liked it straight, but wouldn’t go through the trouble to do it up every morning. Hermione turned the faucet on again; letting warmer water rush through before pulling her locks around and getting them wet so they’d curl back up. “There, me again.” Hermione looked glumly in the mirror once more at her plain reflection. “Plain old boring me.” “Boring…” Myrtle had obviously come out of her toilet again, and was mocking Hermione from the first stall. Hermione rolled her eyes and decided to leave, she could tuck herself in one of the back corners of the library and not be seen for the rest of the day. *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** Hermione picked at her breakfast, she hadn’t been able to force herself to eat much since the night before. Blaise had tried to talk to her, but Hermione had brushed her off and sat down the table a bit, not wanting to talk to anyone. “Hermione?” a voice broke through her thoughts. She looked up to find Harry standing before her, looking contrite. She said nothing, just gathered her books together and got up to leave. “Hermione, wait, please, I really want to talk to you.” Harry pleaded, moving around her so her path was blocked. “Well maybe I don’t want to talk to you.” Hermione replied coldly. She tried to step to the side when another body blocked her way. “Hi, Hermione.” Ron Weasley grinned at her. “Hello Ron.” She said politely. “Can I talk to you a moment?” he asked. “Sure.” Hermione replied. Ron looked at Harry. “Could you give us a minute?” Harry looked pissed. “I guess.” He stepped away from the two of them, but listened keenly. “I was wondering if you were planning on going to Hogsmeade this weekend.” Ron said, twisting his hands together. “I don’t know.” Hermione shrugged. “I suppose so.” “Well would you possibly be interested in going with me?” Ron asked. Hermione gaped at him. “I beg your pardon?” “Would you want to go with me?” Ron asked again. She looked at him for a long moment. “Is this a joke?” Out of the corner of her eye she could see Harry biting his lower lip, his fist was clenched at his side. “A joke? No, I swear.” Ron said. “I would really like to go with you.” “All right.” Hermione said. “I’d love to.” She said, raising her voice so Harry could hear it. “Great!” Ron looked really happy. “Well…we can figure out where we’re going to meet later this week, okay?” “Sure.” Hermione smiled sincerely for the first time in a few days. Ron walked off and she turned, her eyes meeting Harry’s. He felt like he was going to be sick, Hermione had just agreed to go out with Ron! It should have been him! “I’ve got to go.” He muttered, rushing off before he really did get ill. “I sure hope I’ll have fun today in Hogsmeade.” Ron was saying as he pulled his weekend robes on. “I talked to Hermione yesterday and she said she was looking forward to it.” Harry glared at Ron from the corner of his eye. He was hunched at the foot of his bed, trying to find a clean pair of socks in his trunk. Finding two mismatching ones, he realised he didn’t care and slammed his trunk shut. “What’s the matter with you?” Ron stopped mid sentence and looked at Harry. “Nothing.” Harry muttered shortly. “I’m going to breakfast.” He left the room without looking at anyone and headed down to the Great Hall. “Like I really want to hear you bragging anymore.” He said darkly to himself. Harry sat down and grabbed some toast. He munched on it absentmindedly as his thoughts travelled to Hermione again. He had been thinking about her all week, and had spent countless times trying to get near her in class, but she was like a brick wall, tough and unmoving in her resolve not to talk to him, much less look at him. Looking up now, Harry saw her walking in with Blaise. He bit down hard on his lower lip as he took in the fact that Hermione was obviously ready for her ‘date’ with Ron that day. She wore her hair tied back at the sides and a hint of makeup. Yet underneath it all, Harry could tell she wasn’t truly happy. Harry’s thoughts were interrupted by the loud arrival of the rest of the students; a moment later the platters had filled up down the table and everyone was eating. Hermione picked nervously at her breakfast, she was and she wasn’t looking forward to spending the day with Ron. A slight feeling of guilt had been nagging at her all week long, Hermione knew perfectly well the only reason she’d said yes to Ron was to make Harry jealous. “Hermione, are you sure you really want to go today?” Blaise asked her. Hermione shrugged. “I am, sort of…” “Why don’t you just talk to Harry?” Blaise rested her chin on her hand and leaned forward. “Because Blaise. He really hurt me when he said those things.” “He didn’t mean them, you must know that.” Blaise said. Hermione didn’t reply, instead she just finished off her cereal and stood up. “I’m going to the front doors to meet him. I’ll see you later.” She said coolly. “Hermione, don’t go.” Blaise tried one more time. “Go talk to Harry and spend the day with him instead. “I’ll see you later.” Hermione repeated, ignoring what Blaise said. She left the Great Hall and stood next to the front doors. Blaise watched her leave, a frown appearing across her pretty face. She couldn’t be too angry at Hermione; she was more upset on Harry’s behalf. How could Hermione know she had recently begun to develop quite an attraction to the Gryffindor Quidditch captain when Blaise had never said a word on the topic? She turned and jumped, Harry had come up on her side. “Hi Blaise.” He said. “Hi Harry.” She replied. “So… did Hermione leave already?” Harry asked, hopeful that he could try and catch her one last time. “Just now.” Blaise motioned with her head towards the main hallway. “You should have heard Ron talking about her this morning.” Harry’s lip curled slightly as he folded his arms across his chest. Blaise’s heart sank. “He really likes her?” her voice came out a little high pitched. “Apparently so.” They both looked at each other and Harry’s eyes widened. “You like Ron!” “You’re smarter than I thought you were.” Blaise narrowed her eyes. “And I’ll thank you not to noise that around either.” “Not a word.” Harry grinned then. “Well listen… I don’t know about you but I was just going to go down to Hogsmeade and mope. Want to go with me?” “You’re not asking me to make Hermione jealous are you?” Blaise asked. “No! I swear!” Harry held his hands up. “Just as friends. We can mope together.” Blaise bit back a smile. “All right.” She said. “I need to go back and get my money; I’ll meet you by the front doors in ten minutes.” Once they got down into Hogsmeade, both unconsciously began looking for Hermione and Ron. “They might be in Zonko’s.” Harry pointed in the direction of the joke shop. “Ron’s brothers turned him into a roving prankster over the years and he goes there every time we’re in Hogsmeade.” “Sounds good.” Blaise replied. They got in the store and immediately saw Ron and Hermione leaving through a side door. Harry and Blaise looked at each other, coming to an unspoken agreement to follow their friends. They were heading towards the Three Broomsticks, most likely for a butterbeer. “Do your brothers really own that whole store?” Hermione was referring to Weasley’s Wizard Wheezes in Diagon Alley. Ron had bragged about it while in Zonko’s, he was trying to convince his brothers to expand to Hogsmeade. “I knew of it, but I didn’t know it was owned by someone in your immediate family. “Well they started developing ideas while they were still at Hogwarts; you’d have known all about it if you were in Gryffindor, the two of them were always pulling some prank or another in the common room.” Ron said as they sat down at a corner table together. “Mum wasn’t happy about it at first but they’re doing really well.” Madam Rosmerta came over then, and they both ordered butterbeer. “So Hermione,” Ron leaned back in his chair. “Are any of your friends coming down today?” “Uh… I don’t know.” Hermione didn’t want to admit that she only had two friends, one of which she wasn’t talking to at the moment. “I thought you might be meeting Blaise later or something.” Ron said. “Perhaps, if I run into her.” Hermione replied. “I’m not sure if she was planning on coming down today.” “Do you think she might come here?” Ron sat up straight and took the tankard of butterbeer that Madam Rosmerta set in front of him. “Doesn’t everyone?” Hermione asked, sipping her own butterbeer. “Yeah, I suppose.” Ron said. “What do you two like to do together?” Hermione shrugged. “I don’t know… we often do our homework together, over the summer when I stay with her, anything is game I guess.” “Cool.” Ron sat back again. “Why are you so interested in Blaise?” Hermione asked. “Um…” Ron’s face turned pink. “I’m just… curious.” Hermione regarded him skeptically. “You seem awfully interested in her to be just plain curious.” “Err…” Ron realised too late that he’d dug himself in a hole. “I’ve never been known for my subtlety.” He offered, trying to flash her a grin. Hermione didn’t smile. “It figures.” “What?” Ron at least had the decency to look embarrassed now. “One of the only times I get asked out, and he’s only interested in my best friend.” Hermione muttered miserably. Ron felt terrible now, he figured she had lots of dates, she was certainly cute enough. “Look, I’m sorry.” He reached over and put a hand on hers. “I didn’t ask you out JUST to find out about Blaise.” “Sure you didn’t.” Hermione snorted. He thought she was going to get up and storm out, when all of a sudden she began to laugh, almost hysterically. “What’s so funny?” Ron asked, starting to laugh as well although he didn’t know why. “You… you asked me out… to find out about Blaise…” Hermione’s eyes were watering as she waved her hand in front of her face. “I agreed to go out with you… to make Harry Potter jealous!” “What?” Now it was Ron’s turn to gape. “You’re just trying to make Harry jealous?” “I’m sorry!” Hermione tried to calm down by taking several deep breaths. “But that makes us even doesn’t it?” Ron’s mouth twitched. “It does.” He began to laugh again and so did she. “I don’t get what’s so funny.” Harry whispered to Blaise from across the room where they were hidden behind two menus. “Me either.” Blaise replied, peering over at them. Ron was positively howling, while Hermione was sitting back and clutching her stomach. She looked at Harry. “You don’t think they’re having THAT good a time together do you?” her tone was worried. “I hope not. I hope he’s just said something stupid is all.” Harry said. He bit his lower lip; certainly Ron wasn’t so smooth that he could win her over in just a few hours. “I don’t feel like sitting here anymore. I think I’m going to go back to the castle.” Harry felt like he was going to be violently ill. If he hadn’t known it before, he certainly did now. He was completely in love with Hermione. “I think I’m going to stick around.” Blaise said. “Maybe I can get her to go back; I can try and distract Ron or something.” “Well… good luck.” Harry said, offering her a slight smile. Blaise looked up at him. “Harry, we’ll all work everything out.” She said, touching his arm lightly. “I don’t know what’s going on, but Hermione’s not the type to fall so quickly for another guy.” Harry simply nodded and then left the restaurant. Blaise squared her shoulders, and then shook her reddish gold hair out of the ponytail she’d pulled it back in. Assuming a confident gait, she made her way over to Ron and Hermione. “I didn’t expect to see you two here!” she beamed, acting as if she’d just come into the place. “Mind if I sit down with you? I’m afraid I’m quite bored and could use some company.” “Uh…uh…sure…” Ron stammered. Hermione had to bite back her giggles. “Thanks.” Blaise said, sitting in the chair next to Ron and moving it closer. “I’ve been meaning to tell you what a spectacular win your team pulled last week in the Quidditch match.” She ran her hand along Ron’s arm and he gulped audibly. Hermione caught Blaise’s eye and pressed her lips together in suppressed laughter. For once she didn’t mind taking backseat to Blaise, hopefully this was making Ron’s day. “I think I’m going to go back.” She said. “What?” Ron tore his eyes from Blaise. “Hermione, you don’t have to go.” “No, it’s okay.” Hermione felt good as she stood up. “You two have fun today.” She stood up and so did Blaise. “I’ll be right back, now don’t you go anywhere.” Blaise teased Ron, who turned red to the tips of his ears. “Oh I won’t.” he said immediately. His eyes never left the two girls as they went a short distance from the table. “Hermione, go back up to the castle.” Blaise ordered as soon as they were out of earshot. “What, you take my date and then you order me around?” Hermione put her hands on her hips. Blaise gave Hermione a look. “You don’t seem too upset over it. Besides, there’s someone else heading back that you need to talk to.” “If you mean Harry…” “Yes, I do, and I swear, if you don’t go talk to him I’m going to tell him about the bet.” Blaise threatened. “You wouldn’t dare!” “Maybe, maybe not.” Blaise gave Hermione a superior smile. “But if you go talk to him, you’ll never have to find out.” “Fine.” Hermione said. “Happy?” “Very.” Blaise grinned. “Now if you’ll excuse me, I have a cute little redhead waiting for me back at my table.” “Go easy on him Blaise. This one actually likes you, so don’t break his heart too fast.” “I have no intentions to.” Blaise whipped back around and sailed back to Ron, who looked like he’d just won a lottery. Hermione shook her head and left, jumping into one of the carriages taking students back to Hogwarts. “Hermione?” She turned and blinked disbelievingly. “H – Harry?” A hesitant but happy smile crossed his lips. “I’m glad you’re here.” Hermione swallowed at the sight of that smile, the mere sight of his lips curving upwards was enough to send her into euphoria. “Oh.” Was all she could manage. She turned to see if she could jump from the carriage but it was already moving, the doors locked until they got back to the castle. Hermione was stuck with Harry, whether she liked it or not. “I’ve wanted to talk to you all week long.” Harry was taking his chance, especially since she couldn’t leave the carriage. “That’s nice.” Hermione said as coolly as possible. Being this close to him made her realise how much she had missed his company. “I mean it, Hermione. Seeing you with Ron makes me realise that I don’t like watching you with other guys.” Harry said. “I’m not your girlfriend. I can see whoever I want.” Hermione stared back at him, almost daring him to take on her cold words. Harry sighed. “You’re right, you’re not.” He paused for what seemed like ten minutes, and Hermione thought he wasn’t going to talk anymore at all when he raised his head and then moved over so he was sitting on the seat next to her. “But I know we have feelings for each other.” “I did, but not anymore.” Hermione heard herself say, and she wanted to slap herself for sounding so horrid. “LIAR!” Her mind screamed. “Fine, so I could kiss you and you’d feel nothing then.” Harry leaned forward so his face was closer to hers. “Nothing.” Hermione tried to keep her voice from trembling. “I wouldn’t feel anything.” Harry didn’t respond, not vocally. His desire for her had grown high since she had stepped in the carriage and now his senses were in overload, and he could think of one thing only. Kissing her. He brought his face down so it was a scant inch away from hers, needing badly to feel her soft lips against his. Hermione had no idea how she was able to think clearly when Harry’s mouth was so near, she remembered too well how his lips had pressed on hers just a week before. “Harry?” she said as she felt the carriage come to a lurching stop. “What?” he answered, his eyes half closed in anticipation. “If you want to kiss me, you’ll have to catch me!” Hermione, for once in her life, was graceful as she jumped down from the carriage and took off for the castle. Harry stared open mouthed after her. Was that an invitation, he wasn’t sure what she was trying to imply. Hopping down, he gazed towards the castle in time to see her stop and look straight back at him. She did want him to chase her! Harry took off running and grinned as he heard her give off a shriek and charge into the castle. Hermione ducked behind a suit of armour, waiting for Harry to go past. She wasn’t exactly sure what she was hoping to accomplish by playing this, but it was more fun than she’d had in a week. Harry’s eyes darted around the hallway, Hermione couldn’t have gone far, he’d still see her if she was heading to her common room. Hermione covered her mouth as she watched Harry look around the corridor for her. It was hard not to laugh as he spun every which way, trying to see where she was. A small giggle escaped her throat and Harry whipped around, looking straight at her hiding place. “Aha!” he shouted and Hermione screamed and darted from behind the armour, Harry hot on her trail. They ran a path that led them through the Transfigurations corridor, by the library, past the kitchens, and near the Great Hall. Harry had not counted on Hermione being such a fast runner, and he was almost out of breath when he felt his body put on a burst of speed, and he grabbed her by the arm. “Ahhh!” Hermione shrieked, losing her balance as Harry pulled on her wrist. She fell forward, Harry toppling over her. “Ow!” he yelped, his body landing heavily on her. “Uhhh Harry Potter you weigh a ton!” Hermione groaned. He felt bad and immediately rolled off her. “Sorry!” he apologised. They sat up and stared at one another for a long moment, and Harry reached out and grabbed her wrist again. “So… I caught you.” “You caught me.” Hermione answered softly. “What are you going to do with me?” her eyes betrayed her nervousness. Harry didn’t answer, just leaned forward and gently pressed his lips against hers. It was a gentle kiss, not necessarily full of passion but full of what Harry and Hermione felt for one another. He pulled back, not far, just enough so that their lips weren’t touching and opened his eyes. She had just opened hers as well; they had that sweet and dazed look in them, like she’d had when Harry had kissed her the first time in the rain. “Come on.” Harry moved his hand down and took hers. “Let’s go outside and talk.” He laced their fingers together and pulled Hermione to her feet. They silently went down to the main corridor and were outside seconds later, the warm spring breeze caressing their faces. Walking across the grounds, closer to the lake, Harry came to the realisation that he wasn’t sure where to begin. “I thought you wanted to talk.” Hermione looked at him from the corner of her eye. “I do.” Harry stopped in his tracks and turned to her. “But first, I really, really want to—” his last words were cut off because he had bent down and kissed her again. The kiss was anything but chaste this time, Harry immediately wrapped his arms around her waist, bringing her body tight against his. Hermione let out a surprised squeal, which then turned into a delighted purr deep in her throat that made Harry groan and press harder against her mouth. He gently touched his tongue to her closed lips and was rewarded immediately; she kissed him back as passionately as she could, sliding her arms up and around his neck. Harry moved one hand up and down her back, threading his fingers through her soft locks. Hermione curved her body against him, sliding her nails through the hair at his nape. He shuddered and regretfully pulled his mouth away. Both sucked air into their lungs; Harry leaned forward and rested his forehead against hers, closing his eyes again. “Who said you can just go and kiss me like that?” Hermione asked, her eyes closed as well. “Me.” Harry answered, grinning impishly. He bent down again and lightly kissed her again, letting his lips linger on hers for a moment or two. “I’ve wanted to do that for a few weeks.” “I’ve wanted to do that for a few years.” Hermione replied absently. Harry’s eyes opened wide and Hermione slapped a hand over her mouth, backing away from Harry. “What?” he asked. “What did you say?” “Noth… nothing.” Hermione backed away even further, and then turned so that she was facing away from Harry. Hot tears stung her eyes, why had she said that, why? “Hermione, you’ve… had a crush on me for a few years?” Harry stepped up behind her and put his hand on her shoulder. ‘I uh…” Hermione brushed away at a few stray tears. “You probably think I’m stupid for saying that.” Harry turned her around and lifted her chin so that their eyes met. “I only wish you had said something sooner. We could have gotten to know each other ages ago.” “Really?” Hermione’s voice was small as she sniffed back her remaining tears. "And I'd have fallen in love with you much sooner." Harry said softly, his green eyes piercing into her. Hermione’s mouth dropped open. Harry? In love with her? The world began to spin around her and Harry caught her. “You love me?” she managed weakly, fresh tears springing to her eyes. “Really?” “Yeah.” Harry grinned down at her. “I do.” He laughed as Hermione threw her arms around his neck and began to sob into his shoulder. “What’s all this about?” he asked moments later as she pulled away and wiped at her eyes. “I’d have thought you’d be happy.” Harry teased. “I am.” Hermione sniffed. “I just… I’ve wanted to hear that for a long time.” Harry gently used his thumb to wipe away any remaining tears, and then kissed her softly. “Get used to hearing it, because I’m going to be saying that for a very, very long time.” He pulled Hermione against him again, her arms wrapping tightly around his neck. “I love you too.” He heard her say, and upon hearing that, Harry swung her around, delighting in her happy squeal. They walked all over the grounds that day, hands clasped tightly together, stopping every so often… well really, more like every few minutes, to kiss. Between snogs, Harry and Hermione managed to carry on a conversation about anything and everything. “When did you start liking me?” Harry asked as they walked past Hagrid’s hut. “Back in our fourth year,” Hermione was no longer bashful. “It might seem silly to you, but it meant a lot to me.” “What was it?” Harry was curious as he racked his brain trying to think of something he did with her in fourth year. “Well… do you remember that time, right around the beginning of the year, that group of Hufflepuffs who went around causing trouble came up to me in the corridor after breakfast and ripped my bag?” Harry bit his lower lip as he tried to remember. “And they smashed your ink bottles and broke all your quills…” he said slowly. “Yes!” Hermione said. “And then, you helped me pick everything up…” “And I gave you my eagle feather quill to replace the broken ones.” Harry finished. “I can’t believe I forgot about that!” “It meant a lot to me, especially since Blaise wasn’t there to help me.” Hermione replied. “I still have that quill too.” “Do you really?” Harry asked, chuckling. He wrapped his arms around her shoulders and hugged her tightly to him. “My turn.” Hermione giggled. “Let’s see….” She stopped in her tracks and turned to face him. “Why me?” “What?” Harry asked. “Why did you decide on me?” Hermione asked. “What makes me so special?” Harry gazed down at her, lifting one hand to softly caress her cheek. “Because, Hermione. You’re smart, funny, and I think you’re gorgeous. You’re one of the only people that likes me for me. All those other girls want me because of my fame. You don’t treat me like a celebrity.” A small smile quirked at the corners of her mouth, “You’re just plain old Harry.” Hermione teased. “Surely an avid reader such as yourself could come up with some better words than that.” Harry teased, wrapping his arms around her middle. “Magnificent, handsome, dashing…” “I still like plain old Harry Potter.” Hermione grinned. “Plain.” Harry gave her an evil but at the same time charming grin. “You’d better RUN, Granger!” Hermione let out a scream and took off running, Harry hot on her heels. Their chase was reminiscent of the one earlier, except that he now knew just how fast she could run and was able to catch her within just a few minutes. “Plain!” he was merciless as he tickled her sides. Hermione shouted in laughter. “Stop!” she cried. “Please! You’re not plain!” “What am I then?” he asked playfully, easing up a bit on his attack. Hermione took in great gulps of air. “You’re… you’re…” “I’m what?” Harry held up his hand threateningly. “You’re… indescribable.” Hermione said desperately. Harry fought down a wide grin. “That was good, Granger.” He leaned over, letting his mouth hover near hers. Hermione felt her breath quicken as she saw Harry’s eyes darken. She tilted her head up and their lips met in a fiery, unbreakable kiss. Harry pushed her down so that she lay on her back on the ground, and he leaned over her, one hand tangling itself into her thick hair, the other gently cupping the side of her face. Hermione responded happily and eagerly, delving her tongue into his mouth. He gave a sort of strangled moan, and in a rather bold move, ran his hand down the side of her body, aching to feel her curves in his palm. She gave a slight gasp into his mouth, the feeling of his hand at first a shock, but she gave in almost immediately, his touch something she had craved for a long time. Harry’s fingers came up under her shirt and touched her skin; Hermione was brought back to a dream of so long ago, where his touch had felt like silk. Harry’s lips left hers and began to move down her neck, he suckled her skin lightly, not wanting to leave marks on her. Hermione fisted her hand in his hair, letting her head fall back, making her neck more accessible to him. His hand moved from her waist to lightly cup her breast. Harry’s palm was still under her shirt, he very nearly lost it when his fingers brushed against the lacy fabric of her bra. “Hermione…” Harry breathlessly pulled his mouth from hers. “We should stop…” She sat up, pulling down her shirt while the familiar blush made its way across her cheeks. “I’m sorry.” Hermione murmured. “No.” Harry touched her cheek. “I just… I think if we keep going, we’ll do something that we’re not ready for quite yet.” Hermione nodded, and looked up at him with a shy smile. “Okay.” He stood up and then reached down, taking her hand securely in his. “Want to head back? I’m sure everyone’s gotten back from Hogsmeade by now.” He said as they began a leisurely walk to the castle. Hermione felt a surge of dйjа vu when Harry opened the doors for her; this felt just like the previous week, they were only missing the rain. Harry must have been thinking along the same lines, for her curved his arm around her waist. “Are you hungry, want to head over to the Great Hall?” He asked. “Sure.” Hermione answered, leaning into him. Harry pressed his lips briefly to her temple and moved his hand down so that it gripped hers tightly. “Do you hear that?” Harry asked, as they were nearing the Great Hall. Hermione cocked her head to the side and listened intently. “Hear what?” she asked. “It sounded like…that!” Harry exclaimed, pointing towards an almost hidden door. “Whatever it was came from in there.” “Harry there are tons of things that could make noises, especially here at Hogwarts.” Hermione said reasonably. A shuffling sound and a giggle met her ears. “I know that laugh!” she charged over to the closet, Harry trailing behind her. Harry put a hand on the knob, and then in one swift move, jerked it open. “Blaise!” Hermione gasped. Her best friend sat on the floor of the tiny closet, locked in quite a passionate clinch with Ron Weasley. Harry gaped down at them as well, and then slammed the door shut. “Well…” Harry looked at Hermione with wide eyes. “That was… that was….” Hermione bit down on her lower lip, looking from Harry to the door. “That was really funny!” she said, unable to keep the giggles from bursting out. Harry started to laugh. “Aye that was.” Their eyes met and both laughed even harder. “Come on.” He took her hand once more as the closet fell further and further behind them. As they neared the Great Hall, Harry took both her hands in his and pushed her up against the wall. “Just one more before dinner.” He grinned and she found herself unable to resist, yet again. Harry gently pressed his lips to hers, leaving the kiss soft and somewhat innocent due to the fact that students were now starting to shuffle past them. “Well look at the two of you!” Blaise was walking up, hand in hand with Ron. She was unable to hide how pleased she was. “Who’d have thought Hermione would be making out in public?” she announced loudly. “Shut up Blaise.” Hermione broke the kiss and turned to glare at her best friend. Blaise grinned saucily at her while Ron could only stand there and look at his good fortune. “Come on, let’s go eat.” She said. “We’ll be in there in a moment.” Harry said, grinning and waving them past. “Right, right.” Blaise joked and pulled on Ron’s hand. “Come on love, I’m hungry.” She said. Harry and Hermione watched them go in, and then he turned back to her. “What are you doing tonight?” he asked. “I hope I’ll be off somewhere with a certain green eyed guy.” Hermione teased. Harry grinned again. “Does he have black hair and play Quidditch?” he asked jokingly. “Maybe.” A playful smirk tugged at her mouth. “In that case, could I possibly tempt you away on a date?” Harry asked softly. “You very possibly could.” Hermione answered as he rested his forehead on hers. Harry chuckled. “How about eight, I’ll meet you in front of your common room?” “That’s fine.” Hermione felt the growing excitement inside her. “Great!” Harry was excited too. “Don’t eat too much then.” He said quietly in her ear. “I’ll see you then.” He grinned and dashed off down the hall. “What?” Hermione was confused. “What about dinner?” Hermione touched a bit of gloss to her lips and grinned, she hoped it would wear off within the first hour of her evening with Harry. “I SWEAR I have the perfect skirt in here somewhere!” Blaise was throwing things from her closet in search of a knee length navy blue skirt that she deemed perfect for Hermione to wear. “If you can’t find it, don’t worry.” Hermione replied. “Nonsense. It’s your first date with Harry and you’ve got to look perfect.” Blaise waved her off and continued searching. Hermione simply rolled her eyes good naturedly, she was in too happy a mood to let anything spoil it or bother her. She turned back to the mirror, messing around with Blaise’s many cosmetics. Her friend had wanted to her makeup, but Hermione insisted on doing it herself, and could Blaise possibly pick out something for her to wear? That statement was what had gotten them in this current situation. “AHA!” Blaise crowed several minutes later. She pulled the skirt from a jumble of clothes. “Do you have a white tank top?” “I think so.” Hermione replied. “Won’t that be cold though?” “Well there’s a matching jumper.” Blaise reached back and grabbed it. “Go get dressed, and then I’ll fix your hair for you.” Hermione took the clothing and went into the bathroom. She took off her day clothes and stepped into Blaise’s skirt. “Can you get my tank top for me?” “Sure.” Blaise opened the door a crack and tossed the shirt at her. Hermione pulled it over her head, and then buttoned up the jumper. “How do I look?” Hermione stepped from the bathroom. “No.” Blaise shook her head. “Herms, don’t button that up all the way you’re not a nun.” She came forward and pulled at the buttons, only leaving the one across her chest done. “Much better.” Hermione didn’t argue, only sat down in the chair. Blaise began her usual routine of tugging through her long tresses. “Want me to straighten it for you tonight?” “What if he doesn’t like it that way?” Hermione asked. “I mean, last time…” “It’ll be easier for him to run his fingers through.” Blaise said slyly. “Blaise!” “What?” Blaise looked innocent. “It’s true!” “All right.” Hermione relented; she supposed Blaise had a point. Blaise repeated the same steps she had the night she gave Hermione the makeover. Within a few minutes, her hair was a mass of loose waves, flowing down her back. “Leave it down.” Blaise advised. “It looks really good with the waves.” “Okay.” Hermione glanced at her watch. “It’s almost eight!” she cried, jumping up from the chair like it was on fire. “Relax.” Blaise placed both her hands on Hermione’s shoulders. “I’m nervous.” Hermione said, trying to steady her breathing. “Herms, you’ve already snogged; you don’t have to worry about that!” Blaise said. “You know how he feels about you, you know that you’re going to have fun, and you know you’re going to get kissed senseless at the end of the night.” “I know.” Hermione bit her lower lip and turned away. “But… I’m just scared, and excited…” “You’re going to have the best time ever tonight.” Blaise said firmly. “Now get out!” Hermione grabbed her cloak (the nights were still rather cool) and settled it neatly on her shoulders. “Wish me luck.” She said. “You don’t need it.” Blaise replied. “But good luck, have fun and don’t do anything I wouldn’t do.” “Well that’s nothing, because you do everything!” Hermione responded dryly, and then ducked out of the room with a giggle when Blaise threw a hairbrush at her. She stepped out the door to her common room, expecting to see Harry but there was no one there yet. Hermione leaned against the wall, nervously running her hand through her long hair. ‘He’s not coming… he’s forgotten it was eight… did he say my common room or his…’ she was so absorbed in her thoughts she didn’t notice someone approaching her. “Are you Hermione?” She recognized Alyssa, the 5th year Gryffindor Quidditch announcer. “Yes…” Hermione tried to keep her voice from trembling. Had Harry sent this girl to cancel with her? “This is from Harry.” Alyssa thrust a note at her, blushing a bit. He was quite charming, it hadn’t taken him long to convince her to be a messenger. “Oh… thank you.” Hermione managed a smile as Alyssa skipped away. She unfolded the parchment with trembling fingers. You'll see me from the common room Under the stars, beneath the moon It's not that far--come outside Perhaps you'd like another ride? A large grin blossomed over her face as she read. “Definitely the locker rooms.” She said to herself, rushing down the hallway, her fears staying behind. Practically flying out the castle, she hastened down to the Quidditch pitch. “Harry?” she called out quietly. There was no answer, no sound, not even a shuffling of feet. “Harry are you here?” Harry grinned as he noiselessly sneaked up behind her. Placing his hands over her shoulders, he clamped down on her, making her scream. “Harry!” she gasped, clutching at him. “Why did you do that you scared the hell out of me!” “Sorry.” He was grinning impishly, making it impossible for Hermione to be angry at him. “I didn’t mean to.” “Sure you didn’t.” she relaxed and smiled back. “So what’s with the note?” “I wanted to surprise you.” Harry said. He held up a long piece of cloth in his hand. “Blindfold!” “Err…” Hermione couldn’t manage the words on her tongue as he slipped behind her and tied it on. “Okay.” Harry came back around and took her hand firmly in his, lacing their fingers together. Leaning in, he gave in to temptation and kissed her gently, leaving his lips on hers longer than he had planned. They were so soft and she tasted like strawberries. “You didn’t eat a lot at dinner did you?” Harry murmured in her ear as he guided her outside and over to his broom. “No, you told me not to.” Hermione replied. “Why, where are you taking me?” “You’ll see.” Harry settled her on and then got behind her. “It’s a surprise.” They rose up in the air, with Harry holding onto Hermione’s waist tightly. He turned them towards the mountains surrounding Hogwarts. Hermione felt her breath quicken as Harry started to descend. She was so curious to know where he was taking her that she almost stumbled as he helped her off the broom. “Ready to find out where we are?” he asked teasingly, moving his hands up to untie the blindfold. “Yes!” she exclaimed, fighting a giggle. He gently pulled it off and Hermione gasped. They were in a small clearing, completely surrounded by trees. A burgundy coloured blanket was spread in the middle, with at least a dozen candles floating around it. On the blanket rested two goblets, a bottle off to the side, and two gold plates. “Do you like it?” Harry asked, a bit nervously. He hoped she wouldn’t think he had gone overboard. “You did this all for me?” she seemed unable to grasp it. Harry smiled down at her, taking her hand again. “Well, for me too…” he kidded, trying to put her at ease. It worked, and Hermione started to giggle. “Come on, let’s sit down.” Harry took her hand and they went over to the blanket. Hermione nervously sat down, trying to pull her skirt back over her knees. Harry stood over her, his hand still extended. “What?” she asked, confused. “Your cloak.” Harry replied. “Oh, right.” Hermione stood back up and tugged at the strings. Harry reached over and removed it from her shoulders, carefully draping it over his arm on top of his own, setting them down on a boulder. Turning back to her, he took a moment and admired the way she stood, looking around the clearing, the way the clothes she wore hung on her lovely figure just perfectly, how her hair shone in the deep moonlight. Harry stepped behind her, winding his arms around her waist. “Have I told you how gorgeous you look tonight?” he asked, his voice low. Hermione smiled shyly. “Not yet.” She answered, turning so that their eyes met. “You look really nice too.” Harry was wearing dark trousers, Hermione couldn’t tell in the dark whether they were black or dark blue, and a lighter blue jumper. “Thanks.” Harry turned her around so that she was facing him. Their eyes remained firmly affixed to one another’s for what felt to Hermione like an hour. “I like your hair like this.” Harry broke the silence and moved his hand up and threaded his fingers through her tresses. “Oh.” Hermione felt self conscious once more. “I wasn’t sure if you would… last time I straightened it…” “I like it either way.” Harry broke in, rubbing a lock between his index finger and thumb. “I like you this way.” “What do you mean?” Hermione was confused. “You. Acting like you.” Harry said. “I didn’t fall in love with your looks, just you. That day you came into the Great Hall all dressed up…” “I just want to forget about that.” Hermione interrupted. “Besides, we’ve worked everything out now; I would much rather concentrate on that.” “Right.” Harry grinned, pulling her in close. “Me too.” Discussion they could save for later, right now there were other things Harry wanted to do. Hermione smiled back up at him, moving her hands from Harry’s back to his chest. “Good.” She sighed softly, raising herself up. She needed to feel his mouth against hers. She got her wish a second later when Harry slightly lowered his head so that their lips brushed. It wasn’t good enough for her; she wound her hand around his neck, keeping his mouth against hers. He was pleasantly surprised by this, deepening the kiss immediately. His hands fisted in her hair, bringing her body tightly against him. Harry explored her mouth gently, his knees resisting the urge to crumble as she ran her nails through his hair. The two would have gone further, except for the sudden and quite loud grumbling that came from Hermione’s stomach. They both looked down, Hermione’s face turning a deep shade of red while Harry started laughing. “Hungry?” he teased. “You told me not to eat a lot at dinner!” Hermione cried in defense. “So I didn’t!” “Aye, I did tell you that didn’t I.” Harry grinned, trying to reign in his laughter. “Yes you did!” Hermione pushed against his shoulder. “So stop laughing at me!” “All right.” Harry bit his lower lip, but the corners of his mouth curled up. Hermione didn’t see this, however, as they sat down. The two plates were set up side by side, the goblets in front, and the bottle between them. “Is that champagne?” Hermione asked, slightly impressed and at the same time, a bit scared. She and Blaise, during the previous summer holiday, had discovered a bottle of Muggle champagne in Blaise’s parents cabinet. They had stolen it and drank it, and Hermione was quite sure she had never felt as horrible as she had the next morning. “Well…” Harry picked up the bottle and showed her the label. “It’s actually just Knobble’s pumpkin juice.” “Oh.” Hermione was relieved. Harry poured them both some and held one of the goblets out to her. “Shall we toast?” he asked, taking his own. “Sure.” Hermione smiled up at him as she raised her glass. “To…” “How about our first date?” Harry asked. “One of many.” Hermione agreed, clinking her glass against his. If it was possible, Harry’s eyes warmed over even further than they already were. “To the first of many…” he echoed softly as they both took a long sip. “That’s excellent.” Hermione said, setting her goblet down. “I’ve never had such good pumpkin juice before.” “I got it off Neville Longbottom.” Harry said. “His Gran sends him some about twice a month, and he usually pawns it off to one of us. Best brand there is.” “It’s delicious.” Hermione said, taking another sip. She looked down at the two empty plates. “So where’s dinner?” Harry grinned. “It should be appearing any second now.” “Good, I’m starved.” Hermione said. “I couldn’t tell.” Harry smirked. Hermione was about to reply when a sudden soft POP was heard and the two plates were suddenly filled with food. “How did you arrange all this?” she asked as she dug in eagerly. “I know one of the house elves really well.” Harry replied with his mouth full. “I go to the kitchens all the time for extra food.” “That must be nice.” Hermione said. They ate in silence for a few moments, when Harry spoke again. “So what do you think of Ron and Blaise?” Hermione almost choked on her turkey. “I still can’t believe we walked in on them snogging.” Harry laughed loudly. “That was classic. I can’t wait to bug Ron about it later.” “Well I’m sure I’ll be hearing all about it from Blaise.” Hermione replied, setting her fork down on her empty plate. “Ahhh, much better.” “No more growling.” Harry wagged a finger at her. “I don’t want to hear your stomach anymore!” he teased. “Harry!” Hermione exclaimed as she looked over at him. “Stop!” “What are you going to do if I don’t?” Harry flirted, turning to face her, a grin appearing on his face. Hermione’s breath caught in her throat as he leaned down. “I’ll make you.” “How?” he asked softly, his lips curving up further. Hermione’s mind was racing. ‘What does he want me to do?’ she asked herself desperately. She was not used to games, not used to flirting this way. “I uh…” she stammered, suddenly scared she wasn’t going to do the right thing. “I don’t know.” “Sure you do.” Harry replied, his eyes taking on that glow, the one that always made her feel like she was falling under a spell. “I do?” Hermione asked weakly. Harry looked down at her, their faces so close now they could feel each other’s breath. He brought up a hand and gently caressed her cheek. “Hermione, love....” he said, and she nearly passed out. “Why so nervous?” “I don’t know.” She replied softly. Her eyes moved to his lips, which were slightly parted, and ready to be kissed. Before she could lose any amount of courage she had left, Hermione tilted her face up and pressed her mouth to his. Harry grinned against her lips, his eyes closing as he kissed her back. His thumb rubbed lightly across her cheek, his other hand unable to keep from running through her locks. Hermione, pleased with herself, tried to deepen the kiss. She tentatively touched her tongue to Harry’s lips, which parted immediately, allowing her inside. Harry let out a groan, then eased Hermione back so that she was lying down on the blanket. He was gentle, careful not to push her too much, or make her feel like he wanted to go faster than she was ready for. Hermione’s arms came up around his neck, bringing him down on top of her. She understood that Harry was taking things slow for her benefit, and she appreciated it, but Hermione didn’t want to take things slow anymore. Moving her hand from his hair, she took his fingers and brought them down to the hem of her jumper. Harry nearly gasped in surprise as she did this, but was pleased at the same time. He brought his hand up and over the top of the jumper, moving gently to the button that held it closed. Effortlessly snapping it open, he began to slowly peel it off. Hermione’s breath came faster as she felt the jumper being pulled back. She sat up, trying not to break the kiss, and helped Harry push the bothersome piece of clothing over her arms. Harry pulled his mouth from hers and tugged up on his own jumper. Hermione felt her breath catch in her throat as he tossed it aside. She swallowed nervously, was she supposed to take off her tank top as well? “You don’t have to.” Harry said, as if reading her mind. “If you feel uncomfortable…” “No… it’s not that I’m uncomfortable…” Hermione was ashamed of being so inexperienced. “I just…I’m not sure what to do.” Her face grew red with her confession. Harry smiled. “It’s all right. You don’t have to be embarrassed.” He sat back down next to her and gently ran his fingers through her hair. “We’ll do whatever you feel like doing.” “Thanks.” Hermione was relieved, her nerves immediately evaporating. Harry’s fingers continued to run through her locks; he leaned in and gently pressed his lips against hers once more. Hermione responded, bringing up her hand to rest on his shoulder. Opening her mouth when his tongue touched her lips, she moved her hand down across his chest. Harry took a sharp intake of breath when he felt her hand travel across his torso. Her touch was as light as a feather as he pressed harder against her mouth. He took his fingers from her hair and traced them lightly up and down her bare arm. Pulling his mouth away from hers, he gently kissed her neck, working his way down to the hollow of her throat. Hermione felt her heartbeat quicken as Harry kissed her. She tilted her head back, making her neck more accessible to him. Falling back once again on the blanket, Hermione curved her arms around Harry and let her hands wander about his back as he continued to kiss her. She tasted sweet to Harry, he couldn’t put a finger on what it was, but all he could think of was sweet. He suckled lightly on her skin, not wanting to leave marks on her. Moving his mouth down, he kissed a spot low on her neck, and felt his body tighten as she jerked underneath him. “Oh!” Hermione couldn’t help exclaiming as a thrill shot straight through her. He had kissed her in that one spot, that ONE spot… she herself hadn’t even known that such a spot existed on her body, that would make her feel that way. Harry brought his lips down again, touching the spot lightly, and was rewarded when her body literally jerked under his. He felt himself tighten at the way she reacted to him and pulled his mouth away. Harry brushed a lock of hair from her forehead as he gazed down at her. Hermione opened her eyes and stared back at him. “Like that, did you love?” he asked, stroking her hair gently. Hermione could only nod softly. A strong wave of desire washed over her as she looked into his eyes, and before she really realised what she was doing, guided his hand down underneath her shirt. Harry looked down at where his hand was now, and then back up at her. She nodded again. “Please.” Her voice was so soft he wasn’t sure at first if Hermione had spoken, but then she started to move his hand up, taking her top with it. Somehow, he managed to lift it over her head without making her sit up, and he dropped the shirt on his jumper. Looking back down at her, Harry slowly drew his eyes from her stomach up to her face, where he could still see apprehension in her eyes. “You’re gorgeous.” He said, his low voice soothing to her. His fingers cupped the side of her face, his thumb stroking across her cheek. Without waiting to respond, he dipped his head and kissed her, delving his tongue into her mouth almost immediately. His hand was hot on her bare skin; he moved it slowly up and down her side. Hermione felt herself relax as Harry’s fingers brushed against her. She took her hands and buried them in his hair, letting the dark strands slip through her fingers. ‘Why am I being so tentative?’ she asked herself. ‘I want this, I want him! I love Harry and he loves me too!’ Stroking her tongue against his, Hermione kissed him back so fiercely she knew her lips would be bruised come morning, but she could care less. Pulling her mouth from his, it was her turn to taste his skin, suckling lightly; she imitated what he had done earlier. Harry could tell she was loosening up, and he was glad for that. If it hadn’t gone any further than kissing with all their clothes on, he’d have been fine with that, but this was more than he had hoped for tonight. His heart beat faster as her mouth continued to move over his bare chest, her tongue occasionally sneaking out and flicking against his skin. “Hermione…” he choked out. “Do you know what you’re doing to me?” She raised her head and looked at him. “Not sure what to do?” he grinned, sitting up and wrapping his arms around her. “Well… I haven’t had much experience.” Hermione started to say but Harry kissed her firmly. “No more talk.” He said, hugging her. “I just want to sit and hold you for a little while.” “I won’t argue with that.” Hermione said. She moved so that she was sitting in his lap, with his arms wrapped around her middle. Leaning her head back against his shoulder, she let out a contented sigh. They sat together for some time in silence, fingers entwined, just enjoying each other. “Can we stay here all night?” Hermione asked, a bit wistfully. Harry made a sound deep in his throat. “I wish we could. Part of the agreement I made with Dumbledore was that I’d have you back before morning.” “You had to make an agreement with Dumbledore?” Hermione twisted to look up at him. “Well there wasn’t anywhere on the grounds that would give us any sort of privacy. Besides, I like this place. Sometimes on Hogsmeade days I would sneak up here to be alone.” Harry replied. “I’ve never taken anyone else here.” Hermione was touched by this remark; she smiled and kissed him quickly. He had shared his private place with her; she wanted to show him how much that meant to her. “Thank you.” She said quietly. “I’m glad you trust me.” Harry grinned down at her and pulled her more tightly against him. “Can we stay up here just a little while longer?” Feeling him nod, she relaxed once more in his embrace. Hermione closed her eyes and was nearly asleep when a thought sprang in her mind, a thought that made her blood run cold. The bet. Hermione stayed quiet, torn on whether or not to confess her secret. After a few minutes, she felt Harry start to get up. “Almost midnight.” He didn’t sound enthused. “Suppose we should get on back.” “All right.” Hermione agreed. As they both pulled their clothing back on, she began to feel horribly guilty. Harry had all but said outright that he hated girls who threw themselves at him, and here she had gone and made a bet that she could seduce him. He came up behind her and settled her cloak on her shoulders with one hand, his Firebolt in the other. Harry looked down at her as she perched on the broom in front of him, she seemed upset about something but he chalked it up to having to leave. “We’ll come back here.” He said softly in her ear as he pulled up on the broom. “It’ll be our spot from now on.” Hermione almost melted on the spot as he said that. She found his hand on the broomstick and squeezed it. ‘I have to tell him. He obviously trusts me and I want to keep it that way. I’ll tell him when we get back to the castle.’ For now, Hermione only wanted to think about being with Harry, having his arm wrapped around her. Harry landed the broom down by the front doors. Taking her hand in his, he helped her off, swinging his Firebolt over his shoulder. The castle was eerily silent, Hermione reasoned even Filch must be in bed by now, it was so late. “So I’ll see you tomorrow?” Harry asked as they approached the Slytherin Common Room. “Of course.” Hermione turned and looked up at him. He set his broomstick against the wall and wrapped his arms around her waist. “I had a good time tonight Harry.” “I did too.” He replied. They stood there together for a long moment in silence, and then Harry leaned down and kissed her softly. “I guess I’d better get back to my dormitory.” “Should we meet outside the Great Hall before breakfast?” Hermione asked. “I can meet you here.” Harry said, and then grinned. “I’m sure Ron will want to meet Blaise.” They both laughed and kissed again. “See you later.” “Bye.” Hermione said softly. Harry pulled his hand from hers and began to walk away. ‘Tell him!!!’ her mind screamed. ‘Tell him!’ “Harry?” she said before she could stop herself. “Yeah?” he asked, turning back around. “I… need to tell you something.” Hermione twisted her hands together. “What?” Harry asked curiously. She had that scared, nervous look about her again, one that made a lump appear in his throat. “I um…” Hermione bit her lower lip. “I’m not sure how to say this without it sounding completely horrible…” “Just tell me.” Harry’s voice was soft. “Well…this was back in January, before we got to know one another. Blaise and I were talking one night…and we made a bet.” “A bet?” Harry asked. “What sort of bet?” Hermione swallowed nervously. “A bet… that I could seduce you before the end of the term.” 7455 2005-12-27T17:43:12Z 83.36.113.76 dot MediaWiki:Imagelistforuser 2108 sysop 7459 2006-01-01T13:40:12Z MediaWiki default This shows only images uploaded by $1. MediaWiki:Istemplate 2109 sysop 7460 2006-01-01T13:40:12Z MediaWiki default inclusion Marie-Antoinette Makayuba 2114 7476 2006-01-03T17:09:29Z Bombo 12 '''Marie-Antoinette Makayuba''' azali [[bourgemestre]] ya [[Bandalungwa]]. Bonakiye na mokoloya [[8 yuli]] [[2005]] na [[Joseph Kabila]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Moto wa politiki ya Kisásá]] [[category:Kisásá]] 8700 2006-07-01T20:24:04Z Bombo 12 typo '''Marie-Antoinette Makayuba''' azali [[bourgemestre]] ya [[Bandalungwa]]. Bonakiye na mokoloya [[8 yuli]] [[2005]] na [[Joseph Kabila]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Moto wa politiki ya Kinsásá]] [[category:Kinsásá]] 8917 2006-07-17T15:02:09Z Moyogo 11 '''Marie-Antoinette {{smcp|Makayuba}}''' azali [[bourgemestre]] ya [[Bandalungwa]]. Bonakiye na mokoloya [[8 yuli]] [[2005]] na [[Joseph Kabila]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Moto wa politiki ya Kinsásá]] [[category:Kinsásá]] Roger Ngamika Mvumu 2115 7477 2006-01-03T17:13:33Z Bombo 12 '''Roger Ngamika Mvumu''' azali [[bourgemestre]] ya [[Bandalungwa]]. Bonakiye na mokoloya [[8 yuli]] [[2005]] na [[Joseph Kabila]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Moto wa politiki ya Kisásá]] [[category:Kisásá]] 7478 2006-01-03T17:13:52Z Bombo 12 '''Roger Ngamika Mvumu''' azali [[bourgemestre]] ya [[Barumbu]]. Bonakiye na mokoloya [[8 yuli]] [[2005]] na [[Joseph Kabila]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Moto wa politiki ya Kisásá]] [[category:Kisásá]] 8699 2006-07-01T20:23:31Z Bombo 12 typo '''Roger Ngamika Mvumu''' azali [[bourgemestre]] ya [[Barumbu]]. Bonakiye na mokoloya [[8 yuli]] [[2005]] na [[Joseph Kabila]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Moto wa politiki ya Kinsásá]] [[category:Kinsásá]] 8918 2006-07-17T15:02:47Z Moyogo 11 '''Roger {{smcp|Ngamika}} Mvumu''' azali [[bourgemestre]] ya [[Barumbu]]. Bonakiye na mokoloya [[8 yuli]] [[2005]] na [[Joseph Kabila]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Moto wa politiki ya Kinsásá]] [[category:Kinsásá]] Lovodi Kale 2116 7479 2006-01-03T17:16:26Z Bombo 12 '''Lovodi Kale''' azali [[bourgemestre]] ya [[Maluku]]. Bonakiye na mokoloya [[8 yuli]] [[2005]] na [[Joseph Kabila]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Moto wa politiki ya Kisásá]] [[category:Kisásá]] 7480 2006-01-03T17:17:06Z Bombo 12 corr link '''Lovodi Kale''' azali [[bourgemestre]] ya [[Maluku (Congo)|Maluku]]. Bonakiye na mokoloya [[8 yuli]] [[2005]] na [[Joseph Kabila]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Moto wa politiki ya Kisásá]] [[category:Kisásá]] 8701 2006-07-01T20:24:46Z Bombo 12 typo '''Lovodi Kale''' azali [[bourgemestre]] ya [[Maluku (Congo)|Maluku]]. 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Ou vous pouvez vous adresser directement à moi. * Des indications sur la graphie du Lingála sont réunis sur la page de [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]]. Lui aussi est administrateur et peut vous aider. * Chaque page dispose d'une page de discussion (ntembe) qui permet de discuter sur l'article en question. Je me réjouis de lire bientôt vos contributions en Lingála.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:22, 9 yanuari 2006 (UTC)-- User talk:PIP 2129 7553 2006-01-09T13:22:38Z Bombo 12 Mbɔ́tɛ ===Mbɔ́tɛ!=== Bienvenue sur l'Encyclopaedie Wikipedia en [[Lingála]]. * Si vous avez des questions concernant le fonctionnement de la téchnique (faire des liens, titres, etc.), vous trouvez des informations sur la page [[Wikipedia:Bísó na bísó|Bísó na bísó]]. Ou vous pouvez vous adresser directement à moi. * Des indications sur la graphie du Lingála sont réunis sur la page de [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]]. Lui aussi est administrateur et peut vous aider. * Chaque page dispose d'une page de discussion (ntembe) qui permet de discuter sur l'article en question. Je me réjouis de lire bientôt vos contributions en Lingála.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:22, 9 yanuari 2006 (UTC)-- User talk:Walter 2130 7554 2006-01-09T13:23:57Z Bombo 12 Mbɔ́tɛ ===Mbɔ́tɛ!=== Bienvenue sur l'Encyclopaedie Wikipedia en [[Lingála]]. * Si vous avez des questions concernant le fonctionnement de la téchnique (faire des liens, titres, etc.), vous trouvez des informations sur la page [[Wikipedia:Bísó na bísó|Bísó na bísó]]. Ou vous pouvez vous adresser directement à moi. * Des indications sur la graphie du Lingála sont réunis sur la page de [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]]. Lui aussi est administrateur et peut vous aider. * Chaque page dispose d'une page de discussion (ntembe) qui permet de discuter sur l'article en question. Je me réjouis de lire bientôt vos contributions en Lingála.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:23, 9 yanuari 2006 (UTC)-- User talk:Taichi 2131 7555 2006-01-09T13:24:27Z Bombo 12 Mbɔ́tɛ ===Mbɔ́tɛ!=== Bienvenue sur l'Encyclopaedie Wikipedia en [[Lingála]]. * Si vous avez des questions concernant le fonctionnement de la téchnique (faire des liens, titres, etc.), vous trouvez des informations sur la page [[Wikipedia:Bísó na bísó|Bísó na bísó]]. Ou vous pouvez vous adresser directement à moi. * Des indications sur la graphie du Lingála sont réunis sur la page de [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]]. Lui aussi est administrateur et peut vous aider. * Chaque page dispose d'une page de discussion (ntembe) qui permet de discuter sur l'article en question. Je me réjouis de lire bientôt vos contributions en Lingála.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 13:24, 9 yanuari 2006 (UTC)-- User:Miaow Miaow 2132 7557 2006-01-09T16:58:38Z Miaow Miaow 51 a visitor from cs: wiki {{Babel-6|ln-0|cs|en-2|ru-1|de-1|la-1}} '''[[:Commons:User:Miaow Miaow|Miaow Miaow]]''' Nyama ya mabɛ́lɛ 2133 7568 2006-01-10T01:12:04Z Moyogo 11 ndámbo {{ndámbo}} '''Nyama ya mabɛ́lɛ''' izalí kelási ya [[nyama]] óyo izalí na [[mabɛ́lɛ]]. [[fr:Mammifère]] [[en:Mammal]] 7573 2006-01-10T01:14:48Z Moyogo 11 cat {{ndámbo}} '''Nyama ya mabɛ́lɛ''' izalí kelási ya [[nyama]] óyo izalí na [[mabɛ́lɛ]]. [[Category:Nyama ya mabɛ́lɛ]] [[fr:Mammifère]] [[en:Mammal]] 7576 2006-01-10T01:18:22Z Moyogo 11 {{ndámbo}} '''Nyama ya mabɛ́lɛ''' izalí kelási ya [[nyama]] óyo izalí na [[libɛ́lɛ|mabɛ́lɛ]]. [[Category:Nyama ya mabɛ́lɛ]] [[fr:Mammifère]] [[en:Mammal]] 9061 2006-08-02T06:38:03Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: af, ar, ast, bg, br, bs, ca, co, cs, cy, da, de, el, eo, es, et, eu, fa, fi, fy, gl, he, hu, ia, id, io, is, it, ja, jbo, ko, kw, la, lb, li, lt, ms, nds, nl, nn, no, nrm, oc, pl, pt, ru, scn, simple, sk, sl, sr, su, sv, tet, th, tl, t {{ndámbo}} '''Nyama ya mabɛ́lɛ''' izalí kelási ya [[nyama]] óyo izalí na [[libɛ́lɛ|mabɛ́lɛ]]. [[Category:Nyama ya mabɛ́lɛ]] [[af:Soogdier]] [[ar:ثدييات]] [[ast:Mamíferu]] [[bg:Бозайници]] [[br:Bronneg]] [[bs:Sisar]] [[ca:Mamífer]] [[co:Mammiferu]] [[cs:Savci]] [[cy:Mamal]] [[da:Pattedyr]] [[de:Säugetiere]] [[el:Θηλαστικό]] [[en:Mammal]] [[eo:Mamuloj]] [[es:Mammalia]] [[et:Imetajad]] [[eu:Mammalia]] [[fa:پستاندار]] [[fi:Nisäkkäät]] [[fr:Mammifère]] [[fy:Sûchdieren]] [[gl:Mamífero]] [[he:יונקים]] [[hu:Emlősök]] [[ia:Mammalia]] [[id:Binatang menyusui]] [[io:Mamifero]] [[is:Spendýr]] [[it:Mammalia]] [[ja:哺乳類]] [[jbo:mabru]] [[ko:포유류]] [[kw:Bronnvil]] [[la:Mammalia]] [[lb:Mamendéieren]] [[li:Zoegdiere]] [[lt:Žinduoliai]] [[ms:Mamalia]] [[nds:Söögdeerten]] [[nl:Zoogdieren]] [[nn:Pattedyr]] [[no:Pattedyr]] [[nrm:Mammiféthe]] [[oc:Mammalia]] [[pl:Ssaki]] [[pt:Mammalia]] [[ru:Млекопитающие]] [[scn:Mammìfiri]] [[simple:Mammal]] [[sk:Cicavce]] [[sl:Sesalci]] [[sr:Сисари]] [[su:Mamalia]] [[sv:Däggdjur]] [[tet:Mamolojia]] [[th:สัตว์เลี้ยงลูกด้วยนม]] [[tl:Mamalya]] [[tr:Memeliler]] [[uk:Ссавці]] [[wa:Biesse ås tetes]] [[zh:哺乳动物]] [[zh-min-nan:Chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t]] 9500 2006-10-14T17:08:39Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: [[hr:Sisavci]], [[mk:Цицач]], [[mt:Mammiferi]] {{ndámbo}} '''Nyama ya mabɛ́lɛ''' izalí kelási ya [[nyama]] óyo izalí na [[libɛ́lɛ|mabɛ́lɛ]]. 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[[Category:Nyama ya mabɛ́lɛ]] [[af:Soogdier]] [[ar:ثدييات]] [[ast:Mamíferu]] [[bar:Spofiecha]] [[bg:Бозайници]] [[br:Bronneg]] [[bs:Sisar]] [[ca:Mamífer]] [[co:Mammiferu]] [[cs:Savci]] [[cy:Mamal]] [[da:Pattedyr]] [[de:Säugetiere]] [[el:Θηλαστικό]] [[en:Mammal]] [[eo:Mamuloj]] [[es:Mammalia]] [[et:Imetajad]] [[eu:Ugaztun]] [[fa:پستاندار]] [[fi:Nisäkkäät]] [[fo:Súgdjór]] [[fr:Mammifère]] [[fy:Sûchdieren]] [[gd:Mamalan]] [[gl:Mamífero]] [[he:יונקים]] [[hr:Sisavci]] [[hu:Emlősök]] [[ia:Mammalia]] [[id:Binatang menyusui]] [[io:Mamifero]] [[is:Spendýr]] [[it:Mammalia]] [[ja:哺乳類]] [[jbo:mabru]] [[ko:포유류]] [[kw:Bronnvil]] [[la:Mammalia]] [[lb:Mamendéieren]] [[li:Zoegdiere]] [[lij:Mammalia]] [[lt:Žinduoliai]] [[mk:Цицач]] [[ms:Mamalia]] [[mt:Mammiferi]] [[nds:Söögdeerten]] [[nl:Zoogdieren]] [[nn:Pattedyr]] [[no:Pattedyr]] [[nrm:Mammiféthe]] [[oc:Mammalia]] [[pl:Ssaki]] [[pt:Mammalia]] [[ru:Млекопитающие]] [[scn:Mammìfiri]] [[sh:Sisavac]] [[simple:Mammal]] [[sk:Cicavce]] [[sl:Sesalci]] [[sr:Сисари]] [[su:Mamalia]] [[sv:Däggdjur]] [[tet:Mamolojia]] [[th:สัตว์เลี้ยงลูกด้วยนม]] [[tl:Mamalya]] [[tr:Memeliler]] [[uk:Ссавці]] [[wa:Biesse ås tetes]] [[yi:מאמאל]] [[zh:哺乳动物]] [[zh-min-nan:Chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t]] Category:Moto 2134 7570 2006-01-10T01:13:51Z Moyogo 11 [[Category:Nyama ya mayɛ́lɛ]] 7575 2006-01-10T01:17:13Z Moyogo 11 typo [[Category:Nyama ya mabɛ́lɛ]] 8795 2006-07-11T18:27:26Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: an, ast, az, bg, ca, cs, da, de, en, eo, es, et, eu, fi, fr, gl, gu, he, hr, hu, id, io, is, it, ja, ko, ku, kw, la, li, lt, nds, nl, no, os, pa, pl, pt, ro, ru, simple, sr, sv, th, tr, uk, vi, zh, zh-min-nan [[Category:Nyama ya mabɛ́lɛ]] [[an:Categoría:Biografías]] [[ast:Categoría:Biografíes]] [[az:Kateqoriya:Şəxslər]] [[bg:Категория:Хора]] [[ca:Categoria:Biografies]] [[cs:Kategorie:Lidé]] [[da:Kategori:Personer]] [[de:Kategorie:Person]] [[en:Category:People]] [[eo:Kategorio:Famaj personoj]] [[es:Categoría:Biografías]] [[et:Kategooria:Inimesed]] [[eu:Kategoria:Biografiak]] [[fi:Luokka:Henkilöt]] [[fr:Catégorie:Personnalité]] [[gl:Category:Personalidades]] [[gu:Category:વ્યક્તિત્વ]] [[he:קטגוריה:אישים]] [[hr:Kategorija:Biografije]] [[hu:Kategória:Személyek]] [[id:Kategori:Tokoh]] [[io:Category:Personalajo]] [[is:Flokkur:Fólk]] [[it:Categoria:Persone]] [[ja:Category:人物]] [[ko:분류:사람]] [[ku:Kategorî:Kes]] [[kw:Category:Pobel]] [[la:Categoria:Homines]] [[li:Kategorie:Persoon]] [[lt:Kategorija:Biografijos]] [[nds:Kategorie:Person]] [[nl:Categorie:Persoon]] [[no:Kategori:Personer]] [[os:Категори:Зындгонд адæймæгтæ]] [[pa:ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ:ਲੋਕ]] [[pl:Kategoria:Biografie]] [[pt:Categoria:Pessoas]] [[ro:Categorie:Biografii]] [[ru:Категория:Персоналии]] [[simple:Category:People]] [[sr:Категорија:Биографије]] [[sv:Kategori:Personer]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:บุคคล]] [[tr:Kategori:Kişiler]] [[uk:Категорія:Персоналії]] [[vi:Thể loại:Nhân vật]] [[zh:Category:人物]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Jîn-bu̍t]] 9096 2006-08-12T20:37:34Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: af, als, bs, fo, fy, nn, oc, sq, vls [[Category:Nyama ya mabɛ́lɛ]] [[af:Kategorie:Mense]] [[als:Kategorie:Person]] [[an:Categoría:Biografías]] [[ast:Categoría:Biografíes]] [[az:Kateqoriya:Şəxslər]] [[bg:Категория:Хора]] [[bs:Kategorija:Biografije]] [[ca:Categoria:Biografies]] [[cs:Kategorie:Lidé]] [[da:Kategori:Personer]] [[de:Kategorie:Person]] [[en:Category:People]] [[eo:Kategorio:Famaj personoj]] [[es:Categoría:Biografías]] [[et:Kategooria:Inimesed]] [[eu:Kategoria:Biografiak]] [[fi:Luokka:Henkilöt]] [[fo:Bólkur:Fólk]] [[fr:Catégorie:Personnalité]] [[fy:Kategory:Persoan]] [[gl:Category:Personalidades]] [[gu:Category:વ્યક્તિત્વ]] [[he:קטגוריה:אישים]] [[hr:Kategorija:Biografije]] [[hu:Kategória:Személyek]] [[id:Kategori:Tokoh]] [[io:Category:Personalajo]] [[is:Flokkur:Fólk]] [[it:Categoria:Persone]] [[ja:Category:人物]] [[ko:분류:사람]] [[ku:Kategorî:Kes]] [[kw:Category:Pobel]] [[la:Categoria:Homines]] [[li:Kategorie:Persoon]] [[lt:Kategorija:Biografijos]] [[nds:Kategorie:Person]] [[nl:Categorie:Persoon]] [[nn:Kategori:Personar]] [[no:Kategori:Personer]] [[oc:Categoria:Personalitat]] [[os:Категори:Зындгонд адæймæгтæ]] [[pa:ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ:ਲੋਕ]] [[pl:Kategoria:Biografie]] [[pt:Categoria:Pessoas]] [[ro:Categorie:Biografii]] [[ru:Категория:Персоналии]] [[simple:Category:People]] [[sq:Category:Persona]] [[sr:Категорија:Биографије]] [[sv:Kategori:Personer]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:บุคคล]] [[tr:Kategori:Kişiler]] [[uk:Категорія:Персоналії]] [[vi:Thể loại:Nhân vật]] [[vls:Category:Mens]] [[zh:Category:人物]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Jîn-bu̍t]] Category:Nyama ya mabɛ́lɛ 2136 7574 2006-01-10T01:16:32Z Moyogo 11 cat [[Category:Nyama]] 9826 2006-11-21T20:38:47Z Bombo 12 interwiki [[Category:Nyama]] [[af:Kategorie:Soogdiere]] [[an:Categoría:Mamiferos]] [[ang:Category:Sycedēor]] [[ar:تصنيف:ثدييات]] [[ast:Categoría:Mamíferos]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Млекакормячыя]] [[bg:Категория:Бозайници]] [[bn:Category:স্তন্যপায়ী প্রাণী]] [[ca:Categoria:Mamífers]] [[cs:Kategorie:Savci]] [[da:Kategori:Pattedyr]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Θηλαστικά]] [[en:Category:Mammals]] [[eo:Kategorio:Mamuloj]] [[es:Categoría:Mamíferos]] [[eu:Kategoria:Ugaztunak]] [[fi:Luokka:Nisäkkäät]] [[fr:Catégorie:Mammifère]] [[gd:Category:Mamalan]] [[he:קטגוריה:יונקים]] [[hr:Kategorija:Sisavci]] [[hu:Kategória:Emlősök]] [[ia:Categoria:Mammales]] [[id:Kategori:Mamalia]] [[io:Category:Mamiferi]] [[it:Categoria:Mammiferi]] [[ja:Category:哺乳類]] [[ka:კატეგორია:ძუძუმწოვრები]] [[ko:분류:포유류]] [[ku:Kategorî:Ajalên guhandar]] [[lb:Category:Mamendéieren]] [[li:Kategorie:Zoegdiere]] [[nds:Kategorie:Söögdeerten]] [[nl:Categorie:Zoogdier]] [[no:Kategori:Pattedyr]] [[oc:Categoria:Mammalia]] [[pl:Kategoria:Ssaki]] [[pt:Categoria:Mamíferos]] [[ro:Categorie:Mamifere]] [[ru:Категория:Млекопитающие]] [[sk:Kategória:Cicavce]] [[sl:Kategorija:Sesalci]] [[tr:Kategori:Memeliler]] [[uk:Категорія:Ссавці]] [[vi:Thể loại:Động vật có vú]] [[zh:Category:哺乳類]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t]] 9878 2006-11-26T04:59:24Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: de, nn, simple Modifie: es [[Category:Nyama]] [[af:Kategorie:Soogdiere]] [[an:Categoría:Mamiferos]] [[ang:Category:Sycedēor]] [[ar:تصنيف:ثدييات]] [[ast:Categoría:Mamíferos]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Млекакормячыя]] [[bg:Категория:Бозайници]] [[bn:Category:স্তন্যপায়ী প্রাণী]] [[ca:Categoria:Mamífers]] [[cs:Kategorie:Savci]] [[da:Kategori:Pattedyr]] [[de:Kategorie:Säugetiere]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Θηλαστικά]] [[en:Category:Mammals]] [[eo:Kategorio:Mamuloj]] [[es:Categoría:Mammalia]] [[eu:Kategoria:Ugaztunak]] [[fi:Luokka:Nisäkkäät]] [[fr:Catégorie:Mammifère]] [[gd:Category:Mamalan]] [[he:קטגוריה:יונקים]] [[hr:Kategorija:Sisavci]] [[hu:Kategória:Emlősök]] [[ia:Categoria:Mammales]] [[id:Kategori:Mamalia]] [[io:Category:Mamiferi]] [[it:Categoria:Mammiferi]] [[ja:Category:哺乳類]] [[ka:კატეგორია:ძუძუმწოვრები]] [[ko:분류:포유류]] [[ku:Kategorî:Ajalên guhandar]] [[lb:Category:Mamendéieren]] [[li:Kategorie:Zoegdiere]] [[nds:Kategorie:Söögdeerten]] [[nl:Categorie:Zoogdier]] [[nn:Kategori:Pattedyr]] [[no:Kategori:Pattedyr]] [[oc:Categoria:Mammalia]] [[pl:Kategoria:Ssaki]] [[pt:Categoria:Mamíferos]] [[ro:Categorie:Mamifere]] [[ru:Категория:Млекопитающие]] [[simple:Category:Mammals]] [[sk:Kategória:Cicavce]] [[sl:Kategorija:Sesalci]] [[tr:Kategori:Memeliler]] [[uk:Категорія:Ссавці]] [[vi:Thể loại:Động vật có vú]] [[zh:Category:哺乳類]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t]] 9928 2006-12-06T00:01:43Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[cy:Categori:Mamaliaid]] [[Category:Nyama]] [[af:Kategorie:Soogdiere]] [[an:Categoría:Mamiferos]] [[ang:Category:Sycedēor]] [[ar:تصنيف:ثدييات]] [[ast:Categoría:Mamíferos]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Млекакормячыя]] [[bg:Категория:Бозайници]] [[bn:Category:স্তন্যপায়ী প্রাণী]] [[ca:Categoria:Mamífers]] [[cs:Kategorie:Savci]] [[cy:Categori:Mamaliaid]] [[da:Kategori:Pattedyr]] [[de:Kategorie:Säugetiere]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Θηλαστικά]] [[en:Category:Mammals]] [[eo:Kategorio:Mamuloj]] [[es:Categoría:Mammalia]] [[eu:Kategoria:Ugaztunak]] [[fi:Luokka:Nisäkkäät]] [[fr:Catégorie:Mammifère]] [[gd:Category:Mamalan]] [[he:קטגוריה:יונקים]] [[hr:Kategorija:Sisavci]] [[hu:Kategória:Emlősök]] [[ia:Categoria:Mammales]] [[id:Kategori:Mamalia]] [[io:Category:Mamiferi]] [[it:Categoria:Mammiferi]] [[ja:Category:哺乳類]] [[ka:კატეგორია:ძუძუმწოვრები]] [[ko:분류:포유류]] [[ku:Kategorî:Ajalên guhandar]] [[lb:Category:Mamendéieren]] [[li:Kategorie:Zoegdiere]] [[nds:Kategorie:Söögdeerten]] [[nl:Categorie:Zoogdier]] [[nn:Kategori:Pattedyr]] [[no:Kategori:Pattedyr]] [[oc:Categoria:Mammalia]] [[pl:Kategoria:Ssaki]] [[pt:Categoria:Mamíferos]] [[ro:Categorie:Mamifere]] [[ru:Категория:Млекопитающие]] [[simple:Category:Mammals]] [[sk:Kategória:Cicavce]] [[sl:Kategorija:Sesalci]] [[tr:Kategori:Memeliler]] [[uk:Категорія:Ссавці]] [[vi:Thể loại:Động vật có vú]] [[zh:Category:哺乳類]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t]] 9963 2006-12-13T12:30:31Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[et:Kategooria:Imetajad]], [[fa:رده:پستانداران]] [[Category:Nyama]] [[af:Kategorie:Soogdiere]] [[an:Categoría:Mamiferos]] [[ang:Category:Sycedēor]] [[ar:تصنيف:ثدييات]] [[ast:Categoría:Mamíferos]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Млекакормячыя]] [[bg:Категория:Бозайници]] [[bn:Category:স্তন্যপায়ী প্রাণী]] [[ca:Categoria:Mamífers]] [[cs:Kategorie:Savci]] [[cy:Categori:Mamaliaid]] [[da:Kategori:Pattedyr]] [[de:Kategorie:Säugetiere]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Θηλαστικά]] [[en:Category:Mammals]] [[eo:Kategorio:Mamuloj]] [[es:Categoría:Mammalia]] [[et:Kategooria:Imetajad]] [[eu:Kategoria:Ugaztunak]] [[fa:رده:پستانداران]] [[fi:Luokka:Nisäkkäät]] [[fr:Catégorie:Mammifère]] [[gd:Category:Mamalan]] [[he:קטגוריה:יונקים]] [[hr:Kategorija:Sisavci]] [[hu:Kategória:Emlősök]] [[ia:Categoria:Mammales]] [[id:Kategori:Mamalia]] [[io:Category:Mamiferi]] [[it:Categoria:Mammiferi]] [[ja:Category:哺乳類]] [[ka:კატეგორია:ძუძუმწოვრები]] [[ko:분류:포유류]] [[ku:Kategorî:Ajalên guhandar]] [[lb:Category:Mamendéieren]] [[li:Kategorie:Zoegdiere]] [[nds:Kategorie:Söögdeerten]] [[nl:Categorie:Zoogdier]] [[nn:Kategori:Pattedyr]] [[no:Kategori:Pattedyr]] [[oc:Categoria:Mammalia]] [[pl:Kategoria:Ssaki]] [[pt:Categoria:Mamíferos]] [[ro:Categorie:Mamifere]] [[ru:Категория:Млекопитающие]] [[simple:Category:Mammals]] [[sk:Kategória:Cicavce]] [[sl:Kategorija:Sesalci]] [[tr:Kategori:Memeliler]] [[uk:Категорія:Ссавці]] [[vi:Thể loại:Động vật có vú]] [[zh:Category:哺乳類]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t]] 10028 2006-12-22T09:09:28Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[lt:Kategorija:Žinduoliai]], [[wa:Categoreye:Biesses ås tetes]] [[Category:Nyama]] [[af:Kategorie:Soogdiere]] [[an:Categoría:Mamiferos]] [[ang:Category:Sycedēor]] [[ar:تصنيف:ثدييات]] [[ast:Categoría:Mamíferos]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Млекакормячыя]] [[bg:Категория:Бозайници]] [[bn:Category:স্তন্যপায়ী প্রাণী]] [[ca:Categoria:Mamífers]] [[cs:Kategorie:Savci]] [[cy:Categori:Mamaliaid]] [[da:Kategori:Pattedyr]] [[de:Kategorie:Säugetiere]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Θηλαστικά]] [[en:Category:Mammals]] [[eo:Kategorio:Mamuloj]] [[es:Categoría:Mammalia]] [[et:Kategooria:Imetajad]] [[eu:Kategoria:Ugaztunak]] [[fa:رده:پستانداران]] [[fi:Luokka:Nisäkkäät]] [[fr:Catégorie:Mammifère]] [[gd:Category:Mamalan]] [[he:קטגוריה:יונקים]] [[hr:Kategorija:Sisavci]] [[hu:Kategória:Emlősök]] [[ia:Categoria:Mammales]] [[id:Kategori:Mamalia]] [[io:Category:Mamiferi]] [[it:Categoria:Mammiferi]] [[ja:Category:哺乳類]] [[ka:კატეგორია:ძუძუმწოვრები]] [[ko:분류:포유류]] [[ku:Kategorî:Ajalên guhandar]] [[lb:Category:Mamendéieren]] [[li:Kategorie:Zoegdiere]] [[lt:Kategorija:Žinduoliai]] [[nds:Kategorie:Söögdeerten]] [[nl:Categorie:Zoogdier]] [[nn:Kategori:Pattedyr]] [[no:Kategori:Pattedyr]] [[oc:Categoria:Mammalia]] [[pl:Kategoria:Ssaki]] [[pt:Categoria:Mamíferos]] [[ro:Categorie:Mamifere]] [[ru:Категория:Млекопитающие]] [[simple:Category:Mammals]] [[sk:Kategória:Cicavce]] [[sl:Kategorija:Sesalci]] [[tr:Kategori:Memeliler]] [[uk:Категорія:Ссавці]] [[vi:Thể loại:Động vật có vú]] [[wa:Categoreye:Biesses ås tetes]] [[zh:Category:哺乳類]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t]] Libɛ́lɛ 2137 7577 2006-01-10T01:32:07Z Moyogo 11 {{ndámbo}} '''Libɛ́lɛ''' ezalí eténi ya [[ntólo]] ezalaka na [[nzóto]] ya [[mwǎsí]] mwa [[moto]] mpé mwasí ya [[nyama ya mabɛ́lɛ]]. [[en:Mammary gland]] 7578 2006-01-10T01:34:55Z Moyogo 11 {{ndámbo}} '''Libɛ́lɛ''' ezalí eténi ya [[ntólo]] ezalaka na [[nzóto]] ya [[mwǎsí]] mwa [[moto]] mpé mwasí ya [[nyama ya mabɛ́lɛ]]. Mabɛ́lɛ mazalaka mábalé o ntólo epái ya mwǎsí mwa moto. [[en:Mammary gland]] 7579 2006-01-10T01:36:53Z Moyogo 11 {{ndámbo}} [[Image:Dissected lactating breast gray1172.png|thumb|Libɛ́lɛ ya mwǎsí]] '''Libɛ́lɛ''' ezalí eténi ya [[ntólo]] ezalaka na [[nzóto]] ya [[mwǎsí]] mwa [[moto]] mpé mwasí ya [[nyama ya mabɛ́lɛ]]. Mabɛ́lɛ mazalaka mábalé o ntólo epái ya mwǎsí mwa moto. [[en:Mammary gland]] 7580 2006-01-10T01:41:07Z Moyogo 11 cat {{ndámbo}} [[Image:Dissected lactating breast gray1172.png|thumb|Libɛ́lɛ ya mwǎsí]] '''Libɛ́lɛ''' ezalí eténi ya [[ntólo]] ezalaka na [[nzóto]] ya [[mwǎsí]] mwa [[moto]] mpé mwasí ya [[nyama ya mabɛ́lɛ]]. Mabɛ́lɛ mazalaka mábalé o ntólo epái ya mwǎsí mwa moto. [[Category:Nzóto]] [[en:Mammary gland]] 7581 2006-01-10T01:43:26Z Moyogo 11 cat {{ndámbo}} [[Image:Dissected lactating breast gray1172.png|thumb|Libɛ́lɛ ya mwǎsí]] '''Libɛ́lɛ''' ezalí eténi ya [[ntólo]] ezalaka na [[nzóto]] ya [[mwǎsí]] mwa [[moto]] mpé mwasí ya [[nyama ya mabɛ́lɛ]]. Mabɛ́lɛ mazalaka mábalé o ntólo epái ya mwǎsí mwa moto. [[Category:Eténi ya nzóto]] [[en:Mammary gland]] 7594 2006-01-10T10:49:29Z Bombo 12 interwiki {{ndámbo}} [[Image:Dissected lactating breast gray1172.png|thumb|Libɛ́lɛ ya mwǎsí]] '''Libɛ́lɛ''' ezalí eténi ya [[ntólo]] ezalaka na [[nzóto]] ya [[mwǎsí]] mwa [[moto]] mpé mwasí ya [[nyama ya mabɛ́lɛ]]. Mabɛ́lɛ mazalaka mábalé o ntólo epái ya mwǎsí mwa moto. [[Category:Eténi ya nzóto]] [[cs:Mléčná žláza]] [[de:Milchdrüse]] [[en:Mammary gland]] [[eo:Laktoglando]] [[he:בלוטות חלב]] [[is:Mjólkurkirtill]] [[ln:Libɛ́lɛ]] [[lt:Pieno liauka]] [[nl:Melkklier]] [[pl:Gruczoł mlekowy]] [[zh:乳腺]] 7598 2006-01-10T11:13:25Z Moyogo 11 {{ndámbo}} [[Image:Dissected lactating breast gray1172.png|thumb|Libɛ́lɛ ya mwǎsí]] '''Libɛ́lɛ''' ezalí eténi ya [[ntólo]] ezalaka na [[nzóto]] ya [[mwǎsí]] mwa [[moto]] mpé mwasí ya [[nyama ya mabɛ́lɛ]]. Mabɛ́lɛ mazalaka mábalé o ntólo epái ya mwǎsí mwa moto. [[Category:Eténi ya nzóto]] [[cs:Mléčná žláza]] [[de:Milchdrüse]] [[en:Mammary gland]] [[eo:Laktoglando]] [[he:בלוטות חלב]] [[is:Mjólkurkirtill]] [[lt:Pieno liauka]] [[nl:Melkklier]] [[pl:Gruczoł mlekowy]] [[zh:乳腺]] 7852 2006-03-21T14:04:50Z 219.37.104.10 {{ndámbo}} [[Image:Dissected lactating breast gray1172.png|thumb|Libɛ́lɛ ya mwǎsí]] '''Libɛ́lɛ''' ezalí eténi ya [[ntólo]] ezalaka na [[nzóto]] ya [[mwǎsí]] mwa [[moto]] mpé mwasí ya [[nyama ya mabɛ́lɛ]]. Mabɛ́lɛ mazalaka mábalé o ntólo epái ya mwǎsí mwa moto. [[Category:Eténi ya nzóto]] [[cs:Mléčná žláza]] [[de:Milchdrüse]] [[en:Mammary gland]] [[eo:Laktoglando]] [[he:בלוטות חלב]] [[is:Mjólkurkirtill]] [[ja:乳腺]] [[lt:Pieno liauka]] [[nl:Melkklier]] [[pl:Gruczoł mlekowy]] [[zh:乳腺]] Ntólo 2138 7582 2006-01-10T01:53:40Z Moyogo 11 {{ndámbo}} [[Image:Manet, Edouard - Blonde Woman with Bare Breasts.jpg|thumb|Ntólo epái ya mwäsí]] '''Ntólo''' ezalí eténi ya [[nzóto]] ezalaka epái ya [[mwǎsí]] mwa [[moto]] mpé mwasí ya [[nyama ya mabɛ́lɛ]]. [[Libɛ́lɛ|Mabɛ́lɛ]] ezalaka eténi ya ntólo. [[Category:Eténi ya nzóto]] [[en:Breast]] [[fr:Sein (anatomie)]] 8835 2006-07-12T11:34:46Z Moyogo 11 {{ndámbo}} [[Image:Manet, Edouard - Blonde Woman with Bare Breasts.jpg|thumb|Ntólo epái ya mwǎsí]] [[Image:Piglets1.jpg|thumb|Ntólo epái ya ngulu mwasí]] '''Ntólo''' ezalí eténi ya [[nzóto]] ezalaka epái ya [[mwǎsí]] mwa [[moto]] mpé mwasí ya [[nyama ya mabɛ́lɛ]]. [[Libɛ́lɛ|Mabɛ́lɛ]] ezalaka eténi ya ntólo. [[Category:Eténi ya nzóto]] [[en:Breast]] [[fr:Sein (anatomie)]] 8836 2006-07-12T11:36:26Z Moyogo 11 {{ndámbo}} [[Image:Manet, Edouard - Blonde Woman with Bare Breasts.jpg|thumb|Ntólo epái ya mwǎsí]] [[Image:Piglets1.jpg|thumb|Ntólo epái ya ngulu mwasí]] '''Ntólo''' ezalí eténi ya [[nzóto]] ezalaka epái ya [[mwǎsí]] mwa [[moto]] mpé mwasí ya [[nyama ya mabɛ́lɛ]]. [[Libɛ́lɛ|Mabɛ́lɛ]] ezalaka eténi ya ntólo. [[Category:Eténi ya nzóto]] [[en:Breast]] [[fr:Sein (anatomie)]] [[simple:Breast]] 8837 2006-07-12T11:45:12Z Moyogo 11 {{ndámbo}} [[Image:Manet, Edouard - Blonde Woman with Bare Breasts.jpg|thumb|Ntólo epái ya mwǎsí]] [[Image:Piglets1.jpg|thumb|Ntólo epái ya ngulu mwasí]] '''Ntólo''' ezalí eténi ya [[nzóto]] ezalaka epái ya [[mwǎsí]] mpé epái ya mobáli. [[Libɛ́lɛ|Mabɛ́lɛ]] ezalaka eténi ya ntólo. [[Category:Eténi ya nzóto]] [[en:Chest]] [[fr:Poitrine]] [[simple:Chest]] User talk:Miaow Miaow 2139 7593 2006-01-10T10:43:21Z 160.85.2.50 Mbɔ́tɛ ===Mbɔ́tɛ!=== Bienvenue sur l'Encyclopaedie Wikipedia en [[Lingála]]. * Si vous avez des questions concernant le fonctionnement de la téchnique (faire des liens, titres, etc.), vous trouvez des informations sur la page [[Wikipedia:Bísó na bísó|Bísó na bísó]]. Ou vous pouvez vous adresser directement à moi. * Des indications sur la graphie du Lingála sont réunis sur la page de [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]]. Lui aussi est administrateur et peut vous aider. * Chaque page dispose d'une page de discussion (ntembe) qui permet de discuter sur l'article en question. Je me réjouis de lire bientôt vos contributions en Lingála.--[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 11:44, 10 yanuari 2006 (UTC)-- Molongo ya bakomini ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa 2141 7603 2006-01-11T11:11:39Z Bombo 12 Tála mpé ==Tála mpé== [[:Category:Bakomini ya Kinshasa]] 8969 2006-07-25T09:03:40Z Bombo 12 ==Tála mpé== [[:Category:Bakomini ya Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bakomini ya Kinshasa]] Charles Mwanandeke 2142 7606 2006-01-11T11:41:30Z Bombo 12 '''M. Mwanandeke''' azali [[bourgemestre]] ya [[Ngaliema]]. Bonakiye na mokoloya [[8 yuli]] [[2005]] na [[Joseph Kabila]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Moto wa politiki ya Kisásá]] [[category:Kisásá]] 7608 2006-01-11T11:45:52Z Moyogo 11 [[M. Mwanandeke]] moved to [[Charles Mwanandeke]] '''M. Mwanandeke''' azali [[bourgemestre]] ya [[Ngaliema]]. Bonakiye na mokoloya [[8 yuli]] [[2005]] na [[Joseph Kabila]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Moto wa politiki ya Kisásá]] [[category:Kisásá]] 7610 2006-01-11T11:46:42Z Moyogo 11 Charles Mwanandeke '''Charles Mwanandeke''' azali [[bourgemestre]] ya [[Ngaliema]]. Bonakiye na mokoloya [[8 yuli]] [[2005]] na [[Joseph Kabila]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Moto wa politiki ya Kisásá]] [[category:Kisásá]] 8705 2006-07-01T20:28:10Z Bombo 12 typo '''Charles Mwanandeke''' azali [[bourgemestre]] ya [[Ngaliema]]. Bonakiye na mokoloya [[8 yuli]] [[2005]] na [[Joseph Kabila]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Moto wa politiki ya Kinsásá]] [[category:Kinsásá]] M. Mwanandeke 2143 7609 2006-01-11T11:45:52Z Moyogo 11 [[M. Mwanandeke]] moved to [[Charles Mwanandeke]]: http://lepotentiel.com/afficher_article.php?id_article=10211&id_edition=3474 #REDIRECT [[Charles Mwanandeke]] User:Interwiki de 2144 7612 2006-01-15T20:03:52Z Interwiki de 52 [[Special:Contributions/Interwiki_de|My contributions]] {{User ln-0}} 7613 2006-01-15T20:05:09Z Interwiki de 52 [[Special:Contributions/Interwiki_de|Ntako na ngáí]] {{User ln-0}} User:Koavf 2152 7638 2006-01-23T21:47:57Z Koavf 54 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Koavf !!!!!] [[en:User:koavf]] Wikipedia:Bikakoli bolámu 2153 7640 2006-01-24T13:35:11Z 160.85.2.50 # [[Wikipedia_talk:Bikakoli_bolámu]] 7641 2006-01-24T13:36:15Z 160.85.2.50 #REDIRECT [[Wikipedia_talk:Bikakoli_bolámu]] User:Alvaro 2154 7642 2006-01-26T17:12:05Z Alvaro 56 [[:m:user:Alvaro]] [[:m:user:Alvaro]] Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Nsango nini 2155 7646 2006-01-28T16:22:24Z Moyogo 11 [[Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Nsango nini]] moved to [[Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Nsango níni]]: níni #REDIRECT [[Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Nsango níni]] Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Óyo nini 2156 7648 2006-01-28T16:22:32Z Moyogo 11 [[Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Óyo nini]] moved to [[Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Óyo níni]]: níni #REDIRECT [[Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Óyo níni]] MediaWiki:Anonnotice 2157 7656 2006-02-01T14:19:02Z Bombo 12 "Appel personnel de Jimmy Wales" pour utilisateurs anonymes uniquement {| style="float: right; background: transparent; margin-top: -3px; margin-right: -1em;" |- | style="font-size: 90%; line-height: 1.4em; white-space: nowrap;" | <span class="nodeco" style="text-align: center;">[[wikimedia:Appel personnel|<span style="float: right; border-color: #AAAAAA; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; background-color: #F8FCFF; color: #778899; padding: 2px 9px; cursor: pointer;">Appel personnel<br />de '''Jimmy Wales'''</span>]]</span> |} Category:Mizíki 2158 7668 2006-02-07T12:18:01Z Bombo 12 cat [[category:Fízíkí]] 7693 2006-02-07T13:40:54Z Bombo 12 [[category:Fízíkí]] [[fr:Catégorie:Musique]] Category:Fízíkí 2159 7669 2006-02-07T12:18:28Z Bombo 12 '''Fízíkí''' 7692 2006-02-07T13:40:23Z Bombo 12 fr: '''Fízíkí''' [[fr:Catégorie:Physique]] 8771 2006-07-03T14:27:58Z Bombo 12 '''Fízíkí''' ezalí mambí ma bizalela bya bilɔ́kɔ bya mokili. [[fr:Catégorie:Physique]] Category:Bongana masíni 2161 7688 2006-02-07T13:34:15Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Macintosh classic.jpg|thumb|Esálela Apple Macintosh ya 1984]] '''Bongana masíni''' 7690 2006-02-07T13:36:54Z Bombo 12 fr: [[Image:Macintosh classic.jpg|thumb|Esálela Apple Macintosh ya 1984]] '''Bongana masíni''' [[fr:Informatique]] Category:Leta 2162 7697 2006-02-07T13:47:13Z Bombo 12 cat [[category:Lisangá]] Wikipedia:Esika yakomeka 2163 7719 2006-02-18T01:12:52Z Moyogo 11 [[Wikipedia:Esika yakomeka]] moved to [[Wikipedia:Esíká ya komeka]]: ortho #REDIRECT [[Wikipedia:Esíká ya komeka]] User talk:81.192.19.47 2164 7720 2006-02-18T01:14:30Z Moyogo 11 Je suis trop contente de voir un document en lignala :Merci, mais la page [[Lonkásá ya libosó]] n'est pas là pour les tests. Vous pouvez en faire sur la page [[Wikipedia:Esíká ya komeka]] qui est prévue pour. Si vous voulez plus d'infos sur la syntaxe simple des wikis : [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó]]. ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 01:14, 18 febuari 2006 (UTC) MediaWiki:Allmessagesfilter 2165 sysop 7734 2006-02-26T01:55:29Z MediaWiki default Regular expression filter: 7885 2006-03-28T06:12:37Z MediaWiki default Message name filter: MediaWiki:Allmessagesmodified 2166 sysop 7735 2006-02-26T01:55:29Z MediaWiki default Show only modified MediaWiki:Anoneditwarning 2167 sysop 7738 2006-02-26T01:55:29Z MediaWiki default You are not logged in. Your IP address will be recorded in this page's edit history. 8526 2006-07-01T18:57:57Z MediaWiki default '''Warning:''' You are not logged in. Your IP address will be recorded in this page's edit history. MediaWiki:Confirmedittext 2168 sysop 7744 2006-02-26T01:55:29Z MediaWiki default You must confirm your e-mail address before editing pages. Please set and validate your e-mail address through your [[Special:Preferences|user preferences]]. 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Remember that custom .css and .js pages use a lowercase title, e.g. User:Foo/monobook.css as opposed to User:Foo/Monobook.css. MediaWiki:Youhavenewmessagesmulti 2190 sysop 7785 2006-02-26T01:55:31Z MediaWiki default You have new messages on $1 Category:Almwali 2191 7796 2006-03-03T15:51:46Z Bombo 12 categorie [[Category:Jyografi]] [[Category:Historia]] 7797 2006-03-03T15:53:54Z Bombo 12 categorie [[Category:Bisé ya Mokili]] [[Category:Jyografi]] [[Category:Historia]] [[Category:Leta]] User talk:Dcljr 2192 7801 2006-03-05T01:05:16Z Dcljr 61 page creation -- I speak English '''Please note:''' My native language is [[en:English language|English]]. - [[User:Dcljr|dcljr]] ---- User:Dcljr 2193 7802 2006-03-05T01:08:12Z Dcljr 61 page creation {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} articles [[en:User:Dcljr]] Category:Móngana 2194 7808 2006-03-06T15:07:13Z 160.85.2.50 Texte sur '''Móngana''' en [[lingála]] manquant. Merci d'y ajouter. Contenu about '''Móngana''' in [[lingála]] is missing. Please, feel free to add some sentences. User:Superzerocool 2197 7855 2006-03-26T05:36:22Z Superzerocool 62 Hi, this is an interwikibot. It run in autonomous mode. Congrats [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] 05:36, 26 mars 2006 (UTC) 7856 2006-03-26T18:34:34Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: ceb, co, en, es, et, fiu-vro, ha, ht, ilo, jbo, lad, lmo, mg, pam, se, tpi, war Hi, this is an interwikibot. It run in autonomous mode. Congrats [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] 05:36, 26 mars 2006 (UTC) [[ceb:User:Superzerocool]] [[co:User:Superzerocool]] [[en:User:Superzerocool]] [[es:Usuario:Superzerocool]] [[et:Kasutaja:Superzerocool]] [[fiu-vro:User:Superzerocool]] [[ha:User:Superzerocool]] [[ht:User:Superzerocool]] [[ilo:User:Superzerocool]] [[jbo:User:Superzerocool]] [[lad:User:Superzerocool]] [[lmo:User:Superzerocool]] [[mg:User:Superzerocool]] [[pam:User:Superzerocool]] [[se:User:Superzerocool]] [[tpi:User:Superzerocool]] [[war:User:Superzerocool]] 7879 2006-03-27T14:40:41Z Bombo 12 [[Category:Wikipedia Bot]] Hi, this is an interwikibot. It run in autonomous mode. Congrats [[User:Superzerocool|Superzerocool]] 05:36, 26 mars 2006 (UTC) [[Category:Wikipedia Bot]] [[ceb:User:Superzerocool]] [[co:User:Superzerocool]] [[en:User:Superzerocool]] [[es:Usuario:Superzerocool]] [[et:Kasutaja:Superzerocool]] [[fiu-vro:User:Superzerocool]] [[ha:User:Superzerocool]] [[ht:User:Superzerocool]] [[ilo:User:Superzerocool]] [[jbo:User:Superzerocool]] [[lad:User:Superzerocool]] [[lmo:User:Superzerocool]] [[mg:User:Superzerocool]] [[pam:User:Superzerocool]] [[se:User:Superzerocool]] [[tpi:User:Superzerocool]] [[war:User:Superzerocool]] 8940 2006-07-22T05:22:48Z Superzerocool 62 Hi... I'm a interwiki bot... My master come from es.wikipedia and is sysop in here. Please help me if I miss a interwiki. === My Master's Contact === * Wikipedia: [[:es:User:Superzerocool|User:Superzerocool]] * IRC : wikipedia-es 21.00~24.00 (GMT -4) * Meta: [[:m:User:Superzerocool|User:Superzerocool]] == Where am I? == {|border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 1em; padding: 0.5em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;{{{1|}}}" |-style="background-color:#70C8FF; text-align: center; font-weight: Bold" |Código<br>''(code)'' || Aprobado<br>''(Can I do?)'' || Usuario<br>''(User)'' || Contribuciones<br>''(Contributions)'' |- |[[:es:]] || [[Image:Fairytale apply.png|20px]] || [[:es:Usuario:BOT-Superzerocool|Usuario:BOT-Superzerocool]] || [[:es: Special:Contributions/BOT-Superzerocool|es.wikipedia]] |- |[[:en:]] || Con Condiciones || [[:en:User:BOT-Superzerocool|User:BOT-Superzerocool]] || [[:en:Special:Contributions/BOT-Superzerocool|en.wikipedia]] |- |[[:lad:]] || [[Image:Fairytale apply.png|20px]] || [[:lad:User:Superzerocool|User:Superzerocool]] || [[:lad:Special:Contributions/Superzerocool|lad.wikipedia]] |- |[[:ht:]] || [[Image:Fairytale apply.png|20px]] || [[:ht:User:Superzerocool|User:Superzerocool]] || [[:ht:Special:Contributions/Superzerocool|ht.wikipedia]] |- |[[:ilo:]] || [[Image:Fairytale apply.png|20px]] || [[:ilo:User:Superzerocool|User:Superzerocool]] || [[:ilo:Special:Contributions/Superzerocool|ilo.wikipedia]] |- |[[:et:]] || [[Image:Fairytale apply.png|20px]] || [[:et:User:Superzerocool|User:Superzerocool]] || [[:et:Special:Contributions/Superzerocool|et.wikipedia]] |- |[[:ca:]] || [[Image:Fairytale apply.png|20px]] || [[:ca:User:BOT-Superzerocool|User:BOT-Superzerocool]] || [[:ca:Special:Contributions/BOT-Superzerocool|ca.wikipedia]] |- |[[:de:]] || [[Image:Fairytale apply.png|20px]] || [[:de:User:Superzerocool|User:Superzerocool]] || [[:de:Special:Contributions/Superzerocool|de.wikipedia]] |- |[[:pt:]] || [[Image:Fairytale apply.png|20px]] || [[:pt:User:BOT-Superzerocool|User:BOT-Superzerocool]] || [[:pt:Special:Contributions/BOT-Superzerocool|pt.wikipedia]] |- |[[:nl:]] || [[Image:Fairytale apply.png|20px]] || [[:nl:User:BOT-Superzerocool|User:BOT-Superzerocool]] || [[:nl:Special:Contributions/BOT-Superzerocool|nl.wikipedia]] |- |[[:ja:]] || [[Image:Fairytale apply.png|20px]] || [[:ja:User:BOT-Superzerocool|User:BOT-Superzerocool]] || [[:ja:Special:Contributions/BOT-Superzerocool|ja.wikipedia]] |- |[[:fr:]] || Request || [[:fr:User:BOT-Superzerocool|User:BOT-Superzerocool]] || [[:fr:Special:Contributions/BOT-Superzerocool|fr.wikipedia]] |- |[[:fiu-vro:]] || Meta Request || [[:fiu-vro:User:Superzerocool|User:Superzerocool]] || [[:fiu-vro:Special:Contributions/Superzerocool|fiu-vro.wikipedia]] |} [[Category:Wikipedia Bot]] MediaWiki:Articletitles 2198 sysop 7886 2006-03-28T06:12:37Z MediaWiki default Articles starting with ''$1'' MediaWiki:Editsectionhint 2199 sysop 7887 2006-03-28T06:12:38Z MediaWiki default Edit section: $1 MediaWiki:Hideresults 2200 sysop 7889 2006-03-28T06:12:39Z MediaWiki default Hide results MediaWiki:Missingcommenttext 2201 sysop 7892 2006-03-28T06:12:39Z MediaWiki default Please enter a comment below. 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Other admins on this wiki will still be able to access the hidden content and can undelete it again through this same interface, unless an additional restriction is placed by the site operators. MediaWiki:Revisiondelete 2218 sysop 7910 2006-03-28T06:12:41Z MediaWiki default Delete/undelete revisions MediaWiki:Searchcontaining 2219 sysop 7911 2006-03-28T06:12:41Z MediaWiki default Search for articles containing ''$1''. MediaWiki:Searchnamed 2220 sysop 7912 2006-03-28T06:12:41Z MediaWiki default Search for articles named ''$1''. MediaWiki:Tog-autopatrol 2221 sysop 7915 2006-03-28T06:12:42Z MediaWiki default Mark edits I make as patrolled MediaWiki:Tog-forceeditsummary 2222 sysop 7916 2006-03-28T06:12:42Z MediaWiki default Prompt me when entering a blank edit summary MediaWiki:Tog-watchcreations 2223 sysop 7917 2006-03-28T06:12:42Z MediaWiki default Add pages I create to my watchlist MediaWiki:Variantname-sr 2224 sysop 7920 2006-03-28T06:12:42Z MediaWiki default sr MediaWiki:Variantname-sr-ec 2225 sysop 7921 2006-03-28T06:12:42Z MediaWiki default sr-ec MediaWiki:Variantname-sr-el 2226 sysop 7922 2006-03-28T06:12:42Z MediaWiki default sr-el MediaWiki:Variantname-sr-jc 2227 sysop 7923 2006-03-28T06:12:42Z MediaWiki default sr-jc MediaWiki:Variantname-sr-jl 2228 sysop 7924 2006-03-28T06:12:42Z MediaWiki default sr-jl User:Jon Harald Søby 2229 7930 2006-03-31T12:25:31Z Jon Harald Søby 63 Hello! My name is '''[[m:User:Jon Harald Søby|Jon Harald Søby]]''', and I'm a [[m:Stewards|Steward]] of the Wikimedia Foundation, born 1988, living in Norway. [[en:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[no:Bruker:Jhs]] 7932 2006-04-01T09:53:47Z Jon Harald Søby 63 interwiki Hello! My name is '''[[m:User:Jon Harald Søby|Jon Harald Søby]]''', and I'm a [[m:Stewards|Steward]] of the Wikimedia Foundation, born 1988, living in Norway. If you wish to contact me, you can do so [[m:User talk:Jon Harald Søby|here]]. [[aa:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ab:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[af:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ak:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[als:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[am:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[an:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ang:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ar:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[arc:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[as:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ast:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[av:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ay:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[az:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ba:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[bat-smg:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[be:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[bg:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[bh:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[bi:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[bm:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[bn:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[bo:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[br:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[bs:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[bug:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ca:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ce:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ceb:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ch:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[cho:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[chr:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[chy:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[co:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[cr:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[cs:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[csb:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[cv:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[cy:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[da:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[de:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[dv:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[dz:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ee:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[el:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[en:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[eo:User:Jon Harald SØBY]] [[es:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[et:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[eu:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[fa:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ff:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[fi:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[fiu-vro:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[fj:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[fo:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[fr:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[frp:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[fur:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[fy:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ga:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[gd:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[gl:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[gn:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[got:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[gu:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[gv:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ha:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[haw:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[he:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[hi:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ho:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[hr:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ht:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[hu:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[hy:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[hz:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ia:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[id:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ie:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ig:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ii:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ik:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ilo:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[io:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[is:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[it:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[iu:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ja:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[jbo:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[jv:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ka:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[kg:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[kj:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ki:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[kk:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[kl:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[km:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[kn:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ko:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[kr:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ks:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ksh:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ku:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[kv:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[kw:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ky:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[la:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[lad:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[lb:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[lg:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[li:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[lij:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[lmo:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[lo:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[lt:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[lv:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[map-bms:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[mg:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[mh:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[mi:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[mk:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ml:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[mn:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[mo:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[mr:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ms:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[mt:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[mus:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[my:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[na:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[nah:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[nap:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[nds:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[nds-nl:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ne:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ng:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[nl:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[nn:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[no:User:Jhs]] [[nrm:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[nv:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ny:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[oc:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[om:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[or:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[os:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[pa:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[pam:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[pap:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[pdc:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[pi:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[pih:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[pl:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[pms:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ps:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[pt:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[qu:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[rm:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[rmy:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[rn:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ro:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[roa-rup:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ru:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[rw:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sa:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sc:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[scn:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sco:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sd:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[se:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sg:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sh:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[si:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[simple:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sk:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sl:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sm:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sn:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[so:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sq:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sr:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ss:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[st:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[su:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sv:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sw:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ta:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[te:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[tet:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[tg:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[th:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ti:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[tk:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[tl:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[tn:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[to:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[tpi:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[tr:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ts:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[tt:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[tum:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[tw:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ty:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[udm:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ug:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[uk:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ur:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[uz:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ve:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[vec:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[vi:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[vls:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[vo:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[wa:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[war:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[wo:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[xal:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[xh:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[yi:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[yo:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[za:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[zh:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[zh-min-nan:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[zh-yue:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[zu:User:Jon Harald Søby]] User talk:Jon Harald Søby 2230 7955 2006-04-04T09:31:33Z Bombo 12 Mbɔtɛ '''Mbɔtɛ''' (or welcome) to the Lingála Wikipedia, Jon Harald. At the moment, there is not a lot aof activities. I am glad, your are probably the first steward here. The administrators [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] and Bombo speak both English an French, Moyogo also Spanish. Thank you to be member of the Lingála Wikipedia and good luck! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:31, 4 avril 2006 (UTC) 7956 2006-04-04T14:15:17Z Jon Harald Søby 63 '''Mbɔtɛ''' (or welcome) to the Lingála Wikipedia, Jon Harald. At the moment, there is not a lot aof activities. I am glad, your are probably the first steward here. The administrators [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] and Bombo speak both English an French, Moyogo also Spanish. Thank you to be member of the Lingála Wikipedia and good luck! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:31, 4 avril 2006 (UTC) :Thank you for your welcome, Bombo! <tt>=)</tt> [[User:Jon Harald Søby|Jon Harald Søby]] 14:15, 4 avril 2006 (UTC) User:Kkkdc 2231 7979 2006-04-08T19:16:01Z Kkkdc 64 {{babel-3|ja|en-1|ln-0}}<big>'''[[:ja:User:Kkkdc]]'''</big> <span lang="en">If you have the message to me, please write it in Japanese [[:ja:利用者‐会話:Kkkdc|TalkPage]].</span> Sánzá ya mínei 2232 7980 2006-04-10T10:30:01Z 85.27.31.227 + {{sánzá}} {{Sánzá ya zómi na mínei}} 7981 2006-04-10T10:47:22Z 85.27.31.227 {{sánzá}} {{Sánzá ya mínei}} 9903 2006-11-30T01:20:02Z Moyogo 11 {{Sánzá ya mínei}} '''Sánza ya mínei''', tǒ ''apríli'' ezalí [[sánzá (ntángo)|sánzá]] ya mínei o [[manáka]]. Ezalí na [[mokɔlɔ|mikɔlɔ]] ntúku misáto (30). {{sánzá}} [[en:April]] [[fr:avril]] Template:Sánzá ya mínei 2233 7982 2006-04-10T10:47:43Z 85.27.31.227 {| class="WSerieV" id="WSánzáya4" align="right" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom : 2em" |- | {| rules="all" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px" |- bgcolor="#ddffdd" | colspan="7" align="center" | [[Sánzá ya mísáto|←]] '''[[Sánzá ya mínei|Sánzá ya <br/>mínei]]''' [[Sánzá ya mítano|→]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mokɔlɔ 1|1]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 2|2]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 3|3]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 4|4]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 5|5]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 6|6]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 7|7]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 8|8]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 9|9]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 10|10]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 11|11]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 12|12]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 13|13]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 14|14]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 15|15]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 16|16]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 17|17]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 18|18]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 19|19]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 20|20]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 21|21]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 22|22]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 23|23]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 24|24]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 25|25]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 26|26]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 27|27]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 28|28]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 29|29]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 30|30]] |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |} |- | <!-- {{némort}} --> |} 7995 2006-04-10T11:07:48Z 85.27.31.227 {| class="WSerieV" id="WSánzáya4" align="right" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom : 2em" |- | {| rules="all" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px" |- bgcolor="#ddffdd" | colspan="7" align="center" | [[Sánzá ya mísáto|←]] '''[[Sánzá ya mínei|Sánzá ya <br/>mínei]]''' [[Sánzá ya mítáno|→]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mokɔlɔ 1|1]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 2|2]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 3|3]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 4|4]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 5|5]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 6|6]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 7|7]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 8|8]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 9|9]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 10|10]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 11|11]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 12|12]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 13|13]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 14|14]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 15|15]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 16|16]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 17|17]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 18|18]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 19|19]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 20|20]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 21|21]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 22|22]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 23|23]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 24|24]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 25|25]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 26|26]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 27|27]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 28|28]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 29|29]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mínei mikɔlɔ 30|30]] |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |} |- | <!-- {{némort}} --> |} Sánzá ya yambo 2234 7984 2006-04-10T10:54:51Z 85.27.31.227 {{sánzá}} {{Sánzá ya yambo}} 8829 2006-07-12T10:16:31Z Moyogo 11 {{Sánzá ya yambo}} '''Sánza ya yambo''', tǒ ''yanuari'' ezalí [[sánzá (ntángo)|sánzá]] ya mɔ̌kɔ́ o [[mánaka]]. Ezalí na [[mokɔlɔ|mikɔlɔ]] ntúku misáto na mɔ̌kɔ́ (31). Mokɔlɔ ya yambo o sánzá ya yambo ezalí mokɔlɔ ya ''Bónaná elámu''. {{sánzá}} [[af:Januarie]] [[ang:Æfterra Gēola]] [[ar:يناير]] [[an:Chinero]] [[ast:Xineru]] [[be:Студзень]] [[bs:Januar]] [[br:Genver]] [[bg:Януари]] [[ca:Gener]] [[cv:Кăрлач]] [[cs:Leden]] [[co:Ghjennaghju]] [[cy:Ionawr]] [[da:Januar]] [[de:Januar]] [[et:Jaanuar]] [[el:Ιανουάριος]] [[en:January]] [[es:Enero]] [[eo:Januaro]] [[eu:Urtarril]] [[fa:ژانویه]] [[fo:Januar]] [[fr:Janvier]] [[fy:Jannewaris]] [[fur:Zenâr]] [[ga:Eanáir]] [[gl:Xaneiro]] [[ko:1월]] [[hr:Siječanj]] [[io:Januaro]] [[ilo:Enero]] [[id:Januari]] [[ia:Januario]] [[ie:Januar]] [[is:Janúar]] [[it:Gennaio]] [[he:ינואר]] [[jv:Januari]] [[kn:ಜನವರಿ]] [[ka:იანვარი]] [[csb:Stëcznik]] [[kw:Mys Genver]] [[ku:Rêbendan]] [[la:Ianuarius]] [[lv:Janvāris]] [[lb:Januar]] [[lt:Sausis]] [[li:Jannewarie]] [[hu:Január]] [[mi:Kohi-tātea]] [[mr:जानेवारी]] [[ms:Januari]] [[nl:Januari]] [[ja:1月]] [[nap:Jennaro]] [[no:Januar]] [[nn:Januar]] [[nrm:Janvyi]] [[oc:Genièr]] [[pl:Styczeń]] [[pt:Janeiro]] [[ro:Ianuarie]] [[ru:Январь]] [[se:Ođđajagimánnu]] [[sc:Ghennarzu]] [[sco:Januar]] [[sq:Janari]] [[scn:Jinnaru]] [[sk:Január]] [[sl:Januar]] [[sr:Јануар]] [[su:Januari]] [[fi:Tammikuu]] [[sv:Januari]] [[tl:Enero]] [[ta:ஜனவரி]] [[tt:Ğínwar]] [[te:జనవరి]] [[th:มกราคม]] [[vi:Tháng một]] [[tpi:Janueri]] [[tr:Ocak]] [[uk:Січень]] [[ur:جنوری]] [[vo:Yanul]] [[wa:Djanvî]] [[zh:1月]] 9063 2006-08-02T06:42:42Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: als, az, frp, gd, nds-nl, simple, zh-yue {{Sánzá ya yambo}} '''Sánza ya yambo''', tǒ ''yanuari'' ezalí [[sánzá (ntángo)|sánzá]] ya mɔ̌kɔ́ o [[mánaka]]. Ezalí na [[mokɔlɔ|mikɔlɔ]] ntúku misáto na mɔ̌kɔ́ (31). Mokɔlɔ ya yambo o sánzá ya yambo ezalí mokɔlɔ ya ''Bónaná elámu''. {{sánzá}} [[af:Januarie]] [[als:Januar]] [[an:Chinero]] [[ang:Æfterra Gēola]] [[ar:يناير]] [[ast:Xineru]] [[az:Yanvar]] [[be:Студзень]] [[bg:Януари]] [[br:Genver]] [[bs:Januar]] [[ca:Gener]] [[co:Ghjennaghju]] [[cs:Leden]] [[csb:Stëcznik]] [[cv:Кăрлач]] [[cy:Ionawr]] [[da:Januar]] [[de:Januar]] [[el:Ιανουάριος]] [[en:January]] [[eo:Januaro]] [[es:Enero]] [[et:Jaanuar]] [[eu:Urtarril]] [[fa:ژانویه]] [[fi:Tammikuu]] [[fo:Januar]] [[fr:Janvier]] [[frp:Janviér]] [[fur:Zenâr]] [[fy:Jannewaris]] [[ga:Eanáir]] [[gd:Am Faoilleach]] [[gl:Xaneiro]] [[he:ינואר]] [[hr:Siječanj]] [[hu:Január]] [[ia:Januario]] [[id:Januari]] [[ie:Januar]] [[ilo:Enero]] [[io:Januaro]] [[is:Janúar]] [[it:Gennaio]] [[ja:1月]] [[jv:Januari]] [[ka:იანვარი]] [[kn:ಜನವರಿ]] [[ko:1월]] [[ku:Rêbendan]] [[kw:Mys Genver]] [[la:Ianuarius]] [[lb:Januar]] [[li:Jannewarie]] [[lt:Sausis]] [[lv:Janvāris]] [[mi:Kohi-tātea]] [[mr:जानेवारी]] [[ms:Januari]] [[nap:Jennaro]] [[nds-nl:Jannewaori]] [[nl:Januari]] [[nn:Januar]] [[no:Januar]] [[nrm:Janvyi]] [[oc:Genièr]] [[pl:Styczeń]] [[pt:Janeiro]] [[ro:Ianuarie]] [[ru:Январь]] [[sc:Ghennarzu]] [[scn:Jinnaru]] [[sco:Januar]] [[se:Ođđajagimánnu]] [[simple:January]] [[sk:Január]] [[sl:Januar]] [[sq:Janari]] [[sr:Јануар]] [[su:Januari]] [[sv:Januari]] [[ta:ஜனவரி]] [[te:జనవరి]] [[th:มกราคม]] [[tl:Enero]] [[tpi:Janueri]] [[tr:Ocak]] [[tt:Ğínwar]] [[uk:Січень]] [[ur:جنوری]] [[vi:Tháng một]] [[vo:Yanul]] [[wa:Djanvî]] [[zh:1月]] [[zh-yue:1月]] 9409 2006-10-03T17:00:32Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: [[bat-smg:Sausis]], [[sw:Januari]] {{Sánzá ya yambo}} '''Sánza ya yambo''', tǒ ''yanuari'' ezalí [[sánzá (ntángo)|sánzá]] ya mɔ̌kɔ́ o [[mánaka]]. Ezalí na [[mokɔlɔ|mikɔlɔ]] ntúku misáto na mɔ̌kɔ́ (31). Mokɔlɔ ya yambo o sánzá ya yambo ezalí mokɔlɔ ya ''Bónaná elámu''. {{sánzá}} [[af:Januarie]] [[als:Januar]] [[an:Chinero]] [[ang:Æfterra Gēola]] [[ar:يناير]] [[ast:Xineru]] [[az:Yanvar]] [[bat-smg:Sausis]] [[be:Студзень]] [[bg:Януари]] [[br:Genver]] [[bs:Januar]] [[ca:Gener]] [[co:Ghjennaghju]] [[cs:Leden]] [[csb:Stëcznik]] [[cv:Кăрлач]] [[cy:Ionawr]] [[da:Januar]] [[de:Januar]] [[el:Ιανουάριος]] [[en:January]] [[eo:Januaro]] [[es:Enero]] [[et:Jaanuar]] [[eu:Urtarril]] [[fa:ژانویه]] [[fi:Tammikuu]] [[fo:Januar]] [[fr:Janvier]] [[frp:Janviér]] [[fur:Zenâr]] [[fy:Jannewaris]] [[ga:Eanáir]] [[gd:Am Faoilleach]] [[gl:Xaneiro]] [[he:ינואר]] [[hr:Siječanj]] [[hu:Január]] [[ia:Januario]] [[id:Januari]] [[ie:Januar]] [[ilo:Enero]] [[io:Januaro]] [[is:Janúar]] [[it:Gennaio]] [[ja:1月]] [[jv:Januari]] [[ka:იანვარი]] [[kn:ಜನವರಿ]] [[ko:1월]] [[ku:Rêbendan]] [[kw:Mys Genver]] [[la:Ianuarius]] [[lb:Januar]] [[li:Jannewarie]] [[lt:Sausis]] [[lv:Janvāris]] [[mi:Kohi-tātea]] [[mr:जानेवारी]] [[ms:Januari]] [[nap:Jennaro]] [[nds-nl:Jannewaori]] [[nl:Januari]] [[nn:Januar]] [[no:Januar]] [[nrm:Janvyi]] [[oc:Genièr]] [[pl:Styczeń]] [[pt:Janeiro]] [[ro:Ianuarie]] [[ru:Январь]] [[sc:Ghennarzu]] [[scn:Jinnaru]] [[sco:Januar]] [[se:Ođđajagimánnu]] [[simple:January]] [[sk:Január]] [[sl:Januar]] [[sq:Janari]] [[sr:Јануар]] [[su:Januari]] [[sv:Januari]] [[sw:Januari]] [[ta:ஜனவரி]] [[te:జనవరి]] [[th:มกราคม]] [[tl:Enero]] [[tpi:Janueri]] [[tr:Ocak]] [[tt:Ğínwar]] [[uk:Січень]] [[ur:جنوری]] [[vi:Tháng một]] [[vo:Yanul]] [[wa:Djanvî]] [[zh:1月]] [[zh-yue:1月]] 9673 2006-11-09T09:47:30Z JAnDbot 85 robot Ajoute: [[mg:Janoary]], [[nov:Januare]], [[ru-sib:Сечень]] {{Sánzá ya yambo}} '''Sánza ya yambo''', tǒ ''yanuari'' ezalí [[sánzá (ntángo)|sánzá]] ya mɔ̌kɔ́ o [[mánaka]]. Ezalí na [[mokɔlɔ|mikɔlɔ]] ntúku misáto na mɔ̌kɔ́ (31). Mokɔlɔ ya yambo o sánzá ya yambo ezalí mokɔlɔ ya ''Bónaná elámu''. {{sánzá}} [[af:Januarie]] [[als:Januar]] [[an:Chinero]] [[ang:Æfterra Gēola]] [[ar:يناير]] [[ast:Xineru]] [[az:Yanvar]] [[bat-smg:Sausis]] [[be:Студзень]] [[bg:Януари]] [[br:Genver]] [[bs:Januar]] [[ca:Gener]] [[co:Ghjennaghju]] [[cs:Leden]] [[csb:Stëcznik]] [[cv:Кăрлач]] [[cy:Ionawr]] [[da:Januar]] [[de:Januar]] [[el:Ιανουάριος]] [[en:January]] [[eo:Januaro]] [[es:Enero]] [[et:Jaanuar]] [[eu:Urtarril]] [[fa:ژانویه]] [[fi:Tammikuu]] [[fo:Januar]] [[fr:Janvier]] [[frp:Janviér]] [[fur:Zenâr]] [[fy:Jannewaris]] [[ga:Eanáir]] [[gd:Am Faoilleach]] [[gl:Xaneiro]] [[he:ינואר]] [[hr:Siječanj]] [[hu:Január]] [[ia:Januario]] [[id:Januari]] [[ie:Januar]] [[ilo:Enero]] [[io:Januaro]] [[is:Janúar]] [[it:Gennaio]] [[ja:1月]] [[jv:Januari]] [[ka:იანვარი]] [[kn:ಜನವರಿ]] [[ko:1월]] [[ku:Rêbendan]] [[kw:Mys Genver]] [[la:Ianuarius]] [[lb:Januar]] [[li:Jannewarie]] [[lt:Sausis]] [[lv:Janvāris]] [[mg:Janoary]] [[mi:Kohi-tātea]] [[mr:जानेवारी]] [[ms:Januari]] [[nap:Jennaro]] [[nds-nl:Jannewaori]] [[nl:Januari]] [[nn:Januar]] [[no:Januar]] [[nov:Januare]] [[nrm:Janvyi]] [[oc:Genièr]] [[pl:Styczeń]] [[pt:Janeiro]] [[ro:Ianuarie]] [[ru:Январь]] [[ru-sib:Сечень]] [[sc:Ghennarzu]] [[scn:Jinnaru]] [[sco:Januar]] [[se:Ođđajagimánnu]] [[simple:January]] [[sk:Január]] [[sl:Januar]] [[sq:Janari]] [[sr:Јануар]] [[su:Januari]] [[sv:Januari]] [[sw:Januari]] [[ta:ஜனவரி]] [[te:జనవరి]] [[th:มกราคม]] [[tl:Enero]] [[tpi:Janueri]] [[tr:Ocak]] [[tt:Ğínwar]] [[uk:Січень]] [[ur:جنوری]] [[vi:Tháng một]] [[vo:Yanul]] [[wa:Djanvî]] [[zh:1月]] [[zh-yue:1月]] 9911 2006-11-30T01:33:55Z Moyogo 11 {{Sánzá ya yambo}} '''Sánza ya yambo''', tǒ ''yanuari'' ezalí [[sánzá (ntángo)|sánzá]] ya mɔ̌kɔ́ o [[manáka]]. Ezalí na [[mokɔlɔ|mikɔlɔ]] ntúku misáto na mɔ̌kɔ́ (31). Mokɔlɔ ya yambo o sánzá ya yambo ezalí mokɔlɔ ya ''Bónaná elámu''. {{sánzá}} [[af:Januarie]] [[als:Januar]] [[an:Chinero]] [[ang:Æfterra Gēola]] [[ar:يناير]] [[ast:Xineru]] [[az:Yanvar]] [[bat-smg:Sausis]] [[be:Студзень]] [[bg:Януари]] [[br:Genver]] [[bs:Januar]] [[ca:Gener]] [[co:Ghjennaghju]] [[cs:Leden]] [[csb:Stëcznik]] [[cv:Кăрлач]] [[cy:Ionawr]] [[da:Januar]] [[de:Januar]] [[el:Ιανουάριος]] [[en:January]] [[eo:Januaro]] [[es:Enero]] [[et:Jaanuar]] [[eu:Urtarril]] [[fa:ژانویه]] [[fi:Tammikuu]] [[fo:Januar]] [[fr:Janvier]] [[frp:Janviér]] [[fur:Zenâr]] [[fy:Jannewaris]] [[ga:Eanáir]] [[gd:Am Faoilleach]] [[gl:Xaneiro]] [[he:ינואר]] [[hr:Siječanj]] [[hu:Január]] [[ia:Januario]] [[id:Januari]] [[ie:Januar]] [[ilo:Enero]] [[io:Januaro]] [[is:Janúar]] [[it:Gennaio]] [[ja:1月]] [[jv:Januari]] [[ka:იანვარი]] [[kn:ಜನವರಿ]] [[ko:1월]] [[ku:Rêbendan]] [[kw:Mys Genver]] [[la:Ianuarius]] [[lb:Januar]] [[li:Jannewarie]] [[lt:Sausis]] [[lv:Janvāris]] [[mg:Janoary]] [[mi:Kohi-tātea]] [[mr:जानेवारी]] [[ms:Januari]] [[nap:Jennaro]] [[nds-nl:Jannewaori]] [[nl:Januari]] [[nn:Januar]] [[no:Januar]] [[nov:Januare]] [[nrm:Janvyi]] [[oc:Genièr]] [[pl:Styczeń]] [[pt:Janeiro]] [[ro:Ianuarie]] [[ru:Январь]] [[ru-sib:Сечень]] [[sc:Ghennarzu]] [[scn:Jinnaru]] [[sco:Januar]] [[se:Ođđajagimánnu]] [[simple:January]] [[sk:Január]] [[sl:Januar]] [[sq:Janari]] [[sr:Јануар]] [[su:Januari]] [[sv:Januari]] [[sw:Januari]] [[ta:ஜனவரி]] [[te:జనవరి]] [[th:มกราคม]] [[tl:Enero]] [[tpi:Janueri]] [[tr:Ocak]] [[tt:Ğínwar]] [[uk:Січень]] [[ur:جنوری]] [[vi:Tháng một]] [[vo:Yanul]] [[wa:Djanvî]] [[zh:1月]] [[zh-yue:1月]] 9973 2006-12-15T00:50:16Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[qu:Qhulla puquy killa]] {{Sánzá ya yambo}} '''Sánza ya yambo''', tǒ ''yanuari'' ezalí [[sánzá (ntángo)|sánzá]] ya mɔ̌kɔ́ o [[manáka]]. Ezalí na [[mokɔlɔ|mikɔlɔ]] ntúku misáto na mɔ̌kɔ́ (31). Mokɔlɔ ya yambo o sánzá ya yambo ezalí mokɔlɔ ya ''Bónaná elámu''. {{sánzá}} [[af:Januarie]] [[als:Januar]] [[an:Chinero]] [[ang:Æfterra Gēola]] [[ar:يناير]] [[ast:Xineru]] [[az:Yanvar]] [[bat-smg:Sausis]] [[be:Студзень]] [[bg:Януари]] [[br:Genver]] [[bs:Januar]] [[ca:Gener]] [[co:Ghjennaghju]] [[cs:Leden]] [[csb:Stëcznik]] [[cv:Кăрлач]] [[cy:Ionawr]] [[da:Januar]] [[de:Januar]] [[el:Ιανουάριος]] [[en:January]] [[eo:Januaro]] [[es:Enero]] [[et:Jaanuar]] [[eu:Urtarril]] [[fa:ژانویه]] [[fi:Tammikuu]] [[fo:Januar]] [[fr:Janvier]] [[frp:Janviér]] [[fur:Zenâr]] [[fy:Jannewaris]] [[ga:Eanáir]] [[gd:Am Faoilleach]] [[gl:Xaneiro]] [[he:ינואר]] [[hr:Siječanj]] [[hu:Január]] [[ia:Januario]] [[id:Januari]] [[ie:Januar]] [[ilo:Enero]] [[io:Januaro]] [[is:Janúar]] [[it:Gennaio]] [[ja:1月]] [[jv:Januari]] [[ka:იანვარი]] [[kn:ಜನವರಿ]] [[ko:1월]] [[ku:Rêbendan]] [[kw:Mys Genver]] [[la:Ianuarius]] [[lb:Januar]] [[li:Jannewarie]] [[lt:Sausis]] [[lv:Janvāris]] [[mg:Janoary]] [[mi:Kohi-tātea]] [[mr:जानेवारी]] [[ms:Januari]] [[nap:Jennaro]] [[nds-nl:Jannewaori]] [[nl:Januari]] [[nn:Januar]] [[no:Januar]] [[nov:Januare]] [[nrm:Janvyi]] [[oc:Genièr]] [[pl:Styczeń]] [[pt:Janeiro]] [[qu:Qhulla puquy killa]] [[ro:Ianuarie]] [[ru:Январь]] [[ru-sib:Сечень]] [[sc:Ghennarzu]] [[scn:Jinnaru]] [[sco:Januar]] [[se:Ođđajagimánnu]] [[simple:January]] [[sk:Január]] [[sl:Januar]] [[sq:Janari]] [[sr:Јануар]] [[su:Januari]] [[sv:Januari]] [[sw:Januari]] [[ta:ஜனவரி]] [[te:జనవరి]] [[th:มกราคม]] [[tl:Enero]] [[tpi:Janueri]] [[tr:Ocak]] [[tt:Ğínwar]] [[uk:Січень]] [[ur:جنوری]] [[vi:Tháng một]] [[vo:Yanul]] [[wa:Djanvî]] [[zh:1月]] [[zh-yue:1月]] Template:Sánzá ya yambo 2235 7985 2006-04-10T10:55:07Z 85.27.31.227 {| class="WSerieV" id="WSánzáya01" align="right" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom : 2em" |- | {| rules="all" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px" |- bgcolor="#ddffdd" | colspan="7" align="center" | [[Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé|←]] '''[[Sánzá ya yambo|Sánzá ya <br/>yambo]]''' [[Sánzá ya mibalé|→]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mokɔlɔ 1|1{{er}}]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 2|2]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 3|3]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 4|4]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 5|5]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 6|6]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 7|7]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 8|8]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 9|9]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 10|10]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 11|11]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 12|12]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 13|13]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 14|14]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 15|15]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 16|16]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 17|17]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 18|18]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 19|19]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 20|20]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 21|21]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 22|22]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 23|23]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 24|24]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 25|25]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 26|26]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 27|27]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 28|28]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 29|29]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 30|30]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 31|31]] |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |} |- | <!-- {{némort}} --> |} 7986 2006-04-10T10:55:25Z 85.27.31.227 {| class="WSerieV" id="WSánzáya01" align="right" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom : 2em" |- | {| rules="all" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px" |- bgcolor="#ddffdd" | colspan="7" align="center" | [[Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé|←]] '''[[Sánzá ya yambo|Sánzá ya <br/>yambo]]''' [[Sánzá ya mibalé|→]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mokɔlɔ 1|1]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 2|2]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 3|3]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 4|4]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 5|5]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 6|6]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 7|7]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 8|8]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 9|9]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 10|10]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 11|11]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 12|12]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 13|13]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 14|14]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 15|15]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 16|16]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 17|17]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 18|18]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 19|19]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 20|20]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 21|21]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 22|22]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 23|23]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 24|24]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 25|25]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 26|26]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 27|27]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 28|28]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 29|29]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 30|30]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 31|31]] |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |} |- | <!-- {{némort}} --> |} 7987 2006-04-10T10:57:31Z 85.27.31.227 {| class="WSerieV" id="WSánzáya01" align="right" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom : 2em" |- | {| rules="all" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px" |- bgcolor="#ddffdd" | colspan="7" align="center" | [[Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé|←]] '''[[Sánzá ya yambo|Sánzá ya <br/>yambo]]''' [[Sánzá ya míbalé|→]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mokɔlɔ 1|1]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 2|2]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 3|3]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 4|4]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 5|5]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 6|6]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 7|7]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 8|8]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 9|9]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 10|10]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 11|11]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 12|12]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 13|13]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 14|14]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 15|15]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 16|16]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 17|17]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 18|18]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 19|19]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 20|20]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 21|21]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 22|22]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 23|23]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 24|24]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 25|25]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 26|26]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 27|27]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 28|28]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 29|29]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 30|30]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya yambo mikɔlɔ 31|31]] |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |} |- | <!-- {{némort}} --> |} Template:Sánzá ya míbalé 2236 7988 2006-04-10T11:00:42Z 85.27.31.227 {| class="WSerieV" id="WSánzáya2" align="right" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom : 2em" |- | {| rules="all" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px" |- bgcolor="#ddffdd" | colspan="7" align="center" | [[Sánzá ya yambo|←]] '''[[Sánzá ya míbalé|Sánzá ya <br/> míbalé]]''' [[Sánzá ya mísáto|→]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya míbalé mokɔlɔ 1|1]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya míbalé mikɔlɔ 2|2]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya míbalé mikɔlɔ 3|3]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya míbalé mikɔlɔ 4|4]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya míbalé mikɔlɔ 5|5]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya míbalé mikɔlɔ 6|6]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya míbalé mikɔlɔ 7|7]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya míbalé mikɔlɔ 8|8]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya míbalé mikɔlɔ 9|9]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya míbalé mikɔlɔ 10|10]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya míbalé mikɔlɔ 11|11]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya míbalé mikɔlɔ 12|12]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya míbalé mikɔlɔ 13|13]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya míbalé mikɔlɔ 14|14]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya míbalé mikɔlɔ 15|15]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya míbalé mikɔlɔ 16|16]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya míbalé mikɔlɔ 17|17]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya míbalé mikɔlɔ 18|18]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya míbalé mikɔlɔ 19|19]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya míbalé mikɔlɔ 20|20]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya míbalé mikɔlɔ 21|21]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya míbalé mikɔlɔ 22|22]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya míbalé mikɔlɔ 23|23]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya míbalé mikɔlɔ 24|24]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya míbalé mikɔlɔ 25|25]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya míbalé mikɔlɔ 26|26]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya míbalé mikɔlɔ 27|27]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya míbalé mikɔlɔ 28|28]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|([[Sánzá ya míbalé mikɔlɔ 29|29]]) |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |} |- | <!-- {{némort}} --> |} Sánzá ya míbalé 2237 7989 2006-04-10T11:01:01Z 85.27.31.227 {{sánzá}} {{sánzá ya míbalé}} 9494 2006-10-13T11:16:01Z Moyogo 11 '''Sánza ya míbalé''' ezalí [[sánzá (ntángo)|sánzá]] ya míbalé o [[mánaka]]. Ezalí na [[mokɔlɔ|mikɔlɔ]] ntúku míbalé na mwambe (28) tǒ na mikɔlɔ ntúku míbalé na libwá (29). {{sánzá ya míbalé}} {{sánzá}} 9901 2006-11-30T01:14:16Z Moyogo 11 '''Sánza ya míbalé''' ezalí [[sánzá (ntángo)|sánzá]] ya míbalé o [[mánaka]]. Ezalí na [[mokɔlɔ|mikɔlɔ]] ntúku míbalé na mwambe (28) tǒ na mikɔlɔ ntúku míbalé na libwá (29). {{sánzá ya míbalé}} {{sánzá}} [[en:February]] [[fr:février]] 9912 2006-11-30T01:34:04Z Moyogo 11 '''Sánza ya míbalé''' ezalí [[sánzá (ntángo)|sánzá]] ya míbalé o [[manáka]]. Ezalí na [[mokɔlɔ|mikɔlɔ]] ntúku míbalé na mwambe (28) tǒ na mikɔlɔ ntúku míbalé na libwá (29). {{sánzá ya míbalé}} {{sánzá}} [[en:February]] [[fr:février]] Sánzá ya mísáto 2238 7991 2006-04-10T11:01:59Z 85.27.31.227 {{sánzá}} {{sánzá ya mísáto}} 9902 2006-11-30T01:17:11Z Moyogo 11 {{sánzá ya mísáto}} '''Sánza ya mísáto''', tǒ ''mars'' ezalí [[sánzá (ntángo)|sánzá]] ya mísáto o [[manáka]]. Ezalí na [[mokɔlɔ|mikɔlɔ]] ntúku misáto na mɔ̌kɔ́ (31). {{sánzá}} [[en:Mars]] [[fr:mars]] Template:Sánzá ya mísáto 2239 7992 2006-04-10T11:04:17Z 85.27.31.227 {| class="WSerieV" id="WSánzáya03" align="right" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom : 2em" |- | {| rules="all" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px" |- bgcolor="#ddffdd" | colspan="7" align="center" | [[Sánzá ya míbalé|←]] '''[[Sánzá ya mísáto|Sánzá ya <br/>mísáto]]''' [[Sánzá ya mínéi|→]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mokɔlɔ 1|1]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 2|2]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 3|3]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 4|4]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 5|5]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 6|6]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 7|7]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 8|8]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 9|9]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 10|10]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 11|11]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 12|12]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 13|13]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 14|14]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 15|15]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 16|16]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 17|17]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 18|18]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 19|19]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 20|20]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 21|21]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 22|22]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 23|23]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 24|24]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 25|25]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 26|26]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 27|27]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 28|28]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 29|29]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 30|30]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 31|31]] |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |} |- | <!-- {{némort}} --> |} 7993 2006-04-10T11:05:56Z 85.27.31.227 {| class="WSerieV" id="WSánzáya03" align="right" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom : 2em" |- | {| rules="all" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px" |- bgcolor="#ddffdd" | colspan="7" align="center" | [[Sánzá ya míbalé|←]] '''[[Sánzá ya mísáto|Sánzá ya <br/>mísáto]]''' [[Sánzá ya mínei|→]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mokɔlɔ 1|1]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 2|2]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 3|3]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 4|4]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 5|5]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 6|6]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 7|7]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 8|8]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 9|9]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 10|10]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 11|11]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 12|12]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 13|13]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 14|14]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 15|15]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 16|16]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 17|17]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 18|18]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 19|19]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 20|20]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 21|21]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 22|22]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 23|23]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 24|24]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 25|25]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 26|26]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 27|27]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 28|28]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 29|29]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 30|30]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mísáto mikɔlɔ 31|31]] |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |} |- | <!-- {{némort}} --> |} Sánzá ya mítáno 2240 7996 2006-04-10T11:09:26Z 85.27.31.227 {{sánzá}} {{sánzá ya mítáno}} 9904 2006-11-30T01:24:20Z Moyogo 11 {{sánzá ya mítáno}} '''Sánza ya mítáno''' ezalí [[sánzá (ntángo)|sánzá]] ya mítáno o [[manáka]]. Ezalí na [[mokɔlɔ|mikɔlɔ]] ntúku misáto na mɔ̌kɔ́ (31). {{sánzá}} [[en:May]] [[fr:mai]] Template:Sánzá ya mítáno 2241 7997 2006-04-10T11:09:42Z 85.27.31.227 {| class="WSerieV" id="WSánzáya03" align="right" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom : 2em" |- | {| rules="all" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px" |- bgcolor="#ddffdd" | colspan="7" align="center" | [[Sánzá ya mínei|←]] '''[[Sánzá ya mítáno|Sánzá ya <br/>mítáno]]''' [[Sánzá ya motóbá|→]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mítáno mokɔlɔ 1|1]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mítáno mikɔlɔ 2|2]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mítáno mikɔlɔ 3|3]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mítáno mikɔlɔ 4|4]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mítáno mikɔlɔ 5|5]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mítáno mikɔlɔ 6|6]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mítáno mikɔlɔ 7|7]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mítáno mikɔlɔ 8|8]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mítáno mikɔlɔ 9|9]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mítáno mikɔlɔ 10|10]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mítáno mikɔlɔ 11|11]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mítáno mikɔlɔ 12|12]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mítáno mikɔlɔ 13|13]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mítáno mikɔlɔ 14|14]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mítáno mikɔlɔ 15|15]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mítáno mikɔlɔ 16|16]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mítáno mikɔlɔ 17|17]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mítáno mikɔlɔ 18|18]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mítáno mikɔlɔ 19|19]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mítáno mikɔlɔ 20|20]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mítáno mikɔlɔ 21|21]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mítáno mikɔlɔ 22|22]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mítáno mikɔlɔ 23|23]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mítáno mikɔlɔ 24|24]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mítáno mikɔlɔ 25|25]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mítáno mikɔlɔ 26|26]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mítáno mikɔlɔ 27|27]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mítáno mikɔlɔ 28|28]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mítáno mikɔlɔ 29|29]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mítáno mikɔlɔ 30|30]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mítáno mikɔlɔ 31|31]] |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |} |- | <!-- {{némort}} --> |} Sánzá ya motóbá 2242 7998 2006-04-10T11:10:23Z 85.27.31.227 {{sánzá}} {{sánzá ya motóbá}} Template:Sánzá ya motóbá 2243 7999 2006-04-10T11:12:08Z 85.27.31.227 {| class="WSerieV" id="WSánzáya06" align="right" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom : 2em" |- | {| rules="all" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px" |- bgcolor="#ddffdd" | colspan="7" align="center" | [[Sánzá ya mítáno|←]] '''[[Sánzá ya motóbá|Sánzá ya <br/>motóbá]]''' [[Sánzá ya sambo|→]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mokɔlɔ 1|1]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 2|2]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 3|3]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 4|4]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 5|5]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 6|6]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 7|7]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 8|8]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 9|9]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 10|10]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 11|11]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 12|12]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 13|13]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 14|14]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 15|15]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 16|16]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 17|17]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 18|18]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 19|19]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 20|20]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 21|21]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 22|22]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 23|23]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 24|24]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 25|25]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 26|26]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 27|27]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 28|28]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 29|29]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 30|30]] |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |} |- | <!-- {{némort}} --> |} 8800 2006-07-12T09:37:47Z Moyogo 11 {| class="WSerieV" id="WSánzáya06" align="right" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom : 2em" |- | {| rules="all" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px" |- bgcolor="#ddffdd" | colspan="7" align="center" | [[Sánzá ya mítáno|←]] '''[[Sánzá ya motóbá|Sánzá ya <br/>motóbá]]''' [[Sánzá ya nsambo|→]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mokɔlɔ 1|1]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 2|2]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 3|3]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 4|4]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 5|5]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 6|6]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 7|7]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 8|8]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 9|9]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 10|10]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 11|11]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 12|12]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 13|13]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 14|14]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 15|15]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 16|16]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 17|17]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 18|18]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 19|19]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 20|20]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 21|21]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 22|22]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 23|23]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 24|24]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 25|25]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 26|26]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 27|27]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 28|28]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 29|29]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 30|30]] |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |} |- | <!-- {{némort}} --> |} 8812 2006-07-12T09:47:52Z Moyogo 11 {| class="WSerieV" id="WSánzáya06" align="right" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom : 2em" |- | {| rules="all" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px" |- bgcolor="#ddffdd" | colspan="7" align="center" | [[Sánzá ya mítáno|←]] '''[[Sánzá ya motóbá|Sánzá ya <br/>motóbá]]''' [[Sánzá ya nsambo|→]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mokɔlɔ 1|1]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 2|2]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 3|3]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 4|4]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 5|5]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 6|6]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 7|7]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 8|8]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 9|9]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 10|10]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 11|11]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 12|12]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 13|13]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 14|14]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 15|15]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 16|16]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 17|17]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 18|18]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 19|19]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 20|20]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 21|21]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 22|22]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 23|23]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 24|24]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 25|25]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 26|26]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 27|27]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 28|28]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 29|29]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 30|30]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 31|31]] |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |} |- | <!-- {{némort}} --> |} 8813 2006-07-12T09:48:36Z Moyogo 11 {| class="WSerieV" id="WSánzáya06" align="right" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom : 2em" |- | {| rules="all" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px" |- bgcolor="#ddffdd" | colspan="7" align="center" | [[Sánzá ya mítáno|←]] '''[[Sánzá ya motóbá|Sánzá ya <br/>motóbá]]''' [[Sánzá ya nsambo|→]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mokɔlɔ 1|1]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 2|2]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 3|3]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 4|4]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 5|5]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 6|6]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 7|7]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 8|8]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 9|9]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 10|10]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 11|11]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 12|12]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 13|13]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 14|14]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 15|15]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 16|16]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 17|17]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 18|18]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 19|19]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 20|20]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 21|21]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 22|22]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 23|23]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 24|24]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 25|25]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 26|26]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 27|27]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 28|28]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 29|29]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 30|30]] |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |} |- | <!-- {{némort}} --> |} Template:User ln-4 2244 8027 2006-04-18T09:17:39Z 85.27.33.151 {{Babel field 1|letter code size=1.5em|text size=0.83em|letter code=ln| text=Moto óyo ayébí koloba '''[[:Category:User ln|lingála]]''' '''[[:Category:User ln-4|malámu mpenzá]]'''.}} <noinclude> [[en:Template:User ln-4]][[fr:Template:User ln-4]] </noinclude> 8029 2006-04-18T09:19:05Z 85.27.33.151 {{Babel field 4|letter code size=1.5em|text size=0.83em|letter code=ln| text=Moto óyo ayébí koloba '''[[:Category:User ln|lingála]]''' '''[[:Category:User ln-4|malámu mpenzá]]'''.}} <noinclude> [[en:Template:User ln-4]][[fr:Template:User ln-4]] </noinclude> Template:Babel field 4 2245 8028 2006-04-18T09:18:58Z 85.27.33.151 {{Babel field|color 1=#99B3FF|color 2=#E0E8FF|letter code size={{{letter code size}}}|text size={{{text size}}}|letter code='''{{{letter code}}}-4'''|text={{{text}}}}} [[Category:User {{{letter code}}}|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:User {{{letter code}}}-4|{{PAGENAME}}]] Category:User ln-4 2246 8031 2006-04-20T12:34:23Z Bombo 12 [[Category:User ln]] Category:Tatá-mokonzi 2247 8034 2006-04-20T12:43:55Z Bombo 12 [[Category:Politiki]] User:George McFinnigan 2248 8045 2006-04-22T22:10:14Z George McFinnigan 65 <big>Thou canst find me here: [[:es:Usuario:George McFinnigan]]</big> <center><big><big>La Asociación Cruppo Tomatone, en colaboración con la Campaña Anti-McFinnigan, hace un anuncio de <FONT color=red>URGENCIA</FONT></big> '''[http://www.elgranero.org GEORGE MCFINNIGAN ES ESPAÑOL].''' {|style="border: 1px solid #000000; background:#CCFF99;font-size:100%;" |Miembros de la Asociación tendieron una trampa a George McFinnigan para probar de manera definitiva que es un '''fraude''', que '''miente''', pues es '''español''' o al menos '''vive en España''', pero si no fuera español... '''¿por qué ha estado mintiendo sobre dónde vive?. Aquí está el proceso. Son pruebas '''irrefutables''': *Creamos '''varias cuentas''' en '''varias Wikipedias''' (rusa, alemana, italiana, portuguesa, etc) con el nombre de '''George McFinnigan''' para llamar su atención. En la '''portuguesa''' ya tenía cuenta, así que el nombre fue '''Georg McFinnigan'''. *Una vez que lo descubrió el "irlandés", '''blanqueó todas las páginas'''', pues habíamos añadido '''interwikies'''. *Aquí viene lo interesante: en las Wikipedias donde no '''tenía cuenta usó su IP'''. :*Se puede comprobar aquí: ::*[http://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA:George_McFinnigan&action=history Reversión en Wikipedia Rusa] ::*[http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benutzer:George_McFinnigan&action=history Reversión en Wikipedia Alemana] :*Pero sí tenía, como ya dijimos, cuenta en la '''portuguesa'''; '''obsérvese la fecha y hora'''. Es el mismo usuario. '''Es prueba irrefutable que esa IP pertenece a George McFinnigan'''. ::*[http://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Usu%C3%A1rio:Georg_McFinnigan&action=history Reversión en Wikipedia portuguesa con su cuenta. Georg McFinnigan es un Asociado, George McFinnigan es el "verdadero" (¡por decir algo!) Finnigan] *Como puede observarse en aquellas wikipedias donde no tenía cuenta, '''su IP''' era: 83.38.241.19 *La IP pertenece a Telefónica, Granada. George McFinnigan reside en Granada, es español, como '''habíamos denunciado''', es un radical y su fobia a lo catalán y vasco se explica si es '''español''', pero no si es '''irlandés en un pueblo perdido'''. :*Aquí está la prueba de las comprobaciones: http://www.hostip.info/index.html Interactive IP Address Map Granada, SPAIN IP found in 0.0029 seconds *http://www.ip2location.com/free.asp IP Address Country (Short) Country (Full) Flag Region City ISP Map 83.38.241.19 ES SPAIN ANDALUCIA GRANADA TELEFONICA DE ESPANA *George McFinnigan '''afirmó en la Wikipedia en inglés [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:George_McFinnigan#S.C3.AD_soy_espa.C3.B1ol que estas páginas fallan porque comprobó que las IPs vandálicas eran de Alemania]. Eso es correcto, las IPs que vandalizaron eran de '''Alemania, Canadá, EEUU, etc'''. No se necesita saber demasiado de '''informática o Internet''' para saber el por qué. El sistema es el correcto. Además, y si vemos la edición actual de su Página de Usuario (a 19 de febrero, 19:53, si lo cambia a raíz de esto, queda contancia) no ha hecho la única defensa que podría haber hecho, y es que podría haber dicho (cosa falsa, pero podría haberlo usado) que él no revirtió nada en la Wikipedia Rusa o Alemana. Al contrario, no niega que esa IP no sea suya, sólo dice que nuestro '''método para descubrirlo puede fallar'''. Demostramos que no abajo en el siguiente punto, y esto demustra que esa IP es suya, y al ser suya, toda su '''farsa ha quedado probada''': *Aún así, y para despejar más dudas ante los pobres argumentos de un usuario que '''se ha visto desenmascarado y derrotado''', he aquí un ''[http://www.ripe.net/whois?form_type=simple&full_query_string=&searchtext=83.38.241.19&do_search=Search whois de la IP en cuestión]''. El rango de IPs entre '''83.37.0.0 y 83.39.255.255''' pertenece a '''[[Telefónica]] España, esto es, está en [[España]]'''. *<big>Finnigan es un fraude, como hemos demostrado. Las sospechas de muchos usuarios se han demostrado fundadas. </big> *¿Qué pondrá de excusa ahora, después de haber puesto otras? Cuando está ya demostrado al '''100% que está en españa''', ¿qué dirá? ¿Que estaba de vacaciones? ¿Y por qué no lo dijo antes? *He aquí la respuesta a todo: George McFinnigan es un fraude, ha engañado a casi todos, salvo a un grupo de usuarios que decidió luchar por una Wikipedia más justa para todos. ---- <big>'''ANEXO'''</big> Esto explica varias cosas: *No tenía cuenta en la '''Wikipedia Inglesa''', su idioma teóricamente '''nativo'''; la cuenta que existe '''pertenece a uno de los miembros asociados'''. '''Sí tenía sin embargo cuenta en la Wikipedia Portuguesa'''. *Su nivel de castellano coloquial y '''ACTUAL''', con expresiones como '''me la suda''' que le hemos visto, y conociendo connotaciones muy '''concretas restringidas a España''' como las diferencias políticas entre '''Vasco, euskera o vascuence'''. *Se registró el '''28 de octubre de 2005'''. '''11 días después''', sin apenas haber contribuido en nada, da la '''[http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Usuario_Discusi%C3%B3n:Reinoa&action=history primera bienvenida a un Usuario]'''. Un usuario que lleva 11 días en Wikipedia... ¿de verdad, si es realmente nuevo, se mostrará con la ''autoridad'' para dar la '''Bienvenida'''? Se puede ver sometido a un aluvión de preguntas por parte del otro usuario, y un usuario inexperto no sabría. Es muy ilógico todo, dar la '''bienvenida''' a un usuario sin apenas llevar uno mismo '''50 contribuciones'''. *De aquí deducimos que es posible que el usuario sea un '''[http://www.elgranero.org fraude por parte de otro usuario más antiguo que, por cualesquiera motivos, decidió cambiar su identidad]'''. |} == Enlaces externos == *[http://www.elgranero.org El Granero] *[http://www.elgranero.org] *http://www.elgranero.org *[http://www.elgranero.org Mi página web sobre:] *[http://www.elgranero.org Lingüística], *[http://www.elgranero.org Inglés] *[http://www.elgranero.org Alemán] *[http://cheats.elgranero.org Ruso] *[http://www.elgranero.org Irlanda] *[http://www.elgranero.org We like them cows] *[http://www.elgranero.org whiskey] *[http://www.elgranero.org Seamus O'Hara] [[es:Usuario:George McFinnigan]] [[simple:User:George McFinnigan]] [[de:Benutzer:George McFinnigan]] [[ru:%D0%A3%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA:George_McFinnigan]] [[fr:Utilisateur:George McFinnigan]] [[ca:Usuari:George McFinnigan]] [[pt:Usuário:Georg McFinnigan]] [[eu:Lankide:George McFinnigan]] [[it:Utente:George McFinnigan]] [[la:Usor:George McFinnigan]] [[eo:Vikipediisto:George McFinnigan]] 8048 2006-04-24T10:35:01Z Bombo 12 Lingála tɛ́ - vandalisme? [[Template:Lingála tɛ́]] <big>Thou canst find me here: [[:es:Usuario:George McFinnigan]]</big> <center><big><big>La Asociación Cruppo Tomatone, en colaboración con la Campaña Anti-McFinnigan, hace un anuncio de <FONT color=red>URGENCIA</FONT></big> '''[http://www.elgranero.org GEORGE MCFINNIGAN ES ESPAÑOL].''' {|style="border: 1px solid #000000; background:#CCFF99;font-size:100%;" |Miembros de la Asociación tendieron una trampa a George McFinnigan para probar de manera definitiva que es un '''fraude''', que '''miente''', pues es '''español''' o al menos '''vive en España''', pero si no fuera español... '''¿por qué ha estado mintiendo sobre dónde vive?. Aquí está el proceso. Son pruebas '''irrefutables''': *Creamos '''varias cuentas''' en '''varias Wikipedias''' (rusa, alemana, italiana, portuguesa, etc) con el nombre de '''George McFinnigan''' para llamar su atención. En la '''portuguesa''' ya tenía cuenta, así que el nombre fue '''Georg McFinnigan'''. *Una vez que lo descubrió el "irlandés", '''blanqueó todas las páginas'''', pues habíamos añadido '''interwikies'''. *Aquí viene lo interesante: en las Wikipedias donde no '''tenía cuenta usó su IP'''. :*Se puede comprobar aquí: ::*[http://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA:George_McFinnigan&action=history Reversión en Wikipedia Rusa] ::*[http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benutzer:George_McFinnigan&action=history Reversión en Wikipedia Alemana] :*Pero sí tenía, como ya dijimos, cuenta en la '''portuguesa'''; '''obsérvese la fecha y hora'''. Es el mismo usuario. '''Es prueba irrefutable que esa IP pertenece a George McFinnigan'''. ::*[http://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Usu%C3%A1rio:Georg_McFinnigan&action=history Reversión en Wikipedia portuguesa con su cuenta. Georg McFinnigan es un Asociado, George McFinnigan es el "verdadero" (¡por decir algo!) Finnigan] *Como puede observarse en aquellas wikipedias donde no tenía cuenta, '''su IP''' era: 83.38.241.19 *La IP pertenece a Telefónica, Granada. George McFinnigan reside en Granada, es español, como '''habíamos denunciado''', es un radical y su fobia a lo catalán y vasco se explica si es '''español''', pero no si es '''irlandés en un pueblo perdido'''. :*Aquí está la prueba de las comprobaciones: http://www.hostip.info/index.html Interactive IP Address Map Granada, SPAIN IP found in 0.0029 seconds *http://www.ip2location.com/free.asp IP Address Country (Short) Country (Full) Flag Region City ISP Map 83.38.241.19 ES SPAIN ANDALUCIA GRANADA TELEFONICA DE ESPANA *George McFinnigan '''afirmó en la Wikipedia en inglés [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:George_McFinnigan#S.C3.AD_soy_espa.C3.B1ol que estas páginas fallan porque comprobó que las IPs vandálicas eran de Alemania]. Eso es correcto, las IPs que vandalizaron eran de '''Alemania, Canadá, EEUU, etc'''. No se necesita saber demasiado de '''informática o Internet''' para saber el por qué. El sistema es el correcto. Además, y si vemos la edición actual de su Página de Usuario (a 19 de febrero, 19:53, si lo cambia a raíz de esto, queda contancia) no ha hecho la única defensa que podría haber hecho, y es que podría haber dicho (cosa falsa, pero podría haberlo usado) que él no revirtió nada en la Wikipedia Rusa o Alemana. Al contrario, no niega que esa IP no sea suya, sólo dice que nuestro '''método para descubrirlo puede fallar'''. Demostramos que no abajo en el siguiente punto, y esto demustra que esa IP es suya, y al ser suya, toda su '''farsa ha quedado probada''': *Aún así, y para despejar más dudas ante los pobres argumentos de un usuario que '''se ha visto desenmascarado y derrotado''', he aquí un ''[http://www.ripe.net/whois?form_type=simple&full_query_string=&searchtext=83.38.241.19&do_search=Search whois de la IP en cuestión]''. El rango de IPs entre '''83.37.0.0 y 83.39.255.255''' pertenece a '''[[Telefónica]] España, esto es, está en [[España]]'''. *<big>Finnigan es un fraude, como hemos demostrado. Las sospechas de muchos usuarios se han demostrado fundadas. </big> *¿Qué pondrá de excusa ahora, después de haber puesto otras? Cuando está ya demostrado al '''100% que está en españa''', ¿qué dirá? ¿Que estaba de vacaciones? ¿Y por qué no lo dijo antes? *He aquí la respuesta a todo: George McFinnigan es un fraude, ha engañado a casi todos, salvo a un grupo de usuarios que decidió luchar por una Wikipedia más justa para todos. ---- <big>'''ANEXO'''</big> Esto explica varias cosas: *No tenía cuenta en la '''Wikipedia Inglesa''', su idioma teóricamente '''nativo'''; la cuenta que existe '''pertenece a uno de los miembros asociados'''. '''Sí tenía sin embargo cuenta en la Wikipedia Portuguesa'''. *Su nivel de castellano coloquial y '''ACTUAL''', con expresiones como '''me la suda''' que le hemos visto, y conociendo connotaciones muy '''concretas restringidas a España''' como las diferencias políticas entre '''Vasco, euskera o vascuence'''. *Se registró el '''28 de octubre de 2005'''. '''11 días después''', sin apenas haber contribuido en nada, da la '''[http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Usuario_Discusi%C3%B3n:Reinoa&action=history primera bienvenida a un Usuario]'''. Un usuario que lleva 11 días en Wikipedia... ¿de verdad, si es realmente nuevo, se mostrará con la ''autoridad'' para dar la '''Bienvenida'''? Se puede ver sometido a un aluvión de preguntas por parte del otro usuario, y un usuario inexperto no sabría. Es muy ilógico todo, dar la '''bienvenida''' a un usuario sin apenas llevar uno mismo '''50 contribuciones'''. *De aquí deducimos que es posible que el usuario sea un '''[http://www.elgranero.org fraude por parte de otro usuario más antiguo que, por cualesquiera motivos, decidió cambiar su identidad]'''. |} == Enlaces externos == *[http://www.elgranero.org El Granero] *[http://www.elgranero.org] *http://www.elgranero.org *[http://www.elgranero.org Mi página web sobre:] *[http://www.elgranero.org Lingüística], *[http://www.elgranero.org Inglés] *[http://www.elgranero.org Alemán] *[http://cheats.elgranero.org Ruso] *[http://www.elgranero.org Irlanda] *[http://www.elgranero.org We like them cows] *[http://www.elgranero.org whiskey] *[http://www.elgranero.org Seamus O'Hara] [[es:Usuario:George McFinnigan]] [[simple:User:George McFinnigan]] [[de:Benutzer:George McFinnigan]] [[ru:%D0%A3%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA:George_McFinnigan]] [[fr:Utilisateur:George McFinnigan]] [[ca:Usuari:George McFinnigan]] [[pt:Usuário:Georg McFinnigan]] [[eu:Lankide:George McFinnigan]] [[it:Utente:George McFinnigan]] [[la:Usor:George McFinnigan]] [[eo:Vikipediisto:George McFinnigan]] 8049 2006-04-24T10:37:13Z Bombo 12 {{Template:Lingála tɛ́}} <big>Thou canst find me here: [[:es:Usuario:George McFinnigan]]</big> <center><big><big>La Asociación Cruppo Tomatone, en colaboración con la Campaña Anti-McFinnigan, hace un anuncio de <FONT color=red>URGENCIA</FONT></big> '''[http://www.elgranero.org GEORGE MCFINNIGAN ES ESPAÑOL].''' {|style="border: 1px solid #000000; background:#CCFF99;font-size:100%;" |Miembros de la Asociación tendieron una trampa a George McFinnigan para probar de manera definitiva que es un '''fraude''', que '''miente''', pues es '''español''' o al menos '''vive en España''', pero si no fuera español... '''¿por qué ha estado mintiendo sobre dónde vive?. Aquí está el proceso. Son pruebas '''irrefutables''': *Creamos '''varias cuentas''' en '''varias Wikipedias''' (rusa, alemana, italiana, portuguesa, etc) con el nombre de '''George McFinnigan''' para llamar su atención. En la '''portuguesa''' ya tenía cuenta, así que el nombre fue '''Georg McFinnigan'''. *Una vez que lo descubrió el "irlandés", '''blanqueó todas las páginas'''', pues habíamos añadido '''interwikies'''. *Aquí viene lo interesante: en las Wikipedias donde no '''tenía cuenta usó su IP'''. :*Se puede comprobar aquí: ::*[http://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA:George_McFinnigan&action=history Reversión en Wikipedia Rusa] ::*[http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benutzer:George_McFinnigan&action=history Reversión en Wikipedia Alemana] :*Pero sí tenía, como ya dijimos, cuenta en la '''portuguesa'''; '''obsérvese la fecha y hora'''. Es el mismo usuario. '''Es prueba irrefutable que esa IP pertenece a George McFinnigan'''. ::*[http://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Usu%C3%A1rio:Georg_McFinnigan&action=history Reversión en Wikipedia portuguesa con su cuenta. Georg McFinnigan es un Asociado, George McFinnigan es el "verdadero" (¡por decir algo!) Finnigan] *Como puede observarse en aquellas wikipedias donde no tenía cuenta, '''su IP''' era: 83.38.241.19 *La IP pertenece a Telefónica, Granada. George McFinnigan reside en Granada, es español, como '''habíamos denunciado''', es un radical y su fobia a lo catalán y vasco se explica si es '''español''', pero no si es '''irlandés en un pueblo perdido'''. :*Aquí está la prueba de las comprobaciones: http://www.hostip.info/index.html Interactive IP Address Map Granada, SPAIN IP found in 0.0029 seconds *http://www.ip2location.com/free.asp IP Address Country (Short) Country (Full) Flag Region City ISP Map 83.38.241.19 ES SPAIN ANDALUCIA GRANADA TELEFONICA DE ESPANA *George McFinnigan '''afirmó en la Wikipedia en inglés [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:George_McFinnigan#S.C3.AD_soy_espa.C3.B1ol que estas páginas fallan porque comprobó que las IPs vandálicas eran de Alemania]. Eso es correcto, las IPs que vandalizaron eran de '''Alemania, Canadá, EEUU, etc'''. No se necesita saber demasiado de '''informática o Internet''' para saber el por qué. El sistema es el correcto. Además, y si vemos la edición actual de su Página de Usuario (a 19 de febrero, 19:53, si lo cambia a raíz de esto, queda contancia) no ha hecho la única defensa que podría haber hecho, y es que podría haber dicho (cosa falsa, pero podría haberlo usado) que él no revirtió nada en la Wikipedia Rusa o Alemana. Al contrario, no niega que esa IP no sea suya, sólo dice que nuestro '''método para descubrirlo puede fallar'''. Demostramos que no abajo en el siguiente punto, y esto demustra que esa IP es suya, y al ser suya, toda su '''farsa ha quedado probada''': *Aún así, y para despejar más dudas ante los pobres argumentos de un usuario que '''se ha visto desenmascarado y derrotado''', he aquí un ''[http://www.ripe.net/whois?form_type=simple&full_query_string=&searchtext=83.38.241.19&do_search=Search whois de la IP en cuestión]''. El rango de IPs entre '''83.37.0.0 y 83.39.255.255''' pertenece a '''[[Telefónica]] España, esto es, está en [[España]]'''. *<big>Finnigan es un fraude, como hemos demostrado. Las sospechas de muchos usuarios se han demostrado fundadas. </big> *¿Qué pondrá de excusa ahora, después de haber puesto otras? Cuando está ya demostrado al '''100% que está en españa''', ¿qué dirá? ¿Que estaba de vacaciones? ¿Y por qué no lo dijo antes? *He aquí la respuesta a todo: George McFinnigan es un fraude, ha engañado a casi todos, salvo a un grupo de usuarios que decidió luchar por una Wikipedia más justa para todos. ---- <big>'''ANEXO'''</big> Esto explica varias cosas: *No tenía cuenta en la '''Wikipedia Inglesa''', su idioma teóricamente '''nativo'''; la cuenta que existe '''pertenece a uno de los miembros asociados'''. '''Sí tenía sin embargo cuenta en la Wikipedia Portuguesa'''. *Su nivel de castellano coloquial y '''ACTUAL''', con expresiones como '''me la suda''' que le hemos visto, y conociendo connotaciones muy '''concretas restringidas a España''' como las diferencias políticas entre '''Vasco, euskera o vascuence'''. *Se registró el '''28 de octubre de 2005'''. '''11 días después''', sin apenas haber contribuido en nada, da la '''[http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Usuario_Discusi%C3%B3n:Reinoa&action=history primera bienvenida a un Usuario]'''. Un usuario que lleva 11 días en Wikipedia... ¿de verdad, si es realmente nuevo, se mostrará con la ''autoridad'' para dar la '''Bienvenida'''? Se puede ver sometido a un aluvión de preguntas por parte del otro usuario, y un usuario inexperto no sabría. Es muy ilógico todo, dar la '''bienvenida''' a un usuario sin apenas llevar uno mismo '''50 contribuciones'''. *De aquí deducimos que es posible que el usuario sea un '''[http://www.elgranero.org fraude por parte de otro usuario más antiguo que, por cualesquiera motivos, decidió cambiar su identidad]'''. |} == Enlaces externos == *[http://www.elgranero.org El Granero] *[http://www.elgranero.org] *http://www.elgranero.org *[http://www.elgranero.org Mi página web sobre:] *[http://www.elgranero.org Lingüística], *[http://www.elgranero.org Inglés] *[http://www.elgranero.org Alemán] *[http://cheats.elgranero.org Ruso] *[http://www.elgranero.org Irlanda] *[http://www.elgranero.org We like them cows] *[http://www.elgranero.org whiskey] *[http://www.elgranero.org Seamus O'Hara] [[es:Usuario:George McFinnigan]] [[simple:User:George McFinnigan]] [[de:Benutzer:George McFinnigan]] [[ru:%D0%A3%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA:George_McFinnigan]] [[fr:Utilisateur:George McFinnigan]] [[ca:Usuari:George McFinnigan]] [[pt:Usuário:Georg McFinnigan]] [[eu:Lankide:George McFinnigan]] [[it:Utente:George McFinnigan]] [[la:Usor:George McFinnigan]] [[eo:Vikipediisto:George McFinnigan]] 8051 2006-04-24T16:56:22Z George McFinnigan 65 <big>Thou canst find me here: [[:es:Usuario:George McFinnigan]]</big> <center><big><big>La Asociación Cruppo Tomatone, en colaboración con la Campaña Anti-McFinnigan, hace un anuncio de <FONT color=red>URGENCIA</FONT></big> '''[http://www.elgranero.org GEORGE MCFINNIGAN ES ESPAÑOL].''' {|style="border: 1px solid #000000; background:#CCFF99;font-size:100%;" |Miembros de la Asociación tendieron una trampa a George McFinnigan para probar de manera definitiva que es un '''fraude''', que '''miente''', pues es '''español''' o al menos '''vive en España''', pero si no fuera español... '''¿por qué ha estado mintiendo sobre dónde vive?. Aquí está el proceso. Son pruebas '''irrefutables''': *Creamos '''varias cuentas''' en '''varias Wikipedias''' (rusa, alemana, italiana, portuguesa, etc) con el nombre de '''George McFinnigan''' para llamar su atención. En la '''portuguesa''' ya tenía cuenta, así que el nombre fue '''Georg McFinnigan'''. *Una vez que lo descubrió el "irlandés", '''blanqueó todas las páginas'''', pues habíamos añadido '''interwikies'''. *Aquí viene lo interesante: en las Wikipedias donde no '''tenía cuenta usó su IP'''. :*Se puede comprobar aquí: ::*[http://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA:George_McFinnigan&action=history Reversión en Wikipedia Rusa] ::*[http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benutzer:George_McFinnigan&action=history Reversión en Wikipedia Alemana] :*Pero sí tenía, como ya dijimos, cuenta en la '''portuguesa'''; '''obsérvese la fecha y hora'''. Es el mismo usuario. '''Es prueba irrefutable que esa IP pertenece a George McFinnigan'''. ::*[http://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Usu%C3%A1rio:Georg_McFinnigan&action=history Reversión en Wikipedia portuguesa con su cuenta. Georg McFinnigan es un Asociado, George McFinnigan es el "verdadero" (¡por decir algo!) Finnigan] *Como puede observarse en aquellas wikipedias donde no tenía cuenta, '''su IP''' era: 83.38.241.19 *La IP pertenece a Telefónica, Granada. George McFinnigan reside en Granada, es español, como '''habíamos denunciado''', es un radical y su fobia a lo catalán y vasco se explica si es '''español''', pero no si es '''irlandés en un pueblo perdido'''. :*Aquí está la prueba de las comprobaciones: http://www.hostip.info/index.html Interactive IP Address Map Granada, SPAIN IP found in 0.0029 seconds *http://www.ip2location.com/free.asp IP Address Country (Short) Country (Full) Flag Region City ISP Map 83.38.241.19 ES SPAIN ANDALUCIA GRANADA TELEFONICA DE ESPANA *George McFinnigan '''afirmó en la Wikipedia en inglés [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:George_McFinnigan#S.C3.AD_soy_espa.C3.B1ol que estas páginas fallan porque comprobó que las IPs vandálicas eran de Alemania]. Eso es correcto, las IPs que vandalizaron eran de '''Alemania, Canadá, EEUU, etc'''. No se necesita saber demasiado de '''informática o Internet''' para saber el por qué. El sistema es el correcto. Además, y si vemos la edición actual de su Página de Usuario (a 19 de febrero, 19:53, si lo cambia a raíz de esto, queda contancia) no ha hecho la única defensa que podría haber hecho, y es que podría haber dicho (cosa falsa, pero podría haberlo usado) que él no revirtió nada en la Wikipedia Rusa o Alemana. Al contrario, no niega que esa IP no sea suya, sólo dice que nuestro '''método para descubrirlo puede fallar'''. Demostramos que no abajo en el siguiente punto, y esto demustra que esa IP es suya, y al ser suya, toda su '''farsa ha quedado probada''': *Aún así, y para despejar más dudas ante los pobres argumentos de un usuario que '''se ha visto desenmascarado y derrotado''', he aquí un ''[http://www.ripe.net/whois?form_type=simple&full_query_string=&searchtext=83.38.241.19&do_search=Search whois de la IP en cuestión]''. El rango de IPs entre '''83.37.0.0 y 83.39.255.255''' pertenece a '''[[Telefónica]] España, esto es, está en [[España]]'''. *<big>Finnigan es un fraude, como hemos demostrado. Las sospechas de muchos usuarios se han demostrado fundadas. </big> *¿Qué pondrá de excusa ahora, después de haber puesto otras? Cuando está ya demostrado al '''100% que está en españa''', ¿qué dirá? ¿Que estaba de vacaciones? ¿Y por qué no lo dijo antes? *He aquí la respuesta a todo: George McFinnigan es un fraude, ha engañado a casi todos, salvo a un grupo de usuarios que decidió luchar por una Wikipedia más justa para todos. ---- <big>'''ANEXO'''</big> Esto explica varias cosas: *No tenía cuenta en la '''Wikipedia Inglesa''', su idioma teóricamente '''nativo'''; la cuenta que existe '''pertenece a uno de los miembros asociados'''. '''Sí tenía sin embargo cuenta en la Wikipedia Portuguesa'''. *Su nivel de castellano coloquial y '''ACTUAL''', con expresiones como '''me la suda''' que le hemos visto, y conociendo connotaciones muy '''concretas restringidas a España''' como las diferencias políticas entre '''Vasco, euskera o vascuence'''. *Se registró el '''28 de octubre de 2005'''. '''11 días después''', sin apenas haber contribuido en nada, da la '''[http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Usuario_Discusi%C3%B3n:Reinoa&action=history primera bienvenida a un Usuario]'''. Un usuario que lleva 11 días en Wikipedia... ¿de verdad, si es realmente nuevo, se mostrará con la ''autoridad'' para dar la '''Bienvenida'''? Se puede ver sometido a un aluvión de preguntas por parte del otro usuario, y un usuario inexperto no sabría. Es muy ilógico todo, dar la '''bienvenida''' a un usuario sin apenas llevar uno mismo '''50 contribuciones'''. *De aquí deducimos que es posible que el usuario sea un '''[http://www.elgranero.org fraude por parte de otro usuario más antiguo que, por cualesquiera motivos, decidió cambiar su identidad]'''. |} == Enlaces externos == *[http://www.elgranero.org El Granero] *[http://www.elgranero.org] *http://www.elgranero.org *[http://www.elgranero.org Mi página web sobre:] *[http://www.elgranero.org Lingüística], *[http://www.elgranero.org Inglés] *[http://www.elgranero.org Alemán] *[http://cheats.elgranero.org Ruso] *[http://www.elgranero.org Irlanda] *[http://www.elgranero.org We like them cows] *[http://www.elgranero.org whiskey] *[http://www.elgranero.org Seamus O'Hara] [[es:Usuario:George McFinnigan]] [[simple:User:George McFinnigan]] [[de:Benutzer:George McFinnigan]] [[ru:%D0%A3%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA:George_McFinnigan]] [[fr:Utilisateur:George McFinnigan]] [[ca:Usuari:George McFinnigan]] [[pt:Usuário:Georg McFinnigan]] [[eu:Lankide:George McFinnigan]] [[it:Utente:George McFinnigan]] [[la:Usor:George McFinnigan]] [[eo:Vikipediisto:George McFinnigan]] 8052 2006-04-25T08:53:20Z Bombo 12 Reverted edit of George McFinnigan, changed back to last version by Bombo {{Template:Lingála tɛ́}} <big>Thou canst find me here: [[:es:Usuario:George McFinnigan]]</big> <center><big><big>La Asociación Cruppo Tomatone, en colaboración con la Campaña Anti-McFinnigan, hace un anuncio de <FONT color=red>URGENCIA</FONT></big> '''[http://www.elgranero.org GEORGE MCFINNIGAN ES ESPAÑOL].''' {|style="border: 1px solid #000000; background:#CCFF99;font-size:100%;" |Miembros de la Asociación tendieron una trampa a George McFinnigan para probar de manera definitiva que es un '''fraude''', que '''miente''', pues es '''español''' o al menos '''vive en España''', pero si no fuera español... '''¿por qué ha estado mintiendo sobre dónde vive?. Aquí está el proceso. Son pruebas '''irrefutables''': *Creamos '''varias cuentas''' en '''varias Wikipedias''' (rusa, alemana, italiana, portuguesa, etc) con el nombre de '''George McFinnigan''' para llamar su atención. En la '''portuguesa''' ya tenía cuenta, así que el nombre fue '''Georg McFinnigan'''. *Una vez que lo descubrió el "irlandés", '''blanqueó todas las páginas'''', pues habíamos añadido '''interwikies'''. *Aquí viene lo interesante: en las Wikipedias donde no '''tenía cuenta usó su IP'''. :*Se puede comprobar aquí: ::*[http://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA:George_McFinnigan&action=history Reversión en Wikipedia Rusa] ::*[http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benutzer:George_McFinnigan&action=history Reversión en Wikipedia Alemana] :*Pero sí tenía, como ya dijimos, cuenta en la '''portuguesa'''; '''obsérvese la fecha y hora'''. Es el mismo usuario. '''Es prueba irrefutable que esa IP pertenece a George McFinnigan'''. ::*[http://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Usu%C3%A1rio:Georg_McFinnigan&action=history Reversión en Wikipedia portuguesa con su cuenta. Georg McFinnigan es un Asociado, George McFinnigan es el "verdadero" (¡por decir algo!) Finnigan] *Como puede observarse en aquellas wikipedias donde no tenía cuenta, '''su IP''' era: 83.38.241.19 *La IP pertenece a Telefónica, Granada. George McFinnigan reside en Granada, es español, como '''habíamos denunciado''', es un radical y su fobia a lo catalán y vasco se explica si es '''español''', pero no si es '''irlandés en un pueblo perdido'''. :*Aquí está la prueba de las comprobaciones: http://www.hostip.info/index.html Interactive IP Address Map Granada, SPAIN IP found in 0.0029 seconds *http://www.ip2location.com/free.asp IP Address Country (Short) Country (Full) Flag Region City ISP Map 83.38.241.19 ES SPAIN ANDALUCIA GRANADA TELEFONICA DE ESPANA *George McFinnigan '''afirmó en la Wikipedia en inglés [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:George_McFinnigan#S.C3.AD_soy_espa.C3.B1ol que estas páginas fallan porque comprobó que las IPs vandálicas eran de Alemania]. Eso es correcto, las IPs que vandalizaron eran de '''Alemania, Canadá, EEUU, etc'''. No se necesita saber demasiado de '''informática o Internet''' para saber el por qué. El sistema es el correcto. Además, y si vemos la edición actual de su Página de Usuario (a 19 de febrero, 19:53, si lo cambia a raíz de esto, queda contancia) no ha hecho la única defensa que podría haber hecho, y es que podría haber dicho (cosa falsa, pero podría haberlo usado) que él no revirtió nada en la Wikipedia Rusa o Alemana. Al contrario, no niega que esa IP no sea suya, sólo dice que nuestro '''método para descubrirlo puede fallar'''. Demostramos que no abajo en el siguiente punto, y esto demustra que esa IP es suya, y al ser suya, toda su '''farsa ha quedado probada''': *Aún así, y para despejar más dudas ante los pobres argumentos de un usuario que '''se ha visto desenmascarado y derrotado''', he aquí un ''[http://www.ripe.net/whois?form_type=simple&full_query_string=&searchtext=83.38.241.19&do_search=Search whois de la IP en cuestión]''. El rango de IPs entre '''83.37.0.0 y 83.39.255.255''' pertenece a '''[[Telefónica]] España, esto es, está en [[España]]'''. *<big>Finnigan es un fraude, como hemos demostrado. Las sospechas de muchos usuarios se han demostrado fundadas. </big> *¿Qué pondrá de excusa ahora, después de haber puesto otras? Cuando está ya demostrado al '''100% que está en españa''', ¿qué dirá? ¿Que estaba de vacaciones? ¿Y por qué no lo dijo antes? *He aquí la respuesta a todo: George McFinnigan es un fraude, ha engañado a casi todos, salvo a un grupo de usuarios que decidió luchar por una Wikipedia más justa para todos. ---- <big>'''ANEXO'''</big> Esto explica varias cosas: *No tenía cuenta en la '''Wikipedia Inglesa''', su idioma teóricamente '''nativo'''; la cuenta que existe '''pertenece a uno de los miembros asociados'''. '''Sí tenía sin embargo cuenta en la Wikipedia Portuguesa'''. *Su nivel de castellano coloquial y '''ACTUAL''', con expresiones como '''me la suda''' que le hemos visto, y conociendo connotaciones muy '''concretas restringidas a España''' como las diferencias políticas entre '''Vasco, euskera o vascuence'''. *Se registró el '''28 de octubre de 2005'''. '''11 días después''', sin apenas haber contribuido en nada, da la '''[http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Usuario_Discusi%C3%B3n:Reinoa&action=history primera bienvenida a un Usuario]'''. Un usuario que lleva 11 días en Wikipedia... ¿de verdad, si es realmente nuevo, se mostrará con la ''autoridad'' para dar la '''Bienvenida'''? Se puede ver sometido a un aluvión de preguntas por parte del otro usuario, y un usuario inexperto no sabría. Es muy ilógico todo, dar la '''bienvenida''' a un usuario sin apenas llevar uno mismo '''50 contribuciones'''. *De aquí deducimos que es posible que el usuario sea un '''[http://www.elgranero.org fraude por parte de otro usuario más antiguo que, por cualesquiera motivos, decidió cambiar su identidad]'''. |} == Enlaces externos == *[http://www.elgranero.org El Granero] *[http://www.elgranero.org] *http://www.elgranero.org *[http://www.elgranero.org Mi página web sobre:] *[http://www.elgranero.org Lingüística], *[http://www.elgranero.org Inglés] *[http://www.elgranero.org Alemán] *[http://cheats.elgranero.org Ruso] *[http://www.elgranero.org Irlanda] *[http://www.elgranero.org We like them cows] *[http://www.elgranero.org whiskey] *[http://www.elgranero.org Seamus O'Hara] [[es:Usuario:George McFinnigan]] [[simple:User:George McFinnigan]] [[de:Benutzer:George McFinnigan]] [[ru:%D0%A3%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA:George_McFinnigan]] [[fr:Utilisateur:George McFinnigan]] [[ca:Usuari:George McFinnigan]] [[pt:Usuário:Georg McFinnigan]] [[eu:Lankide:George McFinnigan]] [[it:Utente:George McFinnigan]] [[la:Usor:George McFinnigan]] [[eo:Vikipediisto:George McFinnigan]] User talk:George McFinnigan 2249 8050 2006-04-24T10:39:30Z Bombo 12 '''Lingála tɛ́''' Tála mpé: [[en:Wikipedia:Miscellany_for_deletion/User:Blisz]] --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 10:39, 24 avril 2006 (UTC) Talk:Ciluba 2250 8078 2006-04-26T12:54:36Z Bombo 12 Table selon www.ethnologue.com. Pour être franc: Ciluba et Kiluba et Luba-Kasai et Luba-Katanga - des langues differentes ou des formes régionales / dialects / parler de la même langue comme c'est déjà indiqueé pour Ciluba est eet Ciluba ouest [voir dialect]. Peut-être un linguiste peut nous aider? Les deux codes ISO ne veulent rien dire souvent des dialects ont de codes differents (Alsacien, dialect alémanique: ALS, Alémanique: GSW, de même au nord de l'europe....). --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:54, 26 avril 2006 (UTC) {| |- | nom | Luba-Kasai | Luba-Katanga |- | ISO | lua | lub |- | pop | 6,300,000 (1991 UBS) | 1,505,000 (1991 UBS) |- | prov | Kasaï Occidental mpé Kasaï Oriental | Katanga ; Haut-Lomami District |- | alt | Luba-Lulua, Tshiluba, Western Luba, Luva | Luba-Shaba, Kiluba |- | class | Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, L, Luba (L.30) | Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, L, Luba (L.30) |- | dialect | Significant dialect differences between East Kasai Region (Baluba people) and West Kasai Region (Bena Lulua people). Hemba is a closely related language. | |- | use | National language. 700,000 second-language speakers. | |- | Bible | 1927–1996 | 1951 |} Biblíya 2252 8106 2006-05-09T08:54:01Z 203.173.151.157 *[[Genese]] *[[Exode]] *[[Yobo]] *[[Mokapo]] *[[Baloma]] *[[Misala]] *[[Nzembo]] *[[Yisaya]] *[[Yilimiya]] *[[Danyele]] *[[Mosakoli]] *Ezekiele *Emoniseli *Matai *Luka *Yoane *1 Timote *2 Timote *1 Petelo *2 Petelo *[[Yakobo]] *[[Bagalatia]] *[[Batesaloniki]] *[[Baebele]] *[[Masese]] [[en:Bible]] 8107 2006-05-09T08:55:15Z 203.173.151.157 [[Image:Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg|right|450px|]] *[[Genese]] *[[Exode]] *[[Yobo]] *[[Mokapo]] *[[Baloma]] *[[Misala]] *[[Nzembo]] *[[Yisaya]] *[[Yilimiya]] *[[Danyele]] *[[Mosakoli]] *[[Ezekiele]] *[[Emoniseli]] *[[Matai]] *[[Luka]] *[[Yoane]] *1 Timote *2 Timote *1 Petelo *2 Petelo *[[Yakobo]] *[[Bagalatia]] *[[Batesaloniki]] *[[Baebele]] *[[Masese]] [[en:Bible]] 8108 2006-05-09T08:55:38Z 203.173.151.157 [[Image:Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg|right|450px|]] *[[Genese]] *[[Exode]] *[[Yobo]] *[[Mokapo]] *[[Baloma]] *[[Misala]] *[[Nzembo]] *[[Yisaya]] *[[Yilimiya]] *[[Danyele]] *[[Mosakoli]] *[[Ezekiele]] *[[Emoniseli]] *[[Matai]] *[[Luka]] *[[Yoane]] *[[1 Timote]] *[[2 Timote]] *[[1 Petelo]] *[[2 Petelo]] *[[Yakobo]] *[[Bagalatia]] *[[Batesaloniki]] *[[Baebele]] *[[Masese]] [[en:Bible]] 8109 2006-05-09T08:56:25Z 203.173.151.157 {{KimokristoS}} [[Image:Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg|right|450px|]] *[[Genese]] *[[Exode]] *[[Yobo]] *[[Mokapo]] *[[Baloma]] *[[Misala]] *[[Nzembo]] *[[Yisaya]] *[[Yilimiya]] *[[Danyele]] *[[Mosakoli]] *[[Ezekiele]] *[[Emoniseli]] *[[Matai]] *[[Luka]] *[[Yoane]] *[[1 Timote]] *[[2 Timote]] *[[1 Petelo]] *[[2 Petelo]] *[[Yakobo]] *[[Bagalatia]] *[[Batesaloniki]] *[[Baebele]] *[[Masese]] [[en:Bible]] 8110 2006-05-09T08:57:06Z 203.173.151.157 {{KimokristoS}} [[Image:Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg|right|450px|]] *[[Genese]] *[[Exode]] *[[Yobo]] *[[Mokapo]] *[[Baloma]] *[[Misala]] *[[Nzembo]] *[[Yisaya]] *[[Yilimiya]] *[[Danyele]] *[[Mosakoli]] *[[Ezekiele]] *[[Emoniseli]] *[[Matai]] *[[Luka]] *[[Yoane]] *[[1 Timote]] *[[2 Timote]] *[[1 Petelo]] *[[2 Petelo]] *[[Yakobo]] *[[Bagalatia]] *[[Batesaloniki]] *[[Baebele]] *[[Masese]] [[Category:Boklísto]] [[en:Bible]] 8127 2006-05-14T20:57:36Z Moyogo 11 [[Bible]] moved to [[Biblíya]]: Nkómbó na lokóta ya lingála {{KimokristoS}} [[Image:Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg|right|450px|]] *[[Genese]] *[[Exode]] *[[Yobo]] *[[Mokapo]] *[[Baloma]] *[[Misala]] *[[Nzembo]] *[[Yisaya]] *[[Yilimiya]] *[[Danyele]] *[[Mosakoli]] *[[Ezekiele]] *[[Emoniseli]] *[[Matai]] *[[Luka]] *[[Yoane]] *[[1 Timote]] *[[2 Timote]] *[[1 Petelo]] *[[2 Petelo]] *[[Yakobo]] *[[Bagalatia]] *[[Batesaloniki]] *[[Baebele]] *[[Masese]] [[Category:Boklísto]] [[en:Bible]] 8129 2006-05-14T21:04:03Z Moyogo 11 {{ndámbo}} {{KimokristoS}} '''Biblíya''' ezalí [[búku]] bya [[bakrístu]]. [[Image:Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg|right|450px|]] *[[Genese]] *[[Exode]] *[[Yobo]] *[[Mokapo]] *[[Baloma]] *[[Misala]] *[[Nzembo]] *[[Yisaya]] *[[Yilimiya]] *[[Danyele]] *[[Mosakoli]] *[[Ezekiele]] *[[Emoniseli]] *[[Matai]] *[[Luka]] *[[Yoane]] *[[1 Timote]] *[[2 Timote]] *[[1 Petelo]] *[[2 Petelo]] *[[Yakobo]] *[[Bagalatia]] *[[Batesaloniki]] *[[Baebele]] *[[Masese]] [[Category:Boklísto]] [[en:Bible]] 8138 2006-05-16T11:09:10Z Bombo 12 {{ndámbo}} {{KimokristoS}} '''Biblíya''' ezalí [[búku]] bya [[bakrístu]]. [[Image:Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg|right|350px|]] *[[Genese]] *[[Exode]] *[[Yobo]] *[[Mokapo]] *[[Baloma]] *[[Misala]] *[[Nzembo]] *[[Yisaya]] *[[Yilimiya]] *[[Danyele]] *[[Mosakoli]] *[[Ezekiele]] *[[Emoniseli]] *[[Matai]] *[[Luka]] *[[Yoane]] *[[1 Timote]] *[[2 Timote]] *[[1 Petelo]] *[[2 Petelo]] *[[Yakobo]] *[[Bagalatia]] *[[Batesaloniki]] *[[Baebele]] *[[Masese]] [[Category:Boklísto]] [[af:Bybel]] [[ar:الكتاب المقدس]] [[ast:Biblia]] [[zh-min-nan:Sèng-keng]] [[bg:Библия]] [[bn:বাইবেল]] [[br:Bibl]] [[bs:Biblija]] [[ca:Bíblia]] [[cs:Bible]] [[cy:Y Beibl]] [[da:Bibelen]] [[pdc:Biwwel]] [[de:Bibel]] [[el:Αγία Γραφή]] [[eo:Biblio]] [[es:Biblia]] [[et:Piibel]] [[eu:Biblia]] [[fa:انجیل]] [[fi:Raamattu]] [[fj:Ai Vola Tabu]] [[fr:Bible]] [[gl:Biblia]] [[ha:Baibûl]] [[he:תנ"ך]] [[ho:Baibel]] [[hr:Biblija]] [[hu:Biblia]] [[ht:Bib]] [[hz:Ombeibela]] [[ia:Biblia]] [[id:Alkitab]] [[ilo:Biblia]] [[io:Biblo]] [[is:Biblían]] [[it:Bibbia]] [[ja:聖書]] [[ko:성서]] [[kg:Biblia]] [[ku:Încîl]] [[kw:Bibel]] [[la:Biblia]] [[lad:Biblia]] [[lb:Bibel]] [[lg:Baibuli]] [[li:Biebel]] [[lt:Biblija]] [[mk:Библија]] [[ml:ബൈബിള്‍]] [[mn:Библи Cудар]] [[ms:Bible]] [[mt:Bibbja]] [[na:Bibel]] [[nds:Bibel]] [[ng:Ombimbeli]] [[nl:Bijbel (algemeen)]] [[nn:Bibelen]] [[no:Bibelen]] [[nrm:Bibl'ye]] [[pap:Bijbel]] [[pl:Biblia]] [[pt:Bíblia]] [[ro:Biblia]] [[ru:Библия]] [[rw:Bibiliya]] [[scn:Bibbia cristiana]] [[sg:Bible]] [[sh:Biblija]] [[simple:Bible]] [[sk:Biblia]] [[sl:Biblija]] [[sm:Ole Tusipala]] [[sr:Свето Писмо]] [[st:Bibele]] [[su:Alkitab]] [[sv:Bibeln]] [[tl:Biblia]] [[tpi:Baibel]] [[tr:Kitab-ı Mukaddes]] [[tt:İzge yazu]] [[ug:كذتذبعم]] [[uk:Біблія]] [[vi:Kinh thánh]] [[yo:Bíbélì Mimọ]] [[zh:聖經]] [[zu:IBhayibheli]] 8145 2006-05-18T11:36:05Z Bombo 12 ISBN & link {{ndámbo}} {{KimokristoS}} '''Biblíya''' ezalí [[búku]] bya [[bakrístu]]. [[Image:Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg|right|350px|]] *[[Genese]] *[[Exode]] *[[Yobo]] *[[Mokapo]] *[[Baloma]] *[[Misala]] *[[Nzembo]] *[[Yisaya]] *[[Yilimiya]] *[[Danyele]] *[[Mosakoli]] *[[Ezekiele]] *[[Emoniseli]] *[[Matai]] *[[Luka]] *[[Yoane]] *[[1 Timote]] *[[2 Timote]] *[[1 Petelo]] *[[2 Petelo]] *[[Yakobo]] *[[Bagalatia]] *[[Batesaloniki]] *[[Baebele]] *[[Masese]] ==Búku== *Biblíya ISBN 0966843302 *Biblíya ISBN 9966-40-879-7 ABRDC-ABU, 2004 *Mokanda na Kondimana na Sika na nkolo na biso Yesu Masiya - Njembo ISBN 9966-40-110-5 SBRDC-ABU, 2000 *Mokanda na Kondimana na Sika na nkolo na biso Yesu Masiya - Njembo ISBN 9966-40-112-1 ==Nkásá o libándá== *Bulletin Dei Verbum, BDV 50, p.22 http://www.c-b-f.org/start.php?CONTID=08_01_02_03_01_03_00&LANG=en (lingɛlɛsi) *http://www.bibelarchiv-vegelahn.de/bibel_fremdsprachen.html (lialemani) *http://www.worldscriptures.org/pages/lingala.html (lingɛlɛsi) [[Category:Boklísto]] [[af:Bybel]] [[ar:الكتاب المقدس]] [[ast:Biblia]] [[zh-min-nan:Sèng-keng]] [[bg:Библия]] [[bn:বাইবেল]] [[br:Bibl]] [[bs:Biblija]] [[ca:Bíblia]] [[cs:Bible]] [[cy:Y Beibl]] [[da:Bibelen]] [[pdc:Biwwel]] [[de:Bibel]] [[el:Αγία Γραφή]] [[eo:Biblio]] [[es:Biblia]] [[et:Piibel]] [[eu:Biblia]] [[fa:انجیل]] [[fi:Raamattu]] [[fj:Ai Vola Tabu]] [[fr:Bible]] [[gl:Biblia]] [[ha:Baibûl]] [[he:תנ"ך]] [[ho:Baibel]] [[hr:Biblija]] [[hu:Biblia]] [[ht:Bib]] [[hz:Ombeibela]] [[ia:Biblia]] [[id:Alkitab]] [[ilo:Biblia]] [[io:Biblo]] [[is:Biblían]] [[it:Bibbia]] [[ja:聖書]] [[ko:성서]] [[kg:Biblia]] [[ku:Încîl]] [[kw:Bibel]] [[la:Biblia]] [[lad:Biblia]] [[lb:Bibel]] [[lg:Baibuli]] [[li:Biebel]] [[lt:Biblija]] [[mk:Библија]] [[ml:ബൈബിള്‍]] [[mn:Библи Cудар]] [[ms:Bible]] [[mt:Bibbja]] [[na:Bibel]] [[nds:Bibel]] [[ng:Ombimbeli]] [[nl:Bijbel (algemeen)]] [[nn:Bibelen]] [[no:Bibelen]] [[nrm:Bibl'ye]] [[pap:Bijbel]] [[pl:Biblia]] [[pt:Bíblia]] [[ro:Biblia]] [[ru:Библия]] [[rw:Bibiliya]] [[scn:Bibbia cristiana]] [[sg:Bible]] [[sh:Biblija]] [[simple:Bible]] [[sk:Biblia]] [[sl:Biblija]] [[sm:Ole Tusipala]] [[sr:Свето Писмо]] [[st:Bibele]] [[su:Alkitab]] [[sv:Bibeln]] [[tl:Biblia]] [[tpi:Baibel]] [[tr:Kitab-ı Mukaddes]] [[tt:İzge yazu]] [[ug:كذتذبعم]] [[uk:Біблія]] [[vi:Kinh thánh]] [[yo:Bíbélì Mimọ]] [[zh:聖經]] [[zu:IBhayibheli]] 8146 2006-05-18T15:10:42Z 160.85.2.50 {{ndámbo}} {{KimokristoS}} '''Biblíya''' ezalí [[búku]] bya [[bakrístu]]. [[Image:Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg|right|350px|]] *[[Genese]] *[[Exode]] *[[Yobo]] *[[Mokapo]] *[[Baloma]] *[[Misala]] *[[Nzembo]] *[[Yisaya]] *[[Yilimiya]] *[[Danyele]] *[[Mosakoli]] *[[Ezekiele]] *[[Emoniseli]] *[[Matai]] *[[Luka]] *[[Yoane]] *[[1 Timote]] *[[2 Timote]] *[[1 Petelo]] *[[2 Petelo]] *[[Yakobo]] *[[Bagalatia]] *[[Batesaloniki]] *[[Baebele]] *[[Masese]] ==Babúku== *Biblíya ISBN 0966843302 *Biblíya ISBN 9966-40-879-7 ABRDC-ABU, 2004 *Mokanda na Kondimana na Sika na nkolo na biso Yesu Masiya - Njembo ISBN 9966-40-110-5 SBRDC-ABU, 2000 *Mokanda na Kondimana na Sika na nkolo na biso Yesu Masiya - Njembo ISBN 9966-40-112-1 ==Nkásá o libándá== *Bulletin Dei Verbum, BDV 50, p.22 http://www.c-b-f.org/start.php?CONTID=08_01_02_03_01_03_00&LANG=en (lingɛlɛsi) *http://www.bibelarchiv-vegelahn.de/bibel_fremdsprachen.html (lialemani) *http://www.worldscriptures.org/pages/lingala.html (lingɛlɛsi) [[Category:Boklísto]] [[af:Bybel]] [[ar:الكتاب المقدس]] [[ast:Biblia]] [[zh-min-nan:Sèng-keng]] [[bg:Библия]] [[bn:বাইবেল]] [[br:Bibl]] [[bs:Biblija]] [[ca:Bíblia]] [[cs:Bible]] [[cy:Y Beibl]] [[da:Bibelen]] [[pdc:Biwwel]] [[de:Bibel]] [[el:Αγία Γραφή]] [[eo:Biblio]] [[es:Biblia]] [[et:Piibel]] [[eu:Biblia]] [[fa:انجیل]] [[fi:Raamattu]] [[fj:Ai Vola Tabu]] [[fr:Bible]] [[gl:Biblia]] [[ha:Baibûl]] [[he:תנ"ך]] [[ho:Baibel]] [[hr:Biblija]] [[hu:Biblia]] [[ht:Bib]] [[hz:Ombeibela]] [[ia:Biblia]] [[id:Alkitab]] [[ilo:Biblia]] [[io:Biblo]] [[is:Biblían]] [[it:Bibbia]] [[ja:聖書]] [[ko:성서]] [[kg:Biblia]] [[ku:Încîl]] [[kw:Bibel]] [[la:Biblia]] [[lad:Biblia]] [[lb:Bibel]] [[lg:Baibuli]] [[li:Biebel]] [[lt:Biblija]] [[mk:Библија]] [[ml:ബൈബിള്‍]] [[mn:Библи Cудар]] [[ms:Bible]] [[mt:Bibbja]] [[na:Bibel]] [[nds:Bibel]] [[ng:Ombimbeli]] [[nl:Bijbel (algemeen)]] [[nn:Bibelen]] [[no:Bibelen]] [[nrm:Bibl'ye]] [[pap:Bijbel]] [[pl:Biblia]] [[pt:Bíblia]] [[ro:Biblia]] [[ru:Библия]] [[rw:Bibiliya]] [[scn:Bibbia cristiana]] [[sg:Bible]] [[sh:Biblija]] [[simple:Bible]] [[sk:Biblia]] [[sl:Biblija]] [[sm:Ole Tusipala]] [[sr:Свето Писмо]] [[st:Bibele]] [[su:Alkitab]] [[sv:Bibeln]] [[tl:Biblia]] [[tpi:Baibel]] [[tr:Kitab-ı Mukaddes]] [[tt:İzge yazu]] [[ug:كذتذبعم]] [[uk:Біблія]] [[vi:Kinh thánh]] [[yo:Bíbélì Mimọ]] [[zh:聖經]] [[zu:IBhayibheli]] 8784 2006-07-09T09:46:51Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: az, ba, bi, bm, cv, en, ga, hi, hy, ig, ka, ki, kk, om, pa, rn, sq, ta, tg, th, ts, tw, uz, ve, wo, yi Retire: ug Modifie: nl, sl, tl, tr, vi {{ndámbo}} {{KimokristoS}} '''Biblíya''' ezalí [[búku]] bya [[bakrístu]]. [[Image:Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg|right|350px|]] *[[Genese]] *[[Exode]] *[[Yobo]] *[[Mokapo]] *[[Baloma]] *[[Misala]] *[[Nzembo]] *[[Yisaya]] *[[Yilimiya]] *[[Danyele]] *[[Mosakoli]] *[[Ezekiele]] *[[Emoniseli]] *[[Matai]] *[[Luka]] *[[Yoane]] *[[1 Timote]] *[[2 Timote]] *[[1 Petelo]] *[[2 Petelo]] *[[Yakobo]] *[[Bagalatia]] *[[Batesaloniki]] *[[Baebele]] *[[Masese]] ==Babúku== *Biblíya ISBN 0966843302 *Biblíya ISBN 9966-40-879-7 ABRDC-ABU, 2004 *Mokanda na Kondimana na Sika na nkolo na biso Yesu Masiya - Njembo ISBN 9966-40-110-5 SBRDC-ABU, 2000 *Mokanda na Kondimana na Sika na nkolo na biso Yesu Masiya - Njembo ISBN 9966-40-112-1 ==Nkásá o libándá== *Bulletin Dei Verbum, BDV 50, p.22 http://www.c-b-f.org/start.php?CONTID=08_01_02_03_01_03_00&LANG=en (lingɛlɛsi) *http://www.bibelarchiv-vegelahn.de/bibel_fremdsprachen.html (lialemani) *http://www.worldscriptures.org/pages/lingala.html (lingɛlɛsi) [[Category:Boklísto]] [[af:Bybel]] [[ar:الكتاب المقدس]] [[ast:Biblia]] [[az:Müqəddəs Kitab]] [[ba:Библия]] [[bg:Библия]] [[bi:Baebol]] [[bm:Bibulu]] [[bn:বাইবেল]] [[br:Bibl]] [[bs:Biblija]] [[ca:Bíblia]] [[cs:Bible]] [[cv:Библи]] [[cy:Y Beibl]] [[da:Bibelen]] [[de:Bibel]] [[el:Αγία Γραφή]] [[en:Bible]] [[eo:Biblio]] [[es:Biblia]] [[et:Piibel]] [[eu:Biblia]] [[fa:انجیل]] [[fi:Raamattu]] [[fj:Ai Vola Tabu]] [[fr:Bible]] [[ga:An Bíobla]] [[gl:Biblia]] [[ha:Baibûl]] [[he:תנ"ך]] [[hi:बाइबिल]] [[ho:Baibel]] [[hr:Biblija]] [[ht:Bib]] [[hu:Biblia]] [[hy:Աստվածաշունչ]] [[hz:Ombeibela]] [[ia:Biblia]] [[id:Alkitab]] [[ig:Bible]] [[ilo:Biblia]] [[io:Biblo]] [[is:Biblían]] [[it:Bibbia]] [[ja:聖書]] [[ka:ბიბლია]] [[kg:Biblia]] [[ki:Biblia]] [[kk:Таурат және Інжіл]] [[ko:성서]] [[ku:Încîl]] [[kw:Bibel]] [[la:Biblia]] [[lad:Biblia]] [[lb:Bibel]] [[lg:Baibuli]] [[li:Biebel]] [[lt:Biblija]] [[mk:Библија]] [[ml:ബൈബിള്‍]] [[mn:Библи Cудар]] [[ms:Bible]] [[mt:Bibbja]] [[na:Bibel]] [[nds:Bibel]] [[ng:Ombimbeli]] [[nl:Bijbel (christendom)]] [[nn:Bibelen]] [[no:Bibelen]] [[nrm:Bibl'ye]] [[om:Kitaaba]] [[pa:ਬਾਈਬਲ]] [[pap:Bijbel]] [[pdc:Biwwel]] [[pl:Biblia]] [[pt:Bíblia]] [[rn:Bibiliya]] [[ro:Biblia]] [[ru:Библия]] [[rw:Bibiliya]] [[scn:Bibbia cristiana]] [[sg:Bible]] [[sh:Biblija]] [[simple:Bible]] [[sk:Biblia]] [[sl:Sveto pismo]] [[sm:Ole Tusipala]] [[sq:Bibla]] [[sr:Свето Писмо]] [[st:Bibele]] [[su:Alkitab]] [[sv:Bibeln]] [[ta:விவிலியம்]] [[tg:Таврот ва Инҷил]] [[th:คัมภีร์ไบเบิล]] [[tl:Bibliya]] [[tpi:Baibel]] [[tr:Kitabı Mukaddes]] [[ts:Bibele]] [[tt:İzge yazu]] [[tw:Bible]] [[uk:Біблія]] [[uz:Muqaddas Kitob]] [[ve:Bivhili]] [[vi:Kinh Thánh]] [[wo:Biibël]] [[yi:תנ"ך]] [[yo:Bíbélì Mimọ]] [[zh:聖經]] [[zh-min-nan:Sèng-keng]] [[zu:IBhayibheli]] 8909 2006-07-14T22:55:56Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[nds-nl:Biebel]] {{ndámbo}} {{KimokristoS}} '''Biblíya''' ezalí [[búku]] bya [[bakrístu]]. [[Image:Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg|right|350px|]] *[[Genese]] *[[Exode]] *[[Yobo]] *[[Mokapo]] *[[Baloma]] *[[Misala]] *[[Nzembo]] *[[Yisaya]] *[[Yilimiya]] *[[Danyele]] *[[Mosakoli]] *[[Ezekiele]] *[[Emoniseli]] *[[Matai]] *[[Luka]] *[[Yoane]] *[[1 Timote]] *[[2 Timote]] *[[1 Petelo]] *[[2 Petelo]] *[[Yakobo]] *[[Bagalatia]] *[[Batesaloniki]] *[[Baebele]] *[[Masese]] ==Babúku== *Biblíya ISBN 0966843302 *Biblíya ISBN 9966-40-879-7 ABRDC-ABU, 2004 *Mokanda na Kondimana na Sika na nkolo na biso Yesu Masiya - Njembo ISBN 9966-40-110-5 SBRDC-ABU, 2000 *Mokanda na Kondimana na Sika na nkolo na biso Yesu Masiya - Njembo ISBN 9966-40-112-1 ==Nkásá o libándá== *Bulletin Dei Verbum, BDV 50, p.22 http://www.c-b-f.org/start.php?CONTID=08_01_02_03_01_03_00&LANG=en (lingɛlɛsi) *http://www.bibelarchiv-vegelahn.de/bibel_fremdsprachen.html (lialemani) *http://www.worldscriptures.org/pages/lingala.html (lingɛlɛsi) [[Category:Boklísto]] [[af:Bybel]] [[ar:الكتاب المقدس]] [[ast:Biblia]] [[az:Müqəddəs Kitab]] [[ba:Библия]] [[bg:Библия]] [[bi:Baebol]] [[bm:Bibulu]] [[bn:বাইবেল]] [[br:Bibl]] [[bs:Biblija]] [[ca:Bíblia]] [[cs:Bible]] [[cv:Библи]] [[cy:Y Beibl]] [[da:Bibelen]] [[de:Bibel]] [[el:Αγία Γραφή]] [[en:Bible]] [[eo:Biblio]] [[es:Biblia]] [[et:Piibel]] [[eu:Biblia]] [[fa:انجیل]] [[fi:Raamattu]] [[fj:Ai Vola Tabu]] [[fr:Bible]] [[ga:An Bíobla]] [[gl:Biblia]] [[ha:Baibûl]] [[he:תנ"ך]] [[hi:बाइबिल]] [[ho:Baibel]] [[hr:Biblija]] [[ht:Bib]] [[hu:Biblia]] [[hy:Աստվածաշունչ]] [[hz:Ombeibela]] [[ia:Biblia]] [[id:Alkitab]] [[ig:Bible]] [[ilo:Biblia]] [[io:Biblo]] [[is:Biblían]] [[it:Bibbia]] [[ja:聖書]] [[ka:ბიბლია]] [[kg:Biblia]] [[ki:Biblia]] [[kk:Таурат және Інжіл]] [[ko:성서]] [[ku:Încîl]] [[kw:Bibel]] [[la:Biblia]] [[lad:Biblia]] [[lb:Bibel]] [[lg:Baibuli]] [[li:Biebel]] [[lt:Biblija]] [[mk:Библија]] [[ml:ബൈബിള്‍]] [[mn:Библи Cудар]] [[ms:Bible]] [[mt:Bibbja]] [[na:Bibel]] [[nds:Bibel]] [[nds-nl:Biebel]] [[ng:Ombimbeli]] [[nl:Bijbel (christendom)]] [[nn:Bibelen]] [[no:Bibelen]] [[nrm:Bibl'ye]] [[om:Kitaaba]] [[pa:ਬਾਈਬਲ]] [[pap:Bijbel]] [[pdc:Biwwel]] [[pl:Biblia]] [[pt:Bíblia]] [[rn:Bibiliya]] [[ro:Biblia]] [[ru:Библия]] [[rw:Bibiliya]] [[scn:Bibbia cristiana]] [[sg:Bible]] [[sh:Biblija]] [[simple:Bible]] [[sk:Biblia]] [[sl:Sveto pismo]] [[sm:Ole Tusipala]] [[sq:Bibla]] [[sr:Свето Писмо]] [[st:Bibele]] [[su:Alkitab]] [[sv:Bibeln]] [[ta:விவிலியம்]] [[tg:Таврот ва Инҷил]] [[th:คัมภีร์ไบเบิล]] [[tl:Bibliya]] [[tpi:Baibel]] [[tr:Kitabı Mukaddes]] [[ts:Bibele]] [[tt:İzge yazu]] [[tw:Bible]] [[uk:Біблія]] [[uz:Muqaddas Kitob]] [[ve:Bivhili]] [[vi:Kinh Thánh]] [[wo:Biibël]] [[yi:תנ"ך]] [[yo:Bíbélì Mimọ]] [[zh:聖經]] [[zh-min-nan:Sèng-keng]] [[zu:IBhayibheli]] 8929 2006-07-21T05:12:47Z Superzerocool 62 robot Modifie: pap {{ndámbo}} {{KimokristoS}} '''Biblíya''' ezalí [[búku]] bya [[bakrístu]]. [[Image:Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg|right|350px|]] *[[Genese]] *[[Exode]] *[[Yobo]] *[[Mokapo]] *[[Baloma]] *[[Misala]] *[[Nzembo]] *[[Yisaya]] *[[Yilimiya]] *[[Danyele]] *[[Mosakoli]] *[[Ezekiele]] *[[Emoniseli]] *[[Matai]] *[[Luka]] *[[Yoane]] *[[1 Timote]] *[[2 Timote]] *[[1 Petelo]] *[[2 Petelo]] *[[Yakobo]] *[[Bagalatia]] *[[Batesaloniki]] *[[Baebele]] *[[Masese]] ==Babúku== *Biblíya ISBN 0966843302 *Biblíya ISBN 9966-40-879-7 ABRDC-ABU, 2004 *Mokanda na Kondimana na Sika na nkolo na biso Yesu Masiya - Njembo ISBN 9966-40-110-5 SBRDC-ABU, 2000 *Mokanda na Kondimana na Sika na nkolo na biso Yesu Masiya - Njembo ISBN 9966-40-112-1 ==Nkásá o libándá== *Bulletin Dei Verbum, BDV 50, p.22 http://www.c-b-f.org/start.php?CONTID=08_01_02_03_01_03_00&LANG=en (lingɛlɛsi) *http://www.bibelarchiv-vegelahn.de/bibel_fremdsprachen.html (lialemani) *http://www.worldscriptures.org/pages/lingala.html (lingɛlɛsi) [[Category:Boklísto]] [[af:Bybel]] [[ar:الكتاب المقدس]] [[ast:Biblia]] [[az:Müqəddəs Kitab]] [[ba:Библия]] [[bg:Библия]] [[bi:Baebol]] [[bm:Bibulu]] [[bn:বাইবেল]] [[br:Bibl]] [[bs:Biblija]] [[ca:Bíblia]] [[cs:Bible]] [[cv:Библи]] [[cy:Y Beibl]] [[da:Bibelen]] [[de:Bibel]] [[el:Αγία Γραφή]] [[en:Bible]] [[eo:Biblio]] [[es:Biblia]] [[et:Piibel]] [[eu:Biblia]] [[fa:انجیل]] [[fi:Raamattu]] [[fj:Ai Vola Tabu]] [[fr:Bible]] [[ga:An Bíobla]] [[gl:Biblia]] [[ha:Baibûl]] [[he:תנ"ך]] [[hi:बाइबिल]] [[ho:Baibel]] [[hr:Biblija]] [[ht:Bib]] [[hu:Biblia]] [[hy:Աստվածաշունչ]] [[hz:Ombeibela]] [[ia:Biblia]] [[id:Alkitab]] [[ig:Bible]] [[ilo:Biblia]] [[io:Biblo]] [[is:Biblían]] [[it:Bibbia]] [[ja:聖書]] [[ka:ბიბლია]] [[kg:Biblia]] [[ki:Biblia]] [[kk:Таурат және Інжіл]] [[ko:성서]] [[ku:Încîl]] [[kw:Bibel]] [[la:Biblia]] [[lad:Biblia]] [[lb:Bibel]] [[lg:Baibuli]] [[li:Biebel]] [[lt:Biblija]] [[mk:Библија]] [[ml:ബൈബിള്‍]] [[mn:Библи Cудар]] [[ms:Bible]] [[mt:Bibbja]] [[na:Bibel]] [[nds:Bibel]] [[nds-nl:Biebel]] [[ng:Ombimbeli]] [[nl:Bijbel (christendom)]] [[nn:Bibelen]] [[no:Bibelen]] [[nrm:Bibl'ye]] [[om:Kitaaba]] [[pa:ਬਾਈਬਲ]] [[pap:Beibel]] [[pdc:Biwwel]] [[pl:Biblia]] [[pt:Bíblia]] [[rn:Bibiliya]] [[ro:Biblia]] [[ru:Библия]] [[rw:Bibiliya]] [[scn:Bibbia cristiana]] [[sg:Bible]] [[sh:Biblija]] [[simple:Bible]] [[sk:Biblia]] [[sl:Sveto pismo]] [[sm:Ole Tusipala]] [[sq:Bibla]] [[sr:Свето Писмо]] [[st:Bibele]] [[su:Alkitab]] [[sv:Bibeln]] [[ta:விவிலியம்]] [[tg:Таврот ва Инҷил]] [[th:คัมภีร์ไบเบิล]] [[tl:Bibliya]] [[tpi:Baibel]] [[tr:Kitabı Mukaddes]] [[ts:Bibele]] [[tt:İzge yazu]] [[tw:Bible]] [[uk:Біблія]] [[uz:Muqaddas Kitob]] [[ve:Bivhili]] [[vi:Kinh Thánh]] [[wo:Biibël]] [[yi:תנ"ך]] [[yo:Bíbélì Mimọ]] [[zh:聖經]] [[zh-min-nan:Sèng-keng]] [[zu:IBhayibheli]] 9014 2006-08-02T05:48:46Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: [[ee:Biblia]] {{ndámbo}} {{KimokristoS}} '''Biblíya''' ezalí [[búku]] bya [[bakrístu]]. [[Image:Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg|right|350px|]] *[[Genese]] *[[Exode]] *[[Yobo]] *[[Mokapo]] *[[Baloma]] *[[Misala]] *[[Nzembo]] *[[Yisaya]] *[[Yilimiya]] *[[Danyele]] *[[Mosakoli]] *[[Ezekiele]] *[[Emoniseli]] *[[Matai]] *[[Luka]] *[[Yoane]] *[[1 Timote]] *[[2 Timote]] *[[1 Petelo]] *[[2 Petelo]] *[[Yakobo]] *[[Bagalatia]] *[[Batesaloniki]] *[[Baebele]] *[[Masese]] ==Babúku== *Biblíya ISBN 0966843302 *Biblíya ISBN 9966-40-879-7 ABRDC-ABU, 2004 *Mokanda na Kondimana na Sika na nkolo na biso Yesu Masiya - Njembo ISBN 9966-40-110-5 SBRDC-ABU, 2000 *Mokanda na Kondimana na Sika na nkolo na biso Yesu Masiya - Njembo ISBN 9966-40-112-1 ==Nkásá o libándá== *Bulletin Dei Verbum, BDV 50, p.22 http://www.c-b-f.org/start.php?CONTID=08_01_02_03_01_03_00&LANG=en (lingɛlɛsi) *http://www.bibelarchiv-vegelahn.de/bibel_fremdsprachen.html (lialemani) *http://www.worldscriptures.org/pages/lingala.html (lingɛlɛsi) [[Category:Boklísto]] [[af:Bybel]] [[ar:الكتاب المقدس]] [[ast:Biblia]] [[az:Müqəddəs Kitab]] [[ba:Библия]] [[bg:Библия]] [[bi:Baebol]] [[bm:Bibulu]] [[bn:বাইবেল]] [[br:Bibl]] [[bs:Biblija]] [[ca:Bíblia]] [[cs:Bible]] [[cv:Библи]] [[cy:Y Beibl]] [[da:Bibelen]] [[de:Bibel]] [[ee:Biblia]] [[el:Αγία Γραφή]] [[en:Bible]] [[eo:Biblio]] [[es:Biblia]] [[et:Piibel]] [[eu:Biblia]] [[fa:انجیل]] [[fi:Raamattu]] [[fj:Ai Vola Tabu]] [[fr:Bible]] [[ga:An Bíobla]] [[gl:Biblia]] [[ha:Baibûl]] [[he:תנ"ך]] [[hi:बाइबिल]] [[ho:Baibel]] [[hr:Biblija]] [[ht:Bib]] [[hu:Biblia]] [[hy:Աստվածաշունչ]] [[hz:Ombeibela]] [[ia:Biblia]] [[id:Alkitab]] [[ig:Bible]] [[ilo:Biblia]] [[io:Biblo]] [[is:Biblían]] [[it:Bibbia]] [[ja:聖書]] [[ka:ბიბლია]] [[kg:Biblia]] [[ki:Biblia]] [[kk:Таурат және Інжіл]] [[ko:성서]] [[ku:Încîl]] [[kw:Bibel]] [[la:Biblia]] [[lad:Biblia]] [[lb:Bibel]] [[lg:Baibuli]] [[li:Biebel]] [[lt:Biblija]] [[mk:Библија]] [[ml:ബൈബിള്‍]] [[mn:Библи Cудар]] [[ms:Bible]] [[mt:Bibbja]] [[na:Bibel]] [[nds:Bibel]] [[nds-nl:Biebel]] [[ng:Ombimbeli]] [[nl:Bijbel (christendom)]] [[nn:Bibelen]] [[no:Bibelen]] [[nrm:Bibl'ye]] [[om:Kitaaba]] [[pa:ਬਾਈਬਲ]] [[pap:Beibel]] [[pdc:Biwwel]] [[pl:Biblia]] [[pt:Bíblia]] [[rn:Bibiliya]] [[ro:Biblia]] [[ru:Библия]] [[rw:Bibiliya]] [[scn:Bibbia cristiana]] [[sg:Bible]] [[sh:Biblija]] [[simple:Bible]] [[sk:Biblia]] [[sl:Sveto pismo]] [[sm:Ole Tusipala]] [[sq:Bibla]] [[sr:Свето Писмо]] [[st:Bibele]] [[su:Alkitab]] [[sv:Bibeln]] [[ta:விவிலியம்]] [[tg:Таврот ва Инҷил]] [[th:คัมภีร์ไบเบิล]] [[tl:Bibliya]] [[tpi:Baibel]] [[tr:Kitabı Mukaddes]] [[ts:Bibele]] [[tt:İzge yazu]] [[tw:Bible]] [[uk:Біблія]] [[uz:Muqaddas Kitob]] [[ve:Bivhili]] [[vi:Kinh Thánh]] [[wo:Biibël]] [[yi:תנ"ך]] [[yo:Bíbélì Mimọ]] [[zh:聖經]] [[zh-min-nan:Sèng-keng]] [[zu:IBhayibheli]] 9070 2006-08-06T05:59:37Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: kj, ny, sn {{ndámbo}} {{KimokristoS}} '''Biblíya''' ezalí [[búku]] bya [[bakrístu]]. [[Image:Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg|right|350px|]] *[[Genese]] *[[Exode]] *[[Yobo]] *[[Mokapo]] *[[Baloma]] *[[Misala]] *[[Nzembo]] *[[Yisaya]] *[[Yilimiya]] *[[Danyele]] *[[Mosakoli]] *[[Ezekiele]] *[[Emoniseli]] *[[Matai]] *[[Luka]] *[[Yoane]] *[[1 Timote]] *[[2 Timote]] *[[1 Petelo]] *[[2 Petelo]] *[[Yakobo]] *[[Bagalatia]] *[[Batesaloniki]] *[[Baebele]] *[[Masese]] ==Babúku== *Biblíya ISBN 0966843302 *Biblíya ISBN 9966-40-879-7 ABRDC-ABU, 2004 *Mokanda na Kondimana na Sika na nkolo na biso Yesu Masiya - Njembo ISBN 9966-40-110-5 SBRDC-ABU, 2000 *Mokanda na Kondimana na Sika na nkolo na biso Yesu Masiya - Njembo ISBN 9966-40-112-1 ==Nkásá o libándá== *Bulletin Dei Verbum, BDV 50, p.22 http://www.c-b-f.org/start.php?CONTID=08_01_02_03_01_03_00&LANG=en (lingɛlɛsi) *http://www.bibelarchiv-vegelahn.de/bibel_fremdsprachen.html (lialemani) *http://www.worldscriptures.org/pages/lingala.html (lingɛlɛsi) [[Category:Boklísto]] [[af:Bybel]] [[ar:الكتاب المقدس]] [[ast:Biblia]] [[az:Müqəddəs Kitab]] [[ba:Библия]] [[bg:Библия]] [[bi:Baebol]] [[bm:Bibulu]] [[bn:বাইবেল]] [[br:Bibl]] [[bs:Biblija]] [[ca:Bíblia]] [[cs:Bible]] [[cv:Библи]] [[cy:Y Beibl]] [[da:Bibelen]] [[de:Bibel]] [[ee:Biblia]] [[el:Αγία Γραφή]] [[en:Bible]] [[eo:Biblio]] [[es:Biblia]] [[et:Piibel]] [[eu:Biblia]] [[fa:انجیل]] [[fi:Raamattu]] [[fj:Ai Vola Tabu]] [[fr:Bible]] [[ga:An Bíobla]] [[gl:Biblia]] [[ha:Baibûl]] [[he:תנ"ך]] [[hi:बाइबिल]] [[ho:Baibel]] [[hr:Biblija]] [[ht:Bib]] [[hu:Biblia]] [[hy:Աստվածաշունչ]] [[hz:Ombeibela]] [[ia:Biblia]] [[id:Alkitab]] [[ig:Bible]] [[ilo:Biblia]] [[io:Biblo]] [[is:Biblían]] [[it:Bibbia]] [[ja:聖書]] [[ka:ბიბლია]] [[kg:Biblia]] [[ki:Biblia]] [[kj:Ombibeli]] [[kk:Таурат және Інжіл]] [[ko:성서]] [[ku:Încîl]] [[kw:Bibel]] [[la:Biblia]] [[lad:Biblia]] [[lb:Bibel]] [[lg:Baibuli]] [[li:Biebel]] [[lt:Biblija]] [[mk:Библија]] [[ml:ബൈബിള്‍]] [[mn:Библи Cудар]] [[ms:Bible]] [[mt:Bibbja]] [[na:Bibel]] [[nds:Bibel]] [[nds-nl:Biebel]] [[ng:Ombimbeli]] [[nl:Bijbel (christendom)]] [[nn:Bibelen]] [[no:Bibelen]] [[nrm:Bibl'ye]] [[ny:Baibulo]] [[om:Kitaaba]] [[pa:ਬਾਈਬਲ]] [[pap:Beibel]] [[pdc:Biwwel]] [[pl:Biblia]] [[pt:Bíblia]] [[rn:Bibiliya]] [[ro:Biblia]] [[ru:Библия]] [[rw:Bibiliya]] [[scn:Bibbia cristiana]] [[sg:Bible]] [[sh:Biblija]] [[simple:Bible]] [[sk:Biblia]] [[sl:Sveto pismo]] [[sm:Ole Tusipala]] [[sn:Bhaibheri]] [[sq:Bibla]] [[sr:Свето Писмо]] [[st:Bibele]] [[su:Alkitab]] [[sv:Bibeln]] [[ta:விவிலியம்]] [[tg:Таврот ва Инҷил]] [[th:คัมภีร์ไบเบิล]] [[tl:Bibliya]] [[tpi:Baibel]] [[tr:Kitabı Mukaddes]] [[ts:Bibele]] [[tt:İzge yazu]] [[tw:Bible]] [[uk:Біблія]] [[uz:Muqaddas Kitob]] [[ve:Bivhili]] [[vi:Kinh Thánh]] [[wo:Biibël]] [[yi:תנ"ך]] [[yo:Bíbélì Mimọ]] [[zh:聖經]] [[zh-min-nan:Sèng-keng]] [[zu:IBhayibheli]] 9071 2006-08-07T04:21:14Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: ty, xh {{ndámbo}} {{KimokristoS}} '''Biblíya''' ezalí [[búku]] bya [[bakrístu]]. [[Image:Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg|right|350px|]] *[[Genese]] *[[Exode]] *[[Yobo]] *[[Mokapo]] *[[Baloma]] *[[Misala]] *[[Nzembo]] *[[Yisaya]] *[[Yilimiya]] *[[Danyele]] *[[Mosakoli]] *[[Ezekiele]] *[[Emoniseli]] *[[Matai]] *[[Luka]] *[[Yoane]] *[[1 Timote]] *[[2 Timote]] *[[1 Petelo]] *[[2 Petelo]] *[[Yakobo]] *[[Bagalatia]] *[[Batesaloniki]] *[[Baebele]] *[[Masese]] ==Babúku== *Biblíya ISBN 0966843302 *Biblíya ISBN 9966-40-879-7 ABRDC-ABU, 2004 *Mokanda na Kondimana na Sika na nkolo na biso Yesu Masiya - Njembo ISBN 9966-40-110-5 SBRDC-ABU, 2000 *Mokanda na Kondimana na Sika na nkolo na biso Yesu Masiya - Njembo ISBN 9966-40-112-1 ==Nkásá o libándá== *Bulletin Dei Verbum, BDV 50, p.22 http://www.c-b-f.org/start.php?CONTID=08_01_02_03_01_03_00&LANG=en (lingɛlɛsi) *http://www.bibelarchiv-vegelahn.de/bibel_fremdsprachen.html (lialemani) *http://www.worldscriptures.org/pages/lingala.html (lingɛlɛsi) [[Category:Boklísto]] [[af:Bybel]] [[ar:الكتاب المقدس]] [[ast:Biblia]] [[az:Müqəddəs Kitab]] [[ba:Библия]] [[bg:Библия]] [[bi:Baebol]] [[bm:Bibulu]] [[bn:বাইবেল]] [[br:Bibl]] [[bs:Biblija]] [[ca:Bíblia]] [[cs:Bible]] [[cv:Библи]] [[cy:Y Beibl]] [[da:Bibelen]] [[de:Bibel]] [[ee:Biblia]] [[el:Αγία Γραφή]] [[en:Bible]] [[eo:Biblio]] [[es:Biblia]] [[et:Piibel]] [[eu:Biblia]] [[fa:انجیل]] [[fi:Raamattu]] [[fj:Ai Vola Tabu]] [[fr:Bible]] [[ga:An Bíobla]] [[gl:Biblia]] [[ha:Baibûl]] [[he:תנ"ך]] [[hi:बाइबिल]] [[ho:Baibel]] [[hr:Biblija]] [[ht:Bib]] [[hu:Biblia]] [[hy:Աստվածաշունչ]] [[hz:Ombeibela]] [[ia:Biblia]] [[id:Alkitab]] [[ig:Bible]] [[ilo:Biblia]] [[io:Biblo]] [[is:Biblían]] [[it:Bibbia]] [[ja:聖書]] [[ka:ბიბლია]] [[kg:Biblia]] [[ki:Biblia]] [[kj:Ombibeli]] [[kk:Таурат және Інжіл]] [[ko:성서]] [[ku:Încîl]] [[kw:Bibel]] [[la:Biblia]] [[lad:Biblia]] [[lb:Bibel]] [[lg:Baibuli]] [[li:Biebel]] [[lt:Biblija]] [[mk:Библија]] [[ml:ബൈബിള്‍]] [[mn:Библи Cудар]] [[ms:Bible]] [[mt:Bibbja]] [[na:Bibel]] [[nds:Bibel]] [[nds-nl:Biebel]] [[ng:Ombimbeli]] [[nl:Bijbel (christendom)]] [[nn:Bibelen]] [[no:Bibelen]] [[nrm:Bibl'ye]] [[ny:Baibulo]] [[om:Kitaaba]] [[pa:ਬਾਈਬਲ]] [[pap:Beibel]] [[pdc:Biwwel]] [[pl:Biblia]] [[pt:Bíblia]] [[rn:Bibiliya]] [[ro:Biblia]] [[ru:Библия]] [[rw:Bibiliya]] [[scn:Bibbia cristiana]] [[sg:Bible]] [[sh:Biblija]] [[simple:Bible]] [[sk:Biblia]] [[sl:Sveto pismo]] [[sm:Ole Tusipala]] [[sn:Bhaibheri]] [[sq:Bibla]] [[sr:Свето Писмо]] [[st:Bibele]] [[su:Alkitab]] [[sv:Bibeln]] [[ta:விவிலியம்]] [[tg:Таврот ва Инҷил]] [[th:คัมภีร์ไบเบิล]] [[tl:Bibliya]] [[tpi:Baibel]] [[tr:Kitabı Mukaddes]] [[ts:Bibele]] [[tt:İzge yazu]] [[tw:Bible]] [[ty:Bibilia]] [[uk:Біблія]] [[uz:Muqaddas Kitob]] [[ve:Bivhili]] [[vi:Kinh Thánh]] [[wo:Biibël]] [[xh:IBhayibhile]] [[yi:תנ"ך]] [[yo:Bíbélì Mimọ]] [[zh:聖經]] [[zh-min-nan:Sèng-keng]] [[zu:IBhayibheli]] 9217 2006-08-31T10:28:18Z Bombo 12 +Marko {{ndámbo}} {{KimokristoS}} '''Biblíya''' ezalí [[búku]] bya [[bakrístu]]. [[Image:Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg|right|350px|]] *[[Genese]] *[[Exode]] *[[Yobo]] *[[Mokapo]] *[[Baloma]] *[[Misala]] *[[Nzembo]] *[[Yisaya]] *[[Yilimiya]] *[[Danyele]] *[[Mosakoli]] *[[Ezekiele]] *[[Emoniseli]] *[[Marko]] *[[Matai]] *[[Luka]] *[[Yoane]] *[[1 Timote]] *[[2 Timote]] *[[1 Petelo]] *[[2 Petelo]] *[[Yakobo]] *[[Bagalatia]] *[[Batesaloniki]] *[[Baebele]] *[[Masese]] ==Babúku== *Biblíya ISBN 0966843302 *Biblíya ISBN 9966-40-879-7 ABRDC-ABU, 2004 *Mokanda na Kondimana na Sika na nkolo na biso Yesu Masiya - Njembo ISBN 9966-40-110-5 SBRDC-ABU, 2000 *Mokanda na Kondimana na Sika na nkolo na biso Yesu Masiya - Njembo ISBN 9966-40-112-1 ==Nkásá o libándá== *Bulletin Dei Verbum, BDV 50, p.22 http://www.c-b-f.org/start.php?CONTID=08_01_02_03_01_03_00&LANG=en (lingɛlɛsi) *http://www.bibelarchiv-vegelahn.de/bibel_fremdsprachen.html (lialemani) *http://www.worldscriptures.org/pages/lingala.html (lingɛlɛsi) [[Category:Boklísto]] [[af:Bybel]] [[ar:الكتاب المقدس]] [[ast:Biblia]] [[az:Müqəddəs Kitab]] [[ba:Библия]] [[bg:Библия]] [[bi:Baebol]] [[bm:Bibulu]] [[bn:বাইবেল]] [[br:Bibl]] [[bs:Biblija]] [[ca:Bíblia]] [[cs:Bible]] [[cv:Библи]] [[cy:Y Beibl]] [[da:Bibelen]] [[de:Bibel]] [[ee:Biblia]] [[el:Αγία Γραφή]] [[en:Bible]] [[eo:Biblio]] [[es:Biblia]] [[et:Piibel]] [[eu:Biblia]] [[fa:انجیل]] [[fi:Raamattu]] [[fj:Ai Vola Tabu]] [[fr:Bible]] [[ga:An Bíobla]] [[gl:Biblia]] [[ha:Baibûl]] [[he:תנ"ך]] [[hi:बाइबिल]] [[ho:Baibel]] [[hr:Biblija]] [[ht:Bib]] [[hu:Biblia]] [[hy:Աստվածաշունչ]] [[hz:Ombeibela]] [[ia:Biblia]] [[id:Alkitab]] [[ig:Bible]] [[ilo:Biblia]] [[io:Biblo]] [[is:Biblían]] [[it:Bibbia]] [[ja:聖書]] [[ka:ბიბლია]] [[kg:Biblia]] [[ki:Biblia]] [[kj:Ombibeli]] [[kk:Таурат және Інжіл]] [[ko:성서]] [[ku:Încîl]] [[kw:Bibel]] [[la:Biblia]] [[lad:Biblia]] [[lb:Bibel]] [[lg:Baibuli]] [[li:Biebel]] [[lt:Biblija]] [[mk:Библија]] [[ml:ബൈബിള്‍]] [[mn:Библи Cудар]] [[ms:Bible]] [[mt:Bibbja]] [[na:Bibel]] [[nds:Bibel]] [[nds-nl:Biebel]] [[ng:Ombimbeli]] [[nl:Bijbel (christendom)]] [[nn:Bibelen]] [[no:Bibelen]] [[nrm:Bibl'ye]] [[ny:Baibulo]] [[om:Kitaaba]] [[pa:ਬਾਈਬਲ]] [[pap:Beibel]] [[pdc:Biwwel]] [[pl:Biblia]] [[pt:Bíblia]] [[rn:Bibiliya]] [[ro:Biblia]] [[ru:Библия]] [[rw:Bibiliya]] [[scn:Bibbia cristiana]] [[sg:Bible]] [[sh:Biblija]] [[simple:Bible]] [[sk:Biblia]] [[sl:Sveto pismo]] [[sm:Ole Tusipala]] [[sn:Bhaibheri]] [[sq:Bibla]] [[sr:Свето Писмо]] [[st:Bibele]] [[su:Alkitab]] [[sv:Bibeln]] [[ta:விவிலியம்]] [[tg:Таврот ва Инҷил]] [[th:คัมภีร์ไบเบิล]] [[tl:Bibliya]] [[tpi:Baibel]] [[tr:Kitabı Mukaddes]] [[ts:Bibele]] [[tt:İzge yazu]] [[tw:Bible]] [[ty:Bibilia]] [[uk:Біблія]] [[uz:Muqaddas Kitob]] [[ve:Bivhili]] [[vi:Kinh Thánh]] [[wo:Biibël]] [[xh:IBhayibhile]] [[yi:תנ"ך]] [[yo:Bíbélì Mimọ]] [[zh:聖經]] [[zh-min-nan:Sèng-keng]] [[zu:IBhayibheli]] 9219 2006-08-31T10:59:42Z Bombo 12 {{ndámbo}} {{KimokristoS}} [[Image:Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg|left|250px|Biblíya]] '''Biblíya''' ezalí [[búku]] bya [[bakrístu]]. *'''Kondimana na ''' **[[Genese]] **[[Exode]] **[[Yobo]] **[[Mokapo]] **[[Baloma]] **[[Misala]] **[[Nzembo]] **[[Yisaya]] **[[Yilimiya]] **[[Danyele]] **[[Mosakoli]] **[[Ezekiele]] **[[Emoniseli]] *'''Kondimana na Sika''' **[[Marko]] **[[Matai]] **[[Luka]] **[[Yoane]] **[[1 Timote]] **[[2 Timote]] **[[1 Petelo]] **[[2 Petelo]] **[[Yakobo]] **[[Bagalatia]] **[[Batesaloniki]] **[[Baebele]] **[[Masese]] ==Tála mpé== ===Babúku=== *Biblíya ISBN 0966843302 *Biblíya ISBN 9966-40-879-7 ABRDC-ABU, 2004 *Mokanda na Kondimana na Sika na nkolo na biso Yesu Masiya - Njembo ISBN 9966-40-110-5 SBRDC-ABU, 2000 *Mokanda na Kondimana na Sika na nkolo na biso Yesu Masiya - Njembo ISBN 9966-40-112-1 ===Nkásá o libándá=== *Bulletin Dei Verbum, BDV 50, p.22 http://www.c-b-f.org/start.php?CONTID=08_01_02_03_01_03_00&LANG=en (lingɛlɛsi) *http://www.bibelarchiv-vegelahn.de/bibel_fremdsprachen.html (lialemani) *http://www.worldscriptures.org/pages/lingala.html (lingɛlɛsi) [[Category:Boklísto]] [[af:Bybel]] [[ar:الكتاب المقدس]] [[ast:Biblia]] [[az:Müqəddəs Kitab]] [[ba:Библия]] [[bg:Библия]] [[bi:Baebol]] [[bm:Bibulu]] [[bn:বাইবেল]] [[br:Bibl]] [[bs:Biblija]] [[ca:Bíblia]] [[cs:Bible]] [[cv:Библи]] [[cy:Y Beibl]] [[da:Bibelen]] [[de:Bibel]] [[ee:Biblia]] [[el:Αγία Γραφή]] [[en:Bible]] [[eo:Biblio]] [[es:Biblia]] [[et:Piibel]] [[eu:Biblia]] [[fa:انجیل]] [[fi:Raamattu]] [[fj:Ai Vola Tabu]] [[fr:Bible]] [[ga:An Bíobla]] [[gl:Biblia]] [[ha:Baibûl]] [[he:תנ"ך]] [[hi:बाइबिल]] [[ho:Baibel]] [[hr:Biblija]] [[ht:Bib]] [[hu:Biblia]] [[hy:Աստվածաշունչ]] [[hz:Ombeibela]] [[ia:Biblia]] [[id:Alkitab]] [[ig:Bible]] [[ilo:Biblia]] [[io:Biblo]] [[is:Biblían]] [[it:Bibbia]] [[ja:聖書]] [[ka:ბიბლია]] [[kg:Biblia]] [[ki:Biblia]] [[kj:Ombibeli]] [[kk:Таурат және Інжіл]] [[ko:성서]] [[ku:Încîl]] [[kw:Bibel]] [[la:Biblia]] [[lad:Biblia]] [[lb:Bibel]] [[lg:Baibuli]] [[li:Biebel]] [[lt:Biblija]] [[mk:Библија]] [[ml:ബൈബിള്‍]] [[mn:Библи Cудар]] [[ms:Bible]] [[mt:Bibbja]] [[na:Bibel]] [[nds:Bibel]] [[nds-nl:Biebel]] [[ng:Ombimbeli]] [[nl:Bijbel (christendom)]] [[nn:Bibelen]] [[no:Bibelen]] [[nrm:Bibl'ye]] [[ny:Baibulo]] [[om:Kitaaba]] [[pa:ਬਾਈਬਲ]] [[pap:Beibel]] [[pdc:Biwwel]] [[pl:Biblia]] [[pt:Bíblia]] [[rn:Bibiliya]] [[ro:Biblia]] [[ru:Библия]] [[rw:Bibiliya]] [[scn:Bibbia cristiana]] [[sg:Bible]] [[sh:Biblija]] [[simple:Bible]] [[sk:Biblia]] [[sl:Sveto pismo]] [[sm:Ole Tusipala]] [[sn:Bhaibheri]] [[sq:Bibla]] [[sr:Свето Писмо]] [[st:Bibele]] [[su:Alkitab]] [[sv:Bibeln]] [[ta:விவிலியம்]] [[tg:Таврот ва Инҷил]] [[th:คัมภีร์ไบเบิล]] [[tl:Bibliya]] [[tpi:Baibel]] [[tr:Kitabı Mukaddes]] [[ts:Bibele]] [[tt:İzge yazu]] [[tw:Bible]] [[ty:Bibilia]] [[uk:Біблія]] [[uz:Muqaddas Kitob]] [[ve:Bivhili]] [[vi:Kinh Thánh]] [[wo:Biibël]] [[xh:IBhayibhile]] [[yi:תנ"ך]] [[yo:Bíbélì Mimọ]] [[zh:聖經]] [[zh-min-nan:Sèng-keng]] [[zu:IBhayibheli]] 9222 2006-08-31T11:15:07Z Bombo 12 {{ndámbo}} {{KimokristoS}} [[Image:Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg|left|250px|Biblíya]] '''Biblíya''' ezalí [[búku]] bya [[bakrístu]]. *'''Kondimana na kala''' **[[Genese]] **[[Exode]] **[[Yobo]] **[[Mokapo]] **[[Baloma]] **[[Misala]] **[[Nzembo]] **[[Yisaya]] **[[Yilimiya]] **[[Danyele]] **[[Mosakoli]] **[[Ezekiele]] **[[Emoniseli]] *'''Kondimana na Sika''' **[[Marko]] **[[Matai]] **[[Luka]] **[[Yoane]] **[[1 Timote]] **[[2 Timote]] **[[1 Petelo]] **[[2 Petelo]] **[[Yakobo]] **[[Bagalatia]] **[[Batesaloniki]] **[[Baebele]] **[[Masese]] ==Tála mpé== ===Babúku=== *Biblíya ISBN 0966843302 *Biblíya ISBN 9966-40-879-7 ABRDC-ABU, 2004 *Mokanda na Kondimana na Sika na nkolo na biso Yesu Masiya - Njembo ISBN 9966-40-110-5 SBRDC-ABU, 2000 *Mokanda na Kondimana na Sika na nkolo na biso Yesu Masiya - Njembo ISBN 9966-40-112-1 ===Nkásá o libándá=== *Bulletin Dei Verbum, BDV 50, p.22 http://www.c-b-f.org/start.php?CONTID=08_01_02_03_01_03_00&LANG=en (lingɛlɛsi) *http://www.bibelarchiv-vegelahn.de/bibel_fremdsprachen.html (lialemani) *http://www.worldscriptures.org/pages/lingala.html (lingɛlɛsi) [[Category:Boklísto]] [[af:Bybel]] [[ar:الكتاب المقدس]] [[ast:Biblia]] [[az:Müqəddəs Kitab]] [[ba:Библия]] [[bg:Библия]] [[bi:Baebol]] [[bm:Bibulu]] [[bn:বাইবেল]] [[br:Bibl]] [[bs:Biblija]] [[ca:Bíblia]] [[cs:Bible]] [[cv:Библи]] [[cy:Y Beibl]] [[da:Bibelen]] [[de:Bibel]] [[ee:Biblia]] [[el:Αγία Γραφή]] [[en:Bible]] [[eo:Biblio]] [[es:Biblia]] [[et:Piibel]] [[eu:Biblia]] [[fa:انجیل]] [[fi:Raamattu]] [[fj:Ai Vola Tabu]] [[fr:Bible]] [[ga:An Bíobla]] [[gl:Biblia]] [[ha:Baibûl]] [[he:תנ"ך]] [[hi:बाइबिल]] [[ho:Baibel]] [[hr:Biblija]] [[ht:Bib]] [[hu:Biblia]] [[hy:Աստվածաշունչ]] [[hz:Ombeibela]] [[ia:Biblia]] [[id:Alkitab]] [[ig:Bible]] [[ilo:Biblia]] [[io:Biblo]] [[is:Biblían]] [[it:Bibbia]] [[ja:聖書]] [[ka:ბიბლია]] [[kg:Biblia]] [[ki:Biblia]] [[kj:Ombibeli]] [[kk:Таурат және Інжіл]] [[ko:성서]] [[ku:Încîl]] [[kw:Bibel]] [[la:Biblia]] [[lad:Biblia]] [[lb:Bibel]] [[lg:Baibuli]] [[li:Biebel]] [[lt:Biblija]] [[mk:Библија]] [[ml:ബൈബിള്‍]] [[mn:Библи Cудар]] [[ms:Bible]] [[mt:Bibbja]] [[na:Bibel]] [[nds:Bibel]] [[nds-nl:Biebel]] [[ng:Ombimbeli]] [[nl:Bijbel (christendom)]] [[nn:Bibelen]] [[no:Bibelen]] [[nrm:Bibl'ye]] [[ny:Baibulo]] [[om:Kitaaba]] [[pa:ਬਾਈਬਲ]] [[pap:Beibel]] [[pdc:Biwwel]] [[pl:Biblia]] [[pt:Bíblia]] [[rn:Bibiliya]] [[ro:Biblia]] [[ru:Библия]] [[rw:Bibiliya]] [[scn:Bibbia cristiana]] [[sg:Bible]] [[sh:Biblija]] [[simple:Bible]] [[sk:Biblia]] [[sl:Sveto pismo]] [[sm:Ole Tusipala]] [[sn:Bhaibheri]] [[sq:Bibla]] [[sr:Свето Писмо]] [[st:Bibele]] [[su:Alkitab]] [[sv:Bibeln]] [[ta:விவிலியம்]] [[tg:Таврот ва Инҷил]] [[th:คัมภีร์ไบเบิล]] [[tl:Bibliya]] [[tpi:Baibel]] [[tr:Kitabı Mukaddes]] [[ts:Bibele]] [[tt:İzge yazu]] [[tw:Bible]] [[ty:Bibilia]] [[uk:Біблія]] [[uz:Muqaddas Kitob]] [[ve:Bivhili]] [[vi:Kinh Thánh]] [[wo:Biibël]] [[xh:IBhayibhile]] [[yi:תנ"ך]] [[yo:Bíbélì Mimọ]] [[zh:聖經]] [[zh-min-nan:Sèng-keng]] [[zu:IBhayibheli]] 9323 2006-09-06T05:38:34Z Escarbot 73 robot Modifie: [[tw:Twere Kronkron]] {{ndámbo}} {{KimokristoS}} [[Image:Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg|left|250px|Biblíya]] '''Biblíya''' ezalí [[búku]] bya [[bakrístu]]. *'''Kondimana na kala''' **[[Genese]] **[[Exode]] **[[Yobo]] **[[Mokapo]] **[[Baloma]] **[[Misala]] **[[Nzembo]] **[[Yisaya]] **[[Yilimiya]] **[[Danyele]] **[[Mosakoli]] **[[Ezekiele]] **[[Emoniseli]] *'''Kondimana na Sika''' **[[Marko]] **[[Matai]] **[[Luka]] **[[Yoane]] **[[1 Timote]] **[[2 Timote]] **[[1 Petelo]] **[[2 Petelo]] **[[Yakobo]] **[[Bagalatia]] **[[Batesaloniki]] **[[Baebele]] **[[Masese]] ==Tála mpé== ===Babúku=== *Biblíya ISBN 0966843302 *Biblíya ISBN 9966-40-879-7 ABRDC-ABU, 2004 *Mokanda na Kondimana na Sika na nkolo na biso Yesu Masiya - Njembo ISBN 9966-40-110-5 SBRDC-ABU, 2000 *Mokanda na Kondimana na Sika na nkolo na biso Yesu Masiya - Njembo ISBN 9966-40-112-1 ===Nkásá o libándá=== *Bulletin Dei Verbum, BDV 50, p.22 http://www.c-b-f.org/start.php?CONTID=08_01_02_03_01_03_00&LANG=en (lingɛlɛsi) *http://www.bibelarchiv-vegelahn.de/bibel_fremdsprachen.html (lialemani) *http://www.worldscriptures.org/pages/lingala.html (lingɛlɛsi) [[Category:Boklísto]] [[af:Bybel]] [[ar:الكتاب المقدس]] [[ast:Biblia]] [[az:Müqəddəs Kitab]] [[ba:Библия]] [[bg:Библия]] [[bi:Baebol]] [[bm:Bibulu]] [[bn:বাইবেল]] [[br:Bibl]] [[bs:Biblija]] [[ca:Bíblia]] [[cs:Bible]] [[cv:Библи]] [[cy:Y Beibl]] [[da:Bibelen]] [[de:Bibel]] [[ee:Biblia]] [[el:Αγία Γραφή]] [[en:Bible]] [[eo:Biblio]] [[es:Biblia]] [[et:Piibel]] [[eu:Biblia]] [[fa:انجیل]] [[fi:Raamattu]] [[fj:Ai Vola Tabu]] [[fr:Bible]] [[ga:An Bíobla]] [[gl:Biblia]] [[ha:Baibûl]] [[he:תנ"ך]] [[hi:बाइबिल]] [[ho:Baibel]] [[hr:Biblija]] [[ht:Bib]] [[hu:Biblia]] [[hy:Աստվածաշունչ]] [[hz:Ombeibela]] [[ia:Biblia]] [[id:Alkitab]] [[ig:Bible]] [[ilo:Biblia]] [[io:Biblo]] [[is:Biblían]] [[it:Bibbia]] [[ja:聖書]] [[ka:ბიბლია]] [[kg:Biblia]] [[ki:Biblia]] [[kj:Ombibeli]] [[kk:Таурат және Інжіл]] [[ko:성서]] [[ku:Încîl]] [[kw:Bibel]] [[la:Biblia]] [[lad:Biblia]] [[lb:Bibel]] [[lg:Baibuli]] [[li:Biebel]] [[lt:Biblija]] [[mk:Библија]] [[ml:ബൈബിള്‍]] [[mn:Библи Cудар]] [[ms:Bible]] [[mt:Bibbja]] [[na:Bibel]] [[nds:Bibel]] [[nds-nl:Biebel]] [[ng:Ombimbeli]] [[nl:Bijbel (christendom)]] [[nn:Bibelen]] [[no:Bibelen]] [[nrm:Bibl'ye]] [[ny:Baibulo]] [[om:Kitaaba]] [[pa:ਬਾਈਬਲ]] [[pap:Beibel]] [[pdc:Biwwel]] [[pl:Biblia]] [[pt:Bíblia]] [[rn:Bibiliya]] [[ro:Biblia]] [[ru:Библия]] [[rw:Bibiliya]] [[scn:Bibbia cristiana]] [[sg:Bible]] [[sh:Biblija]] [[simple:Bible]] [[sk:Biblia]] [[sl:Sveto pismo]] [[sm:Ole Tusipala]] [[sn:Bhaibheri]] [[sq:Bibla]] [[sr:Свето Писмо]] [[st:Bibele]] [[su:Alkitab]] [[sv:Bibeln]] [[ta:விவிலியம்]] [[tg:Таврот ва Инҷил]] [[th:คัมภีร์ไบเบิล]] [[tl:Bibliya]] [[tpi:Baibel]] [[tr:Kitabı Mukaddes]] [[ts:Bibele]] [[tt:İzge yazu]] [[tw:Twere Kronkron]] [[ty:Bibilia]] [[uk:Біблія]] [[uz:Muqaddas Kitob]] [[ve:Bivhili]] [[vi:Kinh Thánh]] [[wo:Biibël]] [[xh:IBhayibhile]] [[yi:תנ"ך]] [[yo:Bíbélì Mimọ]] [[zh:聖經]] [[zh-min-nan:Sèng-keng]] [[zu:IBhayibheli]] 9350 2006-09-14T17:04:57Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: gd {{ndámbo}} {{KimokristoS}} [[Image:Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg|left|250px|Biblíya]] '''Biblíya''' ezalí [[búku]] bya [[bakrístu]]. *'''Kondimana na kala''' **[[Genese]] **[[Exode]] **[[Yobo]] **[[Mokapo]] **[[Baloma]] **[[Misala]] **[[Nzembo]] **[[Yisaya]] **[[Yilimiya]] **[[Danyele]] **[[Mosakoli]] **[[Ezekiele]] **[[Emoniseli]] *'''Kondimana na Sika''' **[[Marko]] **[[Matai]] **[[Luka]] **[[Yoane]] **[[1 Timote]] **[[2 Timote]] **[[1 Petelo]] **[[2 Petelo]] **[[Yakobo]] **[[Bagalatia]] **[[Batesaloniki]] **[[Baebele]] **[[Masese]] ==Tála mpé== ===Babúku=== *Biblíya ISBN 0966843302 *Biblíya ISBN 9966-40-879-7 ABRDC-ABU, 2004 *Mokanda na Kondimana na Sika na nkolo na biso Yesu Masiya - Njembo ISBN 9966-40-110-5 SBRDC-ABU, 2000 *Mokanda na Kondimana na Sika na nkolo na biso Yesu Masiya - Njembo ISBN 9966-40-112-1 ===Nkásá o libándá=== *Bulletin Dei Verbum, BDV 50, p.22 http://www.c-b-f.org/start.php?CONTID=08_01_02_03_01_03_00&LANG=en (lingɛlɛsi) *http://www.bibelarchiv-vegelahn.de/bibel_fremdsprachen.html (lialemani) *http://www.worldscriptures.org/pages/lingala.html (lingɛlɛsi) [[Category:Boklísto]] [[af:Bybel]] [[ar:الكتاب المقدس]] [[ast:Biblia]] [[az:Müqəddəs Kitab]] [[ba:Библия]] [[bg:Библия]] [[bi:Baebol]] [[bm:Bibulu]] [[bn:বাইবেল]] [[br:Bibl]] [[bs:Biblija]] [[ca:Bíblia]] [[cs:Bible]] [[cv:Библи]] [[cy:Y Beibl]] [[da:Bibelen]] [[de:Bibel]] [[ee:Biblia]] [[el:Αγία Γραφή]] [[en:Bible]] [[eo:Biblio]] [[es:Biblia]] [[et:Piibel]] [[eu:Biblia]] [[fa:انجیل]] [[fi:Raamattu]] [[fj:Ai Vola Tabu]] [[fr:Bible]] [[ga:An Bíobla]] [[gd:Bioball]] [[gl:Biblia]] [[ha:Baibûl]] [[he:תנ"ך]] [[hi:बाइबिल]] [[ho:Baibel]] [[hr:Biblija]] [[ht:Bib]] [[hu:Biblia]] [[hy:Աստվածաշունչ]] [[hz:Ombeibela]] [[ia:Biblia]] [[id:Alkitab]] [[ig:Bible]] [[ilo:Biblia]] [[io:Biblo]] [[is:Biblían]] [[it:Bibbia]] [[ja:聖書]] [[ka:ბიბლია]] [[kg:Biblia]] [[ki:Biblia]] [[kj:Ombibeli]] [[kk:Таурат және Інжіл]] [[ko:성서]] [[ku:Încîl]] [[kw:Bibel]] [[la:Biblia]] [[lad:Biblia]] [[lb:Bibel]] [[lg:Baibuli]] [[li:Biebel]] [[lt:Biblija]] [[mk:Библија]] [[ml:ബൈബിള്‍]] [[mn:Библи Cудар]] [[ms:Bible]] [[mt:Bibbja]] [[na:Bibel]] [[nds:Bibel]] [[nds-nl:Biebel]] [[ng:Ombimbeli]] [[nl:Bijbel (christendom)]] [[nn:Bibelen]] [[no:Bibelen]] [[nrm:Bibl'ye]] [[ny:Baibulo]] [[om:Kitaaba]] [[pa:ਬਾਈਬਲ]] [[pap:Beibel]] [[pdc:Biwwel]] [[pl:Biblia]] [[pt:Bíblia]] [[rn:Bibiliya]] [[ro:Biblia]] [[ru:Библия]] [[rw:Bibiliya]] [[scn:Bibbia cristiana]] [[sg:Bible]] [[sh:Biblija]] [[simple:Bible]] [[sk:Biblia]] [[sl:Sveto pismo]] [[sm:Ole Tusipala]] [[sn:Bhaibheri]] [[sq:Bibla]] [[sr:Свето Писмо]] [[st:Bibele]] [[su:Alkitab]] [[sv:Bibeln]] [[ta:விவிலியம்]] [[tg:Таврот ва Инҷил]] [[th:คัมภีร์ไบเบิล]] [[tl:Bibliya]] [[tpi:Baibel]] [[tr:Kitabı Mukaddes]] [[ts:Bibele]] [[tt:İzge yazu]] [[tw:Twere Kronkron]] [[ty:Bibilia]] [[uk:Біблія]] [[uz:Muqaddas Kitob]] [[ve:Bivhili]] [[vi:Kinh Thánh]] [[wo:Biibël]] [[xh:IBhayibhile]] [[yi:תנ"ך]] [[yo:Bíbélì Mimọ]] [[zh:聖經]] [[zh-min-nan:Sèng-keng]] [[zu:IBhayibheli]] 9362 2006-09-17T17:48:47Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: ur {{ndámbo}} {{KimokristoS}} [[Image:Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg|left|250px|Biblíya]] '''Biblíya''' ezalí [[búku]] bya [[bakrístu]]. *'''Kondimana na kala''' **[[Genese]] **[[Exode]] **[[Yobo]] **[[Mokapo]] **[[Baloma]] **[[Misala]] **[[Nzembo]] **[[Yisaya]] **[[Yilimiya]] **[[Danyele]] **[[Mosakoli]] **[[Ezekiele]] **[[Emoniseli]] *'''Kondimana na Sika''' **[[Marko]] **[[Matai]] **[[Luka]] **[[Yoane]] **[[1 Timote]] **[[2 Timote]] **[[1 Petelo]] **[[2 Petelo]] **[[Yakobo]] **[[Bagalatia]] **[[Batesaloniki]] **[[Baebele]] **[[Masese]] ==Tála mpé== ===Babúku=== *Biblíya ISBN 0966843302 *Biblíya ISBN 9966-40-879-7 ABRDC-ABU, 2004 *Mokanda na Kondimana na Sika na nkolo na biso Yesu Masiya - Njembo ISBN 9966-40-110-5 SBRDC-ABU, 2000 *Mokanda na Kondimana na Sika na nkolo na biso Yesu Masiya - Njembo ISBN 9966-40-112-1 ===Nkásá o libándá=== *Bulletin Dei Verbum, BDV 50, p.22 http://www.c-b-f.org/start.php?CONTID=08_01_02_03_01_03_00&LANG=en (lingɛlɛsi) *http://www.bibelarchiv-vegelahn.de/bibel_fremdsprachen.html (lialemani) *http://www.worldscriptures.org/pages/lingala.html (lingɛlɛsi) [[Category:Boklísto]] [[af:Bybel]] [[ar:الكتاب المقدس]] [[ast:Biblia]] [[az:Müqəddəs Kitab]] [[ba:Библия]] [[bg:Библия]] [[bi:Baebol]] [[bm:Bibulu]] [[bn:বাইবেল]] [[br:Bibl]] [[bs:Biblija]] [[ca:Bíblia]] [[cs:Bible]] [[cv:Библи]] [[cy:Y Beibl]] [[da:Bibelen]] [[de:Bibel]] [[ee:Biblia]] [[el:Αγία Γραφή]] [[en:Bible]] [[eo:Biblio]] [[es:Biblia]] [[et:Piibel]] [[eu:Biblia]] [[fa:انجیل]] [[fi:Raamattu]] [[fj:Ai Vola Tabu]] [[fr:Bible]] [[ga:An Bíobla]] [[gd:Bioball]] [[gl:Biblia]] [[ha:Baibûl]] [[he:תנ"ך]] [[hi:बाइबिल]] [[ho:Baibel]] [[hr:Biblija]] [[ht:Bib]] [[hu:Biblia]] [[hy:Աստվածաշունչ]] [[hz:Ombeibela]] [[ia:Biblia]] [[id:Alkitab]] [[ig:Bible]] [[ilo:Biblia]] [[io:Biblo]] [[is:Biblían]] [[it:Bibbia]] [[ja:聖書]] [[ka:ბიბლია]] [[kg:Biblia]] [[ki:Biblia]] [[kj:Ombibeli]] [[kk:Таурат және Інжіл]] [[ko:성서]] [[ku:Încîl]] [[kw:Bibel]] [[la:Biblia]] [[lad:Biblia]] [[lb:Bibel]] [[lg:Baibuli]] [[li:Biebel]] [[lt:Biblija]] [[mk:Библија]] [[ml:ബൈബിള്‍]] [[mn:Библи Cудар]] [[ms:Bible]] [[mt:Bibbja]] [[na:Bibel]] [[nds:Bibel]] [[nds-nl:Biebel]] [[ng:Ombimbeli]] [[nl:Bijbel (christendom)]] [[nn:Bibelen]] [[no:Bibelen]] [[nrm:Bibl'ye]] [[ny:Baibulo]] [[om:Kitaaba]] [[pa:ਬਾਈਬਲ]] [[pap:Beibel]] [[pdc:Biwwel]] [[pl:Biblia]] [[pt:Bíblia]] [[rn:Bibiliya]] [[ro:Biblia]] [[ru:Библия]] [[rw:Bibiliya]] [[scn:Bibbia cristiana]] [[sg:Bible]] [[sh:Biblija]] [[simple:Bible]] [[sk:Biblia]] [[sl:Sveto pismo]] [[sm:Ole Tusipala]] [[sn:Bhaibheri]] [[sq:Bibla]] [[sr:Свето Писмо]] [[st:Bibele]] [[su:Alkitab]] [[sv:Bibeln]] [[ta:விவிலியம்]] [[tg:Таврот ва Инҷил]] [[th:คัมภีร์ไบเบิล]] [[tl:Bibliya]] [[tpi:Baibel]] [[tr:Kitabı Mukaddes]] [[ts:Bibele]] [[tt:İzge yazu]] [[tw:Twere Kronkron]] [[ty:Bibilia]] [[uk:Біблія]] [[ur:بائبل]] [[uz:Muqaddas Kitob]] [[ve:Bivhili]] [[vi:Kinh Thánh]] [[wo:Biibël]] [[xh:IBhayibhile]] [[yi:תנ"ך]] [[yo:Bíbélì Mimọ]] [[zh:聖經]] [[zh-min-nan:Sèng-keng]] [[zu:IBhayibheli]] 9406 2006-10-03T05:31:53Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Modifie: mn {{ndámbo}} {{KimokristoS}} [[Image:Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg|left|250px|Biblíya]] '''Biblíya''' ezalí [[búku]] bya [[bakrístu]]. *'''Kondimana na kala''' **[[Genese]] **[[Exode]] **[[Yobo]] **[[Mokapo]] **[[Baloma]] **[[Misala]] **[[Nzembo]] **[[Yisaya]] **[[Yilimiya]] **[[Danyele]] **[[Mosakoli]] **[[Ezekiele]] **[[Emoniseli]] *'''Kondimana na Sika''' **[[Marko]] **[[Matai]] **[[Luka]] **[[Yoane]] **[[1 Timote]] **[[2 Timote]] **[[1 Petelo]] **[[2 Petelo]] **[[Yakobo]] **[[Bagalatia]] **[[Batesaloniki]] **[[Baebele]] **[[Masese]] ==Tála mpé== ===Babúku=== *Biblíya ISBN 0966843302 *Biblíya ISBN 9966-40-879-7 ABRDC-ABU, 2004 *Mokanda na Kondimana na Sika na nkolo na biso Yesu Masiya - Njembo ISBN 9966-40-110-5 SBRDC-ABU, 2000 *Mokanda na Kondimana na Sika na nkolo na biso Yesu Masiya - Njembo ISBN 9966-40-112-1 ===Nkásá o libándá=== *Bulletin Dei Verbum, BDV 50, p.22 http://www.c-b-f.org/start.php?CONTID=08_01_02_03_01_03_00&LANG=en (lingɛlɛsi) *http://www.bibelarchiv-vegelahn.de/bibel_fremdsprachen.html (lialemani) *http://www.worldscriptures.org/pages/lingala.html (lingɛlɛsi) [[Category:Boklísto]] [[af:Bybel]] [[ar:الكتاب المقدس]] [[ast:Biblia]] [[az:Müqəddəs Kitab]] [[ba:Библия]] [[bg:Библия]] [[bi:Baebol]] [[bm:Bibulu]] [[bn:বাইবেল]] [[br:Bibl]] [[bs:Biblija]] [[ca:Bíblia]] [[cs:Bible]] [[cv:Библи]] [[cy:Y Beibl]] [[da:Bibelen]] [[de:Bibel]] [[ee:Biblia]] [[el:Αγία Γραφή]] [[en:Bible]] [[eo:Biblio]] [[es:Biblia]] [[et:Piibel]] [[eu:Biblia]] [[fa:انجیل]] [[fi:Raamattu]] [[fj:Ai Vola Tabu]] [[fr:Bible]] [[ga:An Bíobla]] [[gd:Bioball]] [[gl:Biblia]] [[ha:Baibûl]] [[he:תנ"ך]] [[hi:बाइबिल]] [[ho:Baibel]] [[hr:Biblija]] [[ht:Bib]] [[hu:Biblia]] [[hy:Աստվածաշունչ]] [[hz:Ombeibela]] [[ia:Biblia]] [[id:Alkitab]] [[ig:Bible]] [[ilo:Biblia]] [[io:Biblo]] [[is:Biblían]] [[it:Bibbia]] [[ja:聖書]] [[ka:ბიბლია]] [[kg:Biblia]] [[ki:Biblia]] [[kj:Ombibeli]] [[kk:Таурат және Інжіл]] [[ko:성서]] [[ku:Încîl]] [[kw:Bibel]] [[la:Biblia]] [[lad:Biblia]] [[lb:Bibel]] [[lg:Baibuli]] [[li:Biebel]] [[lt:Biblija]] [[mk:Библија]] [[ml:ബൈബിള്‍]] [[mn:Библи Судар]] [[ms:Bible]] [[mt:Bibbja]] [[na:Bibel]] [[nds:Bibel]] [[nds-nl:Biebel]] [[ng:Ombimbeli]] [[nl:Bijbel (christendom)]] [[nn:Bibelen]] [[no:Bibelen]] [[nrm:Bibl'ye]] [[ny:Baibulo]] [[om:Kitaaba]] [[pa:ਬਾਈਬਲ]] [[pap:Beibel]] [[pdc:Biwwel]] [[pl:Biblia]] [[pt:Bíblia]] [[rn:Bibiliya]] [[ro:Biblia]] [[ru:Библия]] [[rw:Bibiliya]] [[scn:Bibbia cristiana]] [[sg:Bible]] [[sh:Biblija]] [[simple:Bible]] [[sk:Biblia]] [[sl:Sveto pismo]] [[sm:Ole Tusipala]] [[sn:Bhaibheri]] [[sq:Bibla]] [[sr:Свето Писмо]] [[st:Bibele]] [[su:Alkitab]] [[sv:Bibeln]] [[ta:விவிலியம்]] [[tg:Таврот ва Инҷил]] [[th:คัมภีร์ไบเบิล]] [[tl:Bibliya]] [[tpi:Baibel]] [[tr:Kitabı Mukaddes]] [[ts:Bibele]] [[tt:İzge yazu]] [[tw:Twere Kronkron]] [[ty:Bibilia]] [[uk:Біблія]] [[ur:بائبل]] [[uz:Muqaddas Kitob]] [[ve:Bivhili]] [[vi:Kinh Thánh]] [[wo:Biibël]] [[xh:IBhayibhile]] [[yi:תנ"ך]] [[yo:Bíbélì Mimọ]] [[zh:聖經]] [[zh-min-nan:Sèng-keng]] [[zu:IBhayibheli]] 9418 2006-10-05T16:48:05Z 160.85.2.50 /* Babúku */ ISBN {{ndámbo}} {{KimokristoS}} [[Image:Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg|left|250px|Biblíya]] '''Biblíya''' ezalí [[búku]] bya [[bakrístu]]. *'''Kondimana na kala''' **[[Genese]] **[[Exode]] **[[Yobo]] **[[Mokapo]] **[[Baloma]] **[[Misala]] **[[Nzembo]] **[[Yisaya]] **[[Yilimiya]] **[[Danyele]] **[[Mosakoli]] **[[Ezekiele]] **[[Emoniseli]] *'''Kondimana na Sika''' **[[Marko]] **[[Matai]] **[[Luka]] **[[Yoane]] **[[1 Timote]] **[[2 Timote]] **[[1 Petelo]] **[[2 Petelo]] **[[Yakobo]] **[[Bagalatia]] **[[Batesaloniki]] **[[Baebele]] **[[Masese]] ==Tála mpé== ===Babúku=== *Biblíya ISBN 9966-843-30-2 ABU *Biblíya ISBN 9966-40-879-7 ABRDC-ABU, 2004 *Mokanda na Kondimana na Sika na nkolo na biso Yesu Masiya - Njembo ISBN 9966-40-110-5 SBRDC-ABU, 2000 *Mokanda na Kondimana na Sika na nkolo na biso Yesu Masiya - Njembo ISBN 9966-40-112-1 ===Nkásá o libándá=== *Bulletin Dei Verbum, BDV 50, p.22 http://www.c-b-f.org/start.php?CONTID=08_01_02_03_01_03_00&LANG=en (lingɛlɛsi) *http://www.bibelarchiv-vegelahn.de/bibel_fremdsprachen.html (lialemani) *http://www.worldscriptures.org/pages/lingala.html (lingɛlɛsi) [[Category:Boklísto]] [[af:Bybel]] [[ar:الكتاب المقدس]] [[ast:Biblia]] [[az:Müqəddəs Kitab]] [[ba:Библия]] [[bg:Библия]] [[bi:Baebol]] [[bm:Bibulu]] [[bn:বাইবেল]] [[br:Bibl]] [[bs:Biblija]] [[ca:Bíblia]] [[cs:Bible]] [[cv:Библи]] [[cy:Y Beibl]] [[da:Bibelen]] [[de:Bibel]] [[ee:Biblia]] [[el:Αγία Γραφή]] [[en:Bible]] [[eo:Biblio]] [[es:Biblia]] [[et:Piibel]] [[eu:Biblia]] [[fa:انجیل]] [[fi:Raamattu]] [[fj:Ai Vola Tabu]] [[fr:Bible]] [[ga:An Bíobla]] [[gd:Bioball]] [[gl:Biblia]] [[ha:Baibûl]] [[he:תנ"ך]] [[hi:बाइबिल]] [[ho:Baibel]] [[hr:Biblija]] [[ht:Bib]] [[hu:Biblia]] [[hy:Աստվածաշունչ]] [[hz:Ombeibela]] [[ia:Biblia]] [[id:Alkitab]] [[ig:Bible]] [[ilo:Biblia]] [[io:Biblo]] [[is:Biblían]] [[it:Bibbia]] [[ja:聖書]] [[ka:ბიბლია]] [[kg:Biblia]] [[ki:Biblia]] [[kj:Ombibeli]] [[kk:Таурат және Інжіл]] [[ko:성서]] [[ku:Încîl]] [[kw:Bibel]] [[la:Biblia]] [[lad:Biblia]] [[lb:Bibel]] [[lg:Baibuli]] [[li:Biebel]] [[lt:Biblija]] [[mk:Библија]] [[ml:ബൈബിള്‍]] [[mn:Библи Судар]] [[ms:Bible]] [[mt:Bibbja]] [[na:Bibel]] [[nds:Bibel]] [[nds-nl:Biebel]] [[ng:Ombimbeli]] [[nl:Bijbel (christendom)]] [[nn:Bibelen]] [[no:Bibelen]] [[nrm:Bibl'ye]] [[ny:Baibulo]] [[om:Kitaaba]] [[pa:ਬਾਈਬਲ]] [[pap:Beibel]] [[pdc:Biwwel]] [[pl:Biblia]] [[pt:Bíblia]] [[rn:Bibiliya]] [[ro:Biblia]] [[ru:Библия]] [[rw:Bibiliya]] [[scn:Bibbia cristiana]] [[sg:Bible]] [[sh:Biblija]] [[simple:Bible]] [[sk:Biblia]] [[sl:Sveto pismo]] [[sm:Ole Tusipala]] [[sn:Bhaibheri]] [[sq:Bibla]] [[sr:Свето Писмо]] [[st:Bibele]] [[su:Alkitab]] [[sv:Bibeln]] [[ta:விவிலியம்]] [[tg:Таврот ва Инҷил]] [[th:คัมภีร์ไบเบิล]] [[tl:Bibliya]] [[tpi:Baibel]] [[tr:Kitabı Mukaddes]] [[ts:Bibele]] [[tt:İzge yazu]] [[tw:Twere Kronkron]] [[ty:Bibilia]] [[uk:Біблія]] [[ur:بائبل]] [[uz:Muqaddas Kitob]] [[ve:Bivhili]] [[vi:Kinh Thánh]] [[wo:Biibël]] [[xh:IBhayibhile]] [[yi:תנ"ך]] [[yo:Bíbélì Mimọ]] [[zh:聖經]] [[zh-min-nan:Sèng-keng]] [[zu:IBhayibheli]] 9654 2006-11-03T13:03:50Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: diq, lv, ne, to {{ndámbo}} {{KimokristoS}} [[Image:Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg|left|250px|Biblíya]] '''Biblíya''' ezalí [[búku]] bya [[bakrístu]]. *'''Kondimana na kala''' **[[Genese]] **[[Exode]] **[[Yobo]] **[[Mokapo]] **[[Baloma]] **[[Misala]] **[[Nzembo]] **[[Yisaya]] **[[Yilimiya]] **[[Danyele]] **[[Mosakoli]] **[[Ezekiele]] **[[Emoniseli]] *'''Kondimana na Sika''' **[[Marko]] **[[Matai]] **[[Luka]] **[[Yoane]] **[[1 Timote]] **[[2 Timote]] **[[1 Petelo]] **[[2 Petelo]] **[[Yakobo]] **[[Bagalatia]] **[[Batesaloniki]] **[[Baebele]] **[[Masese]] ==Tála mpé== ===Babúku=== *Biblíya ISBN 9966-843-30-2 ABU *Biblíya ISBN 9966-40-879-7 ABRDC-ABU, 2004 *Mokanda na Kondimana na Sika na nkolo na biso Yesu Masiya - Njembo ISBN 9966-40-110-5 SBRDC-ABU, 2000 *Mokanda na Kondimana na Sika na nkolo na biso Yesu Masiya - Njembo ISBN 9966-40-112-1 ===Nkásá o libándá=== *Bulletin Dei Verbum, BDV 50, p.22 http://www.c-b-f.org/start.php?CONTID=08_01_02_03_01_03_00&LANG=en (lingɛlɛsi) *http://www.bibelarchiv-vegelahn.de/bibel_fremdsprachen.html (lialemani) *http://www.worldscriptures.org/pages/lingala.html (lingɛlɛsi) [[Category:Boklísto]] [[af:Bybel]] [[ar:الكتاب المقدس]] [[ast:Biblia]] [[az:Müqəddəs Kitab]] [[ba:Библия]] [[bg:Библия]] [[bi:Baebol]] [[bm:Bibulu]] [[bn:বাইবেল]] [[br:Bibl]] [[bs:Biblija]] [[ca:Bíblia]] [[cs:Bible]] [[cv:Библи]] [[cy:Y Beibl]] [[da:Bibelen]] [[de:Bibel]] [[diq:İncile]] [[ee:Biblia]] [[el:Αγία Γραφή]] [[en:Bible]] [[eo:Biblio]] [[es:Biblia]] [[et:Piibel]] [[eu:Biblia]] [[fa:انجیل]] [[fi:Raamattu]] [[fj:Ai Vola Tabu]] [[fr:Bible]] [[ga:An Bíobla]] [[gd:Bioball]] [[gl:Biblia]] [[ha:Baibûl]] [[he:תנ"ך]] [[hi:बाइबिल]] [[ho:Baibel]] [[hr:Biblija]] [[ht:Bib]] [[hu:Biblia]] [[hy:Աստվածաշունչ]] [[hz:Ombeibela]] [[ia:Biblia]] [[id:Alkitab]] [[ig:Bible]] [[ilo:Biblia]] [[io:Biblo]] [[is:Biblían]] [[it:Bibbia]] [[ja:聖書]] [[ka:ბიბლია]] [[kg:Biblia]] [[ki:Biblia]] [[kj:Ombibeli]] [[kk:Таурат және Інжіл]] [[ko:성서]] [[ku:Încîl]] [[kw:Bibel]] [[la:Biblia]] [[lad:Biblia]] [[lb:Bibel]] [[lg:Baibuli]] [[li:Biebel]] [[lt:Biblija]] [[lv:Bībele]] [[mk:Библија]] [[ml:ബൈബിള്‍]] [[mn:Библи Судар]] [[ms:Bible]] [[mt:Bibbja]] [[na:Bibel]] [[nds:Bibel]] [[nds-nl:Biebel]] [[ne:पवित्र बाइबल]] [[ng:Ombimbeli]] [[nl:Bijbel (christendom)]] [[nn:Bibelen]] [[no:Bibelen]] [[nrm:Bibl'ye]] [[ny:Baibulo]] [[om:Kitaaba]] [[pa:ਬਾਈਬਲ]] [[pap:Beibel]] [[pdc:Biwwel]] [[pl:Biblia]] [[pt:Bíblia]] [[rn:Bibiliya]] [[ro:Biblia]] [[ru:Библия]] [[rw:Bibiliya]] [[scn:Bibbia cristiana]] [[sg:Bible]] [[sh:Biblija]] [[simple:Bible]] [[sk:Biblia]] [[sl:Sveto pismo]] [[sm:Ole Tusipala]] [[sn:Bhaibheri]] [[sq:Bibla]] [[sr:Свето Писмо]] [[st:Bibele]] [[su:Alkitab]] [[sv:Bibeln]] [[ta:விவிலியம்]] [[tg:Таврот ва Инҷил]] [[th:คัมภีร์ไบเบิล]] [[tl:Bibliya]] [[to:Tohitapu]] [[tpi:Baibel]] [[tr:Kitabı Mukaddes]] [[ts:Bibele]] [[tt:İzge yazu]] [[tw:Twere Kronkron]] [[ty:Bibilia]] [[uk:Біблія]] [[ur:بائبل]] [[uz:Muqaddas Kitob]] [[ve:Bivhili]] [[vi:Kinh Thánh]] [[wo:Biibël]] [[xh:IBhayibhile]] [[yi:תנ"ך]] [[yo:Bíbélì Mimọ]] [[zh:聖經]] [[zh-min-nan:Sèng-keng]] [[zu:IBhayibheli]] 9669 2006-11-07T22:21:42Z 84.75.123.252 {{ndámbo}} {{KimokristoS}} [[Image:Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg|left|250px|Biblíya]] '''Biblíya''' ezalí [[búku]] bya [[bakrístu]]. *'''Kondimana na kala''' **[[Genese]] **[[Exode]] **[[Yobo]] **[[Mokapo]] **[[Baloma]] **[[Misala]] **[[Nzembo]] **[[Yisaya]] **[[Yilimiya]] **[[Danyele]] **[[Mosakoli]] **[[Ezekiele]] **[[Emoniseli]] *'''Boyokani ya Sika''' **[[Sango Malamu ya Matai]] **[[Sango Malamu ya Marko]] **[[Sango Malamu ya Luka]] **[[Sango Malamu ya Yoane]] **[[Misala ya Bantoma]] **[[Mokanda na Baromén]] **[[Mokanda ya libosa na Bakorentien]] **[[Mokanda ya mibale na Bakorentien]] **[[Mokanda na Bagalate]] **[[Mokanda na Baefezien]] **[[Mokanda na Bafilipien]] **[[Mokanda na Bakolosien]] **[[Mokanda ya libosa na Batesaolonisien]] **[[Mokanda ya mibale na Batesaolonisien]] **[[Mokanda ya libosa na Timoté]] **[[Mokanda ya mibale na Timoté]] **[[Mokanda na Tite]] **[[Mokanda na Filemon]] **[[Mokanda na Baebré]] **[[Mokanda na Yakobo]] **[[Mokanda ya libosa na Petelo]] **[[Mokanda ya mibale na Petelo]] **[[Mokanda ya libosa na Yoane]] **[[Mokanda ya mibale na Yoane]] **[[Mokanda ya misato na Yoane]] **[[Mokanda na Yuda]] **[[Koyebisa Basekele]] ==Tála mpé== ===Babúku=== *Biblíya ISBN 9966-843-30-2 ABU *Biblíya ISBN 9966-40-879-7 ABRDC-ABU, 2004 *Boyokani ya sika pe banzembo ISBN 9966-40-110-5 SBRDC-ABU, 2000<ref>Disponible en Europe en 3 à 4 jours; orthographe sans accents «lingala courant»; traduction oecumenique</ref> *Mokanda na Kondimana na Sika na nkolo na biso Yesu Masiya - Njembo ISBN 9966-40-112-1<ref>ya bamisioni</ref> ===Nkásá o libándá=== *Bulletin Dei Verbum, BDV 50, p.22 http://www.c-b-f.org/start.php?CONTID=08_01_02_03_01_03_00&LANG=en (lingɛlɛsi) *http://www.bibelarchiv-vegelahn.de/bibel_fremdsprachen.html (lialemani) *http://www.worldscriptures.org/pages/lingala.html (lingɛlɛsi) <references/> [[Category:Boklísto]] [[Category:Biblíya]] [[af:Bybel]] [[ar:الكتاب المقدس]] [[ast:Biblia]] [[az:Müqəddəs Kitab]] [[ba:Библия]] [[bg:Библия]] [[bi:Baebol]] [[bm:Bibulu]] [[bn:বাইবেল]] [[br:Bibl]] [[bs:Biblija]] [[ca:Bíblia]] [[cs:Bible]] [[cv:Библи]] [[cy:Y Beibl]] [[da:Bibelen]] [[de:Bibel]] [[diq:İncile]] [[ee:Biblia]] [[el:Αγία Γραφή]] [[en:Bible]] [[eo:Biblio]] [[es:Biblia]] [[et:Piibel]] [[eu:Biblia]] [[fa:انجیل]] [[fi:Raamattu]] [[fj:Ai Vola Tabu]] [[fr:Bible]] [[ga:An Bíobla]] [[gd:Bioball]] [[gl:Biblia]] [[ha:Baibûl]] [[he:תנ"ך]] [[hi:बाइबिल]] [[ho:Baibel]] [[hr:Biblija]] [[ht:Bib]] [[hu:Biblia]] [[hy:Աստվածաշունչ]] [[hz:Ombeibela]] [[ia:Biblia]] [[id:Alkitab]] [[ig:Bible]] [[ilo:Biblia]] [[io:Biblo]] [[is:Biblían]] [[it:Bibbia]] [[ja:聖書]] [[ka:ბიბლია]] [[kg:Biblia]] [[ki:Biblia]] [[kj:Ombibeli]] [[kk:Таурат және Інжіл]] [[ko:성서]] [[ku:Încîl]] [[kw:Bibel]] [[la:Biblia]] [[lad:Biblia]] [[lb:Bibel]] [[lg:Baibuli]] [[li:Biebel]] [[lt:Biblija]] [[lv:Bībele]] [[mk:Библија]] [[ml:ബൈബിള്‍]] [[mn:Библи Судар]] [[ms:Bible]] [[mt:Bibbja]] [[na:Bibel]] [[nds:Bibel]] [[nds-nl:Biebel]] [[ne:पवित्र बाइबल]] [[ng:Ombimbeli]] [[nl:Bijbel (christendom)]] [[nn:Bibelen]] [[no:Bibelen]] [[nrm:Bibl'ye]] [[ny:Baibulo]] [[om:Kitaaba]] [[pa:ਬਾਈਬਲ]] [[pap:Beibel]] [[pdc:Biwwel]] [[pl:Biblia]] [[pt:Bíblia]] [[rn:Bibiliya]] [[ro:Biblia]] [[ru:Библия]] [[rw:Bibiliya]] [[scn:Bibbia cristiana]] [[sg:Bible]] [[sh:Biblija]] [[simple:Bible]] [[sk:Biblia]] [[sl:Sveto pismo]] [[sm:Ole Tusipala]] [[sn:Bhaibheri]] [[sq:Bibla]] [[sr:Свето Писмо]] [[st:Bibele]] [[su:Alkitab]] [[sv:Bibeln]] [[ta:விவிலியம்]] [[tg:Таврот ва Инҷил]] [[th:คัมภีร์ไบเบิล]] [[tl:Bibliya]] [[to:Tohitapu]] [[tpi:Baibel]] [[tr:Kitabı Mukaddes]] [[ts:Bibele]] [[tt:İzge yazu]] [[tw:Twere Kronkron]] [[ty:Bibilia]] [[uk:Біблія]] [[ur:بائبل]] [[uz:Muqaddas Kitob]] [[ve:Bivhili]] [[vi:Kinh Thánh]] [[wo:Biibël]] [[xh:IBhayibhile]] [[yi:תנ"ך]] [[yo:Bíbélì Mimọ]] [[zh:聖經]] [[zh-min-nan:Sèng-keng]] [[zu:IBhayibheli]] 9779 2006-11-16T03:18:20Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: [[te:బైబిల్]] {{ndámbo}} {{KimokristoS}} [[Image:Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg|left|250px|Biblíya]] '''Biblíya''' ezalí [[búku]] bya [[bakrístu]]. *'''Kondimana na kala''' **[[Genese]] **[[Exode]] **[[Yobo]] **[[Mokapo]] **[[Baloma]] **[[Misala]] **[[Nzembo]] **[[Yisaya]] **[[Yilimiya]] **[[Danyele]] **[[Mosakoli]] **[[Ezekiele]] **[[Emoniseli]] *'''Boyokani ya Sika''' **[[Sango Malamu ya Matai]] **[[Sango Malamu ya Marko]] **[[Sango Malamu ya Luka]] **[[Sango Malamu ya Yoane]] **[[Misala ya Bantoma]] **[[Mokanda na Baromén]] **[[Mokanda ya libosa na Bakorentien]] **[[Mokanda ya mibale na Bakorentien]] **[[Mokanda na Bagalate]] **[[Mokanda na Baefezien]] **[[Mokanda na Bafilipien]] **[[Mokanda na Bakolosien]] **[[Mokanda ya libosa na Batesaolonisien]] **[[Mokanda ya mibale na Batesaolonisien]] **[[Mokanda ya libosa na Timoté]] **[[Mokanda ya mibale na Timoté]] **[[Mokanda na Tite]] **[[Mokanda na Filemon]] **[[Mokanda na Baebré]] **[[Mokanda na Yakobo]] **[[Mokanda ya libosa na Petelo]] **[[Mokanda ya mibale na Petelo]] **[[Mokanda ya libosa na Yoane]] **[[Mokanda ya mibale na Yoane]] **[[Mokanda ya misato na Yoane]] **[[Mokanda na Yuda]] **[[Koyebisa Basekele]] ==Tála mpé== ===Babúku=== *Biblíya ISBN 9966-843-30-2 ABU *Biblíya ISBN 9966-40-879-7 ABRDC-ABU, 2004 *Boyokani ya sika pe banzembo ISBN 9966-40-110-5 SBRDC-ABU, 2000<ref>Disponible en Europe en 3 à 4 jours; orthographe sans accents «lingala courant»; traduction oecumenique</ref> *Mokanda na Kondimana na Sika na nkolo na biso Yesu Masiya - Njembo ISBN 9966-40-112-1<ref>ya bamisioni</ref> ===Nkásá o libándá=== *Bulletin Dei Verbum, BDV 50, p.22 http://www.c-b-f.org/start.php?CONTID=08_01_02_03_01_03_00&LANG=en (lingɛlɛsi) *http://www.bibelarchiv-vegelahn.de/bibel_fremdsprachen.html (lialemani) *http://www.worldscriptures.org/pages/lingala.html (lingɛlɛsi) <references/> [[Category:Boklísto]] [[Category:Biblíya]] [[diq:İncile]] [[af:Bybel]] [[ar:الكتاب المقدس]] [[ast:Biblia]] [[az:Müqəddəs Kitab]] [[ba:Библия]] [[bg:Библия]] [[bi:Baebol]] [[bm:Bibulu]] [[bn:বাইবেল]] [[br:Bibl]] [[bs:Biblija]] [[ca:Bíblia]] [[cs:Bible]] [[cv:Библи]] [[cy:Y Beibl]] [[da:Bibelen]] [[de:Bibel]] [[ee:Biblia]] [[el:Αγία Γραφή]] [[en:Bible]] [[eo:Biblio]] [[es:Biblia]] [[et:Piibel]] [[eu:Biblia]] [[fa:انجیل]] [[fi:Raamattu]] [[fj:Ai Vola Tabu]] [[fr:Bible]] [[ga:An Bíobla]] [[gd:Bioball]] [[gl:Biblia]] [[ha:Baibûl]] [[he:תנ"ך]] [[hi:बाइबिल]] [[ho:Baibel]] [[hr:Biblija]] [[ht:Bib]] [[hu:Biblia]] [[hy:Աստվածաշունչ]] [[hz:Ombeibela]] [[ia:Biblia]] [[id:Alkitab]] [[ig:Bible]] [[ilo:Biblia]] [[io:Biblo]] [[is:Biblían]] [[it:Bibbia]] [[ja:聖書]] [[ka:ბიბლია]] [[kg:Biblia]] [[ki:Biblia]] [[kj:Ombibeli]] [[kk:Таурат және Інжіл]] [[ko:성서]] [[ku:Încîl]] [[kw:Bibel]] [[la:Biblia]] [[lad:Biblia]] [[lb:Bibel]] [[lg:Baibuli]] [[li:Biebel]] [[lt:Biblija]] [[lv:Bībele]] [[mk:Библија]] [[ml:ബൈബിള്‍]] [[mn:Библи Судар]] [[ms:Bible]] [[mt:Bibbja]] [[na:Bibel]] [[nds:Bibel]] [[nds-nl:Biebel]] [[ne:पवित्र बाइबल]] [[ng:Ombimbeli]] [[nl:Bijbel (christendom)]] [[nn:Bibelen]] [[no:Bibelen]] [[nrm:Bibl'ye]] [[ny:Baibulo]] [[om:Kitaaba]] [[pa:ਬਾਈਬਲ]] [[pap:Beibel]] [[pdc:Biwwel]] [[pl:Biblia]] [[pt:Bíblia]] [[rn:Bibiliya]] [[ro:Biblia]] [[ru:Библия]] [[rw:Bibiliya]] [[scn:Bibbia cristiana]] [[sg:Bible]] [[sh:Biblija]] [[simple:Bible]] [[sk:Biblia]] [[sl:Sveto pismo]] [[sm:Ole Tusipala]] [[sn:Bhaibheri]] [[sq:Bibla]] [[sr:Свето Писмо]] [[st:Bibele]] [[su:Alkitab]] [[sv:Bibeln]] [[ta:விவிலியம்]] [[te:బైబిల్]] [[tg:Таврот ва Инҷил]] [[th:คัมภีร์ไบเบิล]] [[tl:Bibliya]] [[to:Tohitapu]] [[tpi:Baibel]] [[tr:Kitabı Mukaddes]] [[ts:Bibele]] [[tt:İzge yazu]] [[tw:Twere Kronkron]] [[ty:Bibilia]] [[uk:Біблія]] [[ur:بائبل]] [[uz:Muqaddas Kitob]] [[ve:Bivhili]] [[vi:Kinh Thánh]] [[wo:Biibël]] [[xh:IBhayibhile]] [[yi:תנ"ך]] [[yo:Bíbélì Mimọ]] [[zh:聖經]] [[zh-min-nan:Sèng-keng]] [[zu:IBhayibheli]] 9942 2006-12-10T17:46:50Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[qu:Dyuspa Simin Qillqa]], [[tk:Injil]] Modifie: [[gd:Bìoball]] {{ndámbo}} {{KimokristoS}} [[Image:Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg|left|250px|Biblíya]] '''Biblíya''' ezalí [[búku]] bya [[bakrístu]]. *'''Kondimana na kala''' **[[Genese]] **[[Exode]] **[[Yobo]] **[[Mokapo]] **[[Baloma]] **[[Misala]] **[[Nzembo]] **[[Yisaya]] **[[Yilimiya]] **[[Danyele]] **[[Mosakoli]] **[[Ezekiele]] **[[Emoniseli]] *'''Boyokani ya Sika''' **[[Sango Malamu ya Matai]] **[[Sango Malamu ya Marko]] **[[Sango Malamu ya Luka]] **[[Sango Malamu ya Yoane]] **[[Misala ya Bantoma]] **[[Mokanda na Baromén]] **[[Mokanda ya libosa na Bakorentien]] **[[Mokanda ya mibale na Bakorentien]] **[[Mokanda na Bagalate]] **[[Mokanda na Baefezien]] **[[Mokanda na Bafilipien]] **[[Mokanda na Bakolosien]] **[[Mokanda ya libosa na Batesaolonisien]] **[[Mokanda ya mibale na Batesaolonisien]] **[[Mokanda ya libosa na Timoté]] **[[Mokanda ya mibale na Timoté]] **[[Mokanda na Tite]] **[[Mokanda na Filemon]] **[[Mokanda na Baebré]] **[[Mokanda na Yakobo]] **[[Mokanda ya libosa na Petelo]] **[[Mokanda ya mibale na Petelo]] **[[Mokanda ya libosa na Yoane]] **[[Mokanda ya mibale na Yoane]] **[[Mokanda ya misato na Yoane]] **[[Mokanda na Yuda]] **[[Koyebisa Basekele]] ==Tála mpé== ===Babúku=== *Biblíya ISBN 9966-843-30-2 ABU *Biblíya ISBN 9966-40-879-7 ABRDC-ABU, 2004 *Boyokani ya sika pe banzembo ISBN 9966-40-110-5 SBRDC-ABU, 2000<ref>Disponible en Europe en 3 à 4 jours; orthographe sans accents «lingala courant»; traduction oecumenique</ref> *Mokanda na Kondimana na Sika na nkolo na biso Yesu Masiya - Njembo ISBN 9966-40-112-1<ref>ya bamisioni</ref> ===Nkásá o libándá=== *Bulletin Dei Verbum, BDV 50, p.22 http://www.c-b-f.org/start.php?CONTID=08_01_02_03_01_03_00&LANG=en (lingɛlɛsi) *http://www.bibelarchiv-vegelahn.de/bibel_fremdsprachen.html (lialemani) *http://www.worldscriptures.org/pages/lingala.html (lingɛlɛsi) <references/> [[Category:Boklísto]] [[Category:Biblíya]] [[af:Bybel]] [[ar:الكتاب المقدس]] [[ast:Biblia]] [[az:Müqəddəs Kitab]] [[ba:Библия]] [[bg:Библия]] [[bi:Baebol]] [[bm:Bibulu]] [[bn:বাইবেল]] [[br:Bibl]] [[bs:Biblija]] [[ca:Bíblia]] [[cs:Bible]] [[cv:Библи]] [[cy:Y Beibl]] [[da:Bibelen]] [[de:Bibel]] [[diq:İncile]] [[ee:Biblia]] [[el:Αγία Γραφή]] [[en:Bible]] [[eo:Biblio]] [[es:Biblia]] [[et:Piibel]] [[eu:Biblia]] [[fa:انجیل]] [[fi:Raamattu]] [[fj:Ai Vola Tabu]] [[fr:Bible]] [[ga:An Bíobla]] [[gd:Bìoball]] [[gl:Biblia]] [[ha:Baibûl]] [[he:תנ"ך]] [[hi:बाइबिल]] [[ho:Baibel]] [[hr:Biblija]] [[ht:Bib]] [[hu:Biblia]] [[hy:Աստվածաշունչ]] [[hz:Ombeibela]] [[ia:Biblia]] [[id:Alkitab]] [[ig:Bible]] [[ilo:Biblia]] [[io:Biblo]] [[is:Biblían]] [[it:Bibbia]] [[ja:聖書]] [[ka:ბიბლია]] [[kg:Biblia]] [[ki:Biblia]] [[kj:Ombibeli]] [[kk:Таурат және Інжіл]] [[ko:성서]] [[ku:Încîl]] [[kw:Bibel]] [[la:Biblia]] [[lad:Biblia]] [[lb:Bibel]] [[lg:Baibuli]] [[li:Biebel]] [[lt:Biblija]] [[lv:Bībele]] [[mk:Библија]] [[ml:ബൈബിള്‍]] [[mn:Библи Судар]] [[ms:Bible]] [[mt:Bibbja]] [[na:Bibel]] [[nds:Bibel]] [[nds-nl:Biebel]] [[ne:पवित्र बाइबल]] [[ng:Ombimbeli]] [[nl:Bijbel (christendom)]] [[nn:Bibelen]] [[no:Bibelen]] [[nrm:Bibl'ye]] [[ny:Baibulo]] [[om:Kitaaba]] [[pa:ਬਾਈਬਲ]] [[pap:Beibel]] [[pdc:Biwwel]] [[pl:Biblia]] [[pt:Bíblia]] [[qu:Dyuspa Simin Qillqa]] [[rn:Bibiliya]] [[ro:Biblia]] [[ru:Библия]] [[rw:Bibiliya]] [[scn:Bibbia cristiana]] [[sg:Bible]] [[sh:Biblija]] [[simple:Bible]] [[sk:Biblia]] [[sl:Sveto pismo]] [[sm:Ole Tusipala]] [[sn:Bhaibheri]] [[sq:Bibla]] [[sr:Свето Писмо]] [[st:Bibele]] [[su:Alkitab]] [[sv:Bibeln]] [[ta:விவிலியம்]] [[te:బైబిల్]] [[tg:Таврот ва Инҷил]] [[th:คัมภีร์ไบเบิล]] [[tk:Injil]] [[tl:Bibliya]] [[to:Tohitapu]] [[tpi:Baibel]] [[tr:Kitabı Mukaddes]] [[ts:Bibele]] [[tt:İzge yazu]] [[tw:Twere Kronkron]] [[ty:Bibilia]] [[uk:Біблія]] [[ur:بائبل]] [[uz:Muqaddas Kitob]] [[ve:Bivhili]] [[vi:Kinh Thánh]] [[wo:Biibël]] [[xh:IBhayibhile]] [[yi:תנ"ך]] [[yo:Bíbélì Mimọ]] [[zh:聖經]] [[zh-min-nan:Sèng-keng]] [[zu:IBhayibheli]] User talk:203.173.151.157 2253 8112 2006-05-09T11:40:47Z Bombo 12 Mbɔ́tɛ Mbɔ́tɛ, 203.173.151.157! *Bienvenue sur la Wikipédia en Lingála et merci pour votre contribution. Vous pouvez créer un compte en cliquant sur ''kokomisa nkombó to kokɔtɔ (log in)''. Ainsi vos contributions seront publiée sous votre nom (et non plus sous votre adresse IP. Si vous êtes entré dans votre compte, vous pouvez changer les menus dans votre langue maternelle. *Welcome to the lingála Wikipedia and thank you very much for your contribution. You can creat a personal account. To do this, click on kokomisa nkombó to kokɔtɔ (log in). So, your contributions are saved with your name and no more with your IP adress. You can also change the menus to your mother tongue, if you are logged in. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 11:40, 9 mai 2006 (UTC) Talk:Zergeisterung 2254 8113 2006-05-09T14:12:50Z 82.83.242.229 please translate: The term »Zergeisterung« means a specific process of spiritual and mental development. The word is a chiffre, that is ideal for those cases of speaking - for example - about schizophrenia, dissociation or borderline, using these termini technici for diseases merely in a metaphoric sense, placed in a context of changes in whole society and substracted the definite allocation into a pathological area. Zergeisterung means therewith first and foremost an intellectual attitude of ambivalence, accepting a certain relativity of all truth. A symbol for Zergeisterung is the head of the Roman god Janus; furthermore the eye, the spiral and the labyrinth. In addition to it Zergeisterung reflects a special quality of that attitude, indicatable with terms like disillusion or with speaking about an open, that means: non-self-contained system. Finally Zergeisterung responds to the development of ideas generally, scriptured in the European enlightenment and globalized to date. The term has a relation to spiritedness and enthusiasm, but it is not antagonistical. The German word Zergeisterung is not translatable. 8116 2006-05-10T11:46:46Z Bombo 12 Intraduisable? please translate: The term »Zergeisterung« means a specific process of spiritual and mental development. The word is a chiffre, that is ideal for those cases of speaking - for example - about schizophrenia, dissociation or borderline, using these termini technici for diseases merely in a metaphoric sense, placed in a context of changes in whole society and substracted the definite allocation into a pathological area. Zergeisterung means therewith first and foremost an intellectual attitude of ambivalence, accepting a certain relativity of all truth. A symbol for Zergeisterung is the head of the Roman god Janus; furthermore the eye, the spiral and the labyrinth. In addition to it Zergeisterung reflects a special quality of that attitude, indicatable with terms like disillusion or with speaking about an open, that means: non-self-contained system. Finally Zergeisterung responds to the development of ideas generally, scriptured in the European enlightenment and globalized to date. The term has a relation to spiritedness and enthusiasm, but it is not antagonistical. The German word Zergeisterung is not translatable. == Intraduisable? == fr: "c'est article est une blague! En allemand (ma langue maternelle) ce terme n'existe pas. Sur la wiki allemande, le terme est bloqué et en anglais l'article va être effacé. voir en:Zergeisterung et de:Zergeisterung. Traduction fra nçaise: déphantomer. Étienne 10 mai 2006 13:42" en: "no u dont have to. I stop now. but please dont delete the already translated versions, thx. Let the wikis make this by themselves. Why are u so destructive? my spamming didnt disturb any wiki! Use ur time for something else!!!!!!!! AAAAAAAAHHHRGG Waleswal 09:52, 10 May 2006 (UTC)" en: "This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedia's deletion policy." de: "Unter diesem Lemma wurden in der Vergangenheit wiederholt Texte eingestellt, die nach den Lösch- oder Schnelllöschregeln gelöscht wurden. Um weitere Versuche zu unterbinden, wurde dieses Lemma vorerst gesperrt." Signification: Le terme est bloqué means: the word is no more avaible to create an article with this title. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 11:46, 10 mai 2006 (UTC) Kémi 2256 8123 2006-05-14T20:44:15Z Moyogo 11 '''Kémi''' (tǒ '''chimie''' na lokóta ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[mayɛ́lɛ]] ya bokabwani ya bilɔ́kɔ, ya [[likɛ́lɛ|makɛ́lɛ]]. [[Category:Mayɛ́lɛ]] [[fr:Chimie]] 8124 2006-05-14T20:44:42Z Moyogo 11 +ndámbo {{ndámbo}} '''Kémi''' (tǒ '''chimie''' na lokóta ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[mayɛ́lɛ]] ya bokabwani ya bilɔ́kɔ, ya [[likɛ́lɛ|makɛ́lɛ]]. [[Category:Mayɛ́lɛ]] [[fr:Chimie]] 8126 2006-05-14T20:51:58Z Moyogo 11 {{ndámbo}} '''Kémi''' (tǒ '''chimie''' na lokóta ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[mambí]] ya bokabwani ya bilɔ́kɔ, ya [[likɛ́lɛ|makɛ́lɛ]]. [[Category:Mambí]] [[fr:Chimie]] 8149 2006-05-19T20:10:21Z 83.10.27.199 {{ndámbo}} '''Kémi''' (tǒ '''chimie''' na lokóta ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[mambí]] ya bokabwani ya bilɔ́kɔ, ya [[likɛ́lɛ|makɛ́lɛ]]. Lisusu, ezali mayebi etali lolege bilɔ́kɔ ezali kokangama yango na yango, mpe lolenge ezali kobongwana.<br> Ba [[atome]] ezali kokangama mpo ya kotonga ba [[molékili]].<br>nd.<br><center> 2H<sub>2</sub> + O<sub>2</sub> ----> 2H<sub>2</sub>O </center> [[mokokano]] ya kosala [[mái]]. [[Category:Mambí]] [[fr:Chimie]] 8150 2006-05-19T20:11:21Z 83.10.27.199 {{ndámbo}} '''Kémi''' (tǒ '''chimie''' na lokóta ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[mambí]] ya bokabwani ya bilɔ́kɔ, ya [[likɛ́lɛ|makɛ́lɛ]]. Lisusu, ezali mayebi etali lolege bilɔ́kɔ ezali kokangama yango na yango, mpe lolenge ezali kobongwana.<br> Ba [[atome]] ezali kokangama mpo ya kotonga ba [[molékili]].<br>nd.<br><center> 2H<sub>2</sub> + O<sub>2</sub> ----> 2H<sub>2</sub>O </center> [[mokokano]] ya kosala [[mái]]. <br>nd. : ndakisa (exemple) [[Category:Mambí]] [[fr:Chimie]] 8173 2006-05-22T11:48:42Z Bombo 12 cat {{ndámbo}} '''Kémi''' (tǒ '''chimie''' na lokóta ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[mambí]] ya bokabwani ya bilɔ́kɔ, ya [[likɛ́lɛ|makɛ́lɛ]]. Lisusu, ezali mayebi etali lolege bilɔ́kɔ ezali kokangama yango na yango, mpe lolenge ezali kobongwana.<br> Ba [[atome]] ezali kokangama mpo ya kotonga ba [[molékili]].<br>nd.<br><center> 2H<sub>2</sub> + O<sub>2</sub> ----> 2H<sub>2</sub>O </center> [[mokokano]] ya kosala [[mái]]. <br>nd. : ndakisa (exemple) [[Category:Mambí]] [[Category:Kémi]] [[fr:Chimie]] 8188 2006-05-22T13:39:31Z Moyogo 11 {{ndámbo}} '''Kémi''' (tǒ '''chimie''' na lokóta ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[mambí]] ya bokabwani ya bilɔ́kɔ, ya [[likɛ́lɛ|makɛ́lɛ]]. Lisúsu, ezalí mayébi etalí loléngé bilɔ́kɔ ezalí kokangama yangó na yangó, mpé loléngé ezalí kobongwana. [[Atome|Baatome]] ezalí kokangama mpɔ́ ya kotonga [[molékili|bamolékili]]. Ndakisa : [[mokokano]] ya kosala [[mái]] :2H<sub>2</sub> + O<sub>2</sub> → 2H<sub>2</sub>O [[Category:Mambí]] [[fr:Chimie]] 8222 2006-05-23T22:52:30Z Moyogo 11 {{ndámbo}} '''Kémi''' (tǒ '''chimie''' na lokóta ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[mambí]] ya bokabwani ya bilɔ́kɔ, ya [[likɛ́lɛ|makɛ́lɛ]]. Lisúsu, ezalí mayébi etalí loléngé bilɔ́kɔ ezalí kokangama yangó na yangó, mpé loléngé ezalí kobongwana. [[Atome|Baatome]] ezalí kokangama mpɔ́ ya kotonga [[molékili|bamolékili]]. Ndakisa : [[mokokano]] ya kosala [[mái]] :2H<sub>2</sub> + O<sub>2</sub> → 2H<sub>2</sub>O == Tálá mpé == * [[Etánda ya bileko]] [[Category:Mambí]] [[fr:Chimie]] 8254 2006-05-27T13:29:31Z Ivo3 68 {{ndámbo}} '''Kémi''' (tǒ '''chimie''' na lokóta ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[mambí]] ya bokabwani ya bilɔ́kɔ, ya [[likɛ́lɛ|makɛ́lɛ]]. Lisúsu, ezalí mayébi etalí loléngé bilɔ́kɔ ezalí kokangama yangó na yangó, mpé loléngé ezalí kobongwana. [[Atome|Baatome]] ezalí kokangama mpɔ́ ya kotonga [[molékili|bamolékili]]. Ndakisa : [[mokokano]] ya kosala [[mái]] <center>2H<sub>2</sub> + O<sub>2</sub> → 2H<sub>2</sub>O</center> == Tálá mpé == * [[Etánda ya bileko]] [[Category:Mambí]] [[en:chemistry]] [[fr:Chimie]] [[pl:chemia]] 8259 2006-05-28T16:58:22Z Bombo 12 img [[Image:Fullerene-C60.png|left|100px|<!--Une molécule de fullerène-->]] '''Kémi''' (tǒ '''chimie''' na lokóta ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[mambí]] ya bokabwani ya bilɔ́kɔ, ya [[likɛ́lɛ|makɛ́lɛ]]. Lisúsu, ezalí mayébi etalí loléngé bilɔ́kɔ ezalí kokangama yangó na yangó, mpé loléngé ezalí kobongwana. [[Atome|Baatome]] ezalí kokangama mpɔ́ ya kotonga [[molékili|bamolékili]]. Ndakisa : [[mokokano]] ya kosala [[mái]] <center>2H<sub>2</sub> + O<sub>2</sub> → 2H<sub>2</sub>O</center> == Tálá mpé == * [[Etánda ya bileko]] {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Mambí]] [[en:chemistry]] [[fr:Chimie]] [[pl:chemia]] 8262 2006-05-29T05:25:29Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: af, als, an, ar, ast, bg, bn, br, bs, ca, co, cs, csb, cy, da, de, el, eo, es, et, eu, fa, fi, fo, fur, fy, ga, gd, gl, he, hi, hr, ht, hu, hy, ia, id, ie, io, is, it, ja, ka, kn, ko, ku, la, lad, lb, li, lt, lv, mi, mk, mn, mr, ms, nd [[Image:Fullerene-C60.png|left|100px|<!--Une molécule de fullerène-->]] '''Kémi''' (tǒ '''chimie''' na lokóta ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[mambí]] ya bokabwani ya bilɔ́kɔ, ya [[likɛ́lɛ|makɛ́lɛ]]. Lisúsu, ezalí mayébi etalí loléngé bilɔ́kɔ ezalí kokangama yangó na yangó, mpé loléngé ezalí kobongwana. [[Atome|Baatome]] ezalí kokangama mpɔ́ ya kotonga [[molékili|bamolékili]]. Ndakisa : [[mokokano]] ya kosala [[mái]] <center>2H<sub>2</sub> + O<sub>2</sub> → 2H<sub>2</sub>O</center> == Tálá mpé == * [[Etánda ya bileko]] {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Mambí]] [[af:Chemie]] [[als:Chemie]] [[an:Quimica]] [[ar:كيمياء]] [[ast:Química]] [[bg:Химия]] [[bn:রসায়ন]] [[br:Kimiezh]] [[bs:Hemija]] [[ca:Química]] [[co:Chimica]] [[cs:Chemie]] [[csb:Chemijô]] [[cy:Cemeg]] [[da:Kemi]] [[de:Chemie]] [[el:Χημεία]] [[en:Chemistry]] [[eo:Kemio]] [[es:Química]] [[et:Keemia]] [[eu:Kimika]] [[fa:شیمی]] [[fi:Kemia]] [[fo:Evnafrøði]] [[fr:Chimie]] [[fur:Chimiche]] [[fy:Skiekunde]] [[ga:Ceimic]] [[gd:Duileolachd]] [[gl:Química]] [[he:כימיה]] [[hi:रसायन शास्त्र]] [[hr:Kemija]] [[ht:Chimi]] [[hu:Kémia]] [[hy:Քիմիա]] [[ia:Chimia]] [[id:Kimia]] [[ie:Chimie]] [[io:Kemio]] [[is:Efnafræði]] [[it:Chimica]] [[ja:化学]] [[ka:ქიმია]] [[kn:ರಸಾಯನಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ]] [[ko:화학]] [[ku:Kîmya]] [[la:Chemica]] [[lad:Kemika]] [[lb:Chimie]] [[li:Sjemie]] [[lt:Chemija]] [[lv:Ķīmija]] [[mi:Mātauranga matū]] [[mk:Хемија]] [[mn:Хими]] [[mr:रसायनशास्त्र]] [[ms:Kimia]] [[nds:Chemie]] [[nds-nl:Scheikunde]] [[nl:Scheikunde]] [[nn:Kjemi]] [[no:Kjemi]] [[oc:Quimia]] [[os:Хими]] [[pa:ਰਸਾਇਣ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ]] [[pl:Chemia]] [[pt:Química]] [[ro:Chimie]] [[ru:Химия]] [[sc:Chìmica]] [[sco:Chemistry]] [[simple:Chemistry]] [[sk:Chémia]] [[sl:Kemija]] [[sq:Kimia]] [[sr:Хемија]] [[su:Kimia]] [[sv:Kemi]] [[sw:Kemia]] [[ta:வேதியியல்]] [[te:రసాయన శాస్త్రము]] [[th:เคมี]] [[tk:Kimya]] [[tl:Kimika]] [[tr:Kimya]] [[tt:Ximiä]] [[ug:خىمىيە]] [[uk:Хімія]] [[vi:Hóa học]] [[vo:Kiemav]] [[zh:化学]] [[zh-yue:化學]] 8372 2006-06-11T22:27:08Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: scn [[Image:Fullerene-C60.png|left|100px|<!--Une molécule de fullerène-->]] '''Kémi''' (tǒ '''chimie''' na lokóta ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[mambí]] ya bokabwani ya bilɔ́kɔ, ya [[likɛ́lɛ|makɛ́lɛ]]. Lisúsu, ezalí mayébi etalí loléngé bilɔ́kɔ ezalí kokangama yangó na yangó, mpé loléngé ezalí kobongwana. [[Atome|Baatome]] ezalí kokangama mpɔ́ ya kotonga [[molékili|bamolékili]]. Ndakisa : [[mokokano]] ya kosala [[mái]] <center>2H<sub>2</sub> + O<sub>2</sub> → 2H<sub>2</sub>O</center> == Tálá mpé == * [[Etánda ya bileko]] {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Mambí]] [[af:Chemie]] [[als:Chemie]] [[an:Quimica]] [[ar:كيمياء]] [[ast:Química]] [[bg:Химия]] [[bn:রসায়ন]] [[br:Kimiezh]] [[bs:Hemija]] [[ca:Química]] [[co:Chimica]] [[cs:Chemie]] [[csb:Chemijô]] [[cy:Cemeg]] [[da:Kemi]] [[de:Chemie]] [[el:Χημεία]] [[en:Chemistry]] [[eo:Kemio]] [[es:Química]] [[et:Keemia]] [[eu:Kimika]] [[fa:شیمی]] [[fi:Kemia]] [[fo:Evnafrøði]] [[fr:Chimie]] [[fur:Chimiche]] [[fy:Skiekunde]] [[ga:Ceimic]] [[gd:Duileolachd]] [[gl:Química]] [[he:כימיה]] [[hi:रसायन शास्त्र]] [[hr:Kemija]] [[ht:Chimi]] [[hu:Kémia]] [[hy:Քիմիա]] [[ia:Chimia]] [[id:Kimia]] [[ie:Chimie]] [[io:Kemio]] [[is:Efnafræði]] [[it:Chimica]] [[ja:化学]] [[ka:ქიმია]] [[kn:ರಸಾಯನಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ]] [[ko:화학]] [[ku:Kîmya]] [[la:Chemica]] [[lad:Kemika]] [[lb:Chimie]] [[li:Sjemie]] [[lt:Chemija]] [[lv:Ķīmija]] [[mi:Mātauranga matū]] [[mk:Хемија]] [[mn:Хими]] [[mr:रसायनशास्त्र]] [[ms:Kimia]] [[nds:Chemie]] [[nds-nl:Scheikunde]] [[nl:Scheikunde]] [[nn:Kjemi]] [[no:Kjemi]] [[oc:Quimia]] [[os:Хими]] [[pa:ਰਸਾਇਣ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ]] [[pl:Chemia]] [[pt:Química]] [[ro:Chimie]] [[ru:Химия]] [[sc:Chìmica]] [[scn:Chìmica]] [[sco:Chemistry]] [[simple:Chemistry]] [[sk:Chémia]] [[sl:Kemija]] [[sq:Kimia]] [[sr:Хемија]] [[su:Kimia]] [[sv:Kemi]] [[sw:Kemia]] [[ta:வேதியியல்]] [[te:రసాయన శాస్త్రము]] [[th:เคมี]] [[tk:Kimya]] [[tl:Kimika]] [[tr:Kimya]] [[tt:Ximiä]] [[ug:خىمىيە]] [[uk:Хімія]] [[vi:Hóa học]] [[vo:Kiemav]] [[zh:化学]] [[zh-yue:化學]] 8692 2006-07-01T19:07:39Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Fullerene-C60.png|left|100px|<!--Une molécule de fullerène-->]] '''Kémi''' (tǒ '''chimie''' na lokóta ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[mambí]] ya bokabwani ya bilɔ́kɔ, ya [[likɛ́lɛ|makɛ́lɛ]]. Lisúsu, ezalí mayébi etalí loléngé bilɔ́kɔ ezalí kokangama yangó na yangó, mpé loléngé ezalí kobongwana. [[Atome|Baatome]] ezalí kokangama mpɔ́ ya kotonga [[molékili|bamolékili]]. Ndakisa : [[mokokano]] ya kosala [[mái]] <center>2H<sub>2</sub> + O<sub>2</sub> → 2H<sub>2</sub>O</center> == Tálá mpé == * [[Etánda ya bileko]] {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Mambí]] [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Chemie]] [[als:Chemie]] [[an:Quimica]] [[ar:كيمياء]] [[ast:Química]] [[bg:Химия]] [[bn:রসায়ন]] [[br:Kimiezh]] [[bs:Hemija]] [[ca:Química]] [[co:Chimica]] [[cs:Chemie]] [[csb:Chemijô]] [[cy:Cemeg]] [[da:Kemi]] [[de:Chemie]] [[el:Χημεία]] [[en:Chemistry]] [[eo:Kemio]] [[es:Química]] [[et:Keemia]] [[eu:Kimika]] [[fa:شیمی]] [[fi:Kemia]] [[fo:Evnafrøði]] [[fr:Chimie]] [[fur:Chimiche]] [[fy:Skiekunde]] [[ga:Ceimic]] [[gd:Duileolachd]] [[gl:Química]] [[he:כימיה]] [[hi:रसायन शास्त्र]] [[hr:Kemija]] [[ht:Chimi]] [[hu:Kémia]] [[hy:Քիմիա]] [[ia:Chimia]] [[id:Kimia]] [[ie:Chimie]] [[io:Kemio]] [[is:Efnafræði]] [[it:Chimica]] [[ja:化学]] [[ka:ქიმია]] [[kn:ರಸಾಯನಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ]] [[ko:화학]] [[ku:Kîmya]] [[la:Chemica]] [[lad:Kemika]] [[lb:Chimie]] [[li:Sjemie]] [[lt:Chemija]] [[lv:Ķīmija]] [[mi:Mātauranga matū]] [[mk:Хемија]] [[mn:Хими]] [[mr:रसायनशास्त्र]] [[ms:Kimia]] [[nds:Chemie]] [[nds-nl:Scheikunde]] [[nl:Scheikunde]] [[nn:Kjemi]] [[no:Kjemi]] [[oc:Quimia]] [[os:Хими]] [[pa:ਰਸਾਇਣ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ]] [[pl:Chemia]] [[pt:Química]] [[ro:Chimie]] [[ru:Химия]] [[sc:Chìmica]] [[scn:Chìmica]] [[sco:Chemistry]] [[simple:Chemistry]] [[sk:Chémia]] [[sl:Kemija]] [[sq:Kimia]] [[sr:Хемија]] [[su:Kimia]] [[sv:Kemi]] [[sw:Kemia]] [[ta:வேதியியல்]] [[te:రసాయన శాస్త్రము]] [[th:เคมี]] [[tk:Kimya]] [[tl:Kimika]] [[tr:Kimya]] [[tt:Ximiä]] [[ug:خىمىيە]] [[uk:Хімія]] [[vi:Hóa học]] [[vo:Kiemav]] [[zh:化学]] [[zh-yue:化學]] 8891 2006-07-13T13:27:10Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:Fullerene-C60.png|left|100px|<!--Une molécule de fullerène-->]] '''Kémi''' (tǒ '''chimie''' na lokótá ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[mambí]] ya bokabwani ya bilɔ́kɔ, ya [[likɛ́lɛ|makɛ́lɛ]]. Lisúsu, ezalí mayébi etalí loléngé bilɔ́kɔ ezalí kokangama yangó na yangó, mpé loléngé ezalí kobongwana. [[Atome|Baatome]] ezalí kokangama mpɔ́ ya kotonga [[molékili|bamolékili]]. Ndakisa : [[mokokano]] ya kosala [[mái]] <center>2H<sub>2</sub> + O<sub>2</sub> → 2H<sub>2</sub>O</center> == Tálá mpé == * [[Etánda ya bileko]] {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Mambí]] [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Chemie]] [[als:Chemie]] [[an:Quimica]] [[ar:كيمياء]] [[ast:Química]] [[bg:Химия]] [[bn:রসায়ন]] [[br:Kimiezh]] [[bs:Hemija]] [[ca:Química]] [[co:Chimica]] [[cs:Chemie]] [[csb:Chemijô]] [[cy:Cemeg]] [[da:Kemi]] [[de:Chemie]] [[el:Χημεία]] [[en:Chemistry]] [[eo:Kemio]] [[es:Química]] [[et:Keemia]] [[eu:Kimika]] [[fa:شیمی]] [[fi:Kemia]] [[fo:Evnafrøði]] [[fr:Chimie]] [[fur:Chimiche]] [[fy:Skiekunde]] [[ga:Ceimic]] [[gd:Duileolachd]] [[gl:Química]] [[he:כימיה]] [[hi:रसायन शास्त्र]] [[hr:Kemija]] [[ht:Chimi]] [[hu:Kémia]] [[hy:Քիմիա]] [[ia:Chimia]] [[id:Kimia]] [[ie:Chimie]] [[io:Kemio]] [[is:Efnafræði]] [[it:Chimica]] [[ja:化学]] [[ka:ქიმია]] [[kn:ರಸಾಯನಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ]] [[ko:화학]] [[ku:Kîmya]] [[la:Chemica]] [[lad:Kemika]] [[lb:Chimie]] [[li:Sjemie]] [[lt:Chemija]] [[lv:Ķīmija]] [[mi:Mātauranga matū]] [[mk:Хемија]] [[mn:Хими]] [[mr:रसायनशास्त्र]] [[ms:Kimia]] [[nds:Chemie]] [[nds-nl:Scheikunde]] [[nl:Scheikunde]] [[nn:Kjemi]] [[no:Kjemi]] [[oc:Quimia]] [[os:Хими]] [[pa:ਰਸਾਇਣ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ]] [[pl:Chemia]] [[pt:Química]] [[ro:Chimie]] [[ru:Химия]] [[sc:Chìmica]] [[scn:Chìmica]] [[sco:Chemistry]] [[simple:Chemistry]] [[sk:Chémia]] [[sl:Kemija]] [[sq:Kimia]] [[sr:Хемија]] [[su:Kimia]] [[sv:Kemi]] [[sw:Kemia]] [[ta:வேதியியல்]] [[te:రసాయన శాస్త్రము]] [[th:เคมี]] [[tk:Kimya]] [[tl:Kimika]] [[tr:Kimya]] [[tt:Ximiä]] [[ug:خىمىيە]] [[uk:Хімія]] [[vi:Hóa học]] [[vo:Kiemav]] [[zh:化学]] [[zh-yue:化學]] 8930 2006-07-21T05:48:10Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: gv, sh, vec [[Image:Fullerene-C60.png|left|100px|<!--Une molécule de fullerène-->]] '''Kémi''' (tǒ '''chimie''' na lokótá ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[mambí]] ya bokabwani ya bilɔ́kɔ, ya [[likɛ́lɛ|makɛ́lɛ]]. Lisúsu, ezalí mayébi etalí loléngé bilɔ́kɔ ezalí kokangama yangó na yangó, mpé loléngé ezalí kobongwana. [[Atome|Baatome]] ezalí kokangama mpɔ́ ya kotonga [[molékili|bamolékili]]. Ndakisa : [[mokokano]] ya kosala [[mái]] <center>2H<sub>2</sub> + O<sub>2</sub> → 2H<sub>2</sub>O</center> == Tálá mpé == * [[Etánda ya bileko]] {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Mambí]] [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Chemie]] [[als:Chemie]] [[an:Quimica]] [[ar:كيمياء]] [[ast:Química]] [[bg:Химия]] [[bn:রসায়ন]] [[br:Kimiezh]] [[bs:Hemija]] [[ca:Química]] [[co:Chimica]] [[cs:Chemie]] [[csb:Chemijô]] [[cy:Cemeg]] [[da:Kemi]] [[de:Chemie]] [[el:Χημεία]] [[en:Chemistry]] [[eo:Kemio]] [[es:Química]] [[et:Keemia]] [[eu:Kimika]] [[fa:شیمی]] [[fi:Kemia]] [[fo:Evnafrøði]] [[fr:Chimie]] [[fur:Chimiche]] [[fy:Skiekunde]] [[ga:Ceimic]] [[gd:Duileolachd]] [[gl:Química]] [[gv:Kemmig]] [[he:כימיה]] [[hi:रसायन शास्त्र]] [[hr:Kemija]] [[ht:Chimi]] [[hu:Kémia]] [[hy:Քիմիա]] [[ia:Chimia]] [[id:Kimia]] [[ie:Chimie]] [[io:Kemio]] [[is:Efnafræði]] [[it:Chimica]] [[ja:化学]] [[ka:ქიმია]] [[kn:ರಸಾಯನಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ]] [[ko:화학]] [[ku:Kîmya]] [[la:Chemica]] [[lad:Kemika]] [[lb:Chimie]] [[li:Sjemie]] [[lt:Chemija]] [[lv:Ķīmija]] [[mi:Mātauranga matū]] [[mk:Хемија]] [[mn:Хими]] [[mr:रसायनशास्त्र]] [[ms:Kimia]] [[nds:Chemie]] [[nds-nl:Scheikunde]] [[nl:Scheikunde]] [[nn:Kjemi]] [[no:Kjemi]] [[oc:Quimia]] [[os:Хими]] [[pa:ਰਸਾਇਣ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ]] [[pl:Chemia]] [[pt:Química]] [[ro:Chimie]] [[ru:Химия]] [[sc:Chìmica]] [[scn:Chìmica]] [[sco:Chemistry]] [[sh:Kemija]] [[simple:Chemistry]] [[sk:Chémia]] [[sl:Kemija]] [[sq:Kimia]] [[sr:Хемија]] [[su:Kimia]] [[sv:Kemi]] [[sw:Kemia]] [[ta:வேதியியல்]] [[te:రసాయన శాస్త్రము]] [[th:เคมี]] [[tk:Kimya]] [[tl:Kimika]] [[tr:Kimya]] [[tt:Ximiä]] [[ug:خىمىيە]] [[uk:Хімія]] [[vec:Chimèga]] [[vi:Hóa học]] [[vo:Kiemav]] [[zh:化学]] [[zh-yue:化學]] 9165 2006-08-26T04:18:24Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: cv, zh-min-nan Modifie: gd, vec [[Image:Fullerene-C60.png|left|100px|<!--Une molécule de fullerène-->]] '''Kémi''' (tǒ '''chimie''' na lokótá ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[mambí]] ya bokabwani ya bilɔ́kɔ, ya [[likɛ́lɛ|makɛ́lɛ]]. Lisúsu, ezalí mayébi etalí loléngé bilɔ́kɔ ezalí kokangama yangó na yangó, mpé loléngé ezalí kobongwana. [[Atome|Baatome]] ezalí kokangama mpɔ́ ya kotonga [[molékili|bamolékili]]. Ndakisa : [[mokokano]] ya kosala [[mái]] <center>2H<sub>2</sub> + O<sub>2</sub> → 2H<sub>2</sub>O</center> == Tálá mpé == * [[Etánda ya bileko]] {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Mambí]] [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Chemie]] [[als:Chemie]] [[an:Quimica]] [[ar:كيمياء]] [[ast:Química]] [[bg:Химия]] [[bn:রসায়ন]] [[br:Kimiezh]] [[bs:Hemija]] [[ca:Química]] [[co:Chimica]] [[cs:Chemie]] [[csb:Chemijô]] [[cv:Хими]] [[cy:Cemeg]] [[da:Kemi]] [[de:Chemie]] [[el:Χημεία]] [[en:Chemistry]] [[eo:Kemio]] [[es:Química]] [[et:Keemia]] [[eu:Kimika]] [[fa:شیمی]] [[fi:Kemia]] [[fo:Evnafrøði]] [[fr:Chimie]] [[fur:Chimiche]] [[fy:Skiekunde]] [[ga:Ceimic]] [[gd:Dùileòlachd]] [[gl:Química]] [[gv:Kemmig]] [[he:כימיה]] [[hi:रसायन शास्त्र]] [[hr:Kemija]] [[ht:Chimi]] [[hu:Kémia]] [[hy:Քիմիա]] [[ia:Chimia]] [[id:Kimia]] [[ie:Chimie]] [[io:Kemio]] [[is:Efnafræði]] [[it:Chimica]] [[ja:化学]] [[ka:ქიმია]] [[kn:ರಸಾಯನಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ]] [[ko:화학]] [[ku:Kîmya]] [[la:Chemica]] [[lad:Kemika]] [[lb:Chimie]] [[li:Sjemie]] [[lt:Chemija]] [[lv:Ķīmija]] [[mi:Mātauranga matū]] [[mk:Хемија]] [[mn:Хими]] [[mr:रसायनशास्त्र]] [[ms:Kimia]] [[nds:Chemie]] [[nds-nl:Scheikunde]] [[nl:Scheikunde]] [[nn:Kjemi]] [[no:Kjemi]] [[oc:Quimia]] [[os:Хими]] [[pa:ਰਸਾਇਣ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ]] [[pl:Chemia]] [[pt:Química]] [[ro:Chimie]] [[ru:Химия]] [[sc:Chìmica]] [[scn:Chìmica]] [[sco:Chemistry]] [[sh:Kemija]] [[simple:Chemistry]] [[sk:Chémia]] [[sl:Kemija]] [[sq:Kimia]] [[sr:Хемија]] [[su:Kimia]] [[sv:Kemi]] [[sw:Kemia]] [[ta:வேதியியல்]] [[te:రసాయన శాస్త్రము]] [[th:เคมี]] [[tk:Kimya]] [[tl:Kimika]] [[tr:Kimya]] [[tt:Ximiä]] [[ug:خىمىيە]] [[uk:Хімія]] [[vec:Chimega]] [[vi:Hóa học]] [[vo:Kiemav]] [[zh:化学]] [[zh-min-nan:Hoà-ha̍k]] [[zh-yue:化學]] 9349 2006-09-14T17:01:49Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Modifie: zh-min-nan [[Image:Fullerene-C60.png|left|100px|<!--Une molécule de fullerène-->]] '''Kémi''' (tǒ '''chimie''' na lokótá ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[mambí]] ya bokabwani ya bilɔ́kɔ, ya [[likɛ́lɛ|makɛ́lɛ]]. Lisúsu, ezalí mayébi etalí loléngé bilɔ́kɔ ezalí kokangama yangó na yangó, mpé loléngé ezalí kobongwana. [[Atome|Baatome]] ezalí kokangama mpɔ́ ya kotonga [[molékili|bamolékili]]. Ndakisa : [[mokokano]] ya kosala [[mái]] <center>2H<sub>2</sub> + O<sub>2</sub> → 2H<sub>2</sub>O</center> == Tálá mpé == * [[Etánda ya bileko]] {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Mambí]] [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Chemie]] [[als:Chemie]] [[an:Quimica]] [[ar:كيمياء]] [[ast:Química]] [[bg:Химия]] [[bn:রসায়ন]] [[br:Kimiezh]] [[bs:Hemija]] [[ca:Química]] [[co:Chimica]] [[cs:Chemie]] [[csb:Chemijô]] [[cv:Хими]] [[cy:Cemeg]] [[da:Kemi]] [[de:Chemie]] [[el:Χημεία]] [[en:Chemistry]] [[eo:Kemio]] [[es:Química]] [[et:Keemia]] [[eu:Kimika]] [[fa:شیمی]] [[fi:Kemia]] [[fo:Evnafrøði]] [[fr:Chimie]] [[fur:Chimiche]] [[fy:Skiekunde]] [[ga:Ceimic]] [[gd:Dùileòlachd]] [[gl:Química]] [[gv:Kemmig]] [[he:כימיה]] [[hi:रसायन शास्त्र]] [[hr:Kemija]] [[ht:Chimi]] [[hu:Kémia]] [[hy:Քիմիա]] [[ia:Chimia]] [[id:Kimia]] [[ie:Chimie]] [[io:Kemio]] [[is:Efnafræði]] [[it:Chimica]] [[ja:化学]] [[ka:ქიმია]] [[kn:ರಸಾಯನಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ]] [[ko:화학]] [[ku:Kîmya]] [[la:Chemica]] [[lad:Kemika]] [[lb:Chimie]] [[li:Sjemie]] [[lt:Chemija]] [[lv:Ķīmija]] [[mi:Mātauranga matū]] [[mk:Хемија]] [[mn:Хими]] [[mr:रसायनशास्त्र]] [[ms:Kimia]] [[nds:Chemie]] [[nds-nl:Scheikunde]] [[nl:Scheikunde]] [[nn:Kjemi]] [[no:Kjemi]] [[oc:Quimia]] [[os:Хими]] [[pa:ਰਸਾਇਣ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ]] [[pl:Chemia]] [[pt:Química]] [[ro:Chimie]] [[ru:Химия]] [[sc:Chìmica]] [[scn:Chìmica]] [[sco:Chemistry]] [[sh:Kemija]] [[simple:Chemistry]] [[sk:Chémia]] [[sl:Kemija]] [[sq:Kimia]] [[sr:Хемија]] [[su:Kimia]] [[sv:Kemi]] [[sw:Kemia]] [[ta:வேதியியல்]] [[te:రసాయన శాస్త్రము]] [[th:เคมี]] [[tk:Kimya]] [[tl:Kimika]] [[tr:Kimya]] [[tt:Ximiä]] [[ug:خىمىيە]] [[uk:Хімія]] [[vec:Chimega]] [[vi:Hóa học]] [[vo:Kiemav]] [[zh:化学]] [[zh-min-nan:Hòa-ha̍k]] [[zh-yue:化學]] 9363 2006-09-17T18:37:13Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: yi [[Image:Fullerene-C60.png|left|100px|<!--Une molécule de fullerène-->]] '''Kémi''' (tǒ '''chimie''' na lokótá ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[mambí]] ya bokabwani ya bilɔ́kɔ, ya [[likɛ́lɛ|makɛ́lɛ]]. Lisúsu, ezalí mayébi etalí loléngé bilɔ́kɔ ezalí kokangama yangó na yangó, mpé loléngé ezalí kobongwana. [[Atome|Baatome]] ezalí kokangama mpɔ́ ya kotonga [[molékili|bamolékili]]. Ndakisa : [[mokokano]] ya kosala [[mái]] <center>2H<sub>2</sub> + O<sub>2</sub> → 2H<sub>2</sub>O</center> == Tálá mpé == * [[Etánda ya bileko]] {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Mambí]] [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Chemie]] [[als:Chemie]] [[an:Quimica]] [[ar:كيمياء]] [[ast:Química]] [[bg:Химия]] [[bn:রসায়ন]] [[br:Kimiezh]] [[bs:Hemija]] [[ca:Química]] [[co:Chimica]] [[cs:Chemie]] [[csb:Chemijô]] [[cv:Хими]] [[cy:Cemeg]] [[da:Kemi]] [[de:Chemie]] [[el:Χημεία]] [[en:Chemistry]] [[eo:Kemio]] [[es:Química]] [[et:Keemia]] [[eu:Kimika]] [[fa:شیمی]] [[fi:Kemia]] [[fo:Evnafrøði]] [[fr:Chimie]] [[fur:Chimiche]] [[fy:Skiekunde]] [[ga:Ceimic]] [[gd:Dùileòlachd]] [[gl:Química]] [[gv:Kemmig]] [[he:כימיה]] [[hi:रसायन शास्त्र]] [[hr:Kemija]] [[ht:Chimi]] [[hu:Kémia]] [[hy:Քիմիա]] [[ia:Chimia]] [[id:Kimia]] [[ie:Chimie]] [[io:Kemio]] [[is:Efnafræði]] [[it:Chimica]] [[ja:化学]] [[ka:ქიმია]] [[kn:ರಸಾಯನಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ]] [[ko:화학]] [[ku:Kîmya]] [[la:Chemica]] [[lad:Kemika]] [[lb:Chimie]] [[li:Sjemie]] [[lt:Chemija]] [[lv:Ķīmija]] [[mi:Mātauranga matū]] [[mk:Хемија]] [[mn:Хими]] [[mr:रसायनशास्त्र]] [[ms:Kimia]] [[nds:Chemie]] [[nds-nl:Scheikunde]] [[nl:Scheikunde]] [[nn:Kjemi]] [[no:Kjemi]] [[oc:Quimia]] [[os:Хими]] [[pa:ਰਸਾਇਣ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ]] [[pl:Chemia]] [[pt:Química]] [[ro:Chimie]] [[ru:Химия]] [[sc:Chìmica]] [[scn:Chìmica]] [[sco:Chemistry]] [[sh:Kemija]] [[simple:Chemistry]] [[sk:Chémia]] [[sl:Kemija]] [[sq:Kimia]] [[sr:Хемија]] [[su:Kimia]] [[sv:Kemi]] [[sw:Kemia]] [[ta:வேதியியல்]] [[te:రసాయన శాస్త్రము]] [[th:เคมี]] [[tk:Kimya]] [[tl:Kimika]] [[tr:Kimya]] [[tt:Ximiä]] [[ug:خىمىيە]] [[uk:Хімія]] [[vec:Chimega]] [[vi:Hóa học]] [[vo:Kiemav]] [[yi:כעמיע]] [[zh:化学]] [[zh-min-nan:Hòa-ha̍k]] [[zh-yue:化學]] 9511 2006-10-17T02:41:36Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: [[lmo:Chímica]], [[rm:Chemia]] Modifie: [[la:Chemia]] [[Image:Fullerene-C60.png|left|100px|<!--Une molécule de fullerène-->]] '''Kémi''' (tǒ '''chimie''' na lokótá ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[mambí]] ya bokabwani ya bilɔ́kɔ, ya [[likɛ́lɛ|makɛ́lɛ]]. Lisúsu, ezalí mayébi etalí loléngé bilɔ́kɔ ezalí kokangama yangó na yangó, mpé loléngé ezalí kobongwana. [[Atome|Baatome]] ezalí kokangama mpɔ́ ya kotonga [[molékili|bamolékili]]. Ndakisa : [[mokokano]] ya kosala [[mái]] <center>2H<sub>2</sub> + O<sub>2</sub> → 2H<sub>2</sub>O</center> == Tálá mpé == * [[Etánda ya bileko]] {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Mambí]] [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Chemie]] [[als:Chemie]] [[an:Quimica]] [[ar:كيمياء]] [[ast:Química]] [[bg:Химия]] [[bn:রসায়ন]] [[br:Kimiezh]] [[bs:Hemija]] [[ca:Química]] [[co:Chimica]] [[cs:Chemie]] [[csb:Chemijô]] [[cv:Хими]] [[cy:Cemeg]] [[da:Kemi]] [[de:Chemie]] [[el:Χημεία]] [[en:Chemistry]] [[eo:Kemio]] [[es:Química]] [[et:Keemia]] [[eu:Kimika]] [[fa:شیمی]] [[fi:Kemia]] [[fo:Evnafrøði]] [[fr:Chimie]] [[fur:Chimiche]] [[fy:Skiekunde]] [[ga:Ceimic]] [[gd:Dùileòlachd]] [[gl:Química]] [[gv:Kemmig]] [[he:כימיה]] [[hi:रसायन शास्त्र]] [[hr:Kemija]] [[ht:Chimi]] [[hu:Kémia]] [[hy:Քիմիա]] [[ia:Chimia]] [[id:Kimia]] [[ie:Chimie]] [[io:Kemio]] [[is:Efnafræði]] [[it:Chimica]] [[ja:化学]] [[ka:ქიმია]] [[kn:ರಸಾಯನಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ]] [[ko:화학]] [[ku:Kîmya]] [[la:Chemia]] [[lad:Kemika]] [[lb:Chimie]] [[li:Sjemie]] [[lmo:Chímica]] [[lt:Chemija]] [[lv:Ķīmija]] [[mi:Mātauranga matū]] [[mk:Хемија]] [[mn:Хими]] [[mr:रसायनशास्त्र]] [[ms:Kimia]] [[nds:Chemie]] [[nds-nl:Scheikunde]] [[nl:Scheikunde]] [[nn:Kjemi]] [[no:Kjemi]] [[oc:Quimia]] [[os:Хими]] [[pa:ਰਸਾਇਣ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ]] [[pl:Chemia]] [[pt:Química]] [[rm:Chemia]] [[ro:Chimie]] [[ru:Химия]] [[sc:Chìmica]] [[scn:Chìmica]] [[sco:Chemistry]] [[sh:Kemija]] [[simple:Chemistry]] [[sk:Chémia]] [[sl:Kemija]] [[sq:Kimia]] [[sr:Хемија]] [[su:Kimia]] [[sv:Kemi]] [[sw:Kemia]] [[ta:வேதியியல்]] [[te:రసాయన శాస్త్రము]] [[th:เคมี]] [[tk:Kimya]] [[tl:Kimika]] [[tr:Kimya]] [[tt:Ximiä]] [[ug:خىمىيە]] [[uk:Хімія]] [[vec:Chimega]] [[vi:Hóa học]] [[vo:Kiemav]] [[yi:כעמיע]] [[zh:化学]] [[zh-min-nan:Hòa-ha̍k]] [[zh-yue:化學]] 9891 2006-11-28T11:05:19Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[nov:Kemie]], [[ru-sib:Химия]] [[Image:Fullerene-C60.png|left|100px|<!--Une molécule de fullerène-->]] '''Kémi''' (tǒ '''chimie''' na lokótá ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[mambí]] ya bokabwani ya bilɔ́kɔ, ya [[likɛ́lɛ|makɛ́lɛ]]. Lisúsu, ezalí mayébi etalí loléngé bilɔ́kɔ ezalí kokangama yangó na yangó, mpé loléngé ezalí kobongwana. [[Atome|Baatome]] ezalí kokangama mpɔ́ ya kotonga [[molékili|bamolékili]]. Ndakisa : [[mokokano]] ya kosala [[mái]] <center>2H<sub>2</sub> + O<sub>2</sub> → 2H<sub>2</sub>O</center> == Tálá mpé == * [[Etánda ya bileko]] {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Mambí]] [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Chemie]] [[als:Chemie]] [[an:Quimica]] [[ar:كيمياء]] [[ast:Química]] [[bg:Химия]] [[bn:রসায়ন]] [[br:Kimiezh]] [[bs:Hemija]] [[ca:Química]] [[co:Chimica]] [[cs:Chemie]] [[csb:Chemijô]] [[cv:Хими]] [[cy:Cemeg]] [[da:Kemi]] [[de:Chemie]] [[el:Χημεία]] [[en:Chemistry]] [[eo:Kemio]] [[es:Química]] [[et:Keemia]] [[eu:Kimika]] [[fa:شیمی]] [[fi:Kemia]] [[fo:Evnafrøði]] [[fr:Chimie]] [[fur:Chimiche]] [[fy:Skiekunde]] [[ga:Ceimic]] [[gd:Dùileòlachd]] [[gl:Química]] [[gv:Kemmig]] [[he:כימיה]] [[hi:रसायन शास्त्र]] [[hr:Kemija]] [[ht:Chimi]] [[hu:Kémia]] [[hy:Քիմիա]] [[ia:Chimia]] [[id:Kimia]] [[ie:Chimie]] [[io:Kemio]] [[is:Efnafræði]] [[it:Chimica]] [[ja:化学]] [[ka:ქიმია]] [[kn:ರಸಾಯನಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ]] [[ko:화학]] [[ku:Kîmya]] [[la:Chemia]] [[lad:Kemika]] [[lb:Chimie]] [[li:Sjemie]] [[lmo:Chímica]] [[lt:Chemija]] [[lv:Ķīmija]] [[mi:Mātauranga matū]] [[mk:Хемија]] [[mn:Хими]] [[mr:रसायनशास्त्र]] [[ms:Kimia]] [[nds:Chemie]] [[nds-nl:Scheikunde]] [[nl:Scheikunde]] [[nn:Kjemi]] [[no:Kjemi]] [[nov:Kemie]] [[oc:Quimia]] [[os:Хими]] [[pa:ਰਸਾਇਣ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ]] [[pl:Chemia]] [[pt:Química]] [[rm:Chemia]] [[ro:Chimie]] [[ru:Химия]] [[ru-sib:Химия]] [[sc:Chìmica]] [[scn:Chìmica]] [[sco:Chemistry]] [[sh:Kemija]] [[simple:Chemistry]] [[sk:Chémia]] [[sl:Kemija]] [[sq:Kimia]] [[sr:Хемија]] [[su:Kimia]] [[sv:Kemi]] [[sw:Kemia]] [[ta:வேதியியல்]] [[te:రసాయన శాస్త్రము]] [[th:เคมี]] [[tk:Kimya]] [[tl:Kimika]] [[tr:Kimya]] [[tt:Ximiä]] [[ug:خىمىيە]] [[uk:Хімія]] [[vec:Chimega]] [[vi:Hóa học]] [[vo:Kiemav]] [[yi:כעמיע]] [[zh:化学]] [[zh-min-nan:Hòa-ha̍k]] [[zh-yue:化學]] 9979 2006-12-15T16:24:36Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[jbo:xumske]] [[Image:Fullerene-C60.png|left|100px|<!--Une molécule de fullerène-->]] '''Kémi''' (tǒ '''chimie''' na lokótá ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[mambí]] ya bokabwani ya bilɔ́kɔ, ya [[likɛ́lɛ|makɛ́lɛ]]. Lisúsu, ezalí mayébi etalí loléngé bilɔ́kɔ ezalí kokangama yangó na yangó, mpé loléngé ezalí kobongwana. [[Atome|Baatome]] ezalí kokangama mpɔ́ ya kotonga [[molékili|bamolékili]]. Ndakisa : [[mokokano]] ya kosala [[mái]] <center>2H<sub>2</sub> + O<sub>2</sub> → 2H<sub>2</sub>O</center> == Tálá mpé == * [[Etánda ya bileko]] {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Mambí]] [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Chemie]] [[als:Chemie]] [[an:Quimica]] [[ar:كيمياء]] [[ast:Química]] [[bg:Химия]] [[bn:রসায়ন]] [[br:Kimiezh]] [[bs:Hemija]] [[ca:Química]] [[co:Chimica]] [[cs:Chemie]] [[csb:Chemijô]] [[cv:Хими]] [[cy:Cemeg]] [[da:Kemi]] [[de:Chemie]] [[el:Χημεία]] [[en:Chemistry]] [[eo:Kemio]] [[es:Química]] [[et:Keemia]] [[eu:Kimika]] [[fa:شیمی]] [[fi:Kemia]] [[fo:Evnafrøði]] [[fr:Chimie]] [[fur:Chimiche]] [[fy:Skiekunde]] [[ga:Ceimic]] [[gd:Dùileòlachd]] [[gl:Química]] [[gv:Kemmig]] [[he:כימיה]] [[hi:रसायन शास्त्र]] [[hr:Kemija]] [[ht:Chimi]] [[hu:Kémia]] [[hy:Քիմիա]] [[ia:Chimia]] [[id:Kimia]] [[ie:Chimie]] [[io:Kemio]] [[is:Efnafræði]] [[it:Chimica]] [[ja:化学]] [[jbo:xumske]] [[ka:ქიმია]] [[kn:ರಸಾಯನಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ]] [[ko:화학]] [[ku:Kîmya]] [[la:Chemia]] [[lad:Kemika]] [[lb:Chimie]] [[li:Sjemie]] [[lmo:Chímica]] [[lt:Chemija]] [[lv:Ķīmija]] [[mi:Mātauranga matū]] [[mk:Хемија]] [[mn:Хими]] [[mr:रसायनशास्त्र]] [[ms:Kimia]] [[nds:Chemie]] [[nds-nl:Scheikunde]] [[nl:Scheikunde]] [[nn:Kjemi]] [[no:Kjemi]] [[nov:Kemie]] [[oc:Quimia]] [[os:Хими]] [[pa:ਰਸਾਇਣ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ]] [[pl:Chemia]] [[pt:Química]] [[rm:Chemia]] [[ro:Chimie]] [[ru:Химия]] [[ru-sib:Химия]] [[sc:Chìmica]] [[scn:Chìmica]] [[sco:Chemistry]] [[sh:Kemija]] [[simple:Chemistry]] [[sk:Chémia]] [[sl:Kemija]] [[sq:Kimia]] [[sr:Хемија]] [[su:Kimia]] [[sv:Kemi]] [[sw:Kemia]] [[ta:வேதியியல்]] [[te:రసాయన శాస్త్రము]] [[th:เคมี]] [[tk:Kimya]] [[tl:Kimika]] [[tr:Kimya]] [[tt:Ximiä]] [[ug:خىمىيە]] [[uk:Хімія]] [[vec:Chimega]] [[vi:Hóa học]] [[vo:Kiemav]] [[yi:כעמיע]] [[zh:化学]] [[zh-min-nan:Hòa-ha̍k]] [[zh-yue:化學]] Fízíkí 2257 8125 2006-05-14T20:51:33Z Moyogo 11 {{ndámbo}} '''Fízíkí''' (tǒ '''fizíki''' mpé ''physique'' na lokóta ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[mambí]] ma [[bizalela]] bya bilɔ́kɔ bya [[mokili]]. [[Category:Mambí]] [[fr:Physique]] 8185 2006-05-22T12:52:38Z Bombo 12 cat {{ndámbo}} '''Fízíkí''' (tǒ '''fizíki''' mpé ''physique'' na lokóta ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[mambí]] ma [[bizalela]] bya bilɔ́kɔ bya [[mokili]]. [[Category:Mambí]] [[Category:Fízíkí]] [[fr:Physique]] 8887 2006-07-13T13:25:52Z Moyogo 11 {{ndámbo}} '''Fízíkí''' (tǒ '''fizíki''' mpé ''physique'' na lokótá ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[mambí]] ma [[bizalela]] bya bilɔ́kɔ bya [[mokili]]. [[Category:Mambí]] [[Category:Fízíkí]] [[fr:Physique]] 9042 2006-08-02T06:12:43Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: af, als, an, ar, ast, be, bg, bn, br, bs, bug, ca, co, cs, csb, cv, cy, da, de, el, en, eo, es, et, eu, fa, fi, fo, fur, fy, ga, gl, gu, gv, he, hi, hr, hu, ia, id, ie, io, is, it, iu, ja, ka, ko, la, lad, lb, li, lt, lv, mk, ms, my, n {{ndámbo}} '''Fízíkí''' (tǒ '''fizíki''' mpé ''physique'' na lokótá ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[mambí]] ma [[bizalela]] bya bilɔ́kɔ bya [[mokili]]. [[Category:Mambí]] [[Category:Fízíkí]] [[af:Fisika]] [[als:Physik]] [[an:Fesica]] [[ar:فيزياء]] [[ast:Física]] [[be:Фізыка]] [[bg:Физика]] [[bn:পদার্থবিদ্যা]] [[br:Fizik]] [[bs:Fizika]] [[bug:Fisika]] [[ca:Física]] [[co:Fisica]] [[cs:Fyzika]] [[csb:Fizyka]] [[cv:Физика]] [[cy:Ffiseg]] [[da:Fysik]] [[de:Physik]] [[el:Φυσική]] [[en:Physics]] [[eo:Fiziko]] [[es:Física]] [[et:Füüsika]] [[eu:Fisika]] [[fa:فیزیک]] [[fi:Fysiikka]] [[fo:Alisfrøði]] [[fr:Physique]] [[fur:Fisiche]] [[fy:Natuerkunde]] [[ga:Fisic]] [[gl:Física]] [[gu:ભૌતિક શાસ્ત્ર]] [[gv:Fishag]] [[he:פיזיקה]] [[hi:भौतिकी]] [[hr:Fizika]] [[hu:Fizika]] [[ia:Physica]] [[id:Fisika]] [[ie:Fisica]] [[io:Fiziko]] [[is:Eðlisfræði]] [[it:Fisica]] [[iu:ᐆᒫᑦᓱᓕᕆᓂᖅ]] [[ja:物理学]] [[ka:ფიზიკა]] [[ko:물리학]] [[la:Physica]] [[lad:Fisika]] [[lb:Physik]] [[li:Natuurkónde]] [[lt:Fizika]] [[lv:Fizika]] [[mk:Физика]] [[ms:Fizik]] [[my:ရူပဗေဒ]] [[nap:Físeca]] [[nds:Physik]] [[nds-nl:Netuurkunde]] [[nl:Natuurkunde]] [[nn:Fysikk]] [[no:Fysikk]] [[oc:Fisica]] [[pl:Fizyka]] [[ps:فزيک]] [[pt:Física]] [[ro:Fizică]] [[ru:Физика]] [[sa:भौतिकी]] [[sc:Fìsica]] [[scn:Fìsica]] [[sco:Naitural philosophy]] [[simple:Physics]] [[sk:Fyzika]] [[sl:Fizika]] [[sq:Fizika]] [[sr:Физика]] [[su:Fisika]] [[sv:Fysik]] [[sw:Fizikia]] [[ta:இயற்பியல்]] [[th:ฟิสิกส์]] [[tl:Pisika]] [[tr:Fizik]] [[tt:Fizik]] [[ug:فىزىكا]] [[uk:Фізика]] [[vec:Fìxica]] [[vi:Vật lý]] [[vo:Füsüd]] [[xh:IFiziki]] [[zh:物理学]] [[zh-min-nan:Bu̍t-lí-ha̍k]] [[zh-yue:物理]] 9332 2006-09-10T00:34:57Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: ku Modifie: vi {{ndámbo}} '''Fízíkí''' (tǒ '''fizíki''' mpé ''physique'' na lokótá ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[mambí]] ma [[bizalela]] bya bilɔ́kɔ bya [[mokili]]. [[Category:Mambí]] [[Category:Fízíkí]] [[af:Fisika]] [[als:Physik]] [[an:Fesica]] [[ar:فيزياء]] [[ast:Física]] [[be:Фізыка]] [[bg:Физика]] [[bn:পদার্থবিদ্যা]] [[br:Fizik]] [[bs:Fizika]] [[bug:Fisika]] [[ca:Física]] [[co:Fisica]] [[cs:Fyzika]] [[csb:Fizyka]] [[cv:Физика]] [[cy:Ffiseg]] [[da:Fysik]] [[de:Physik]] [[el:Φυσική]] [[en:Physics]] [[eo:Fiziko]] [[es:Física]] [[et:Füüsika]] [[eu:Fisika]] [[fa:فیزیک]] [[fi:Fysiikka]] [[fo:Alisfrøði]] [[fr:Physique]] [[fur:Fisiche]] [[fy:Natuerkunde]] [[ga:Fisic]] [[gl:Física]] [[gu:ભૌતિક શાસ્ત્ર]] [[gv:Fishag]] [[he:פיזיקה]] [[hi:भौतिकी]] [[hr:Fizika]] [[hu:Fizika]] [[ia:Physica]] [[id:Fisika]] [[ie:Fisica]] [[io:Fiziko]] [[is:Eðlisfræði]] [[it:Fisica]] [[iu:ᐆᒫᑦᓱᓕᕆᓂᖅ]] [[ja:物理学]] [[ka:ფიზიკა]] [[ko:물리학]] [[ku:Fîzîk]] [[la:Physica]] [[lad:Fisika]] [[lb:Physik]] [[li:Natuurkónde]] [[lt:Fizika]] [[lv:Fizika]] [[mk:Физика]] [[ms:Fizik]] [[my:ရူပဗေဒ]] [[nap:Físeca]] [[nds:Physik]] [[nds-nl:Netuurkunde]] [[nl:Natuurkunde]] [[nn:Fysikk]] [[no:Fysikk]] [[oc:Fisica]] [[pl:Fizyka]] [[ps:فزيک]] [[pt:Física]] [[ro:Fizică]] [[ru:Физика]] [[sa:भौतिकी]] [[sc:Fìsica]] [[scn:Fìsica]] [[sco:Naitural philosophy]] [[simple:Physics]] [[sk:Fyzika]] [[sl:Fizika]] [[sq:Fizika]] [[sr:Физика]] [[su:Fisika]] [[sv:Fysik]] [[sw:Fizikia]] [[ta:இயற்பியல்]] [[th:ฟิสิกส์]] [[tl:Pisika]] [[tr:Fizik]] [[tt:Fizik]] [[ug:فىزىكا]] [[uk:Фізика]] [[vec:Fìxica]] [[vi:Vật lý học]] [[vo:Füsüd]] [[xh:IFiziki]] [[zh:物理学]] [[zh-min-nan:Bu̍t-lí-ha̍k]] [[zh-yue:物理]] 9376 2006-09-26T13:53:16Z 85.108.98.167 {{ndámbo}} '''Fízíkí''' (tǒ '''fizíki''' mpé ''physique'' na lokótá ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[mambí]] ma [[bizalela]] bya bilɔ́kɔ bya [[mokili]]. [http://www.dusler-sokagi.com Aşk] [http://www.dusler-sokagi.com Arkadaşlık] [http://www.dusler-sokagi.com Dostluk] [http://www.dusler-sokagi.com Şiirler] [http://www.dusler-sokagi.com sevgili] [http://www.avcilarmekani.com Av Videoları] [http://www.avcilarmekani.com Av Köpekleri] [http://www.avcilarmekani.com Satılık Av Tüfekleri] [http://www.avcilarmekani.com Balık Avı] [http://www.avcilarmekani.com Tavşan Avı] [http://www.avcilarmekani.com Domuz Avı] [http://www.avcilarmekani.com Av Oyunları] [http://www.dilaylam.com Aşk] [http://www.dilaylam.com Arkadaşlık] [http://www.dilaylam.com Dostluk] [http://www.dilaylam.com Şiirler] [http://www.dilaylam.com sevgili] [[Category:Mambí]] [[Category:Fízíkí]] [[af:Fisika]] [[als:Physik]] [[an:Fesica]] [[ar:فيزياء]] [[ast:Física]] [[be:Фізыка]] [[bg:Физика]] [[bn:পদার্থবিদ্যা]] [[br:Fizik]] [[bs:Fizika]] [[bug:Fisika]] [[ca:Física]] [[co:Fisica]] [[cs:Fyzika]] [[csb:Fizyka]] [[cv:Физика]] [[cy:Ffiseg]] [[da:Fysik]] [[de:Physik]] [[el:Φυσική]] [[en:Physics]] [[eo:Fiziko]] [[es:Física]] [[et:Füüsika]] [[eu:Fisika]] [[fa:فیزیک]] [[fi:Fysiikka]] [[fo:Alisfrøði]] [[fr:Physique]] [[fur:Fisiche]] [[fy:Natuerkunde]] [[ga:Fisic]] [[gl:Física]] [[gu:ભૌતિક શાસ્ત્ર]] [[gv:Fishag]] [[he:פיזיקה]] [[hi:भौतिकी]] [[hr:Fizika]] [[hu:Fizika]] [[ia:Physica]] [[id:Fisika]] [[ie:Fisica]] [[io:Fiziko]] [[is:Eðlisfræði]] [[it:Fisica]] [[iu:ᐆᒫᑦᓱᓕᕆᓂᖅ]] [[ja:物理学]] [[ka:ფიზიკა]] [[ko:물리학]] [[ku:Fîzîk]] [[la:Physica]] [[lad:Fisika]] [[lb:Physik]] [[li:Natuurkónde]] [[lt:Fizika]] [[lv:Fizika]] [[mk:Физика]] [[ms:Fizik]] [[my:ရူပဗေဒ]] [[nap:Físeca]] [[nds:Physik]] [[nds-nl:Netuurkunde]] [[nl:Natuurkunde]] [[nn:Fysikk]] [[no:Fysikk]] [[oc:Fisica]] [[pl:Fizyka]] [[ps:فزيک]] [[pt:Física]] [[ro:Fizică]] [[ru:Физика]] [[sa:भौतिकी]] [[sc:Fìsica]] [[scn:Fìsica]] [[sco:Naitural philosophy]] [[simple:Physics]] [[sk:Fyzika]] [[sl:Fizika]] [[sq:Fizika]] [[sr:Физика]] [[su:Fisika]] [[sv:Fysik]] [[sw:Fizikia]] [[ta:இயற்பியல்]] [[th:ฟิสิกส์]] [[tl:Pisika]] [[tr:Fizik]] [[tt:Fizik]] [[ug:فىزىكا]] [[uk:Фізика]] [[vec:Fìxica]] [[vi:Vật lý học]] [[vo:Füsüd]] [[xh:IFiziki]] [[zh:物理学]] [[zh-min-nan:Bu̍t-lí-ha̍k]] [[zh-yue:物理]] 9378 2006-09-27T11:13:46Z Bombo 12 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/85.108.98.167|85.108.98.167]] ([[User_talk:85.108.98.167|Talk]]); changed back to last version by [[User:BOT-Superzerocool|BOT-Superzerocool]] {{ndámbo}} '''Fízíkí''' (tǒ '''fizíki''' mpé ''physique'' na lokótá ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[mambí]] ma [[bizalela]] bya bilɔ́kɔ bya [[mokili]]. [[Category:Mambí]] [[Category:Fízíkí]] [[af:Fisika]] [[als:Physik]] [[an:Fesica]] [[ar:فيزياء]] [[ast:Física]] [[be:Фізыка]] [[bg:Физика]] [[bn:পদার্থবিদ্যা]] [[br:Fizik]] [[bs:Fizika]] [[bug:Fisika]] [[ca:Física]] [[co:Fisica]] [[cs:Fyzika]] [[csb:Fizyka]] [[cv:Физика]] [[cy:Ffiseg]] [[da:Fysik]] [[de:Physik]] [[el:Φυσική]] [[en:Physics]] [[eo:Fiziko]] [[es:Física]] [[et:Füüsika]] [[eu:Fisika]] [[fa:فیزیک]] [[fi:Fysiikka]] [[fo:Alisfrøði]] [[fr:Physique]] [[fur:Fisiche]] [[fy:Natuerkunde]] [[ga:Fisic]] [[gl:Física]] [[gu:ભૌતિક શાસ્ત્ર]] [[gv:Fishag]] [[he:פיזיקה]] [[hi:भौतिकी]] [[hr:Fizika]] [[hu:Fizika]] [[ia:Physica]] [[id:Fisika]] [[ie:Fisica]] [[io:Fiziko]] [[is:Eðlisfræði]] [[it:Fisica]] [[iu:ᐆᒫᑦᓱᓕᕆᓂᖅ]] [[ja:物理学]] [[ka:ფიზიკა]] [[ko:물리학]] [[ku:Fîzîk]] [[la:Physica]] [[lad:Fisika]] [[lb:Physik]] [[li:Natuurkónde]] [[lt:Fizika]] [[lv:Fizika]] [[mk:Физика]] [[ms:Fizik]] [[my:ရူပဗေဒ]] [[nap:Físeca]] [[nds:Physik]] [[nds-nl:Netuurkunde]] [[nl:Natuurkunde]] [[nn:Fysikk]] [[no:Fysikk]] [[oc:Fisica]] [[pl:Fizyka]] [[ps:فزيک]] [[pt:Física]] [[ro:Fizică]] [[ru:Физика]] [[sa:भौतिकी]] [[sc:Fìsica]] [[scn:Fìsica]] [[sco:Naitural philosophy]] [[simple:Physics]] [[sk:Fyzika]] [[sl:Fizika]] [[sq:Fizika]] [[sr:Физика]] [[su:Fisika]] [[sv:Fysik]] [[sw:Fizikia]] [[ta:இயற்பியல்]] [[th:ฟิสิกส์]] [[tl:Pisika]] [[tr:Fizik]] [[tt:Fizik]] [[ug:فىزىكا]] [[uk:Фізика]] [[vec:Fìxica]] [[vi:Vật lý học]] [[vo:Füsüd]] [[xh:IFiziki]] [[zh:物理学]] [[zh-min-nan:Bu̍t-lí-ha̍k]] [[zh-yue:物理]] 9461 2006-10-12T04:17:01Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: [[bat-smg:Fizėka]], [[gd:Eòlas-nàdair]] Modifie: [[ku:Fizîk]] {{ndámbo}} '''Fízíkí''' (tǒ '''fizíki''' mpé ''physique'' na lokótá ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[mambí]] ma [[bizalela]] bya bilɔ́kɔ bya [[mokili]]. [[Category:Mambí]] [[Category:Fízíkí]] [[af:Fisika]] [[als:Physik]] [[an:Fesica]] [[ar:فيزياء]] [[ast:Física]] [[bat-smg:Fizėka]] [[be:Фізыка]] [[bg:Физика]] [[bn:পদার্থবিদ্যা]] [[br:Fizik]] [[bs:Fizika]] [[bug:Fisika]] [[ca:Física]] [[co:Fisica]] [[cs:Fyzika]] [[csb:Fizyka]] [[cv:Физика]] [[cy:Ffiseg]] [[da:Fysik]] [[de:Physik]] [[el:Φυσική]] [[en:Physics]] [[eo:Fiziko]] [[es:Física]] [[et:Füüsika]] [[eu:Fisika]] [[fa:فیزیک]] [[fi:Fysiikka]] [[fo:Alisfrøði]] [[fr:Physique]] [[fur:Fisiche]] [[fy:Natuerkunde]] [[ga:Fisic]] [[gd:Eòlas-nàdair]] [[gl:Física]] [[gu:ભૌતિક શાસ્ત્ર]] [[gv:Fishag]] [[he:פיזיקה]] [[hi:भौतिकी]] [[hr:Fizika]] [[hu:Fizika]] [[ia:Physica]] [[id:Fisika]] [[ie:Fisica]] [[io:Fiziko]] [[is:Eðlisfræði]] [[it:Fisica]] [[iu:ᐆᒫᑦᓱᓕᕆᓂᖅ]] [[ja:物理学]] [[ka:ფიზიკა]] [[ko:물리학]] [[ku:Fizîk]] [[la:Physica]] [[lad:Fisika]] [[lb:Physik]] [[li:Natuurkónde]] [[lt:Fizika]] [[lv:Fizika]] [[mk:Физика]] [[ms:Fizik]] [[my:ရူပဗေဒ]] [[nap:Físeca]] [[nds:Physik]] [[nds-nl:Netuurkunde]] [[nl:Natuurkunde]] [[nn:Fysikk]] [[no:Fysikk]] [[oc:Fisica]] [[pl:Fizyka]] [[ps:فزيک]] [[pt:Física]] [[ro:Fizică]] [[ru:Физика]] [[sa:भौतिकी]] [[sc:Fìsica]] [[scn:Fìsica]] [[sco:Naitural philosophy]] [[simple:Physics]] [[sk:Fyzika]] [[sl:Fizika]] [[sq:Fizika]] [[sr:Физика]] [[su:Fisika]] [[sv:Fysik]] [[sw:Fizikia]] [[ta:இயற்பியல்]] [[th:ฟิสิกส์]] [[tl:Pisika]] [[tr:Fizik]] [[tt:Fizik]] [[ug:فىزىكا]] [[uk:Фізика]] [[vec:Fìxica]] [[vi:Vật lý học]] [[vo:Füsüd]] [[xh:IFiziki]] [[zh:物理学]] [[zh-min-nan:Bu̍t-lí-ha̍k]] [[zh-yue:物理]] 9812 2006-11-19T17:33:24Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: [[az:Fizika]], [[lmo:Física]], [[st:Fisiksi]] {{ndámbo}} '''Fízíkí''' (tǒ '''fizíki''' mpé ''physique'' na lokótá ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[mambí]] ma [[bizalela]] bya bilɔ́kɔ bya [[mokili]]. [[Category:Mambí]] [[Category:Fízíkí]] [[af:Fisika]] [[als:Physik]] [[an:Fesica]] [[ar:فيزياء]] [[ast:Física]] [[az:Fizika]] [[bat-smg:Fizėka]] [[be:Фізыка]] [[bg:Физика]] [[bn:পদার্থবিদ্যা]] [[br:Fizik]] [[bs:Fizika]] [[bug:Fisika]] [[ca:Física]] [[co:Fisica]] [[cs:Fyzika]] [[csb:Fizyka]] [[cv:Физика]] [[cy:Ffiseg]] [[da:Fysik]] [[de:Physik]] [[el:Φυσική]] [[en:Physics]] [[eo:Fiziko]] [[es:Física]] [[et:Füüsika]] [[eu:Fisika]] [[fa:فیزیک]] [[fi:Fysiikka]] [[fo:Alisfrøði]] [[fr:Physique]] [[fur:Fisiche]] [[fy:Natuerkunde]] [[ga:Fisic]] [[gd:Eòlas-nàdair]] [[gl:Física]] [[gu:ભૌતિક શાસ્ત્ર]] [[gv:Fishag]] [[he:פיזיקה]] [[hi:भौतिकी]] [[hr:Fizika]] [[hu:Fizika]] [[ia:Physica]] [[id:Fisika]] [[ie:Fisica]] [[io:Fiziko]] [[is:Eðlisfræði]] [[it:Fisica]] [[iu:ᐆᒫᑦᓱᓕᕆᓂᖅ]] [[ja:物理学]] [[ka:ფიზიკა]] [[ko:물리학]] [[ku:Fizîk]] [[la:Physica]] [[lad:Fisika]] [[lb:Physik]] [[li:Natuurkónde]] [[lmo:Física]] [[lt:Fizika]] [[lv:Fizika]] [[mk:Физика]] [[ms:Fizik]] [[my:ရူပဗေဒ]] [[nap:Físeca]] [[nds:Physik]] [[nds-nl:Netuurkunde]] [[nl:Natuurkunde]] [[nn:Fysikk]] [[no:Fysikk]] [[oc:Fisica]] [[pl:Fizyka]] [[ps:فزيک]] [[pt:Física]] [[ro:Fizică]] [[ru:Физика]] [[sa:भौतिकी]] [[sc:Fìsica]] [[scn:Fìsica]] [[sco:Naitural philosophy]] [[simple:Physics]] [[sk:Fyzika]] [[sl:Fizika]] [[sq:Fizika]] [[sr:Физика]] [[st:Fisiksi]] [[su:Fisika]] [[sv:Fysik]] [[sw:Fizikia]] [[ta:இயற்பியல்]] [[th:ฟิสิกส์]] [[tl:Pisika]] [[tr:Fizik]] [[tt:Fizik]] [[ug:فىزىكا]] [[uk:Фізика]] [[vec:Fìxica]] [[vi:Vật lý học]] [[vo:Füsüd]] [[xh:IFiziki]] [[zh:物理学]] [[zh-min-nan:Bu̍t-lí-ha̍k]] [[zh-yue:物理]] 9961 2006-12-13T01:58:35Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[kn:ಭೌತಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ]] {{ndámbo}} '''Fízíkí''' (tǒ '''fizíki''' mpé ''physique'' na lokótá ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[mambí]] ma [[bizalela]] bya bilɔ́kɔ bya [[mokili]]. [[Category:Mambí]] [[Category:Fízíkí]] [[af:Fisika]] [[als:Physik]] [[an:Fesica]] [[ar:فيزياء]] [[ast:Física]] [[az:Fizika]] [[bat-smg:Fizėka]] [[be:Фізыка]] [[bg:Физика]] [[bn:পদার্থবিদ্যা]] [[br:Fizik]] [[bs:Fizika]] [[bug:Fisika]] [[ca:Física]] [[co:Fisica]] [[cs:Fyzika]] [[csb:Fizyka]] [[cv:Физика]] [[cy:Ffiseg]] [[da:Fysik]] [[de:Physik]] [[el:Φυσική]] [[en:Physics]] [[eo:Fiziko]] [[es:Física]] [[et:Füüsika]] [[eu:Fisika]] [[fa:فیزیک]] [[fi:Fysiikka]] [[fo:Alisfrøði]] [[fr:Physique]] [[fur:Fisiche]] [[fy:Natuerkunde]] [[ga:Fisic]] [[gd:Eòlas-nàdair]] [[gl:Física]] [[gu:ભૌતિક શાસ્ત્ર]] [[gv:Fishag]] [[he:פיזיקה]] [[hi:भौतिकी]] [[hr:Fizika]] [[hu:Fizika]] [[ia:Physica]] [[id:Fisika]] [[ie:Fisica]] [[io:Fiziko]] [[is:Eðlisfræði]] [[it:Fisica]] [[iu:ᐆᒫᑦᓱᓕᕆᓂᖅ]] [[ja:物理学]] [[ka:ფიზიკა]] [[kn:ಭೌತಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ]] [[ko:물리학]] [[ku:Fizîk]] [[la:Physica]] [[lad:Fisika]] [[lb:Physik]] [[li:Natuurkónde]] [[lmo:Física]] [[lt:Fizika]] [[lv:Fizika]] [[mk:Физика]] [[ms:Fizik]] [[my:ရူပဗေဒ]] [[nap:Físeca]] [[nds:Physik]] [[nds-nl:Netuurkunde]] [[nl:Natuurkunde]] [[nn:Fysikk]] [[no:Fysikk]] [[oc:Fisica]] [[pl:Fizyka]] [[ps:فزيک]] [[pt:Física]] [[ro:Fizică]] [[ru:Физика]] [[sa:भौतिकी]] [[sc:Fìsica]] [[scn:Fìsica]] [[sco:Naitural philosophy]] [[simple:Physics]] [[sk:Fyzika]] [[sl:Fizika]] [[sq:Fizika]] [[sr:Физика]] [[st:Fisiksi]] [[su:Fisika]] [[sv:Fysik]] [[sw:Fizikia]] [[ta:இயற்பியல்]] [[th:ฟิสิกส์]] [[tl:Pisika]] [[tr:Fizik]] [[tt:Fizik]] [[ug:فىزىكا]] [[uk:Фізика]] [[vec:Fìxica]] [[vi:Vật lý học]] [[vo:Füsüd]] [[xh:IFiziki]] [[zh:物理学]] [[zh-min-nan:Bu̍t-lí-ha̍k]] [[zh-yue:物理]] Bible 2258 8128 2006-05-14T20:57:36Z Moyogo 11 [[Bible]] moved to [[Biblíya]]: Nkómbó na lokóta ya lingála #REDIRECT [[Biblíya]] Talk:Biblíya 2259 8144 2006-05-18T10:31:04Z 160.85.2.50 history (to translate) Part of the Bible was published in lingala for the first time in 1908. The New Testament was first published in 1942. The complete Bible was first published in 1970. source: http://www.worldscriptures.org/pages/lingala.html Tableau periodique 2260 8148 2006-05-19T18:08:50Z 83.10.27.199 {| style="border:1px solid" align=center cellpadding=10 | <big>'''Tableau périodique des éléments en lingala'''</big> |} {| border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" bordercolor="#FFFFFF" width="80%" align="center" style="margin-bottom: 1.5em" |- | align="center" width="8%"| | align="center" |'''1''' | align="center" |'''2''' | width="2%" align="center" | | align="center" |'''3''' | align="center" |'''4''' | align="center" |'''5''' | align="center" |'''6''' | align="center" |'''7''' | align="center" |'''8''' | align="center" |'''9''' | align="center" |'''10''' | align="center" |'''11''' | align="center" |'''12''' | align="center" |'''13''' | align="center" |'''14''' | align="center" |'''15''' | align="center" |'''16''' | align="center" |'''17''' | align="center" |'''18''' |- | align="center" width="8%"| | align="center" |'''I''' | align="center" |'''II''' | width="2%" align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |'''III''' | align="center" |'''IV''' | align="center" |'''V''' | align="center" |'''VI''' | align="center" |'''VII''' | align="center" |'''VIII''' |- | align="center" width="8%"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''1''' | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|1<br/>[[H]]<br/><font size=1>[[idrojɛ́ní]]</font> | align="center"| | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|2<br/>[[He]]<font size=1><br/>[[eliyúmu]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''2''' | align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666"|3<br/>[[Li]]<br/><font size=1>[[litu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|4<br/>[[Be]]<br/><font size=1>[[belilu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|5<br/>[[B]]<br/><font size=1>[[bolo]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|6<br/>[[C]]<br/><font size=1>[[kaboni]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|7<br/>[[N]]<br/><font size=1>[[azoti]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|8<br/>[[O]]<br/><font size=1>[[oksijɛ́ní]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99"|9<br/>[[F]]<br/><font size=1>[[folina]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|10<br/>[[Ne]]<br/><font size=1>[[neoni]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''3''' | align="center" bgcolor="#ff6666"|11<br/>[[Na]]<br/><font size=1>[[sodu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|12<br/>[[Mg]]<br/><font size=1>[[manezu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|13<br/>[[Al]]<br/><font size=1>[[aluminyu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|14<br/>[[Si]]<br/><font size=1>[[siliki]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|15<br/>[[P]]<br/><font size=1>[[fosofo]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|16<br/>[[S]]<br/><font size=1>[[sufa]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99"|17<br/>[[Cl]]<br/><font size=1>[[koloki]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|18<br/>[[Ar]]<br/><font size=1>[[alago]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''4''' | align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666"|19<br/>[[K]]<br/><font size=1>[[potasu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|20<br/>[[Ca]]<br/><font size=1>[[kalisu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|21<br/>[[Sc]]<br/><font size=1>[[sekandu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|22<br/>[[Ti]]<br/><font size=1>[[titani]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|23<br/>[[V]]<br/><font size=1>[[vanadu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|24<br/>[[Cr]]<br/><font size=1>[[kolomo]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|25<br/>[[Mn]]<br/><font size=1>[[manezu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|26<br/>[[Fe]]<br/><font size=1>[[ebendé]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|27<br/>[[Co]]<br/><font size=1>[[kobalti]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|28<br/>[[Ni]]<br/><font size=1>[[nikɛ́li]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|29<br/>[[Cu]]<br/><font size=1>[[mbengi]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|30<br/>[[Zn]]<br/><font size=1>[[zɛ́nki]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|31<br/>[[Ga]]<br/><font size=1>[[galu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|32<br/>[[Ge]]<br/><font size=1>[[jemani]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|33<br/>[[As]]<br/><font size=1>[[aseni]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|34<br/>[[Se]]<br/><font size=1>[[seleni]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99"|35<br/>[[Br]]<br/><font size=1>[[bomo]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|36<br/>[[Kr]]<br/><font size=1>[[kliptoni]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''5''' | align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666"|37<br/>[[Rb]]<br/><font size=1>[[libidu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|38<br/>[[Sr]]<br/><font size=1>[[sitotu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|39<br/>[[Y]]<br/><font size=1>[[yetibu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|40<br/>[[Zr]]<br/><font size=1>[[zikonu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|41<br/>[[Nb]]<br/><font size=1>[[nobu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|42<br/>[[Mo]]<br/><font size=1>[[modemu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|43<br/>[[Tc]]<br/><font size=1>[[tenetu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|44<br/>[[Ru]]<br/><font size=1>[[lotenu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|45<br/>[[Rh]]<br/><font size=1>[[lodu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|46<br/>[[Pd]]<br/><font size=1>[[paladu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|47<br/>[[Ag]]<br/><font size=1>[[sɛ́ngi]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|48<br/>[[Cd]]<br/><font size=1>[[kademu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|49<br/>[[In]]<br/><font size=1>[[indu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|50<br/>[[Sn]]<br/><font size=1>[[etani]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|51<br/>[[Sb]]<br/><font size=1>[[antimoni]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|52<br/>[[Te]]<br/><font size=1>[[telulu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99"|53<br/>[[I]]<br/><font size=1>[[ide]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|54<br/>[[Xe]]<br/><font size=1>[[zenoni]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''6''' | align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666"|55<br/>[[Cs]]<br/><font size=1>[[kaesu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|56<br/>[[Ba]]<br/><font size=1>[[balu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffbfff"|* | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|71<br/>[[Lu]]<br/><font size=1>[[lutetu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|72<br/>[[Hf]]<br/><font size=1>[[hafenu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|73<br/>[[Ta]]<br/><font size=1>[[tantalu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|74<br/>[[W]]<br/><font size=1>[[tungu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|75<br/>[[Re]]<br/><font size=1>[[lenu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|76<br/>[[Os]]<br/><font size=1>[[osumu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|77<br/>[[Ir]]<br/><font size=1>[[ilidu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|78<br/>[[Pt]]<br/><font size=1>[[palata]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|79<br/>[[Au]]<br/><font size=1>[[wólo]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|80<br/>[[Hg]]<br/><font size=1>[[mekuli]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|81<br/>[[Tl]]<br/><font size=1>[[talu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|82<br/>[[Pb]]<br/><font size=1>[[kubéle]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|83<br/>[[Bi]]<br/><font size=1>[[bisemu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|84<br/>[[Po]]<br/><font size=1>[[polonu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99"|85<br/>[[At]]<br/><font size=1>[[atati]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|86<br/>[[Rn]]<br/><font size=1>[[lado]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''7''' | align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666"|87<br/>[[Fr]]<br/><font size=1>[[fansu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|88<br/>[[Ra]]<br/><font size=1>[[ladu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|** | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|103<br/>[[Lr]]<br/><font size=1>[[laleku]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|104<br/>[[Rf]]<br/><font size=1>[[lotefodu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|105<br/>[[Db]]<br/><font size=1>[[dubenu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|106<br/>[[Sg]]<br/><font size=1>[[seabodu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|107<br/>[[Bh]]<br/><font size=1>[[bohlu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|108<br/>[[Hs]]<br/><font size=1>[[hasu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|109<br/>[[Mt]]<br/><font size=1>[[meitenu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|110<br/>[[Ds]]<br/><font size=1>[[damtadu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|111<br/>[[Rg]]<br/><font size=1>[[luntenu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|112<br/>[[Uub]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununbu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#eceaec"|<font color="#808080">113<br/>[[Uut]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununtrium]]</font></font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|114<br/>[[Uuq]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununkwadu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#eceaec"|<font color="#808080">115<br/>[[Uup]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununpentium]]</font></font> | align="center" bgcolor="#eceaec"|116<br/>[[Uuh]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununeksu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#fcfecc"|<font color="#808080">117<br/>[[Uus]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununseptium]]</font></font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ecfefc"|118<br/>[[Uuo]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununoktu]]?</font> |} NB : les noms suivis d'un point d'interrogation sont des approximations, il faudrait les vérifier auprès de lexicologues et terminologues. Tous les autres proviennent de dictionnaires et autres ouvrages de référence. {| border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" bordercolor="#FFFFFF" align="center" style="margin-bottom:1.5em" |- | width="18%" align="center"|'''<font size=1>[[lanthanide|Lanthanide]]s</font>''' | width="2%" align="center"|* | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|57<br/>[[La]]<br/><font size=1>[[lantanu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|58<br/>[[Ce]]<br/><font size=1>[[selu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|59<br/>[[Pr]]<br/><font size=1>[[padimu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|60<br/>[[Nd]]<br/><font size=1>[[nedimu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|61<br/>[[Pm]]<br/><font size=1>[[pometu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|62<br/>[[Sm]]<br/><font size=1>[[samalu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|63<br/>[[Eu]]<br/><font size=1>[[elopu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|64<br/>[[Gd]]<br/><font size=1>[[gadolinu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|65<br/>[[Tb]]<br/><font size=1>[[telebumu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|66<br/>[[Dy]]<br/><font size=1>[[diposu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|67<br/>[[Ho]]<br/><font size=1>[[olimu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|68<br/>[[Er]]<br/><font size=1>[[ebu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|69<br/>[[Tm]]<br/><font size=1>[[tulu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|70<br/>[[Yb]]<br/><font size=1>[[yetibu]]</font> | align="center"| | align="center"| |- | width="18%" align="center"|'''<font size=1>[[actinide|Actinides]]</font>''' | width="2%" align="center"|** | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|89<br/>[[Ac]]<br/><font size=1>[[atinu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|90<br/>[[Th]]<br/><font size=1>[[tolu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|91<br/>[[Pa]]<br/><font size=1>[[potinu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|92<br/>[[U]]<br/><font size=1>[[ulanu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|93<br/>[[Np]]<br/><font size=1>[[netunu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|94<br/>[[Pu]]<br/><font size=1>[[putonu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|95<br/>[[Am]]<br/><font size=1>[[amelu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|96<br/>[[Cm]]<br/><font size=1>[[kolumu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|97<br/>[[Bk]]<br/><font size=1>[[bekelu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|98<br/>[[Cf]]<br/><font size=1>[[kalifu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|99<br/>[[Es]]<br/><font size=1>[[eselemu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|100<br/>[[Fm]]<br/><font size=1>[[femu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|101<br/>[[Md]]<br/><font size=1>[[mendelu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|102<br/>[[No]]<br/><font size=1>[[nobelu]]</font> | align="center"| | align="center"| |} {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" width="80%" bordercolor="#FFFFFF" align="center" |+ Séries chimiques du tableau périodique |- | bgcolor="#FF6666" align="center"|[[métal alcalin|métaux alcalins]] | bgcolor="#FFDEAD" align="center"|[[métal alcalino-terreux|métaux alcalino-terreux]] | bgcolor="#ffbfff" align="center"|[[lanthanide]]s | bgcolor="#ff99cc" align="center"|[[actinide]]s | bgcolor="#ffc0c0" align="center"|[[métal de transition|métaux de transition]] |- | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"|[[métal pauvre|métaux pauvres]] | bgcolor="#CCCC99" align="center"|[[métalloïde]]s | bgcolor="#a0ffa0" align="center"|[[likɛ́lɛ tɛ́|makɛ́lɛ tɛ́]] <br/><small>(non-métaux)</small> | bgcolor="#ffff99" align="center"|[[halogène]]s | bgcolor="#c0ffff" align="center"|[[gaz rare]]s |} NB : à traduire remerciements a moyogo(wiktionaire) 8174 2006-05-22T11:51:06Z Bombo 12 interwiki, cat {| style="border:1px solid" align=center cellpadding=10 | <big>'''Tableau périodique des éléments en lingala'''</big> |} {| border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" bordercolor="#FFFFFF" width="80%" align="center" style="margin-bottom: 1.5em" |- | align="center" width="8%"| | align="center" |'''1''' | align="center" |'''2''' | width="2%" align="center" | | align="center" |'''3''' | align="center" |'''4''' | align="center" |'''5''' | align="center" |'''6''' | align="center" |'''7''' | align="center" |'''8''' | align="center" |'''9''' | align="center" |'''10''' | align="center" |'''11''' | align="center" |'''12''' | align="center" |'''13''' | align="center" |'''14''' | align="center" |'''15''' | align="center" |'''16''' | align="center" |'''17''' | align="center" |'''18''' |- | align="center" width="8%"| | align="center" |'''I''' | align="center" |'''II''' | width="2%" align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |'''III''' | align="center" |'''IV''' | align="center" |'''V''' | align="center" |'''VI''' | align="center" |'''VII''' | align="center" |'''VIII''' |- | align="center" width="8%"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''1''' | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|1<br/>[[H]]<br/><font size=1>[[idrojɛ́ní]]</font> | align="center"| | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|2<br/>[[He]]<font size=1><br/>[[eliyúmu]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''2''' | align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666"|3<br/>[[Li]]<br/><font size=1>[[litu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|4<br/>[[Be]]<br/><font size=1>[[belilu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|5<br/>[[B]]<br/><font size=1>[[bolo]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|6<br/>[[C]]<br/><font size=1>[[kaboni]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|7<br/>[[N]]<br/><font size=1>[[azoti]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|8<br/>[[O]]<br/><font size=1>[[oksijɛ́ní]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99"|9<br/>[[F]]<br/><font size=1>[[folina]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|10<br/>[[Ne]]<br/><font size=1>[[neoni]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''3''' | align="center" bgcolor="#ff6666"|11<br/>[[Na]]<br/><font size=1>[[sodu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|12<br/>[[Mg]]<br/><font size=1>[[manezu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|13<br/>[[Al]]<br/><font size=1>[[aluminyu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|14<br/>[[Si]]<br/><font size=1>[[siliki]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|15<br/>[[P]]<br/><font size=1>[[fosofo]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|16<br/>[[S]]<br/><font size=1>[[sufa]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99"|17<br/>[[Cl]]<br/><font size=1>[[koloki]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|18<br/>[[Ar]]<br/><font size=1>[[alago]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''4''' | align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666"|19<br/>[[K]]<br/><font size=1>[[potasu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|20<br/>[[Ca]]<br/><font size=1>[[kalisu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|21<br/>[[Sc]]<br/><font size=1>[[sekandu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|22<br/>[[Ti]]<br/><font size=1>[[titani]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|23<br/>[[V]]<br/><font size=1>[[vanadu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|24<br/>[[Cr]]<br/><font size=1>[[kolomo]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|25<br/>[[Mn]]<br/><font size=1>[[manezu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|26<br/>[[Fe]]<br/><font size=1>[[ebendé]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|27<br/>[[Co]]<br/><font size=1>[[kobalti]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|28<br/>[[Ni]]<br/><font size=1>[[nikɛ́li]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|29<br/>[[Cu]]<br/><font size=1>[[mbengi]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|30<br/>[[Zn]]<br/><font size=1>[[zɛ́nki]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|31<br/>[[Ga]]<br/><font size=1>[[galu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|32<br/>[[Ge]]<br/><font size=1>[[jemani]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|33<br/>[[As]]<br/><font size=1>[[aseni]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|34<br/>[[Se]]<br/><font size=1>[[seleni]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99"|35<br/>[[Br]]<br/><font size=1>[[bomo]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|36<br/>[[Kr]]<br/><font size=1>[[kliptoni]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''5''' | align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666"|37<br/>[[Rb]]<br/><font size=1>[[libidu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|38<br/>[[Sr]]<br/><font size=1>[[sitotu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|39<br/>[[Y]]<br/><font size=1>[[yetibu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|40<br/>[[Zr]]<br/><font size=1>[[zikonu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|41<br/>[[Nb]]<br/><font size=1>[[nobu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|42<br/>[[Mo]]<br/><font size=1>[[modemu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|43<br/>[[Tc]]<br/><font size=1>[[tenetu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|44<br/>[[Ru]]<br/><font size=1>[[lotenu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|45<br/>[[Rh]]<br/><font size=1>[[lodu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|46<br/>[[Pd]]<br/><font size=1>[[paladu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|47<br/>[[Ag]]<br/><font size=1>[[sɛ́ngi]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|48<br/>[[Cd]]<br/><font size=1>[[kademu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|49<br/>[[In]]<br/><font size=1>[[indu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|50<br/>[[Sn]]<br/><font size=1>[[etani]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|51<br/>[[Sb]]<br/><font size=1>[[antimoni]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|52<br/>[[Te]]<br/><font size=1>[[telulu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99"|53<br/>[[I]]<br/><font size=1>[[ide]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|54<br/>[[Xe]]<br/><font size=1>[[zenoni]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''6''' | align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666"|55<br/>[[Cs]]<br/><font size=1>[[kaesu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|56<br/>[[Ba]]<br/><font size=1>[[balu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffbfff"|* | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|71<br/>[[Lu]]<br/><font size=1>[[lutetu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|72<br/>[[Hf]]<br/><font size=1>[[hafenu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|73<br/>[[Ta]]<br/><font size=1>[[tantalu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|74<br/>[[W]]<br/><font size=1>[[tungu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|75<br/>[[Re]]<br/><font size=1>[[lenu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|76<br/>[[Os]]<br/><font size=1>[[osumu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|77<br/>[[Ir]]<br/><font size=1>[[ilidu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|78<br/>[[Pt]]<br/><font size=1>[[palata]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|79<br/>[[Au]]<br/><font size=1>[[wólo]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|80<br/>[[Hg]]<br/><font size=1>[[mekuli]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|81<br/>[[Tl]]<br/><font size=1>[[talu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|82<br/>[[Pb]]<br/><font size=1>[[kubéle]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|83<br/>[[Bi]]<br/><font size=1>[[bisemu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|84<br/>[[Po]]<br/><font size=1>[[polonu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99"|85<br/>[[At]]<br/><font size=1>[[atati]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|86<br/>[[Rn]]<br/><font size=1>[[lado]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''7''' | align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666"|87<br/>[[Fr]]<br/><font size=1>[[fansu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|88<br/>[[Ra]]<br/><font size=1>[[ladu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|** | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|103<br/>[[Lr]]<br/><font size=1>[[laleku]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|104<br/>[[Rf]]<br/><font size=1>[[lotefodu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|105<br/>[[Db]]<br/><font size=1>[[dubenu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|106<br/>[[Sg]]<br/><font size=1>[[seabodu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|107<br/>[[Bh]]<br/><font size=1>[[bohlu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|108<br/>[[Hs]]<br/><font size=1>[[hasu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|109<br/>[[Mt]]<br/><font size=1>[[meitenu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|110<br/>[[Ds]]<br/><font size=1>[[damtadu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|111<br/>[[Rg]]<br/><font size=1>[[luntenu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|112<br/>[[Uub]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununbu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#eceaec"|<font color="#808080">113<br/>[[Uut]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununtrium]]</font></font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|114<br/>[[Uuq]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununkwadu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#eceaec"|<font color="#808080">115<br/>[[Uup]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununpentium]]</font></font> | align="center" bgcolor="#eceaec"|116<br/>[[Uuh]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununeksu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#fcfecc"|<font color="#808080">117<br/>[[Uus]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununseptium]]</font></font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ecfefc"|118<br/>[[Uuo]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununoktu]]?</font> |} NB : les noms suivis d'un point d'interrogation sont des approximations, il faudrait les vérifier auprès de lexicologues et terminologues. Tous les autres proviennent de dictionnaires et autres ouvrages de référence. {| border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" bordercolor="#FFFFFF" align="center" style="margin-bottom:1.5em" |- | width="18%" align="center"|'''<font size=1>[[lanthanide|Lanthanide]]s</font>''' | width="2%" align="center"|* | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|57<br/>[[La]]<br/><font size=1>[[lantanu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|58<br/>[[Ce]]<br/><font size=1>[[selu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|59<br/>[[Pr]]<br/><font size=1>[[padimu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|60<br/>[[Nd]]<br/><font size=1>[[nedimu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|61<br/>[[Pm]]<br/><font size=1>[[pometu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|62<br/>[[Sm]]<br/><font size=1>[[samalu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|63<br/>[[Eu]]<br/><font size=1>[[elopu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|64<br/>[[Gd]]<br/><font size=1>[[gadolinu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|65<br/>[[Tb]]<br/><font size=1>[[telebumu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|66<br/>[[Dy]]<br/><font size=1>[[diposu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|67<br/>[[Ho]]<br/><font size=1>[[olimu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|68<br/>[[Er]]<br/><font size=1>[[ebu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|69<br/>[[Tm]]<br/><font size=1>[[tulu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|70<br/>[[Yb]]<br/><font size=1>[[yetibu]]</font> | align="center"| | align="center"| |- | width="18%" align="center"|'''<font size=1>[[actinide|Actinides]]</font>''' | width="2%" align="center"|** | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|89<br/>[[Ac]]<br/><font size=1>[[atinu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|90<br/>[[Th]]<br/><font size=1>[[tolu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|91<br/>[[Pa]]<br/><font size=1>[[potinu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|92<br/>[[U]]<br/><font size=1>[[ulanu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|93<br/>[[Np]]<br/><font size=1>[[netunu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|94<br/>[[Pu]]<br/><font size=1>[[putonu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|95<br/>[[Am]]<br/><font size=1>[[amelu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|96<br/>[[Cm]]<br/><font size=1>[[kolumu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|97<br/>[[Bk]]<br/><font size=1>[[bekelu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|98<br/>[[Cf]]<br/><font size=1>[[kalifu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|99<br/>[[Es]]<br/><font size=1>[[eselemu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|100<br/>[[Fm]]<br/><font size=1>[[femu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|101<br/>[[Md]]<br/><font size=1>[[mendelu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|102<br/>[[No]]<br/><font size=1>[[nobelu]]</font> | align="center"| | align="center"| |} {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" width="80%" bordercolor="#FFFFFF" align="center" |+ Séries chimiques du tableau périodique |- | bgcolor="#FF6666" align="center"|[[métal alcalin|métaux alcalins]] | bgcolor="#FFDEAD" align="center"|[[métal alcalino-terreux|métaux alcalino-terreux]] | bgcolor="#ffbfff" align="center"|[[lanthanide]]s | bgcolor="#ff99cc" align="center"|[[actinide]]s | bgcolor="#ffc0c0" align="center"|[[métal de transition|métaux de transition]] |- | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"|[[métal pauvre|métaux pauvres]] | bgcolor="#CCCC99" align="center"|[[métalloïde]]s | bgcolor="#a0ffa0" align="center"|[[likɛ́lɛ tɛ́|makɛ́lɛ tɛ́]] <br/><small>(non-métaux)</small> | bgcolor="#ffff99" align="center"|[[halogène]]s | bgcolor="#c0ffff" align="center"|[[gaz rare]]s |} '''NB : à traduire''' remerciements a moyogo(wiktionaire) [[category:Kémi]] [[af:Periodieke tabel]] [[als:Periodensystem]] [[ar:جدول دوري]] [[ast:Tabla periódica]] [[be:Перыядычная сістэма элементаў]] [[bg:Периодична таблица]] [[br:Taolenn beriodek an elfennoù]] [[bs:Periodni sistem elemenata]] [[ca:Taula periòdica]] [[cs:Periodická tabulka]] [[cy:Tabl Cyfnodol]] [[da:Det periodiske system]] [[de:Periodensystem]] [[el:Περιοδικός πίνακας των χημικών στοιχείων]] [[en:Periodic table]] [[eo:Perioda tabelo]] [[es:Tabla periódica de los elementos]] [[et:Keemiliste elementide perioodilisussüsteem]] [[eu:Elementuen sailkapen periodiko]] [[fa:جدول تناوبی (استاندارد)]] [[fi:Alkuaineiden jaksollinen järjestelmä]] [[fo:Skeiðbundna skipanin]] [[fur:Tabele periodiche]] [[ga:Tábla peiriadach]] [[gl:Táboa periódica dos elementos]] [[gu:આવર્ત કોષ્ટક]] [[he:הטבלה המחזורית]] [[hr:Periodni sustav elemenata]] [[hu:Periódusos rendszer]] [[ia:Tabella periodic del elementos]] [[id:Tabel periodik]] [[io:Periodala tabelo dil elementaro]] [[is:Lotukerfið]] [[it:Tavola periodica]] [[ja:周期表]] [[ka:ქიმიურ ელემენტთა პერიოდული სისტემა]] [[ko:주기율표]] [[ku:Tabloya periyodîk a elementan]] [[la:Systema Periodicum]] [[lb:Periodesystem vun den Elementer]] [[li:Periodiek systeem vaan elemente]] [[lt:Periodinė elementų lentelė]] [[lv:Ķīmisko elementu periodiskā tabula]] [[mi:Ripanga pūmotu]] [[mk:Периоден систем]] [[ms:Jadual berkala]] [[nds:Periodensysteem]] [[nl:Periodiek systeem]] [[nn:Periodesystemet]] [[no:Periodesystemet]] [[pl:Układ okresowy pierwiastków]] [[pt:Tabela periódica]] [[ro:Tabelul periodic al elementelor]] [[ru:Периодическая система элементов]] [[sh:Periodni sistem elemenata]] [[simple:Periodic table]] [[sk:Periodická tabuľka]] [[sl:Periodni sistem elementov]] [[sr:Периодни систем елемената]] [[su:Tabel periodik]] [[sv:Periodiska systemet]] [[ta:ஆவர்த்தன அட்டவணை]] [[th:ตารางธาตุ]] [[tl:Talaang peryodiko]] [[tr:Periyodik cetvel]] [[uk:Періодична система елементів]] [[vi:Bảng tuần hoàn]] [[wa:Tåvlea periodike des elemints]] [[zh:元素周期表]] [[zh-yue:元素週期表]] 8214 2006-05-23T19:44:32Z Ivo3 68 {| style="border:1px solid" align=center cellpadding=10 | <big>'''<center>Etánda lya bileko</center><br><big><center>Tableau périodique des éléments en lingala</center>'''</big> |} {| border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" bordercolor="#FFFFFF" width="80%" align="center" style="margin-bottom: 1.5em" |- | align="center" width="8%"| | align="center" |'''1''' | align="center" |'''2''' | width="2%" align="center" | | align="center" |'''3''' | align="center" |'''4''' | align="center" |'''5''' | align="center" |'''6''' | align="center" |'''7''' | align="center" |'''8''' | align="center" |'''9''' | align="center" |'''10''' | align="center" |'''11''' | align="center" |'''12''' | align="center" |'''13''' | align="center" |'''14''' | align="center" |'''15''' | align="center" |'''16''' | align="center" |'''17''' | align="center" |'''18''' |- | align="center" width="8%"| | align="center" |'''I''' | align="center" |'''II''' | width="2%" align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |'''III''' | align="center" |'''IV''' | align="center" |'''V''' | align="center" |'''VI''' | align="center" |'''VII''' | align="center" |'''VIII''' |- | align="center" width="8%"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''1''' | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|1<br/>[[H]]<br/><font size=1>[[idrojɛ́ní]]</font> | align="center"| | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|2<br/>[[He]]<font size=1><br/>[[eliyúmu]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''2''' | align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666"|3<br/>[[Li]]<br/><font size=1>[[litu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|4<br/>[[Be]]<br/><font size=1>[[belilu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|5<br/>[[B]]<br/><font size=1>[[bolo]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|6<br/>[[C]]<br/><font size=1>[[kaboni]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|7<br/>[[N]]<br/><font size=1>[[azoti]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|8<br/>[[O]]<br/><font size=1>[[oksijɛ́ní]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99"|9<br/>[[F]]<br/><font size=1>[[folina]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|10<br/>[[Ne]]<br/><font size=1>[[neoni]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''3''' | align="center" bgcolor="#ff6666"|11<br/>[[Na]]<br/><font size=1>[[sodu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|12<br/>[[Mg]]<br/><font size=1>[[manezu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|13<br/>[[Al]]<br/><font size=1>[[aluminyu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|14<br/>[[Si]]<br/><font size=1>[[siliki]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|15<br/>[[P]]<br/><font size=1>[[fosofo]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|16<br/>[[S]]<br/><font size=1>[[sufa]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99"|17<br/>[[Cl]]<br/><font size=1>[[koloki]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|18<br/>[[Ar]]<br/><font size=1>[[alago]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''4''' | align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666"|19<br/>[[K]]<br/><font size=1>[[potasu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|20<br/>[[Ca]]<br/><font size=1>[[kalisu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|21<br/>[[Sc]]<br/><font size=1>[[sekandu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|22<br/>[[Ti]]<br/><font size=1>[[titani]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|23<br/>[[V]]<br/><font size=1>[[vanadu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|24<br/>[[Cr]]<br/><font size=1>[[kolomo]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|25<br/>[[Mn]]<br/><font size=1>[[manezu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|26<br/>[[Fe]]<br/><font size=1>[[ebendé]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|27<br/>[[Co]]<br/><font size=1>[[kobalti]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|28<br/>[[Ni]]<br/><font size=1>[[nikɛ́li]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|29<br/>[[Cu]]<br/><font size=1>[[mbengi]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|30<br/>[[Zn]]<br/><font size=1>[[zɛ́nki]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|31<br/>[[Ga]]<br/><font size=1>[[galu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|32<br/>[[Ge]]<br/><font size=1>[[jemani]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|33<br/>[[As]]<br/><font size=1>[[aseni]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|34<br/>[[Se]]<br/><font size=1>[[seleni]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99"|35<br/>[[Br]]<br/><font size=1>[[bomo]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|36<br/>[[Kr]]<br/><font size=1>[[kliptoni]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''5''' | align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666"|37<br/>[[Rb]]<br/><font size=1>[[libidu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|38<br/>[[Sr]]<br/><font size=1>[[sitotu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|39<br/>[[Y]]<br/><font size=1>[[yetibu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|40<br/>[[Zr]]<br/><font size=1>[[zikonu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|41<br/>[[Nb]]<br/><font size=1>[[nobu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|42<br/>[[Mo]]<br/><font size=1>[[modemu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|43<br/>[[Tc]]<br/><font size=1>[[tenetu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|44<br/>[[Ru]]<br/><font size=1>[[lotenu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|45<br/>[[Rh]]<br/><font size=1>[[lodu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|46<br/>[[Pd]]<br/><font size=1>[[paladu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|47<br/>[[Ag]]<br/><font size=1>[[sɛ́ngi]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|48<br/>[[Cd]]<br/><font size=1>[[kademu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|49<br/>[[In]]<br/><font size=1>[[indu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|50<br/>[[Sn]]<br/><font size=1>[[etani]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|51<br/>[[Sb]]<br/><font size=1>[[antimoni]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|52<br/>[[Te]]<br/><font size=1>[[telulu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99"|53<br/>[[I]]<br/><font size=1>[[ide]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|54<br/>[[Xe]]<br/><font size=1>[[zenoni]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''6''' | align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666"|55<br/>[[Cs]]<br/><font size=1>[[kaesu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|56<br/>[[Ba]]<br/><font size=1>[[balu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffbfff"|* | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|71<br/>[[Lu]]<br/><font size=1>[[lutetu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|72<br/>[[Hf]]<br/><font size=1>[[hafenu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|73<br/>[[Ta]]<br/><font size=1>[[tantalu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|74<br/>[[W]]<br/><font size=1>[[tungu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|75<br/>[[Re]]<br/><font size=1>[[lenu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|76<br/>[[Os]]<br/><font size=1>[[osumu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|77<br/>[[Ir]]<br/><font size=1>[[ilidu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|78<br/>[[Pt]]<br/><font size=1>[[palata]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|79<br/>[[Au]]<br/><font size=1>[[wólo]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|80<br/>[[Hg]]<br/><font size=1>[[mekuli]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|81<br/>[[Tl]]<br/><font size=1>[[talu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|82<br/>[[Pb]]<br/><font size=1>[[kubéle]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|83<br/>[[Bi]]<br/><font size=1>[[bisemu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|84<br/>[[Po]]<br/><font size=1>[[polonu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99"|85<br/>[[At]]<br/><font size=1>[[atati]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|86<br/>[[Rn]]<br/><font size=1>[[lado]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''7''' | align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666"|87<br/>[[Fr]]<br/><font size=1>[[fansu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|88<br/>[[Ra]]<br/><font size=1>[[ladu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|** | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|103<br/>[[Lr]]<br/><font size=1>[[laleku]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|104<br/>[[Rf]]<br/><font size=1>[[lotefodu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|105<br/>[[Db]]<br/><font size=1>[[dubenu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|106<br/>[[Sg]]<br/><font size=1>[[seabodu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|107<br/>[[Bh]]<br/><font size=1>[[bohlu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|108<br/>[[Hs]]<br/><font size=1>[[hasu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|109<br/>[[Mt]]<br/><font size=1>[[meitenu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|110<br/>[[Ds]]<br/><font size=1>[[damtadu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|111<br/>[[Rg]]<br/><font size=1>[[luntenu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|112<br/>[[Uub]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununbu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#eceaec"|<font color="#808080">113<br/>[[Uut]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununtrium]]</font></font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|114<br/>[[Uuq]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununkwadu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#eceaec"|<font color="#808080">115<br/>[[Uup]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununpentium]]</font></font> | align="center" bgcolor="#eceaec"|116<br/>[[Uuh]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununeksu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#fcfecc"|<font color="#808080">117<br/>[[Uus]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununseptium]]</font></font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ecfefc"|118<br/>[[Uuo]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununoktu]]?</font> |} NB : les noms suivis d'un point d'interrogation sont des approximations, il faudrait les vérifier auprès de lexicologues et terminologues. Tous les autres proviennent de dictionnaires et autres ouvrages de référence. {| border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" bordercolor="#FFFFFF" align="center" style="margin-bottom:1.5em" |- | width="18%" align="center"|'''<font size=1>[[lanthanide|Lanthanide]]s</font>''' | width="2%" align="center"|* | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|57<br/>[[La]]<br/><font size=1>[[lantanu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|58<br/>[[Ce]]<br/><font size=1>[[selu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|59<br/>[[Pr]]<br/><font size=1>[[padimu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|60<br/>[[Nd]]<br/><font size=1>[[nedimu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|61<br/>[[Pm]]<br/><font size=1>[[pometu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|62<br/>[[Sm]]<br/><font size=1>[[samalu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|63<br/>[[Eu]]<br/><font size=1>[[elopu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|64<br/>[[Gd]]<br/><font size=1>[[gadolinu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|65<br/>[[Tb]]<br/><font size=1>[[telebumu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|66<br/>[[Dy]]<br/><font size=1>[[diposu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|67<br/>[[Ho]]<br/><font size=1>[[olimu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|68<br/>[[Er]]<br/><font size=1>[[ebu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|69<br/>[[Tm]]<br/><font size=1>[[tulu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|70<br/>[[Yb]]<br/><font size=1>[[yetibu]]</font> | align="center"| | align="center"| |- | width="18%" align="center"|'''<font size=1>[[actinide|Actinides]]</font>''' | width="2%" align="center"|** | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|89<br/>[[Ac]]<br/><font size=1>[[atinu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|90<br/>[[Th]]<br/><font size=1>[[tolu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|91<br/>[[Pa]]<br/><font size=1>[[potinu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|92<br/>[[U]]<br/><font size=1>[[ulanu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|93<br/>[[Np]]<br/><font size=1>[[netunu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|94<br/>[[Pu]]<br/><font size=1>[[putonu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|95<br/>[[Am]]<br/><font size=1>[[amelu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|96<br/>[[Cm]]<br/><font size=1>[[kolumu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|97<br/>[[Bk]]<br/><font size=1>[[bekelu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|98<br/>[[Cf]]<br/><font size=1>[[kalifu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|99<br/>[[Es]]<br/><font size=1>[[eselemu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|100<br/>[[Fm]]<br/><font size=1>[[femu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|101<br/>[[Md]]<br/><font size=1>[[mendelu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|102<br/>[[No]]<br/><font size=1>[[nobelu]]</font> | align="center"| | align="center"| |} {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" width="80%" bordercolor="#FFFFFF" align="center" |+ Séries chimiques du tableau périodique |- | bgcolor="#FF6666" align="center"|[[métal alcalin|métaux alcalins]] | bgcolor="#FFDEAD" align="center"|[[métal alcalino-terreux|métaux alcalino-terreux]] | bgcolor="#ffbfff" align="center"|[[lanthanide]]s | bgcolor="#ff99cc" align="center"|[[actinide]]s | bgcolor="#ffc0c0" align="center"|[[métal de transition|métaux de transition]] |- | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"|[[métal pauvre|métaux pauvres]] | bgcolor="#CCCC99" align="center"|[[métalloïde]]s | bgcolor="#a0ffa0" align="center"|[[likɛ́lɛ tɛ́|makɛ́lɛ tɛ́]] <br/><small>(non-métaux)</small> | bgcolor="#ffff99" align="center"|[[halogène]]s | bgcolor="#c0ffff" align="center"|[[gaz rare]]s |} '''NB : à traduire''' remerciements a moyogo(wiktionaire) [[category:Kémi]] [[af:Periodieke tabel]] [[als:Periodensystem]] [[ar:جدول دوري]] [[ast:Tabla periódica]] [[be:Перыядычная сістэма элементаў]] [[bg:Периодична таблица]] [[br:Taolenn beriodek an elfennoù]] [[bs:Periodni sistem elemenata]] [[ca:Taula periòdica]] [[cs:Periodická tabulka]] [[cy:Tabl Cyfnodol]] [[da:Det periodiske system]] [[de:Periodensystem]] [[el:Περιοδικός πίνακας των χημικών στοιχείων]] [[en:Periodic table]] [[eo:Perioda tabelo]] [[es:Tabla periódica de los elementos]] [[et:Keemiliste elementide perioodilisussüsteem]] [[eu:Elementuen sailkapen periodiko]] [[fa:جدول تناوبی (استاندارد)]] [[fi:Alkuaineiden jaksollinen järjestelmä]] [[fo:Skeiðbundna skipanin]] [[fur:Tabele periodiche]] [[ga:Tábla peiriadach]] [[gl:Táboa periódica dos elementos]] [[gu:આવર્ત કોષ્ટક]] [[he:הטבלה המחזורית]] [[hr:Periodni sustav elemenata]] [[hu:Periódusos rendszer]] [[ia:Tabella periodic del elementos]] [[id:Tabel periodik]] [[io:Periodala tabelo dil elementaro]] [[is:Lotukerfið]] [[it:Tavola periodica]] [[ja:周期表]] [[ka:ქიმიურ ელემენტთა პერიოდული სისტემა]] [[ko:주기율표]] [[ku:Tabloya periyodîk a elementan]] [[la:Systema Periodicum]] [[lb:Periodesystem vun den Elementer]] [[li:Periodiek systeem vaan elemente]] [[lt:Periodinė elementų lentelė]] [[lv:Ķīmisko elementu periodiskā tabula]] [[mi:Ripanga pūmotu]] [[mk:Периоден систем]] [[ms:Jadual berkala]] [[nds:Periodensysteem]] [[nl:Periodiek systeem]] [[nn:Periodesystemet]] [[no:Periodesystemet]] [[pl:Układ okresowy pierwiastków]] [[pt:Tabela periódica]] [[ro:Tabelul periodic al elementelor]] [[ru:Периодическая система элементов]] [[sh:Periodni sistem elemenata]] [[simple:Periodic table]] [[sk:Periodická tabuľka]] [[sl:Periodni sistem elementov]] [[sr:Периодни систем елемената]] [[su:Tabel periodik]] [[sv:Periodiska systemet]] [[ta:ஆவர்த்தன அட்டவணை]] [[th:ตารางธาตุ]] [[tl:Talaang peryodiko]] [[tr:Periyodik cetvel]] [[uk:Періодична система елементів]] [[vi:Bảng tuần hoàn]] [[wa:Tåvlea periodike des elemints]] [[zh:元素周期表]] [[zh-yue:元素週期表]] 8215 2006-05-23T20:09:14Z Ivo3 68 {| style="border:1px solid" align=center cellpadding=10 | <big>'''<center>Etánda lya bileko</center><br><big><center>Tableau périodique des éléments en lingala</center>'''</big> |} {| border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" bordercolor="#FFFFFF" width="80%" align="center" style="margin-bottom: 1.5em" |- | align="center" width="8%"| | align="center" |'''1''' | align="center" |'''2''' | width="2%" align="center" | | align="center" |'''3''' | align="center" |'''4''' | align="center" |'''5''' | align="center" |'''6''' | align="center" |'''7''' | align="center" |'''8''' | align="center" |'''9''' | align="center" |'''10''' | align="center" |'''11''' | align="center" |'''12''' | align="center" |'''13''' | align="center" |'''14''' | align="center" |'''15''' | align="center" |'''16''' | align="center" |'''17''' | align="center" |'''18''' |- | align="center" width="8%"| | align="center" |'''I''' | align="center" |'''II''' | width="2%" align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |'''III''' | align="center" |'''IV''' | align="center" |'''V''' | align="center" |'''VI''' | align="center" |'''VII''' | align="center" |'''VIII''' |- | align="center" width="8%"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''1''' | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|1<br/>[[H]]<br/><font size=1>[[idrojɛ́ní]]</font> | align="center"| | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|2<br/>[[He]]<font size=1><br/>[[eliyúmu]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''2''' | align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666"|3<br/>[[Li]]<br/><font size=1>[[litu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|4<br/>[[Be]]<br/><font size=1>[[belilu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|5<br/>[[B]]<br/><font size=1>[[bolo]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|6<br/>[[C]]<br/><font size=1>[[kaboni]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|7<br/>[[N]]<br/><font size=1>[[azoti]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|8<br/>[[O]]<br/><font size=1>[[oksijɛ́ní]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99"|9<br/>[[F]]<br/><font size=1>[[folina]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|10<br/>[[Ne]]<br/><font size=1>[[neoni]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''3''' | align="center" bgcolor="#ff6666"|11<br/>[[Na]]<br/><font size=1>[[sodu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|12<br/>[[Mg]]<br/><font size=1>[[manezu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|13<br/>[[Al]]<br/><font size=1>[[aluminyu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|14<br/>[[Si]]<br/><font size=1>[[siliki]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|15<br/>[[P]]<br/><font size=1>[[fosofo]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|16<br/>[[S]]<br/><font size=1>[[sufa]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99"|17<br/>[[Cl]]<br/><font size=1>[[koloki]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|18<br/>[[Ar]]<br/><font size=1>[[alago]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''4''' | align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666"|19<br/>[[K]]<br/><font size=1>[[potasu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|20<br/>[[Ca]]<br/><font size=1>[[kalisu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|21<br/>[[Sc]]<br/><font size=1>[[sekandu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|22<br/>[[Ti]]<br/><font size=1>[[titani]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|23<br/>[[V]]<br/><font size=1>[[vanadu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|24<br/>[[Cr]]<br/><font size=1>[[kolomo]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|25<br/>[[Mn]]<br/><font size=1>[[manezu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|26<br/>[[Fe]]<br/><font size=1>[[ebendé]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|27<br/>[[Co]]<br/><font size=1>[[kobalti]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|28<br/>[[Ni]]<br/><font size=1>[[nikɛ́li]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|29<br/>[[Cu]]<br/><font size=1>[[mbengi]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|30<br/>[[Zn]]<br/><font size=1>[[zɛ́nki]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|31<br/>[[Ga]]<br/><font size=1>[[galu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|32<br/>[[Ge]]<br/><font size=1>[[jemani]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|33<br/>[[As]]<br/><font size=1>[[aseni]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|34<br/>[[Se]]<br/><font size=1>[[seleni]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99"|35<br/>[[Br]]<br/><font size=1>[[bomo]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|36<br/>[[Kr]]<br/><font size=1>[[kliptoni]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''5''' | align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666"|37<br/>[[Rb]]<br/><font size=1>[[libidu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|38<br/>[[Sr]]<br/><font size=1>[[sitotu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|39<br/>[[Y]]<br/><font size=1>[[yetibu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|40<br/>[[Zr]]<br/><font size=1>[[zikonu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|41<br/>[[Nb]]<br/><font size=1>[[nobu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|42<br/>[[Mo]]<br/><font size=1>[[modemu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|43<br/>[[Tc]]<br/><font size=1>[[tenetu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|44<br/>[[Ru]]<br/><font size=1>[[lotenu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|45<br/>[[Rh]]<br/><font size=1>[[lodu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|46<br/>[[Pd]]<br/><font size=1>[[paladu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|47<br/>[[Ag]]<br/><font size=1>[[sɛ́ngi]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|48<br/>[[Cd]]<br/><font size=1>[[kademu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|49<br/>[[In]]<br/><font size=1>[[indu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|50<br/>[[Sn]]<br/><font size=1>[[etani]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|51<br/>[[Sb]]<br/><font size=1>[[antimoni]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|52<br/>[[Te]]<br/><font size=1>[[telulu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99"|53<br/>[[I]]<br/><font size=1>[[ide]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|54<br/>[[Xe]]<br/><font size=1>[[zenoni]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''6''' | align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666"|55<br/>[[Cs]]<br/><font size=1>[[kaesu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|56<br/>[[Ba]]<br/><font size=1>[[balu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffbfff"|* | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|71<br/>[[Lu]]<br/><font size=1>[[lutetu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|72<br/>[[Hf]]<br/><font size=1>[[hafenu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|73<br/>[[Ta]]<br/><font size=1>[[tantalu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|74<br/>[[W]]<br/><font size=1>[[tungu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|75<br/>[[Re]]<br/><font size=1>[[lenu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|76<br/>[[Os]]<br/><font size=1>[[osumu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|77<br/>[[Ir]]<br/><font size=1>[[ilidu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|78<br/>[[Pt]]<br/><font size=1>[[palata]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|79<br/>[[Au]]<br/><font size=1>[[wólo]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|80<br/>[[Hg]]<br/><font size=1>[[mekuli]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|81<br/>[[Tl]]<br/><font size=1>[[talu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|82<br/>[[Pb]]<br/><font size=1>[[kubéle]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|83<br/>[[Bi]]<br/><font size=1>[[bisemu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|84<br/>[[Po]]<br/><font size=1>[[polonu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99"|85<br/>[[At]]<br/><font size=1>[[atati]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|86<br/>[[Rn]]<br/><font size=1>[[lado]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''7''' | align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666"|87<br/>[[Fr]]<br/><font size=1>[[fansu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|88<br/>[[Ra]]<br/><font size=1>[[ladu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|** | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|103<br/>[[Lr]]<br/><font size=1>[[laleku]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|104<br/>[[Rf]]<br/><font size=1>[[lotefodu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|105<br/>[[Db]]<br/><font size=1>[[dubenu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|106<br/>[[Sg]]<br/><font size=1>[[seabodu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|107<br/>[[Bh]]<br/><font size=1>[[bohlu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|108<br/>[[Hs]]<br/><font size=1>[[hasu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|109<br/>[[Mt]]<br/><font size=1>[[meitenu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|110<br/>[[Ds]]<br/><font size=1>[[damtadu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|111<br/>[[Rg]]<br/><font size=1>[[luntenu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|112<br/>[[Uub]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununbu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#eceaec"|<font color="#808080">113<br/>[[Uut]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununtrium]]</font></font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|114<br/>[[Uuq]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununkwadu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#eceaec"|<font color="#808080">115<br/>[[Uup]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununpentium]]</font></font> | align="center" bgcolor="#eceaec"|116<br/>[[Uuh]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununeksu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#fcfecc"|<font color="#808080">117<br/>[[Uus]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununseptium]]</font></font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ecfefc"|118<br/>[[Uuo]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununoktu]]?</font> |} NB : les noms suivis d'un point d'interrogation sont des approximations, il faudrait les vérifier auprès de lexicologues et terminologues. Tous les autres proviennent de dictionnaires et autres ouvrages de référence. {| border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" bordercolor="#FFFFFF" align="center" style="margin-bottom:1.5em" |- | width="18%" align="center"|'''<font size=1>[[lanthanide|Lanthanide]]s</font>''' | width="2%" align="center"|* | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|57<br/>[[La]]<br/><font size=1>[[lantanu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|58<br/>[[Ce]]<br/><font size=1>[[selu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|59<br/>[[Pr]]<br/><font size=1>[[padimu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|60<br/>[[Nd]]<br/><font size=1>[[nedimu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|61<br/>[[Pm]]<br/><font size=1>[[pometu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|62<br/>[[Sm]]<br/><font size=1>[[samalu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|63<br/>[[Eu]]<br/><font size=1>[[elopu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|64<br/>[[Gd]]<br/><font size=1>[[gadolinu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|65<br/>[[Tb]]<br/><font size=1>[[telebumu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|66<br/>[[Dy]]<br/><font size=1>[[diposu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|67<br/>[[Ho]]<br/><font size=1>[[olimu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|68<br/>[[Er]]<br/><font size=1>[[ebu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|69<br/>[[Tm]]<br/><font size=1>[[tulu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|70<br/>[[Yb]]<br/><font size=1>[[yetibu]]</font> | align="center"| | align="center"| |- | width="18%" align="center"|'''<font size=1>[[actinide|Actinides]]</font>''' | width="2%" align="center"|** | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|89<br/>[[Ac]]<br/><font size=1>[[atinu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|90<br/>[[Th]]<br/><font size=1>[[tolu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|91<br/>[[Pa]]<br/><font size=1>[[potinu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|92<br/>[[U]]<br/><font size=1>[[ulanu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|93<br/>[[Np]]<br/><font size=1>[[netunu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|94<br/>[[Pu]]<br/><font size=1>[[putonu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|95<br/>[[Am]]<br/><font size=1>[[amelu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|96<br/>[[Cm]]<br/><font size=1>[[kolumu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|97<br/>[[Bk]]<br/><font size=1>[[bekelu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|98<br/>[[Cf]]<br/><font size=1>[[kalifu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|99<br/>[[Es]]<br/><font size=1>[[eselemu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|100<br/>[[Fm]]<br/><font size=1>[[femu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|101<br/>[[Md]]<br/><font size=1>[[mendelu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|102<br/>[[No]]<br/><font size=1>[[nobelu]]</font> | align="center"| | align="center"| |} {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" width="80%" bordercolor="#FFFFFF" align="center" |+ Séries chimiques du tableau périodique |- | bgcolor="#FF6666" align="center"|[[métal alcalin|métaux alcalins]] | bgcolor="#FFDEAD" align="center"|[[métal alcalino-terreux|métaux alcalino-terreux]] | bgcolor="#ffbfff" align="center"|[[lanthanide]]s | bgcolor="#ff99cc" align="center"|[[actinide]]s | bgcolor="#ffc0c0" align="center"|[[métal de transition|métaux de transition]] |- | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"|[[métal pauvre|métaux pauvres]] | bgcolor="#CCCC99" align="center"|[[métalloïde]]s | bgcolor="#a0ffa0" align="center"|[[likɛ́lɛ tɛ́|makɛ́lɛ tɛ́]] <br/><small>(non-métaux)</small> | bgcolor="#ffff99" align="center"|[[halogène]]s | bgcolor="#c0ffff" align="center"|[[gaz rare]]s |} '''NB : à traduire''' remerciements a moyogo(wiktionaire) [[category:Kémi]] [[af:Periodieke tabel]] [[als:Periodensystem]] [[ar:جدول دوري]] [[ast:Tabla periódica]] [[be:Перыядычная сістэма элементаў]] [[bg:Периодична таблица]] [[br:Taolenn beriodek an elfennoù]] [[bs:Periodni sistem elemenata]] [[ca:Taula periòdica]] [[cs:Periodická tabulka]] [[cy:Tabl Cyfnodol]] [[da:Det periodiske system]] [[de:Periodensystem]] [[el:Περιοδικός πίνακας των χημικών στοιχείων]] [[en:Periodic table]] [[eo:Perioda tabelo]] [[es:Tabla periódica de los elementos]] [[et:Keemiliste elementide perioodilisussüsteem]] [[eu:Elementuen sailkapen periodiko]] [[fa:جدول تناوبی (استاندارد)]] [[fi:Alkuaineiden jaksollinen järjestelmä]] [[fo:Skeiðbundna skipanin]] [[fr:tableau périodique des éléments]] [[fur:Tabele periodiche]] [[ga:Tábla peiriadach]] [[gl:Táboa periódica dos elementos]] [[gu:આવર્ત કોષ્ટક]] [[he:הטבלה המחזורית]] [[hr:Periodni sustav elemenata]] [[hu:Periódusos rendszer]] [[ia:Tabella periodic del elementos]] [[id:Tabel periodik]] [[io:Periodala tabelo dil elementaro]] [[is:Lotukerfið]] [[it:Tavola periodica]] [[ja:周期表]] [[ka:ქიმიურ ელემენტთა პერიოდული სისტემა]] [[ko:주기율표]] [[ku:Tabloya periyodîk a elementan]] [[la:Systema Periodicum]] [[lb:Periodesystem vun den Elementer]] [[li:Periodiek systeem vaan elemente]] [[lt:Periodinė elementų lentelė]] [[lv:Ķīmisko elementu periodiskā tabula]] [[mi:Ripanga pūmotu]] [[mk:Периоден систем]] [[ms:Jadual berkala]] [[nds:Periodensysteem]] [[nl:Periodiek systeem]] [[nn:Periodesystemet]] [[no:Periodesystemet]] [[pl:Układ okresowy pierwiastków]] [[pt:Tabela periódica]] [[ro:Tabelul periodic al elementelor]] [[ru:Периодическая система элементов]] [[sh:Periodni sistem elemenata]] [[simple:Periodic table]] [[sk:Periodická tabuľka]] [[sl:Periodni sistem elementov]] [[sr:Периодни систем елемената]] [[su:Tabel periodik]] [[sv:Periodiska systemet]] [[ta:ஆவர்த்தன அட்டவணை]] [[th:ตารางธาตุ]] [[tl:Talaang peryodiko]] [[tr:Periyodik cetvel]] [[uk:Періодична система елементів]] [[vi:Bảng tuần hoàn]] [[wa:Tåvlea periodike des elemints]] [[zh:元素周期表]] [[zh-yue:元素週期表]] 8219 2006-05-23T22:51:21Z Moyogo 11 #REDIRECT [[Etánda ya bileko]] Atome 2261 8151 2006-05-19T20:58:42Z 83.10.27.199 Atome: (eúti epái ya ba Greki '''ατομος''' elakisi "oyo bakoki kokabola te".)<br> Kemi elóbi te atome ézali eténi ya suka ya muké óyo ekɔ́ki kokangama na eténi musúsu.<br><br>Kasi atome ézali mpe na biténi nayango. Biténi yango ebengami: [[eléktron]], [[proton]] na [[netron]]. Ba netron na ba proton ézali nakáti ya [[mokɔkɔli]]. Ba eléktron kasí bizali kobaluka na libándá ya mokɔkɔli. 8158 2006-05-19T22:16:58Z 83.10.9.76 Atome: (eúti epái ya ba Greki '''ατομος''' elakisi "oyo bakoki kokabola te".)<br> [[Kemi]] elóbi te atome ézali eténi ya suka ya muké óyo ekɔ́ki kokangama na eténi musúsu.<br><br>Kasi atome ézali mpe na biténi nayango. Biténi yango ebengami: [[eléktron]], [[proton]] na [[netron]]. Ba netron na ba proton ézali nakáti ya [[mokɔkɔli]]. Ba eléktron kasí bizali kobaluka na libándá ya mokɔkɔli. 8159 2006-05-19T22:17:47Z 83.10.9.76 Atome: (eúti epái ya ba Greki '''ατομος''' elakisi "oyo bakoki kokabola te".)<br> [[Kémí]] elóbi te atome ézali eténi ya suka ya muké óyo ekɔ́ki kokangama na eténi musúsu.<br><br>Kasi atome ézali mpe na biténi nayango. Biténi yango ebengami: [[eléktron]], [[proton]] na [[netron]]. Ba netron na ba proton ézali nakáti ya [[mokɔkɔli]]. Ba eléktron kasí bizali kobaluka na libándá ya mokɔkɔli. 8160 2006-05-19T22:18:30Z 83.10.9.76 Atome: (eúti epái ya ba Greki '''ατομος''' elakisi "oyo bakoki kokabola te".)<br> [[Kémi]] elóbi te atome ézali eténi ya suka ya muké óyo ekɔ́ki kokangama na eténi musúsu.<br><br>Kasi atome ézali mpe na biténi nayango. Biténi yango ebengami: [[eléktron]], [[proton]] na [[netron]]. Ba netron na ba proton ézali nakáti ya [[mokɔkɔli]]. Ba eléktron kasí bizali kobaluka na libándá ya mokɔkɔli. 8161 2006-05-19T22:24:36Z Ivo3 68 Atome: (eúti epái ya ba Greki '''ατομος''' elakisi "oyo bakoki kokabola te".)<br> [[Kémi]] elóbi te atome ézali eténi ya suka ya muké óyo ekɔ́ki kokangama na eténi musúsu.<br><br>Kasi atome ézali mpe na biténi nayango. Biténi yango ebengami: [[eléktron]], [[proton]] na [[netron]]. Ba netron na ba proton ézali nakáti ya [[mokɔkɔli]]. Ba eléktron kasí bazali kobaluka na libándá ya mokɔkɔli. 8175 2006-05-22T12:12:01Z Bombo 12 interwiki, cat Atome: (eúti epái ya ba Greki '''ατομος''' elakisi "oyo bakoki kokabola te".)<br> [[Kémi]] elóbi te atome ézali eténi ya suka ya muké óyo ekɔ́ki kokangama na eténi musúsu.<br><br>Kasi atome ézali mpe na biténi nayango. Biténi yango ebengami: [[eléktron]], [[proton]] na [[netron]]. Ba netron na ba proton ézali nakáti ya [[mokɔkɔli]]. Ba eléktron kasí bazali kobaluka na libándá ya mokɔkɔli. [[Category:Atome]] [[af:Atoom]] [[an:Atomo]] [[ar:ذرة]] [[ast:Átomu]] [[bg:Атом]] [[br:Atom]] [[bs:Atom]] [[bug:Atong]] [[ca:Àtom]] [[cs:Atom]] [[da:Atom]] [[de:Atom]] [[el:Άτομο]] [[en:Atom]] [[eo:Atomo]] [[es:Átomo]] [[et:Aatom]] [[eu:Atomo]] [[fa:اتم]] [[fi:Atomi]] [[fo:Atom]] [[gl:Átomo]] [[he:אטום]] [[hr:Atom]] [[hu:Atom]] [[ia:Atomo]] [[id:Atom]] [[io:Atomo]] [[is:Frumeind]] [[it:Teoria atomica]] [[ja:原子]] [[jbo:ratni]] [[ka:ატომი]] [[kn:ಅಣು]] [[ko:원자]] [[la:Atomus]] [[lt:Atomas]] [[lv:Atoms]] [[mk:Атом]] [[ms:Atom]] [[nds:Atom]] [[nl:Atoom]] [[nn:Atom]] [[no:Atom]] [[pl:Atom]] [[pt:Átomo]] [[ro:Atom]] [[ru:Атом]] [[sh:Atom]] [[simple:Atom]] [[sk:Atóm]] [[sl:Atom]] [[sr:Атом]] [[su:Atom]] [[sv:Atom]] [[ta:அணு]] [[th:อะตอม]] [[tl:Atomo]] [[tr:Atom]] [[uk:Атом]] [[vi:Nguyên tử]] [[yi:אטאם]] [[zh:原子]] 8189 2006-05-22T13:44:03Z Moyogo 11 Atome: (eúti epái ya ba [[Greki]] ''ατομος'' elakisi «óyo bakokí kokabola tɛ́».)<br> [[Kémi]] elobí ’te atome ezalí eténi ya suka ya mokɛ́ óyo ekɔ́kí kokangama na eténi mosúsu. Kasi atome ezalí mpé na biténi na yangó. Biténi yangó ebengamí : [[eléktron]], [[proton]] na [[netron]]. Banetron na ba proton ézali na káti ya [[mokɔkɔli]]. Baeléktron kasi bazalí kobaluka na libándá ya mokɔkɔli. [[Category:Atome]] [[af:Atoom]] [[an:Atomo]] [[ar:ذرة]] [[ast:Átomu]] [[bg:Атом]] [[br:Atom]] [[bs:Atom]] [[bug:Atong]] [[ca:Àtom]] [[cs:Atom]] [[da:Atom]] [[de:Atom]] [[el:Άτομο]] [[en:Atom]] [[eo:Atomo]] [[es:Átomo]] [[et:Aatom]] [[eu:Atomo]] [[fa:اتم]] [[fi:Atomi]] [[fo:Atom]] [[gl:Átomo]] [[he:אטום]] [[hr:Atom]] [[hu:Atom]] [[ia:Atomo]] [[id:Atom]] [[io:Atomo]] [[is:Frumeind]] [[it:Teoria atomica]] [[ja:原子]] [[jbo:ratni]] [[ka:ატომი]] [[kn:ಅಣು]] [[ko:원자]] [[la:Atomus]] [[lt:Atomas]] [[lv:Atoms]] [[mk:Атом]] [[ms:Atom]] [[nds:Atom]] [[nl:Atoom]] [[nn:Atom]] [[no:Atom]] [[pl:Atom]] [[pt:Átomo]] [[ro:Atom]] [[ru:Атом]] [[sh:Atom]] [[simple:Atom]] [[sk:Atóm]] [[sl:Atom]] [[sr:Атом]] [[su:Atom]] [[sv:Atom]] [[ta:அணு]] [[th:อะตอม]] [[tl:Atomo]] [[tr:Atom]] [[uk:Атом]] [[vi:Nguyên tử]] [[yi:אטאם]] [[zh:原子]] 8260 2006-05-29T04:46:35Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: fr, ht Atome: (eúti epái ya ba [[Greki]] ''ατομος'' elakisi «óyo bakokí kokabola tɛ́».)<br> [[Kémi]] elobí ’te atome ezalí eténi ya suka ya mokɛ́ óyo ekɔ́kí kokangama na eténi mosúsu. Kasi atome ezalí mpé na biténi na yangó. Biténi yangó ebengamí : [[eléktron]], [[proton]] na [[netron]]. Banetron na ba proton ézali na káti ya [[mokɔkɔli]]. Baeléktron kasi bazalí kobaluka na libándá ya mokɔkɔli. [[Category:Atome]] [[af:Atoom]] [[an:Atomo]] [[ar:ذرة]] [[ast:Átomu]] [[bg:Атом]] [[br:Atom]] [[bs:Atom]] [[bug:Atong]] [[ca:Àtom]] [[cs:Atom]] [[da:Atom]] [[de:Atom]] [[el:Άτομο]] [[en:Atom]] [[eo:Atomo]] [[es:Átomo]] [[et:Aatom]] [[eu:Atomo]] [[fa:اتم]] [[fi:Atomi]] [[fo:Atom]] [[fr:Atome]] [[gl:Átomo]] [[he:אטום]] [[hr:Atom]] [[ht:Atòm]] [[hu:Atom]] [[ia:Atomo]] [[id:Atom]] [[io:Atomo]] [[is:Frumeind]] [[it:Teoria atomica]] [[ja:原子]] [[jbo:ratni]] [[ka:ატომი]] [[kn:ಅಣು]] [[ko:원자]] [[la:Atomus]] [[lt:Atomas]] [[lv:Atoms]] [[mk:Атом]] [[ms:Atom]] [[nds:Atom]] [[nl:Atoom]] [[nn:Atom]] [[no:Atom]] [[pl:Atom]] [[pt:Átomo]] [[ro:Atom]] [[ru:Атом]] [[sh:Atom]] [[simple:Atom]] [[sk:Atóm]] [[sl:Atom]] [[sr:Атом]] [[su:Atom]] [[sv:Atom]] [[ta:அணு]] [[th:อะตอม]] [[tl:Atomo]] [[tr:Atom]] [[uk:Атом]] [[vi:Nguyên tử]] [[yi:אטאם]] [[zh:原子]] 8927 2006-07-21T04:53:33Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: bn, scn, zh-min-nan, zh-yue Atome: (eúti epái ya ba [[Greki]] ''ατομος'' elakisi «óyo bakokí kokabola tɛ́».)<br> [[Kémi]] elobí ’te atome ezalí eténi ya suka ya mokɛ́ óyo ekɔ́kí kokangama na eténi mosúsu. Kasi atome ezalí mpé na biténi na yangó. Biténi yangó ebengamí : [[eléktron]], [[proton]] na [[netron]]. Banetron na ba proton ézali na káti ya [[mokɔkɔli]]. Baeléktron kasi bazalí kobaluka na libándá ya mokɔkɔli. [[Category:Atome]] [[af:Atoom]] [[an:Atomo]] [[ar:ذرة]] [[ast:Átomu]] [[bg:Атом]] [[bn:পরমাণু]] [[br:Atom]] [[bs:Atom]] [[bug:Atong]] [[ca:Àtom]] [[cs:Atom]] [[da:Atom]] [[de:Atom]] [[el:Άτομο]] [[en:Atom]] [[eo:Atomo]] [[es:Átomo]] [[et:Aatom]] [[eu:Atomo]] [[fa:اتم]] [[fi:Atomi]] [[fo:Atom]] [[fr:Atome]] [[gl:Átomo]] [[he:אטום]] [[hr:Atom]] [[ht:Atòm]] [[hu:Atom]] [[ia:Atomo]] [[id:Atom]] [[io:Atomo]] [[is:Frumeind]] [[it:Teoria atomica]] [[ja:原子]] [[jbo:ratni]] [[ka:ატომი]] [[kn:ಅಣು]] [[ko:원자]] [[la:Atomus]] [[lt:Atomas]] [[lv:Atoms]] [[mk:Атом]] [[ms:Atom]] [[nds:Atom]] [[nl:Atoom]] [[nn:Atom]] [[no:Atom]] [[pl:Atom]] [[pt:Átomo]] [[ro:Atom]] [[ru:Атом]] [[scn:Àtumu]] [[sh:Atom]] [[simple:Atom]] [[sk:Atóm]] [[sl:Atom]] [[sr:Атом]] [[su:Atom]] [[sv:Atom]] [[ta:அணு]] [[th:อะตอม]] [[tl:Atomo]] [[tr:Atom]] [[uk:Атом]] [[vi:Nguyên tử]] [[yi:אטאם]] [[zh:原子]] [[zh-min-nan:Goân-chú]] [[zh-yue:原子]] 9348 2006-09-14T16:56:53Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: uz Atome: (eúti epái ya ba [[Greki]] ''ατομος'' elakisi «óyo bakokí kokabola tɛ́».)<br> [[Kémi]] elobí ’te atome ezalí eténi ya suka ya mokɛ́ óyo ekɔ́kí kokangama na eténi mosúsu. Kasi atome ezalí mpé na biténi na yangó. Biténi yangó ebengamí : [[eléktron]], [[proton]] na [[netron]]. Banetron na ba proton ézali na káti ya [[mokɔkɔli]]. Baeléktron kasi bazalí kobaluka na libándá ya mokɔkɔli. [[Category:Atome]] [[af:Atoom]] [[an:Atomo]] [[ar:ذرة]] [[ast:Átomu]] [[bg:Атом]] [[bn:পরমাণু]] [[br:Atom]] [[bs:Atom]] [[bug:Atong]] [[ca:Àtom]] [[cs:Atom]] [[da:Atom]] [[de:Atom]] [[el:Άτομο]] [[en:Atom]] [[eo:Atomo]] [[es:Átomo]] [[et:Aatom]] [[eu:Atomo]] [[fa:اتم]] [[fi:Atomi]] [[fo:Atom]] [[fr:Atome]] [[gl:Átomo]] [[he:אטום]] [[hr:Atom]] [[ht:Atòm]] [[hu:Atom]] [[ia:Atomo]] [[id:Atom]] [[io:Atomo]] [[is:Frumeind]] [[it:Teoria atomica]] [[ja:原子]] [[jbo:ratni]] [[ka:ატომი]] [[kn:ಅಣು]] [[ko:원자]] [[la:Atomus]] [[lt:Atomas]] [[lv:Atoms]] [[mk:Атом]] [[ms:Atom]] [[nds:Atom]] [[nl:Atoom]] [[nn:Atom]] [[no:Atom]] [[pl:Atom]] [[pt:Átomo]] [[ro:Atom]] [[ru:Атом]] [[scn:Àtumu]] [[sh:Atom]] [[simple:Atom]] [[sk:Atóm]] [[sl:Atom]] [[sr:Атом]] [[su:Atom]] [[sv:Atom]] [[ta:அணு]] [[th:อะตอม]] [[tl:Atomo]] [[tr:Atom]] [[uk:Атом]] [[uz:Atom]] [[vi:Nguyên tử]] [[yi:אטאם]] [[zh:原子]] [[zh-min-nan:Goân-chú]] [[zh-yue:原子]] Mokókóló ya atome 2262 8152 2006-05-19T21:13:15Z 83.10.27.199 Mokɔkɔli(kemi) ézali eténi ya [[atome]] na kati na yango ba [[proton]] na ba [[netron]] ézali. Bonéne ya atome na masi na yango penepene ézali nionso na kati ya mokɔkɔli. 8176 2006-05-22T12:17:32Z Bombo 12 cat, interwiki '''Mokɔkɔli''' ([[kémi]]) ézali eténi ya [[atome]] na kati na yango ba [[proton]] na ba [[netron]] ézali. Bonéne ya atome na masi na yango penepene ézali nionso na kati ya mokɔkɔli. [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Molekule]] [[als:Molekül]] [[ar:جزيء]] [[bg:Молекула]] [[ca:Molècula]] [[cs:Molekula]] [[da:Molekyle]] [[de:Molekül]] [[el:Μόριο]] [[en:Molecule]] [[eo:Molekulo]] [[es:Molécula]] [[et:Molekul]] [[fi:Molekyyli]] [[fo:Mýl]] [[gl:Molécula]] [[he:מולקולה]] [[hr:Molekula]] [[hu:Molekula]] [[id:Molekul]] [[io:Molekulo]] [[is:Sameind]] [[it:Molecola]] [[ja:分子]] [[ko:분자]] [[lt:Molekulė]] [[lv:Molekula]] [[mk:Молекула]] [[nds:Molekül]] [[nl:Molecuul]] [[nn:Molekyl]] [[no:Molekyl]] [[pl:Cząsteczka]] [[pt:Molécula]] [[ru:Молекула]] [[sh:Molekula]] [[simple:Molecule]] [[sk:Molekula]] [[sl:Molekula]] [[sr:Молекул]] [[su:Molekul]] [[sv:Molekyl]] [[th:โมเลกุล]] [[tl:Molekula]] [[tr:Molekül]] [[uk:Молекула]] [[vi:Phân tử]] [[zh:分子]] 8190 2006-05-22T13:52:11Z Moyogo 11 [[Mokɔkɔli]] moved to [[Mokókóló ya atome]]: Mokɔkɔli -> Mokókólí/ó = noyau '''Mokɔkɔli''' ([[kémi]]) ézali eténi ya [[atome]] na kati na yango ba [[proton]] na ba [[netron]] ézali. Bonéne ya atome na masi na yango penepene ézali nionso na kati ya mokɔkɔli. [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Molekule]] [[als:Molekül]] [[ar:جزيء]] [[bg:Молекула]] [[ca:Molècula]] [[cs:Molekula]] [[da:Molekyle]] [[de:Molekül]] [[el:Μόριο]] [[en:Molecule]] [[eo:Molekulo]] [[es:Molécula]] [[et:Molekul]] [[fi:Molekyyli]] [[fo:Mýl]] [[gl:Molécula]] [[he:מולקולה]] [[hr:Molekula]] [[hu:Molekula]] [[id:Molekul]] [[io:Molekulo]] [[is:Sameind]] [[it:Molecola]] [[ja:分子]] [[ko:분자]] [[lt:Molekulė]] [[lv:Molekula]] [[mk:Молекула]] [[nds:Molekül]] [[nl:Molecuul]] [[nn:Molekyl]] [[no:Molekyl]] [[pl:Cząsteczka]] [[pt:Molécula]] [[ru:Молекула]] [[sh:Molekula]] [[simple:Molecule]] [[sk:Molekula]] [[sl:Molekula]] [[sr:Молекул]] [[su:Molekul]] [[sv:Molekyl]] [[th:โมเลกุล]] [[tl:Molekula]] [[tr:Molekül]] [[uk:Молекула]] [[vi:Phân tử]] [[zh:分子]] 8192 2006-05-22T13:54:27Z Moyogo 11 ortho, +interwiki '''Mokókóló''' tǒ mokókóli ([[kémi]]) ezalí eténi ya [[atome]] na káti na yangó [[proton|baproton]] na [[netron|banetron]] ezalí. Bonɛ́nɛ ya atome na masi na yangó pɛnɛpɛnɛ ezalí nyɔ́nsɔ na káti ya mokókóló. [[Category:Kémi]] [[ar:نواة ذرة]] [[bg:Атомно ядро]] [[br:Nukleüs (an atomoù)]] [[ca:Nucli atòmic]] [[cs:Atomové jádro]] [[da:Atomkerne]] [[de:Atomkern]] [[en:Atomic nucleus]] [[eo:Atomkerno]] [[es:Núcleo atómico]] [[et:Aatomituum]] [[fa:هسته اتم]] [[he:גרעין האטום]] [[hu:Atommag]] [[ia:Nucleo atomic]] [[id:Inti atom]] [[is:Frumeindakjarni]] [[it:Nucleo atomico]] [[ja:原子核]] [[ko:원자핵]] [[la:Nucleus atomi]] [[lt:Atomo branduolys]] [[nl:Atoomkern]] [[nn:Atomkjerne]] [[no:Atomkjerne]] [[pl:Jądro atomowe]] [[pt:Núcleo atómico]] [[ru:Атомное ядро]] [[sk:Atómové jadro]] [[sl:Atomsko jedro]] [[sv:Atomkärna]] [[th:นิวเคลียสอะตอม]] [[uk:Ядро (атома)]] [[vi:Hạt nhân]] [[zh:原子核]] 8193 2006-05-22T14:06:16Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:Atom.png|right|300px|thumbnail|Atome na [[eliyúmu]] (He). Baproton bizalí [[motáné ngwa]] mpé banetron bizalí [[mái ma mpɔndú]].]] '''Mokókóló''' tǒ '''mokókóli''' ([[kémi]]) ezalí eténi ya [[atome]] na káti na yangó [[proton|baproton]] na [[netron|banetron]] ezalí . Bonɛ́nɛ ya atome na masi na yangó pɛnɛpɛnɛ ezalí nyɔ́nsɔ na káti ya mokókóló. [[Category:Kémi]] [[ar:نواة ذرة]] [[bg:Атомно ядро]] [[br:Nukleüs (an atomoù)]] [[ca:Nucli atòmic]] [[cs:Atomové jádro]] [[da:Atomkerne]] [[de:Atomkern]] [[en:Atomic nucleus]] [[eo:Atomkerno]] [[es:Núcleo atómico]] [[et:Aatomituum]] [[fa:هسته اتم]] [[he:גרעין האטום]] [[hu:Atommag]] [[ia:Nucleo atomic]] [[id:Inti atom]] [[is:Frumeindakjarni]] [[it:Nucleo atomico]] [[ja:原子核]] [[ko:원자핵]] [[la:Nucleus atomi]] [[lt:Atomo branduolys]] [[nl:Atoomkern]] [[nn:Atomkjerne]] [[no:Atomkjerne]] [[pl:Jądro atomowe]] [[pt:Núcleo atómico]] [[ru:Атомное ядро]] [[sk:Atómové jadro]] [[sl:Atomsko jedro]] [[sv:Atomkärna]] [[th:นิวเคลียสอะตอม]] [[uk:Ядро (атома)]] [[vi:Hạt nhân]] [[zh:原子核]] 8204 2006-05-23T10:14:06Z 160.85.2.50 [[Image:Atom.png|right|300px|thumbnail|Atome na [[eliyúmu]] (He). Baproton bizalí [[motáné ngwa]] mpé banetron bizalí [[mái ma mpɔndú]].]] '''Mokókóló''' tǒ '''mokókóli''' ([[kémi]]) ezalí eténi ya [[atome]] na káti na yangó [[proton|baproton]] na [[netron|banetron]] ezalí . Bonɛ́nɛ ya atome na masi na yangó pɛnɛpɛnɛ ezalí nyɔ́nsɔ na káti ya mokókóló. [[Category:Kémi]] [[Category:Atome]] [[ar:نواة ذرة]] [[bg:Атомно ядро]] [[br:Nukleüs (an atomoù)]] [[ca:Nucli atòmic]] [[cs:Atomové jádro]] [[da:Atomkerne]] [[de:Atomkern]] [[en:Atomic nucleus]] [[eo:Atomkerno]] [[es:Núcleo atómico]] [[et:Aatomituum]] [[fa:هسته اتم]] [[he:גרעין האטום]] [[hu:Atommag]] [[ia:Nucleo atomic]] [[id:Inti atom]] [[is:Frumeindakjarni]] [[it:Nucleo atomico]] [[ja:原子核]] [[ko:원자핵]] [[la:Nucleus atomi]] [[lt:Atomo branduolys]] [[nl:Atoomkern]] [[nn:Atomkjerne]] [[no:Atomkjerne]] [[pl:Jądro atomowe]] [[pt:Núcleo atómico]] [[ru:Атомное ядро]] [[sk:Atómové jadro]] [[sl:Atomsko jedro]] [[sv:Atomkärna]] [[th:นิวเคลียสอะตอม]] [[uk:Ядро (атома)]] [[vi:Hạt nhân]] [[zh:原子核]] 9026 2006-08-02T05:55:48Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: [[fr:Noyau atomique]], [[gd:Niùclas]], [[yi:אטאמישער ניוקליז]] [[Image:Atom.png|right|300px|thumbnail|Atome na [[eliyúmu]] (He). Baproton bizalí [[motáné ngwa]] mpé banetron bizalí [[mái ma mpɔndú]].]] '''Mokókóló''' tǒ '''mokókóli''' ([[kémi]]) ezalí eténi ya [[atome]] na káti na yangó [[proton|baproton]] na [[netron|banetron]] ezalí . Bonɛ́nɛ ya atome na masi na yangó pɛnɛpɛnɛ ezalí nyɔ́nsɔ na káti ya mokókóló. [[Category:Kémi]] [[Category:Atome]] [[ar:نواة ذرة]] [[bg:Атомно ядро]] [[br:Nukleüs (an atomoù)]] [[ca:Nucli atòmic]] [[cs:Atomové jádro]] [[da:Atomkerne]] [[de:Atomkern]] [[en:Atomic nucleus]] [[eo:Atomkerno]] [[es:Núcleo atómico]] [[et:Aatomituum]] [[fa:هسته اتم]] [[fr:Noyau atomique]] [[gd:Niùclas]] [[he:גרעין האטום]] [[hu:Atommag]] [[ia:Nucleo atomic]] [[id:Inti atom]] [[is:Frumeindakjarni]] [[it:Nucleo atomico]] [[ja:原子核]] [[ko:원자핵]] [[la:Nucleus atomi]] [[lt:Atomo branduolys]] [[nl:Atoomkern]] [[nn:Atomkjerne]] [[no:Atomkjerne]] [[pl:Jądro atomowe]] [[pt:Núcleo atómico]] [[ru:Атомное ядро]] [[sk:Atómové jadro]] [[sl:Atomsko jedro]] [[sv:Atomkärna]] [[th:นิวเคลียสอะตอม]] [[uk:Ядро (атома)]] [[vi:Hạt nhân]] [[yi:אטאמישער ניוקליז]] [[zh:原子核]] Proton 2263 8153 2006-05-19T21:35:33Z 83.10.27.199 Proton éteni ya [[atome]] ézali na kati ya [[mokɔkɔli]]. Ezali na mokúmba(charge /sharje/) ya bobakisa(positive "+" ): e = 1,602 189 <small>×</small>10<sup>-19</sup> C ekokani na mokúmba ya eléktron kasi ya molongola(negative "-". Masi na yango (bozito*) ézali m<sub>p</sub> = 1,672 65 <small>×10</small><sup>-27</sup> kg. 8154 2006-05-19T21:48:06Z 83.10.27.199 Proton éteni ya [[atome]] ézali na kati ya [[mokɔkɔli]]. Ezali na mokúmba(charge /sharje/) ya bobakisa(positive "+" ): e = 1,602 189 <small>×</small>10<sup>-19</sup> C ekokani na mokúmba ya eléktron kasi ya molongola(negative "-"). Masi na yango (bozito*, kilo**) ézali m<sub>p</sub> = 1,672 65 <small>×10</small><sup>-27</sup> kg. <br><br><br><smal>*bozito: elakisi "poids" kasi fizika elobi te "poids" na "masse" ezali eloko moko te!!!</small><br> **kilo: ezali moyoko(unité) te kasi lingala ekomisa yango moyako lokola "gramme" oyo esengeli kozala.</small> 8155 2006-05-19T21:49:20Z 83.10.27.199 Proton éteni ya [[atome]] ézali na kati ya [[mokɔkɔli]]. Ezali na mokúmba(charge /sharje/) ya bobakisa(positive "+" ): e = 1,602 189 <small>×</small>10<sup>-19</sup> C ekokani na mokúmba ya eléktron kasi ya molongola(negative "-"). Masi na yango (bozito*, kilo**) ézali m<sub>p</sub> = 1,672 65 <small>×10</small><sup>-27</sup> kg. <br><br><br><small>*bozito: elakisi "poids" kasi fizika elobi te "poids" na "masse" ezali eloko moko te!!!</small><br><small> **kilo: ezali moyoko(unité) te kasi lingala ekomisa yango moyoko lokola "gramme" oyo esengeli kozala.</small> 8177 2006-05-22T12:23:40Z Bombo 12 interwiki Cat Proton éteni ya [[atome]] ézali na kati ya [[mokɔkɔli]]. Ezali na mokúmba(charge /sharje/) ya bobakisa(positive "+" ): e = 1,602 189 <small>×</small>10<sup>-19</sup> C ekokani na mokúmba ya eléktron kasi ya molongola(negative "-"). Masi na yango (bozito*, kilo**) ézali m<sub>p</sub> = 1,672 65 <small>×10</small><sup>-27</sup> kg. <br><br><br><small>*bozito: elakisi "poids" kasi fizika elobi te "poids" na "masse" ezali eloko moko te!!!</small><br><small> **kilo: ezali moyoko(unité) te kasi lingala ekomisa yango moyoko lokola "gramme" oyo esengeli kozala.</small> ==Tála mpé== [[Atome]] [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Proton]] [[ar:بروتون]] [[bg:Протон]] [[br:Proton]] [[bs:Proton]] [[ca:Protó]] [[cs:Proton]] [[da:Proton]] [[de:Proton]] [[el:Πρωτόνιο]] [[en:Proton]] [[eo:Protono]] [[es:Protón]] [[fa:پروتون]] [[fi:Protoni]] [[fr:Proton]] [[ga:Prótón]] [[gl:Protón]] [[he:פרוטון]] [[hr:Proton]] [[hu:Proton]] [[ia:Proton]] [[id:Proton]] [[io:Protono]] [[is:Róteind]] [[it:Protone]] [[ja:陽子]] [[ko:양성자]] [[la:Proton]] [[lt:Protonas]] [[lv:Protons]] [[mk:Протон]] [[ms:Proton]] [[nds:Proton]] [[nl:Proton (deeltje)]] [[nn:Proton]] [[no:Proton]] [[pl:Proton]] [[pt:Próton]] [[ro:Proton]] [[ru:Протон]] [[scn:Prutoni]] [[sh:Proton]] [[simple:Proton]] [[sk:Protón]] [[sl:Proton]] [[sr:Протон]] [[su:Proton]] [[sv:Proton]] [[ta:புரோத்தன்]] [[th:โปรตอน]] [[tr:Proton]] [[uk:Протон]] [[vi:Proton]] [[zh:質子]] 8200 2006-05-22T15:01:17Z Moyogo 11 Proton eténi ya [[atome]] ezalí na káti ya [[Mokókóló ya atome|mokókóló]]. Ezalí na [[mokúmba]] (''charge'') ya bobakisa (positive "+" ): e = 1,602 189 <small>×</small>10<sup>-19</sup> C ekokani na mokúmba ya eléktron kasi ya molongola (negative "-"). Masi na yangó ([[libotá]]*) ezalí m<sub>p</sub> = 1,672 65 <small>×10</small><sup>-27</sup> kg. <br><br><br><small>*bozito: elakisi ''poids'' kasi [[fízíkí]] elobí ’te ''poids'' na ''masse'' ezalí elɔ́kɔ mɔ̌kɔ́ tɛ́ !!!</small><br><small> **kilo: ezalí moyoko (unité) ’te kasi lingála ekomisa yangó moyoko lokóla ''gramme'' óyo esengeli kozala.</small> ==Tála mpé== [[Atome]] [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Proton]] [[ar:بروتون]] [[bg:Протон]] [[br:Proton]] [[bs:Proton]] [[ca:Protó]] [[cs:Proton]] [[da:Proton]] [[de:Proton]] [[el:Πρωτόνιο]] [[en:Proton]] [[eo:Protono]] [[es:Protón]] [[fa:پروتون]] [[fi:Protoni]] [[fr:Proton]] [[ga:Prótón]] [[gl:Protón]] [[he:פרוטון]] [[hr:Proton]] [[hu:Proton]] [[ia:Proton]] [[id:Proton]] [[io:Protono]] [[is:Róteind]] [[it:Protone]] [[ja:陽子]] [[ko:양성자]] [[la:Proton]] [[lt:Protonas]] [[lv:Protons]] [[mk:Протон]] [[ms:Proton]] [[nds:Proton]] [[nl:Proton (deeltje)]] [[nn:Proton]] [[no:Proton]] [[pl:Proton]] [[pt:Próton]] [[ro:Proton]] [[ru:Протон]] [[scn:Prutoni]] [[sh:Proton]] [[simple:Proton]] [[sk:Protón]] [[sl:Proton]] [[sr:Протон]] [[su:Proton]] [[sv:Proton]] [[ta:புரோத்தன்]] [[th:โปรตอน]] [[tr:Proton]] [[uk:Протон]] [[vi:Proton]] [[zh:質子]] 8205 2006-05-23T10:20:58Z Bombo 12 Proton > '''Proton''' '''Proton''' eténi ya [[atome]] ezalí na káti ya [[Mokókóló ya atome|mokókóló]]. Ezalí na [[mokúmba]] (''charge'') ya bobakisa (positive "+" ): e = 1,602 189 <small>×</small>10<sup>-19</sup> C ekokani na mokúmba ya eléktron kasi ya molongola (negative "-"). Masi na yangó ([[libotá]]*) ezalí m<sub>p</sub> = 1,672 65 <small>×10</small><sup>-27</sup> kg. <br><br><br><small>*bozito: elakisi ''poids'' kasi [[fízíkí]] elobí ’te ''poids'' na ''masse'' ezalí elɔ́kɔ mɔ̌kɔ́ tɛ́ !!!</small><br><small> **kilo: ezalí moyoko (unité) ’te kasi lingála ekomisa yangó moyoko lokóla ''gramme'' óyo esengeli kozala.</small> ==Tála mpé== [[Atome]] [[Category:Kémi]] [[Category:Atome]] [[af:Proton]] [[ar:بروتون]] [[bg:Протон]] [[br:Proton]] [[bs:Proton]] [[ca:Protó]] [[cs:Proton]] [[da:Proton]] [[de:Proton]] [[el:Πρωτόνιο]] [[en:Proton]] [[eo:Protono]] [[es:Protón]] [[fa:پروتون]] [[fi:Protoni]] [[fr:Proton]] [[ga:Prótón]] [[gl:Protón]] [[he:פרוטון]] [[hr:Proton]] [[hu:Proton]] [[ia:Proton]] [[id:Proton]] [[io:Protono]] [[is:Róteind]] [[it:Protone]] [[ja:陽子]] [[ko:양성자]] [[la:Proton]] [[lt:Protonas]] [[lv:Protons]] [[mk:Протон]] [[ms:Proton]] [[nds:Proton]] [[nl:Proton (deeltje)]] [[nn:Proton]] [[no:Proton]] [[pl:Proton]] [[pt:Próton]] [[ro:Proton]] [[ru:Протон]] [[scn:Prutoni]] [[sh:Proton]] [[simple:Proton]] [[sk:Protón]] [[sl:Proton]] [[sr:Протон]] [[su:Proton]] [[sv:Proton]] [[ta:புரோத்தன்]] [[th:โปรตอน]] [[tr:Proton]] [[uk:Протон]] [[vi:Proton]] [[zh:質子]] 9060 2006-08-02T06:35:38Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: [[be:Пратон]], [[eu:Protoi]], [[zh-min-nan:Iông-chú]] '''Proton''' eténi ya [[atome]] ezalí na káti ya [[Mokókóló ya atome|mokókóló]]. Ezalí na [[mokúmba]] (''charge'') ya bobakisa (positive "+" ): e = 1,602 189 <small>×</small>10<sup>-19</sup> C ekokani na mokúmba ya eléktron kasi ya molongola (negative "-"). Masi na yangó ([[libotá]]*) ezalí m<sub>p</sub> = 1,672 65 <small>×10</small><sup>-27</sup> kg. <br><br><br><small>*bozito: elakisi ''poids'' kasi [[fízíkí]] elobí ’te ''poids'' na ''masse'' ezalí elɔ́kɔ mɔ̌kɔ́ tɛ́ !!!</small><br><small> **kilo: ezalí moyoko (unité) ’te kasi lingála ekomisa yangó moyoko lokóla ''gramme'' óyo esengeli kozala.</small> ==Tála mpé== [[Atome]] [[Category:Kémi]] [[Category:Atome]] [[af:Proton]] [[ar:بروتون]] [[be:Пратон]] [[bg:Протон]] [[br:Proton]] [[bs:Proton]] [[ca:Protó]] [[cs:Proton]] [[da:Proton]] [[de:Proton]] [[el:Πρωτόνιο]] [[en:Proton]] [[eo:Protono]] [[es:Protón]] [[eu:Protoi]] [[fa:پروتون]] [[fi:Protoni]] [[fr:Proton]] [[ga:Prótón]] [[gl:Protón]] [[he:פרוטון]] [[hr:Proton]] [[hu:Proton]] [[ia:Proton]] [[id:Proton]] [[io:Protono]] [[is:Róteind]] [[it:Protone]] [[ja:陽子]] [[ko:양성자]] [[la:Proton]] [[lt:Protonas]] [[lv:Protons]] [[mk:Протон]] [[ms:Proton]] [[nds:Proton]] [[nl:Proton (deeltje)]] [[nn:Proton]] [[no:Proton]] [[pl:Proton]] [[pt:Próton]] [[ro:Proton]] [[ru:Протон]] [[scn:Prutoni]] [[sh:Proton]] [[simple:Proton]] [[sk:Protón]] [[sl:Proton]] [[sr:Протон]] [[su:Proton]] [[sv:Proton]] [[ta:புரோத்தன்]] [[th:โปรตอน]] [[tr:Proton]] [[uk:Протон]] [[vi:Proton]] [[zh:質子]] [[zh-min-nan:Iông-chú]] 10025 2006-12-21T02:36:49Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[ksh:Proton]], [[lmo:Prutún]], [[sq:Protoni]] '''Proton''' eténi ya [[atome]] ezalí na káti ya [[Mokókóló ya atome|mokókóló]]. Ezalí na [[mokúmba]] (''charge'') ya bobakisa (positive "+" ): e = 1,602 189 <small>×</small>10<sup>-19</sup> C ekokani na mokúmba ya eléktron kasi ya molongola (negative "-"). Masi na yangó ([[libotá]]*) ezalí m<sub>p</sub> = 1,672 65 <small>×10</small><sup>-27</sup> kg. <br><br><br><small>*bozito: elakisi ''poids'' kasi [[fízíkí]] elobí ’te ''poids'' na ''masse'' ezalí elɔ́kɔ mɔ̌kɔ́ tɛ́ !!!</small><br><small> **kilo: ezalí moyoko (unité) ’te kasi lingála ekomisa yangó moyoko lokóla ''gramme'' óyo esengeli kozala.</small> ==Tála mpé== [[Atome]] [[Category:Kémi]] [[Category:Atome]] [[af:Proton]] [[ar:بروتون]] [[be:Пратон]] [[bg:Протон]] [[br:Proton]] [[bs:Proton]] [[ca:Protó]] [[cs:Proton]] [[da:Proton]] [[de:Proton]] [[el:Πρωτόνιο]] [[en:Proton]] [[eo:Protono]] [[es:Protón]] [[eu:Protoi]] [[fa:پروتون]] [[fi:Protoni]] [[fr:Proton]] [[ga:Prótón]] [[gl:Protón]] [[he:פרוטון]] [[hr:Proton]] [[hu:Proton]] [[ia:Proton]] [[id:Proton]] [[io:Protono]] [[is:Róteind]] [[it:Protone]] [[ja:陽子]] [[ko:양성자]] [[ksh:Proton]] [[la:Proton]] [[lmo:Prutún]] [[lt:Protonas]] [[lv:Protons]] [[mk:Протон]] [[ms:Proton]] [[nds:Proton]] [[nl:Proton (deeltje)]] [[nn:Proton]] [[no:Proton]] [[pl:Proton]] [[pt:Próton]] [[ro:Proton]] [[ru:Протон]] [[scn:Prutoni]] [[sh:Proton]] [[simple:Proton]] [[sk:Protón]] [[sl:Proton]] [[sq:Protoni]] [[sr:Протон]] [[su:Proton]] [[sv:Proton]] [[ta:புரோத்தன்]] [[th:โปรตอน]] [[tr:Proton]] [[uk:Протон]] [[vi:Proton]] [[zh:質子]] [[zh-min-nan:Iông-chú]] Netron 2264 8156 2006-05-19T21:57:11Z 83.10.27.199 Netron ézali etani ya [[atome]] óyo yango na [[proton]] evandi o kati ja [[mokɔkɔli]]. Ezali na mokúmba te. Masi na yango ezali: m<sub>n</sub> = 1,674 95 <small>×</small>10<sup>-27</sup> kg. 8178 2006-05-22T12:26:18Z Bombo 12 cat interwiki '''Netron''' ézali etani ya [[atome]] óyo yango na [[proton]] evandi o kati ja [[mokɔkɔli]]. Ezali na mokúmba te. Masi na yango ezali: m<sub>n</sub> = 1,674 95 <small>×</small>10<sup>-27</sup> kg. [[Category:Atome]] [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Neutron]] [[ar:نيوترون]] [[bg:Неутрон]] [[br:Neutron]] [[bs:Neutron]] [[bug:Neutron]] [[ca:Neutró]] [[cs:Neutron]] [[de:Neutron]] [[el:Νετρόνιο]] [[en:Neutron]] [[eo:Neŭtrono]] [[es:Neutrón]] [[fi:Neutroni]] [[gl:Neutrón]] [[he:נייטרון]] [[hr:Neutron]] [[hu:Neutron]] [[id:Neutron]] [[io:Neutrono]] [[is:Nifteind]] [[it:Neutrone]] [[ja:中性子]] [[ko:중성자]] [[la:Neutron]] [[lt:Neutronas]] [[lv:Neitrons]] [[mk:Неутрон]] [[nds:Neutron]] [[nl:Neutron]] [[nn:Nøytron]] [[no:Nøytron]] [[pl:Neutron]] [[pt:Nêutron]] [[ro:Neutron]] [[ru:Нейтрон]] [[sh:Neutron]] [[simple:Neutron]] [[sk:Neutrón]] [[sl:Nevtron]] [[sr:Неутрон]] [[sv:Neutron]] [[th:นิวตรอน]] [[uk:Нейтрон]] [[zh:中子]] 8203 2006-05-22T15:04:49Z Moyogo 11 '''Netron''' ezalí eténi ya [[atome]] óyo yangó na [[proton]] evandí o káti ya [[Mokókóló ya atome|mokókóló]]. Ezalí na [[mokúmba]] tɛ́. Masi na yangó ezalí : m<sub>n</sub> = 1,674 95 <small>×</small>10<sup>-27</sup> kg. [[Category:Atome]] [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Neutron]] [[ar:نيوترون]] [[bg:Неутрон]] [[br:Neutron]] [[bs:Neutron]] [[bug:Neutron]] [[ca:Neutró]] [[cs:Neutron]] [[de:Neutron]] [[el:Νετρόνιο]] [[en:Neutron]] [[eo:Neŭtrono]] [[es:Neutrón]] [[fi:Neutroni]] [[gl:Neutrón]] [[he:נייטרון]] [[hr:Neutron]] [[hu:Neutron]] [[id:Neutron]] [[io:Neutrono]] [[is:Nifteind]] [[it:Neutrone]] [[ja:中性子]] [[ko:중성자]] [[la:Neutron]] [[lt:Neutronas]] [[lv:Neitrons]] [[mk:Неутрон]] [[nds:Neutron]] [[nl:Neutron]] [[nn:Nøytron]] [[no:Nøytron]] [[pl:Neutron]] [[pt:Nêutron]] [[ro:Neutron]] [[ru:Нейтрон]] [[sh:Neutron]] [[simple:Neutron]] [[sk:Neutrón]] [[sl:Nevtron]] [[sr:Неутрон]] [[sv:Neutron]] [[th:นิวตรอน]] [[uk:Нейтрон]] [[zh:中子]] 8206 2006-05-23T10:24:25Z Bombo 12 img [[Image:Quark structure neutron.svg|thumb|250px|<!--TO TRANSLATE: Diagram showing the constituent quarks of a neutron-->]] '''Netron''' ezalí eténi ya [[atome]] óyo yangó na [[proton]] evandí o káti ya [[Mokókóló ya atome|mokókóló]]. Ezalí na [[mokúmba]] tɛ́. Masi na yangó ezalí : m<sub>n</sub> = 1,674 95 <small>×</small>10<sup>-27</sup> kg. [[Category:Atome]] [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Neutron]] [[ar:نيوترون]] [[bg:Неутрон]] [[br:Neutron]] [[bs:Neutron]] [[bug:Neutron]] [[ca:Neutró]] [[cs:Neutron]] [[de:Neutron]] [[el:Νετρόνιο]] [[en:Neutron]] [[eo:Neŭtrono]] [[es:Neutrón]] [[fi:Neutroni]] [[gl:Neutrón]] [[he:נייטרון]] [[hr:Neutron]] [[hu:Neutron]] [[id:Neutron]] [[io:Neutrono]] [[is:Nifteind]] [[it:Neutrone]] [[ja:中性子]] [[ko:중성자]] [[la:Neutron]] [[lt:Neutronas]] [[lv:Neitrons]] [[mk:Неутрон]] [[nds:Neutron]] [[nl:Neutron]] [[nn:Nøytron]] [[no:Nøytron]] [[pl:Neutron]] [[pt:Nêutron]] [[ro:Neutron]] [[ru:Нейтрон]] [[sh:Neutron]] [[simple:Neutron]] [[sk:Neutrón]] [[sl:Nevtron]] [[sr:Неутрон]] [[sv:Neutron]] [[th:นิวตรอน]] [[uk:Нейтрон]] [[zh:中子]] 9918 2006-12-02T13:10:52Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: da, eu, fr, ksh, lmo, vi, zh-yue [[Image:Quark structure neutron.svg|thumb|250px|<!--TO TRANSLATE: Diagram showing the constituent quarks of a neutron-->]] '''Netron''' ezalí eténi ya [[atome]] óyo yangó na [[proton]] evandí o káti ya [[Mokókóló ya atome|mokókóló]]. Ezalí na [[mokúmba]] tɛ́. Masi na yangó ezalí : m<sub>n</sub> = 1,674 95 <small>×</small>10<sup>-27</sup> kg. [[Category:Atome]] [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Neutron]] [[ar:نيوترون]] [[bg:Неутрон]] [[br:Neutron]] [[bs:Neutron]] [[bug:Neutron]] [[ca:Neutró]] [[cs:Neutron]] [[da:Neutron]] [[de:Neutron]] [[el:Νετρόνιο]] [[en:Neutron]] [[eo:Neŭtrono]] [[es:Neutrón]] [[eu:Neutroi]] [[fi:Neutroni]] [[fr:Neutron]] [[gl:Neutrón]] [[he:נייטרון]] [[hr:Neutron]] [[hu:Neutron]] [[id:Neutron]] [[io:Neutrono]] [[is:Nifteind]] [[it:Neutrone]] [[ja:中性子]] [[ko:중성자]] [[ksh:Neutron]] [[la:Neutron]] [[lmo:Neütrún]] [[lt:Neutronas]] [[lv:Neitrons]] [[mk:Неутрон]] [[nds:Neutron]] [[nl:Neutron]] [[nn:Nøytron]] [[no:Nøytron]] [[pl:Neutron]] [[pt:Nêutron]] [[ro:Neutron]] [[ru:Нейтрон]] [[sh:Neutron]] [[simple:Neutron]] [[sk:Neutrón]] [[sl:Nevtron]] [[sr:Неутрон]] [[sv:Neutron]] [[th:นิวตรอน]] [[uk:Нейтрон]] [[vi:Neutron]] [[zh:中子]] [[zh-yue:中子]] 10001 2006-12-19T12:03:13Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[ast:Neutrón]] [[Image:Quark structure neutron.svg|thumb|250px|<!--TO TRANSLATE: Diagram showing the constituent quarks of a neutron-->]] '''Netron''' ezalí eténi ya [[atome]] óyo yangó na [[proton]] evandí o káti ya [[Mokókóló ya atome|mokókóló]]. Ezalí na [[mokúmba]] tɛ́. Masi na yangó ezalí : m<sub>n</sub> = 1,674 95 <small>×</small>10<sup>-27</sup> kg. [[Category:Atome]] [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Neutron]] [[ar:نيوترون]] [[ast:Neutrón]] [[bg:Неутрон]] [[br:Neutron]] [[bs:Neutron]] [[bug:Neutron]] [[ca:Neutró]] [[cs:Neutron]] [[da:Neutron]] [[de:Neutron]] [[el:Νετρόνιο]] [[en:Neutron]] [[eo:Neŭtrono]] [[es:Neutrón]] [[eu:Neutroi]] [[fi:Neutroni]] [[fr:Neutron]] [[gl:Neutrón]] [[he:נייטרון]] [[hr:Neutron]] [[hu:Neutron]] [[id:Neutron]] [[io:Neutrono]] [[is:Nifteind]] [[it:Neutrone]] [[ja:中性子]] [[ko:중성자]] [[ksh:Neutron]] [[la:Neutron]] [[lmo:Neütrún]] [[lt:Neutronas]] [[lv:Neitrons]] [[mk:Неутрон]] [[nds:Neutron]] [[nl:Neutron]] [[nn:Nøytron]] [[no:Nøytron]] [[pl:Neutron]] [[pt:Nêutron]] [[ro:Neutron]] [[ru:Нейтрон]] [[sh:Neutron]] [[simple:Neutron]] [[sk:Neutrón]] [[sl:Nevtron]] [[sr:Неутрон]] [[sv:Neutron]] [[th:นิวตรอน]] [[uk:Нейтрон]] [[vi:Neutron]] [[zh:中子]] [[zh-yue:中子]] Eléktron 2265 8157 2006-05-19T22:16:13Z 83.10.9.76 Eléktron ezali eténi ya atome óyo ezali nalibándá. Ezali kobaluka nalibanda ya [[mokɔkɔli]]. <br>Elektron ezali na mokúmba ya molongola (negative "-") e = -1,602 189 <small>×</small>10<sup>-19</sup> C . Masi na yango ezali m<sub>e</sub> = 9,109 53 <small>×</small>10<sup>-31</sup> kg. Mokúmba na yango ezali ndege moko na óyo ya [[proton]] kasi elembo ekeseni. 8181 2006-05-22T12:35:06Z Bombo 12 cat, interwiki '''Eléktron''' ezali eténi ya [[atome]] óyo ezali nalibándá. Ezali kobaluka nalibanda ya [[mokɔkɔli]]. <br>Elektron ezali na mokúmba ya molongola (negative "-") e = -1,602 189 <small>×</small>10<sup>-19</sup> C . Masi na yango ezali m<sub>e</sub> = 9,109 53 <small>×</small>10<sup>-31</sup> kg. Mokúmba na yango ezali ndege moko na óyo ya [[proton]] kasi elembo ekeseni. [[Category:Atome]] [[af:Elektron]] [[ar:إلكترون]] [[ast:Electrón]] [[bg:Електрон]] [[br:Elektron]] [[bs:Elektron]] [[bug:Elektron]] [[ca:Electró]] [[cs:Elektron]] [[da:Elektron]] [[el:Ηλεκτρόνιο]] [[en:Electron]] [[eo:Elektrono]] [[es:Electrón]] [[et:Elektron]] [[fa:الکترون]] [[fi:Elektroni]] [[fr:Électron]] [[ga:Leictreon]] [[gl:Electrón]] [[he:אלקטרון]] [[hr:Elektron]] [[hu:Elektron]] [[ia:Electron]] [[id:Elektron]] [[io:Elektrono]] [[is:Rafeind]] [[it:Elettrone]] [[ja:電子]] [[ko:전자]] [[la:Electron]] [[lt:Elektronas]] [[lv:Elektrons]] [[mk:Електрон]] [[nds:Elektron]] [[nl:Elektron]] [[nn:Elektron]] [[no:Elektron]] [[pl:Elektron]] [[pt:Elétron]] [[ro:Electron]] [[ru:Электрон]] [[simple:Electron]] [[sk:Elektrón]] [[sl:Elektron]] [[sr:Електрон]] [[su:Éléktron]] [[sv:Elektron]] [[th:อิเล็กตรอน]] [[tr:Elektron]] [[vi:Điện tử]] [[zh:电子]] 8201 2006-05-22T15:02:01Z Moyogo 11 '''Eléktron''' ezalí eténi ya [[atome]] óyo ezali na libándá. Ezalí kobaluka na libanda ya [[mokɔkɔli]]. <br>Eléktron ezalí na mokúmba ya molongola (negative "-") e = -1,602 189 <small>×</small>10<sup>-19</sup> C . Masi na yango ezali m<sub>e</sub> = 9,109 53 <small>×</small>10<sup>-31</sup> kg. Mokúmba na yangó ezalí ndénge mɔ̌kɔ́ na óyo ya [[proton]] kasi elembo ekɛ́sɛ́ní. [[Category:Atome]] [[af:Elektron]] [[ar:إلكترون]] [[ast:Electrón]] [[bg:Електрон]] [[br:Elektron]] [[bs:Elektron]] [[bug:Elektron]] [[ca:Electró]] [[cs:Elektron]] [[da:Elektron]] [[el:Ηλεκτρόνιο]] [[en:Electron]] [[eo:Elektrono]] [[es:Electrón]] [[et:Elektron]] [[fa:الکترون]] [[fi:Elektroni]] [[fr:Électron]] [[ga:Leictreon]] [[gl:Electrón]] [[he:אלקטרון]] [[hr:Elektron]] [[hu:Elektron]] [[ia:Electron]] [[id:Elektron]] [[io:Elektrono]] [[is:Rafeind]] [[it:Elettrone]] [[ja:電子]] [[ko:전자]] [[la:Electron]] [[lt:Elektronas]] [[lv:Elektrons]] [[mk:Електрон]] [[nds:Elektron]] [[nl:Elektron]] [[nn:Elektron]] [[no:Elektron]] [[pl:Elektron]] [[pt:Elétron]] [[ro:Electron]] [[ru:Электрон]] [[simple:Electron]] [[sk:Elektrón]] [[sl:Elektron]] [[sr:Електрон]] [[su:Éléktron]] [[sv:Elektron]] [[th:อิเล็กตรอน]] [[tr:Elektron]] [[vi:Điện tử]] [[zh:电子]] 8202 2006-05-22T15:04:11Z Moyogo 11 '''Eléktron''' ezalí eténi ya [[atome]] óyo ezali na libándá. Ezalí kobaluka na libanda ya [[Mokókóló ya atome|mokókóló]]. <br>Eléktron ezalí na mokúmba ya molongola (negative "-") e = -1,602 189 <small>×</small>10<sup>-19</sup> C . Masi na yangó ezalí m<sub>e</sub> = 9,109 53 <small>×</small>10<sup>-31</sup> kg. Mokúmba na yangó ezalí ndéngé mɔ̌kɔ́ na óyo ya [[proton]] kasi elembo ekɛ́sɛ́ní. [[Category:Atome]] [[af:Elektron]] [[ar:إلكترون]] [[ast:Electrón]] [[bg:Електрон]] [[br:Elektron]] [[bs:Elektron]] [[bug:Elektron]] [[ca:Electró]] [[cs:Elektron]] [[da:Elektron]] [[el:Ηλεκτρόνιο]] [[en:Electron]] [[eo:Elektrono]] [[es:Electrón]] [[et:Elektron]] [[fa:الکترون]] [[fi:Elektroni]] [[fr:Électron]] [[ga:Leictreon]] [[gl:Electrón]] [[he:אלקטרון]] [[hr:Elektron]] [[hu:Elektron]] [[ia:Electron]] [[id:Elektron]] [[io:Elektrono]] [[is:Rafeind]] [[it:Elettrone]] [[ja:電子]] [[ko:전자]] [[la:Electron]] [[lt:Elektronas]] [[lv:Elektrons]] [[mk:Електрон]] [[nds:Elektron]] [[nl:Elektron]] [[nn:Elektron]] [[no:Elektron]] [[pl:Elektron]] [[pt:Elétron]] [[ro:Electron]] [[ru:Электрон]] [[simple:Electron]] [[sk:Elektrón]] [[sl:Elektron]] [[sr:Електрон]] [[su:Éléktron]] [[sv:Elektron]] [[th:อิเล็กตรอน]] [[tr:Elektron]] [[vi:Điện tử]] [[zh:电子]] 8207 2006-05-23T10:53:11Z Bombo 12 img [[Image:HAtomOrbitals.png|right|thumb|280px|<small><!--TO TRANSLATE:The first few hydrogen [[atom]] electron orbitals shown as cross-sections with color-coded probability density--></small>]] '''Eléktron''' ezalí eténi ya [[atome]] óyo ezali na libándá. Ezalí kobaluka na libanda ya [[Mokókóló ya atome|mokókóló]]. <br>Eléktron ezalí na mokúmba ya molongola (negative "-") e = -1,602 189 <small>×</small>10<sup>-19</sup> C . Masi na yangó ezalí m<sub>e</sub> = 9,109 53 <small>×</small>10<sup>-31</sup> kg. Mokúmba na yangó ezalí ndéngé mɔ̌kɔ́ na óyo ya [[proton]] kasi elembo ekɛ́sɛ́ní. [[Category:Atome]] [[af:Elektron]] [[ar:إلكترون]] [[ast:Electrón]] [[bg:Електрон]] [[br:Elektron]] [[bs:Elektron]] [[bug:Elektron]] [[ca:Electró]] [[cs:Elektron]] [[da:Elektron]] [[el:Ηλεκτρόνιο]] [[en:Electron]] [[eo:Elektrono]] [[es:Electrón]] [[et:Elektron]] [[fa:الکترون]] [[fi:Elektroni]] [[fr:Électron]] [[ga:Leictreon]] [[gl:Electrón]] [[he:אלקטרון]] [[hr:Elektron]] [[hu:Elektron]] [[ia:Electron]] [[id:Elektron]] [[io:Elektrono]] [[is:Rafeind]] [[it:Elettrone]] [[ja:電子]] [[ko:전자]] [[la:Electron]] [[lt:Elektronas]] [[lv:Elektrons]] [[mk:Електрон]] [[nds:Elektron]] [[nl:Elektron]] [[nn:Elektron]] [[no:Elektron]] [[pl:Elektron]] [[pt:Elétron]] [[ro:Electron]] [[ru:Электрон]] [[simple:Electron]] [[sk:Elektrón]] [[sl:Elektron]] [[sr:Електрон]] [[su:Éléktron]] [[sv:Elektron]] [[th:อิเล็กตรอน]] [[tr:Elektron]] [[vi:Điện tử]] [[zh:电子]] 9008 2006-08-02T05:46:28Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: de, eu, ka, scn, ta, zh-min-nan, zh-yue [[Image:HAtomOrbitals.png|right|thumb|280px|<small><!--TO TRANSLATE:The first few hydrogen [[atom]] electron orbitals shown as cross-sections with color-coded probability density--></small>]] '''Eléktron''' ezalí eténi ya [[atome]] óyo ezali na libándá. Ezalí kobaluka na libanda ya [[Mokókóló ya atome|mokókóló]]. <br>Eléktron ezalí na mokúmba ya molongola (negative "-") e = -1,602 189 <small>×</small>10<sup>-19</sup> C . Masi na yangó ezalí m<sub>e</sub> = 9,109 53 <small>×</small>10<sup>-31</sup> kg. Mokúmba na yangó ezalí ndéngé mɔ̌kɔ́ na óyo ya [[proton]] kasi elembo ekɛ́sɛ́ní. [[Category:Atome]] [[af:Elektron]] [[ar:إلكترون]] [[ast:Electrón]] [[bg:Електрон]] [[br:Elektron]] [[bs:Elektron]] [[bug:Elektron]] [[ca:Electró]] [[cs:Elektron]] [[da:Elektron]] [[de:Elektron]] [[el:Ηλεκτρόνιο]] [[en:Electron]] [[eo:Elektrono]] [[es:Electrón]] [[et:Elektron]] [[eu:Elektroi]] [[fa:الکترون]] [[fi:Elektroni]] [[fr:Électron]] [[ga:Leictreon]] [[gl:Electrón]] [[he:אלקטרון]] [[hr:Elektron]] [[hu:Elektron]] [[ia:Electron]] [[id:Elektron]] [[io:Elektrono]] [[is:Rafeind]] [[it:Elettrone]] [[ja:電子]] [[ka:ელექტრონი]] [[ko:전자]] [[la:Electron]] [[lt:Elektronas]] [[lv:Elektrons]] [[mk:Електрон]] [[nds:Elektron]] [[nl:Elektron]] [[nn:Elektron]] [[no:Elektron]] [[pl:Elektron]] [[pt:Elétron]] [[ro:Electron]] [[ru:Электрон]] [[scn:Elettroni]] [[simple:Electron]] [[sk:Elektrón]] [[sl:Elektron]] [[sr:Електрон]] [[su:Éléktron]] [[sv:Elektron]] [[ta:எதிர்மின்னி]] [[th:อิเล็กตรอน]] [[tr:Elektron]] [[vi:Điện tử]] [[zh:电子]] [[zh-min-nan:Tiān-chú]] [[zh-yue:電子]] 9357 2006-09-17T05:07:38Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: uz [[Image:HAtomOrbitals.png|right|thumb|280px|<small><!--TO TRANSLATE:The first few hydrogen [[atom]] electron orbitals shown as cross-sections with color-coded probability density--></small>]] '''Eléktron''' ezalí eténi ya [[atome]] óyo ezali na libándá. Ezalí kobaluka na libanda ya [[Mokókóló ya atome|mokókóló]]. <br>Eléktron ezalí na mokúmba ya molongola (negative "-") e = -1,602 189 <small>×</small>10<sup>-19</sup> C . Masi na yangó ezalí m<sub>e</sub> = 9,109 53 <small>×</small>10<sup>-31</sup> kg. Mokúmba na yangó ezalí ndéngé mɔ̌kɔ́ na óyo ya [[proton]] kasi elembo ekɛ́sɛ́ní. [[Category:Atome]] [[af:Elektron]] [[ar:إلكترون]] [[ast:Electrón]] [[bg:Електрон]] [[br:Elektron]] [[bs:Elektron]] [[bug:Elektron]] [[ca:Electró]] [[cs:Elektron]] [[da:Elektron]] [[de:Elektron]] [[el:Ηλεκτρόνιο]] [[en:Electron]] [[eo:Elektrono]] [[es:Electrón]] [[et:Elektron]] [[eu:Elektroi]] [[fa:الکترون]] [[fi:Elektroni]] [[fr:Électron]] [[ga:Leictreon]] [[gl:Electrón]] [[he:אלקטרון]] [[hr:Elektron]] [[hu:Elektron]] [[ia:Electron]] [[id:Elektron]] [[io:Elektrono]] [[is:Rafeind]] [[it:Elettrone]] [[ja:電子]] [[ka:ელექტრონი]] [[ko:전자]] [[la:Electron]] [[lt:Elektronas]] [[lv:Elektrons]] [[mk:Електрон]] [[nds:Elektron]] [[nl:Elektron]] [[nn:Elektron]] [[no:Elektron]] [[pl:Elektron]] [[pt:Elétron]] [[ro:Electron]] [[ru:Электрон]] [[scn:Elettroni]] [[simple:Electron]] [[sk:Elektrón]] [[sl:Elektron]] [[sr:Електрон]] [[su:Éléktron]] [[sv:Elektron]] [[ta:எதிர்மின்னி]] [[th:อิเล็กตรอน]] [[tr:Elektron]] [[uz:Elektron]] [[vi:Điện tử]] [[zh:电子]] [[zh-min-nan:Tiān-chú]] [[zh-yue:電子]] 9393 2006-09-29T23:55:33Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: lmo [[Image:HAtomOrbitals.png|right|thumb|280px|<small><!--TO TRANSLATE:The first few hydrogen [[atom]] electron orbitals shown as cross-sections with color-coded probability density--></small>]] '''Eléktron''' ezalí eténi ya [[atome]] óyo ezali na libándá. Ezalí kobaluka na libanda ya [[Mokókóló ya atome|mokókóló]]. <br>Eléktron ezalí na mokúmba ya molongola (negative "-") e = -1,602 189 <small>×</small>10<sup>-19</sup> C . Masi na yangó ezalí m<sub>e</sub> = 9,109 53 <small>×</small>10<sup>-31</sup> kg. Mokúmba na yangó ezalí ndéngé mɔ̌kɔ́ na óyo ya [[proton]] kasi elembo ekɛ́sɛ́ní. [[Category:Atome]] [[af:Elektron]] [[ar:إلكترون]] [[ast:Electrón]] [[bg:Електрон]] [[br:Elektron]] [[bs:Elektron]] [[bug:Elektron]] [[ca:Electró]] [[cs:Elektron]] [[da:Elektron]] [[de:Elektron]] [[el:Ηλεκτρόνιο]] [[en:Electron]] [[eo:Elektrono]] [[es:Electrón]] [[et:Elektron]] [[eu:Elektroi]] [[fa:الکترون]] [[fi:Elektroni]] [[fr:Électron]] [[ga:Leictreon]] [[gl:Electrón]] [[he:אלקטרון]] [[hr:Elektron]] [[hu:Elektron]] [[ia:Electron]] [[id:Elektron]] [[io:Elektrono]] [[is:Rafeind]] [[it:Elettrone]] [[ja:電子]] [[ka:ელექტრონი]] [[ko:전자]] [[la:Electron]] [[lmo:Eletrún]] [[lt:Elektronas]] [[lv:Elektrons]] [[mk:Електрон]] [[nds:Elektron]] [[nl:Elektron]] [[nn:Elektron]] [[no:Elektron]] [[pl:Elektron]] [[pt:Elétron]] [[ro:Electron]] [[ru:Электрон]] [[scn:Elettroni]] [[simple:Electron]] [[sk:Elektrón]] [[sl:Elektron]] [[sr:Електрон]] [[su:Éléktron]] [[sv:Elektron]] [[ta:எதிர்மின்னி]] [[th:อิเล็กตรอน]] [[tr:Elektron]] [[uz:Elektron]] [[vi:Điện tử]] [[zh:电子]] [[zh-min-nan:Tiān-chú]] [[zh-yue:電子]] 9460 2006-10-12T01:11:00Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: [[ksh:Elektron]] [[Image:HAtomOrbitals.png|right|thumb|280px|<small><!--TO TRANSLATE:The first few hydrogen [[atom]] electron orbitals shown as cross-sections with color-coded probability density--></small>]] '''Eléktron''' ezalí eténi ya [[atome]] óyo ezali na libándá. Ezalí kobaluka na libanda ya [[Mokókóló ya atome|mokókóló]]. <br>Eléktron ezalí na mokúmba ya molongola (negative "-") e = -1,602 189 <small>×</small>10<sup>-19</sup> C . Masi na yangó ezalí m<sub>e</sub> = 9,109 53 <small>×</small>10<sup>-31</sup> kg. Mokúmba na yangó ezalí ndéngé mɔ̌kɔ́ na óyo ya [[proton]] kasi elembo ekɛ́sɛ́ní. [[Category:Atome]] [[af:Elektron]] [[ar:إلكترون]] [[ast:Electrón]] [[bg:Електрон]] [[br:Elektron]] [[bs:Elektron]] [[bug:Elektron]] [[ca:Electró]] [[cs:Elektron]] [[da:Elektron]] [[de:Elektron]] [[el:Ηλεκτρόνιο]] [[en:Electron]] [[eo:Elektrono]] [[es:Electrón]] [[et:Elektron]] [[eu:Elektroi]] [[fa:الکترون]] [[fi:Elektroni]] [[fr:Électron]] [[ga:Leictreon]] [[gl:Electrón]] [[he:אלקטרון]] [[hr:Elektron]] [[hu:Elektron]] [[ia:Electron]] [[id:Elektron]] [[io:Elektrono]] [[is:Rafeind]] [[it:Elettrone]] [[ja:電子]] [[ka:ელექტრონი]] [[ko:전자]] [[ksh:Elektron]] [[la:Electron]] [[lmo:Eletrún]] [[lt:Elektronas]] [[lv:Elektrons]] [[mk:Електрон]] [[nds:Elektron]] [[nl:Elektron]] [[nn:Elektron]] [[no:Elektron]] [[pl:Elektron]] [[pt:Elétron]] [[ro:Electron]] [[ru:Электрон]] [[scn:Elettroni]] [[simple:Electron]] [[sk:Elektrón]] [[sl:Elektron]] [[sr:Електрон]] [[su:Éléktron]] [[sv:Elektron]] [[ta:எதிர்மின்னி]] [[th:อิเล็กตรอน]] [[tr:Elektron]] [[uz:Elektron]] [[vi:Điện tử]] [[zh:电子]] [[zh-min-nan:Tiān-chú]] [[zh-yue:電子]] User talk:83.10.9.76 2266 8162 2006-05-20T07:38:59Z 203.109.223.33 ==[[l'Église Véritable de Jésus]]== '''Greetings!''' an you please kindly help me create [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/l'Église_Véritable_de_Jésus this article] - based on the [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9ritable_%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9sus French article] or the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church English article]. 2-6 lines would be sufficient enough and your help would be very gratefully appreciated. Thankyou. (This church was established in the Democratic Republic of the Congo since 2004). Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Joseph]], 07:38 mpɔsɔ / samedi 20 mai 2006 (UTC) 8167 2006-05-20T07:40:48Z 203.109.223.33 /* [[l'Église Véritable de Jésus]] */ ==[[l'Église Véritable de Jésus]]== '''Greetings!''' Can you please kindly help me create [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/l'Église_Véritable_de_Jésus this article] - based on the [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9ritable_%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9sus French article] or the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church English article]. 2-6 lines would be sufficient enough and your help would be very gratefully appreciated. Thankyou. (This church was established in the Democratic Republic of the Congo since 2004). Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Joseph]], 07:38 mpɔsɔ / samedi 20 mai 2006 (UTC) User talk:83.10.27.199 2267 8163 2006-05-20T07:39:11Z 203.109.223.33 ==[[l'Église Véritable de Jésus]]== '''Greetings!''' an you please kindly help me create [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/l'Église_Véritable_de_Jésus this article] - based on the [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9ritable_%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9sus French article] or the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church English article]. 2-6 lines would be sufficient enough and your help would be very gratefully appreciated. Thankyou. (This church was established in the Democratic Republic of the Congo since 2004). Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Joseph]], 07:38 mpɔsɔ / samedi 20 mai 2006 (UTC) 8166 2006-05-20T07:40:19Z 203.109.223.33 ==[[l'Église Véritable de Jésus]]== '''Greetings!''' Can you please kindly help me create [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/l'Église_Véritable_de_Jésus this article] - based on the [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9ritable_%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9sus French article] or the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church English article]. 2-6 lines would be sufficient enough and your help would be very gratefully appreciated. Thankyou. (This church was established in the Democratic Republic of the Congo since 2004). Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Joseph]], 07:38 mpɔsɔ / samedi 20 mai 2006 (UTC) User talk:Ivo3 2268 8164 2006-05-20T07:39:34Z 203.109.223.33 ==[[l'Église Véritable de Jésus]]== '''Greetings Ivo3!''' an you please kindly help me create [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/l'Église_Véritable_de_Jésus this article] - based on the [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9ritable_%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9sus French article] or the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church English article]. 2-6 lines would be sufficient enough and your help would be very gratefully appreciated. Thankyou/Merci. (This church was established in the Democratic Republic of the Congo since 2004). Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Joseph]], 07:38 mpɔsɔ / samedi 20 mai 2006 (UTC) 8165 2006-05-20T07:40:00Z 203.109.223.33 /* [[l'Église Véritable de Jésus]] */ ==[[l'Église Véritable de Jésus]]== '''Greetings Ivo3!''' Can you please kindly help me create [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/l'Église_Véritable_de_Jésus this article] - based on the [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9ritable_%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9sus French article] or the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church English article]. 2-6 lines would be sufficient enough and your help would be very gratefully appreciated. Thankyou/Merci. (This church was established in the Democratic Republic of the Congo since 2004). Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Joseph]], 07:38 mpɔsɔ / samedi 20 mai 2006 (UTC) 8199 2006-05-22T14:53:18Z Moyogo 11 Mbɔ́tɛ na yɔ́ Ivo3 ==[[l'Église Véritable de Jésus]]== '''Greetings Ivo3!''' Can you please kindly help me create [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/l'Église_Véritable_de_Jésus this article] - based on the [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9ritable_%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9sus French article] or the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church English article]. 2-6 lines would be sufficient enough and your help would be very gratefully appreciated. Thankyou/Merci. (This church was established in the Democratic Republic of the Congo since 2004). Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Joseph]], 07:38 mpɔsɔ / samedi 20 mai 2006 (UTC) == Mbɔ́tɛ na yɔ́ Ivo3 == Salut Ivo3. Pour ''masi'' je crois qu'on peut utiliser ''libotá'', c'est ce que le dictionnaire de Kawata Ashem Tem utilise dans les définitions des éléments chimiques, ex. : « Libotá lya motángo mwa izotope : 9. » et il y est définit : : libotá (5/6) mabotá : 1. Libóké. Mopíko. 2. Bokoki o botángi. Lisangá. Motángo mwa kokoka sɔ́kí obakisí, okabolí, olongolí mpé oyíkínyí. [ 1. quantité, masse 2. somme, total arithmétique ] ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 14:53, 22 mai 2006 (UTC) 8225 2006-05-24T08:57:08Z Bombo 12 Accents ==[[l'Église Véritable de Jésus]]== '''Greetings Ivo3!''' Can you please kindly help me create [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/l'Église_Véritable_de_Jésus this article] - based on the [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9ritable_%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9sus French article] or the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church English article]. 2-6 lines would be sufficient enough and your help would be very gratefully appreciated. Thankyou/Merci. (This church was established in the Democratic Republic of the Congo since 2004). Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Joseph]], 07:38 mpɔsɔ / samedi 20 mai 2006 (UTC) == Mbɔ́tɛ na yɔ́ Ivo3 == Salut Ivo3. Pour ''masi'' je crois qu'on peut utiliser ''libotá'', c'est ce que le dictionnaire de Kawata Ashem Tem utilise dans les définitions des éléments chimiques, ex. : « Libotá lya motángo mwa izotope : 9. » et il y est définit : : libotá (5/6) mabotá : 1. Libóké. Mopíko. 2. Bokoki o botángi. Lisangá. Motángo mwa kokoka sɔ́kí obakisí, okabolí, olongolí mpé oyíkínyí. [ 1. quantité, masse 2. somme, total arithmétique ] ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 14:53, 22 mai 2006 (UTC) == Accents == Salut Ivo Merci pour tes contributions. Tu écris que tu as des problèmes avec les accents. Tu n'es pas le seul. * Problème d<nowiki>'</nowiki>'''écrire les accents''': En dessous de la fenêtre d'édition, les voyelles du lingála avec les accents sont affichées. En cliquant sur le caractère, il sera écrit dans la fenêtre près du curseur (au moins dans la plupart des navigateurs [browser]). En plus, Moyogo a écrit des claviers. Voir http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala * Problème de '''savoir écrire les accents''': Il faut vérifier dans un dictionnaire. A ma connaissance, il y a des gens qui sont en train d'écrire un dictionaire pour le vérificateur d'orthographe pour OpenOffice. Pour des dictionnaires voir [[User:Bombo/dico|la page des dictionnaires]], pour une bibliographie très large http://info-langues-congo.1sd.org/Bibliographie_lingala * Problèmes d<nowiki>'</nowiki>'''affichache des accents''': Selon le système d'opération et le navigateur, il a de grandes différences. Sur mon ordinateur, MS Explorer n'affiche que des carrés; Firefox tout, mais les accents sur les ɛ les suivents et Opera affiche tout comme il faut. Page de test: http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Moyogo Bonne chance --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 08:57, 24 mai 2006 (UTC) 8230 2006-05-24T09:17:54Z Bombo 12 /* Accents */ link ==[[l'Église Véritable de Jésus]]== '''Greetings Ivo3!''' Can you please kindly help me create [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/l'Église_Véritable_de_Jésus this article] - based on the [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9ritable_%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9sus French article] or the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church English article]. 2-6 lines would be sufficient enough and your help would be very gratefully appreciated. Thankyou/Merci. (This church was established in the Democratic Republic of the Congo since 2004). Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Joseph]], 07:38 mpɔsɔ / samedi 20 mai 2006 (UTC) == Mbɔ́tɛ na yɔ́ Ivo3 == Salut Ivo3. Pour ''masi'' je crois qu'on peut utiliser ''libotá'', c'est ce que le dictionnaire de Kawata Ashem Tem utilise dans les définitions des éléments chimiques, ex. : « Libotá lya motángo mwa izotope : 9. » et il y est définit : : libotá (5/6) mabotá : 1. Libóké. Mopíko. 2. Bokoki o botángi. Lisangá. Motángo mwa kokoka sɔ́kí obakisí, okabolí, olongolí mpé oyíkínyí. [ 1. quantité, masse 2. somme, total arithmétique ] ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 14:53, 22 mai 2006 (UTC) == Accents == Salut Ivo Merci pour tes contributions. Tu écris que tu as des problèmes avec les accents. Tu n'es pas le seul. * Problème d<nowiki>'</nowiki>'''écrire les accents''': En dessous de la fenêtre d'édition, les voyelles du lingála avec les accents sont affichées. En cliquant sur le caractère, il sera écrit dans la fenêtre près du curseur (au moins dans la plupart des navigateurs [browser]). En plus, Moyogo a écrit des claviers. Voir http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala * Problème de '''savoir écrire les accents''': Il faut vérifier dans un dictionnaire. A ma connaissance, il y a des gens qui sont en train d'écrire un dictionaire pour le vérificateur d'orthographe pour OpenOffice. Pour des dictionnaires voir [[Lingála#Tála_mpé|la page des dictionnaires]], pour une bibliographie très large http://info-langues-congo.1sd.org/Bibliographie_lingala * Problèmes d<nowiki>'</nowiki>'''affichache des accents''': Selon le système d'opération et le navigateur, il a de grandes différences. Sur mon ordinateur, MS Explorer n'affiche que des carrés; Firefox tout, mais les accents sur les ɛ les suivents et Opera affiche tout comme il faut. Page de test: http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Moyogo Bonne chance --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 08:57, 24 mai 2006 (UTC) 8267 2006-05-29T09:22:41Z Moyogo 11 kémi ==[[l'Église Véritable de Jésus]]== '''Greetings Ivo3!''' Can you please kindly help me create [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/l'Église_Véritable_de_Jésus this article] - based on the [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9ritable_%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9sus French article] or the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church English article]. 2-6 lines would be sufficient enough and your help would be very gratefully appreciated. Thankyou/Merci. (This church was established in the Democratic Republic of the Congo since 2004). Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Joseph]], 07:38 mpɔsɔ / samedi 20 mai 2006 (UTC) == Mbɔ́tɛ na yɔ́ Ivo3 == Salut Ivo3. Pour ''masi'' je crois qu'on peut utiliser ''libotá'', c'est ce que le dictionnaire de Kawata Ashem Tem utilise dans les définitions des éléments chimiques, ex. : « Libotá lya motángo mwa izotope : 9. » et il y est définit : : libotá (5/6) mabotá : 1. Libóké. Mopíko. 2. Bokoki o botángi. Lisangá. Motángo mwa kokoka sɔ́kí obakisí, okabolí, olongolí mpé oyíkínyí. [ 1. quantité, masse 2. somme, total arithmétique ] ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 14:53, 22 mai 2006 (UTC) == Accents == Salut Ivo Merci pour tes contributions. Tu écris que tu as des problèmes avec les accents. Tu n'es pas le seul. * Problème d<nowiki>'</nowiki>'''écrire les accents''': En dessous de la fenêtre d'édition, les voyelles du lingála avec les accents sont affichées. En cliquant sur le caractère, il sera écrit dans la fenêtre près du curseur (au moins dans la plupart des navigateurs [browser]). En plus, Moyogo a écrit des claviers. Voir http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala * Problème de '''savoir écrire les accents''': Il faut vérifier dans un dictionnaire. A ma connaissance, il y a des gens qui sont en train d'écrire un dictionaire pour le vérificateur d'orthographe pour OpenOffice. Pour des dictionnaires voir [[Lingála#Tála_mpé|la page des dictionnaires]], pour une bibliographie très large http://info-langues-congo.1sd.org/Bibliographie_lingala * Problèmes d<nowiki>'</nowiki>'''affichache des accents''': Selon le système d'opération et le navigateur, il a de grandes différences. Sur mon ordinateur, MS Explorer n'affiche que des carrés; Firefox tout, mais les accents sur les ɛ les suivents et Opera affiche tout comme il faut. Page de test: http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Moyogo Bonne chance --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 08:57, 24 mai 2006 (UTC) == kémi == salut moyogo comment tu vas? j'aimerais bien me procurer le dictionnaire mais malhereusement de ce cote c'est assez difficile. je voudrais commencer l'edition des composes chimiques et de leur nomenclature, est-ce que je peux trouver cela dans le dictionnaire? [[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] :Salut Ivo3. :Malheureusement le dictionnaire K.A.T. ne donne pas beaucoup plus que de très courte définition avec la traduction française ; par exemple : <blockquote>lado (9a/10a) : Elembo Rn. Z = 86. M = 226,025. Libotá lya motángo mwa izotope 17. [ radium ]</blockquote> Seules quelques éléments ont des définitions un peu plus fournies, ex. : <blockquote>oksijɛ́ní (9a/10a) : Elembo O. Z = 8. M = 15,99. Libotá lya motángo mwa izotope : 9. Mpéma. Mopɛpɛ mpé gázi eye topémaka. Elembo, « O ». Sɔ́kí mɔ̌kɔ́ esanganí o na idrɔ́jɛ́ní íbalé (H2), ekobimisaka mái. [ oxygène ]</blockquote> : <blockquote>kubéle (9a/10a) : Likɛ́lɛ lya kiló liye libóngwanaka sɔ́kí ofiní yangó, likokí kozwa ndéngé ínsɔ, bapɛ́sí ye. Basálaka masási na mbuma na yangó ya mikɛ́mikɛ́. Mbodi ezalí kubélé eye batíyí o mɔ̌tɔ, elɛmbí mpé ekómí lokóla mái. Elembo Pb. Z = 82. M = 207,19. Libotá lya motángo mwa izotope 25. [ plomb ]</blockquote> 8334 2006-06-01T07:42:06Z Moyogo 11 /* kémi */ ==[[l'Église Véritable de Jésus]]== '''Greetings Ivo3!''' Can you please kindly help me create [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/l'Église_Véritable_de_Jésus this article] - based on the [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9ritable_%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9sus French article] or the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church English article]. 2-6 lines would be sufficient enough and your help would be very gratefully appreciated. Thankyou/Merci. (This church was established in the Democratic Republic of the Congo since 2004). Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Joseph]], 07:38 mpɔsɔ / samedi 20 mai 2006 (UTC) == Mbɔ́tɛ na yɔ́ Ivo3 == Salut Ivo3. Pour ''masi'' je crois qu'on peut utiliser ''libotá'', c'est ce que le dictionnaire de Kawata Ashem Tem utilise dans les définitions des éléments chimiques, ex. : « Libotá lya motángo mwa izotope : 9. » et il y est définit : : libotá (5/6) mabotá : 1. Libóké. Mopíko. 2. Bokoki o botángi. Lisangá. Motángo mwa kokoka sɔ́kí obakisí, okabolí, olongolí mpé oyíkínyí. [ 1. quantité, masse 2. somme, total arithmétique ] ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 14:53, 22 mai 2006 (UTC) == Accents == Salut Ivo Merci pour tes contributions. Tu écris que tu as des problèmes avec les accents. Tu n'es pas le seul. * Problème d<nowiki>'</nowiki>'''écrire les accents''': En dessous de la fenêtre d'édition, les voyelles du lingála avec les accents sont affichées. En cliquant sur le caractère, il sera écrit dans la fenêtre près du curseur (au moins dans la plupart des navigateurs [browser]). En plus, Moyogo a écrit des claviers. Voir http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala * Problème de '''savoir écrire les accents''': Il faut vérifier dans un dictionnaire. A ma connaissance, il y a des gens qui sont en train d'écrire un dictionaire pour le vérificateur d'orthographe pour OpenOffice. Pour des dictionnaires voir [[Lingála#Tála_mpé|la page des dictionnaires]], pour une bibliographie très large http://info-langues-congo.1sd.org/Bibliographie_lingala * Problèmes d<nowiki>'</nowiki>'''affichache des accents''': Selon le système d'opération et le navigateur, il a de grandes différences. Sur mon ordinateur, MS Explorer n'affiche que des carrés; Firefox tout, mais les accents sur les ɛ les suivents et Opera affiche tout comme il faut. Page de test: http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Moyogo Bonne chance --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 08:57, 24 mai 2006 (UTC) == kémi == salut moyogo comment tu vas? j'aimerais bien me procurer le dictionnaire mais malhereusement de ce cote c'est assez difficile. je voudrais commencer l'edition des composes chimiques et de leur nomenclature, est-ce que je peux trouver cela dans le dictionnaire? [[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] :Salut Ivo3. :Malheureusement le dictionnaire K.A.T. ne donne pas beaucoup plus que de très courte définition avec la traduction française ; par exemple : <blockquote>lado (9a/10a) : Elembo Rn. Z = 86. M = 226,025. Libotá lya motángo mwa izotope 17. [ radium ]</blockquote> Seules quelques éléments ont des définitions un peu plus fournies, ex. : <blockquote>oksijɛ́ní (9a/10a) : Elembo O. Z = 8. M = 15,99. Libotá lya motángo mwa izotope : 9. Mpéma. Mopɛpɛ mpé gázi eye topémaka. Elembo, « O ». Sɔ́kí mɔ̌kɔ́ esanganí o na idrɔ́jɛ́ní íbalé (H2), ekobimisaka mái. [ oxygène ]</blockquote> : <blockquote>kubéle (9a/10a) : Likɛ́lɛ lya kiló liye libóngwanaka sɔ́kí ofiní yangó, likokí kozwa ndéngé ínsɔ, bapɛ́sí ye. Basálaka masási na mbuma na yangó ya mikɛ́mikɛ́. Mbodi ezalí kubélé eye batíyí o mɔ̌tɔ, elɛmbí mpé ekómí lokóla mái. Elembo Pb. Z = 82. M = 207,19. Libotá lya motángo mwa izotope 25. [ plomb ]</blockquote> === kemi === merci pour tout. j'essayerai d'editer selon cette forme ou bien j'essayerai de changer un peu , ca risque de prendre un peu de temps... je fairais signe quand ce sera pret et vous pourrez toujours verifier et corriger au cas ou. :Prends le temps qu'il te faut, on n'a pas de pression. Ça serait intéressant d'utiliser un tableau comme [[fr:Modèle:Élément]], mais il y a beaucoup de terme technique :( on peut peut-être demander de l'aide sur la liste info-langues-congo@googlegroups.com ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 07:42, 1 yuni 2006 (UTC) 9209 2006-08-30T22:58:27Z Bombo 12 /* kemi */ ==[[l'Église Véritable de Jésus]]== '''Greetings Ivo3!''' Can you please kindly help me create [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/l'Église_Véritable_de_Jésus this article] - based on the [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9ritable_%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9sus French article] or the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church English article]. 2-6 lines would be sufficient enough and your help would be very gratefully appreciated. Thankyou/Merci. (This church was established in the Democratic Republic of the Congo since 2004). Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Joseph]], 07:38 mpɔsɔ / samedi 20 mai 2006 (UTC) == Mbɔ́tɛ na yɔ́ Ivo3 == Salut Ivo3. Pour ''masi'' je crois qu'on peut utiliser ''libotá'', c'est ce que le dictionnaire de Kawata Ashem Tem utilise dans les définitions des éléments chimiques, ex. : « Libotá lya motángo mwa izotope : 9. » et il y est définit : : libotá (5/6) mabotá : 1. Libóké. Mopíko. 2. Bokoki o botángi. Lisangá. Motángo mwa kokoka sɔ́kí obakisí, okabolí, olongolí mpé oyíkínyí. [ 1. quantité, masse 2. somme, total arithmétique ] ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 14:53, 22 mai 2006 (UTC) == Accents == Salut Ivo Merci pour tes contributions. Tu écris que tu as des problèmes avec les accents. Tu n'es pas le seul. * Problème d<nowiki>'</nowiki>'''écrire les accents''': En dessous de la fenêtre d'édition, les voyelles du lingála avec les accents sont affichées. En cliquant sur le caractère, il sera écrit dans la fenêtre près du curseur (au moins dans la plupart des navigateurs [browser]). En plus, Moyogo a écrit des claviers. Voir http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo/lingala * Problème de '''savoir écrire les accents''': Il faut vérifier dans un dictionnaire. A ma connaissance, il y a des gens qui sont en train d'écrire un dictionaire pour le vérificateur d'orthographe pour OpenOffice. Pour des dictionnaires voir [[Lingála#Tála_mpé|la page des dictionnaires]], pour une bibliographie très large http://info-langues-congo.1sd.org/Bibliographie_lingala * Problèmes d<nowiki>'</nowiki>'''affichache des accents''': Selon le système d'opération et le navigateur, il a de grandes différences. Sur mon ordinateur, MS Explorer n'affiche que des carrés; Firefox tout, mais les accents sur les ɛ les suivents et Opera affiche tout comme il faut. Page de test: http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Moyogo Bonne chance --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 08:57, 24 mai 2006 (UTC) == kémi == salut moyogo comment tu vas? j'aimerais bien me procurer le dictionnaire mais malhereusement de ce cote c'est assez difficile. je voudrais commencer l'edition des composes chimiques et de leur nomenclature, est-ce que je peux trouver cela dans le dictionnaire? [[user:Ivo3|Ivo3]] :Salut Ivo3. :Malheureusement le dictionnaire K.A.T. ne donne pas beaucoup plus que de très courte définition avec la traduction française ; par exemple : <blockquote>lado (9a/10a) : Elembo Rn. Z = 86. M = 226,025. Libotá lya motángo mwa izotope 17. [ radium ]</blockquote> Seules quelques éléments ont des définitions un peu plus fournies, ex. : <blockquote>oksijɛ́ní (9a/10a) : Elembo O. Z = 8. M = 15,99. Libotá lya motángo mwa izotope : 9. Mpéma. Mopɛpɛ mpé gázi eye topémaka. Elembo, « O ». Sɔ́kí mɔ̌kɔ́ esanganí o na idrɔ́jɛ́ní íbalé (H2), ekobimisaka mái. [ oxygène ]</blockquote> : <blockquote>kubéle (9a/10a) : Likɛ́lɛ lya kiló liye libóngwanaka sɔ́kí ofiní yangó, likokí kozwa ndéngé ínsɔ, bapɛ́sí ye. Basálaka masási na mbuma na yangó ya mikɛ́mikɛ́. Mbodi ezalí kubélé eye batíyí o mɔ̌tɔ, elɛmbí mpé ekómí lokóla mái. Elembo Pb. Z = 82. M = 207,19. Libotá lya motángo mwa izotope 25. [ plomb ]</blockquote> === kemi === merci pour tout. j'essayerai d'editer selon cette forme ou bien j'essayerai de changer un peu , ca risque de prendre un peu de temps... je fairais signe quand ce sera pret et vous pourrez toujours verifier et corriger au cas ou. :Prends le temps qu'il te faut, on n'a pas de pression. Ça serait intéressant d'utiliser un tableau comme [[fr:Modèle:Élément]], mais il y a beaucoup de terme technique :( on peut peut-être demander de l'aide sur la liste info-langues-congo@googlegroups.com ---[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 07:42, 1 yuni 2006 (UTC) ::Mbɔ́tɛ Ivo3 — une petite liste de vocabulaire est ici: [[Talk:H]] Peut-être cela pourra t'aider. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 22:58, 30 ogusiti 2006 (UTC) Mokokano 2269 8168 2006-05-20T14:33:40Z 83.10.13.94 Mokokano ya [[kémi]]( na lifalanse: '''équation chimimique''') ézali kolakisa bobongwani ya biloko. <br>Bikokano* ezali ebele. <br><br><br><small>*mokokano: équation, ekeseni na bokokani: égalité</small> 8182 2006-05-22T12:39:31Z Bombo 12 cat, interwiki '''Mokokano''' ya [[kémi]]( na lifalanse: ''équation chimique'') ézali kolakisa bobongwani ya biloko. <br>Bikokano* ezali ebele. <br><br><br><small>*mokokano: équation, ekeseni na bokokani: égalité</small> [[Category:Kémi]] [[de:Reaktionsgleichung]] [[en:Chemical equation]] [[es:Ecuación química]] [[fr:Équation chimique]] [[hu:Kémiai egyenlet]] [[it:Equazione chimica]] [[ja:化学反応式]] [[simple:Chemical equation]] [[tl:Ekwasyong kimikal]] [[uk:Хімічне рівняння]] 8183 2006-05-22T12:39:55Z Bombo 12 typo '''Mokokano''' ya [[kémi]] (na lifalanse: ''équation chimique'') ézali kolakisa bobongwani ya biloko. <br>Bikokano* ezali ebele. <br><br><br><small>*mokokano: équation, ekeseni na bokokani: égalité</small> [[Category:Kémi]] [[de:Reaktionsgleichung]] [[en:Chemical equation]] [[es:Ecuación química]] [[fr:Équation chimique]] [[hu:Kémiai egyenlet]] [[it:Equazione chimica]] [[ja:化学反応式]] [[simple:Chemical equation]] [[tl:Ekwasyong kimikal]] [[uk:Хімічне рівняння]] 8197 2006-05-22T14:38:22Z Moyogo 11 '''Mokokano''' ya [[kémi]] (na lifalanse: ''équation chimique'', bizalí '''bikokano'''* na [[boyíké]]) ezalí kolakisa bobongwani ya bilɔ́kɔ. <small>*mokokano: équation, ekeseni na bokokani: égalité</small> [[Category:Kémi]] [[de:Reaktionsgleichung]] [[en:Chemical equation]] [[es:Ecuación química]] [[fr:Équation chimique]] [[hu:Kémiai egyenlet]] [[it:Equazione chimica]] [[ja:化学反応式]] [[simple:Chemical equation]] [[tl:Ekwasyong kimikal]] [[uk:Хімічне рівняння]] 8253 2006-05-27T13:23:30Z Ivo3 68 '''Mokokano''' ya [[kémi]] (na lifalanse: ''équation chimique'', bizalí '''bikokano'''* na [[boyíké]]) ezalí kolakisa bobongwani ya bilɔ́kɔ. nd: <center>NaOH + HCl -----> [[NaCl]] + H<sub>2</sub>O</center> bokokano ya kosala [[mungwa]]. <small>*mokokano: équation, ekeseni na bokokani: égalité</small> [[Category:Kémi]] [[de:Reaktionsgleichung]] [[en:Chemical equation]] [[es:Ecuación química]] [[fr:Équation chimique]] [[hu:Kémiai egyenlet]] [[it:Equazione chimica]] [[ja:化学反応式]] [[simple:Chemical equation]] [[tl:Ekwasyong kimikal]] [[uk:Хімічне рівняння]] 8257 2006-05-28T13:42:17Z 85.27.31.174 '''Mokokano''' ya [[kémi]] (na lifalanse: ''équation chimique'', bizalí '''bikokano'''* na [[boyíké]]) ezalí kolakisa bobongwani ya bilɔ́kɔ. nd: <center>NaOH + HCl → [[NaCl]] + H<sub>2</sub>O</center> bokokano ya kosala [[mungwa]]. <small>*mokokano: équation, ekeseni na bokokani: égalité</small> [[Category:Kémi]] [[de:Reaktionsgleichung]] [[en:Chemical equation]] [[es:Ecuación química]] [[fr:Équation chimique]] [[hu:Kémiai egyenlet]] [[it:Equazione chimica]] [[ja:化学反応式]] [[simple:Chemical equation]] [[tl:Ekwasyong kimikal]] [[uk:Хімічне рівняння]] 9020 2006-08-02T05:51:03Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: [[tr:Denklem (Kimya)]] '''Mokokano''' ya [[kémi]] (na lifalanse: ''équation chimique'', bizalí '''bikokano'''* na [[boyíké]]) ezalí kolakisa bobongwani ya bilɔ́kɔ. nd: <center>NaOH + HCl → [[NaCl]] + H<sub>2</sub>O</center> bokokano ya kosala [[mungwa]]. <small>*mokokano: équation, ekeseni na bokokani: égalité</small> [[Category:Kémi]] [[de:Reaktionsgleichung]] [[en:Chemical equation]] [[es:Ecuación química]] [[fr:Équation chimique]] [[hu:Kémiai egyenlet]] [[it:Equazione chimica]] [[ja:化学反応式]] [[simple:Chemical equation]] [[tl:Ekwasyong kimikal]] [[tr:Denklem (Kimya)]] [[uk:Хімічне рівняння]] User talk:83.10.13.94 2270 8169 2006-05-21T02:05:08Z 203.109.223.33 ==[[l'Église Véritable de Jésus]]== '''Greetings!''' Can you please kindly help me create [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/l'Église_Véritable_de_Jésus this article] - based on the [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9ritable_%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9sus French article] or the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church English article]. 2-6 lines would be sufficient enough and your help would be very gratefully appreciated. Thankyou. (This church was established in the Democratic Republic of the Congo since 2004). Requested by -- [[en:User:Jose77|Joseph]], 02:04 eyenga / dimanche 21 mai 2006 (UTC) 8170 2006-05-21T02:05:24Z 203.109.223.33 ==Request== '''Greetings!''' Can you please kindly help me create [http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/l'Église_Véritable_de_Jésus this article] - based on the [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9ritable_%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9sus French article] or the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church English article]. 2-6 lines would be sufficient enough and your help would be very gratefully appreciated. Thankyou. (This church was established in the Democratic Republic of the Congo since 2004). Requested by -- [[en:User:Jose77|Joseph]], 02:04 eyenga / dimanche 21 mai 2006 (UTC) Category:Atome 2271 8179 2006-05-22T12:27:13Z Bombo 12 cat [[Kémi]] [[Fízíkí]] 8180 2006-05-22T12:29:38Z Bombo 12 cat corr [[Category:Kémi]] [[Category:Fízíkí]] 8186 2006-05-22T12:55:15Z Bombo 12 interwiki [[Category:Kémi]] [[Category:Fízíkí]] [[fr:Category:Atome]] 9372 2006-09-20T12:29:10Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[en:Category:Atoms]], [[ja:Category:原子]] [[Category:Kémi]] [[Category:Fízíkí]] [[en:Category:Atoms]] [[fr:Catégorie:Atome]] [[ja:Category:原子]] Category:Kémi 2272 8187 2006-05-22T13:02:19Z Bombo 12 interwiki [[af:Kategorie:Chemie]] [[als:Kategorie:Chemie]] [[an:Category:Quimica]] [[ar:تصنيف:كيمياء]] [[ast:Categoría:Química]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Хімія]] [[bg:Категория:Химия]] [[br:Rummad:Kimiezh]] [[bs:Category:Hemija]] [[ca:Categoria:Química]] [[cs:Kategorie:Chemie]] [[csb:Kategòrëjô:Chemijô]] [[cy:Category:Cemeg]] [[da:Kategori:Kemi]] [[de:Kategorie:Chemie]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Χημεία]] [[en:Category:Chemistry]] [[eo:Kategorio:Kemio]] [[es:Categoría:Química]] [[et:Kategooria:Keemia]] [[eu:Kategoria:Kimika]] [[fi:Luokka:Kemia]] [[fr:Catégorie:Chimie]] [[ga:Catagóir:Ceimic]] [[gl:Category:Química]] [[he:קטגוריה:כימיה]] [[hr:Kategorija:Kemija]] [[hu:Kategória:Kémia]] [[id:Kategori:Kimia]] [[io:Category:Kemio]] [[is:Flokkur:Efnafræði]] [[it:Categoria:Chimica]] [[ja:Category:化学]] [[kn:Category:ರಸಾಯನಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ]] [[ko:분류:화학]] [[ku:Kategorî:Kîmya]] [[kw:Category:Kymystry]] [[la:Categoria:Chemica]] [[lad:Category:Kemika]] [[lb:Category:Chimie]] [[li:Kategorie:Sjemie]] [[lmo:Category:Chímica]] [[lt:Kategorija:Chemija]] [[lv:Category:Ķīmija]] [[mk:Категорија:Хемија]] [[ms:Kategori:Kimia]] [[mt:Category:Kimika]] [[nds:Kategorie:Chemie]] [[nl:Categorie:Scheikunde]] [[nn:Kategori:Kjemi]] [[no:Kategori:Kjemi]] [[oc:Categoria:Quimia]] [[os:Категори:Хими]] [[pl:Kategoria:Chemia]] [[pt:Categoria:Química]] [[ro:Categorie:Chimie]] [[ru:Категория:Химия]] [[scn:Category:Chìmica]] [[sh:Category:Kemija]] [[simple:Category:Chemistry]] [[sk:Kategória:Chémia]] [[sl:Kategorija:Kemija]] [[sq:Category:Kimia]] [[sr:Категорија:Хемија]] [[sv:Kategori:Kemi]] [[th:Category:เคมี]] [[tr:Kategori:Kimya]] [[uk:Категорія:Хімія]] [[vi:Thể loại:Hóa học]] [[zh:Category:化学]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Hòa-ha̍k]] 8690 2006-07-01T19:06:35Z Bombo 12 cat Category:Mambí [[af:Kategorie:Chemie]] [[als:Kategorie:Chemie]] [[an:Category:Quimica]] [[ar:تصنيف:كيمياء]] [[ast:Categoría:Química]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Хімія]] [[bg:Категория:Химия]] [[br:Rummad:Kimiezh]] [[bs:Category:Hemija]] [[ca:Categoria:Química]] [[cs:Kategorie:Chemie]] [[csb:Kategòrëjô:Chemijô]] [[cy:Category:Cemeg]] [[da:Kategori:Kemi]] [[de:Kategorie:Chemie]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Χημεία]] [[en:Category:Chemistry]] [[eo:Kategorio:Kemio]] [[es:Categoría:Química]] [[et:Kategooria:Keemia]] [[eu:Kategoria:Kimika]] [[fi:Luokka:Kemia]] [[fr:Catégorie:Chimie]] [[ga:Catagóir:Ceimic]] [[gl:Category:Química]] [[he:קטגוריה:כימיה]] [[hr:Kategorija:Kemija]] [[hu:Kategória:Kémia]] [[id:Kategori:Kimia]] [[io:Category:Kemio]] [[is:Flokkur:Efnafræði]] [[it:Categoria:Chimica]] [[ja:Category:化学]] [[kn:Category:ರಸಾಯನಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ]] [[ko:분류:화학]] [[ku:Kategorî:Kîmya]] [[kw:Category:Kymystry]] [[la:Categoria:Chemica]] [[lad:Category:Kemika]] [[lb:Category:Chimie]] [[li:Kategorie:Sjemie]] [[lmo:Category:Chímica]] [[lt:Kategorija:Chemija]] [[lv:Category:Ķīmija]] [[mk:Категорија:Хемија]] [[ms:Kategori:Kimia]] [[mt:Category:Kimika]] [[nds:Kategorie:Chemie]] [[nl:Categorie:Scheikunde]] [[nn:Kategori:Kjemi]] [[no:Kategori:Kjemi]] [[oc:Categoria:Quimia]] [[os:Категори:Хими]] [[pl:Kategoria:Chemia]] [[pt:Categoria:Química]] [[ro:Categorie:Chimie]] [[ru:Категория:Химия]] [[scn:Category:Chìmica]] [[sh:Category:Kemija]] [[simple:Category:Chemistry]] [[sk:Kategória:Chémia]] [[sl:Kategorija:Kemija]] [[sq:Category:Kimia]] [[sr:Категорија:Хемија]] [[sv:Kategori:Kemi]] [[th:Category:เคมี]] [[tr:Kategori:Kimya]] [[uk:Категорія:Хімія]] [[vi:Thể loại:Hóa học]] [[zh:Category:化学]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Hòa-ha̍k]] 8691 2006-07-01T19:06:58Z Bombo 12 [[Category:Mambí]] [[af:Kategorie:Chemie]] [[als:Kategorie:Chemie]] [[an:Category:Quimica]] [[ar:تصنيف:كيمياء]] [[ast:Categoría:Química]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Хімія]] [[bg:Категория:Химия]] [[br:Rummad:Kimiezh]] [[bs:Category:Hemija]] [[ca:Categoria:Química]] [[cs:Kategorie:Chemie]] [[csb:Kategòrëjô:Chemijô]] [[cy:Category:Cemeg]] [[da:Kategori:Kemi]] [[de:Kategorie:Chemie]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Χημεία]] [[en:Category:Chemistry]] [[eo:Kategorio:Kemio]] [[es:Categoría:Química]] [[et:Kategooria:Keemia]] [[eu:Kategoria:Kimika]] [[fi:Luokka:Kemia]] [[fr:Catégorie:Chimie]] [[ga:Catagóir:Ceimic]] [[gl:Category:Química]] [[he:קטגוריה:כימיה]] [[hr:Kategorija:Kemija]] [[hu:Kategória:Kémia]] [[id:Kategori:Kimia]] [[io:Category:Kemio]] [[is:Flokkur:Efnafræði]] [[it:Categoria:Chimica]] [[ja:Category:化学]] [[kn:Category:ರಸಾಯನಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ]] [[ko:분류:화학]] [[ku:Kategorî:Kîmya]] [[kw:Category:Kymystry]] [[la:Categoria:Chemica]] [[lad:Category:Kemika]] [[lb:Category:Chimie]] [[li:Kategorie:Sjemie]] [[lmo:Category:Chímica]] [[lt:Kategorija:Chemija]] [[lv:Category:Ķīmija]] [[mk:Категорија:Хемија]] [[ms:Kategori:Kimia]] [[mt:Category:Kimika]] [[nds:Kategorie:Chemie]] [[nl:Categorie:Scheikunde]] [[nn:Kategori:Kjemi]] [[no:Kategori:Kjemi]] [[oc:Categoria:Quimia]] [[os:Категори:Хими]] [[pl:Kategoria:Chemia]] [[pt:Categoria:Química]] [[ro:Categorie:Chimie]] [[ru:Категория:Химия]] [[scn:Category:Chìmica]] [[sh:Category:Kemija]] [[simple:Category:Chemistry]] [[sk:Kategória:Chémia]] [[sl:Kategorija:Kemija]] [[sq:Category:Kimia]] [[sr:Категорија:Хемија]] [[sv:Kategori:Kemi]] [[th:Category:เคมี]] [[tr:Kategori:Kimya]] [[uk:Категорія:Хімія]] [[vi:Thể loại:Hóa học]] [[zh:Category:化学]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Hòa-ha̍k]] 8772 2006-07-03T14:29:41Z Bombo 12 '''Kémi''' ezalí mambí ya bokabwani ya bilɔ́kɔ, ya makɛ́lɛ. [[Category:Mambí]] [[af:Kategorie:Chemie]] [[als:Kategorie:Chemie]] [[an:Category:Quimica]] [[ar:تصنيف:كيمياء]] [[ast:Categoría:Química]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Хімія]] [[bg:Категория:Химия]] [[br:Rummad:Kimiezh]] [[bs:Category:Hemija]] [[ca:Categoria:Química]] [[cs:Kategorie:Chemie]] [[csb:Kategòrëjô:Chemijô]] [[cy:Category:Cemeg]] [[da:Kategori:Kemi]] [[de:Kategorie:Chemie]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Χημεία]] [[en:Category:Chemistry]] [[eo:Kategorio:Kemio]] [[es:Categoría:Química]] [[et:Kategooria:Keemia]] [[eu:Kategoria:Kimika]] [[fi:Luokka:Kemia]] [[fr:Catégorie:Chimie]] [[ga:Catagóir:Ceimic]] [[gl:Category:Química]] [[he:קטגוריה:כימיה]] [[hr:Kategorija:Kemija]] [[hu:Kategória:Kémia]] [[id:Kategori:Kimia]] [[io:Category:Kemio]] [[is:Flokkur:Efnafræði]] [[it:Categoria:Chimica]] [[ja:Category:化学]] [[kn:Category:ರಸಾಯನಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ]] [[ko:분류:화학]] [[ku:Kategorî:Kîmya]] [[kw:Category:Kymystry]] [[la:Categoria:Chemica]] [[lad:Category:Kemika]] [[lb:Category:Chimie]] [[li:Kategorie:Sjemie]] [[lmo:Category:Chímica]] [[lt:Kategorija:Chemija]] [[lv:Category:Ķīmija]] [[mk:Категорија:Хемија]] [[ms:Kategori:Kimia]] [[mt:Category:Kimika]] [[nds:Kategorie:Chemie]] [[nl:Categorie:Scheikunde]] [[nn:Kategori:Kjemi]] [[no:Kategori:Kjemi]] [[oc:Categoria:Quimia]] [[os:Категори:Хими]] [[pl:Kategoria:Chemia]] [[pt:Categoria:Química]] [[ro:Categorie:Chimie]] [[ru:Категория:Химия]] [[scn:Category:Chìmica]] [[sh:Category:Kemija]] [[simple:Category:Chemistry]] [[sk:Kategória:Chémia]] [[sl:Kategorija:Kemija]] [[sq:Category:Kimia]] [[sr:Категорија:Хемија]] [[sv:Kategori:Kemi]] [[th:Category:เคมี]] [[tr:Kategori:Kimya]] [[uk:Категорія:Хімія]] [[vi:Thể loại:Hóa học]] [[zh:Category:化学]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Hòa-ha̍k]] 9166 2006-08-26T08:11:00Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[ka:კატეგორია:ქიმია]], [[zh-yue:Category:化學]] '''Kémi''' ezalí mambí ya bokabwani ya bilɔ́kɔ, ya makɛ́lɛ. [[Category:Mambí]] [[af:Kategorie:Chemie]] [[als:Kategorie:Chemie]] [[an:Categoría:Quimica]] [[ar:تصنيف:كيمياء]] [[ast:Categoría:Química]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Хімія]] [[bg:Категория:Химия]] [[br:Rummad:Kimiezh]] [[bs:Kategorija:Hemija]] [[ca:Categoria:Química]] [[cs:Kategorie:Chemie]] [[csb:Kategòrëjô:Chemijô]] [[cy:Categori:Cemeg]] [[da:Kategori:Kemi]] [[de:Kategorie:Chemie]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Χημεία]] [[en:Category:Chemistry]] [[eo:Kategorio:Kemio]] [[es:Categoría:Química]] [[et:Kategooria:Keemia]] [[eu:Kategoria:Kimika]] [[fi:Luokka:Kemia]] [[fr:Catégorie:Chimie]] [[ga:Catagóir:Ceimic]] [[gl:Category:Química]] [[he:קטגוריה:כימיה]] [[hr:Kategorija:Kemija]] [[hu:Kategória:Kémia]] [[id:Kategori:Kimia]] [[io:Category:Kemio]] [[is:Flokkur:Efnafræði]] [[it:Categoria:Chimica]] [[ja:Category:化学]] [[ka:კატეგორია:ქიმია]] [[kn:ವರ್ಗ:ರಸಾಯನಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ]] [[ko:분류:화학]] [[ku:Kategorî:Kîmya]] [[kw:Category:Kymystry]] [[la:Categoria:Chemica]] [[lad:Category:Kemika]] [[lb:Category:Chimie]] [[li:Kategorie:Sjemie]] [[lmo:Category:Chímica]] [[lt:Kategorija:Chemija]] [[lv:Kategorija:Ķīmija]] [[mk:Категорија:Хемија]] [[ms:Kategori:Kimia]] [[mt:Category:Kimika]] [[nds:Kategorie:Chemie]] [[nl:Categorie:Scheikunde]] [[nn:Kategori:Kjemi]] [[no:Kategori:Kjemi]] [[oc:Categoria:Quimia]] [[os:Категори:Хими]] [[pl:Kategoria:Chemia]] [[pt:Categoria:Química]] [[ro:Categorie:Chimie]] [[ru:Категория:Химия]] [[scn:Category:Chìmica]] [[sh:Category:Kemija]] [[simple:Category:Chemistry]] [[sk:Kategória:Chémia]] [[sl:Kategorija:Kemija]] [[sq:Category:Kimia]] [[sr:Категорија:Хемија]] [[sv:Kategori:Kemi]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:เคมี]] [[tr:Kategori:Kimya]] [[uk:Категорія:Хімія]] [[vi:Thể loại:Hóa học]] [[zh:Category:化学]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Hòa-ha̍k]] [[zh-yue:Category:化學]] 9327 2006-09-07T05:07:04Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[az:Kateqoriya:Kimya]] '''Kémi''' ezalí mambí ya bokabwani ya bilɔ́kɔ, ya makɛ́lɛ. [[Category:Mambí]] [[af:Kategorie:Chemie]] [[als:Kategorie:Chemie]] [[an:Categoría:Quimica]] [[ar:تصنيف:كيمياء]] [[ast:Categoría:Química]] [[az:Kateqoriya:Kimya]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Хімія]] [[bg:Категория:Химия]] [[br:Rummad:Kimiezh]] [[bs:Kategorija:Hemija]] [[ca:Categoria:Química]] [[cs:Kategorie:Chemie]] [[csb:Kategòrëjô:Chemijô]] [[cy:Categori:Cemeg]] [[da:Kategori:Kemi]] [[de:Kategorie:Chemie]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Χημεία]] [[en:Category:Chemistry]] [[eo:Kategorio:Kemio]] [[es:Categoría:Química]] [[et:Kategooria:Keemia]] [[eu:Kategoria:Kimika]] [[fi:Luokka:Kemia]] [[fr:Catégorie:Chimie]] [[ga:Catagóir:Ceimic]] [[gl:Category:Química]] [[he:קטגוריה:כימיה]] [[hr:Kategorija:Kemija]] [[hu:Kategória:Kémia]] [[id:Kategori:Kimia]] [[io:Category:Kemio]] [[is:Flokkur:Efnafræði]] [[it:Categoria:Chimica]] [[ja:Category:化学]] [[ka:კატეგორია:ქიმია]] [[kn:ವರ್ಗ:ರಸಾಯನಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ]] [[ko:분류:화학]] [[ku:Kategorî:Kîmya]] [[kw:Category:Kymystry]] [[la:Categoria:Chemica]] [[lad:Category:Kemika]] [[lb:Category:Chimie]] [[li:Kategorie:Sjemie]] [[lmo:Category:Chímica]] [[lt:Kategorija:Chemija]] [[lv:Kategorija:Ķīmija]] [[mk:Категорија:Хемија]] [[ms:Kategori:Kimia]] [[mt:Category:Kimika]] [[nds:Kategorie:Chemie]] [[nl:Categorie:Scheikunde]] [[nn:Kategori:Kjemi]] [[no:Kategori:Kjemi]] [[oc:Categoria:Quimia]] [[os:Категори:Хими]] [[pl:Kategoria:Chemia]] [[pt:Categoria:Química]] [[ro:Categorie:Chimie]] [[ru:Категория:Химия]] [[scn:Category:Chìmica]] [[sh:Category:Kemija]] [[simple:Category:Chemistry]] [[sk:Kategória:Chémia]] [[sl:Kategorija:Kemija]] [[sq:Category:Kimia]] [[sr:Категорија:Хемија]] [[sv:Kategori:Kemi]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:เคมี]] [[tr:Kategori:Kimya]] [[uk:Категорія:Хімія]] [[vi:Thể loại:Hóa học]] [[zh:Category:化学]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Hòa-ha̍k]] [[zh-yue:Category:化學]] 9848 2006-11-25T14:29:08Z Escarbot 73 robot Modifie: [[lmo:Category:Chímega]], [[sq:Category:Kimi]] '''Kémi''' ezalí mambí ya bokabwani ya bilɔ́kɔ, ya makɛ́lɛ. [[Category:Mambí]] [[af:Kategorie:Chemie]] [[als:Kategorie:Chemie]] [[an:Categoría:Quimica]] [[ar:تصنيف:كيمياء]] [[ast:Categoría:Química]] [[az:Kateqoriya:Kimya]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Хімія]] [[bg:Категория:Химия]] [[br:Rummad:Kimiezh]] [[bs:Kategorija:Hemija]] [[ca:Categoria:Química]] [[cs:Kategorie:Chemie]] [[csb:Kategòrëjô:Chemijô]] [[cy:Categori:Cemeg]] [[da:Kategori:Kemi]] [[de:Kategorie:Chemie]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Χημεία]] [[en:Category:Chemistry]] [[eo:Kategorio:Kemio]] [[es:Categoría:Química]] [[et:Kategooria:Keemia]] [[eu:Kategoria:Kimika]] [[fi:Luokka:Kemia]] [[fr:Catégorie:Chimie]] [[ga:Catagóir:Ceimic]] [[gl:Category:Química]] [[he:קטגוריה:כימיה]] [[hr:Kategorija:Kemija]] [[hu:Kategória:Kémia]] [[id:Kategori:Kimia]] [[io:Category:Kemio]] [[is:Flokkur:Efnafræði]] [[it:Categoria:Chimica]] [[ja:Category:化学]] [[ka:კატეგორია:ქიმია]] [[kn:ವರ್ಗ:ರಸಾಯನಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ]] [[ko:분류:화학]] [[ku:Kategorî:Kîmya]] [[kw:Category:Kymystry]] [[la:Categoria:Chemica]] [[lad:Category:Kemika]] [[lb:Category:Chimie]] [[li:Kategorie:Sjemie]] [[lmo:Category:Chímega]] [[lt:Kategorija:Chemija]] [[lv:Kategorija:Ķīmija]] [[mk:Категорија:Хемија]] [[ms:Kategori:Kimia]] [[mt:Category:Kimika]] [[nds:Kategorie:Chemie]] [[nl:Categorie:Scheikunde]] [[nn:Kategori:Kjemi]] [[no:Kategori:Kjemi]] [[oc:Categoria:Quimia]] [[os:Категори:Хими]] [[pl:Kategoria:Chemia]] [[pt:Categoria:Química]] [[ro:Categorie:Chimie]] [[ru:Категория:Химия]] [[scn:Category:Chìmica]] [[sh:Category:Kemija]] [[simple:Category:Chemistry]] [[sk:Kategória:Chémia]] [[sl:Kategorija:Kemija]] [[sq:Category:Kimi]] [[sr:Категорија:Хемија]] [[sv:Kategori:Kemi]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:เคมี]] [[tr:Kategori:Kimya]] [[uk:Категорія:Хімія]] [[vi:Thể loại:Hóa học]] [[zh:Category:化学]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Hòa-ha̍k]] [[zh-yue:Category:化學]] 9914 2006-11-30T22:44:30Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[su:Kategori:Kimia]] '''Kémi''' ezalí mambí ya bokabwani ya bilɔ́kɔ, ya makɛ́lɛ. [[Category:Mambí]] [[af:Kategorie:Chemie]] [[als:Kategorie:Chemie]] [[an:Categoría:Quimica]] [[ar:تصنيف:كيمياء]] [[ast:Categoría:Química]] [[az:Kateqoriya:Kimya]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Хімія]] [[bg:Категория:Химия]] [[br:Rummad:Kimiezh]] [[bs:Kategorija:Hemija]] [[ca:Categoria:Química]] [[cs:Kategorie:Chemie]] [[csb:Kategòrëjô:Chemijô]] [[cy:Categori:Cemeg]] [[da:Kategori:Kemi]] [[de:Kategorie:Chemie]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Χημεία]] [[en:Category:Chemistry]] [[eo:Kategorio:Kemio]] [[es:Categoría:Química]] [[et:Kategooria:Keemia]] [[eu:Kategoria:Kimika]] [[fi:Luokka:Kemia]] [[fr:Catégorie:Chimie]] [[ga:Catagóir:Ceimic]] [[gl:Category:Química]] [[he:קטגוריה:כימיה]] [[hr:Kategorija:Kemija]] [[hu:Kategória:Kémia]] [[id:Kategori:Kimia]] [[io:Category:Kemio]] [[is:Flokkur:Efnafræði]] [[it:Categoria:Chimica]] [[ja:Category:化学]] [[ka:კატეგორია:ქიმია]] [[kn:ವರ್ಗ:ರಸಾಯನಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ]] [[ko:분류:화학]] [[ku:Kategorî:Kîmya]] [[kw:Category:Kymystry]] [[la:Categoria:Chemica]] [[lad:Category:Kemika]] [[lb:Category:Chimie]] [[li:Kategorie:Sjemie]] [[lmo:Category:Chímega]] [[lt:Kategorija:Chemija]] [[lv:Kategorija:Ķīmija]] [[mk:Категорија:Хемија]] [[ms:Kategori:Kimia]] [[mt:Category:Kimika]] [[nds:Kategorie:Chemie]] [[nl:Categorie:Scheikunde]] [[nn:Kategori:Kjemi]] [[no:Kategori:Kjemi]] [[oc:Categoria:Quimia]] [[os:Категори:Хими]] [[pl:Kategoria:Chemia]] [[pt:Categoria:Química]] [[ro:Categorie:Chimie]] [[ru:Категория:Химия]] [[scn:Category:Chìmica]] [[sh:Category:Kemija]] [[simple:Category:Chemistry]] [[sk:Kategória:Chémia]] [[sl:Kategorija:Kemija]] [[sq:Category:Kimi]] [[sr:Категорија:Хемија]] [[su:Kategori:Kimia]] [[sv:Kategori:Kemi]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:เคมี]] [[tr:Kategori:Kimya]] [[uk:Категорія:Хімія]] [[vi:Thể loại:Hóa học]] [[zh:Category:化学]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Hòa-ha̍k]] [[zh-yue:Category:化學]] Mokɔkɔli 2273 8191 2006-05-22T13:52:11Z Moyogo 11 [[Mokɔkɔli]] moved to [[Mokókóló ya atome]]: Mokɔkɔli -> Mokókólí/ó = noyau #REDIRECT [[Mokókóló ya atome]] Emónisi 2274 8195 2006-05-22T14:17:31Z Moyogo 11 [[Emónisi]] moved to [[Emɔ́nisi]] #REDIRECT [[Emɔ́nisi]] Boyíké 2275 8198 2006-05-22T14:46:38Z Moyogo 11 ''Boyíké'' elakisi míngi mpó na nkómbó o [[mambí ma lokóta]], ekɛsɛní na [[bɔ̌kɔ́]]. Ndakisa : ''moto'' na bɔ̌kɔ́ ezalí ''bato'' na boyíké. == Tálá mpé == * [[nkóndo]] ya nkómbó * [[Mambí ma lokóta]] [[Category:Mambí ma lokóta]] 8888 2006-07-13T13:25:59Z Moyogo 11 ''Boyíké'' elakisi míngi mpó na nkómbó o [[mambí ma lokótá]], ekɛsɛní na [[bɔ̌kɔ́]]. Ndakisa : ''moto'' na bɔ̌kɔ́ ezalí ''bato'' na boyíké. == Tálá mpé == * [[nkóndo]] ya nkómbó * [[Mambí ma lokóta]] [[Category:Mambí ma lokóta]] User:Ivo3 2276 8211 2006-05-23T18:58:08Z Ivo3 68 Ivo ouvert a toute proposition. je contribue au developpement de la version lingala de wikipedia en general et de la partie "chimie" en particulier. Toute aide sera la bienvenue. Merci. Etánda ya bileko 2277 8216 2006-05-23T20:16:51Z Ivo3 68 {| style="border:1px solid" align=center cellpadding=10 | <big>'''<center>Etánda lya bileko</center><br><big><center>Tableau périodique des éléments en lingala</center>'''</big> |} {| border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" bordercolor="#FFFFFF" width="80%" align="center" style="margin-bottom: 1.5em" |- | align="center" width="8%"| | align="center" |'''1''' | align="center" |'''2''' | width="2%" align="center" | | align="center" |'''3''' | align="center" |'''4''' | align="center" |'''5''' | align="center" |'''6''' | align="center" |'''7''' | align="center" |'''8''' | align="center" |'''9''' | align="center" |'''10''' | align="center" |'''11''' | align="center" |'''12''' | align="center" |'''13''' | align="center" |'''14''' | align="center" |'''15''' | align="center" |'''16''' | align="center" |'''17''' | align="center" |'''18''' |- | align="center" width="8%"| | align="center" |'''I''' | align="center" |'''II''' | width="2%" align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |'''III''' | align="center" |'''IV''' | align="center" |'''V''' | align="center" |'''VI''' | align="center" |'''VII''' | align="center" |'''VIII''' |- | align="center" width="8%"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''1''' | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|1<br/>[[H]]<br/><font size=1>[[idrojɛ́ní]]</font> | align="center"| | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|2<br/>[[He]]<font size=1><br/>[[eliyúmu]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''2''' | align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666"|3<br/>[[Li]]<br/><font size=1>[[litu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|4<br/>[[Be]]<br/><font size=1>[[belilu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|5<br/>[[B]]<br/><font size=1>[[bolo]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|6<br/>[[C]]<br/><font size=1>[[kaboni]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|7<br/>[[N]]<br/><font size=1>[[azoti]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|8<br/>[[O]]<br/><font size=1>[[oksijɛ́ní]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99"|9<br/>[[F]]<br/><font size=1>[[folina]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|10<br/>[[Ne]]<br/><font size=1>[[neoni]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''3''' | align="center" bgcolor="#ff6666"|11<br/>[[Na]]<br/><font size=1>[[sodu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|12<br/>[[Mg]]<br/><font size=1>[[manezu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|13<br/>[[Al]]<br/><font size=1>[[aluminyu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|14<br/>[[Si]]<br/><font size=1>[[siliki]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|15<br/>[[P]]<br/><font size=1>[[fosofo]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|16<br/>[[S]]<br/><font size=1>[[sufa]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99"|17<br/>[[Cl]]<br/><font size=1>[[koloki]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|18<br/>[[Ar]]<br/><font size=1>[[alago]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''4''' | align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666"|19<br/>[[K]]<br/><font size=1>[[potasu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|20<br/>[[Ca]]<br/><font size=1>[[kalisu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|21<br/>[[Sc]]<br/><font size=1>[[sekandu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|22<br/>[[Ti]]<br/><font size=1>[[titani]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|23<br/>[[V]]<br/><font size=1>[[vanadu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|24<br/>[[Cr]]<br/><font size=1>[[kolomo]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|25<br/>[[Mn]]<br/><font size=1>[[manezu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|26<br/>[[Fe]]<br/><font size=1>[[ebendé]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|27<br/>[[Co]]<br/><font size=1>[[kobalti]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|28<br/>[[Ni]]<br/><font size=1>[[nikɛ́li]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|29<br/>[[Cu]]<br/><font size=1>[[mbengi]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|30<br/>[[Zn]]<br/><font size=1>[[zɛ́nki]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|31<br/>[[Ga]]<br/><font size=1>[[galu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|32<br/>[[Ge]]<br/><font size=1>[[jemani]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|33<br/>[[As]]<br/><font size=1>[[aseni]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|34<br/>[[Se]]<br/><font size=1>[[seleni]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99"|35<br/>[[Br]]<br/><font size=1>[[bomo]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|36<br/>[[Kr]]<br/><font size=1>[[kliptoni]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''5''' | align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666"|37<br/>[[Rb]]<br/><font size=1>[[libidu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|38<br/>[[Sr]]<br/><font size=1>[[sitotu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|39<br/>[[Y]]<br/><font size=1>[[yetibu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|40<br/>[[Zr]]<br/><font size=1>[[zikonu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|41<br/>[[Nb]]<br/><font size=1>[[nobu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|42<br/>[[Mo]]<br/><font size=1>[[modemu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|43<br/>[[Tc]]<br/><font size=1>[[tenetu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|44<br/>[[Ru]]<br/><font size=1>[[lotenu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|45<br/>[[Rh]]<br/><font size=1>[[lodu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|46<br/>[[Pd]]<br/><font size=1>[[paladu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|47<br/>[[Ag]]<br/><font size=1>[[sɛ́ngi]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|48<br/>[[Cd]]<br/><font size=1>[[kademu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|49<br/>[[In]]<br/><font size=1>[[indu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|50<br/>[[Sn]]<br/><font size=1>[[etani]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|51<br/>[[Sb]]<br/><font size=1>[[antimoni]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|52<br/>[[Te]]<br/><font size=1>[[telulu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99"|53<br/>[[I]]<br/><font size=1>[[ide]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|54<br/>[[Xe]]<br/><font size=1>[[zenoni]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''6''' | align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666"|55<br/>[[Cs]]<br/><font size=1>[[kaesu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|56<br/>[[Ba]]<br/><font size=1>[[balu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffbfff"|* | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|71<br/>[[Lu]]<br/><font size=1>[[lutetu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|72<br/>[[Hf]]<br/><font size=1>[[hafenu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|73<br/>[[Ta]]<br/><font size=1>[[tantalu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|74<br/>[[W]]<br/><font size=1>[[tungu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|75<br/>[[Re]]<br/><font size=1>[[lenu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|76<br/>[[Os]]<br/><font size=1>[[osumu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|77<br/>[[Ir]]<br/><font size=1>[[ilidu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|78<br/>[[Pt]]<br/><font size=1>[[palata]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|79<br/>[[Au]]<br/><font size=1>[[wólo]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|80<br/>[[Hg]]<br/><font size=1>[[mekuli]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|81<br/>[[Tl]]<br/><font size=1>[[talu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|82<br/>[[Pb]]<br/><font size=1>[[kubéle]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|83<br/>[[Bi]]<br/><font size=1>[[bisemu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|84<br/>[[Po]]<br/><font size=1>[[polonu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99"|85<br/>[[At]]<br/><font size=1>[[atati]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|86<br/>[[Rn]]<br/><font size=1>[[lado]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''7''' | align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666"|87<br/>[[Fr]]<br/><font size=1>[[fansu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|88<br/>[[Ra]]<br/><font size=1>[[ladu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|** | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|103<br/>[[Lr]]<br/><font size=1>[[laleku]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|104<br/>[[Rf]]<br/><font size=1>[[lotefodu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|105<br/>[[Db]]<br/><font size=1>[[dubenu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|106<br/>[[Sg]]<br/><font size=1>[[seabodu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|107<br/>[[Bh]]<br/><font size=1>[[bohlu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|108<br/>[[Hs]]<br/><font size=1>[[hasu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|109<br/>[[Mt]]<br/><font size=1>[[meitenu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|110<br/>[[Ds]]<br/><font size=1>[[damtadu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|111<br/>[[Rg]]<br/><font size=1>[[luntenu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|112<br/>[[Uub]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununbu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#eceaec"|<font color="#808080">113<br/>[[Uut]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununtrium]]</font></font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|114<br/>[[Uuq]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununkwadu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#eceaec"|<font color="#808080">115<br/>[[Uup]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununpentium]]</font></font> | align="center" bgcolor="#eceaec"|116<br/>[[Uuh]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununeksu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#fcfecc"|<font color="#808080">117<br/>[[Uus]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununseptium]]</font></font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ecfefc"|118<br/>[[Uuo]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununoktu]]?</font> |} NB : les noms suivis d'un point d'interrogation sont des approximations, il faudrait les vérifier auprès de lexicologues et terminologues. Tous les autres proviennent de dictionnaires et autres ouvrages de référence. {| border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" bordercolor="#FFFFFF" align="center" style="margin-bottom:1.5em" |- | width="18%" align="center"|'''<font size=1>[[lanthanide|Lanthanide]]s</font>''' | width="2%" align="center"|* | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|57<br/>[[La]]<br/><font size=1>[[lantanu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|58<br/>[[Ce]]<br/><font size=1>[[selu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|59<br/>[[Pr]]<br/><font size=1>[[padimu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|60<br/>[[Nd]]<br/><font size=1>[[nedimu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|61<br/>[[Pm]]<br/><font size=1>[[pometu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|62<br/>[[Sm]]<br/><font size=1>[[samalu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|63<br/>[[Eu]]<br/><font size=1>[[elopu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|64<br/>[[Gd]]<br/><font size=1>[[gadolinu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|65<br/>[[Tb]]<br/><font size=1>[[telebumu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|66<br/>[[Dy]]<br/><font size=1>[[diposu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|67<br/>[[Ho]]<br/><font size=1>[[olimu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|68<br/>[[Er]]<br/><font size=1>[[ebu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|69<br/>[[Tm]]<br/><font size=1>[[tulu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|70<br/>[[Yb]]<br/><font size=1>[[yetibu]]</font> | align="center"| | align="center"| |- | width="18%" align="center"|'''<font size=1>[[actinide|Actinides]]</font>''' | width="2%" align="center"|** | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|89<br/>[[Ac]]<br/><font size=1>[[atinu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|90<br/>[[Th]]<br/><font size=1>[[tolu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|91<br/>[[Pa]]<br/><font size=1>[[potinu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|92<br/>[[U]]<br/><font size=1>[[ulanu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|93<br/>[[Np]]<br/><font size=1>[[netunu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|94<br/>[[Pu]]<br/><font size=1>[[putonu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|95<br/>[[Am]]<br/><font size=1>[[amelu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|96<br/>[[Cm]]<br/><font size=1>[[kolumu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|97<br/>[[Bk]]<br/><font size=1>[[bekelu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|98<br/>[[Cf]]<br/><font size=1>[[kalifu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|99<br/>[[Es]]<br/><font size=1>[[eselemu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|100<br/>[[Fm]]<br/><font size=1>[[femu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|101<br/>[[Md]]<br/><font size=1>[[mendelu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|102<br/>[[No]]<br/><font size=1>[[nobelu]]</font> | align="center"| | align="center"| |} {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" width="80%" bordercolor="#FFFFFF" align="center" |+ Séries chimiques du tableau périodique |- | bgcolor="#FF6666" align="center"|[[métal alcalin|métaux alcalins]] | bgcolor="#FFDEAD" align="center"|[[métal alcalino-terreux|métaux alcalino-terreux]] | bgcolor="#ffbfff" align="center"|[[lanthanide]]s | bgcolor="#ff99cc" align="center"|[[actinide]]s | bgcolor="#ffc0c0" align="center"|[[métal de transition|métaux de transition]] |- | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"|[[métal pauvre|métaux pauvres]] | bgcolor="#CCCC99" align="center"|[[métalloïde]]s | bgcolor="#a0ffa0" align="center"|[[likɛ́lɛ tɛ́|makɛ́lɛ tɛ́]] <br/><small>(non-métaux)</small> | bgcolor="#ffff99" align="center"|[[halogène]]s | bgcolor="#c0ffff" align="center"|[[gaz rare]]s |} '''NB : à traduire''' remerciements a moyogo(wiktionaire) [[category:Kémi]] [[af:Periodieke tabel]] [[als:Periodensystem]] [[ar:جدول دوري]] [[ast:Tabla periódica]] [[be:Перыядычная сістэма элементаў]] [[bg:Периодична таблица]] [[br:Taolenn beriodek an elfennoù]] [[bs:Periodni sistem elemenata]] [[ca:Taula periòdica]] [[cs:Periodická tabulka]] [[cy:Tabl Cyfnodol]] [[da:Det periodiske system]] [[de:Periodensystem]] [[el:Περιοδικός πίνακας των χημικών στοιχείων]] [[en:Periodic table]] [[eo:Perioda tabelo]] [[es:Tabla periódica de los elementos]] [[et:Keemiliste elementide perioodilisussüsteem]] [[eu:Elementuen sailkapen periodiko]] [[fa:جدول تناوبی (استاندارد)]] [[fi:Alkuaineiden jaksollinen järjestelmä]] [[fo:Skeiðbundna skipanin]] [[fr:tableau périodique des éléments]] [[fur:Tabele periodiche]] [[ga:Tábla peiriadach]] [[gl:Táboa periódica dos elementos]] [[gu:આવર્ત કોષ્ટક]] [[he:הטבלה המחזורית]] [[hr:Periodni sustav elemenata]] [[hu:Periódusos rendszer]] [[ia:Tabella periodic del elementos]] [[id:Tabel periodik]] [[io:Periodala tabelo dil elementaro]] [[is:Lotukerfið]] [[it:Tavola periodica]] [[ja:周期表]] [[ka:ქიმიურ ელემენტთა პერიოდული სისტემა]] [[ko:주기율표]] [[ku:Tabloya periyodîk a elementan]] [[la:Systema Periodicum]] [[lb:Periodesystem vun den Elementer]] [[li:Periodiek systeem vaan elemente]] [[lt:Periodinė elementų lentelė]] [[lv:Ķīmisko elementu periodiskā tabula]] [[mi:Ripanga pūmotu]] [[mk:Периоден систем]] [[ms:Jadual berkala]] [[nds:Periodensysteem]] [[nl:Periodiek systeem]] [[nn:Periodesystemet]] [[no:Periodesystemet]] [[pl:Układ okresowy pierwiastków]] [[pt:Tabela periódica]] [[ro:Tabelul periodic al elementelor]] [[ru:Периодическая система элементов]] [[sh:Periodni sistem elemenata]] [[simple:Periodic table]] [[sk:Periodická tabuľka]] [[sl:Periodni sistem elementov]] [[sr:Периодни систем елемената]] [[su:Tabel periodik]] [[sv:Periodiska systemet]] [[ta:ஆவர்த்தன அட்டவணை]] [[th:ตารางธาตุ]] [[tl:Talaang peryodiko]] [[tr:Periyodik cetvel]] [[uk:Періодична система елементів]] [[vi:Bảng tuần hoàn]] [[wa:Tåvlea periodike des elemints]] [[zh:元素周期表]] [[zh-yue:元素週期表]] 8218 2006-05-23T22:51:00Z Moyogo 11 -remerciement, -titre en français {| style="border:1px solid" align=center cellpadding=10 | <big>'''<center>Etánda ya bileko</center>'''</big> |} {| border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" bordercolor="#FFFFFF" width="80%" align="center" style="margin-bottom: 1.5em" |- | align="center" width="8%"| | align="center" |'''1''' | align="center" |'''2''' | width="2%" align="center" | | align="center" |'''3''' | align="center" |'''4''' | align="center" |'''5''' | align="center" |'''6''' | align="center" |'''7''' | align="center" |'''8''' | align="center" |'''9''' | align="center" |'''10''' | align="center" |'''11''' | align="center" |'''12''' | align="center" |'''13''' | align="center" |'''14''' | align="center" |'''15''' | align="center" |'''16''' | align="center" |'''17''' | align="center" |'''18''' |- | align="center" width="8%"| | align="center" |'''I''' | align="center" |'''II''' | width="2%" align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |'''III''' | align="center" |'''IV''' | align="center" |'''V''' | align="center" |'''VI''' | align="center" |'''VII''' | align="center" |'''VIII''' |- | align="center" width="8%"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''1''' | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|1<br/>[[H]]<br/><font size=1>[[idrojɛ́ní]]</font> | align="center"| | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|2<br/>[[He]]<font size=1><br/>[[eliyúmu]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''2''' | align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666"|3<br/>[[Li]]<br/><font size=1>[[litu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|4<br/>[[Be]]<br/><font size=1>[[belilu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|5<br/>[[B]]<br/><font size=1>[[bolo]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|6<br/>[[C]]<br/><font size=1>[[kaboni]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|7<br/>[[N]]<br/><font size=1>[[azoti]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|8<br/>[[O]]<br/><font size=1>[[oksijɛ́ní]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99"|9<br/>[[F]]<br/><font size=1>[[folina]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|10<br/>[[Ne]]<br/><font size=1>[[neoni]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''3''' | align="center" bgcolor="#ff6666"|11<br/>[[Na]]<br/><font size=1>[[sodu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|12<br/>[[Mg]]<br/><font size=1>[[manezu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|13<br/>[[Al]]<br/><font size=1>[[aluminyu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|14<br/>[[Si]]<br/><font size=1>[[siliki]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|15<br/>[[P]]<br/><font size=1>[[fosofo]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|16<br/>[[S]]<br/><font size=1>[[sufa]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99"|17<br/>[[Cl]]<br/><font size=1>[[koloki]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|18<br/>[[Ar]]<br/><font size=1>[[alago]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''4''' | align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666"|19<br/>[[K]]<br/><font size=1>[[potasu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|20<br/>[[Ca]]<br/><font size=1>[[kalisu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|21<br/>[[Sc]]<br/><font size=1>[[sekandu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|22<br/>[[Ti]]<br/><font size=1>[[titani]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|23<br/>[[V]]<br/><font size=1>[[vanadu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|24<br/>[[Cr]]<br/><font size=1>[[kolomo]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|25<br/>[[Mn]]<br/><font size=1>[[manezu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|26<br/>[[Fe]]<br/><font size=1>[[ebendé]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|27<br/>[[Co]]<br/><font size=1>[[kobalti]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|28<br/>[[Ni]]<br/><font size=1>[[nikɛ́li]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|29<br/>[[Cu]]<br/><font size=1>[[mbengi]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|30<br/>[[Zn]]<br/><font size=1>[[zɛ́nki]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|31<br/>[[Ga]]<br/><font size=1>[[galu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|32<br/>[[Ge]]<br/><font size=1>[[jemani]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|33<br/>[[As]]<br/><font size=1>[[aseni]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|34<br/>[[Se]]<br/><font size=1>[[seleni]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99"|35<br/>[[Br]]<br/><font size=1>[[bomo]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|36<br/>[[Kr]]<br/><font size=1>[[kliptoni]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''5''' | align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666"|37<br/>[[Rb]]<br/><font size=1>[[libidu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|38<br/>[[Sr]]<br/><font size=1>[[sitotu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|39<br/>[[Y]]<br/><font size=1>[[yetibu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|40<br/>[[Zr]]<br/><font size=1>[[zikonu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|41<br/>[[Nb]]<br/><font size=1>[[nobu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|42<br/>[[Mo]]<br/><font size=1>[[modemu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|43<br/>[[Tc]]<br/><font size=1>[[tenetu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|44<br/>[[Ru]]<br/><font size=1>[[lotenu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|45<br/>[[Rh]]<br/><font size=1>[[lodu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|46<br/>[[Pd]]<br/><font size=1>[[paladu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|47<br/>[[Ag]]<br/><font size=1>[[sɛ́ngi]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|48<br/>[[Cd]]<br/><font size=1>[[kademu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|49<br/>[[In]]<br/><font size=1>[[indu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|50<br/>[[Sn]]<br/><font size=1>[[etani]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|51<br/>[[Sb]]<br/><font size=1>[[antimoni]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|52<br/>[[Te]]<br/><font size=1>[[telulu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99"|53<br/>[[I]]<br/><font size=1>[[ide]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|54<br/>[[Xe]]<br/><font size=1>[[zenoni]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''6''' | align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666"|55<br/>[[Cs]]<br/><font size=1>[[kaesu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|56<br/>[[Ba]]<br/><font size=1>[[balu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffbfff"|* | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|71<br/>[[Lu]]<br/><font size=1>[[lutetu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|72<br/>[[Hf]]<br/><font size=1>[[hafenu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|73<br/>[[Ta]]<br/><font size=1>[[tantalu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|74<br/>[[W]]<br/><font size=1>[[tungu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|75<br/>[[Re]]<br/><font size=1>[[lenu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|76<br/>[[Os]]<br/><font size=1>[[osumu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|77<br/>[[Ir]]<br/><font size=1>[[ilidu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|78<br/>[[Pt]]<br/><font size=1>[[palata]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|79<br/>[[Au]]<br/><font size=1>[[wólo]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|80<br/>[[Hg]]<br/><font size=1>[[mekuli]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|81<br/>[[Tl]]<br/><font size=1>[[talu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|82<br/>[[Pb]]<br/><font size=1>[[kubéle]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|83<br/>[[Bi]]<br/><font size=1>[[bisemu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|84<br/>[[Po]]<br/><font size=1>[[polonu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99"|85<br/>[[At]]<br/><font size=1>[[atati]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|86<br/>[[Rn]]<br/><font size=1>[[lado]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''7''' | align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666"|87<br/>[[Fr]]<br/><font size=1>[[fansu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|88<br/>[[Ra]]<br/><font size=1>[[ladu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|** | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|103<br/>[[Lr]]<br/><font size=1>[[laleku]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|104<br/>[[Rf]]<br/><font size=1>[[lotefodu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|105<br/>[[Db]]<br/><font size=1>[[dubenu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|106<br/>[[Sg]]<br/><font size=1>[[seabodu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|107<br/>[[Bh]]<br/><font size=1>[[bohlu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|108<br/>[[Hs]]<br/><font size=1>[[hasu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|109<br/>[[Mt]]<br/><font size=1>[[meitenu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|110<br/>[[Ds]]<br/><font size=1>[[damtadu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|111<br/>[[Rg]]<br/><font size=1>[[luntenu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|112<br/>[[Uub]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununbu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#eceaec"|<font color="#808080">113<br/>[[Uut]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununtrium]]</font></font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|114<br/>[[Uuq]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununkwadu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#eceaec"|<font color="#808080">115<br/>[[Uup]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununpentium]]</font></font> | align="center" bgcolor="#eceaec"|116<br/>[[Uuh]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununeksu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#fcfecc"|<font color="#808080">117<br/>[[Uus]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununseptium]]</font></font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ecfefc"|118<br/>[[Uuo]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununoktu]]?</font> |} NB : les noms suivis d'un point d'interrogation sont des approximations, il faudrait les vérifier auprès de lexicologues et terminologues. Tous les autres proviennent de dictionnaires et autres ouvrages de référence. {| border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" bordercolor="#FFFFFF" align="center" style="margin-bottom:1.5em" |- | width="18%" align="center"|'''<font size=1>[[lanthanide|Lanthanide]]s</font>''' | width="2%" align="center"|* | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|57<br/>[[La]]<br/><font size=1>[[lantanu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|58<br/>[[Ce]]<br/><font size=1>[[selu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|59<br/>[[Pr]]<br/><font size=1>[[padimu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|60<br/>[[Nd]]<br/><font size=1>[[nedimu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|61<br/>[[Pm]]<br/><font size=1>[[pometu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|62<br/>[[Sm]]<br/><font size=1>[[samalu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|63<br/>[[Eu]]<br/><font size=1>[[elopu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|64<br/>[[Gd]]<br/><font size=1>[[gadolinu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|65<br/>[[Tb]]<br/><font size=1>[[telebumu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|66<br/>[[Dy]]<br/><font size=1>[[diposu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|67<br/>[[Ho]]<br/><font size=1>[[olimu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|68<br/>[[Er]]<br/><font size=1>[[ebu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|69<br/>[[Tm]]<br/><font size=1>[[tulu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|70<br/>[[Yb]]<br/><font size=1>[[yetibu]]</font> | align="center"| | align="center"| |- | width="18%" align="center"|'''<font size=1>[[actinide|Actinides]]</font>''' | width="2%" align="center"|** | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|89<br/>[[Ac]]<br/><font size=1>[[atinu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|90<br/>[[Th]]<br/><font size=1>[[tolu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|91<br/>[[Pa]]<br/><font size=1>[[potinu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|92<br/>[[U]]<br/><font size=1>[[ulanu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|93<br/>[[Np]]<br/><font size=1>[[netunu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|94<br/>[[Pu]]<br/><font size=1>[[putonu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|95<br/>[[Am]]<br/><font size=1>[[amelu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|96<br/>[[Cm]]<br/><font size=1>[[kolumu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|97<br/>[[Bk]]<br/><font size=1>[[bekelu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|98<br/>[[Cf]]<br/><font size=1>[[kalifu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|99<br/>[[Es]]<br/><font size=1>[[eselemu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|100<br/>[[Fm]]<br/><font size=1>[[femu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|101<br/>[[Md]]<br/><font size=1>[[mendelu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|102<br/>[[No]]<br/><font size=1>[[nobelu]]</font> | align="center"| | align="center"| |} {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" width="80%" bordercolor="#FFFFFF" align="center" |+ Séries chimiques du tableau périodique |- | bgcolor="#FF6666" align="center"|[[métal alcalin|métaux alcalins]] | bgcolor="#FFDEAD" align="center"|[[métal alcalino-terreux|métaux alcalino-terreux]] | bgcolor="#ffbfff" align="center"|[[lanthanide]]s | bgcolor="#ff99cc" align="center"|[[actinide]]s | bgcolor="#ffc0c0" align="center"|[[métal de transition|métaux de transition]] |- | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"|[[métal pauvre|métaux pauvres]] | bgcolor="#CCCC99" align="center"|[[métalloïde]]s | bgcolor="#a0ffa0" align="center"|[[likɛ́lɛ tɛ́|makɛ́lɛ tɛ́]] <br/><small>(non-métaux)</small> | bgcolor="#ffff99" align="center"|[[halogène]]s | bgcolor="#c0ffff" align="center"|[[gaz rare]]s |} '''NB : à traduire''' [[category:Kémi]] [[af:Periodieke tabel]] [[als:Periodensystem]] [[ar:جدول دوري]] [[ast:Tabla periódica]] [[be:Перыядычная сістэма элементаў]] [[bg:Периодична таблица]] [[br:Taolenn beriodek an elfennoù]] [[bs:Periodni sistem elemenata]] [[ca:Taula periòdica]] [[cs:Periodická tabulka]] [[cy:Tabl Cyfnodol]] [[da:Det periodiske system]] [[de:Periodensystem]] [[el:Περιοδικός πίνακας των χημικών στοιχείων]] [[en:Periodic table]] [[eo:Perioda tabelo]] [[es:Tabla periódica de los elementos]] [[et:Keemiliste elementide perioodilisussüsteem]] [[eu:Elementuen sailkapen periodiko]] [[fa:جدول تناوبی (استاندارد)]] [[fi:Alkuaineiden jaksollinen järjestelmä]] [[fo:Skeiðbundna skipanin]] [[fr:tableau périodique des éléments]] [[fur:Tabele periodiche]] [[ga:Tábla peiriadach]] [[gl:Táboa periódica dos elementos]] [[gu:આવર્ત કોષ્ટક]] [[he:הטבלה המחזורית]] [[hr:Periodni sustav elemenata]] [[hu:Periódusos rendszer]] [[ia:Tabella periodic del elementos]] [[id:Tabel periodik]] [[io:Periodala tabelo dil elementaro]] [[is:Lotukerfið]] [[it:Tavola periodica]] [[ja:周期表]] [[ka:ქიმიურ ელემენტთა პერიოდული სისტემა]] [[ko:주기율표]] [[ku:Tabloya periyodîk a elementan]] [[la:Systema Periodicum]] [[lb:Periodesystem vun den Elementer]] [[li:Periodiek systeem vaan elemente]] [[lt:Periodinė elementų lentelė]] [[lv:Ķīmisko elementu periodiskā tabula]] [[mi:Ripanga pūmotu]] [[mk:Периоден систем]] [[ms:Jadual berkala]] [[nds:Periodensysteem]] [[nl:Periodiek systeem]] [[nn:Periodesystemet]] [[no:Periodesystemet]] [[pl:Układ okresowy pierwiastków]] [[pt:Tabela periódica]] [[ro:Tabelul periodic al elementelor]] [[ru:Периодическая система элементов]] [[sh:Periodni sistem elemenata]] [[simple:Periodic table]] [[sk:Periodická tabuľka]] [[sl:Periodni sistem elementov]] [[sr:Периодни систем елемената]] [[su:Tabel periodik]] [[sv:Periodiska systemet]] [[ta:ஆவர்த்தன அட்டவணை]] [[th:ตารางธาตุ]] [[tl:Talaang peryodiko]] [[tr:Periyodik cetvel]] [[uk:Періодична система елементів]] [[vi:Bảng tuần hoàn]] [[wa:Tåvlea periodike des elemints]] [[zh:元素周期表]] [[zh-yue:元素週期表]] 8220 2006-05-23T22:51:33Z Moyogo 11 [[Tableau périodique]] moved to [[Etánda ya bileko]] {| style="border:1px solid" align=center cellpadding=10 | <big>'''<center>Etánda ya bileko</center>'''</big> |} {| border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" bordercolor="#FFFFFF" width="80%" align="center" style="margin-bottom: 1.5em" |- | align="center" width="8%"| | align="center" |'''1''' | align="center" |'''2''' | width="2%" align="center" | | align="center" |'''3''' | align="center" |'''4''' | align="center" |'''5''' | align="center" |'''6''' | align="center" |'''7''' | align="center" |'''8''' | align="center" |'''9''' | align="center" |'''10''' | align="center" |'''11''' | align="center" |'''12''' | align="center" |'''13''' | align="center" |'''14''' | align="center" |'''15''' | align="center" |'''16''' | align="center" |'''17''' | align="center" |'''18''' |- | align="center" width="8%"| | align="center" |'''I''' | align="center" |'''II''' | width="2%" align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |'''III''' | align="center" |'''IV''' | align="center" |'''V''' | align="center" |'''VI''' | align="center" |'''VII''' | align="center" |'''VIII''' |- | align="center" width="8%"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''1''' | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|1<br/>[[H]]<br/><font size=1>[[idrojɛ́ní]]</font> | align="center"| | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|2<br/>[[He]]<font size=1><br/>[[eliyúmu]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''2''' | align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666"|3<br/>[[Li]]<br/><font size=1>[[litu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|4<br/>[[Be]]<br/><font size=1>[[belilu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|5<br/>[[B]]<br/><font size=1>[[bolo]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|6<br/>[[C]]<br/><font size=1>[[kaboni]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|7<br/>[[N]]<br/><font size=1>[[azoti]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|8<br/>[[O]]<br/><font size=1>[[oksijɛ́ní]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99"|9<br/>[[F]]<br/><font size=1>[[folina]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|10<br/>[[Ne]]<br/><font size=1>[[neoni]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''3''' | align="center" bgcolor="#ff6666"|11<br/>[[Na]]<br/><font size=1>[[sodu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|12<br/>[[Mg]]<br/><font size=1>[[manezu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|13<br/>[[Al]]<br/><font size=1>[[aluminyu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|14<br/>[[Si]]<br/><font size=1>[[siliki]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|15<br/>[[P]]<br/><font size=1>[[fosofo]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|16<br/>[[S]]<br/><font size=1>[[sufa]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99"|17<br/>[[Cl]]<br/><font size=1>[[koloki]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|18<br/>[[Ar]]<br/><font size=1>[[alago]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''4''' | align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666"|19<br/>[[K]]<br/><font size=1>[[potasu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|20<br/>[[Ca]]<br/><font size=1>[[kalisu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|21<br/>[[Sc]]<br/><font size=1>[[sekandu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|22<br/>[[Ti]]<br/><font size=1>[[titani]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|23<br/>[[V]]<br/><font size=1>[[vanadu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|24<br/>[[Cr]]<br/><font size=1>[[kolomo]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|25<br/>[[Mn]]<br/><font size=1>[[manezu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|26<br/>[[Fe]]<br/><font size=1>[[ebendé]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|27<br/>[[Co]]<br/><font size=1>[[kobalti]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|28<br/>[[Ni]]<br/><font size=1>[[nikɛ́li]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|29<br/>[[Cu]]<br/><font size=1>[[mbengi]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|30<br/>[[Zn]]<br/><font size=1>[[zɛ́nki]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|31<br/>[[Ga]]<br/><font size=1>[[galu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|32<br/>[[Ge]]<br/><font size=1>[[jemani]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|33<br/>[[As]]<br/><font size=1>[[aseni]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|34<br/>[[Se]]<br/><font size=1>[[seleni]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99"|35<br/>[[Br]]<br/><font size=1>[[bomo]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|36<br/>[[Kr]]<br/><font size=1>[[kliptoni]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''5''' | align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666"|37<br/>[[Rb]]<br/><font size=1>[[libidu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|38<br/>[[Sr]]<br/><font size=1>[[sitotu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|39<br/>[[Y]]<br/><font size=1>[[yetibu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|40<br/>[[Zr]]<br/><font size=1>[[zikonu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|41<br/>[[Nb]]<br/><font size=1>[[nobu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|42<br/>[[Mo]]<br/><font size=1>[[modemu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|43<br/>[[Tc]]<br/><font size=1>[[tenetu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|44<br/>[[Ru]]<br/><font size=1>[[lotenu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|45<br/>[[Rh]]<br/><font size=1>[[lodu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|46<br/>[[Pd]]<br/><font size=1>[[paladu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|47<br/>[[Ag]]<br/><font size=1>[[sɛ́ngi]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|48<br/>[[Cd]]<br/><font size=1>[[kademu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|49<br/>[[In]]<br/><font size=1>[[indu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|50<br/>[[Sn]]<br/><font size=1>[[etani]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|51<br/>[[Sb]]<br/><font size=1>[[antimoni]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|52<br/>[[Te]]<br/><font size=1>[[telulu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99"|53<br/>[[I]]<br/><font size=1>[[ide]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|54<br/>[[Xe]]<br/><font size=1>[[zenoni]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''6''' | align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666"|55<br/>[[Cs]]<br/><font size=1>[[kaesu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|56<br/>[[Ba]]<br/><font size=1>[[balu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffbfff"|* | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|71<br/>[[Lu]]<br/><font size=1>[[lutetu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|72<br/>[[Hf]]<br/><font size=1>[[hafenu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|73<br/>[[Ta]]<br/><font size=1>[[tantalu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|74<br/>[[W]]<br/><font size=1>[[tungu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|75<br/>[[Re]]<br/><font size=1>[[lenu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|76<br/>[[Os]]<br/><font size=1>[[osumu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|77<br/>[[Ir]]<br/><font size=1>[[ilidu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|78<br/>[[Pt]]<br/><font size=1>[[palata]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|79<br/>[[Au]]<br/><font size=1>[[wólo]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|80<br/>[[Hg]]<br/><font size=1>[[mekuli]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|81<br/>[[Tl]]<br/><font size=1>[[talu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|82<br/>[[Pb]]<br/><font size=1>[[kubéle]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|83<br/>[[Bi]]<br/><font size=1>[[bisemu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|84<br/>[[Po]]<br/><font size=1>[[polonu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99"|85<br/>[[At]]<br/><font size=1>[[atati]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|86<br/>[[Rn]]<br/><font size=1>[[lado]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''7''' | align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666"|87<br/>[[Fr]]<br/><font size=1>[[fansu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|88<br/>[[Ra]]<br/><font size=1>[[ladu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|** | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|103<br/>[[Lr]]<br/><font size=1>[[laleku]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|104<br/>[[Rf]]<br/><font size=1>[[lotefodu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|105<br/>[[Db]]<br/><font size=1>[[dubenu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|106<br/>[[Sg]]<br/><font size=1>[[seabodu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|107<br/>[[Bh]]<br/><font size=1>[[bohlu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|108<br/>[[Hs]]<br/><font size=1>[[hasu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|109<br/>[[Mt]]<br/><font size=1>[[meitenu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|110<br/>[[Ds]]<br/><font size=1>[[damtadu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|111<br/>[[Rg]]<br/><font size=1>[[luntenu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|112<br/>[[Uub]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununbu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#eceaec"|<font color="#808080">113<br/>[[Uut]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununtrium]]</font></font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|114<br/>[[Uuq]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununkwadu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#eceaec"|<font color="#808080">115<br/>[[Uup]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununpentium]]</font></font> | align="center" bgcolor="#eceaec"|116<br/>[[Uuh]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununeksu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#fcfecc"|<font color="#808080">117<br/>[[Uus]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununseptium]]</font></font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ecfefc"|118<br/>[[Uuo]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununoktu]]?</font> |} NB : les noms suivis d'un point d'interrogation sont des approximations, il faudrait les vérifier auprès de lexicologues et terminologues. Tous les autres proviennent de dictionnaires et autres ouvrages de référence. {| border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" bordercolor="#FFFFFF" align="center" style="margin-bottom:1.5em" |- | width="18%" align="center"|'''<font size=1>[[lanthanide|Lanthanide]]s</font>''' | width="2%" align="center"|* | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|57<br/>[[La]]<br/><font size=1>[[lantanu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|58<br/>[[Ce]]<br/><font size=1>[[selu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|59<br/>[[Pr]]<br/><font size=1>[[padimu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|60<br/>[[Nd]]<br/><font size=1>[[nedimu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|61<br/>[[Pm]]<br/><font size=1>[[pometu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|62<br/>[[Sm]]<br/><font size=1>[[samalu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|63<br/>[[Eu]]<br/><font size=1>[[elopu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|64<br/>[[Gd]]<br/><font size=1>[[gadolinu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|65<br/>[[Tb]]<br/><font size=1>[[telebumu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|66<br/>[[Dy]]<br/><font size=1>[[diposu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|67<br/>[[Ho]]<br/><font size=1>[[olimu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|68<br/>[[Er]]<br/><font size=1>[[ebu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|69<br/>[[Tm]]<br/><font size=1>[[tulu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|70<br/>[[Yb]]<br/><font size=1>[[yetibu]]</font> | align="center"| | align="center"| |- | width="18%" align="center"|'''<font size=1>[[actinide|Actinides]]</font>''' | width="2%" align="center"|** | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|89<br/>[[Ac]]<br/><font size=1>[[atinu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|90<br/>[[Th]]<br/><font size=1>[[tolu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|91<br/>[[Pa]]<br/><font size=1>[[potinu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|92<br/>[[U]]<br/><font size=1>[[ulanu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|93<br/>[[Np]]<br/><font size=1>[[netunu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|94<br/>[[Pu]]<br/><font size=1>[[putonu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|95<br/>[[Am]]<br/><font size=1>[[amelu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|96<br/>[[Cm]]<br/><font size=1>[[kolumu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|97<br/>[[Bk]]<br/><font size=1>[[bekelu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|98<br/>[[Cf]]<br/><font size=1>[[kalifu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|99<br/>[[Es]]<br/><font size=1>[[eselemu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|100<br/>[[Fm]]<br/><font size=1>[[femu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|101<br/>[[Md]]<br/><font size=1>[[mendelu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|102<br/>[[No]]<br/><font size=1>[[nobelu]]</font> | align="center"| | align="center"| |} {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" width="80%" bordercolor="#FFFFFF" align="center" |+ Séries chimiques du tableau périodique |- | bgcolor="#FF6666" align="center"|[[métal alcalin|métaux alcalins]] | bgcolor="#FFDEAD" align="center"|[[métal alcalino-terreux|métaux alcalino-terreux]] | bgcolor="#ffbfff" align="center"|[[lanthanide]]s | bgcolor="#ff99cc" align="center"|[[actinide]]s | bgcolor="#ffc0c0" align="center"|[[métal de transition|métaux de transition]] |- | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"|[[métal pauvre|métaux pauvres]] | bgcolor="#CCCC99" align="center"|[[métalloïde]]s | bgcolor="#a0ffa0" align="center"|[[likɛ́lɛ tɛ́|makɛ́lɛ tɛ́]] <br/><small>(non-métaux)</small> | bgcolor="#ffff99" align="center"|[[halogène]]s | bgcolor="#c0ffff" align="center"|[[gaz rare]]s |} '''NB : à traduire''' [[category:Kémi]] [[af:Periodieke tabel]] [[als:Periodensystem]] [[ar:جدول دوري]] [[ast:Tabla periódica]] [[be:Перыядычная сістэма элементаў]] [[bg:Периодична таблица]] [[br:Taolenn beriodek an elfennoù]] [[bs:Periodni sistem elemenata]] [[ca:Taula periòdica]] [[cs:Periodická tabulka]] [[cy:Tabl Cyfnodol]] [[da:Det periodiske system]] [[de:Periodensystem]] [[el:Περιοδικός πίνακας των χημικών στοιχείων]] [[en:Periodic table]] [[eo:Perioda tabelo]] [[es:Tabla periódica de los elementos]] [[et:Keemiliste elementide perioodilisussüsteem]] [[eu:Elementuen sailkapen periodiko]] [[fa:جدول تناوبی (استاندارد)]] [[fi:Alkuaineiden jaksollinen järjestelmä]] [[fo:Skeiðbundna skipanin]] [[fr:tableau périodique des éléments]] [[fur:Tabele periodiche]] [[ga:Tábla peiriadach]] [[gl:Táboa periódica dos elementos]] [[gu:આવર્ત કોષ્ટક]] [[he:הטבלה המחזורית]] [[hr:Periodni sustav elemenata]] [[hu:Periódusos rendszer]] [[ia:Tabella periodic del elementos]] [[id:Tabel periodik]] [[io:Periodala tabelo dil elementaro]] [[is:Lotukerfið]] [[it:Tavola periodica]] [[ja:周期表]] [[ka:ქიმიურ ელემენტთა პერიოდული სისტემა]] [[ko:주기율표]] [[ku:Tabloya periyodîk a elementan]] [[la:Systema Periodicum]] [[lb:Periodesystem vun den Elementer]] [[li:Periodiek systeem vaan elemente]] [[lt:Periodinė elementų lentelė]] [[lv:Ķīmisko elementu periodiskā tabula]] [[mi:Ripanga pūmotu]] [[mk:Периоден систем]] [[ms:Jadual berkala]] [[nds:Periodensysteem]] [[nl:Periodiek systeem]] [[nn:Periodesystemet]] [[no:Periodesystemet]] [[pl:Układ okresowy pierwiastków]] [[pt:Tabela periódica]] [[ro:Tabelul periodic al elementelor]] [[ru:Периодическая система элементов]] [[sh:Periodni sistem elemenata]] [[simple:Periodic table]] [[sk:Periodická tabuľka]] [[sl:Periodni sistem elementov]] [[sr:Периодни систем елемената]] [[su:Tabel periodik]] [[sv:Periodiska systemet]] [[ta:ஆவர்த்தன அட்டவணை]] [[th:ตารางธาตุ]] [[tl:Talaang peryodiko]] [[tr:Periyodik cetvel]] [[uk:Періодична система елементів]] [[vi:Bảng tuần hoàn]] [[wa:Tåvlea periodike des elemints]] [[zh:元素周期表]] [[zh-yue:元素週期表]] 9039 2006-08-02T06:08:19Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: bn, ug Modifie: bg, da {| style="border:1px solid" align=center cellpadding=10 | <big>'''<center>Etánda ya bileko</center>'''</big> |} {| border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" bordercolor="#FFFFFF" width="80%" align="center" style="margin-bottom: 1.5em" |- | align="center" width="8%"| | align="center" |'''1''' | align="center" |'''2''' | width="2%" align="center" | | align="center" |'''3''' | align="center" |'''4''' | align="center" |'''5''' | align="center" |'''6''' | align="center" |'''7''' | align="center" |'''8''' | align="center" |'''9''' | align="center" |'''10''' | align="center" |'''11''' | align="center" |'''12''' | align="center" |'''13''' | align="center" |'''14''' | align="center" |'''15''' | align="center" |'''16''' | align="center" |'''17''' | align="center" |'''18''' |- | align="center" width="8%"| | align="center" |'''I''' | align="center" |'''II''' | width="2%" align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |'''III''' | align="center" |'''IV''' | align="center" |'''V''' | align="center" |'''VI''' | align="center" |'''VII''' | align="center" |'''VIII''' |- | align="center" width="8%"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''1''' | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|1<br/>[[H]]<br/><font size=1>[[idrojɛ́ní]]</font> | align="center"| | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|2<br/>[[He]]<font size=1><br/>[[eliyúmu]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''2''' | align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666"|3<br/>[[Li]]<br/><font size=1>[[litu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|4<br/>[[Be]]<br/><font size=1>[[belilu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|5<br/>[[B]]<br/><font size=1>[[bolo]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|6<br/>[[C]]<br/><font size=1>[[kaboni]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|7<br/>[[N]]<br/><font size=1>[[azoti]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|8<br/>[[O]]<br/><font size=1>[[oksijɛ́ní]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99"|9<br/>[[F]]<br/><font size=1>[[folina]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|10<br/>[[Ne]]<br/><font size=1>[[neoni]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''3''' | align="center" bgcolor="#ff6666"|11<br/>[[Na]]<br/><font size=1>[[sodu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|12<br/>[[Mg]]<br/><font size=1>[[manezu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|13<br/>[[Al]]<br/><font size=1>[[aluminyu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|14<br/>[[Si]]<br/><font size=1>[[siliki]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|15<br/>[[P]]<br/><font size=1>[[fosofo]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|16<br/>[[S]]<br/><font size=1>[[sufa]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99"|17<br/>[[Cl]]<br/><font size=1>[[koloki]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|18<br/>[[Ar]]<br/><font size=1>[[alago]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''4''' | align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666"|19<br/>[[K]]<br/><font size=1>[[potasu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|20<br/>[[Ca]]<br/><font size=1>[[kalisu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|21<br/>[[Sc]]<br/><font size=1>[[sekandu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|22<br/>[[Ti]]<br/><font size=1>[[titani]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|23<br/>[[V]]<br/><font size=1>[[vanadu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|24<br/>[[Cr]]<br/><font size=1>[[kolomo]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|25<br/>[[Mn]]<br/><font size=1>[[manezu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|26<br/>[[Fe]]<br/><font size=1>[[ebendé]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|27<br/>[[Co]]<br/><font size=1>[[kobalti]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|28<br/>[[Ni]]<br/><font size=1>[[nikɛ́li]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|29<br/>[[Cu]]<br/><font size=1>[[mbengi]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|30<br/>[[Zn]]<br/><font size=1>[[zɛ́nki]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|31<br/>[[Ga]]<br/><font size=1>[[galu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|32<br/>[[Ge]]<br/><font size=1>[[jemani]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|33<br/>[[As]]<br/><font size=1>[[aseni]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|34<br/>[[Se]]<br/><font size=1>[[seleni]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99"|35<br/>[[Br]]<br/><font size=1>[[bomo]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|36<br/>[[Kr]]<br/><font size=1>[[kliptoni]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''5''' | align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666"|37<br/>[[Rb]]<br/><font size=1>[[libidu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|38<br/>[[Sr]]<br/><font size=1>[[sitotu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|39<br/>[[Y]]<br/><font size=1>[[yetibu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|40<br/>[[Zr]]<br/><font size=1>[[zikonu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|41<br/>[[Nb]]<br/><font size=1>[[nobu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|42<br/>[[Mo]]<br/><font size=1>[[modemu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|43<br/>[[Tc]]<br/><font size=1>[[tenetu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|44<br/>[[Ru]]<br/><font size=1>[[lotenu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|45<br/>[[Rh]]<br/><font size=1>[[lodu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|46<br/>[[Pd]]<br/><font size=1>[[paladu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|47<br/>[[Ag]]<br/><font size=1>[[sɛ́ngi]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|48<br/>[[Cd]]<br/><font size=1>[[kademu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|49<br/>[[In]]<br/><font size=1>[[indu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|50<br/>[[Sn]]<br/><font size=1>[[etani]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|51<br/>[[Sb]]<br/><font size=1>[[antimoni]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|52<br/>[[Te]]<br/><font size=1>[[telulu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99"|53<br/>[[I]]<br/><font size=1>[[ide]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|54<br/>[[Xe]]<br/><font size=1>[[zenoni]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''6''' | align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666"|55<br/>[[Cs]]<br/><font size=1>[[kaesu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|56<br/>[[Ba]]<br/><font size=1>[[balu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffbfff"|* | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|71<br/>[[Lu]]<br/><font size=1>[[lutetu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|72<br/>[[Hf]]<br/><font size=1>[[hafenu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|73<br/>[[Ta]]<br/><font size=1>[[tantalu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|74<br/>[[W]]<br/><font size=1>[[tungu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|75<br/>[[Re]]<br/><font size=1>[[lenu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|76<br/>[[Os]]<br/><font size=1>[[osumu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|77<br/>[[Ir]]<br/><font size=1>[[ilidu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|78<br/>[[Pt]]<br/><font size=1>[[palata]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|79<br/>[[Au]]<br/><font size=1>[[wólo]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|80<br/>[[Hg]]<br/><font size=1>[[mekuli]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|81<br/>[[Tl]]<br/><font size=1>[[talu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|82<br/>[[Pb]]<br/><font size=1>[[kubéle]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|83<br/>[[Bi]]<br/><font size=1>[[bisemu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|84<br/>[[Po]]<br/><font size=1>[[polonu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99"|85<br/>[[At]]<br/><font size=1>[[atati]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|86<br/>[[Rn]]<br/><font size=1>[[lado]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''7''' | align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666"|87<br/>[[Fr]]<br/><font size=1>[[fansu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|88<br/>[[Ra]]<br/><font size=1>[[ladu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|** | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|103<br/>[[Lr]]<br/><font size=1>[[laleku]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|104<br/>[[Rf]]<br/><font size=1>[[lotefodu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|105<br/>[[Db]]<br/><font size=1>[[dubenu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|106<br/>[[Sg]]<br/><font size=1>[[seabodu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|107<br/>[[Bh]]<br/><font size=1>[[bohlu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|108<br/>[[Hs]]<br/><font size=1>[[hasu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|109<br/>[[Mt]]<br/><font size=1>[[meitenu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|110<br/>[[Ds]]<br/><font size=1>[[damtadu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|111<br/>[[Rg]]<br/><font size=1>[[luntenu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|112<br/>[[Uub]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununbu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#eceaec"|<font color="#808080">113<br/>[[Uut]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununtrium]]</font></font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|114<br/>[[Uuq]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununkwadu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#eceaec"|<font color="#808080">115<br/>[[Uup]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununpentium]]</font></font> | align="center" bgcolor="#eceaec"|116<br/>[[Uuh]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununeksu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#fcfecc"|<font color="#808080">117<br/>[[Uus]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununseptium]]</font></font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ecfefc"|118<br/>[[Uuo]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununoktu]]?</font> |} NB : les noms suivis d'un point d'interrogation sont des approximations, il faudrait les vérifier auprès de lexicologues et terminologues. Tous les autres proviennent de dictionnaires et autres ouvrages de référence. {| border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" bordercolor="#FFFFFF" align="center" style="margin-bottom:1.5em" |- | width="18%" align="center"|'''<font size=1>[[lanthanide|Lanthanide]]s</font>''' | width="2%" align="center"|* | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|57<br/>[[La]]<br/><font size=1>[[lantanu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|58<br/>[[Ce]]<br/><font size=1>[[selu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|59<br/>[[Pr]]<br/><font size=1>[[padimu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|60<br/>[[Nd]]<br/><font size=1>[[nedimu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|61<br/>[[Pm]]<br/><font size=1>[[pometu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|62<br/>[[Sm]]<br/><font size=1>[[samalu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|63<br/>[[Eu]]<br/><font size=1>[[elopu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|64<br/>[[Gd]]<br/><font size=1>[[gadolinu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|65<br/>[[Tb]]<br/><font size=1>[[telebumu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|66<br/>[[Dy]]<br/><font size=1>[[diposu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|67<br/>[[Ho]]<br/><font size=1>[[olimu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|68<br/>[[Er]]<br/><font size=1>[[ebu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|69<br/>[[Tm]]<br/><font size=1>[[tulu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|70<br/>[[Yb]]<br/><font size=1>[[yetibu]]</font> | align="center"| | align="center"| |- | width="18%" align="center"|'''<font size=1>[[actinide|Actinides]]</font>''' | width="2%" align="center"|** | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|89<br/>[[Ac]]<br/><font size=1>[[atinu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|90<br/>[[Th]]<br/><font size=1>[[tolu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|91<br/>[[Pa]]<br/><font size=1>[[potinu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|92<br/>[[U]]<br/><font size=1>[[ulanu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|93<br/>[[Np]]<br/><font size=1>[[netunu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|94<br/>[[Pu]]<br/><font size=1>[[putonu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|95<br/>[[Am]]<br/><font size=1>[[amelu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|96<br/>[[Cm]]<br/><font size=1>[[kolumu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|97<br/>[[Bk]]<br/><font size=1>[[bekelu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|98<br/>[[Cf]]<br/><font size=1>[[kalifu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|99<br/>[[Es]]<br/><font size=1>[[eselemu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|100<br/>[[Fm]]<br/><font size=1>[[femu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|101<br/>[[Md]]<br/><font size=1>[[mendelu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|102<br/>[[No]]<br/><font size=1>[[nobelu]]</font> | align="center"| | align="center"| |} {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" width="80%" bordercolor="#FFFFFF" align="center" |+ Séries chimiques du tableau périodique |- | bgcolor="#FF6666" align="center"|[[métal alcalin|métaux alcalins]] | bgcolor="#FFDEAD" align="center"|[[métal alcalino-terreux|métaux alcalino-terreux]] | bgcolor="#ffbfff" align="center"|[[lanthanide]]s | bgcolor="#ff99cc" align="center"|[[actinide]]s | bgcolor="#ffc0c0" align="center"|[[métal de transition|métaux de transition]] |- | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"|[[métal pauvre|métaux pauvres]] | bgcolor="#CCCC99" align="center"|[[métalloïde]]s | bgcolor="#a0ffa0" align="center"|[[likɛ́lɛ tɛ́|makɛ́lɛ tɛ́]] <br/><small>(non-métaux)</small> | bgcolor="#ffff99" align="center"|[[halogène]]s | bgcolor="#c0ffff" align="center"|[[gaz rare]]s |} '''NB : à traduire''' [[category:Kémi]] [[af:Periodieke tabel]] [[als:Periodensystem]] [[ar:جدول دوري]] [[ast:Tabla periódica]] [[be:Перыядычная сістэма элементаў]] [[bg:Периодична система на елементите]] [[bn:পর্যায় সারণী]] [[br:Taolenn beriodek an elfennoù]] [[bs:Periodni sistem elemenata]] [[ca:Taula periòdica]] [[cs:Periodická tabulka]] [[cy:Tabl Cyfnodol]] [[da:Periodiske system]] [[de:Periodensystem]] [[el:Περιοδικός πίνακας των χημικών στοιχείων]] [[en:Periodic table]] [[eo:Perioda tabelo]] [[es:Tabla periódica de los elementos]] [[et:Keemiliste elementide perioodilisussüsteem]] [[eu:Elementuen sailkapen periodiko]] [[fa:جدول تناوبی (استاندارد)]] [[fi:Alkuaineiden jaksollinen järjestelmä]] [[fo:Skeiðbundna skipanin]] [[fr:Tableau périodique des éléments]] [[fur:Tabele periodiche]] [[ga:Tábla peiriadach]] [[gl:Táboa periódica dos elementos]] [[gu:આવર્ત કોષ્ટક]] [[he:הטבלה המחזורית]] [[hr:Periodni sustav elemenata]] [[hu:Periódusos rendszer]] [[ia:Tabella periodic del elementos]] [[id:Tabel periodik]] [[io:Periodala tabelo dil elementaro]] [[is:Lotukerfið]] [[it:Tavola periodica]] [[ja:周期表]] [[ka:ქიმიურ ელემენტთა პერიოდული სისტემა]] [[ko:주기율표]] [[ku:Tabloya periyodîk a elementan]] [[la:Systema Periodicum]] [[lb:Periodesystem vun den Elementer]] [[li:Periodiek systeem vaan elemente]] [[lt:Periodinė elementų lentelė]] [[lv:Ķīmisko elementu periodiskā tabula]] [[mi:Ripanga pūmotu]] [[mk:Периоден систем]] [[ms:Jadual berkala]] [[nds:Periodensysteem]] [[nl:Periodiek systeem]] [[nn:Periodesystemet]] [[no:Periodesystemet]] [[pl:Układ okresowy pierwiastków]] [[pt:Tabela periódica]] [[ro:Tabelul periodic al elementelor]] [[ru:Периодическая система элементов]] [[sh:Periodni sistem elemenata]] [[simple:Periodic table]] [[sk:Periodická tabuľka]] [[sl:Periodni sistem elementov]] [[sr:Периодни систем елемената]] [[su:Tabel periodik]] [[sv:Periodiska systemet]] [[ta:ஆவர்த்தன அட்டவணை]] [[th:ตารางธาตุ]] [[tl:Talaang peryodiko]] [[tr:Periyodik cetvel]] [[ug:ئېلېمېنتلار دەۋرى جەدۋىلى]] [[uk:Періодична система елементів]] [[vi:Bảng tuần hoàn]] [[wa:Tåvlea periodike des elemints]] [[zh:元素周期表]] [[zh-yue:元素週期表]] 9509 2006-10-17T02:08:36Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: hy, lmo, tg, uz Modifie: eu, fi {| style="border:1px solid" align=center cellpadding=10 | <big>'''<center>Etánda ya bileko</center>'''</big> |} {| border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" bordercolor="#FFFFFF" width="80%" align="center" style="margin-bottom: 1.5em" |- | align="center" width="8%"| | align="center" |'''1''' | align="center" |'''2''' | width="2%" align="center" | | align="center" |'''3''' | align="center" |'''4''' | align="center" |'''5''' | align="center" |'''6''' | align="center" |'''7''' | align="center" |'''8''' | align="center" |'''9''' | align="center" |'''10''' | align="center" |'''11''' | align="center" |'''12''' | align="center" |'''13''' | align="center" |'''14''' | align="center" |'''15''' | align="center" |'''16''' | align="center" |'''17''' | align="center" |'''18''' |- | align="center" width="8%"| | align="center" |'''I''' | align="center" |'''II''' | width="2%" align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |'''III''' | align="center" |'''IV''' | align="center" |'''V''' | align="center" |'''VI''' | align="center" |'''VII''' | align="center" |'''VIII''' |- | align="center" width="8%"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''1''' | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|1<br/>[[H]]<br/><font size=1>[[idrojɛ́ní]]</font> | align="center"| | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|2<br/>[[He]]<font size=1><br/>[[eliyúmu]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''2''' | align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666"|3<br/>[[Li]]<br/><font size=1>[[litu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|4<br/>[[Be]]<br/><font size=1>[[belilu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|5<br/>[[B]]<br/><font size=1>[[bolo]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|6<br/>[[C]]<br/><font size=1>[[kaboni]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|7<br/>[[N]]<br/><font size=1>[[azoti]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|8<br/>[[O]]<br/><font size=1>[[oksijɛ́ní]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99"|9<br/>[[F]]<br/><font size=1>[[folina]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|10<br/>[[Ne]]<br/><font size=1>[[neoni]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''3''' | align="center" bgcolor="#ff6666"|11<br/>[[Na]]<br/><font size=1>[[sodu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|12<br/>[[Mg]]<br/><font size=1>[[manezu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|13<br/>[[Al]]<br/><font size=1>[[aluminyu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|14<br/>[[Si]]<br/><font size=1>[[siliki]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|15<br/>[[P]]<br/><font size=1>[[fosofo]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|16<br/>[[S]]<br/><font size=1>[[sufa]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99"|17<br/>[[Cl]]<br/><font size=1>[[koloki]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|18<br/>[[Ar]]<br/><font size=1>[[alago]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''4''' | align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666"|19<br/>[[K]]<br/><font size=1>[[potasu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|20<br/>[[Ca]]<br/><font size=1>[[kalisu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|21<br/>[[Sc]]<br/><font size=1>[[sekandu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|22<br/>[[Ti]]<br/><font size=1>[[titani]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|23<br/>[[V]]<br/><font size=1>[[vanadu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|24<br/>[[Cr]]<br/><font size=1>[[kolomo]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|25<br/>[[Mn]]<br/><font size=1>[[manezu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|26<br/>[[Fe]]<br/><font size=1>[[ebendé]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|27<br/>[[Co]]<br/><font size=1>[[kobalti]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|28<br/>[[Ni]]<br/><font size=1>[[nikɛ́li]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|29<br/>[[Cu]]<br/><font size=1>[[mbengi]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|30<br/>[[Zn]]<br/><font size=1>[[zɛ́nki]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|31<br/>[[Ga]]<br/><font size=1>[[galu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|32<br/>[[Ge]]<br/><font size=1>[[jemani]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|33<br/>[[As]]<br/><font size=1>[[aseni]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|34<br/>[[Se]]<br/><font size=1>[[seleni]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99"|35<br/>[[Br]]<br/><font size=1>[[bomo]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|36<br/>[[Kr]]<br/><font size=1>[[kliptoni]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''5''' | align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666"|37<br/>[[Rb]]<br/><font size=1>[[libidu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|38<br/>[[Sr]]<br/><font size=1>[[sitotu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|39<br/>[[Y]]<br/><font size=1>[[yetibu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|40<br/>[[Zr]]<br/><font size=1>[[zikonu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|41<br/>[[Nb]]<br/><font size=1>[[nobu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|42<br/>[[Mo]]<br/><font size=1>[[modemu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|43<br/>[[Tc]]<br/><font size=1>[[tenetu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|44<br/>[[Ru]]<br/><font size=1>[[lotenu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|45<br/>[[Rh]]<br/><font size=1>[[lodu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|46<br/>[[Pd]]<br/><font size=1>[[paladu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|47<br/>[[Ag]]<br/><font size=1>[[sɛ́ngi]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|48<br/>[[Cd]]<br/><font size=1>[[kademu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|49<br/>[[In]]<br/><font size=1>[[indu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|50<br/>[[Sn]]<br/><font size=1>[[etani]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|51<br/>[[Sb]]<br/><font size=1>[[antimoni]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|52<br/>[[Te]]<br/><font size=1>[[telulu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99"|53<br/>[[I]]<br/><font size=1>[[ide]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|54<br/>[[Xe]]<br/><font size=1>[[zenoni]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''6''' | align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666"|55<br/>[[Cs]]<br/><font size=1>[[kaesu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|56<br/>[[Ba]]<br/><font size=1>[[balu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffbfff"|* | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|71<br/>[[Lu]]<br/><font size=1>[[lutetu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|72<br/>[[Hf]]<br/><font size=1>[[hafenu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|73<br/>[[Ta]]<br/><font size=1>[[tantalu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|74<br/>[[W]]<br/><font size=1>[[tungu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|75<br/>[[Re]]<br/><font size=1>[[lenu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|76<br/>[[Os]]<br/><font size=1>[[osumu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|77<br/>[[Ir]]<br/><font size=1>[[ilidu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|78<br/>[[Pt]]<br/><font size=1>[[palata]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|79<br/>[[Au]]<br/><font size=1>[[wólo]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|80<br/>[[Hg]]<br/><font size=1>[[mekuli]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|81<br/>[[Tl]]<br/><font size=1>[[talu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|82<br/>[[Pb]]<br/><font size=1>[[kubéle]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|83<br/>[[Bi]]<br/><font size=1>[[bisemu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|84<br/>[[Po]]<br/><font size=1>[[polonu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99"|85<br/>[[At]]<br/><font size=1>[[atati]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|86<br/>[[Rn]]<br/><font size=1>[[lado]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''7''' | align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666"|87<br/>[[Fr]]<br/><font size=1>[[fansu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|88<br/>[[Ra]]<br/><font size=1>[[ladu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|** | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|103<br/>[[Lr]]<br/><font size=1>[[laleku]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|104<br/>[[Rf]]<br/><font size=1>[[lotefodu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|105<br/>[[Db]]<br/><font size=1>[[dubenu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|106<br/>[[Sg]]<br/><font size=1>[[seabodu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|107<br/>[[Bh]]<br/><font size=1>[[bohlu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|108<br/>[[Hs]]<br/><font size=1>[[hasu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|109<br/>[[Mt]]<br/><font size=1>[[meitenu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|110<br/>[[Ds]]<br/><font size=1>[[damtadu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|111<br/>[[Rg]]<br/><font size=1>[[luntenu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|112<br/>[[Uub]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununbu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#eceaec"|<font color="#808080">113<br/>[[Uut]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununtrium]]</font></font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|114<br/>[[Uuq]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununkwadu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#eceaec"|<font color="#808080">115<br/>[[Uup]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununpentium]]</font></font> | align="center" bgcolor="#eceaec"|116<br/>[[Uuh]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununeksu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#fcfecc"|<font color="#808080">117<br/>[[Uus]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununseptium]]</font></font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ecfefc"|118<br/>[[Uuo]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununoktu]]?</font> |} NB : les noms suivis d'un point d'interrogation sont des approximations, il faudrait les vérifier auprès de lexicologues et terminologues. Tous les autres proviennent de dictionnaires et autres ouvrages de référence. {| border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" bordercolor="#FFFFFF" align="center" style="margin-bottom:1.5em" |- | width="18%" align="center"|'''<font size=1>[[lanthanide|Lanthanide]]s</font>''' | width="2%" align="center"|* | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|57<br/>[[La]]<br/><font size=1>[[lantanu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|58<br/>[[Ce]]<br/><font size=1>[[selu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|59<br/>[[Pr]]<br/><font size=1>[[padimu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|60<br/>[[Nd]]<br/><font size=1>[[nedimu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|61<br/>[[Pm]]<br/><font size=1>[[pometu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|62<br/>[[Sm]]<br/><font size=1>[[samalu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|63<br/>[[Eu]]<br/><font size=1>[[elopu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|64<br/>[[Gd]]<br/><font size=1>[[gadolinu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|65<br/>[[Tb]]<br/><font size=1>[[telebumu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|66<br/>[[Dy]]<br/><font size=1>[[diposu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|67<br/>[[Ho]]<br/><font size=1>[[olimu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|68<br/>[[Er]]<br/><font size=1>[[ebu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|69<br/>[[Tm]]<br/><font size=1>[[tulu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|70<br/>[[Yb]]<br/><font size=1>[[yetibu]]</font> | align="center"| | align="center"| |- | width="18%" align="center"|'''<font size=1>[[actinide|Actinides]]</font>''' | width="2%" align="center"|** | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|89<br/>[[Ac]]<br/><font size=1>[[atinu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|90<br/>[[Th]]<br/><font size=1>[[tolu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|91<br/>[[Pa]]<br/><font size=1>[[potinu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|92<br/>[[U]]<br/><font size=1>[[ulanu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|93<br/>[[Np]]<br/><font size=1>[[netunu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|94<br/>[[Pu]]<br/><font size=1>[[putonu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|95<br/>[[Am]]<br/><font size=1>[[amelu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|96<br/>[[Cm]]<br/><font size=1>[[kolumu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|97<br/>[[Bk]]<br/><font size=1>[[bekelu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|98<br/>[[Cf]]<br/><font size=1>[[kalifu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|99<br/>[[Es]]<br/><font size=1>[[eselemu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|100<br/>[[Fm]]<br/><font size=1>[[femu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|101<br/>[[Md]]<br/><font size=1>[[mendelu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|102<br/>[[No]]<br/><font size=1>[[nobelu]]</font> | align="center"| | align="center"| |} {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" width="80%" bordercolor="#FFFFFF" align="center" |+ Séries chimiques du tableau périodique |- | bgcolor="#FF6666" align="center"|[[métal alcalin|métaux alcalins]] | bgcolor="#FFDEAD" align="center"|[[métal alcalino-terreux|métaux alcalino-terreux]] | bgcolor="#ffbfff" align="center"|[[lanthanide]]s | bgcolor="#ff99cc" align="center"|[[actinide]]s | bgcolor="#ffc0c0" align="center"|[[métal de transition|métaux de transition]] |- | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"|[[métal pauvre|métaux pauvres]] | bgcolor="#CCCC99" align="center"|[[métalloïde]]s | bgcolor="#a0ffa0" align="center"|[[likɛ́lɛ tɛ́|makɛ́lɛ tɛ́]] <br/><small>(non-métaux)</small> | bgcolor="#ffff99" align="center"|[[halogène]]s | bgcolor="#c0ffff" align="center"|[[gaz rare]]s |} '''NB : à traduire''' [[category:Kémi]] [[af:Periodieke tabel]] [[als:Periodensystem]] [[ar:جدول دوري]] [[ast:Tabla periódica]] [[be:Перыядычная сістэма элементаў]] [[bg:Периодична система на елементите]] [[bn:পর্যায় সারণী]] [[br:Taolenn beriodek an elfennoù]] [[bs:Periodni sistem elemenata]] [[ca:Taula periòdica]] [[cs:Periodická tabulka]] [[cy:Tabl Cyfnodol]] [[da:Periodiske system]] [[de:Periodensystem]] [[el:Περιοδικός πίνακας των χημικών στοιχείων]] [[en:Periodic table]] [[eo:Perioda tabelo]] [[es:Tabla periódica de los elementos]] [[et:Keemiliste elementide perioodilisussüsteem]] [[eu:Elementuen sailkapen periodikoa]] [[fa:جدول تناوبی (استاندارد)]] [[fi:Jaksollinen järjestelmä]] [[fo:Skeiðbundna skipanin]] [[fr:Tableau périodique des éléments]] [[fur:Tabele periodiche]] [[ga:Tábla peiriadach]] [[gl:Táboa periódica dos elementos]] [[gu:આવર્ત કોષ્ટક]] [[he:הטבלה המחזורית]] [[hr:Periodni sustav elemenata]] [[hu:Periódusos rendszer]] [[hy:Պարբերական աղյուսակ]] [[ia:Tabella periodic del elementos]] [[id:Tabel periodik]] [[io:Periodala tabelo dil elementaro]] [[is:Lotukerfið]] [[it:Tavola periodica]] [[ja:周期表]] [[ka:ქიმიურ ელემენტთა პერიოდული სისტემა]] [[ko:주기율표]] [[ku:Tabloya periyodîk a elementan]] [[la:Systema Periodicum]] [[lb:Periodesystem vun den Elementer]] [[li:Periodiek systeem vaan elemente]] [[lmo:Taula periòdica]] [[lt:Periodinė elementų lentelė]] [[lv:Ķīmisko elementu periodiskā tabula]] [[mi:Ripanga pūmotu]] [[mk:Периоден систем]] [[ms:Jadual berkala]] [[nds:Periodensysteem]] [[nl:Periodiek systeem]] [[nn:Periodesystemet]] [[no:Periodesystemet]] [[pl:Układ okresowy pierwiastków]] [[pt:Tabela periódica]] [[ro:Tabelul periodic al elementelor]] [[ru:Периодическая система элементов]] [[sh:Periodni sistem elemenata]] [[simple:Periodic table]] [[sk:Periodická tabuľka]] [[sl:Periodni sistem elementov]] [[sr:Периодни систем елемената]] [[su:Tabel periodik]] [[sv:Periodiska systemet]] [[ta:ஆவர்த்தன அட்டவணை]] [[tg:Ҷадвали даврии элементҳои химиявӣ]] [[th:ตารางธาตุ]] [[tl:Talaang peryodiko]] [[tr:Periyodik cetvel]] [[ug:ئېلېمېنتلار دەۋرى جەدۋىلى]] [[uk:Періодична система елементів]] [[uz:Unsurlarning davriy jadvali]] [[vi:Bảng tuần hoàn]] [[wa:Tåvlea periodike des elemints]] [[zh:元素周期表]] [[zh-yue:元素週期表]] 10018 2006-12-20T14:29:50Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[ml:ആവര്‍ത്തനപ്പട്ടിക]], [[qu:Qallawap ñiqi rakirinkuna]] Modifie: [[nds:Periodensystem]] {| style="border:1px solid" align=center cellpadding=10 | <big>'''<center>Etánda ya bileko</center>'''</big> |} {| border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" bordercolor="#FFFFFF" width="80%" align="center" style="margin-bottom: 1.5em" |- | align="center" width="8%"| | align="center" |'''1''' | align="center" |'''2''' | width="2%" align="center" | | align="center" |'''3''' | align="center" |'''4''' | align="center" |'''5''' | align="center" |'''6''' | align="center" |'''7''' | align="center" |'''8''' | align="center" |'''9''' | align="center" |'''10''' | align="center" |'''11''' | align="center" |'''12''' | align="center" |'''13''' | align="center" |'''14''' | align="center" |'''15''' | align="center" |'''16''' | align="center" |'''17''' | align="center" |'''18''' |- | align="center" width="8%"| | align="center" |'''I''' | align="center" |'''II''' | width="2%" align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |'''III''' | align="center" |'''IV''' | align="center" |'''V''' | align="center" |'''VI''' | align="center" |'''VII''' | align="center" |'''VIII''' |- | align="center" width="8%"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''1''' | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|1<br/>[[H]]<br/><font size=1>[[idrojɛ́ní]]</font> | align="center"| | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|2<br/>[[He]]<font size=1><br/>[[eliyúmu]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''2''' | align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666"|3<br/>[[Li]]<br/><font size=1>[[litu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|4<br/>[[Be]]<br/><font size=1>[[belilu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|5<br/>[[B]]<br/><font size=1>[[bolo]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|6<br/>[[C]]<br/><font size=1>[[kaboni]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|7<br/>[[N]]<br/><font size=1>[[azoti]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|8<br/>[[O]]<br/><font size=1>[[oksijɛ́ní]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99"|9<br/>[[F]]<br/><font size=1>[[folina]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|10<br/>[[Ne]]<br/><font size=1>[[neoni]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''3''' | align="center" bgcolor="#ff6666"|11<br/>[[Na]]<br/><font size=1>[[sodu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|12<br/>[[Mg]]<br/><font size=1>[[manezu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center"| | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|13<br/>[[Al]]<br/><font size=1>[[aluminyu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|14<br/>[[Si]]<br/><font size=1>[[siliki]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|15<br/>[[P]]<br/><font size=1>[[fosofo]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|16<br/>[[S]]<br/><font size=1>[[sufa]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99"|17<br/>[[Cl]]<br/><font size=1>[[koloki]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|18<br/>[[Ar]]<br/><font size=1>[[alago]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''4''' | align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666"|19<br/>[[K]]<br/><font size=1>[[potasu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|20<br/>[[Ca]]<br/><font size=1>[[kalisu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|21<br/>[[Sc]]<br/><font size=1>[[sekandu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|22<br/>[[Ti]]<br/><font size=1>[[titani]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|23<br/>[[V]]<br/><font size=1>[[vanadu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|24<br/>[[Cr]]<br/><font size=1>[[kolomo]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|25<br/>[[Mn]]<br/><font size=1>[[manezu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|26<br/>[[Fe]]<br/><font size=1>[[ebendé]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|27<br/>[[Co]]<br/><font size=1>[[kobalti]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|28<br/>[[Ni]]<br/><font size=1>[[nikɛ́li]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|29<br/>[[Cu]]<br/><font size=1>[[mbengi]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|30<br/>[[Zn]]<br/><font size=1>[[zɛ́nki]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|31<br/>[[Ga]]<br/><font size=1>[[galu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|32<br/>[[Ge]]<br/><font size=1>[[jemani]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|33<br/>[[As]]<br/><font size=1>[[aseni]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0"|34<br/>[[Se]]<br/><font size=1>[[seleni]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99"|35<br/>[[Br]]<br/><font size=1>[[bomo]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|36<br/>[[Kr]]<br/><font size=1>[[kliptoni]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''5''' | align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666"|37<br/>[[Rb]]<br/><font size=1>[[libidu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|38<br/>[[Sr]]<br/><font size=1>[[sitotu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center"| | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|39<br/>[[Y]]<br/><font size=1>[[yetibu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|40<br/>[[Zr]]<br/><font size=1>[[zikonu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|41<br/>[[Nb]]<br/><font size=1>[[nobu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|42<br/>[[Mo]]<br/><font size=1>[[modemu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|43<br/>[[Tc]]<br/><font size=1>[[tenetu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|44<br/>[[Ru]]<br/><font size=1>[[lotenu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|45<br/>[[Rh]]<br/><font size=1>[[lodu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|46<br/>[[Pd]]<br/><font size=1>[[paladu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|47<br/>[[Ag]]<br/><font size=1>[[sɛ́ngi]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|48<br/>[[Cd]]<br/><font size=1>[[kademu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|49<br/>[[In]]<br/><font size=1>[[indu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|50<br/>[[Sn]]<br/><font size=1>[[etani]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|51<br/>[[Sb]]<br/><font size=1>[[antimoni]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|52<br/>[[Te]]<br/><font size=1>[[telulu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99"|53<br/>[[I]]<br/><font size=1>[[ide]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|54<br/>[[Xe]]<br/><font size=1>[[zenoni]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''6''' | align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666"|55<br/>[[Cs]]<br/><font size=1>[[kaesu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|56<br/>[[Ba]]<br/><font size=1>[[balu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffbfff"|* | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|71<br/>[[Lu]]<br/><font size=1>[[lutetu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|72<br/>[[Hf]]<br/><font size=1>[[hafenu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|73<br/>[[Ta]]<br/><font size=1>[[tantalu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|74<br/>[[W]]<br/><font size=1>[[tungu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|75<br/>[[Re]]<br/><font size=1>[[lenu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|76<br/>[[Os]]<br/><font size=1>[[osumu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|77<br/>[[Ir]]<br/><font size=1>[[ilidu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|78<br/>[[Pt]]<br/><font size=1>[[palata]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|79<br/>[[Au]]<br/><font size=1>[[wólo]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|80<br/>[[Hg]]<br/><font size=1>[[mekuli]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|81<br/>[[Tl]]<br/><font size=1>[[talu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|82<br/>[[Pb]]<br/><font size=1>[[kubéle]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|83<br/>[[Bi]]<br/><font size=1>[[bisemu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99"|84<br/>[[Po]]<br/><font size=1>[[polonu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99"|85<br/>[[At]]<br/><font size=1>[[atati]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff"|86<br/>[[Rn]]<br/><font size=1>[[lado]]</font> |- | align="center" width="8%"|'''7''' | align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666"|87<br/>[[Fr]]<br/><font size=1>[[fansu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|88<br/>[[Ra]]<br/><font size=1>[[ladu]]</font> | width="2%" align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|** | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|103<br/>[[Lr]]<br/><font size=1>[[laleku]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|104<br/>[[Rf]]<br/><font size=1>[[lotefodu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|105<br/>[[Db]]<br/><font size=1>[[dubenu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|106<br/>[[Sg]]<br/><font size=1>[[seabodu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|107<br/>[[Bh]]<br/><font size=1>[[bohlu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|108<br/>[[Hs]]<br/><font size=1>[[hasu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|109<br/>[[Mt]]<br/><font size=1>[[meitenu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|110<br/>[[Ds]]<br/><font size=1>[[damtadu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|111<br/>[[Rg]]<br/><font size=1>[[luntenu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|112<br/>[[Uub]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununbu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#eceaec"|<font color="#808080">113<br/>[[Uut]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununtrium]]</font></font> | align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"|114<br/>[[Uuq]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununkwadu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#eceaec"|<font color="#808080">115<br/>[[Uup]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununpentium]]</font></font> | align="center" bgcolor="#eceaec"|116<br/>[[Uuh]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununeksu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#fcfecc"|<font color="#808080">117<br/>[[Uus]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununseptium]]</font></font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ecfefc"|118<br/>[[Uuo]]<br/><font size=1>[[ununoktu]]?</font> |} NB : les noms suivis d'un point d'interrogation sont des approximations, il faudrait les vérifier auprès de lexicologues et terminologues. Tous les autres proviennent de dictionnaires et autres ouvrages de référence. {| border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" bordercolor="#FFFFFF" align="center" style="margin-bottom:1.5em" |- | width="18%" align="center"|'''<font size=1>[[lanthanide|Lanthanide]]s</font>''' | width="2%" align="center"|* | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|57<br/>[[La]]<br/><font size=1>[[lantanu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|58<br/>[[Ce]]<br/><font size=1>[[selu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|59<br/>[[Pr]]<br/><font size=1>[[padimu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|60<br/>[[Nd]]<br/><font size=1>[[nedimu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|61<br/>[[Pm]]<br/><font size=1>[[pometu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|62<br/>[[Sm]]<br/><font size=1>[[samalu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|63<br/>[[Eu]]<br/><font size=1>[[elopu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|64<br/>[[Gd]]<br/><font size=1>[[gadolinu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|65<br/>[[Tb]]<br/><font size=1>[[telebumu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|66<br/>[[Dy]]<br/><font size=1>[[diposu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|67<br/>[[Ho]]<br/><font size=1>[[olimu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|68<br/>[[Er]]<br/><font size=1>[[ebu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|69<br/>[[Tm]]<br/><font size=1>[[tulu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"|70<br/>[[Yb]]<br/><font size=1>[[yetibu]]</font> | align="center"| | align="center"| |- | width="18%" align="center"|'''<font size=1>[[actinide|Actinides]]</font>''' | width="2%" align="center"|** | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|89<br/>[[Ac]]<br/><font size=1>[[atinu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|90<br/>[[Th]]<br/><font size=1>[[tolu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|91<br/>[[Pa]]<br/><font size=1>[[potinu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|92<br/>[[U]]<br/><font size=1>[[ulanu]]?</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|93<br/>[[Np]]<br/><font size=1>[[netunu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|94<br/>[[Pu]]<br/><font size=1>[[putonu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|95<br/>[[Am]]<br/><font size=1>[[amelu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|96<br/>[[Cm]]<br/><font size=1>[[kolumu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|97<br/>[[Bk]]<br/><font size=1>[[bekelu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|98<br/>[[Cf]]<br/><font size=1>[[kalifu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|99<br/>[[Es]]<br/><font size=1>[[eselemu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|100<br/>[[Fm]]<br/><font size=1>[[femu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|101<br/>[[Md]]<br/><font size=1>[[mendelu]]</font> | align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"|102<br/>[[No]]<br/><font size=1>[[nobelu]]</font> | align="center"| | align="center"| |} {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" width="80%" bordercolor="#FFFFFF" align="center" |+ Séries chimiques du tableau périodique |- | bgcolor="#FF6666" align="center"|[[métal alcalin|métaux alcalins]] | bgcolor="#FFDEAD" align="center"|[[métal alcalino-terreux|métaux alcalino-terreux]] | bgcolor="#ffbfff" align="center"|[[lanthanide]]s | bgcolor="#ff99cc" align="center"|[[actinide]]s | bgcolor="#ffc0c0" align="center"|[[métal de transition|métaux de transition]] |- | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"|[[métal pauvre|métaux pauvres]] | bgcolor="#CCCC99" align="center"|[[métalloïde]]s | bgcolor="#a0ffa0" align="center"|[[likɛ́lɛ tɛ́|makɛ́lɛ tɛ́]] <br/><small>(non-métaux)</small> | bgcolor="#ffff99" align="center"|[[halogène]]s | bgcolor="#c0ffff" align="center"|[[gaz rare]]s |} '''NB : à traduire''' [[category:Kémi]] [[af:Periodieke tabel]] [[als:Periodensystem]] [[ar:جدول دوري]] [[ast:Tabla periódica]] [[be:Перыядычная сістэма элементаў]] [[bg:Периодична система на елементите]] [[bn:পর্যায় সারণী]] [[br:Taolenn beriodek an elfennoù]] [[bs:Periodni sistem elemenata]] [[ca:Taula periòdica]] [[cs:Periodická tabulka]] [[cy:Tabl Cyfnodol]] [[da:Periodiske system]] [[de:Periodensystem]] [[el:Περιοδικός πίνακας των χημικών στοιχείων]] [[en:Periodic table]] [[eo:Perioda tabelo]] [[es:Tabla periódica de los elementos]] [[et:Keemiliste elementide perioodilisussüsteem]] [[eu:Elementuen sailkapen periodikoa]] [[fa:جدول تناوبی (استاندارد)]] [[fi:Jaksollinen järjestelmä]] [[fo:Skeiðbundna skipanin]] [[fr:Tableau périodique des éléments]] [[fur:Tabele periodiche]] [[ga:Tábla peiriadach]] [[gl:Táboa periódica dos elementos]] [[gu:આવર્ત કોષ્ટક]] [[he:הטבלה המחזורית]] [[hr:Periodni sustav elemenata]] [[hu:Periódusos rendszer]] [[hy:Պարբերական աղյուսակ]] [[ia:Tabella periodic del elementos]] [[id:Tabel periodik]] [[io:Periodala tabelo dil elementaro]] [[is:Lotukerfið]] [[it:Tavola periodica]] [[ja:周期表]] [[ka:ქიმიურ ელემენტთა პერიოდული სისტემა]] [[ko:주기율표]] [[ku:Tabloya periyodîk a elementan]] [[la:Systema Periodicum]] [[lb:Periodesystem vun den Elementer]] [[li:Periodiek systeem vaan elemente]] [[lmo:Taula periòdica]] [[lt:Periodinė elementų lentelė]] [[lv:Ķīmisko elementu periodiskā tabula]] [[mi:Ripanga pūmotu]] [[mk:Периоден систем]] [[ml:ആവര്‍ത്തനപ്പട്ടിക]] [[ms:Jadual berkala]] [[nds:Periodensystem]] [[nl:Periodiek systeem]] [[nn:Periodesystemet]] [[no:Periodesystemet]] [[pl:Układ okresowy pierwiastków]] [[pt:Tabela periódica]] [[qu:Qallawap ñiqi rakirinkuna]] [[ro:Tabelul periodic al elementelor]] [[ru:Периодическая система элементов]] [[sh:Periodni sistem elemenata]] [[simple:Periodic table]] [[sk:Periodická tabuľka]] [[sl:Periodni sistem elementov]] [[sr:Периодни систем елемената]] [[su:Tabel periodik]] [[sv:Periodiska systemet]] [[ta:ஆவர்த்தன அட்டவணை]] [[tg:Ҷадвали даврии элементҳои химиявӣ]] [[th:ตารางธาตุ]] [[tl:Talaang peryodiko]] [[tr:Periyodik cetvel]] [[ug:ئېلېمېنتلار دەۋرى جەدۋىلى]] [[uk:Періодична система елементів]] [[uz:Unsurlarning davriy jadvali]] [[vi:Bảng tuần hoàn]] [[wa:Tåvlea periodike des elemints]] [[zh:元素周期表]] [[zh-yue:元素週期表]] Tableau périodique 2278 8221 2006-05-23T22:51:33Z Moyogo 11 [[Tableau périodique]] moved to [[Etánda ya bileko]] #REDIRECT [[Etánda ya bileko]] Talk:Lingála 2280 8233 2006-05-24T20:47:40Z Moyogo 11 ---- Comment améliorer un article sur une langue? * classification linguistique * où est-ce qu'on la parle? * spécialités grammaticales * histoire linguistique * sons * bibliographie >> ndakisa / voir come exemple: [[:en:Lingala_language|Lingala_language]] mpé [[:fr:Lingala|Lingala]] ---- Template:Ln 2281 8265 2006-05-29T08:29:34Z Bombo 12 <font style="font-size:80%;font-weight:bold">[[Lingála|(ln)]]</font> Laurent-Désiré Kabila 2282 8266 2006-05-29T08:51:20Z Bombo 12 {{ndambo}} [[image:Kabila,Laurent.jpg|thumb|Laurent Kabila, «Mzee», 1939–2001]] '''Laurent-Désiré Kabila''' (*[[Moba]], [[Likasi]] (Jadotville), [[Katanga]], [[27 novembere]] [[1939]] - †[[Kinshasa]], [[16 yanuari]] [[2001]]); Mokambi Ekolo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa [[17 may]] [[1997]] – 16 novembere 2001. == Tála mpé == * [[Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[ar:لوران كابيلا]] [[da:Laurent Kabila]] [[de:Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] [[en:Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] [[es:Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] [[fi:Lawrence Kabila]] [[id:Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] [[ko:롤랑 데지레 카빌라]] [[nl:Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] [[ru:Кабила, Лоран-Дезире]] [[sv:Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] [[zh:卡比拉]] 8278 2006-05-29T09:48:52Z Moyogo 11 {{ndambo}} [[image:Kabila,Laurent.jpg|thumb|Laurent Kabila, «Mzee», 1939–2001]] '''Laurent-Désiré Kabila''' (*[[Moba]], [[Likasi]] (Jadotville), [[Katanga]], [[27 novembere]] [[1939]] - †[[Kinshasa]], [[16 yanuari]] [[2001]]); Mokambi Ekolo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa [[17 may]] [[1997]] – 16 novembere 2001. == Tála mpé == * [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[ar:لوران كابيلا]] [[da:Laurent Kabila]] [[de:Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] [[en:Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] [[es:Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] [[fi:Lawrence Kabila]] [[id:Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] [[ko:롤랑 데지레 카빌라]] [[nl:Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] [[ru:Кабила, Лоран-Дезире]] [[sv:Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] [[zh:卡比拉]] 8399 2006-06-13T23:52:42Z Moyogo 11 {{ndambo}} [[image:Kabila,Laurent.jpg|thumb|Laurent Kabila, «Mzee», 1939–2001]] '''Laurent-Désiré {{smcp|Kabila}}''' (*[[Moba]], [[Likasi]] (Jadotville), [[Katanga]], [[27 novembere]] [[1939]] - †[[Kinshasa]], [[16 yanuari]] [[2001]]); Mokambi Ekolo ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa [[17 may]] [[1997]] – 16 novembere 2001. == Tála mpé == * [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[ar:لوران كابيلا]] [[da:Laurent Kabila]] [[de:Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] [[en:Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] [[es:Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] [[fi:Lawrence Kabila]] [[id:Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] [[ko:롤랑 데지레 카빌라]] [[nl:Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] [[ru:Кабила, Лоран-Дезире]] [[sv:Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] [[zh:卡比拉]] 8415 2006-06-14T11:25:34Z Moyogo 11 {{ndambo}} [[image:Kabila,Laurent.jpg|thumb|Laurent Kabila, «Mzee», 1939–2001]] '''Laurent-Désiré {{smcp|Kabila}}''' (*[[Moba]], [[Likasi]] (Jadotville), [[Katanga]], [[27 novembere]] [[1939]] - †[[Kinshasa]], [[16 yanuari]] [[2001]]); [[Mokambi-Ekólo]] ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa [[17 may]] [[1997]] – 16 novembere 2001. == Tála mpé == * [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[ar:لوران كابيلا]] [[da:Laurent Kabila]] [[de:Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] [[en:Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] [[es:Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] [[fi:Lawrence Kabila]] [[id:Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] [[ko:롤랑 데지레 카빌라]] [[nl:Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] [[ru:Кабила, Лоран-Дезире]] [[sv:Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] [[zh:卡比拉]] 8958 2006-07-24T16:26:40Z Bombo 12 {{ndambo}} [[image:Kabila,Laurent.jpg|thumb|Laurent Kabila, «Mzee», 1939–2001]] '''Laurent-Désiré {{smcp|Kabila}}''' (*[[Moba]], [[Likasi]] (Jadotville), [[Katanga]], [[27 novembere]] [[1939]] - †[[Kinshasa]], [[16 yanuari]] [[2001]]); [[Mokambi-Ekólo]] ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa [[17 may]] [[1997]] – 16 novembere 2001. == Tála mpé == * [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] {{Mokonzi wa ekólo}} [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[ar:لوران كابيلا]] [[da:Laurent Kabila]] [[de:Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] [[en:Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] [[es:Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] [[fi:Lawrence Kabila]] [[id:Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] [[ko:롤랑 데지레 카빌라]] [[nl:Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] [[ru:Кабила, Лоран-Дезире]] [[sv:Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] [[zh:卡比拉]] 9038 2006-08-02T06:07:25Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: [[fr:Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] Modifie: [[fi:Laurent-Désiré Kabila]], [[ko:로랑 데지레 카빌라]] {{ndambo}} [[image:Kabila,Laurent.jpg|thumb|Laurent Kabila, «Mzee», 1939–2001]] '''Laurent-Désiré {{smcp|Kabila}}''' (*[[Moba]], [[Likasi]] (Jadotville), [[Katanga]], [[27 novembere]] [[1939]] - †[[Kinshasa]], [[16 yanuari]] [[2001]]); [[Mokambi-Ekólo]] ya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa [[17 may]] [[1997]] – 16 novembere 2001. == Tála mpé == * [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] {{Mokonzi wa ekólo}} [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Category:Tatá-mokonzi ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[ar:لوران كابيلا]] [[da:Laurent Kabila]] [[de:Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] [[en:Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] [[es:Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] [[fi:Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] [[fr:Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] [[id:Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] [[ko:로랑 데지레 카빌라]] [[nl:Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] [[ru:Кабила, Лоран-Дезире]] [[sv:Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] [[zh:卡比拉]] Molɔngɔ ya Bakambi ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa 2284 8272 2006-05-29T09:46:25Z Moyogo 11 [[Molɔngɔ ya Bakambi ekolo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] moved to [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] #REDIRECT [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] Molɔngɔ́ ya bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa 2285 8276 2006-05-29T09:48:14Z Moyogo 11 [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] moved to [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] #REDIRECT [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] Falansia 2286 8326 2006-05-31T12:02:37Z 160.85.2.50 {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Falansia| nkómbó_na_lokóta = République française| image_flag = Flag of France.svg | image_coat = Logo de la République française 300 dpi.png | image_map = LocationFrance.png | mokáno = Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité| loyémbo = [[La Marseillaise]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = -| mbóka-mokonzi = Pari| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Pari]]| coordonnées_capitale=48° 51'39 N, 2° 20'43 E | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Falansia|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] <br />&nbsp;- [[Mokambi Bulamatari na yě]]| nkómbó_mokambi = [[Jacques Chirac]] <br /> [[Dominique de Villepin]]| etando = 675 417 <small><sup>1</sup></small>| etando_limati =ya 40| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =2 E9| ndámbo_mái =0.26%| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 63 604 551 <small><sup>2</sup></small>| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2005| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=20 | bato_na_etando = 93,59 <small><sup>3</sup></small>| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 3 | bato_botángi = 54 894 854| bato_botángi_mbúla= 1984| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 0| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 000| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - [[**Traité de Verdun]]| established_dates = <br/>- 843 | mosɔlɔ = [[Ero]]|currency_code=EUR <small><sup>4</sup></small>| ngonga = [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:FR|fr]] (.re .mq .gp .tf .nc .pf .wf .pm .yt pour les DOM-TOM et collectivités territoriales)| calling_code = 33| footnotes = [[Image:france cities.png|290px]] <br><small><sup>1</sup></small> **dont 543 965 en France métropolitaine<br /><small><sup>2</sup></small> **dont 60 656 178 en France métropolitaine<br /><small><sup>3</sup></small> **densité métropolitaine 111,51<br /><small><sup>4</sup></small> [[Franc CFP]] **en usage dans les territoires du pacifique| }} 8327 2006-05-31T13:29:35Z Moyogo 11 {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Falansia| nkómbó_na_lokóta = République française| image_flag = Flag of France.svg | image_coat = Logo de la République française 300 dpi.png | image_map = LocationFrance.png | mokáno = Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité| loyémbo = [[La Marseillaise]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = -| mbóka-mokonzi = Pari| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Pari]]| coordonnées_capitale=48° 51'39 N, 2° 20'43 E | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Falansia|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] <br />&nbsp;- [[Mokambi Bulamatari na yě]]| nkómbó_mokambi = [[Jacques Chirac]] <br /> [[Dominique de Villepin]]| etando = 675 417 <small><sup>1</sup></small>| etando_limati =ya 40| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =2 E9| ndámbo_mái =0.26%| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 63 604 551 <small><sup>2</sup></small>| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2005| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=20 | bato_na_etando = 93,59 <small><sup>3</sup></small>| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 3 | bato_botángi = 54 894 854| bato_botángi_mbúla= 1984| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 0| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 000| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - [[**Traité de Verdun]]| established_dates = <br/>- 843 | mosɔlɔ = [[Ero]]|currency_code=EUR <small><sup>4</sup></small>| ngonga = [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:FR|fr]] (.re .mq .gp .tf .nc .pf .wf .pm .yt pour les DOM-TOM et collectivités territoriales)| calling_code = 33| footnotes = [[Image:france cities.png|290px]] <br><small><sup>1</sup></small> **dont 543 965 en France métropolitaine<br /><small><sup>2</sup></small> **dont 60 656 178 en France métropolitaine<br /><small><sup>3</sup></small> **densité métropolitaine 111,51<br /><small><sup>4</sup></small> [[Franc CFP]] **en usage dans les territoires du pacifique| }} '''Falansia''' (''France'' na lokóta ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[esé]] ya [[Erópa]] ya límbe. [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] 8376 2006-06-12T11:27:33Z 160.85.2.50 interwiki {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Falansia| nkómbó_na_lokóta = République française| image_flag = Flag of France.svg | image_coat = Logo de la République française 300 dpi.png | image_map = LocationFrance.png | mokáno = Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité| loyémbo = [[La Marseillaise]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = -| mbóka-mokonzi = Pari| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Pari]]| coordonnées_capitale=48° 51'39 N, 2° 20'43 E | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Falansia|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] <br />&nbsp;- [[Mokambi Bulamatari na yě]]| nkómbó_mokambi = [[Jacques Chirac]] <br /> [[Dominique de Villepin]]| etando = 675 417 <small><sup>1</sup></small>| etando_limati =ya 40| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =2 E9| ndámbo_mái =0.26%| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 63 604 551 <small><sup>2</sup></small>| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2005| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=20 | bato_na_etando = 93,59 <small><sup>3</sup></small>| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 3 | bato_botángi = 54 894 854| bato_botángi_mbúla= 1984| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 0| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 000| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - [[**Traité de Verdun]]| established_dates = <br/>- 843 | mosɔlɔ = [[Ero]]|currency_code=EUR <small><sup>4</sup></small>| ngonga = [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:FR|fr]] (.re .mq .gp .tf .nc .pf .wf .pm .yt pour les DOM-TOM et collectivités territoriales)| calling_code = 33| footnotes = [[Image:france cities.png|290px]] <br><small><sup>1</sup></small> **dont 543 965 en France métropolitaine<br /><small><sup>2</sup></small> **dont 60 656 178 en France métropolitaine<br /><small><sup>3</sup></small> **densité métropolitaine 111,51<br /><small><sup>4</sup></small> [[Franc CFP]] **en usage dans les territoires du pacifique| }} '''Falansia''' (''France'' na lokóta ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[esé]] ya [[Erópa]] ya límbe. [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[Category:Falansia]] [[af:Frankryk]] [[als:Frankreich]] [[an:Franzia]] [[ang:Francland]] [[ar:فرنسا]] [[ast:Francia]] [[be:Францыя]] [[bg:Франция]] [[br:Bro-C'hall]] [[bs:Francuska]] [[ca:França]] [[co:Francia]] [[cs:Francie]] [[cv:Франци]] [[cy:Ffrainc]] [[da:Frankrig]] [[de:Frankreich]] [[el:Γαλλία]] [[en:France]] [[eo:Francio]] [[es:Francia]] [[et:Prantsusmaa]] [[eu:Frantzia]] [[fa:فرانسه]] [[fi:Ranska]] [[fiu-vro:Prantsusmaa]] [[fr:France]] [[frp:France]] [[fy:Frankryk]] [[ga:An Fhrainc]] [[gd:An Fhraing]] [[gl:Francia - France]] [[gu:ફ્રાઁસ]] [[he:צרפת]] [[hi:फ़्राँस]] [[hr:Francuska]] [[ht:Frans]] [[hu:Franciaország]] [[hy:Ֆրանսիա]] [[ia:Francia]] [[id:Perancis]] [[io:Francia]] [[is:Frakkland]] [[it:Francia]] [[ja:フランス]] [[jbo:fasygu'e]] [[ka:საფრანგეთი]] [[ko:프랑스]] [[ks:फ्रांस]] [[ku:Fransa]] [[kw:Pow Frynk]] [[la:Francia]] [[lad:Fransia]] [[lb:Frankräich]] [[li:Frankriek]] [[lt:Prancūzija]] [[lv:Francija]] [[mg:Frantsa]] [[mk:Франција]] [[mn:Франц улс]] [[mr:फ्रांस]] [[ms:Perancis]] [[na:France]] [[nds:Frankriek]] [[nds-nl:Fraankriek]] [[nl:Frankrijk]] [[nn:Frankrike]] [[no:Frankrike]] [[nrm:France]] [[oc:França]] [[os:Франц]] [[pl:Francja]] [[ps:فرانسه]] [[pt:França]] [[rm:Frantscha]] [[rmy:Franchiya]] [[ro:Franţa]] [[ru:Франция]] [[sa:फ्रांस]] [[sc:Frantza]] [[scn:Francia]] [[sco:Fraunce]] [[simple:France]] [[sk:Francúzsko]] [[sl:Francija]] [[sq:Franca]] [[sr:Француска]] [[st:France]] [[sv:Frankrike]] [[ta:பிரான்ஸ்]] [[tet:Fransa]] [[th:ประเทศฝรั่งเศส]] [[tl:Pransya]] [[tpi:Pranis]] [[tr:Fransa]] [[ug:فرانسىيە]] [[uk:Франція]] [[ur:فرانس]] [[vi:Pháp]] [[zh:法国]] [[zh-min-nan:Hoat-kok]] 8473 2006-06-21T05:26:44Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: zh-yue {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Falansia| nkómbó_na_lokóta = République française| image_flag = Flag of France.svg | image_coat = Logo de la République française 300 dpi.png | image_map = LocationFrance.png | mokáno = Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité| loyémbo = [[La Marseillaise]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = -| mbóka-mokonzi = Pari| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Pari]]| coordonnées_capitale=48° 51'39 N, 2° 20'43 E | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Falansia|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] <br />&nbsp;- [[Mokambi Bulamatari na yě]]| nkómbó_mokambi = [[Jacques Chirac]] <br /> [[Dominique de Villepin]]| etando = 675 417 <small><sup>1</sup></small>| etando_limati =ya 40| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =2 E9| ndámbo_mái =0.26%| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 63 604 551 <small><sup>2</sup></small>| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2005| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=20 | bato_na_etando = 93,59 <small><sup>3</sup></small>| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 3 | bato_botángi = 54 894 854| bato_botángi_mbúla= 1984| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 0| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 000| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - [[**Traité de Verdun]]| established_dates = <br/>- 843 | mosɔlɔ = [[Ero]]|currency_code=EUR <small><sup>4</sup></small>| ngonga = [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:FR|fr]] (.re .mq .gp .tf .nc .pf .wf .pm .yt pour les DOM-TOM et collectivités territoriales)| calling_code = 33| footnotes = [[Image:france cities.png|290px]] <br><small><sup>1</sup></small> **dont 543 965 en France métropolitaine<br /><small><sup>2</sup></small> **dont 60 656 178 en France métropolitaine<br /><small><sup>3</sup></small> **densité métropolitaine 111,51<br /><small><sup>4</sup></small> [[Franc CFP]] **en usage dans les territoires du pacifique| }} '''Falansia''' (''France'' na lokóta ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[esé]] ya [[Erópa]] ya límbe. [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[Category:Falansia]] [[af:Frankryk]] [[als:Frankreich]] [[an:Franzia]] [[ang:Francland]] [[ar:فرنسا]] [[ast:Francia]] [[be:Францыя]] [[bg:Франция]] [[br:Bro-C'hall]] [[bs:Francuska]] [[ca:França]] [[co:Francia]] [[cs:Francie]] [[cv:Франци]] [[cy:Ffrainc]] [[da:Frankrig]] [[de:Frankreich]] [[el:Γαλλία]] [[en:France]] [[eo:Francio]] [[es:Francia]] [[et:Prantsusmaa]] [[eu:Frantzia]] [[fa:فرانسه]] [[fi:Ranska]] [[fiu-vro:Prantsusmaa]] [[fr:France]] [[frp:France]] [[fy:Frankryk]] [[ga:An Fhrainc]] [[gd:An Fhraing]] [[gl:Francia - France]] [[gu:ફ્રાઁસ]] [[he:צרפת]] [[hi:फ़्राँस]] [[hr:Francuska]] [[ht:Frans]] [[hu:Franciaország]] [[hy:Ֆրանսիա]] [[ia:Francia]] [[id:Perancis]] [[io:Francia]] [[is:Frakkland]] [[it:Francia]] [[ja:フランス]] [[jbo:fasygu'e]] [[ka:საფრანგეთი]] [[ko:프랑스]] [[ks:फ्रांस]] [[ku:Fransa]] [[kw:Pow Frynk]] [[la:Francia]] [[lad:Fransia]] [[lb:Frankräich]] [[li:Frankriek]] [[lt:Prancūzija]] [[lv:Francija]] [[mg:Frantsa]] [[mk:Франција]] [[mn:Франц улс]] [[mr:फ्रांस]] [[ms:Perancis]] [[na:France]] [[nds:Frankriek]] [[nds-nl:Fraankriek]] [[nl:Frankrijk]] [[nn:Frankrike]] [[no:Frankrike]] [[nrm:France]] [[oc:França]] [[os:Франц]] [[pl:Francja]] [[ps:فرانسه]] [[pt:França]] [[rm:Frantscha]] [[rmy:Franchiya]] [[ro:Franţa]] [[ru:Франция]] [[sa:फ्रांस]] [[sc:Frantza]] [[scn:Francia]] [[sco:Fraunce]] [[simple:France]] [[sk:Francúzsko]] [[sl:Francija]] [[sq:Franca]] [[sr:Француска]] [[st:France]] [[sv:Frankrike]] [[ta:பிரான்ஸ்]] [[tet:Fransa]] [[th:ประเทศฝรั่งเศส]] [[tl:Pransya]] [[tpi:Pranis]] [[tr:Fransa]] [[ug:فرانسىيە]] [[uk:Франція]] [[ur:فرانس]] [[vi:Pháp]] [[zh:法国]] [[zh-min-nan:Hoat-kok]] [[zh-yue:法國]] 8785 2006-07-09T13:53:12Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: csb, ilo, ne, sw, tg {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Falansia| nkómbó_na_lokóta = République française| image_flag = Flag of France.svg | image_coat = Logo de la République française 300 dpi.png | image_map = LocationFrance.png | mokáno = Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité| loyémbo = [[La Marseillaise]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = -| mbóka-mokonzi = Pari| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Pari]]| coordonnées_capitale=48° 51'39 N, 2° 20'43 E | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Falansia|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] <br />&nbsp;- [[Mokambi Bulamatari na yě]]| nkómbó_mokambi = [[Jacques Chirac]] <br /> [[Dominique de Villepin]]| etando = 675 417 <small><sup>1</sup></small>| etando_limati =ya 40| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =2 E9| ndámbo_mái =0.26%| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 63 604 551 <small><sup>2</sup></small>| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2005| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=20 | bato_na_etando = 93,59 <small><sup>3</sup></small>| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 3 | bato_botángi = 54 894 854| bato_botángi_mbúla= 1984| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 0| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 000| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - [[**Traité de Verdun]]| established_dates = <br/>- 843 | mosɔlɔ = [[Ero]]|currency_code=EUR <small><sup>4</sup></small>| ngonga = [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:FR|fr]] (.re .mq .gp .tf .nc .pf .wf .pm .yt pour les DOM-TOM et collectivités territoriales)| calling_code = 33| footnotes = [[Image:france cities.png|290px]] <br><small><sup>1</sup></small> **dont 543 965 en France métropolitaine<br /><small><sup>2</sup></small> **dont 60 656 178 en France métropolitaine<br /><small><sup>3</sup></small> **densité métropolitaine 111,51<br /><small><sup>4</sup></small> [[Franc CFP]] **en usage dans les territoires du pacifique| }} '''Falansia''' (''France'' na lokóta ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[esé]] ya [[Erópa]] ya límbe. [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[Category:Falansia]] [[af:Frankryk]] [[als:Frankreich]] [[an:Franzia]] [[ang:Francland]] [[ar:فرنسا]] [[ast:Francia]] [[be:Францыя]] [[bg:Франция]] [[br:Bro-C'hall]] [[bs:Francuska]] [[ca:França]] [[co:Francia]] [[cs:Francie]] [[csb:Francëjô]] [[cv:Франци]] [[cy:Ffrainc]] [[da:Frankrig]] [[de:Frankreich]] [[el:Γαλλία]] [[en:France]] [[eo:Francio]] [[es:Francia]] [[et:Prantsusmaa]] [[eu:Frantzia]] [[fa:فرانسه]] [[fi:Ranska]] [[fiu-vro:Prantsusmaa]] [[fr:France]] [[frp:France]] [[fy:Frankryk]] [[ga:An Fhrainc]] [[gd:An Fhraing]] [[gl:Francia - France]] [[gu:ફ્રાઁસ]] [[he:צרפת]] [[hi:फ़्राँस]] [[hr:Francuska]] [[ht:Frans]] [[hu:Franciaország]] [[hy:Ֆրանսիա]] [[ia:Francia]] [[id:Perancis]] [[ilo:Francia]] [[io:Francia]] [[is:Frakkland]] [[it:Francia]] [[ja:フランス]] [[jbo:fasygu'e]] [[ka:საფრანგეთი]] [[ko:프랑스]] [[ks:फ्रांस]] [[ku:Fransa]] [[kw:Pow Frynk]] [[la:Francia]] [[lad:Fransia]] [[lb:Frankräich]] [[li:Frankriek]] [[lt:Prancūzija]] [[lv:Francija]] [[mg:Frantsa]] [[mk:Франција]] [[mn:Франц улс]] [[mr:फ्रांस]] [[ms:Perancis]] [[na:France]] [[nds:Frankriek]] [[nds-nl:Fraankriek]] [[ne:फ्रान्स]] [[nl:Frankrijk]] [[nn:Frankrike]] [[no:Frankrike]] [[nrm:France]] [[oc:França]] [[os:Франц]] [[pl:Francja]] [[ps:فرانسه]] [[pt:França]] [[rm:Frantscha]] [[rmy:Franchiya]] [[ro:Franţa]] [[ru:Франция]] [[sa:फ्रांस]] [[sc:Frantza]] [[scn:Francia]] [[sco:Fraunce]] [[simple:France]] [[sk:Francúzsko]] [[sl:Francija]] [[sq:Franca]] [[sr:Француска]] [[st:France]] [[sv:Frankrike]] [[sw:Ufaransa]] [[ta:பிரான்ஸ்]] [[tet:Fransa]] [[tg:Фаронса]] [[th:ประเทศฝรั่งเศส]] [[tl:Pransya]] [[tpi:Pranis]] [[tr:Fransa]] [[ug:فرانسىيە]] [[uk:Франція]] [[ur:فرانس]] [[vi:Pháp]] [[zh:法国]] [[zh-min-nan:Hoat-kok]] [[zh-yue:法國]] 8786 2006-07-09T15:04:35Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[bn:ফ্রান্স]] {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Falansia| nkómbó_na_lokóta = République française| image_flag = Flag of France.svg | image_coat = Logo de la République française 300 dpi.png | image_map = LocationFrance.png | mokáno = Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité| loyémbo = [[La Marseillaise]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = -| mbóka-mokonzi = Pari| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Pari]]| coordonnées_capitale=48° 51'39 N, 2° 20'43 E | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Falansia|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] <br />&nbsp;- [[Mokambi Bulamatari na yě]]| nkómbó_mokambi = [[Jacques Chirac]] <br /> [[Dominique de Villepin]]| etando = 675 417 <small><sup>1</sup></small>| etando_limati =ya 40| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =2 E9| ndámbo_mái =0.26%| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 63 604 551 <small><sup>2</sup></small>| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2005| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=20 | bato_na_etando = 93,59 <small><sup>3</sup></small>| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 3 | bato_botángi = 54 894 854| bato_botángi_mbúla= 1984| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 0| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 000| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - [[**Traité de Verdun]]| established_dates = <br/>- 843 | mosɔlɔ = [[Ero]]|currency_code=EUR <small><sup>4</sup></small>| ngonga = [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:FR|fr]] (.re .mq .gp .tf .nc .pf .wf .pm .yt pour les DOM-TOM et collectivités territoriales)| calling_code = 33| footnotes = [[Image:france cities.png|290px]] <br><small><sup>1</sup></small> **dont 543 965 en France métropolitaine<br /><small><sup>2</sup></small> **dont 60 656 178 en France métropolitaine<br /><small><sup>3</sup></small> **densité métropolitaine 111,51<br /><small><sup>4</sup></small> [[Franc CFP]] **en usage dans les territoires du pacifique| }} '''Falansia''' (''France'' na lokóta ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[esé]] ya [[Erópa]] ya límbe. [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[Category:Falansia]] [[af:Frankryk]] [[als:Frankreich]] [[an:Franzia]] [[ang:Francland]] [[ar:فرنسا]] [[ast:Francia]] [[be:Францыя]] [[bg:Франция]] [[bn:ফ্রান্স]] [[br:Bro-C'hall]] [[bs:Francuska]] [[ca:França]] [[co:Francia]] [[cs:Francie]] [[csb:Francëjô]] [[cv:Франци]] [[cy:Ffrainc]] [[da:Frankrig]] [[de:Frankreich]] [[el:Γαλλία]] [[en:France]] [[eo:Francio]] [[es:Francia]] [[et:Prantsusmaa]] [[eu:Frantzia]] [[fa:فرانسه]] [[fi:Ranska]] [[fiu-vro:Prantsusmaa]] [[fr:France]] [[frp:France]] [[fy:Frankryk]] [[ga:An Fhrainc]] [[gd:An Fhraing]] [[gl:Francia - France]] [[gu:ફ્રાઁસ]] [[he:צרפת]] [[hi:फ़्राँस]] [[hr:Francuska]] [[ht:Frans]] [[hu:Franciaország]] [[hy:Ֆրանսիա]] [[ia:Francia]] [[id:Perancis]] [[ilo:Francia]] [[io:Francia]] [[is:Frakkland]] [[it:Francia]] [[ja:フランス]] [[jbo:fasygu'e]] [[ka:საფრანგეთი]] [[ko:프랑스]] [[ks:फ्रांस]] [[ku:Fransa]] [[kw:Pow Frynk]] [[la:Francia]] [[lad:Fransia]] [[lb:Frankräich]] [[li:Frankriek]] [[lt:Prancūzija]] [[lv:Francija]] [[mg:Frantsa]] [[mk:Франција]] [[mn:Франц улс]] [[mr:फ्रांस]] [[ms:Perancis]] [[na:France]] [[nds:Frankriek]] [[nds-nl:Fraankriek]] [[ne:फ्रान्स]] [[nl:Frankrijk]] [[nn:Frankrike]] [[no:Frankrike]] [[nrm:France]] [[oc:França]] [[os:Франц]] [[pl:Francja]] [[ps:فرانسه]] [[pt:França]] [[rm:Frantscha]] [[rmy:Franchiya]] [[ro:Franţa]] [[ru:Франция]] [[sa:फ्रांस]] [[sc:Frantza]] [[scn:Francia]] [[sco:Fraunce]] [[simple:France]] [[sk:Francúzsko]] [[sl:Francija]] [[sq:Franca]] [[sr:Француска]] [[st:France]] [[sv:Frankrike]] [[sw:Ufaransa]] [[ta:பிரான்ஸ்]] [[tet:Fransa]] [[tg:Фаронса]] [[th:ประเทศฝรั่งเศส]] [[tl:Pransya]] [[tpi:Pranis]] [[tr:Fransa]] [[ug:فرانسىيە]] [[uk:Франція]] [[ur:فرانس]] [[vi:Pháp]] [[zh:法国]] [[zh-min-nan:Hoat-kok]] [[zh-yue:法國]] 8892 2006-07-13T13:27:46Z Moyogo 11 {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Falansia| nkómbó_na_lokótá = République française| image_flag = Flag of France.svg | image_coat = Logo de la République française 300 dpi.png | image_map = LocationFrance.png | mokáno = Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité| loyémbo = [[La Marseillaise]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = -| mbóka-mokonzi = Pari| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Pari]]| coordonnées_capitale=48° 51'39 N, 2° 20'43 E | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Falansia|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] <br />&nbsp;- [[Mokambi Bulamatari na yě]]| nkómbó_mokambi = [[Jacques Chirac]] <br /> [[Dominique de Villepin]]| etando = 675 417 <small><sup>1</sup></small>| etando_limati =ya 40| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =2 E9| ndámbo_mái =0.26%| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 63 604 551 <small><sup>2</sup></small>| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2005| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=20 | bato_na_etando = 93,59 <small><sup>3</sup></small>| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 3 | bato_botángi = 54 894 854| bato_botángi_mbúla= 1984| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 0| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 000| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - [[**Traité de Verdun]]| established_dates = <br/>- 843 | mosɔlɔ = [[Ero]]|currency_code=EUR <small><sup>4</sup></small>| ngonga = [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:FR|fr]] (.re .mq .gp .tf .nc .pf .wf .pm .yt pour les DOM-TOM et collectivités territoriales)| calling_code = 33| footnotes = [[Image:france cities.png|290px]] <br><small><sup>1</sup></small> **dont 543 965 en France métropolitaine<br /><small><sup>2</sup></small> **dont 60 656 178 en France métropolitaine<br /><small><sup>3</sup></small> **densité métropolitaine 111,51<br /><small><sup>4</sup></small> [[Franc CFP]] **en usage dans les territoires du pacifique| }} '''Falansia''' (''France'' na lokótá ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[esé]] ya [[Erópa]] ya límbe. [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[Category:Falansia]] [[af:Frankryk]] [[als:Frankreich]] [[an:Franzia]] [[ang:Francland]] [[ar:فرنسا]] [[ast:Francia]] [[be:Францыя]] [[bg:Франция]] [[bn:ফ্রান্স]] [[br:Bro-C'hall]] [[bs:Francuska]] [[ca:França]] [[co:Francia]] [[cs:Francie]] [[csb:Francëjô]] [[cv:Франци]] [[cy:Ffrainc]] [[da:Frankrig]] [[de:Frankreich]] [[el:Γαλλία]] [[en:France]] [[eo:Francio]] [[es:Francia]] [[et:Prantsusmaa]] [[eu:Frantzia]] [[fa:فرانسه]] [[fi:Ranska]] [[fiu-vro:Prantsusmaa]] [[fr:France]] [[frp:France]] [[fy:Frankryk]] [[ga:An Fhrainc]] [[gd:An Fhraing]] [[gl:Francia - France]] [[gu:ફ્રાઁસ]] [[he:צרפת]] [[hi:फ़्राँस]] [[hr:Francuska]] [[ht:Frans]] [[hu:Franciaország]] [[hy:Ֆրանսիա]] [[ia:Francia]] [[id:Perancis]] [[ilo:Francia]] [[io:Francia]] [[is:Frakkland]] [[it:Francia]] [[ja:フランス]] [[jbo:fasygu'e]] [[ka:საფრანგეთი]] [[ko:프랑스]] [[ks:फ्रांस]] [[ku:Fransa]] [[kw:Pow Frynk]] [[la:Francia]] [[lad:Fransia]] [[lb:Frankräich]] [[li:Frankriek]] [[lt:Prancūzija]] [[lv:Francija]] [[mg:Frantsa]] [[mk:Франција]] [[mn:Франц улс]] [[mr:फ्रांस]] [[ms:Perancis]] [[na:France]] [[nds:Frankriek]] [[nds-nl:Fraankriek]] [[ne:फ्रान्स]] [[nl:Frankrijk]] [[nn:Frankrike]] [[no:Frankrike]] [[nrm:France]] [[oc:França]] [[os:Франц]] [[pl:Francja]] [[ps:فرانسه]] [[pt:França]] [[rm:Frantscha]] [[rmy:Franchiya]] [[ro:Franţa]] [[ru:Франция]] [[sa:फ्रांस]] [[sc:Frantza]] [[scn:Francia]] [[sco:Fraunce]] [[simple:France]] [[sk:Francúzsko]] [[sl:Francija]] [[sq:Franca]] [[sr:Француска]] [[st:France]] [[sv:Frankrike]] [[sw:Ufaransa]] [[ta:பிரான்ஸ்]] [[tet:Fransa]] [[tg:Фаронса]] [[th:ประเทศฝรั่งเศส]] [[tl:Pransya]] [[tpi:Pranis]] [[tr:Fransa]] [[ug:فرانسىيە]] [[uk:Франція]] [[ur:فرانس]] [[vi:Pháp]] [[zh:法国]] [[zh-min-nan:Hoat-kok]] [[zh-yue:法國]] 8928 2006-07-21T05:11:06Z Superzerocool 62 robot Ajoute: lmo, sh, vec {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Falansia| nkómbó_na_lokótá = République française| image_flag = Flag of France.svg | image_coat = Logo de la République française 300 dpi.png | image_map = LocationFrance.png | mokáno = Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité| loyémbo = [[La Marseillaise]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = -| mbóka-mokonzi = Pari| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Pari]]| coordonnées_capitale=48° 51'39 N, 2° 20'43 E | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Falansia|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] <br />&nbsp;- [[Mokambi Bulamatari na yě]]| nkómbó_mokambi = [[Jacques Chirac]] <br /> [[Dominique de Villepin]]| etando = 675 417 <small><sup>1</sup></small>| etando_limati =ya 40| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =2 E9| ndámbo_mái =0.26%| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 63 604 551 <small><sup>2</sup></small>| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2005| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=20 | bato_na_etando = 93,59 <small><sup>3</sup></small>| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 3 | bato_botángi = 54 894 854| bato_botángi_mbúla= 1984| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 0| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 000| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - [[**Traité de Verdun]]| established_dates = <br/>- 843 | mosɔlɔ = [[Ero]]|currency_code=EUR <small><sup>4</sup></small>| ngonga = [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:FR|fr]] (.re .mq .gp .tf .nc .pf .wf .pm .yt pour les DOM-TOM et collectivités territoriales)| calling_code = 33| footnotes = [[Image:france cities.png|290px]] <br><small><sup>1</sup></small> **dont 543 965 en France métropolitaine<br /><small><sup>2</sup></small> **dont 60 656 178 en France métropolitaine<br /><small><sup>3</sup></small> **densité métropolitaine 111,51<br /><small><sup>4</sup></small> [[Franc CFP]] **en usage dans les territoires du pacifique| }} '''Falansia''' (''France'' na lokótá ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[esé]] ya [[Erópa]] ya límbe. [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[Category:Falansia]] [[af:Frankryk]] [[als:Frankreich]] [[an:Franzia]] [[ang:Francland]] [[ar:فرنسا]] [[ast:Francia]] [[be:Францыя]] [[bg:Франция]] [[bn:ফ্রান্স]] [[br:Bro-C'hall]] [[bs:Francuska]] [[ca:França]] [[co:Francia]] [[cs:Francie]] [[csb:Francëjô]] [[cv:Франци]] [[cy:Ffrainc]] [[da:Frankrig]] [[de:Frankreich]] [[el:Γαλλία]] [[en:France]] [[eo:Francio]] [[es:Francia]] [[et:Prantsusmaa]] [[eu:Frantzia]] [[fa:فرانسه]] [[fi:Ranska]] [[fiu-vro:Prantsusmaa]] [[fr:France]] [[frp:France]] [[fy:Frankryk]] [[ga:An Fhrainc]] [[gd:An Fhraing]] [[gl:Francia - France]] [[gu:ફ્રાઁસ]] [[he:צרפת]] [[hi:फ़्राँस]] [[hr:Francuska]] [[ht:Frans]] [[hu:Franciaország]] [[hy:Ֆրանսիա]] [[ia:Francia]] [[id:Perancis]] [[ilo:Francia]] [[io:Francia]] [[is:Frakkland]] [[it:Francia]] [[ja:フランス]] [[jbo:fasygu'e]] [[ka:საფრანგეთი]] [[ko:프랑스]] [[ks:फ्रांस]] [[ku:Fransa]] [[kw:Pow Frynk]] [[la:Francia]] [[lad:Fransia]] [[lb:Frankräich]] [[li:Frankriek]] [[lmo:Francja]] [[lt:Prancūzija]] [[lv:Francija]] [[mg:Frantsa]] [[mk:Франција]] [[mn:Франц улс]] [[mr:फ्रांस]] [[ms:Perancis]] [[na:France]] [[nds:Frankriek]] [[nds-nl:Fraankriek]] [[ne:फ्रान्स]] [[nl:Frankrijk]] [[nn:Frankrike]] [[no:Frankrike]] [[nrm:France]] [[oc:França]] [[os:Франц]] [[pl:Francja]] [[ps:فرانسه]] [[pt:França]] [[rm:Frantscha]] [[rmy:Franchiya]] [[ro:Franţa]] [[ru:Франция]] [[sa:फ्रांस]] [[sc:Frantza]] [[scn:Francia]] [[sco:Fraunce]] [[sh:Francuska]] [[simple:France]] [[sk:Francúzsko]] [[sl:Francija]] [[sq:Franca]] [[sr:Француска]] [[st:France]] [[sv:Frankrike]] [[sw:Ufaransa]] [[ta:பிரான்ஸ்]] [[tet:Fransa]] [[tg:Фаронса]] [[th:ประเทศฝรั่งเศส]] [[tl:Pransya]] [[tpi:Pranis]] [[tr:Fransa]] [[ug:فرانسىيە]] [[uk:Франція]] [[ur:فرانس]] [[vec:Franzsa]] [[vi:Pháp]] [[zh:法国]] [[zh-min-nan:Hoat-kok]] [[zh-yue:法國]] 8980 2006-08-01T07:44:49Z Saforrest 80 {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Falansia| nkómbó_na_lokótá = République française| image_flag = Flag of France.svg | image_coat = Logo de la République française 300 dpi.png | image_map = LocationFrance.png | mokáno = Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité| loyémbo = [[La Marseillaise]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = -| mbóka-mokonzi = Pari| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Pari]]| coordonnées_capitale=48° 51'39 N, 2° 20'43 E | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Falansia|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] <br />&nbsp;- [[Mokambi Bulamatari na yě]]| nkómbó_mokambi = [[Jacques Chirac]] <br /> [[Dominique de Villepin]]| etando = 675 417 <small><sup>1</sup></small>| etando_limati =ya 40| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =2 E9| ndámbo_mái =0.26%| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 63 604 551 <small><sup>2</sup></small>| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2005| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=20 | bato_na_etando = 93,59 <small><sup>3</sup></small>| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 3 | bato_botángi = 54 894 854| bato_botángi_mbúla= 1984| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 0| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 000| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - [[**Traité de Verdun]]| established_dates = <br/>- 843 | mosɔlɔ = [[Ero]]|currency_code=EUR <small><sup>4</sup></small>| ngonga = [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:FR|fr]] (.re .mq .gp .tf .nc .pf .wf .pm .yt pour les DOM-TOM et collectivités territoriales)| calling_code = 33| footnotes = [[Image:france cities.png|290px]] <br><small><sup>1</sup></small> **dont 543 965 en France métropolitaine<br /><small><sup>2</sup></small> **dont 60 656 178 en France métropolitaine<br /><small><sup>3</sup></small> **densité métropolitaine 111,51<br /><small><sup>4</sup></small> [[Franc CFP]] **en usage dans les territoires du pacifique| }} '''Falansia''' (''France'' na lokótá ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[esé]] ya [[Erópa]] ya límbe. [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[Category:Falansia|*]] [[af:Frankryk]] [[als:Frankreich]] [[an:Franzia]] [[ang:Francland]] [[ar:فرنسا]] [[ast:Francia]] [[be:Францыя]] [[bg:Франция]] [[bn:ফ্রান্স]] [[br:Bro-C'hall]] [[bs:Francuska]] [[ca:França]] [[co:Francia]] [[cs:Francie]] [[csb:Francëjô]] [[cv:Франци]] [[cy:Ffrainc]] [[da:Frankrig]] [[de:Frankreich]] [[el:Γαλλία]] [[en:France]] [[eo:Francio]] [[es:Francia]] [[et:Prantsusmaa]] [[eu:Frantzia]] [[fa:فرانسه]] [[fi:Ranska]] [[fiu-vro:Prantsusmaa]] [[fr:France]] [[frp:France]] [[fy:Frankryk]] [[ga:An Fhrainc]] [[gd:An Fhraing]] [[gl:Francia - France]] [[gu:ફ્રાઁસ]] [[he:צרפת]] [[hi:फ़्राँस]] [[hr:Francuska]] [[ht:Frans]] [[hu:Franciaország]] [[hy:Ֆրանսիա]] [[ia:Francia]] [[id:Perancis]] [[ilo:Francia]] [[io:Francia]] [[is:Frakkland]] [[it:Francia]] [[ja:フランス]] [[jbo:fasygu'e]] [[ka:საფრანგეთი]] [[ko:프랑스]] [[ks:फ्रांस]] [[ku:Fransa]] [[kw:Pow Frynk]] [[la:Francia]] [[lad:Fransia]] [[lb:Frankräich]] [[li:Frankriek]] [[lmo:Francja]] [[lt:Prancūzija]] [[lv:Francija]] [[mg:Frantsa]] [[mk:Франција]] [[mn:Франц улс]] [[mr:फ्रांस]] [[ms:Perancis]] [[na:France]] [[nds:Frankriek]] [[nds-nl:Fraankriek]] [[ne:फ्रान्स]] [[nl:Frankrijk]] [[nn:Frankrike]] [[no:Frankrike]] [[nrm:France]] [[oc:França]] [[os:Франц]] [[pl:Francja]] [[ps:فرانسه]] [[pt:França]] [[rm:Frantscha]] [[rmy:Franchiya]] [[ro:Franţa]] [[ru:Франция]] [[sa:फ्रांस]] [[sc:Frantza]] [[scn:Francia]] [[sco:Fraunce]] [[sh:Francuska]] [[simple:France]] [[sk:Francúzsko]] [[sl:Francija]] [[sq:Franca]] [[sr:Француска]] [[st:France]] [[sv:Frankrike]] [[sw:Ufaransa]] [[ta:பிரான்ஸ்]] [[tet:Fransa]] [[tg:Фаронса]] [[th:ประเทศฝรั่งเศส]] [[tl:Pransya]] [[tpi:Pranis]] [[tr:Fransa]] [[ug:فرانسىيە]] [[uk:Франція]] [[ur:فرانس]] [[vec:Franzsa]] [[vi:Pháp]] [[zh:法国]] [[zh-min-nan:Hoat-kok]] [[zh-yue:法國]] 9041 2006-08-02T06:11:26Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: [[gv:Yn Rank]], [[pam:France]] {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Falansia| nkómbó_na_lokótá = République française| image_flag = Flag of France.svg | image_coat = Logo de la République française 300 dpi.png | image_map = LocationFrance.png | mokáno = Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité| loyémbo = [[La Marseillaise]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = -| mbóka-mokonzi = Pari| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Pari]]| coordonnées_capitale=48° 51'39 N, 2° 20'43 E | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Falansia|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] <br />&nbsp;- [[Mokambi Bulamatari na yě]]| nkómbó_mokambi = [[Jacques Chirac]] <br /> [[Dominique de Villepin]]| etando = 675 417 <small><sup>1</sup></small>| etando_limati =ya 40| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =2 E9| ndámbo_mái =0.26%| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 63 604 551 <small><sup>2</sup></small>| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2005| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=20 | bato_na_etando = 93,59 <small><sup>3</sup></small>| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 3 | bato_botángi = 54 894 854| bato_botángi_mbúla= 1984| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 0| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 000| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - [[**Traité de Verdun]]| established_dates = <br/>- 843 | mosɔlɔ = [[Ero]]|currency_code=EUR <small><sup>4</sup></small>| ngonga = [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:FR|fr]] (.re .mq .gp .tf .nc .pf .wf .pm .yt pour les DOM-TOM et collectivités territoriales)| calling_code = 33| footnotes = [[Image:france cities.png|290px]] <br><small><sup>1</sup></small> **dont 543 965 en France métropolitaine<br /><small><sup>2</sup></small> **dont 60 656 178 en France métropolitaine<br /><small><sup>3</sup></small> **densité métropolitaine 111,51<br /><small><sup>4</sup></small> [[Franc CFP]] **en usage dans les territoires du pacifique| }} '''Falansia''' (''France'' na lokótá ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[esé]] ya [[Erópa]] ya límbe. [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[Category:Falansia|*]] [[af:Frankryk]] [[als:Frankreich]] [[an:Franzia]] [[ang:Francland]] [[ar:فرنسا]] [[ast:Francia]] [[be:Францыя]] [[bg:Франция]] [[bn:ফ্রান্স]] [[br:Bro-C'hall]] [[bs:Francuska]] [[ca:França]] [[co:Francia]] [[cs:Francie]] [[csb:Francëjô]] [[cv:Франци]] [[cy:Ffrainc]] [[da:Frankrig]] [[de:Frankreich]] [[el:Γαλλία]] [[en:France]] [[eo:Francio]] [[es:Francia]] [[et:Prantsusmaa]] [[eu:Frantzia]] [[fa:فرانسه]] [[fi:Ranska]] [[fiu-vro:Prantsusmaa]] [[fr:France]] [[frp:France]] [[fy:Frankryk]] [[ga:An Fhrainc]] [[gd:An Fhraing]] [[gl:Francia - France]] [[gu:ફ્રાઁસ]] [[gv:Yn Rank]] [[he:צרפת]] [[hi:फ़्राँस]] [[hr:Francuska]] [[ht:Frans]] [[hu:Franciaország]] [[hy:Ֆրանսիա]] [[ia:Francia]] [[id:Perancis]] [[ilo:Francia]] [[io:Francia]] [[is:Frakkland]] [[it:Francia]] [[ja:フランス]] [[jbo:fasygu'e]] [[ka:საფრანგეთი]] [[ko:프랑스]] [[ks:फ्रांस]] [[ku:Fransa]] [[kw:Pow Frynk]] [[la:Francia]] [[lad:Fransia]] [[lb:Frankräich]] [[li:Frankriek]] [[lmo:Francja]] [[lt:Prancūzija]] [[lv:Francija]] [[mg:Frantsa]] [[mk:Франција]] [[mn:Франц улс]] [[mr:फ्रांस]] [[ms:Perancis]] [[na:France]] [[nds:Frankriek]] [[nds-nl:Fraankriek]] [[ne:फ्रान्स]] [[nl:Frankrijk]] [[nn:Frankrike]] [[no:Frankrike]] [[nrm:France]] [[oc:França]] [[os:Франц]] [[pam:France]] [[pl:Francja]] [[ps:فرانسه]] [[pt:França]] [[rm:Frantscha]] [[rmy:Franchiya]] [[ro:Franţa]] [[ru:Франция]] [[sa:फ्रांस]] [[sc:Frantza]] [[scn:Francia]] [[sco:Fraunce]] [[sh:Francuska]] [[simple:France]] [[sk:Francúzsko]] [[sl:Francija]] [[sq:Franca]] [[sr:Француска]] [[st:France]] [[sv:Frankrike]] [[sw:Ufaransa]] [[ta:பிரான்ஸ்]] [[tet:Fransa]] [[tg:Фаронса]] [[th:ประเทศฝรั่งเศส]] [[tl:Pransya]] [[tpi:Pranis]] [[tr:Fransa]] [[ug:فرانسىيە]] [[uk:Франція]] [[ur:فرانس]] [[vec:Franzsa]] [[vi:Pháp]] [[zh:法国]] [[zh-min-nan:Hoat-kok]] [[zh-yue:法國]] 9100 2006-08-13T18:24:55Z Escarbot 73 robot Modifie: [[nds-nl:Frankriek]] {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Falansia| nkómbó_na_lokótá = République française| image_flag = Flag of France.svg | image_coat = Logo de la République française 300 dpi.png | image_map = LocationFrance.png | mokáno = Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité| loyémbo = [[La Marseillaise]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = -| mbóka-mokonzi = Pari| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Pari]]| coordonnées_capitale=48° 51'39 N, 2° 20'43 E | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Falansia|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] <br />&nbsp;- [[Mokambi Bulamatari na yě]]| nkómbó_mokambi = [[Jacques Chirac]] <br /> [[Dominique de Villepin]]| etando = 675 417 <small><sup>1</sup></small>| etando_limati =ya 40| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =2 E9| ndámbo_mái =0.26%| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 63 604 551 <small><sup>2</sup></small>| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2005| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=20 | bato_na_etando = 93,59 <small><sup>3</sup></small>| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 3 | bato_botángi = 54 894 854| bato_botángi_mbúla= 1984| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 0| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 000| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - [[**Traité de Verdun]]| established_dates = <br/>- 843 | mosɔlɔ = [[Ero]]|currency_code=EUR <small><sup>4</sup></small>| ngonga = [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:FR|fr]] (.re .mq .gp .tf .nc .pf .wf .pm .yt pour les DOM-TOM et collectivités territoriales)| calling_code = 33| footnotes = [[Image:france cities.png|290px]] <br><small><sup>1</sup></small> **dont 543 965 en France métropolitaine<br /><small><sup>2</sup></small> **dont 60 656 178 en France métropolitaine<br /><small><sup>3</sup></small> **densité métropolitaine 111,51<br /><small><sup>4</sup></small> [[Franc CFP]] **en usage dans les territoires du pacifique| }} '''Falansia''' (''France'' na lokótá ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[esé]] ya [[Erópa]] ya límbe. [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[Category:Falansia|*]] [[af:Frankryk]] [[als:Frankreich]] [[an:Franzia]] [[ang:Francland]] [[ar:فرنسا]] [[ast:Francia]] [[be:Францыя]] [[bg:Франция]] [[bn:ফ্রান্স]] [[br:Bro-C'hall]] [[bs:Francuska]] [[ca:França]] [[co:Francia]] [[cs:Francie]] [[csb:Francëjô]] [[cv:Франци]] [[cy:Ffrainc]] [[da:Frankrig]] [[de:Frankreich]] [[el:Γαλλία]] [[en:France]] [[eo:Francio]] [[es:Francia]] [[et:Prantsusmaa]] [[eu:Frantzia]] [[fa:فرانسه]] [[fi:Ranska]] [[fiu-vro:Prantsusmaa]] [[fr:France]] [[frp:France]] [[fy:Frankryk]] [[ga:An Fhrainc]] [[gd:An Fhraing]] [[gl:Francia - France]] [[gu:ફ્રાઁસ]] [[gv:Yn Rank]] [[he:צרפת]] [[hi:फ़्राँस]] [[hr:Francuska]] [[ht:Frans]] [[hu:Franciaország]] [[hy:Ֆրանսիա]] [[ia:Francia]] [[id:Perancis]] [[ilo:Francia]] [[io:Francia]] [[is:Frakkland]] [[it:Francia]] [[ja:フランス]] [[jbo:fasygu'e]] [[ka:საფრანგეთი]] [[ko:프랑스]] [[ks:फ्रांस]] [[ku:Fransa]] [[kw:Pow Frynk]] [[la:Francia]] [[lad:Fransia]] [[lb:Frankräich]] [[li:Frankriek]] [[lmo:Francja]] [[lt:Prancūzija]] [[lv:Francija]] [[mg:Frantsa]] [[mk:Франција]] [[mn:Франц улс]] [[mr:फ्रांस]] [[ms:Perancis]] [[na:France]] [[nds:Frankriek]] [[nds-nl:Frankriek]] [[ne:फ्रान्स]] [[nl:Frankrijk]] [[nn:Frankrike]] [[no:Frankrike]] [[nrm:France]] [[oc:França]] [[os:Франц]] [[pam:France]] [[pl:Francja]] [[ps:فرانسه]] [[pt:França]] [[rm:Frantscha]] [[rmy:Franchiya]] [[ro:Franţa]] [[ru:Франция]] [[sa:फ्रांस]] [[sc:Frantza]] [[scn:Francia]] [[sco:Fraunce]] [[sh:Francuska]] [[simple:France]] [[sk:Francúzsko]] [[sl:Francija]] [[sq:Franca]] [[sr:Француска]] [[st:France]] [[sv:Frankrike]] [[sw:Ufaransa]] [[ta:பிரான்ஸ்]] [[tet:Fransa]] [[tg:Фаронса]] [[th:ประเทศฝรั่งเศส]] [[tl:Pransya]] [[tpi:Pranis]] [[tr:Fransa]] [[ug:فرانسىيە]] [[uk:Франція]] [[ur:فرانس]] [[vec:Franzsa]] [[vi:Pháp]] [[zh:法国]] [[zh-min-nan:Hoat-kok]] [[zh-yue:法國]] 9309 2006-08-31T20:06:56Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[ty:Farāni]] Modifie: [[gd:A' Fhraing]], [[mr:फ्रान्स]] {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Falansia| nkómbó_na_lokótá = République française| image_flag = Flag of France.svg | image_coat = Logo de la République française 300 dpi.png | image_map = LocationFrance.png | mokáno = Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité| loyémbo = [[La Marseillaise]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = -| mbóka-mokonzi = Pari| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Pari]]| coordonnées_capitale=48° 51'39 N, 2° 20'43 E | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Falansia|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] <br />&nbsp;- [[Mokambi Bulamatari na yě]]| nkómbó_mokambi = [[Jacques Chirac]] <br /> [[Dominique de Villepin]]| etando = 675 417 <small><sup>1</sup></small>| etando_limati =ya 40| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =2 E9| ndámbo_mái =0.26%| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 63 604 551 <small><sup>2</sup></small>| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2005| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=20 | bato_na_etando = 93,59 <small><sup>3</sup></small>| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 3 | bato_botángi = 54 894 854| bato_botángi_mbúla= 1984| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 0| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 000| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - [[**Traité de Verdun]]| established_dates = <br/>- 843 | mosɔlɔ = [[Ero]]|currency_code=EUR <small><sup>4</sup></small>| ngonga = [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:FR|fr]] (.re .mq .gp .tf .nc .pf .wf .pm .yt pour les DOM-TOM et collectivités territoriales)| calling_code = 33| footnotes = [[Image:france cities.png|290px]] <br><small><sup>1</sup></small> **dont 543 965 en France métropolitaine<br /><small><sup>2</sup></small> **dont 60 656 178 en France métropolitaine<br /><small><sup>3</sup></small> **densité métropolitaine 111,51<br /><small><sup>4</sup></small> [[Franc CFP]] **en usage dans les territoires du pacifique| }} '''Falansia''' (''France'' na lokótá ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[esé]] ya [[Erópa]] ya límbe. [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[Category:Falansia|*]] [[af:Frankryk]] [[als:Frankreich]] [[an:Franzia]] [[ang:Francland]] [[ar:فرنسا]] [[ast:Francia]] [[be:Францыя]] [[bg:Франция]] [[bn:ফ্রান্স]] [[br:Bro-C'hall]] [[bs:Francuska]] [[ca:França]] [[co:Francia]] [[cs:Francie]] [[csb:Francëjô]] [[cv:Франци]] [[cy:Ffrainc]] [[da:Frankrig]] [[de:Frankreich]] [[el:Γαλλία]] [[en:France]] [[eo:Francio]] [[es:Francia]] [[et:Prantsusmaa]] [[eu:Frantzia]] [[fa:فرانسه]] [[fi:Ranska]] [[fiu-vro:Prantsusmaa]] [[fr:France]] [[frp:France]] [[fy:Frankryk]] [[ga:An Fhrainc]] [[gd:A' Fhraing]] [[gl:Francia - France]] [[gu:ફ્રાઁસ]] [[gv:Yn Rank]] [[he:צרפת]] [[hi:फ़्राँस]] [[hr:Francuska]] [[ht:Frans]] [[hu:Franciaország]] [[hy:Ֆրանսիա]] [[ia:Francia]] [[id:Perancis]] [[ilo:Francia]] [[io:Francia]] [[is:Frakkland]] [[it:Francia]] [[ja:フランス]] [[jbo:fasygu'e]] [[ka:საფრანგეთი]] [[ko:프랑스]] [[ks:फ्रांस]] [[ku:Fransa]] [[kw:Pow Frynk]] [[la:Francia]] [[lad:Fransia]] [[lb:Frankräich]] [[li:Frankriek]] [[lmo:Francja]] [[lt:Prancūzija]] [[lv:Francija]] [[mg:Frantsa]] [[mk:Франција]] [[mn:Франц улс]] [[mr:फ्रान्स]] [[ms:Perancis]] [[na:France]] [[nds:Frankriek]] [[nds-nl:Frankriek]] [[ne:फ्रान्स]] [[nl:Frankrijk]] [[nn:Frankrike]] [[no:Frankrike]] [[nrm:France]] [[oc:França]] [[os:Франц]] [[pam:France]] [[pl:Francja]] [[ps:فرانسه]] [[pt:França]] [[rm:Frantscha]] [[rmy:Franchiya]] [[ro:Franţa]] [[ru:Франция]] [[sa:फ्रांस]] [[sc:Frantza]] [[scn:Francia]] [[sco:Fraunce]] [[sh:Francuska]] [[simple:France]] [[sk:Francúzsko]] [[sl:Francija]] [[sq:Franca]] [[sr:Француска]] [[st:France]] [[sv:Frankrike]] [[sw:Ufaransa]] [[ta:பிரான்ஸ்]] [[tet:Fransa]] [[tg:Фаронса]] [[th:ประเทศฝรั่งเศส]] [[tl:Pransya]] [[tpi:Pranis]] [[tr:Fransa]] [[ty:Farāni]] [[ug:فرانسىيە]] [[uk:Франція]] [[ur:فرانس]] [[vec:Franzsa]] [[vi:Pháp]] [[zh:法国]] [[zh-min-nan:Hoat-kok]] [[zh-yue:法國]] 9331 2006-09-10T00:30:55Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Modifie: gd {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Falansia| nkómbó_na_lokótá = République française| image_flag = Flag of France.svg | image_coat = Logo de la République française 300 dpi.png | image_map = LocationFrance.png | mokáno = Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité| loyémbo = [[La Marseillaise]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = -| mbóka-mokonzi = Pari| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Pari]]| coordonnées_capitale=48° 51'39 N, 2° 20'43 E | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Falansia|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] <br />&nbsp;- [[Mokambi Bulamatari na yě]]| nkómbó_mokambi = [[Jacques Chirac]] <br /> [[Dominique de Villepin]]| etando = 675 417 <small><sup>1</sup></small>| etando_limati =ya 40| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =2 E9| ndámbo_mái =0.26%| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 63 604 551 <small><sup>2</sup></small>| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2005| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=20 | bato_na_etando = 93,59 <small><sup>3</sup></small>| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 3 | bato_botángi = 54 894 854| bato_botángi_mbúla= 1984| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 0| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 000| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - [[**Traité de Verdun]]| established_dates = <br/>- 843 | mosɔlɔ = [[Ero]]|currency_code=EUR <small><sup>4</sup></small>| ngonga = [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:FR|fr]] (.re .mq .gp .tf .nc .pf .wf .pm .yt pour les DOM-TOM et collectivités territoriales)| calling_code = 33| footnotes = [[Image:france cities.png|290px]] <br><small><sup>1</sup></small> **dont 543 965 en France métropolitaine<br /><small><sup>2</sup></small> **dont 60 656 178 en France métropolitaine<br /><small><sup>3</sup></small> **densité métropolitaine 111,51<br /><small><sup>4</sup></small> [[Franc CFP]] **en usage dans les territoires du pacifique| }} '''Falansia''' (''France'' na lokótá ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[esé]] ya [[Erópa]] ya límbe. [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[Category:Falansia|*]] [[af:Frankryk]] [[als:Frankreich]] [[an:Franzia]] [[ang:Francland]] [[ar:فرنسا]] [[ast:Francia]] [[be:Францыя]] [[bg:Франция]] [[bn:ফ্রান্স]] [[br:Bro-C'hall]] [[bs:Francuska]] [[ca:França]] [[co:Francia]] [[cs:Francie]] [[csb:Francëjô]] [[cv:Франци]] [[cy:Ffrainc]] [[da:Frankrig]] [[de:Frankreich]] [[el:Γαλλία]] [[en:France]] [[eo:Francio]] [[es:Francia]] [[et:Prantsusmaa]] [[eu:Frantzia]] [[fa:فرانسه]] [[fi:Ranska]] [[fiu-vro:Prantsusmaa]] [[fr:France]] [[frp:France]] [[fy:Frankryk]] [[ga:An Fhrainc]] [[gd:An Fhraing]] [[gl:Francia - France]] [[gu:ફ્રાઁસ]] [[gv:Yn Rank]] [[he:צרפת]] [[hi:फ़्राँस]] [[hr:Francuska]] [[ht:Frans]] [[hu:Franciaország]] [[hy:Ֆրանսիա]] [[ia:Francia]] [[id:Perancis]] [[ilo:Francia]] [[io:Francia]] [[is:Frakkland]] [[it:Francia]] [[ja:フランス]] [[jbo:fasygu'e]] [[ka:საფრანგეთი]] [[ko:프랑스]] [[ks:फ्रांस]] [[ku:Fransa]] [[kw:Pow Frynk]] [[la:Francia]] [[lad:Fransia]] [[lb:Frankräich]] [[li:Frankriek]] [[lmo:Francja]] [[lt:Prancūzija]] [[lv:Francija]] [[mg:Frantsa]] [[mk:Франција]] [[mn:Франц улс]] [[mr:फ्रान्स]] [[ms:Perancis]] [[na:France]] [[nds:Frankriek]] [[nds-nl:Frankriek]] [[ne:फ्रान्स]] [[nl:Frankrijk]] [[nn:Frankrike]] [[no:Frankrike]] [[nrm:France]] [[oc:França]] [[os:Франц]] [[pam:France]] [[pl:Francja]] [[ps:فرانسه]] [[pt:França]] [[rm:Frantscha]] [[rmy:Franchiya]] [[ro:Franţa]] [[ru:Франция]] [[sa:फ्रांस]] [[sc:Frantza]] [[scn:Francia]] [[sco:Fraunce]] [[sh:Francuska]] [[simple:France]] [[sk:Francúzsko]] [[sl:Francija]] [[sq:Franca]] [[sr:Француска]] [[st:France]] [[sv:Frankrike]] [[sw:Ufaransa]] [[ta:பிரான்ஸ்]] [[tet:Fransa]] [[tg:Фаронса]] [[th:ประเทศฝรั่งเศส]] [[tl:Pransya]] [[tpi:Pranis]] [[tr:Fransa]] [[ty:Farāni]] [[ug:فرانسىيە]] [[uk:Франція]] [[ur:فرانس]] [[vec:Franzsa]] [[vi:Pháp]] [[zh:法国]] [[zh-min-nan:Hoat-kok]] [[zh-yue:法國]] 9354 2006-09-16T09:54:29Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[arc:ܦܪܢܣܐ]] {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Falansia| nkómbó_na_lokótá = République française| image_flag = Flag of France.svg | image_coat = Logo de la République française 300 dpi.png | image_map = LocationFrance.png | mokáno = Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité| loyémbo = [[La Marseillaise]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = -| mbóka-mokonzi = Pari| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Pari]]| coordonnées_capitale=48° 51'39 N, 2° 20'43 E | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Falansia|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] <br />&nbsp;- [[Mokambi Bulamatari na yě]]| nkómbó_mokambi = [[Jacques Chirac]] <br /> [[Dominique de Villepin]]| etando = 675 417 <small><sup>1</sup></small>| etando_limati =ya 40| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =2 E9| ndámbo_mái =0.26%| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 63 604 551 <small><sup>2</sup></small>| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2005| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=20 | bato_na_etando = 93,59 <small><sup>3</sup></small>| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 3 | bato_botángi = 54 894 854| bato_botángi_mbúla= 1984| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 0| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 000| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - [[**Traité de Verdun]]| established_dates = <br/>- 843 | mosɔlɔ = [[Ero]]|currency_code=EUR <small><sup>4</sup></small>| ngonga = [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:FR|fr]] (.re .mq .gp .tf .nc .pf .wf .pm .yt pour les DOM-TOM et collectivités territoriales)| calling_code = 33| footnotes = [[Image:france cities.png|290px]] <br><small><sup>1</sup></small> **dont 543 965 en France métropolitaine<br /><small><sup>2</sup></small> **dont 60 656 178 en France métropolitaine<br /><small><sup>3</sup></small> **densité métropolitaine 111,51<br /><small><sup>4</sup></small> [[Franc CFP]] **en usage dans les territoires du pacifique| }} '''Falansia''' (''France'' na lokótá ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[esé]] ya [[Erópa]] ya límbe. [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[Category:Falansia|*]] [[af:Frankryk]] [[als:Frankreich]] [[an:Franzia]] [[ang:Francland]] [[ar:فرنسا]] [[arc:ܦܪܢܣܐ]] [[ast:Francia]] [[be:Францыя]] [[bg:Франция]] [[bn:ফ্রান্স]] [[br:Bro-C'hall]] [[bs:Francuska]] [[ca:França]] [[co:Francia]] [[cs:Francie]] [[csb:Francëjô]] [[cv:Франци]] [[cy:Ffrainc]] [[da:Frankrig]] [[de:Frankreich]] [[el:Γαλλία]] [[en:France]] [[eo:Francio]] [[es:Francia]] [[et:Prantsusmaa]] [[eu:Frantzia]] [[fa:فرانسه]] [[fi:Ranska]] [[fiu-vro:Prantsusmaa]] [[fr:France]] [[frp:France]] [[fy:Frankryk]] [[ga:An Fhrainc]] [[gd:An Fhraing]] [[gl:Francia - France]] [[gu:ફ્રાઁસ]] [[gv:Yn Rank]] [[he:צרפת]] [[hi:फ़्राँस]] [[hr:Francuska]] [[ht:Frans]] [[hu:Franciaország]] [[hy:Ֆրանսիա]] [[ia:Francia]] [[id:Perancis]] [[ilo:Francia]] [[io:Francia]] [[is:Frakkland]] [[it:Francia]] [[ja:フランス]] [[jbo:fasygu'e]] [[ka:საფრანგეთი]] [[ko:프랑스]] [[ks:फ्रांस]] [[ku:Fransa]] [[kw:Pow Frynk]] [[la:Francia]] [[lad:Fransia]] [[lb:Frankräich]] [[li:Frankriek]] [[lmo:Francja]] [[lt:Prancūzija]] [[lv:Francija]] [[mg:Frantsa]] [[mk:Франција]] [[mn:Франц улс]] [[mr:फ्रान्स]] [[ms:Perancis]] [[na:France]] [[nds:Frankriek]] [[nds-nl:Frankriek]] [[ne:फ्रान्स]] [[nl:Frankrijk]] [[nn:Frankrike]] [[no:Frankrike]] [[nrm:France]] [[oc:França]] [[os:Франц]] [[pam:France]] [[pl:Francja]] [[ps:فرانسه]] [[pt:França]] [[rm:Frantscha]] [[rmy:Franchiya]] [[ro:Franţa]] [[ru:Франция]] [[sa:फ्रांस]] [[sc:Frantza]] [[scn:Francia]] [[sco:Fraunce]] [[sh:Francuska]] [[simple:France]] [[sk:Francúzsko]] [[sl:Francija]] [[sq:Franca]] [[sr:Француска]] [[st:France]] [[sv:Frankrike]] [[sw:Ufaransa]] [[ta:பிரான்ஸ்]] [[tet:Fransa]] [[tg:Фаронса]] [[th:ประเทศฝรั่งเศส]] [[tl:Pransya]] [[tpi:Pranis]] [[tr:Fransa]] [[ty:Farāni]] [[ug:فرانسىيە]] [[uk:Франція]] [[ur:فرانس]] [[vec:Franzsa]] [[vi:Pháp]] [[zh:法国]] [[zh-min-nan:Hoat-kok]] [[zh-yue:法國]] 9391 2006-09-29T20:02:26Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: pms, roa-rup {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Falansia| nkómbó_na_lokótá = République française| image_flag = Flag of France.svg | image_coat = Logo de la République française 300 dpi.png | image_map = LocationFrance.png | mokáno = Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité| loyémbo = [[La Marseillaise]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = -| mbóka-mokonzi = Pari| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Pari]]| coordonnées_capitale=48° 51'39 N, 2° 20'43 E | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Falansia|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] <br />&nbsp;- [[Mokambi Bulamatari na yě]]| nkómbó_mokambi = [[Jacques Chirac]] <br /> [[Dominique de Villepin]]| etando = 675 417 <small><sup>1</sup></small>| etando_limati =ya 40| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =2 E9| ndámbo_mái =0.26%| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 63 604 551 <small><sup>2</sup></small>| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2005| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=20 | bato_na_etando = 93,59 <small><sup>3</sup></small>| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 3 | bato_botángi = 54 894 854| bato_botángi_mbúla= 1984| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 0| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 000| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - [[**Traité de Verdun]]| established_dates = <br/>- 843 | mosɔlɔ = [[Ero]]|currency_code=EUR <small><sup>4</sup></small>| ngonga = [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:FR|fr]] (.re .mq .gp .tf .nc .pf .wf .pm .yt pour les DOM-TOM et collectivités territoriales)| calling_code = 33| footnotes = [[Image:france cities.png|290px]] <br><small><sup>1</sup></small> **dont 543 965 en France métropolitaine<br /><small><sup>2</sup></small> **dont 60 656 178 en France métropolitaine<br /><small><sup>3</sup></small> **densité métropolitaine 111,51<br /><small><sup>4</sup></small> [[Franc CFP]] **en usage dans les territoires du pacifique| }} '''Falansia''' (''France'' na lokótá ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[esé]] ya [[Erópa]] ya límbe. [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[Category:Falansia|*]] [[af:Frankryk]] [[als:Frankreich]] [[an:Franzia]] [[ang:Francland]] [[ar:فرنسا]] [[arc:ܦܪܢܣܐ]] [[ast:Francia]] [[be:Францыя]] [[bg:Франция]] [[bn:ফ্রান্স]] [[br:Bro-C'hall]] [[bs:Francuska]] [[ca:França]] [[co:Francia]] [[cs:Francie]] [[csb:Francëjô]] [[cv:Франци]] [[cy:Ffrainc]] [[da:Frankrig]] [[de:Frankreich]] [[el:Γαλλία]] [[en:France]] [[eo:Francio]] [[es:Francia]] [[et:Prantsusmaa]] [[eu:Frantzia]] [[fa:فرانسه]] [[fi:Ranska]] [[fiu-vro:Prantsusmaa]] [[fr:France]] [[frp:France]] [[fy:Frankryk]] [[ga:An Fhrainc]] [[gd:An Fhraing]] [[gl:Francia - France]] [[gu:ફ્રાઁસ]] [[gv:Yn Rank]] [[he:צרפת]] [[hi:फ़्राँस]] [[hr:Francuska]] [[ht:Frans]] [[hu:Franciaország]] [[hy:Ֆրանսիա]] [[ia:Francia]] [[id:Perancis]] [[ilo:Francia]] [[io:Francia]] [[is:Frakkland]] [[it:Francia]] [[ja:フランス]] [[jbo:fasygu'e]] [[ka:საფრანგეთი]] [[ko:프랑스]] [[ks:फ्रांस]] [[ku:Fransa]] [[kw:Pow Frynk]] [[la:Francia]] [[lad:Fransia]] [[lb:Frankräich]] [[li:Frankriek]] [[lmo:Francja]] [[lt:Prancūzija]] [[lv:Francija]] [[mg:Frantsa]] [[mk:Франција]] [[mn:Франц улс]] [[mr:फ्रान्स]] [[ms:Perancis]] [[na:France]] [[nds:Frankriek]] [[nds-nl:Frankriek]] [[ne:फ्रान्स]] [[nl:Frankrijk]] [[nn:Frankrike]] [[no:Frankrike]] [[nrm:France]] [[oc:França]] [[os:Франц]] [[pam:France]] [[pl:Francja]] [[pms:Fransa]] [[ps:فرانسه]] [[pt:França]] [[rm:Frantscha]] [[rmy:Franchiya]] [[ro:Franţa]] [[roa-rup:Gallia]] [[ru:Франция]] [[sa:फ्रांस]] [[sc:Frantza]] [[scn:Francia]] [[sco:Fraunce]] [[sh:Francuska]] [[simple:France]] [[sk:Francúzsko]] [[sl:Francija]] [[sq:Franca]] [[sr:Француска]] [[st:France]] [[sv:Frankrike]] [[sw:Ufaransa]] [[ta:பிரான்ஸ்]] [[tet:Fransa]] [[tg:Фаронса]] [[th:ประเทศฝรั่งเศส]] [[tl:Pransya]] [[tpi:Pranis]] [[tr:Fransa]] [[ty:Farāni]] [[ug:فرانسىيە]] [[uk:Франція]] [[ur:فرانس]] [[vec:Franzsa]] [[vi:Pháp]] [[zh:法国]] [[zh-min-nan:Hoat-kok]] [[zh-yue:法國]] 9415 2006-10-03T18:12:07Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: [[so:Faransiis]] {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Falansia| nkómbó_na_lokótá = République française| image_flag = Flag of France.svg | image_coat = Logo de la République française 300 dpi.png | image_map = LocationFrance.png | mokáno = Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité| loyémbo = [[La Marseillaise]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = -| mbóka-mokonzi = Pari| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Pari]]| coordonnées_capitale=48° 51'39 N, 2° 20'43 E | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Falansia|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] <br />&nbsp;- [[Mokambi Bulamatari na yě]]| nkómbó_mokambi = [[Jacques Chirac]] <br /> [[Dominique de Villepin]]| etando = 675 417 <small><sup>1</sup></small>| etando_limati =ya 40| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =2 E9| ndámbo_mái =0.26%| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 63 604 551 <small><sup>2</sup></small>| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2005| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=20 | bato_na_etando = 93,59 <small><sup>3</sup></small>| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 3 | bato_botángi = 54 894 854| bato_botángi_mbúla= 1984| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 0| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 000| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - [[**Traité de Verdun]]| established_dates = <br/>- 843 | mosɔlɔ = [[Ero]]|currency_code=EUR <small><sup>4</sup></small>| ngonga = [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:FR|fr]] (.re .mq .gp .tf .nc .pf .wf .pm .yt pour les DOM-TOM et collectivités territoriales)| calling_code = 33| footnotes = [[Image:france cities.png|290px]] <br><small><sup>1</sup></small> **dont 543 965 en France métropolitaine<br /><small><sup>2</sup></small> **dont 60 656 178 en France métropolitaine<br /><small><sup>3</sup></small> **densité métropolitaine 111,51<br /><small><sup>4</sup></small> [[Franc CFP]] **en usage dans les territoires du pacifique| }} '''Falansia''' (''France'' na lokótá ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[esé]] ya [[Erópa]] ya límbe. [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[Category:Falansia|*]] [[af:Frankryk]] [[als:Frankreich]] [[an:Franzia]] [[ang:Francland]] [[ar:فرنسا]] [[arc:ܦܪܢܣܐ]] [[ast:Francia]] [[be:Францыя]] [[bg:Франция]] [[bn:ফ্রান্স]] [[br:Bro-C'hall]] [[bs:Francuska]] [[ca:França]] [[co:Francia]] [[cs:Francie]] [[csb:Francëjô]] [[cv:Франци]] [[cy:Ffrainc]] [[da:Frankrig]] [[de:Frankreich]] [[el:Γαλλία]] [[en:France]] [[eo:Francio]] [[es:Francia]] [[et:Prantsusmaa]] [[eu:Frantzia]] [[fa:فرانسه]] [[fi:Ranska]] [[fiu-vro:Prantsusmaa]] [[fr:France]] [[frp:France]] [[fy:Frankryk]] [[ga:An Fhrainc]] [[gd:An Fhraing]] [[gl:Francia - France]] [[gu:ફ્રાઁસ]] [[gv:Yn Rank]] [[he:צרפת]] [[hi:फ़्राँस]] [[hr:Francuska]] [[ht:Frans]] [[hu:Franciaország]] [[hy:Ֆրանսիա]] [[ia:Francia]] [[id:Perancis]] [[ilo:Francia]] [[io:Francia]] [[is:Frakkland]] [[it:Francia]] [[ja:フランス]] [[jbo:fasygu'e]] [[ka:საფრანგეთი]] [[ko:프랑스]] [[ks:फ्रांस]] [[ku:Fransa]] [[kw:Pow Frynk]] [[la:Francia]] [[lad:Fransia]] [[lb:Frankräich]] [[li:Frankriek]] [[lmo:Francja]] [[lt:Prancūzija]] [[lv:Francija]] [[mg:Frantsa]] [[mk:Франција]] [[mn:Франц улс]] [[mr:फ्रान्स]] [[ms:Perancis]] [[na:France]] [[nds:Frankriek]] [[nds-nl:Frankriek]] [[ne:फ्रान्स]] [[nl:Frankrijk]] [[nn:Frankrike]] [[no:Frankrike]] [[nrm:France]] [[oc:França]] [[os:Франц]] [[pam:France]] [[pl:Francja]] [[pms:Fransa]] [[ps:فرانسه]] [[pt:França]] [[rm:Frantscha]] [[rmy:Franchiya]] [[ro:Franţa]] [[roa-rup:Gallia]] [[ru:Франция]] [[sa:फ्रांस]] [[sc:Frantza]] [[scn:Francia]] [[sco:Fraunce]] [[sh:Francuska]] [[simple:France]] [[sk:Francúzsko]] [[sl:Francija]] [[so:Faransiis]] [[sq:Franca]] [[sr:Француска]] [[st:France]] [[sv:Frankrike]] [[sw:Ufaransa]] [[ta:பிரான்ஸ்]] [[tet:Fransa]] [[tg:Фаронса]] [[th:ประเทศฝรั่งเศส]] [[tl:Pransya]] [[tpi:Pranis]] [[tr:Fransa]] [[ty:Farāni]] [[ug:فرانسىيە]] [[uk:Франція]] [[ur:فرانس]] [[vec:Franzsa]] [[vi:Pháp]] [[zh:法国]] [[zh-min-nan:Hoat-kok]] [[zh-yue:法國]] 9423 2006-10-07T19:00:24Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[bar:Frankreich]] {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Falansia| nkómbó_na_lokótá = République française| image_flag = Flag of France.svg | image_coat = Logo de la République française 300 dpi.png | image_map = LocationFrance.png | mokáno = Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité| loyémbo = [[La Marseillaise]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = -| mbóka-mokonzi = Pari| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Pari]]| coordonnées_capitale=48° 51'39 N, 2° 20'43 E | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Falansia|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] <br />&nbsp;- [[Mokambi Bulamatari na yě]]| nkómbó_mokambi = [[Jacques Chirac]] <br /> [[Dominique de Villepin]]| etando = 675 417 <small><sup>1</sup></small>| etando_limati =ya 40| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =2 E9| ndámbo_mái =0.26%| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 63 604 551 <small><sup>2</sup></small>| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2005| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=20 | bato_na_etando = 93,59 <small><sup>3</sup></small>| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 3 | bato_botángi = 54 894 854| bato_botángi_mbúla= 1984| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 0| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 000| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - [[**Traité de Verdun]]| established_dates = <br/>- 843 | mosɔlɔ = [[Ero]]|currency_code=EUR <small><sup>4</sup></small>| ngonga = [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:FR|fr]] (.re .mq .gp .tf .nc .pf .wf .pm .yt pour les DOM-TOM et collectivités territoriales)| calling_code = 33| footnotes = [[Image:france cities.png|290px]] <br><small><sup>1</sup></small> **dont 543 965 en France métropolitaine<br /><small><sup>2</sup></small> **dont 60 656 178 en France métropolitaine<br /><small><sup>3</sup></small> **densité métropolitaine 111,51<br /><small><sup>4</sup></small> [[Franc CFP]] **en usage dans les territoires du pacifique| }} '''Falansia''' (''France'' na lokótá ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[esé]] ya [[Erópa]] ya límbe. [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[Category:Falansia|*]] [[af:Frankryk]] [[als:Frankreich]] [[an:Franzia]] [[ang:Francland]] [[ar:فرنسا]] [[arc:ܦܪܢܣܐ]] [[ast:Francia]] [[bar:Frankreich]] [[be:Францыя]] [[bg:Франция]] [[bn:ফ্রান্স]] [[br:Bro-C'hall]] [[bs:Francuska]] [[ca:França]] [[co:Francia]] [[cs:Francie]] [[csb:Francëjô]] [[cv:Франци]] [[cy:Ffrainc]] [[da:Frankrig]] [[de:Frankreich]] [[el:Γαλλία]] [[en:France]] [[eo:Francio]] [[es:Francia]] [[et:Prantsusmaa]] [[eu:Frantzia]] [[fa:فرانسه]] [[fi:Ranska]] [[fiu-vro:Prantsusmaa]] [[fr:France]] [[frp:France]] [[fy:Frankryk]] [[ga:An Fhrainc]] [[gd:An Fhraing]] [[gl:Francia - France]] [[gu:ફ્રાઁસ]] [[gv:Yn Rank]] [[he:צרפת]] [[hi:फ़्राँस]] [[hr:Francuska]] [[ht:Frans]] [[hu:Franciaország]] [[hy:Ֆրանսիա]] [[ia:Francia]] [[id:Perancis]] [[ilo:Francia]] [[io:Francia]] [[is:Frakkland]] [[it:Francia]] [[ja:フランス]] [[jbo:fasygu'e]] [[ka:საფრანგეთი]] [[ko:프랑스]] [[ks:फ्रांस]] [[ku:Fransa]] [[kw:Pow Frynk]] [[la:Francia]] [[lad:Fransia]] [[lb:Frankräich]] [[li:Frankriek]] [[lmo:Francja]] [[lt:Prancūzija]] [[lv:Francija]] [[mg:Frantsa]] [[mk:Франција]] [[mn:Франц улс]] [[mr:फ्रान्स]] [[ms:Perancis]] [[na:France]] [[nds:Frankriek]] [[nds-nl:Frankriek]] [[ne:फ्रान्स]] [[nl:Frankrijk]] [[nn:Frankrike]] [[no:Frankrike]] [[nrm:France]] [[oc:França]] [[os:Франц]] [[pam:France]] [[pl:Francja]] [[pms:Fransa]] [[ps:فرانسه]] [[pt:França]] [[rm:Frantscha]] [[rmy:Franchiya]] [[ro:Franţa]] [[roa-rup:Gallia]] [[ru:Франция]] [[sa:फ्रांस]] [[sc:Frantza]] [[scn:Francia]] [[sco:Fraunce]] [[sh:Francuska]] [[simple:France]] [[sk:Francúzsko]] [[sl:Francija]] [[so:Faransiis]] [[sq:Franca]] [[sr:Француска]] [[st:France]] [[sv:Frankrike]] [[sw:Ufaransa]] [[ta:பிரான்ஸ்]] [[tet:Fransa]] [[tg:Фаронса]] [[th:ประเทศฝรั่งเศส]] [[tl:Pransya]] [[tpi:Pranis]] [[tr:Fransa]] [[ty:Farāni]] [[ug:فرانسىيە]] [[uk:Франція]] [[ur:فرانس]] [[vec:Franzsa]] [[vi:Pháp]] [[zh:法国]] [[zh-min-nan:Hoat-kok]] [[zh-yue:法國]] 9454 2006-10-11T20:51:18Z 84.75.123.252 {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Falansia| nkómbó_na_lokótá = République française| image_flag = Flag of France.svg | image_coat = Logo de la République française 300 dpi.png | image_map = LocationFrance.png | mokáno = Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité| loyémbo = [[La Marseillaise]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = -| mbóka-mokonzi = Pari| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Pari]]| coordonnées_capitale=48° 51'39 N, 2° 20'43 E | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Falansia|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] <br />&nbsp;- [[Mokambi Bulamatari na yě]]| nkómbó_mokambi = [[Jacques Chirac]] <br /> [[Dominique de Villepin]]| etando = 675 417 <small><sup>1</sup></small>| etando_limati =ya 40| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =2 E9| ndámbo_mái =0.26%| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 63 604 551 <small><sup>2</sup></small>| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2005| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=20 | bato_na_etando = 93,59 <small><sup>3</sup></small>| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 3 | bato_botángi = 54 894 854| bato_botángi_mbúla= 1984| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 0| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 000| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - [[**Traité ya Verdun]]| established_dates = <br/>- [[843]] | mosɔlɔ = [[Ero]]|currency_code=EUR <small><sup>4</sup></small>| ngonga = [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:FR|fr]] (.re .mq .gp .tf .nc .pf .wf .pm .yt pour les DOM-TOM et collectivités territoriales)| calling_code = 33| footnotes = [[Image:france cities.png|290px]] <br><small><sup>1</sup></small> **dont 543 965 en France métropolitaine<br /><small><sup>2</sup></small> **dont 60 656 178 en France métropolitaine<br /><small><sup>3</sup></small> **densité métropolitaine 111,51<br /><small><sup>4</sup></small> [[Franc CFP]] **en usage dans les territoires du pacifique| }} '''Falansia''' (''France'' na lokótá ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[esé]] ya [[Erópa]] ya límbe. [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[Category:Falansia|*]] [[af:Frankryk]] [[als:Frankreich]] [[an:Franzia]] [[ang:Francland]] [[ar:فرنسا]] [[arc:ܦܪܢܣܐ]] [[ast:Francia]] [[bar:Frankreich]] [[be:Францыя]] [[bg:Франция]] [[bn:ফ্রান্স]] [[br:Bro-C'hall]] [[bs:Francuska]] [[ca:França]] [[co:Francia]] [[cs:Francie]] [[csb:Francëjô]] [[cv:Франци]] [[cy:Ffrainc]] [[da:Frankrig]] [[de:Frankreich]] [[el:Γαλλία]] [[en:France]] [[eo:Francio]] [[es:Francia]] [[et:Prantsusmaa]] [[eu:Frantzia]] [[fa:فرانسه]] [[fi:Ranska]] [[fiu-vro:Prantsusmaa]] [[fr:France]] [[frp:France]] [[fy:Frankryk]] [[ga:An Fhrainc]] [[gd:An Fhraing]] [[gl:Francia - France]] [[gu:ફ્રાઁસ]] [[gv:Yn Rank]] [[he:צרפת]] [[hi:फ़्राँस]] [[hr:Francuska]] [[ht:Frans]] [[hu:Franciaország]] [[hy:Ֆրանսիա]] [[ia:Francia]] [[id:Perancis]] [[ilo:Francia]] [[io:Francia]] [[is:Frakkland]] [[it:Francia]] [[ja:フランス]] [[jbo:fasygu'e]] [[ka:საფრანგეთი]] [[ko:프랑스]] [[ks:फ्रांस]] [[ku:Fransa]] [[kw:Pow Frynk]] [[la:Francia]] [[lad:Fransia]] [[lb:Frankräich]] [[li:Frankriek]] [[lmo:Francja]] [[lt:Prancūzija]] [[lv:Francija]] [[mg:Frantsa]] [[mk:Франција]] [[mn:Франц улс]] [[mr:फ्रान्स]] [[ms:Perancis]] [[na:France]] [[nds:Frankriek]] [[nds-nl:Frankriek]] [[ne:फ्रान्स]] [[nl:Frankrijk]] [[nn:Frankrike]] [[no:Frankrike]] [[nrm:France]] [[oc:França]] [[os:Франц]] [[pam:France]] [[pl:Francja]] [[pms:Fransa]] [[ps:فرانسه]] [[pt:França]] [[rm:Frantscha]] [[rmy:Franchiya]] [[ro:Franţa]] [[roa-rup:Gallia]] [[ru:Франция]] [[sa:फ्रांस]] [[sc:Frantza]] [[scn:Francia]] [[sco:Fraunce]] [[sh:Francuska]] [[simple:France]] [[sk:Francúzsko]] [[sl:Francija]] [[so:Faransiis]] [[sq:Franca]] [[sr:Француска]] [[st:France]] [[sv:Frankrike]] [[sw:Ufaransa]] [[ta:பிரான்ஸ்]] [[tet:Fransa]] [[tg:Фаронса]] [[th:ประเทศฝรั่งเศส]] [[tl:Pransya]] [[tpi:Pranis]] [[tr:Fransa]] [[ty:Farāni]] [[ug:فرانسىيە]] [[uk:Франція]] [[ur:فرانس]] [[vec:Franzsa]] [[vi:Pháp]] [[zh:法国]] [[zh-min-nan:Hoat-kok]] [[zh-yue:法國]] 9563 2006-10-22T22:10:46Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: [[ksh:Frankrish]], [[qu:Fransiya]], [[vls:Vrankriek]] {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Falansia| nkómbó_na_lokótá = République française| image_flag = Flag of France.svg | image_coat = Logo de la République française 300 dpi.png | image_map = LocationFrance.png | mokáno = Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité| loyémbo = [[La Marseillaise]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = -| mbóka-mokonzi = Pari| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Pari]]| coordonnées_capitale=48° 51'39 N, 2° 20'43 E | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Falansia|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] <br />&nbsp;- [[Mokambi Bulamatari na yě]]| nkómbó_mokambi = [[Jacques Chirac]] <br /> [[Dominique de Villepin]]| etando = 675 417 <small><sup>1</sup></small>| etando_limati =ya 40| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =2 E9| ndámbo_mái =0.26%| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 63 604 551 <small><sup>2</sup></small>| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2005| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=20 | bato_na_etando = 93,59 <small><sup>3</sup></small>| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 3 | bato_botángi = 54 894 854| bato_botángi_mbúla= 1984| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 0| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 000| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - [[**Traité ya Verdun]]| established_dates = <br/>- [[843]] | mosɔlɔ = [[Ero]]|currency_code=EUR <small><sup>4</sup></small>| ngonga = [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:FR|fr]] (.re .mq .gp .tf .nc .pf .wf .pm .yt pour les DOM-TOM et collectivités territoriales)| calling_code = 33| footnotes = [[Image:france cities.png|290px]] <br><small><sup>1</sup></small> **dont 543 965 en France métropolitaine<br /><small><sup>2</sup></small> **dont 60 656 178 en France métropolitaine<br /><small><sup>3</sup></small> **densité métropolitaine 111,51<br /><small><sup>4</sup></small> [[Franc CFP]] **en usage dans les territoires du pacifique| }} '''Falansia''' (''France'' na lokótá ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[esé]] ya [[Erópa]] ya límbe. [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[Category:Falansia|*]] [[bar:Frankreich]] [[af:Frankryk]] [[als:Frankreich]] [[an:Franzia]] [[ang:Francland]] [[ar:فرنسا]] [[arc:ܦܪܢܣܐ]] [[ast:Francia]] [[be:Францыя]] [[bg:Франция]] [[bn:ফ্রান্স]] [[br:Bro-C'hall]] [[bs:Francuska]] [[ca:França]] [[co:Francia]] [[cs:Francie]] [[csb:Francëjô]] [[cv:Франци]] [[cy:Ffrainc]] [[da:Frankrig]] [[de:Frankreich]] [[el:Γαλλία]] [[en:France]] [[eo:Francio]] [[es:Francia]] [[et:Prantsusmaa]] [[eu:Frantzia]] [[fa:فرانسه]] [[fi:Ranska]] [[fiu-vro:Prantsusmaa]] [[fr:France]] [[frp:France]] [[fy:Frankryk]] [[ga:An Fhrainc]] [[gd:An Fhraing]] [[gl:Francia - France]] [[gu:ફ્રાઁસ]] [[gv:Yn Rank]] [[he:צרפת]] [[hi:फ़्राँस]] [[hr:Francuska]] [[ht:Frans]] [[hu:Franciaország]] [[hy:Ֆրանսիա]] [[ia:Francia]] [[id:Perancis]] [[ilo:Francia]] [[io:Francia]] [[is:Frakkland]] [[it:Francia]] [[ja:フランス]] [[jbo:fasygu'e]] [[ka:საფრანგეთი]] [[ko:프랑스]] [[ks:फ्रांस]] [[ksh:Frankrish]] [[ku:Fransa]] [[kw:Pow Frynk]] [[la:Francia]] [[lad:Fransia]] [[lb:Frankräich]] [[li:Frankriek]] [[lmo:Francja]] [[lt:Prancūzija]] [[lv:Francija]] [[mg:Frantsa]] [[mk:Франција]] [[mn:Франц улс]] [[mr:फ्रान्स]] [[ms:Perancis]] [[na:France]] [[nds:Frankriek]] [[nds-nl:Frankriek]] [[ne:फ्रान्स]] [[nl:Frankrijk]] [[nn:Frankrike]] [[no:Frankrike]] [[nrm:France]] [[oc:França]] [[os:Франц]] [[pam:France]] [[pl:Francja]] [[pms:Fransa]] [[ps:فرانسه]] [[pt:França]] [[qu:Fransiya]] [[rm:Frantscha]] [[rmy:Franchiya]] [[ro:Franţa]] [[roa-rup:Gallia]] [[ru:Франция]] [[sa:फ्रांस]] [[sc:Frantza]] [[scn:Francia]] [[sco:Fraunce]] [[sh:Francuska]] [[simple:France]] [[sk:Francúzsko]] [[sl:Francija]] [[so:Faransiis]] [[sq:Franca]] [[sr:Француска]] [[st:France]] [[sv:Frankrike]] [[sw:Ufaransa]] [[ta:பிரான்ஸ்]] [[tet:Fransa]] [[tg:Фаронса]] [[th:ประเทศฝรั่งเศส]] [[tl:Pransya]] [[tpi:Pranis]] [[tr:Fransa]] [[ty:Farāni]] [[ug:فرانسىيە]] [[uk:Франція]] [[ur:فرانس]] [[vec:Franzsa]] [[vi:Pháp]] [[vls:Vrankriek]] [[zh:法国]] [[zh-min-nan:Hoat-kok]] [[zh-yue:法國]] 9813 2006-11-19T17:40:40Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: [[udm:Франция]] Modifie: [[so:Faransiiska]] {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Falansia| nkómbó_na_lokótá = République française| image_flag = Flag of France.svg | image_coat = Logo de la République française 300 dpi.png | image_map = LocationFrance.png | mokáno = Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité| loyémbo = [[La Marseillaise]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = -| mbóka-mokonzi = Pari| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Pari]]| coordonnées_capitale=48° 51'39 N, 2° 20'43 E | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Falansia|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] <br />&nbsp;- [[Mokambi Bulamatari na yě]]| nkómbó_mokambi = [[Jacques Chirac]] <br /> [[Dominique de Villepin]]| etando = 675 417 <small><sup>1</sup></small>| etando_limati =ya 40| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =2 E9| ndámbo_mái =0.26%| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 63 604 551 <small><sup>2</sup></small>| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2005| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=20 | bato_na_etando = 93,59 <small><sup>3</sup></small>| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 3 | bato_botángi = 54 894 854| bato_botángi_mbúla= 1984| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 0| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 000| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - [[**Traité ya Verdun]]| established_dates = <br/>- [[843]] | mosɔlɔ = [[Ero]]|currency_code=EUR <small><sup>4</sup></small>| ngonga = [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:FR|fr]] (.re .mq .gp .tf .nc .pf .wf .pm .yt pour les DOM-TOM et collectivités territoriales)| calling_code = 33| footnotes = [[Image:france cities.png|290px]] <br><small><sup>1</sup></small> **dont 543 965 en France métropolitaine<br /><small><sup>2</sup></small> **dont 60 656 178 en France métropolitaine<br /><small><sup>3</sup></small> **densité métropolitaine 111,51<br /><small><sup>4</sup></small> [[Franc CFP]] **en usage dans les territoires du pacifique| }} '''Falansia''' (''France'' na lokótá ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[esé]] ya [[Erópa]] ya límbe. [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[Category:Falansia|*]] [[bar:Frankreich]] [[af:Frankryk]] [[als:Frankreich]] [[an:Franzia]] [[ang:Francland]] [[ar:فرنسا]] [[arc:ܦܪܢܣܐ]] [[ast:Francia]] [[be:Францыя]] [[bg:Франция]] [[bn:ফ্রান্স]] [[br:Bro-C'hall]] [[bs:Francuska]] [[ca:França]] [[co:Francia]] [[cs:Francie]] [[csb:Francëjô]] [[cv:Франци]] [[cy:Ffrainc]] [[da:Frankrig]] [[de:Frankreich]] [[el:Γαλλία]] [[en:France]] [[eo:Francio]] [[es:Francia]] [[et:Prantsusmaa]] [[eu:Frantzia]] [[fa:فرانسه]] [[fi:Ranska]] [[fiu-vro:Prantsusmaa]] [[fr:France]] [[frp:France]] [[fy:Frankryk]] [[ga:An Fhrainc]] [[gd:An Fhraing]] [[gl:Francia - France]] [[gu:ફ્રાઁસ]] [[gv:Yn Rank]] [[he:צרפת]] [[hi:फ़्राँस]] [[hr:Francuska]] [[ht:Frans]] [[hu:Franciaország]] [[hy:Ֆրանսիա]] [[ia:Francia]] [[id:Perancis]] [[ilo:Francia]] [[io:Francia]] [[is:Frakkland]] [[it:Francia]] [[ja:フランス]] [[jbo:fasygu'e]] [[ka:საფრანგეთი]] [[ko:프랑스]] [[ks:फ्रांस]] [[ksh:Frankrish]] [[ku:Fransa]] [[kw:Pow Frynk]] [[la:Francia]] [[lad:Fransia]] [[lb:Frankräich]] [[li:Frankriek]] [[lmo:Francja]] [[lt:Prancūzija]] [[lv:Francija]] [[mg:Frantsa]] [[mk:Франција]] [[mn:Франц улс]] [[mr:फ्रान्स]] [[ms:Perancis]] [[na:France]] [[nds:Frankriek]] [[nds-nl:Frankriek]] [[ne:फ्रान्स]] [[nl:Frankrijk]] [[nn:Frankrike]] [[no:Frankrike]] [[nrm:France]] [[oc:França]] [[os:Франц]] [[pam:France]] [[pl:Francja]] [[pms:Fransa]] [[ps:فرانسه]] [[pt:França]] [[qu:Fransiya]] [[rm:Frantscha]] [[rmy:Franchiya]] [[ro:Franţa]] [[roa-rup:Gallia]] [[ru:Франция]] [[sa:फ्रांस]] [[sc:Frantza]] [[scn:Francia]] [[sco:Fraunce]] [[sh:Francuska]] [[simple:France]] [[sk:Francúzsko]] [[sl:Francija]] [[so:Faransiiska]] [[sq:Franca]] [[sr:Француска]] [[st:France]] [[sv:Frankrike]] [[sw:Ufaransa]] [[ta:பிரான்ஸ்]] [[tet:Fransa]] [[tg:Фаронса]] [[th:ประเทศฝรั่งเศส]] [[tl:Pransya]] [[tpi:Pranis]] [[tr:Fransa]] [[ty:Farāni]] [[udm:Франция]] [[ug:فرانسىيە]] [[uk:Франція]] [[ur:فرانس]] [[vec:Franzsa]] [[vi:Pháp]] [[vls:Vrankriek]] [[zh:法国]] [[zh-min-nan:Hoat-kok]] [[zh-yue:法國]] 9924 2006-12-05T03:36:57Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: hsb, kn, ru-sib, zh-classical {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Falansia| nkómbó_na_lokótá = République française| image_flag = Flag of France.svg | image_coat = Logo de la République française 300 dpi.png | image_map = LocationFrance.png | mokáno = Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité| loyémbo = [[La Marseillaise]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = -| mbóka-mokonzi = Pari| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Pari]]| coordonnées_capitale=48° 51'39 N, 2° 20'43 E | loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Falansia|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] <br />&nbsp;- [[Mokambi Bulamatari na yě]]| nkómbó_mokambi = [[Jacques Chirac]] <br /> [[Dominique de Villepin]]| etando = 675 417 <small><sup>1</sup></small>| etando_limati =ya 40| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =2 E9| ndámbo_mái =0.26%| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 63 604 551 <small><sup>2</sup></small>| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2005| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=20 | bato_na_etando = 93,59 <small><sup>3</sup></small>| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 3 | bato_botángi = 54 894 854| bato_botángi_mbúla= 1984| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 0| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 000| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - [[**Traité ya Verdun]]| established_dates = <br/>- [[843]] | mosɔlɔ = [[Ero]]|currency_code=EUR <small><sup>4</sup></small>| ngonga = [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:FR|fr]] (.re .mq .gp .tf .nc .pf .wf .pm .yt pour les DOM-TOM et collectivités territoriales)| calling_code = 33| footnotes = [[Image:france cities.png|290px]] <br><small><sup>1</sup></small> **dont 543 965 en France métropolitaine<br /><small><sup>2</sup></small> **dont 60 656 178 en France métropolitaine<br /><small><sup>3</sup></small> **densité métropolitaine 111,51<br /><small><sup>4</sup></small> [[Franc CFP]] **en usage dans les territoires du pacifique| }} '''Falansia''' (''France'' na lokótá ya [[lifalansé]]) ezalí [[esé]] ya [[Erópa]] ya límbe. [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[Category:Falansia|*]] [[af:Frankryk]] [[als:Frankreich]] [[an:Franzia]] [[ang:Francland]] [[ar:فرنسا]] [[arc:ܦܪܢܣܐ]] [[ast:Francia]] [[bar:Frankreich]] [[be:Францыя]] [[bg:Франция]] [[bn:ফ্রান্স]] [[br:Bro-C'hall]] [[bs:Francuska]] [[ca:França]] [[co:Francia]] [[cs:Francie]] [[csb:Francëjô]] [[cv:Франци]] [[cy:Ffrainc]] [[da:Frankrig]] [[de:Frankreich]] [[el:Γαλλία]] [[en:France]] [[eo:Francio]] [[es:Francia]] [[et:Prantsusmaa]] [[eu:Frantzia]] [[fa:فرانسه]] [[fi:Ranska]] [[fiu-vro:Prantsusmaa]] [[fr:France]] [[frp:France]] [[fy:Frankryk]] [[ga:An Fhrainc]] [[gd:An Fhraing]] [[gl:Francia - France]] [[gu:ફ્રાઁસ]] [[gv:Yn Rank]] [[he:צרפת]] [[hi:फ़्राँस]] [[hr:Francuska]] [[hsb:Francoska]] [[ht:Frans]] [[hu:Franciaország]] [[hy:Ֆրանսիա]] [[ia:Francia]] [[id:Perancis]] [[ilo:Francia]] [[io:Francia]] [[is:Frakkland]] [[it:Francia]] [[ja:フランス]] [[jbo:fasygu'e]] [[ka:საფრანგეთი]] [[kn:ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸ್]] [[ko:프랑스]] [[ks:फ्रांस]] [[ksh:Frankrish]] [[ku:Fransa]] [[kw:Pow Frynk]] [[la:Francia]] [[lad:Fransia]] [[lb:Frankräich]] [[li:Frankriek]] [[lmo:Francja]] [[lt:Prancūzija]] [[lv:Francija]] [[mg:Frantsa]] [[mk:Франција]] [[mn:Франц улс]] [[mr:फ्रान्स]] [[ms:Perancis]] [[na:France]] [[nds:Frankriek]] [[nds-nl:Frankriek]] [[ne:फ्रान्स]] [[nl:Frankrijk]] [[nn:Frankrike]] [[no:Frankrike]] [[nrm:France]] [[oc:França]] [[os:Франц]] [[pam:France]] [[pl:Francja]] [[pms:Fransa]] [[ps:فرانسه]] [[pt:França]] [[qu:Fransiya]] [[rm:Frantscha]] [[rmy:Franchiya]] [[ro:Franţa]] [[roa-rup:Gallia]] [[ru:Франция]] [[ru-sib:Францыя]] [[sa:फ्रांस]] [[sc:Frantza]] [[scn:Francia]] [[sco:Fraunce]] [[sh:Francuska]] [[simple:France]] [[sk:Francúzsko]] [[sl:Francija]] [[so:Faransiiska]] [[sq:Franca]] [[sr:Француска]] [[st:France]] [[sv:Frankrike]] [[sw:Ufaransa]] [[ta:பிரான்ஸ்]] [[tet:Fransa]] [[tg:Фаронса]] [[th:ประเทศฝรั่งเศส]] [[tl:Pransya]] [[tpi:Pranis]] [[tr:Fransa]] [[ty:Farāni]] [[udm:Франция]] [[ug:فرانسىيە]] [[uk:Франція]] [[ur:فرانس]] [[vec:Franzsa]] [[vi:Pháp]] [[vls:Vrankriek]] [[zh:法国]] [[zh-classical:法蘭西]] [[zh-min-nan:Hoat-kok]] [[zh-yue:法國]] Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ 2287 8328 2006-05-31T14:49:01Z Moyogo 11 {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ| nkómbó_na_lokóta = République du Congo| image_flag = Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg | image_coat = Image:Congo_rep_coa.png | image_map = Image:LocationRCongo.png | mokáno = Unité, travail, progrès| loyémbo = [[La Congolaise]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = [[lingála]], [[kituba]]| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Brazzaville]]| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Brazzaville]]| loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] <br />&nbsp;- [[Mokambi Bulamatari na yě]]| nkómbó_mokambi = [[Denis Sassou-Nguesso]] <br /> [[Isidore Mvouba]]| etando = 342 000| etando_limati =ya 62| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =| ndámbo_mái =3,3%| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 3 999 000 | bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2005| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=125 | bato_na_etando = 8,6| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 213 | bato_botángi = -| bato_botángi_mbúla= -| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 4 621 million| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 0| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 000| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - [[**Traité de Verdun]]| established_dates = <br/>- 843 | mosɔlɔ = [[falánga CFA]]|currency_code=XAF| ngonga = [[CET]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:CG|cg]]| calling_code = 242| footnotes =| }} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ''' tǒ '''Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville''' ezalí [[esé]] ya [[Afríka]] ya [[Mambénga]. [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] 8329 2006-05-31T14:49:28Z Moyogo 11 coquille {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ| nkómbó_na_lokóta = République du Congo| image_flag = Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg | image_coat = Image:Congo_rep_coa.png | image_map = Image:LocationRCongo.png | mokáno = Unité, travail, progrès| loyémbo = [[La Congolaise]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = [[lingála]], [[kituba]]| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Brazzaville]]| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Brazzaville]]| loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] <br />&nbsp;- [[Mokambi Bulamatari na yě]]| nkómbó_mokambi = [[Denis Sassou-Nguesso]] <br /> [[Isidore Mvouba]]| etando = 342 000| etando_limati =ya 62| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =| ndámbo_mái =3,3%| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 3 999 000 | bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2005| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=125 | bato_na_etando = 8,6| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 213 | bato_botángi = -| bato_botángi_mbúla= -| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 4 621 million| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 0| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 000| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - [[**Traité de Verdun]]| established_dates = <br/>- 843 | mosɔlɔ = [[falánga CFA]]|currency_code=XAF| ngonga = [[CET]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:CG|cg]]| calling_code = 242| footnotes =| }} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ''' tǒ '''Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville''' ezalí [[esé]] ya [[Afríka]] ya [[Mambénga]]. [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] 8335 2006-06-01T08:34:40Z Bombo 12 interwiki; dipandia {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ| nkómbó_na_lokóta = République du Congo| image_flag = Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg | image_coat = Image:Congo_rep_coa.png | image_map = Image:LocationRCongo.png | mokáno = Unité, travail, progrès| loyémbo = [[La Congolaise]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = [[lingála]], [[kituba]]| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Brazzaville]]| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Brazzaville]]| loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] <br />&nbsp;- [[Mokambi Bulamatari na yě]]| nkómbó_mokambi = [[Denis Sassou-Nguesso]] <br /> [[Isidore Mvouba]]| etando = 342 000| etando_limati =ya 62| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =| ndámbo_mái =3,3%| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 3 999 000 | bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2005| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=125 | bato_na_etando = 8,6| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 213 | bato_botángi = -| bato_botángi_mbúla= -| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 4 621 million| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 0| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 000| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - dipanda na [[Falansia]]| established_dates = <br/>- [[15 Ogusiti]] [[1960]] | mosɔlɔ = [[falánga CFA]]|currency_code=XAF| ngonga = [[CET]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:CG|cg]]| calling_code = 242| footnotes =| }} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ''' tǒ '''Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville''' ezalí [[esé]] ya [[Afríka]] ya [[Mambénga]]. {{Template:Bisé ya Afrika}} [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو]] [[bn:কঙ্গো]] [[ca:Congo]] [[da:Republikken Congo]] [[de:Republik Kongo]] [[en:Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Brazavila]] [[es:Congo]] [[fi:Kongon tasavalta]] [[fr:République du Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה של קונגו]] [[ia:Republica del Congo]] [[id:Republik Kongo]] [[it:Repubblica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ共和国]] [[ko:콩고 공화국]] [[lt:Kongas]] [[lv:Kongo]] [[ms:Republik Congo]] [[nds:Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kongo-Brazzaville]] [[no:Republikken Kongo]] [[pl:Republika Konga]] [[pt:Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Народная Республика]] [[sk:Kongo]] [[sl:Republika Kongo]] [[sv:Republiken Kongo]] [[uk:Конго, Народна Республіка]] [[zh:刚果共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Kiōng-hô-kok]] 8336 2006-06-01T09:09:14Z Bombo 12 img {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ| nkómbó_na_lokóta = République du Congo| image_flag = Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg | image_coat = Congo_rep_coa.png | image_map = LocationRCongo.png | mokáno = Unité, travail, progrès| loyémbo = [[La Congolaise]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = [[lingála]], [[kituba]]| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Brazzaville]]| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Brazzaville]]| loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] <br />&nbsp;- [[Mokambi Bulamatari na yě]]| nkómbó_mokambi = [[Denis Sassou-Nguesso]] <br /> [[Isidore Mvouba]]| etando = 342 000| etando_limati =ya 62| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =| ndámbo_mái =3,3%| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 3 999 000 | bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2005| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=125 | bato_na_etando = 8,6| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 213 | bato_botángi = -| bato_botángi_mbúla= -| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 4 621 million| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 0| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 000| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - dipanda na [[Falansia]]| established_dates = <br/>- [[15 Ogusiti]] [[1960]] | mosɔlɔ = [[falánga CFA]]|currency_code=XAF| ngonga = [[CET]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:CG|cg]]| calling_code = 242| footnotes = [[Image:congo republic sm04.png|290px]] Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ.| }} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ''' tǒ '''Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville''' ezalí [[esé]] ya [[Afríka]] ya [[Mambénga]]. == Lokótá == ==Likambo == ==Bato == [[Image:Congo-Rep-demography.png|left|600px|center|***Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] ==Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ == [[Image:Congo_regions_named.png|right|350px|<!-->Map of the regions of the Republic of the Congo.<-->]] Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ]] *[[Bouenza Region|Bouenza]] ([[Madingou]]) *[[Cuvette Region|Cuvette]] ([[Owando]]) *[[Cuvette-Ouest Region|Cuvette-Ouest]] ([[Ewo]]) *[[Kouilou Region|Kouilou]] ([[Pointe-Noire]]) *[[Lékoumou Region|Lékoumou]] ([[Sibiti]]) *[[Likouala Region|Likouala]] ([[Impfondo]]) *[[Niari Region|Niari]] ([[Loubomo]]) *[[Plateaux Region (Congo)|Plateaux]] ([[Djambala]]) *[[Pool Region|Pool]] ([[Kinkala]]) *[[Sangha Region|Sangha]] ([[Ouésso]]) * [[Brazzaville]], the national capital, is a commune within a capital district. These regions are subdivided into 46 [[Districts of the Republic of the Congo|districts]]. ==Bikela == ===Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === ==Politiki == ==Jyografi == [[image:congo republic sm04.png|right|<!-->Map of the Republic of the Congo<-->]] ==Ekonomi == ==Kiltiri == == Divers == == Tála mpé == == Mankásá o libándá== {{Template:Bisé ya Afrika}} [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو]] [[bn:কঙ্গো]] [[ca:Congo]] [[da:Republikken Congo]] [[de:Republik Kongo]] [[en:Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Brazavila]] [[es:Congo]] [[fi:Kongon tasavalta]] [[fr:République du Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה של קונגו]] [[ia:Republica del Congo]] [[id:Republik Kongo]] [[it:Repubblica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ共和国]] [[ko:콩고 공화국]] [[lt:Kongas]] [[lv:Kongo]] [[ms:Republik Congo]] [[nds:Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kongo-Brazzaville]] [[no:Republikken Kongo]] [[pl:Republika Konga]] [[pt:Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Народная Республика]] [[sk:Kongo]] [[sl:Republika Kongo]] [[sv:Republiken Kongo]] [[uk:Конго, Народна Республіка]] [[zh:刚果共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Kiōng-hô-kok]] 8337 2006-06-01T09:10:29Z Bombo 12 /* Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ */ {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ| nkómbó_na_lokóta = République du Congo| image_flag = Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg | image_coat = Congo_rep_coa.png | image_map = LocationRCongo.png | mokáno = Unité, travail, progrès| loyémbo = [[La Congolaise]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = [[lingála]], [[kituba]]| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Brazzaville]]| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Brazzaville]]| loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] <br />&nbsp;- [[Mokambi Bulamatari na yě]]| nkómbó_mokambi = [[Denis Sassou-Nguesso]] <br /> [[Isidore Mvouba]]| etando = 342 000| etando_limati =ya 62| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =| ndámbo_mái =3,3%| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 3 999 000 | bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2005| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=125 | bato_na_etando = 8,6| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 213 | bato_botángi = -| bato_botángi_mbúla= -| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 4 621 million| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 0| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 000| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - dipanda na [[Falansia]]| established_dates = <br/>- [[15 Ogusiti]] [[1960]] | mosɔlɔ = [[falánga CFA]]|currency_code=XAF| ngonga = [[CET]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:CG|cg]]| calling_code = 242| footnotes = [[Image:congo republic sm04.png|290px]] Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ.| }} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ''' tǒ '''Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville''' ezalí [[esé]] ya [[Afríka]] ya [[Mambénga]]. == Lokótá == ==Likambo == ==Bato == [[Image:Congo-Rep-demography.png|left|600px|center|***Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] ==Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ == [[Image:Congo_regions_named.png|right|350px|<!-->Map of the regions of the Republic of the Congo.<-->]] Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ]] *[[Bouenza Region|Bouenza]] ([[Madingou]]) *[[Cuvette Region|Cuvette]] ([[Owando]]) *[[Cuvette-Ouest Region|Cuvette-Ouest]] ([[Ewo]]) *[[Kouilou Region|Kouilou]] ([[Pointe-Noire]]) *[[Lékoumou Region|Lékoumou]] ([[Sibiti]]) *[[Likouala Region|Likouala]] ([[Impfondo]]) *[[Niari Region|Niari]] ([[Loubomo]]) *[[Plateaux Region (Congo)|Plateaux]] ([[Djambala]]) *[[Pool Region|Pool]] ([[Kinkala]]) *[[Sangha Region|Sangha]] ([[Ouésso]]) * [[Brazzaville]], the national capital, is a commune within a capital district. <!-->These regions are subdivided into<!--> 46 [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ|districts]]. ==Bikela == ===Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === ==Politiki == ==Jyografi == [[image:congo republic sm04.png|right|<!-->Map of the Republic of the Congo<-->]] ==Ekonomi == ==Kiltiri == == Divers == == Tála mpé == == Mankásá o libándá== {{Template:Bisé ya Afrika}} [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو]] [[bn:কঙ্গো]] [[ca:Congo]] [[da:Republikken Congo]] [[de:Republik Kongo]] [[en:Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Brazavila]] [[es:Congo]] [[fi:Kongon tasavalta]] [[fr:République du Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה של קונגו]] [[ia:Republica del Congo]] [[id:Republik Kongo]] [[it:Repubblica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ共和国]] [[ko:콩고 공화국]] [[lt:Kongas]] [[lv:Kongo]] [[ms:Republik Congo]] [[nds:Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kongo-Brazzaville]] [[no:Republikken Kongo]] [[pl:Republika Konga]] [[pt:Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Народная Республика]] [[sk:Kongo]] [[sl:Republika Kongo]] [[sv:Republiken Kongo]] [[uk:Конго, Народна Республіка]] [[zh:刚果共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Kiōng-hô-kok]] 8464 2006-06-20T07:54:55Z 160.85.2.50 link Denis Sassou N’Guesso {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ| nkómbó_na_lokóta = République du Congo| image_flag = Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg | image_coat = Congo_rep_coa.png | image_map = LocationRCongo.png | mokáno = Unité, travail, progrès| loyémbo = [[La Congolaise]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = [[lingála]], [[kituba]]| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Brazzaville]]| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Brazzaville]]| loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] <br />&nbsp;- [[Mokambi Bulamatari na yě]]| nkómbó_mokambi = [[Denis Sassou N’Guesso|Deni Sasu N’gweso]] <br /> [[Isidore Mvouba]]| etando = 342 000| etando_limati =ya 62| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =| ndámbo_mái =3,3%| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 3 999 000 | bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2005| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=125 | bato_na_etando = 8,6| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 213 | bato_botángi = -| bato_botángi_mbúla= -| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 4 621 million| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 0| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 000| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - dipanda na [[Falansia]]| established_dates = <br/>- [[15 Ogusiti]] [[1960]] | mosɔlɔ = [[falánga CFA]]|currency_code=XAF| ngonga = [[CET]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:CG|cg]]| calling_code = 242| footnotes = [[Image:congo republic sm04.png|290px]] Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ.| }} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ''' tǒ '''Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville''' ezalí [[esé]] ya [[Afríka]] ya [[Mambénga]]. == Lokótá == ==Likambo == ==Bato == [[Image:Congo-Rep-demography.png|left|600px|center|***Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] ==Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ == [[Image:Congo_regions_named.png|right|350px|<!-->Map of the regions of the Republic of the Congo.<-->]] Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ]] *[[Bouenza Region|Bouenza]] ([[Madingou]]) *[[Cuvette Region|Cuvette]] ([[Owando]]) *[[Cuvette-Ouest Region|Cuvette-Ouest]] ([[Ewo]]) *[[Kouilou Region|Kouilou]] ([[Pointe-Noire]]) *[[Lékoumou Region|Lékoumou]] ([[Sibiti]]) *[[Likouala Region|Likouala]] ([[Impfondo]]) *[[Niari Region|Niari]] ([[Loubomo]]) *[[Plateaux Region (Congo)|Plateaux]] ([[Djambala]]) *[[Pool Region|Pool]] ([[Kinkala]]) *[[Sangha Region|Sangha]] ([[Ouésso]]) * [[Brazzaville]], the national capital, is a commune within a capital district. <!-->These regions are subdivided into<!--> 46 [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ|districts]]. ==Bikela == ===Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === ==Politiki == ==Jyografi == [[image:congo republic sm04.png|right|<!-->Map of the Republic of the Congo<-->]] ==Ekonomi == ==Kiltiri == == Divers == == Tála mpé == == Mankásá o libándá== {{Template:Bisé ya Afrika}} [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو]] [[bn:কঙ্গো]] [[ca:Congo]] [[da:Republikken Congo]] [[de:Republik Kongo]] [[en:Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Brazavila]] [[es:Congo]] [[fi:Kongon tasavalta]] [[fr:République du Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה של קונגו]] [[ia:Republica del Congo]] [[id:Republik Kongo]] [[it:Repubblica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ共和国]] [[ko:콩고 공화국]] [[lt:Kongas]] [[lv:Kongo]] [[ms:Republik Congo]] [[nds:Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kongo-Brazzaville]] [[no:Republikken Kongo]] [[pl:Republika Konga]] [[pt:Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Народная Республика]] [[sk:Kongo]] [[sl:Republika Kongo]] [[sv:Republiken Kongo]] [[uk:Конго, Народна Республіка]] [[zh:刚果共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Kiōng-hô-kok]] 8897 2006-07-13T13:29:19Z Moyogo 11 {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ| nkómbó_na_lokótá = République du Congo| image_flag = Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg | image_coat = Congo_rep_coa.png | image_map = LocationRCongo.png | mokáno = Unité, travail, progrès| loyémbo = [[La Congolaise]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = [[lingála]], [[kituba]]| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Brazzaville]]| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Brazzaville]]| loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] <br />&nbsp;- [[Mokambi Bulamatari na yě]]| nkómbó_mokambi = [[Denis Sassou N’Guesso|Deni Sasu N’gweso]] <br /> [[Isidore Mvouba]]| etando = 342 000| etando_limati =ya 62| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =| ndámbo_mái =3,3%| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 3 999 000 | bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2005| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=125 | bato_na_etando = 8,6| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 213 | bato_botángi = -| bato_botángi_mbúla= -| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 4 621 million| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 0| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 000| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - dipanda na [[Falansia]]| established_dates = <br/>- [[15 Ogusiti]] [[1960]] | mosɔlɔ = [[falánga CFA]]|currency_code=XAF| ngonga = [[CET]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:CG|cg]]| calling_code = 242| footnotes = [[Image:congo republic sm04.png|290px]] Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ.| }} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ''' tǒ '''Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville''' ezalí [[esé]] ya [[Afríka]] ya [[Mambénga]]. == Lokótá == ==Likambo == ==Bato == [[Image:Congo-Rep-demography.png|left|600px|center|***Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] ==Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ == [[Image:Congo_regions_named.png|right|350px|<!-->Map of the regions of the Republic of the Congo.<-->]] Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ]] *[[Bouenza Region|Bouenza]] ([[Madingou]]) *[[Cuvette Region|Cuvette]] ([[Owando]]) *[[Cuvette-Ouest Region|Cuvette-Ouest]] ([[Ewo]]) *[[Kouilou Region|Kouilou]] ([[Pointe-Noire]]) *[[Lékoumou Region|Lékoumou]] ([[Sibiti]]) *[[Likouala Region|Likouala]] ([[Impfondo]]) *[[Niari Region|Niari]] ([[Loubomo]]) *[[Plateaux Region (Congo)|Plateaux]] ([[Djambala]]) *[[Pool Region|Pool]] ([[Kinkala]]) *[[Sangha Region|Sangha]] ([[Ouésso]]) * [[Brazzaville]], the national capital, is a commune within a capital district. <!-->These regions are subdivided into<!--> 46 [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ|districts]]. ==Bikela == ===Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === ==Politiki == ==Jyografi == [[image:congo republic sm04.png|right|<!-->Map of the Republic of the Congo<-->]] ==Ekonomi == ==Kiltiri == == Divers == == Tála mpé == == Mankásá o libándá== {{Template:Bisé ya Afrika}} [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو]] [[bn:কঙ্গো]] [[ca:Congo]] [[da:Republikken Congo]] [[de:Republik Kongo]] [[en:Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Brazavila]] [[es:Congo]] [[fi:Kongon tasavalta]] [[fr:République du Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה של קונגו]] [[ia:Republica del Congo]] [[id:Republik Kongo]] [[it:Repubblica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ共和国]] [[ko:콩고 공화국]] [[lt:Kongas]] [[lv:Kongo]] [[ms:Republik Congo]] [[nds:Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kongo-Brazzaville]] [[no:Republikken Kongo]] [[pl:Republika Konga]] [[pt:Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Народная Республика]] [[sk:Kongo]] [[sl:Republika Kongo]] [[sv:Republiken Kongo]] [[uk:Конго, Народна Республіка]] [[zh:刚果共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Kiōng-hô-kok]] 8933 2006-07-21T18:12:24Z Moyogo 11 /* Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ */ {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ| nkómbó_na_lokótá = République du Congo| image_flag = Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg | image_coat = Congo_rep_coa.png | image_map = LocationRCongo.png | mokáno = Unité, travail, progrès| loyémbo = [[La Congolaise]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = [[lingála]], [[kituba]]| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Brazzaville]]| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Brazzaville]]| loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] <br />&nbsp;- [[Mokambi Bulamatari na yě]]| nkómbó_mokambi = [[Denis Sassou N’Guesso|Deni Sasu N’gweso]] <br /> [[Isidore Mvouba]]| etando = 342 000| etando_limati =ya 62| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =| ndámbo_mái =3,3%| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 3 999 000 | bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2005| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=125 | bato_na_etando = 8,6| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 213 | bato_botángi = -| bato_botángi_mbúla= -| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 4 621 million| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 0| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 000| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - dipanda na [[Falansia]]| established_dates = <br/>- [[15 Ogusiti]] [[1960]] | mosɔlɔ = [[falánga CFA]]|currency_code=XAF| ngonga = [[CET]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:CG|cg]]| calling_code = 242| footnotes = [[Image:congo republic sm04.png|290px]] Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ.| }} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ''' tǒ '''Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville''' ezalí [[esé]] ya [[Afríka]] ya [[Mambénga]]. == Lokótá == ==Likambo == ==Bato == [[Image:Congo-Rep-demography.png|left|600px|center|***Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] ==Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ == [[Image:Congo_regions_named.png|right|350px|<!-->Map of the regions of the Republic of the Congo.<-->]] Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ]] *[[Bouenza Region|Bouenza]] ([[Madingou]]) *[[Cuvette Region|Cuvette]] ([[Owando]]) *[[Cuvette-Ouest Region|Cuvette-Ouest]] ([[Ewo]]) *[[Kouilou Region|Kouilou]] ([[Pointe-Noire]]) *[[Lékoumou Region|Lékoumou]] ([[Sibiti]]) *[[Likouala Region|Likouala]] ([[Impfondo]]) *[[Niari Region|Niari]] ([[Loubomo]]) *[[Plateaux Region (Congo)|Plateaux]] ([[Djambala]]) *[[Pool Region|Pool]] ([[Kinkala]]) *[[Sangha Region|Sangha]] ([[Ouésso]]) * [[Brazzaville]], mbóka-mokonzi, ezalí ''commune'' o káti ya district-mokonzi. <!-->These regions are subdivided into<!--> 46 [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ|districts]]. ==Bikela == ===Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === ==Politiki == ==Jyografi == [[image:congo republic sm04.png|right|<!-->Map of the Republic of the Congo<-->]] ==Ekonomi == ==Kiltiri == == Divers == == Tála mpé == == Mankásá o libándá== {{Template:Bisé ya Afrika}} [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو]] [[bn:কঙ্গো]] [[ca:Congo]] [[da:Republikken Congo]] [[de:Republik Kongo]] [[en:Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Brazavila]] [[es:Congo]] [[fi:Kongon tasavalta]] [[fr:République du Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה של קונגו]] [[ia:Republica del Congo]] [[id:Republik Kongo]] [[it:Repubblica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ共和国]] [[ko:콩고 공화국]] [[lt:Kongas]] [[lv:Kongo]] [[ms:Republik Congo]] [[nds:Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kongo-Brazzaville]] [[no:Republikken Kongo]] [[pl:Republika Konga]] [[pt:Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Народная Республика]] [[sk:Kongo]] [[sl:Republika Kongo]] [[sv:Republiken Kongo]] [[uk:Конго, Народна Республіка]] [[zh:刚果共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Kiōng-hô-kok]] 8934 2006-07-21T18:12:48Z Moyogo 11 /* Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ */ {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ| nkómbó_na_lokótá = République du Congo| image_flag = Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg | image_coat = Congo_rep_coa.png | image_map = LocationRCongo.png | mokáno = Unité, travail, progrès| loyémbo = [[La Congolaise]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = [[lingála]], [[kituba]]| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Brazzaville]]| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Brazzaville]]| loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] <br />&nbsp;- [[Mokambi Bulamatari na yě]]| nkómbó_mokambi = [[Denis Sassou N’Guesso|Deni Sasu N’gweso]] <br /> [[Isidore Mvouba]]| etando = 342 000| etando_limati =ya 62| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =| ndámbo_mái =3,3%| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 3 999 000 | bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2005| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=125 | bato_na_etando = 8,6| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 213 | bato_botángi = -| bato_botángi_mbúla= -| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 4 621 million| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 0| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 000| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - dipanda na [[Falansia]]| established_dates = <br/>- [[15 Ogusiti]] [[1960]] | mosɔlɔ = [[falánga CFA]]|currency_code=XAF| ngonga = [[CET]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:CG|cg]]| calling_code = 242| footnotes = [[Image:congo republic sm04.png|290px]] Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ.| }} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ''' tǒ '''Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville''' ezalí [[esé]] ya [[Afríka]] ya [[Mambénga]]. == Lokótá == ==Likambo == ==Bato == [[Image:Congo-Rep-demography.png|left|600px|center|***Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] ==Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ == [[Image:Congo_regions_named.png|right|350px|<!-->Map of the regions of the Republic of the Congo.<-->]] Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ]] *[[Bouenza Region|Bouenza]] ([[Madingou]]) *[[Cuvette Region|Cuvette]] ([[Owando]]) *[[Cuvette-Ouest Region|Cuvette-Ouest]] ([[Ewo]]) *[[Kouilou Region|Kouilou]] ([[Pointe-Noire]]) *[[Lékoumou Region|Lékoumou]] ([[Sibiti]]) *[[Likouala Region|Likouala]] ([[Impfondo]]) *[[Niari Region|Niari]] ([[Loubomo]]) *[[Plateaux Region (Congo)|Plateaux]] ([[Djambala]]) *[[Pool Region|Pool]] ([[Kinkala]]) *[[Sangha Region|Sangha]] ([[Ouésso]]) * [[Brazzaville]], mbóka-mokonzi, ezalí ''commune'' o káti ya district-mokonzi. <!-->These regions are subdivided into<!-->46 [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ|districts]]. ==Bikela == ===Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === ==Politiki == ==Jyografi == [[image:congo republic sm04.png|right|<!-->Map of the Republic of the Congo<-->]] ==Ekonomi == ==Kiltiri == == Divers == == Tála mpé == == Mankásá o libándá== {{Template:Bisé ya Afrika}} [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو]] [[bn:কঙ্গো]] [[ca:Congo]] [[da:Republikken Congo]] [[de:Republik Kongo]] [[en:Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Brazavila]] [[es:Congo]] [[fi:Kongon tasavalta]] [[fr:République du Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה של קונגו]] [[ia:Republica del Congo]] [[id:Republik Kongo]] [[it:Repubblica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ共和国]] [[ko:콩고 공화국]] [[lt:Kongas]] [[lv:Kongo]] [[ms:Republik Congo]] [[nds:Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kongo-Brazzaville]] [[no:Republikken Kongo]] [[pl:Republika Konga]] [[pt:Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Народная Республика]] [[sk:Kongo]] [[sl:Republika Kongo]] [[sv:Republiken Kongo]] [[uk:Конго, Народна Республіка]] [[zh:刚果共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Kiōng-hô-kok]] 8935 2006-07-21T18:13:53Z Moyogo 11 /* Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ */ {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ| nkómbó_na_lokótá = République du Congo| image_flag = Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg | image_coat = Congo_rep_coa.png | image_map = LocationRCongo.png | mokáno = Unité, travail, progrès| loyémbo = [[La Congolaise]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = [[lingála]], [[kituba]]| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Brazzaville]]| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Brazzaville]]| loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] <br />&nbsp;- [[Mokambi Bulamatari na yě]]| nkómbó_mokambi = [[Denis Sassou N’Guesso|Deni Sasu N’gweso]] <br /> [[Isidore Mvouba]]| etando = 342 000| etando_limati =ya 62| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =| ndámbo_mái =3,3%| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 3 999 000 | bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2005| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=125 | bato_na_etando = 8,6| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 213 | bato_botángi = -| bato_botángi_mbúla= -| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 4 621 million| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 0| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 000| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - dipanda na [[Falansia]]| established_dates = <br/>- [[15 Ogusiti]] [[1960]] | mosɔlɔ = [[falánga CFA]]|currency_code=XAF| ngonga = [[CET]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:CG|cg]]| calling_code = 242| footnotes = [[Image:congo republic sm04.png|290px]] Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ.| }} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ''' tǒ '''Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville''' ezalí [[esé]] ya [[Afríka]] ya [[Mambénga]]. == Lokótá == ==Likambo == ==Bato == [[Image:Congo-Rep-demography.png|left|600px|center|***Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] ==Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ == [[Image:Congo_regions_named.png|right|Kálati ya bitúká bya Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ.<-->]] Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ]] *[[Bouenza Region|Bouenza]] ([[Madingou]]) *[[Cuvette Region|Cuvette]] ([[Owando]]) *[[Cuvette-Ouest Region|Cuvette-Ouest]] ([[Ewo]]) *[[Kouilou Region|Kouilou]] ([[Pointe-Noire]]) *[[Lékoumou Region|Lékoumou]] ([[Sibiti]]) *[[Likouala Region|Likouala]] ([[Impfondo]]) *[[Niari Region|Niari]] ([[Loubomo]]) *[[Plateaux Region (Congo)|Plateaux]] ([[Djambala]]) *[[Pool Region|Pool]] ([[Kinkala]]) *[[Sangha Region|Sangha]] ([[Ouésso]]) * [[Brazzaville]], mbóka-mokonzi, ezalí ''commune'' o káti ya district-mokonzi. <!-->These regions are subdivided into<!-->46 [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ|districts]]. ==Bikela == ===Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === ==Politiki == ==Jyografi == [[image:congo republic sm04.png|right|<!-->Map of the Republic of the Congo<-->]] ==Ekonomi == ==Kiltiri == == Divers == == Tála mpé == == Mankásá o libándá== {{Template:Bisé ya Afrika}} [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو]] [[bn:কঙ্গো]] [[ca:Congo]] [[da:Republikken Congo]] [[de:Republik Kongo]] [[en:Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Brazavila]] [[es:Congo]] [[fi:Kongon tasavalta]] [[fr:République du Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה של קונגו]] [[ia:Republica del Congo]] [[id:Republik Kongo]] [[it:Repubblica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ共和国]] [[ko:콩고 공화국]] [[lt:Kongas]] [[lv:Kongo]] [[ms:Republik Congo]] [[nds:Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kongo-Brazzaville]] [[no:Republikken Kongo]] [[pl:Republika Konga]] [[pt:Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Народная Республика]] [[sk:Kongo]] [[sl:Republika Kongo]] [[sv:Republiken Kongo]] [[uk:Конго, Народна Республіка]] [[zh:刚果共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Kiōng-hô-kok]] 8936 2006-07-21T18:14:11Z Moyogo 11 /* Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ */ {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ| nkómbó_na_lokótá = République du Congo| image_flag = Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg | image_coat = Congo_rep_coa.png | image_map = LocationRCongo.png | mokáno = Unité, travail, progrès| loyémbo = [[La Congolaise]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = [[lingála]], [[kituba]]| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Brazzaville]]| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Brazzaville]]| loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] <br />&nbsp;- [[Mokambi Bulamatari na yě]]| nkómbó_mokambi = [[Denis Sassou N’Guesso|Deni Sasu N’gweso]] <br /> [[Isidore Mvouba]]| etando = 342 000| etando_limati =ya 62| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =| ndámbo_mái =3,3%| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 3 999 000 | bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2005| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=125 | bato_na_etando = 8,6| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 213 | bato_botángi = -| bato_botángi_mbúla= -| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 4 621 million| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 0| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 000| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - dipanda na [[Falansia]]| established_dates = <br/>- [[15 Ogusiti]] [[1960]] | mosɔlɔ = [[falánga CFA]]|currency_code=XAF| ngonga = [[CET]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:CG|cg]]| calling_code = 242| footnotes = [[Image:congo republic sm04.png|290px]] Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ.| }} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ''' tǒ '''Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville''' ezalí [[esé]] ya [[Afríka]] ya [[Mambénga]]. == Lokótá == ==Likambo == ==Bato == [[Image:Congo-Rep-demography.png|left|600px|center|***Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] ==Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ == [[Image:Congo_regions_named.png|thumb|right|Kálati ya bitúká bya Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ.<-->]] Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ]] *[[Bouenza Region|Bouenza]] ([[Madingou]]) *[[Cuvette Region|Cuvette]] ([[Owando]]) *[[Cuvette-Ouest Region|Cuvette-Ouest]] ([[Ewo]]) *[[Kouilou Region|Kouilou]] ([[Pointe-Noire]]) *[[Lékoumou Region|Lékoumou]] ([[Sibiti]]) *[[Likouala Region|Likouala]] ([[Impfondo]]) *[[Niari Region|Niari]] ([[Loubomo]]) *[[Plateaux Region (Congo)|Plateaux]] ([[Djambala]]) *[[Pool Region|Pool]] ([[Kinkala]]) *[[Sangha Region|Sangha]] ([[Ouésso]]) * [[Brazzaville]], mbóka-mokonzi, ezalí ''commune'' o káti ya district-mokonzi. <!-->These regions are subdivided into<!-->46 [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ|districts]]. ==Bikela == ===Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === ==Politiki == ==Jyografi == [[image:congo republic sm04.png|right|<!-->Map of the Republic of the Congo<-->]] ==Ekonomi == ==Kiltiri == == Divers == == Tála mpé == == Mankásá o libándá== {{Template:Bisé ya Afrika}} [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو]] [[bn:কঙ্গো]] [[ca:Congo]] [[da:Republikken Congo]] [[de:Republik Kongo]] [[en:Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Brazavila]] [[es:Congo]] [[fi:Kongon tasavalta]] [[fr:République du Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה של קונגו]] [[ia:Republica del Congo]] [[id:Republik Kongo]] [[it:Repubblica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ共和国]] [[ko:콩고 공화국]] [[lt:Kongas]] [[lv:Kongo]] [[ms:Republik Congo]] [[nds:Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kongo-Brazzaville]] [[no:Republikken Kongo]] [[pl:Republika Konga]] [[pt:Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Народная Республика]] [[sk:Kongo]] [[sl:Republika Kongo]] [[sv:Republiken Kongo]] [[uk:Конго, Народна Республіка]] [[zh:刚果共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Kiōng-hô-kok]] 8937 2006-07-21T18:14:24Z Moyogo 11 /* Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ */ {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ| nkómbó_na_lokótá = République du Congo| image_flag = Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg | image_coat = Congo_rep_coa.png | image_map = LocationRCongo.png | mokáno = Unité, travail, progrès| loyémbo = [[La Congolaise]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = [[lingála]], [[kituba]]| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Brazzaville]]| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Brazzaville]]| loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] <br />&nbsp;- [[Mokambi Bulamatari na yě]]| nkómbó_mokambi = [[Denis Sassou N’Guesso|Deni Sasu N’gweso]] <br /> [[Isidore Mvouba]]| etando = 342 000| etando_limati =ya 62| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =| ndámbo_mái =3,3%| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 3 999 000 | bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2005| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=125 | bato_na_etando = 8,6| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 213 | bato_botángi = -| bato_botángi_mbúla= -| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 4 621 million| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 0| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 000| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - dipanda na [[Falansia]]| established_dates = <br/>- [[15 Ogusiti]] [[1960]] | mosɔlɔ = [[falánga CFA]]|currency_code=XAF| ngonga = [[CET]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:CG|cg]]| calling_code = 242| footnotes = [[Image:congo republic sm04.png|290px]] Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ.| }} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ''' tǒ '''Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville''' ezalí [[esé]] ya [[Afríka]] ya [[Mambénga]]. == Lokótá == ==Likambo == ==Bato == [[Image:Congo-Rep-demography.png|left|600px|center|***Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] ==Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ == [[Image:Congo_regions_named.png|thumb|right|Kálati ya bitúká bya Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ.]] Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ]] *[[Bouenza Region|Bouenza]] ([[Madingou]]) *[[Cuvette Region|Cuvette]] ([[Owando]]) *[[Cuvette-Ouest Region|Cuvette-Ouest]] ([[Ewo]]) *[[Kouilou Region|Kouilou]] ([[Pointe-Noire]]) *[[Lékoumou Region|Lékoumou]] ([[Sibiti]]) *[[Likouala Region|Likouala]] ([[Impfondo]]) *[[Niari Region|Niari]] ([[Loubomo]]) *[[Plateaux Region (Congo)|Plateaux]] ([[Djambala]]) *[[Pool Region|Pool]] ([[Kinkala]]) *[[Sangha Region|Sangha]] ([[Ouésso]]) * [[Brazzaville]], mbóka-mokonzi, ezalí ''commune'' o káti ya district-mokonzi. <!-->These regions are subdivided into<!-->46 [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ|districts]]. ==Bikela == ===Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === ==Politiki == ==Jyografi == [[image:congo republic sm04.png|right|<!-->Map of the Republic of the Congo<-->]] ==Ekonomi == ==Kiltiri == == Divers == == Tála mpé == == Mankásá o libándá== {{Template:Bisé ya Afrika}} [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو]] [[bn:কঙ্গো]] [[ca:Congo]] [[da:Republikken Congo]] [[de:Republik Kongo]] [[en:Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Brazavila]] [[es:Congo]] [[fi:Kongon tasavalta]] [[fr:République du Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה של קונגו]] [[ia:Republica del Congo]] [[id:Republik Kongo]] [[it:Repubblica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ共和国]] [[ko:콩고 공화국]] [[lt:Kongas]] [[lv:Kongo]] [[ms:Republik Congo]] [[nds:Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kongo-Brazzaville]] [[no:Republikken Kongo]] [[pl:Republika Konga]] [[pt:Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Народная Республика]] [[sk:Kongo]] [[sl:Republika Kongo]] [[sv:Republiken Kongo]] [[uk:Конго, Народна Республіка]] [[zh:刚果共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Kiōng-hô-kok]] 8949 2006-07-23T21:41:36Z 89.57.151.91 interwiki pam {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ| nkómbó_na_lokótá = République du Congo| image_flag = Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg | image_coat = Congo_rep_coa.png | image_map = LocationRCongo.png | mokáno = Unité, travail, progrès| loyémbo = [[La Congolaise]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = [[lingála]], [[kituba]]| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Brazzaville]]| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Brazzaville]]| loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] <br />&nbsp;- [[Mokambi Bulamatari na yě]]| nkómbó_mokambi = [[Denis Sassou N’Guesso|Deni Sasu N’gweso]] <br /> [[Isidore Mvouba]]| etando = 342 000| etando_limati =ya 62| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =| ndámbo_mái =3,3%| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 3 999 000 | bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2005| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=125 | bato_na_etando = 8,6| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 213 | bato_botángi = -| bato_botángi_mbúla= -| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 4 621 million| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 0| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 000| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - dipanda na [[Falansia]]| established_dates = <br/>- [[15 Ogusiti]] [[1960]] | mosɔlɔ = [[falánga CFA]]|currency_code=XAF| ngonga = [[CET]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:CG|cg]]| calling_code = 242| footnotes = [[Image:congo republic sm04.png|290px]] Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ.| }} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ''' tǒ '''Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville''' ezalí [[esé]] ya [[Afríka]] ya [[Mambénga]]. == Lokótá == ==Likambo == ==Bato == [[Image:Congo-Rep-demography.png|left|600px|center|***Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] ==Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ == [[Image:Congo_regions_named.png|thumb|right|Kálati ya bitúká bya Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ.]] Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ]] *[[Bouenza Region|Bouenza]] ([[Madingou]]) *[[Cuvette Region|Cuvette]] ([[Owando]]) *[[Cuvette-Ouest Region|Cuvette-Ouest]] ([[Ewo]]) *[[Kouilou Region|Kouilou]] ([[Pointe-Noire]]) *[[Lékoumou Region|Lékoumou]] ([[Sibiti]]) *[[Likouala Region|Likouala]] ([[Impfondo]]) *[[Niari Region|Niari]] ([[Loubomo]]) *[[Plateaux Region (Congo)|Plateaux]] ([[Djambala]]) *[[Pool Region|Pool]] ([[Kinkala]]) *[[Sangha Region|Sangha]] ([[Ouésso]]) * [[Brazzaville]], mbóka-mokonzi, ezalí ''commune'' o káti ya district-mokonzi. <!-->These regions are subdivided into<!-->46 [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ|districts]]. ==Bikela == ===Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === ==Politiki == ==Jyografi == [[image:congo republic sm04.png|right|<!-->Map of the Republic of the Congo<-->]] ==Ekonomi == ==Kiltiri == == Divers == == Tála mpé == == Mankásá o libándá== {{Template:Bisé ya Afrika}} [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو]] [[bn:কঙ্গো]] [[ca:Congo]] [[da:Republikken Congo]] [[de:Republik Kongo]] [[en:Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Brazavila]] [[es:Congo]] [[fi:Kongon tasavalta]] [[fr:République du Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה של קונגו]] [[ia:Republica del Congo]] [[id:Republik Kongo]] [[it:Repubblica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ共和国]] [[ko:콩고 공화국]] [[lt:Kongas]] [[lv:Kongo]] [[ms:Republik Congo]] [[nds:Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kongo-Brazzaville]] [[no:Republikken Kongo]] [[pam:Republic of the Congo]] [[pl:Republika Konga]] [[pt:Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Народная Республика]] [[sk:Kongo]] [[sl:Republika Kongo]] [[sv:Republiken Kongo]] [[uk:Конго, Народна Республіка]] [[zh:刚果共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Kiōng-hô-kok]] 9151 2006-08-23T17:02:08Z 80.125.253.103 /* Lokótá */ {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ| nkómbó_na_lokótá = République du Congo| image_flag = Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg | image_coat = Congo_rep_coa.png | image_map = LocationRCongo.png | mokáno = Unité, travail, progrès| loyémbo = [[La Congolaise]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = [[lingála]], [[kituba]]| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Brazzaville]]| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Brazzaville]]| loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] <br />&nbsp;- [[Mokambi Bulamatari na yě]]| nkómbó_mokambi = [[Denis Sassou N’Guesso|Deni Sasu N’gweso]] <br /> [[Isidore Mvouba]]| etando = 342 000| etando_limati =ya 62| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =| ndámbo_mái =3,3%| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 3 999 000 | bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2005| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=125 | bato_na_etando = 8,6| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 213 | bato_botángi = -| bato_botángi_mbúla= -| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 4 621 million| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 0| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 000| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - dipanda na [[Falansia]]| established_dates = <br/>- [[15 Ogusiti]] [[1960]] | mosɔlɔ = [[falánga CFA]]|currency_code=XAF| ngonga = [[CET]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:CG|cg]]| calling_code = 242| footnotes = [[Image:congo republic sm04.png|290px]] Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ.| }} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ''' tǒ '''Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville''' ezalí [[esé]] ya [[Afríka]] ya [[Mambénga]]. == Lokótá == eza mboka na bisso moko ==Likambo == ==Bato == [[Image:Congo-Rep-demography.png|left|600px|center|***Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] ==Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ == [[Image:Congo_regions_named.png|thumb|right|Kálati ya bitúká bya Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ.]] Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ]] *[[Bouenza Region|Bouenza]] ([[Madingou]]) *[[Cuvette Region|Cuvette]] ([[Owando]]) *[[Cuvette-Ouest Region|Cuvette-Ouest]] ([[Ewo]]) *[[Kouilou Region|Kouilou]] ([[Pointe-Noire]]) *[[Lékoumou Region|Lékoumou]] ([[Sibiti]]) *[[Likouala Region|Likouala]] ([[Impfondo]]) *[[Niari Region|Niari]] ([[Loubomo]]) *[[Plateaux Region (Congo)|Plateaux]] ([[Djambala]]) *[[Pool Region|Pool]] ([[Kinkala]]) *[[Sangha Region|Sangha]] ([[Ouésso]]) * [[Brazzaville]], mbóka-mokonzi, ezalí ''commune'' o káti ya district-mokonzi. <!-->These regions are subdivided into<!-->46 [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ|districts]]. ==Bikela == ===Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === ==Politiki == ==Jyografi == [[image:congo republic sm04.png|right|<!-->Map of the Republic of the Congo<-->]] ==Ekonomi == ==Kiltiri == == Divers == == Tála mpé == == Mankásá o libándá== {{Template:Bisé ya Afrika}} [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو]] [[bn:কঙ্গো]] [[ca:Congo]] [[da:Republikken Congo]] [[de:Republik Kongo]] [[en:Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Brazavila]] [[es:Congo]] [[fi:Kongon tasavalta]] [[fr:République du Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה של קונגו]] [[ia:Republica del Congo]] [[id:Republik Kongo]] [[it:Repubblica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ共和国]] [[ko:콩고 공화국]] [[lt:Kongas]] [[lv:Kongo]] [[ms:Republik Congo]] [[nds:Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kongo-Brazzaville]] [[no:Republikken Kongo]] [[pam:Republic of the Congo]] [[pl:Republika Konga]] [[pt:Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Народная Республика]] [[sk:Kongo]] [[sl:Republika Kongo]] [[sv:Republiken Kongo]] [[uk:Конго, Народна Республіка]] [[zh:刚果共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Kiōng-hô-kok]] 9152 2006-08-23T17:02:44Z 80.125.253.103 /* Lokótá */ {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ| nkómbó_na_lokótá = République du Congo| image_flag = Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg | image_coat = Congo_rep_coa.png | image_map = LocationRCongo.png | mokáno = Unité, travail, progrès| loyémbo = [[La Congolaise]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = [[lingála]], [[kituba]]| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Brazzaville]]| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Brazzaville]]| loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] <br />&nbsp;- [[Mokambi Bulamatari na yě]]| nkómbó_mokambi = [[Denis Sassou N’Guesso|Deni Sasu N’gweso]] <br /> [[Isidore Mvouba]]| etando = 342 000| etando_limati =ya 62| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =| ndámbo_mái =3,3%| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 3 999 000 | bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2005| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=125 | bato_na_etando = 8,6| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 213 | bato_botángi = -| bato_botángi_mbúla= -| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 4 621 million| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 0| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 000| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - dipanda na [[Falansia]]| established_dates = <br/>- [[15 Ogusiti]] [[1960]] | mosɔlɔ = [[falánga CFA]]|currency_code=XAF| ngonga = [[CET]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:CG|cg]]| calling_code = 242| footnotes = [[Image:congo republic sm04.png|290px]] Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ.| }} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ''' tǒ '''Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville''' ezalí [[esé]] ya [[Afríka]] ya [[Mambénga]]. == Lokótá == eza mboka na bisso moko signé teddy morgan ==Likambo == ==Bato == [[Image:Congo-Rep-demography.png|left|600px|center|***Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] ==Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ == [[Image:Congo_regions_named.png|thumb|right|Kálati ya bitúká bya Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ.]] Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ]] *[[Bouenza Region|Bouenza]] ([[Madingou]]) *[[Cuvette Region|Cuvette]] ([[Owando]]) *[[Cuvette-Ouest Region|Cuvette-Ouest]] ([[Ewo]]) *[[Kouilou Region|Kouilou]] ([[Pointe-Noire]]) *[[Lékoumou Region|Lékoumou]] ([[Sibiti]]) *[[Likouala Region|Likouala]] ([[Impfondo]]) *[[Niari Region|Niari]] ([[Loubomo]]) *[[Plateaux Region (Congo)|Plateaux]] ([[Djambala]]) *[[Pool Region|Pool]] ([[Kinkala]]) *[[Sangha Region|Sangha]] ([[Ouésso]]) * [[Brazzaville]], mbóka-mokonzi, ezalí ''commune'' o káti ya district-mokonzi. <!-->These regions are subdivided into<!-->46 [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ|districts]]. ==Bikela == ===Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === ==Politiki == ==Jyografi == [[image:congo republic sm04.png|right|<!-->Map of the Republic of the Congo<-->]] ==Ekonomi == ==Kiltiri == == Divers == == Tála mpé == == Mankásá o libándá== {{Template:Bisé ya Afrika}} [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو]] [[bn:কঙ্গো]] [[ca:Congo]] [[da:Republikken Congo]] [[de:Republik Kongo]] [[en:Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Brazavila]] [[es:Congo]] [[fi:Kongon tasavalta]] [[fr:République du Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה של קונגו]] [[ia:Republica del Congo]] [[id:Republik Kongo]] [[it:Repubblica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ共和国]] [[ko:콩고 공화국]] [[lt:Kongas]] [[lv:Kongo]] [[ms:Republik Congo]] [[nds:Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kongo-Brazzaville]] [[no:Republikken Kongo]] [[pam:Republic of the Congo]] [[pl:Republika Konga]] [[pt:Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Народная Республика]] [[sk:Kongo]] [[sl:Republika Kongo]] [[sv:Republiken Kongo]] [[uk:Конго, Народна Республіка]] [[zh:刚果共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Kiōng-hô-kok]] 9169 2006-08-26T19:18:03Z Bombo 12 /* Lokótá */ -signé Teddy Morgan {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ| nkómbó_na_lokótá = République du Congo| image_flag = Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg | image_coat = Congo_rep_coa.png | image_map = LocationRCongo.png | mokáno = Unité, travail, progrès| loyémbo = [[La Congolaise]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = [[lingála]], [[kituba]]| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Brazzaville]]| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Brazzaville]]| loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] <br />&nbsp;- [[Mokambi Bulamatari na yě]]| nkómbó_mokambi = [[Denis Sassou N’Guesso|Deni Sasu N’gweso]] <br /> [[Isidore Mvouba]]| etando = 342 000| etando_limati =ya 62| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =| ndámbo_mái =3,3%| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 3 999 000 | bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2005| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=125 | bato_na_etando = 8,6| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 213 | bato_botángi = -| bato_botángi_mbúla= -| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 4 621 million| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 0| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 000| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - dipanda na [[Falansia]]| established_dates = <br/>- [[15 Ogusiti]] [[1960]] | mosɔlɔ = [[falánga CFA]]|currency_code=XAF| ngonga = [[CET]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:CG|cg]]| calling_code = 242| footnotes = [[Image:congo republic sm04.png|290px]] Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ.| }} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ''' tǒ '''Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville''' ezalí [[esé]] ya [[Afríka]] ya [[Mambénga]]. == Lokótá == eza mboka na bisso moko ==Likambo == ==Bato == [[Image:Congo-Rep-demography.png|left|600px|center|***Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] ==Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ == [[Image:Congo_regions_named.png|thumb|right|Kálati ya bitúká bya Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ.]] Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ]] *[[Bouenza Region|Bouenza]] ([[Madingou]]) *[[Cuvette Region|Cuvette]] ([[Owando]]) *[[Cuvette-Ouest Region|Cuvette-Ouest]] ([[Ewo]]) *[[Kouilou Region|Kouilou]] ([[Pointe-Noire]]) *[[Lékoumou Region|Lékoumou]] ([[Sibiti]]) *[[Likouala Region|Likouala]] ([[Impfondo]]) *[[Niari Region|Niari]] ([[Loubomo]]) *[[Plateaux Region (Congo)|Plateaux]] ([[Djambala]]) *[[Pool Region|Pool]] ([[Kinkala]]) *[[Sangha Region|Sangha]] ([[Ouésso]]) * [[Brazzaville]], mbóka-mokonzi, ezalí ''commune'' o káti ya district-mokonzi. <!-->These regions are subdivided into<!-->46 [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ|districts]]. ==Bikela == ===Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === ==Politiki == ==Jyografi == [[image:congo republic sm04.png|right|<!-->Map of the Republic of the Congo<-->]] ==Ekonomi == ==Kiltiri == == Divers == == Tála mpé == == Mankásá o libándá== {{Template:Bisé ya Afrika}} [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو]] [[bn:কঙ্গো]] [[ca:Congo]] [[da:Republikken Congo]] [[de:Republik Kongo]] [[en:Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Brazavila]] [[es:Congo]] [[fi:Kongon tasavalta]] [[fr:République du Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה של קונגו]] [[ia:Republica del Congo]] [[id:Republik Kongo]] [[it:Repubblica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ共和国]] [[ko:콩고 공화국]] [[lt:Kongas]] [[lv:Kongo]] [[ms:Republik Congo]] [[nds:Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kongo-Brazzaville]] [[no:Republikken Kongo]] [[pam:Republic of the Congo]] [[pl:Republika Konga]] [[pt:Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Народная Республика]] [[sk:Kongo]] [[sl:Republika Kongo]] [[sv:Republiken Kongo]] [[uk:Конго, Народна Республіка]] [[zh:刚果共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Kiōng-hô-kok]] 9180 2006-08-27T19:52:59Z Moyogo 11 /* Lokótá */ eza mbóka na ngáí tɛ́ {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ| nkómbó_na_lokótá = République du Congo| image_flag = Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg | image_coat = Congo_rep_coa.png | image_map = LocationRCongo.png | mokáno = Unité, travail, progrès| loyémbo = [[La Congolaise]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = [[lingála]], [[kituba]]| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Brazzaville]]| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Brazzaville]]| loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] <br />&nbsp;- [[Mokambi Bulamatari na yě]]| nkómbó_mokambi = [[Denis Sassou N’Guesso|Deni Sasu N’gweso]] <br /> [[Isidore Mvouba]]| etando = 342 000| etando_limati =ya 62| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =| ndámbo_mái =3,3%| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 3 999 000 | bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2005| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=125 | bato_na_etando = 8,6| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 213 | bato_botángi = -| bato_botángi_mbúla= -| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 4 621 million| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 0| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 000| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - dipanda na [[Falansia]]| established_dates = <br/>- [[15 Ogusiti]] [[1960]] | mosɔlɔ = [[falánga CFA]]|currency_code=XAF| ngonga = [[CET]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:CG|cg]]| calling_code = 242| footnotes = [[Image:congo republic sm04.png|290px]] Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ.| }} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ''' tǒ '''Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville''' ezalí [[esé]] ya [[Afríka]] ya [[Mambénga]]. == Lokótá == Na Kɔ́ngɔ balobamí nkótá boyíke. [[Falansé]] mpé [[lingála]] izalí nkótá ya lɛ́ta. ==Likambo == ==Bato == [[Image:Congo-Rep-demography.png|left|600px|center|***Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] ==Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ == [[Image:Congo_regions_named.png|thumb|right|Kálati ya bitúká bya Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ.]] Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ]] *[[Bouenza Region|Bouenza]] ([[Madingou]]) *[[Cuvette Region|Cuvette]] ([[Owando]]) *[[Cuvette-Ouest Region|Cuvette-Ouest]] ([[Ewo]]) *[[Kouilou Region|Kouilou]] ([[Pointe-Noire]]) *[[Lékoumou Region|Lékoumou]] ([[Sibiti]]) *[[Likouala Region|Likouala]] ([[Impfondo]]) *[[Niari Region|Niari]] ([[Loubomo]]) *[[Plateaux Region (Congo)|Plateaux]] ([[Djambala]]) *[[Pool Region|Pool]] ([[Kinkala]]) *[[Sangha Region|Sangha]] ([[Ouésso]]) * [[Brazzaville]], mbóka-mokonzi, ezalí ''commune'' o káti ya district-mokonzi. <!-->These regions are subdivided into<!-->46 [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ|districts]]. ==Bikela == ===Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === ==Politiki == ==Jyografi == [[image:congo republic sm04.png|right|<!-->Map of the Republic of the Congo<-->]] ==Ekonomi == ==Kiltiri == == Divers == == Tála mpé == == Mankásá o libándá== {{Template:Bisé ya Afrika}} [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو]] [[bn:কঙ্গো]] [[ca:Congo]] [[da:Republikken Congo]] [[de:Republik Kongo]] [[en:Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Brazavila]] [[es:Congo]] [[fi:Kongon tasavalta]] [[fr:République du Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה של קונגו]] [[ia:Republica del Congo]] [[id:Republik Kongo]] [[it:Repubblica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ共和国]] [[ko:콩고 공화국]] [[lt:Kongas]] [[lv:Kongo]] [[ms:Republik Congo]] [[nds:Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kongo-Brazzaville]] [[no:Republikken Kongo]] [[pam:Republic of the Congo]] [[pl:Republika Konga]] [[pt:Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Народная Республика]] [[sk:Kongo]] [[sl:Republika Kongo]] [[sv:Republiken Kongo]] [[uk:Конго, Народна Республіка]] [[zh:刚果共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Kiōng-hô-kok]] 9560 2006-10-22T21:38:18Z 83.227.24.255 {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ| nkómbó_na_lokótá = République du Congo| image_flag = Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg | image_coat = Congo_rep_coa.png | image_map = LocationRCongo.png | mokáno = Unité, travail, progrès| loyémbo = [[La Congolaise]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = [[lingála]], [[kituba]]| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Brazzaville]]| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Brazzaville]]| loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] <br />&nbsp;- [[Mokambi Bulamatari na yě]]| nkómbó_mokambi = [[Denis Sassou N’Guesso|Deni Sasu N’gweso]] <br /> [[Isidore Mvouba]]| etando = 342 000| etando_limati =ya 62| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =| ndámbo_mái =3,3%| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 3 999 000 | bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2005| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=125 | bato_na_etando = 8,6| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 213 | bato_botángi = -| bato_botángi_mbúla= -| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 4 621 million| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 0| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 000| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - dipanda na [[Falansia]]| established_dates = <br/>- [[15 Ogusiti]] [[1960]] | mosɔlɔ = [[falánga CFA]]|currency_code=XAF| ngonga = [[CET]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:CG|cg]]| calling_code = 242| footnotes = [[image:Congo_Republique_carte.gif|290px]] Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ.| }} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ''' tǒ '''Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville''' ezalí [[esé]] ya [[Afríka]] ya [[Mambénga]]. == Lokótá == Na Kɔ́ngɔ balobamí nkótá boyíke. [[Falansé]] mpé [[lingála]] izalí nkótá ya lɛ́ta. ==Likambo == ==Bato == [[Image:Congo-Rep-demography.png|left|600px|center|***Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] ==Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ == [[Image:Congo_regions_named.png|thumb|right|Kálati ya bitúká bya Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ.]] Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ]] *[[Bouenza Region|Bouenza]] ([[Madingou]]) *[[Cuvette Region|Cuvette]] ([[Owando]]) *[[Cuvette-Ouest Region|Cuvette-Ouest]] ([[Ewo]]) *[[Kouilou Region|Kouilou]] ([[Pointe-Noire]]) *[[Lékoumou Region|Lékoumou]] ([[Sibiti]]) *[[Likouala Region|Likouala]] ([[Impfondo]]) *[[Niari Region|Niari]] ([[Loubomo]]) *[[Plateaux Region (Congo)|Plateaux]] ([[Djambala]]) *[[Pool Region|Pool]] ([[Kinkala]]) *[[Sangha Region|Sangha]] ([[Ouésso]]) * [[Brazzaville]], mbóka-mokonzi, ezalí ''commune'' o káti ya district-mokonzi. <!-->These regions are subdivided into<!-->46 [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ|districts]]. ==Bikela == ===Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === ==Politiki == ==Jyografi == [[image:congo republic sm04.png|right|<!-->Map of the Republic of the Congo<-->]] ==Ekonomi == ==Kiltiri == == Divers == == Tála mpé == == Mankásá o libándá== {{Template:Bisé ya Afrika}} [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو]] [[bn:কঙ্গো]] [[ca:Congo]] [[da:Republikken Congo]] [[de:Republik Kongo]] [[en:Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Brazavila]] [[es:Congo]] [[fi:Kongon tasavalta]] [[fr:République du Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה של קונגו]] [[ia:Republica del Congo]] [[id:Republik Kongo]] [[it:Repubblica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ共和国]] [[ko:콩고 공화국]] [[lt:Kongas]] [[lv:Kongo]] [[ms:Republik Congo]] [[nds:Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kongo-Brazzaville]] [[no:Republikken Kongo]] [[pam:Republic of the Congo]] [[pl:Republika Konga]] [[pt:Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Народная Республика]] [[sk:Kongo]] [[sl:Republika Kongo]] [[sv:Republiken Kongo]] [[uk:Конго, Народна Республіка]] [[zh:刚果共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Kiōng-hô-kok]] 9796 2006-11-18T13:55:21Z Moyogo 11 /* Lokótá */ {{Infobox Esé| nkómbó = Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ| nkómbó_na_lokótá = République du Congo| image_flag = Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg | image_coat = Congo_rep_coa.png | image_map = LocationRCongo.png | mokáno = Unité, travail, progrès| loyémbo = [[La Congolaise]] | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[lifalansé]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo = [[lingála]], [[kituba]]| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Brazzaville]]| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Brazzaville]]| loléngé_lɛ́ta = [[Republiki]]| babengí_mokambi = [[Bakambi ekólo Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville|Mokonzi wa ekólo]] <br />&nbsp;- [[Mokambi Bulamatari na yě]]| nkómbó_mokambi = [[Denis Sassou N’Guesso|Deni Sasu N’gweso]] <br /> [[Isidore Mvouba]]| etando = 342 000| etando_limati =ya 62| etando_bonɛ́nɛ =| ndámbo_mái =3,3%| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 3 999 000 | bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2005| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=125 | bato_na_etando = 8,6| bato_na_etando_limati=ya 213 | bato_botángi = -| bato_botángi_mbúla= -| BOTIBO_BOZIBI = 4 621 million| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=2003| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya 0| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = 000| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya 000| sovereignty_type =[[dipanda]] | established_events = - dipanda na [[Falansia]]| established_dates = <br/>- [[15 Ogusiti]] [[1960]] | mosɔlɔ = [[falánga CFA]]|currency_code=XAF| ngonga = [[CET]] |utc_offset=+1 na +2 | ngonga_DST = - | utc_offset_DST=- | cctld = .[[ISO 3166-2:CG|cg]]| calling_code = 242| footnotes = [[image:Congo_Republique_carte.gif|290px]] Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ.| }} '''Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ''' tǒ '''Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville''' ezalí [[esé]] ya [[Afríka]] ya [[Mambénga]]. == Lokótá == Na Kɔ́ngɔ balobamí nkótá boyíke. [[Falansé]], kikɔ́ngɔ mpé [[lingála]] izalí nkótá ya lɛ́ta. ==Likambo == ==Bato == [[Image:Congo-Rep-demography.png|left|600px|center|***Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003 (chiffre de la [[Organisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|FAO]], 2005). Population en milliers d'habitants.]] ==Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ == [[Image:Congo_regions_named.png|thumb|right|Kálati ya bitúká bya Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ.]] Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ]] *[[Bouenza Region|Bouenza]] ([[Madingou]]) *[[Cuvette Region|Cuvette]] ([[Owando]]) *[[Cuvette-Ouest Region|Cuvette-Ouest]] ([[Ewo]]) *[[Kouilou Region|Kouilou]] ([[Pointe-Noire]]) *[[Lékoumou Region|Lékoumou]] ([[Sibiti]]) *[[Likouala Region|Likouala]] ([[Impfondo]]) *[[Niari Region|Niari]] ([[Loubomo]]) *[[Plateaux Region (Congo)|Plateaux]] ([[Djambala]]) *[[Pool Region|Pool]] ([[Kinkala]]) *[[Sangha Region|Sangha]] ([[Ouésso]]) * [[Brazzaville]], mbóka-mokonzi, ezalí ''commune'' o káti ya district-mokonzi. <!-->These regions are subdivided into<!-->46 [[Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ|districts]]. ==Bikela == ===Zamba na banyama : bobateli bwa bikela o kati ya zamba ya leta === === Bikela bikopesa biloko bya kobongola === === Bikela bikopesa bilei mpe nkisi === ==Politiki == ==Jyografi == [[image:congo republic sm04.png|right|<!-->Map of the Republic of the Congo<-->]] ==Ekonomi == ==Kiltiri == == Divers == == Tála mpé == == Mankásá o libándá== {{Template:Bisé ya Afrika}} [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] [[ar:جمهورية الكونغو]] [[bn:কঙ্গো]] [[ca:Congo]] [[da:Republikken Congo]] [[de:Republik Kongo]] [[en:Republic of the Congo]] [[eo:Kongo Brazavila]] [[es:Congo]] [[fi:Kongon tasavalta]] [[fr:République du Congo]] [[he:הרפובליקה של קונגו]] [[ia:Republica del Congo]] [[id:Republik Kongo]] [[it:Repubblica del Congo]] [[ja:コンゴ共和国]] [[ko:콩고 공화국]] [[lt:Kongas]] [[lv:Kongo]] [[ms:Republik Congo]] [[nds:Republiek Kongo]] [[nl:Republiek Congo]] [[nn:Kongo-Brazzaville]] [[no:Republikken Kongo]] [[pam:Republic of the Congo]] [[pl:Republika Konga]] [[pt:Congo]] [[ru:Конго, Народная Республика]] [[sk:Kongo]] [[sl:Republika Kongo]] [[sv:Republiken Kongo]] [[uk:Конго, Народна Республіка]] [[zh:刚果共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Congo Kiōng-hô-kok]] Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville 2288 8330 2006-05-31T14:50:23Z Moyogo 11 [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:Bisé ya Mokili]] 8981 2006-08-01T07:46:02Z Saforrest 80 [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] 8986 2006-08-01T14:33:18Z Saforrest 80 flag / drapeau / fahne [[Image:Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg|right|100px|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] 8987 2006-08-01T14:34:48Z Saforrest 80 interwiki [[Image:Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg|right|100px|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[ar:تصنيف:جمهورية الكونغو]] [[bg:Категория:Република Конго]] [[ca:Categoria:República del Congo]] [[cs:Kategorie:Kongo]] [[de:Kategorie:Republik Kongo]] [[en:Category:Republic of the Congo]] [[es:Categoría:República del Congo]] [[fa:رده:جمهوری کنگو]] [[fr:Catégorie:République du Congo]] [[gl:Category:Congo]] [[hu:Kategória:Kongó]] [[kg:Category:Repubilika ya Kongo]] [[ko:분류:콩고 공화국]] [[io:Category:Republiko Kongo]] [[it:Categoria:Repubblica del Congo]] [[nl:Categorie:Republiek Congo]] [[ja:Category:コンゴ共和国]] [[no:Kategori:Republikken Kongo]] [[pt:Categoria:República do Congo]] [[ru:Категория:Республика Конго]] [[sl:Category:Kongo]] [[fi:Luokka:Kongon tasavalta]] [[sv:Kategori:Republiken Kongo]] [[sw:Category:Jamhuri ya Kongo]] [[zh:Category:剛果共和國]] 9969 2006-12-14T08:45:11Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: da, eu, lv, sk, sr Modifie: cs [[Image:Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg|right|100px|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[ar:تصنيف:جمهورية الكونغو]] [[bg:Категория:Република Конго]] [[ca:Categoria:República del Congo]] [[cs:Kategorie:Republika Kongo]] [[da:Kategori:Republikken Congo]] [[de:Kategorie:Republik Kongo]] [[en:Category:Republic of the Congo]] [[es:Categoría:República del Congo]] [[eu:Kategoria:Kongoko Errepublika]] [[fa:رده:جمهوری کنگو]] [[fi:Luokka:Kongon tasavalta]] [[fr:Catégorie:République du Congo]] [[gl:Category:Congo]] [[hu:Kategória:Kongó]] [[io:Category:Republiko Kongo]] [[it:Categoria:Repubblica del Congo]] [[ja:Category:コンゴ共和国]] [[kg:Category:Repubilika ya Kongo]] [[ko:분류:콩고 공화국]] [[lv:Kategorija:Kongo Republika]] [[nl:Categorie:Republiek Congo]] [[no:Kategori:Republikken Kongo]] [[pt:Categoria:República do Congo]] [[ru:Категория:Республика Конго]] [[sk:Kategória:Kongo (štát)]] [[sl:Kategorija:Kongo]] [[sr:Категорија:Република Конго]] [[sv:Kategori:Republiken Kongo]] [[sw:Category:Jamhuri ya Kongo]] [[zh:Category:剛果共和國]] 9981 2006-12-16T12:44:42Z Escarbot 73 robot Modifie: [[sv:Kategori:Kongo-Brazzaville]] [[Image:Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg|right|100px|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[ar:تصنيف:جمهورية الكونغو]] [[bg:Категория:Република Конго]] [[ca:Categoria:República del Congo]] [[cs:Kategorie:Republika Kongo]] [[da:Kategori:Republikken Congo]] [[de:Kategorie:Republik Kongo]] [[en:Category:Republic of the Congo]] [[es:Categoría:República del Congo]] [[eu:Kategoria:Kongoko Errepublika]] [[fa:رده:جمهوری کنگو]] [[fi:Luokka:Kongon tasavalta]] [[fr:Catégorie:République du Congo]] [[gl:Category:Congo]] [[hu:Kategória:Kongó]] [[io:Category:Republiko Kongo]] [[it:Categoria:Repubblica del Congo]] [[ja:Category:コンゴ共和国]] [[kg:Category:Repubilika ya Kongo]] [[ko:분류:콩고 공화국]] [[lv:Kategorija:Kongo Republika]] [[nl:Categorie:Republiek Congo]] [[no:Kategori:Republikken Kongo]] [[pt:Categoria:República do Congo]] [[ru:Категория:Республика Конго]] [[sk:Kategória:Kongo (štát)]] [[sl:Kategorija:Kongo]] [[sr:Категорија:Република Конго]] [[sv:Kategori:Kongo-Brazzaville]] [[sw:Category:Jamhuri ya Kongo]] [[zh:Category:剛果共和國]] 9985 2006-12-17T04:13:20Z Escarbot 73 robot Retire: [[nl:Categorie:Republiek Congo]], [[sl:Kategorija:Kongo]] [[Image:Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg|right|100px|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[ar:تصنيف:جمهورية الكونغو]] [[bg:Категория:Република Конго]] [[ca:Categoria:República del Congo]] [[cs:Kategorie:Republika Kongo]] [[da:Kategori:Republikken Congo]] [[de:Kategorie:Republik Kongo]] [[en:Category:Republic of the Congo]] [[es:Categoría:República del Congo]] [[eu:Kategoria:Kongoko Errepublika]] [[fa:رده:جمهوری کنگو]] [[fi:Luokka:Kongon tasavalta]] [[fr:Catégorie:République du Congo]] [[gl:Category:Congo]] [[hu:Kategória:Kongó]] [[io:Category:Republiko Kongo]] [[it:Categoria:Repubblica del Congo]] [[ja:Category:コンゴ共和国]] [[kg:Category:Repubilika ya Kongo]] [[ko:분류:콩고 공화국]] [[lv:Kategorija:Kongo Republika]] [[no:Kategori:Republikken Kongo]] [[pt:Categoria:República do Congo]] [[ru:Категория:Республика Конго]] [[sk:Kategória:Kongo (štát)]] [[sr:Категорија:Република Конго]] [[sv:Kategori:Kongo-Brazzaville]] [[sw:Category:Jamhuri ya Kongo]] [[zh:Category:剛果共和國]] 9995 2006-12-19T09:30:23Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[nl:Categorie:Congo-Brazzaville]] [[Image:Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg|right|100px|Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[ar:تصنيف:جمهورية الكونغو]] [[bg:Категория:Република Конго]] [[ca:Categoria:República del Congo]] [[cs:Kategorie:Republika Kongo]] [[da:Kategori:Republikken Congo]] [[de:Kategorie:Republik Kongo]] [[en:Category:Republic of the Congo]] [[es:Categoría:República del Congo]] [[eu:Kategoria:Kongoko Errepublika]] [[fa:رده:جمهوری کنگو]] [[fi:Luokka:Kongon tasavalta]] [[fr:Catégorie:République du Congo]] [[gl:Category:Congo]] [[hu:Kategória:Kongó]] [[io:Category:Republiko Kongo]] [[it:Categoria:Repubblica del Congo]] [[ja:Category:コンゴ共和国]] [[kg:Category:Repubilika ya Kongo]] [[ko:분류:콩고 공화국]] [[lv:Kategorija:Kongo Republika]] [[nl:Categorie:Congo-Brazzaville]] [[no:Kategori:Republikken Kongo]] [[pt:Categoria:República do Congo]] [[ru:Категория:Республика Конго]] [[sk:Kategória:Kongo (štát)]] [[sr:Категорија:Република Конго]] [[sv:Kategori:Kongo-Brazzaville]] [[sw:Category:Jamhuri ya Kongo]] [[zh:Category:剛果共和國]] Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki 2289 8333 2006-05-31T14:53:15Z Moyogo 11 Redirecting to [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] #REDIRECT [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] Bitúká bya Kɔ́ngɔ 2290 8338 2006-06-01T09:14:51Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Congo regions named.png|right]] <!-->La '''[[République du Congo]]''' se subdivise en dix régions subdivisées à leur tour en districts.<--> == Régions et districts == {| border=0 width="60%" |- |valign="top"| * Région de [[Bouenza]] ** [[Boko-Songho]] ** [[Kayes (district)]] ** [[Kingoué]] ** [[Loudima]] ** [[Mabombo]] ** [[Madingou]] ** [[Mfouati]] ** [[Mouyondzi]] ** [[Tsiaki]] ** [[Yamba]] * Commune de [[Brazzaville]] ** [[Bacongo]] ** [[Makélékélé]] ** [[Mfilou]] ** [[Moungali]] ** [[Ouenzé]] ** [[Poto-Poto]] ** [[Talangaï]] * Région de la [[Cuvette-Ouest]] ** [[Etoumbi]] ** [[Ewo]] ** [[Kéllé]] ** [[Mbama]] ** [[Mbomo]] ** [[Okoyo]] * Région de la [[Cuvette (région)|Cuvette]] ** [[Boundji]] ** [[Loukoléla]] ** [[Makoua]] ** [[Mossaka]] ** [[Ngoko]] ** [[Ntokou]] ** [[Owando]] ** [[Oyo]] ** [[Tchikapika]] * Région de [[Kouilou]] ** [[Hinda]] ** [[Kakamoéka]] ** [[Madingo-Kayes]] ** [[Mvouti]] ** [[Nzambi]] ** [[Tchamba Nzassi]] * Région de [[Lékoumou]] ** [[Bambama]] ** [[Komono]] ** [[Mayéyé]] ** [[Sibiti]] ** [[Zanaga]] * Région de [[Likouala]] ** [[Bétou]] ** [[Bouaniela]] ** [[Dongou]] ** [[Enyellé]] ** [[Epéna]] ** [[Impfondo]] ** [[Liranga]] |valign="top"| * Région de [[Niari]] ** [[Banda]] ** [[Divénié]] ** [[Kibangou]] ** [[Kimongo]] ** [[Londéla-Kayes]] ** [[Louvakou]] ** [[Mbinda]] ** [[Makabana]] ** [[Moungoundou Nord]] ** [[Moungoundou Sud]] ** [[Moutamba]] ** [[Mayoko]] ** [[Nyanga]] ** [[Yaya]] * Région des [[Plateaux (région)|Plateaux]] ** [[Abala]] ** [[Allembé]] ** [[Djambala]] ** [[Gamboma]] ** [[Lékana]] ** [[Makotipoko]] ** [[Mbon]] ** [[Mpouya]] ** [[Ngo]] ** [[Ollombo]] ** [[Ongoni]] * Région de [[Pool (région)|Pool]] ** [[Boko]] ** [[Goma Tsé-Tsé]] ** [[Igné]] ** [[Kindamba]] ** [[Kinkala]] ** [[Kimba]] ** [[Louingui]] ** [[Loumo]] ** [[Mayama]] ** [[Mindouli]] ** [[Mbandza-Ndounga]] ** [[Ngabé]] ** [[Vindza]] * Région de [[Sangha (région)|Sangha]] ** [[Mokéko]] ** [[Ngbala]] ** [[Pikounda]] ** [[Sembé]] ** [[Souanké]] |} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] [[en:Regions of the Republic of the Congo]] [[es:Organización territorial de la República del Congo]] [[nl:Bestuurlijke indeling van Congo-Brazzaville]] [[pt:Subdivisões do Congo]] 9016 2006-08-02T05:49:08Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: [[fr:Subdivisions de la République du Congo]] [[Image:Congo regions named.png|right]] <!-->La '''[[République du Congo]]''' se subdivise en dix régions subdivisées à leur tour en districts.<--> == Régions et districts == {| border=0 width="60%" |- |valign="top"| * Région de [[Bouenza]] ** [[Boko-Songho]] ** [[Kayes (district)]] ** [[Kingoué]] ** [[Loudima]] ** [[Mabombo]] ** [[Madingou]] ** [[Mfouati]] ** [[Mouyondzi]] ** [[Tsiaki]] ** [[Yamba]] * Commune de [[Brazzaville]] ** [[Bacongo]] ** [[Makélékélé]] ** [[Mfilou]] ** [[Moungali]] ** [[Ouenzé]] ** [[Poto-Poto]] ** [[Talangaï]] * Région de la [[Cuvette-Ouest]] ** [[Etoumbi]] ** [[Ewo]] ** [[Kéllé]] ** [[Mbama]] ** [[Mbomo]] ** [[Okoyo]] * Région de la [[Cuvette (région)|Cuvette]] ** [[Boundji]] ** [[Loukoléla]] ** [[Makoua]] ** [[Mossaka]] ** [[Ngoko]] ** [[Ntokou]] ** [[Owando]] ** [[Oyo]] ** [[Tchikapika]] * Région de [[Kouilou]] ** [[Hinda]] ** [[Kakamoéka]] ** [[Madingo-Kayes]] ** [[Mvouti]] ** [[Nzambi]] ** [[Tchamba Nzassi]] * Région de [[Lékoumou]] ** [[Bambama]] ** [[Komono]] ** [[Mayéyé]] ** [[Sibiti]] ** [[Zanaga]] * Région de [[Likouala]] ** [[Bétou]] ** [[Bouaniela]] ** [[Dongou]] ** [[Enyellé]] ** [[Epéna]] ** [[Impfondo]] ** [[Liranga]] |valign="top"| * Région de [[Niari]] ** [[Banda]] ** [[Divénié]] ** [[Kibangou]] ** [[Kimongo]] ** [[Londéla-Kayes]] ** [[Louvakou]] ** [[Mbinda]] ** [[Makabana]] ** [[Moungoundou Nord]] ** [[Moungoundou Sud]] ** [[Moutamba]] ** [[Mayoko]] ** [[Nyanga]] ** [[Yaya]] * Région des [[Plateaux (région)|Plateaux]] ** [[Abala]] ** [[Allembé]] ** [[Djambala]] ** [[Gamboma]] ** [[Lékana]] ** [[Makotipoko]] ** [[Mbon]] ** [[Mpouya]] ** [[Ngo]] ** [[Ollombo]] ** [[Ongoni]] * Région de [[Pool (région)|Pool]] ** [[Boko]] ** [[Goma Tsé-Tsé]] ** [[Igné]] ** [[Kindamba]] ** [[Kinkala]] ** [[Kimba]] ** [[Louingui]] ** [[Loumo]] ** [[Mayama]] ** [[Mindouli]] ** [[Mbandza-Ndounga]] ** [[Ngabé]] ** [[Vindza]] * Région de [[Sangha (région)|Sangha]] ** [[Mokéko]] ** [[Ngbala]] ** [[Pikounda]] ** [[Sembé]] ** [[Souanké]] |} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] [[en:Regions of the Republic of the Congo]] [[es:Organización territorial de la República del Congo]] [[fr:Subdivisions de la République du Congo]] [[nl:Bestuurlijke indeling van Congo-Brazzaville]] [[pt:Subdivisões do Congo]] Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville 2291 8344 2006-06-01T16:25:02Z Moyogo 11 [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]] #REDIRECT [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]] Wikipedia:Bísó na bísó/Yambo 2292 8345 2006-06-01T16:36:07Z Moyogo 11 <!--DÉBUT DU CADRE D'INTRODUCTION--> {| cellpadding='15' cellspacing='10' style="background:transparent" | bgcolor=#ffffff style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:2px solid #111111; border-right:2px solid #111111;" | Yambíi na lonkásá óyo, lonkásá lya bísó na bínó. Óyo ezalí na bisaleli mpɔ́ na kosala áwa. <h2> Participer! </h2><div style="float:right; background-color:#FCFCFC; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_Wiki.png]]</div> * '''[[Special:Shortpages|Améliorer]]:''' Liste des articles qui sont encore trop courts. * '''[[Special:Deadendpages|Mettre des liens]]:''' Liste des articles sans liens. * '''[[Special:Wantedpages|Ndambo ya sika]]:''' Liste des articles recherchés. * '''[[Wikipedia:Bosungi (FAQ)|Aider les autres]]:''' Répondre aux questions de ceux qui sont nouveau ici. * '''[[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|Moyángeli kokóma]]:''' Les administrateurs: .... * '''[[Lonkásá ya libosó]]:''' Qui ser résponsable pour l'article du mois? * '''[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Elɔkɔ ya sika]]:''' Ecrire les nouvelles. * '''Aide-nous à traduire les menus anglais et français en lingala [[Translate:Interface|sur cette page]]!'''. * '''[[Wikipedia:Bilelemelo|Bilelemelo]]''' Historia ya Wikipedia | bgcolor="#ffffcc" style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:2px solid #444444; border-right:2px solid #444444;" cellpadding='10' | [[Image:Megaphon square.png|35px|Annonces]] <big>'''Annonces'''</big><br /> {{Nsango ya sika}} |} 8349 2006-06-01T16:45:53Z Moyogo 11 __NOTOC__ <!--DÉBUT DU CADRE D'INTRODUCTION--> {| cellpadding='15' cellspacing='10' style="background:transparent" | bgcolor=#ffffff style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:2px solid #111111; border-right:2px solid #111111;" | Yambíi na lonkásá óyo, lonkásá lya bísó na bínó. Óyo ezalí na bisaleli mpɔ́ na kosala áwa. <h2> Participer! </h2><div style="float:right; background-color:#FCFCFC; margin-top:-45px;z-index:3;">[[Image:Symbol_Wiki.png]]</div> * '''[[Special:Shortpages|Améliorer]]:''' Liste des articles qui sont encore trop courts. * '''[[Special:Deadendpages|Mettre des liens]]:''' Liste des articles sans liens. * '''[[Special:Wantedpages|Ndambo ya sika]]:''' Liste des articles recherchés. * '''[[Wikipedia:Bosungi (FAQ)|Aider les autres]]:''' Répondre aux questions de ceux qui sont nouveau ici. * '''[[Wikipedia:Moyángeli|Moyángeli kokóma]]:''' Les administrateurs: .... * '''[[Lonkásá ya libosó]]:''' Qui ser résponsable pour l'article du mois? * '''[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Elɔkɔ ya sika]]:''' Ecrire les nouvelles. * '''Aide-nous à traduire les menus anglais et français en lingala [[Translate:Interface|sur cette page]]!'''. * '''[[Wikipedia:Bilelemelo|Bilelemelo]]''' Historia ya Wikipedia | bgcolor="#ffffcc" style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:2px solid #444444; border-right:2px solid #444444;" cellpadding='10' | [[Image:Megaphon square.png|35px|Annonces]] <big>'''Annonces'''</big><br /> {{Nsango ya sika}} |} Template:Lininísa 2293 8346 2006-06-01T16:38:40Z Moyogo 11 <div style=" display:block; vertical-align:top; width:100%; margin-bottom:1em; margin-top:1em; padding-bottom:1px; padding-left:0px; padding-right:0px;"> {| cellspacing="0" style="float: center; width:100%; background-color:#{{{fond}}}; border: #{{{bord}}} solid 1px; " | style="width:2.52em; background-color:#{{{fond_titre}}};text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #AAAAAA" | {{{logo|}}} | style="font-size:{{{tailleTitre}}};text-align:{{{align_titre}}}; background-color:#{{{fond_titre}}}; border-bottom:1px solid #AAAAAA" | {{{titre}}} | style="width:2.52em; background-color:#{{{fond_titre}}}; text-align:right; border-bottom:1px solid #AAAAAA" | <small><nowiki>[</nowiki>[[{{{mod|}}}{{{partie}}}|modifier]]<nowiki>]</nowiki></small> |- |colspan="3" style="padding:5px 3px 7px 4px" | {{{{{partie}}}}} |- |} </div> Template:Nsango ya sika 2294 8347 2006-06-01T16:39:55Z Moyogo 11 * '''Comment écrire le lingála?''' Notre [[User_talk:Bombo#caract.C3.A8res_sp.C3.A9ciaux|discussion]]. * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wikistats/FR/ChartsWikipediaLN.htm '''Statistiques'''] sur la Wikipédia Lingála (en français) 8486 2006-06-28T11:38:10Z Bombo 12 * '''Comment écrire le lingála?''' Notre [[User_talk:Bombo#caract.C3.A8res_sp.C3.A9ciaux|discussion]]. * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wikistats/FR/ChartsWikipediaLN.htm '''Statistiques'''] sur la Wikipédia Lingála (en français) * bagó [[lingála]] – [[lifalansé]]: [http://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/Catégorie:lingala] Wikipedia:Bísó na bísó/Kosálisa 2295 8348 2006-06-01T16:41:42Z Moyogo 11 [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|Kotámbola ya libosó]] | [[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya mibale|Kotambola ya mibale]] | [[Wikipedia:esika ya komeka|Esika ya komeka]] | [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] | [[Wikipedia:Participer|Participer]] | [[Wikipedia:Bosungi (FAQ)|Bosungi (FAQ)]] | [[Special:Preferences|Mon compte personnel]]</br> '''Envie de participer, mais aucune idée?''' Traduisez un article de la Wikipédia [http://en.Wikipedia.org anglaise] ou [http://fr.Wikipedia.org française]! Wikipedia:Bísó na bísó/Bosungi 2296 8350 2006-06-01T16:46:28Z Moyogo 11 * '''[[Wikipedia:Kotámbola ya libosó|Kotámbola ya libosó]] * '''[[Wikipedia:esika yakomeka|Esika yakomeka]]''' * '''[[Wikipedia:Bosungi (FAQ)|Bosungi (FAQ)]]''' Wikipedia:Bísó na bísó/Ntembe 2297 8351 2006-06-01T16:50:22Z Moyogo 11 * '''[[Talk:Lonkásá ya libosó|Lonkásá ya libosó]]:''' Idées pour améliorer «Lonkásá ya libosó» etc. [[Talk:Lonkásá ya libosó|discuter…]] * '''[[Wikipedia talk:Bísó na bísó|Bísó na bísó]]:''' [[Wikipedia talk:Bísó na bísó|Commentaires&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Current_events|Elɔ́kɔ ya sika]]:''' Qui veut être responsabble pour «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Elɔkɔ ya sika]]»? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Current_events|contectez-nous…]] * '''[[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild|Wikipedia generell]]''': Vor allem Diskussione zur Umstellig vo Elsässerditsch uf Alemannisch. [[Wikipedia:Meinungsbild]] * '''[[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Logo-Tekscht]]:''' Sinder mit dere Kompromiss-Lösig z’fride? [[Bild_Diskussion:Wiki.png|Aaluege&nbsp;…]] * '''[[MediaWiki_Discussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|De «Style» vo dr alemannische Wikipedia]]:''' Alles über Layout und Syte-Gestaltig: d’Schriftgrössi, de Hindergrund, d’Farb vo de Links … [[MediaWiki_Diskussion:Monobook.css/gem_alsatian|Vorschläg sammle&nbsp;…]] 8484 2006-06-28T11:25:59Z Bombo 12 -als * '''[[Talk:Lonkásá ya libosó|Lonkásá ya libosó]]:''' Idées pour améliorer «Lonkásá ya libosó» etc. [[Talk:Lonkásá ya libosó|discuter…]] * '''[[Wikipedia talk:Bísó na bísó|Bísó na bísó]]:''' [[Wikipedia talk:Bísó na bísó|Commentaires&nbsp;…]] * '''[[Current_events|Elɔ́kɔ ya sika]]:''' Qui veut être responsabble pour «[[Wikipedia:Current_events|Elɔkɔ ya sika]]»? [[Wikipedia_Discussion:Current_events|contectez-nous…]] User:ActiveSelective 2298 8354 2006-06-05T08:05:30Z ActiveSelective 70 * [[:en:User:ActiveSelective]] * [[:en:User_talk:ActiveSelective]] Yesu 2299 8359 2006-06-07T08:29:58Z Bombo 12 orthographie et neutralité (PONV) a vérifier [[image:Christus Ravenna.jpg|thumb|Yésu Kristo (6e s.), Mosaik na San Apollinare Nuovo, [[Ravenna]]]] '''Yésu''' (mpé ''Yésu Kristo'', *7 ou 4 na [[Betelemi]], † 30, 31 ou 33 na [[Yerusalémi]]) azali te bobele moto monene ya kala, oyo azalaki na bomoi mpe akufaki kala. Maloba ya [[Nzambe]] eyebisi ye azali Nzambe Mosali na biloko nyonso. 8361 2006-06-07T08:39:30Z Bombo 12 Template, Category {{KimokristoS}} [[image:Christus Ravenna.jpg|thumb|left|Yésu Kristo (6e s.), Mosaik na San Apollinare Nuovo, [[Ravenna]]]] '''Yésu''' (mpé ''Yésu Kristo'', *7 ou 4 na [[Betelemi]], † 30, 31 ou 33 na [[Yerusalémi]]) azali te bobele moto monene ya kala, oyo azalaki na bomoi mpe akufaki kala. Maloba ya [[Nzambe]] eyebisi ye azali Nzambe Mosali na biloko nyonso. {{ndámbo}} [[category:relijió]] [[category:boklísto]] [[af:Jesus Christus]] [[de:Jesus Christus]] [[pt:Jesus Cristo]] 8384 2006-06-12T21:38:31Z Samyra008 71 + fr: {{KimokristoS}} [[image:Christus Ravenna.jpg|thumb|left|Yésu Kristo (6e s.), Mosaik na San Apollinare Nuovo, [[Ravenna]]]] '''Yésu''' (mpé ''Yésu Kristo'', *7 ou 4 na [[Betelemi]], † 30, 31 ou 33 na [[Yerusalémi]]) azali te bobele moto monene ya kala, oyo azalaki na bomoi mpe akufaki kala. Maloba ya [[Nzambe]] eyebisi ye azali Nzambe Mosali na biloko nyonso. {{ndámbo}} [[category:relijió]] [[category:boklísto]] [[af:Jesus Christus]] [[de:Jesus Christus]] [[pt:Jesus Cristo]] [[fr:Jésus de Nazareth]] 9224 2006-08-31T11:17:26Z Bombo 12 [[Yésu]] moved to [[Yesu]]: Mokanda na Kondimana na Sika na nkolo na biso Yesu Masiya - Njembo. Kinshasa : La société biblique du Zaire, [1987] http://www.bibelarchiv-vegelahn.de/Fremdsprachen/Lingala-04.jpg {{KimokristoS}} [[image:Christus Ravenna.jpg|thumb|left|Yésu Kristo (6e s.), Mosaik na San Apollinare Nuovo, [[Ravenna]]]] '''Yésu''' (mpé ''Yésu Kristo'', *7 ou 4 na [[Betelemi]], † 30, 31 ou 33 na [[Yerusalémi]]) azali te bobele moto monene ya kala, oyo azalaki na bomoi mpe akufaki kala. Maloba ya [[Nzambe]] eyebisi ye azali Nzambe Mosali na biloko nyonso. {{ndámbo}} [[category:relijió]] [[category:boklísto]] [[af:Jesus Christus]] [[de:Jesus Christus]] [[pt:Jesus Cristo]] [[fr:Jésus de Nazareth]] 9226 2006-08-31T11:21:01Z Bombo 12 typo Yesu Bɛtɛlɛmɛ (www.bibelarchiv-vegelahn.de/Fremdsprachen/Lingala-04.jpg) {{KimokristoS}} [[image:Christus Ravenna.jpg|thumb|left|Yesu Kristo (6e s.), Mosaik na San Apollinare Nuovo, [[Ravenna]] (Italie)]] '''Yesu''' (mpé ''Yesu Kristo'' mpé ''Yesu Masiya'', *7 ou 4 na [[Bɛtɛlɛmɛ]], † 30, 31 ou 33 na [[Yerusalémi]]) azali te bobele moto monene ya kala, oyo azalaki na bomoi mpe akufaki kala. Maloba ya [[Nzámbe]] eyebisi ye azali Nzámbe Mosali na biloko nyonso. {{ndámbo}} [[category:relijió]] [[category:boklísto]] [[af:Jesus Christus]] [[de:Jesus Christus]] [[pt:Jesus Cristo]] [[fr:Jésus de Nazareth]] Wikipedia talk:GNU Free Document License 2300 8363 2006-06-08T11:48:00Z 82.206.206.2 motema na ngai Sindika 2301 8368 2006-06-11T15:45:03Z Bombo 12 Bokasi bonene bwa '''basindika''' nde [[lisangá]]. Soko basali bazali motema moko mpe bakosalisana solo, soko baboyi [[avoka]] mpé [[madesu ya bana]]; wana ndebakoki kobatela makoki ma bango, wana ndebakoki kosengisa [[patro|bapatro]] na mpé [[leta]] bapesa basali maye masengeli na bango. ==Ndakisa== <!-- N'y a-t-il des dénominations en Lingála de ces syndicats?--> * Confédération des Syndicats Libres du Congo (CSLC) [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|RKD]] * Confédération Syndicale des Travailleurs du Congo (CSTC) [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ]] * Confédération syndicale congolaise (CSC) [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ]] * Confédération des Syndicats Libres et Autonomes du Congo (COSYLAC) [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ|Kɔ́ngɔ]] * Conseil des Syndicats de Services Publics (COSSEP) [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|RKD]] * Fédération Générale des Travailleurs du Kongo (FGTK) [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|RKD]] * Intersyndicale de l'administration publique (IAP) [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|RKD]] * Syndicat des enseignants du Congo (SYECO) [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|RKD]] * Syndicat national des enseignants catholiques (SYNECAT) [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|RKD]] ==Tála mpé== * Das, J., ''Sindika''. Kinshasa: Éditions d'Esperance. [[category:lisangá]] [[category:politiki]] {{ndámbo}} [[ca:Sindicat]] [[en:Trade union]] [[eo:Sindikato]] [[es:Sindicato]] [[fi:Ammattiliitto]] [[fr:Syndicat professionnel]] [[he:איגוד מקצועי]] [[ja:労働組合]] [[ko:노동조합]] [[nl:Vakbond]] [[pl:Związek zawodowy]] [[sv:Fackförening]] [[zh:工会]] Category talk:Politiki 2302 8371 2006-06-11T16:12:01Z Bombo 12 '''Vocabulaire politique''' source: M. Kalulambi Pongo. *clanisme (libota) *Démocratie, demokrasi *Droit (mibeko, mikano) *élections,Eleksio *l'entente (boyokani) * justice (bosembo) *liberté (bonsomi) *loi (mibeko) *mensonge (kokosa), *Non-violence évangélique, Kobongisa mboka na boboto *la paix (boboto) *peuple (bana mboka) *pouvoir autoritaire (bokonzi o maboko ma moto moko) *Partis politiques, Baparti politiki *régionalisme (etuka) *responsabilité (ntoki), *sagesse (bwanya), *Syndicats, Sindika *voler (koyiba), *violence morale ou physique (kosala mabe) *représentants, autorités (bakonzi) *l'arbitraire (bisalela) *valeurs d'humilité (bomikitisi), *solidarité (bomoko) *recherche du bien commun (bolamu bwa bato banso). *botongi mboka ya sika (construction d'un pays nouveau, d'une nation nouvelle) *kotika nzela ya kala (abandonner les anciennes pratiques) *l'union (lisanga) *entr'aide (bosalisani). *bakonzi ba leta (les autorités de l'état), *mosala ya leta (le travail de l'état), *mbongo ya leta (l'argent de l'état), *makoki ma leta (les responsabilités de l'état), *toyambi Yezu Kristu na Nsango Elamu ya ye (nous avons accueilli Jésus-Christ avec son message de vérité) *des armes de paix (bibuneli bya boboto), *lutter (kobunda) * mboka ekufi (lingala), * ditunga ndifue (tshiluba), * nza yifuidi (kikongo) * mukini ina alabika (swahili), * pour signifier que ''le pays est mort''. Pari 2303 8377 2006-06-12T11:30:30Z 160.85.2.50 [[image:Blason paris.png|thumb|right|Almwali ya Pari]] Mbóka tô engúmba '''Pari''' (/paˈʀi/, ''Paris'' na lokóta ya [[lifalansé]]) ezali [[mbóka-mokonzi]] ya [[Falansia]]. Ezali engúmba monɛ́nɛ, na milioni 2.1 ya bato (2005). [[Category:Ndámbo]] [[Category:Falansia]] [[Category:mbóka-mokonzi]] [[af:Parys]] [[als:Paris (Stadt)]] [[an:París]] [[ar:باريس]] [[ast:París]] [[bg:Париж]] [[ca:París]] [[cs:Paříž]] [[cy:Paris]] [[da:Paris]] [[de:Paris]] [[el:Παρίσι]] [[en:Paris]] [[eo:Parizo]] [[es:París]] [[et:Pariis]] [[eu:Paris]] [[fi:Pariisi]] [[fr:Paris]] [[ga:Páras]] [[gl:París - Paris]] [[he:פריז]] [[id:Paris]] [[io:Paris]] [[it:Parigi]] [[ja:パリ]] [[kn:ಪ್ಯಾರಿಸ್]] [[ko:파리 시]] [[ku:Parîs]] [[la:Lutetia]] [[lb:Paräis]] [[li:Paries]] [[lt:Paryžius]] [[lv:Parīze]] [[na:Paris]] [[nds:Paris]] [[nl:Parijs]] [[nn:Paris]] [[no:Paris]] [[oc:París]] [[pl:Paryż]] [[pt:Paris]] [[ro:Paris]] [[ru:Париж]] [[sco:Paris]] [[simple:Paris]] [[sl:Pariz]] [[sq:Paris]] [[sr:Париз]] [[sv:Paris]] [[ta:பாரிஸ்]] [[tl:Paris]] [[tr:Paris]] [[uk:Париж]] [[vi:Paris]] [[zh:巴黎]] 9159 2006-08-25T06:26:10Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: be, fa, fy, gd, hr, hu, ia, ka, kw, mk, ms, os, pms, scn, sk, sw, th, ug Modifie: sq, tl [[image:Blason paris.png|thumb|right|Almwali ya Pari]] Mbóka tô engúmba '''Pari''' (/paˈʀi/, ''Paris'' na lokóta ya [[lifalansé]]) ezali [[mbóka-mokonzi]] ya [[Falansia]]. Ezali engúmba monɛ́nɛ, na milioni 2.1 ya bato (2005). [[Category:Ndámbo]] [[Category:Falansia]] [[Category:mbóka-mokonzi]] [[af:Parys]] [[als:Paris (Stadt)]] [[an:París]] [[ar:باريس]] [[ast:París]] [[be:Парыж]] [[bg:Париж]] [[ca:París]] [[cs:Paříž]] [[cy:Paris]] [[da:Paris]] [[de:Paris]] [[el:Παρίσι]] [[en:Paris]] [[eo:Parizo]] [[es:París]] [[et:Pariis]] [[eu:Paris]] [[fa:پاریس]] [[fi:Pariisi]] [[fr:Paris]] [[fy:Parys]] [[ga:Páras]] [[gd:Paris]] [[gl:París - Paris]] [[he:פריז]] [[hr:Pariz]] [[hu:Párizs]] [[ia:Paris]] [[id:Paris]] [[io:Paris]] [[it:Parigi]] [[ja:パリ]] [[ka:პარიზი]] [[kn:ಪ್ಯಾರಿಸ್]] [[ko:파리 시]] [[ku:Parîs]] [[kw:Paris]] [[la:Lutetia]] [[lb:Paräis]] [[li:Paries]] [[lt:Paryžius]] [[lv:Parīze]] [[mk:Париз]] [[ms:Paris]] [[na:Paris]] [[nds:Paris]] [[nl:Parijs]] [[nn:Paris]] [[no:Paris]] [[oc:París]] [[os:Париж]] [[pl:Paryż]] [[pms:Paris]] [[pt:Paris]] [[ro:Paris]] [[ru:Париж]] [[scn:Pariggi]] [[sco:Paris]] [[simple:Paris]] [[sk:Paríž]] [[sl:Pariz]] [[sq:Parisi]] [[sr:Париз]] [[sv:Paris]] [[sw:Paris]] [[ta:பாரிஸ்]] [[th:ปารีส]] [[tl:Lungsod ng Paris]] [[tr:Paris]] [[ug:پارىژ]] [[uk:Париж]] [[vi:Paris]] [[zh:巴黎]] 9315 2006-09-02T11:23:42Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[hy:Փարիզ]], [[ty:Paris]] [[image:Blason paris.png|thumb|right|Almwali ya Pari]] Mbóka tô engúmba '''Pari''' (/paˈʀi/, ''Paris'' na lokóta ya [[lifalansé]]) ezali [[mbóka-mokonzi]] ya [[Falansia]]. Ezali engúmba monɛ́nɛ, na milioni 2.1 ya bato (2005). [[Category:Ndámbo]] [[Category:Falansia]] [[Category:mbóka-mokonzi]] [[af:Parys]] [[als:Paris (Stadt)]] [[an:París]] [[ar:باريس]] [[ast:París]] [[be:Парыж]] [[bg:Париж]] [[ca:París]] [[cs:Paříž]] [[cy:Paris]] [[da:Paris]] [[de:Paris]] [[el:Παρίσι]] [[en:Paris]] [[eo:Parizo]] [[es:París]] [[et:Pariis]] [[eu:Paris]] [[fa:پاریس]] [[fi:Pariisi]] [[fr:Paris]] [[fy:Parys]] [[ga:Páras]] [[gd:Paris]] [[gl:París - Paris]] [[he:פריז]] [[hr:Pariz]] [[hu:Párizs]] [[hy:Փարիզ]] [[ia:Paris]] [[id:Paris]] [[io:Paris]] [[it:Parigi]] [[ja:パリ]] [[ka:პარიზი]] [[kn:ಪ್ಯಾರಿಸ್]] [[ko:파리 시]] [[ku:Parîs]] [[kw:Paris]] [[la:Lutetia]] [[lb:Paräis]] [[li:Paries]] [[lt:Paryžius]] [[lv:Parīze]] [[mk:Париз]] [[ms:Paris]] [[na:Paris]] [[nds:Paris]] [[nl:Parijs]] [[nn:Paris]] [[no:Paris]] [[oc:París]] [[os:Париж]] [[pl:Paryż]] [[pms:Paris]] [[pt:Paris]] [[ro:Paris]] [[ru:Париж]] [[scn:Pariggi]] [[sco:Paris]] [[simple:Paris]] [[sk:Paríž]] [[sl:Pariz]] [[sq:Parisi]] [[sr:Париз]] [[sv:Paris]] [[sw:Paris]] [[ta:பாரிஸ்]] [[th:ปารีส]] [[tl:Lungsod ng Paris]] [[tr:Paris]] [[ty:Paris]] [[ug:پارىژ]] [[uk:Париж]] [[vi:Paris]] [[zh:巴黎]] 9334 2006-09-10T01:39:24Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: lad [[image:Blason paris.png|thumb|right|Almwali ya Pari]] Mbóka tô engúmba '''Pari''' (/paˈʀi/, ''Paris'' na lokóta ya [[lifalansé]]) ezali [[mbóka-mokonzi]] ya [[Falansia]]. Ezali engúmba monɛ́nɛ, na milioni 2.1 ya bato (2005). [[Category:Ndámbo]] [[Category:Falansia]] [[Category:mbóka-mokonzi]] [[af:Parys]] [[als:Paris (Stadt)]] [[an:París]] [[ar:باريس]] [[ast:París]] [[be:Парыж]] [[bg:Париж]] [[ca:París]] [[cs:Paříž]] [[cy:Paris]] [[da:Paris]] [[de:Paris]] [[el:Παρίσι]] [[en:Paris]] [[eo:Parizo]] [[es:París]] [[et:Pariis]] [[eu:Paris]] [[fa:پاریس]] [[fi:Pariisi]] [[fr:Paris]] [[fy:Parys]] [[ga:Páras]] [[gd:Paris]] [[gl:París - Paris]] [[he:פריז]] [[hr:Pariz]] [[hu:Párizs]] [[hy:Փարիզ]] [[ia:Paris]] [[id:Paris]] [[io:Paris]] [[it:Parigi]] [[ja:パリ]] [[ka:პარიზი]] [[kn:ಪ್ಯಾರಿಸ್]] [[ko:파리 시]] [[ku:Parîs]] [[kw:Paris]] [[la:Lutetia]] [[lad:Paris]] [[lb:Paräis]] [[li:Paries]] [[lt:Paryžius]] [[lv:Parīze]] [[mk:Париз]] [[ms:Paris]] [[na:Paris]] [[nds:Paris]] [[nl:Parijs]] [[nn:Paris]] [[no:Paris]] [[oc:París]] [[os:Париж]] [[pl:Paryż]] [[pms:Paris]] [[pt:Paris]] [[ro:Paris]] [[ru:Париж]] [[scn:Pariggi]] [[sco:Paris]] [[simple:Paris]] [[sk:Paríž]] [[sl:Pariz]] [[sq:Parisi]] [[sr:Париз]] [[sv:Paris]] [[sw:Paris]] [[ta:பாரிஸ்]] [[th:ปารีส]] [[tl:Lungsod ng Paris]] [[tr:Paris]] [[ty:Paris]] [[ug:پارىژ]] [[uk:Париж]] [[vi:Paris]] [[zh:巴黎]] 9431 2006-10-08T17:36:19Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: am, arc, gv, mr, tet, tg [[image:Blason paris.png|thumb|right|Almwali ya Pari]] Mbóka tô engúmba '''Pari''' (/paˈʀi/, ''Paris'' na lokóta ya [[lifalansé]]) ezali [[mbóka-mokonzi]] ya [[Falansia]]. Ezali engúmba monɛ́nɛ, na milioni 2.1 ya bato (2005). [[Category:Ndámbo]] [[Category:Falansia]] [[Category:mbóka-mokonzi]] [[af:Parys]] [[als:Paris (Stadt)]] [[am:ፓሪስ]] [[an:París]] [[ar:باريس]] [[arc:ܦܪܝܣ]] [[ast:París]] [[be:Парыж]] [[bg:Париж]] [[ca:París]] [[cs:Paříž]] [[cy:Paris]] [[da:Paris]] [[de:Paris]] [[el:Παρίσι]] [[en:Paris]] [[eo:Parizo]] [[es:París]] [[et:Pariis]] [[eu:Paris]] [[fa:پاریس]] [[fi:Pariisi]] [[fr:Paris]] [[fy:Parys]] [[ga:Páras]] [[gd:Paris]] [[gl:París - Paris]] [[gv:Paarys]] [[he:פריז]] [[hr:Pariz]] [[hu:Párizs]] [[hy:Փարիզ]] [[ia:Paris]] [[id:Paris]] [[io:Paris]] [[it:Parigi]] [[ja:パリ]] [[ka:პარიზი]] [[kn:ಪ್ಯಾರಿಸ್]] [[ko:파리 시]] [[ku:Parîs]] [[kw:Paris]] [[la:Lutetia]] [[lad:Paris]] [[lb:Paräis]] [[li:Paries]] [[lt:Paryžius]] [[lv:Parīze]] [[mk:Париз]] [[mr:पॅरिस]] [[ms:Paris]] [[na:Paris]] [[nds:Paris]] [[nl:Parijs]] [[nn:Paris]] [[no:Paris]] [[oc:París]] [[os:Париж]] [[pl:Paryż]] [[pms:Paris]] [[pt:Paris]] [[ro:Paris]] [[ru:Париж]] [[scn:Pariggi]] [[sco:Paris]] [[simple:Paris]] [[sk:Paríž]] [[sl:Pariz]] [[sq:Parisi]] [[sr:Париз]] [[sv:Paris]] [[sw:Paris]] [[ta:பாரிஸ்]] [[tet:París]] [[tg:Париж]] [[th:ปารีส]] [[tl:Lungsod ng Paris]] [[tr:Paris]] [[ty:Paris]] [[ug:پارىژ]] [[uk:Париж]] [[vi:Paris]] [[zh:巴黎]] 9558 2006-10-22T18:56:42Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: ksh, lmo, ur, vls [[image:Blason paris.png|thumb|right|Almwali ya Pari]] Mbóka tô engúmba '''Pari''' (/paˈʀi/, ''Paris'' na lokóta ya [[lifalansé]]) ezali [[mbóka-mokonzi]] ya [[Falansia]]. Ezali engúmba monɛ́nɛ, na milioni 2.1 ya bato (2005). [[Category:Ndámbo]] [[Category:Falansia]] [[Category:mbóka-mokonzi]] [[af:Parys]] [[als:Paris (Stadt)]] [[am:ፓሪስ]] [[an:París]] [[ar:باريس]] [[arc:ܦܪܝܣ]] [[ast:París]] [[be:Парыж]] [[bg:Париж]] [[ca:París]] [[cs:Paříž]] [[cy:Paris]] [[da:Paris]] [[de:Paris]] [[el:Παρίσι]] [[en:Paris]] [[eo:Parizo]] [[es:París]] [[et:Pariis]] [[eu:Paris]] [[fa:پاریس]] [[fi:Pariisi]] [[fr:Paris]] [[fy:Parys]] [[ga:Páras]] [[gd:Paris]] [[gl:París - Paris]] [[gv:Paarys]] [[he:פריז]] [[hr:Pariz]] [[hu:Párizs]] [[hy:Փարիզ]] [[ia:Paris]] [[id:Paris]] [[io:Paris]] [[it:Parigi]] [[ja:パリ]] [[ka:პარიზი]] [[kn:ಪ್ಯಾರಿಸ್]] [[ko:파리 시]] [[ksh:Paris]] [[ku:Parîs]] [[kw:Paris]] [[la:Lutetia]] [[lad:Paris]] [[lb:Paräis]] [[li:Paries]] [[lmo:Paris]] [[lt:Paryžius]] [[lv:Parīze]] [[mk:Париз]] [[mr:पॅरिस]] [[ms:Paris]] [[na:Paris]] [[nds:Paris]] [[nl:Parijs]] [[nn:Paris]] [[no:Paris]] [[oc:París]] [[os:Париж]] [[pl:Paryż]] [[pms:Paris]] [[pt:Paris]] [[ro:Paris]] [[ru:Париж]] [[scn:Pariggi]] [[sco:Paris]] [[simple:Paris]] [[sk:Paríž]] [[sl:Pariz]] [[sq:Parisi]] [[sr:Париз]] [[sv:Paris]] [[sw:Paris]] [[ta:பாரிஸ்]] [[tet:París]] [[tg:Париж]] [[th:ปารีส]] [[tl:Lungsod ng Paris]] [[tr:Paris]] [[ty:Paris]] [[ug:پارىژ]] [[uk:Париж]] [[ur:پیرس]] [[vi:Paris]] [[vls:Paris]] [[zh:巴黎]] 9816 2006-11-19T19:11:14Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: br, jbo, mg, sh [[image:Blason paris.png|thumb|right|Almwali ya Pari]] Mbóka tô engúmba '''Pari''' (/paˈʀi/, ''Paris'' na lokóta ya [[lifalansé]]) ezali [[mbóka-mokonzi]] ya [[Falansia]]. Ezali engúmba monɛ́nɛ, na milioni 2.1 ya bato (2005). [[Category:Ndámbo]] [[Category:Falansia]] [[Category:mbóka-mokonzi]] [[af:Parys]] [[als:Paris (Stadt)]] [[am:ፓሪስ]] [[an:París]] [[ar:باريس]] [[arc:ܦܪܝܣ]] [[ast:París]] [[be:Парыж]] [[bg:Париж]] [[br:Pariz]] [[ca:París]] [[cs:Paříž]] [[cy:Paris]] [[da:Paris]] [[de:Paris]] [[el:Παρίσι]] [[en:Paris]] [[eo:Parizo]] [[es:París]] [[et:Pariis]] [[eu:Paris]] [[fa:پاریس]] [[fi:Pariisi]] [[fr:Paris]] [[fy:Parys]] [[ga:Páras]] [[gd:Paris]] [[gl:París - Paris]] [[gv:Paarys]] [[he:פריז]] [[hr:Pariz]] [[hu:Párizs]] [[hy:Փարիզ]] [[ia:Paris]] [[id:Paris]] [[io:Paris]] [[it:Parigi]] [[ja:パリ]] [[jbo:pariz]] [[ka:პარიზი]] [[kn:ಪ್ಯಾರಿಸ್]] [[ko:파리 시]] [[ksh:Paris]] [[ku:Parîs]] [[kw:Paris]] [[la:Lutetia]] [[lad:Paris]] [[lb:Paräis]] [[li:Paries]] [[lmo:Paris]] [[lt:Paryžius]] [[lv:Parīze]] [[mg:Paris]] [[mk:Париз]] [[mr:पॅरिस]] [[ms:Paris]] [[na:Paris]] [[nds:Paris]] [[nl:Parijs]] [[nn:Paris]] [[no:Paris]] [[oc:París]] [[os:Париж]] [[pl:Paryż]] [[pms:Paris]] [[pt:Paris]] [[ro:Paris]] [[ru:Париж]] [[scn:Pariggi]] [[sco:Paris]] [[sh:Pariz]] [[simple:Paris]] [[sk:Paríž]] [[sl:Pariz]] [[sq:Parisi]] [[sr:Париз]] [[sv:Paris]] [[sw:Paris]] [[ta:பாரிஸ்]] [[tet:París]] [[tg:Париж]] [[th:ปารีส]] [[tl:Lungsod ng Paris]] [[tr:Paris]] [[ty:Paris]] [[ug:پارىژ]] [[uk:Париж]] [[ur:پیرس]] [[vi:Paris]] [[vls:Paris]] [[zh:巴黎]] 9819 2006-11-21T18:49:40Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[lij:Parigg-i]] Retire: [[mk:Париз]] [[image:Blason paris.png|thumb|right|Almwali ya Pari]] Mbóka tô engúmba '''Pari''' (/paˈʀi/, ''Paris'' na lokóta ya [[lifalansé]]) ezali [[mbóka-mokonzi]] ya [[Falansia]]. Ezali engúmba monɛ́nɛ, na milioni 2.1 ya bato (2005). [[Category:Ndámbo]] [[Category:Falansia]] [[Category:mbóka-mokonzi]] [[af:Parys]] [[als:Paris (Stadt)]] [[am:ፓሪስ]] [[an:París]] [[ar:باريس]] [[arc:ܦܪܝܣ]] [[ast:París]] [[be:Парыж]] [[bg:Париж]] [[br:Pariz]] [[ca:París]] [[cs:Paříž]] [[cy:Paris]] [[da:Paris]] [[de:Paris]] [[el:Παρίσι]] [[en:Paris]] [[eo:Parizo]] [[es:París]] [[et:Pariis]] [[eu:Paris]] [[fa:پاریس]] [[fi:Pariisi]] [[fr:Paris]] [[fy:Parys]] [[ga:Páras]] [[gd:Paris]] [[gl:París - Paris]] [[gv:Paarys]] [[he:פריז]] [[hr:Pariz]] [[hu:Párizs]] [[hy:Փարիզ]] [[ia:Paris]] [[id:Paris]] [[io:Paris]] [[it:Parigi]] [[ja:パリ]] [[jbo:pariz]] [[ka:პარიზი]] [[kn:ಪ್ಯಾರಿಸ್]] [[ko:파리 시]] [[ksh:Paris]] [[ku:Parîs]] [[kw:Paris]] [[la:Lutetia]] [[lad:Paris]] [[lb:Paräis]] [[li:Paries]] [[lij:Parigg-i]] [[lmo:Paris]] [[lt:Paryžius]] [[lv:Parīze]] [[mg:Paris]] [[mr:पॅरिस]] [[ms:Paris]] [[na:Paris]] [[nds:Paris]] [[nl:Parijs]] [[nn:Paris]] [[no:Paris]] [[oc:París]] [[os:Париж]] [[pl:Paryż]] [[pms:Paris]] [[pt:Paris]] [[ro:Paris]] [[ru:Париж]] [[scn:Pariggi]] [[sco:Paris]] [[sh:Pariz]] [[simple:Paris]] [[sk:Paríž]] [[sl:Pariz]] [[sq:Parisi]] [[sr:Париз]] [[sv:Paris]] [[sw:Paris]] [[ta:பாரிஸ்]] [[tet:París]] [[tg:Париж]] [[th:ปารีส]] [[tl:Lungsod ng Paris]] [[tr:Paris]] [[ty:Paris]] [[ug:پارىژ]] [[uk:Париж]] [[ur:پیرس]] [[vi:Paris]] [[vls:Paris]] [[zh:巴黎]] 10016 2006-12-20T11:23:28Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[frp:Paris]] [[image:Blason paris.png|thumb|right|Almwali ya Pari]] Mbóka tô engúmba '''Pari''' (/paˈʀi/, ''Paris'' na lokóta ya [[lifalansé]]) ezali [[mbóka-mokonzi]] ya [[Falansia]]. Ezali engúmba monɛ́nɛ, na milioni 2.1 ya bato (2005). [[Category:Ndámbo]] [[Category:Falansia]] [[Category:mbóka-mokonzi]] [[af:Parys]] [[als:Paris (Stadt)]] [[am:ፓሪስ]] [[an:París]] [[ar:باريس]] [[arc:ܦܪܝܣ]] [[ast:París]] [[be:Парыж]] [[bg:Париж]] [[br:Pariz]] [[ca:París]] [[cs:Paříž]] [[cy:Paris]] [[da:Paris]] [[de:Paris]] [[el:Παρίσι]] [[en:Paris]] [[eo:Parizo]] [[es:París]] [[et:Pariis]] [[eu:Paris]] [[fa:پاریس]] [[fi:Pariisi]] [[fr:Paris]] [[frp:Paris]] [[fy:Parys]] [[ga:Páras]] [[gd:Paris]] [[gl:París - Paris]] [[gv:Paarys]] [[he:פריז]] [[hr:Pariz]] [[hu:Párizs]] [[hy:Փարիզ]] [[ia:Paris]] [[id:Paris]] [[io:Paris]] [[it:Parigi]] [[ja:パリ]] [[jbo:pariz]] [[ka:პარიზი]] [[kn:ಪ್ಯಾರಿಸ್]] [[ko:파리 시]] [[ksh:Paris]] [[ku:Parîs]] [[kw:Paris]] [[la:Lutetia]] [[lad:Paris]] [[lb:Paräis]] [[li:Paries]] [[lij:Parigg-i]] [[lmo:Paris]] [[lt:Paryžius]] [[lv:Parīze]] [[mg:Paris]] [[mr:पॅरिस]] [[ms:Paris]] [[na:Paris]] [[nds:Paris]] [[nl:Parijs]] [[nn:Paris]] [[no:Paris]] [[oc:París]] [[os:Париж]] [[pl:Paryż]] [[pms:Paris]] [[pt:Paris]] [[ro:Paris]] [[ru:Париж]] [[scn:Pariggi]] [[sco:Paris]] [[sh:Pariz]] [[simple:Paris]] [[sk:Paríž]] [[sl:Pariz]] [[sq:Parisi]] [[sr:Париз]] [[sv:Paris]] [[sw:Paris]] [[ta:பாரிஸ்]] [[tet:París]] [[tg:Париж]] [[th:ปารีส]] [[tl:Lungsod ng Paris]] [[tr:Paris]] [[ty:Paris]] [[ug:پارىژ]] [[uk:Париж]] [[ur:پیرس]] [[vi:Paris]] [[vls:Paris]] [[zh:巴黎]] Category:Falansia 2304 8378 2006-06-12T11:32:38Z 160.85.2.50 cat [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[Category:Eropa]] 8979 2006-08-01T07:44:33Z Saforrest 80 interwiki [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[Category:Eropa]] [[af:Kategorie:Frankryk]] [[ar:تصنيف:فرنسا]] [[an:Categoría:Franzia]] [[ast:Categoría:Francia]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Hoat-kok]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Францыя]] [[bs:Kategorija:Francuska]] [[bg:Категория:Франция]] [[ca:Categoria:França]] [[cs:Kategorie:Francie]] [[da:Kategori:Frankrig]] [[de:Kategorie:Frankreich]] [[et:Kategooria:Prantsusmaa]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Γαλλία]] [[en:Category:France]] [[es:Categoría:Francia]] [[eo:Kategorio:Francio]] [[eu:Kategoria:Frantzia]] [[fa:رده:فرانسه]] [[fr:Catégorie:France]] [[ga:Catagóir:An Fhrainc]] [[gl:Category:Francia]] [[ko:분류:프랑스]] [[hr:Kategorija:Francuska]] [[io:Category:Francia]] [[id:Kategori:Perancis]] [[is:Flokkur:Frakkland]] [[it:Categoria:Francia]] [[he:קטגוריה:צרפת]] [[ka:კატეგორია:საფრანგეთი]] [[kw:Category:Pow Frynk]] [[la:Categoria:Francia]] [[lv:Kategorija:Francija]] [[lb:Category:Frankräich]] [[lt:Kategorija:Prancūzija]] [[li:Kategorie:Frankriek]] [[hu:Kategória:Franciaország]] [[na:Category:France]] [[nl:Categorie:Frankrijk]] [[nds-nl:Categorie:Fraankriek]] [[ja:Category:フランス]] [[no:Kategori:Frankrike]] [[nn:Kategori:Frankrike]] [[oc:Categoria:França]] [[os:Категори:Франц]] [[nds:Kategorie:Frankriek]] [[pl:Kategoria:Francja]] [[pt:Categoria:França]] [[ro:Categorie:Franţa]] [[ru:Категория:Франция]] [[scn:Category:Francia]] [[simple:Category:France]] [[sk:Kategória:Francúzsko]] [[sl:Kategorija:Francija]] [[sr:Категорија:Француска]] [[sh:Category:Francuska]] [[fi:Luokka:Ranska]] [[sv:Kategori:Frankrike]] [[ta:பகுப்பு:பிரான்ஸ்]] [[tl:Category:France]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:ประเทศฝรั่งเศส]] [[vi:Thể loại:Pháp]] [[tr:Kategori:Fransa]] [[uk:Категорія:Франція]] [[zh-yue:Category:法國]] [[zh:Category:法国]] 9213 2006-08-31T06:32:10Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[pms:Categorìa:Fransa]] Modifie: [[nds-nl:Categorie:Frankriek]] [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[Category:Eropa]] [[af:Kategorie:Frankryk]] [[an:Categoría:Franzia]] [[ar:تصنيف:فرنسا]] [[ast:Categoría:Francia]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Францыя]] [[bg:Категория:Франция]] [[bs:Kategorija:Francuska]] [[ca:Categoria:França]] [[cs:Kategorie:Francie]] [[da:Kategori:Frankrig]] [[de:Kategorie:Frankreich]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Γαλλία]] [[en:Category:France]] [[eo:Kategorio:Francio]] [[es:Categoría:Francia]] [[et:Kategooria:Prantsusmaa]] [[eu:Kategoria:Frantzia]] [[fa:رده:فرانسه]] [[fi:Luokka:Ranska]] [[fr:Catégorie:France]] [[ga:Catagóir:An Fhrainc]] [[gl:Category:Francia]] [[he:קטגוריה:צרפת]] [[hr:Kategorija:Francuska]] [[hu:Kategória:Franciaország]] [[id:Kategori:Perancis]] [[io:Category:Francia]] [[is:Flokkur:Frakkland]] [[it:Categoria:Francia]] [[ja:Category:フランス]] [[ka:კატეგორია:საფრანგეთი]] [[ko:분류:프랑스]] [[kw:Category:Pow Frynk]] [[la:Categoria:Francia]] [[lb:Category:Frankräich]] [[li:Kategorie:Frankriek]] [[lt:Kategorija:Prancūzija]] [[lv:Kategorija:Francija]] [[na:Category:France]] [[nds:Kategorie:Frankriek]] [[nds-nl:Categorie:Frankriek]] [[nl:Categorie:Frankrijk]] [[nn:Kategori:Frankrike]] [[no:Kategori:Frankrike]] [[oc:Categoria:França]] [[os:Категори:Франц]] [[pl:Kategoria:Francja]] [[pms:Categorìa:Fransa]] [[pt:Categoria:França]] [[ro:Categorie:Franţa]] [[ru:Категория:Франция]] [[scn:Category:Francia]] [[sh:Category:Francuska]] [[simple:Category:France]] [[sk:Kategória:Francúzsko]] [[sl:Kategorija:Francija]] [[sr:Категорија:Француска]] [[sv:Kategori:Frankrike]] [[ta:பகுப்பு:பிரான்ஸ்]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:ประเทศฝรั่งเศส]] [[tl:Category:France]] [[tr:Kategori:Fransa]] [[uk:Категорія:Франція]] [[vi:Thể loại:Pháp]] [[zh:Category:法国]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Hoat-kok]] [[zh-yue:Category:法國]] 9308 2006-08-31T19:29:40Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: br, csb, cv, cy, fiu-vro, frp [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[Category:Eropa]] [[af:Kategorie:Frankryk]] [[an:Categoría:Franzia]] [[ar:تصنيف:فرنسا]] [[ast:Categoría:Francia]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Францыя]] [[bg:Категория:Франция]] [[br:Rummad:Frañs]] [[bs:Kategorija:Francuska]] [[ca:Categoria:França]] [[cs:Kategorie:Francie]] [[csb:Kategòrëjô:Francëjô]] [[cv:Категори:Франци]] [[cy:Categori:Ffrainc]] [[da:Kategori:Frankrig]] [[de:Kategorie:Frankreich]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Γαλλία]] [[en:Category:France]] [[eo:Kategorio:Francio]] [[es:Categoría:Francia]] [[et:Kategooria:Prantsusmaa]] [[eu:Kategoria:Frantzia]] [[fa:رده:فرانسه]] [[fi:Luokka:Ranska]] [[fiu-vro:Category:Prantsusmaa]] [[fr:Catégorie:France]] [[frp:Category:France]] [[ga:Catagóir:An Fhrainc]] [[gl:Category:Francia]] [[he:קטגוריה:צרפת]] [[hr:Kategorija:Francuska]] [[hu:Kategória:Franciaország]] [[id:Kategori:Perancis]] [[io:Category:Francia]] [[is:Flokkur:Frakkland]] [[it:Categoria:Francia]] [[ja:Category:フランス]] [[ka:კატეგორია:საფრანგეთი]] [[ko:분류:프랑스]] [[kw:Category:Pow Frynk]] [[la:Categoria:Francia]] [[lb:Category:Frankräich]] [[li:Kategorie:Frankriek]] [[lt:Kategorija:Prancūzija]] [[lv:Kategorija:Francija]] [[na:Category:France]] [[nds:Kategorie:Frankriek]] [[nds-nl:Categorie:Frankriek]] [[nl:Categorie:Frankrijk]] [[nn:Kategori:Frankrike]] [[no:Kategori:Frankrike]] [[oc:Categoria:França]] [[os:Категори:Франц]] [[pl:Kategoria:Francja]] [[pms:Categorìa:Fransa]] [[pt:Categoria:França]] [[ro:Categorie:Franţa]] [[ru:Категория:Франция]] [[scn:Category:Francia]] [[sh:Category:Francuska]] [[simple:Category:France]] [[sk:Kategória:Francúzsko]] [[sl:Kategorija:Francija]] [[sr:Категорија:Француска]] [[sv:Kategori:Frankrike]] [[ta:பகுப்பு:பிரான்ஸ்]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:ประเทศฝรั่งเศส]] [[tl:Category:France]] [[tr:Kategori:Fransa]] [[uk:Категорія:Франція]] [[vi:Thể loại:Pháp]] [[zh:Category:法国]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Hoat-kok]] [[zh-yue:Category:法國]] 9342 2006-09-11T19:51:14Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[wa:Categoreye:France]] [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[Category:Eropa]] [[af:Kategorie:Frankryk]] [[an:Categoría:Franzia]] [[ar:تصنيف:فرنسا]] [[ast:Categoría:Francia]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Францыя]] [[bg:Категория:Франция]] [[br:Rummad:Frañs]] [[bs:Kategorija:Francuska]] [[ca:Categoria:França]] [[cs:Kategorie:Francie]] [[csb:Kategòrëjô:Francëjô]] [[cv:Категори:Франци]] [[cy:Categori:Ffrainc]] [[da:Kategori:Frankrig]] [[de:Kategorie:Frankreich]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Γαλλία]] [[en:Category:France]] [[eo:Kategorio:Francio]] [[es:Categoría:Francia]] [[et:Kategooria:Prantsusmaa]] [[eu:Kategoria:Frantzia]] [[fa:رده:فرانسه]] [[fi:Luokka:Ranska]] [[fiu-vro:Category:Prantsusmaa]] [[fr:Catégorie:France]] [[frp:Category:France]] [[ga:Catagóir:An Fhrainc]] [[gl:Category:Francia]] [[he:קטגוריה:צרפת]] [[hr:Kategorija:Francuska]] [[hu:Kategória:Franciaország]] [[id:Kategori:Perancis]] [[io:Category:Francia]] [[is:Flokkur:Frakkland]] [[it:Categoria:Francia]] [[ja:Category:フランス]] [[ka:კატეგორია:საფრანგეთი]] [[ko:분류:프랑스]] [[kw:Category:Pow Frynk]] [[la:Categoria:Francia]] [[lb:Category:Frankräich]] [[li:Kategorie:Frankriek]] [[lt:Kategorija:Prancūzija]] [[lv:Kategorija:Francija]] [[na:Category:France]] [[nds:Kategorie:Frankriek]] [[nds-nl:Categorie:Frankriek]] [[nl:Categorie:Frankrijk]] [[nn:Kategori:Frankrike]] [[no:Kategori:Frankrike]] [[oc:Categoria:França]] [[os:Категори:Франц]] [[pl:Kategoria:Francja]] [[pms:Categorìa:Fransa]] [[pt:Categoria:França]] [[ro:Categorie:Franţa]] [[ru:Категория:Франция]] [[scn:Category:Francia]] [[sh:Category:Francuska]] [[simple:Category:France]] [[sk:Kategória:Francúzsko]] [[sl:Kategorija:Francija]] [[sr:Категорија:Француска]] [[sv:Kategori:Frankrike]] [[ta:பகுப்பு:பிரான்ஸ்]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:ประเทศฝรั่งเศส]] [[tl:Category:France]] [[tr:Kategori:Fransa]] [[uk:Категорія:Франція]] [[vi:Thể loại:Pháp]] [[wa:Categoreye:France]] [[zh:Category:法国]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Hoat-kok]] [[zh-yue:Category:法國]] 9352 2006-09-15T19:23:40Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[lad:Category:Fransia]], [[ms:Kategori:Perancis]] [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[Category:Eropa]] [[af:Kategorie:Frankryk]] [[an:Categoría:Franzia]] [[ar:تصنيف:فرنسا]] [[ast:Categoría:Francia]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Францыя]] [[bg:Категория:Франция]] [[br:Rummad:Frañs]] [[bs:Kategorija:Francuska]] [[ca:Categoria:França]] [[cs:Kategorie:Francie]] [[csb:Kategòrëjô:Francëjô]] [[cv:Категори:Франци]] [[cy:Categori:Ffrainc]] [[da:Kategori:Frankrig]] [[de:Kategorie:Frankreich]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Γαλλία]] [[en:Category:France]] [[eo:Kategorio:Francio]] [[es:Categoría:Francia]] [[et:Kategooria:Prantsusmaa]] [[eu:Kategoria:Frantzia]] [[fa:رده:فرانسه]] [[fi:Luokka:Ranska]] [[fiu-vro:Category:Prantsusmaa]] [[fr:Catégorie:France]] [[frp:Category:France]] [[ga:Catagóir:An Fhrainc]] [[gl:Category:Francia]] [[he:קטגוריה:צרפת]] [[hr:Kategorija:Francuska]] [[hu:Kategória:Franciaország]] [[id:Kategori:Perancis]] [[io:Category:Francia]] [[is:Flokkur:Frakkland]] [[it:Categoria:Francia]] [[ja:Category:フランス]] [[ka:კატეგორია:საფრანგეთი]] [[ko:분류:프랑스]] [[kw:Category:Pow Frynk]] [[la:Categoria:Francia]] [[lad:Category:Fransia]] [[lb:Category:Frankräich]] [[li:Kategorie:Frankriek]] [[lt:Kategorija:Prancūzija]] [[lv:Kategorija:Francija]] [[ms:Kategori:Perancis]] [[na:Category:France]] [[nds:Kategorie:Frankriek]] [[nds-nl:Categorie:Frankriek]] [[nl:Categorie:Frankrijk]] [[nn:Kategori:Frankrike]] [[no:Kategori:Frankrike]] [[oc:Categoria:França]] [[os:Категори:Франц]] [[pl:Kategoria:Francja]] [[pms:Categorìa:Fransa]] [[pt:Categoria:França]] [[ro:Categorie:Franţa]] [[ru:Категория:Франция]] [[scn:Category:Francia]] [[sh:Category:Francuska]] [[simple:Category:France]] [[sk:Kategória:Francúzsko]] [[sl:Kategorija:Francija]] [[sr:Категорија:Француска]] [[sv:Kategori:Frankrike]] [[ta:பகுப்பு:பிரான்ஸ்]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:ประเทศฝรั่งเศส]] [[tl:Category:France]] [[tr:Kategori:Fransa]] [[uk:Категорія:Франція]] [[vi:Thể loại:Pháp]] [[wa:Categoreye:France]] [[zh:Category:法国]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Hoat-kok]] [[zh-yue:Category:法國]] 9436 2006-10-09T01:23:54Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[az:Kateqoriya:Fransa]], [[fo:Bólkur:Frakland]] [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[Category:Eropa]] [[af:Kategorie:Frankryk]] [[an:Categoría:Franzia]] [[ar:تصنيف:فرنسا]] [[ast:Categoría:Francia]] [[az:Kateqoriya:Fransa]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Францыя]] [[bg:Категория:Франция]] [[br:Rummad:Frañs]] [[bs:Kategorija:Francuska]] [[ca:Categoria:França]] [[cs:Kategorie:Francie]] [[csb:Kategòrëjô:Francëjô]] [[cv:Категори:Франци]] [[cy:Categori:Ffrainc]] [[da:Kategori:Frankrig]] [[de:Kategorie:Frankreich]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Γαλλία]] [[en:Category:France]] [[eo:Kategorio:Francio]] [[es:Categoría:Francia]] [[et:Kategooria:Prantsusmaa]] [[eu:Kategoria:Frantzia]] [[fa:رده:فرانسه]] [[fi:Luokka:Ranska]] [[fiu-vro:Category:Prantsusmaa]] [[fo:Bólkur:Frakland]] [[fr:Catégorie:France]] [[frp:Category:France]] [[ga:Catagóir:An Fhrainc]] [[gl:Category:Francia]] [[he:קטגוריה:צרפת]] [[hr:Kategorija:Francuska]] [[hu:Kategória:Franciaország]] [[id:Kategori:Perancis]] [[io:Category:Francia]] [[is:Flokkur:Frakkland]] [[it:Categoria:Francia]] [[ja:Category:フランス]] [[ka:კატეგორია:საფრანგეთი]] [[ko:분류:프랑스]] [[kw:Category:Pow Frynk]] [[la:Categoria:Francia]] [[lad:Category:Fransia]] [[lb:Category:Frankräich]] [[li:Kategorie:Frankriek]] [[lt:Kategorija:Prancūzija]] [[lv:Kategorija:Francija]] [[ms:Kategori:Perancis]] [[na:Category:France]] [[nds:Kategorie:Frankriek]] [[nds-nl:Categorie:Frankriek]] [[nl:Categorie:Frankrijk]] [[nn:Kategori:Frankrike]] [[no:Kategori:Frankrike]] [[oc:Categoria:França]] [[os:Категори:Франц]] [[pl:Kategoria:Francja]] [[pms:Categorìa:Fransa]] [[pt:Categoria:França]] [[ro:Categorie:Franţa]] [[ru:Категория:Франция]] [[scn:Category:Francia]] [[sh:Category:Francuska]] [[simple:Category:France]] [[sk:Kategória:Francúzsko]] [[sl:Kategorija:Francija]] [[sr:Категорија:Француска]] [[sv:Kategori:Frankrike]] [[ta:பகுப்பு:பிரான்ஸ்]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:ประเทศฝรั่งเศส]] [[tl:Category:France]] [[tr:Kategori:Fransa]] [[uk:Категорія:Франція]] [[vi:Thể loại:Pháp]] [[wa:Categoreye:France]] [[zh:Category:法国]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Hoat-kok]] [[zh-yue:Category:法國]] 9638 2006-10-28T02:43:31Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[se:Category:Frankriika]], [[sw:Category:Ufaransa]] [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[Category:Eropa]] [[af:Kategorie:Frankryk]] [[an:Categoría:Franzia]] [[ar:تصنيف:فرنسا]] [[ast:Categoría:Francia]] [[az:Kateqoriya:Fransa]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Францыя]] [[bg:Категория:Франция]] [[br:Rummad:Frañs]] [[bs:Kategorija:Francuska]] [[ca:Categoria:França]] [[cs:Kategorie:Francie]] [[csb:Kategòrëjô:Francëjô]] [[cv:Категори:Франци]] [[cy:Categori:Ffrainc]] [[da:Kategori:Frankrig]] [[de:Kategorie:Frankreich]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Γαλλία]] [[en:Category:France]] [[eo:Kategorio:Francio]] [[es:Categoría:Francia]] [[et:Kategooria:Prantsusmaa]] [[eu:Kategoria:Frantzia]] [[fa:رده:فرانسه]] [[fi:Luokka:Ranska]] [[fiu-vro:Category:Prantsusmaa]] [[fo:Bólkur:Frakland]] [[fr:Catégorie:France]] [[frp:Category:France]] [[ga:Catagóir:An Fhrainc]] [[gl:Category:Francia]] [[he:קטגוריה:צרפת]] [[hr:Kategorija:Francuska]] [[hu:Kategória:Franciaország]] [[id:Kategori:Perancis]] [[io:Category:Francia]] [[is:Flokkur:Frakkland]] [[it:Categoria:Francia]] [[ja:Category:フランス]] [[ka:კატეგორია:საფრანგეთი]] [[ko:분류:프랑스]] [[kw:Category:Pow Frynk]] [[la:Categoria:Francia]] [[lad:Category:Fransia]] [[lb:Category:Frankräich]] [[li:Kategorie:Frankriek]] [[lt:Kategorija:Prancūzija]] [[lv:Kategorija:Francija]] [[ms:Kategori:Perancis]] [[na:Category:France]] [[nds:Kategorie:Frankriek]] [[nds-nl:Categorie:Frankriek]] [[nl:Categorie:Frankrijk]] [[nn:Kategori:Frankrike]] [[no:Kategori:Frankrike]] [[oc:Categoria:França]] [[os:Категори:Франц]] [[pl:Kategoria:Francja]] [[pms:Categorìa:Fransa]] [[pt:Categoria:França]] [[ro:Categorie:Franţa]] [[ru:Категория:Франция]] [[scn:Category:Francia]] [[se:Category:Frankriika]] [[sh:Category:Francuska]] [[simple:Category:France]] [[sk:Kategória:Francúzsko]] [[sl:Kategorija:Francija]] [[sr:Категорија:Француска]] [[sv:Kategori:Frankrike]] [[sw:Category:Ufaransa]] [[ta:பகுப்பு:பிரான்ஸ்]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:ประเทศฝรั่งเศส]] [[tl:Category:France]] [[tr:Kategori:Fransa]] [[uk:Категорія:Франція]] [[vi:Thể loại:Pháp]] [[wa:Categoreye:France]] [[zh:Category:法国]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Hoat-kok]] [[zh-yue:Category:法國]] 9820 2006-11-21T19:45:24Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[bar:Kategorie:Frankreich]], [[ia:Categoria:Francia]], [[lij:Category:Fransa]] [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[Category:Eropa]] [[af:Kategorie:Frankryk]] [[an:Categoría:Franzia]] [[ar:تصنيف:فرنسا]] [[ast:Categoría:Francia]] [[az:Kateqoriya:Fransa]] [[bar:Kategorie:Frankreich]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Францыя]] [[bg:Категория:Франция]] [[br:Rummad:Frañs]] [[bs:Kategorija:Francuska]] [[ca:Categoria:França]] [[cs:Kategorie:Francie]] [[csb:Kategòrëjô:Francëjô]] [[cv:Категори:Франци]] [[cy:Categori:Ffrainc]] [[da:Kategori:Frankrig]] [[de:Kategorie:Frankreich]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Γαλλία]] [[en:Category:France]] [[eo:Kategorio:Francio]] [[es:Categoría:Francia]] [[et:Kategooria:Prantsusmaa]] [[eu:Kategoria:Frantzia]] [[fa:رده:فرانسه]] [[fi:Luokka:Ranska]] [[fiu-vro:Category:Prantsusmaa]] [[fo:Bólkur:Frakland]] [[fr:Catégorie:France]] [[frp:Category:France]] [[ga:Catagóir:An Fhrainc]] [[gl:Category:Francia]] [[he:קטגוריה:צרפת]] [[hr:Kategorija:Francuska]] [[hu:Kategória:Franciaország]] [[ia:Categoria:Francia]] [[id:Kategori:Perancis]] [[io:Category:Francia]] [[is:Flokkur:Frakkland]] [[it:Categoria:Francia]] [[ja:Category:フランス]] [[ka:კატეგორია:საფრანგეთი]] [[ko:분류:프랑스]] [[kw:Category:Pow Frynk]] [[la:Categoria:Francia]] [[lad:Category:Fransia]] [[lb:Category:Frankräich]] [[li:Kategorie:Frankriek]] [[lij:Category:Fransa]] [[lt:Kategorija:Prancūzija]] [[lv:Kategorija:Francija]] [[ms:Kategori:Perancis]] [[na:Category:France]] [[nds:Kategorie:Frankriek]] [[nds-nl:Categorie:Frankriek]] [[nl:Categorie:Frankrijk]] [[nn:Kategori:Frankrike]] [[no:Kategori:Frankrike]] [[oc:Categoria:França]] [[os:Категори:Франц]] [[pl:Kategoria:Francja]] [[pms:Categorìa:Fransa]] [[pt:Categoria:França]] [[ro:Categorie:Franţa]] [[ru:Категория:Франция]] [[scn:Category:Francia]] [[se:Category:Frankriika]] [[sh:Category:Francuska]] [[simple:Category:France]] [[sk:Kategória:Francúzsko]] [[sl:Kategorija:Francija]] [[sr:Категорија:Француска]] [[sv:Kategori:Frankrike]] [[sw:Category:Ufaransa]] [[ta:பகுப்பு:பிரான்ஸ்]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:ประเทศฝรั่งเศส]] [[tl:Category:France]] [[tr:Kategori:Fransa]] [[uk:Категорія:Франція]] [[vi:Thể loại:Pháp]] [[wa:Categoreye:France]] [[zh:Category:法国]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Hoat-kok]] [[zh-yue:Category:法國]] 9925 2006-12-05T05:46:58Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[bn:Category:ফ্রান্স]] [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[Category:Eropa]] [[af:Kategorie:Frankryk]] [[an:Categoría:Franzia]] [[ar:تصنيف:فرنسا]] [[ast:Categoría:Francia]] [[az:Kateqoriya:Fransa]] [[bar:Kategorie:Frankreich]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Францыя]] [[bg:Категория:Франция]] [[bn:Category:ফ্রান্স]] [[br:Rummad:Frañs]] [[bs:Kategorija:Francuska]] [[ca:Categoria:França]] [[cs:Kategorie:Francie]] [[csb:Kategòrëjô:Francëjô]] [[cv:Категори:Франци]] [[cy:Categori:Ffrainc]] [[da:Kategori:Frankrig]] [[de:Kategorie:Frankreich]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Γαλλία]] [[en:Category:France]] [[eo:Kategorio:Francio]] [[es:Categoría:Francia]] [[et:Kategooria:Prantsusmaa]] [[eu:Kategoria:Frantzia]] [[fa:رده:فرانسه]] [[fi:Luokka:Ranska]] [[fiu-vro:Category:Prantsusmaa]] [[fo:Bólkur:Frakland]] [[fr:Catégorie:France]] [[frp:Category:France]] [[ga:Catagóir:An Fhrainc]] [[gl:Category:Francia]] [[he:קטגוריה:צרפת]] [[hr:Kategorija:Francuska]] [[hu:Kategória:Franciaország]] [[ia:Categoria:Francia]] [[id:Kategori:Perancis]] [[io:Category:Francia]] [[is:Flokkur:Frakkland]] [[it:Categoria:Francia]] [[ja:Category:フランス]] [[ka:კატეგორია:საფრანგეთი]] [[ko:분류:프랑스]] [[kw:Category:Pow Frynk]] [[la:Categoria:Francia]] [[lad:Category:Fransia]] [[lb:Category:Frankräich]] [[li:Kategorie:Frankriek]] [[lij:Category:Fransa]] [[lt:Kategorija:Prancūzija]] [[lv:Kategorija:Francija]] [[ms:Kategori:Perancis]] [[na:Category:France]] [[nds:Kategorie:Frankriek]] [[nds-nl:Categorie:Frankriek]] [[nl:Categorie:Frankrijk]] [[nn:Kategori:Frankrike]] [[no:Kategori:Frankrike]] [[oc:Categoria:França]] [[os:Категори:Франц]] [[pl:Kategoria:Francja]] [[pms:Categorìa:Fransa]] [[pt:Categoria:França]] [[ro:Categorie:Franţa]] [[ru:Категория:Франция]] [[scn:Category:Francia]] [[se:Category:Frankriika]] [[sh:Category:Francuska]] [[simple:Category:France]] [[sk:Kategória:Francúzsko]] [[sl:Kategorija:Francija]] [[sr:Категорија:Француска]] [[sv:Kategori:Frankrike]] [[sw:Category:Ufaransa]] [[ta:பகுப்பு:பிரான்ஸ்]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:ประเทศฝรั่งเศส]] [[tl:Category:France]] [[tr:Kategori:Fransa]] [[uk:Категорія:Франція]] [[vi:Thể loại:Pháp]] [[wa:Categoreye:France]] [[zh:Category:法国]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Hoat-kok]] [[zh-yue:Category:法國]] 9937 2006-12-10T03:56:26Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[ksh:Saachjropp:Frankrish]] [[Category:Esé]] [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[Category:Eropa]] [[af:Kategorie:Frankryk]] [[an:Categoría:Franzia]] [[ar:تصنيف:فرنسا]] [[ast:Categoría:Francia]] [[az:Kateqoriya:Fransa]] [[bar:Kategorie:Frankreich]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Францыя]] [[bg:Категория:Франция]] [[bn:Category:ফ্রান্স]] [[br:Rummad:Frañs]] [[bs:Kategorija:Francuska]] [[ca:Categoria:França]] [[cs:Kategorie:Francie]] [[csb:Kategòrëjô:Francëjô]] [[cv:Категори:Франци]] [[cy:Categori:Ffrainc]] [[da:Kategori:Frankrig]] [[de:Kategorie:Frankreich]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Γαλλία]] [[en:Category:France]] [[eo:Kategorio:Francio]] [[es:Categoría:Francia]] [[et:Kategooria:Prantsusmaa]] [[eu:Kategoria:Frantzia]] [[fa:رده:فرانسه]] [[fi:Luokka:Ranska]] [[fiu-vro:Category:Prantsusmaa]] [[fo:Bólkur:Frakland]] [[fr:Catégorie:France]] [[frp:Category:France]] [[ga:Catagóir:An Fhrainc]] [[gl:Category:Francia]] [[he:קטגוריה:צרפת]] [[hr:Kategorija:Francuska]] [[hu:Kategória:Franciaország]] [[ia:Categoria:Francia]] [[id:Kategori:Perancis]] [[io:Category:Francia]] [[is:Flokkur:Frakkland]] [[it:Categoria:Francia]] [[ja:Category:フランス]] [[ka:კატეგორია:საფრანგეთი]] [[ko:분류:프랑스]] [[ksh:Saachjropp:Frankrish]] [[kw:Category:Pow Frynk]] [[la:Categoria:Francia]] [[lad:Category:Fransia]] [[lb:Category:Frankräich]] [[li:Kategorie:Frankriek]] [[lij:Category:Fransa]] [[lt:Kategorija:Prancūzija]] [[lv:Kategorija:Francija]] [[ms:Kategori:Perancis]] [[na:Category:France]] [[nds:Kategorie:Frankriek]] [[nds-nl:Categorie:Frankriek]] [[nl:Categorie:Frankrijk]] [[nn:Kategori:Frankrike]] [[no:Kategori:Frankrike]] [[oc:Categoria:França]] [[os:Категори:Франц]] [[pl:Kategoria:Francja]] [[pms:Categorìa:Fransa]] [[pt:Categoria:França]] [[ro:Categorie:Franţa]] [[ru:Категория:Франция]] [[scn:Category:Francia]] [[se:Category:Frankriika]] [[sh:Category:Francuska]] [[simple:Category:France]] [[sk:Kategória:Francúzsko]] [[sl:Kategorija:Francija]] [[sr:Категорија:Француска]] [[sv:Kategori:Frankrike]] [[sw:Category:Ufaransa]] [[ta:பகுப்பு:பிரான்ஸ்]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:ประเทศฝรั่งเศส]] [[tl:Category:France]] [[tr:Kategori:Fransa]] [[uk:Категорія:Франція]] [[vi:Thể loại:Pháp]] [[wa:Categoreye:France]] [[zh:Category:法国]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Hoat-kok]] [[zh-yue:Category:法國]] Wikipedia talk:Bísó na bísó/Nkómbó 2305 8381 2006-06-12T18:23:45Z Bombo 12 Une proposition: *1. nous écrivons la vérsion la plus courrante, mais sans initales. [Georges Walker Bush et non Georges W. Bush] *2. 2. nous écrivons prénom nom postnom (prénom = pré=devant nom; postnom = post=derrière nom) *3. Il faut faire des renvois si nécessaire. [Karol Woytila > Jean-Paul II] *4. Si le titre de l'article ne contient pas le nom complèt, il faut le nommer au début de l'article [Jimmy Carter (James Earl Carter), était président… Jean-Paul II (né Karol Woytila)…] *4. Eviter des nom en MAJUSCULES. Selon la typographie c'est faux. *5. Dans les bibliothèques, on "tourne" les noms de famille en vedette [Jacques Chirac > Chirac, Jacques] Ce système base sur les noms anglo-américains et ne respect pas les cultures qui n'ont que des prénoms, des noms d'origine, des postnoms, des noms de père ou de mère, etc. Donc les règles (Vérsion courte comprennent 41 pages. C'est trop compliquée. Je plaide pour la simplicité. (Qui se base sur les sciences quand même: Suivant les AACR et les KIDS/IDS; voir annexe) ===Le nom le plus connu=== 22. On prend en général le nom sous lequel une personne est habituellement connue. Il peut s’agir de son véritable nom, d’un pseudonyme, d’un titre de noblesse, d’un surnom ou de toute autre appellation. *Caedmon *William Shakespeare *Jimmy Carter (et non James Earl Carter; redirect vers Jimmy Catrter) *Anatole France (et non Jacques–Anatole Thibault; redirect vers Anatole France) *Fra Angelico (et non Giovanni da Fiesole redirect vers Frau Angelico) *Guido da Siena ===noblesse=== Une numérotation en chiffres romains accompagnant un prénom (par ex. pour les papes et autres dignitaires religieux ou pour les membres de familles royales) fait partie intégrante du nom de la personne. *Clovis (roi des Francs) * Elizabeth II (reine d'Angleterre) * Jean Paul II (pape) * Maximos V (patriarche) *Robert III (duc de Sssss) ===22.2. Choix entre plusieurs noms=== ====22.2A. Nom le plus courant==== Si une personne est connue sous plusieurs noms (à l’exception des pseudonymes, voir à ce sujet 22.2B), on choisit le nom le plus connu. Les autres noms sont saisiś sous forme de renvois. Renvois Article William Henry Gates > Bill Gates Cassius Clay > Muhammad Ali ====22.2B. Pseudonymes ==== Si une personne a publié tous ses ouvrages sous un seul pseudonyme, le pseudonyme est pris comme vedette. Le véritable nom de la personne est saisi sous forme de renvoi. Article Renvoi Yukio Mishima < Kimiitake Hiraoka Woody Allen < Allen Stewart Konigsberg George Orwell < Eric Arthur Blair ====22.3A. Formes plus ou moins complètes==== Si un nom se présente sous des formes plus ou moins complètes, à savoir si des parties d’un nom (prénom et/ou nom de famille) sont tantôt présentes, tantôt omises, on prend comme vedette la forme la plus courante. Les autres formes sont saisies dans le fichier d’autorité comme renvois. A Robert Redford (Forme du nom la plus courante '''= titre de l'article''') R Charles Robert Redford (Forme complète du nom; '''répété au début de l'article''') A Juan Valera (Forme du nom la plus courante '''= titre de l'article''') R Juan Valera y Alcalá Galiano (Forme occasionnelle du nom; '''répété au début de l'article''') A = article, R = renvoi Si l’on ne parvient pas à déterminer quelle forme du nom est la plus courante, on prend la forme la plus récente. En cas de doute dans la détermination de la forme la plus récente, on retient la forme la plus complète. ===le monde des noms et compliqué=== *'''Chinois''' Chiang Kai-shek (Nom de famille: Chiang) *'''Hongrois''' Molnár Ferenc (Nom de famille: Molnár) *'''Vietnamien''' Trinh Vân Than (Nom de famille: Trinh) *'''Anglais''' Mary Cassatt (Nom de famille Cassatt) *'''Allemand''' Peter Muster (Nom de famille Muster) *'''Français''' Jacques Chirac (Nom de famille Chirac) *'''Islandais''' Svava Jakobsdóttir (Prénom: Svava; Patronyme: Jakobsdóttir) *'''Islandais''' Halldór Laxness (Prénom: Halldór; Nom de famille: Laxness) *'''Islandais''' Bjarni Benediktsson frá Hofteigi (Prénom: Bjarni; Patronyme: Benediktsson; Indication de lieu: frá Hofteigi) *'''Islandais''' Jóhannes úr Kötlum (Prénom: Jóhannes; Indication de lieu: úr Kötlum) *Sarah Bernhardt *Ella Fitzgerald *Francis K.W. Ching Retrouvez le nom de famille: *Jan Hus *Husayn ‘Al Mahfûz *‘Abd al-Rahm n al-B sh *Muhammad Ali *Malcolm X *Muhammad Kurd ‘Al *Francçois de Salignac de La Mothe-Fénelon *David Lloyd George *Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis *Leonardo da Vinci --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 18:23, 12 yuni 2006 (UTC) User:Samyra008 2306 8385 2006-06-12T22:06:00Z Samyra008 71 présentation [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utilisateur:Samyra008 Ma page principale sur Wikipedia en français] Leki na ngai azali koyekola lingala, nazali kolekoya mpe lingala mwa moke moke (ln-0,5). <small> Je retiens quelques mots à l'oral mais je ne connais pas les accents, désolée.</small> J'ai créé ce compte pour faire quelques ajouts comme les liens interwiki. {{babel-3|fr|en-2|ln-1}} Talk:Tuberculose 2307 8386 2006-06-12T22:18:54Z 84.138.124.248 ɛ̌Ɛ̌Ɛ̂îÚ 8387 2006-06-12T22:19:21Z 84.138.124.248 User talk:Samyra008 2308 8390 2006-06-13T09:31:34Z Bombo 12 Mbɔ́tɛ Samyra008 Mbɔ́tɛ Samyra008, bienvenu! Un grand nombre des articles ne respect pas (encore) ni les règles d'orthographe, ni les accents. Il y a un groupe qui est en train de traduire OpenOffice en Lingála [http://groups.google.com/group/info-langues-congo] et si j'ais bien compris, il y aura aussi un correcteur orthographique. Notre ami [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] y fait parti. Merci pour tes contributions quoi que ce soit. (moi, je vérifie avec le dictionnaire de Dzokanga de la bibliothèque municipale) --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 09:31, 13 yuni 2006 (UTC) Template:Smcp 2309 8393 2006-06-13T23:31:47Z Moyogo 11 <span class="smcp">{{{1}}}</span> Joseph Kabila Kabenge 2310 8402 2006-06-13T23:59:28Z Moyogo 11 Redirecting to [[Joseph Kabila]] #REDIRECT [[Joseph Kabila]] Fidel Castro 2311 8404 2006-06-14T11:01:11Z Moyogo 11 '''Fidel Alejandreo {{smcp|Castro Rúz}}''', abotí o [[mokɔlɔ 13 ya sánzá ya mwambe]] o [[mobú 1926]], ezalí Tatá-Mokonzi ya [[Cuba]]. {{ndámbo}} [[af:Fidel Castro]] [[ar:فيدل كاسترو]] [[be:Фідэль Кастра]] [[bs:Fidel Castro]] [[bg:Фидел Кастро]] [[ca:Fidel Castro Ruz]] [[cs:Fidel Castro]] [[da:Fidel Castro]] [[de:Fidel Castro]] [[et:Fidel Castro]] [[en:Fidel Castro]] [[es:Fidel Castro]] [[eo:Fidel Castro]] [[eu:Fidel Castro]] [[fa:فیدل کاسترو]] [[fr:Fidel Castro]] [[gl:Fidel Castro]] [[hr:Fidel Castro]] [[io:Fidel Castro]] [[id:Fidel Castro]] [[it:Fidel Castro]] [[he:פידל קסטרו]] [[ka:კასტრო, ფიდელ]] [[la:Fidel Castro]] [[lv:Fidels Kastro Russ]] [[lt:Fidelis Kastro]] [[mk:Фидел Кастро]] [[nl:Fidel Castro]] [[ja:フィデル・カストロ]] [[no:Fidel Castro]] [[pl:Fidel Castro]] [[pt:Fidel Castro]] [[ro:Fidel Castro]] [[ru:Кастро Рус, Фидель Алехандро]] [[simple:Fidel Castro]] [[sk:Fidel Castro]] [[sr:Фидел Кастро]] [[sh:Fidel Castro]] [[fi:Fidel Castro]] [[sv:Fidel Castro]] [[tl:Fidel Castro]] [[th:ฟิเดล คาสโตร]] [[vi:Fidel Castro]] [[tr:Fidel Castro]] [[zh:菲德尔·卡斯特罗]] 8405 2006-06-14T11:02:07Z Moyogo 11 '''Fidel Alejandro {{smcp|Castro Rúz}}''', abotí o [[mokɔlɔ 13 ya sánzá ya mwambe]] o [[mobú 1926]], ezalí Tatá-Mokonzi ya [[Cuba]]. {{ndámbo}} [[af:Fidel Castro]] [[ar:فيدل كاسترو]] [[be:Фідэль Кастра]] [[bs:Fidel Castro]] [[bg:Фидел Кастро]] [[ca:Fidel Castro Ruz]] [[cs:Fidel Castro]] [[da:Fidel Castro]] [[de:Fidel Castro]] [[et:Fidel Castro]] [[en:Fidel Castro]] [[es:Fidel Castro]] [[eo:Fidel Castro]] [[eu:Fidel Castro]] [[fa:فیدل کاسترو]] [[fr:Fidel Castro]] [[gl:Fidel Castro]] [[hr:Fidel Castro]] [[io:Fidel Castro]] [[id:Fidel Castro]] [[it:Fidel Castro]] [[he:פידל קסטרו]] [[ka:კასტრო, ფიდელ]] [[la:Fidel Castro]] [[lv:Fidels Kastro Russ]] [[lt:Fidelis Kastro]] [[mk:Фидел Кастро]] [[nl:Fidel Castro]] [[ja:フィデル・カストロ]] [[no:Fidel Castro]] [[pl:Fidel Castro]] [[pt:Fidel Castro]] [[ro:Fidel Castro]] [[ru:Кастро Рус, Фидель Алехандро]] [[simple:Fidel Castro]] [[sk:Fidel Castro]] [[sr:Фидел Кастро]] [[sh:Fidel Castro]] [[fi:Fidel Castro]] [[sv:Fidel Castro]] [[tl:Fidel Castro]] [[th:ฟิเดล คาสโตร]] [[vi:Fidel Castro]] [[tr:Fidel Castro]] [[zh:菲德尔·卡斯特罗]] 8406 2006-06-14T11:08:56Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:Fidel_Castro5_cropped.JPG|right|thumb|Fidel Castro, Tatá-Mokonzi ya Cuba]] '''Fidel Alejandro {{smcp|Castro Rúz}}''', abotí o [[mokɔlɔ 13 ya sánzá ya mwambe]] o [[mobú 1926]], ezalí Tatá-Mokonzi ya [[Cuba]]. {{ndámbo}} [[af:Fidel Castro]] [[ar:فيدل كاسترو]] [[be:Фідэль Кастра]] [[bs:Fidel Castro]] [[bg:Фидел Кастро]] [[ca:Fidel Castro Ruz]] [[cs:Fidel Castro]] [[da:Fidel Castro]] [[de:Fidel Castro]] [[et:Fidel Castro]] [[en:Fidel Castro]] [[es:Fidel Castro]] [[eo:Fidel Castro]] [[eu:Fidel Castro]] [[fa:فیدل کاسترو]] [[fr:Fidel Castro]] [[gl:Fidel Castro]] [[hr:Fidel Castro]] [[io:Fidel Castro]] [[id:Fidel Castro]] [[it:Fidel Castro]] [[he:פידל קסטרו]] [[ka:კასტრო, ფიდელ]] [[la:Fidel Castro]] [[lv:Fidels Kastro Russ]] [[lt:Fidelis Kastro]] [[mk:Фидел Кастро]] [[nl:Fidel Castro]] [[ja:フィデル・カストロ]] [[no:Fidel Castro]] [[pl:Fidel Castro]] [[pt:Fidel Castro]] [[ro:Fidel Castro]] [[ru:Кастро Рус, Фидель Алехандро]] [[simple:Fidel Castro]] [[sk:Fidel Castro]] [[sr:Фидел Кастро]] [[sh:Fidel Castro]] [[fi:Fidel Castro]] [[sv:Fidel Castro]] [[tl:Fidel Castro]] [[th:ฟิเดล คาสโตร]] [[vi:Fidel Castro]] [[tr:Fidel Castro]] [[zh:菲德尔·卡斯特罗]] 8407 2006-06-14T11:10:38Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:Fidel_Castro5_cropped.JPG|right|thumb|Fidel Castro, Tatá-Mokonzi ya Cuba]] '''Fidel Alejandro {{smcp|Castro Rúz}}''', abótámi o [[mokɔlɔ 13 ya sánzá ya mwambe]] o [[mobú 1926]], ezalí Tatá-Mokonzi ya [[Cuba]]. {{ndámbo}} [[af:Fidel Castro]] [[ar:فيدل كاسترو]] [[be:Фідэль Кастра]] [[bs:Fidel Castro]] [[bg:Фидел Кастро]] [[ca:Fidel Castro Ruz]] [[cs:Fidel Castro]] [[da:Fidel Castro]] [[de:Fidel Castro]] [[et:Fidel Castro]] [[en:Fidel Castro]] [[es:Fidel Castro]] [[eo:Fidel Castro]] [[eu:Fidel Castro]] [[fa:فیدل کاسترو]] [[fr:Fidel Castro]] [[gl:Fidel Castro]] [[hr:Fidel Castro]] [[io:Fidel Castro]] [[id:Fidel Castro]] [[it:Fidel Castro]] [[he:פידל קסטרו]] [[ka:კასტრო, ფიდელ]] [[la:Fidel Castro]] [[lv:Fidels Kastro Russ]] [[lt:Fidelis Kastro]] [[mk:Фидел Кастро]] [[nl:Fidel Castro]] [[ja:フィデル・カストロ]] [[no:Fidel Castro]] [[pl:Fidel Castro]] [[pt:Fidel Castro]] [[ro:Fidel Castro]] [[ru:Кастро Рус, Фидель Алехандро]] [[simple:Fidel Castro]] [[sk:Fidel Castro]] [[sr:Фидел Кастро]] [[sh:Fidel Castro]] [[fi:Fidel Castro]] [[sv:Fidel Castro]] [[tl:Fidel Castro]] [[th:ฟิเดล คาสโตร]] [[vi:Fidel Castro]] [[tr:Fidel Castro]] [[zh:菲德尔·卡斯特罗]] 8413 2006-06-14T11:24:08Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:Fidel_Castro5_cropped.JPG|right|thumb|Fidel Castro, Tatá-Mokonzi ya Cuba]] '''Fidel Alejandro {{smcp|Castro Rúz}}''', abótámi o [[mokɔlɔ 13 ya sánzá ya mwambe]] o [[mobú 1926]], azalí [[Tatá-Mokonzi]] ya [[Cuba]]. {{ndámbo}} [[af:Fidel Castro]] [[ar:فيدل كاسترو]] [[be:Фідэль Кастра]] [[bs:Fidel Castro]] [[bg:Фидел Кастро]] [[ca:Fidel Castro Ruz]] [[cs:Fidel Castro]] [[da:Fidel Castro]] [[de:Fidel Castro]] [[et:Fidel Castro]] [[en:Fidel Castro]] [[es:Fidel Castro]] [[eo:Fidel Castro]] [[eu:Fidel Castro]] [[fa:فیدل کاسترو]] [[fr:Fidel Castro]] [[gl:Fidel Castro]] [[hr:Fidel Castro]] [[io:Fidel Castro]] [[id:Fidel Castro]] [[it:Fidel Castro]] [[he:פידל קסטרו]] [[ka:კასტრო, ფიდელ]] [[la:Fidel Castro]] [[lv:Fidels Kastro Russ]] [[lt:Fidelis Kastro]] [[mk:Фидел Кастро]] [[nl:Fidel Castro]] [[ja:フィデル・カストロ]] [[no:Fidel Castro]] [[pl:Fidel Castro]] [[pt:Fidel Castro]] [[ro:Fidel Castro]] [[ru:Кастро Рус, Фидель Алехандро]] [[simple:Fidel Castro]] [[sk:Fidel Castro]] [[sr:Фидел Кастро]] [[sh:Fidel Castro]] [[fi:Fidel Castro]] [[sv:Fidel Castro]] [[tl:Fidel Castro]] [[th:ฟิเดล คาสโตร]] [[vi:Fidel Castro]] [[tr:Fidel Castro]] [[zh:菲德尔·卡斯特罗]] 9033 2006-08-02T06:05:30Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: bn, ga, hu, is, ku, ms, nn, scn, sl [[Image:Fidel_Castro5_cropped.JPG|right|thumb|Fidel Castro, Tatá-Mokonzi ya Cuba]] '''Fidel Alejandro {{smcp|Castro Rúz}}''', abótámi o [[mokɔlɔ 13 ya sánzá ya mwambe]] o [[mobú 1926]], azalí [[Tatá-Mokonzi]] ya [[Cuba]]. {{ndámbo}} [[af:Fidel Castro]] [[ar:فيدل كاسترو]] [[be:Фідэль Кастра]] [[bg:Фидел Кастро]] [[bn:ফিদেল কাস্ত্রো]] [[bs:Fidel Castro]] [[ca:Fidel Castro Ruz]] [[cs:Fidel Castro]] [[da:Fidel Castro]] [[de:Fidel Castro]] [[en:Fidel Castro]] [[eo:Fidel Castro]] [[es:Fidel Castro]] [[et:Fidel Castro]] [[eu:Fidel Castro]] [[fa:فیدل کاسترو]] [[fi:Fidel Castro]] [[fr:Fidel Castro]] [[ga:Fidel Castro]] [[gl:Fidel Castro]] [[he:פידל קסטרו]] [[hr:Fidel Castro]] [[hu:Fidel Castro]] [[id:Fidel Castro]] [[io:Fidel Castro]] [[is:Fidel Castro]] [[it:Fidel Castro]] [[ja:フィデル・カストロ]] [[ka:კასტრო, ფიდელ]] [[ku:Fidel Castro]] [[la:Fidel Castro]] [[lt:Fidelis Kastro]] [[lv:Fidels Kastro Russ]] [[mk:Фидел Кастро]] [[ms:Fidel Castro]] [[nl:Fidel Castro]] [[nn:Fidel Castro]] [[no:Fidel Castro]] [[pl:Fidel Castro]] [[pt:Fidel Castro]] [[ro:Fidel Castro]] [[ru:Кастро Рус, Фидель Алехандро]] [[scn:Fidel Castru]] [[sh:Fidel Castro]] [[simple:Fidel Castro]] [[sk:Fidel Castro]] [[sl:Fidel Castro]] [[sr:Фидел Кастро]] [[sv:Fidel Castro]] [[th:ฟิเดล คาสโตร]] [[tl:Fidel Castro]] [[tr:Fidel Castro]] [[vi:Fidel Castro]] [[zh:菲德尔·卡斯特罗]] 9150 2006-08-23T13:50:10Z 87.240.15.6 [[Image:Fidel_Castro5_cropped.JPG|right|thumb|Fidel Castro, Tatá-Mokonzi ya Cuba]] '''Fidel Alejandro {{smcp|Castro Rúz}}''', abótámi o [[mokɔlɔ 13 ya sánzá ya mwambe]] o [[mobú 1926]], azalí [[Tatá-Mokonzi]] ya [[Cuba]]. == WebLinks == * [http://www.sovetika.ru Sovetika.ru - site about Soviet era] {{ndámbo}} [[af:Fidel Castro]] [[ar:فيدل كاسترو]] [[be:Фідэль Кастра]] [[bg:Фидел Кастро]] [[bn:ফিদেল কাস্ত্রো]] [[bs:Fidel Castro]] [[ca:Fidel Castro Ruz]] [[cs:Fidel Castro]] [[da:Fidel Castro]] [[de:Fidel Castro]] [[en:Fidel Castro]] [[eo:Fidel Castro]] [[es:Fidel Castro]] [[et:Fidel Castro]] [[eu:Fidel Castro]] [[fa:فیدل کاسترو]] [[fi:Fidel Castro]] [[fr:Fidel Castro]] [[ga:Fidel Castro]] [[gl:Fidel Castro]] [[he:פידל קסטרו]] [[hr:Fidel Castro]] [[hu:Fidel Castro]] [[id:Fidel Castro]] [[io:Fidel Castro]] [[is:Fidel Castro]] [[it:Fidel Castro]] [[ja:フィデル・カストロ]] [[ka:კასტრო, ფიდელ]] [[ku:Fidel Castro]] [[la:Fidel Castro]] [[lt:Fidelis Kastro]] [[lv:Fidels Kastro Russ]] [[mk:Фидел Кастро]] [[ms:Fidel Castro]] [[nl:Fidel Castro]] [[nn:Fidel Castro]] [[no:Fidel Castro]] [[pl:Fidel Castro]] [[pt:Fidel Castro]] [[ro:Fidel Castro]] [[ru:Кастро Рус, Фидель Алехандро]] [[scn:Fidel Castru]] [[sh:Fidel Castro]] [[simple:Fidel Castro]] [[sk:Fidel Castro]] [[sl:Fidel Castro]] [[sr:Фидел Кастро]] [[sv:Fidel Castro]] [[th:ฟิเดล คาสโตร]] [[tl:Fidel Castro]] [[tr:Fidel Castro]] [[vi:Fidel Castro]] [[zh:菲德尔·卡斯特罗]] 9183 2006-08-27T20:10:57Z Moyogo 11 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/87.240.15.6|87.240.15.6]] ([[User_talk:87.240.15.6|Talk]]); changed back to last version by [[User:YurikBot|YurikBot]] [[Image:Fidel_Castro5_cropped.JPG|right|thumb|Fidel Castro, Tatá-Mokonzi ya Cuba]] '''Fidel Alejandro {{smcp|Castro Rúz}}''', abótámi o [[mokɔlɔ 13 ya sánzá ya mwambe]] o [[mobú 1926]], azalí [[Tatá-Mokonzi]] ya [[Cuba]]. {{ndámbo}} [[af:Fidel Castro]] [[ar:فيدل كاسترو]] [[be:Фідэль Кастра]] [[bg:Фидел Кастро]] [[bn:ফিদেল কাস্ত্রো]] [[bs:Fidel Castro]] [[ca:Fidel Castro Ruz]] [[cs:Fidel Castro]] [[da:Fidel Castro]] [[de:Fidel Castro]] [[en:Fidel Castro]] [[eo:Fidel Castro]] [[es:Fidel Castro]] [[et:Fidel Castro]] [[eu:Fidel Castro]] [[fa:فیدل کاسترو]] [[fi:Fidel Castro]] [[fr:Fidel Castro]] [[ga:Fidel Castro]] [[gl:Fidel Castro]] [[he:פידל קסטרו]] [[hr:Fidel Castro]] [[hu:Fidel Castro]] [[id:Fidel Castro]] [[io:Fidel Castro]] [[is:Fidel Castro]] [[it:Fidel Castro]] [[ja:フィデル・カストロ]] [[ka:კასტრო, ფიდელ]] [[ku:Fidel Castro]] [[la:Fidel Castro]] [[lt:Fidelis Kastro]] [[lv:Fidels Kastro Russ]] [[mk:Фидел Кастро]] [[ms:Fidel Castro]] [[nl:Fidel Castro]] [[nn:Fidel Castro]] [[no:Fidel Castro]] [[pl:Fidel Castro]] [[pt:Fidel Castro]] [[ro:Fidel Castro]] [[ru:Кастро Рус, Фидель Алехандро]] [[scn:Fidel Castru]] [[sh:Fidel Castro]] [[simple:Fidel Castro]] [[sk:Fidel Castro]] [[sl:Fidel Castro]] [[sr:Фидел Кастро]] [[sv:Fidel Castro]] [[th:ฟิเดล คาสโตร]] [[tl:Fidel Castro]] [[tr:Fidel Castro]] [[vi:Fidel Castro]] [[zh:菲德尔·卡斯特罗]] 9358 2006-09-17T05:21:11Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: br, el, ko, sq, ta, uz, zh-min-nan [[Image:Fidel_Castro5_cropped.JPG|right|thumb|Fidel Castro, Tatá-Mokonzi ya Cuba]] '''Fidel Alejandro {{smcp|Castro Rúz}}''', abótámi o [[mokɔlɔ 13 ya sánzá ya mwambe]] o [[mobú 1926]], azalí [[Tatá-Mokonzi]] ya [[Cuba]]. {{ndámbo}} [[af:Fidel Castro]] [[ar:فيدل كاسترو]] [[be:Фідэль Кастра]] [[bg:Фидел Кастро]] [[bn:ফিদেল কাস্ত্রো]] [[br:Fidel Castro]] [[bs:Fidel Castro]] [[ca:Fidel Castro Ruz]] [[cs:Fidel Castro]] [[da:Fidel Castro]] [[de:Fidel Castro]] [[el:Φιντέλ Κάστρο]] [[en:Fidel Castro]] [[eo:Fidel Castro]] [[es:Fidel Castro]] [[et:Fidel Castro]] [[eu:Fidel Castro]] [[fa:فیدل کاسترو]] [[fi:Fidel Castro]] [[fr:Fidel Castro]] [[ga:Fidel Castro]] [[gl:Fidel Castro]] [[he:פידל קסטרו]] [[hr:Fidel Castro]] [[hu:Fidel Castro]] [[id:Fidel Castro]] [[io:Fidel Castro]] [[is:Fidel Castro]] [[it:Fidel Castro]] [[ja:フィデル・カストロ]] [[ka:კასტრო, ფიდელ]] [[ko:피델 카스트로]] [[ku:Fidel Castro]] [[la:Fidel Castro]] [[lt:Fidelis Kastro]] [[lv:Fidels Kastro Russ]] [[mk:Фидел Кастро]] [[ms:Fidel Castro]] [[nl:Fidel Castro]] [[nn:Fidel Castro]] [[no:Fidel Castro]] [[pl:Fidel Castro]] [[pt:Fidel Castro]] [[ro:Fidel Castro]] [[ru:Кастро Рус, Фидель Алехандро]] [[scn:Fidel Castru]] [[sh:Fidel Castro]] [[simple:Fidel Castro]] [[sk:Fidel Castro]] [[sl:Fidel Castro]] [[sq:Fidel Castro]] [[sr:Фидел Кастро]] [[sv:Fidel Castro]] [[ta:ஃபிடல் காஸ்ட்ரோ]] [[th:ฟิเดล คาสโตร]] [[tl:Fidel Castro]] [[tr:Fidel Castro]] [[uz:Fidel Kastro]] [[vi:Fidel Castro]] [[zh:菲德尔·卡斯特罗]] [[zh-min-nan:Fidel Castro]] 9960 2006-12-12T23:38:33Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[ast:Fidel Castro]], [[li:Fidel Castro]] [[Image:Fidel_Castro5_cropped.JPG|right|thumb|Fidel Castro, Tatá-Mokonzi ya Cuba]] '''Fidel Alejandro {{smcp|Castro Rúz}}''', abótámi o [[mokɔlɔ 13 ya sánzá ya mwambe]] o [[mobú 1926]], azalí [[Tatá-Mokonzi]] ya [[Cuba]]. {{ndámbo}} [[af:Fidel Castro]] [[ar:فيدل كاسترو]] [[ast:Fidel Castro]] [[be:Фідэль Кастра]] [[bg:Фидел Кастро]] [[bn:ফিদেল কাস্ত্রো]] [[br:Fidel Castro]] [[bs:Fidel Castro]] [[ca:Fidel Castro Ruz]] [[cs:Fidel Castro]] [[da:Fidel Castro]] [[de:Fidel Castro]] [[el:Φιντέλ Κάστρο]] [[en:Fidel Castro]] [[eo:Fidel Castro]] [[es:Fidel Castro]] [[et:Fidel Castro]] [[eu:Fidel Castro]] [[fa:فیدل کاسترو]] [[fi:Fidel Castro]] [[fr:Fidel Castro]] [[ga:Fidel Castro]] [[gl:Fidel Castro]] [[he:פידל קסטרו]] [[hr:Fidel Castro]] [[hu:Fidel Castro]] [[id:Fidel Castro]] [[io:Fidel Castro]] [[is:Fidel Castro]] [[it:Fidel Castro]] [[ja:フィデル・カストロ]] [[ka:კასტრო, ფიდელ]] [[ko:피델 카스트로]] [[ku:Fidel Castro]] [[la:Fidel Castro]] [[li:Fidel Castro]] [[lt:Fidelis Kastro]] [[lv:Fidels Kastro Russ]] [[mk:Фидел Кастро]] [[ms:Fidel Castro]] [[nl:Fidel Castro]] [[nn:Fidel Castro]] [[no:Fidel Castro]] [[pl:Fidel Castro]] [[pt:Fidel Castro]] [[ro:Fidel Castro]] [[ru:Кастро Рус, Фидель Алехандро]] [[scn:Fidel Castru]] [[sh:Fidel Castro]] [[simple:Fidel Castro]] [[sk:Fidel Castro]] [[sl:Fidel Castro]] [[sq:Fidel Castro]] [[sr:Фидел Кастро]] [[sv:Fidel Castro]] [[ta:ஃபிடல் காஸ்ட்ரோ]] [[th:ฟิเดล คาสโตร]] [[tl:Fidel Castro]] [[tr:Fidel Castro]] [[uz:Fidel Kastro]] [[vi:Fidel Castro]] [[zh:菲德尔·卡斯特罗]] [[zh-min-nan:Fidel Castro]] George W. Bush 2312 8408 2006-06-14T11:15:09Z Moyogo 11 '''George Walker {{smcp|Bush}}''', abótámi o [[mokɔlɔ 6 ya sánzá ya nsambo]] o [[mobú 1946]], ezalí [[Tatá-Mokonzi]] ya [[Esé ya Ameríka]]. {{ndámbo}} 8409 2006-06-14T11:16:32Z Moyogo 11 Redirecting to [[George Walker Bush]] #REDIRECT [[George Walker Bush]] La Gombe (Kinshasa) 2313 8427 2006-06-15T00:08:55Z Moyogo 11 [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)]] moved to [[Gombe (Kinshasa)]] #REDIRECT [[Gombe (Kinshasa)]] Template:BiteniRKD 2314 8435 2006-06-15T13:07:48Z Bombo 12 <!-- [[Wikipédia:Projet, Charte graphique/Domaine géographique/Couleurs et niveaux administratifs]] --> {| align="right" rules="all" border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; background-color: aliceblue" ! colspan="2" style="background-color: #BBDEFD" | {| style="background: #BBDEFD" align="center" width="100%" | padding=0px| | style="background: #BBDEFD" align="center" width="100%" |<font color=black size=4>'''{{{nom}}}''' | padding=0px| |} |- | valign="top"| [[Bisé ya Mokili|Bisé]] || align=center| [[Image:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg|20px|Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki|Kɔ́ngɔ (RKD)]] |- | valign="top"| [[Engumba Mokonzi na Etuka (RKD)|Engumba Mokonzi]] || align=center| {{{capitale}}} |- | valign="top"| [[Gouverneur|Gouverneur]] || align=center| {{{gouverneur}}} |- | valign="top"| [[Nkótá ya ekólo]] || align=center| {{{lg}}} |- | valign="top"| [[Etando]] || align=center|<!-- {{{supha}}} ha<br />--> {{{supkm2}}} km² |- | <!--[[Population sans doubles comptes|Population sans<br />doubles comptes]]-->[[Mito|Mito estimée]] | align=center| {{{pop}}} hab. <br /><small>({{{annéepop}}})</small> |- | [[Bato na etando]] || align=center| {{{densité}}} hab./km² |- | [[ISO 3166-2:CD|ISO 3166-2]] || align=center|{{{ISO}}} |- | [[Assemblée nationale de la République démocratique du Congo#Nombre de députés à élire par ville, commune (Kinshasa) et territoire|Nombre de députés<br>de la province]] || align=center| {{{dep}}} |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#bbdefd" | Localisation |- | colspan="2" align=center| {{{carte}}} |- |align=center colspan=2 style="background: aliceblue"|<small>[[Liste des provinces, villes, communes, districts et territoires en République démocratique du Congo|Communes et Territoires]] - [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo|Villes]] - [[Provinces de la République démocratique du Congo|Provinces]] |} <noinclude>[[Catégorie:Modèle RDC|Province RDC]]</noinclude> '''Insérez un texte à mettre en gras à la place de celui-ci''' 8438 2006-06-15T13:15:14Z Bombo 12 <!-- [[Wikipédia:Projet, Charte graphique/Domaine géographique/Couleurs et niveaux administratifs]] --> {| align="right" rules="all" border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; background-color: aliceblue" ! colspan="2" style="background-color: #BBDEFD" | {| style="background: #BBDEFD" align="center" width="100%" | padding=0px| | style="background: #BBDEFD" align="center" width="100%" |<font color=black size=4>'''{{{nom}}}''' | padding=0px| |} |- | valign="top"| [[Bisé ya Mokili|Bisé]] || align=center| [[Image:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg|20px|Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki|Kɔ́ngɔ (RKD)]] |- | valign="top"| [[Engumba Mokonzi na Etuka (RKD)|Engumba Mokonzi]] || align=center| {{{capitale}}} |- | valign="top"| [[Gouverneur|Gouverneur]] || align=center| {{{gouverneur}}} |- | valign="top"| [[Nkótá ya ekólo]] || align=center| {{{lg}}} |- | valign="top"| [[Etando]] || align=center|<!-- {{{supha}}} ha<br />--> {{{supkm2}}} km² |- | <!--[[Population sans doubles comptes|Population sans<br />doubles comptes]]-->[[Mito|Mito estimée]] | align=center| {{{pop}}} hab. <br /><small>({{{annéepop}}})</small> |- | [[Bato na etando]] || align=center| {{{densité}}} hab./km² |- | [[ISO 3166-2:CD|ISO 3166-2]] || align=center|{{{ISO}}} |- | [[Assemblée nationale de la République démocratique du Congo#Nombre de députés à élire par ville, commune (Kinshasa) et territoire|Nombre de députés<br>de la province]] || align=center| {{{dep}}} |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#bbdefd" | Localisation |- | colspan="2" align=center| {{{carte}}} |- |align=center colspan=2 style="background: aliceblue"|<small>[[Liste des provinces, villes, communes, districts et territoires en République démocratique du Congo|Communes et Territoires]] - [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo|Villes]] - [[Provinces de la République démocratique du Congo|Provinces]] |} <noinclude>[[Category:Modèle RDC|Etuka RKD]]</noinclude> 8440 2006-06-15T13:16:32Z Bombo 12 [[Template:BiteniRDK]] moved to [[Template:BiteniRKD]]: typo <!-- [[Wikipédia:Projet, Charte graphique/Domaine géographique/Couleurs et niveaux administratifs]] --> {| align="right" rules="all" border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; background-color: aliceblue" ! colspan="2" style="background-color: #BBDEFD" | {| style="background: #BBDEFD" align="center" width="100%" | padding=0px| | style="background: #BBDEFD" align="center" width="100%" |<font color=black size=4>'''{{{nom}}}''' | padding=0px| |} |- | valign="top"| [[Bisé ya Mokili|Bisé]] || align=center| [[Image:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg|20px|Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki|Kɔ́ngɔ (RKD)]] |- | valign="top"| [[Engumba Mokonzi na Etuka (RKD)|Engumba Mokonzi]] || align=center| {{{capitale}}} |- | valign="top"| [[Gouverneur|Gouverneur]] || align=center| {{{gouverneur}}} |- | valign="top"| [[Nkótá ya ekólo]] || align=center| {{{lg}}} |- | valign="top"| [[Etando]] || align=center|<!-- {{{supha}}} ha<br />--> {{{supkm2}}} km² |- | <!--[[Population sans doubles comptes|Population sans<br />doubles comptes]]-->[[Mito|Mito estimée]] | align=center| {{{pop}}} hab. <br /><small>({{{annéepop}}})</small> |- | [[Bato na etando]] || align=center| {{{densité}}} hab./km² |- | [[ISO 3166-2:CD|ISO 3166-2]] || align=center|{{{ISO}}} |- | [[Assemblée nationale de la République démocratique du Congo#Nombre de députés à élire par ville, commune (Kinshasa) et territoire|Nombre de députés<br>de la province]] || align=center| {{{dep}}} |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#bbdefd" | Localisation |- | colspan="2" align=center| {{{carte}}} |- |align=center colspan=2 style="background: aliceblue"|<small>[[Liste des provinces, villes, communes, districts et territoires en République démocratique du Congo|Communes et Territoires]] - [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo|Villes]] - [[Provinces de la République démocratique du Congo|Provinces]] |} <noinclude>[[Category:Modèle RDC|Etuka RKD]]</noinclude> 8446 2006-06-15T13:30:45Z Bombo 12 typo <!-- [[Wikipédia:Projet, Charte graphique/Domaine géographique/Couleurs et niveaux administratifs]] --> {| align="right" rules="all" border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; background-color: aliceblue" ! colspan="2" style="background-color: #BBDEFD" | {| style="background: #BBDEFD" align="center" width="100%" | padding=0px| | style="background: #BBDEFD" align="center" width="100%" |<font color=black size=4>'''{{{nom}}}''' | padding=0px| |} |- | valign="top"| [[Bisé ya Mokili|Bisé]] || align=center| [[Image:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg|20px|Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki|Kɔ́ngɔ (RKD)]] |- | valign="top"| [[Engúmba Mokonzi na Etuka (RKD)|Engumba Mokonzi]] || align=center| {{{capitale}}} |- | valign="top"| [[Gouverneur|Gouverneur]] || align=center| {{{gouverneur}}} |- | valign="top"| [[Nkótá ya ekólo]] || align=center| {{{lg}}} |- | valign="top"| [[Etando]] || align=center|<!-- {{{supha}}} ha<br />--> {{{supkm2}}} km² |- | <!--[[Population sans doubles comptes|Population sans<br />doubles comptes]]-->[[Mito|Mito estimée]] | align=center| {{{pop}}} hab. <br /><small>({{{annéepop}}})</small> |- | [[Bato na etando]] || align=center| {{{densité}}} hab./km² |- | [[ISO 3166-2:CD|ISO 3166-2]] || align=center|{{{ISO}}} |- | [[Assemblée nationale de la République démocratique du Congo#Nombre de députés à élire par ville, commune (Kinshasa) et territoire|Nombre de députés<br>de la province]] || align=center| {{{dep}}} |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#bbdefd" | Localisation |- | colspan="2" align=center| {{{carte}}} |- |align=center colspan=2 style="background: aliceblue"|<small>[[Liste des provinces, villes, communes, districts et territoires en République démocratique du Congo|Communes et Territoires]] - [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo|Villes]] - [[Provinces de la République démocratique du Congo|Provinces]] |} <noinclude>[[Category:Modèle RDC|Etuka RKD]]</noinclude> 8447 2006-06-15T13:31:04Z Bombo 12 typo <!-- [[Wikipédia:Projet, Charte graphique/Domaine géographique/Couleurs et niveaux administratifs]] --> {| align="right" rules="all" border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; background-color: aliceblue" ! colspan="2" style="background-color: #BBDEFD" | {| style="background: #BBDEFD" align="center" width="100%" | padding=0px| | style="background: #BBDEFD" align="center" width="100%" |<font color=black size=4>'''{{{nom}}}''' | padding=0px| |} |- | valign="top"| [[Bisé ya Mokili|Bisé]] || align=center| [[Image:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg|20px|Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki|Kɔ́ngɔ (RKD)]] |- | valign="top"| [[Engúmba Mokonzi na Etuka (RKD)|Engúmba Mokonzi]] || align=center| {{{capitale}}} |- | valign="top"| [[Gouverneur|Gouverneur]] || align=center| {{{gouverneur}}} |- | valign="top"| [[Nkótá ya ekólo]] || align=center| {{{lg}}} |- | valign="top"| [[Etando]] || align=center|<!-- {{{supha}}} ha<br />--> {{{supkm2}}} km² |- | <!--[[Population sans doubles comptes|Population sans<br />doubles comptes]]-->[[Mito|Mito estimée]] | align=center| {{{pop}}} hab. <br /><small>({{{annéepop}}})</small> |- | [[Bato na etando]] || align=center| {{{densité}}} hab./km² |- | [[ISO 3166-2:CD|ISO 3166-2]] || align=center|{{{ISO}}} |- | [[Assemblée nationale de la République démocratique du Congo#Nombre de députés à élire par ville, commune (Kinshasa) et territoire|Nombre de députés<br>de la province]] || align=center| {{{dep}}} |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#bbdefd" | Localisation |- | colspan="2" align=center| {{{carte}}} |- |align=center colspan=2 style="background: aliceblue"|<small>[[Liste des provinces, villes, communes, districts et territoires en République démocratique du Congo|Communes et Territoires]] - [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo|Villes]] - [[Provinces de la République démocratique du Congo|Provinces]] |} <noinclude>[[Category:Modèle RDC|Etuka RKD]]</noinclude> 8448 2006-06-15T13:32:16Z Bombo 12 <!-- [[Wikipédia:Projet, Charte graphique/Domaine géographique/Couleurs et niveaux administratifs]] --> {| align="right" rules="all" border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; background-color: aliceblue" ! colspan="2" style="background-color: #BBDEFD" | {| style="background: #BBDEFD" align="center" width="100%" | padding=0px| | style="background: #BBDEFD" align="center" width="100%" |<font color=black size=4>'''{{{nom}}}''' | padding=0px| |} |- | valign="top"| [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé ya mokili|Bisé]] || align=center| [[Image:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg|20px|Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki|Kɔ́ngɔ (RKD)]] |- | valign="top"| [[Engúmba Mokonzi na Etuka (RKD)|Engúmba Mokonzi]] || align=center| {{{capitale}}} |- | valign="top"| [[Gouverneur|Gouverneur]] || align=center| {{{gouverneur}}} |- | valign="top"| [[Nkótá ya ekólo]] || align=center| {{{lg}}} |- | valign="top"| [[Etando]] || align=center|<!-- {{{supha}}} ha<br />--> {{{supkm2}}} km² |- | <!--[[Population sans doubles comptes|Population sans<br />doubles comptes]]-->[[Mito|Mito estimée]] | align=center| {{{pop}}} hab. <br /><small>({{{annéepop}}})</small> |- | [[Bato na etando]] || align=center| {{{densité}}} hab./km² |- | [[ISO 3166-2:CD|ISO 3166-2]] || align=center|{{{ISO}}} |- | [[Assemblée nationale de la République démocratique du Congo#Nombre de députés à élire par ville, commune (Kinshasa) et territoire|Nombre de députés<br>de la province]] || align=center| {{{dep}}} |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#bbdefd" | Localisation |- | colspan="2" align=center| {{{carte}}} |- |align=center colspan=2 style="background: aliceblue"|<small>[[Liste des provinces, villes, communes, districts et territoires en République démocratique du Congo|Communes et Territoires]] - [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo|Villes]] - [[Provinces de la République démocratique du Congo|Provinces]] |} <noinclude>[[Category:Modèle RDC|Etuka RKD]]</noinclude> 8449 2006-06-15T16:03:17Z Moyogo 11 pl: bisé sg: esé <!-- [[Wikipédia:Projet, Charte graphique/Domaine géographique/Couleurs et niveaux administratifs]] --> {| align="right" rules="all" border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; background-color: aliceblue" ! colspan="2" style="background-color: #BBDEFD" | {| style="background: #BBDEFD" align="center" width="100%" | padding=0px| | style="background: #BBDEFD" align="center" width="100%" |<font color=black size=4>'''{{{nom}}}''' | padding=0px| |} |- | valign="top"| [[Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé ya mokili|Esé]] || align=center| [[Image:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg|20px|Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki|Kɔ́ngɔ (RKD)]] |- | valign="top"| [[Engúmba Mokonzi na Etuka (RKD)|Engúmba Mokonzi]] || align=center| {{{capitale}}} |- | valign="top"| [[Gouverneur|Gouverneur]] || align=center| {{{gouverneur}}} |- | valign="top"| [[Nkótá ya ekólo]] || align=center| {{{lg}}} |- | valign="top"| [[Etando]] || align=center|<!-- {{{supha}}} ha<br />--> {{{supkm2}}} km² |- | <!--[[Population sans doubles comptes|Population sans<br />doubles comptes]]-->[[Mito|Mito estimée]] | align=center| {{{pop}}} hab. <br /><small>({{{annéepop}}})</small> |- | [[Bato na etando]] || align=center| {{{densité}}} hab./km² |- | [[ISO 3166-2:CD|ISO 3166-2]] || align=center|{{{ISO}}} |- | [[Assemblée nationale de la République démocratique du Congo#Nombre de députés à élire par ville, commune (Kinshasa) et territoire|Nombre de députés<br>de la province]] || align=center| {{{dep}}} |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#bbdefd" | Localisation |- | colspan="2" align=center| {{{carte}}} |- |align=center colspan=2 style="background: aliceblue"|<small>[[Liste des provinces, villes, communes, districts et territoires en République démocratique du Congo|Communes et Territoires]] - [[Liste des villes de la République démocratique du Congo|Villes]] - [[Provinces de la République démocratique du Congo|Provinces]] |} <noinclude>[[Category:Modèle RDC|Etuka RKD]]</noinclude> Template:BiteniRDK 2316 8441 2006-06-15T13:16:32Z Bombo 12 [[Template:BiteniRDK]] moved to [[Template:BiteniRKD]]: typo #REDIRECT [[Template:BiteniRKD]] Espania 2317 8454 2006-06-17T15:13:17Z 88.6.218.130 '''Espania''' == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Historia ya Espania]]'' [[Image:Sp-map-es.png|thumb|310px|left|Espania]] == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Politiki ya Espania]]'' == Jyografi == '''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Jyografi ya Espania]]''' {{Bisé ya Eropa}} [[Category:Espania]] [[af:Spanje]] [[an:España]] [[ar:إسبانيا]] [[ast:España]] [[be:Гішпанія]] [[bg:Испания]] [[br:Spagn]] [[bs:Španija]] [[ca:Espanya]] [[cs:Španělsko]] [[cy:Sbaen]] [[da:Spanien]] [[de:Spanien]] [[el:Ισπανία]] [[en:Spain]] [[eo:Hispanio]] [[es:España]] [[et:Hispaania]] [[eu:Espainia]] [[fa:اسپانیا]] [[fi:Espanja]] [[fiu-vro:Hispaania]] [[fr:Espagne]] [[fy:Spanje]] [[ga:An Spáinn]] [[gd:An Spàinn]] [[gl:España]] [[he:ספרד]] [[hr:Španjolska]] [[ht:Espay]] [[hu:Spanyolország]] [[ia:Espania]] [[id:Spanyol]] [[ilo:Espania]] [[io:Hispania]] [[is:Spánn]] [[it:Spagna]] [[ja:スペイン]] [[ka:ესპანეთი]] [[ko:에스파냐]] [[ku:Spanya]] [[kw:Spayn]] [[la:Hispania]] [[lad:Espanya]] [[lb:Spuenien]] [[li:Spanje]] [[lt:Ispanija]] [[lv:Spānija]] [[mi:Pāniora]] [[mk:Шпанија]] [[mr:स्पेन]] [[ms:Sepanyol]] [[mt:Spanja]] [[nah:Caxtillan]] [[nds:Spanien]] [[nds-nl:Spanje]] [[nl:Spanje]] [[nn:Spania]] [[no:Spania]] [[oc:Espanha]] [[os:Испани]] [[pl:Hiszpania]] [[ps:اسپانيا]] [[pt:Espanha]] [[rm:Spagna]] [[ro:Spania]] [[ru:Испания]] [[sc:Ispanna]] [[scn:Spagna]] [[sco:Spain]] [[se:Spánia]] [[simple:Spain]] [[sk:Španielsko]] [[sl:Španija]] [[sq:Spanja]] [[sr:Шпанија]] [[sv:Spanien]] [[ta:ஸ்பெயின்]] [[th:ประเทศสเปน]] [[tl:Espanya]] [[tpi:Spen]] [[tr:İspanya]] [[udm:Испания]] [[uk:Іспанія]] [[ur:اسپین]] [[vec:Spagna]] [[vi:Tây Ban Nha]] [[war:Espanya]] [[yi:שפאניע]] [[zh:西班牙]] [[zh-min-nan:Se-pan-gâ]] 9032 2006-08-02T06:02:10Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: als, ang, ay, az, bn, ceb, co, csb, cv, dz, fo, frp, fur, gn, gu, gv, haw, hi, hy, jbo, ks, mg, na, ne, nrm, pam, sh, st, tet, ug, vo, zh-yue Modifie: nah, sc, ur '''Espania''' == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Historia ya Espania]]'' [[Image:Sp-map-es.png|thumb|310px|left|Espania]] == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Politiki ya Espania]]'' == Jyografi == '''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Jyografi ya Espania]]''' {{Bisé ya Eropa}} [[Category:Espania]] [[af:Spanje]] [[als:Spanien]] [[an:España]] [[ang:Spéonland]] [[ar:إسبانيا]] [[ast:España]] [[ay:España]] [[az:İspaniya]] [[be:Гішпанія]] [[bg:Испания]] [[bn:স্পেন]] [[br:Spagn]] [[bs:Španija]] [[ca:Espanya]] [[ceb:Espanya]] [[co:Spagna]] [[cs:Španělsko]] [[csb:Szpańskô]] [[cv:Испани]] [[cy:Sbaen]] [[da:Spanien]] [[de:Spanien]] [[dz:Spain]] [[el:Ισπανία]] [[en:Spain]] [[eo:Hispanio]] [[es:España]] [[et:Hispaania]] [[eu:Espainia]] [[fa:اسپانیا]] [[fi:Espanja]] [[fiu-vro:Hispaania]] [[fo:Spania]] [[fr:Espagne]] [[frp:Èspagne]] [[fur:Spagne]] [[fy:Spanje]] [[ga:An Spáinn]] [[gd:An Spàinn]] [[gl:España]] [[gn:Epaña]] [[gu:સ્પેઇન]] [[gv:Yn Spaainey]] [[haw:Sepania]] [[he:ספרד]] [[hi:स्पेन]] [[hr:Španjolska]] [[ht:Espay]] [[hu:Spanyolország]] [[hy:Իսպանիա]] [[ia:Espania]] [[id:Spanyol]] [[ilo:Espania]] [[io:Hispania]] [[is:Spánn]] [[it:Spagna]] [[ja:スペイン]] [[jbo:sangu'e]] [[ka:ესპანეთი]] [[ko:에스파냐]] [[ks:Spēna]] [[ku:Spanya]] [[kw:Spayn]] [[la:Hispania]] [[lad:Espanya]] [[lb:Spuenien]] [[li:Spanje]] [[lt:Ispanija]] [[lv:Spānija]] [[mg:Espaina]] [[mi:Pāniora]] [[mk:Шпанија]] [[mr:स्पेन]] [[ms:Sepanyol]] [[mt:Spanja]] [[na:Pain]] [[nah:Caxtillān]] [[nds:Spanien]] [[nds-nl:Spanje]] [[ne:स्पेन]] [[nl:Spanje]] [[nn:Spania]] [[no:Spania]] [[nrm:Espangne]] [[oc:Espanha]] [[os:Испани]] [[pam:Espanya]] [[pl:Hiszpania]] [[ps:اسپانيا]] [[pt:Espanha]] [[rm:Spagna]] [[ro:Spania]] [[ru:Испания]] [[sc:Ispagna]] [[scn:Spagna]] [[sco:Spain]] [[se:Spánia]] [[sh:Španija]] [[simple:Spain]] [[sk:Španielsko]] [[sl:Španija]] [[sq:Spanja]] [[sr:Шпанија]] [[st:Spain]] [[sv:Spanien]] [[ta:ஸ்பெயின்]] [[tet:España]] [[th:ประเทศสเปน]] [[tl:Espanya]] [[tpi:Spen]] [[tr:İspanya]] [[udm:Испания]] [[ug:ئىسپانىيە]] [[uk:Іспанія]] [[ur:اندلس]] [[vec:Spagna]] [[vi:Tây Ban Nha]] [[vo:Spanyän]] [[war:Espanya]] [[yi:שפאניע]] [[zh:西班牙]] [[zh-min-nan:Se-pan-gâ]] [[zh-yue:西班牙]] 9103 2006-08-13T22:07:50Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[qu:Ispaña]] Retire: [[ay:España]] '''Espania''' == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Historia ya Espania]]'' [[Image:Sp-map-es.png|thumb|310px|left|Espania]] == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Politiki ya Espania]]'' == Jyografi == '''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Jyografi ya Espania]]''' {{Bisé ya Eropa}} [[Category:Espania]] [[af:Spanje]] [[als:Spanien]] [[an:España]] [[ang:Spéonland]] [[ar:إسبانيا]] [[ast:España]] [[az:İspaniya]] [[be:Гішпанія]] [[bg:Испания]] [[bn:স্পেন]] [[br:Spagn]] [[bs:Španija]] [[ca:Espanya]] [[ceb:Espanya]] [[co:Spagna]] [[cs:Španělsko]] [[csb:Szpańskô]] [[cv:Испани]] [[cy:Sbaen]] [[da:Spanien]] [[de:Spanien]] [[dz:Spain]] [[el:Ισπανία]] [[en:Spain]] [[eo:Hispanio]] [[es:España]] [[et:Hispaania]] [[eu:Espainia]] [[fa:اسپانیا]] [[fi:Espanja]] [[fiu-vro:Hispaania]] [[fo:Spania]] [[fr:Espagne]] [[frp:Èspagne]] [[fur:Spagne]] [[fy:Spanje]] [[ga:An Spáinn]] [[gd:An Spàinn]] [[gl:España]] [[gn:Epaña]] [[gu:સ્પેઇન]] [[gv:Yn Spaainey]] [[haw:Sepania]] [[he:ספרד]] [[hi:स्पेन]] [[hr:Španjolska]] [[ht:Espay]] [[hu:Spanyolország]] [[hy:Իսպանիա]] [[ia:Espania]] [[id:Spanyol]] [[ilo:Espania]] [[io:Hispania]] [[is:Spánn]] [[it:Spagna]] [[ja:スペイン]] [[jbo:sangu'e]] [[ka:ესპანეთი]] [[ko:에스파냐]] [[ks:Spēna]] [[ku:Spanya]] [[kw:Spayn]] [[la:Hispania]] [[lad:Espanya]] [[lb:Spuenien]] [[li:Spanje]] [[lt:Ispanija]] [[lv:Spānija]] [[mg:Espaina]] [[mi:Pāniora]] [[mk:Шпанија]] [[mr:स्पेन]] [[ms:Sepanyol]] [[mt:Spanja]] [[na:Pain]] [[nah:Caxtillān]] [[nds:Spanien]] [[nds-nl:Spanje]] [[ne:स्पेन]] [[nl:Spanje]] [[nn:Spania]] [[no:Spania]] [[nrm:Espangne]] [[oc:Espanha]] [[os:Испани]] [[pam:Espanya]] [[pl:Hiszpania]] [[ps:اسپانيا]] [[pt:Espanha]] [[qu:Ispaña]] [[rm:Spagna]] [[ro:Spania]] [[ru:Испания]] [[sc:Ispagna]] [[scn:Spagna]] [[sco:Spain]] [[se:Spánia]] [[sh:Španija]] [[simple:Spain]] [[sk:Španielsko]] [[sl:Španija]] [[sq:Spanja]] [[sr:Шпанија]] [[st:Spain]] [[sv:Spanien]] [[ta:ஸ்பெயின்]] [[tet:España]] [[th:ประเทศสเปน]] [[tl:Espanya]] [[tpi:Spen]] [[tr:İspanya]] [[udm:Испания]] [[ug:ئىسپانىيە]] [[uk:Іспанія]] [[ur:اندلس]] [[vec:Spagna]] [[vi:Tây Ban Nha]] [[vo:Spanyän]] [[war:Espanya]] [[yi:שפאניע]] [[zh:西班牙]] [[zh-min-nan:Se-pan-gâ]] [[zh-yue:西班牙]] 9364 2006-09-17T18:53:09Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: arc, ty '''Espania''' == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Historia ya Espania]]'' [[Image:Sp-map-es.png|thumb|310px|left|Espania]] == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Politiki ya Espania]]'' == Jyografi == '''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Jyografi ya Espania]]''' {{Bisé ya Eropa}} [[Category:Espania]] [[af:Spanje]] [[als:Spanien]] [[an:España]] [[ang:Spéonland]] [[ar:إسبانيا]] [[arc:ܐܣܦܢܝܐ]] [[ast:España]] [[az:İspaniya]] [[be:Гішпанія]] [[bg:Испания]] [[bn:স্পেন]] [[br:Spagn]] [[bs:Španija]] [[ca:Espanya]] [[ceb:Espanya]] [[co:Spagna]] [[cs:Španělsko]] [[csb:Szpańskô]] [[cv:Испани]] [[cy:Sbaen]] [[da:Spanien]] [[de:Spanien]] [[dz:Spain]] [[el:Ισπανία]] [[en:Spain]] [[eo:Hispanio]] [[es:España]] [[et:Hispaania]] [[eu:Espainia]] [[fa:اسپانیا]] [[fi:Espanja]] [[fiu-vro:Hispaania]] [[fo:Spania]] [[fr:Espagne]] [[frp:Èspagne]] [[fur:Spagne]] [[fy:Spanje]] [[ga:An Spáinn]] [[gd:An Spàinn]] [[gl:España]] [[gn:Epaña]] [[gu:સ્પેઇન]] [[gv:Yn Spaainey]] [[haw:Sepania]] [[he:ספרד]] [[hi:स्पेन]] [[hr:Španjolska]] [[ht:Espay]] [[hu:Spanyolország]] [[hy:Իսպանիա]] [[ia:Espania]] [[id:Spanyol]] [[ilo:Espania]] [[io:Hispania]] [[is:Spánn]] [[it:Spagna]] [[ja:スペイン]] [[jbo:sangu'e]] [[ka:ესპანეთი]] [[ko:에스파냐]] [[ks:Spēna]] [[ku:Spanya]] [[kw:Spayn]] [[la:Hispania]] [[lad:Espanya]] [[lb:Spuenien]] [[li:Spanje]] [[lt:Ispanija]] [[lv:Spānija]] [[mg:Espaina]] [[mi:Pāniora]] [[mk:Шпанија]] [[mr:स्पेन]] [[ms:Sepanyol]] [[mt:Spanja]] [[na:Pain]] [[nah:Caxtillān]] [[nds:Spanien]] [[nds-nl:Spanje]] [[ne:स्पेन]] [[nl:Spanje]] [[nn:Spania]] [[no:Spania]] [[nrm:Espangne]] [[oc:Espanha]] [[os:Испани]] [[pam:Espanya]] [[pl:Hiszpania]] [[ps:اسپانيا]] [[pt:Espanha]] [[qu:Ispaña]] [[rm:Spagna]] [[ro:Spania]] [[ru:Испания]] [[sc:Ispagna]] [[scn:Spagna]] [[sco:Spain]] [[se:Spánia]] [[sh:Španija]] [[simple:Spain]] [[sk:Španielsko]] [[sl:Španija]] [[sq:Spanja]] [[sr:Шпанија]] [[st:Spain]] [[sv:Spanien]] [[ta:ஸ்பெயின்]] [[tet:España]] [[th:ประเทศสเปน]] [[tl:Espanya]] [[tpi:Spen]] [[tr:İspanya]] [[ty:Paniora]] [[udm:Испания]] [[ug:ئىسپانىيە]] [[uk:Іспанія]] [[ur:اندلس]] [[vec:Spagna]] [[vi:Tây Ban Nha]] [[vo:Spanyän]] [[war:Espanya]] [[yi:שפאניע]] [[zh:西班牙]] [[zh-min-nan:Se-pan-gâ]] [[zh-yue:西班牙]] 9397 2006-09-30T16:49:51Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: pms, roa-rup, sw, tg '''Espania''' == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Historia ya Espania]]'' [[Image:Sp-map-es.png|thumb|310px|left|Espania]] == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Politiki ya Espania]]'' == Jyografi == '''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Jyografi ya Espania]]''' {{Bisé ya Eropa}} [[Category:Espania]] [[af:Spanje]] [[als:Spanien]] [[an:España]] [[ang:Spéonland]] [[ar:إسبانيا]] [[arc:ܐܣܦܢܝܐ]] [[ast:España]] [[az:İspaniya]] [[be:Гішпанія]] [[bg:Испания]] [[bn:স্পেন]] [[br:Spagn]] [[bs:Španija]] [[ca:Espanya]] [[ceb:Espanya]] [[co:Spagna]] [[cs:Španělsko]] [[csb:Szpańskô]] [[cv:Испани]] [[cy:Sbaen]] [[da:Spanien]] [[de:Spanien]] [[dz:Spain]] [[el:Ισπανία]] [[en:Spain]] [[eo:Hispanio]] [[es:España]] [[et:Hispaania]] [[eu:Espainia]] [[fa:اسپانیا]] [[fi:Espanja]] [[fiu-vro:Hispaania]] [[fo:Spania]] [[fr:Espagne]] [[frp:Èspagne]] [[fur:Spagne]] [[fy:Spanje]] [[ga:An Spáinn]] [[gd:An Spàinn]] [[gl:España]] [[gn:Epaña]] [[gu:સ્પેઇન]] [[gv:Yn Spaainey]] [[haw:Sepania]] [[he:ספרד]] [[hi:स्पेन]] [[hr:Španjolska]] [[ht:Espay]] [[hu:Spanyolország]] [[hy:Իսպանիա]] [[ia:Espania]] [[id:Spanyol]] [[ilo:Espania]] [[io:Hispania]] [[is:Spánn]] [[it:Spagna]] [[ja:スペイン]] [[jbo:sangu'e]] [[ka:ესპანეთი]] [[ko:에스파냐]] [[ks:Spēna]] [[ku:Spanya]] [[kw:Spayn]] [[la:Hispania]] [[lad:Espanya]] [[lb:Spuenien]] [[li:Spanje]] [[lt:Ispanija]] [[lv:Spānija]] [[mg:Espaina]] [[mi:Pāniora]] [[mk:Шпанија]] [[mr:स्पेन]] [[ms:Sepanyol]] [[mt:Spanja]] [[na:Pain]] [[nah:Caxtillān]] [[nds:Spanien]] [[nds-nl:Spanje]] [[ne:स्पेन]] [[nl:Spanje]] [[nn:Spania]] [[no:Spania]] [[nrm:Espangne]] [[oc:Espanha]] [[os:Испани]] [[pam:Espanya]] [[pl:Hiszpania]] [[pms:Spagna]] [[ps:اسپانيا]] [[pt:Espanha]] [[qu:Ispaña]] [[rm:Spagna]] [[ro:Spania]] [[roa-rup:Ispania]] [[ru:Испания]] [[sc:Ispagna]] [[scn:Spagna]] [[sco:Spain]] [[se:Spánia]] [[sh:Španija]] [[simple:Spain]] [[sk:Španielsko]] [[sl:Španija]] [[sq:Spanja]] [[sr:Шпанија]] [[st:Spain]] [[sv:Spanien]] [[sw:Hispania]] [[ta:ஸ்பெயின்]] [[tet:España]] [[tg:Испониё]] [[th:ประเทศสเปน]] [[tl:Espanya]] [[tpi:Spen]] [[tr:İspanya]] [[ty:Paniora]] [[udm:Испания]] [[ug:ئىسپانىيە]] [[uk:Іспанія]] [[ur:اندلس]] [[vec:Spagna]] [[vi:Tây Ban Nha]] [[vo:Spanyän]] [[war:Espanya]] [[yi:שפאניע]] [[zh:西班牙]] [[zh-min-nan:Se-pan-gâ]] [[zh-yue:西班牙]] 9689 2006-11-10T09:57:00Z JAnDbot 85 robot Ajoute: [[ru-sib:Еспання]], [[to:Sepeni]] '''Espania''' == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Historia ya Espania]]'' [[Image:Sp-map-es.png|thumb|310px|left|Espania]] == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Politiki ya Espania]]'' == Jyografi == '''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Jyografi ya Espania]]''' {{Bisé ya Eropa}} [[Category:Espania]] [[af:Spanje]] [[als:Spanien]] [[an:España]] [[ang:Spéonland]] [[ar:إسبانيا]] [[arc:ܐܣܦܢܝܐ]] [[ast:España]] [[az:İspaniya]] [[be:Гішпанія]] [[bg:Испания]] [[bn:স্পেন]] [[br:Spagn]] [[bs:Španija]] [[ca:Espanya]] [[ceb:Espanya]] [[co:Spagna]] [[cs:Španělsko]] [[csb:Szpańskô]] [[cv:Испани]] [[cy:Sbaen]] [[da:Spanien]] [[de:Spanien]] [[dz:Spain]] [[el:Ισπανία]] [[en:Spain]] [[eo:Hispanio]] [[es:España]] [[et:Hispaania]] [[eu:Espainia]] [[fa:اسپانیا]] [[fi:Espanja]] [[fiu-vro:Hispaania]] [[fo:Spania]] [[fr:Espagne]] [[frp:Èspagne]] [[fur:Spagne]] [[fy:Spanje]] [[ga:An Spáinn]] [[gd:An Spàinn]] [[gl:España]] [[gn:Epaña]] [[gu:સ્પેઇન]] [[gv:Yn Spaainey]] [[haw:Sepania]] [[he:ספרד]] [[hi:स्पेन]] [[hr:Španjolska]] [[ht:Espay]] [[hu:Spanyolország]] [[hy:Իսպանիա]] [[ia:Espania]] [[id:Spanyol]] [[ilo:Espania]] [[io:Hispania]] [[is:Spánn]] [[it:Spagna]] [[ja:スペイン]] [[jbo:sangu'e]] [[ka:ესპანეთი]] [[ko:에스파냐]] [[ks:Spēna]] [[ku:Spanya]] [[kw:Spayn]] [[la:Hispania]] [[lad:Espanya]] [[lb:Spuenien]] [[li:Spanje]] [[lt:Ispanija]] [[lv:Spānija]] [[mg:Espaina]] [[mi:Pāniora]] [[mk:Шпанија]] [[mr:स्पेन]] [[ms:Sepanyol]] [[mt:Spanja]] [[na:Pain]] [[nah:Caxtillān]] [[nds:Spanien]] [[nds-nl:Spanje]] [[ne:स्पेन]] [[nl:Spanje]] [[nn:Spania]] [[no:Spania]] [[nrm:Espangne]] [[oc:Espanha]] [[os:Испани]] [[pam:Espanya]] [[pl:Hiszpania]] [[pms:Spagna]] [[ps:اسپانيا]] [[pt:Espanha]] [[qu:Ispaña]] [[rm:Spagna]] [[ro:Spania]] [[roa-rup:Ispania]] [[ru:Испания]] [[ru-sib:Еспання]] [[sc:Ispagna]] [[scn:Spagna]] [[sco:Spain]] [[se:Spánia]] [[sh:Španija]] [[simple:Spain]] [[sk:Španielsko]] [[sl:Španija]] [[sq:Spanja]] [[sr:Шпанија]] [[st:Spain]] [[sv:Spanien]] [[sw:Hispania]] [[ta:ஸ்பெயின்]] [[tet:España]] [[tg:Испониё]] [[th:ประเทศสเปน]] [[tl:Espanya]] [[to:Sepeni]] [[tpi:Spen]] [[tr:İspanya]] [[ty:Paniora]] [[udm:Испания]] [[ug:ئىسپانىيە]] [[uk:Іспанія]] [[ur:اندلس]] [[vec:Spagna]] [[vi:Tây Ban Nha]] [[vo:Spanyän]] [[war:Espanya]] [[yi:שפאניע]] [[zh:西班牙]] [[zh-min-nan:Se-pan-gâ]] [[zh-yue:西班牙]] 9844 2006-11-24T04:11:04Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: [[bat-smg:Ispanėjė]] Modifie: [[ur:سپین]] '''Espania''' == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Historia ya Espania]]'' [[Image:Sp-map-es.png|thumb|310px|left|Espania]] == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Politiki ya Espania]]'' == Jyografi == '''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Jyografi ya Espania]]''' {{Bisé ya Eropa}} [[Category:Espania]] [[ru-sib:Еспання]] [[af:Spanje]] [[als:Spanien]] [[an:España]] [[ang:Spéonland]] [[ar:إسبانيا]] [[arc:ܐܣܦܢܝܐ]] [[ast:España]] [[az:İspaniya]] [[bat-smg:Ispanėjė]] [[be:Гішпанія]] [[bg:Испания]] [[bn:স্পেন]] [[br:Spagn]] [[bs:Španija]] [[ca:Espanya]] [[ceb:Espanya]] [[co:Spagna]] [[cs:Španělsko]] [[csb:Szpańskô]] [[cv:Испани]] [[cy:Sbaen]] [[da:Spanien]] [[de:Spanien]] [[dz:Spain]] [[el:Ισπανία]] [[en:Spain]] [[eo:Hispanio]] [[es:España]] [[et:Hispaania]] [[eu:Espainia]] [[fa:اسپانیا]] [[fi:Espanja]] [[fiu-vro:Hispaania]] [[fo:Spania]] [[fr:Espagne]] [[frp:Èspagne]] [[fur:Spagne]] [[fy:Spanje]] [[ga:An Spáinn]] [[gd:An Spàinn]] [[gl:España]] [[gn:Epaña]] [[gu:સ્પેઇન]] [[gv:Yn Spaainey]] [[haw:Sepania]] [[he:ספרד]] [[hi:स्पेन]] [[hr:Španjolska]] [[ht:Espay]] [[hu:Spanyolország]] [[hy:Իսպանիա]] [[ia:Espania]] [[id:Spanyol]] [[ilo:Espania]] [[io:Hispania]] [[is:Spánn]] [[it:Spagna]] [[ja:スペイン]] [[jbo:sangu'e]] [[ka:ესპანეთი]] [[ko:에스파냐]] [[ks:Spēna]] [[ku:Spanya]] [[kw:Spayn]] [[la:Hispania]] [[lad:Espanya]] [[lb:Spuenien]] [[li:Spanje]] [[lt:Ispanija]] [[lv:Spānija]] [[mg:Espaina]] [[mi:Pāniora]] [[mk:Шпанија]] [[mr:स्पेन]] [[ms:Sepanyol]] [[mt:Spanja]] [[na:Pain]] [[nah:Caxtillān]] [[nds:Spanien]] [[nds-nl:Spanje]] [[ne:स्पेन]] [[nl:Spanje]] [[nn:Spania]] [[no:Spania]] [[nrm:Espangne]] [[oc:Espanha]] [[os:Испани]] [[pam:Espanya]] [[pl:Hiszpania]] [[pms:Spagna]] [[ps:اسپانيا]] [[pt:Espanha]] [[qu:Ispaña]] [[rm:Spagna]] [[ro:Spania]] [[roa-rup:Ispania]] [[ru:Испания]] [[sc:Ispagna]] [[scn:Spagna]] [[sco:Spain]] [[se:Spánia]] [[sh:Španija]] [[simple:Spain]] [[sk:Španielsko]] [[sl:Španija]] [[sq:Spanja]] [[sr:Шпанија]] [[st:Spain]] [[sv:Spanien]] [[sw:Hispania]] [[ta:ஸ்பெயின்]] [[tet:España]] [[tg:Испониё]] [[th:ประเทศสเปน]] [[tl:Espanya]] [[to:Sepeni]] [[tpi:Spen]] [[tr:İspanya]] [[ty:Paniora]] [[udm:Испания]] [[ug:ئىسپانىيە]] [[uk:Іспанія]] [[ur:سپین]] [[vec:Spagna]] [[vi:Tây Ban Nha]] [[vo:Spanyän]] [[war:Espanya]] [[yi:שפאניע]] [[zh:西班牙]] [[zh-min-nan:Se-pan-gâ]] [[zh-yue:西班牙]] 9922 2006-12-05T02:32:52Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: [[cbk-zam:España]] '''Espania''' == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Historia ya Espania]]'' [[Image:Sp-map-es.png|thumb|310px|left|Espania]] == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Politiki ya Espania]]'' == Jyografi == '''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Jyografi ya Espania]]''' {{Bisé ya Eropa}} [[Category:Espania]] [[af:Spanje]] [[als:Spanien]] [[an:España]] [[ang:Spéonland]] [[ar:إسبانيا]] [[arc:ܐܣܦܢܝܐ]] [[ast:España]] [[az:İspaniya]] [[bat-smg:Ispanėjė]] [[be:Гішпанія]] [[bg:Испания]] [[bn:স্পেন]] [[br:Spagn]] [[bs:Španija]] [[ca:Espanya]] [[cbk-zam:España]] [[ceb:Espanya]] [[co:Spagna]] [[cs:Španělsko]] [[csb:Szpańskô]] [[cv:Испани]] [[cy:Sbaen]] [[da:Spanien]] [[de:Spanien]] [[dz:Spain]] [[el:Ισπανία]] [[en:Spain]] [[eo:Hispanio]] [[es:España]] [[et:Hispaania]] [[eu:Espainia]] [[fa:اسپانیا]] [[fi:Espanja]] [[fiu-vro:Hispaania]] [[fo:Spania]] [[fr:Espagne]] [[frp:Èspagne]] [[fur:Spagne]] [[fy:Spanje]] [[ga:An Spáinn]] [[gd:An Spàinn]] [[gl:España]] [[gn:Epaña]] [[gu:સ્પેઇન]] [[gv:Yn Spaainey]] [[haw:Sepania]] [[he:ספרד]] [[hi:स्पेन]] [[hr:Španjolska]] [[ht:Espay]] [[hu:Spanyolország]] [[hy:Իսպանիա]] [[ia:Espania]] [[id:Spanyol]] [[ilo:Espania]] [[io:Hispania]] [[is:Spánn]] [[it:Spagna]] [[ja:スペイン]] [[jbo:sangu'e]] [[ka:ესპანეთი]] [[ko:에스파냐]] [[ks:Spēna]] [[ku:Spanya]] [[kw:Spayn]] [[la:Hispania]] [[lad:Espanya]] [[lb:Spuenien]] [[li:Spanje]] [[lt:Ispanija]] [[lv:Spānija]] [[mg:Espaina]] [[mi:Pāniora]] [[mk:Шпанија]] [[mr:स्पेन]] [[ms:Sepanyol]] [[mt:Spanja]] [[na:Pain]] [[nah:Caxtillān]] [[nds:Spanien]] [[nds-nl:Spanje]] [[ne:स्पेन]] [[nl:Spanje]] [[nn:Spania]] [[no:Spania]] [[nrm:Espangne]] [[oc:Espanha]] [[os:Испани]] [[pam:Espanya]] [[pl:Hiszpania]] [[pms:Spagna]] [[ps:اسپانيا]] [[pt:Espanha]] [[qu:Ispaña]] [[rm:Spagna]] [[ro:Spania]] [[roa-rup:Ispania]] [[ru:Испания]] [[ru-sib:Еспання]] [[sc:Ispagna]] [[scn:Spagna]] [[sco:Spain]] [[se:Spánia]] [[sh:Španija]] [[simple:Spain]] [[sk:Španielsko]] [[sl:Španija]] [[sq:Spanja]] [[sr:Шпанија]] [[st:Spain]] [[sv:Spanien]] [[sw:Hispania]] [[ta:ஸ்பெயின்]] [[tet:España]] [[tg:Испониё]] [[th:ประเทศสเปน]] [[tl:Espanya]] [[to:Sepeni]] [[tpi:Spen]] [[tr:İspanya]] [[ty:Paniora]] [[udm:Испания]] [[ug:ئىسپانىيە]] [[uk:Іспанія]] [[ur:سپین]] [[vec:Spagna]] [[vi:Tây Ban Nha]] [[vo:Spanyän]] [[war:Espanya]] [[yi:שפאניע]] [[zh:西班牙]] [[zh-min-nan:Se-pan-gâ]] [[zh-yue:西班牙]] 9970 2006-12-14T10:54:14Z Escarbot 73 robot Modifie: [[ang:Spēonland]] '''Espania''' == Historia == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Historia ya Espania]]'' [[Image:Sp-map-es.png|thumb|310px|left|Espania]] == Politiki == ''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Politiki ya Espania]]'' == Jyografi == '''Ekakoli ya molayi: [[Jyografi ya Espania]]''' {{Bisé ya Eropa}} [[Category:Espania]] [[af:Spanje]] [[als:Spanien]] [[an:España]] [[ang:Spēonland]] [[ar:إسبانيا]] [[arc:ܐܣܦܢܝܐ]] [[ast:España]] [[az:İspaniya]] [[bat-smg:Ispanėjė]] [[be:Гішпанія]] [[bg:Испания]] [[bn:স্পেন]] [[br:Spagn]] [[bs:Španija]] [[ca:Espanya]] [[cbk-zam:España]] [[ceb:Espanya]] [[co:Spagna]] [[cs:Španělsko]] [[csb:Szpańskô]] [[cv:Испани]] [[cy:Sbaen]] [[da:Spanien]] [[de:Spanien]] [[dz:Spain]] [[el:Ισπανία]] [[en:Spain]] [[eo:Hispanio]] [[es:España]] [[et:Hispaania]] [[eu:Espainia]] [[fa:اسپانیا]] [[fi:Espanja]] [[fiu-vro:Hispaania]] [[fo:Spania]] [[fr:Espagne]] [[frp:Èspagne]] [[fur:Spagne]] [[fy:Spanje]] [[ga:An Spáinn]] [[gd:An Spàinn]] [[gl:España]] [[gn:Epaña]] [[gu:સ્પેઇન]] [[gv:Yn Spaainey]] [[haw:Sepania]] [[he:ספרד]] [[hi:स्पेन]] [[hr:Španjolska]] [[ht:Espay]] [[hu:Spanyolország]] [[hy:Իսպանիա]] [[ia:Espania]] [[id:Spanyol]] [[ilo:Espania]] [[io:Hispania]] [[is:Spánn]] [[it:Spagna]] [[ja:スペイン]] [[jbo:sangu'e]] [[ka:ესპანეთი]] [[ko:에스파냐]] [[ks:Spēna]] [[ku:Spanya]] [[kw:Spayn]] [[la:Hispania]] [[lad:Espanya]] [[lb:Spuenien]] [[li:Spanje]] [[lt:Ispanija]] [[lv:Spānija]] [[mg:Espaina]] [[mi:Pāniora]] [[mk:Шпанија]] [[mr:स्पेन]] [[ms:Sepanyol]] [[mt:Spanja]] [[na:Pain]] [[nah:Caxtillān]] [[nds:Spanien]] [[nds-nl:Spanje]] [[ne:स्पेन]] [[nl:Spanje]] [[nn:Spania]] [[no:Spania]] [[nrm:Espangne]] [[oc:Espanha]] [[os:Испани]] [[pam:Espanya]] [[pl:Hiszpania]] [[pms:Spagna]] [[ps:اسپانيا]] [[pt:Espanha]] [[qu:Ispaña]] [[rm:Spagna]] [[ro:Spania]] [[roa-rup:Ispania]] [[ru:Испания]] [[ru-sib:Еспання]] [[sc:Ispagna]] [[scn:Spagna]] [[sco:Spain]] [[se:Spánia]] [[sh:Španija]] [[simple:Spain]] [[sk:Španielsko]] [[sl:Španija]] [[sq:Spanja]] [[sr:Шпанија]] [[st:Spain]] [[sv:Spanien]] [[sw:Hispania]] [[ta:ஸ்பெயின்]] [[tet:España]] [[tg:Испониё]] [[th:ประเทศสเปน]] [[tl:Espanya]] [[to:Sepeni]] [[tpi:Spen]] [[tr:İspanya]] [[ty:Paniora]] [[udm:Испания]] [[ug:ئىسپانىيە]] [[uk:Іспанія]] [[ur:سپین]] [[vec:Spagna]] [[vi:Tây Ban Nha]] [[vo:Spanyän]] [[war:Espanya]] [[yi:שפאניע]] [[zh:西班牙]] [[zh-min-nan:Se-pan-gâ]] [[zh-yue:西班牙]] Denis Sassou N’Guesso 2318 8457 2006-06-19T14:21:31Z Moyogo 11 Denis {{smcp|Sassou}} Nguesso ezalí [[Mokambi-Ekólo]] na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. {{ndámbo}} 8458 2006-06-19T14:28:11Z Moyogo 11 [[Denis Sassou Nguesso]] moved to [[Denis Sassou N’Guesso]]: n syllabique Denis {{smcp|Sassou}} Nguesso ezalí [[Mokambi-Ekólo]] na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. {{ndámbo}} 8460 2006-06-19T14:32:30Z Moyogo 11 '''Denis {{smcp|Sassou}} N’Guesso''' ('''Deni Sasu N’gweso''' na lokóta ya [[lingála]]) ezalí [[Mokambi-Ekólo]] na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] 8461 2006-06-19T14:41:26Z Moyogo 11 '''Denis {{smcp|Sassou}} N’guesso''' ('''Deni Sasu N’gweso''' na lokóta ya [[lingála]]) ezalí [[Mokambi-Ekólo]] na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] 8976 2006-07-31T16:19:01Z Moyogo 11 '''Denis {{smcp|Sassou}} N’Guesso''' ('''Deni {{smcp|Sasu}} N’Gweso''' na lokóta ya [[lingála]]) ezalí [[Mokambi-Ekólo]] na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] 8988 2006-08-01T14:38:43Z Saforrest 80 interwiki '''Denis {{smcp|Sassou}} N’Guesso''' ('''Deni {{smcp|Sasu}} N’Gweso''' na lokóta ya [[lingála]]) ezalí [[Mokambi-Ekólo]] na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] [[ar:ديني ساسو نغيسو]] [[de:Denis Sassou-Nguesso]] [[en:Denis Sassou-Nguesso]] [[fr:Denis Sassou-Nguesso]] [[gl:Dennis Sassou-Nguesso]] [[id:Denis Sassou-Nguesso]] [[hu:Denis Sassou-Nguesso]] [[nl:Dennis Sassou-Nguesso]] [[ja:ドニ・サスヌゲソ]] [[no:Denis Sassou-Nguesso]] [[pl:Denis Sassou-Nguesso]] [[pt:Denis Sassou-Nguesso]] [[zh:德尼·萨苏-恩格索]] 8989 2006-08-01T14:41:06Z Saforrest 80 image [[Image:Denis Sassou Nguesso, G8.jpg|right|200px|Denis Sassou N’Guesso, G8]] '''Denis {{smcp|Sassou}} N’Guesso''' ('''Deni {{smcp|Sasu}} N’Gweso''' na lokóta ya [[lingála]]) ezalí [[Mokambi-Ekólo]] na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] [[ar:ديني ساسو نغيسو]] [[de:Denis Sassou-Nguesso]] [[en:Denis Sassou-Nguesso]] [[fr:Denis Sassou-Nguesso]] [[gl:Dennis Sassou-Nguesso]] [[id:Denis Sassou-Nguesso]] [[hu:Denis Sassou-Nguesso]] [[nl:Dennis Sassou-Nguesso]] [[ja:ドニ・サスヌゲソ]] [[no:Denis Sassou-Nguesso]] [[pl:Denis Sassou-Nguesso]] [[pt:Denis Sassou-Nguesso]] [[zh:德尼·萨苏-恩格索]] 8999 2006-08-02T05:31:05Z YurikBot 76 robot Modifie: [[en:Denis Sassou Nguesso]] [[Image:Denis Sassou Nguesso, G8.jpg|right|200px|Denis Sassou N’Guesso, G8]] '''Denis {{smcp|Sassou}} N’Guesso''' ('''Deni {{smcp|Sasu}} N’Gweso''' na lokóta ya [[lingála]]) ezalí [[Mokambi-Ekólo]] na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] [[ar:ديني ساسو نغيسو]] [[de:Denis Sassou-Nguesso]] [[en:Denis Sassou Nguesso]] [[fr:Denis Sassou-Nguesso]] [[gl:Dennis Sassou-Nguesso]] [[hu:Denis Sassou-Nguesso]] [[id:Denis Sassou-Nguesso]] [[ja:ドニ・サスヌゲソ]] [[nl:Dennis Sassou-Nguesso]] [[no:Denis Sassou-Nguesso]] [[pl:Denis Sassou-Nguesso]] [[pt:Denis Sassou-Nguesso]] [[zh:德尼·萨苏-恩格索]] 9109 2006-08-15T10:46:20Z 85.27.7.219 [[Image:Denis Sassou Nguesso, G8.jpg|right|200px|Denis Sassou N’Guesso, G8]] '''Denis {{smcp|Sassou}} N’Guesso''' ('''Deni {{smcp|Sasu}} Ngweso''' na lokóta ya [[lingála]]) ezalí [[Mokambi-Ekólo]] na [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] [[ar:ديني ساسو نغيسو]] [[de:Denis Sassou-Nguesso]] [[en:Denis Sassou Nguesso]] [[fr:Denis Sassou-Nguesso]] [[gl:Dennis Sassou-Nguesso]] [[hu:Denis Sassou-Nguesso]] [[id:Denis Sassou-Nguesso]] [[ja:ドニ・サスヌゲソ]] [[nl:Dennis Sassou-Nguesso]] [[no:Denis Sassou-Nguesso]] [[pl:Denis Sassou-Nguesso]] [[pt:Denis Sassou-Nguesso]] [[zh:德尼·萨苏-恩格索]] Denis Sassou Nguesso 2319 8459 2006-06-19T14:28:11Z Moyogo 11 [[Denis Sassou Nguesso]] moved to [[Denis Sassou N’Guesso]]: n syllabique #REDIRECT [[Denis Sassou N’Guesso]] Category:Nkotá ya Afrika 2320 8468 2006-06-20T08:11:42Z 160.85.2.50 cat [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:Afrika]] 8990 2006-08-01T14:42:38Z Saforrest 80 interwiki [[Category:Lokótá]] [[Category:Afrika]] [[de:Kategorie:Afrikanische Sprache]] [[en:Category:Languages of Africa]] [[eu:Kategoria:Afrikar hizkuntzak]] [[pt:Categoria:Línguas africanas]] [[fi:Luokka:Afrikan kielet]] [[ja:Category:アフリカの言語]] Lokótá ya Nizer-Kongo 2321 8471 2006-06-20T08:14:06Z 160.85.2.50 cat [[Category:Nkotá ya Afrika]] 9459 2006-10-11T21:25:40Z 84.75.123.252 [[Image:Niger-Congo.png|right|300px|thumb|Répartition des langues nigéro-congolaises]] Die Familie der '''Nkotá ya Nizer-Kongo''' ist eine der vier anerkannten afrikanischen Sprachfamilien und setzt sich aus folgenden Sprachgruppen zusammen: * Niger-Kongo ** [[Nkotá ya ##Atlantique ]] ** [[Nkotá ya Mande]] ** [[Nkotá ya Volta-Kongo]] *** [[Nkotá ya Benué-Kongo]] **** [[Nkotá ya Babantu]] *** [[Nkotá ya Kru]] *** [[Nkotá ya Kwa]] *** [[Nkotá ya Gur]] *** [[Nkotá ya Adamawa-Ubangi]] *** [[Nkotá ya Dogon]] * [[Nkotá ya Kordofan]] Zu den '''Nkotá ya Nizer-Kongo''' gehören: * [[Kiswahili]] * [[Shona]] * [[Wolof]] (Senegal) * [[Yoruba]] (Nigeria) * [[Zulu]] In einigen Klassifikationen wurde die Familie der Niger-Kongo-Sprachen auch als ''Nkotá ya Nizer-Kordofan'' bezeichnet. [[Category:Nkotá ya Afrika]] [[af:Niger-Kongo tale]] [[ar:نيجيرية كونغولية]] [[br:Yezhoù nigerek-kongoek]] [[ca:Llengües nigerocongoleses]] [[de:Niger-Kongo-Sprachen]] [[en:Niger-Congo languages]] [[es:Lenguas níger-congo]] [[fa:زبان‌های نیجرکنگو]] [[fi:Nigeriläis-kongolaiset kielet]] [[fr:Langues nigéro-congolaises]] [[hr:Nigersko-kongoanski jezici]] [[it:Lingue niger-kordofaniane]] [[ko:니제르콩고어족]] [[lt:Nigerio-Kongo kalbos]] [[nl:Niger-Congotalen]] [[nn:Niger-kongo-språk]] [[pt:Línguas nigero-congolesas]] [[ru:Нигеро-конголезские языки]] [[sv:Niger-Kongospråk]] [[ta:நைகர்-கொங்கோ மொழிகள்]] [[zh:尼日尔-刚果语系]] Zaire (bokokani) 2322 8472 2006-06-20T08:27:06Z 160.85.2.50 {{Bokokani}} [[Image:Congo-Brazzaville-Congo-Kinshasa.png|right]] * '''Zaire''' (leta) tala [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] mpé [[Zaire]] (historia) * '''ebale Zaire''' tala [[ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]] * [[Zaire (Mosɔlɔ)|'''Zaire''']] Mosɔlɔ ya Zaire (leta) * [[Zaire (Bitúká)|'''Zaire''']] Bitúká bya Angola [[da:Zaïre]] [[en:Zaire (disambiguation)]] [[fr:Zaïre (homonymie)]] [[nl:Zaïre]] [[pl:Zair]] [[pt:Zaire (desambiguação)]] Grippe ya ndeke 2323 8475 2006-06-25T19:22:07Z Bombo 12 95% lingála, 5% lifalansé (pardon) [[Image:Influenza A - late passage.jpg|thumb|250px|'''Influenza A''' au microscope électronique<small><br />(Source: Dr. Erskine Palmer, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Public Health Image Library).</small>]] '''Grippe ya ndeke''' (to '''grippe ya Avian''') ezali [[grippe]] moko eye ezuaka surtout ba [[ndeke]] ya zamba mpe ya mboka. Ekoki kupanzana noki noki mpenza na kati ya bandeke na bopesi [[bokono]] mpe liwa, surtout na kati ya ba ferme ya ba soso to na kati ya nzando oyo ezali kotiya ba soso oyo ezali na bumoyi ebele esika moko. Bandeke to basoso eye ezali na bukono ebombaka ba virus ya grippe na kati ya soi na bango, na mai ya zolo mpe na soi eye ezali kokweya, yango nde epanzaka virus eye na kati ya ba plumes ya bandeke to basoso. Sorte ya mabe ya grippe ya ndeke (eye epesami na [[virus]] '''H5N1''') ezali esika oyo kozua ba ndeke (surtout ba soso mpe mabata na ba ndeke ya zamba mosusu) na kati ya [[Asie]] na [[Eropa]] (tala: http://www.who.int mpo na liste ya ba regions eye ezali na bokono bwango). [[Image:H5N1.JPG|thumb|left|Photographie electromicroscopique ya '''H5N1''' (Virus coloré en or)]] Na mikolo oyo ewuti koleka, virus H5N1 epanzamaki na kati ya bato mpe epesi bokono mabe na kati ya bato mwa muke baye bazalaki na contact na bandeke eye ezalaki na bokono yango. Pembeni ya moitie ya bato oyo bazuaki bokono basilaki kokufa. Nata moto moko te asili kozua bono oyo na kati ya Kɔ́ngɔ. Na tango ya lelo (''yúni 2006''), ata cas moko te ya moto apesi moto mosusu virus eye. Ata ko ekoti na contact na ba ndeke eye ezali na bokono eye, bandeke ya bomoyi to ekufa, risque ya kozua grippe ya ndeke ezali moke mpenza. Na mikolo ya lelo, restriction ezali te mpo na ko voyager to kokende na ba mboka oyo ezali affecte. Ba voyageurs basengeli koyeba ba risque mpe kolanda ba conseil epesami na wikipedia. ==Soki ozali ko kende na mboka oyo ezali na bokono== [[Image:BirdFluWorld feb 15 2006 2.png|thumb|right|250px|Les pays touchés par la grippe aviaire le 11 février 2006. En orange, les cas humains et animaux. En jaune, les cas animaux seulement.]] Soki ozali ko visiter ba boka eye eyabani ezali na ''grippe ya ndeke'' H5N1 na kati ya ba ndeke to ba soso, esengeli olanda ba mesures eye elandi: *ko kende ko visiter te ba ferme ya ba ndeke to ba soso to ba zando; *tika to simba to kovanda pembeni na ba soso to ba ndeke eye ezali na bomoi to ekufa; *kolia te ba ndeke to ba soso oyo eza ya mobesu to elambami malamu te; *kolia te ba produits ya mobesu to eye elambami malamu te y compris makila; *sokola maboko mbala mingi na sabuni mpe na mai. Soki ezali na contact na ba ndeke to ba soso ya bomoyi to ekufa na kati ya bamboka eye eyebami ezali na bokono eye, esengeli oyeba ba symptomes ya grippe ya ndeke okati ya bato. Ba symptomes eye ezali ndeke moko na ba symptomes ya grippe ordinaire mpe ekoki kobima noki mpenza. Ba symptomes yango ezali: *[[fievre]] (temperature ya 38°C to koleka); *[[kosu kosu]]; *[[kosila mpema noki]]; *[[moto pasi]]; *[[gorge evimbi]]; *miso eteli/evimbi; *[[misisa pasi]]. Soki ozui ba symptomes eye na tango ozali na mboko mopaya, mpe ozalaki na contact na ba soso to ba ndeke ya bomoyi to ekufa esengeli omona [[dokotolo]] ya mboka eye ozali. ==Soki ozali kozonga na ba mboka eye ezali na bokono boye== Soki na sima ya mikolo sambo ya bolungui mboko eye ezali na bokono ete oyebi ete ozalaki na contact na ba ndeke to basoso ya bomoyi to ekufa, ozwi ba symptomes eye epesami na liste oyo na page ya liboso, ezali important ete yo: *oluka komono dokotolo immediatement; *o telephoner dokotolo na yo to yebisa ba symptomes na yo mpe histoire ya voyage eye owuti kosala; *olanda ba mateya oyo ba pesi yo. Ba kisi lokula aspirine, ibuprofen to paracetamol ekoki kosalisa na kokitisa ba symptomes. Landa ba mateya ya ba kisi. '''Kopesa te aspirine na bana baye bazali na moins de 16 ans.''' Lukula esengemi na infection respiratoire nyoso, esengeli olanda ba pratiques ya hygiene ya malamu: *kokanga zolo na yo na monoko na yo na tango ozali ko kosola to ko eternuer; *ko utiliser tissue kaka bala moko na tango ozali kokosola to ku eternuer mpe kubwaka yango na mbala moko mpe na ba soin nyoso; *kosokola maboko na yo mbala mingi na sabuni mpe na [[mai]]. [[category:Bokɔnɔ]] [[category:Maladi]] [[category:ndeke]] [[category:Nyama]] [[ar:إنفلونزا الطيور]] [[bg:Птичи грип]] [[ca:Grip aviària]] [[cs:Ptačí chřipka]] [[cy:Ffliw adar]] [[da:Fugleinfluenza]] [[de:Geflügelpest]] [[en:Influenzavirus A]] [[eo:Birda gripo]] [[es:Gripe aviaria]] [[fa:آنفلوآنزای مرغی]] [[fi:Lintuinfluenssa]] [[fr:Grippe aviaire]] [[gl:Gripe aviaria]] [[he:שפעת העופות]] [[hr:Ptičja gripa]] [[id:Flu burung]] [[it:Influenza aviaria]] [[ja:トリインフルエンザ]] [[ko:조류 독감]] [[ms:Selsema burung]] [[nl:Vogelpest]] [[nn:Fugleinfluensa]] [[no:Fugleinfluensa]] [[pl:Ptasia grypa]] [[pt:Gripe aviária]] [[ro:Gripă aviară]] [[ru:Птичий грипп]] [[sk:Vtáčia chrípka]] [[sl:Ptičja gripa]] [[sr:Птичји грип]] [[sv:Fågelinfluensa]] [[th:ไข้หวัดนก]] [[tl:Avian influenza]] [[tr:Kuş gribi]] [[uk:Грип пташиний]] [[vi:Cúm gia cầm]] [[wa:Pesse des poyes]] [[zh:禽流感]] [[zh-min-nan:Khîm-liû-kám]] Category:Ndeke 2324 8477 2006-06-25T19:28:38Z Bombo 12 [[Category:Nyama]] [[de:Kategorie:Vögel]] [[en:Category:Birds]] [[fr:Catégorie:Oiseau]] Lopital 2325 8482 2006-06-28T11:18:35Z Bombo 12 [[Lopital]] moved to [[Ndáko ya bokɔnɔ]]: http://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/nd%C3%A1ko #REDIRECT [[Ndáko ya bokɔnɔ]] Category:Bokɔnɔ 2326 8483 2006-06-28T11:22:04Z Bombo 12 cat [[Category:Móngana]] H 2327 8488 2006-06-30T13:47:56Z Ivo3 68 {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''{{{nom}}}'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:{{{symbole}}},{{{numéro}}}.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Propriétés générales |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | {{{haut}}}<br />↑<br />{{{symbole}}}<br />↓<br />{{{bas}}} | align=center | {{{précédent}}} ← {{{symbole}}} → {{{suivant}}} |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:{{{symbole}}}-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[tableau périodique des éléments|Table complète]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nom]] | {{{nom}}} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|{{ind|Z}}]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Symbole]] | {{ind|{{{numéro}}}}}{{{symbole}}} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | [[{{{série_chimique}}}]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Groupe]], [[période du tableau périodique|période]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|bloc]] | [[éléments du groupe {{{groupe}}}|{{{groupe}}}]], [[éléments de la période {{{période}}}|{{{période}}}]], [[éléments du bloc {{{bloc}}}|{{{bloc}}}]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masse volumique]] | {{{masse_volumique}}} [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m{{exp|3}}]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Dureté]] [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | {{{dureté}}} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Couleur]] | {{{couleur}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Propriétés atomiques |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masse atomique]] | {{{masse_atomique}}} [[unité de masse atomique|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Rayon atomique]]<br />(calc.) | {{{rayon_atomique}}} [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[rayon de covalence|Rayon de<br />covalence]] | {{{rayon_de_covalence}}} pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[rayon de van der Waals|Rayon de<br />van der Waals]] | {{{rayon_de_van_der_waals}}} pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | {{{configuration_électronique}}} |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électron]]s par<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | {{{électrons_par_niveau}}} |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état d'oxydation|États d'oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | {{{états_oxydation}}}<br />{{{oxyde}}} |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[{{{structure_cristalline}}}]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Propriétés physiques |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | {{{état}}} |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | {{{T_fusion}}} [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | {{{T_vaporisation}}} K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | {{{E_fusion}}} [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | {{{E_vaporisation}}} kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Volume molaire]] | {{{volume_molaire}}} [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | {{{pression_vapeur}}} |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | {{{vélocité}}} [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Divers |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | {{{électronégativité}}} |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | {{{capacité_calorique}}} [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | {{{cond_electrique}}} [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | {{{cond_thermique}}} [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1{{exp|er}} [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | {{{pot_ion_1}}} kJ/mol 8968 2006-07-25T09:02:37Z Bombo 12 {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''{{{nom}}}'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:{{{symbole}}},{{{numéro}}}.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Propriétés générales |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | {{{haut}}}<br />↑<br />{{{symbole}}}<br />↓<br />{{{bas}}} | align=center | {{{précédent}}} ← {{{symbole}}} → {{{suivant}}} |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:{{{symbole}}}-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[tableau périodique des éléments|Table complète]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nom]] | {{{nom}}} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|{{ind|Z}}]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Symbole]] | {{ind|{{{numéro}}}}}{{{symbole}}} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | [[{{{série_chimique}}}]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Groupe]], [[période du tableau périodique|période]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|bloc]] | [[éléments du groupe {{{groupe}}}|{{{groupe}}}]], [[éléments de la période {{{période}}}|{{{période}}}]], [[éléments du bloc {{{bloc}}}|{{{bloc}}}]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masse volumique]] | {{{masse_volumique}}} [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m{{exp|3}}]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Dureté]] [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | {{{dureté}}} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Couleur]] | {{{couleur}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Propriétés atomiques |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masse atomique]] | {{{masse_atomique}}} [[unité de masse atomique|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Rayon atomique]]<br />(calc.) | {{{rayon_atomique}}} [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[rayon de covalence|Rayon de<br />covalence]] | {{{rayon_de_covalence}}} pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[rayon de van der Waals|Rayon de<br />van der Waals]] | {{{rayon_de_van_der_waals}}} pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | {{{configuration_électronique}}} |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électron]]s par<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | {{{électrons_par_niveau}}} |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état d'oxydation|États d'oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | {{{états_oxydation}}}<br />{{{oxyde}}} |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[{{{structure_cristalline}}}]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Propriétés physiques |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | {{{état}}} |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | {{{T_fusion}}} [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | {{{T_vaporisation}}} K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | {{{E_fusion}}} [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | {{{E_vaporisation}}} kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Volume molaire]] | {{{volume_molaire}}} [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | {{{pression_vapeur}}} |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | {{{vélocité}}} [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Divers |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | {{{électronégativité}}} |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | {{{capacité_calorique}}} [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | {{{cond_electrique}}} [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | {{{cond_thermique}}} [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1{{exp|er}} [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | {{{pot_ion_1}}} kJ/mol [[Category:Kémi]] Idrojɛ́ní 2328 8489 2006-06-30T14:00:02Z Ivo3 68 {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''{{{nom}}}'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:{{{symbole}}},{{{numéro}}}.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Propriétés générales |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | {{{haut}}}<br />↑<br />{{{symbole}}}<br />↓<br />{{{bas}}} | align=center | {{{précédent}}} ← {{{symbole}}} → {{{suivant}}} |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:{{{symbole}}}-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[tableau périodique des éléments|Table complète]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nom]] | {{{nom}}} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|{{ind|Z}}]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Symbole]] | {{ind|{{{numéro}}}}}{{{symbole}}} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | [[{{{série_chimique}}}]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Groupe]], [[période du tableau périodique|période]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|bloc]] | [[éléments du groupe {{{groupe}}}|{{{groupe}}}]], [[éléments de la période {{{période}}}|{{{période}}}]], [[éléments du bloc {{{bloc}}}|{{{bloc}}}]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masse volumique]] | {{{masse_volumique}}} [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m{{exp|3}}]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Dureté]] [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | {{{dureté}}} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Couleur]] | {{{couleur}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Propriétés atomiques |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masse atomique]] | {{{masse_atomique}}} [[unité de masse atomique|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Rayon atomique]]<br />(calc.) | {{{rayon_atomique}}} [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[rayon de covalence|Rayon de<br />covalence]] | {{{rayon_de_covalence}}} pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[rayon de van der Waals|Rayon de<br />van der Waals]] | {{{rayon_de_van_der_waals}}} pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | {{{configuration_électronique}}} |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électron]]s par<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | {{{électrons_par_niveau}}} |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état d'oxydation|États d'oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | {{{états_oxydation}}}<br />{{{oxyde}}} |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[{{{structure_cristalline}}}]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Propriétés physiques |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | {{{état}}} |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | {{{T_fusion}}} [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | {{{T_vaporisation}}} K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | {{{E_fusion}}} [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | {{{E_vaporisation}}} kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Volume molaire]] | {{{volume_molaire}}} [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | {{{pression_vapeur}}} |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | {{{vélocité}}} [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Divers |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | {{{électronégativité}}} |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | {{{capacité_calorique}}} [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | {{{cond_electrique}}} [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | {{{cond_thermique}}} [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1{{exp|er}} [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | {{{pot_ion_1}}} kJ/mol 8490 2006-06-30T15:58:10Z Ivo3 68 {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Idrojɛ́ní'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:H%2C1.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Propriétés générales |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />H<br />↓<br />Li | align=center | - ← H → He |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:H-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Idrojɛ́ní |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>1</sub>H |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 1|1]], [[éléments de la période 1|1]], [[éléments du bloc s|s]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masse volumique]] | 0,0899 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | — |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Ezate |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Propriétés atomiques |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 1,00794 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 25 (53) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 37 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 120 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | 1s<sup>1</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | {{{électrons_par_niveau}}} |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état d'oxydation|États d'oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | {{{états_oxydation}}}<br />{{{oxyde}}} |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[{{{structure_cristalline}}}]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Propriétés physiques |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | {{{état}}} |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | {{{T_fusion}}} [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | {{{T_vaporisation}}} K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | {{{E_fusion}}} [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | {{{E_vaporisation}}} kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Volume molaire]] | {{{volume_molaire}}} [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | {{{pression_vapeur}}} |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | {{{vélocité}}} [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Divers |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | {{{électronégativité}}} |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | {{{capacité_calorique}}} [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | {{{cond_electrique}}} [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | {{{cond_thermique}}} [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1{{exp|er}} [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | {{{pot_ion_1}}} kJ/mol 8491 2006-06-30T17:09:26Z Ivo3 68 {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Idrojɛ́ní'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:H%2C1.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Propriétés générales |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />H<br />↓<br />Li | align=center | - ← H → He |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:H-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Idrojɛ́ní |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>1</sub>H |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 1|1]], [[éléments de la période 1|1]], [[éléments du bloc s|s]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 0,0899 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | — |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Ezate |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Propriétés atomiques |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 1,00794 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 25 (53) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 37 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 120 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | 1s<sup>1</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 1 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | 1<br />amfoter |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[Exagonal]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Propriétés physiques |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | Gaz |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 14,025 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 20,268 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 0,05868 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 0,44936 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 11,42×10<sup>-3</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | 209 [[Pascal|Pa]] na 23 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 1 270 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Divers |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 2,2 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 14 304 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | — [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | 0,1815 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1 312 kJ/mol 8492 2006-06-30T17:24:49Z Ivo3 68 {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Idrojɛ́ní'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:H%2C1.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />H<br />↓<br />Li | align=center | - ← H → He |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:H-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Idrojɛ́ní |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>1</sub>H |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 1|1]], [[éléments de la période 1|1]], [[éléments du bloc s|s]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 0,0899 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | — |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Ezate |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 1,00794 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 25 (53) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 37 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 120 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | 1s<sup>1</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 1 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | 1<br />amfoter |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[Exagonal]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fiziki |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | Gaz |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 14,025 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 20,268 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 0,05868 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 0,44936 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 11,42×10<sup>-3</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | 209 [[Pascal|Pa]] na 23 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 1 270 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 2,2 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 14 304 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | — [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | 0,1815 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1 312 kJ/mol 8493 2006-06-30T17:33:23Z Ivo3 68 {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Idrojɛ́ní'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:H%2C1.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />H<br />↓<br />Li | align=center | - ← H → He |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:H-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Idrojɛ́ní |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>1</sub>H |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 1|1]], [[éléments de la période 1|1]], [[éléments du bloc s|s]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 0,0899 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | — |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Ezate |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 1,00794 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 25 (53) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 37 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 120 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | 1s<sup>1</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 1 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | 1<br />amfoter |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[Exagonal]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | Gaz |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 14,025 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 20,268 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 0,05868 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 0,44936 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 11,42×10<sup>-3</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | 209 [[Pascal|Pa]] na 23 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 1 270 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 2,2 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 14 304 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | — [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | 0,1815 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1 312 kJ/mol 8498 2006-06-30T19:08:39Z Ivo3 68 {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Idrojɛ́ní'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:H%2C1.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />H<br />↓<br />Li | align=center | - ← H → He |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:H-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Idrojɛ́ní |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>1</sub>H |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 1|1]], [[éléments de la période 1|1]], [[éléments du bloc s|s]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 0,0899 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | — |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Ezate |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 1,00794 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 25 (53) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 37 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 120 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | 1s<sup>1</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 1 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | 1<br />amfoter |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[Exagonal]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | Gaz |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 14,025 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 20,268 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 0,05868 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 0,44936 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 11,42×10<sup>-3</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | 209 [[Pascal|Pa]] na 23 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 1 270 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 2,2 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 14 304 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | — [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | 0,1815 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1 312 kJ/mol !Isotope |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope<sup>1</sup>H | an='''99,985''' | n=0 |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope<sup>2</sup>H | an=0,015 | n=1 |- valign=top |isotope instable | isotope<sup>3</sup>H | an=[[radioisotope synthétique|''syn.'']] | pr=12,33 a |- valign=top | md=[[désintégration β|β<sup>-</sup>]] | ed=0,019 | pd=<sup>3</sup>[[hélium|He]] |- valign=top |isotope instable | isotope=<sup>4</sup>H | an=''syn.''| pr=? | md=[[émission de netron|n]] | ed=2,980 | pd=<sup>3</sup>[[tritium|H]] [[af:Waterstof]] [[ar:هيدروجين]] [[ast:Hidróxenu]] [[be:Вадарод]] [[bg:Водород]] [[ca:Hidrogen]] [[cs:Vodík]] [[cy:Hydrogen]] [[da:Brint]] [[de:Wasserstoff]] [[el:Υδρογόνο]] [[en:Hydrogen]] [[eo:Hidrogeno]] [[es:Hidrógeno]] [[et:Vesinik]] [[eu:Hidrogeno]] [[fa:هیدروژن]] [[fi:Vety]] [[ga:Hidrigin]] [[gd:Haidreagain]] [[gl:Hidróxeno (elemento)]] [[gu:હાઈડ્રોજન]] [[he:מימן]] [[hr:Vodik]] [[hu:Hidrogén]] [[ia:Hydrogeno]] [[id:Hidrogen]] [[io:Hidrogeno]] [[is:Vetni]] [[it:Idrogeno]] [[ja:水素]] [[jbo:cidro]] [[ka:წყალბადი]] [[ko:수소]] [[ku:Hîdrojen]] [[la:Hydrogenium]] [[li:Waterstof]] [[lt:Vandenilis]] [[lv:Ūdeņradis]] [[mi:Hauwai]] [[mk:Водород]] [[ms:Hidrogen]] [[nds:Waterstoff]] [[nl:Waterstof]] [[nn:Hydrogen]] [[no:Hydrogen]] [[oc:Idrogèn]] [[pl:Wodór]] [[pt:Hidrogénio]] [[ro:Hidrogen]] [[ru:Водород]] [[sh:Vodik]] [[simple:Hydrogen]] [[sk:Vodík]] [[sl:Vodik]] [[sr:Водоник]] [[sv:Väte]] [[ta:ஹைட்ரஜன்]] [[th:ไฮโดรเจน]] [[tl:Idroheno]] [[tr:Hidrojen]] [[ug:ھىدروگېن]] [[uk:Водень]] [[vi:Hiđrô]] [[wa:Idrodjinne]] [[zh:氢]] [[zh-yue:氫]] 8683 2006-07-01T18:59:25Z Bombo 12 [[Category:Kémi]] [[Category:Kémi]] cat {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Idrojɛ́ní'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:H%2C1.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />H<br />↓<br />Li | align=center | - ← H → He |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:H-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Idrojɛ́ní |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>1</sub>H |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 1|1]], [[éléments de la période 1|1]], [[éléments du bloc s|s]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 0,0899 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | — |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Ezate |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 1,00794 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 25 (53) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 37 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 120 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | 1s<sup>1</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 1 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | 1<br />amfoter |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[Exagonal]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | Gaz |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 14,025 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 20,268 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 0,05868 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 0,44936 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 11,42×10<sup>-3</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | 209 [[Pascal|Pa]] na 23 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 1 270 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 2,2 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 14 304 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | — [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | 0,1815 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1 312 kJ/mol !Isotope |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope<sup>1</sup>H | an='''99,985''' | n=0 |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope<sup>2</sup>H | an=0,015 | n=1 |- valign=top |isotope instable | isotope<sup>3</sup>H | an=[[radioisotope synthétique|''syn.'']] | pr=12,33 a |- valign=top | md=[[désintégration β|β<sup>-</sup>]] | ed=0,019 | pd=<sup>3</sup>[[hélium|He]] |- valign=top |isotope instable | isotope=<sup>4</sup>H | an=''syn.''| pr=? | md=[[émission de netron|n]] | ed=2,980 | pd=<sup>3</sup>[[tritium|H]] [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Waterstof]] [[ar:هيدروجين]] [[ast:Hidróxenu]] [[be:Вадарод]] [[bg:Водород]] [[ca:Hidrogen]] [[cs:Vodík]] [[cy:Hydrogen]] [[da:Brint]] [[de:Wasserstoff]] [[el:Υδρογόνο]] [[en:Hydrogen]] [[eo:Hidrogeno]] [[es:Hidrógeno]] [[et:Vesinik]] [[eu:Hidrogeno]] [[fa:هیدروژن]] [[fi:Vety]] [[ga:Hidrigin]] [[gd:Haidreagain]] [[gl:Hidróxeno (elemento)]] [[gu:હાઈડ્રોજન]] [[he:מימן]] [[hr:Vodik]] [[hu:Hidrogén]] [[ia:Hydrogeno]] [[id:Hidrogen]] [[io:Hidrogeno]] [[is:Vetni]] [[it:Idrogeno]] [[ja:水素]] [[jbo:cidro]] [[ka:წყალბადი]] [[ko:수소]] [[ku:Hîdrojen]] [[la:Hydrogenium]] [[li:Waterstof]] [[lt:Vandenilis]] [[lv:Ūdeņradis]] [[mi:Hauwai]] [[mk:Водород]] [[ms:Hidrogen]] [[nds:Waterstoff]] [[nl:Waterstof]] [[nn:Hydrogen]] [[no:Hydrogen]] [[oc:Idrogèn]] [[pl:Wodór]] [[pt:Hidrogénio]] [[ro:Hidrogen]] [[ru:Водород]] [[sh:Vodik]] [[simple:Hydrogen]] [[sk:Vodík]] [[sl:Vodik]] [[sr:Водоник]] [[sv:Väte]] [[ta:ஹைட்ரஜன்]] [[th:ไฮโดรเจน]] [[tl:Idroheno]] [[tr:Hidrojen]] [[ug:ھىدروگېن]] [[uk:Водень]] [[vi:Hiđrô]] [[wa:Idrodjinne]] [[zh:氢]] [[zh-yue:氫]] 8720 2006-07-02T15:39:34Z Ivo3 68 {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Idrojɛ́ní'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:H%2C1.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />H<br />↓<br />Li | align=center | - ← H → He |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:H-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Idrojɛ́ní |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>1</sub>H |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 1|1]], [[éléments de la période 1|1]], [[éléments du bloc s|s]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 0,0899 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | — |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Ezate |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 1,00794 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 25 (53) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 37 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 120 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | 1s<sup>1</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 1 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | 1<br />amfoter |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[Exagonal]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | Gaz |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 14,025 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 20,268 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 0,05868 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 0,44936 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 11,42×10<sup>-3</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | 209 [[Pascal|Pa]] na 23 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 1 270 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 2,2 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 14 304 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | — [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | 0,1815 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1 312 kJ/mol !Isotope |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope<sup>1</sup>H | an='''99,985''' | n=0 |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope<sup>2</sup>H | an=0,015 | n=1 |- valign=top |isotope instable | isotope<sup>3</sup>H | an=[[radioisotope synthétique|''syn.'']] | pr=12,33 a |- valign=top | md=[[désintégration β|β<sup>-</sup>]] | ed=0,019 | pd=<sup>3</sup>[[hélium|He]] |- valign=top |isotope instable | isotope=<sup>4</sup>H | an=''syn.''| pr=? | md=[[émission de netron|n]] | ed=2,980 | pd=<sup>3</sup>[[tritium|H]] [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Waterstof]] [[ar:هيدروجين]] [[ast:Hidróxenu]] [[be:Вадарод]] [[bg:Водород]] [[ca:Hidrogen]] [[cs:Vodík]] [[cy:Hydrogen]] [[da:Brint]] [[de:Wasserstoff]] [[el:Υδρογόνο]] [[en:Hydrogen]] [[eo:Hidrogeno]] [[es:Hidrógeno]] [[et:Vesinik]] [[eu:Hidrogeno]] [[fr:Hydrogene]] [[fa:هیدروژن]] [[fi:Vety]] [[ga:Hidrigin]] [[gd:Haidreagain]] [[gl:Hidróxeno (elemento)]] [[gu:હાઈડ્રોજન]] [[he:מימן]] [[hr:Vodik]] [[hu:Hidrogén]] [[ia:Hydrogeno]] [[id:Hidrogen]] [[io:Hidrogeno]] [[is:Vetni]] [[it:Idrogeno]] [[ja:水素]] [[jbo:cidro]] [[ka:წყალბადი]] [[ko:수소]] [[ku:Hîdrojen]] [[la:Hydrogenium]] [[li:Waterstof]] [[lt:Vandenilis]] [[lv:Ūdeņradis]] [[mi:Hauwai]] [[mk:Водород]] [[ms:Hidrogen]] [[nds:Waterstoff]] [[nl:Waterstof]] [[nn:Hydrogen]] [[no:Hydrogen]] [[oc:Idrogèn]] [[pl:Wodór]] [[pt:Hidrogénio]] [[ro:Hidrogen]] [[ru:Водород]] [[sh:Vodik]] [[simple:Hydrogen]] [[sk:Vodík]] [[sl:Vodik]] [[sr:Водоник]] [[sv:Väte]] [[ta:ஹைட்ரஜன்]] [[th:ไฮโดรเจน]] [[tl:Idroheno]] [[tr:Hidrojen]] [[ug:ھىدروگېن]] [[uk:Водень]] [[vi:Hiđrô]] [[wa:Idrodjinne]] [[zh:氢]] [[zh-yue:氫]] 9031 2006-08-02T06:00:56Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: bn, bs, scn, ur Modifie: fr {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Idrojɛ́ní'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:H%2C1.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />H<br />↓<br />Li | align=center | - ← H → He |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:H-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Idrojɛ́ní |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>1</sub>H |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 1|1]], [[éléments de la période 1|1]], [[éléments du bloc s|s]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 0,0899 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | — |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Ezate |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 1,00794 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 25 (53) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 37 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 120 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | 1s<sup>1</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 1 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | 1<br />amfoter |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[Exagonal]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | Gaz |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 14,025 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 20,268 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 0,05868 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 0,44936 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 11,42×10<sup>-3</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | 209 [[Pascal|Pa]] na 23 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 1 270 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 2,2 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 14 304 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | — [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | 0,1815 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1 312 kJ/mol !Isotope |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope<sup>1</sup>H | an='''99,985''' | n=0 |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope<sup>2</sup>H | an=0,015 | n=1 |- valign=top |isotope instable | isotope<sup>3</sup>H | an=[[radioisotope synthétique|''syn.'']] | pr=12,33 a |- valign=top | md=[[désintégration β|β<sup>-</sup>]] | ed=0,019 | pd=<sup>3</sup>[[hélium|He]] |- valign=top |isotope instable | isotope=<sup>4</sup>H | an=''syn.''| pr=? | md=[[émission de netron|n]] | ed=2,980 | pd=<sup>3</sup>[[tritium|H]] [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Waterstof]] [[ar:هيدروجين]] [[ast:Hidróxenu]] [[be:Вадарод]] [[bg:Водород]] [[bn:হাইড্রোজেন]] [[bs:Hidrogen]] [[ca:Hidrogen]] [[cs:Vodík]] [[cy:Hydrogen]] [[da:Brint]] [[de:Wasserstoff]] [[el:Υδρογόνο]] [[en:Hydrogen]] [[eo:Hidrogeno]] [[es:Hidrógeno]] [[et:Vesinik]] [[eu:Hidrogeno]] [[fa:هیدروژن]] [[fi:Vety]] [[fr:Hydrogène]] [[ga:Hidrigin]] [[gd:Haidreagain]] [[gl:Hidróxeno (elemento)]] [[gu:હાઈડ્રોજન]] [[he:מימן]] [[hr:Vodik]] [[hu:Hidrogén]] [[ia:Hydrogeno]] [[id:Hidrogen]] [[io:Hidrogeno]] [[is:Vetni]] [[it:Idrogeno]] [[ja:水素]] [[jbo:cidro]] [[ka:წყალბადი]] [[ko:수소]] [[ku:Hîdrojen]] [[la:Hydrogenium]] [[li:Waterstof]] [[lt:Vandenilis]] [[lv:Ūdeņradis]] [[mi:Hauwai]] [[mk:Водород]] [[ms:Hidrogen]] [[nds:Waterstoff]] [[nl:Waterstof]] [[nn:Hydrogen]] [[no:Hydrogen]] [[oc:Idrogèn]] [[pl:Wodór]] [[pt:Hidrogénio]] [[ro:Hidrogen]] [[ru:Водород]] [[scn:Idrògginu]] [[sh:Vodik]] [[simple:Hydrogen]] [[sk:Vodík]] [[sl:Vodik]] [[sr:Водоник]] [[sv:Väte]] [[ta:ஹைட்ரஜன்]] [[th:ไฮโดรเจน]] [[tl:Idroheno]] [[tr:Hidrojen]] [[ug:ھىدروگېن]] [[uk:Водень]] [[ur:آبگر]] [[vi:Hiđrô]] [[wa:Idrodjinne]] [[zh:氢]] [[zh-yue:氫]] 9179 2006-08-27T10:20:58Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[uz:Vodorod]], [[zh-min-nan:H (goân-sò͘)]] {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Idrojɛ́ní'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:H%2C1.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />H<br />↓<br />Li | align=center | - ← H → He |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:H-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Idrojɛ́ní |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>1</sub>H |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 1|1]], [[éléments de la période 1|1]], [[éléments du bloc s|s]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 0,0899 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | — |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Ezate |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 1,00794 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 25 (53) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 37 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 120 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | 1s<sup>1</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 1 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | 1<br />amfoter |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[Exagonal]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | Gaz |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 14,025 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 20,268 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 0,05868 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 0,44936 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 11,42×10<sup>-3</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | 209 [[Pascal|Pa]] na 23 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 1 270 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 2,2 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 14 304 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | — [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | 0,1815 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1 312 kJ/mol !Isotope |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope<sup>1</sup>H | an='''99,985''' | n=0 |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope<sup>2</sup>H | an=0,015 | n=1 |- valign=top |isotope instable | isotope<sup>3</sup>H | an=[[radioisotope synthétique|''syn.'']] | pr=12,33 a |- valign=top | md=[[désintégration β|β<sup>-</sup>]] | ed=0,019 | pd=<sup>3</sup>[[hélium|He]] |- valign=top |isotope instable | isotope=<sup>4</sup>H | an=''syn.''| pr=? | md=[[émission de netron|n]] | ed=2,980 | pd=<sup>3</sup>[[tritium|H]] [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Waterstof]] [[ar:هيدروجين]] [[ast:Hidróxenu]] [[be:Вадарод]] [[bg:Водород]] [[bn:হাইড্রোজেন]] [[bs:Hidrogen]] [[ca:Hidrogen]] [[cs:Vodík]] [[cy:Hydrogen]] [[da:Brint]] [[de:Wasserstoff]] [[el:Υδρογόνο]] [[en:Hydrogen]] [[eo:Hidrogeno]] [[es:Hidrógeno]] [[et:Vesinik]] [[eu:Hidrogeno]] [[fa:هیدروژن]] [[fi:Vety]] [[fr:Hydrogène]] [[ga:Hidrigin]] [[gd:Haidreagain]] [[gl:Hidróxeno (elemento)]] [[gu:હાઈડ્રોજન]] [[he:מימן]] [[hr:Vodik]] [[hu:Hidrogén]] [[ia:Hydrogeno]] [[id:Hidrogen]] [[io:Hidrogeno]] [[is:Vetni]] [[it:Idrogeno]] [[ja:水素]] [[jbo:cidro]] [[ka:წყალბადი]] [[ko:수소]] [[ku:Hîdrojen]] [[la:Hydrogenium]] [[li:Waterstof]] [[lt:Vandenilis]] [[lv:Ūdeņradis]] [[mi:Hauwai]] [[mk:Водород]] [[ms:Hidrogen]] [[nds:Waterstoff]] [[nl:Waterstof]] [[nn:Hydrogen]] [[no:Hydrogen]] [[oc:Idrogèn]] [[pl:Wodór]] [[pt:Hidrogénio]] [[ro:Hidrogen]] [[ru:Водород]] [[scn:Idrògginu]] [[sh:Vodik]] [[simple:Hydrogen]] [[sk:Vodík]] [[sl:Vodik]] [[sr:Водоник]] [[sv:Väte]] [[ta:ஹைட்ரஜன்]] [[th:ไฮโดรเจน]] [[tl:Idroheno]] [[tr:Hidrojen]] [[ug:ھىدروگېن]] [[uk:Водень]] [[ur:آبگر]] [[uz:Vodorod]] [[vi:Hiđrô]] [[wa:Idrodjinne]] [[zh:氢]] [[zh-min-nan:H (goân-sò͘)]] [[zh-yue:氫]] 9742 2006-11-12T13:07:48Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: co, hy, ksh, lb, lmo, sq, tg Modifie: bs {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Idrojɛ́ní'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:H%2C1.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />H<br />↓<br />Li | align=center | - ← H → He |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:H-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Idrojɛ́ní |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>1</sub>H |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 1|1]], [[éléments de la période 1|1]], [[éléments du bloc s|s]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 0,0899 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | — |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Ezate |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 1,00794 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 25 (53) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 37 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 120 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | 1s<sup>1</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 1 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | 1<br />amfoter |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[Exagonal]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | Gaz |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 14,025 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 20,268 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 0,05868 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 0,44936 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 11,42×10<sup>-3</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | 209 [[Pascal|Pa]] na 23 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 1 270 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 2,2 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 14 304 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | — [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | 0,1815 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1 312 kJ/mol !Isotope |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope<sup>1</sup>H | an='''99,985''' | n=0 |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope<sup>2</sup>H | an=0,015 | n=1 |- valign=top |isotope instable | isotope<sup>3</sup>H | an=[[radioisotope synthétique|''syn.'']] | pr=12,33 a |- valign=top | md=[[désintégration β|β<sup>-</sup>]] | ed=0,019 | pd=<sup>3</sup>[[hélium|He]] |- valign=top |isotope instable | isotope=<sup>4</sup>H | an=''syn.''| pr=? | md=[[émission de netron|n]] | ed=2,980 | pd=<sup>3</sup>[[tritium|H]] [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Waterstof]] [[ar:هيدروجين]] [[ast:Hidróxenu]] [[be:Вадарод]] [[bg:Водород]] [[bn:হাইড্রোজেন]] [[bs:Vodonik]] [[ca:Hidrogen]] [[co:Idrogenu]] [[cs:Vodík]] [[cy:Hydrogen]] [[da:Brint]] [[de:Wasserstoff]] [[el:Υδρογόνο]] [[en:Hydrogen]] [[eo:Hidrogeno]] [[es:Hidrógeno]] [[et:Vesinik]] [[eu:Hidrogeno]] [[fa:هیدروژن]] [[fi:Vety]] [[fr:Hydrogène]] [[ga:Hidrigin]] [[gd:Haidreagain]] [[gl:Hidróxeno (elemento)]] [[gu:હાઈડ્રોજન]] [[he:מימן]] [[hr:Vodik]] [[hu:Hidrogén]] [[hy:Ջրածին]] [[ia:Hydrogeno]] [[id:Hidrogen]] [[io:Hidrogeno]] [[is:Vetni]] [[it:Idrogeno]] [[ja:水素]] [[jbo:cidro]] [[ka:წყალბადი]] [[ko:수소]] [[ksh:Wasserstoff]] [[ku:Hîdrojen]] [[la:Hydrogenium]] [[lb:Waasserstoff]] [[li:Waterstof]] [[lmo:Idrògen]] [[lt:Vandenilis]] [[lv:Ūdeņradis]] [[mi:Hauwai]] [[mk:Водород]] [[ms:Hidrogen]] [[nds:Waterstoff]] [[nl:Waterstof]] [[nn:Hydrogen]] [[no:Hydrogen]] [[oc:Idrogèn]] [[pl:Wodór]] [[pt:Hidrogénio]] [[ro:Hidrogen]] [[ru:Водород]] [[scn:Idrògginu]] [[sh:Vodik]] [[simple:Hydrogen]] [[sk:Vodík]] [[sl:Vodik]] [[sq:Hidrogjeni]] [[sr:Водоник]] [[sv:Väte]] [[ta:ஹைட்ரஜன்]] [[tg:Гидроген]] [[th:ไฮโดรเจน]] [[tl:Idroheno]] [[tr:Hidrojen]] [[ug:ھىدروگېن]] [[uk:Водень]] [[ur:آبگر]] [[uz:Vodorod]] [[vi:Hiđrô]] [[wa:Idrodjinne]] [[zh:氢]] [[zh-min-nan:H (goân-sò͘)]] [[zh-yue:氫]] 9968 2006-12-14T08:38:03Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[nov:Hidrogene]], [[qu:Yakuchaq]], [[su:Hidrogén]] {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Idrojɛ́ní'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:H%2C1.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />H<br />↓<br />Li | align=center | - ← H → He |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:H-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Idrojɛ́ní |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>1</sub>H |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 1|1]], [[éléments de la période 1|1]], [[éléments du bloc s|s]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 0,0899 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | — |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Ezate |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 1,00794 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 25 (53) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 37 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 120 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | 1s<sup>1</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 1 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | 1<br />amfoter |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[Exagonal]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | Gaz |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 14,025 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 20,268 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 0,05868 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 0,44936 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 11,42×10<sup>-3</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | 209 [[Pascal|Pa]] na 23 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 1 270 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 2,2 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 14 304 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | — [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | 0,1815 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1 312 kJ/mol !Isotope |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope<sup>1</sup>H | an='''99,985''' | n=0 |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope<sup>2</sup>H | an=0,015 | n=1 |- valign=top |isotope instable | isotope<sup>3</sup>H | an=[[radioisotope synthétique|''syn.'']] | pr=12,33 a |- valign=top | md=[[désintégration β|β<sup>-</sup>]] | ed=0,019 | pd=<sup>3</sup>[[hélium|He]] |- valign=top |isotope instable | isotope=<sup>4</sup>H | an=''syn.''| pr=? | md=[[émission de netron|n]] | ed=2,980 | pd=<sup>3</sup>[[tritium|H]] [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Waterstof]] [[ar:هيدروجين]] [[ast:Hidróxenu]] [[be:Вадарод]] [[bg:Водород]] [[bn:হাইড্রোজেন]] [[bs:Vodonik]] [[ca:Hidrogen]] [[co:Idrogenu]] [[cs:Vodík]] [[cy:Hydrogen]] [[da:Brint]] [[de:Wasserstoff]] [[el:Υδρογόνο]] [[en:Hydrogen]] [[eo:Hidrogeno]] [[es:Hidrógeno]] [[et:Vesinik]] [[eu:Hidrogeno]] [[fa:هیدروژن]] [[fi:Vety]] [[fr:Hydrogène]] [[ga:Hidrigin]] [[gd:Haidreagain]] [[gl:Hidróxeno (elemento)]] [[gu:હાઈડ્રોજન]] [[he:מימן]] [[hr:Vodik]] [[hu:Hidrogén]] [[hy:Ջրածին]] [[ia:Hydrogeno]] [[id:Hidrogen]] [[io:Hidrogeno]] [[is:Vetni]] [[it:Idrogeno]] [[ja:水素]] [[jbo:cidro]] [[ka:წყალბადი]] [[ko:수소]] [[ksh:Wasserstoff]] [[ku:Hîdrojen]] [[la:Hydrogenium]] [[lb:Waasserstoff]] [[li:Waterstof]] [[lmo:Idrògen]] [[lt:Vandenilis]] [[lv:Ūdeņradis]] [[mi:Hauwai]] [[mk:Водород]] [[ms:Hidrogen]] [[nds:Waterstoff]] [[nl:Waterstof]] [[nn:Hydrogen]] [[no:Hydrogen]] [[nov:Hidrogene]] [[oc:Idrogèn]] [[pl:Wodór]] [[pt:Hidrogénio]] [[qu:Yakuchaq]] [[ro:Hidrogen]] [[ru:Водород]] [[scn:Idrògginu]] [[sh:Vodik]] [[simple:Hydrogen]] [[sk:Vodík]] [[sl:Vodik]] [[sq:Hidrogjeni]] [[sr:Водоник]] [[su:Hidrogén]] [[sv:Väte]] [[ta:ஹைட்ரஜன்]] [[tg:Гидроген]] [[th:ไฮโดรเจน]] [[tl:Idroheno]] [[tr:Hidrojen]] [[ug:ھىدروگېن]] [[uk:Водень]] [[ur:آبگر]] [[uz:Vodorod]] [[vi:Hiđrô]] [[wa:Idrodjinne]] [[zh:氢]] [[zh-min-nan:H (goân-sò͘)]] [[zh-yue:氫]] Oksijɛ́ní 2329 8494 2006-06-30T18:01:33Z Ivo3 68 {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Oksijɛ́ní'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:O%2C8.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />O<br />↓<br />[[Sufa|S]] | align=center | [[Azoti|Na]] ← O → [[Folina|F]] |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:O-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Oksijɛ́ní |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>8</sub>O |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 16|16]], [[éléments de la période 2|2]], [[éléments du bloc p|p]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 1,429 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | NA |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Ezate |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 15,9994 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 60 (48) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 73 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 152 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | [He]2s<sup>2</sup>2p<sup>4</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2, 6 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | -2,-1<br />netr |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[cubique(kibik)]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | Gaz paramanietik |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 50,35 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 90,18 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 0,22259 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 3,4099 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 17,36×10<sup>-3</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 317,5 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 3,44 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 920 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | ×10<sup>6</sup> [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | 0,02674 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1313,9 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 3388,3 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 3<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 5300,5 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 7469,2 kJ/mol 8496 2006-06-30T18:58:44Z Ivo3 68 {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Oksijɛ́ní'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:O%2C8.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />O<br />↓<br />[[Sufa|S]] | align=center | [[Azoti|Na]] ← O → [[Folina|F]] |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:O-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Oksijɛ́ní |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>8</sub>O |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 16|16]], [[éléments de la période 2|2]], [[éléments du bloc p|p]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 1,429 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | NA |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Ezate |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 15,9994 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 60 (48) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 73 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 152 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | [He]2s<sup>2</sup>2p<sup>4</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2, 6 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | -2,-1<br />netr |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[cubique(kibik)]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | Gaz paramanietik |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 50,35 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 90,18 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 0,22259 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 3,4099 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 17,36×10<sup>-3</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 317,5 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 3,44 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 920 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | ×10<sup>6</sup> [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | 0,02674 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1313,9 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 3388,3 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 3<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 5300,5 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 7469,2 kJ/mol !isotope |- valign=top |isotope instable | isotope={{p|15}}O | an=''[[Radioisotope synthétique|syn]]'' | pr=2 [[minute (temps)|min]] | md=[[β]]<sup>+</sup> | ed=1,72 | pd<sup>15</sup>[[Azoti|N]] |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope<sup>16</sup>O | an=99,762 | n=8 |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope<sup>17</sup>O | an=0,038 | n=9 |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope<sup>18</sup>O | an=0,2 | n=10 [[af:Suurstof]] [[als:Sauerstoff]] [[ar:أكسجين]] [[ast:Oxíxenu]] [[bg:Кислород]] [[ca:Oxigen]] [[cs:Kyslík]] [[cy:Ocsigen]] [[da:Ilt]] [[de:Sauerstoff]] [[el:Οξυγόνο]] [[en:Oxygen]] [[eo:Oksigeno]] [[es:Oxígeno]] [[et:Hapnik]] [[eu:Oxigeno]] [[fa:اکسیژن]] [[fi:Happi]] [[ga:Ocsaigin]] [[gd:Àile-Beatha]] [[gl:Osíxeno (elemento)]] [[gu:ઑક્સીજન]] [[he:חמצן]] [[hr:Kisik]] [[hu:Oxigén]] [[ia:Oxygeno]] [[id:Oksigen]] [[io:Oxo]] [[is:Súrefni]] [[it:Ossigeno]] [[ja:酸素]] [[ko:산소]] [[ku:Oksîjen]] [[la:Oxygenium]] [[li:Zoerstof]] [[lt:Deguonis]] [[lv:Skābeklis]] [[mi:Hāora]] [[mk:Кислород]] [[ms:Oksigen]] [[nds:Suerstoff]] [[nl:Zuurstof]] [[nn:Oksygen]] [[no:Oksygen]] [[pl:Tlen]] [[pt:Oxigénio]] [[ro:Oxigen]] [[ru:Кислород]] [[sh:Kiseonik]] [[simple:Oxygen]] [[sk:Kyslík]] [[sl:Kisik]] [[sr:Кисеоник]] [[su:Oksigén]] [[sv:Syre]] [[th:ออกซิเจน]] [[tl:Oksihena]] [[tr:Oksijen]] [[ug:ئوكسىگېن]] [[uk:Кисень]] [[vi:Ôxy]] [[zh:氧]] [[zh-yue:氧]] 8515 2006-07-01T18:53:54Z Bombo 12 [[O]] moved to [[Oksijɛ́ní]]: titre=terme et non abréviation {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Oksijɛ́ní'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:O%2C8.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />O<br />↓<br />[[Sufa|S]] | align=center | [[Azoti|Na]] ← O → [[Folina|F]] |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:O-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Oksijɛ́ní |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>8</sub>O |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 16|16]], [[éléments de la période 2|2]], [[éléments du bloc p|p]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 1,429 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | NA |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Ezate |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 15,9994 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 60 (48) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 73 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 152 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | [He]2s<sup>2</sup>2p<sup>4</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2, 6 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | -2,-1<br />netr |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[cubique(kibik)]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | Gaz paramanietik |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 50,35 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 90,18 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 0,22259 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 3,4099 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 17,36×10<sup>-3</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 317,5 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 3,44 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 920 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | ×10<sup>6</sup> [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | 0,02674 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1313,9 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 3388,3 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 3<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 5300,5 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 7469,2 kJ/mol !isotope |- valign=top |isotope instable | isotope={{p|15}}O | an=''[[Radioisotope synthétique|syn]]'' | pr=2 [[minute (temps)|min]] | md=[[β]]<sup>+</sup> | ed=1,72 | pd<sup>15</sup>[[Azoti|N]] |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope<sup>16</sup>O | an=99,762 | n=8 |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope<sup>17</sup>O | an=0,038 | n=9 |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope<sup>18</sup>O | an=0,2 | n=10 [[af:Suurstof]] [[als:Sauerstoff]] [[ar:أكسجين]] [[ast:Oxíxenu]] [[bg:Кислород]] [[ca:Oxigen]] [[cs:Kyslík]] [[cy:Ocsigen]] [[da:Ilt]] [[de:Sauerstoff]] [[el:Οξυγόνο]] [[en:Oxygen]] [[eo:Oksigeno]] [[es:Oxígeno]] [[et:Hapnik]] [[eu:Oxigeno]] [[fa:اکسیژن]] [[fi:Happi]] [[ga:Ocsaigin]] [[gd:Àile-Beatha]] [[gl:Osíxeno (elemento)]] [[gu:ઑક્સીજન]] [[he:חמצן]] [[hr:Kisik]] [[hu:Oxigén]] [[ia:Oxygeno]] [[id:Oksigen]] [[io:Oxo]] [[is:Súrefni]] [[it:Ossigeno]] [[ja:酸素]] [[ko:산소]] [[ku:Oksîjen]] [[la:Oxygenium]] [[li:Zoerstof]] [[lt:Deguonis]] [[lv:Skābeklis]] [[mi:Hāora]] [[mk:Кислород]] [[ms:Oksigen]] [[nds:Suerstoff]] [[nl:Zuurstof]] [[nn:Oksygen]] [[no:Oksygen]] [[pl:Tlen]] [[pt:Oxigénio]] [[ro:Oxigen]] [[ru:Кислород]] [[sh:Kiseonik]] [[simple:Oxygen]] [[sk:Kyslík]] [[sl:Kisik]] [[sr:Кисеоник]] [[su:Oksigén]] [[sv:Syre]] [[th:ออกซิเจน]] [[tl:Oksihena]] [[tr:Oksijen]] [[ug:ئوكسىگېن]] [[uk:Кисень]] [[vi:Ôxy]] [[zh:氧]] [[zh-yue:氧]] 8689 2006-07-01T19:05:05Z Bombo 12 cat {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Oksijɛ́ní'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:O%2C8.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />O<br />↓<br />[[Sufa|S]] | align=center | [[Azoti|Na]] ← O → [[Folina|F]] |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:O-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Oksijɛ́ní |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>8</sub>O |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 16|16]], [[éléments de la période 2|2]], [[éléments du bloc p|p]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 1,429 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | NA |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Ezate |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 15,9994 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 60 (48) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 73 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 152 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | [He]2s<sup>2</sup>2p<sup>4</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2, 6 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | -2,-1<br />netr |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[cubique(kibik)]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | Gaz paramanietik |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 50,35 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 90,18 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 0,22259 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 3,4099 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 17,36×10<sup>-3</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 317,5 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 3,44 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 920 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | ×10<sup>6</sup> [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | 0,02674 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1313,9 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 3388,3 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 3<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 5300,5 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 7469,2 kJ/mol !isotope |- valign=top |isotope instable | isotope={{p|15}}O | an=''[[Radioisotope synthétique|syn]]'' | pr=2 [[minute (temps)|min]] | md=[[β]]<sup>+</sup> | ed=1,72 | pd<sup>15</sup>[[Azoti|N]] |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope<sup>16</sup>O | an=99,762 | n=8 |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope<sup>17</sup>O | an=0,038 | n=9 |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope<sup>18</sup>O | an=0,2 | n=10 [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Suurstof]] [[als:Sauerstoff]] [[ar:أكسجين]] [[ast:Oxíxenu]] [[bg:Кислород]] [[ca:Oxigen]] [[cs:Kyslík]] [[cy:Ocsigen]] [[da:Ilt]] [[de:Sauerstoff]] [[el:Οξυγόνο]] [[en:Oxygen]] [[eo:Oksigeno]] [[es:Oxígeno]] [[et:Hapnik]] [[eu:Oxigeno]] [[fa:اکسیژن]] [[fi:Happi]] [[ga:Ocsaigin]] [[gd:Àile-Beatha]] [[gl:Osíxeno (elemento)]] [[gu:ઑક્સીજન]] [[he:חמצן]] [[hr:Kisik]] [[hu:Oxigén]] [[ia:Oxygeno]] [[id:Oksigen]] [[io:Oxo]] [[is:Súrefni]] [[it:Ossigeno]] [[ja:酸素]] [[ko:산소]] [[ku:Oksîjen]] [[la:Oxygenium]] [[li:Zoerstof]] [[lt:Deguonis]] [[lv:Skābeklis]] [[mi:Hāora]] [[mk:Кислород]] [[ms:Oksigen]] [[nds:Suerstoff]] [[nl:Zuurstof]] [[nn:Oksygen]] [[no:Oksygen]] [[pl:Tlen]] [[pt:Oxigénio]] [[ro:Oxigen]] [[ru:Кислород]] [[sh:Kiseonik]] [[simple:Oxygen]] [[sk:Kyslík]] [[sl:Kisik]] [[sr:Кисеоник]] [[su:Oksigén]] [[sv:Syre]] [[th:ออกซิเจน]] [[tl:Oksihena]] [[tr:Oksijen]] [[ug:ئوكسىگېن]] [[uk:Кисень]] [[vi:Ôxy]] [[zh:氧]] [[zh-yue:氧]] 8710 2006-07-02T14:38:17Z 83.10.21.222 {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Oksijɛ́ní'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:O%2C8.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />O<br />↓<br />[[Sufa|S]] | align=center | [[Azoti|N]] ← O → [[Folina|F]] |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:O-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Oksijɛ́ní |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>8</sub>O |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 16|16]], [[éléments de la période 2|2]], [[éléments du bloc p|p]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 1,429 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | NA |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Ezate |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 15,9994 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 60 (48) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 73 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 152 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | [He]2s<sup>2</sup>2p<sup>4</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2, 6 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | -2,-1<br />netr |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[cubique(kibik)]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | Gaz paramanietik |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 50,35 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 90,18 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 0,22259 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 3,4099 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 17,36×10<sup>-3</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 317,5 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 3,44 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 920 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | ×10<sup>6</sup> [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | 0,02674 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1313,9 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 3388,3 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 3<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 5300,5 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 7469,2 kJ/mol !isotope |- valign=top |isotope instable | isotope={{p|15}}O | an=''[[Radioisotope synthétique|syn]]'' | pr=2 [[minute (temps)|min]] | md=[[β]]<sup>+</sup> | ed=1,72 | pd<sup>15</sup>[[Azoti|N]] |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope<sup>16</sup>O | an=99,762 | n=8 |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope<sup>17</sup>O | an=0,038 | n=9 |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope<sup>18</sup>O | an=0,2 | n=10 [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Suurstof]] [[als:Sauerstoff]] [[ar:أكسجين]] [[ast:Oxíxenu]] [[bg:Кислород]] [[ca:Oxigen]] [[cs:Kyslík]] [[cy:Ocsigen]] [[da:Ilt]] [[de:Sauerstoff]] [[el:Οξυγόνο]] [[en:Oxygen]] [[eo:Oksigeno]] [[es:Oxígeno]] [[et:Hapnik]] [[eu:Oxigeno]] [[fa:اکسیژن]] [[fi:Happi]] [[ga:Ocsaigin]] [[gd:Àile-Beatha]] [[gl:Osíxeno (elemento)]] [[gu:ઑક્સીજન]] [[he:חמצן]] [[hr:Kisik]] [[hu:Oxigén]] [[ia:Oxygeno]] [[id:Oksigen]] [[io:Oxo]] [[is:Súrefni]] [[it:Ossigeno]] [[ja:酸素]] [[ko:산소]] [[ku:Oksîjen]] [[la:Oxygenium]] [[li:Zoerstof]] [[lt:Deguonis]] [[lv:Skābeklis]] [[mi:Hāora]] [[mk:Кислород]] [[ms:Oksigen]] [[nds:Suerstoff]] [[nl:Zuurstof]] [[nn:Oksygen]] [[no:Oksygen]] [[pl:Tlen]] [[pt:Oxigénio]] [[ro:Oxigen]] [[ru:Кислород]] [[sh:Kiseonik]] [[simple:Oxygen]] [[sk:Kyslík]] [[sl:Kisik]] [[sr:Кисеоник]] [[su:Oksigén]] [[sv:Syre]] [[th:ออกซิเจน]] [[tl:Oksihena]] [[tr:Oksijen]] [[ug:ئوكسىگېن]] [[uk:Кисень]] [[vi:Ôxy]] [[zh:氧]] [[zh-yue:氧]] 8723 2006-07-02T15:43:34Z Ivo3 68 {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Oksijɛ́ní'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:O%2C8.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />O<br />↓<br />[[Sufa|S]] | align=center | [[Azoti|N]] ← O → [[Folina|F]] |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:O-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Oksijɛ́ní |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>8</sub>O |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 16|16]], [[éléments de la période 2|2]], [[éléments du bloc p|p]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 1,429 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | NA |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Ezate |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 15,9994 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 60 (48) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 73 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 152 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | [He]2s<sup>2</sup>2p<sup>4</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2, 6 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | -2,-1<br />netr |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[cubique(kibik)]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | Gaz paramanietik |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 50,35 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 90,18 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 0,22259 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 3,4099 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 17,36×10<sup>-3</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 317,5 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 3,44 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 920 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | ×10<sup>6</sup> [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | 0,02674 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1313,9 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 3388,3 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 3<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 5300,5 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 7469,2 kJ/mol !isotope |- valign=top |isotope instable | isotope={{p|15}}O | an=''[[Radioisotope synthétique|syn]]'' | pr=2 [[minute (temps)|min]] | md=[[β]]<sup>+</sup> | ed=1,72 | pd<sup>15</sup>[[Azoti|N]] |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope<sup>16</sup>O | an=99,762 | n=8 |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope<sup>17</sup>O | an=0,038 | n=9 |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope<sup>18</sup>O | an=0,2 | n=10 [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Suurstof]] [[als:Sauerstoff]] [[ar:أكسجين]] [[ast:Oxíxenu]] [[bg:Кислород]] [[ca:Oxigen]] [[cs:Kyslík]] [[cy:Ocsigen]] [[da:Ilt]] [[de:Sauerstoff]] [[el:Οξυγόνο]] [[en:Oxygen]] [[eo:Oksigeno]] [[es:Oxígeno]] [[et:Hapnik]] [[eu:Oxigeno]] [[fr:Oxygene]] [[fa:اکسیژن]] [[fi:Happi]] [[ga:Ocsaigin]] [[gd:Àile-Beatha]] [[gl:Osíxeno (elemento)]] [[gu:ઑક્સીજન]] [[he:חמצן]] [[hr:Kisik]] [[hu:Oxigén]] [[ia:Oxygeno]] [[id:Oksigen]] [[io:Oxo]] [[is:Súrefni]] [[it:Ossigeno]] [[ja:酸素]] [[ko:산소]] [[ku:Oksîjen]] [[la:Oxygenium]] [[li:Zoerstof]] [[lt:Deguonis]] [[lv:Skābeklis]] [[mi:Hāora]] [[mk:Кислород]] [[ms:Oksigen]] [[nds:Suerstoff]] [[nl:Zuurstof]] [[nn:Oksygen]] [[no:Oksygen]] [[pl:Tlen]] [[pt:Oxigénio]] [[ro:Oxigen]] [[ru:Кислород]] [[sh:Kiseonik]] [[simple:Oxygen]] [[sk:Kyslík]] [[sl:Kisik]] [[sr:Кисеоник]] [[su:Oksigén]] [[sv:Syre]] [[th:ออกซิเจน]] [[tl:Oksihena]] [[tr:Oksijen]] [[ug:ئوكسىگېن]] [[uk:Кисень]] [[vi:Ôxy]] [[zh:氧]] [[zh-yue:氧]] 9054 2006-08-02T06:28:00Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: [[bn:অক্সিজেন]], [[ka:ჟანგბადი]] Modifie: [[fr:Oxygène]] {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Oksijɛ́ní'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:O%2C8.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />O<br />↓<br />[[Sufa|S]] | align=center | [[Azoti|N]] ← O → [[Folina|F]] |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:O-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Oksijɛ́ní |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>8</sub>O |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 16|16]], [[éléments de la période 2|2]], [[éléments du bloc p|p]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 1,429 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | NA |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Ezate |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 15,9994 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 60 (48) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 73 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 152 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | [He]2s<sup>2</sup>2p<sup>4</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2, 6 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | -2,-1<br />netr |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[cubique(kibik)]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | Gaz paramanietik |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 50,35 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 90,18 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 0,22259 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 3,4099 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 17,36×10<sup>-3</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 317,5 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 3,44 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 920 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | ×10<sup>6</sup> [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | 0,02674 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1313,9 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 3388,3 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 3<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 5300,5 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 7469,2 kJ/mol !isotope |- valign=top |isotope instable | isotope={{p|15}}O | an=''[[Radioisotope synthétique|syn]]'' | pr=2 [[minute (temps)|min]] | md=[[β]]<sup>+</sup> | ed=1,72 | pd<sup>15</sup>[[Azoti|N]] |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope<sup>16</sup>O | an=99,762 | n=8 |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope<sup>17</sup>O | an=0,038 | n=9 |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope<sup>18</sup>O | an=0,2 | n=10 [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Suurstof]] [[als:Sauerstoff]] [[ar:أكسجين]] [[ast:Oxíxenu]] [[bg:Кислород]] [[bn:অক্সিজেন]] [[ca:Oxigen]] [[cs:Kyslík]] [[cy:Ocsigen]] [[da:Ilt]] [[de:Sauerstoff]] [[el:Οξυγόνο]] [[en:Oxygen]] [[eo:Oksigeno]] [[es:Oxígeno]] [[et:Hapnik]] [[eu:Oxigeno]] [[fa:اکسیژن]] [[fi:Happi]] [[fr:Oxygène]] [[ga:Ocsaigin]] [[gd:Àile-Beatha]] [[gl:Osíxeno (elemento)]] [[gu:ઑક્સીજન]] [[he:חמצן]] [[hr:Kisik]] [[hu:Oxigén]] [[ia:Oxygeno]] [[id:Oksigen]] [[io:Oxo]] [[is:Súrefni]] [[it:Ossigeno]] [[ja:酸素]] [[ka:ჟანგბადი]] [[ko:산소]] [[ku:Oksîjen]] [[la:Oxygenium]] [[li:Zoerstof]] [[lt:Deguonis]] [[lv:Skābeklis]] [[mi:Hāora]] [[mk:Кислород]] [[ms:Oksigen]] [[nds:Suerstoff]] [[nl:Zuurstof]] [[nn:Oksygen]] [[no:Oksygen]] [[pl:Tlen]] [[pt:Oxigénio]] [[ro:Oxigen]] [[ru:Кислород]] [[sh:Kiseonik]] [[simple:Oxygen]] [[sk:Kyslík]] [[sl:Kisik]] [[sr:Кисеоник]] [[su:Oksigén]] [[sv:Syre]] [[th:ออกซิเจน]] [[tl:Oksihena]] [[tr:Oksijen]] [[ug:ئوكسىگېن]] [[uk:Кисень]] [[vi:Ôxy]] [[zh:氧]] [[zh-yue:氧]] 9164 2006-08-25T17:26:13Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: [[zh-min-nan:O (goân-sò͘)]] Modifie: [[gd:Àile-beatha]] {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Oksijɛ́ní'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:O%2C8.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />O<br />↓<br />[[Sufa|S]] | align=center | [[Azoti|N]] ← O → [[Folina|F]] |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:O-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Oksijɛ́ní |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>8</sub>O |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 16|16]], [[éléments de la période 2|2]], [[éléments du bloc p|p]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 1,429 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | NA |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Ezate |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 15,9994 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 60 (48) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 73 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 152 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | [He]2s<sup>2</sup>2p<sup>4</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2, 6 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | -2,-1<br />netr |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[cubique(kibik)]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | Gaz paramanietik |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 50,35 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 90,18 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 0,22259 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 3,4099 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 17,36×10<sup>-3</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 317,5 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 3,44 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 920 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | ×10<sup>6</sup> [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | 0,02674 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1313,9 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 3388,3 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 3<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 5300,5 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 7469,2 kJ/mol !isotope |- valign=top |isotope instable | isotope={{p|15}}O | an=''[[Radioisotope synthétique|syn]]'' | pr=2 [[minute (temps)|min]] | md=[[β]]<sup>+</sup> | ed=1,72 | pd<sup>15</sup>[[Azoti|N]] |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope<sup>16</sup>O | an=99,762 | n=8 |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope<sup>17</sup>O | an=0,038 | n=9 |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope<sup>18</sup>O | an=0,2 | n=10 [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Suurstof]] [[als:Sauerstoff]] [[ar:أكسجين]] [[ast:Oxíxenu]] [[bg:Кислород]] [[bn:অক্সিজেন]] [[ca:Oxigen]] [[cs:Kyslík]] [[cy:Ocsigen]] [[da:Ilt]] [[de:Sauerstoff]] [[el:Οξυγόνο]] [[en:Oxygen]] [[eo:Oksigeno]] [[es:Oxígeno]] [[et:Hapnik]] [[eu:Oxigeno]] [[fa:اکسیژن]] [[fi:Happi]] [[fr:Oxygène]] [[ga:Ocsaigin]] [[gd:Àile-beatha]] [[gl:Osíxeno (elemento)]] [[gu:ઑક્સીજન]] [[he:חמצן]] [[hr:Kisik]] [[hu:Oxigén]] [[ia:Oxygeno]] [[id:Oksigen]] [[io:Oxo]] [[is:Súrefni]] [[it:Ossigeno]] [[ja:酸素]] [[ka:ჟანგბადი]] [[ko:산소]] [[ku:Oksîjen]] [[la:Oxygenium]] [[li:Zoerstof]] [[lt:Deguonis]] [[lv:Skābeklis]] [[mi:Hāora]] [[mk:Кислород]] [[ms:Oksigen]] [[nds:Suerstoff]] [[nl:Zuurstof]] [[nn:Oksygen]] [[no:Oksygen]] [[pl:Tlen]] [[pt:Oxigénio]] [[ro:Oxigen]] [[ru:Кислород]] [[sh:Kiseonik]] [[simple:Oxygen]] [[sk:Kyslík]] [[sl:Kisik]] [[sr:Кисеоник]] [[su:Oksigén]] [[sv:Syre]] [[th:ออกซิเจน]] [[tl:Oksihena]] [[tr:Oksijen]] [[ug:ئوكسىگېن]] [[uk:Кисень]] [[vi:Ôxy]] [[zh:氧]] [[zh-min-nan:O (goân-sò͘)]] [[zh-yue:氧]] 9498 2006-10-14T04:18:59Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: co, hy, jbo, sq, tg, uz {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Oksijɛ́ní'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:O%2C8.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />O<br />↓<br />[[Sufa|S]] | align=center | [[Azoti|N]] ← O → [[Folina|F]] |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:O-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Oksijɛ́ní |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>8</sub>O |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 16|16]], [[éléments de la période 2|2]], [[éléments du bloc p|p]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 1,429 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | NA |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Ezate |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 15,9994 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 60 (48) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 73 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 152 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | [He]2s<sup>2</sup>2p<sup>4</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2, 6 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | -2,-1<br />netr |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[cubique(kibik)]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | Gaz paramanietik |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 50,35 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 90,18 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 0,22259 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 3,4099 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 17,36×10<sup>-3</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 317,5 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 3,44 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 920 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | ×10<sup>6</sup> [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | 0,02674 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1313,9 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 3388,3 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 3<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 5300,5 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 7469,2 kJ/mol !isotope |- valign=top |isotope instable | isotope={{p|15}}O | an=''[[Radioisotope synthétique|syn]]'' | pr=2 [[minute (temps)|min]] | md=[[β]]<sup>+</sup> | ed=1,72 | pd<sup>15</sup>[[Azoti|N]] |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope<sup>16</sup>O | an=99,762 | n=8 |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope<sup>17</sup>O | an=0,038 | n=9 |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope<sup>18</sup>O | an=0,2 | n=10 [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Suurstof]] [[als:Sauerstoff]] [[ar:أكسجين]] [[ast:Oxíxenu]] [[bg:Кислород]] [[bn:অক্সিজেন]] [[ca:Oxigen]] [[co:Ossigenu]] [[cs:Kyslík]] [[cy:Ocsigen]] [[da:Ilt]] [[de:Sauerstoff]] [[el:Οξυγόνο]] [[en:Oxygen]] [[eo:Oksigeno]] [[es:Oxígeno]] [[et:Hapnik]] [[eu:Oxigeno]] [[fa:اکسیژن]] [[fi:Happi]] [[fr:Oxygène]] [[ga:Ocsaigin]] [[gd:Àile-beatha]] [[gl:Osíxeno (elemento)]] [[gu:ઑક્સીજન]] [[he:חמצן]] [[hr:Kisik]] [[hu:Oxigén]] [[hy:Թթվածին]] [[ia:Oxygeno]] [[id:Oksigen]] [[io:Oxo]] [[is:Súrefni]] [[it:Ossigeno]] [[ja:酸素]] [[jbo:kijno]] [[ka:ჟანგბადი]] [[ko:산소]] [[ku:Oksîjen]] [[la:Oxygenium]] [[li:Zoerstof]] [[lt:Deguonis]] [[lv:Skābeklis]] [[mi:Hāora]] [[mk:Кислород]] [[ms:Oksigen]] [[nds:Suerstoff]] [[nl:Zuurstof]] [[nn:Oksygen]] [[no:Oksygen]] [[pl:Tlen]] [[pt:Oxigénio]] [[ro:Oxigen]] [[ru:Кислород]] [[sh:Kiseonik]] [[simple:Oxygen]] [[sk:Kyslík]] [[sl:Kisik]] [[sq:Oksigjeni]] [[sr:Кисеоник]] [[su:Oksigén]] [[sv:Syre]] [[tg:Оксиген]] [[th:ออกซิเจน]] [[tl:Oksihena]] [[tr:Oksijen]] [[ug:ئوكسىگېن]] [[uk:Кисень]] [[uz:Kislorod]] [[vi:Ôxy]] [[zh:氧]] [[zh-min-nan:O (goân-sò͘)]] [[zh-yue:氧]] 10013 2006-12-19T23:58:34Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: bs, lb, qu, yi {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Oksijɛ́ní'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:O%2C8.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />O<br />↓<br />[[Sufa|S]] | align=center | [[Azoti|N]] ← O → [[Folina|F]] |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:O-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Oksijɛ́ní |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>8</sub>O |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 16|16]], [[éléments de la période 2|2]], [[éléments du bloc p|p]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 1,429 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | NA |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Ezate |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 15,9994 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 60 (48) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 73 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 152 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | [He]2s<sup>2</sup>2p<sup>4</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2, 6 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | -2,-1<br />netr |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[cubique(kibik)]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | Gaz paramanietik |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 50,35 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 90,18 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 0,22259 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 3,4099 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 17,36×10<sup>-3</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 317,5 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 3,44 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 920 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | ×10<sup>6</sup> [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | 0,02674 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1313,9 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 3388,3 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 3<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 5300,5 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 7469,2 kJ/mol !isotope |- valign=top |isotope instable | isotope={{p|15}}O | an=''[[Radioisotope synthétique|syn]]'' | pr=2 [[minute (temps)|min]] | md=[[β]]<sup>+</sup> | ed=1,72 | pd<sup>15</sup>[[Azoti|N]] |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope<sup>16</sup>O | an=99,762 | n=8 |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope<sup>17</sup>O | an=0,038 | n=9 |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope<sup>18</sup>O | an=0,2 | n=10 [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Suurstof]] [[als:Sauerstoff]] [[ar:أكسجين]] [[ast:Oxíxenu]] [[bg:Кислород]] [[bn:অক্সিজেন]] [[bs:Kiseonik]] [[ca:Oxigen]] [[co:Ossigenu]] [[cs:Kyslík]] [[cy:Ocsigen]] [[da:Ilt]] [[de:Sauerstoff]] [[el:Οξυγόνο]] [[en:Oxygen]] [[eo:Oksigeno]] [[es:Oxígeno]] [[et:Hapnik]] [[eu:Oxigeno]] [[fa:اکسیژن]] [[fi:Happi]] [[fr:Oxygène]] [[ga:Ocsaigin]] [[gd:Àile-beatha]] [[gl:Osíxeno (elemento)]] [[gu:ઑક્સીજન]] [[he:חמצן]] [[hr:Kisik]] [[hu:Oxigén]] [[hy:Թթվածին]] [[ia:Oxygeno]] [[id:Oksigen]] [[io:Oxo]] [[is:Súrefni]] [[it:Ossigeno]] [[ja:酸素]] [[jbo:kijno]] [[ka:ჟანგბადი]] [[ko:산소]] [[ku:Oksîjen]] [[la:Oxygenium]] [[lb:Sauerstoff]] [[li:Zoerstof]] [[lt:Deguonis]] [[lv:Skābeklis]] [[mi:Hāora]] [[mk:Кислород]] [[ms:Oksigen]] [[nds:Suerstoff]] [[nl:Zuurstof]] [[nn:Oksygen]] [[no:Oksygen]] [[pl:Tlen]] [[pt:Oxigénio]] [[qu:Muksichaq]] [[ro:Oxigen]] [[ru:Кислород]] [[sh:Kiseonik]] [[simple:Oxygen]] [[sk:Kyslík]] [[sl:Kisik]] [[sq:Oksigjeni]] [[sr:Кисеоник]] [[su:Oksigén]] [[sv:Syre]] [[tg:Оксиген]] [[th:ออกซิเจน]] [[tl:Oksihena]] [[tr:Oksijen]] [[ug:ئوكسىگېن]] [[uk:Кисень]] [[uz:Kislorod]] [[vi:Ôxy]] [[yi:אקסיגען]] [[zh:氧]] [[zh-min-nan:O (goân-sò͘)]] [[zh-yue:氧]] Kaboni 2330 8495 2006-06-30T18:50:19Z Ivo3 68 {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Kaboni'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:C%2C6.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />O<br />↓<br />[[Siliki|Si]] | align=center | [[Bolo|B]] ← C → [[Azoti|N]] |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:C-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Kaboni |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>6</sub>C |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 14|14]], [[éléments de la période 2|2]], [[éléments du bloc p|p]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | <small>grafite:</small> 2267 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | 0,5 <small>([[graphite]])</small><br />10,0 |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Moíndo <small>(grafite)</small><br />Transparent <small>(diamant)</small> |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 12,0107 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 70 (67) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 77 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 170 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | [[Hélium|He]]2[[Orbitale-s|s]]<sup>2</sup> 2[[Orbitale-p|p]]<sup>2</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2, 4 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | 4, 2<br />netr |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[Exagonal]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | [[Bokási]] [[diamaniétik]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 3 773 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 5 100 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | N/A [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 355,8 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 5,29×10<sup>-6</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 18 350 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 2,55 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 710 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | 61×10<sup>3</sup> [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | 129 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1 086,5 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 2 352,6 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 3<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 4 620,5 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 6 222,7 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 37 831,1 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 47 277,0 kJ/mol |- valign=top !Isotope |- valign=top |Isotope stable | isotope<sup>12</sup>C | an='''98,9''' | n=6 |- valign=top |Isotope stable | isotope<sup>13</sup>C | an=1,1 | n=7 |- valign=top |Isotope instable |isotope<sup>14</sup>C | an=[[trace radioisotope|''trace'']] | pr=5730 [[Mbula|Bambula]] |- valign=top | md=[[désintégration β|β<sup>-</sup>]] | ed=0,156 | pd=<sup>14</sup>[[azoti|N]] 8497 2006-06-30T19:00:22Z Ivo3 68 {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Kaboni'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:C%2C6.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />O<br />↓<br />[[Siliki|Si]] | align=center | [[Bolo|B]] ← C → [[Azoti|N]] |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:C-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Kaboni |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>6</sub>C |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 14|14]], [[éléments de la période 2|2]], [[éléments du bloc p|p]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | <small>grafite:</small> 2267 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | 0,5 <small>([[graphite]])</small><br />10,0 |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Moíndo <small>(grafite)</small><br />Transparent <small>(diamant)</small> |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 12,0107 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 70 (67) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 77 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 170 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | [[Hélium|He]]2[[Orbitale-s|s]]<sup>2</sup> 2[[Orbitale-p|p]]<sup>2</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2, 4 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | 4, 2<br />netr |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[Exagonal]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | [[Bokási]] [[diamaniétik]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 3 773 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 5 100 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | N/A [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 355,8 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 5,29×10<sup>-6</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 18 350 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 2,55 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 710 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | 61×10<sup>3</sup> [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | 129 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1 086,5 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 2 352,6 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 3<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 4 620,5 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 6 222,7 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 37 831,1 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 47 277,0 kJ/mol |- valign=top !Isotope |- valign=top |Isotope stable | isotope<sup>12</sup>C | an='''98,9''' | n=6 |- valign=top |Isotope stable | isotope<sup>13</sup>C | an=1,1 | n=7 |- valign=top |Isotope instable |isotope<sup>14</sup>C | an=[[trace radioisotope|''trace'']] | pr=5730 [[Mbula|Bambula]] |- valign=top | md=[[désintégration β|β<sup>-</sup>]] | ed=0,156 | pd=<sup>14</sup>[[azoti|N]] [[af:Koolstof]] [[ar:كربون]] [[bg:Въглерод]] [[bn:কার্বন]] [[ca:Carboni]] [[cs:Uhlík]] [[cy:Carbon]] [[da:Carbon]] [[de:Kohlenstoff]] [[el:Άνθρακας]] [[en:Carbon]] [[eo:Karbono]] [[es:Carbono]] [[et:Süsinik]] [[eu:Karbono]] [[fa:کربن]] [[fi:Hiili]] [[gd:Gualan]] [[gl:Carbono (elemento)]] [[gu:કાર્બન]] [[he:פחמן]] [[hr:Ugljik]] [[hu:Szén]] [[ia:Carbon (elemento)]] [[id:Karbon]] [[io:Karbo]] [[is:Kolefni]] [[it:Carbonio]] [[ja:炭素]] [[jbo:tabno]] [[ko:탄소]] [[la:Carbonium]] [[lb:Kuelestoff]] [[li:Koolstof]] [[lt:Anglis]] [[lv:Ogleklis]] [[mi:Waro]] [[mk:Јаглерод]] [[ms:Karbon]] [[nds:Kohlenstoff]] [[nl:Koolstof]] [[nn:Karbon]] [[no:Karbon (grunnstoff)]] [[oc:Carbòni]] [[pl:Węgiel (pierwiastek)]] [[pt:Carbono]] [[ro:Carbon]] [[ru:Углерод]] [[sh:Ugljenik]] [[simple:Carbon]] [[sk:Uhlík]] [[sl:Ogljik]] [[sr:Угљеник]] [[su:Karbon]] [[sv:Kol]] [[th:คาร์บอน]] [[tr:Karbon]] [[ug:كاربون]] [[uk:Вуглець]] [[vi:Cacbon]] [[wa:Carbone]] [[zh:碳]] [[zh-yue:碳]] 8684 2006-07-01T19:00:38Z Bombo 12 cat {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Kaboni'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:C%2C6.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />O<br />↓<br />[[Siliki|Si]] | align=center | [[Bolo|B]] ← C → [[Azoti|N]] |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:C-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Kaboni |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>6</sub>C |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 14|14]], [[éléments de la période 2|2]], [[éléments du bloc p|p]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | <small>grafite:</small> 2267 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | 0,5 <small>([[graphite]])</small><br />10,0 |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Moíndo <small>(grafite)</small><br />Transparent <small>(diamant)</small> |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 12,0107 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 70 (67) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 77 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 170 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | [[Hélium|He]]2[[Orbitale-s|s]]<sup>2</sup> 2[[Orbitale-p|p]]<sup>2</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2, 4 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | 4, 2<br />netr |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[Exagonal]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | [[Bokási]] [[diamaniétik]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 3 773 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 5 100 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | N/A [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 355,8 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 5,29×10<sup>-6</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 18 350 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 2,55 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 710 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | 61×10<sup>3</sup> [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | 129 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1 086,5 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 2 352,6 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 3<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 4 620,5 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 6 222,7 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 37 831,1 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 47 277,0 kJ/mol |- valign=top !Isotope |- valign=top |Isotope stable | isotope<sup>12</sup>C | an='''98,9''' | n=6 |- valign=top |Isotope stable | isotope<sup>13</sup>C | an=1,1 | n=7 |- valign=top |Isotope instable |isotope<sup>14</sup>C | an=[[trace radioisotope|''trace'']] | pr=5730 [[Mbula|Bambula]] |- valign=top | md=[[désintégration β|β<sup>-</sup>]] | ed=0,156 | pd=<sup>14</sup>[[azoti|N]] [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Koolstof]] [[ar:كربون]] [[bg:Въглерод]] [[bn:কার্বন]] [[ca:Carboni]] [[cs:Uhlík]] [[cy:Carbon]] [[da:Carbon]] [[de:Kohlenstoff]] [[el:Άνθρακας]] [[en:Carbon]] [[eo:Karbono]] [[es:Carbono]] [[et:Süsinik]] [[eu:Karbono]] [[fa:کربن]] [[fi:Hiili]] [[gd:Gualan]] [[gl:Carbono (elemento)]] [[gu:કાર્બન]] [[he:פחמן]] [[hr:Ugljik]] [[hu:Szén]] [[ia:Carbon (elemento)]] [[id:Karbon]] [[io:Karbo]] [[is:Kolefni]] [[it:Carbonio]] [[ja:炭素]] [[jbo:tabno]] [[ko:탄소]] [[la:Carbonium]] [[lb:Kuelestoff]] [[li:Koolstof]] [[lt:Anglis]] [[lv:Ogleklis]] [[mi:Waro]] [[mk:Јаглерод]] [[ms:Karbon]] [[nds:Kohlenstoff]] [[nl:Koolstof]] [[nn:Karbon]] [[no:Karbon (grunnstoff)]] [[oc:Carbòni]] [[pl:Węgiel (pierwiastek)]] [[pt:Carbono]] [[ro:Carbon]] [[ru:Углерод]] [[sh:Ugljenik]] [[simple:Carbon]] [[sk:Uhlík]] [[sl:Ogljik]] [[sr:Угљник]] [[su:Karbon]] [[sv:Kol]] [[th:คาร์บอน]] [[tr:Karbon]] [[ug:كاربون]] [[uk:Вуглець]] [[vi:Cacbon]] [[wa:Carbone]] [[zh:碳]] [[zh-yue:碳]] 8719 2006-07-02T15:37:06Z Ivo3 68 {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Kaboni'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:C%2C6.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />O<br />↓<br />[[Siliki|Si]] | align=center | [[Bolo|B]] ← C → [[Azoti|N]] |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:C-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Kaboni |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>6</sub>C |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 14|14]], [[éléments de la période 2|2]], [[éléments du bloc p|p]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | <small>grafite:</small> 2267 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | 0,5 <small>([[graphite]])</small><br />10,0 |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Moíndo <small>(grafite)</small><br />Transparent <small>(diamant)</small> |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 12,0107 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 70 (67) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 77 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 170 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | [[Hélium|He]]2[[Orbitale-s|s]]<sup>2</sup> 2[[Orbitale-p|p]]<sup>2</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2, 4 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | 4, 2<br />netr |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[Exagonal]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | [[Bokási]] [[diamaniétik]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 3 773 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 5 100 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | N/A [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 355,8 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 5,29×10<sup>-6</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 18 350 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 2,55 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 710 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | 61×10<sup>3</sup> [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | 129 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1 086,5 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 2 352,6 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 3<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 4 620,5 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 6 222,7 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 37 831,1 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 47 277,0 kJ/mol |- valign=top !Isotope |- valign=top |Isotope stable | isotope<sup>12</sup>C | an='''98,9''' | n=6 |- valign=top |Isotope stable | isotope<sup>13</sup>C | an=1,1 | n=7 |- valign=top |Isotope instable |isotope<sup>14</sup>C | an=[[trace radioisotope|''trace'']] | pr=5730 [[Mbula|Bambula]] |- valign=top | md=[[désintégration β|β<sup>-</sup>]] | ed=0,156 | pd=<sup>14</sup>[[azoti|N]] [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Koolstof]] [[ar:كربون]] [[bg:Въглерод]] [[bn:কার্বন]] [[ca:Carboni]] [[cs:Uhlík]] [[cy:Carbon]] [[da:Carbon]] [[de:Kohlenstoff]] [[el:Άνθρακας]] [[en:Carbon]] [[eo:Karbono]] [[es:Carbono]] [[et:Süsinik]] [[eu:Karbono]] [[fr:Carbone]] [[fa:کربن]] [[fi:Hiili]] [[gd:Gualan]] [[gl:Carbono (elemento)]] [[gu:કાર્બન]] [[he:פחמן]] [[hr:Ugljik]] [[hu:Szén]] [[ia:Carbon (elemento)]] [[id:Karbon]] [[io:Karbo]] [[is:Kolefni]] [[it:Carbonio]] [[ja:炭素]] [[jbo:tabno]] [[ko:탄소]] [[la:Carbonium]] [[lb:Kuelestoff]] [[li:Koolstof]] [[lt:Anglis]] [[lv:Ogleklis]] [[mi:Waro]] [[mk:Јаглерод]] [[ms:Karbon]] [[nds:Kohlenstoff]] [[nl:Koolstof]] [[nn:Karbon]] [[no:Karbon (grunnstoff)]] [[oc:Carbòni]] [[pl:Węgiel (pierwiastek)]] [[pt:Carbono]] [[ro:Carbon]] [[ru:Углерод]] [[sh:Ugljenik]] [[simple:Carbon]] [[sk:Uhlík]] [[sl:Ogljik]] [[sr:Угљник]] [[su:Karbon]] [[sv:Kol]] [[th:คาร์บอน]] [[tr:Karbon]] [[ug:كاربون]] [[uk:Вуглець]] [[vi:Cacbon]] [[wa:Carbone]] [[zh:碳]] [[zh-yue:碳]] 8744 2006-07-02T17:52:59Z Ivo3 68 {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Kaboni'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:C%2C6.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />O<br />↓<br />[[Siliki|Si]] | align=center | [[Bolo|B]] ← C → [[Azoti|N]] |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:C-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nkásá ya bankombo|Nkombo]] | Kaboni |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[motanga ya atome|<sub>Z</sub>]][[nkásá ya bilembo|Elembo]] | <sub>6</sub>C |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Seria ya kémi]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lingómba ya Etánda ya bileko|Lingómba]], [[Bileko ya Etánda ya bileko|Eleko]], [[blok ya Etánda ya bileko|blok]] | [[éléments ya lingómba 14|14]], [[éléments ya eleko 2|2]], [[éléments ya glok p|p]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | <small>grafite:</small> 2267 [[kilogrammes na métele cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle ya Mohs|Mohs]] | 0,5 <small>([[grafite]])</small><br />10,0 [[diamant]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Moíndo <small>(grafite)</small><br />Transparent <small>(diamant)</small> |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 12,0107 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 70 (67) [[picométele|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 77 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 170 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration ya baélektron|Configuration<br />ya baélektron]] | [[Eliyúmu|He]]2[[Orbitale-s|s]]<sup>2</sup> 2[[Orbitale-p|p]]<sup>2</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2, 4 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | 4, 2<br />netr |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[Exagonal]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[boyangeli ya bilɔkɔ|Boyangeli nayango]] | [[Bokási]] [[diamaniétik]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Temperature ya fusion|Temperature<br />de fusion]] | 3 773 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Temperature ya vaporisation|Temperature<br />ya vaporisation]] | 5 100 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | N/A [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 355,8 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 5,29×10<sup>-6</sup> [[Métele cube na mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Enyete de vapeur]]<br>(pression) | |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbángo ya son]] | 18 350 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 2,55 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Molungé massique]] | 710 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Ememe ya électrique]] | 61×10<sup>3</sup> [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Ememe ya thermique]] | 129 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1 086,5 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 2 352,6 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 3<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 4 620,5 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 6 222,7 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 37 831,1 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 47 277,0 kJ/mol |- valign=top !Isotope |- valign=top |Isotope stable | isotope<sup>12</sup>C | an='''98,9''' | n=6 |- valign=top |Isotope stable | isotope<sup>13</sup>C | an=1,1 | n=7 |- valign=top |Isotope instable |isotope<sup>14</sup>C | an=[[trace radioisotope|''trace'']] | pr=5730 [[Mbula|Bambula]] |- valign=top | md=[[désintégration β|β<sup>-</sup>]] | ed=0,156 | pd=<sup>14</sup>[[azoti|N]] [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Koolstof]] [[ar:كربون]] [[bg:Въглерод]] [[bn:কার্বন]] [[ca:Carboni]] [[cs:Uhlík]] [[cy:Carbon]] [[da:Carbon]] [[de:Kohlenstoff]] [[el:Άνθρακας]] [[en:Carbon]] [[eo:Karbono]] [[es:Carbono]] [[et:Süsinik]] [[eu:Karbono]] [[fr:Carbone]] [[fa:کربن]] [[fi:Hiili]] [[gd:Gualan]] [[gl:Carbono (elemento)]] [[gu:કાર્બન]] [[he:פחמן]] [[hr:Ugljik]] [[hu:Szén]] [[ia:Carbon (elemento)]] [[id:Karbon]] [[io:Karbo]] [[is:Kolefni]] [[it:Carbonio]] [[ja:炭素]] [[jbo:tabno]] [[ko:탄소]] [[la:Carbonium]] [[lb:Kuelestoff]] [[li:Koolstof]] [[lt:Anglis]] [[lv:Ogleklis]] [[mi:Waro]] [[mk:Јаглерод]] [[ms:Karbon]] [[nds:Kohlenstoff]] [[nl:Koolstof]] [[nn:Karbon]] [[no:Karbon (grunnstoff)]] [[oc:Carbòni]] [[pl:Węgiel (pierwiastek)]] [[pt:Carbono]] [[ro:Carbon]] [[ru:Углерод]] [[sh:Ugljenik]] [[simple:Carbon]] [[sk:Uhlík]] [[sl:Ogljik]] [[sr:Угљник]] [[su:Karbon]] [[sv:Kol]] [[th:คาร์บอน]] [[tr:Karbon]] [[ug:كاربون]] [[uk:Вуглець]] [[vi:Cacbon]] [[wa:Carbone]] [[zh:碳]] [[zh-yue:碳]] 8758 2006-07-02T17:59:52Z Ivo3 68 {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Kaboni'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:C%2C6.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />O<br />↓<br />[[Siliki|Si]] | align=center | [[Bolo|B]] ← C → [[Azoti|N]] |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:C-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nkásá ya bankombo|Nkombo]] | Kaboni |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[motanga ya atome|<sub>Z</sub>]][[nkásá ya bilembo|Elembo]] | <sub>6</sub>C |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Seria ya kémi]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lingómba ya Etánda ya bileko|Lingómba]], [[Bileko ya Etánda ya bileko|Eleko]], [[blok ya Etánda ya bileko|blok]] | [[éléments ya lingómba 14|14]], [[éléments ya eleko 2|2]], [[éléments ya glok p|p]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | <small>grafite:</small> 2267 [[kilogrammes na métele cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle ya Mohs|Mohs]] | 0,5 <small>([[grafite]])</small><br />10,0 [[diamant]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Moíndo <small>(grafite)</small><br />Transparent <small>(diamant)</small> |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 12,0107 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 70 (67) [[picométele|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 77 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 170 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration ya baélektron|Configuration<br />ya baélektron]] | [[Eliyúmu|He]]2[[Orbitale-s|s]]<sup>2</sup> 2[[Orbitale-p|p]]<sup>2</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélektron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2, 4 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | 4, 2<br />netr |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[Exagonal]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[boyangeli ya bilɔkɔ|Boyangeli nayango]] | [[Bokási]] [[diamaniétik]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Temperature ya fusion|Temperature<br />de fusion]] | 3 773 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Temperature ya vaporisation|Temperature<br />ya vaporisation]] | 5 100 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | N/A [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 355,8 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 5,29×10<sup>-6</sup> [[Métele cube na mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Enyete de vapeur]]<br>(pression) | |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbángo ya son]] | 18 350 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 2,55 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Molungé massique]] | 710 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Ememe ya électrique]] | 61×10<sup>3</sup> [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Ememe ya thermique]] | 129 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1 086,5 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 2 352,6 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 3<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 4 620,5 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 6 222,7 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 37 831,1 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 47 277,0 kJ/mol |- valign=top !Isotope |- valign=top |Isotope stable | isotope<sup>12</sup>C | an='''98,9''' | n=6 |- valign=top |Isotope stable | isotope<sup>13</sup>C | an=1,1 | n=7 |- valign=top |Isotope instable |isotope<sup>14</sup>C | an=[[trace radioisotope|''trace'']] | pr=5730 [[Mbula|Bambula]] |- valign=top | md=[[désintégration β|β<sup>-</sup>]] | ed=0,156 | pd=<sup>14</sup>[[azoti|N]] [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Koolstof]] [[ar:كربون]] [[bg:Въглерод]] [[bn:কার্বন]] [[ca:Carboni]] [[cs:Uhlík]] [[cy:Carbon]] [[da:Carbon]] [[de:Kohlenstoff]] [[el:Άνθρακας]] [[en:Carbon]] [[eo:Karbono]] [[es:Carbono]] [[et:Süsinik]] [[eu:Karbono]] [[fr:Carbone]] [[fa:کربن]] [[fi:Hiili]] [[gd:Gualan]] [[gl:Carbono (elemento)]] [[gu:કાર્બન]] [[he:פחמן]] [[hr:Ugljik]] [[hu:Szén]] [[ia:Carbon (elemento)]] [[id:Karbon]] [[io:Karbo]] [[is:Kolefni]] [[it:Carbonio]] [[ja:炭素]] [[jbo:tabno]] [[ko:탄소]] [[la:Carbonium]] [[lb:Kuelestoff]] [[li:Koolstof]] [[lt:Anglis]] [[lv:Ogleklis]] [[mi:Waro]] [[mk:Јаглерод]] [[ms:Karbon]] [[nds:Kohlenstoff]] [[nl:Koolstof]] [[nn:Karbon]] [[no:Karbon (grunnstoff)]] [[oc:Carbòni]] [[pl:Węgiel (pierwiastek)]] [[pt:Carbono]] [[ro:Carbon]] [[ru:Углерод]] [[sh:Ugljenik]] [[simple:Carbon]] [[sk:Uhlík]] [[sl:Ogljik]] [[sr:Угљник]] [[su:Karbon]] [[sv:Kol]] [[th:คาร์บอน]] [[tr:Karbon]] [[ug:كاربون]] [[uk:Вуглець]] [[vi:Cacbon]] [[wa:Carbone]] [[zh:碳]] [[zh-yue:碳]] 8760 2006-07-02T18:02:40Z Ivo3 68 {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Kaboni'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:C%2C6.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />O<br />↓<br />[[Siliki|Si]] | align=center | [[Bolo|B]] ← C → [[Azoti|N]] |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:C-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nkásá ya bankombo|Nkombo]] | Kaboni |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[motanga ya atome|<sub>Z</sub>]][[nkásá ya bilembo|Elembo]] | <sub>6</sub>C |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Seria ya kémi]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lingómba ya Etánda ya bileko|Lingómba]], [[Bileko ya Etánda ya bileko|Eleko]], [[blok ya Etánda ya bileko|blok]] | [[éléments ya lingómba 14|14]], [[éléments ya eleko 2|2]], [[éléments ya glok p|p]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | <small>grafite:</small> 2267 [[kilogrammes na métele cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle ya Mohs|Mohs]] | 0,5 <small>([[grafite]])</small><br />10,0 [[diamant]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Moíndo <small>(grafite)</small><br />Transparent <small>(diamant)</small> |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 12,0107 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 70 (67) [[picométele|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 77 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 170 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration ya baélektron|Configuration<br />ya baélektron]] | [[Eliyúmu|He]]2[[Orbitale-s|s]]<sup>2</sup> 2[[Orbitale-p|p]]<sup>2</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baeléktron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2, 4 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | 4, 2<br />netr |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[Exagonal]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[boyangeli ya bilɔkɔ|Boyangeli nayango]] | [[Bokási]] [[diamaniétik]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Temperature ya fusion|Temperature<br />de fusion]] | 3 773 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Temperature ya vaporisation|Temperature<br />ya vaporisation]] | 5 100 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | N/A [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 355,8 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 5,29×10<sup>-6</sup> [[Métele cube na mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Enyete de vapeur]]<br>(pression) | |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbángo ya son]] | 18 350 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 2,55 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Molungé massique]] | 710 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Ememe ya électrique]] | 61×10<sup>3</sup> [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Ememe ya thermique]] | 129 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1 086,5 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 2 352,6 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 3<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 4 620,5 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 6 222,7 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 37 831,1 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 47 277,0 kJ/mol |- valign=top !Isotope |- valign=top |Isotope stable | isotope<sup>12</sup>C | an='''98,9''' | n=6 |- valign=top |Isotope stable | isotope<sup>13</sup>C | an=1,1 | n=7 |- valign=top |Isotope instable |isotope<sup>14</sup>C | an=[[trace radioisotope|''trace'']] | pr=5730 [[Mbula|Bambula]] |- valign=top | md=[[désintégration β|β<sup>-</sup>]] | ed=0,156 | pd=<sup>14</sup>[[azoti|N]] [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Koolstof]] [[ar:كربون]] [[bg:Въглерод]] [[bn:কার্বন]] [[ca:Carboni]] [[cs:Uhlík]] [[cy:Carbon]] [[da:Carbon]] [[de:Kohlenstoff]] [[el:Άνθρακας]] [[en:Carbon]] [[eo:Karbono]] [[es:Carbono]] [[et:Süsinik]] [[eu:Karbono]] [[fr:Carbone]] [[fa:کربن]] [[fi:Hiili]] [[gd:Gualan]] [[gl:Carbono (elemento)]] [[gu:કાર્બન]] [[he:פחמן]] [[hr:Ugljik]] [[hu:Szén]] [[ia:Carbon (elemento)]] [[id:Karbon]] [[io:Karbo]] [[is:Kolefni]] [[it:Carbonio]] [[ja:炭素]] [[jbo:tabno]] [[ko:탄소]] [[la:Carbonium]] [[lb:Kuelestoff]] [[li:Koolstof]] [[lt:Anglis]] [[lv:Ogleklis]] [[mi:Waro]] [[mk:Јаглерод]] [[ms:Karbon]] [[nds:Kohlenstoff]] [[nl:Koolstof]] [[nn:Karbon]] [[no:Karbon (grunnstoff)]] [[oc:Carbòni]] [[pl:Węgiel (pierwiastek)]] [[pt:Carbono]] [[ro:Carbon]] [[ru:Углерод]] [[sh:Ugljenik]] [[simple:Carbon]] [[sk:Uhlík]] [[sl:Ogljik]] [[sr:Угљник]] [[su:Karbon]] [[sv:Kol]] [[th:คาร์บอน]] [[tr:Karbon]] [[ug:كاربون]] [[uk:Вуглець]] [[vi:Cacbon]] [[wa:Carbone]] [[zh:碳]] [[zh-yue:碳]] 9029 2006-08-02T05:57:30Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: ast, ta, tl Modifie: sr {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Kaboni'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:C%2C6.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />O<br />↓<br />[[Siliki|Si]] | align=center | [[Bolo|B]] ← C → [[Azoti|N]] |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:C-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nkásá ya bankombo|Nkombo]] | Kaboni |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[motanga ya atome|<sub>Z</sub>]][[nkásá ya bilembo|Elembo]] | <sub>6</sub>C |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Seria ya kémi]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lingómba ya Etánda ya bileko|Lingómba]], [[Bileko ya Etánda ya bileko|Eleko]], [[blok ya Etánda ya bileko|blok]] | [[éléments ya lingómba 14|14]], [[éléments ya eleko 2|2]], [[éléments ya glok p|p]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | <small>grafite:</small> 2267 [[kilogrammes na métele cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle ya Mohs|Mohs]] | 0,5 <small>([[grafite]])</small><br />10,0 [[diamant]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Moíndo <small>(grafite)</small><br />Transparent <small>(diamant)</small> |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 12,0107 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 70 (67) [[picométele|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 77 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 170 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration ya baélektron|Configuration<br />ya baélektron]] | [[Eliyúmu|He]]2[[Orbitale-s|s]]<sup>2</sup> 2[[Orbitale-p|p]]<sup>2</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baeléktron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2, 4 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | 4, 2<br />netr |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[Exagonal]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[boyangeli ya bilɔkɔ|Boyangeli nayango]] | [[Bokási]] [[diamaniétik]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Temperature ya fusion|Temperature<br />de fusion]] | 3 773 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Temperature ya vaporisation|Temperature<br />ya vaporisation]] | 5 100 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | N/A [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 355,8 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 5,29×10<sup>-6</sup> [[Métele cube na mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Enyete de vapeur]]<br>(pression) | |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbángo ya son]] | 18 350 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 2,55 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Molungé massique]] | 710 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Ememe ya électrique]] | 61×10<sup>3</sup> [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Ememe ya thermique]] | 129 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1 086,5 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 2 352,6 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 3<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 4 620,5 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 6 222,7 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 37 831,1 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 47 277,0 kJ/mol |- valign=top !Isotope |- valign=top |Isotope stable | isotope<sup>12</sup>C | an='''98,9''' | n=6 |- valign=top |Isotope stable | isotope<sup>13</sup>C | an=1,1 | n=7 |- valign=top |Isotope instable |isotope<sup>14</sup>C | an=[[trace radioisotope|''trace'']] | pr=5730 [[Mbula|Bambula]] |- valign=top | md=[[désintégration β|β<sup>-</sup>]] | ed=0,156 | pd=<sup>14</sup>[[azoti|N]] [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Koolstof]] [[ar:كربون]] [[ast:Carbonu]] [[bg:Въглерод]] [[bn:কার্বন]] [[ca:Carboni]] [[cs:Uhlík]] [[cy:Carbon]] [[da:Carbon]] [[de:Kohlenstoff]] [[el:Άνθρακας]] [[en:Carbon]] [[eo:Karbono]] [[es:Carbono]] [[et:Süsinik]] [[eu:Karbono]] [[fa:کربن]] [[fi:Hiili]] [[fr:Carbone]] [[gd:Gualan]] [[gl:Carbono (elemento)]] [[gu:કાર્બન]] [[he:פחמן]] [[hr:Ugljik]] [[hu:Szén]] [[ia:Carbon (elemento)]] [[id:Karbon]] [[io:Karbo]] [[is:Kolefni]] [[it:Carbonio]] [[ja:炭素]] [[jbo:tabno]] [[ko:탄소]] [[la:Carbonium]] [[lb:Kuelestoff]] [[li:Koolstof]] [[lt:Anglis]] [[lv:Ogleklis]] [[mi:Waro]] [[mk:Јаглерод]] [[ms:Karbon]] [[nds:Kohlenstoff]] [[nl:Koolstof]] [[nn:Karbon]] [[no:Karbon (grunnstoff)]] [[oc:Carbòni]] [[pl:Węgiel (pierwiastek)]] [[pt:Carbono]] [[ro:Carbon]] [[ru:Углерод]] [[sh:Ugljenik]] [[simple:Carbon]] [[sk:Uhlík]] [[sl:Ogljik]] [[sr:Угљеник]] [[su:Karbon]] [[sv:Kol]] [[ta:கரிமம்]] [[th:คาร์บอน]] [[tl:Karbon]] [[tr:Karbon]] [[ug:كاربون]] [[uk:Вуглець]] [[vi:Cacbon]] [[wa:Carbone]] [[zh:碳]] [[zh-yue:碳]] 9178 2006-08-27T09:34:51Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[zh-min-nan:C (goân-sò͘)]] {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Kaboni'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:C%2C6.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />O<br />↓<br />[[Siliki|Si]] | align=center | [[Bolo|B]] ← C → [[Azoti|N]] |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:C-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nkásá ya bankombo|Nkombo]] | Kaboni |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[motanga ya atome|<sub>Z</sub>]][[nkásá ya bilembo|Elembo]] | <sub>6</sub>C |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Seria ya kémi]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lingómba ya Etánda ya bileko|Lingómba]], [[Bileko ya Etánda ya bileko|Eleko]], [[blok ya Etánda ya bileko|blok]] | [[éléments ya lingómba 14|14]], [[éléments ya eleko 2|2]], [[éléments ya glok p|p]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | <small>grafite:</small> 2267 [[kilogrammes na métele cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle ya Mohs|Mohs]] | 0,5 <small>([[grafite]])</small><br />10,0 [[diamant]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Moíndo <small>(grafite)</small><br />Transparent <small>(diamant)</small> |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 12,0107 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 70 (67) [[picométele|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 77 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 170 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration ya baélektron|Configuration<br />ya baélektron]] | [[Eliyúmu|He]]2[[Orbitale-s|s]]<sup>2</sup> 2[[Orbitale-p|p]]<sup>2</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baeléktron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2, 4 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | 4, 2<br />netr |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[Exagonal]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[boyangeli ya bilɔkɔ|Boyangeli nayango]] | [[Bokási]] [[diamaniétik]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Temperature ya fusion|Temperature<br />de fusion]] | 3 773 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Temperature ya vaporisation|Temperature<br />ya vaporisation]] | 5 100 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | N/A [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 355,8 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 5,29×10<sup>-6</sup> [[Métele cube na mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Enyete de vapeur]]<br>(pression) | |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbángo ya son]] | 18 350 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 2,55 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Molungé massique]] | 710 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Ememe ya électrique]] | 61×10<sup>3</sup> [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Ememe ya thermique]] | 129 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1 086,5 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 2 352,6 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 3<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 4 620,5 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 6 222,7 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 37 831,1 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 47 277,0 kJ/mol |- valign=top !Isotope |- valign=top |Isotope stable | isotope<sup>12</sup>C | an='''98,9''' | n=6 |- valign=top |Isotope stable | isotope<sup>13</sup>C | an=1,1 | n=7 |- valign=top |Isotope instable |isotope<sup>14</sup>C | an=[[trace radioisotope|''trace'']] | pr=5730 [[Mbula|Bambula]] |- valign=top | md=[[désintégration β|β<sup>-</sup>]] | ed=0,156 | pd=<sup>14</sup>[[azoti|N]] [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Koolstof]] [[ar:كربون]] [[ast:Carbonu]] [[bg:Въглерод]] [[bn:কার্বন]] [[ca:Carboni]] [[cs:Uhlík]] [[cy:Carbon]] [[da:Carbon]] [[de:Kohlenstoff]] [[el:Άνθρακας]] [[en:Carbon]] [[eo:Karbono]] [[es:Carbono]] [[et:Süsinik]] [[eu:Karbono]] [[fa:کربن]] [[fi:Hiili]] [[fr:Carbone]] [[gd:Gualan]] [[gl:Carbono (elemento)]] [[gu:કાર્બન]] [[he:פחמן]] [[hr:Ugljik]] [[hu:Szén]] [[ia:Carbon (elemento)]] [[id:Karbon]] [[io:Karbo]] [[is:Kolefni]] [[it:Carbonio]] [[ja:炭素]] [[jbo:tabno]] [[ko:탄소]] [[la:Carbonium]] [[lb:Kuelestoff]] [[li:Koolstof]] [[lt:Anglis]] [[lv:Ogleklis]] [[mi:Waro]] [[mk:Јаглерод]] [[ms:Karbon]] [[nds:Kohlenstoff]] [[nl:Koolstof]] [[nn:Karbon]] [[no:Karbon (grunnstoff)]] [[oc:Carbòni]] [[pl:Węgiel (pierwiastek)]] [[pt:Carbono]] [[ro:Carbon]] [[ru:Углерод]] [[sh:Ugljenik]] [[simple:Carbon]] [[sk:Uhlík]] [[sl:Ogljik]] [[sr:Угљеник]] [[su:Karbon]] [[sv:Kol]] [[ta:கரிமம்]] [[th:คาร์บอน]] [[tl:Karbon]] [[tr:Karbon]] [[ug:كاربون]] [[uk:Вуглець]] [[vi:Cacbon]] [[wa:Carbone]] [[zh:碳]] [[zh-min-nan:C (goân-sò͘)]] [[zh-yue:碳]] 9667 2006-11-04T06:16:53Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: co, hy, lmo, sq, tg, uz {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Kaboni'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:C%2C6.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />O<br />↓<br />[[Siliki|Si]] | align=center | [[Bolo|B]] ← C → [[Azoti|N]] |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:C-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nkásá ya bankombo|Nkombo]] | Kaboni |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[motanga ya atome|<sub>Z</sub>]][[nkásá ya bilembo|Elembo]] | <sub>6</sub>C |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Seria ya kémi]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lingómba ya Etánda ya bileko|Lingómba]], [[Bileko ya Etánda ya bileko|Eleko]], [[blok ya Etánda ya bileko|blok]] | [[éléments ya lingómba 14|14]], [[éléments ya eleko 2|2]], [[éléments ya glok p|p]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | <small>grafite:</small> 2267 [[kilogrammes na métele cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle ya Mohs|Mohs]] | 0,5 <small>([[grafite]])</small><br />10,0 [[diamant]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Moíndo <small>(grafite)</small><br />Transparent <small>(diamant)</small> |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 12,0107 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 70 (67) [[picométele|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 77 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 170 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration ya baélektron|Configuration<br />ya baélektron]] | [[Eliyúmu|He]]2[[Orbitale-s|s]]<sup>2</sup> 2[[Orbitale-p|p]]<sup>2</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baeléktron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2, 4 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | 4, 2<br />netr |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[Exagonal]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[boyangeli ya bilɔkɔ|Boyangeli nayango]] | [[Bokási]] [[diamaniétik]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Temperature ya fusion|Temperature<br />de fusion]] | 3 773 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Temperature ya vaporisation|Temperature<br />ya vaporisation]] | 5 100 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | N/A [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 355,8 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 5,29×10<sup>-6</sup> [[Métele cube na mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Enyete de vapeur]]<br>(pression) | |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbángo ya son]] | 18 350 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 2,55 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Molungé massique]] | 710 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Ememe ya électrique]] | 61×10<sup>3</sup> [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Ememe ya thermique]] | 129 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1 086,5 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 2 352,6 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 3<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 4 620,5 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 6 222,7 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 37 831,1 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 47 277,0 kJ/mol |- valign=top !Isotope |- valign=top |Isotope stable | isotope<sup>12</sup>C | an='''98,9''' | n=6 |- valign=top |Isotope stable | isotope<sup>13</sup>C | an=1,1 | n=7 |- valign=top |Isotope instable |isotope<sup>14</sup>C | an=[[trace radioisotope|''trace'']] | pr=5730 [[Mbula|Bambula]] |- valign=top | md=[[désintégration β|β<sup>-</sup>]] | ed=0,156 | pd=<sup>14</sup>[[azoti|N]] [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Koolstof]] [[ar:كربون]] [[ast:Carbonu]] [[bg:Въглерод]] [[bn:কার্বন]] [[ca:Carboni]] [[co:Carboniu]] [[cs:Uhlík]] [[cy:Carbon]] [[da:Carbon]] [[de:Kohlenstoff]] [[el:Άνθρακας]] [[en:Carbon]] [[eo:Karbono]] [[es:Carbono]] [[et:Süsinik]] [[eu:Karbono]] [[fa:کربن]] [[fi:Hiili]] [[fr:Carbone]] [[gd:Gualan]] [[gl:Carbono (elemento)]] [[gu:કાર્બન]] [[he:פחמן]] [[hr:Ugljik]] [[hu:Szén]] [[hy:Ածխածին]] [[ia:Carbon (elemento)]] [[id:Karbon]] [[io:Karbo]] [[is:Kolefni]] [[it:Carbonio]] [[ja:炭素]] [[jbo:tabno]] [[ko:탄소]] [[la:Carbonium]] [[lb:Kuelestoff]] [[li:Koolstof]] [[lmo:Carbòni]] [[lt:Anglis]] [[lv:Ogleklis]] [[mi:Waro]] [[mk:Јаглерод]] [[ms:Karbon]] [[nds:Kohlenstoff]] [[nl:Koolstof]] [[nn:Karbon]] [[no:Karbon (grunnstoff)]] [[oc:Carbòni]] [[pl:Węgiel (pierwiastek)]] [[pt:Carbono]] [[ro:Carbon]] [[ru:Углерод]] [[sh:Ugljenik]] [[simple:Carbon]] [[sk:Uhlík]] [[sl:Ogljik]] [[sq:Karboni]] [[sr:Угљеник]] [[su:Karbon]] [[sv:Kol]] [[ta:கரிமம்]] [[tg:Карбон]] [[th:คาร์บอน]] [[tl:Karbon]] [[tr:Karbon]] [[ug:كاربون]] [[uk:Вуглець]] [[uz:Uglerod]] [[vi:Cacbon]] [[wa:Carbone]] [[zh:碳]] [[zh-min-nan:C (goân-sò͘)]] [[zh-yue:碳]] 9890 2006-11-28T08:35:27Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[nov:Karbo]] {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Kaboni'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:C%2C6.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />O<br />↓<br />[[Siliki|Si]] | align=center | [[Bolo|B]] ← C → [[Azoti|N]] |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:C-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nkásá ya bankombo|Nkombo]] | Kaboni |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[motanga ya atome|<sub>Z</sub>]][[nkásá ya bilembo|Elembo]] | <sub>6</sub>C |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Seria ya kémi]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lingómba ya Etánda ya bileko|Lingómba]], [[Bileko ya Etánda ya bileko|Eleko]], [[blok ya Etánda ya bileko|blok]] | [[éléments ya lingómba 14|14]], [[éléments ya eleko 2|2]], [[éléments ya glok p|p]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | <small>grafite:</small> 2267 [[kilogrammes na métele cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle ya Mohs|Mohs]] | 0,5 <small>([[grafite]])</small><br />10,0 [[diamant]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Moíndo <small>(grafite)</small><br />Transparent <small>(diamant)</small> |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 12,0107 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 70 (67) [[picométele|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 77 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 170 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration ya baélektron|Configuration<br />ya baélektron]] | [[Eliyúmu|He]]2[[Orbitale-s|s]]<sup>2</sup> 2[[Orbitale-p|p]]<sup>2</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baeléktron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2, 4 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | 4, 2<br />netr |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[Exagonal]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[boyangeli ya bilɔkɔ|Boyangeli nayango]] | [[Bokási]] [[diamaniétik]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Temperature ya fusion|Temperature<br />de fusion]] | 3 773 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Temperature ya vaporisation|Temperature<br />ya vaporisation]] | 5 100 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | N/A [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 355,8 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 5,29×10<sup>-6</sup> [[Métele cube na mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Enyete de vapeur]]<br>(pression) | |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbángo ya son]] | 18 350 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 2,55 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Molungé massique]] | 710 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Ememe ya électrique]] | 61×10<sup>3</sup> [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Ememe ya thermique]] | 129 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1 086,5 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 2 352,6 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 3<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 4 620,5 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 6 222,7 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 37 831,1 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 47 277,0 kJ/mol |- valign=top !Isotope |- valign=top |Isotope stable | isotope<sup>12</sup>C | an='''98,9''' | n=6 |- valign=top |Isotope stable | isotope<sup>13</sup>C | an=1,1 | n=7 |- valign=top |Isotope instable |isotope<sup>14</sup>C | an=[[trace radioisotope|''trace'']] | pr=5730 [[Mbula|Bambula]] |- valign=top | md=[[désintégration β|β<sup>-</sup>]] | ed=0,156 | pd=<sup>14</sup>[[azoti|N]] [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Koolstof]] [[ar:كربون]] [[ast:Carbonu]] [[bg:Въглерод]] [[bn:কার্বন]] [[ca:Carboni]] [[co:Carboniu]] [[cs:Uhlík]] [[cy:Carbon]] [[da:Carbon]] [[de:Kohlenstoff]] [[el:Άνθρακας]] [[en:Carbon]] [[eo:Karbono]] [[es:Carbono]] [[et:Süsinik]] [[eu:Karbono]] [[fa:کربن]] [[fi:Hiili]] [[fr:Carbone]] [[gd:Gualan]] [[gl:Carbono (elemento)]] [[gu:કાર્બન]] [[he:פחמן]] [[hr:Ugljik]] [[hu:Szén]] [[hy:Ածխածին]] [[ia:Carbon (elemento)]] [[id:Karbon]] [[io:Karbo]] [[is:Kolefni]] [[it:Carbonio]] [[ja:炭素]] [[jbo:tabno]] [[ko:탄소]] [[la:Carbonium]] [[lb:Kuelestoff]] [[li:Koolstof]] [[lmo:Carbòni]] [[lt:Anglis]] [[lv:Ogleklis]] [[mi:Waro]] [[mk:Јаглерод]] [[ms:Karbon]] [[nds:Kohlenstoff]] [[nl:Koolstof]] [[nn:Karbon]] [[no:Karbon (grunnstoff)]] [[nov:Karbo]] [[oc:Carbòni]] [[pl:Węgiel (pierwiastek)]] [[pt:Carbono]] [[ro:Carbon]] [[ru:Углерод]] [[sh:Ugljenik]] [[simple:Carbon]] [[sk:Uhlík]] [[sl:Ogljik]] [[sq:Karboni]] [[sr:Угљеник]] [[su:Karbon]] [[sv:Kol]] [[ta:கரிமம்]] [[tg:Карбон]] [[th:คาร์บอน]] [[tl:Karbon]] [[tr:Karbon]] [[ug:كاربون]] [[uk:Вуглець]] [[uz:Uglerod]] [[vi:Cacbon]] [[wa:Carbone]] [[zh:碳]] [[zh-min-nan:C (goân-sò͘)]] [[zh-yue:碳]] 9977 2006-12-15T13:12:29Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[qu:K'illimsayaq]] {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Kaboni'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:C%2C6.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />O<br />↓<br />[[Siliki|Si]] | align=center | [[Bolo|B]] ← C → [[Azoti|N]] |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:C-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nkásá ya bankombo|Nkombo]] | Kaboni |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[motanga ya atome|<sub>Z</sub>]][[nkásá ya bilembo|Elembo]] | <sub>6</sub>C |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Seria ya kémi]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lingómba ya Etánda ya bileko|Lingómba]], [[Bileko ya Etánda ya bileko|Eleko]], [[blok ya Etánda ya bileko|blok]] | [[éléments ya lingómba 14|14]], [[éléments ya eleko 2|2]], [[éléments ya glok p|p]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | <small>grafite:</small> 2267 [[kilogrammes na métele cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle ya Mohs|Mohs]] | 0,5 <small>([[grafite]])</small><br />10,0 [[diamant]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Moíndo <small>(grafite)</small><br />Transparent <small>(diamant)</small> |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 12,0107 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 70 (67) [[picométele|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 77 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 170 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration ya baélektron|Configuration<br />ya baélektron]] | [[Eliyúmu|He]]2[[Orbitale-s|s]]<sup>2</sup> 2[[Orbitale-p|p]]<sup>2</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baeléktron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2, 4 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | 4, 2<br />netr |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[Exagonal]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[boyangeli ya bilɔkɔ|Boyangeli nayango]] | [[Bokási]] [[diamaniétik]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Temperature ya fusion|Temperature<br />de fusion]] | 3 773 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Temperature ya vaporisation|Temperature<br />ya vaporisation]] | 5 100 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | N/A [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 355,8 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 5,29×10<sup>-6</sup> [[Métele cube na mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Enyete de vapeur]]<br>(pression) | |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbángo ya son]] | 18 350 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 2,55 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Molungé massique]] | 710 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Ememe ya électrique]] | 61×10<sup>3</sup> [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Ememe ya thermique]] | 129 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1 086,5 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 2 352,6 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 3<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 4 620,5 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 6 222,7 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 37 831,1 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 47 277,0 kJ/mol |- valign=top !Isotope |- valign=top |Isotope stable | isotope<sup>12</sup>C | an='''98,9''' | n=6 |- valign=top |Isotope stable | isotope<sup>13</sup>C | an=1,1 | n=7 |- valign=top |Isotope instable |isotope<sup>14</sup>C | an=[[trace radioisotope|''trace'']] | pr=5730 [[Mbula|Bambula]] |- valign=top | md=[[désintégration β|β<sup>-</sup>]] | ed=0,156 | pd=<sup>14</sup>[[azoti|N]] [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Koolstof]] [[ar:كربون]] [[ast:Carbonu]] [[bg:Въглерод]] [[bn:কার্বন]] [[ca:Carboni]] [[co:Carboniu]] [[cs:Uhlík]] [[cy:Carbon]] [[da:Carbon]] [[de:Kohlenstoff]] [[el:Άνθρακας]] [[en:Carbon]] [[eo:Karbono]] [[es:Carbono]] [[et:Süsinik]] [[eu:Karbono]] [[fa:کربن]] [[fi:Hiili]] [[fr:Carbone]] [[gd:Gualan]] [[gl:Carbono (elemento)]] [[gu:કાર્બન]] [[he:פחמן]] [[hr:Ugljik]] [[hu:Szén]] [[hy:Ածխածին]] [[ia:Carbon (elemento)]] [[id:Karbon]] [[io:Karbo]] [[is:Kolefni]] [[it:Carbonio]] [[ja:炭素]] [[jbo:tabno]] [[ko:탄소]] [[la:Carbonium]] [[lb:Kuelestoff]] [[li:Koolstof]] [[lmo:Carbòni]] [[lt:Anglis]] [[lv:Ogleklis]] [[mi:Waro]] [[mk:Јаглерод]] [[ms:Karbon]] [[nds:Kohlenstoff]] [[nl:Koolstof]] [[nn:Karbon]] [[no:Karbon (grunnstoff)]] [[nov:Karbo]] [[oc:Carbòni]] [[pl:Węgiel (pierwiastek)]] [[pt:Carbono]] [[qu:K'illimsayaq]] [[ro:Carbon]] [[ru:Углерод]] [[sh:Ugljenik]] [[simple:Carbon]] [[sk:Uhlík]] [[sl:Ogljik]] [[sq:Karboni]] [[sr:Угљеник]] [[su:Karbon]] [[sv:Kol]] [[ta:கரிமம்]] [[tg:Карбон]] [[th:คาร์บอน]] [[tl:Karbon]] [[tr:Karbon]] [[ug:كاربون]] [[uk:Вуглець]] [[uz:Uglerod]] [[vi:Cacbon]] [[wa:Carbone]] [[zh:碳]] [[zh-min-nan:C (goân-sò͘)]] [[zh-yue:碳]] Azoti 2331 8499 2006-06-30T19:51:01Z Ivo3 68 {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Azoti'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:N%2C7-thumb.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />N<br />↓<br />[[Fosofo|P]] | align=center | [[Kaboni|C]] ← N → [[oksijɛ́ní|O]] |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:N-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Azoti |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>6</sub>N |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 15|15]], [[éléments de la période 2|2]], [[éléments du bloc p|p]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 1,2506 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | NA |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Ezaty |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 14,0067 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 65 (56) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 75 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 155 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | [[Hélium|He]]2[[Orbitale-s|s]]<sup>2</sup> 2[[Orbitale-p|p]]<sup>3</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2, 5 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | +3,5,4,2,0,-3 <br />[[acide]] fort |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[Exagonal]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | Gaz |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 63,14 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 77,35 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 0,3604 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 2,7928 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 13,54×10<sup>-3</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 334,5 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 3,04 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 1040 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | 10<sup>6</sup> [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | 0,02598 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1402,3 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 2856 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 3<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 4578,1 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 7475 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! colspan=2 bgcolor=#a0ffa0 | Isotopes les plus stables |----- | colspan=2 | {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 width="100%" |----- ! [[Isotope|iso]] ! [[abondance naturelle|AN]] ! [[période radioactive|période]] ! [[mode de désintégration|MD]] |align=center| [[énergie de désintégration|'''Ed''']] [[MeV]] ! [[produit de désintégration|PD]] |----- align=center | <sup>13</sup>N || [[radioisotope synthétique|{syn.}]] | 9,965 m || [[capture électronique|ε]] || 2,22 | [[carbone|<sup>13</sup>C]] |----- align=center | <sup>14</sup>N || 99,634 % | colspan=4 | N est stable avec 7 [[neutron]]s |----- align=center | <sup>15</sup>N || 0,366 % | colspan=4 | N est stable avec 8 neutrons |} 8685 2006-07-01T19:01:17Z Bombo 12 cat {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Azoti'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:N%2C7-thumb.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />N<br />↓<br />[[Fosofo|P]] | align=center | [[Kaboni|C]] ← N → [[oksijɛ́ní|O]] |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:N-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Azoti |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>6</sub>N |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 15|15]], [[éléments de la période 2|2]], [[éléments du bloc p|p]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 1,2506 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | NA |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Ezaty |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 14,0067 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 65 (56) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 75 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 155 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | [[Hélium|He]]2[[Orbitale-s|s]]<sup>2</sup> 2[[Orbitale-p|p]]<sup>3</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2, 5 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | +3,5,4,2,0,-3 <br />[[acide]] fort |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[Exagonal]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | Gaz |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 63,14 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 77,35 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 0,3604 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 2,7928 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 13,54×10<sup>-3</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 334,5 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[chelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 3,04 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 1040 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | 10<sup>6</sup> [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | 0,02598 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1402,3 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 2856 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 3<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 4578,1 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 7475 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! colspan=2 bgcolor=#a0ffa0 | Isotopes les plus stables |----- | colspan=2 | {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 width="100%" |----- ! [[Isotope|iso]] ! [[abondance naturelle|AN]] ! [[période radioactive|période]] ! [[mode de désintégration|MD]] |align=center| [[énergie de désintégration|'''Ed''']] [[MeV]] ! [[produit de désintégration|PD]] |----- align=center | <sup>13</sup>N || [[radioisotope synthétique|{syn.}]] | 9,965 m || [[capture électronique|ε]] || 2,22 | [[carbone|<sup>13</sup>C]] |----- align=center | <sup>14</sup>N || 99,634 % | colspan=4 | N est stable avec 7 [[neutron]]s |----- align=center | <sup>15</sup>N || 0,366 % | colspan=4 | N est stable avec 8 neutrons |} [[Category:Kémi]] 8686 2006-07-01T19:02:03Z Bombo 12 cat {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Azoti'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:N%2C7-thumb.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />?<br />N<br />?<br />[[Fosofo|P]] | align=center | [[Kaboni|C]] ? N ? [[oksij?n�|O]] |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:N-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Et�nda ya bileko|Et�nda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des �l�ments par nom|Nkombo]] | Azoti |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[num�ro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des �l�ments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>6</sub>N |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[S�rie chimique]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau p�riodique|Ling�mba]], [[p�riode du tableau p�riodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau p�riodique|blok]] | [[�l�ments du groupe 15|15]], [[�l�ments de la p�riode 2|2]], [[�l�ments du bloc p|p]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 1,2506 [[kilogrammes par m�tre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[�chelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | NA |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[L�ngi]] | Ezaty |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 14,0067 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 65 (56) [[picom�tre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 75 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 155 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration �lectronique|Configuration<br />�lectronique]] | [[H�lium|He]]2[[Orbitale-s|s]]<sup>2</sup> 2[[Orbitale-p|p]]<sup>3</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Ba�lectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'�nergie]] | 2, 5 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(�tat) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | +3,5,4,2,0,-3 <br />[[acide]] fort |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[Exagonal]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya F�z�k� |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[�tat de la mati�re|�tat ordinaire]] | Gaz |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[temp�rature de fusion|Temp�rature<br />de fusion]] | 63,14 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[temp�rature de vaporisation|Temp�rature<br />de vaporisation]] | 77,35 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[�nergie de fusion]] | 0,3604 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[�nergie de vaporisation|�nergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 2,7928 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 13,54�10<sup>-3</sup> [[M�tre cube par mole|m�/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 334,5 [[m�tre par seconde|m/s]] � 20 �C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[�lectron�gativit�]]<br />([[chelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 3,04 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 1040 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivit� �lectrique]] | 10<sup>6</sup> [[siemens (unit�)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivit� thermique]] | 0,02598 [[Watt par m�tre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1402,3 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 2856 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 3<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 4578,1 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 7475 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! colspan=2 bgcolor=#a0ffa0 | Isotopes les plus stables |----- | colspan=2 | {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 width="100%" |----- ! [[Isotope|iso]] ! [[abondance naturelle|AN]] ! [[p�riode radioactive|p�riode]] ! [[mode de d�sint�gration|MD]] |align=center| [[�nergie de d�sint�gration|'''Ed''']] [[MeV]] ! [[produit de d�sint�gration|PD]] |----- align=center | <sup>13</sup>N || [[radioisotope synth�tique|{syn.}]] | 9,965 m || [[capture �lectronique|?]] || 2,22 | [[carbone|<sup>13</sup>C]] |----- align=center | <sup>14</sup>N || 99,634 % | colspan=4 | N est stable avec 7 [[neutron]]s |----- align=center | <sup>15</sup>N || 0,366 % | colspan=4 | N est stable avec 8 neutrons |} [[Category:K�mi]] 8687 2006-07-01T19:03:11Z Bombo 12 Reverted edit of Bombo, changed back to last version by Ivo3 {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Azoti'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:N%2C7-thumb.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />N<br />↓<br />[[Fosofo|P]] | align=center | [[Kaboni|C]] ← N → [[oksijɛ́ní|O]] |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:N-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Azoti |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>6</sub>N |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 15|15]], [[éléments de la période 2|2]], [[éléments du bloc p|p]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 1,2506 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | NA |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Ezaty |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 14,0067 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 65 (56) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 75 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 155 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | [[Hélium|He]]2[[Orbitale-s|s]]<sup>2</sup> 2[[Orbitale-p|p]]<sup>3</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2, 5 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | +3,5,4,2,0,-3 <br />[[acide]] fort |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[Exagonal]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | Gaz |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 63,14 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 77,35 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 0,3604 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 2,7928 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 13,54×10<sup>-3</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 334,5 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 3,04 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 1040 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | 10<sup>6</sup> [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | 0,02598 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1402,3 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 2856 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 3<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 4578,1 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 7475 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! colspan=2 bgcolor=#a0ffa0 | Isotopes les plus stables |----- | colspan=2 | {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 width="100%" |----- ! [[Isotope|iso]] ! [[abondance naturelle|AN]] ! [[période radioactive|période]] ! [[mode de désintégration|MD]] |align=center| [[énergie de désintégration|'''Ed''']] [[MeV]] ! [[produit de désintégration|PD]] |----- align=center | <sup>13</sup>N || [[radioisotope synthétique|{syn.}]] | 9,965 m || [[capture électronique|ε]] || 2,22 | [[carbone|<sup>13</sup>C]] |----- align=center | <sup>14</sup>N || 99,634 % | colspan=4 | N est stable avec 7 [[neutron]]s |----- align=center | <sup>15</sup>N || 0,366 % | colspan=4 | N est stable avec 8 neutrons |} 8688 2006-07-01T19:04:19Z Bombo 12 cat {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Azoti'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:N%2C7-thumb.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />N<br />↓<br />[[Fosofo|P]] | align=center | [[Kaboni|C]] ← N → [[oksijɛ́ní|O]] |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:N-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Azoti |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>6</sub>N |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 15|15]], [[éléments de la période 2|2]], [[éléments du bloc p|p]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 1,2506 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | NA |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Ezaty |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 14,0067 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 65 (56) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 75 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 155 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | [[Hélium|He]]2[[Orbitale-s|s]]<sup>2</sup> 2[[Orbitale-p|p]]<sup>3</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2, 5 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | +3,5,4,2,0,-3 <br />[[acide]] fort |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[Exagonal]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | Gaz |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 63,14 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 77,35 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 0,3604 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 2,7928 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 13,54×10<sup>-3</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 334,5 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 3,04 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 1040 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | 10<sup>6</sup> [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | 0,02598 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1402,3 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 2856 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 3<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 4578,1 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 7475 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! colspan=2 bgcolor=#a0ffa0 | Isotopes les plus stables |----- | colspan=2 | {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 width="100%" |----- ! [[Isotope|iso]] ! [[abondance naturelle|AN]] ! [[période radioactive|période]] ! [[mode de désintégration|MD]] |align=center| [[énergie de désintégration|'''Ed''']] [[MeV]] ! [[produit de désintégration|PD]] |----- align=center | <sup>13</sup>N || [[radioisotope synthétique|{syn.}]] | 9,965 m || [[capture électronique|ε]] || 2,22 | [[carbone|<sup>13</sup>C]] |----- align=center | <sup>14</sup>N || 99,634 % | colspan=4 | N est stable avec 7 [[neutron]]s |----- align=center | <sup>15</sup>N || 0,366 % | colspan=4 | N est stable avec 8 neutrons |} [[Category:Kémi]] 8715 2006-07-02T14:59:52Z Ivo3 68 {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Azoti'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:N%2C7-thumb.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />N<br />↓<br />[[Fosofo|P]] | align=center | [[Kaboni|C]] ← N → [[oksijɛ́ní|O]] |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:N-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Azoti |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>6</sub>N |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 15|15]], [[éléments de la période 2|2]], [[éléments du bloc p|p]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 1,2506 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | NA |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Ezaty |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 14,0067 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 65 (56) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 75 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 155 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | [[Hélium|He]]2[[Orbitale-s|s]]<sup>2</sup> 2[[Orbitale-p|p]]<sup>3</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2, 5 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | +3,5,4,2,0,-3 <br />[[acide]] ya makasi |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[Exagonal]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | Gaz |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 63,14 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 77,35 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 0,3604 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 2,7928 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 13,54×10<sup>-3</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 334,5 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 3,04 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 1040 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | 10<sup>6</sup> [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | 0,02598 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1402,3 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 2856 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 3<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 4578,1 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 7475 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! colspan=2 bgcolor=#a0ffa0 | Isotopes les plus stables |----- | colspan=2 | {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 width="100%" |----- ! [[Isotope|iso]] ! [[abondance naturelle|AN]] ! [[période radioactive|période]] ! [[mode de désintégration|MD]] |align=center| [[énergie de désintégration|'''Ed''']] [[MeV]] ! [[produit de désintégration|PD]] |----- align=center | <sup>13</sup>N || [[radioisotope synthétique|{syn.}]] | 9,965 m || [[capture électronique|ε]] || 2,22 | [[carbone|<sup>13</sup>C]] |----- align=center | <sup>14</sup>N || 99,634 % | colspan=4 | N est stable avec 7 [[neutron]]s |----- align=center | <sup>15</sup>N || 0,366 % | colspan=4 | N est stable avec 8 neutrons |} [[Category:Kémi]] 8726 2006-07-02T15:48:25Z Ivo3 68 {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Azoti'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:N%2C7-thumb.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />N<br />↓<br />[[Fosofo|P]] | align=center | [[Kaboni|C]] ← N → [[oksijɛ́ní|O]] |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:N-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Azoti |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>6</sub>N |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 15|15]], [[éléments de la période 2|2]], [[éléments du bloc p|p]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 1,2506 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | NA |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Ezaty |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 14,0067 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 65 (56) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 75 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 155 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | [[Hélium|He]]2[[Orbitale-s|s]]<sup>2</sup> 2[[Orbitale-p|p]]<sup>3</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2, 5 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | +3,5,4,2,0,-3 <br />[[acide]] ya makasi |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[Exagonal]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | Gaz |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 63,14 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 77,35 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 0,3604 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 2,7928 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 13,54×10<sup>-3</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 334,5 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 3,04 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 1040 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | 10<sup>6</sup> [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | 0,02598 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1402,3 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 2856 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 3<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 4578,1 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 7475 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! colspan=2 bgcolor=#a0ffa0 | Isotopes les plus stables |----- | colspan=2 | {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 width="100%" |----- ! [[Isotope|iso]] ! [[abondance naturelle|AN]] ! [[période radioactive|période]] ! [[mode de désintégration|MD]] |align=center| [[énergie de désintégration|'''Ed''']] [[MeV]] ! [[produit de désintégration|PD]] |----- align=center | <sup>13</sup>N || [[radioisotope synthétique|{syn.}]] | 9,965 m || [[capture électronique|ε]] || 2,22 | [[carbone|<sup>13</sup>C]] |----- align=center | <sup>14</sup>N || 99,634 % | colspan=4 | N est stable avec 7 [[neutron]]s |----- align=center | <sup>15</sup>N || 0,366 % | colspan=4 | N est stable avec 8 neutrons |} [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Stikstof]] [[ar:نيتروجين]] [[ast:Nitróxenu]] [[bg:Азот]] [[bs:Azot]] [[ca:Nitrogen]] [[cs:Dusík]] [[cy:Nitrogen]] [[da:Kvælstof]] [[de:Stickstoff]] [[el:Άζωτο]] [[en:Nitrogen]] [[eo:Nitrogeno]] [[es:Nitrógeno]] [[et:Lämmastik]] [[eu:Nitrogeno]] [[fr:Azote]] [[fa:نیتروژن]] [[fi:Typpi]] [[gl:Nitróxeno]] [[he:חנקן]] [[hr:Dušik]] [[hu:Nitrogén]] [[ia:Nitrogeno]] [[id:Nitrogen]] [[io:Nitro]] [[is:Nitur]] [[it:Azoto]] [[ja:窒素]] [[ko:질소]] [[la:Nitrogenium]] [[li:Stikstof]] [[lt:Azotas]] [[lv:Slāpeklis]] [[mi:Hauota]] [[mk:Азот]] [[nl:Stikstof]] [[nn:Nitrogen]] [[no:Nitrogen]] [[pl:Azot]] [[pt:Azoto]] [[ro:Azot]] [[ru:Азот]] [[sh:Dušik]] [[simple:Nitrogen]] [[sk:Dusík]] [[sl:Dušik]] [[sr:Азот]] [[sv:Kväve]] [[ta:நைட்ரஜன்]] [[th:ไนโตรเจน]] [[tr:Azot]] [[ug:نىتروگىن]] [[uk:Азот]] [[vi:Nitơ]] [[zh:氮]] 9007 2006-08-02T05:46:18Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: [[bn:নাইট্রোজেন]] {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Azoti'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:N%2C7-thumb.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />N<br />↓<br />[[Fosofo|P]] | align=center | [[Kaboni|C]] ← N → [[oksijɛ́ní|O]] |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:N-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Azoti |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>6</sub>N |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 15|15]], [[éléments de la période 2|2]], [[éléments du bloc p|p]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 1,2506 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | NA |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Ezaty |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 14,0067 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 65 (56) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 75 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 155 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | [[Hélium|He]]2[[Orbitale-s|s]]<sup>2</sup> 2[[Orbitale-p|p]]<sup>3</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2, 5 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | +3,5,4,2,0,-3 <br />[[acide]] ya makasi |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[Exagonal]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | Gaz |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 63,14 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 77,35 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 0,3604 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 2,7928 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 13,54×10<sup>-3</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 334,5 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 3,04 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 1040 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | 10<sup>6</sup> [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | 0,02598 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1402,3 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 2856 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 3<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 4578,1 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 7475 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! colspan=2 bgcolor=#a0ffa0 | Isotopes les plus stables |----- | colspan=2 | {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 width="100%" |----- ! [[Isotope|iso]] ! [[abondance naturelle|AN]] ! [[période radioactive|période]] ! [[mode de désintégration|MD]] |align=center| [[énergie de désintégration|'''Ed''']] [[MeV]] ! [[produit de désintégration|PD]] |----- align=center | <sup>13</sup>N || [[radioisotope synthétique|{syn.}]] | 9,965 m || [[capture électronique|ε]] || 2,22 | [[carbone|<sup>13</sup>C]] |----- align=center | <sup>14</sup>N || 99,634 % | colspan=4 | N est stable avec 7 [[neutron]]s |----- align=center | <sup>15</sup>N || 0,366 % | colspan=4 | N est stable avec 8 neutrons |} [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Stikstof]] [[ar:نيتروجين]] [[ast:Nitróxenu]] [[bg:Азот]] [[bn:নাইট্রোজেন]] [[bs:Azot]] [[ca:Nitrogen]] [[cs:Dusík]] [[cy:Nitrogen]] [[da:Kvælstof]] [[de:Stickstoff]] [[el:Άζωτο]] [[en:Nitrogen]] [[eo:Nitrogeno]] [[es:Nitrógeno]] [[et:Lämmastik]] [[eu:Nitrogeno]] [[fa:نیتروژن]] [[fi:Typpi]] [[fr:Azote]] [[gl:Nitróxeno]] [[he:חנקן]] [[hr:Dušik]] [[hu:Nitrogén]] [[ia:Nitrogeno]] [[id:Nitrogen]] [[io:Nitro]] [[is:Nitur]] [[it:Azoto]] [[ja:窒素]] [[ko:질소]] [[la:Nitrogenium]] [[li:Stikstof]] [[lt:Azotas]] [[lv:Slāpeklis]] [[mi:Hauota]] [[mk:Азот]] [[nl:Stikstof]] [[nn:Nitrogen]] [[no:Nitrogen]] [[pl:Azot]] [[pt:Azoto]] [[ro:Azot]] [[ru:Азот]] [[sh:Dušik]] [[simple:Nitrogen]] [[sk:Dusík]] [[sl:Dušik]] [[sr:Азот]] [[sv:Kväve]] [[ta:நைட்ரஜன்]] [[th:ไนโตรเจน]] [[tr:Azot]] [[ug:نىتروگىن]] [[uk:Азот]] [[vi:Nitơ]] [[zh:氮]] 9163 2006-08-25T17:25:23Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: [[zh-yue:氮]] {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Azoti'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:N%2C7-thumb.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />N<br />↓<br />[[Fosofo|P]] | align=center | [[Kaboni|C]] ← N → [[oksijɛ́ní|O]] |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:N-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Azoti |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>6</sub>N |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 15|15]], [[éléments de la période 2|2]], [[éléments du bloc p|p]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 1,2506 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | NA |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Ezaty |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 14,0067 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 65 (56) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 75 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 155 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | [[Hélium|He]]2[[Orbitale-s|s]]<sup>2</sup> 2[[Orbitale-p|p]]<sup>3</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2, 5 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | +3,5,4,2,0,-3 <br />[[acide]] ya makasi |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[Exagonal]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | Gaz |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 63,14 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 77,35 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 0,3604 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 2,7928 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 13,54×10<sup>-3</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 334,5 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 3,04 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 1040 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | 10<sup>6</sup> [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | 0,02598 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1402,3 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 2856 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 3<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 4578,1 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 7475 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! colspan=2 bgcolor=#a0ffa0 | Isotopes les plus stables |----- | colspan=2 | {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 width="100%" |----- ! [[Isotope|iso]] ! [[abondance naturelle|AN]] ! [[période radioactive|période]] ! [[mode de désintégration|MD]] |align=center| [[énergie de désintégration|'''Ed''']] [[MeV]] ! [[produit de désintégration|PD]] |----- align=center | <sup>13</sup>N || [[radioisotope synthétique|{syn.}]] | 9,965 m || [[capture électronique|ε]] || 2,22 | [[carbone|<sup>13</sup>C]] |----- align=center | <sup>14</sup>N || 99,634 % | colspan=4 | N est stable avec 7 [[neutron]]s |----- align=center | <sup>15</sup>N || 0,366 % | colspan=4 | N est stable avec 8 neutrons |} [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Stikstof]] [[ar:نيتروجين]] [[ast:Nitróxenu]] [[bg:Азот]] [[bn:নাইট্রোজেন]] [[bs:Azot]] [[ca:Nitrogen]] [[cs:Dusík]] [[cy:Nitrogen]] [[da:Kvælstof]] [[de:Stickstoff]] [[el:Άζωτο]] [[en:Nitrogen]] [[eo:Nitrogeno]] [[es:Nitrógeno]] [[et:Lämmastik]] [[eu:Nitrogeno]] [[fa:نیتروژن]] [[fi:Typpi]] [[fr:Azote]] [[gl:Nitróxeno]] [[he:חנקן]] [[hr:Dušik]] [[hu:Nitrogén]] [[ia:Nitrogeno]] [[id:Nitrogen]] [[io:Nitro]] [[is:Nitur]] [[it:Azoto]] [[ja:窒素]] [[ko:질소]] [[la:Nitrogenium]] [[li:Stikstof]] [[lt:Azotas]] [[lv:Slāpeklis]] [[mi:Hauota]] [[mk:Азот]] [[nl:Stikstof]] [[nn:Nitrogen]] [[no:Nitrogen]] [[pl:Azot]] [[pt:Azoto]] [[ro:Azot]] [[ru:Азот]] [[sh:Dušik]] [[simple:Nitrogen]] [[sk:Dusík]] [[sl:Dušik]] [[sr:Азот]] [[sv:Kväve]] [[ta:நைட்ரஜன்]] [[th:ไนโตรเจน]] [[tr:Azot]] [[ug:نىتروگىن]] [[uk:Азот]] [[vi:Nitơ]] [[zh:氮]] [[zh-yue:氮]] 9175 2006-08-27T06:32:33Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[lb:Stéckstoff]] {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Azoti'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:N%2C7-thumb.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />N<br />↓<br />[[Fosofo|P]] | align=center | [[Kaboni|C]] ← N → [[oksijɛ́ní|O]] |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:N-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Azoti |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>6</sub>N |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 15|15]], [[éléments de la période 2|2]], [[éléments du bloc p|p]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 1,2506 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | NA |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Ezaty |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 14,0067 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 65 (56) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 75 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 155 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | [[Hélium|He]]2[[Orbitale-s|s]]<sup>2</sup> 2[[Orbitale-p|p]]<sup>3</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2, 5 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | +3,5,4,2,0,-3 <br />[[acide]] ya makasi |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[Exagonal]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | Gaz |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 63,14 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 77,35 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 0,3604 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 2,7928 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 13,54×10<sup>-3</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 334,5 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 3,04 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 1040 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | 10<sup>6</sup> [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | 0,02598 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1402,3 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 2856 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 3<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 4578,1 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 7475 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! colspan=2 bgcolor=#a0ffa0 | Isotopes les plus stables |----- | colspan=2 | {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 width="100%" |----- ! [[Isotope|iso]] ! [[abondance naturelle|AN]] ! [[période radioactive|période]] ! [[mode de désintégration|MD]] |align=center| [[énergie de désintégration|'''Ed''']] [[MeV]] ! [[produit de désintégration|PD]] |----- align=center | <sup>13</sup>N || [[radioisotope synthétique|{syn.}]] | 9,965 m || [[capture électronique|ε]] || 2,22 | [[carbone|<sup>13</sup>C]] |----- align=center | <sup>14</sup>N || 99,634 % | colspan=4 | N est stable avec 7 [[neutron]]s |----- align=center | <sup>15</sup>N || 0,366 % | colspan=4 | N est stable avec 8 neutrons |} [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Stikstof]] [[ar:نيتروجين]] [[ast:Nitróxenu]] [[bg:Азот]] [[bn:নাইট্রোজেন]] [[bs:Azot]] [[ca:Nitrogen]] [[cs:Dusík]] [[cy:Nitrogen]] [[da:Kvælstof]] [[de:Stickstoff]] [[el:Άζωτο]] [[en:Nitrogen]] [[eo:Nitrogeno]] [[es:Nitrógeno]] [[et:Lämmastik]] [[eu:Nitrogeno]] [[fa:نیتروژن]] [[fi:Typpi]] [[fr:Azote]] [[gl:Nitróxeno]] [[he:חנקן]] [[hr:Dušik]] [[hu:Nitrogén]] [[ia:Nitrogeno]] [[id:Nitrogen]] [[io:Nitro]] [[is:Nitur]] [[it:Azoto]] [[ja:窒素]] [[ko:질소]] [[la:Nitrogenium]] [[lb:Stéckstoff]] [[li:Stikstof]] [[lt:Azotas]] [[lv:Slāpeklis]] [[mi:Hauota]] [[mk:Азот]] [[nl:Stikstof]] [[nn:Nitrogen]] [[no:Nitrogen]] [[pl:Azot]] [[pt:Azoto]] [[ro:Azot]] [[ru:Азот]] [[sh:Dušik]] [[simple:Nitrogen]] [[sk:Dusík]] [[sl:Dušik]] [[sr:Азот]] [[sv:Kväve]] [[ta:நைட்ரஜன்]] [[th:ไนโตรเจน]] [[tr:Azot]] [[ug:نىتروگىن]] [[uk:Азот]] [[vi:Nitơ]] [[zh:氮]] [[zh-yue:氮]] 9518 2006-10-18T03:58:42Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: co, hy, sq, tg, uz, zh-min-nan {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Azoti'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:N%2C7-thumb.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />N<br />↓<br />[[Fosofo|P]] | align=center | [[Kaboni|C]] ← N → [[oksijɛ́ní|O]] |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:N-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Azoti |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>6</sub>N |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 15|15]], [[éléments de la période 2|2]], [[éléments du bloc p|p]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 1,2506 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | NA |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Ezaty |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 14,0067 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 65 (56) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 75 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 155 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | [[Hélium|He]]2[[Orbitale-s|s]]<sup>2</sup> 2[[Orbitale-p|p]]<sup>3</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2, 5 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | +3,5,4,2,0,-3 <br />[[acide]] ya makasi |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[Exagonal]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | Gaz |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 63,14 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 77,35 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 0,3604 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 2,7928 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 13,54×10<sup>-3</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 334,5 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 3,04 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 1040 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | 10<sup>6</sup> [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | 0,02598 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1402,3 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 2856 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 3<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 4578,1 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 7475 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! colspan=2 bgcolor=#a0ffa0 | Isotopes les plus stables |----- | colspan=2 | {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 width="100%" |----- ! [[Isotope|iso]] ! [[abondance naturelle|AN]] ! [[période radioactive|période]] ! [[mode de désintégration|MD]] |align=center| [[énergie de désintégration|'''Ed''']] [[MeV]] ! [[produit de désintégration|PD]] |----- align=center | <sup>13</sup>N || [[radioisotope synthétique|{syn.}]] | 9,965 m || [[capture électronique|ε]] || 2,22 | [[carbone|<sup>13</sup>C]] |----- align=center | <sup>14</sup>N || 99,634 % | colspan=4 | N est stable avec 7 [[neutron]]s |----- align=center | <sup>15</sup>N || 0,366 % | colspan=4 | N est stable avec 8 neutrons |} [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Stikstof]] [[ar:نيتروجين]] [[ast:Nitróxenu]] [[bg:Азот]] [[bn:নাইট্রোজেন]] [[bs:Azot]] [[ca:Nitrogen]] [[co:Azotu]] [[cs:Dusík]] [[cy:Nitrogen]] [[da:Kvælstof]] [[de:Stickstoff]] [[el:Άζωτο]] [[en:Nitrogen]] [[eo:Nitrogeno]] [[es:Nitrógeno]] [[et:Lämmastik]] [[eu:Nitrogeno]] [[fa:نیتروژن]] [[fi:Typpi]] [[fr:Azote]] [[gl:Nitróxeno]] [[he:חנקן]] [[hr:Dušik]] [[hu:Nitrogén]] [[hy:Ազոտ]] [[ia:Nitrogeno]] [[id:Nitrogen]] [[io:Nitro]] [[is:Nitur]] [[it:Azoto]] [[ja:窒素]] [[ko:질소]] [[la:Nitrogenium]] [[lb:Stéckstoff]] [[li:Stikstof]] [[lt:Azotas]] [[lv:Slāpeklis]] [[mi:Hauota]] [[mk:Азот]] [[nl:Stikstof]] [[nn:Nitrogen]] [[no:Nitrogen]] [[pl:Azot]] [[pt:Azoto]] [[ro:Azot]] [[ru:Азот]] [[sh:Dušik]] [[simple:Nitrogen]] [[sk:Dusík]] [[sl:Dušik]] [[sq:Azoti]] [[sr:Азот]] [[sv:Kväve]] [[ta:நைட்ரஜன்]] [[tg:Азот]] [[th:ไนโตรเจน]] [[tr:Azot]] [[ug:نىتروگىن]] [[uk:Азот]] [[uz:Azot]] [[vi:Nitơ]] [[zh:氮]] [[zh-min-nan:N (goân-sò͘)]] [[zh-yue:氮]] 9919 2006-12-02T13:49:39Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[jbo:trano]], [[nds:Stickstoff]] {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Azoti'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:N%2C7-thumb.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />N<br />↓<br />[[Fosofo|P]] | align=center | [[Kaboni|C]] ← N → [[oksijɛ́ní|O]] |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:N-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Azoti |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>6</sub>N |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 15|15]], [[éléments de la période 2|2]], [[éléments du bloc p|p]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 1,2506 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | NA |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Ezaty |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 14,0067 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 65 (56) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 75 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 155 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | [[Hélium|He]]2[[Orbitale-s|s]]<sup>2</sup> 2[[Orbitale-p|p]]<sup>3</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2, 5 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | +3,5,4,2,0,-3 <br />[[acide]] ya makasi |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[Exagonal]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | Gaz |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 63,14 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 77,35 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 0,3604 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 2,7928 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 13,54×10<sup>-3</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 334,5 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 3,04 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 1040 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | 10<sup>6</sup> [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | 0,02598 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1402,3 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 2856 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 3<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 4578,1 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 7475 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! colspan=2 bgcolor=#a0ffa0 | Isotopes les plus stables |----- | colspan=2 | {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 width="100%" |----- ! [[Isotope|iso]] ! [[abondance naturelle|AN]] ! [[période radioactive|période]] ! [[mode de désintégration|MD]] |align=center| [[énergie de désintégration|'''Ed''']] [[MeV]] ! [[produit de désintégration|PD]] |----- align=center | <sup>13</sup>N || [[radioisotope synthétique|{syn.}]] | 9,965 m || [[capture électronique|ε]] || 2,22 | [[carbone|<sup>13</sup>C]] |----- align=center | <sup>14</sup>N || 99,634 % | colspan=4 | N est stable avec 7 [[neutron]]s |----- align=center | <sup>15</sup>N || 0,366 % | colspan=4 | N est stable avec 8 neutrons |} [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Stikstof]] [[ar:نيتروجين]] [[ast:Nitróxenu]] [[bg:Азот]] [[bn:নাইট্রোজেন]] [[bs:Azot]] [[ca:Nitrogen]] [[co:Azotu]] [[cs:Dusík]] [[cy:Nitrogen]] [[da:Kvælstof]] [[de:Stickstoff]] [[el:Άζωτο]] [[en:Nitrogen]] [[eo:Nitrogeno]] [[es:Nitrógeno]] [[et:Lämmastik]] [[eu:Nitrogeno]] [[fa:نیتروژن]] [[fi:Typpi]] [[fr:Azote]] [[gl:Nitróxeno]] [[he:חנקן]] [[hr:Dušik]] [[hu:Nitrogén]] [[hy:Ազոտ]] [[ia:Nitrogeno]] [[id:Nitrogen]] [[io:Nitro]] [[is:Nitur]] [[it:Azoto]] [[ja:窒素]] [[jbo:trano]] [[ko:질소]] [[la:Nitrogenium]] [[lb:Stéckstoff]] [[li:Stikstof]] [[lt:Azotas]] [[lv:Slāpeklis]] [[mi:Hauota]] [[mk:Азот]] [[nds:Stickstoff]] [[nl:Stikstof]] [[nn:Nitrogen]] [[no:Nitrogen]] [[pl:Azot]] [[pt:Azoto]] [[ro:Azot]] [[ru:Азот]] [[sh:Dušik]] [[simple:Nitrogen]] [[sk:Dusík]] [[sl:Dušik]] [[sq:Azoti]] [[sr:Азот]] [[sv:Kväve]] [[ta:நைட்ரஜன்]] [[tg:Азот]] [[th:ไนโตรเจน]] [[tr:Azot]] [[ug:نىتروگىن]] [[uk:Азот]] [[uz:Azot]] [[vi:Nitơ]] [[zh:氮]] [[zh-min-nan:N (goân-sò͘)]] [[zh-yue:氮]] 10002 2006-12-19T13:49:33Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[qu:Qullpachaq]] {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Azoti'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:N%2C7-thumb.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />N<br />↓<br />[[Fosofo|P]] | align=center | [[Kaboni|C]] ← N → [[oksijɛ́ní|O]] |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:N-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Azoti |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>6</sub>N |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 15|15]], [[éléments de la période 2|2]], [[éléments du bloc p|p]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 1,2506 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | NA |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Ezaty |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 14,0067 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 65 (56) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 75 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 155 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | [[Hélium|He]]2[[Orbitale-s|s]]<sup>2</sup> 2[[Orbitale-p|p]]<sup>3</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2, 5 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | +3,5,4,2,0,-3 <br />[[acide]] ya makasi |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[Exagonal]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | Gaz |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 63,14 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 77,35 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 0,3604 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 2,7928 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 13,54×10<sup>-3</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 334,5 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 3,04 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 1040 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | 10<sup>6</sup> [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | 0,02598 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1402,3 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 2856 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 3<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 4578,1 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 7475 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! colspan=2 bgcolor=#a0ffa0 | Isotopes les plus stables |----- | colspan=2 | {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 width="100%" |----- ! [[Isotope|iso]] ! [[abondance naturelle|AN]] ! [[période radioactive|période]] ! [[mode de désintégration|MD]] |align=center| [[énergie de désintégration|'''Ed''']] [[MeV]] ! [[produit de désintégration|PD]] |----- align=center | <sup>13</sup>N || [[radioisotope synthétique|{syn.}]] | 9,965 m || [[capture électronique|ε]] || 2,22 | [[carbone|<sup>13</sup>C]] |----- align=center | <sup>14</sup>N || 99,634 % | colspan=4 | N est stable avec 7 [[neutron]]s |----- align=center | <sup>15</sup>N || 0,366 % | colspan=4 | N est stable avec 8 neutrons |} [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Stikstof]] [[ar:نيتروجين]] [[ast:Nitróxenu]] [[bg:Азот]] [[bn:নাইট্রোজেন]] [[bs:Azot]] [[ca:Nitrogen]] [[co:Azotu]] [[cs:Dusík]] [[cy:Nitrogen]] [[da:Kvælstof]] [[de:Stickstoff]] [[el:Άζωτο]] [[en:Nitrogen]] [[eo:Nitrogeno]] [[es:Nitrógeno]] [[et:Lämmastik]] [[eu:Nitrogeno]] [[fa:نیتروژن]] [[fi:Typpi]] [[fr:Azote]] [[gl:Nitróxeno]] [[he:חנקן]] [[hr:Dušik]] [[hu:Nitrogén]] [[hy:Ազոտ]] [[ia:Nitrogeno]] [[id:Nitrogen]] [[io:Nitro]] [[is:Nitur]] [[it:Azoto]] [[ja:窒素]] [[jbo:trano]] [[ko:질소]] [[la:Nitrogenium]] [[lb:Stéckstoff]] [[li:Stikstof]] [[lt:Azotas]] [[lv:Slāpeklis]] [[mi:Hauota]] [[mk:Азот]] [[nds:Stickstoff]] [[nl:Stikstof]] [[nn:Nitrogen]] [[no:Nitrogen]] [[pl:Azot]] [[pt:Azoto]] [[qu:Qullpachaq]] [[ro:Azot]] [[ru:Азот]] [[sh:Dušik]] [[simple:Nitrogen]] [[sk:Dusík]] [[sl:Dušik]] [[sq:Azoti]] [[sr:Азот]] [[sv:Kväve]] [[ta:நைட்ரஜன்]] [[tg:Азот]] [[th:ไนโตรเจน]] [[tr:Azot]] [[ug:نىتروگىن]] [[uk:Азот]] [[uz:Azot]] [[vi:Nitơ]] [[zh:氮]] [[zh-min-nan:N (goân-sò͘)]] [[zh-yue:氮]] User:Escarbot 2332 8508 2006-07-01T18:41:57Z Bombo 12 Category:Wikipedia Bot [[Category:Wikipedia Bot]] 8512 2006-07-01T18:47:50Z Bombo 12 {|width="60%" align="center" cellspacing="3" style="border: 3px solid orange; background-color: #FFFFCC; margin-bottom: 6px;" |align="center"|'''Robot en cours de test''' |- | Ce robot en cours de test est destiné à faire des interwikis. |- | Dresseur : [[:fr:Utilisateur:Vargenau|Vargenau]] |- | Laissez vos commentaires sur [[:fr:Discussion Utilisateur:Vargenau|ma page de discussion]]. Merci. |} {|width="60%" align="center" cellspacing="3" style="border: 3px solid orange; background-color: #FFFFCC; margin-bottom: 6px;" |align="center"|'''Robot currently under test''' |- | This robot currently under test will only be used to make interwiki links. |- | Owner: [[:fr:Utilisateur:Vargenau|Vargenau]] |- | Please leave your comments (in French or English) on [[:fr:Discussion Utilisateur:Vargenau|my French talk page]]. Thank you. |} [[Category:Wikipedia Bot]] 8709 2006-07-02T13:24:31Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: af, als, an, ang, ar, ast, be, bg, bn, br, bs, ca, co, cs, cv, cy, da, de, el, en, eo, es, et, eu, fa, fi, fr, gl, he, hi, hr, ht, hu, hy, ia, id, ilo, io, is, it, ja, jv, ko, ku, kw, la, lb, li, lt, lv, mi, mk, mo, mr, ms, my, na, nah {|width="60%" align="center" cellspacing="3" style="border: 3px solid orange; background-color: #FFFFCC; margin-bottom: 6px;" |align="center"|'''Robot en cours de test''' |- | Ce robot en cours de test est destiné à faire des interwikis. |- | Dresseur : [[:fr:Utilisateur:Vargenau|Vargenau]] |- | Laissez vos commentaires sur [[:fr:Discussion Utilisateur:Vargenau|ma page de discussion]]. Merci. |} {|width="60%" align="center" cellspacing="3" style="border: 3px solid orange; background-color: #FFFFCC; margin-bottom: 6px;" |align="center"|'''Robot currently under test''' |- | This robot currently under test will only be used to make interwiki links. |- | Owner: [[:fr:Utilisateur:Vargenau|Vargenau]] |- | Please leave your comments (in French or English) on [[:fr:Discussion Utilisateur:Vargenau|my French talk page]]. Thank you. |} [[Category:Wikipedia Bot]] [[af:Gebruiker:Escarbot]] [[als:Benutzer:Escarbot]] [[an:User:Escarbot]] [[ang:User:Escarbot]] [[ar:مستخدم:Escarbot]] [[ast:Usuariu:Escarbot]] [[be:Удзельнік:Escarbot]] [[bg:Потребител:Escarbot]] [[bn:ব্যবহারকারী:Escarbot]] [[br:Implijer:Escarbot]] [[bs:User:Escarbot]] [[ca:Usuari:Escarbot]] [[co:User:Escarbot]] [[cs:Wikipedista:Escarbot]] [[cv:Хутшăнакан:Escarbot]] [[cy:Defnyddiwr:Escarbot]] [[da:Bruger:Escarbot]] [[de:Benutzer:Escarbot]] [[el:Χρήστης:Escarbot]] [[en:User:Escarbot]] [[eo:Vikipediisto:Escarbot]] [[es:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[et:Kasutaja:Escarbot]] [[eu:Lankide:Escarbot]] [[fa:کاربر:Escarbot]] [[fi:Käyttäjä:Escarbot]] [[fr:Utilisateur:Escarbot]] [[gl:User:Escarbot]] [[he:משתמש:Escarbot]] [[hi:सदस्य:Escarbot]] [[hr:Suradnik:Escarbot]] [[ht:User:Escarbot]] [[hu:User:Escarbot]] [[hy:User:Escarbot]] [[ia:Usator:Escarbot]] [[id:Pengguna:Escarbot]] [[ilo:User:Escarbot]] [[io:User:Escarbot]] [[is:Notandi:Escarbot]] [[it:Utente:Escarbot]] [[ja:利用者:Escarbot]] [[jv:User:Escarbot]] [[ko:사용자:Escarbot]] [[ku:Bikarhêner:Escarbot]] [[kw:User:Escarbot]] [[la:Usor:Escarbot]] [[lb:User:Escarbot]] [[li:Gebroeker:Escarbot]] [[lt:Naudotojas:Escarbot]] [[lv:User:Escarbot]] [[mi:User:Escarbot]] [[mk:Корисник:Escarbot]] [[mo:User:Escarbot]] [[mr:User:Escarbot]] [[ms:Pengguna:Escarbot]] [[my:User:Escarbot]] [[na:User:Escarbot]] [[nah:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[nap:Utente:Escarbot]] [[nds:Bruker:Escarbot]] [[nl:Gebruiker:Escarbot]] [[nn:Brukar:Escarbot]] [[no:Bruker:Escarbot]] [[oc:Utilisator:Escarbot]] [[os:Архайæг:Escarbot]] [[pl:Wikipedysta:Escarbot]] [[pt:Usuário:Escarbot]] [[ro:Utilizator:Escarbot]] [[ru:Участник:Escarbot]] [[scn:User:Escarbot]] [[sco:User:Escarbot]] [[sg:User:Escarbot]] [[sh:User:Escarbot]] [[simple:User:Escarbot]] [[sk:Redaktor:Escarbot]] [[sl:Uporabnik:Escarbot]] [[sm:User:Escarbot]] [[sq:Përdoruesi:Escarbot]] [[sr:Корисник:Escarbot]] [[sv:Användare:Escarbot]] [[sw:User:Escarbot]] [[ta:பயனர்:Escarbot]] [[th:ผู้ใช้:Escarbot]] [[tl:User:Escarbot]] [[tr:Kullanıcı:Escarbot]] [[tt:Äğzä:Escarbot]] [[uk:Користувач:Escarbot]] [[vi:Thành viên:Escarbot]] [[wa:Uzeu:Escarbot]] [[yi:באַניצער:Escarbot]] [[zh:User:Escarbot]] [[zh-min-nan:User:Escarbot]] 8948 2006-07-23T18:26:12Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[nrm:User:Escarbot]] {|width="60%" align="center" cellspacing="3" style="border: 3px solid orange; background-color: #FFFFCC; margin-bottom: 6px;" |align="center"|'''Robot en cours de test''' |- | Ce robot en cours de test est destiné à faire des interwikis. |- | Dresseur : [[:fr:Utilisateur:Vargenau|Vargenau]] |- | Laissez vos commentaires sur [[:fr:Discussion Utilisateur:Vargenau|ma page de discussion]]. Merci. |} {|width="60%" align="center" cellspacing="3" style="border: 3px solid orange; background-color: #FFFFCC; margin-bottom: 6px;" |align="center"|'''Robot currently under test''' |- | This robot currently under test will only be used to make interwiki links. |- | Owner: [[:fr:Utilisateur:Vargenau|Vargenau]] |- | Please leave your comments (in French or English) on [[:fr:Discussion Utilisateur:Vargenau|my French talk page]]. Thank you. |} [[Category:Wikipedia Bot]] [[af:Gebruiker:Escarbot]] [[als:Benutzer:Escarbot]] [[an:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[ang:User:Escarbot]] [[ar:مستخدم:Escarbot]] [[ast:Usuariu:Escarbot]] [[be:Удзельнік:Escarbot]] [[bg:Потребител:Escarbot]] [[bn:ব্যবহারকারী:Escarbot]] [[br:Implijer:Escarbot]] [[bs:Korisnik:Escarbot]] [[ca:Usuari:Escarbot]] [[co:User:Escarbot]] [[cs:Wikipedista:Escarbot]] [[cv:Хутшăнакан:Escarbot]] [[cy:Defnyddiwr:Escarbot]] [[da:Bruger:Escarbot]] [[de:Benutzer:Escarbot]] [[el:Χρήστης:Escarbot]] [[en:User:Escarbot]] [[eo:Vikipediisto:Escarbot]] [[es:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[et:Kasutaja:Escarbot]] [[eu:Lankide:Escarbot]] [[fa:کاربر:Escarbot]] [[fi:Käyttäjä:Escarbot]] [[fr:Utilisateur:Escarbot]] [[gl:User:Escarbot]] [[he:משתמש:Escarbot]] [[hi:सदस्य:Escarbot]] [[hr:Suradnik:Escarbot]] [[ht:User:Escarbot]] [[hu:User:Escarbot]] [[hy:User:Escarbot]] [[ia:Usator:Escarbot]] [[id:Pengguna:Escarbot]] [[ilo:User:Escarbot]] [[io:User:Escarbot]] [[is:Notandi:Escarbot]] [[it:Utente:Escarbot]] [[ja:利用者:Escarbot]] [[jv:Panganggo:Escarbot]] [[ko:사용자:Escarbot]] [[ku:Bikarhêner:Escarbot]] [[kw:User:Escarbot]] [[la:Usor:Escarbot]] [[lb:User:Escarbot]] [[li:Gebroeker:Escarbot]] [[lt:Naudotojas:Escarbot]] [[lv:Lietotājs:Escarbot]] [[mi:User:Escarbot]] [[mk:Корисник:Escarbot]] [[mo:User:Escarbot]] [[mr:User:Escarbot]] [[ms:Pengguna:Escarbot]] [[my:User:Escarbot]] [[na:User:Escarbot]] [[nah:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[nap:Utente:Escarbot]] [[nds:Bruker:Escarbot]] [[nl:Gebruiker:Escarbot]] [[nn:Brukar:Escarbot]] [[no:Bruker:Escarbot]] [[nrm:User:Escarbot]] [[oc:Utilisator:Escarbot]] [[os:Архайæг:Escarbot]] [[pl:Wikipedysta:Escarbot]] [[pt:Usuário:Escarbot]] [[ro:Utilizator:Escarbot]] [[ru:Участник:Escarbot]] [[scn:User:Escarbot]] [[sco:User:Escarbot]] [[sg:User:Escarbot]] [[sh:User:Escarbot]] [[simple:User:Escarbot]] [[sk:Redaktor:Escarbot]] [[sl:Uporabnik:Escarbot]] [[sm:User:Escarbot]] [[sq:Përdoruesi:Escarbot]] [[sr:Корисник:Escarbot]] [[sv:Användare:Escarbot]] [[sw:User:Escarbot]] [[ta:பயனர்:Escarbot]] [[th:ผู้ใช้:Escarbot]] [[tl:User:Escarbot]] [[tr:Kullanıcı:Escarbot]] [[tt:Äğzä:Escarbot]] [[uk:Користувач:Escarbot]] [[vi:Thành viên:Escarbot]] [[wa:Uzeu:Escarbot]] [[yi:באַניצער:Escarbot]] [[zh:User:Escarbot]] [[zh-min-nan:User:Escarbot]] 9124 2006-08-15T19:13:37Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[ka:მომხმარებელი:Escarbot]], [[nds-nl:Gebruker:Escarbot]], [[ur:User:Escarbot]] {|width="60%" align="center" cellspacing="3" style="border: 3px solid orange; background-color: #FFFFCC; margin-bottom: 6px;" |align="center"|'''Robot en cours de test''' |- | Ce robot en cours de test est destiné à faire des interwikis. |- | Dresseur : [[:fr:Utilisateur:Vargenau|Vargenau]] |- | Laissez vos commentaires sur [[:fr:Discussion Utilisateur:Vargenau|ma page de discussion]]. Merci. |} {|width="60%" align="center" cellspacing="3" style="border: 3px solid orange; background-color: #FFFFCC; margin-bottom: 6px;" |align="center"|'''Robot currently under test''' |- | This robot currently under test will only be used to make interwiki links. |- | Owner: [[:fr:Utilisateur:Vargenau|Vargenau]] |- | Please leave your comments (in French or English) on [[:fr:Discussion Utilisateur:Vargenau|my French talk page]]. Thank you. |} [[Category:Wikipedia Bot]] [[af:Gebruiker:Escarbot]] [[als:Benutzer:Escarbot]] [[an:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[ang:User:Escarbot]] [[ar:مستخدم:Escarbot]] [[ast:Usuariu:Escarbot]] [[be:Удзельнік:Escarbot]] [[bg:Потребител:Escarbot]] [[bn:ব্যবহারকারী:Escarbot]] [[br:Implijer:Escarbot]] [[bs:Korisnik:Escarbot]] [[ca:Usuari:Escarbot]] [[co:User:Escarbot]] [[cs:Wikipedista:Escarbot]] [[cv:Хутшăнакан:Escarbot]] [[cy:Defnyddiwr:Escarbot]] [[da:Bruger:Escarbot]] [[de:Benutzer:Escarbot]] [[el:Χρήστης:Escarbot]] [[en:User:Escarbot]] [[eo:Vikipediisto:Escarbot]] [[es:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[et:Kasutaja:Escarbot]] [[eu:Lankide:Escarbot]] [[fa:کاربر:Escarbot]] [[fi:Käyttäjä:Escarbot]] [[fr:Utilisateur:Escarbot]] [[gl:User:Escarbot]] [[he:משתמש:Escarbot]] [[hi:सदस्य:Escarbot]] [[hr:Suradnik:Escarbot]] [[ht:User:Escarbot]] [[hu:User:Escarbot]] [[hy:User:Escarbot]] [[ia:Usator:Escarbot]] [[id:Pengguna:Escarbot]] [[ilo:User:Escarbot]] [[io:User:Escarbot]] [[is:Notandi:Escarbot]] [[it:Utente:Escarbot]] [[ja:利用者:Escarbot]] [[jv:Panganggo:Escarbot]] [[ka:მომხმარებელი:Escarbot]] [[ko:사용자:Escarbot]] [[ku:Bikarhêner:Escarbot]] [[kw:User:Escarbot]] [[la:Usor:Escarbot]] [[lb:User:Escarbot]] [[li:Gebroeker:Escarbot]] [[lt:Naudotojas:Escarbot]] [[lv:Lietotājs:Escarbot]] [[mi:User:Escarbot]] [[mk:Корисник:Escarbot]] [[mo:User:Escarbot]] [[mr:User:Escarbot]] [[ms:Pengguna:Escarbot]] [[my:User:Escarbot]] [[na:User:Escarbot]] [[nah:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[nap:Utente:Escarbot]] [[nds:Bruker:Escarbot]] [[nds-nl:Gebruker:Escarbot]] [[nl:Gebruiker:Escarbot]] [[nn:Brukar:Escarbot]] [[no:Bruker:Escarbot]] [[nrm:User:Escarbot]] [[oc:Utilisator:Escarbot]] [[os:Архайæг:Escarbot]] [[pl:Wikipedysta:Escarbot]] [[pt:Usuário:Escarbot]] [[ro:Utilizator:Escarbot]] [[ru:Участник:Escarbot]] [[scn:User:Escarbot]] [[sco:User:Escarbot]] [[sg:User:Escarbot]] [[sh:User:Escarbot]] [[simple:User:Escarbot]] [[sk:Redaktor:Escarbot]] [[sl:Uporabnik:Escarbot]] [[sm:User:Escarbot]] [[sq:Përdoruesi:Escarbot]] [[sr:Корисник:Escarbot]] [[sv:Användare:Escarbot]] [[sw:User:Escarbot]] [[ta:பயனர்:Escarbot]] [[th:ผู้ใช้:Escarbot]] [[tl:User:Escarbot]] [[tr:Kullanıcı:Escarbot]] [[tt:Äğzä:Escarbot]] [[uk:Користувач:Escarbot]] [[ur:User:Escarbot]] [[vi:Thành viên:Escarbot]] [[wa:Uzeu:Escarbot]] [[yi:באַניצער:Escarbot]] [[zh:User:Escarbot]] [[zh-min-nan:User:Escarbot]] 9394 2006-09-30T08:09:45Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: ab, az, csb, fy, gd, ve, wo, zh-yue {|width="60%" align="center" cellspacing="3" style="border: 3px solid orange; background-color: #FFFFCC; margin-bottom: 6px;" |align="center"|'''Robot en cours de test''' |- | Ce robot en cours de test est destiné à faire des interwikis. |- | Dresseur : [[:fr:Utilisateur:Vargenau|Vargenau]] |- | Laissez vos commentaires sur [[:fr:Discussion Utilisateur:Vargenau|ma page de discussion]]. Merci. |} {|width="60%" align="center" cellspacing="3" style="border: 3px solid orange; background-color: #FFFFCC; margin-bottom: 6px;" |align="center"|'''Robot currently under test''' |- | This robot currently under test will only be used to make interwiki links. |- | Owner: [[:fr:Utilisateur:Vargenau|Vargenau]] |- | Please leave your comments (in French or English) on [[:fr:Discussion Utilisateur:Vargenau|my French talk page]]. Thank you. |} [[Category:Wikipedia Bot]] [[ab:Участник:Escarbot]] [[af:Gebruiker:Escarbot]] [[als:Benutzer:Escarbot]] [[an:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[ang:User:Escarbot]] [[ar:مستخدم:Escarbot]] [[ast:Usuariu:Escarbot]] [[az:İstifadəçi:Escarbot]] [[be:Удзельнік:Escarbot]] [[bg:Потребител:Escarbot]] [[bn:ব্যবহারকারী:Escarbot]] [[br:Implijer:Escarbot]] [[bs:Korisnik:Escarbot]] [[ca:Usuari:Escarbot]] [[co:User:Escarbot]] [[cs:Wikipedista:Escarbot]] [[csb:Brëkòwnik:Escarbot]] [[cv:Хутшăнакан:Escarbot]] [[cy:Defnyddiwr:Escarbot]] [[da:Bruger:Escarbot]] [[de:Benutzer:Escarbot]] [[el:Χρήστης:Escarbot]] [[en:User:Escarbot]] [[eo:Vikipediisto:Escarbot]] [[es:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[et:Kasutaja:Escarbot]] [[eu:Lankide:Escarbot]] [[fa:کاربر:Escarbot]] [[fi:Käyttäjä:Escarbot]] [[fr:Utilisateur:Escarbot]] [[fy:Meidogger:Escarbot]] [[gd:User:Escarbot]] [[gl:User:Escarbot]] [[he:משתמש:Escarbot]] [[hi:सदस्य:Escarbot]] [[hr:Suradnik:Escarbot]] [[ht:User:Escarbot]] [[hu:User:Escarbot]] [[hy:User:Escarbot]] [[ia:Usator:Escarbot]] [[id:Pengguna:Escarbot]] [[ilo:User:Escarbot]] [[io:User:Escarbot]] [[is:Notandi:Escarbot]] [[it:Utente:Escarbot]] [[ja:利用者:Escarbot]] [[jv:Panganggo:Escarbot]] [[ka:მომხმარებელი:Escarbot]] [[ko:사용자:Escarbot]] [[ku:Bikarhêner:Escarbot]] [[kw:User:Escarbot]] [[la:Usor:Escarbot]] [[lb:User:Escarbot]] [[li:Gebroeker:Escarbot]] [[lt:Naudotojas:Escarbot]] [[lv:Lietotājs:Escarbot]] [[mi:User:Escarbot]] [[mk:Корисник:Escarbot]] [[mo:User:Escarbot]] [[mr:User:Escarbot]] [[ms:Pengguna:Escarbot]] [[my:User:Escarbot]] [[na:User:Escarbot]] [[nah:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[nap:Utente:Escarbot]] [[nds:Bruker:Escarbot]] [[nds-nl:Gebruker:Escarbot]] [[nl:Gebruiker:Escarbot]] [[nn:Brukar:Escarbot]] [[no:Bruker:Escarbot]] [[nrm:User:Escarbot]] [[oc:Utilisator:Escarbot]] [[os:Архайæг:Escarbot]] [[pl:Wikipedysta:Escarbot]] [[pt:Usuário:Escarbot]] [[ro:Utilizator:Escarbot]] [[ru:Участник:Escarbot]] [[scn:User:Escarbot]] [[sco:User:Escarbot]] [[sg:User:Escarbot]] [[sh:User:Escarbot]] [[simple:User:Escarbot]] [[sk:Redaktor:Escarbot]] [[sl:Uporabnik:Escarbot]] [[sm:User:Escarbot]] [[sq:Përdoruesi:Escarbot]] [[sr:Корисник:Escarbot]] [[sv:Användare:Escarbot]] [[sw:User:Escarbot]] [[ta:பயனர்:Escarbot]] [[th:ผู้ใช้:Escarbot]] [[tl:User:Escarbot]] [[tr:Kullanıcı:Escarbot]] [[tt:Äğzä:Escarbot]] [[uk:Користувач:Escarbot]] [[ur:صارف:Escarbot]] [[ve:User:Escarbot]] [[vi:Thành viên:Escarbot]] [[wa:Uzeu:Escarbot]] [[wo:User:Escarbot]] [[yi:באַניצער:Escarbot]] [[zh:User:Escarbot]] [[zh-min-nan:User:Escarbot]] [[zh-yue:User:Escarbot]] 9396 2006-09-30T11:39:39Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: am, av, bm, ceb, ga, got, gu, ie, ksh, lad, pam, qu, rmy, sa, war {|width="60%" align="center" cellspacing="3" style="border: 3px solid orange; background-color: #FFFFCC; margin-bottom: 6px;" |align="center"|'''Robot en cours de test''' |- | Ce robot en cours de test est destiné à faire des interwikis. |- | Dresseur : [[:fr:Utilisateur:Vargenau|Vargenau]] |- | Laissez vos commentaires sur [[:fr:Discussion Utilisateur:Vargenau|ma page de discussion]]. Merci. |} {|width="60%" align="center" cellspacing="3" style="border: 3px solid orange; background-color: #FFFFCC; margin-bottom: 6px;" |align="center"|'''Robot currently under test''' |- | This robot currently under test will only be used to make interwiki links. |- | Owner: [[:fr:Utilisateur:Vargenau|Vargenau]] |- | Please leave your comments (in French or English) on [[:fr:Discussion Utilisateur:Vargenau|my French talk page]]. Thank you. |} [[Category:Wikipedia Bot]] [[ab:Участник:Escarbot]] [[af:Gebruiker:Escarbot]] [[als:Benutzer:Escarbot]] [[am:User:Escarbot]] [[an:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[ang:User:Escarbot]] [[ar:مستخدم:Escarbot]] [[ast:Usuariu:Escarbot]] [[av:Участник:Escarbot]] [[az:İstifadəçi:Escarbot]] [[be:Удзельнік:Escarbot]] [[bg:Потребител:Escarbot]] [[bm:Utilisateur:Escarbot]] [[bn:ব্যবহারকারী:Escarbot]] [[br:Implijer:Escarbot]] [[bs:Korisnik:Escarbot]] [[ca:Usuari:Escarbot]] [[ceb:User:Escarbot]] [[co:User:Escarbot]] [[cs:Wikipedista:Escarbot]] [[csb:Brëkòwnik:Escarbot]] [[cv:Хутшăнакан:Escarbot]] [[cy:Defnyddiwr:Escarbot]] [[da:Bruger:Escarbot]] [[de:Benutzer:Escarbot]] [[el:Χρήστης:Escarbot]] [[en:User:Escarbot]] [[eo:Vikipediisto:Escarbot]] [[es:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[et:Kasutaja:Escarbot]] [[eu:Lankide:Escarbot]] [[fa:کاربر:Escarbot]] [[fi:Käyttäjä:Escarbot]] [[fr:Utilisateur:Escarbot]] [[fy:Meidogger:Escarbot]] [[ga:Úsáideoir:Escarbot]] [[gd:User:Escarbot]] [[gl:User:Escarbot]] [[got:User:Escarbot]] [[gu:User:Escarbot]] [[he:משתמש:Escarbot]] [[hi:सदस्य:Escarbot]] [[hr:Suradnik:Escarbot]] [[ht:User:Escarbot]] [[hu:User:Escarbot]] [[hy:User:Escarbot]] [[ia:Usator:Escarbot]] [[id:Pengguna:Escarbot]] [[ie:User:Escarbot]] [[ilo:User:Escarbot]] [[io:User:Escarbot]] [[is:Notandi:Escarbot]] [[it:Utente:Escarbot]] [[ja:利用者:Escarbot]] [[jv:Panganggo:Escarbot]] [[ka:მომხმარებელი:Escarbot]] [[ko:사용자:Escarbot]] [[ksh:User:Escarbot]] [[ku:Bikarhêner:Escarbot]] [[kw:User:Escarbot]] [[la:Usor:Escarbot]] [[lad:User:Escarbot]] [[lb:User:Escarbot]] [[li:Gebroeker:Escarbot]] [[lt:Naudotojas:Escarbot]] [[lv:Lietotājs:Escarbot]] [[mi:User:Escarbot]] [[mk:Корисник:Escarbot]] [[mo:User:Escarbot]] [[mr:User:Escarbot]] [[ms:Pengguna:Escarbot]] [[my:User:Escarbot]] [[na:User:Escarbot]] [[nah:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[nap:Utente:Escarbot]] [[nds:Bruker:Escarbot]] [[nds-nl:Gebruker:Escarbot]] [[nl:Gebruiker:Escarbot]] [[nn:Brukar:Escarbot]] [[no:Bruker:Escarbot]] [[nrm:User:Escarbot]] [[oc:Utilisator:Escarbot]] [[os:Архайæг:Escarbot]] [[pam:User:Escarbot]] [[pl:Wikipedysta:Escarbot]] [[pt:Usuário:Escarbot]] [[qu:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[rmy:Jeno:Escarbot]] [[ro:Utilizator:Escarbot]] [[ru:Участник:Escarbot]] [[sa:User:Escarbot]] [[scn:User:Escarbot]] [[sco:User:Escarbot]] [[sg:User:Escarbot]] [[sh:User:Escarbot]] [[simple:User:Escarbot]] [[sk:Redaktor:Escarbot]] [[sl:Uporabnik:Escarbot]] [[sm:User:Escarbot]] [[sq:Përdoruesi:Escarbot]] [[sr:Корисник:Escarbot]] [[sv:Användare:Escarbot]] [[sw:User:Escarbot]] [[ta:பயனர்:Escarbot]] [[th:ผู้ใช้:Escarbot]] [[tl:User:Escarbot]] [[tr:Kullanıcı:Escarbot]] [[tt:Äğzä:Escarbot]] [[uk:Користувач:Escarbot]] [[ur:صارف:Escarbot]] [[ve:User:Escarbot]] [[vi:Thành viên:Escarbot]] [[wa:Uzeu:Escarbot]] [[war:User:Escarbot]] [[wo:User:Escarbot]] [[yi:באַניצער:Escarbot]] [[zh:User:Escarbot]] [[zh-min-nan:User:Escarbot]] [[zh-yue:User:Escarbot]] 9399 2006-09-30T18:36:26Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: fur, map-bms, mg, ml, mn, pms, te, tet, tk, tw, vec {|width="60%" align="center" cellspacing="3" style="border: 3px solid orange; background-color: #FFFFCC; margin-bottom: 6px;" |align="center"|'''Robot en cours de test''' |- | Ce robot en cours de test est destiné à faire des interwikis. |- | Dresseur : [[:fr:Utilisateur:Vargenau|Vargenau]] |- | Laissez vos commentaires sur [[:fr:Discussion Utilisateur:Vargenau|ma page de discussion]]. Merci. |} {|width="60%" align="center" cellspacing="3" style="border: 3px solid orange; background-color: #FFFFCC; margin-bottom: 6px;" |align="center"|'''Robot currently under test''' |- | This robot currently under test will only be used to make interwiki links. |- | Owner: [[:fr:Utilisateur:Vargenau|Vargenau]] |- | Please leave your comments (in French or English) on [[:fr:Discussion Utilisateur:Vargenau|my French talk page]]. Thank you. |} [[Category:Wikipedia Bot]] [[ab:Участник:Escarbot]] [[af:Gebruiker:Escarbot]] [[als:Benutzer:Escarbot]] [[am:User:Escarbot]] [[an:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[ang:User:Escarbot]] [[ar:مستخدم:Escarbot]] [[ast:Usuariu:Escarbot]] [[av:Участник:Escarbot]] [[az:İstifadəçi:Escarbot]] [[be:Удзельнік:Escarbot]] [[bg:Потребител:Escarbot]] [[bm:Utilisateur:Escarbot]] [[bn:ব্যবহারকারী:Escarbot]] [[br:Implijer:Escarbot]] [[bs:Korisnik:Escarbot]] [[ca:Usuari:Escarbot]] [[ceb:User:Escarbot]] [[co:User:Escarbot]] [[cs:Wikipedista:Escarbot]] [[csb:Brëkòwnik:Escarbot]] [[cv:Хутшăнакан:Escarbot]] [[cy:Defnyddiwr:Escarbot]] [[da:Bruger:Escarbot]] [[de:Benutzer:Escarbot]] [[el:Χρήστης:Escarbot]] [[en:User:Escarbot]] [[eo:Vikipediisto:Escarbot]] [[es:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[et:Kasutaja:Escarbot]] [[eu:Lankide:Escarbot]] [[fa:کاربر:Escarbot]] [[fi:Käyttäjä:Escarbot]] [[fr:Utilisateur:Escarbot]] [[fur:Utent:Escarbot]] [[fy:Meidogger:Escarbot]] [[ga:Úsáideoir:Escarbot]] [[gd:User:Escarbot]] [[gl:User:Escarbot]] [[got:User:Escarbot]] [[gu:User:Escarbot]] [[he:משתמש:Escarbot]] [[hi:सदस्य:Escarbot]] [[hr:Suradnik:Escarbot]] [[ht:User:Escarbot]] [[hu:User:Escarbot]] [[hy:User:Escarbot]] [[ia:Usator:Escarbot]] [[id:Pengguna:Escarbot]] [[ie:User:Escarbot]] [[ilo:User:Escarbot]] [[io:User:Escarbot]] [[is:Notandi:Escarbot]] [[it:Utente:Escarbot]] [[ja:利用者:Escarbot]] [[jv:Panganggo:Escarbot]] [[ka:მომხმარებელი:Escarbot]] [[ko:사용자:Escarbot]] [[ksh:User:Escarbot]] [[ku:Bikarhêner:Escarbot]] [[kw:User:Escarbot]] [[la:Usor:Escarbot]] [[lad:User:Escarbot]] [[lb:User:Escarbot]] [[li:Gebroeker:Escarbot]] [[lt:Naudotojas:Escarbot]] [[lv:Lietotājs:Escarbot]] [[map-bms:User:Escarbot]] [[mg:User:Escarbot]] [[mi:User:Escarbot]] [[mk:Корисник:Escarbot]] [[ml:User:Escarbot]] [[mn:User:Escarbot]] [[mo:User:Escarbot]] [[mr:User:Escarbot]] [[ms:Pengguna:Escarbot]] [[my:User:Escarbot]] [[na:User:Escarbot]] [[nah:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[nap:Utente:Escarbot]] [[nds:Bruker:Escarbot]] [[nds-nl:Gebruker:Escarbot]] [[nl:Gebruiker:Escarbot]] [[nn:Brukar:Escarbot]] [[no:Bruker:Escarbot]] [[nrm:User:Escarbot]] [[oc:Utilisator:Escarbot]] [[os:Архайæг:Escarbot]] [[pam:User:Escarbot]] [[pl:Wikipedysta:Escarbot]] [[pms:Utent:Escarbot]] [[pt:Usuário:Escarbot]] [[qu:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[rmy:Jeno:Escarbot]] [[ro:Utilizator:Escarbot]] [[ru:Участник:Escarbot]] [[sa:User:Escarbot]] [[scn:User:Escarbot]] [[sco:User:Escarbot]] [[sg:User:Escarbot]] [[sh:User:Escarbot]] [[simple:User:Escarbot]] [[sk:Redaktor:Escarbot]] [[sl:Uporabnik:Escarbot]] [[sm:User:Escarbot]] [[sq:Përdoruesi:Escarbot]] [[sr:Корисник:Escarbot]] [[sv:Användare:Escarbot]] [[sw:User:Escarbot]] [[ta:பயனர்:Escarbot]] [[te:సభ్యుడు:Escarbot]] [[tet:User:Escarbot]] [[th:ผู้ใช้:Escarbot]] [[tk:User:Escarbot]] [[tl:User:Escarbot]] [[tr:Kullanıcı:Escarbot]] [[tt:Äğzä:Escarbot]] [[tw:User:Escarbot]] [[uk:Користувач:Escarbot]] [[ur:صارف:Escarbot]] [[ve:User:Escarbot]] [[vec:Utente:Escarbot]] [[vi:Thành viên:Escarbot]] [[wa:Uzeu:Escarbot]] [[war:User:Escarbot]] [[wo:User:Escarbot]] [[yi:באַניצער:Escarbot]] [[zh:User:Escarbot]] [[zh-min-nan:User:Escarbot]] [[zh-yue:User:Escarbot]] 9420 2006-10-06T01:37:41Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: ba, diq, pag, ru-sib, vo, zh-classical {|width="60%" align="center" cellspacing="3" style="border: 3px solid orange; background-color: #FFFFCC; margin-bottom: 6px;" |align="center"|'''Robot en cours de test''' |- | Ce robot en cours de test est destiné à faire des interwikis. |- | Dresseur : [[:fr:Utilisateur:Vargenau|Vargenau]] |- | Laissez vos commentaires sur [[:fr:Discussion Utilisateur:Vargenau|ma page de discussion]]. Merci. |} {|width="60%" align="center" cellspacing="3" style="border: 3px solid orange; background-color: #FFFFCC; margin-bottom: 6px;" |align="center"|'''Robot currently under test''' |- | This robot currently under test will only be used to make interwiki links. |- | Owner: [[:fr:Utilisateur:Vargenau|Vargenau]] |- | Please leave your comments (in French or English) on [[:fr:Discussion Utilisateur:Vargenau|my French talk page]]. Thank you. |} [[Category:Wikipedia Bot]] [[ab:Участник:Escarbot]] [[af:Gebruiker:Escarbot]] [[als:Benutzer:Escarbot]] [[am:User:Escarbot]] [[an:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[ang:User:Escarbot]] [[ar:مستخدم:Escarbot]] [[ast:Usuariu:Escarbot]] [[av:Участник:Escarbot]] [[az:İstifadəçi:Escarbot]] [[ba:Ҡатнашыусы:Escarbot]] [[be:Удзельнік:Escarbot]] [[bg:Потребител:Escarbot]] [[bm:Utilisateur:Escarbot]] [[bn:ব্যবহারকারী:Escarbot]] [[br:Implijer:Escarbot]] [[bs:Korisnik:Escarbot]] [[ca:Usuari:Escarbot]] [[ceb:User:Escarbot]] [[co:User:Escarbot]] [[cs:Wikipedista:Escarbot]] [[csb:Brëkòwnik:Escarbot]] [[cv:Хутшăнакан:Escarbot]] [[cy:Defnyddiwr:Escarbot]] [[da:Bruger:Escarbot]] [[de:Benutzer:Escarbot]] [[diq:User:Escarbot]] [[el:Χρήστης:Escarbot]] [[en:User:Escarbot]] [[eo:Vikipediisto:Escarbot]] [[es:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[et:Kasutaja:Escarbot]] [[eu:Lankide:Escarbot]] [[fa:کاربر:Escarbot]] [[fi:Käyttäjä:Escarbot]] [[fr:Utilisateur:Escarbot]] [[fur:Utent:Escarbot]] [[fy:Meidogger:Escarbot]] [[ga:Úsáideoir:Escarbot]] [[gd:User:Escarbot]] [[gl:User:Escarbot]] [[got:User:Escarbot]] [[gu:User:Escarbot]] [[he:משתמש:Escarbot]] [[hi:सदस्य:Escarbot]] [[hr:Suradnik:Escarbot]] [[ht:User:Escarbot]] [[hu:User:Escarbot]] [[hy:User:Escarbot]] [[ia:Usator:Escarbot]] [[id:Pengguna:Escarbot]] [[ie:User:Escarbot]] [[ilo:User:Escarbot]] [[io:User:Escarbot]] [[is:Notandi:Escarbot]] [[it:Utente:Escarbot]] [[ja:利用者:Escarbot]] [[jv:Panganggo:Escarbot]] [[ka:მომხმარებელი:Escarbot]] [[ko:사용자:Escarbot]] [[ksh:User:Escarbot]] [[ku:Bikarhêner:Escarbot]] [[kw:User:Escarbot]] [[la:Usor:Escarbot]] [[lad:User:Escarbot]] [[lb:User:Escarbot]] [[li:Gebroeker:Escarbot]] [[lt:Naudotojas:Escarbot]] [[lv:Lietotājs:Escarbot]] [[map-bms:User:Escarbot]] [[mg:User:Escarbot]] [[mi:User:Escarbot]] [[mk:Корисник:Escarbot]] [[ml:User:Escarbot]] [[mn:User:Escarbot]] [[mo:User:Escarbot]] [[mr:User:Escarbot]] [[ms:Pengguna:Escarbot]] [[my:User:Escarbot]] [[na:User:Escarbot]] [[nah:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[nap:Utente:Escarbot]] [[nds:Bruker:Escarbot]] [[nds-nl:Gebruker:Escarbot]] [[nl:Gebruiker:Escarbot]] [[nn:Brukar:Escarbot]] [[no:Bruker:Escarbot]] [[nrm:User:Escarbot]] [[oc:Utilisator:Escarbot]] [[os:Архайæг:Escarbot]] [[pag:User:Escarbot]] [[pam:User:Escarbot]] [[pl:Wikipedysta:Escarbot]] [[pms:Utent:Escarbot]] [[pt:Usuário:Escarbot]] [[qu:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[rmy:Jeno:Escarbot]] [[ro:Utilizator:Escarbot]] [[ru:Участник:Escarbot]] [[ru-sib:User:Escarbot]] [[sa:User:Escarbot]] [[scn:User:Escarbot]] [[sco:User:Escarbot]] [[sg:User:Escarbot]] [[sh:User:Escarbot]] [[simple:User:Escarbot]] [[sk:Redaktor:Escarbot]] [[sl:Uporabnik:Escarbot]] [[sm:User:Escarbot]] [[sq:Përdoruesi:Escarbot]] [[sr:Корисник:Escarbot]] [[sv:Användare:Escarbot]] [[sw:User:Escarbot]] [[ta:பயனர்:Escarbot]] [[te:సభ్యుడు:Escarbot]] [[tet:User:Escarbot]] [[th:ผู้ใช้:Escarbot]] [[tk:User:Escarbot]] [[tl:User:Escarbot]] [[tr:Kullanıcı:Escarbot]] [[tt:Äğzä:Escarbot]] [[tw:User:Escarbot]] [[uk:Користувач:Escarbot]] [[ur:صارف:Escarbot]] [[ve:User:Escarbot]] [[vec:Utente:Escarbot]] [[vi:Thành viên:Escarbot]] [[vo:User:Escarbot]] [[wa:Uzeu:Escarbot]] [[war:User:Escarbot]] [[wo:User:Escarbot]] [[yi:באַניצער:Escarbot]] [[zh:User:Escarbot]] [[zh-classical:User:Escarbot]] [[zh-min-nan:User:Escarbot]] [[zh-yue:User:Escarbot]] 9496 2006-10-13T17:53:02Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[fiu-vro:User:Escarbot]], [[kn:ಸದಸ್ಯ:Escarbot]], [[su:Pamaké:Escarbot]] {|width="60%" align="center" cellspacing="3" style="border: 3px solid orange; background-color: #FFFFCC; margin-bottom: 6px;" |align="center"|'''Robot en cours de test''' |- | Ce robot en cours de test est destiné à faire des interwikis. |- | Dresseur : [[:fr:Utilisateur:Vargenau|Vargenau]] |- | Laissez vos commentaires sur [[:fr:Discussion Utilisateur:Vargenau|ma page de discussion]]. Merci. |} {|width="60%" align="center" cellspacing="3" style="border: 3px solid orange; background-color: #FFFFCC; margin-bottom: 6px;" |align="center"|'''Robot currently under test''' |- | This robot currently under test will only be used to make interwiki links. |- | Owner: [[:fr:Utilisateur:Vargenau|Vargenau]] |- | Please leave your comments (in French or English) on [[:fr:Discussion Utilisateur:Vargenau|my French talk page]]. Thank you. |} [[Category:Wikipedia Bot]] [[ab:Участник:Escarbot]] [[af:Gebruiker:Escarbot]] [[als:Benutzer:Escarbot]] [[am:User:Escarbot]] [[an:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[ang:User:Escarbot]] [[ar:مستخدم:Escarbot]] [[ast:Usuariu:Escarbot]] [[av:Участник:Escarbot]] [[az:İstifadəçi:Escarbot]] [[ba:Ҡатнашыусы:Escarbot]] [[be:Удзельнік:Escarbot]] [[bg:Потребител:Escarbot]] [[bm:Utilisateur:Escarbot]] [[bn:ব্যবহারকারী:Escarbot]] [[br:Implijer:Escarbot]] [[bs:Korisnik:Escarbot]] [[ca:Usuari:Escarbot]] [[ceb:User:Escarbot]] [[co:User:Escarbot]] [[cs:Wikipedista:Escarbot]] [[csb:Brëkòwnik:Escarbot]] [[cv:Хутшăнакан:Escarbot]] [[cy:Defnyddiwr:Escarbot]] [[da:Bruger:Escarbot]] [[de:Benutzer:Escarbot]] [[diq:User:Escarbot]] [[el:Χρήστης:Escarbot]] [[en:User:Escarbot]] [[eo:Vikipediisto:Escarbot]] [[es:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[et:Kasutaja:Escarbot]] [[eu:Lankide:Escarbot]] [[fa:کاربر:Escarbot]] [[fi:Käyttäjä:Escarbot]] [[fiu-vro:User:Escarbot]] [[fr:Utilisateur:Escarbot]] [[fur:Utent:Escarbot]] [[fy:Meidogger:Escarbot]] [[ga:Úsáideoir:Escarbot]] [[gd:User:Escarbot]] [[gl:User:Escarbot]] [[got:User:Escarbot]] [[gu:User:Escarbot]] [[he:משתמש:Escarbot]] [[hi:सदस्य:Escarbot]] [[hr:Suradnik:Escarbot]] [[ht:User:Escarbot]] [[hu:User:Escarbot]] [[hy:User:Escarbot]] [[ia:Usator:Escarbot]] [[id:Pengguna:Escarbot]] [[ie:User:Escarbot]] [[ilo:User:Escarbot]] [[io:User:Escarbot]] [[is:Notandi:Escarbot]] [[it:Utente:Escarbot]] [[ja:利用者:Escarbot]] [[jv:Panganggo:Escarbot]] [[ka:მომხმარებელი:Escarbot]] [[kn:ಸದಸ್ಯ:Escarbot]] [[ko:사용자:Escarbot]] [[ksh:User:Escarbot]] [[ku:Bikarhêner:Escarbot]] [[kw:User:Escarbot]] [[la:Usor:Escarbot]] [[lad:User:Escarbot]] [[lb:User:Escarbot]] [[li:Gebroeker:Escarbot]] [[lt:Naudotojas:Escarbot]] [[lv:Lietotājs:Escarbot]] [[map-bms:User:Escarbot]] [[mg:User:Escarbot]] [[mi:User:Escarbot]] [[mk:Корисник:Escarbot]] [[ml:User:Escarbot]] [[mn:User:Escarbot]] [[mo:User:Escarbot]] [[mr:User:Escarbot]] [[ms:Pengguna:Escarbot]] [[my:User:Escarbot]] [[na:User:Escarbot]] [[nah:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[nap:Utente:Escarbot]] [[nds:Bruker:Escarbot]] [[nds-nl:Gebruker:Escarbot]] [[nl:Gebruiker:Escarbot]] [[nn:Brukar:Escarbot]] [[no:Bruker:Escarbot]] [[nrm:User:Escarbot]] [[oc:Utilisator:Escarbot]] [[os:Архайæг:Escarbot]] [[pag:User:Escarbot]] [[pam:User:Escarbot]] [[pl:Wikipedysta:Escarbot]] [[pms:Utent:Escarbot]] [[pt:Usuário:Escarbot]] [[qu:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[rmy:Jeno:Escarbot]] [[ro:Utilizator:Escarbot]] [[ru:Участник:Escarbot]] [[ru-sib:User:Escarbot]] [[sa:User:Escarbot]] [[scn:User:Escarbot]] [[sco:User:Escarbot]] [[sg:User:Escarbot]] [[sh:User:Escarbot]] [[simple:User:Escarbot]] [[sk:Redaktor:Escarbot]] [[sl:Uporabnik:Escarbot]] [[sm:User:Escarbot]] [[sq:Përdoruesi:Escarbot]] [[sr:Корисник:Escarbot]] [[su:Pamaké:Escarbot]] [[sv:Användare:Escarbot]] [[sw:User:Escarbot]] [[ta:பயனர்:Escarbot]] [[te:సభ్యుడు:Escarbot]] [[tet:User:Escarbot]] [[th:ผู้ใช้:Escarbot]] [[tk:User:Escarbot]] [[tl:User:Escarbot]] [[tr:Kullanıcı:Escarbot]] [[tt:Äğzä:Escarbot]] [[tw:User:Escarbot]] [[uk:Користувач:Escarbot]] [[ur:صارف:Escarbot]] [[ve:User:Escarbot]] [[vec:Utente:Escarbot]] [[vi:Thành viên:Escarbot]] [[vo:User:Escarbot]] [[wa:Uzeu:Escarbot]] [[war:User:Escarbot]] [[wo:User:Escarbot]] [[yi:באַניצער:Escarbot]] [[zh:User:Escarbot]] [[zh-classical:User:Escarbot]] [[zh-min-nan:User:Escarbot]] [[zh-yue:User:Escarbot]] 9508 2006-10-17T01:33:59Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: bo, chr, lij, nv, si {|width="60%" align="center" cellspacing="3" style="border: 3px solid orange; background-color: #FFFFCC; margin-bottom: 6px;" |align="center"|'''Robot en cours de test''' |- | Ce robot en cours de test est destiné à faire des interwikis. |- | Dresseur : [[:fr:Utilisateur:Vargenau|Vargenau]] |- | Laissez vos commentaires sur [[:fr:Discussion Utilisateur:Vargenau|ma page de discussion]]. Merci. |} {|width="60%" align="center" cellspacing="3" style="border: 3px solid orange; background-color: #FFFFCC; margin-bottom: 6px;" |align="center"|'''Robot currently under test''' |- | This robot currently under test will only be used to make interwiki links. |- | Owner: [[:fr:Utilisateur:Vargenau|Vargenau]] |- | Please leave your comments (in French or English) on [[:fr:Discussion Utilisateur:Vargenau|my French talk page]]. Thank you. |} [[Category:Wikipedia Bot]] [[ab:Участник:Escarbot]] [[af:Gebruiker:Escarbot]] [[als:Benutzer:Escarbot]] [[am:User:Escarbot]] [[an:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[ang:User:Escarbot]] [[ar:مستخدم:Escarbot]] [[ast:Usuariu:Escarbot]] [[av:Участник:Escarbot]] [[az:İstifadəçi:Escarbot]] [[ba:Ҡатнашыусы:Escarbot]] [[be:Удзельнік:Escarbot]] [[bg:Потребител:Escarbot]] [[bm:Utilisateur:Escarbot]] [[bn:ব্যবহারকারী:Escarbot]] [[bo:User:Escarbot]] [[br:Implijer:Escarbot]] [[bs:Korisnik:Escarbot]] [[ca:Usuari:Escarbot]] [[ceb:User:Escarbot]] [[chr:User:Escarbot]] [[co:User:Escarbot]] [[cs:Wikipedista:Escarbot]] [[csb:Brëkòwnik:Escarbot]] [[cv:Хутшăнакан:Escarbot]] [[cy:Defnyddiwr:Escarbot]] [[da:Bruger:Escarbot]] [[de:Benutzer:Escarbot]] [[diq:User:Escarbot]] [[el:Χρήστης:Escarbot]] [[en:User:Escarbot]] [[eo:Vikipediisto:Escarbot]] [[es:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[et:Kasutaja:Escarbot]] [[eu:Lankide:Escarbot]] [[fa:کاربر:Escarbot]] [[fi:Käyttäjä:Escarbot]] [[fiu-vro:User:Escarbot]] [[fr:Utilisateur:Escarbot]] [[fur:Utent:Escarbot]] [[fy:Meidogger:Escarbot]] [[ga:Úsáideoir:Escarbot]] [[gd:User:Escarbot]] [[gl:User:Escarbot]] [[got:User:Escarbot]] [[gu:User:Escarbot]] [[he:משתמש:Escarbot]] [[hi:सदस्य:Escarbot]] [[hr:Suradnik:Escarbot]] [[ht:User:Escarbot]] [[hu:User:Escarbot]] [[hy:User:Escarbot]] [[ia:Usator:Escarbot]] [[id:Pengguna:Escarbot]] [[ie:User:Escarbot]] [[ilo:User:Escarbot]] [[io:User:Escarbot]] [[is:Notandi:Escarbot]] [[it:Utente:Escarbot]] [[ja:利用者:Escarbot]] [[jv:Panganggo:Escarbot]] [[ka:მომხმარებელი:Escarbot]] [[kn:ಸದಸ್ಯ:Escarbot]] [[ko:사용자:Escarbot]] [[ksh:User:Escarbot]] [[ku:Bikarhêner:Escarbot]] [[kw:User:Escarbot]] [[la:Usor:Escarbot]] [[lad:User:Escarbot]] [[lb:User:Escarbot]] [[li:Gebroeker:Escarbot]] [[lij:User:Escarbot]] [[lt:Naudotojas:Escarbot]] [[lv:Lietotājs:Escarbot]] [[map-bms:User:Escarbot]] [[mg:User:Escarbot]] [[mi:User:Escarbot]] [[mk:Корисник:Escarbot]] [[ml:User:Escarbot]] [[mn:User:Escarbot]] [[mo:User:Escarbot]] [[mr:User:Escarbot]] [[ms:Pengguna:Escarbot]] [[my:User:Escarbot]] [[na:User:Escarbot]] [[nah:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[nap:Utente:Escarbot]] [[nds:Bruker:Escarbot]] [[nds-nl:Gebruker:Escarbot]] [[nl:Gebruiker:Escarbot]] [[nn:Brukar:Escarbot]] [[no:Bruker:Escarbot]] [[nrm:User:Escarbot]] [[nv:Choinish'įįhí:Escarbot]] [[oc:Utilisator:Escarbot]] [[os:Архайæг:Escarbot]] [[pag:User:Escarbot]] [[pam:User:Escarbot]] [[pl:Wikipedysta:Escarbot]] [[pms:Utent:Escarbot]] [[pt:Usuário:Escarbot]] [[qu:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[rmy:Jeno:Escarbot]] [[ro:Utilizator:Escarbot]] [[ru:Участник:Escarbot]] [[ru-sib:User:Escarbot]] [[sa:User:Escarbot]] [[scn:User:Escarbot]] [[sco:User:Escarbot]] [[sg:User:Escarbot]] [[sh:User:Escarbot]] [[si:User:Escarbot]] [[simple:User:Escarbot]] [[sk:Redaktor:Escarbot]] [[sl:Uporabnik:Escarbot]] [[sm:User:Escarbot]] [[sq:Përdoruesi:Escarbot]] [[sr:Корисник:Escarbot]] [[su:Pamaké:Escarbot]] [[sv:Användare:Escarbot]] [[sw:User:Escarbot]] [[ta:பயனர்:Escarbot]] [[te:సభ్యుడు:Escarbot]] [[tet:User:Escarbot]] [[th:ผู้ใช้:Escarbot]] [[tk:User:Escarbot]] [[tl:User:Escarbot]] [[tr:Kullanıcı:Escarbot]] [[tt:Äğzä:Escarbot]] [[tw:User:Escarbot]] [[uk:Користувач:Escarbot]] [[ur:صارف:Escarbot]] [[ve:User:Escarbot]] [[vec:Utente:Escarbot]] [[vi:Thành viên:Escarbot]] [[vo:User:Escarbot]] [[wa:Uzeu:Escarbot]] [[war:User:Escarbot]] [[wo:User:Escarbot]] [[yi:באַניצער:Escarbot]] [[zh:User:Escarbot]] [[zh-classical:User:Escarbot]] [[zh-min-nan:User:Escarbot]] [[zh-yue:User:Escarbot]] 9524 2006-10-20T02:34:01Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: dv, fo, frp, jbo, kg, kj, ks, ky {|width="60%" align="center" cellspacing="3" style="border: 3px solid orange; background-color: #FFFFCC; margin-bottom: 6px;" |align="center"|'''Robot en cours de test''' |- | Ce robot en cours de test est destiné à faire des interwikis. |- | Dresseur : [[:fr:Utilisateur:Vargenau|Vargenau]] |- | Laissez vos commentaires sur [[:fr:Discussion Utilisateur:Vargenau|ma page de discussion]]. Merci. |} {|width="60%" align="center" cellspacing="3" style="border: 3px solid orange; background-color: #FFFFCC; margin-bottom: 6px;" |align="center"|'''Robot currently under test''' |- | This robot currently under test will only be used to make interwiki links. |- | Owner: [[:fr:Utilisateur:Vargenau|Vargenau]] |- | Please leave your comments (in French or English) on [[:fr:Discussion Utilisateur:Vargenau|my French talk page]]. Thank you. |} [[Category:Wikipedia Bot]] [[ab:Участник:Escarbot]] [[af:Gebruiker:Escarbot]] [[als:Benutzer:Escarbot]] [[am:User:Escarbot]] [[an:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[ang:User:Escarbot]] [[ar:مستخدم:Escarbot]] [[ast:Usuariu:Escarbot]] [[av:Участник:Escarbot]] [[az:İstifadəçi:Escarbot]] [[ba:Ҡатнашыусы:Escarbot]] [[be:Удзельнік:Escarbot]] [[bg:Потребител:Escarbot]] [[bm:Utilisateur:Escarbot]] [[bn:ব্যবহারকারী:Escarbot]] [[bo:User:Escarbot]] [[br:Implijer:Escarbot]] [[bs:Korisnik:Escarbot]] [[ca:Usuari:Escarbot]] [[ceb:User:Escarbot]] [[chr:User:Escarbot]] [[co:User:Escarbot]] [[cs:Wikipedista:Escarbot]] [[csb:Brëkòwnik:Escarbot]] [[cv:Хутшăнакан:Escarbot]] [[cy:Defnyddiwr:Escarbot]] [[da:Bruger:Escarbot]] [[de:Benutzer:Escarbot]] [[diq:User:Escarbot]] [[dv:User:Escarbot]] [[el:Χρήστης:Escarbot]] [[en:User:Escarbot]] [[eo:Vikipediisto:Escarbot]] [[es:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[et:Kasutaja:Escarbot]] [[eu:Lankide:Escarbot]] [[fa:کاربر:Escarbot]] [[fi:Käyttäjä:Escarbot]] [[fiu-vro:User:Escarbot]] [[fo:Brúkari:Escarbot]] [[fr:Utilisateur:Escarbot]] [[frp:User:Escarbot]] [[fur:Utent:Escarbot]] [[fy:Meidogger:Escarbot]] [[ga:Úsáideoir:Escarbot]] [[gd:User:Escarbot]] [[gl:User:Escarbot]] [[got:User:Escarbot]] [[gu:User:Escarbot]] [[he:משתמש:Escarbot]] [[hi:सदस्य:Escarbot]] [[hr:Suradnik:Escarbot]] [[ht:User:Escarbot]] [[hu:User:Escarbot]] [[hy:User:Escarbot]] [[ia:Usator:Escarbot]] [[id:Pengguna:Escarbot]] [[ie:User:Escarbot]] [[ilo:User:Escarbot]] [[io:User:Escarbot]] [[is:Notandi:Escarbot]] [[it:Utente:Escarbot]] [[ja:利用者:Escarbot]] [[jbo:User:Escarbot]] [[jv:Panganggo:Escarbot]] [[ka:მომხმარებელი:Escarbot]] [[kg:User:Escarbot]] [[kj:User:Escarbot]] [[kn:ಸದಸ್ಯ:Escarbot]] [[ko:사용자:Escarbot]] [[ks:User:Escarbot]] [[ksh:Medmaacher:Escarbot]] [[ku:Bikarhêner:Escarbot]] [[kw:User:Escarbot]] [[ky:User:Escarbot]] [[la:Usor:Escarbot]] [[lad:User:Escarbot]] [[lb:User:Escarbot]] [[li:Gebroeker:Escarbot]] [[lij:User:Escarbot]] [[lt:Naudotojas:Escarbot]] [[lv:Lietotājs:Escarbot]] [[map-bms:User:Escarbot]] [[mg:User:Escarbot]] [[mi:User:Escarbot]] [[mk:Корисник:Escarbot]] [[ml:User:Escarbot]] [[mn:User:Escarbot]] [[mo:User:Escarbot]] [[mr:User:Escarbot]] [[ms:Pengguna:Escarbot]] [[my:User:Escarbot]] [[na:User:Escarbot]] [[nah:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[nap:Utente:Escarbot]] [[nds:Bruker:Escarbot]] [[nds-nl:Gebruker:Escarbot]] [[nl:Gebruiker:Escarbot]] [[nn:Brukar:Escarbot]] [[no:Bruker:Escarbot]] [[nrm:User:Escarbot]] [[nv:Choinish'įįhí:Escarbot]] [[oc:Utilisator:Escarbot]] [[os:Архайæг:Escarbot]] [[pag:User:Escarbot]] [[pam:User:Escarbot]] [[pl:Wikipedysta:Escarbot]] [[pms:Utent:Escarbot]] [[pt:Usuário:Escarbot]] [[qu:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[rmy:Jeno:Escarbot]] [[ro:Utilizator:Escarbot]] [[ru:Участник:Escarbot]] [[ru-sib:User:Escarbot]] [[sa:User:Escarbot]] [[scn:User:Escarbot]] [[sco:User:Escarbot]] [[sg:User:Escarbot]] [[sh:User:Escarbot]] [[si:User:Escarbot]] [[simple:User:Escarbot]] [[sk:Redaktor:Escarbot]] [[sl:Uporabnik:Escarbot]] [[sm:User:Escarbot]] [[sq:Përdoruesi:Escarbot]] [[sr:Корисник:Escarbot]] [[su:Pamaké:Escarbot]] [[sv:Användare:Escarbot]] [[sw:User:Escarbot]] [[ta:பயனர்:Escarbot]] [[te:సభ్యుడు:Escarbot]] [[tet:User:Escarbot]] [[th:ผู้ใช้:Escarbot]] [[tk:User:Escarbot]] [[tl:User:Escarbot]] [[tr:Kullanıcı:Escarbot]] [[tt:Äğzä:Escarbot]] [[tw:User:Escarbot]] [[uk:Користувач:Escarbot]] [[ur:صارف:Escarbot]] [[ve:User:Escarbot]] [[vec:Utente:Escarbot]] [[vi:Thành viên:Escarbot]] [[vo:User:Escarbot]] [[wa:Uzeu:Escarbot]] [[war:User:Escarbot]] [[wo:User:Escarbot]] [[yi:באַניצער:Escarbot]] [[zh:User:Escarbot]] [[zh-classical:User:Escarbot]] [[zh-min-nan:User:Escarbot]] [[zh-yue:User:Escarbot]] 9650 2006-11-02T12:16:31Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: lmo, mt, nov, pdc, rm, sc, se, udm, uz {|width="60%" align="center" cellspacing="3" style="border: 3px solid orange; background-color: #FFFFCC; margin-bottom: 6px;" |align="center"|'''Robot en cours de test''' |- | Ce robot en cours de test est destiné à faire des interwikis. |- | Dresseur : [[:fr:Utilisateur:Vargenau|Vargenau]] |- | Laissez vos commentaires sur [[:fr:Discussion Utilisateur:Vargenau|ma page de discussion]]. Merci. |} {|width="60%" align="center" cellspacing="3" style="border: 3px solid orange; background-color: #FFFFCC; margin-bottom: 6px;" |align="center"|'''Robot currently under test''' |- | This robot currently under test will only be used to make interwiki links. |- | Owner: [[:fr:Utilisateur:Vargenau|Vargenau]] |- | Please leave your comments (in French or English) on [[:fr:Discussion Utilisateur:Vargenau|my French talk page]]. Thank you. |} [[Category:Wikipedia Bot]] [[ab:Участник:Escarbot]] [[af:Gebruiker:Escarbot]] [[als:Benutzer:Escarbot]] [[am:User:Escarbot]] [[an:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[ang:User:Escarbot]] [[ar:مستخدم:Escarbot]] [[ast:Usuariu:Escarbot]] [[av:Участник:Escarbot]] [[az:İstifadəçi:Escarbot]] [[ba:Ҡатнашыусы:Escarbot]] [[be:Удзельнік:Escarbot]] [[bg:Потребител:Escarbot]] [[bm:Utilisateur:Escarbot]] [[bn:ব্যবহারকারী:Escarbot]] [[bo:User:Escarbot]] [[br:Implijer:Escarbot]] [[bs:Korisnik:Escarbot]] [[ca:Usuari:Escarbot]] [[ceb:User:Escarbot]] [[chr:User:Escarbot]] [[co:User:Escarbot]] [[cs:Wikipedista:Escarbot]] [[csb:Brëkòwnik:Escarbot]] [[cv:Хутшăнакан:Escarbot]] [[cy:Defnyddiwr:Escarbot]] [[da:Bruger:Escarbot]] [[de:Benutzer:Escarbot]] [[diq:User:Escarbot]] [[dv:User:Escarbot]] [[el:Χρήστης:Escarbot]] [[en:User:Escarbot]] [[eo:Vikipediisto:Escarbot]] [[es:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[et:Kasutaja:Escarbot]] [[eu:Lankide:Escarbot]] [[fa:کاربر:Escarbot]] [[fi:Käyttäjä:Escarbot]] [[fiu-vro:User:Escarbot]] [[fo:Brúkari:Escarbot]] [[fr:Utilisateur:Escarbot]] [[frp:User:Escarbot]] [[fur:Utent:Escarbot]] [[fy:Meidogger:Escarbot]] [[ga:Úsáideoir:Escarbot]] [[gd:User:Escarbot]] [[gl:User:Escarbot]] [[got:User:Escarbot]] [[gu:User:Escarbot]] [[he:משתמש:Escarbot]] [[hi:सदस्य:Escarbot]] [[hr:Suradnik:Escarbot]] [[ht:User:Escarbot]] [[hu:User:Escarbot]] [[hy:User:Escarbot]] [[ia:Usator:Escarbot]] [[id:Pengguna:Escarbot]] [[ie:User:Escarbot]] [[ilo:User:Escarbot]] [[io:User:Escarbot]] [[is:Notandi:Escarbot]] [[it:Utente:Escarbot]] [[ja:利用者:Escarbot]] [[jbo:User:Escarbot]] [[jv:Panganggo:Escarbot]] [[ka:მომხმარებელი:Escarbot]] [[kg:User:Escarbot]] [[kj:User:Escarbot]] [[kn:ಸದಸ್ಯ:Escarbot]] [[ko:사용자:Escarbot]] [[ks:User:Escarbot]] [[ksh:Medmaacher:Escarbot]] [[ku:Bikarhêner:Escarbot]] [[kw:User:Escarbot]] [[ky:User:Escarbot]] [[la:Usor:Escarbot]] [[lad:User:Escarbot]] [[lb:User:Escarbot]] [[li:Gebroeker:Escarbot]] [[lij:User:Escarbot]] [[lmo:User:Escarbot]] [[lt:Naudotojas:Escarbot]] [[lv:Lietotājs:Escarbot]] [[map-bms:User:Escarbot]] [[mg:User:Escarbot]] [[mi:User:Escarbot]] [[mk:Корисник:Escarbot]] [[ml:User:Escarbot]] [[mn:User:Escarbot]] [[mo:User:Escarbot]] [[mr:User:Escarbot]] [[ms:Pengguna:Escarbot]] [[mt:User:Escarbot]] [[my:User:Escarbot]] [[na:User:Escarbot]] [[nah:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[nap:Utente:Escarbot]] [[nds:Bruker:Escarbot]] [[nds-nl:Gebruker:Escarbot]] [[nl:Gebruiker:Escarbot]] [[nn:Brukar:Escarbot]] [[no:Bruker:Escarbot]] [[nov:User:Escarbot]] [[nrm:User:Escarbot]] [[nv:Choinish'įįhí:Escarbot]] [[oc:Utilisator:Escarbot]] [[os:Архайæг:Escarbot]] [[pag:User:Escarbot]] [[pam:User:Escarbot]] [[pdc:User:Escarbot]] [[pl:Wikipedysta:Escarbot]] [[pms:Utent:Escarbot]] [[pt:Usuário:Escarbot]] [[qu:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[rm:User:Escarbot]] [[rmy:Jeno:Escarbot]] [[ro:Utilizator:Escarbot]] [[ru:Участник:Escarbot]] [[ru-sib:User:Escarbot]] [[sa:User:Escarbot]] [[sc:Utente:Escarbot]] [[scn:User:Escarbot]] [[sco:User:Escarbot]] [[se:User:Escarbot]] [[sg:User:Escarbot]] [[sh:User:Escarbot]] [[si:User:Escarbot]] [[simple:User:Escarbot]] [[sk:Redaktor:Escarbot]] [[sl:Uporabnik:Escarbot]] [[sm:User:Escarbot]] [[sq:Përdoruesi:Escarbot]] [[sr:Корисник:Escarbot]] [[su:Pamaké:Escarbot]] [[sv:Användare:Escarbot]] [[sw:User:Escarbot]] [[ta:பயனர்:Escarbot]] [[te:సభ్యుడు:Escarbot]] [[tet:User:Escarbot]] [[th:ผู้ใช้:Escarbot]] [[tk:User:Escarbot]] [[tl:User:Escarbot]] [[tr:Kullanıcı:Escarbot]] [[tt:Äğzä:Escarbot]] [[tw:User:Escarbot]] [[udm:Викиавтор:Escarbot]] [[uk:Користувач:Escarbot]] [[ur:صارف:Escarbot]] [[uz:User:Escarbot]] [[ve:User:Escarbot]] [[vec:Utente:Escarbot]] [[vi:Thành viên:Escarbot]] [[vo:User:Escarbot]] [[wa:Uzeu:Escarbot]] [[war:User:Escarbot]] [[wo:User:Escarbot]] [[yi:באַניצער:Escarbot]] [[zh:User:Escarbot]] [[zh-classical:User:Escarbot]] [[zh-min-nan:User:Escarbot]] [[zh-yue:User:Escarbot]] 9651 2006-11-02T15:08:39Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[ps:User:Escarbot]], [[tpi:User:Escarbot]], [[ug:User:Escarbot]] {|width="60%" align="center" cellspacing="3" style="border: 3px solid orange; background-color: #FFFFCC; margin-bottom: 6px;" |align="center"|'''Robot en cours de test''' |- | Ce robot en cours de test est destiné à faire des interwikis. |- | Dresseur : [[:fr:Utilisateur:Vargenau|Vargenau]] |- | Laissez vos commentaires sur [[:fr:Discussion Utilisateur:Vargenau|ma page de discussion]]. Merci. |} {|width="60%" align="center" cellspacing="3" style="border: 3px solid orange; background-color: #FFFFCC; margin-bottom: 6px;" |align="center"|'''Robot currently under test''' |- | This robot currently under test will only be used to make interwiki links. |- | Owner: [[:fr:Utilisateur:Vargenau|Vargenau]] |- | Please leave your comments (in French or English) on [[:fr:Discussion Utilisateur:Vargenau|my French talk page]]. Thank you. |} [[Category:Wikipedia Bot]] [[ab:Участник:Escarbot]] [[af:Gebruiker:Escarbot]] [[als:Benutzer:Escarbot]] [[am:User:Escarbot]] [[an:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[ang:User:Escarbot]] [[ar:مستخدم:Escarbot]] [[ast:Usuariu:Escarbot]] [[av:Участник:Escarbot]] [[az:İstifadəçi:Escarbot]] [[ba:Ҡатнашыусы:Escarbot]] [[be:Удзельнік:Escarbot]] [[bg:Потребител:Escarbot]] [[bm:Utilisateur:Escarbot]] [[bn:ব্যবহারকারী:Escarbot]] [[bo:User:Escarbot]] [[br:Implijer:Escarbot]] [[bs:Korisnik:Escarbot]] [[ca:Usuari:Escarbot]] [[ceb:User:Escarbot]] [[chr:User:Escarbot]] [[co:User:Escarbot]] [[cs:Wikipedista:Escarbot]] [[csb:Brëkòwnik:Escarbot]] [[cv:Хутшăнакан:Escarbot]] [[cy:Defnyddiwr:Escarbot]] [[da:Bruger:Escarbot]] [[de:Benutzer:Escarbot]] [[diq:User:Escarbot]] [[dv:User:Escarbot]] [[el:Χρήστης:Escarbot]] [[en:User:Escarbot]] [[eo:Vikipediisto:Escarbot]] [[es:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[et:Kasutaja:Escarbot]] [[eu:Lankide:Escarbot]] [[fa:کاربر:Escarbot]] [[fi:Käyttäjä:Escarbot]] [[fiu-vro:User:Escarbot]] [[fo:Brúkari:Escarbot]] [[fr:Utilisateur:Escarbot]] [[frp:User:Escarbot]] [[fur:Utent:Escarbot]] [[fy:Meidogger:Escarbot]] [[ga:Úsáideoir:Escarbot]] [[gd:User:Escarbot]] [[gl:User:Escarbot]] [[got:User:Escarbot]] [[gu:User:Escarbot]] [[he:משתמש:Escarbot]] [[hi:सदस्य:Escarbot]] [[hr:Suradnik:Escarbot]] [[ht:User:Escarbot]] [[hu:User:Escarbot]] [[hy:User:Escarbot]] [[ia:Usator:Escarbot]] [[id:Pengguna:Escarbot]] [[ie:User:Escarbot]] [[ilo:User:Escarbot]] [[io:User:Escarbot]] [[is:Notandi:Escarbot]] [[it:Utente:Escarbot]] [[ja:利用者:Escarbot]] [[jbo:User:Escarbot]] [[jv:Panganggo:Escarbot]] [[ka:მომხმარებელი:Escarbot]] [[kg:User:Escarbot]] [[kj:User:Escarbot]] [[kn:ಸದಸ್ಯ:Escarbot]] [[ko:사용자:Escarbot]] [[ks:User:Escarbot]] [[ksh:Medmaacher:Escarbot]] [[ku:Bikarhêner:Escarbot]] [[kw:User:Escarbot]] [[ky:User:Escarbot]] [[la:Usor:Escarbot]] [[lad:User:Escarbot]] [[lb:User:Escarbot]] [[li:Gebroeker:Escarbot]] [[lij:User:Escarbot]] [[lmo:User:Escarbot]] [[lt:Naudotojas:Escarbot]] [[lv:Lietotājs:Escarbot]] [[map-bms:User:Escarbot]] [[mg:User:Escarbot]] [[mi:User:Escarbot]] [[mk:Корисник:Escarbot]] [[ml:User:Escarbot]] [[mn:User:Escarbot]] [[mo:User:Escarbot]] [[mr:User:Escarbot]] [[ms:Pengguna:Escarbot]] [[mt:User:Escarbot]] [[my:User:Escarbot]] [[na:User:Escarbot]] [[nah:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[nap:Utente:Escarbot]] [[nds:Bruker:Escarbot]] [[nds-nl:Gebruker:Escarbot]] [[nl:Gebruiker:Escarbot]] [[nn:Brukar:Escarbot]] [[no:Bruker:Escarbot]] [[nov:User:Escarbot]] [[nrm:User:Escarbot]] [[nv:Choinish'įįhí:Escarbot]] [[oc:Utilisator:Escarbot]] [[os:Архайæг:Escarbot]] [[pag:User:Escarbot]] [[pam:User:Escarbot]] [[pdc:User:Escarbot]] [[pl:Wikipedysta:Escarbot]] [[pms:Utent:Escarbot]] [[ps:User:Escarbot]] [[pt:Usuário:Escarbot]] [[qu:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[rm:User:Escarbot]] [[rmy:Jeno:Escarbot]] [[ro:Utilizator:Escarbot]] [[ru:Участник:Escarbot]] [[ru-sib:User:Escarbot]] [[sa:User:Escarbot]] [[sc:Utente:Escarbot]] [[scn:User:Escarbot]] [[sco:User:Escarbot]] [[se:User:Escarbot]] [[sg:User:Escarbot]] [[sh:User:Escarbot]] [[si:User:Escarbot]] [[simple:User:Escarbot]] [[sk:Redaktor:Escarbot]] [[sl:Uporabnik:Escarbot]] [[sm:User:Escarbot]] [[sq:Përdoruesi:Escarbot]] [[sr:Корисник:Escarbot]] [[su:Pamaké:Escarbot]] [[sv:Användare:Escarbot]] [[sw:User:Escarbot]] [[ta:பயனர்:Escarbot]] [[te:సభ్యుడు:Escarbot]] [[tet:User:Escarbot]] [[th:ผู้ใช้:Escarbot]] [[tk:User:Escarbot]] [[tl:User:Escarbot]] [[tpi:User:Escarbot]] [[tr:Kullanıcı:Escarbot]] [[tt:Äğzä:Escarbot]] [[tw:User:Escarbot]] [[udm:Викиавтор:Escarbot]] [[ug:User:Escarbot]] [[uk:Користувач:Escarbot]] [[ur:صارف:Escarbot]] [[uz:User:Escarbot]] [[ve:User:Escarbot]] [[vec:Utente:Escarbot]] [[vi:Thành viên:Escarbot]] [[vo:User:Escarbot]] [[wa:Uzeu:Escarbot]] [[war:User:Escarbot]] [[wo:User:Escarbot]] [[yi:באַניצער:Escarbot]] [[zh:User:Escarbot]] [[zh-classical:User:Escarbot]] [[zh-min-nan:User:Escarbot]] [[zh-yue:User:Escarbot]] 9777 2006-11-15T19:11:39Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[hsb:User:Escarbot]] {|width="60%" align="center" cellspacing="3" style="border: 3px solid orange; background-color: #FFFFCC; margin-bottom: 6px;" |align="center"|'''Robot en cours de test''' |- | Ce robot en cours de test est destiné à faire des interwikis. |- | Dresseur : [[:fr:Utilisateur:Vargenau|Vargenau]] |- | Laissez vos commentaires sur [[:fr:Discussion Utilisateur:Vargenau|ma page de discussion]]. Merci. |} {|width="60%" align="center" cellspacing="3" style="border: 3px solid orange; background-color: #FFFFCC; margin-bottom: 6px;" |align="center"|'''Robot currently under test''' |- | This robot currently under test will only be used to make interwiki links. |- | Owner: [[:fr:Utilisateur:Vargenau|Vargenau]] |- | Please leave your comments (in French or English) on [[:fr:Discussion Utilisateur:Vargenau|my French talk page]]. Thank you. |} [[Category:Wikipedia Bot]] [[ab:Участник:Escarbot]] [[af:Gebruiker:Escarbot]] [[als:Benutzer:Escarbot]] [[am:User:Escarbot]] [[an:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[ang:User:Escarbot]] [[ar:مستخدم:Escarbot]] [[ast:Usuariu:Escarbot]] [[av:Участник:Escarbot]] [[az:İstifadəçi:Escarbot]] [[ba:Ҡатнашыусы:Escarbot]] [[be:Удзельнік:Escarbot]] [[bg:Потребител:Escarbot]] [[bm:Utilisateur:Escarbot]] [[bn:ব্যবহারকারী:Escarbot]] [[bo:User:Escarbot]] [[br:Implijer:Escarbot]] [[bs:Korisnik:Escarbot]] [[ca:Usuari:Escarbot]] [[ceb:User:Escarbot]] [[chr:User:Escarbot]] [[co:User:Escarbot]] [[cs:Wikipedista:Escarbot]] [[csb:Brëkòwnik:Escarbot]] [[cv:Хутшăнакан:Escarbot]] [[cy:Defnyddiwr:Escarbot]] [[da:Bruger:Escarbot]] [[de:Benutzer:Escarbot]] [[diq:User:Escarbot]] [[dv:User:Escarbot]] [[el:Χρήστης:Escarbot]] [[en:User:Escarbot]] [[eo:Vikipediisto:Escarbot]] [[es:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[et:Kasutaja:Escarbot]] [[eu:Lankide:Escarbot]] [[fa:کاربر:Escarbot]] [[fi:Käyttäjä:Escarbot]] [[fiu-vro:User:Escarbot]] [[fo:Brúkari:Escarbot]] [[fr:Utilisateur:Escarbot]] [[frp:User:Escarbot]] [[fur:Utent:Escarbot]] [[fy:Meidogger:Escarbot]] [[ga:Úsáideoir:Escarbot]] [[gd:User:Escarbot]] [[gl:User:Escarbot]] [[got:User:Escarbot]] [[gu:User:Escarbot]] [[he:משתמש:Escarbot]] [[hi:सदस्य:Escarbot]] [[hr:Suradnik:Escarbot]] [[hsb:User:Escarbot]] [[ht:User:Escarbot]] [[hu:User:Escarbot]] [[hy:User:Escarbot]] [[ia:Usator:Escarbot]] [[id:Pengguna:Escarbot]] [[ie:User:Escarbot]] [[ilo:User:Escarbot]] [[io:User:Escarbot]] [[is:Notandi:Escarbot]] [[it:Utente:Escarbot]] [[ja:利用者:Escarbot]] [[jbo:User:Escarbot]] [[jv:Panganggo:Escarbot]] [[ka:მომხმარებელი:Escarbot]] [[kg:User:Escarbot]] [[kj:User:Escarbot]] [[kn:ಸದಸ್ಯ:Escarbot]] [[ko:사용자:Escarbot]] [[ks:User:Escarbot]] [[ksh:Medmaacher:Escarbot]] [[ku:Bikarhêner:Escarbot]] [[kw:User:Escarbot]] [[ky:User:Escarbot]] [[la:Usor:Escarbot]] [[lad:User:Escarbot]] [[lb:User:Escarbot]] [[li:Gebroeker:Escarbot]] [[lij:User:Escarbot]] [[lmo:User:Escarbot]] [[lt:Naudotojas:Escarbot]] [[lv:Lietotājs:Escarbot]] [[map-bms:User:Escarbot]] [[mg:User:Escarbot]] [[mi:User:Escarbot]] [[mk:Корисник:Escarbot]] [[ml:User:Escarbot]] [[mn:User:Escarbot]] [[mo:User:Escarbot]] [[mr:User:Escarbot]] [[ms:Pengguna:Escarbot]] [[mt:User:Escarbot]] [[my:User:Escarbot]] [[na:User:Escarbot]] [[nah:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[nap:Utente:Escarbot]] [[nds:Bruker:Escarbot]] [[nds-nl:Gebruker:Escarbot]] [[nl:Gebruiker:Escarbot]] [[nn:Brukar:Escarbot]] [[no:Bruker:Escarbot]] [[nov:User:Escarbot]] [[nrm:User:Escarbot]] [[nv:Choinish'įįhí:Escarbot]] [[oc:Utilisator:Escarbot]] [[os:Архайæг:Escarbot]] [[pag:User:Escarbot]] [[pam:User:Escarbot]] [[pdc:User:Escarbot]] [[pl:Wikipedysta:Escarbot]] [[pms:Utent:Escarbot]] [[ps:User:Escarbot]] [[pt:Usuário:Escarbot]] [[qu:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[rm:User:Escarbot]] [[rmy:Jeno:Escarbot]] [[ro:Utilizator:Escarbot]] [[ru:Участник:Escarbot]] [[ru-sib:User:Escarbot]] [[sa:User:Escarbot]] [[sc:Utente:Escarbot]] [[scn:User:Escarbot]] [[sco:User:Escarbot]] [[se:User:Escarbot]] [[sg:User:Escarbot]] [[sh:User:Escarbot]] [[si:User:Escarbot]] [[simple:User:Escarbot]] [[sk:Redaktor:Escarbot]] [[sl:Uporabnik:Escarbot]] [[sm:User:Escarbot]] [[sq:Përdoruesi:Escarbot]] [[sr:Корисник:Escarbot]] [[su:Pamaké:Escarbot]] [[sv:Användare:Escarbot]] [[sw:User:Escarbot]] [[ta:பயனர்:Escarbot]] [[te:సభ్యుడు:Escarbot]] [[tet:User:Escarbot]] [[th:ผู้ใช้:Escarbot]] [[tk:User:Escarbot]] [[tl:User:Escarbot]] [[tpi:User:Escarbot]] [[tr:Kullanıcı:Escarbot]] [[tt:Äğzä:Escarbot]] [[tw:User:Escarbot]] [[udm:Викиавтор:Escarbot]] [[ug:User:Escarbot]] [[uk:Користувач:Escarbot]] [[ur:صارف:Escarbot]] [[uz:User:Escarbot]] [[ve:User:Escarbot]] [[vec:Utente:Escarbot]] [[vi:Thành viên:Escarbot]] [[vo:User:Escarbot]] [[wa:Uzeu:Escarbot]] [[war:User:Escarbot]] [[wo:User:Escarbot]] [[yi:באַניצער:Escarbot]] [[zh:User:Escarbot]] [[zh-classical:User:Escarbot]] [[zh-min-nan:User:Escarbot]] [[zh-yue:User:Escarbot]] 9810 2006-11-19T14:02:24Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[iu:User:Escarbot]], [[tg:Корбар:Escarbot]] {|width="60%" align="center" cellspacing="3" style="border: 3px solid orange; background-color: #FFFFCC; margin-bottom: 6px;" |align="center"|'''Robot en cours de test''' |- | Ce robot en cours de test est destiné à faire des interwikis. |- | Dresseur : [[:fr:Utilisateur:Vargenau|Vargenau]] |- | Laissez vos commentaires sur [[:fr:Discussion Utilisateur:Vargenau|ma page de discussion]]. Merci. |} {|width="60%" align="center" cellspacing="3" style="border: 3px solid orange; background-color: #FFFFCC; margin-bottom: 6px;" |align="center"|'''Robot currently under test''' |- | This robot currently under test will only be used to make interwiki links. |- | Owner: [[:fr:Utilisateur:Vargenau|Vargenau]] |- | Please leave your comments (in French or English) on [[:fr:Discussion Utilisateur:Vargenau|my French talk page]]. Thank you. |} [[Category:Wikipedia Bot]] [[ab:Участник:Escarbot]] [[af:Gebruiker:Escarbot]] [[als:Benutzer:Escarbot]] [[am:User:Escarbot]] [[an:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[ang:User:Escarbot]] [[ar:مستخدم:Escarbot]] [[ast:Usuariu:Escarbot]] [[av:Участник:Escarbot]] [[az:İstifadəçi:Escarbot]] [[ba:Ҡатнашыусы:Escarbot]] [[be:Удзельнік:Escarbot]] [[bg:Потребител:Escarbot]] [[bm:Utilisateur:Escarbot]] [[bn:ব্যবহারকারী:Escarbot]] [[bo:User:Escarbot]] [[br:Implijer:Escarbot]] [[bs:Korisnik:Escarbot]] [[ca:Usuari:Escarbot]] [[ceb:User:Escarbot]] [[chr:User:Escarbot]] [[co:User:Escarbot]] [[cs:Wikipedista:Escarbot]] [[csb:Brëkòwnik:Escarbot]] [[cv:Хутшăнакан:Escarbot]] [[cy:Defnyddiwr:Escarbot]] [[da:Bruger:Escarbot]] [[de:Benutzer:Escarbot]] [[diq:User:Escarbot]] [[dv:User:Escarbot]] [[el:Χρήστης:Escarbot]] [[en:User:Escarbot]] [[eo:Vikipediisto:Escarbot]] [[es:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[et:Kasutaja:Escarbot]] [[eu:Lankide:Escarbot]] [[fa:کاربر:Escarbot]] [[fi:Käyttäjä:Escarbot]] [[fiu-vro:User:Escarbot]] [[fo:Brúkari:Escarbot]] [[fr:Utilisateur:Escarbot]] [[frp:User:Escarbot]] [[fur:Utent:Escarbot]] [[fy:Meidogger:Escarbot]] [[ga:Úsáideoir:Escarbot]] [[gd:User:Escarbot]] [[gl:User:Escarbot]] [[got:User:Escarbot]] [[gu:User:Escarbot]] [[he:משתמש:Escarbot]] [[hi:सदस्य:Escarbot]] [[hr:Suradnik:Escarbot]] [[hsb:User:Escarbot]] [[ht:User:Escarbot]] [[hu:User:Escarbot]] [[hy:User:Escarbot]] [[ia:Usator:Escarbot]] [[id:Pengguna:Escarbot]] [[ie:User:Escarbot]] [[ilo:User:Escarbot]] [[io:User:Escarbot]] [[is:Notandi:Escarbot]] [[it:Utente:Escarbot]] [[iu:User:Escarbot]] [[ja:利用者:Escarbot]] [[jbo:User:Escarbot]] [[jv:Panganggo:Escarbot]] [[ka:მომხმარებელი:Escarbot]] [[kg:User:Escarbot]] [[kj:User:Escarbot]] [[kn:ಸದಸ್ಯ:Escarbot]] [[ko:사용자:Escarbot]] [[ks:User:Escarbot]] [[ksh:Medmaacher:Escarbot]] [[ku:Bikarhêner:Escarbot]] [[kw:User:Escarbot]] [[ky:User:Escarbot]] [[la:Usor:Escarbot]] [[lad:User:Escarbot]] [[lb:User:Escarbot]] [[li:Gebroeker:Escarbot]] [[lij:User:Escarbot]] [[lmo:User:Escarbot]] [[lt:Naudotojas:Escarbot]] [[lv:Lietotājs:Escarbot]] [[map-bms:User:Escarbot]] [[mg:User:Escarbot]] [[mi:User:Escarbot]] [[mk:Корисник:Escarbot]] [[ml:User:Escarbot]] [[mn:User:Escarbot]] [[mo:User:Escarbot]] [[mr:User:Escarbot]] [[ms:Pengguna:Escarbot]] [[mt:User:Escarbot]] [[my:User:Escarbot]] [[na:User:Escarbot]] [[nah:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[nap:Utente:Escarbot]] [[nds:Bruker:Escarbot]] [[nds-nl:Gebruker:Escarbot]] [[nl:Gebruiker:Escarbot]] [[nn:Brukar:Escarbot]] [[no:Bruker:Escarbot]] [[nov:User:Escarbot]] [[nrm:User:Escarbot]] [[nv:Choinish'įįhí:Escarbot]] [[oc:Utilisator:Escarbot]] [[os:Архайæг:Escarbot]] [[pag:User:Escarbot]] [[pam:User:Escarbot]] [[pdc:User:Escarbot]] [[pl:Wikipedysta:Escarbot]] [[pms:Utent:Escarbot]] [[ps:User:Escarbot]] [[pt:Usuário:Escarbot]] [[qu:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[rm:User:Escarbot]] [[rmy:Jeno:Escarbot]] [[ro:Utilizator:Escarbot]] [[ru:Участник:Escarbot]] [[ru-sib:User:Escarbot]] [[sa:User:Escarbot]] [[sc:Utente:Escarbot]] [[scn:User:Escarbot]] [[sco:User:Escarbot]] [[se:User:Escarbot]] [[sg:User:Escarbot]] [[sh:User:Escarbot]] [[si:User:Escarbot]] [[simple:User:Escarbot]] [[sk:Redaktor:Escarbot]] [[sl:Uporabnik:Escarbot]] [[sm:User:Escarbot]] [[sq:Përdoruesi:Escarbot]] [[sr:Корисник:Escarbot]] [[su:Pamaké:Escarbot]] [[sv:Användare:Escarbot]] [[sw:User:Escarbot]] [[ta:பயனர்:Escarbot]] [[te:సభ్యుడు:Escarbot]] [[tet:User:Escarbot]] [[tg:Корбар:Escarbot]] [[th:ผู้ใช้:Escarbot]] [[tk:User:Escarbot]] [[tl:User:Escarbot]] [[tpi:User:Escarbot]] [[tr:Kullanıcı:Escarbot]] [[tt:Äğzä:Escarbot]] [[tw:User:Escarbot]] [[udm:Викиавтор:Escarbot]] [[ug:User:Escarbot]] [[uk:Користувач:Escarbot]] [[ur:صارف:Escarbot]] [[uz:User:Escarbot]] [[ve:User:Escarbot]] [[vec:Utente:Escarbot]] [[vi:Thành viên:Escarbot]] [[vo:User:Escarbot]] [[wa:Uzeu:Escarbot]] [[war:User:Escarbot]] [[wo:User:Escarbot]] [[yi:באַניצער:Escarbot]] [[zh:User:Escarbot]] [[zh-classical:User:Escarbot]] [[zh-min-nan:User:Escarbot]] [[zh-yue:User:Escarbot]] 9836 2006-11-22T04:07:48Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[bar:User:Escarbot]] {|width="60%" align="center" cellspacing="3" style="border: 3px solid orange; background-color: #FFFFCC; margin-bottom: 6px;" |align="center"|'''Robot en cours de test''' |- | Ce robot en cours de test est destiné à faire des interwikis. |- | Dresseur : [[:fr:Utilisateur:Vargenau|Vargenau]] |- | Laissez vos commentaires sur [[:fr:Discussion Utilisateur:Vargenau|ma page de discussion]]. Merci. |} {|width="60%" align="center" cellspacing="3" style="border: 3px solid orange; background-color: #FFFFCC; margin-bottom: 6px;" |align="center"|'''Robot currently under test''' |- | This robot currently under test will only be used to make interwiki links. |- | Owner: [[:fr:Utilisateur:Vargenau|Vargenau]] |- | Please leave your comments (in French or English) on [[:fr:Discussion Utilisateur:Vargenau|my French talk page]]. Thank you. |} [[Category:Wikipedia Bot]] [[ab:Участник:Escarbot]] [[af:Gebruiker:Escarbot]] [[als:Benutzer:Escarbot]] [[am:User:Escarbot]] [[an:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[ang:User:Escarbot]] [[ar:مستخدم:Escarbot]] [[ast:Usuariu:Escarbot]] [[av:Участник:Escarbot]] [[az:İstifadəçi:Escarbot]] [[ba:Ҡатнашыусы:Escarbot]] [[bar:User:Escarbot]] [[be:Удзельнік:Escarbot]] [[bg:Потребител:Escarbot]] [[bm:Utilisateur:Escarbot]] [[bn:ব্যবহারকারী:Escarbot]] [[bo:User:Escarbot]] [[br:Implijer:Escarbot]] [[bs:Korisnik:Escarbot]] [[ca:Usuari:Escarbot]] [[ceb:User:Escarbot]] [[chr:User:Escarbot]] [[co:User:Escarbot]] [[cs:Wikipedista:Escarbot]] [[csb:Brëkòwnik:Escarbot]] [[cv:Хутшăнакан:Escarbot]] [[cy:Defnyddiwr:Escarbot]] [[da:Bruger:Escarbot]] [[de:Benutzer:Escarbot]] [[diq:User:Escarbot]] [[dv:User:Escarbot]] [[el:Χρήστης:Escarbot]] [[en:User:Escarbot]] [[eo:Vikipediisto:Escarbot]] [[es:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[et:Kasutaja:Escarbot]] [[eu:Lankide:Escarbot]] [[fa:کاربر:Escarbot]] [[fi:Käyttäjä:Escarbot]] [[fiu-vro:User:Escarbot]] [[fo:Brúkari:Escarbot]] [[fr:Utilisateur:Escarbot]] [[frp:User:Escarbot]] [[fur:Utent:Escarbot]] [[fy:Meidogger:Escarbot]] [[ga:Úsáideoir:Escarbot]] [[gd:User:Escarbot]] [[gl:User:Escarbot]] [[got:User:Escarbot]] [[gu:User:Escarbot]] [[he:משתמש:Escarbot]] [[hi:सदस्य:Escarbot]] [[hr:Suradnik:Escarbot]] [[hsb:User:Escarbot]] [[ht:User:Escarbot]] [[hu:User:Escarbot]] [[hy:User:Escarbot]] [[ia:Usator:Escarbot]] [[id:Pengguna:Escarbot]] [[ie:User:Escarbot]] [[ilo:User:Escarbot]] [[io:User:Escarbot]] [[is:Notandi:Escarbot]] [[it:Utente:Escarbot]] [[iu:User:Escarbot]] [[ja:利用者:Escarbot]] [[jbo:User:Escarbot]] [[jv:Panganggo:Escarbot]] [[ka:მომხმარებელი:Escarbot]] [[kg:User:Escarbot]] [[kj:User:Escarbot]] [[kn:ಸದಸ್ಯ:Escarbot]] [[ko:사용자:Escarbot]] [[ks:User:Escarbot]] [[ksh:Medmaacher:Escarbot]] [[ku:Bikarhêner:Escarbot]] [[kw:User:Escarbot]] [[ky:User:Escarbot]] [[la:Usor:Escarbot]] [[lad:User:Escarbot]] [[lb:User:Escarbot]] [[li:Gebroeker:Escarbot]] [[lij:User:Escarbot]] [[lmo:User:Escarbot]] [[lt:Naudotojas:Escarbot]] [[lv:Lietotājs:Escarbot]] [[map-bms:User:Escarbot]] [[mg:User:Escarbot]] [[mi:User:Escarbot]] [[mk:Корисник:Escarbot]] [[ml:User:Escarbot]] [[mn:User:Escarbot]] [[mo:User:Escarbot]] [[mr:User:Escarbot]] [[ms:Pengguna:Escarbot]] [[mt:User:Escarbot]] [[my:User:Escarbot]] [[na:User:Escarbot]] [[nah:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[nap:Utente:Escarbot]] [[nds:Bruker:Escarbot]] [[nds-nl:Gebruker:Escarbot]] [[nl:Gebruiker:Escarbot]] [[nn:Brukar:Escarbot]] [[no:Bruker:Escarbot]] [[nov:User:Escarbot]] [[nrm:User:Escarbot]] [[nv:Choinish'įįhí:Escarbot]] [[oc:Utilisator:Escarbot]] [[os:Архайæг:Escarbot]] [[pag:User:Escarbot]] [[pam:User:Escarbot]] [[pdc:User:Escarbot]] [[pl:Wikipedysta:Escarbot]] [[pms:Utent:Escarbot]] [[ps:User:Escarbot]] [[pt:Usuário:Escarbot]] [[qu:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[rm:User:Escarbot]] [[rmy:Jeno:Escarbot]] [[ro:Utilizator:Escarbot]] [[ru:Участник:Escarbot]] [[ru-sib:User:Escarbot]] [[sa:User:Escarbot]] [[sc:Utente:Escarbot]] [[scn:User:Escarbot]] [[sco:User:Escarbot]] [[se:User:Escarbot]] [[sg:User:Escarbot]] [[sh:User:Escarbot]] [[si:User:Escarbot]] [[simple:User:Escarbot]] [[sk:Redaktor:Escarbot]] [[sl:Uporabnik:Escarbot]] [[sm:User:Escarbot]] [[sq:Përdoruesi:Escarbot]] [[sr:Корисник:Escarbot]] [[su:Pamaké:Escarbot]] [[sv:Användare:Escarbot]] [[sw:User:Escarbot]] [[ta:பயனர்:Escarbot]] [[te:సభ్యుడు:Escarbot]] [[tet:User:Escarbot]] [[tg:Корбар:Escarbot]] [[th:ผู้ใช้:Escarbot]] [[tk:User:Escarbot]] [[tl:User:Escarbot]] [[tpi:User:Escarbot]] [[tr:Kullanıcı:Escarbot]] [[tt:Äğzä:Escarbot]] [[tw:User:Escarbot]] [[udm:Викиавтор:Escarbot]] [[ug:User:Escarbot]] [[uk:Користувач:Escarbot]] [[ur:صارف:Escarbot]] [[uz:User:Escarbot]] [[ve:User:Escarbot]] [[vec:Utente:Escarbot]] [[vi:Thành viên:Escarbot]] [[vo:User:Escarbot]] [[wa:Uzeu:Escarbot]] [[war:User:Escarbot]] [[wo:User:Escarbot]] [[yi:באַניצער:Escarbot]] [[zh:User:Escarbot]] [[zh-classical:User:Escarbot]] [[zh-min-nan:User:Escarbot]] [[zh-yue:User:Escarbot]] User talk:Escarbot 2333 8513 2006-07-01T18:48:01Z Bombo 12 {|width="60%" align="center" cellspacing="3" style="border: 3px solid orange; background-color: #FFFFCC; margin-bottom: 6px;" |align="center"|'''Robot en cours de test''' |- | Ce robot en cours de test est destiné à faire des interwikis. |- | Dresseur : [[:fr:Utilisateur:Vargenau|Vargenau]] |- | Laissez vos commentaires sur [[:fr:Discussion Utilisateur:Vargenau|ma page de discussion]]. Merci. |} {|width="60%" align="center" cellspacing="3" style="border: 3px solid orange; background-color: #FFFFCC; margin-bottom: 6px;" |align="center"|'''Robot currently under test''' |- | This robot currently under test will only be used to make interwiki links. |- | Owner: [[:fr:Utilisateur:Vargenau|Vargenau]] |- | Please leave your comments (in French or English) on [[:fr:Discussion Utilisateur:Vargenau|my French talk page]]. Thank you. |} O 2334 8516 2006-07-01T18:53:54Z Bombo 12 [[O]] moved to [[Oksijɛ́ní]]: titre=terme et non abréviation #REDIRECT [[Oksijɛ́ní]] MediaWiki:Common.css 2335 8517 2006-07-01T18:57:56Z MediaWiki default /** CSS placed here will be applied to all skins */ MediaWiki:Accountcreated 2336 8519 2006-07-01T18:57:56Z MediaWiki default Account created MediaWiki:Accountcreatedtext 2337 8520 2006-07-01T18:57:56Z MediaWiki default The user account for $1 has been created. 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MediaWiki:Watchlistcount 2436 8676 2006-07-01T18:57:59Z MediaWiki default '''You have $1 items on your watchlist, including talk pages.''' 9633 2006-10-25T19:01:15Z MediaWiki default 90 '''You have {{PLURAL:$1|$1 item|$1 items}} on your watchlist, including talk pages.''' MediaWiki:Watchlistfor 2437 8677 2006-07-01T18:57:59Z MediaWiki default (for '''$1''') MediaWiki:Wldone 2438 8680 2006-07-01T18:57:59Z MediaWiki default Done. Category:Moto wa politiki ya Kinsásá 2439 8703 2006-07-01T20:26:30Z Bombo 12 cat [[category:Kinsásá]] [[category:Moto wa politiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] Category:Kinsásá 2440 8704 2006-07-01T20:27:28Z Bombo 12 cat [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] 8708 2006-07-01T20:30:25Z Bombo 12 Engumba '''Kinsásá''' ezali .... Engumba '''Kinsásá''' ezali Engumba mokonzi ya Repubiliki ya Kongo Demokratiki to mpe [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] N 2441 8711 2006-07-02T14:44:53Z Ivo3 68 Redirecting to [[Azoti]] #redirect[[azoti]] 8712 2006-07-02T14:45:46Z Ivo3 68 Redirecting to [[Azoti]] #redirect[[azoti]] [[category:Kémi]] 8724 2006-07-02T15:45:42Z Ivo3 68 Redirecting to [[Azoti]] #redirect[[azoti]] C 2442 8713 2006-07-02T14:46:59Z Ivo3 68 Redirecting to [[Kaboni]] #redirected[[kaboni]] [[category:kémi]] 8725 2006-07-02T15:46:22Z Ivo3 68 Redirecting to [[Kaboni]] #redirected[[kaboni]] Cl 2443 8714 2006-07-02T14:47:50Z Ivo3 68 Redirecting to [[Koloki]] #redirected[[koloki]] [[category:kémi]] 8722 2006-07-02T15:42:28Z Ivo3 68 Redirecting to [[Koloki]] #redirected[[koloki]] Koloki 2444 8716 2006-07-02T15:26:12Z Ivo3 68 {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Kaboni'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | [[folina|F]]<br />↑<br />Cl<br />↓<br />[[bomo|Br]] | align=center | [[sufa|S]] ← C → [[alago|Ar]] |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:Cl-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Koloki |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>17</sub>Cl |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 17|17]], [[éléments de la période 3|3]], [[éléments du bloc p|p]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 3214 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | NA |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 35,435 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 100 (79) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 99 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 175 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | [[Hélium|He]]3[[Orbitale-s|s]]<sup>2</sup> 3[[Orbitale-p|p]]<sup>5</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2, 8, 7 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | ±1, 3, 5, 7<br />[[acide]] ya makasi |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[Orthorhombique]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | [[Bokási]] [[paramaniétik]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 171,6 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 239,11 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 3,203 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 10,2 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 17,39 ×10<sup>-3</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | 1300 Pa à ?? K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 206 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 3,16 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 480 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | eyebani te |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | 0,0089 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1251,2 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 2298 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 3<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 3822 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 5158,6 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 5<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 6542 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 6<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 9362 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 7<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 11018 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 8<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 33604 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 9<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 38600 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 10<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 43961 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffff99" | Isotopes les plus stables |----- | colspan="2" | {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="100%" |----- ! [[Isotope|iso]] ! [[abondance naturelle|AN]] ! [[demi-vie]] ! [[mode de désintégration|MD]] ! [[énergie de désintégration|Ed]] [[MeV]] ! [[produit de désintégration|PD]] |----- | <sup>35</sup>Cl || '''75,77''' % | colspan="4" | Cl est [[Isotope stable|stable]] avec 18 [[neutron]]s |----- | <sup>36</sup>Cl || [[radioisotope synthétique|{syn.}]] | 301 000 [[année|an]]s | [[désintégration bêta|Bêta<sup>-</sup>]]<br />[[Capture électronique|ε]] | 0,709 <br />1,142 | [[argon|<sup>36</sup>Ar]]<br />[[soufre|<sup>36</sup>S]] |----- | <sup>37</sup>Cl || 24,23 % | colspan="4" | Cl est stable avec 20 neutrons |} |----- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffff99" | <font size="-1">Mayoko ya [[Système international|SI]] & [[conditions normales de température et de pression|CNTP]], sauf indication contraire.</font> |} [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Chloor]] [[ar:كلور]] [[bg:Хлор]] [[ca:Clor]] [[cs:Chlór]] [[cy:Clorin]] [[da:Klor]] [[de:Chlor]] [[el:Χλώριο]] [[en:Chlorine]] [[eo:Kloro]] [[es:Cloro]] [[et:Kloor]] [[fa:کلر]] [[fi:Kloori]] [[gl:Cloro (elemento)]] [[he:כלור]] [[hu:Klór]] [[io:Kloro]] [[is:Klór]] [[it:Cloro]] [[ja:塩素]] [[ko:염소 (원소)]] [[lt:Chloras]] [[lv:Hlors]] [[mi:Hau māota]] [[nl:Chloor]] [[nn:Klor]] [[no:Klor]] [[oc:Clòr]] [[pl:Chlor]] [[pt:Cloro]] [[ro:Clor]] [[ru:Хлор]] [[sh:Hlor]] [[simple:Chlorine]] [[sk:Chlór]] [[sl:Klor]] [[sr:Хлор]] [[sv:Klor]] [[th:คลอรีน]] [[tr:Klor]] [[uk:Хлор]] [[vi:Clo]] [[zh:氯]] 8717 2006-07-02T15:27:01Z Ivo3 68 {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Kaboni'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | [[folina|F]]<br />↑<br />Cl<br />↓<br />[[bomo|Br]] | align=center | [[sufa|S]] ← Cl → [[alago|Ar]] |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:Cl-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Koloki |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>17</sub>Cl |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 17|17]], [[éléments de la période 3|3]], [[éléments du bloc p|p]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 3214 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | NA |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 35,435 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 100 (79) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 99 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 175 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | [[Hélium|He]]3[[Orbitale-s|s]]<sup>2</sup> 3[[Orbitale-p|p]]<sup>5</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2, 8, 7 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | ±1, 3, 5, 7<br />[[acide]] ya makasi |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[Orthorhombique]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | [[Bokási]] [[paramaniétik]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 171,6 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 239,11 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 3,203 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 10,2 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 17,39 ×10<sup>-3</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | 1300 Pa à ?? K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 206 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 3,16 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 480 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | eyebani te |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | 0,0089 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1251,2 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 2298 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 3<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 3822 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 5158,6 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 5<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 6542 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 6<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 9362 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 7<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 11018 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 8<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 33604 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 9<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 38600 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 10<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 43961 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffff99" | Isotopes les plus stables |----- | colspan="2" | {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="100%" |----- ! [[Isotope|iso]] ! [[abondance naturelle|AN]] ! [[demi-vie]] ! [[mode de désintégration|MD]] ! [[énergie de désintégration|Ed]] [[MeV]] ! [[produit de désintégration|PD]] |----- | <sup>35</sup>Cl || '''75,77''' % | colspan="4" | Cl est [[Isotope stable|stable]] avec 18 [[neutron]]s |----- | <sup>36</sup>Cl || [[radioisotope synthétique|{syn.}]] | 301 000 [[année|an]]s | [[désintégration bêta|Bêta<sup>-</sup>]]<br />[[Capture électronique|ε]] | 0,709 <br />1,142 | [[argon|<sup>36</sup>Ar]]<br />[[soufre|<sup>36</sup>S]] |----- | <sup>37</sup>Cl || 24,23 % | colspan="4" | Cl est stable avec 20 neutrons |} |----- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffff99" | <font size="-1">Mayoko ya [[Système international|SI]] & [[conditions normales de température et de pression|CNTP]], sauf indication contraire.</font> |} [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Chloor]] [[ar:كلور]] [[bg:Хлор]] [[ca:Clor]] [[cs:Chlór]] [[cy:Clorin]] [[da:Klor]] [[de:Chlor]] [[el:Χλώριο]] [[en:Chlorine]] [[eo:Kloro]] [[es:Cloro]] [[et:Kloor]] [[fa:کلر]] [[fi:Kloori]] [[gl:Cloro (elemento)]] [[he:כלור]] [[hu:Klór]] [[io:Kloro]] [[is:Klór]] [[it:Cloro]] [[ja:塩素]] [[ko:염소 (원소)]] [[lt:Chloras]] [[lv:Hlors]] [[mi:Hau māota]] [[nl:Chloor]] [[nn:Klor]] [[no:Klor]] [[oc:Clòr]] [[pl:Chlor]] [[pt:Cloro]] [[ro:Clor]] [[ru:Хлор]] [[sh:Hlor]] [[simple:Chlorine]] [[sk:Chlór]] [[sl:Klor]] [[sr:Хлор]] [[sv:Klor]] [[th:คลอรีน]] [[tr:Klor]] [[uk:Хлор]] [[vi:Clo]] [[zh:氯]] 8718 2006-07-02T15:27:44Z Ivo3 68 {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Koloki'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | [[folina|F]]<br />↑<br />Cl<br />↓<br />[[bomo|Br]] | align=center | [[sufa|S]] ← Cl → [[alago|Ar]] |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:Cl-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Koloki |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>17</sub>Cl |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 17|17]], [[éléments de la période 3|3]], [[éléments du bloc p|p]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 3214 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | NA |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 35,435 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 100 (79) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 99 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 175 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | [[Hélium|He]]3[[Orbitale-s|s]]<sup>2</sup> 3[[Orbitale-p|p]]<sup>5</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2, 8, 7 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | ±1, 3, 5, 7<br />[[acide]] ya makasi |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[Orthorhombique]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | [[Bokási]] [[paramaniétik]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 171,6 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 239,11 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 3,203 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 10,2 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 17,39 ×10<sup>-3</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | 1300 Pa à ?? K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 206 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 3,16 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 480 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | eyebani te |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | 0,0089 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1251,2 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 2298 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 3<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 3822 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 5158,6 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 5<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 6542 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 6<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 9362 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 7<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 11018 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 8<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 33604 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 9<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 38600 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 10<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 43961 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffff99" | Isotopes les plus stables |----- | colspan="2" | {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="100%" |----- ! [[Isotope|iso]] ! [[abondance naturelle|AN]] ! [[demi-vie]] ! [[mode de désintégration|MD]] ! [[énergie de désintégration|Ed]] [[MeV]] ! [[produit de désintégration|PD]] |----- | <sup>35</sup>Cl || '''75,77''' % | colspan="4" | Cl est [[Isotope stable|stable]] avec 18 [[neutron]]s |----- | <sup>36</sup>Cl || [[radioisotope synthétique|{syn.}]] | 301 000 [[année|an]]s | [[désintégration bêta|Bêta<sup>-</sup>]]<br />[[Capture électronique|ε]] | 0,709 <br />1,142 | [[argon|<sup>36</sup>Ar]]<br />[[soufre|<sup>36</sup>S]] |----- | <sup>37</sup>Cl || 24,23 % | colspan="4" | Cl est stable avec 20 neutrons |} |----- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffff99" | <font size="-1">Mayoko ya [[Système international|SI]] & [[conditions normales de température et de pression|CNTP]], sauf indication contraire.</font> |} [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Chloor]] [[ar:كلور]] [[bg:Хлор]] [[ca:Clor]] [[cs:Chlór]] [[cy:Clorin]] [[da:Klor]] [[de:Chlor]] [[el:Χλώριο]] [[en:Chlorine]] [[eo:Kloro]] [[es:Cloro]] [[et:Kloor]] [[fa:کلر]] [[fi:Kloori]] [[gl:Cloro (elemento)]] [[he:כלור]] [[hu:Klór]] [[io:Kloro]] [[is:Klór]] [[it:Cloro]] [[ja:塩素]] [[ko:염소 (원소)]] [[lt:Chloras]] [[lv:Hlors]] [[mi:Hau māota]] [[nl:Chloor]] [[nn:Klor]] [[no:Klor]] [[oc:Clòr]] [[pl:Chlor]] [[pt:Cloro]] [[ro:Clor]] [[ru:Хлор]] [[sh:Hlor]] [[simple:Chlorine]] [[sk:Chlór]] [[sl:Klor]] [[sr:Хлор]] [[sv:Klor]] [[th:คลอรีน]] [[tr:Klor]] [[uk:Хлор]] [[vi:Clo]] [[zh:氯]] 8721 2006-07-02T15:41:26Z Ivo3 68 {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Koloki'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | [[folina|F]]<br />↑<br />Cl<br />↓<br />[[bomo|Br]] | align=center | [[sufa|S]] ← Cl → [[alago|Ar]] |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:Cl-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Koloki |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>17</sub>Cl |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 17|17]], [[éléments de la période 3|3]], [[éléments du bloc p|p]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 3214 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | NA |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 35,435 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 100 (79) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 99 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 175 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | [[Hélium|He]]3[[Orbitale-s|s]]<sup>2</sup> 3[[Orbitale-p|p]]<sup>5</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2, 8, 7 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | ±1, 3, 5, 7<br />[[acide]] ya makasi |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[Orthorhombique]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | [[Bokási]] [[paramaniétik]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 171,6 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 239,11 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 3,203 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 10,2 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 17,39 ×10<sup>-3</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | 1300 Pa à ?? K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 206 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 3,16 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 480 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | eyebani te |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | 0,0089 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1251,2 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 2298 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 3<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 3822 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 5158,6 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 5<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 6542 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 6<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 9362 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 7<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 11018 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 8<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 33604 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 9<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 38600 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 10<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 43961 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffff99" | Isotopes les plus stables |----- | colspan="2" | {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="100%" |----- ! [[Isotope|iso]] ! [[abondance naturelle|AN]] ! [[demi-vie]] ! [[mode de désintégration|MD]] ! [[énergie de désintégration|Ed]] [[MeV]] ! [[produit de désintégration|PD]] |----- | <sup>35</sup>Cl || '''75,77''' % | colspan="4" | Cl est [[Isotope stable|stable]] avec 18 [[neutron]]s |----- | <sup>36</sup>Cl || [[radioisotope synthétique|{syn.}]] | 301 000 [[année|an]]s | [[désintégration bêta|Bêta<sup>-</sup>]]<br />[[Capture électronique|ε]] | 0,709 <br />1,142 | [[argon|<sup>36</sup>Ar]]<br />[[soufre|<sup>36</sup>S]] |----- | <sup>37</sup>Cl || 24,23 % | colspan="4" | Cl est stable avec 20 neutrons |} |----- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffff99" | <font size="-1">Mayoko ya [[Système international|SI]] & [[conditions normales de température et de pression|CNTP]], sauf indication contraire.</font> |} [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Chloor]] [[ar:كلور]] [[bg:Хлор]] [[ca:Clor]] [[cs:Chlór]] [[cy:Clorin]] [[da:Klor]] [[de:Chlor]] [[el:Χλώριο]] [[en:Chlorine]] [[eo:Kloro]] [[es:Cloro]] [[et:Kloor]] [[fr:Chlore]] [[fa:کلر]] [[fi:Kloori]] [[gl:Cloro (elemento)]] [[he:כלור]] [[hu:Klór]] [[io:Kloro]] [[is:Klór]] [[it:Cloro]] [[ja:塩素]] [[ko:염소 (원소)]] [[lt:Chloras]] [[lv:Hlors]] [[mi:Hau māota]] [[nl:Chloor]] [[nn:Klor]] [[no:Klor]] [[oc:Clòr]] [[pl:Chlor]] [[pt:Cloro]] [[ro:Clor]] [[ru:Хлор]] [[sh:Hlor]] [[simple:Chlorine]] [[sk:Chlór]] [[sl:Klor]] [[sr:Хлор]] [[sv:Klor]] [[th:คลอรีน]] [[tr:Klor]] [[uk:Хлор]] [[vi:Clo]] [[zh:氯]] 9168 2006-08-26T15:39:55Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[hr:Klor]], [[la:Chlorum]], [[lb:Chlor]] {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Koloki'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | [[folina|F]]<br />↑<br />Cl<br />↓<br />[[bomo|Br]] | align=center | [[sufa|S]] ← Cl → [[alago|Ar]] |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:Cl-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Koloki |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>17</sub>Cl |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 17|17]], [[éléments de la période 3|3]], [[éléments du bloc p|p]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 3214 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | NA |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 35,435 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 100 (79) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 99 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 175 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | [[Hélium|He]]3[[Orbitale-s|s]]<sup>2</sup> 3[[Orbitale-p|p]]<sup>5</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2, 8, 7 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | ±1, 3, 5, 7<br />[[acide]] ya makasi |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[Orthorhombique]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | [[Bokási]] [[paramaniétik]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 171,6 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 239,11 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 3,203 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 10,2 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 17,39 ×10<sup>-3</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | 1300 Pa à ?? K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 206 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 3,16 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 480 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | eyebani te |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | 0,0089 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1251,2 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 2298 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 3<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 3822 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 5158,6 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 5<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 6542 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 6<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 9362 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 7<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 11018 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 8<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 33604 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 9<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 38600 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 10<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 43961 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffff99" | Isotopes les plus stables |----- | colspan="2" | {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="100%" |----- ! [[Isotope|iso]] ! [[abondance naturelle|AN]] ! [[demi-vie]] ! [[mode de désintégration|MD]] ! [[énergie de désintégration|Ed]] [[MeV]] ! [[produit de désintégration|PD]] |----- | <sup>35</sup>Cl || '''75,77''' % | colspan="4" | Cl est [[Isotope stable|stable]] avec 18 [[neutron]]s |----- | <sup>36</sup>Cl || [[radioisotope synthétique|{syn.}]] | 301 000 [[année|an]]s | [[désintégration bêta|Bêta<sup>-</sup>]]<br />[[Capture électronique|ε]] | 0,709 <br />1,142 | [[argon|<sup>36</sup>Ar]]<br />[[soufre|<sup>36</sup>S]] |----- | <sup>37</sup>Cl || 24,23 % | colspan="4" | Cl est stable avec 20 neutrons |} |----- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffff99" | <font size="-1">Mayoko ya [[Système international|SI]] & [[conditions normales de température et de pression|CNTP]], sauf indication contraire.</font> |} [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Chloor]] [[ar:كلور]] [[bg:Хлор]] [[ca:Clor]] [[cs:Chlór]] [[cy:Clorin]] [[da:Klor]] [[de:Chlor]] [[el:Χλώριο]] [[en:Chlorine]] [[eo:Kloro]] [[es:Cloro]] [[et:Kloor]] [[fa:کلر]] [[fi:Kloori]] [[fr:Chlore]] [[gl:Cloro (elemento)]] [[he:כלור]] [[hr:Klor]] [[hu:Klór]] [[io:Kloro]] [[is:Klór]] [[it:Cloro]] [[ja:塩素]] [[ko:염소 (원소)]] [[la:Chlorum]] [[lb:Chlor]] [[lt:Chloras]] [[lv:Hlors]] [[mi:Hau māota]] [[nl:Chloor]] [[nn:Klor]] [[no:Klor]] [[oc:Clòr]] [[pl:Chlor]] [[pt:Cloro]] [[ro:Clor]] [[ru:Хлор]] [[sh:Hlor]] [[simple:Chlorine]] [[sk:Chlór]] [[sl:Klor]] [[sr:Хлор]] [[sv:Klor]] [[th:คลอรีน]] [[tr:Klor]] [[uk:Хлор]] [[vi:Clo]] [[zh:氯]] 9319 2006-09-03T11:12:34Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[ug:خلور گازى]], [[zh-yue:氯]] {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Koloki'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | [[folina|F]]<br />↑<br />Cl<br />↓<br />[[bomo|Br]] | align=center | [[sufa|S]] ← Cl → [[alago|Ar]] |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:Cl-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Koloki |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>17</sub>Cl |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 17|17]], [[éléments de la période 3|3]], [[éléments du bloc p|p]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 3214 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | NA |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 35,435 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 100 (79) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 99 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 175 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | [[Hélium|He]]3[[Orbitale-s|s]]<sup>2</sup> 3[[Orbitale-p|p]]<sup>5</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2, 8, 7 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | ±1, 3, 5, 7<br />[[acide]] ya makasi |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[Orthorhombique]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | [[Bokási]] [[paramaniétik]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 171,6 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 239,11 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 3,203 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 10,2 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 17,39 ×10<sup>-3</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | 1300 Pa à ?? K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 206 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 3,16 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 480 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | eyebani te |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | 0,0089 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1251,2 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 2298 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 3<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 3822 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 5158,6 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 5<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 6542 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 6<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 9362 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 7<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 11018 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 8<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 33604 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 9<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 38600 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 10<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 43961 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffff99" | Isotopes les plus stables |----- | colspan="2" | {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="100%" |----- ! [[Isotope|iso]] ! [[abondance naturelle|AN]] ! [[demi-vie]] ! [[mode de désintégration|MD]] ! [[énergie de désintégration|Ed]] [[MeV]] ! [[produit de désintégration|PD]] |----- | <sup>35</sup>Cl || '''75,77''' % | colspan="4" | Cl est [[Isotope stable|stable]] avec 18 [[neutron]]s |----- | <sup>36</sup>Cl || [[radioisotope synthétique|{syn.}]] | 301 000 [[année|an]]s | [[désintégration bêta|Bêta<sup>-</sup>]]<br />[[Capture électronique|ε]] | 0,709 <br />1,142 | [[argon|<sup>36</sup>Ar]]<br />[[soufre|<sup>36</sup>S]] |----- | <sup>37</sup>Cl || 24,23 % | colspan="4" | Cl est stable avec 20 neutrons |} |----- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffff99" | <font size="-1">Mayoko ya [[Système international|SI]] & [[conditions normales de température et de pression|CNTP]], sauf indication contraire.</font> |} [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Chloor]] [[ar:كلور]] [[bg:Хлор]] [[ca:Clor]] [[cs:Chlór]] [[cy:Clorin]] [[da:Klor]] [[de:Chlor]] [[el:Χλώριο]] [[en:Chlorine]] [[eo:Kloro]] [[es:Cloro]] [[et:Kloor]] [[fa:کلر]] [[fi:Kloori]] [[fr:Chlore]] [[gl:Cloro (elemento)]] [[he:כלור]] [[hr:Klor]] [[hu:Klór]] [[io:Kloro]] [[is:Klór]] [[it:Cloro]] [[ja:塩素]] [[ko:염소 (원소)]] [[la:Chlorum]] [[lb:Chlor]] [[lt:Chloras]] [[lv:Hlors]] [[mi:Hau māota]] [[nl:Chloor]] [[nn:Klor]] [[no:Klor]] [[oc:Clòr]] [[pl:Chlor]] [[pt:Cloro]] [[ro:Clor]] [[ru:Хлор]] [[sh:Hlor]] [[simple:Chlorine]] [[sk:Chlór]] [[sl:Klor]] [[sr:Хлор]] [[sv:Klor]] [[th:คลอรีน]] [[tr:Klor]] [[ug:خلور گازى]] [[uk:Хлор]] [[vi:Clo]] [[zh:氯]] [[zh-yue:氯]] 9513 2006-10-17T03:43:30Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: [[hy:Քլոր]], [[sq:Klori]], [[uz:Xlor]] {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Koloki'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | [[folina|F]]<br />↑<br />Cl<br />↓<br />[[bomo|Br]] | align=center | [[sufa|S]] ← Cl → [[alago|Ar]] |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:Cl-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Koloki |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>17</sub>Cl |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 17|17]], [[éléments de la période 3|3]], [[éléments du bloc p|p]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 3214 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | NA |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 35,435 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 100 (79) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 99 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 175 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | [[Hélium|He]]3[[Orbitale-s|s]]<sup>2</sup> 3[[Orbitale-p|p]]<sup>5</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2, 8, 7 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | ±1, 3, 5, 7<br />[[acide]] ya makasi |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[Orthorhombique]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | [[Bokási]] [[paramaniétik]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 171,6 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 239,11 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 3,203 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 10,2 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 17,39 ×10<sup>-3</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | 1300 Pa à ?? K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 206 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 3,16 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 480 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | eyebani te |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | 0,0089 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1251,2 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 2298 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 3<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 3822 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 5158,6 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 5<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 6542 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 6<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 9362 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 7<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 11018 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 8<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 33604 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 9<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 38600 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 10<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 43961 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffff99" | Isotopes les plus stables |----- | colspan="2" | {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="100%" |----- ! [[Isotope|iso]] ! [[abondance naturelle|AN]] ! [[demi-vie]] ! [[mode de désintégration|MD]] ! [[énergie de désintégration|Ed]] [[MeV]] ! [[produit de désintégration|PD]] |----- | <sup>35</sup>Cl || '''75,77''' % | colspan="4" | Cl est [[Isotope stable|stable]] avec 18 [[neutron]]s |----- | <sup>36</sup>Cl || [[radioisotope synthétique|{syn.}]] | 301 000 [[année|an]]s | [[désintégration bêta|Bêta<sup>-</sup>]]<br />[[Capture électronique|ε]] | 0,709 <br />1,142 | [[argon|<sup>36</sup>Ar]]<br />[[soufre|<sup>36</sup>S]] |----- | <sup>37</sup>Cl || 24,23 % | colspan="4" | Cl est stable avec 20 neutrons |} |----- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffff99" | <font size="-1">Mayoko ya [[Système international|SI]] & [[conditions normales de température et de pression|CNTP]], sauf indication contraire.</font> |} [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Chloor]] [[ar:كلور]] [[bg:Хлор]] [[ca:Clor]] [[cs:Chlór]] [[cy:Clorin]] [[da:Klor]] [[de:Chlor]] [[el:Χλώριο]] [[en:Chlorine]] [[eo:Kloro]] [[es:Cloro]] [[et:Kloor]] [[fa:کلر]] [[fi:Kloori]] [[fr:Chlore]] [[gl:Cloro (elemento)]] [[he:כלור]] [[hr:Klor]] [[hu:Klór]] [[hy:Քլոր]] [[io:Kloro]] [[is:Klór]] [[it:Cloro]] [[ja:塩素]] [[ko:염소 (원소)]] [[la:Chlorum]] [[lb:Chlor]] [[lt:Chloras]] [[lv:Hlors]] [[mi:Hau māota]] [[nl:Chloor]] [[nn:Klor]] [[no:Klor]] [[oc:Clòr]] [[pl:Chlor]] [[pt:Cloro]] [[ro:Clor]] [[ru:Хлор]] [[sh:Hlor]] [[simple:Chlorine]] [[sk:Chlór]] [[sl:Klor]] [[sq:Klori]] [[sr:Хлор]] [[sv:Klor]] [[th:คลอรีน]] [[tr:Klor]] [[ug:خلور گازى]] [[uk:Хлор]] [[uz:Xlor]] [[vi:Clo]] [[zh:氯]] [[zh-yue:氯]] 9741 2006-11-12T12:37:43Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[ast:Cloru]], [[bat-smg:Chluors]], [[mk:Хлор]] {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Koloki'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | [[folina|F]]<br />↑<br />Cl<br />↓<br />[[bomo|Br]] | align=center | [[sufa|S]] ← Cl → [[alago|Ar]] |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:Cl-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Koloki |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>17</sub>Cl |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Non-metal* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 17|17]], [[éléments de la période 3|3]], [[éléments du bloc p|p]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 3214 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | NA |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 35,435 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 100 (79) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 99 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 175 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | [[Hélium|He]]3[[Orbitale-s|s]]<sup>2</sup> 3[[Orbitale-p|p]]<sup>5</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2, 8, 7 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | ±1, 3, 5, 7<br />[[acide]] ya makasi |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[Orthorhombique]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | [[Bokási]] [[paramaniétik]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 171,6 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 239,11 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 3,203 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 10,2 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 17,39 ×10<sup>-3</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | 1300 Pa à ?? K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 206 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 3,16 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 480 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | eyebani te |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | 0,0089 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 1251,2 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 2298 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 3<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 3822 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 5158,6 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 5<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 6542 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 6<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 9362 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 7<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 11018 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 8<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 33604 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 9<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 38600 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 10<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 43961 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffff99" | Isotopes les plus stables |----- | colspan="2" | {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="100%" |----- ! [[Isotope|iso]] ! [[abondance naturelle|AN]] ! [[demi-vie]] ! [[mode de désintégration|MD]] ! [[énergie de désintégration|Ed]] [[MeV]] ! [[produit de désintégration|PD]] |----- | <sup>35</sup>Cl || '''75,77''' % | colspan="4" | Cl est [[Isotope stable|stable]] avec 18 [[neutron]]s |----- | <sup>36</sup>Cl || [[radioisotope synthétique|{syn.}]] | 301 000 [[année|an]]s | [[désintégration bêta|Bêta<sup>-</sup>]]<br />[[Capture électronique|ε]] | 0,709 <br />1,142 | [[argon|<sup>36</sup>Ar]]<br />[[soufre|<sup>36</sup>S]] |----- | <sup>37</sup>Cl || 24,23 % | colspan="4" | Cl est stable avec 20 neutrons |} |----- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffff99" | <font size="-1">Mayoko ya [[Système international|SI]] & [[conditions normales de température et de pression|CNTP]], sauf indication contraire.</font> |} [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Chloor]] [[ar:كلور]] [[ast:Cloru]] [[bat-smg:Chluors]] [[bg:Хлор]] [[ca:Clor]] [[cs:Chlór]] [[cy:Clorin]] [[da:Klor]] [[de:Chlor]] [[el:Χλώριο]] [[en:Chlorine]] [[eo:Kloro]] [[es:Cloro]] [[et:Kloor]] [[fa:کلر]] [[fi:Kloori]] [[fr:Chlore]] [[gl:Cloro (elemento)]] [[he:כלור]] [[hr:Klor]] [[hu:Klór]] [[hy:Քլոր]] [[io:Kloro]] [[is:Klór]] [[it:Cloro]] [[ja:塩素]] [[ko:염소 (원소)]] [[la:Chlorum]] [[lb:Chlor]] [[lt:Chloras]] [[lv:Hlors]] [[mi:Hau māota]] [[mk:Хлор]] [[nl:Chloor]] [[nn:Klor]] [[no:Klor]] [[oc:Clòr]] [[pl:Chlor]] [[pt:Cloro]] [[ro:Clor]] [[ru:Хлор]] [[sh:Hlor]] [[simple:Chlorine]] [[sk:Chlór]] [[sl:Klor]] [[sq:Klori]] [[sr:Хлор]] [[sv:Klor]] [[th:คลอรีน]] [[tr:Klor]] [[ug:خلور گازى]] [[uk:Хлор]] [[uz:Xlor]] [[vi:Clo]] [[zh:氯]] [[zh-yue:氯]] Na 2445 8727 2006-07-02T15:51:42Z Ivo3 68 Redirecting to [[Sodu]] #redirected[[Sodu]] Sodu 2446 8728 2006-07-02T16:40:16Z Ivo3 68 {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Sodu'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:Na%2C11-thumb.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />O<br />↓<br />[[Sufa|S]] | align=center | [[Azoti|N]] ← O → [[Folina|F]] |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:Na-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Sodu |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>11</sub>Na |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | metal-alcalin* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 1|1]], [[éléments de la période 3|3]], [[éléments du bloc s|s]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 968 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | 0.5 |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Mpémbé ya [[Sɛ́ngi]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 22.989770 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 180 (190) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 154 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 227 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | [[néon|Ne]][[orbitale-s|3s<sup>1</sup>]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2, 8, 1 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | 1<br />[[baz]] ya makasi |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[cubique(kibik) face centrée]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | Bokási paramanietik |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 370.87 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 1156 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 2.598 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 96.96 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 23.78 ×10<sup>-6</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | 1.43×10<sup>-5</sup>[[Pascal (lyoko)|Pa]] na 1234 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 3200 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] na 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 0.93 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 1230 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | 21 10<sup>6</sup>/m [[ohm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | 141 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m*K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 495.8 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 4562 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 3<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 6910.3 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 9543 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 5<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 13354 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 6<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 16613 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 7<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 20117 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 8<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 25496 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 9<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 28932 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 10<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 141362 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#FF6666" | Isotopes les plus stables |----- | colspan="2" | {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="100%" |----- ! [[Isotope|iso]] ! [[Abondance naturelle|AN]] ! [[demi-vie]] ! [[mode de désintégration|MD]] ! [[énergie de désintégration|Ed]] [[méga|M]][[électron-volt|eV]] ! [[produit de désintégration|PD]] |----- | <sup>22</sup>Na || [[radioisotope synthétique|{syn.}]] | 2.602 ans || [[Capture électronique|ε]] || 2.842 | [[néon|<sup>22</sup>Ne]] |----- | <sup>23</sup>Na || '''100%''' | colspan="4" | Na est stable avec 12 [[neutron]]s |} |----- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#FF6666" | <font size="-1">Unités du [[Système international|SI]] & [[conditions normales de température et de pression|CNTP]], sauf indication contraire.</font> |} [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Natrium]] [[ar:صوديوم]] [[bg:Натрий]] [[ca:Sodi]] [[cs:Sodík]] [[cy:Sodiwm]] [[da:Natrium]] [[de:Natrium]] [[en:Sodium]] [[eo:Natrio]] [[es:Sodio]] [[et:Naatrium]] [[fr:Sodium]] [[fi:Natrium]] [[he:נתרן]] [[hr:Natrij]] [[hu:Nátrium]] [[id:Natrium]] [[io:Natro]] [[is:Natrín]] [[it:Sodio]] [[ja:ナトリウム]] [[ko:나트륨]] [[ku:Sodyûm]] [[la:Natrium]] [[lt:Natris]] [[lv:Nātrijs]] [[mi:Konutai]] [[nl:Natrium]] [[nn:Natrium]] [[no:Natrium]] [[pl:Sód]] [[pt:Sódio]] [[ro:Sodiu]] [[ru:Натрий]] [[sh:Natrij]] [[simple:Sodium]] [[sk:Sodík]] [[sl:Natrij]] [[sr:Натријум]] [[sv:Natrium]] [[th:โซเดียม]] [[tr:Sodyum]] [[ug:ناترىي]] [[uk:Натрій]] [[vi:Natri]] [[wa:Sodiom]] [[zh:钠]] 9059 2006-08-02T06:35:34Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: [[bn:সোডিয়াম]], [[el:Νάτριο]] {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Sodu'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:Na%2C11-thumb.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />O<br />↓<br />[[Sufa|S]] | align=center | [[Azoti|N]] ← O → [[Folina|F]] |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:Na-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Sodu |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>11</sub>Na |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | metal-alcalin* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 1|1]], [[éléments de la période 3|3]], [[éléments du bloc s|s]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 968 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | 0.5 |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Mpémbé ya [[Sɛ́ngi]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 22.989770 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 180 (190) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 154 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 227 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | [[néon|Ne]][[orbitale-s|3s<sup>1</sup>]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2, 8, 1 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | 1<br />[[baz]] ya makasi |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[cubique(kibik) face centrée]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | Bokási paramanietik |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 370.87 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 1156 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 2.598 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 96.96 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 23.78 ×10<sup>-6</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | 1.43×10<sup>-5</sup>[[Pascal (lyoko)|Pa]] na 1234 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 3200 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] na 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 0.93 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 1230 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | 21 10<sup>6</sup>/m [[ohm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | 141 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m*K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 495.8 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 4562 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 3<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 6910.3 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 9543 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 5<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 13354 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 6<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 16613 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 7<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 20117 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 8<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 25496 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 9<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 28932 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 10<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 141362 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#FF6666" | Isotopes les plus stables |----- | colspan="2" | {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="100%" |----- ! [[Isotope|iso]] ! [[Abondance naturelle|AN]] ! [[demi-vie]] ! [[mode de désintégration|MD]] ! [[énergie de désintégration|Ed]] [[méga|M]][[électron-volt|eV]] ! [[produit de désintégration|PD]] |----- | <sup>22</sup>Na || [[radioisotope synthétique|{syn.}]] | 2.602 ans || [[Capture électronique|ε]] || 2.842 | [[néon|<sup>22</sup>Ne]] |----- | <sup>23</sup>Na || '''100%''' | colspan="4" | Na est stable avec 12 [[neutron]]s |} |----- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#FF6666" | <font size="-1">Unités du [[Système international|SI]] & [[conditions normales de température et de pression|CNTP]], sauf indication contraire.</font> |} [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Natrium]] [[ar:صوديوم]] [[bg:Натрий]] [[bn:সোডিয়াম]] [[ca:Sodi]] [[cs:Sodík]] [[cy:Sodiwm]] [[da:Natrium]] [[de:Natrium]] [[el:Νάτριο]] [[en:Sodium]] [[eo:Natrio]] [[es:Sodio]] [[et:Naatrium]] [[fi:Natrium]] [[fr:Sodium]] [[he:נתרן]] [[hr:Natrij]] [[hu:Nátrium]] [[id:Natrium]] [[io:Natro]] [[is:Natrín]] [[it:Sodio]] [[ja:ナトリウム]] [[ko:나트륨]] [[ku:Sodyûm]] [[la:Natrium]] [[lt:Natris]] [[lv:Nātrijs]] [[mi:Konutai]] [[nl:Natrium]] [[nn:Natrium]] [[no:Natrium]] [[pl:Sód]] [[pt:Sódio]] [[ro:Sodiu]] [[ru:Натрий]] [[sh:Natrij]] [[simple:Sodium]] [[sk:Sodík]] [[sl:Natrij]] [[sr:Натријум]] [[sv:Natrium]] [[th:โซเดียม]] [[tr:Sodyum]] [[ug:ناترىي]] [[uk:Натрій]] [[vi:Natri]] [[wa:Sodiom]] [[zh:钠]] 9173 2006-08-26T20:28:57Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[lb:Natrium]], [[zh-yue:鈉]] {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Sodu'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:Na%2C11-thumb.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />O<br />↓<br />[[Sufa|S]] | align=center | [[Azoti|N]] ← O → [[Folina|F]] |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:Na-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Sodu |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>11</sub>Na |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | metal-alcalin* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 1|1]], [[éléments de la période 3|3]], [[éléments du bloc s|s]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 968 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | 0.5 |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Mpémbé ya [[Sɛ́ngi]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 22.989770 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 180 (190) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 154 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 227 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | [[néon|Ne]][[orbitale-s|3s<sup>1</sup>]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2, 8, 1 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | 1<br />[[baz]] ya makasi |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[cubique(kibik) face centrée]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | Bokási paramanietik |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 370.87 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 1156 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 2.598 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 96.96 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 23.78 ×10<sup>-6</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | 1.43×10<sup>-5</sup>[[Pascal (lyoko)|Pa]] na 1234 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 3200 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] na 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 0.93 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 1230 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | 21 10<sup>6</sup>/m [[ohm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | 141 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m*K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 495.8 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 4562 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 3<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 6910.3 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 9543 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 5<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 13354 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 6<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 16613 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 7<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 20117 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 8<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 25496 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 9<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 28932 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 10<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 141362 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#FF6666" | Isotopes les plus stables |----- | colspan="2" | {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="100%" |----- ! [[Isotope|iso]] ! [[Abondance naturelle|AN]] ! [[demi-vie]] ! [[mode de désintégration|MD]] ! [[énergie de désintégration|Ed]] [[méga|M]][[électron-volt|eV]] ! [[produit de désintégration|PD]] |----- | <sup>22</sup>Na || [[radioisotope synthétique|{syn.}]] | 2.602 ans || [[Capture électronique|ε]] || 2.842 | [[néon|<sup>22</sup>Ne]] |----- | <sup>23</sup>Na || '''100%''' | colspan="4" | Na est stable avec 12 [[neutron]]s |} |----- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#FF6666" | <font size="-1">Unités du [[Système international|SI]] & [[conditions normales de température et de pression|CNTP]], sauf indication contraire.</font> |} [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Natrium]] [[ar:صوديوم]] [[bg:Натрий]] [[bn:সোডিয়াম]] [[ca:Sodi]] [[cs:Sodík]] [[cy:Sodiwm]] [[da:Natrium]] [[de:Natrium]] [[el:Νάτριο]] [[en:Sodium]] [[eo:Natrio]] [[es:Sodio]] [[et:Naatrium]] [[fi:Natrium]] [[fr:Sodium]] [[he:נתרן]] [[hr:Natrij]] [[hu:Nátrium]] [[id:Natrium]] [[io:Natro]] [[is:Natrín]] [[it:Sodio]] [[ja:ナトリウム]] [[ko:나트륨]] [[ku:Sodyûm]] [[la:Natrium]] [[lb:Natrium]] [[lt:Natris]] [[lv:Nātrijs]] [[mi:Konutai]] [[nl:Natrium]] [[nn:Natrium]] [[no:Natrium]] [[pl:Sód]] [[pt:Sódio]] [[ro:Sodiu]] [[ru:Натрий]] [[sh:Natrij]] [[simple:Sodium]] [[sk:Sodík]] [[sl:Natrij]] [[sr:Натријум]] [[sv:Natrium]] [[th:โซเดียม]] [[tr:Sodyum]] [[ug:ناترىي]] [[uk:Натрій]] [[vi:Natri]] [[wa:Sodiom]] [[zh:钠]] [[zh-yue:鈉]] 9529 2006-10-22T03:04:49Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: ast, co, hy, oc, sq, tg, uz {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Sodu'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:Na%2C11-thumb.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />O<br />↓<br />[[Sufa|S]] | align=center | [[Azoti|N]] ← O → [[Folina|F]] |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:Na-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Sodu |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>11</sub>Na |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | metal-alcalin* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 1|1]], [[éléments de la période 3|3]], [[éléments du bloc s|s]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 968 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | 0.5 |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Mpémbé ya [[Sɛ́ngi]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 22.989770 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 180 (190) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 154 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 227 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | [[néon|Ne]][[orbitale-s|3s<sup>1</sup>]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2, 8, 1 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | 1<br />[[baz]] ya makasi |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[cubique(kibik) face centrée]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | Bokási paramanietik |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 370.87 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 1156 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 2.598 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 96.96 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 23.78 ×10<sup>-6</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | 1.43×10<sup>-5</sup>[[Pascal (lyoko)|Pa]] na 1234 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 3200 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] na 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 0.93 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 1230 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | 21 10<sup>6</sup>/m [[ohm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | 141 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m*K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 495.8 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 4562 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 3<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 6910.3 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 9543 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 5<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 13354 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 6<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 16613 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 7<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 20117 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 8<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 25496 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 9<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 28932 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 10<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 141362 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#FF6666" | Isotopes les plus stables |----- | colspan="2" | {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="100%" |----- ! [[Isotope|iso]] ! [[Abondance naturelle|AN]] ! [[demi-vie]] ! [[mode de désintégration|MD]] ! [[énergie de désintégration|Ed]] [[méga|M]][[électron-volt|eV]] ! [[produit de désintégration|PD]] |----- | <sup>22</sup>Na || [[radioisotope synthétique|{syn.}]] | 2.602 ans || [[Capture électronique|ε]] || 2.842 | [[néon|<sup>22</sup>Ne]] |----- | <sup>23</sup>Na || '''100%''' | colspan="4" | Na est stable avec 12 [[neutron]]s |} |----- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#FF6666" | <font size="-1">Unités du [[Système international|SI]] & [[conditions normales de température et de pression|CNTP]], sauf indication contraire.</font> |} [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Natrium]] [[ar:صوديوم]] [[ast:Sodiu]] [[bg:Натрий]] [[bn:সোডিয়াম]] [[ca:Sodi]] [[co:Sodiu]] [[cs:Sodík]] [[cy:Sodiwm]] [[da:Natrium]] [[de:Natrium]] [[el:Νάτριο]] [[en:Sodium]] [[eo:Natrio]] [[es:Sodio]] [[et:Naatrium]] [[fi:Natrium]] [[fr:Sodium]] [[he:נתרן]] [[hr:Natrij]] [[hu:Nátrium]] [[hy:Նատրիում]] [[id:Natrium]] [[io:Natro]] [[is:Natrín]] [[it:Sodio]] [[ja:ナトリウム]] [[ko:나트륨]] [[ku:Sodyûm]] [[la:Natrium]] [[lb:Natrium]] [[lt:Natris]] [[lv:Nātrijs]] [[mi:Konutai]] [[nl:Natrium]] [[nn:Natrium]] [[no:Natrium]] [[oc:Sòdi]] [[pl:Sód]] [[pt:Sódio]] [[ro:Sodiu]] [[ru:Натрий]] [[sh:Natrij]] [[simple:Sodium]] [[sk:Sodík]] [[sl:Natrij]] [[sq:Natriumi]] [[sr:Натријум]] [[sv:Natrium]] [[tg:Натрий]] [[th:โซเดียม]] [[tr:Sodyum]] [[ug:ناترىي]] [[uk:Натрій]] [[uz:Natriy]] [[vi:Natri]] [[wa:Sodiom]] [[zh:钠]] [[zh-yue:鈉]] 9993 2006-12-19T08:32:15Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[bs:Natrijum]], [[fa:سدیم]], [[mk:Натриум]] {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Sodu'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:Na%2C11-thumb.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />O<br />↓<br />[[Sufa|S]] | align=center | [[Azoti|N]] ← O → [[Folina|F]] |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:Na-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Sodu |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>11</sub>Na |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | metal-alcalin* |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 1|1]], [[éléments de la période 3|3]], [[éléments du bloc s|s]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 968 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | 0.5 |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Mpémbé ya [[Sɛ́ngi]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 22.989770 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | 180 (190) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 154 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 227 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | [[néon|Ne]][[orbitale-s|3s<sup>1</sup>]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2, 8, 1 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | 1<br />[[baz]] ya makasi |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[cubique(kibik) face centrée]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | Bokási paramanietik |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 370.87 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 1156 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 2.598 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 96.96 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 23.78 ×10<sup>-6</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | 1.43×10<sup>-5</sup>[[Pascal (lyoko)|Pa]] na 1234 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 3200 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] na 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | 0.93 |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 1230 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | 21 10<sup>6</sup>/m [[ohm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] | 141 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m*K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 495.8 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 4562 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 3<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 6910.3 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 4<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 9543 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 5<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 13354 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 6<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 16613 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 7<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 20117 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 8<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 25496 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 9<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 28932 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 10<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation | 141362 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#FF6666" | Isotopes les plus stables |----- | colspan="2" | {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="100%" |----- ! [[Isotope|iso]] ! [[Abondance naturelle|AN]] ! [[demi-vie]] ! [[mode de désintégration|MD]] ! [[énergie de désintégration|Ed]] [[méga|M]][[électron-volt|eV]] ! [[produit de désintégration|PD]] |----- | <sup>22</sup>Na || [[radioisotope synthétique|{syn.}]] | 2.602 ans || [[Capture électronique|ε]] || 2.842 | [[néon|<sup>22</sup>Ne]] |----- | <sup>23</sup>Na || '''100%''' | colspan="4" | Na est stable avec 12 [[neutron]]s |} |----- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#FF6666" | <font size="-1">Unités du [[Système international|SI]] & [[conditions normales de température et de pression|CNTP]], sauf indication contraire.</font> |} [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Natrium]] [[ar:صوديوم]] [[ast:Sodiu]] [[bg:Натрий]] [[bn:সোডিয়াম]] [[bs:Natrijum]] [[ca:Sodi]] [[co:Sodiu]] [[cs:Sodík]] [[cy:Sodiwm]] [[da:Natrium]] [[de:Natrium]] [[el:Νάτριο]] [[en:Sodium]] [[eo:Natrio]] [[es:Sodio]] [[et:Naatrium]] [[fa:سدیم]] [[fi:Natrium]] [[fr:Sodium]] [[he:נתרן]] [[hr:Natrij]] [[hu:Nátrium]] [[hy:Նատրիում]] [[id:Natrium]] [[io:Natro]] [[is:Natrín]] [[it:Sodio]] [[ja:ナトリウム]] [[ko:나트륨]] [[ku:Sodyûm]] [[la:Natrium]] [[lb:Natrium]] [[lt:Natris]] [[lv:Nātrijs]] [[mi:Konutai]] [[mk:Натриум]] [[nl:Natrium]] [[nn:Natrium]] [[no:Natrium]] [[oc:Sòdi]] [[pl:Sód]] [[pt:Sódio]] [[ro:Sodiu]] [[ru:Натрий]] [[sh:Natrij]] [[simple:Sodium]] [[sk:Sodík]] [[sl:Natrij]] [[sq:Natriumi]] [[sr:Натријум]] [[sv:Natrium]] [[tg:Натрий]] [[th:โซเดียม]] [[tr:Sodyum]] [[ug:ناترىي]] [[uk:Натрій]] [[uz:Natriy]] [[vi:Natri]] [[wa:Sodiom]] [[zh:钠]] [[zh-yue:鈉]] Éléments du groupe 1 2447 8729 2006-07-02T16:51:26Z Ivo3 68 [[category:kémi]] 8742 2006-07-02T17:01:20Z Ivo3 68 Éléments de la période 1 2448 8730 2006-07-02T16:51:51Z Ivo3 68 [[category:kémi]] 8740 2006-07-02T17:00:41Z Ivo3 68 Éléments du bloc s 2449 8731 2006-07-02T16:52:09Z Ivo3 68 [[category:kémi]] 8741 2006-07-02T17:00:58Z Ivo3 68 Kilogrammes par mètre cube 2450 8732 2006-07-02T16:52:34Z Ivo3 68 [[category:kémi]] 8738 2006-07-02T16:59:42Z Ivo3 68 Liste des éléments par nom 2451 8733 2006-07-02T16:52:56Z Ivo3 68 [[category:kémi]] 8739 2006-07-02T17:00:18Z Ivo3 68 9113 2006-08-15T12:08:48Z Bombo 12 ===A=== * [[Azoti]] ===B=== ===C=== ===D=== ===E=== ===Ɛ=== ===F=== ===G=== ===Gb=== ===H=== ===I=== * [[Idrojɛ́ní]] ===K=== * [[Kaboni]] * [[Koloki]] ===L=== ===M=== ===Mb=== ===Mp=== ===N=== ===Nd=== ===Ng=== ===Nk=== ===Ns=== ===Nt=== ===Ny=== ===Nz=== ===O=== * [[Oksijɛ́ní]] * [[Oxyde]] ===Ɔ=== ===P=== ===R=== ===S=== * [[Sodu]] ===T=== ===U=== ===V=== ===W=== ===Y=== ===Z=== 9114 2006-08-15T12:10:44Z Bombo 12 /* Z */ ===A=== * [[Azoti]] ===B=== ===C=== ===D=== ===E=== ===Ɛ=== ===F=== ===G=== ===Gb=== ===H=== ===I=== * [[Idrojɛ́ní]] ===K=== * [[Kaboni]] * [[Koloki]] ===L=== ===M=== ===Mb=== ===Mp=== ===N=== ===Nd=== ===Ng=== ===Nk=== ===Ns=== ===Nt=== ===Ny=== ===Nz=== ===O=== * [[Oksijɛ́ní]] * [[Oxyde]] ===Ɔ=== ===P=== ===R=== ===S=== * [[Sodu]] ===T=== ===U=== ===V=== ===W=== ===Y=== ===Z=== [[Category:Kémi]] [[cy:Rhestr elfennau yn nhrefn yr wyddor]] [[da:Grundstoffer (alfabetisk)]] [[en:List of elements by name]] [[es:Categoría:Elementos químicos]] [[eo:Listo de kemiaj elementoj laŭ nomo]] [[ia:Lista de elementos per nomine]] [[lb:Lëscht vun den Elementer no Numm]] [[hu:Kémiai elemek listája betűrendben]] [[nl:Lijst van elementen op naam]] [[ja:元素の名前順一覧]] [[pl:Pierwiastki chemiczne według nazw]] [[ro:Lista elementelor chimice după nume]] [[simple:List of elements by name]] [[sl:Abecedni seznam elementov]] [[fi:Luettelo alkuaineista nimen mukaan]] [[sv:Lista över grundämnen efter namn]] [[uk:Алфавітний список хімічних елементів]] [[vo:Lised löminas kiemavik]] [[wa:Djivêye des elemints tchimikes, d' après leu no]] 9115 2006-08-15T12:12:25Z Bombo 12 __NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ {{abc}} ===A=== * [[Azoti]] ===B=== ===C=== ===D=== ===E=== ===Ɛ=== ===F=== ===G=== ===Gb=== ===H=== ===I=== * [[Idrojɛ́ní]] ===K=== * [[Kaboni]] * [[Koloki]] ===L=== ===M=== ===Mb=== ===Mp=== ===N=== ===Nd=== ===Ng=== ===Nk=== ===Ns=== ===Nt=== ===Ny=== ===Nz=== ===O=== * [[Oksijɛ́ní]] * [[Oxyde]] ===Ɔ=== ===P=== ===R=== ===S=== * [[Sodu]] ===T=== ===U=== ===V=== ===W=== ===Y=== ===Z=== [[Category:Kémi]] [[cy:Rhestr elfennau yn nhrefn yr wyddor]] [[da:Grundstoffer (alfabetisk)]] [[en:List of elements by name]] [[es:Categoría:Elementos químicos]] [[eo:Listo de kemiaj elementoj laŭ nomo]] [[ia:Lista de elementos per nomine]] [[lb:Lëscht vun den Elementer no Numm]] [[hu:Kémiai elemek listája betűrendben]] [[nl:Lijst van elementen op naam]] [[ja:元素の名前順一覧]] [[pl:Pierwiastki chemiczne według nazw]] [[ro:Lista elementelor chimice după nume]] [[simple:List of elements by name]] [[sl:Abecedni seznam elementov]] [[fi:Luettelo alkuaineista nimen mukaan]] [[sv:Lista över grundämnen efter namn]] [[uk:Алфавітний список хімічних елементів]] [[vo:Lised löminas kiemavik]] [[wa:Djivêye des elemints tchimikes, d' après leu no]] 9123 2006-08-15T17:00:38Z 160.85.2.50 +Eliyúmu __NOTOC__ {{abc}} ===A=== * [[Azoti]] ===B=== ===C=== ===D=== ===E=== [[Eliyúmu]] ===Ɛ=== ===F=== ===G=== ===Gb=== ===H=== ===I=== * [[Idrojɛ́ní]] ===K=== * [[Kaboni]] * [[Koloki]] ===L=== ===M=== ===Mb=== ===Mp=== ===N=== ===Nd=== ===Ng=== ===Nk=== ===Ns=== ===Nt=== ===Ny=== ===Nz=== ===O=== * [[Oksijɛ́ní]] * [[Oxyde]] ===Ɔ=== ===P=== ===R=== ===S=== * [[Sodu]] ===T=== ===U=== ===V=== ===W=== ===Y=== ===Z=== [[Category:Kémi]] [[cy:Rhestr elfennau yn nhrefn yr wyddor]] [[da:Grundstoffer (alfabetisk)]] [[en:List of elements by name]] [[es:Categoría:Elementos químicos]] [[eo:Listo de kemiaj elementoj laŭ nomo]] [[ia:Lista de elementos per nomine]] [[lb:Lëscht vun den Elementer no Numm]] [[hu:Kémiai elemek listája betűrendben]] [[nl:Lijst van elementen op naam]] [[ja:元素の名前順一覧]] [[pl:Pierwiastki chemiczne według nazw]] [[ro:Lista elementelor chimice după nume]] [[simple:List of elements by name]] [[sl:Abecedni seznam elementov]] [[fi:Luettelo alkuaineista nimen mukaan]] [[sv:Lista över grundämnen efter namn]] [[uk:Алфавітний список хімічних елементів]] [[vo:Lised löminas kiemavik]] [[wa:Djivêye des elemints tchimikes, d' après leu no]] 9719 2006-11-11T22:53:18Z Bombo 12 __NOTOC__ {{abc}} ===A=== * [[Azoti]] ===B=== ===C=== ===D=== ===E=== [[Eliyúmu]] ===Ɛ=== ===F=== ===G=== ===Gb=== ===H=== ===I=== * [[Idrojɛ́ní]] ===K=== * [[Kaboni]] * [[Koloki]] ===L=== ===M=== ===Mb=== ===Mp=== ===N=== ===Nd=== ===Ng=== ===Nk=== ===Ns=== ===Nt=== ===Ny=== ===Nz=== ===O=== * [[Oksijɛ́ní]] * [[Oxyde]] ===Ɔ=== ===P=== ===R=== ===S=== * [[Sodu]] ===T=== ===U=== ===V=== ===W=== ===Y=== ===Z=== [[Category:Kémi]] [[cy:Rhestr elfennau yn nhrefn yr wyddor]] [[da:Grundstoffer (alfabetisk)]] [[en:List of elements by name]] [[es:Categoría:Elementos químicos]] [[eo:Listo de kemiaj elementoj laŭ nomo]] [[ia:Lista de elementos per nomine]] [[lb:Lëscht vun den Elementer no Numm]] [[hu:Kémiai elemek listája betűrendben]] [[nl:Lijst van elementen op naam]] [[ja:元素の名前順一覧]] [[pl:Pierwiastki chemiczne według nazw]] [[ro:Lista elementelor chimice după nume]] [[simple:List of elements by name]] [[sl:Abecedni seznam elementov]] [[fi:Luettelo alkuaineista nimen mukaan]] [[sv:Lista över grundämnen efter namn]] [[uk:Алфавітний список хімічних елементів]] [[vo:Lised löminas kiemavik]] [[wa:Djivêye des elemints tchimikes, d' après leu no]] Groupe du tableau périodique 2452 8734 2006-07-02T16:54:29Z Ivo3 68 [[category:kémi]] 8743 2006-07-02T17:02:11Z Ivo3 68 Période du tableau périodique 2453 8735 2006-07-02T16:54:43Z Ivo3 68 [[category:kémi]] 8737 2006-07-02T16:59:01Z Ivo3 68 Bloc du tableau périodique 2454 8736 2006-07-02T16:55:03Z Ivo3 68 [[category:kémi]] Lingómba ya Etánda ya bileko 2455 8745 2006-07-02T17:53:36Z Ivo3 68 [[category:kémi]] Bileko ya Etánda ya bileko 2456 8746 2006-07-02T17:54:14Z Ivo3 68 [[category:kémi]] Blok ya Etánda ya bileko 2457 8747 2006-07-02T17:54:34Z Ivo3 68 [[category:kémi]] Nkásá ya bankombo 2458 8748 2006-07-02T17:54:59Z Ivo3 68 [[category:kémi]] Nkásá ya bilembo 2459 8749 2006-07-02T17:55:31Z Ivo3 68 [[category:kémi]] Motanga ya atome 2460 8750 2006-07-02T17:55:52Z Ivo3 68 [[category:kémi]] Seria ya kémi 2461 8751 2006-07-02T17:56:11Z Ivo3 68 [[category:kémi]] Masi ya mbinga 2462 8752 2006-07-02T17:56:31Z Ivo3 68 [[category:kémi]] Masi ya atome 2463 8753 2006-07-02T17:57:08Z Ivo3 68 [[category:kémi]] Nsasa 2464 8754 2006-07-02T17:57:27Z Ivo3 68 [[category:kémi]] Nsasa ya covalence 2465 8755 2006-07-02T17:57:45Z Ivo3 68 [[category:kémi]] Nsasa ya van der Waals 2466 8756 2006-07-02T17:58:04Z Ivo3 68 [[category:kémi]] Configuration ya baélektron 2467 8757 2006-07-02T17:58:20Z Ivo3 68 [[category:kémi]] Baélektron 2468 8759 2006-07-02T18:01:33Z Ivo3 68 Redirecting to [[Élektron]] #redirected[[élektron]] Baeléktron 2469 8761 2006-07-02T18:03:10Z Ivo3 68 Redirecting to [[Eléktron]] #redirected[[eléktron]] Niveau d'énergie 2470 8762 2006-07-02T18:03:43Z Ivo3 68 [[category:kémi]] Boyangeli ya oxydation 2471 8763 2006-07-02T18:04:01Z Ivo3 68 [[category:kémi]] Oxyde 2472 8764 2006-07-02T18:04:17Z Ivo3 68 [[category:kémi]] Boyangeli ya bilɔkɔ 2473 8765 2006-07-02T18:05:05Z Ivo3 68 [[category:kémi]] Kelvin 2474 8766 2006-07-02T18:06:17Z Ivo3 68 [[category:kémi]] [[category:fízíkí]] Mbinga ya mole 2475 8767 2006-07-02T18:06:43Z Ivo3 68 [[category:kémi]] Enyete de vapeur 2476 8768 2006-07-02T18:07:43Z Ivo3 68 [[category:kémi]] Eliyúmu 2477 8788 2006-07-10T13:22:03Z 83.10.3.234 {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Eliyúmu'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:He%2C2.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />He<br />↓<br />Ne | align=center | H ← He → - |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:He-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Eliyúmu |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>2</sub>He |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Gaz-are |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 18|18]], [[éléments de la période 1|1]], [[éléments du bloc s|s]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 0,1785 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | — |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Ezate |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 4,002602 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | ? (31) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 32 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 140 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | 1s<sup>2</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | 0<br />eyebani te |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[Exagonal]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | Gaz |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 0,95 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 4,216 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 5,23 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 0,0845 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 21,0×10<sup>-3</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | ? |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 970 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20 °C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | ? |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 5 193 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | ?[[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] |0,142 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 2 372,3 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation |5 250,5 |- valign=top !isotope |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope=<sub>3</sub>He | an=10<sup>-4</sup> | n=1 |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope=<sub>4</sub>He | an='''100''' | n=2 |- valign=top |isotope instable | isotope=<sub>6</sub>He | an=[[radioisotope synthétique|''syn.'']] | pr=0,806 7 s |- valign=top | md=[[désintégration β|β<sup>-</sup>]] | ed=3,5 | pd=<sub>6</sub>[[lithium|Li]] [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Helium]] [[ar:هيليوم]] [[ast:Heliu (elementu)]] [[bg:Хелий]] [[ca:Heli]] [[cs:Helium]] [[cy:Heliwm]] [[da:Helium]] [[de:Helium]] [[el:Ήλιο]] [[en:Helium]] [[eo:Heliumo]] [[es:Helio]] [[et:Heelium]] [[eu:Helio]] [[fi:Helium]] [[fr:Helium]] [[ga:Héiliam]] [[gl:Helio (elemento)]] [[gu:હીલિયમ]] [[he:הליום]] [[hr:Helij]] [[hu:Hélium]] [[id:Helium]] [[io:Helio]] [[is:Helín]] [[it:Elio]] [[ja:ヘリウム]] [[ka:ჰელიუმი]] [[ko:헬륨]] [[ku:Hêlyûm]] [[la:Helium]] [[lb:Helium]] [[li:Helium]] [[lt:Helis]] [[lv:Hēlijs]] [[mi:Haumāmā]] [[mk:Хелиум]] [[ms:Helium]] [[nds:Helium]] [[nl:Helium]] [[nn:Helium]] [[no:Helium]] [[oc:Eli]] [[pl:Hel (pierwiastek)]] [[pt:Hélio]] [[ro:Heliu]] [[ru:Гелий]] [[sh:Helij]] [[simple:Helium]] [[sk:Hélium]] [[sl:Helij]] [[sr:Хелијум]] [[sv:Helium]] [[th:ฮีเลียม]] [[tr:Helyum]] [[ug:گېلىي]] [[uk:Гелій]] [[vi:Heli]] [[zh:氦]] [[zh-yue:氦]] 8789 2006-07-10T13:23:41Z Ivo3 68 {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Eliyúmu'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:He%2C2.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />He<br />↓<br />Ne | align=center | H ← He → - |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:He-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Eliyúmu |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>2</sub>He |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Gaz-are |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 18|18]], [[éléments de la période 1|1]], [[éléments du bloc s|s]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 0,1785 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | — |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Ezate |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 4,002602 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | ? (31) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 32 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 140 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | 1s<sup>2</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | 0<br />eyebani te |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[Exagonal]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | Gaz |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 0,95 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 4,216 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 5,23 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 0,0845 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 21,0×10<sup>-3</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | ? |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 970 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20°C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | ? |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 5 193 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | ? [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] |0,142 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 2 372,3 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation |5 250,5 |- valign=top !isotope |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope=<sub>3</sub>He | an=10<sup>-4</sup> | n=1 |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope=<sub>4</sub>He | an='''100''' | n=2 |- valign=top |isotope instable | isotope=<sub>6</sub>He | an=[[radioisotope synthétique|''syn.'']] | pr=0,806 7 s |- valign=top | md=[[désintégration β|β<sup>-</sup>]] | ed=3,5 | pd=<sub>6</sub>[[lithium|Li]] [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Helium]] [[ar:هيليوم]] [[ast:Heliu (elementu)]] [[bg:Хелий]] [[ca:Heli]] [[cs:Helium]] [[cy:Heliwm]] [[da:Helium]] [[de:Helium]] [[el:Ήλιο]] [[en:Helium]] [[eo:Heliumo]] [[es:Helio]] [[et:Heelium]] [[eu:Helio]] [[fi:Helium]] [[fr:Helium]] [[ga:Héiliam]] [[gl:Helio (elemento)]] [[gu:હીલિયમ]] [[he:הליום]] [[hr:Helij]] [[hu:Hélium]] [[id:Helium]] [[io:Helio]] [[is:Helín]] [[it:Elio]] [[ja:ヘリウム]] [[ka:ჰელიუმი]] [[ko:헬륨]] [[ku:Hêlyûm]] [[la:Helium]] [[lb:Helium]] [[li:Helium]] [[lt:Helis]] [[lv:Hēlijs]] [[mi:Haumāmā]] [[mk:Хелиум]] [[ms:Helium]] [[nds:Helium]] [[nl:Helium]] [[nn:Helium]] [[no:Helium]] [[oc:Eli]] [[pl:Hel (pierwiastek)]] [[pt:Hélio]] [[ro:Heliu]] [[ru:Гелий]] [[sh:Helij]] [[simple:Helium]] [[sk:Hélium]] [[sl:Helij]] [[sr:Хелијум]] [[sv:Helium]] [[th:ฮีเลียม]] [[tr:Helyum]] [[ug:گېلىي]] [[uk:Гелій]] [[vi:Heli]] [[zh:氦]] [[zh-yue:氦]] 9030 2006-08-02T05:57:49Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: [[bn:হিলিয়াম]] Modifie: [[fr:Hélium]] {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Eliyúmu'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:He%2C2.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />He<br />↓<br />Ne | align=center | H ← He → - |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:He-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Eliyúmu |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>2</sub>He |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Gaz-are |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 18|18]], [[éléments de la période 1|1]], [[éléments du bloc s|s]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 0,1785 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | — |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Ezate |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 4,002602 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | ? (31) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 32 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 140 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | 1s<sup>2</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | 0<br />eyebani te |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[Exagonal]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | Gaz |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 0,95 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 4,216 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 5,23 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 0,0845 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 21,0×10<sup>-3</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | ? |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 970 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20°C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | ? |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 5 193 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | ? [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] |0,142 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 2 372,3 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation |5 250,5 |- valign=top !isotope |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope=<sub>3</sub>He | an=10<sup>-4</sup> | n=1 |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope=<sub>4</sub>He | an='''100''' | n=2 |- valign=top |isotope instable | isotope=<sub>6</sub>He | an=[[radioisotope synthétique|''syn.'']] | pr=0,806 7 s |- valign=top | md=[[désintégration β|β<sup>-</sup>]] | ed=3,5 | pd=<sub>6</sub>[[lithium|Li]] [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Helium]] [[ar:هيليوم]] [[ast:Heliu (elementu)]] [[bg:Хелий]] [[bn:হিলিয়াম]] [[ca:Heli]] [[cs:Helium]] [[cy:Heliwm]] [[da:Helium]] [[de:Helium]] [[el:Ήλιο]] [[en:Helium]] [[eo:Heliumo]] [[es:Helio]] [[et:Heelium]] [[eu:Helio]] [[fi:Helium]] [[fr:Hélium]] [[ga:Héiliam]] [[gl:Helio (elemento)]] [[gu:હીલિયમ]] [[he:הליום]] [[hr:Helij]] [[hu:Hélium]] [[id:Helium]] [[io:Helio]] [[is:Helín]] [[it:Elio]] [[ja:ヘリウム]] [[ka:ჰელიუმი]] [[ko:헬륨]] [[ku:Hêlyûm]] [[la:Helium]] [[lb:Helium]] [[li:Helium]] [[lt:Helis]] [[lv:Hēlijs]] [[mi:Haumāmā]] [[mk:Хелиум]] [[ms:Helium]] [[nds:Helium]] [[nl:Helium]] [[nn:Helium]] [[no:Helium]] [[oc:Eli]] [[pl:Hel (pierwiastek)]] [[pt:Hélio]] [[ro:Heliu]] [[ru:Гелий]] [[sh:Helij]] [[simple:Helium]] [[sk:Hélium]] [[sl:Helij]] [[sr:Хелијум]] [[sv:Helium]] [[th:ฮีเลียม]] [[tr:Helyum]] [[ug:گېلىي]] [[uk:Гелій]] [[vi:Heli]] [[zh:氦]] [[zh-yue:氦]] 9177 2006-08-27T08:04:31Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[jbo:solnavni]], [[uz:Geliy]], [[zh-min-nan:He (goân-sò͘)]] {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Eliyúmu'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:He%2C2.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />He<br />↓<br />Ne | align=center | H ← He → - |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:He-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Eliyúmu |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>2</sub>He |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Gaz-are |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 18|18]], [[éléments de la période 1|1]], [[éléments du bloc s|s]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 0,1785 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | — |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Ezate |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 4,002602 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | ? (31) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 32 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 140 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | 1s<sup>2</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | 0<br />eyebani te |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[Exagonal]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | Gaz |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 0,95 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 4,216 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 5,23 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 0,0845 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 21,0×10<sup>-3</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | ? |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 970 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20°C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | ? |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 5 193 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | ? [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] |0,142 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 2 372,3 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation |5 250,5 |- valign=top !isotope |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope=<sub>3</sub>He | an=10<sup>-4</sup> | n=1 |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope=<sub>4</sub>He | an='''100''' | n=2 |- valign=top |isotope instable | isotope=<sub>6</sub>He | an=[[radioisotope synthétique|''syn.'']] | pr=0,806 7 s |- valign=top | md=[[désintégration β|β<sup>-</sup>]] | ed=3,5 | pd=<sub>6</sub>[[lithium|Li]] [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Helium]] [[ar:هيليوم]] [[ast:Heliu (elementu)]] [[bg:Хелий]] [[bn:হিলিয়াম]] [[ca:Heli]] [[cs:Helium]] [[cy:Heliwm]] [[da:Helium]] [[de:Helium]] [[el:Ήλιο]] [[en:Helium]] [[eo:Heliumo]] [[es:Helio]] [[et:Heelium]] [[eu:Helio]] [[fi:Helium]] [[fr:Hélium]] [[ga:Héiliam]] [[gl:Helio (elemento)]] [[gu:હીલિયમ]] [[he:הליום]] [[hr:Helij]] [[hu:Hélium]] [[id:Helium]] [[io:Helio]] [[is:Helín]] [[it:Elio]] [[ja:ヘリウム]] [[jbo:solnavni]] [[ka:ჰელიუმი]] [[ko:헬륨]] [[ku:Hêlyûm]] [[la:Helium]] [[lb:Helium]] [[li:Helium]] [[lt:Helis]] [[lv:Hēlijs]] [[mi:Haumāmā]] [[mk:Хелиум]] [[ms:Helium]] [[nds:Helium]] [[nl:Helium]] [[nn:Helium]] [[no:Helium]] [[oc:Eli]] [[pl:Hel (pierwiastek)]] [[pt:Hélio]] [[ro:Heliu]] [[ru:Гелий]] [[sh:Helij]] [[simple:Helium]] [[sk:Hélium]] [[sl:Helij]] [[sr:Хелијум]] [[sv:Helium]] [[th:ฮีเลียม]] [[tr:Helyum]] [[ug:گېلىي]] [[uk:Гелій]] [[uz:Geliy]] [[vi:Heli]] [[zh:氦]] [[zh-min-nan:He (goân-sò͘)]] [[zh-yue:氦]] 9499 2006-10-14T05:45:49Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: bs, co, gd, hy, ksh, tg Modifie: pl {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Eliyúmu'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:He%2C2.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />He<br />↓<br />Ne | align=center | H ← He → - |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:He-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Eliyúmu |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>2</sub>He |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Gaz-are |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 18|18]], [[éléments de la période 1|1]], [[éléments du bloc s|s]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 0,1785 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | — |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Ezate |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 4,002602 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | ? (31) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 32 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 140 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | 1s<sup>2</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | 0<br />eyebani te |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[Exagonal]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | Gaz |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 0,95 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 4,216 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 5,23 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 0,0845 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 21,0×10<sup>-3</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | ? |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 970 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20°C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | ? |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 5 193 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | ? [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] |0,142 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 2 372,3 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation |5 250,5 |- valign=top !isotope |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope=<sub>3</sub>He | an=10<sup>-4</sup> | n=1 |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope=<sub>4</sub>He | an='''100''' | n=2 |- valign=top |isotope instable | isotope=<sub>6</sub>He | an=[[radioisotope synthétique|''syn.'']] | pr=0,806 7 s |- valign=top | md=[[désintégration β|β<sup>-</sup>]] | ed=3,5 | pd=<sub>6</sub>[[lithium|Li]] [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Helium]] [[ar:هيليوم]] [[ast:Heliu (elementu)]] [[bg:Хелий]] [[bn:হিলিয়াম]] [[bs:Helijum]] [[ca:Heli]] [[co:Eliu]] [[cs:Helium]] [[cy:Heliwm]] [[da:Helium]] [[de:Helium]] [[el:Ήλιο]] [[en:Helium]] [[eo:Heliumo]] [[es:Helio]] [[et:Heelium]] [[eu:Helio]] [[fi:Helium]] [[fr:Hélium]] [[ga:Héiliam]] [[gd:He]] [[gl:Helio (elemento)]] [[gu:હીલિયમ]] [[he:הליום]] [[hr:Helij]] [[hu:Hélium]] [[hy:Հելիում]] [[id:Helium]] [[io:Helio]] [[is:Helín]] [[it:Elio]] [[ja:ヘリウム]] [[jbo:solnavni]] [[ka:ჰელიუმი]] [[ko:헬륨]] [[ksh:Helium]] [[ku:Hêlyûm]] [[la:Helium]] [[lb:Helium]] [[li:Helium]] [[lt:Helis]] [[lv:Hēlijs]] [[mi:Haumāmā]] [[mk:Хелиум]] [[ms:Helium]] [[nds:Helium]] [[nl:Helium]] [[nn:Helium]] [[no:Helium]] [[oc:Eli]] [[pl:Hel]] [[pt:Hélio]] [[ro:Heliu]] [[ru:Гелий]] [[sh:Helij]] [[simple:Helium]] [[sk:Hélium]] [[sl:Helij]] [[sr:Хелијум]] [[sv:Helium]] [[tg:Гелий]] [[th:ฮีเลียม]] [[tr:Helyum]] [[ug:گېلىي]] [[uk:Гелій]] [[uz:Geliy]] [[vi:Heli]] [[zh:氦]] [[zh-min-nan:He (goân-sò͘)]] [[zh-yue:氦]] 9743 2006-11-12T13:10:07Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[lmo:Éli]] {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Eliyúmu'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:He%2C2.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />He<br />↓<br />Ne | align=center | H ← He → - |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:He-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Eliyúmu |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>2</sub>He |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Gaz-are |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 18|18]], [[éléments de la période 1|1]], [[éléments du bloc s|s]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 0,1785 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | — |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Ezate |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 4,002602 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | ? (31) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 32 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 140 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | 1s<sup>2</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | 0<br />eyebani te |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[Exagonal]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | Gaz |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 0,95 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 4,216 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 5,23 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 0,0845 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 21,0×10<sup>-3</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | ? |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 970 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20°C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | ? |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 5 193 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | ? [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] |0,142 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 2 372,3 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation |5 250,5 |- valign=top !isotope |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope=<sub>3</sub>He | an=10<sup>-4</sup> | n=1 |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope=<sub>4</sub>He | an='''100''' | n=2 |- valign=top |isotope instable | isotope=<sub>6</sub>He | an=[[radioisotope synthétique|''syn.'']] | pr=0,806 7 s |- valign=top | md=[[désintégration β|β<sup>-</sup>]] | ed=3,5 | pd=<sub>6</sub>[[lithium|Li]] [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Helium]] [[ar:هيليوم]] [[ast:Heliu (elementu)]] [[bg:Хелий]] [[bn:হিলিয়াম]] [[bs:Helijum]] [[ca:Heli]] [[co:Eliu]] [[cs:Helium]] [[cy:Heliwm]] [[da:Helium]] [[de:Helium]] [[el:Ήλιο]] [[en:Helium]] [[eo:Heliumo]] [[es:Helio]] [[et:Heelium]] [[eu:Helio]] [[fi:Helium]] [[fr:Hélium]] [[ga:Héiliam]] [[gd:He]] [[gl:Helio (elemento)]] [[gu:હીલિયમ]] [[he:הליום]] [[hr:Helij]] [[hu:Hélium]] [[hy:Հելիում]] [[id:Helium]] [[io:Helio]] [[is:Helín]] [[it:Elio]] [[ja:ヘリウム]] [[jbo:solnavni]] [[ka:ჰელიუმი]] [[ko:헬륨]] [[ksh:Helium]] [[ku:Hêlyûm]] [[la:Helium]] [[lb:Helium]] [[li:Helium]] [[lmo:Éli]] [[lt:Helis]] [[lv:Hēlijs]] [[mi:Haumāmā]] [[mk:Хелиум]] [[ms:Helium]] [[nds:Helium]] [[nl:Helium]] [[nn:Helium]] [[no:Helium]] [[oc:Eli]] [[pl:Hel]] [[pt:Hélio]] [[ro:Heliu]] [[ru:Гелий]] [[sh:Helij]] [[simple:Helium]] [[sk:Hélium]] [[sl:Helij]] [[sr:Хелијум]] [[sv:Helium]] [[tg:Гелий]] [[th:ฮีเลียม]] [[tr:Helyum]] [[ug:گېلىي]] [[uk:Гелій]] [[uz:Geliy]] [[vi:Heli]] [[zh:氦]] [[zh-min-nan:He (goân-sò͘)]] [[zh-yue:氦]] 9967 2006-12-14T06:46:03Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[ml:ഹീലിയം]], [[nov:Helium]] {| align="right" width="225px" cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; " ! align=center bgcolor=#909090 colspan=2 | <font size=4 color=white> ''Eliyúmu'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:He%2C2.jpg|250px]] |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki bayike |- | colspan=2 | {| width="100%" border=0 cellspacing=0 |- | rowspan=2 | -<br />↑<br />He<br />↓<br />Ne | align=center | H ← He → - |- align=center valign=top | [[Image:He-TableImage.png|250px]]<br /><small>[[Etánda ya bileko|Etánda mobimba]]</small> |} |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Liste des éléments par nom|Nkombo]] | Eliyúmu |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[numéro atomique|<sub>Z</sub>]][[liste des éléments par symbole|Elembo]] | <sub>2</sub>He |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Série chimique]] | Gaz-are |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[groupe du tableau périodique|Lingómba]], [[période du tableau périodique|Eleko]], [[bloc du tableau périodique|blok]] | [[éléments du groupe 18|18]], [[éléments de la période 1|1]], [[éléments du bloc s|s]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya mbinga]] | 0,1785 [[kilogrammes par mètre cube|kg/m<sup>3</sup>]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Bokasi]] ya [[échelle de Mohs|Mohs]] | — |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Lángi]] | Ezate |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya baatome |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Masi ya atome]] | 4,002602 [[lyoko ya masi ya atome|u]] |- ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa]](reyo) ya atome<br />(calc.) | ? (31) [[picomètre|pm]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Nsasa ya covalence|Reyo ya<br />covalence]] | 32 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[nsasa ya van der Waals|Reyo de<br />van der Waals]] | 140 pm |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Configuration électronique|Configuration<br />électronique]] | 1s<sup>2</sup> |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Baélectron]] na<br />[[niveau d'énergie]] | 2 |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Boyangeli ya oxydation|Boyangeli(état) ya oxydation]]<br />([[oxyde]]) | 0<br />eyebani te |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Structure cristalline|Structure<br />cristalline]] | {{{liens_structures|[[Exagonal]]}}} |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Makoki ya Fízíkí |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[état de la matière|État ordinaire]] | Gaz |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de fusion|Température<br />de fusion]] | 0,95 [[kelvin|K]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[température de vaporisation|Température<br />de vaporisation]] | 4,216 K |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Énergie de fusion]] | 5,23 [[kilojoule par mole|kJ/mol]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[énergie de vaporisation|Énergie<br />de vaporisation]] | 0,0845 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Mbinga ya mole]] | 21,0×10<sup>-3</sup> [[Mètre cube par mole|m³/mol]] |- valign="top" ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Pression de vapeur]] | ? |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Vitesse du son]] | 970 [[mètre par seconde|m/s]] à 20°C |- ! align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 colspan=2 | Misusu |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Électronégativité]]<br />([[échelle de Pauling|Pauling]]) | ? |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Chaleur massique]] | 5 193 [[Joule par kilogramme-kelvin|J/(kg.K)]] |- valign=top ! align="left" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" | [[Conductivité électrique]] | ? [[siemens (unité)|S]]/m |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | [[Conductivité thermique]] |0,142 [[Watt par mètre-kelvin|W/(m.K)]] |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 1<sup>er</sup> [[ion|potentiel d'ionisation]] | 2 372,3 kJ/mol |- valign=top ! align=left bgcolor=#E0E0E0 | 2<sup>e</sup> potentiel d'ionisation |5 250,5 |- valign=top !isotope |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope=<sub>3</sub>He | an=10<sup>-4</sup> | n=1 |- valign=top |isotope stable | isotope=<sub>4</sub>He | an='''100''' | n=2 |- valign=top |isotope instable | isotope=<sub>6</sub>He | an=[[radioisotope synthétique|''syn.'']] | pr=0,806 7 s |- valign=top | md=[[désintégration β|β<sup>-</sup>]] | ed=3,5 | pd=<sub>6</sub>[[lithium|Li]] [[Category:Kémi]] [[af:Helium]] [[ar:هيليوم]] [[ast:Heliu (elementu)]] [[bg:Хелий]] [[bn:হিলিয়াম]] [[bs:Helijum]] [[ca:Heli]] [[co:Eliu]] [[cs:Helium]] [[cy:Heliwm]] [[da:Helium]] [[de:Helium]] [[el:Ήλιο]] [[en:Helium]] [[eo:Heliumo]] [[es:Helio]] [[et:Heelium]] [[eu:Helio]] [[fi:Helium]] [[fr:Hélium]] [[ga:Héiliam]] [[gd:He]] [[gl:Helio (elemento)]] [[gu:હીલિયમ]] [[he:הליום]] [[hr:Helij]] [[hu:Hélium]] [[hy:Հելիում]] [[id:Helium]] [[io:Helio]] [[is:Helín]] [[it:Elio]] [[ja:ヘリウム]] [[jbo:solnavni]] [[ka:ჰელიუმი]] [[ko:헬륨]] [[ksh:Helium]] [[ku:Hêlyûm]] [[la:Helium]] [[lb:Helium]] [[li:Helium]] [[lmo:Éli]] [[lt:Helis]] [[lv:Hēlijs]] [[mi:Haumāmā]] [[mk:Хелиум]] [[ml:ഹീലിയം]] [[ms:Helium]] [[nds:Helium]] [[nl:Helium]] [[nn:Helium]] [[no:Helium]] [[nov:Helium]] [[oc:Eli]] [[pl:Hel]] [[pt:Hélio]] [[ro:Heliu]] [[ru:Гелий]] [[sh:Helij]] [[simple:Helium]] [[sk:Hélium]] [[sl:Helij]] [[sr:Хелијум]] [[sv:Helium]] [[tg:Гелий]] [[th:ฮีเลียม]] [[tr:Helyum]] [[ug:گېلىي]] [[uk:Гелій]] [[uz:Geliy]] [[vi:Heli]] [[zh:氦]] [[zh-min-nan:He (goân-sò͘)]] [[zh-yue:氦]] User:YurikBot 2478 8791 2006-07-10T22:05:09Z 80.218.22.99 cat [[Category:Wikipedia Bot]] [[en:User:YurikBot]] 9343 2006-09-13T05:15:58Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: af, als, an, ang, ar, ast, be, bg, bm, bn, 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Moyogo 11 {{sánzá}} {{sánzá ya nsambo}} 9905 2006-11-30T01:25:26Z Moyogo 11 {{sánzá ya nsambo}} '''Sánza ya mítáno''' tǒ '''yuli''' ezalí [[sánzá (ntángo)|sánzá]] ya nsambo o [[manáka]]. Ezalí na [[mokɔlɔ|mikɔlɔ]] ntúku misáto na mɔ̌kɔ́ (31). {{sánzá}} [[en:July]] [[fr:juillet]] Template:Sánzá ya nsambo 2480 8799 2006-07-12T09:37:38Z Moyogo 11 {| class="WSerieV" id="WSánzáya06" align="right" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom : 2em" |- | {| rules="all" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px" |- bgcolor="#ddffdd" | colspan="7" align="center" | [[Sánzá ya motóbá|←]] '''[[Sánzá ya motóbá|Sánzá ya <br/>nsambo]]''' [[Sánzá ya mwambe|→]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mokɔlɔ 1|1]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 2|2]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 3|3]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 4|4]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 5|5]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 6|6]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 7|7]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 8|8]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 9|9]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 10|10]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 11|11]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 12|12]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 13|13]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 14|14]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 15|15]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 16|16]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 17|17]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 18|18]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 19|19]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 20|20]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 21|21]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 22|22]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 23|23]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 24|24]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 25|25]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 26|26]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 27|27]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 28|28]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 29|29]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 30|30]] |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |} |- | <!-- {{némort}} --> |} 8814 2006-07-12T09:48:50Z Moyogo 11 {| class="WSerieV" id="WSánzáya06" align="right" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom : 2em" |- | {| rules="all" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px" |- bgcolor="#ddffdd" | colspan="7" align="center" | [[Sánzá ya motóbá|←]] '''[[Sánzá ya motóbá|Sánzá ya <br/>nsambo]]''' [[Sánzá ya mwambe|→]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mokɔlɔ 1|1]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 2|2]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 3|3]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 4|4]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 5|5]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 6|6]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 7|7]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 8|8]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 9|9]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 10|10]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 11|11]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 12|12]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 13|13]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 14|14]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 15|15]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 16|16]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 17|17]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 18|18]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 19|19]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 20|20]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 21|21]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 22|22]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 23|23]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 24|24]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 25|25]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 26|26]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 27|27]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 28|28]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 29|29]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 30|30]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 30|30]] |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |} |- | <!-- {{némort}} --> |} 8815 2006-07-12T09:49:00Z Moyogo 11 {| class="WSerieV" id="WSánzáya06" align="right" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom : 2em" |- | {| rules="all" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px" |- bgcolor="#ddffdd" | colspan="7" align="center" | [[Sánzá ya motóbá|←]] '''[[Sánzá ya motóbá|Sánzá ya <br/>nsambo]]''' [[Sánzá ya mwambe|→]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mokɔlɔ 1|1]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 2|2]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 3|3]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 4|4]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 5|5]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 6|6]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 7|7]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 8|8]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 9|9]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 10|10]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 11|11]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 12|12]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 13|13]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 14|14]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 15|15]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 16|16]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 17|17]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 18|18]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 19|19]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 20|20]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 21|21]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 22|22]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 23|23]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 24|24]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 25|25]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 26|26]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 27|27]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 28|28]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 29|29]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya nsambo mikɔlɔ 30|30]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 31|31]] |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |} |- | <!-- {{némort}} --> |} Sánzá ya mwambe 2481 8801 2006-07-12T09:38:03Z Moyogo 11 {{sánzá}} {{sánzá ya mwambe}} 9906 2006-11-30T01:26:52Z Moyogo 11 {{sánzá ya mwambe}} '''Sánza ya mwambe''' tǒ '''ogusiti''' ezalí [[sánzá (ntángo)|sánzá]] ya mwambe o [[manáka]]. Ezalí na [[mokɔlɔ|mikɔlɔ]] ntúku misáto na mɔ̌kɔ́ (31). {{sánzá}} [[en:August]] [[fr:août]] Template:Sánzá ya mwambe 2482 8802 2006-07-12T09:40:06Z Moyogo 11 {| class="WSerieV" id="WSánzáya06" align="right" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom : 2em" |- | {| rules="all" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px" |- bgcolor="#ddffdd" | colspan="7" align="center" | [[Sánzá ya nsambo|←]] '''[[Sánzá ya nsambo|Sánzá ya <br/>mwambe]]''' [[Sánzá ya libwá|→]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mokɔlɔ 1|1]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 2|2]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 3|3]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 4|4]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 5|5]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 6|6]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 7|7]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 8|8]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 9|9]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 10|10]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 11|11]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 12|12]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 13|13]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 14|14]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 15|15]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 16|16]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 17|17]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 18|18]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 19|19]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 20|20]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 21|21]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 22|22]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 23|23]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 24|24]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 25|25]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 26|26]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 27|27]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 28|28]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 29|29]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 30|30]] |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |} |- | <!-- {{némort}} --> |} 8804 2006-07-12T09:41:59Z Moyogo 11 {| class="WSerieV" id="WSánzáya06" align="right" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom : 2em" |- | {| rules="all" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px" |- bgcolor="#ddffdd" | colspan="7" align="center" | [[Sánzá ya nsambo|←]] '''[[Sánzá ya mwambe|Sánzá ya <br/>mwambe]]''' [[Sánzá ya libwá|→]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mokɔlɔ 1|1]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 2|2]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 3|3]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 4|4]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 5|5]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 6|6]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 7|7]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 8|8]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 9|9]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 10|10]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 11|11]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 12|12]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 13|13]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 14|14]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 15|15]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 16|16]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 17|17]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 18|18]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 19|19]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 20|20]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 21|21]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 22|22]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 23|23]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 24|24]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 25|25]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 26|26]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 27|27]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 28|28]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 29|29]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 30|30]] |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |} |- | <!-- {{némort}} --> |} 8816 2006-07-12T09:49:32Z Moyogo 11 {| class="WSerieV" id="WSánzáya06" align="right" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom : 2em" |- | {| rules="all" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px" |- bgcolor="#ddffdd" | colspan="7" align="center" | [[Sánzá ya nsambo|←]] '''[[Sánzá ya mwambe|Sánzá ya <br/>mwambe]]''' [[Sánzá ya libwá|→]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mokɔlɔ 1|1]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 2|2]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 3|3]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 4|4]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 5|5]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 6|6]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 7|7]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 8|8]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 9|9]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 10|10]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 11|11]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 12|12]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 13|13]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 14|14]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 15|15]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 16|16]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 17|17]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 18|18]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 19|19]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 20|20]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 21|21]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 22|22]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 23|23]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 24|24]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 25|25]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 26|26]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 27|27]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 28|28]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 29|29]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya mwambe mikɔlɔ 30|30]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 31|31]] |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |} |- | <!-- {{némort}} --> |} Template:Sánzá ya libwá 2483 8803 2006-07-12T09:41:48Z Moyogo 11 {| class="WSerieV" id="WSánzáya06" align="right" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom : 2em" |- | {| rules="all" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px" |- bgcolor="#ddffdd" | colspan="7" align="center" | [[Sánzá ya mwambe|←]] '''[[Sánzá ya libwá|Sánzá ya <br/>libwá]]''' [[Sánzá ya zómi|→]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya libwá mokɔlɔ 1|1]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya libwá mikɔlɔ 2|2]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya libwá mikɔlɔ 3|3]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya libwá mikɔlɔ 4|4]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya libwá mikɔlɔ 5|5]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya libwá mikɔlɔ 6|6]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya libwá mikɔlɔ 7|7]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya libwá mikɔlɔ 8|8]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya libwá mikɔlɔ 9|9]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya libwá mikɔlɔ 10|10]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya libwá mikɔlɔ 11|11]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya libwá mikɔlɔ 12|12]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya libwá mikɔlɔ 13|13]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya libwá mikɔlɔ 14|14]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya libwá mikɔlɔ 15|15]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya libwá mikɔlɔ 16|16]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya libwá mikɔlɔ 17|17]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya libwá mikɔlɔ 18|18]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya libwá mikɔlɔ 19|19]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya libwá mikɔlɔ 20|20]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya libwá mikɔlɔ 21|21]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya libwá mikɔlɔ 22|22]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya libwá mikɔlɔ 23|23]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya libwá mikɔlɔ 24|24]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya libwá mikɔlɔ 25|25]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya libwá mikɔlɔ 26|26]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya libwá mikɔlɔ 27|27]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya libwá mikɔlɔ 28|28]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya libwá mikɔlɔ 29|29]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya libwá mikɔlɔ 30|30]] |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |} |- | <!-- {{némort}} --> |} Sánzá ya libwá 2484 8805 2006-07-12T09:42:09Z Moyogo 11 {{sánzá}} {{sánzá ya libwá}} Template:Sánzá ya zómi 2485 8806 2006-07-12T09:43:18Z Moyogo 11 {| class="WSerieV" id="WSánzáya06" align="right" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom : 2em" |- | {| rules="all" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px" |- bgcolor="#ddffdd" | colspan="7" align="center" | [[Sánzá ya libwá|←]] '''[[Sánzá ya zómi|Sánzá ya <br/>zómi]]''' [[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́|→]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mokɔlɔ 1|1]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 2|2]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 3|3]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 4|4]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 5|5]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 6|6]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 7|7]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 8|8]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 9|9]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 10|10]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 11|11]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 12|12]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 13|13]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 14|14]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 15|15]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 16|16]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 17|17]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 18|18]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 19|19]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 20|20]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 21|21]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 22|22]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 23|23]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 24|24]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 25|25]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 26|26]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 27|27]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 28|28]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 29|29]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 30|30]] |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |} |- | <!-- {{némort}} --> |} 8817 2006-07-12T09:49:55Z Moyogo 11 {| class="WSerieV" id="WSánzáya06" align="right" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom : 2em" |- | {| rules="all" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px" |- bgcolor="#ddffdd" | colspan="7" align="center" | [[Sánzá ya libwá|←]] '''[[Sánzá ya zómi|Sánzá ya <br/>zómi]]''' [[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́|→]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mokɔlɔ 1|1]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 2|2]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 3|3]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 4|4]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 5|5]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 6|6]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 7|7]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 8|8]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 9|9]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 10|10]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 11|11]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 12|12]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 13|13]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 14|14]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 15|15]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 16|16]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 17|17]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 18|18]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 19|19]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 20|20]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 21|21]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 22|22]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 23|23]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 24|24]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 25|25]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 26|26]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 27|27]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 28|28]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 29|29]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi mikɔlɔ 30|30]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 31|31]] |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |} |- | <!-- {{némort}} --> |} Sánzá ya zómi 2486 8807 2006-07-12T09:43:37Z Moyogo 11 {{sánzá}} {{sánzá ya zómi}} 9910 2006-11-30T01:33:37Z Moyogo 11 {{sánzá ya zómi}} '''Sánza ya zómi''', tǒ '''oktobele''' mpé '''ɔkɔtɔbɛ''', ezalí [[sánzá (ntángo)|sánzá]] ya zómi o [[manáka]]. Ezalí na [[mokɔlɔ|mikɔlɔ]] ntúku misáto na mɔ̌kɔ́ (31). {{sánzá}} [[en:October]] [[fr:octobre]] Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ 2487 8808 2006-07-12T09:45:27Z Moyogo 11 {| class="WSerieV" id="WSánzáya06" align="right" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom : 2em" |- | {| rules="all" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px" |- bgcolor="#ddffdd" | colspan="7" align="center" | [[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́|←]] '''[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́|Sánzá ya <br/>zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́]]''' [[Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé|→]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mokɔlɔ 1|1]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 2|2]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 3|3]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 4|4]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 5|5]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 6|6]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 7|7]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 8|8]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 9|9]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 10|10]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 11|11]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 12|12]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 13|13]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 14|14]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 15|15]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 16|16]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 17|17]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 18|18]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 19|19]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 20|20]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 21|21]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 22|22]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 23|23]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 24|24]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 25|25]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 26|26]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 27|27]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 28|28]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 29|29]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 30|30]] |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |} |- | <!-- {{némort}} --> |} 8810 2006-07-12T09:46:30Z Moyogo 11 {{sánzá}} {{sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́}} Template:Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ 2488 8809 2006-07-12T09:46:26Z Moyogo 11 {| class="WSerieV" id="WSánzáya06" align="right" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom : 2em" |- | {| rules="all" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px" |- bgcolor="#ddffdd" | colspan="7" align="center" | [[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́|←]] '''[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́|Sánzá ya <br/>zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́]]''' [[Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé|→]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mokɔlɔ 1|1]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 2|2]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 3|3]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 4|4]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 5|5]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 6|6]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 7|7]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 8|8]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 9|9]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 10|10]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 11|11]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 12|12]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 13|13]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 14|14]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 15|15]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 16|16]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 17|17]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 18|18]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 19|19]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 20|20]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 21|21]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 22|22]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 23|23]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 24|24]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 25|25]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 26|26]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 27|27]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 28|28]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 29|29]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 30|30]] |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |} |- | <!-- {{némort}} --> |} 8811 2006-07-12T09:47:00Z Moyogo 11 {| class="WSerieV" id="WSánzáya06" align="right" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom : 2em" |- | {| rules="all" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px" |- bgcolor="#ddffdd" | colspan="7" align="center" | [[Sánzá ya zómi|←]] '''[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́|Sánzá ya <br/>zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́]]''' [[Sánzá ya zómi na míbalé|→]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mokɔlɔ 1|1]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 2|2]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 3|3]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 4|4]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 5|5]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 6|6]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 7|7]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 8|8]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 9|9]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 10|10]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 11|11]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 12|12]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 13|13]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 14|14]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 15|15]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 16|16]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 17|17]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 18|18]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 19|19]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 20|20]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 21|21]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 22|22]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 23|23]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 24|24]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 25|25]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 26|26]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 27|27]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 28|28]] |- bgcolor="#f3fff3" |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 29|29]] |align=center|[[Sánzá ya zómi na mɔ̌kɔ́ mikɔlɔ 30|30]] |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |} |- | <!-- {{némort}} --> |} Sánzá (ntángo) 2489 8819 2006-07-12T09:55:52Z Moyogo 11 Sánzá ezalí [[mokɔlɔ|mikɔlɔ]] ntúku misáto (30) tǒ ntúku misáto na mɔ̌kɔ́ (31). Ezalí [[mpɔ́sɔ]] ínei (4). Ezalaka sánzá zómí na míbalé (12) o [[mbúla]] mɔ̌kɔ́. [[Category:Ntángo|sanza]] 8820 2006-07-12T09:56:42Z Moyogo 11 [[Sánzá]] moved to [[Sánzá (ntángo)]] Sánzá ezalí [[mokɔlɔ|mikɔlɔ]] ntúku misáto (30) tǒ ntúku misáto na mɔ̌kɔ́ (31). Ezalí [[mpɔ́sɔ]] ínei (4). Ezalaka sánzá zómí na míbalé (12) o [[mbúla]] mɔ̌kɔ́. [[Category:Ntángo|sanza]] 8823 2006-07-12T10:01:00Z Moyogo 11 Sánzá ezalí [[mokɔlɔ|mikɔlɔ]] ntúku misáto (30) tǒ ntúku misáto na mɔ̌kɔ́ (31). Ezalí [[mpɔ́sɔ]] ínei (4). Ezalaka sánzá zómí na míbalé (12) o [[mbúla]] mɔ̌kɔ́. [[Category:Ntángo|sanza]] [[als:Monat]] [[ang:Mōnaþ]] [[ar:شهر]] [[bs:Mjesec (period)]] [[bg:Месец]] [[ca:Mes]] [[cv:Уйăх]] [[cs:Měsíc (kalendářní)]] [[da:Måned]] [[de:Monat]] [[en:Month]] [[es:Mes]] [[eo:Monato]] [[eu:Hilabete]] [[fa:ماه (سال)]] [[fr:Mois]] [[fy:Moanne (tiid)]] [[gl:Mes sinódico]] [[hi:मास]] [[hr:Mjesec (period)]] [[io:Monato]] [[id:Bulan (waktu)]] [[ia:Mense]] [[is:Mánuður]] [[it:Mese]] [[he:חודש]] [[ka:თვე]] [[kw:Mis]] [[sw:Mwezi (wakati)]] [[lad:Mez]] [[la:Mensis]] [[lv:Mēnesis]] [[lt:Mėnuo]] [[hu:Hónap]] [[mi:Marama (maramataka)]] [[nl:Maand]] [[ja:月 (暦)]] [[no:Måned]] [[nn:Månad]] [[pl:Miesiąc]] [[pt:Mês]] [[ru:Месяц]] [[sq:Muaji]] [[simple:Month]] [[sk:Mesiac (časová jednotka)]] [[sl:Mesec]] [[sr:Месеци]] [[sh:Mjesec (jedinica)]] [[fi:Kuukausi]] [[sv:Månad]] [[tl:Buwan (panahon)]] [[ta:மாதம்]] [[tpi:Mun (bilong yia)]] [[tr:Ay (zaman)]] [[yi:מאנאט]] [[zh:月]] 8824 2006-07-12T10:02:32Z Moyogo 11 Sánzá ezalí ntángo o [[manáka]] na [[mokɔlɔ|mikɔlɔ]] ntúku misáto (30) tǒ ntúku misáto na mɔ̌kɔ́ (31). Ezalí [[mpɔ́sɔ]] ínei (4). Ezalaka sánzá zómí na míbalé (12) o [[mbúla]] mɔ̌kɔ́. [[Category:Ntángo|sanza]] [[als:Monat]] [[ang:Mōnaþ]] [[ar:شهر]] [[bs:Mjesec (period)]] [[bg:Месец]] [[ca:Mes]] [[cv:Уйăх]] [[cs:Měsíc (kalendářní)]] [[da:Måned]] [[de:Monat]] [[en:Month]] [[es:Mes]] [[eo:Monato]] [[eu:Hilabete]] [[fa:ماه (سال)]] [[fr:Mois]] [[fy:Moanne (tiid)]] [[gl:Mes sinódico]] [[hi:मास]] [[hr:Mjesec (period)]] [[io:Monato]] [[id:Bulan (waktu)]] [[ia:Mense]] [[is:Mánuður]] [[it:Mese]] [[he:חודש]] [[ka:თვე]] [[kw:Mis]] [[sw:Mwezi (wakati)]] [[lad:Mez]] [[la:Mensis]] [[lv:Mēnesis]] [[lt:Mėnuo]] [[hu:Hónap]] [[mi:Marama (maramataka)]] [[nl:Maand]] [[ja:月 (暦)]] [[no:Måned]] [[nn:Månad]] [[pl:Miesiąc]] [[pt:Mês]] [[ru:Месяц]] [[sq:Muaji]] [[simple:Month]] [[sk:Mesiac (časová jednotka)]] [[sl:Mesec]] [[sr:Месеци]] [[sh:Mjesec (jedinica)]] [[fi:Kuukausi]] [[sv:Månad]] [[tl:Buwan (panahon)]] [[ta:மாதம்]] [[tpi:Mun (bilong yia)]] [[tr:Ay (zaman)]] [[yi:מאנאט]] [[zh:月]] 8825 2006-07-12T10:02:46Z Moyogo 11 Sánzá ezalí [[ntángo]] o [[manáka]] na [[mokɔlɔ|mikɔlɔ]] ntúku misáto (30) tǒ ntúku misáto na mɔ̌kɔ́ (31). Ezalí [[mpɔ́sɔ]] ínei (4). Ezalaka sánzá zómí na míbalé (12) o [[mbúla]] mɔ̌kɔ́. [[Category:Ntángo|sanza]] [[als:Monat]] [[ang:Mōnaþ]] [[ar:شهر]] [[bs:Mjesec (period)]] [[bg:Месец]] [[ca:Mes]] [[cv:Уйăх]] [[cs:Měsíc (kalendářní)]] [[da:Måned]] [[de:Monat]] [[en:Month]] [[es:Mes]] [[eo:Monato]] [[eu:Hilabete]] [[fa:ماه (سال)]] [[fr:Mois]] [[fy:Moanne (tiid)]] [[gl:Mes sinódico]] [[hi:मास]] [[hr:Mjesec (period)]] [[io:Monato]] [[id:Bulan (waktu)]] [[ia:Mense]] [[is:Mánuður]] [[it:Mese]] [[he:חודש]] [[ka:თვე]] [[kw:Mis]] [[sw:Mwezi (wakati)]] [[lad:Mez]] [[la:Mensis]] [[lv:Mēnesis]] [[lt:Mėnuo]] [[hu:Hónap]] [[mi:Marama (maramataka)]] [[nl:Maand]] [[ja:月 (暦)]] [[no:Måned]] [[nn:Månad]] [[pl:Miesiąc]] [[pt:Mês]] [[ru:Месяц]] [[sq:Muaji]] [[simple:Month]] [[sk:Mesiac (časová jednotka)]] [[sl:Mesec]] [[sr:Месеци]] [[sh:Mjesec (jedinica)]] [[fi:Kuukausi]] [[sv:Månad]] [[tl:Buwan (panahon)]] [[ta:மாதம்]] [[tpi:Mun (bilong yia)]] [[tr:Ay (zaman)]] [[yi:מאנאט]] [[zh:月]] 8826 2006-07-12T10:03:45Z Moyogo 11 Sánzá ezalí [[ntángo]] o [[manáka]] na [[mokɔlɔ|mikɔlɔ]] ntúku misáto (30) tǒ ntúku misáto na mɔ̌kɔ́ (31). Ezalí [[mpɔ́sɔ]] ínei (4). Ezalaka sánzá zómí na míbalé (12) o [[mbúla]] mɔ̌kɔ́. {{sánzá}} [[Category:Ntángo|sanza]] [[als:Monat]] [[ang:Mōnaþ]] [[ar:شهر]] [[bs:Mjesec (period)]] [[bg:Месец]] [[ca:Mes]] [[cv:Уйăх]] [[cs:Měsíc (kalendářní)]] [[da:Måned]] [[de:Monat]] [[en:Month]] [[es:Mes]] [[eo:Monato]] [[eu:Hilabete]] [[fa:ماه (سال)]] [[fr:Mois]] [[fy:Moanne (tiid)]] [[gl:Mes sinódico]] [[hi:मास]] [[hr:Mjesec (period)]] [[io:Monato]] [[id:Bulan (waktu)]] [[ia:Mense]] [[is:Mánuður]] [[it:Mese]] [[he:חודש]] [[ka:თვე]] [[kw:Mis]] [[sw:Mwezi (wakati)]] [[lad:Mez]] [[la:Mensis]] [[lv:Mēnesis]] [[lt:Mėnuo]] [[hu:Hónap]] [[mi:Marama (maramataka)]] [[nl:Maand]] [[ja:月 (暦)]] [[no:Måned]] [[nn:Månad]] [[pl:Miesiąc]] [[pt:Mês]] [[ru:Месяц]] [[sq:Muaji]] [[simple:Month]] [[sk:Mesiac (časová jednotka)]] [[sl:Mesec]] [[sr:Месеци]] [[sh:Mjesec (jedinica)]] [[fi:Kuukausi]] [[sv:Månad]] [[tl:Buwan (panahon)]] [[ta:மாதம்]] [[tpi:Mun (bilong yia)]] [[tr:Ay (zaman)]] [[yi:מאנאט]] [[zh:月]] 8828 2006-07-12T10:10:52Z Moyogo 11 Sánzá ezalí [[ntángo]] o [[manáka]], ezalí na [[mokɔlɔ|mikɔlɔ]] ntúku misáto (30) tǒ ntúku misáto na mɔ̌kɔ́ (31). Ezalí [[mpɔ́sɔ]] ínei (4). Ezalaka sánzá zómí na míbalé (12) o [[mbúla]] mɔ̌kɔ́. {{sánzá}} [[Category:Ntángo|sanza]] [[als:Monat]] [[ang:Mōnaþ]] [[ar:شهر]] [[bs:Mjesec (period)]] [[bg:Месец]] [[ca:Mes]] [[cv:Уйăх]] [[cs:Měsíc (kalendářní)]] [[da:Måned]] [[de:Monat]] [[en:Month]] [[es:Mes]] [[eo:Monato]] [[eu:Hilabete]] [[fa:ماه (سال)]] [[fr:Mois]] [[fy:Moanne (tiid)]] [[gl:Mes sinódico]] [[hi:मास]] [[hr:Mjesec (period)]] [[io:Monato]] [[id:Bulan (waktu)]] [[ia:Mense]] [[is:Mánuður]] [[it:Mese]] [[he:חודש]] [[ka:თვე]] [[kw:Mis]] [[sw:Mwezi (wakati)]] [[lad:Mez]] [[la:Mensis]] [[lv:Mēnesis]] [[lt:Mėnuo]] [[hu:Hónap]] [[mi:Marama (maramataka)]] [[nl:Maand]] [[ja:月 (暦)]] [[no:Måned]] [[nn:Månad]] [[pl:Miesiąc]] [[pt:Mês]] [[ru:Месяц]] [[sq:Muaji]] [[simple:Month]] [[sk:Mesiac (časová jednotka)]] [[sl:Mesec]] [[sr:Месеци]] [[sh:Mjesec (jedinica)]] [[fi:Kuukausi]] [[sv:Månad]] [[tl:Buwan (panahon)]] [[ta:மாதம்]] [[tpi:Mun (bilong yia)]] [[tr:Ay (zaman)]] [[yi:מאנאט]] [[zh:月]] 9333 2006-09-10T00:38:52Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: nrm, th, zh-min-nan Sánzá ezalí [[ntángo]] o [[manáka]], ezalí na [[mokɔlɔ|mikɔlɔ]] ntúku misáto (30) tǒ ntúku misáto na mɔ̌kɔ́ (31). Ezalí [[mpɔ́sɔ]] ínei (4). Ezalaka sánzá zómí na míbalé (12) o [[mbúla]] mɔ̌kɔ́. {{sánzá}} [[Category:Ntángo|sanza]] [[als:Monat]] [[ang:Mōnaþ]] [[ar:شهر]] [[bg:Месец]] [[bs:Mjesec (period)]] [[ca:Mes]] [[cs:Měsíc (kalendářní)]] [[cv:Уйăх]] [[da:Måned]] [[de:Monat]] [[en:Month]] [[eo:Monato]] [[es:Mes]] [[eu:Hilabete]] [[fa:ماه (سال)]] [[fi:Kuukausi]] [[fr:Mois]] [[fy:Moanne (tiid)]] [[gl:Mes sinódico]] [[he:חודש]] [[hi:मास]] [[hr:Mjesec (period)]] [[hu:Hónap]] [[ia:Mense]] [[id:Bulan (waktu)]] [[io:Monato]] [[is:Mánuður]] [[it:Mese]] [[ja:月 (暦)]] [[ka:თვე]] [[kw:Mis]] [[la:Mensis]] [[lad:Mez]] [[lt:Mėnuo]] [[lv:Mēnesis]] [[mi:Marama (maramataka)]] [[nl:Maand]] [[nn:Månad]] [[no:Måned]] [[nrm:Mais]] [[pl:Miesiąc]] [[pt:Mês]] [[ru:Месяц]] [[sh:Mjesec (jedinica)]] [[simple:Month]] [[sk:Mesiac (časová jednotka)]] [[sl:Mesec]] [[sq:Muaji]] [[sr:Месеци]] [[sv:Månad]] [[sw:Mwezi (wakati)]] [[ta:மாதம்]] [[th:เดือน]] [[tl:Buwan (panahon)]] [[tpi:Mun (bilong yia)]] [[tr:Ay (zaman)]] [[yi:מאנאט]] [[zh:月]] [[zh-min-nan:Goe̍h]] 9412 2006-10-03T17:22:26Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: [[rmy:Chhon (bersheski)]] Sánzá ezalí [[ntángo]] o [[manáka]], ezalí na [[mokɔlɔ|mikɔlɔ]] ntúku misáto (30) tǒ ntúku misáto na mɔ̌kɔ́ (31). Ezalí [[mpɔ́sɔ]] ínei (4). Ezalaka sánzá zómí na míbalé (12) o [[mbúla]] mɔ̌kɔ́. {{sánzá}} [[Category:Ntángo|sanza]] [[als:Monat]] [[ang:Mōnaþ]] [[ar:شهر]] [[bg:Месец]] [[bs:Mjesec (period)]] [[ca:Mes]] [[cs:Měsíc (kalendářní)]] [[cv:Уйăх]] [[da:Måned]] [[de:Monat]] [[en:Month]] [[eo:Monato]] [[es:Mes]] [[eu:Hilabete]] [[fa:ماه (سال)]] [[fi:Kuukausi]] [[fr:Mois]] [[fy:Moanne (tiid)]] [[gl:Mes sinódico]] [[he:חודש]] [[hi:मास]] [[hr:Mjesec (period)]] [[hu:Hónap]] [[ia:Mense]] [[id:Bulan (waktu)]] [[io:Monato]] [[is:Mánuður]] [[it:Mese]] [[ja:月 (暦)]] [[ka:თვე]] [[kw:Mis]] [[la:Mensis]] [[lad:Mez]] [[lt:Mėnuo]] [[lv:Mēnesis]] [[mi:Marama (maramataka)]] [[nl:Maand]] [[nn:Månad]] [[no:Måned]] [[nrm:Mais]] [[pl:Miesiąc]] [[pt:Mês]] [[rmy:Chhon (bersheski)]] [[ru:Месяц]] [[sh:Mjesec (jedinica)]] [[simple:Month]] [[sk:Mesiac (časová jednotka)]] [[sl:Mesec]] [[sq:Muaji]] [[sr:Месеци]] [[sv:Månad]] [[sw:Mwezi (wakati)]] [[ta:மாதம்]] [[th:เดือน]] [[tl:Buwan (panahon)]] [[tpi:Mun (bilong yia)]] [[tr:Ay (zaman)]] [[yi:מאנאט]] [[zh:月]] [[zh-min-nan:Goe̍h]] 9474 2006-10-12T11:13:58Z 194.158.204.133 Sánzá ezalí [[ntángo]] o [[manáka]], ezalí na [[mokɔlɔ|mikɔlɔ]] ntúku misáto (30) tǒ ntúku misáto na mɔ̌kɔ́ (31). Ezalí [[mpɔ́sɔ]] ínei (4). Ezalaka sánzá zómí na míbalé (12) o [[mbúla]] mɔ̌kɔ́. {{sánzá}} [[Category:Ntángo|sanza]] [[als:Monat]] [[ang:Mōnaþ]] [[ar:شهر]] [[be:Месяц]] [[bg:Месец]] [[bs:Mjesec (period)]] [[ca:Mes]] [[cs:Měsíc (kalendářní)]] [[cv:Уйăх]] [[da:Måned]] [[de:Monat]] [[en:Month]] [[eo:Monato]] [[es:Mes]] [[eu:Hilabete]] [[fa:ماه (سال)]] [[fi:Kuukausi]] [[fr:Mois]] [[fy:Moanne (tiid)]] [[gl:Mes sinódico]] [[he:חודש]] [[hi:मास]] [[hr:Mjesec (period)]] [[hu:Hónap]] [[ia:Mense]] [[id:Bulan (waktu)]] [[io:Monato]] [[is:Mánuður]] [[it:Mese]] [[ja:月 (暦)]] [[ka:თვე]] [[kw:Mis]] [[la:Mensis]] [[lad:Mez]] [[lt:Mėnuo]] [[lv:Mēnesis]] [[mi:Marama (maramataka)]] [[nl:Maand]] [[nn:Månad]] [[no:Måned]] [[nrm:Mais]] [[pl:Miesiąc]] [[pt:Mês]] [[rmy:Chhon (bersheski)]] [[ru:Месяц]] [[sh:Mjesec (jedinica)]] [[simple:Month]] [[sk:Mesiac (časová jednotka)]] [[sl:Mesec]] [[sq:Muaji]] [[sr:Месеци]] [[sv:Månad]] [[sw:Mwezi (wakati)]] [[ta:மாதம்]] [[th:เดือน]] [[tl:Buwan (panahon)]] [[tpi:Mun (bilong yia)]] [[tr:Ay (zaman)]] [[yi:מאנאט]] [[zh:月]] [[zh-min-nan:Goe̍h]] 9814 2006-11-19T17:42:59Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: [[ksh:Moohnd]], [[mk:Месец]] Sánzá ezalí [[ntángo]] o [[manáka]], ezalí na [[mokɔlɔ|mikɔlɔ]] ntúku misáto (30) tǒ ntúku misáto na mɔ̌kɔ́ (31). Ezalí [[mpɔ́sɔ]] ínei (4). Ezalaka sánzá zómí na míbalé (12) o [[mbúla]] mɔ̌kɔ́. {{sánzá}} [[Category:Ntángo|sanza]] [[als:Monat]] [[ang:Mōnaþ]] [[ar:شهر]] [[be:Месяц]] [[bg:Месец]] [[bs:Mjesec (period)]] [[ca:Mes]] [[cs:Měsíc (kalendářní)]] [[cv:Уйăх]] [[da:Måned]] [[de:Monat]] [[en:Month]] [[eo:Monato]] [[es:Mes]] [[eu:Hilabete]] [[fa:ماه (سال)]] [[fi:Kuukausi]] [[fr:Mois]] [[fy:Moanne (tiid)]] [[gl:Mes sinódico]] [[he:חודש]] [[hi:मास]] [[hr:Mjesec (period)]] [[hu:Hónap]] [[ia:Mense]] [[id:Bulan (waktu)]] [[io:Monato]] [[is:Mánuður]] [[it:Mese]] [[ja:月 (暦)]] [[ka:თვე]] [[ksh:Moohnd]] [[kw:Mis]] [[la:Mensis]] [[lad:Mez]] [[lt:Mėnuo]] [[lv:Mēnesis]] [[mi:Marama (maramataka)]] [[mk:Месец]] [[nl:Maand]] [[nn:Månad]] [[no:Måned]] [[nrm:Mais]] [[pl:Miesiąc]] [[pt:Mês]] [[rmy:Chhon (bersheski)]] [[ru:Месяц]] [[sh:Mjesec (jedinica)]] [[simple:Month]] [[sk:Mesiac (časová jednotka)]] [[sl:Mesec]] [[sq:Muaji]] [[sr:Месеци]] [[sv:Månad]] [[sw:Mwezi (wakati)]] [[ta:மாதம்]] [[th:เดือน]] [[tl:Buwan (panahon)]] [[tpi:Mun (bilong yia)]] [[tr:Ay (zaman)]] [[yi:מאנאט]] [[zh:月]] [[zh-min-nan:Goe̍h]] 9986 2006-12-17T15:26:39Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: arc, hsb, my, qu, uk Sánzá ezalí [[ntángo]] o [[manáka]], ezalí na [[mokɔlɔ|mikɔlɔ]] ntúku misáto (30) tǒ ntúku misáto na mɔ̌kɔ́ (31). Ezalí [[mpɔ́sɔ]] ínei (4). Ezalaka sánzá zómí na míbalé (12) o [[mbúla]] mɔ̌kɔ́. {{sánzá}} [[Category:Ntángo|sanza]] [[als:Monat]] [[ang:Mōnaþ]] [[ar:شهر]] [[arc:ܝܪܚܐ]] [[be:Месяц]] [[bg:Месец]] [[bs:Mjesec (period)]] [[ca:Mes]] [[cs:Měsíc (kalendářní)]] [[cv:Уйăх]] [[da:Måned]] [[de:Monat]] [[en:Month]] [[eo:Monato]] [[es:Mes]] [[eu:Hilabete]] [[fa:ماه (سال)]] [[fi:Kuukausi]] [[fr:Mois]] [[fy:Moanne (tiid)]] [[gl:Mes sinódico]] [[he:חודש]] [[hi:मास]] [[hr:Mjesec (period)]] [[hsb:Měsac]] [[hu:Hónap]] [[ia:Mense]] [[id:Bulan (waktu)]] [[io:Monato]] [[is:Mánuður]] [[it:Mese]] [[ja:月 (暦)]] [[ka:თვე]] [[ksh:Moohnd]] [[kw:Mis]] [[la:Mensis]] [[lad:Mez]] [[lt:Mėnuo]] [[lv:Mēnesis]] [[mi:Marama (maramataka)]] [[mk:Месец]] [[my:Months]] [[nl:Maand]] [[nn:Månad]] [[no:Måned]] [[nrm:Mais]] [[pl:Miesiąc]] [[pt:Mês]] [[qu:Killa pacha]] [[rmy:Chhon (bersheski)]] [[ru:Месяц]] [[sh:Mjesec (jedinica)]] [[simple:Month]] [[sk:Mesiac (časová jednotka)]] [[sl:Mesec]] [[sq:Muaji]] [[sr:Месеци]] [[sv:Månad]] [[sw:Mwezi (wakati)]] [[ta:மாதம்]] [[th:เดือน]] [[tl:Buwan (panahon)]] [[tpi:Mun (bilong yia)]] [[tr:Ay (zaman)]] [[uk:Місяць (календарний)]] [[yi:מאנאט]] [[zh:月]] [[zh-min-nan:Goe̍h]] Sánzá 2490 8821 2006-07-12T09:56:42Z Moyogo 11 [[Sánzá]] moved to [[Sánzá (ntángo)]] #REDIRECT [[Sánzá (ntángo)]] 8822 2006-07-12T10:00:27Z Moyogo 11 {{Bokokani}} * [[Sánzá (ntángo)]] * [[Sánzá (monzɔ́tɔ)]] Sánzá ya motóbá mikɔlɔ 30 2491 8831 2006-07-12T10:25:28Z Moyogo 11 [[{{PAGENAME}}]] ezalí mokɔlɔ ya 181 ya mbúla (mokɔlɔ ya 182 ya mbúla na mikɔlɔ 356) o mánaka. Bazalí mikɔlɔ 184 na mbísa na nsɔ́ngɛ́ ya mbúla. ==Likambo== * [[1960]] : [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] dipanda na [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] [[af:30 Junie]] [[ar:30 يونيو]] [[an:30 de chunio]] [[frp:30 jouen]] [[ast:30 de xunu]] [[be:30 чэрвеня]] [[bs:30. juni]] [[br:30 Mezheven]] [[bg:30 юни]] [[ca:30 de juny]] [[cv:Çĕртме, 30]] [[ceb:Hunyo 30]] [[cs:30. červen]] [[co:30 di ghjugnu]] [[cy:30 Mehefin]] [[da:30. juni]] [[de:30. Juni]] [[et:30. juuni]] [[el:30 Ιουνίου]] [[es:30 de junio]] [[eo:30-a de junio]] [[eu:Ekainaren 30]] [[fo:30. juni]] [[fr:30 juin]] [[fy:30 juny]] [[fur:30 di Jugn]] [[ga:30 Meitheamh]] [[gl:30 de xuño]] [[kn: ಜೂನ್ ೩೦]] [[ko:6월 30일]] [[hr:30. lipnja]] [[io:30 di junio]] [[ilo:Junio 30]] [[id:30 Juni]] [[ia:30 de junio]] [[ie:30 junio]] [[is:30. júní]] [[it:30 giugno]] [[he:30 ביוני]] [[jv:30 Juni]] [[ka:30 ივნისი]] [[csb:30 czerwińca]] [[ku:30'ê pûşperê]] [[la:30 Iunii]] [[lb:30. Juni]] [[lt:Birželio 30]] [[hu:Június 30]] [[mk:30 јуни]] [[mr:जून ३०]] [[ms:30 Jun]] [[nl:30 juni]] [[ja:6月30日]] [[nap:30 'e giùgno]] [[no:30. juni]] [[nn:30. juni]] [[oc:30 de junh]] [[pam:Juniu 30]] [[pl:30 czerwca]] [[pt:30 de Junho]] [[ro:30 iunie]] [[ru:30 июня]] [[war:Hunyo 30]] [[sco:30 Juin]] [[sq:30 Qershor]] [[scn:30 di giugnu]] [[simple:June 30]] [[sk:30. jún]] [[sl:30. junij]] [[sr:30. јун]] [[fi:30. kesäkuuta]] [[sv:30 juni]] [[tl:Hunyo 30]] [[tt:30. Yün]] [[te:జూన్ 30]] [[th:30 มิถุนายน]] [[vi:30 tháng 6]] [[tr:30 Haziran]] [[uk:30 червня]] [[wa:30 di djun]] [[zh:6月30日]] 8832 2006-07-12T10:26:26Z Moyogo 11 [[{{PAGENAME}}]] ezalí [[mokɔlɔ]] ya 181 ya [[mbúla (ntángo)|mbúla]] (mokɔlɔ ya 182 ya mbúla na mikɔlɔ 356) o [[mánaka]]. Bazalí mikɔlɔ 184 na mbísa na nsɔ́ngɛ́ ya mbúla. ==Likambo== * [[1960]] : [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] dipanda na [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] [[af:30 Junie]] [[ar:30 يونيو]] [[an:30 de chunio]] [[frp:30 jouen]] [[ast:30 de xunu]] [[be:30 чэрвеня]] [[bs:30. juni]] [[br:30 Mezheven]] [[bg:30 юни]] [[ca:30 de juny]] [[cv:Çĕртме, 30]] [[ceb:Hunyo 30]] [[cs:30. červen]] [[co:30 di ghjugnu]] [[cy:30 Mehefin]] [[da:30. juni]] [[de:30. Juni]] [[et:30. juuni]] [[el:30 Ιουνίου]] [[es:30 de junio]] [[eo:30-a de junio]] [[eu:Ekainaren 30]] [[fo:30. juni]] [[fr:30 juin]] [[fy:30 juny]] [[fur:30 di Jugn]] [[ga:30 Meitheamh]] [[gl:30 de xuño]] [[kn: ಜೂನ್ ೩೦]] [[ko:6월 30일]] [[hr:30. lipnja]] [[io:30 di junio]] [[ilo:Junio 30]] [[id:30 Juni]] [[ia:30 de junio]] [[ie:30 junio]] [[is:30. júní]] [[it:30 giugno]] [[he:30 ביוני]] [[jv:30 Juni]] [[ka:30 ივნისი]] [[csb:30 czerwińca]] [[ku:30'ê pûşperê]] [[la:30 Iunii]] [[lb:30. Juni]] [[lt:Birželio 30]] [[hu:Június 30]] [[mk:30 јуни]] [[mr:जून ३०]] [[ms:30 Jun]] [[nl:30 juni]] [[ja:6月30日]] [[nap:30 'e giùgno]] [[no:30. juni]] [[nn:30. juni]] [[oc:30 de junh]] [[pam:Juniu 30]] [[pl:30 czerwca]] [[pt:30 de Junho]] [[ro:30 iunie]] [[ru:30 июня]] [[war:Hunyo 30]] [[sco:30 Juin]] [[sq:30 Qershor]] [[scn:30 di giugnu]] [[simple:June 30]] [[sk:30. jún]] [[sl:30. junij]] [[sr:30. јун]] [[fi:30. kesäkuuta]] [[sv:30 juni]] [[tl:Hunyo 30]] [[tt:30. Yün]] [[te:జూన్ 30]] [[th:30 มิถุนายน]] [[vi:30 tháng 6]] [[tr:30 Haziran]] [[uk:30 червня]] [[wa:30 di djun]] [[zh:6月30日]] 9064 2006-08-02T06:43:57Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: [[en:June 30]] [[{{PAGENAME}}]] ezalí [[mokɔlɔ]] ya 181 ya [[mbúla (ntángo)|mbúla]] (mokɔlɔ ya 182 ya mbúla na mikɔlɔ 356) o [[mánaka]]. Bazalí mikɔlɔ 184 na mbísa na nsɔ́ngɛ́ ya mbúla. ==Likambo== * [[1960]] : [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] dipanda na [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] [[af:30 Junie]] [[an:30 de chunio]] [[ar:30 يونيو]] [[ast:30 de xunu]] [[be:30 чэрвеня]] [[bg:30 юни]] [[br:30 Mezheven]] [[bs:30. juni]] [[ca:30 de juny]] [[ceb:Hunyo 30]] [[co:30 di ghjugnu]] [[cs:30. červen]] [[csb:30 czerwińca]] [[cv:Çĕртме, 30]] [[cy:30 Mehefin]] [[da:30. juni]] [[de:30. Juni]] [[el:30 Ιουνίου]] [[en:June 30]] [[eo:30-a de junio]] [[es:30 de junio]] [[et:30. juuni]] [[eu:Ekainaren 30]] [[fi:30. kesäkuuta]] [[fo:30. juni]] [[fr:30 juin]] [[frp:30 jouen]] [[fur:30 di Jugn]] [[fy:30 juny]] [[ga:30 Meitheamh]] [[gl:30 de xuño]] [[he:30 ביוני]] [[hr:30. lipnja]] [[hu:Június 30]] [[ia:30 de junio]] [[id:30 Juni]] [[ie:30 junio]] [[ilo:Junio 30]] [[io:30 di junio]] [[is:30. júní]] [[it:30 giugno]] [[ja:6月30日]] [[jv:30 Juni]] [[ka:30 ივნისი]] [[kn:ಜೂನ್ ೩೦]] [[ko:6월 30일]] [[ku:30'ê pûşperê]] [[la:30 Iunii]] [[lb:30. Juni]] [[lt:Birželio 30]] [[mk:30 јуни]] [[mr:जून ३०]] [[ms:30 Jun]] [[nap:30 'e giùgno]] [[nl:30 juni]] [[nn:30. juni]] [[no:30. juni]] [[oc:30 de junh]] [[pam:Juniu 30]] [[pl:30 czerwca]] [[pt:30 de Junho]] [[ro:30 iunie]] [[ru:30 июня]] [[scn:30 di giugnu]] [[sco:30 Juin]] [[simple:June 30]] [[sk:30. jún]] [[sl:30. junij]] [[sq:30 Qershor]] [[sr:30. јун]] [[sv:30 juni]] [[te:జూన్ 30]] [[th:30 มิถุนายน]] [[tl:Hunyo 30]] [[tr:30 Haziran]] [[tt:30. Yün]] [[uk:30 червня]] [[vi:30 tháng 6]] [[wa:30 di djun]] [[war:Hunyo 30]] [[zh:6月30日]] 9392 2006-09-29T23:53:50Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: gd, ksh, lmo, sw, vec [[{{PAGENAME}}]] ezalí [[mokɔlɔ]] ya 181 ya [[mbúla (ntángo)|mbúla]] (mokɔlɔ ya 182 ya mbúla na mikɔlɔ 356) o [[mánaka]]. Bazalí mikɔlɔ 184 na mbísa na nsɔ́ngɛ́ ya mbúla. ==Likambo== * [[1960]] : [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] dipanda na [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] [[af:30 Junie]] [[an:30 de chunio]] [[ar:30 يونيو]] [[ast:30 de xunu]] [[be:30 чэрвеня]] [[bg:30 юни]] [[br:30 Mezheven]] [[bs:30. juni]] [[ca:30 de juny]] [[ceb:Hunyo 30]] [[co:30 di ghjugnu]] [[cs:30. červen]] [[csb:30 czerwińca]] [[cv:Çĕртме, 30]] [[cy:30 Mehefin]] [[da:30. juni]] [[de:30. Juni]] [[el:30 Ιουνίου]] [[en:June 30]] [[eo:30-a de junio]] [[es:30 de junio]] [[et:30. juuni]] [[eu:Ekainaren 30]] [[fi:30. kesäkuuta]] [[fo:30. juni]] [[fr:30 juin]] [[frp:30 jouen]] [[fur:30 di Jugn]] [[fy:30 juny]] [[ga:30 Meitheamh]] [[gd:30 an t-Og-mhios]] [[gl:30 de xuño]] [[he:30 ביוני]] [[hr:30. lipnja]] [[hu:Június 30]] [[ia:30 de junio]] [[id:30 Juni]] [[ie:30 junio]] [[ilo:Junio 30]] [[io:30 di junio]] [[is:30. júní]] [[it:30 giugno]] [[ja:6月30日]] [[jv:30 Juni]] [[ka:30 ივნისი]] [[kn:ಜೂನ್ ೩೦]] [[ko:6월 30일]] [[ksh:30. Juuni]] [[ku:30'ê pûşperê]] [[la:30 Iunii]] [[lb:30. Juni]] [[lmo:30 06]] [[lt:Birželio 30]] [[mk:30 јуни]] [[mr:जून ३०]] [[ms:30 Jun]] [[nap:30 'e giùgno]] [[nl:30 juni]] [[nn:30. juni]] [[no:30. juni]] [[oc:30 de junh]] [[pam:Juniu 30]] [[pl:30 czerwca]] [[pt:30 de Junho]] [[ro:30 iunie]] [[ru:30 июня]] [[scn:30 di giugnu]] [[sco:30 Juin]] [[simple:June 30]] [[sk:30. jún]] [[sl:30. junij]] [[sq:30 Qershor]] [[sr:30. јун]] [[sv:30 juni]] [[sw:30 Juni]] [[te:జూన్ 30]] [[th:30 มิถุนายน]] [[tl:Hunyo 30]] [[tr:30 Haziran]] [[tt:30. Yün]] [[uk:30 червня]] [[vec:30 de giugno]] [[vi:30 tháng 6]] [[wa:30 di djun]] [[war:Hunyo 30]] [[zh:6月30日]] 9850 2006-11-25T16:50:00Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: [[sh:30.6.]], [[su:30 Juli]] [[{{PAGENAME}}]] ezalí [[mokɔlɔ]] ya 181 ya [[mbúla (ntángo)|mbúla]] (mokɔlɔ ya 182 ya mbúla na mikɔlɔ 356) o [[mánaka]]. Bazalí mikɔlɔ 184 na mbísa na nsɔ́ngɛ́ ya mbúla. ==Likambo== * [[1960]] : [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] dipanda na [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] [[af:30 Junie]] [[an:30 de chunio]] [[ar:30 يونيو]] [[ast:30 de xunu]] [[be:30 чэрвеня]] [[bg:30 юни]] [[br:30 Mezheven]] [[bs:30. juni]] [[ca:30 de juny]] [[ceb:Hunyo 30]] [[co:30 di ghjugnu]] [[cs:30. červen]] [[csb:30 czerwińca]] [[cv:Çĕртме, 30]] [[cy:30 Mehefin]] [[da:30. juni]] [[de:30. Juni]] [[el:30 Ιουνίου]] [[en:June 30]] [[eo:30-a de junio]] [[es:30 de junio]] [[et:30. juuni]] [[eu:Ekainaren 30]] [[fi:30. kesäkuuta]] [[fo:30. juni]] [[fr:30 juin]] [[frp:30 jouen]] [[fur:30 di Jugn]] [[fy:30 juny]] [[ga:30 Meitheamh]] [[gd:30 an t-Og-mhios]] [[gl:30 de xuño]] [[he:30 ביוני]] [[hr:30. lipnja]] [[hu:Június 30]] [[ia:30 de junio]] [[id:30 Juni]] [[ie:30 junio]] [[ilo:Junio 30]] [[io:30 di junio]] [[is:30. júní]] [[it:30 giugno]] [[ja:6月30日]] [[jv:30 Juni]] [[ka:30 ივნისი]] [[kn:ಜೂನ್ ೩೦]] [[ko:6월 30일]] [[ksh:30. Juuni]] [[ku:30'ê pûşperê]] [[la:30 Iunii]] [[lb:30. Juni]] [[lmo:30 06]] [[lt:Birželio 30]] [[mk:30 јуни]] [[mr:जून ३०]] [[ms:30 Jun]] [[nap:30 'e giùgno]] [[nl:30 juni]] [[nn:30. juni]] [[no:30. juni]] [[oc:30 de junh]] [[pam:Juniu 30]] [[pl:30 czerwca]] [[pt:30 de Junho]] [[ro:30 iunie]] [[ru:30 июня]] [[scn:30 di giugnu]] [[sco:30 Juin]] [[sh:30.6.]] [[simple:June 30]] [[sk:30. jún]] [[sl:30. junij]] [[sq:30 Qershor]] [[sr:30. јун]] [[su:30 Juli]] [[sv:30 juni]] [[sw:30 Juni]] [[te:జూన్ 30]] [[th:30 มิถุนายน]] [[tl:Hunyo 30]] [[tr:30 Haziran]] [[tt:30. Yün]] [[uk:30 червня]] [[vec:30 de giugno]] [[vi:30 tháng 6]] [[wa:30 di djun]] [[war:Hunyo 30]] [[zh:6月30日]] Nzóto 2493 8838 2006-07-12T12:04:12Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:Human body features2.png]] # motó # elongi # likókiti, nkíngó* # libɛkɛ, libɛ́kɛ*, lipɛkɛ_ # ntólo # litɔlú # ebóbó # lokéto # nsɔ́ka # ebɛlo, lokondó # libɔ́lɔ́ngɔ́ # moketa # etíndá, litíndí # lokolo # lobɔ́kɔ # molɔ́kú # ? # esímbeli # lobɔ́kɔ 8839 2006-07-12T12:06:30Z Moyogo 11 == Moto == [[Image:Human body features2.png]] # motó # elongi # likókiti, nkíngó* # libɛkɛ, libɛ́kɛ*, lipɛkɛ_ # ntólo # litɔlú # ebóbó # lokéto # nsɔ́ka # ebɛlo, lokondó # libɔ́lɔ́ngɔ́ # moketa # etíndá, litíndí # lokolo # lobɔ́kɔ # molɔ́kú # ? # esímbeli # lobɔ́kɔ 8840 2006-07-12T12:08:33Z Moyogo 11 {{ndámbo}} == Moto == [[Image:Human body features2.png]] # [[motó]] # [[elongi]] # [[nkíngó]] tǒ likókiti # [[libɛkɛ]] # [[ntólo]] # [[litɔlú]] # [[ebóbó]] # [[lokéto]] # [[nsɔ́ka]] # [[ebɛlo]] tǒ lokondó # [[libɔ́lɔ́ngɔ́]] # [[moketa]] # etíndá tǒ [[litíndí]] # [[lokolo]] # [[lobɔ́kɔ]] # [[molɔ́kú]] # ? # [[esímbeli]] # [[lobɔ́kɔ]] 8845 2006-07-12T13:01:31Z Moyogo 11 {{ndámbo}} == Moto == [[Image:Human body features2.png]] # [[motó]] # [[elongi]] # [[nkíngó]] tǒ likókiti # [[libɛkɛ]] # [[ntólo]] # [[litɔlú]] # [[ebóbó]] # [[lokéto]] # [[nsɔ́ka]] # [[ebɛlo]] tǒ lokondó # [[libɔ́lɔ́ngɔ́]] # [[moketa]] # etíndá tǒ [[litíndí]] # [[lokolo]] # [[lobɔ́kɔ]] # [[molɔ́kú]] # ? # [[esímbeli]] # [[lobɔ́kɔ]] [[fr:Corps]] [[en:Body]] 8873 2006-07-13T10:37:30Z Bombo 12 cat {{ndámbo}} == Moto == [[Image:Human body features2.png]] # [[motó]] # [[elongi]] # [[nkíngó]] tǒ likókiti # [[libɛkɛ]] # [[ntólo]] # [[litɔlú]] # [[ebóbó]] # [[lokéto]] # [[nsɔ́ka]] # [[ebɛlo]] tǒ lokondó # [[libɔ́lɔ́ngɔ́]] # [[moketa]] # etíndá tǒ [[litíndí]] # [[lokolo]] # [[lobɔ́kɔ]] # [[molɔ́kú]] # ? # [[esímbeli]] # [[lobɔ́kɔ]] [[Category:Eténi ya nzóto]] [[Category:Moto]] [[fr:Corps]] [[en:Body]] 8874 2006-07-13T10:37:58Z Bombo 12 typo {{ndámbo}} == Moto == [[Image:Human body features2.png]] # [[motó]] # [[elongi]] # [[nkíngó]] tǒ likókiti # [[libɛkɛ]] # [[ntólo]] # [[litɔlú]] # [[ebóbó]] # [[lokéto]] # [[nsɔ́ka]] # [[ebɛlo]] tǒ lokondó # [[libɔ́lɔ́ngɔ́]] # [[moketa]] # etíndá tǒ [[litíndí]] # [[lokolo]] # [[lobɔ́kɔ]] # [[molɔ́kú]] # ? # [[esímbeli]] # [[lobɔ́kɔ]] [[Category:Nzóto]] [[Category:Moto]] [[fr:Corps]] [[en:Body]] Elongi 2495 8847 2006-07-12T14:40:33Z Moyogo 11 '''Elongi''' ezalí eténi ya [[nzóto]] bandá [[motó]] kín’o [[nkíngó]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Eténi ya nzóto]] 8848 2006-07-12T14:41:39Z Moyogo 11 '''Elongi''' ezalí eténi ya [[nzóto]] bandá [[motó]] kín’o [[nkíngó]] mpé [[ntólo]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Eténi ya nzóto]] [[en:Neck]] [[fr:Cou]] 8851 2006-07-12T15:21:37Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:Him.jpg|thumb|Elongi ya moto mobali]] '''Elongi''' ezalí eténi epái ya libosó ya [[motó]]. Na [[moto]] ezalí na [[mǐso]], [[zɔlɔ]], [[monɔkɔ]], mpé [[mbángá]] {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Eténi ya nzóto]] [[en:Neck]] [[fr:Cou]] 8852 2006-07-12T15:22:11Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:Him.jpg|thumb|Elongi ya moto mobali]] '''Elongi''' ezalí eténi epái ya libosó ya [[motó]]. Na [[moto]] ezalí na [[lǐso|mǐso]], [[zɔlɔ]], [[monɔkɔ]], mpé [[mbángá]] {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Eténi ya nzóto]] [[en:Neck]] [[fr:Cou]] 8853 2006-07-12T15:25:26Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:Him.jpg|thumb|Elongi ya moto mobali]] '''Elongi''' ezalí eténi epái ya libosó ya [[motó]]. Na [[moto]] ezalí na [[lǐso|mǐso]], [[zɔlɔ]], [[monɔkɔ]], mpé [[mbángá]] {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Eténi ya nzóto]] [[en:Face]] [[fr:Visage]] 8854 2006-07-12T15:33:42Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:Him.jpg|thumb|Elongi ya moto mobali]] '''Elongi''' ezalí eténi epái ya libosó ya [[motó]]. Na [[moto]] ezalí na [[lǐso|mǐso]], [[zɔlɔ]], [[monɔkɔ]], [[mbébo]], mpé [[mbángá]] {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Eténi ya nzóto]] [[en:Face]] [[fr:Visage]] 8865 2006-07-13T09:08:48Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:Him.jpg|thumb|Elongi ya moto mobali]] '''Elongi''' ezalí eténi ya nzóto epái ya libosó ya [[motó]]. Na [[moto]] ezalí na [[lǐso|mǐso]], [[zɔlɔ]], [[monɔkɔ]], [[mbébo]], mpé [[mbángá]] {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Eténi ya nzóto]] [[en:Face]] [[fr:Visage]] 8866 2006-07-13T09:09:01Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:Him.jpg|thumb|Elongi ya moto mobali]] '''Elongi''' ezalí eténi ya [[nzóto]] epái ya libosó ya [[motó]]. Na [[moto]] ezalí na [[lǐso|mǐso]], [[zɔlɔ]], [[monɔkɔ]], [[mbébo]], mpé [[mbángá]] {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Eténi ya nzóto]] [[en:Face]] [[fr:Visage]] 9003 2006-08-02T05:35:19Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: cy, de, eo, fi, gd, io, ja, kw, lt, nl, pl, pt, simple, sv, zh [[Image:Him.jpg|thumb|Elongi ya moto mobali]] '''Elongi''' ezalí eténi ya [[nzóto]] epái ya libosó ya [[motó]]. Na [[moto]] ezalí na [[lǐso|mǐso]], [[zɔlɔ]], [[monɔkɔ]], [[mbébo]], mpé [[mbángá]] {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Eténi ya nzóto]] [[cy:Wyneb]] [[de:Gesicht]] [[en:Face]] [[eo:Vizaĝo]] [[fi:Kasvot]] [[fr:Visage]] [[gd:Aodann]] [[io:Vizajo]] [[ja:顔]] [[kw:Enep]] [[lt:Veidas]] [[nl:Gelaat]] [[pl:Wskaźnik twarzowy]] [[pt:Face]] [[simple:Face]] [[sv:Ansikte]] [[zh:脸]] 9900 2006-11-29T18:48:07Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: es, he, id, it, yi Modifie: zh [[Image:Him.jpg|thumb|Elongi ya moto mobali]] '''Elongi''' ezalí eténi ya [[nzóto]] epái ya libosó ya [[motó]]. Na [[moto]] ezalí na [[lǐso|mǐso]], [[zɔlɔ]], [[monɔkɔ]], [[mbébo]], mpé [[mbángá]] {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Eténi ya nzóto]] [[cy:Wyneb]] [[de:Gesicht]] [[en:Face]] [[eo:Vizaĝo]] [[es:Cara]] [[fi:Kasvot]] [[fr:Visage]] [[gd:Aodann]] [[he:פנים]] [[id:Wajah]] [[io:Vizajo]] [[it:Viso]] [[ja:顔]] [[kw:Enep]] [[lt:Veidas]] [[nl:Gelaat]] [[pl:Wskaźnik twarzowy]] [[pt:Face]] [[simple:Face]] [[sv:Ansikte]] [[yi:פּנים]] [[zh:顏面]] Nkíngó 2496 8849 2006-07-12T15:15:42Z Moyogo 11 '''Nkíngó''' tǒ '''likókiti''' ezalí eténi ya [[nzóto]] bandá [[motó]] kín’o [[libɛkɛ]] mpé [[ntólo]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Eténi ya nzóto|nkingo]] [[en:Neck]] [[fr:Cou]] 8869 2006-07-13T09:13:09Z Moyogo 11 '''Nkíngó''' tǒ '''likókiti''' ezalí eténi ya [[nzóto]] bandá [[motó]] kín’o [[libɛkɛ]] mpé [[ntólo]]. [[Mongóngó]] ezalí eténi ya nkíngó, mpé [[ngongolí]] na moto [[mobáli]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Eténi ya nzóto|nkingo]] [[en:Neck]] [[fr:Cou]] Motó 2497 8850 2006-07-12T15:18:32Z Moyogo 11 '''Motó''' ezalí eténi ya likoló lya [[nzóto]]. [[Elongi]] ezalí eténi epái ya libosó ya motó. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Eténi ya nzóto]] [[en:Head]] [[fr:Tête]] 9058 2006-08-02T06:34:09Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: bg, cy, da, eo, es, eu, fi, gl, he, ia, io, is, it, ja, kg, nl, no, pdc, pl, pt, ru, scn, simple, sl, su, sv, zh Modifie: fr '''Motó''' ezalí eténi ya likoló lya [[nzóto]]. [[Elongi]] ezalí eténi epái ya libosó ya motó. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Eténi ya nzóto]] [[bg:Глава]] [[cy:Pen]] [[da:Hoved]] [[en:Head]] [[eo:Kapo]] [[es:Cabeza]] [[eu:Buru]] [[fi:Pää]] [[fr:Tête (anatomie)]] [[gl:Cabeza]] [[he:ראש]] [[ia:Capite]] [[io:Kapo]] [[is:Höfuð]] [[it:Testa]] [[ja:頭]] [[kg:Ntu]] [[nl:Hoofd (anatomie)]] [[no:Hode]] [[pdc:Kopp]] [[pl:Głowa]] [[pt:Cabeça]] [[ru:Голова]] [[scn:Testa]] [[simple:Head]] [[sl:Glava]] [[su:Sirah]] [[sv:Huvud]] [[zh:头]] 9155 2006-08-23T23:11:41Z Robbot 14 robot Ajoute: [[als:Kopf]] '''Motó''' ezalí eténi ya likoló lya [[nzóto]]. [[Elongi]] ezalí eténi epái ya libosó ya motó. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Eténi ya nzóto]] [[als:Kopf]] [[bg:Глава]] [[cy:Pen]] [[da:Hoved]] [[en:Head]] [[eo:Kapo]] [[es:Cabeza]] [[eu:Buru]] [[fi:Pää]] [[fr:Tête (anatomie)]] [[gl:Cabeza]] [[he:ראש]] [[ia:Capite]] [[io:Kapo]] [[is:Höfuð]] [[it:Testa]] [[ja:頭]] [[kg:Ntu]] [[nl:Hoofd (anatomie)]] [[no:Hode]] [[pdc:Kopp]] [[pl:Głowa]] [[pt:Cabeça]] [[ru:Голова]] [[scn:Testa]] [[simple:Head]] [[sl:Glava]] [[su:Sirah]] [[sv:Huvud]] [[zh:头]] Libɛkɛ 2498 8855 2006-07-12T15:54:22Z Moyogo 11 '''Libɛkɛ''' tǒ '''lipɛkɛ''' ezalí eténi epái ya likólo ya [[ntólo]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Eténi ya nzóto]] [[en:Shoulder]] [[fr:Épaule]] 8856 2006-07-12T16:00:39Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:Asian woman shoulder.jpg|Libɛkɛ lya moto mwǎsí]] '''Libɛkɛ''' tǒ '''lipɛkɛ''' ezalí eténi epái ya likólo ya [[ntólo]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Eténi ya nzóto]] [[en:Shoulder]] [[fr:Épaule]] 8857 2006-07-12T16:01:30Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:Asian woman shoulder.jpg|thumb|Libɛkɛ lya moto mwǎsí]] '''Libɛkɛ''' tǒ '''lipɛkɛ''' ezalí eténi epái ya likólo ya [[ntólo]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Eténi ya nzóto]] [[en:Shoulder]] [[fr:Épaule]] 8858 2006-07-12T16:02:28Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:Asian woman shoulder.jpg|thumb|Libɛkɛ lya moto mwǎsí]] '''Libɛkɛ''' tǒ '''lipɛkɛ''' ezalí eténi epái ya likólo ya [[ntólo]]. Bizalí mabɛkɛ mábalé (2) na moto mpé na nyama. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Eténi ya nzóto]] [[en:Shoulder]] [[fr:Épaule]] 8867 2006-07-13T09:10:13Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:Asian woman shoulder.jpg|thumb|Libɛkɛ lya moto mwǎsí]] '''Libɛkɛ''' tǒ '''lipɛkɛ''' ezalí eténi ya [[nzóto]] epái ya likólo ya [[ntólo]]. Bizalí mabɛkɛ mábalé (2) na moto mpé na nyama. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Eténi ya nzóto]] [[en:Shoulder]] [[fr:Épaule]] 8868 2006-07-13T09:10:29Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:Asian woman shoulder.jpg|thumb|Libɛkɛ lya moto mwǎsí]] '''Libɛkɛ''' tǒ '''lipɛkɛ''' ezalí eténi ya [[nzóto]] epái ya likólo ya [[ntólo]]. Bizalí mabɛkɛ mábalé (2) na [[moto]] mpé na [[nyama]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Eténi ya nzóto]] [[en:Shoulder]] [[fr:Épaule]] 9053 2006-08-02T06:27:33Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: ca, de, eo, es, fi, he, ja, nl, nn, pdc, pt, simple, sv [[Image:Asian woman shoulder.jpg|thumb|Libɛkɛ lya moto mwǎsí]] '''Libɛkɛ''' tǒ '''lipɛkɛ''' ezalí eténi ya [[nzóto]] epái ya likólo ya [[ntólo]]. Bizalí mabɛkɛ mábalé (2) na [[moto]] mpé na [[nyama]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Eténi ya nzóto]] [[ca:Espatlla]] [[de:Schulter]] [[en:Shoulder]] [[eo:Ŝultro]] [[es:Hombro]] [[fi:Olkapää]] [[fr:Épaule]] [[he:כתף]] [[ja:肩]] [[nl:Schouder]] [[nn:Skulder]] [[pdc:Schulter]] [[pt:Ombro]] [[simple:Shoulder]] [[sv:Axel (kroppsdel)]] Litɔlú 2499 8859 2006-07-12T16:07:37Z Moyogo 11 '''Litɔlú''' ezalí eténi o katí ya [[ebóbó]]. {{ndámbo}} [[fr:Nombril]] [[en:Ombilic]] 8860 2006-07-12T16:10:09Z Moyogo 11 [[Immagine:Ombelico.JPG|Litɔlú o katí ya ebóbó.]] '''Litɔlú''' ezalí eténi o katí ya [[ebóbó]]. {{ndámbo}} [[fr:Ombilic]] [[en:Umbilicus]] 8861 2006-07-12T16:10:47Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:Ombelico.JPG|thumb|Litɔlú o katí ya ebóbó.]] '''Litɔlú''' ezalí eténi o katí ya [[ebóbó]]. {{ndámbo}} [[fr:Ombilic]] [[en:Umbilicus]] 9052 2006-08-02T06:27:21Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: ca, de, es, fi, he, id, it, ja, nl, nn, no, pdc, pl, pt, simple, sv, zh [[Image:Ombelico.JPG|thumb|Litɔlú o katí ya ebóbó.]] '''Litɔlú''' ezalí eténi o katí ya [[ebóbó]]. {{ndámbo}} [[ca:Melic]] [[de:Bauchnabel]] [[en:Umbilicus]] [[es:Ombligo]] [[fi:Napa (anatomia)]] [[fr:Ombilic]] [[he:טבור]] [[id:Pusar]] [[it:Ombelico]] [[ja:へそ]] [[nl:Navel]] [[nn:Navle]] [[no:Navle]] [[pdc:Nawwel]] [[pl:Pępek]] [[pt:Umbigo]] [[simple:Umbilicus]] [[sv:Navel]] [[zh:肚脐]] Ebóbó 2500 8862 2006-07-12T16:18:19Z Moyogo 11 '''Ebóbó''' ezalí eténi ya [[nzóto]]. Ezalí epái [[moto]] bandá [[ntoló]] kín’o [[lokéto]]. {{ndámbo}} [[fr:Abdomen]] [[en:Abdomen]] 8863 2006-07-12T16:18:34Z Moyogo 11 '''Ebóbó''' ezalí eténi ya [[nzóto]]. Ezalí epái [[moto]] bandá [[ntólo]] kín’o [[lokéto]]. {{ndámbo}} [[fr:Abdomen]] [[en:Abdomen]] 8870 2006-07-13T09:15:54Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:Grays Anatomy image392.png|thumb|[[motungá|Mintungá]] ya ebóbó ya moto]] '''Ebóbó''' ezalí eténi ya [[nzóto]]. Ezalí epái [[moto]] bandá [[ntólo]] kín’o [[lokéto]]. {{ndámbo}} [[fr:Abdomen]] [[en:Abdomen]] 8871 2006-07-13T09:16:16Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:Grays Anatomy image392.png|thumb|[[motungá|Mintungá]] ya ebóbó ya moto]] '''Ebóbó''' ezalí eténi ya [[nzóto]]. Ezalí epái [[moto]] bandá [[ntólo]] kín’o [[lokéto]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Eténi ya nzóto]] [[fr:Abdomen]] [[en:Abdomen]] Lǐso 2501 8864 2006-07-13T09:06:14Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:Menschliches auge.jpg|thumb|Lǐso ya moto mɔ̌kɔ.]] [[Image:Cat eye.jpeg|thumb|Lǐso ya [[nyáo]].]] '''Mǐso''' bizalí biténi ya [[nzóto]] mpɔ́ na batáli mpé etáleli. Lǐso mɔ̌kɔ́ ezalí [[libúngútulú]]. [[Category:Eténi ya nzóto]] [[fr:Œil]] [[en:Eye]] 9939 2006-12-10T14:44:57Z Robbot 14 robot Ajoute: ar, bg, ca, cs, cy, da, de, el, eo, es, et, fi, fy, he, id, io, is, it, ja, ko, la, lb, lt, ms, nah, nl, nn, no, nrm, os, pl, pt, qu, ro, ru, simple, sk, sl, sq, sr, su, sv, ta, th, tr, ug, ur, vi, yi, zh, zh-min-nan, zh-yue [[Image:Menschliches auge.jpg|thumb|Lǐso ya moto mɔ̌kɔ.]] [[Image:Cat eye.jpeg|thumb|Lǐso ya [[nyáo]].]] '''Mǐso''' bizalí biténi ya [[nzóto]] mpɔ́ na batáli mpé etáleli. Lǐso mɔ̌kɔ́ ezalí [[libúngútulú]]. [[Category:Eténi ya nzóto]] [[ar:عين]] [[bg:Око]] [[ca:Ull (òrgan)]] [[cs:Oko]] [[cy:Llygad]] [[da:Øje]] [[de:Auge]] [[el:Μάτι]] [[en:Eye]] [[eo:Okulo]] [[es:Ojo]] [[et:Silm]] [[fi:Silmä]] [[fr:Œil]] [[fy:Each]] [[he:עין]] [[id:Mata]] [[io:Okulo]] [[is:Auga]] [[it:Occhio]] [[ja:目]] [[ko:동물의 눈]] [[la:Oculus]] [[lb:A (Sënnesorgan)]] [[lt:Akis]] [[ms:Mata]] [[nah:Īxtelolohtli]] [[nl:Oog (anatomie)]] [[nn:Auga]] [[no:Øye]] [[nrm:Yi]] [[os:Цæст]] [[pl:Oko]] [[pt:Olho]] [[qu:Ñawi]] [[ro:Ochi]] [[ru:Глаз]] [[simple:Eye]] [[sk:Oko]] [[sl:Oko]] [[sq:Syri]] [[sr:Око]] [[su:Panon]] [[sv:Öga]] [[ta:கண்]] [[th:ตา]] [[tr:Göz]] [[ug:كۆز]] [[ur:آنکھ]] [[vi:Mắt]] [[yi:אויג]] [[zh:眼]] [[zh-min-nan:Ba̍k-chiu]] [[zh-yue:眼]] 10014 2006-12-20T00:08:34Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[eu:Begi]] [[Image:Menschliches auge.jpg|thumb|Lǐso ya moto mɔ̌kɔ.]] [[Image:Cat eye.jpeg|thumb|Lǐso ya [[nyáo]].]] '''Mǐso''' bizalí biténi ya [[nzóto]] mpɔ́ na batáli mpé etáleli. Lǐso mɔ̌kɔ́ ezalí [[libúngútulú]]. [[Category:Eténi ya nzóto]] [[ar:عين]] [[bg:Око]] [[ca:Ull (òrgan)]] [[cs:Oko]] [[cy:Llygad]] [[da:Øje]] [[de:Auge]] [[el:Μάτι]] [[en:Eye]] [[eo:Okulo]] [[es:Ojo]] [[et:Silm]] [[eu:Begi]] [[fi:Silmä]] [[fr:Œil]] [[fy:Each]] [[he:עין]] [[id:Mata]] [[io:Okulo]] [[is:Auga]] [[it:Occhio]] [[ja:目]] [[ko:동물의 눈]] [[la:Oculus]] [[lb:A (Sënnesorgan)]] [[lt:Akis]] [[ms:Mata]] [[nah:Īxtelolohtli]] [[nl:Oog (anatomie)]] [[nn:Auga]] [[no:Øye]] [[nrm:Yi]] [[os:Цæст]] [[pl:Oko]] [[pt:Olho]] [[qu:Ñawi]] [[ro:Ochi]] [[ru:Глаз]] [[simple:Eye]] [[sk:Oko]] [[sl:Oko]] [[sq:Syri]] [[sr:Око]] [[su:Panon]] [[sv:Öga]] [[ta:கண்]] [[th:ตา]] [[tr:Göz]] [[ug:كۆز]] [[ur:آنکھ]] [[vi:Mắt]] [[yi:אויג]] [[zh:眼]] [[zh-min-nan:Ba̍k-chiu]] [[zh-yue:眼]] Category:Eténi ya nzóto 2502 8872 2006-07-13T09:16:28Z Moyogo 11 [[Category:Nzóto]] Category:Nzóto 2503 8875 2006-07-13T10:38:39Z Bombo 12 cat [[Category:Moto]] Category:Ndámbo ya lokótá ya Nizer-Kongo 2504 8881 2006-07-13T13:20:08Z Moyogo 11 [[Category:Wikipedia]] Wikipedia:Template 2505 8908 2006-07-14T19:32:32Z Bombo 12 http://ln.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AAllpages&from=&namespace=10 ==Jyografi== *[[Template:Bisé ya Afrika]] *[[Template:Bisé ya Eropa]] *[[Template:Infobox Esé]] *[[Template:Babɛndɛ́lɛ ya bisé]] *[[Template:Country flagcountry]] *[[Template:Country]] ===Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ=== *[[Template:UK]] = [[Template:BikoloIngɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] *[[Template:Londoni]] *[[Template:Country_shortname_alias_United_Kingdom]] ===Kɔ́ngɔ=== *[[Template:BakominiKinshasa]] *[[Template:Commune RDC 2005]] *[[Template:BiteniKongoKinshasa]] *[[Template:BiteniRKD]] ==Politiki== *[[Template:Politiki bya Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] *[[Template:Baparti o Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] ==Historia== *[[Template:HistoireRDC]] F *[[Template:FichePresidentUS]] F ==Relijion== *[[Template:Boyúda]] *[[Template:IslamS]] *[[Template:KimokristoS]] ==Wikipedia== *[[Template:Lingála tɛ́]] *[[Template:Bobóngoli na nkóta]] *[[Template:Bokokani]] DISAMB *[[Template:Interwiki]] *[[Template:Ndámbo]] STUB *[[Template:Nk-ndámbo-lokótá]] STUB *[[Template:Nsango ya sika]] ===Lonkásá ya libosó=== *[[Template:Encyclopédie]] *[[Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Mbɔ́tɛ]] *[[Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Lokótá]] *[[Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Kosálisa]] *[[Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Nkotá ya Wikipedia]] *[[Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Óyo nini]] *[[Template:Nkásá ya sika]] *[[Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Nsango níni]] *[[Template:9yanuari]] [[Category:Wikipedia]] Wikipedia:Disambiguation Templates 2506 edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed 8919 2006-07-18T01:54:25Z Yurik 75 Automatic upload of all disambig templates == Do not delete! == This list is used by various bots to determine the current list of disambiguation templates for this site. This page may have any format, with any explanation text, or translated to the language of the site. Administrators, it is suggested that this page is locked to avoid vandalism. [[Template:Bokokani]] 8922 2006-07-18T11:07:41Z Bombo 12 Protected "[[Wikipedia:Disambiguation Templates]]": Page pour/for bots [edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed] == Do not delete! == This list is used by various bots to determine the current list of disambiguation templates for this site. This page may have any format, with any explanation text, or translated to the language of the site. Administrators, it is suggested that this page is locked to avoid vandalism. [[Template:Bokokani]] Lǐno 2507 8925 2006-07-19T15:35:58Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:Virtual teeth smile.png|thumb|Mǐno o ntéi ya monɔkɔ mwa moto.]] '''Mǐno''' bazalí biténi ya [[nzóto]] epái ya libosó ya [[monɔkɔ]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Eténi ya nzóto]] [[en:Tooth]] [[fr:Dent]] 9051 2006-08-02T06:26:30Z YurikBot 76 robot Ajoute: ar, bn, cs, da, de, eo, es, fi, he, hr, id, is, it, ja, ko, lt, mk, nah, nap, nl, no, pdc, pl, pt, ru, simple, sk, sl, sr, sv, th, uk, zh, zh-min-nan [[Image:Virtual teeth smile.png|thumb|Mǐno o ntéi ya monɔkɔ mwa moto.]] '''Mǐno''' bazalí biténi ya [[nzóto]] epái ya libosó ya [[monɔkɔ]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Eténi ya nzóto]] [[ar:سن]] [[bn:দাঁত]] [[cs:Zub]] [[da:Tand]] [[de:Zahn]] [[en:Tooth]] [[eo:Dento]] [[es:Diente]] [[fi:Hammas]] [[fr:Dent]] [[he:שן]] [[hr:Zub]] [[id:Gigi]] [[is:Tönn]] [[it:Dente (anatomia)]] [[ja:歯]] [[ko:이 (몸)]] [[lt:Dantis]] [[mk:Заб]] [[nah:Tlantli]] [[nap:Diente]] [[nl:Tand]] [[no:Tann]] [[pdc:Zaah]] [[pl:Ząb (stomatologia)]] [[pt:Dente]] [[ru:Зуб]] [[simple:Tooth]] [[sk:Zub]] [[sl:Zob]] [[sr:Зуб]] [[sv:Tänder]] [[th:ฟัน]] [[uk:Зуби]] [[zh:牙齒]] [[zh-min-nan:Chhùi-khí]] 9955 2006-12-11T21:49:17Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: cy, el, la, nrm, qu, su, tr [[Image:Virtual teeth smile.png|thumb|Mǐno o ntéi ya monɔkɔ mwa moto.]] '''Mǐno''' bazalí biténi ya [[nzóto]] epái ya libosó ya [[monɔkɔ]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Eténi ya nzóto]] [[ar:سن]] [[bn:দাঁত]] [[cs:Zub]] [[cy:Dant]] [[da:Tand]] [[de:Zahn]] [[el:Δόντι]] [[en:Tooth]] [[eo:Dento]] [[es:Diente]] [[fi:Hammas]] [[fr:Dent]] [[he:שן]] [[hr:Zub]] [[id:Gigi]] [[is:Tönn]] [[it:Dente (anatomia)]] [[ja:歯]] [[ko:이 (몸)]] [[la:Dentes]] [[lt:Dantis]] [[mk:Заб]] [[nah:Tlantli]] [[nap:Diente]] [[nl:Tand]] [[no:Tann]] [[nrm:Dent]] [[pdc:Zaah]] [[pl:Ząb (stomatologia)]] [[pt:Dente]] [[qu:Kiru]] [[ru:Зуб]] [[simple:Tooth]] [[sk:Zub]] [[sl:Zob]] [[sr:Зуб]] [[su:Huntu]] [[sv:Tänder]] [[th:ฟัน]] [[tr:Diş Fırçalama]] [[uk:Зуби]] [[zh:牙齒]] [[zh-min-nan:Chhùi-khí]] User:BOT-Superzerocool 2508 8941 2006-07-22T05:30:05Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 Hi... I'm a interwiki bot... My master come from es.wikipedia and is sysop in here. Please help me if I miss a interwiki. === My Master's Contact === * Wikipedia: [[:es:User:Superzerocool|User:Superzerocool]] * IRC : wikipedia-es 21.00~24.00 (GMT -4) * Meta: [[:m:User:Superzerocool|User:Superzerocool]] == Where am I? == {|border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 1em; padding: 0.5em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;{{{1|}}}" |-style="background-color:#70C8FF; text-align: center; font-weight: Bold" |Código<br>''(code)'' || Aprobado<br>''(Can I do?)'' || Usuario<br>''(User)'' || Contribuciones<br>''(Contributions)'' |- |[[:es:]] || [[Image:Fairytale apply.png|20px]] || [[:es:Usuario:BOT-Superzerocool|Usuario:BOT-Superzerocool]] || [[:es: Special:Contributions/BOT-Superzerocool|es.wikipedia]] |- |[[:en:]] || Con Condiciones || [[:en:User:BOT-Superzerocool|User:BOT-Superzerocool]] || [[:en:Special:Contributions/BOT-Superzerocool|en.wikipedia]] |- |[[:lad:]] || [[Image:Fairytale apply.png|20px]] || [[:lad:User:Superzerocool|User:Superzerocool]] || [[:lad:Special:Contributions/Superzerocool|lad.wikipedia]] |- |[[:ht:]] || [[Image:Fairytale apply.png|20px]] || [[:ht:User:Superzerocool|User:Superzerocool]] || [[:ht:Special:Contributions/Superzerocool|ht.wikipedia]] |- |[[:ilo:]] || [[Image:Fairytale apply.png|20px]] || [[:ilo:User:Superzerocool|User:Superzerocool]] || [[:ilo:Special:Contributions/Superzerocool|ilo.wikipedia]] |- |[[:et:]] || [[Image:Fairytale apply.png|20px]] || [[:et:User:Superzerocool|User:Superzerocool]] || [[:et:Special:Contributions/Superzerocool|et.wikipedia]] |- |[[:ca:]] || [[Image:Fairytale apply.png|20px]] || [[:ca:User:BOT-Superzerocool|User:BOT-Superzerocool]] || [[:ca:Special:Contributions/BOT-Superzerocool|ca.wikipedia]] |- |[[:de:]] || [[Image:Fairytale apply.png|20px]] || [[:de:User:Superzerocool|User:Superzerocool]] || [[:de:Special:Contributions/Superzerocool|de.wikipedia]] |- |[[:pt:]] || [[Image:Fairytale apply.png|20px]] || [[:pt:User:BOT-Superzerocool|User:BOT-Superzerocool]] || [[:pt:Special:Contributions/BOT-Superzerocool|pt.wikipedia]] |- |[[:nl:]] || [[Image:Fairytale apply.png|20px]] || [[:nl:User:BOT-Superzerocool|User:BOT-Superzerocool]] || [[:nl:Special:Contributions/BOT-Superzerocool|nl.wikipedia]] |- |[[:ja:]] || [[Image:Fairytale apply.png|20px]] || [[:ja:User:BOT-Superzerocool|User:BOT-Superzerocool]] || [[:ja:Special:Contributions/BOT-Superzerocool|ja.wikipedia]] |- |[[:fr:]] || Request || [[:fr:User:BOT-Superzerocool|User:BOT-Superzerocool]] || [[:fr:Special:Contributions/BOT-Superzerocool|fr.wikipedia]] |- |[[:fiu-vro:]] || Meta Request || [[:fiu-vro:User:Superzerocool|User:Superzerocool]] || [[:fiu-vro:Special:Contributions/Superzerocool|fiu-vro.wikipedia]] |} 8942 2006-07-22T05:47:14Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: ca, ceb, co, de, en, es, et, fiu-vro, ha, ht, ilo, ja, jbo, lad, lmo, mg, nl, pam, pt, se, tpi, war Hi... I'm a interwiki bot... My master come from es.wikipedia and is sysop in here. Please help me if I miss a interwiki. === My Master's Contact === * Wikipedia: [[:es:User:Superzerocool|User:Superzerocool]] * IRC : wikipedia-es 21.00~24.00 (GMT -4) * Meta: [[:m:User:Superzerocool|User:Superzerocool]] == Where am I? == {|border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 1em; padding: 0.5em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;{{{1|}}}" |-style="background-color:#70C8FF; text-align: center; font-weight: Bold" |Código<br>''(code)'' || Aprobado<br>''(Can I do?)'' || Usuario<br>''(User)'' || Contribuciones<br>''(Contributions)'' |- |[[:es:]] || [[Image:Fairytale apply.png|20px]] || [[:es:Usuario:BOT-Superzerocool|Usuario:BOT-Superzerocool]] || [[:es: Special:Contributions/BOT-Superzerocool|es.wikipedia]] |- |[[:en:]] || Con Condiciones || [[:en:User:BOT-Superzerocool|User:BOT-Superzerocool]] || [[:en:Special:Contributions/BOT-Superzerocool|en.wikipedia]] |- |[[:lad:]] || [[Image:Fairytale apply.png|20px]] || [[:lad:User:Superzerocool|User:Superzerocool]] || [[:lad:Special:Contributions/Superzerocool|lad.wikipedia]] |- |[[:ht:]] || [[Image:Fairytale apply.png|20px]] || [[:ht:User:Superzerocool|User:Superzerocool]] || [[:ht:Special:Contributions/Superzerocool|ht.wikipedia]] |- |[[:ilo:]] || [[Image:Fairytale apply.png|20px]] || [[:ilo:User:Superzerocool|User:Superzerocool]] || [[:ilo:Special:Contributions/Superzerocool|ilo.wikipedia]] |- |[[:et:]] || [[Image:Fairytale apply.png|20px]] || [[:et:User:Superzerocool|User:Superzerocool]] || [[:et:Special:Contributions/Superzerocool|et.wikipedia]] |- |[[:ca:]] || [[Image:Fairytale apply.png|20px]] || [[:ca:User:BOT-Superzerocool|User:BOT-Superzerocool]] || [[:ca:Special:Contributions/BOT-Superzerocool|ca.wikipedia]] |- |[[:de:]] || [[Image:Fairytale apply.png|20px]] || [[:de:User:Superzerocool|User:Superzerocool]] || [[:de:Special:Contributions/Superzerocool|de.wikipedia]] |- |[[:pt:]] || [[Image:Fairytale apply.png|20px]] || [[:pt:User:BOT-Superzerocool|User:BOT-Superzerocool]] || [[:pt:Special:Contributions/BOT-Superzerocool|pt.wikipedia]] |- |[[:nl:]] || [[Image:Fairytale apply.png|20px]] || [[:nl:User:BOT-Superzerocool|User:BOT-Superzerocool]] || [[:nl:Special:Contributions/BOT-Superzerocool|nl.wikipedia]] |- |[[:ja:]] || [[Image:Fairytale apply.png|20px]] || [[:ja:User:BOT-Superzerocool|User:BOT-Superzerocool]] || [[:ja:Special:Contributions/BOT-Superzerocool|ja.wikipedia]] |- |[[:fr:]] || Request || [[:fr:User:BOT-Superzerocool|User:BOT-Superzerocool]] || [[:fr:Special:Contributions/BOT-Superzerocool|fr.wikipedia]] |- |[[:fiu-vro:]] || Meta Request || [[:fiu-vro:User:Superzerocool|User:Superzerocool]] || [[:fiu-vro:Special:Contributions/Superzerocool|fiu-vro.wikipedia]] |} [[ca:Usuari:BOT-Superzerocool]] [[ceb:User:Superzerocool]] [[co:User:BOT-Superzerocool]] [[de:Benutzer:Superzerocool]] [[en:User:BOT-Superzerocool]] [[es:Usuario:BOT-Superzerocool]] [[et:Kasutaja:Superzerocool]] [[fiu-vro:User:Superzerocool]] [[ha:User:BOT-Superzerocool]] [[ht:User:Superzerocool]] [[ilo:User:Superzerocool]] [[ja:利用者:BOT-Superzerocool]] [[jbo:User:BOT-Superzerocool]] [[lad:User:Superzerocool]] [[lmo:User:BOT-Superzerocool]] [[mg:User:BOT-Superzerocool]] [[nl:Gebruiker:BOT-Superzerocool]] [[pam:User:BOT-Superzerocool]] [[pt:Usuário:BOT-Superzerocool]] [[se:User:BOT-Superzerocool]] [[tpi:User:BOT-Superzerocool]] [[war:User:BOT-Superzerocool]] 9934 2006-12-08T12:24:14Z 160.85.2.50 cat Hi... I'm a interwiki bot... My master come from es.wikipedia and is sysop in here. Please help me if I miss a interwiki. === My Master's Contact === * Wikipedia: [[:es:User:Superzerocool|User:Superzerocool]] * IRC : wikipedia-es 21.00~24.00 (GMT -4) * Meta: [[:m:User:Superzerocool|User:Superzerocool]] == Where am I? == {|border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 1em; padding: 0.5em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;{{{1|}}}" |-style="background-color:#70C8FF; text-align: center; font-weight: Bold" |Código<br>''(code)'' || Aprobado<br>''(Can I do?)'' || Usuario<br>''(User)'' || Contribuciones<br>''(Contributions)'' |- |[[:es:]] || [[Image:Fairytale apply.png|20px]] || [[:es:Usuario:BOT-Superzerocool|Usuario:BOT-Superzerocool]] || [[:es: Special:Contributions/BOT-Superzerocool|es.wikipedia]] |- |[[:en:]] || Con Condiciones || [[:en:User:BOT-Superzerocool|User:BOT-Superzerocool]] || [[:en:Special:Contributions/BOT-Superzerocool|en.wikipedia]] |- |[[:lad:]] || [[Image:Fairytale apply.png|20px]] || [[:lad:User:Superzerocool|User:Superzerocool]] || [[:lad:Special:Contributions/Superzerocool|lad.wikipedia]] |- |[[:ht:]] || [[Image:Fairytale apply.png|20px]] || [[:ht:User:Superzerocool|User:Superzerocool]] || [[:ht:Special:Contributions/Superzerocool|ht.wikipedia]] |- |[[:ilo:]] || [[Image:Fairytale apply.png|20px]] || [[:ilo:User:Superzerocool|User:Superzerocool]] || [[:ilo:Special:Contributions/Superzerocool|ilo.wikipedia]] |- |[[:et:]] || [[Image:Fairytale apply.png|20px]] || [[:et:User:Superzerocool|User:Superzerocool]] || [[:et:Special:Contributions/Superzerocool|et.wikipedia]] |- |[[:ca:]] || [[Image:Fairytale apply.png|20px]] || [[:ca:User:BOT-Superzerocool|User:BOT-Superzerocool]] || [[:ca:Special:Contributions/BOT-Superzerocool|ca.wikipedia]] |- |[[:de:]] || [[Image:Fairytale apply.png|20px]] || [[:de:User:Superzerocool|User:Superzerocool]] || [[:de:Special:Contributions/Superzerocool|de.wikipedia]] |- |[[:pt:]] || [[Image:Fairytale apply.png|20px]] || [[:pt:User:BOT-Superzerocool|User:BOT-Superzerocool]] || [[:pt:Special:Contributions/BOT-Superzerocool|pt.wikipedia]] |- |[[:nl:]] || [[Image:Fairytale apply.png|20px]] || [[:nl:User:BOT-Superzerocool|User:BOT-Superzerocool]] || [[:nl:Special:Contributions/BOT-Superzerocool|nl.wikipedia]] |- |[[:ja:]] || [[Image:Fairytale apply.png|20px]] || [[:ja:User:BOT-Superzerocool|User:BOT-Superzerocool]] || [[:ja:Special:Contributions/BOT-Superzerocool|ja.wikipedia]] |- |[[:fr:]] || Request || [[:fr:User:BOT-Superzerocool|User:BOT-Superzerocool]] || [[:fr:Special:Contributions/BOT-Superzerocool|fr.wikipedia]] |- |[[:fiu-vro:]] || Meta Request || [[:fiu-vro:User:Superzerocool|User:Superzerocool]] || [[:fiu-vro:Special:Contributions/Superzerocool|fiu-vro.wikipedia]] |} [[Category:Wikipedia Bot]] [[ca:Usuari:BOT-Superzerocool]] [[ceb:User:Superzerocool]] [[co:User:BOT-Superzerocool]] [[de:Benutzer:Superzerocool]] [[en:User:BOT-Superzerocool]] [[es:Usuario:BOT-Superzerocool]] [[et:Kasutaja:Superzerocool]] [[fiu-vro:User:Superzerocool]] [[ha:User:BOT-Superzerocool]] [[ht:User:Superzerocool]] [[ilo:User:Superzerocool]] [[ja:利用者:BOT-Superzerocool]] [[jbo:User:BOT-Superzerocool]] [[lad:User:Superzerocool]] [[lmo:User:BOT-Superzerocool]] [[mg:User:BOT-Superzerocool]] [[nl:Gebruiker:BOT-Superzerocool]] [[pam:User:BOT-Superzerocool]] [[pt:Usuário:BOT-Superzerocool]] [[se:User:BOT-Superzerocool]] [[tpi:User:BOT-Superzerocool]] [[war:User:BOT-Superzerocool]] Template:Mokonzi wa ekólo 2509 8951 2006-07-24T16:04:52Z Bombo 12 {{Liste de Navigation avec image|IMAGE=[[image:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg|30px]] |TITRE=[[Mokonzi wa ekólo]] ya [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] |CONTENU= [[Joseph Kasavubu]]&nbsp;&#124; [[Mobutu Sese Seko]]&nbsp;&#124; [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]]&nbsp;&#124; [[Joseph Kabila]] }}<noinclude> [[Category:Template:Tat%C3%A1-mokonzi|K%C9%94%CC%81ng%C9%94_Demokratiki]] </noinclude> 8952 2006-07-24T16:06:38Z Bombo 12 {{Template&Image|IMAGE=[[image:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg|30px]] |TITRE=[[Mokonzi wa ekólo]] ya [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]] |CONTENU= [[Joseph Kasavubu]]&nbsp;&#124; [[Mobutu Sese Seko]]&nbsp;&#124; [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]]&nbsp;&#124; [[Joseph Kabila]] }}<noinclude> [[Category:Template:Tat%C3%A1-mokonzi|K%C9%94%CC%81ng%C9%94_Demokratiki]] </noinclude> 8955 2006-07-24T16:25:18Z Bombo 12 <br clear="all"/> {|align="center" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top: 2em; width: 80%; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em" |- bgcolor="#ccccff" | align="center" | '''[[Mokonzi wa ekólo]] ya [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' |- align="center" style="font-size: 90%;" | [[Joseph Kasavubu]]&nbsp;&#124; [[Mobutu Sese Seko]]&nbsp;&#124; [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]]&nbsp;&#124; [[Joseph Kabila]] |} 8959 2006-07-24T16:27:32Z Bombo 12 typo <br clear="all"/> {|align="center" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top: 2em; width: 80%; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em" |- bgcolor="#ccccff" | align="center" | '''[[Mokonzi wa ekólo]] ya [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' |- align="center" style="font-size: 90%;" | [[Joseph Kasa-Vubu]]&nbsp;&#124; [[Mobutu Sese Seko]]&nbsp;&#124; [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]]&nbsp;&#124; [[Joseph Kabila]] |} Template:Template&Image 2510 8953 2006-07-24T16:09:18Z Bombo 12 <div class="NavFrame"> <div class="NavPic">{{{IMAGE}}}</div> <div class="NavHead">{{{TITRE}}}</div> <div class="NavContent"> {{{CONTENU}}} </div> <div class="NavEnd">&nbsp;</div> </div><noinclude> <pre>Parameter: IMAGE = image, p.ex. Drapeau "[[image:XXX.png|50px|description]]" TITRE = Titre de la liste de navigation CONTENU = entre les divers liens, il faut écrire &amp;#124; (qui donne "|") "|" n'est pas iutilisable directement. </pre> [[br:Patrom:Taolenn verdeiñ skeudennet]] [[ca:Template:Navegació dinàmica amb imatge]] [[en:Template:Dynamic navigation box with image]] [[pl:Szablon:Szablon nawigacyjny z obrazkiem]] [[ro:Format:Navigaţie dinamică cu imagine]] </noinclude> 8954 2006-07-24T16:12:32Z Bombo 12 <div class="NavFrame" style="clear:both"> <div class="NavPic" style="position: relative; z-index: 1;">{{{IMAGE}}}</div> <div class="NavHead" style="z-index: 0; {{ #if: {{{COLOR|}}} | background: {{{COLOR}}} }}">{{{TITRE}}}</div> <div class="NavContent"> {{{CONTENU}}} </div> <div class="NavEnd">&nbsp;</div> </div><noinclude> <pre>Parametre: IMAGE = image, p.ex. Drapeau "[[image:XXX.png|50px|description]]" TITRE = Titre de la liste de navigation CONTENU = entre les divers liens, il faut écrire &amp;#124; (qui donne "|") "|" n'est pas iutilisable directement. </pre> [[br:Patrom:Taolenn verdeiñ skeudennet]] [[ca:Template:Navegació dinàmica amb imatge]] [[en:Template:Dynamic navigation box with image]] [[pl:Szablon:Szablon nawigacyjny z obrazkiem]] [[ro:Format:Navigaţie dinamică cu imagine]] </noinclude> Template:Yambo ya Bulamatari 2511 8961 2006-07-24T16:35:35Z Bombo 12 <br clear="all"/> {|align="center" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top: 2em; width: 80%; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em" |- bgcolor="#ccccff" | align="center" | '''[[Yambo ya Bulamatari]] ya [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]''' |- align="center" style="font-size: 90%;" | [[Patrice Lumumba|Patrice Lumumba]]&nbsp;&#124; [[Joseph Iléo]]&nbsp;&#124; [[Albert Ndele]]&nbsp;&#124; [[Justin Marie Bomboko]]&nbsp;&#124; [[Antoine Gizenga]]&nbsp;&#124; [[Joseph Iléo]]&nbsp;&#124; [[Cyrille Adoula]]&nbsp;&#124; [[Moise Tschombé]]&nbsp;&#124; [[Évariste Kimba]]&nbsp;&#124; [[Léonard Mulamba]]&nbsp;&#124; [[Mpinga Kasenda]]&nbsp;&#124; [[Bo-Boliko Lokonga Monse Mihambo]]&nbsp;&#124; [[Nguza Karl-I-Bond]]&nbsp;&#124; [[N'singa Udjuu Ongwabeki Untubu]]&nbsp;&#124; [[Kengo Wa Dondo]]&nbsp;&#124; [[Mabi Mulumba]]&nbsp;&#124; [[Sambwa Pida Nbagui]]&nbsp;&#124; [[Kengo Wa Dondo]]&nbsp;&#124; [[Lunda Bululu]]&nbsp;&#124; [[Mulumba Lukoji]]&nbsp;&#124; [[Etienne Tshisekedi]]&nbsp;&#124; [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]]&nbsp;&#124; [[Nguza Karl-I-Bond]]&nbsp;&#124; [[Etienne Tshisekedi]]&nbsp;&#124; [[Faustin Birindwa]]&nbsp;&#124; [[Kengo Wa Dondo]]&nbsp;&#124; [[Etienne Tshisekedi]]&nbsp;&#124; [[Likulia Bolongo]] |} Category:Namibia 2513 8964 2006-07-25T08:59:20Z Bombo 12 cat [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] 8982 2006-08-01T07:46:55Z Saforrest 80 interwiki [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[af:Kategorie:Namibië]] [[ar:تصنيف:ناميبيا]] [[bs:Kategorija:Namibija]] [[ca:Categoria:Namíbia]] [[cs:Kategorie:Namibie]] [[da:Kategori:Namibia]] [[de:Kategorie:Namibia]] [[en:Category:Namibia]] [[es:Categoría:Namibia]] [[eo:Kategorio:Namibio]] [[eu:Kategoria:Namibia]] [[fa:رده:نامیبیا]] [[fr:Catégorie:Namibie]] [[hu:Kategória:Namíbia]] [[ko:분류:나미비아]] [[io:Category:Namibia]] [[id:Kategori:Namibia]] [[it:Categoria:Namibia]] [[lt:Kategorija:Namibija]] [[nl:Categorie:Namibië]] [[ja:Category:ナミビア]] [[oc:Categoria:Namibia]] [[pl:Kategoria:Namibia]] [[pt:Categoria:Namíbia]] [[ru:Категория:Намибия]] [[sr:Категорија:Намибија]] [[sv:Kategori:Namibia]] [[sw:Category:Namibia]] [[wa:Categoreye:Namibeye]] [[zh:Category:纳米比亚]] 9424 2006-10-07T22:02:13Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: fi, gl, lb, no [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[af:Kategorie:Namibië]] [[ar:تصنيف:ناميبيا]] [[bs:Kategorija:Namibija]] [[ca:Categoria:Namíbia]] [[cs:Kategorie:Namibie]] [[da:Kategori:Namibia]] [[de:Kategorie:Namibia]] [[en:Category:Namibia]] [[eo:Kategorio:Namibio]] [[es:Categoría:Namibia]] [[eu:Kategoria:Namibia]] [[fa:رده:نامیبیا]] [[fi:Luokka:Namibia]] [[fr:Catégorie:Namibie]] [[gl:Category:Namibia]] [[hu:Kategória:Namíbia]] [[id:Kategori:Namibia]] [[io:Category:Namibia]] [[it:Categoria:Namibia]] [[ja:Category:ナミビア]] [[ko:분류:나미비아]] [[lb:Category:Namibien]] [[lt:Kategorija:Namibija]] [[nl:Categorie:Namibië]] [[no:Kategori:Namibia]] [[oc:Categoria:Namibia]] [[pl:Kategoria:Namibia]] [[pt:Categoria:Namíbia]] [[ru:Категория:Намибия]] [[sr:Категорија:Намибија]] [[sv:Kategori:Namibia]] [[sw:Category:Namibia]] [[wa:Categoreye:Namibeye]] [[zh:Category:纳米比亚]] 9887 2006-11-27T11:53:05Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[sk:Kategória:Namíbia]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[af:Kategorie:Namibië]] [[ar:تصنيف:ناميبيا]] [[bs:Kategorija:Namibija]] [[ca:Categoria:Namíbia]] [[cs:Kategorie:Namibie]] [[da:Kategori:Namibia]] [[de:Kategorie:Namibia]] [[en:Category:Namibia]] [[eo:Kategorio:Namibio]] [[es:Categoría:Namibia]] [[eu:Kategoria:Namibia]] [[fa:رده:نامیبیا]] [[fi:Luokka:Namibia]] [[fr:Catégorie:Namibie]] [[gl:Category:Namibia]] [[hu:Kategória:Namíbia]] [[id:Kategori:Namibia]] [[io:Category:Namibia]] [[it:Categoria:Namibia]] [[ja:Category:ナミビア]] [[ko:분류:나미비아]] [[lb:Category:Namibien]] [[lt:Kategorija:Namibija]] [[nl:Categorie:Namibië]] [[no:Kategori:Namibia]] [[oc:Categoria:Namibia]] [[pl:Kategoria:Namibia]] [[pt:Categoria:Namíbia]] [[ru:Категория:Намибия]] [[sk:Kategória:Namíbia]] [[sr:Категорија:Намибија]] [[sv:Kategori:Namibia]] [[sw:Category:Namibia]] [[wa:Categoreye:Namibeye]] [[zh:Category:纳米比亚]] 9899 2006-11-29T14:59:41Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[et:Kategooria:Namiibia]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[af:Kategorie:Namibië]] [[ar:تصنيف:ناميبيا]] [[bs:Kategorija:Namibija]] [[ca:Categoria:Namíbia]] [[cs:Kategorie:Namibie]] [[da:Kategori:Namibia]] [[de:Kategorie:Namibia]] [[en:Category:Namibia]] [[eo:Kategorio:Namibio]] [[es:Categoría:Namibia]] [[et:Kategooria:Namiibia]] [[eu:Kategoria:Namibia]] [[fa:رده:نامیبیا]] [[fi:Luokka:Namibia]] [[fr:Catégorie:Namibie]] [[gl:Category:Namibia]] [[hu:Kategória:Namíbia]] [[id:Kategori:Namibia]] [[io:Category:Namibia]] [[it:Categoria:Namibia]] [[ja:Category:ナミビア]] [[ko:분류:나미비아]] [[lb:Category:Namibien]] [[lt:Kategorija:Namibija]] [[nl:Categorie:Namibië]] [[no:Kategori:Namibia]] [[oc:Categoria:Namibia]] [[pl:Kategoria:Namibia]] [[pt:Categoria:Namíbia]] [[ru:Категория:Намибия]] [[sk:Kategória:Namíbia]] [[sr:Категорија:Намибија]] [[sv:Kategori:Namibia]] [[sw:Category:Namibia]] [[wa:Categoreye:Namibeye]] [[zh:Category:纳米比亚]] 10022 2006-12-20T19:05:21Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[vi:Thể loại:Namibia]] [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[af:Kategorie:Namibië]] [[ar:تصنيف:ناميبيا]] [[bs:Kategorija:Namibija]] [[ca:Categoria:Namíbia]] [[cs:Kategorie:Namibie]] [[da:Kategori:Namibia]] [[de:Kategorie:Namibia]] [[en:Category:Namibia]] [[eo:Kategorio:Namibio]] [[es:Categoría:Namibia]] [[et:Kategooria:Namiibia]] [[eu:Kategoria:Namibia]] [[fa:رده:نامیبیا]] [[fi:Luokka:Namibia]] [[fr:Catégorie:Namibie]] [[gl:Category:Namibia]] [[hu:Kategória:Namíbia]] [[id:Kategori:Namibia]] [[io:Category:Namibia]] [[it:Categoria:Namibia]] [[ja:Category:ナミビア]] [[ko:분류:나미비아]] [[lb:Category:Namibien]] [[lt:Kategorija:Namibija]] [[nl:Categorie:Namibië]] [[no:Kategori:Namibia]] [[oc:Categoria:Namibia]] [[pl:Kategoria:Namibia]] [[pt:Categoria:Namíbia]] [[ru:Категория:Намибия]] [[sk:Kategória:Namíbia]] [[sr:Категорија:Намибија]] [[sv:Kategori:Namibia]] [[sw:Category:Namibia]] [[vi:Thể loại:Namibia]] [[wa:Categoreye:Namibeye]] [[zh:Category:纳米比亚]] Category:Modèle RDC 2514 8965 2006-07-25T09:00:13Z Bombo 12 [[Category:Template]] Category:Modèle Afrique 2515 8966 2006-07-25T09:00:29Z Bombo 12 [[Category:Template]] Category:Template 2516 8967 2006-07-25T09:00:44Z Bombo 12 [[Category:Wikipedia]] User:Saforrest 2517 8978 2006-08-01T07:43:04Z Saforrest 80 {{babel-4|ln-0|en|fr-2|de-1}} [[de:Benutzer:Saforrest]] [[en:User:Saforrest]] [[fr:Utilisateur:Saforrest]] User:Andry 2518 9068 2006-08-05T21:48:34Z Andry 81 andry Hello! My name is Andry.<br> <br> ---- <br><br> to the owner of IP address 204.15.134.196, <br> please stop asking for new password.<br> this wikipedia account is not yours.<br> thank you.<br> <br><br> [[id:Pengguna:Andry]] User talk:Andry 2519 9069 2006-08-06T00:34:26Z Bombo 12 Mbɔ́tɛ ===Mbɔ́tɛ Andry!=== Boyéí bolámu na ebandélí ya wikipedia, búku ya libosó ya lingála sɔ́kí bolobaka lingála mpé sɔ́kí bokanísí éte búku ya lingála ekozala malámu, bokɛndɛ́ na kotámbola ya libosó. • Welcome to the lingála Wikipedia, Andry! --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 00:34, 6 ogusiti 2006 (UTC) Talk:Wikipedia 2520 9088 2006-08-09T10:12:01Z 160.85.2.50 à traduire :Wikipedia [ˌwɪkiˈpedia] est une encyclopédie libre, gratuite, universelle et multilingue, écrite collaborativement sur Internet, dans le respect de la neutralité de point de vue. Ce travail collaboratif est réalisé par des volontaires, sur un site Web (http://ln.wikipedia.org/ pour la version en linála) utilisant la technologie wiki, ce qui signifie que des articles peuvent y être ajoutés, complétés ou modifiés par toute personne possédant un accès au Web. 9089 2006-08-09T10:12:24Z 160.85.2.50 typo :Wikipedia [ˌwɪkiˈpedia] est une encyclopédie libre, gratuite, universelle et multilingue, écrite collaborativement sur Internet, dans le respect de la neutralité de point de vue. Ce travail collaboratif est réalisé par des volontaires, sur un site Web (http://ln.wikipedia.org/ pour la version en [[lingála]]) utilisant la technologie wiki, ce qui signifie que des articles peuvent y être ajoutés, complétés ou modifiés par toute personne possédant un accès au Web. 9090 2006-08-09T10:17:14Z 160.85.2.50 :Wikipedia [ˌwɪkiˈpedia] est une encyclopédie libre, gratuite, universelle et multilingue, écrite collaborativement sur Internet, dans le respect de la neutralité de point de vue. Ce travail collaboratif est réalisé par des volontaires, sur un site Web (http://ln.wikipedia.org/ pour la version en [[lingála]]) utilisant la technologie wiki, ce qui signifie que des articles peuvent y être ajoutés, complétés ou modifiés par toute personne possédant un accès au Web. * '''[[Multilingue]]''', avec des versions dans [[m:List of Wikipedias#All Wikipedias ordered by number of articles|229 langues au 23 avril 2006]] (dont 10 de plus de 100 000 articles). [[Image:Copyleft.svg|150px|thumb|right|Le C « inversé » est le symbole du [[copyleft]], par opposition au [[copyright]].]] Par ses objectifs et ses méthodes de travail, le projet Wikipédia découle d'une série de filiations culturelles : * l'esprit des [[Siècle des Lumières|Lumières]], favorable à la dissémination des connaissances, dont le modèle est l'[[Encyclopédie ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers]] de [[Denis Diderot]] et [[Jean le Rond d'Alembert|Jean d’Alembert]] ; * le concept du [[copyleft]], inventé par [[Don Hopkins]] et popularisé par [[Richard Stallman]] de la [[Free Software Foundation]], par lequel un auteur autorise l'utilisateur à copier, modifier et distribuer son œuvre, mais sous les mêmes conditions d'utilisation, y compris dans les versions modifiées ou étendues ; * la pratique du [[travail collaboratif]], développé notamment par les informaticiens adeptes du [[logiciel libre]] ; * l'[[anarchie]] comme modèle d'[[organisation]], conduisant à un [[égalitarisme]] radical où tout le monde peut modifier un texte et où personne n'a de pouvoir sur les autres ; * l'apport des [[sciences sociales]] dans la reconnaissance et l'analyse des influences sociales et des biais cognitifs à l'œuvre dans un travail de transcription des connaissances, d'où l'adoption du principe de [[neutralité de point de vue]]. Talk:H 2521 9093 2006-08-12T12:22:28Z Bombo 12 traductions "brut" de Dzokanga pour les articles chimiques Mbótɛ Ivo3 Dans la table que tu utilise, il y restent devant et derrière le | des termes en français. Voici quelques traductions "bruts" de Dzokanga, Adolphe: ''Dictionnaire sémantique illustré français-lingala''. 1979. qui pourrais t'aider pour les traductions des termes (je l'espère au moins). --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 12:22, 12 ogusiti 2006 (UTC) {| |- |atomique || ya atome |- |cristalline || ndenge ya misɛ |- |conducteur (corps) || etambwiseli |- |conducteur de chaleur || etambwiseli ya molunge |- |conducteur électrique || etambwiseli ya mobando |- |conductibilité || etambwisela (ya elunge; ya mobando) |- |configuration || lolenge ya ekolo; elongi ya nse; ya mokili |- |cubage || bomeki; bonɛnɛ |- |chaleur || molunge |- |échelle (escalier) || ngando; ebuteli; emateli |- |échelle (moyen de comparaison) || emekoli |- |échelle (série de division sur instrument) || bikakoli |- |échelle mobile de salaire || lifúta líkolanda ntalo ya bikɔlɔ |- |échelle (sociale) || bokesani ya bizalela ya bate |- |électricité || mobando |- |électrique || ya mobando; ya kura |- |élement (l'eau est l'élement du poisson) || (mai nazalí esika ya bomɔi ya mbisi ya kovanda |- |état (manière d'être) || ezalela; lolenge; motinda |- |fusion (liquéfaction) || bosondwi; bonyangani |- |fusion (réunion) || basangani |- |instable || na ngingi tɛ |- |kilogramme || bagrams nkoto |- |liste || molɔngo |- |lien || mokango; ekangeli; nsinga |- |matière || nzoto ya bilɔkɔ |- |matière première || bilɔkɔ bibeso |- |mètre || mɛtɛlɛ |- |masse (quantité) || bonɛnɛ |- |minute || miniti |- |métal || ebende |- |négativ || exoboyaka |- |nom || nkombo |- |numéro || numelo; motuya; motango |- |niveau (état) || sɛmbɛlɛ |- |niveau (altitude) || motɛlɛ |- |ordinaire (ordre établi) || ebɔngí na mobeko |- |ordianaire (usage habituel) || ebɔngí na miketa |- |pression (action) || bonyaɛ; bokamoli |- |pression athmosphérique || kilo; bozita ya mopɛpɛ |- |pression artérielle || bokasi ya mwebo; ngaya ya makila |- |potentiel || ekokí; kozalama |- |potentiel (force, puissance) || nguya; bokasi |- |son (vibration) || eyoki |- |son (bruit) || makɛlɛ |- |seconde || sekonde |- |stable (être ferme) || ngingi; ngenge; ngbi; makasi |- |stable (durable) || ebikaka; ekoumelaka |- |structure (de faire arrangé) || bobɔngisami; bolɛngɛlɛmi |- |structure (disposition) || boyangelami |- |température || emeko ya molunge to ya mpiɔ |- |thérmique || ya molunge |- |temps (mesure de durée) || eleko |- |unité (physique) || bomɔkɔ |- |vitesse || mbango |- |vapeur || mouli |- |vaporisation (action) || bolekisi ya mouli |} Category:Espania 2522 9095 2006-08-12T12:35:18Z Bombo 12 cat [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] 9829 2006-11-21T21:03:34Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: af, an, ar, ast, be, bg, br, bs, ca, ceb, cs, csb, cv, cy, da, de, el, en, eo, es, et, eu, fa, fi, fo, fr, frp, ga, gl, gv, he, hr, ht, hu, ia, id, io, is, it, ja, ka, ko, kw, la, lad, lb, li, lt, lv, mg, mi, mk, mr, na, nds, nl, nn, n [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[af:Kategorie:Spanje]] [[an:Categoría:España]] [[ar:تصنيف:إسبانيا]] [[ast:Categoría:España]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Гішпанія]] [[bg:Категория:Испания]] [[br:Rummad:Spagn]] [[bs:Kategorija:Španija]] [[ca:Categoria:Espanya]] [[ceb:Category:Espanya]] [[cs:Kategorie:Španělsko]] [[csb:Kategòrëjô:Szpańskô]] [[cv:Категори:Испани]] [[cy:Categori:Sbaen]] [[da:Kategori:Spanien]] [[de:Kategorie:Spanien]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Ισπανία]] [[en:Category:Spain]] [[eo:Kategorio:Hispanio]] [[es:Categoría:España]] [[et:Kategooria:Hispaania]] [[eu:Kategoria:Espainia]] [[fa:رده:اسپانیا]] [[fi:Luokka:Espanja]] [[fo:Bólkur:Spania]] [[fr:Catégorie:Espagne]] [[frp:Category:Èspagne]] [[ga:Catagóir:An Spáinn]] [[gl:Category:España]] [[gv:Category:Yn Spaainey]] [[he:קטגוריה:ספרד]] [[hr:Kategorija:Španjolska]] [[ht:Category:Espay]] [[hu:Kategória:Spanyolország]] [[ia:Categoria:Espania]] [[id:Kategori:Spanyol]] [[io:Category:Hispania]] [[is:Flokkur:Spánn]] [[it:Categoria:Spagna]] [[ja:Category:スペイン]] [[ka:კატეგორია:ესპანეთი]] [[ko:분류:에스파냐]] [[kw:Category:Spayn]] [[la:Categoria:Hispania]] [[lad:Category:Espanya]] [[lb:Category:Spuenien]] [[li:Kategorie:Spanje]] [[lt:Kategorija:Ispanija]] [[lv:Kategorija:Spānija]] [[mg:Category:Espaina]] [[mi:Category:Pāniora]] [[mk:Категорија:Шпанија]] [[mr:Category:स्पेन]] [[na:Category:Spain]] [[nds:Kategorie:Spanien]] [[nl:Categorie:Spanje]] [[nn:Kategori:Spania]] [[no:Kategori:Spania]] [[oc:Categoria:Espanha]] [[os:Категори:Испани]] [[pl:Kategoria:Hiszpania]] [[pt:Categoria:Espanha]] [[ro:Categorie:Spania]] [[ru:Категория:Испания]] [[ru-sib:Category:Еспання]] [[scn:Category:Spagna]] [[sco:Category:Spain]] [[sh:Category:Španija]] [[simple:Category:Spain]] [[sk:Kategória:Španielsko]] [[sl:Kategorija:Španija]] [[sq:Category:Spanjë]] [[sr:Категорија:Шпанија]] [[sv:Kategori:Spanien]] [[ta:பகுப்பு:ஸ்பெயின்]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:ประเทศสเปน]] [[tl:Category:Espanya]] [[tr:Kategori:İspanya]] [[uk:Категорія:Іспанія]] [[vi:Thể loại:Tây Ban Nha]] [[wa:Categoreye:Espagne]] [[war:Category:Espanya]] [[zh:Category:西班牙]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Se-pan-gâ]] [[zh-yue:Category:西班牙]] Grippe ya avian 2523 9098 2006-08-13T12:51:14Z 80.218.17.191 Redirecting to [[Grippe ya ndeke]] #redirect [[Grippe ya ndeke]] Kinshasa 2524 9107 2006-08-14T21:56:34Z Moyogo 11 [[Kinshasa]] moved to [[Kinsásá]]: ezalí kinsásá na lokótá lya lingála, lokóla kikɔngɔ́. #REDIRECT [[Kinsásá]] Brazzaville 2525 9110 2006-08-15T10:49:12Z Moyogo 11 '''Brazzaville''' ezalí mbóka-mokonzi ya Kɔngɔ́-Brazzaville. [[Category:Mbóka-mokonzi]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] 9324 2006-09-06T06:18:06Z Moyogo 11 '''Brazzaville''' ezalí [[mbóka-mokonzi]] ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. [[Category:Mbóka-mokonzi]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] 9325 2006-09-06T06:19:01Z Moyogo 11 interwiki '''Brazzaville''' ezalí [[mbóka-mokonzi]] ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. [[Category:Mbóka-mokonzi]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] [[en:Brazzaville]] [[fr:Brazzaville]] 9444 2006-10-10T05:03:52Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: am, ar, bs, da, de, eo, es, et, fa, fi, he, hr, hu, id, io, it, ja, kg, ko, lt, nl, nn, no, os, pl, pt, ru, sk, sv, sw, zh '''Brazzaville''' ezalí [[mbóka-mokonzi]] ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]]. [[Category:Mbóka-mokonzi]] [[Category:Kɔ́ngɔ-Brazzaville]] [[am:ብራዛቪል]] [[ar:برازافيل]] [[bs:Brazzaville]] [[da:Brazzaville]] [[de:Brazzaville]] [[en:Brazzaville]] [[eo:Brazavilo]] [[es:Brazzaville]] [[et:Brazzaville]] [[fa:برازاویل]] [[fi:Brazzaville]] [[fr:Brazzaville]] [[he:ברזוויל]] [[hr:Brazzaville]] [[hu:Brazzaville]] [[id:Brazzaville]] [[io:Brazzaville]] [[it:Brazzaville]] [[ja:ブラザヴィル]] [[kg:Braza]] [[ko:브라자빌]] [[lt:Brazavilis]] [[nl:Brazzaville]] [[nn:Brazzaville]] [[no:Brazzaville]] [[os:Браззавиль]] [[pl:Brazzaville]] [[pt:Brazzaville]] [[ru:Браззавиль]] [[sk:Brazzaville]] [[sv:Brazzaville]] [[sw:Brazzaville]] [[zh:布拉柴维尔]] Template:Abc 2526 9116 2006-08-15T12:17:40Z Bombo 12 ABC __NOTOC__ [[#A|A]] - [[#B|B]] - [[#C|C]] - [[#D|D]] - [[#E|E]] - [[#Ɛ|Ɛ]] - [[#F|F]] - [[#G|G]] - [[#Gb|Gb]] - [[#H|H]] - [[#I|I]] - [[#K|K]] - [[#L|L]] - [[#M|M]] - [[#Mb|Mb]] - [[#Mp|Mp]] - [[#N|N]] - [[#Nd|Nd]] - [[#Ng|Ng]] - [[#Nk|Nk]] - [[#Ns|Ns]] - [[#Nt|Nt]] - [[#Ny|Ny]] - [[#Nz|Nz]] - [[#O|O]] - [[#Ɔ|Ɔ]] - [[#P|P]] - [[#R|R]] - [[#S|S]] - [[#T|T]] - [[#U|U]] - [[#V|V]] - [[#W|W]] - [[#Y|Y]] - [[#Z|Z]] MediaWiki:Makebot-search 2528 9141 2006-08-19T14:00:06Z Bombo 12 kokɛndɛ kokɛndɛ MediaWiki:Table pager limit submit 2529 9142 2006-08-19T14:01:23Z Bombo 12 kokɛndɛ kokɛndɛ MediaWiki:Searchbutton 2530 9144 2006-08-19T14:04:19Z Bombo 12 Boluki Boluki User:Diamond 2531 9153 2006-08-23T19:53:03Z Diamond 83 {| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px; clear: right" |- | style="text-align: center" | '''[[Wikipedia:Babel]]''' |- | {{User el}} |- | {{User en-2}} |- | {{User ln-0}} |} Hello! I am from Greece and I don't speak Lingala. If you want to contact me, you can write in my [http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%B6%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7_%CF%87%CF%81%CE%AE%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7:Diamond talk page] in greek Wikipedia (in English or in Greek). [[el:Χρήστης:Diamond]] User talk:Diamond 2532 9154 2006-08-23T19:53:39Z Diamond 83 If you want to contact me, see my [[User:Diamond|user page]]. Template:User el 2533 9156 2006-08-24T15:15:32Z 80.218.17.191 Βαβέλ-M|el {{Βαβέλ-M|el|Αυτός ο χρήστης έχει ως '''[[:Κατηγορία:Χρήστης el-M|μητρική γλώσσα]]''' την '''[[:Κατηγορία:Χρήστης el|Ελληνική]]'''.}}<noinclude>[[Κατηγορία:Γλώσσες χρηστών]]</noinclude> 9157 2006-08-24T15:26:07Z 80.218.17.191 μητρική γλώσσα <div style="float:left;border:solid #6ef7a7 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#c5fcdc"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6ef7a7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''[[Ligresi|el]]'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em"> Αυτός ο χρήστης έχει ως '''[[:Category:User el-N|μητρική γλώσσα]]''' την '''[[:Category:User el|Ελληνική]]'''. [[Category:User el|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User el-N|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td> </tr></table></div> User:Vargenau 2534 9170 2006-08-26T19:26:17Z Vargenau 84 Bonjour, Je suis un Wikipédien français. Merci de me contacter sur [[:fr:Discussion_Utilisateur:Vargenau]]. Hello, I am a French Wikipedian. Please contact me on [[:fr:Discussion_Utilisateur:Vargenau]]. Hallo, Ich bin ein französischer Wikipedia Benutzer. Bitte gehen Sie zu : [[:fr:Discussion_Utilisateur:Vargenau]]. 9172 2006-08-26T20:09:29Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: af, als, am, an, ang, ar, ast, av, az, ba, be, bg, bm, bn, br, bs, ca, ceb, co, cs, csb, cv, cy, da, de, dv, el, en, eo, es, et, eu, fa, fi, fiu-vro, fo, fr, frp, fur, fy, ga, gd, gl, got, gu, he, hi, hr, ht, hu, hy, ia, id, ie, ilo, i Bonjour, Je suis un Wikipédien français. Merci de me contacter sur [[:fr:Discussion_Utilisateur:Vargenau]]. Hello, I am a French Wikipedian. Please contact me on [[:fr:Discussion_Utilisateur:Vargenau]]. Hallo, Ich bin ein französischer Wikipedia Benutzer. Bitte gehen Sie zu : [[:fr:Discussion_Utilisateur:Vargenau]]. [[af:Gebruiker:Vargenau]] [[als:Benutzer:Vargenau]] [[am:User:Vargenau]] [[an:Usuario:Vargenau]] [[ang:User:Vargenau]] [[ar:مستخدم:Vargenau]] [[ast:Usuariu:Vargenau]] [[av:Участник:Vargenau]] [[az:İstifadəçi:Vargenau]] [[ba:Участник:Vargenau]] [[be:Удзельнік:Vargenau]] [[bg:Потребител:Vargenau]] [[bm:Utilisateur:Vargenau]] [[bn:ব্যবহারকারী:Vargenau]] [[br:Implijer:Vargenau]] [[bs:Korisnik:Vargenau]] [[ca:Usuari:Vargenau]] [[ceb:User:Vargenau]] [[co:User:Vargenau]] [[cs:Wikipedista:Vargenau]] [[csb:Brëkòwnik:Vargenau]] [[cv:Хутшăнакан:Vargenau]] [[cy:Defnyddiwr:Vargenau]] [[da:Bruger:Vargenau]] [[de:Benutzer:Vargenau]] [[dv:User:Vargenau]] [[el:Χρήστης:Vargenau]] [[en:User:Vargenau]] [[eo:Vikipediisto:Vargenau]] [[es:Usuario:Vargenau]] [[et:Kasutaja:Vargenau]] [[eu:Lankide:Vargenau]] [[fa:کاربر:Vargenau]] [[fi:Käyttäjä:Vargenau]] [[fiu-vro:User:Vargenau]] [[fo:Brúkari:Vargenau]] [[fr:Utilisateur:Vargenau]] [[frp:User:Vargenau]] [[fur:Utent:Vargenau]] [[fy:Meidogger:Vargenau]] [[ga:Úsáideoir:Vargenau]] [[gd:User:Vargenau]] [[gl:User:Vargenau]] [[got:User:Vargenau]] [[gu:User:Vargenau]] [[he:משתמש:Vargenau]] [[hi:सदस्य:Vargenau]] [[hr:Suradnik:Vargenau]] [[ht:User:Vargenau]] [[hu:User:Vargenau]] [[hy:User:Vargenau]] [[ia:Usator:Vargenau]] [[id:Pengguna:Vargenau]] [[ie:User:Vargenau]] [[ilo:User:Vargenau]] [[io:User:Vargenau]] [[is:Notandi:Vargenau]] [[it:Utente:Vargenau]] [[ja:利用者:Vargenau]] [[jbo:User:Vargenau]] [[jv:Panganggo:Vargenau]] [[kg:User:Vargenau]] [[kn:ಸದಸ್ಯ:Vargenau]] [[ko:사용자:Vargenau]] [[ks:User:Vargenau]] [[ksh:User:Vargenau]] [[ku:Bikarhêner:Vargenau]] [[kw:User:Vargenau]] [[ky:User:Vargenau]] [[la:Usor:Vargenau]] [[lad:User:Vargenau]] [[lb:User:Vargenau]] [[li:Gebroeker:Vargenau]] [[lmo:User:Vargenau]] [[lt:Naudotojas:Vargenau]] [[lv:Lietotājs:Vargenau]] [[mg:User:Vargenau]] [[mi:User:Vargenau]] [[mk:Корисник:Vargenau]] [[ml:User:Vargenau]] [[mn:User:Vargenau]] [[mo:User:Vargenau]] [[mr:User:Vargenau]] [[ms:Pengguna:Vargenau]] [[mt:User:Vargenau]] [[my:User:Vargenau]] [[na:User:Vargenau]] [[nah:Usuario:Vargenau]] [[nap:Utente:Vargenau]] [[nds:Bruker:Vargenau]] [[nds-nl:Gebruker:Vargenau]] [[nl:Gebruiker:Vargenau]] [[nn:Brukar:Vargenau]] [[no:Bruker:Vargenau]] [[nrm:User:Vargenau]] [[oc:Utilisator:Vargenau]] [[os:Архайæг:Vargenau]] [[pam:User:Vargenau]] [[pdc:User:Vargenau]] [[pl:Wikipedysta:Vargenau]] [[pms:Utent:Vargenau]] [[pt:Usuário:Vargenau]] [[ro:Utilizator:Vargenau]] [[ru:Участник:Vargenau]] [[scn:User:Vargenau]] [[sco:User:Vargenau]] [[sg:User:Vargenau]] [[sh:User:Vargenau]] [[simple:User:Vargenau]] [[sk:Redaktor:Vargenau]] [[sl:Uporabnik:Vargenau]] [[sm:User:Vargenau]] [[sq:Përdoruesi:Vargenau]] [[sr:Корисник:Vargenau]] [[su:Pamaké:Vargenau]] [[sv:Användare:Vargenau]] [[sw:User:Vargenau]] [[ta:பயனர்:Vargenau]] [[te:సభ్యుడు:Vargenau]] [[tet:User:Vargenau]] [[th:ผู้ใช้:Vargenau]] [[tk:User:Vargenau]] [[tl:User:Vargenau]] [[tpi:User:Vargenau]] [[tr:Kullanıcı:Vargenau]] [[tt:Äğzä:Vargenau]] [[udm:Викиавтор:Vargenau]] [[ug:User:Vargenau]] [[uk:Користувач:Vargenau]] [[ur:User:Vargenau]] [[uz:User:Vargenau]] [[vi:Thành viên:Vargenau]] [[wa:Uzeu:Vargenau]] [[war:User:Vargenau]] [[wo:User:Vargenau]] [[yi:באַניצער:Vargenau]] [[zh:User:Vargenau]] [[zh-min-nan:User:Vargenau]] [[zh-yue:User:Vargenau]] 9176 2006-08-27T07:06:07Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: ps, qu, rm, rmy, sa, sc, se, vec Bonjour, Je suis un Wikipédien français. Merci de me contacter sur [[:fr:Discussion_Utilisateur:Vargenau]]. Hello, I am a French Wikipedian. Please contact me on [[:fr:Discussion_Utilisateur:Vargenau]]. Hallo, Ich bin ein französischer Wikipedia Benutzer. Bitte gehen Sie zu : [[:fr:Discussion_Utilisateur:Vargenau]]. [[af:Gebruiker:Vargenau]] [[als:Benutzer:Vargenau]] [[am:User:Vargenau]] [[an:Usuario:Vargenau]] [[ang:User:Vargenau]] [[ar:مستخدم:Vargenau]] [[ast:Usuariu:Vargenau]] [[av:Участник:Vargenau]] [[az:İstifadəçi:Vargenau]] [[ba:Участник:Vargenau]] [[be:Удзельнік:Vargenau]] [[bg:Потребител:Vargenau]] [[bm:Utilisateur:Vargenau]] [[bn:ব্যবহারকারী:Vargenau]] [[br:Implijer:Vargenau]] [[bs:Korisnik:Vargenau]] [[ca:Usuari:Vargenau]] [[ceb:User:Vargenau]] [[co:User:Vargenau]] [[cs:Wikipedista:Vargenau]] [[csb:Brëkòwnik:Vargenau]] [[cv:Хутшăнакан:Vargenau]] [[cy:Defnyddiwr:Vargenau]] [[da:Bruger:Vargenau]] [[de:Benutzer:Vargenau]] [[dv:User:Vargenau]] [[el:Χρήστης:Vargenau]] [[en:User:Vargenau]] [[eo:Vikipediisto:Vargenau]] [[es:Usuario:Vargenau]] [[et:Kasutaja:Vargenau]] [[eu:Lankide:Vargenau]] [[fa:کاربر:Vargenau]] [[fi:Käyttäjä:Vargenau]] [[fiu-vro:User:Vargenau]] [[fo:Brúkari:Vargenau]] [[fr:Utilisateur:Vargenau]] [[frp:User:Vargenau]] [[fur:Utent:Vargenau]] [[fy:Meidogger:Vargenau]] [[ga:Úsáideoir:Vargenau]] [[gd:User:Vargenau]] [[gl:User:Vargenau]] [[got:User:Vargenau]] [[gu:User:Vargenau]] [[he:משתמש:Vargenau]] [[hi:सदस्य:Vargenau]] [[hr:Suradnik:Vargenau]] [[ht:User:Vargenau]] [[hu:User:Vargenau]] [[hy:User:Vargenau]] [[ia:Usator:Vargenau]] [[id:Pengguna:Vargenau]] [[ie:User:Vargenau]] [[ilo:User:Vargenau]] [[io:User:Vargenau]] [[is:Notandi:Vargenau]] [[it:Utente:Vargenau]] [[ja:利用者:Vargenau]] [[jbo:User:Vargenau]] [[jv:Panganggo:Vargenau]] [[kg:User:Vargenau]] [[kn:ಸದಸ್ಯ:Vargenau]] [[ko:사용자:Vargenau]] [[ks:User:Vargenau]] [[ksh:User:Vargenau]] [[ku:Bikarhêner:Vargenau]] [[kw:User:Vargenau]] [[ky:User:Vargenau]] [[la:Usor:Vargenau]] [[lad:User:Vargenau]] [[lb:User:Vargenau]] [[li:Gebroeker:Vargenau]] [[lmo:User:Vargenau]] [[lt:Naudotojas:Vargenau]] [[lv:Lietotājs:Vargenau]] [[mg:User:Vargenau]] [[mi:User:Vargenau]] [[mk:Корисник:Vargenau]] [[ml:User:Vargenau]] [[mn:User:Vargenau]] [[mo:User:Vargenau]] [[mr:User:Vargenau]] [[ms:Pengguna:Vargenau]] [[mt:User:Vargenau]] [[my:User:Vargenau]] [[na:User:Vargenau]] [[nah:Usuario:Vargenau]] [[nap:Utente:Vargenau]] [[nds:Bruker:Vargenau]] [[nds-nl:Gebruker:Vargenau]] [[nl:Gebruiker:Vargenau]] [[nn:Brukar:Vargenau]] [[no:Bruker:Vargenau]] [[nrm:User:Vargenau]] [[oc:Utilisator:Vargenau]] [[os:Архайæг:Vargenau]] [[pam:User:Vargenau]] [[pdc:User:Vargenau]] [[pl:Wikipedysta:Vargenau]] [[pms:Utent:Vargenau]] [[ps:User:Vargenau]] [[pt:Usuário:Vargenau]] [[qu:Usuario:Vargenau]] [[rm:User:Vargenau]] [[rmy:Jeno:Vargenau]] [[ro:Utilizator:Vargenau]] [[ru:Участник:Vargenau]] [[sa:User:Vargenau]] [[sc:Utente:Vargenau]] [[scn:User:Vargenau]] [[sco:User:Vargenau]] [[se:User:Vargenau]] [[sg:User:Vargenau]] [[sh:User:Vargenau]] [[simple:User:Vargenau]] [[sk:Redaktor:Vargenau]] [[sl:Uporabnik:Vargenau]] [[sm:User:Vargenau]] [[sq:Përdoruesi:Vargenau]] [[sr:Корисник:Vargenau]] [[su:Pamaké:Vargenau]] [[sv:Användare:Vargenau]] [[sw:User:Vargenau]] [[ta:பயனர்:Vargenau]] [[te:సభ్యుడు:Vargenau]] [[tet:User:Vargenau]] [[th:ผู้ใช้:Vargenau]] [[tk:User:Vargenau]] [[tl:User:Vargenau]] [[tpi:User:Vargenau]] [[tr:Kullanıcı:Vargenau]] [[tt:Äğzä:Vargenau]] [[udm:Викиавтор:Vargenau]] [[ug:User:Vargenau]] [[uk:Користувач:Vargenau]] [[ur:User:Vargenau]] [[uz:User:Vargenau]] [[vec:Utente:Vargenau]] [[vi:Thành viên:Vargenau]] [[wa:Uzeu:Vargenau]] [[war:User:Vargenau]] [[wo:User:Vargenau]] [[yi:באַניצער:Vargenau]] [[zh:User:Vargenau]] [[zh-min-nan:User:Vargenau]] [[zh-yue:User:Vargenau]] 9326 2006-09-07T01:16:58Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: ab, ay, ka Modifie: ba Bonjour, Je suis un Wikipédien français. Merci de me contacter sur [[:fr:Discussion_Utilisateur:Vargenau]]. Hello, I am a French Wikipedian. Please contact me on [[:fr:Discussion_Utilisateur:Vargenau]]. Hallo, Ich bin ein französischer Wikipedia Benutzer. Bitte gehen Sie zu : [[:fr:Discussion_Utilisateur:Vargenau]]. [[ab:Участник:Vargenau]] [[af:Gebruiker:Vargenau]] [[als:Benutzer:Vargenau]] [[am:User:Vargenau]] [[an:Usuario:Vargenau]] [[ang:User:Vargenau]] [[ar:مستخدم:Vargenau]] [[ast:Usuariu:Vargenau]] [[av:Участник:Vargenau]] [[ay:Utilisateur:Vargenau]] [[az:İstifadəçi:Vargenau]] [[ba:Ҡатнашыусы:Vargenau]] [[be:Удзельнік:Vargenau]] [[bg:Потребител:Vargenau]] [[bm:Utilisateur:Vargenau]] [[bn:ব্যবহারকারী:Vargenau]] [[br:Implijer:Vargenau]] [[bs:Korisnik:Vargenau]] [[ca:Usuari:Vargenau]] [[ceb:User:Vargenau]] [[co:User:Vargenau]] [[cs:Wikipedista:Vargenau]] [[csb:Brëkòwnik:Vargenau]] [[cv:Хутшăнакан:Vargenau]] [[cy:Defnyddiwr:Vargenau]] [[da:Bruger:Vargenau]] [[de:Benutzer:Vargenau]] [[dv:User:Vargenau]] [[el:Χρήστης:Vargenau]] [[en:User:Vargenau]] [[eo:Vikipediisto:Vargenau]] [[es:Usuario:Vargenau]] [[et:Kasutaja:Vargenau]] [[eu:Lankide:Vargenau]] [[fa:کاربر:Vargenau]] [[fi:Käyttäjä:Vargenau]] [[fiu-vro:User:Vargenau]] [[fo:Brúkari:Vargenau]] [[fr:Utilisateur:Vargenau]] [[frp:User:Vargenau]] [[fur:Utent:Vargenau]] [[fy:Meidogger:Vargenau]] [[ga:Úsáideoir:Vargenau]] [[gd:User:Vargenau]] [[gl:User:Vargenau]] [[got:User:Vargenau]] [[gu:User:Vargenau]] [[he:משתמש:Vargenau]] [[hi:सदस्य:Vargenau]] [[hr:Suradnik:Vargenau]] [[ht:User:Vargenau]] [[hu:User:Vargenau]] [[hy:User:Vargenau]] [[ia:Usator:Vargenau]] [[id:Pengguna:Vargenau]] [[ie:User:Vargenau]] [[ilo:User:Vargenau]] [[io:User:Vargenau]] [[is:Notandi:Vargenau]] [[it:Utente:Vargenau]] [[ja:利用者:Vargenau]] [[jbo:User:Vargenau]] [[jv:Panganggo:Vargenau]] [[ka:მომხმარებელი:Vargenau]] [[kg:User:Vargenau]] [[kn:ಸದಸ್ಯ:Vargenau]] [[ko:사용자:Vargenau]] [[ks:User:Vargenau]] [[ksh:User:Vargenau]] [[ku:Bikarhêner:Vargenau]] [[kw:User:Vargenau]] [[ky:User:Vargenau]] [[la:Usor:Vargenau]] [[lad:User:Vargenau]] [[lb:User:Vargenau]] [[li:Gebroeker:Vargenau]] [[lmo:User:Vargenau]] [[lt:Naudotojas:Vargenau]] [[lv:Lietotājs:Vargenau]] [[mg:User:Vargenau]] [[mi:User:Vargenau]] [[mk:Корисник:Vargenau]] [[ml:User:Vargenau]] [[mn:User:Vargenau]] [[mo:User:Vargenau]] [[mr:User:Vargenau]] [[ms:Pengguna:Vargenau]] [[mt:User:Vargenau]] [[my:User:Vargenau]] [[na:User:Vargenau]] [[nah:Usuario:Vargenau]] [[nap:Utente:Vargenau]] [[nds:Bruker:Vargenau]] [[nds-nl:Gebruker:Vargenau]] [[nl:Gebruiker:Vargenau]] [[nn:Brukar:Vargenau]] [[no:Bruker:Vargenau]] [[nrm:User:Vargenau]] [[oc:Utilisator:Vargenau]] [[os:Архайæг:Vargenau]] [[pam:User:Vargenau]] [[pdc:User:Vargenau]] [[pl:Wikipedysta:Vargenau]] [[pms:Utent:Vargenau]] [[ps:User:Vargenau]] [[pt:Usuário:Vargenau]] [[qu:Usuario:Vargenau]] [[rm:User:Vargenau]] [[rmy:Jeno:Vargenau]] [[ro:Utilizator:Vargenau]] [[ru:Участник:Vargenau]] [[sa:User:Vargenau]] [[sc:Utente:Vargenau]] [[scn:User:Vargenau]] [[sco:User:Vargenau]] [[se:User:Vargenau]] [[sg:User:Vargenau]] [[sh:User:Vargenau]] [[simple:User:Vargenau]] [[sk:Redaktor:Vargenau]] [[sl:Uporabnik:Vargenau]] [[sm:User:Vargenau]] [[sq:Përdoruesi:Vargenau]] [[sr:Корисник:Vargenau]] [[su:Pamaké:Vargenau]] [[sv:Användare:Vargenau]] [[sw:User:Vargenau]] [[ta:பயனர்:Vargenau]] [[te:సభ్యుడు:Vargenau]] [[tet:User:Vargenau]] [[th:ผู้ใช้:Vargenau]] [[tk:User:Vargenau]] [[tl:User:Vargenau]] [[tpi:User:Vargenau]] [[tr:Kullanıcı:Vargenau]] [[tt:Äğzä:Vargenau]] [[udm:Викиавтор:Vargenau]] [[ug:User:Vargenau]] [[uk:Користувач:Vargenau]] [[ur:User:Vargenau]] [[uz:User:Vargenau]] [[vec:Utente:Vargenau]] [[vi:Thành viên:Vargenau]] [[wa:Uzeu:Vargenau]] [[war:User:Vargenau]] [[wo:User:Vargenau]] [[yi:באַניצער:Vargenau]] [[zh:User:Vargenau]] [[zh-min-nan:User:Vargenau]] [[zh-yue:User:Vargenau]] 9421 2006-10-06T01:39:49Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: aa, arc, diq, map-bms, pag, ru-sib, vo, zh-classical Bonjour, Je suis un Wikipédien français. Merci de me contacter sur [[:fr:Discussion_Utilisateur:Vargenau]]. Hello, I am a French Wikipedian. Please contact me on [[:fr:Discussion_Utilisateur:Vargenau]]. Hallo, Ich bin ein französischer Wikipedia Benutzer. Bitte gehen Sie zu : [[:fr:Discussion_Utilisateur:Vargenau]]. [[aa:User:Vargenau]] [[ab:Участник:Vargenau]] [[af:Gebruiker:Vargenau]] [[als:Benutzer:Vargenau]] [[am:User:Vargenau]] [[an:Usuario:Vargenau]] [[ang:User:Vargenau]] [[ar:مستخدم:Vargenau]] [[arc:User:Vargenau]] [[ast:Usuariu:Vargenau]] [[av:Участник:Vargenau]] [[ay:Utilisateur:Vargenau]] [[az:İstifadəçi:Vargenau]] [[ba:Ҡатнашыусы:Vargenau]] [[be:Удзельнік:Vargenau]] [[bg:Потребител:Vargenau]] [[bm:Utilisateur:Vargenau]] [[bn:ব্যবহারকারী:Vargenau]] [[br:Implijer:Vargenau]] [[bs:Korisnik:Vargenau]] [[ca:Usuari:Vargenau]] [[ceb:User:Vargenau]] [[co:User:Vargenau]] [[cs:Wikipedista:Vargenau]] [[csb:Brëkòwnik:Vargenau]] [[cv:Хутшăнакан:Vargenau]] [[cy:Defnyddiwr:Vargenau]] [[da:Bruger:Vargenau]] [[de:Benutzer:Vargenau]] [[diq:User:Vargenau]] [[dv:User:Vargenau]] [[el:Χρήστης:Vargenau]] [[en:User:Vargenau]] [[eo:Vikipediisto:Vargenau]] [[es:Usuario:Vargenau]] [[et:Kasutaja:Vargenau]] [[eu:Lankide:Vargenau]] [[fa:کاربر:Vargenau]] [[fi:Käyttäjä:Vargenau]] [[fiu-vro:User:Vargenau]] [[fo:Brúkari:Vargenau]] [[fr:Utilisateur:Vargenau]] [[frp:User:Vargenau]] [[fur:Utent:Vargenau]] [[fy:Meidogger:Vargenau]] [[ga:Úsáideoir:Vargenau]] [[gd:User:Vargenau]] [[gl:User:Vargenau]] [[got:User:Vargenau]] [[gu:User:Vargenau]] [[he:משתמש:Vargenau]] [[hi:सदस्य:Vargenau]] [[hr:Suradnik:Vargenau]] [[ht:User:Vargenau]] [[hu:User:Vargenau]] [[hy:User:Vargenau]] [[ia:Usator:Vargenau]] [[id:Pengguna:Vargenau]] [[ie:User:Vargenau]] [[ilo:User:Vargenau]] [[io:User:Vargenau]] [[is:Notandi:Vargenau]] [[it:Utente:Vargenau]] [[ja:利用者:Vargenau]] [[jbo:User:Vargenau]] [[jv:Panganggo:Vargenau]] [[ka:მომხმარებელი:Vargenau]] [[kg:User:Vargenau]] [[kn:ಸದಸ್ಯ:Vargenau]] [[ko:사용자:Vargenau]] [[ks:User:Vargenau]] [[ksh:User:Vargenau]] [[ku:Bikarhêner:Vargenau]] [[kw:User:Vargenau]] [[ky:User:Vargenau]] [[la:Usor:Vargenau]] [[lad:User:Vargenau]] [[lb:User:Vargenau]] [[li:Gebroeker:Vargenau]] [[lmo:User:Vargenau]] [[lt:Naudotojas:Vargenau]] [[lv:Lietotājs:Vargenau]] [[map-bms:User:Vargenau]] [[mg:User:Vargenau]] [[mi:User:Vargenau]] [[mk:Корисник:Vargenau]] [[ml:User:Vargenau]] [[mn:User:Vargenau]] [[mo:User:Vargenau]] [[mr:User:Vargenau]] [[ms:Pengguna:Vargenau]] [[mt:User:Vargenau]] [[my:User:Vargenau]] [[na:User:Vargenau]] [[nah:Usuario:Vargenau]] [[nap:Utente:Vargenau]] [[nds:Bruker:Vargenau]] [[nds-nl:Gebruker:Vargenau]] [[nl:Gebruiker:Vargenau]] [[nn:Brukar:Vargenau]] [[no:Bruker:Vargenau]] [[nrm:User:Vargenau]] [[oc:Utilisator:Vargenau]] [[os:Архайæг:Vargenau]] [[pag:User:Vargenau]] [[pam:User:Vargenau]] [[pdc:User:Vargenau]] [[pl:Wikipedysta:Vargenau]] [[pms:Utent:Vargenau]] [[ps:User:Vargenau]] [[pt:Usuário:Vargenau]] [[qu:Usuario:Vargenau]] [[rm:User:Vargenau]] [[rmy:Jeno:Vargenau]] [[ro:Utilizator:Vargenau]] [[ru:Участник:Vargenau]] [[ru-sib:User:Vargenau]] [[sa:User:Vargenau]] [[sc:Utente:Vargenau]] [[scn:User:Vargenau]] [[sco:User:Vargenau]] [[se:User:Vargenau]] [[sg:User:Vargenau]] [[sh:User:Vargenau]] [[simple:User:Vargenau]] [[sk:Redaktor:Vargenau]] [[sl:Uporabnik:Vargenau]] [[sm:User:Vargenau]] [[sq:Përdoruesi:Vargenau]] [[sr:Корисник:Vargenau]] [[su:Pamaké:Vargenau]] [[sv:Användare:Vargenau]] [[sw:User:Vargenau]] [[ta:பயனர்:Vargenau]] [[te:సభ్యుడు:Vargenau]] [[tet:User:Vargenau]] [[th:ผู้ใช้:Vargenau]] [[tk:User:Vargenau]] [[tl:User:Vargenau]] [[tpi:User:Vargenau]] [[tr:Kullanıcı:Vargenau]] [[tt:Äğzä:Vargenau]] [[udm:Викиавтор:Vargenau]] [[ug:User:Vargenau]] [[uk:Користувач:Vargenau]] [[ur:صارف:Vargenau]] [[uz:User:Vargenau]] [[vec:Utente:Vargenau]] [[vi:Thành viên:Vargenau]] [[vo:User:Vargenau]] [[wa:Uzeu:Vargenau]] [[war:User:Vargenau]] [[wo:User:Vargenau]] [[yi:באַניצער:Vargenau]] [[zh:User:Vargenau]] [[zh-classical:User:Vargenau]] [[zh-min-nan:User:Vargenau]] [[zh-yue:User:Vargenau]] 9510 2006-10-17T02:12:18Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: bo, chr, lij, nv, si Bonjour, Je suis un Wikipédien français. Merci de me contacter sur [[:fr:Discussion_Utilisateur:Vargenau]]. Hello, I am a French Wikipedian. Please contact me on [[:fr:Discussion_Utilisateur:Vargenau]]. Hallo, Ich bin ein französischer Wikipedia Benutzer. Bitte gehen Sie zu : [[:fr:Discussion_Utilisateur:Vargenau]]. [[aa:User:Vargenau]] [[ab:Участник:Vargenau]] [[af:Gebruiker:Vargenau]] [[als:Benutzer:Vargenau]] [[am:User:Vargenau]] [[an:Usuario:Vargenau]] [[ang:User:Vargenau]] [[ar:مستخدم:Vargenau]] [[arc:User:Vargenau]] [[ast:Usuariu:Vargenau]] [[av:Участник:Vargenau]] [[ay:Utilisateur:Vargenau]] [[az:İstifadəçi:Vargenau]] [[ba:Ҡатнашыусы:Vargenau]] [[be:Удзельнік:Vargenau]] [[bg:Потребител:Vargenau]] [[bm:Utilisateur:Vargenau]] [[bn:ব্যবহারকারী:Vargenau]] [[bo:User:Vargenau]] [[br:Implijer:Vargenau]] [[bs:Korisnik:Vargenau]] [[ca:Usuari:Vargenau]] [[ceb:User:Vargenau]] [[chr:User:Vargenau]] [[co:User:Vargenau]] [[cs:Wikipedista:Vargenau]] [[csb:Brëkòwnik:Vargenau]] [[cv:Хутшăнакан:Vargenau]] [[cy:Defnyddiwr:Vargenau]] [[da:Bruger:Vargenau]] [[de:Benutzer:Vargenau]] [[diq:User:Vargenau]] [[dv:User:Vargenau]] [[el:Χρήστης:Vargenau]] [[en:User:Vargenau]] [[eo:Vikipediisto:Vargenau]] [[es:Usuario:Vargenau]] [[et:Kasutaja:Vargenau]] [[eu:Lankide:Vargenau]] [[fa:کاربر:Vargenau]] [[fi:Käyttäjä:Vargenau]] [[fiu-vro:User:Vargenau]] [[fo:Brúkari:Vargenau]] [[fr:Utilisateur:Vargenau]] [[frp:User:Vargenau]] [[fur:Utent:Vargenau]] [[fy:Meidogger:Vargenau]] [[ga:Úsáideoir:Vargenau]] [[gd:User:Vargenau]] [[gl:User:Vargenau]] [[got:User:Vargenau]] [[gu:User:Vargenau]] [[he:משתמש:Vargenau]] [[hi:सदस्य:Vargenau]] [[hr:Suradnik:Vargenau]] [[ht:User:Vargenau]] [[hu:User:Vargenau]] [[hy:User:Vargenau]] [[ia:Usator:Vargenau]] [[id:Pengguna:Vargenau]] [[ie:User:Vargenau]] [[ilo:User:Vargenau]] [[io:User:Vargenau]] [[is:Notandi:Vargenau]] [[it:Utente:Vargenau]] [[ja:利用者:Vargenau]] [[jbo:User:Vargenau]] [[jv:Panganggo:Vargenau]] [[ka:მომხმარებელი:Vargenau]] [[kg:User:Vargenau]] [[kn:ಸದಸ್ಯ:Vargenau]] [[ko:사용자:Vargenau]] [[ks:User:Vargenau]] [[ksh:User:Vargenau]] [[ku:Bikarhêner:Vargenau]] [[kw:User:Vargenau]] [[ky:User:Vargenau]] [[la:Usor:Vargenau]] [[lad:User:Vargenau]] [[lb:User:Vargenau]] [[li:Gebroeker:Vargenau]] [[lij:User:Vargenau]] [[lmo:User:Vargenau]] [[lt:Naudotojas:Vargenau]] [[lv:Lietotājs:Vargenau]] [[map-bms:User:Vargenau]] [[mg:User:Vargenau]] [[mi:User:Vargenau]] [[mk:Корисник:Vargenau]] [[ml:User:Vargenau]] [[mn:User:Vargenau]] [[mo:User:Vargenau]] [[mr:User:Vargenau]] [[ms:Pengguna:Vargenau]] [[mt:User:Vargenau]] [[my:User:Vargenau]] [[na:User:Vargenau]] [[nah:Usuario:Vargenau]] [[nap:Utente:Vargenau]] [[nds:Bruker:Vargenau]] [[nds-nl:Gebruker:Vargenau]] [[nl:Gebruiker:Vargenau]] [[nn:Brukar:Vargenau]] [[no:Bruker:Vargenau]] [[nrm:User:Vargenau]] [[nv:Choinish'įįhí:Vargenau]] [[oc:Utilisator:Vargenau]] [[os:Архайæг:Vargenau]] [[pag:User:Vargenau]] [[pam:User:Vargenau]] [[pdc:User:Vargenau]] [[pl:Wikipedysta:Vargenau]] [[pms:Utent:Vargenau]] [[ps:User:Vargenau]] [[pt:Usuário:Vargenau]] [[qu:Usuario:Vargenau]] [[rm:User:Vargenau]] [[rmy:Jeno:Vargenau]] [[ro:Utilizator:Vargenau]] [[ru:Участник:Vargenau]] [[ru-sib:User:Vargenau]] [[sa:User:Vargenau]] [[sc:Utente:Vargenau]] [[scn:User:Vargenau]] [[sco:User:Vargenau]] [[se:User:Vargenau]] [[sg:User:Vargenau]] [[sh:User:Vargenau]] [[si:User:Vargenau]] [[simple:User:Vargenau]] [[sk:Redaktor:Vargenau]] [[sl:Uporabnik:Vargenau]] [[sm:User:Vargenau]] [[sq:Përdoruesi:Vargenau]] [[sr:Корисник:Vargenau]] [[su:Pamaké:Vargenau]] [[sv:Användare:Vargenau]] [[sw:User:Vargenau]] [[ta:பயனர்:Vargenau]] [[te:సభ్యుడు:Vargenau]] [[tet:User:Vargenau]] [[th:ผู้ใช้:Vargenau]] [[tk:User:Vargenau]] [[tl:User:Vargenau]] [[tpi:User:Vargenau]] [[tr:Kullanıcı:Vargenau]] [[tt:Äğzä:Vargenau]] [[udm:Викиавтор:Vargenau]] [[ug:User:Vargenau]] [[uk:Користувач:Vargenau]] [[ur:صارف:Vargenau]] [[uz:User:Vargenau]] [[vec:Utente:Vargenau]] [[vi:Thành viên:Vargenau]] [[vo:User:Vargenau]] [[wa:Uzeu:Vargenau]] [[war:User:Vargenau]] [[wo:User:Vargenau]] [[yi:באַניצער:Vargenau]] [[zh:User:Vargenau]] [[zh-classical:User:Vargenau]] [[zh-min-nan:User:Vargenau]] [[zh-yue:User:Vargenau]] 9778 2006-11-15T20:03:56Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: gn, iu, mh, ng, om Bonjour, Je suis un Wikipédien français. Merci de me contacter sur [[:fr:Discussion_Utilisateur:Vargenau]]. Hello, I am a French Wikipedian. Please contact me on [[:fr:Discussion_Utilisateur:Vargenau]]. Hallo, Ich bin ein französischer Wikipedia Benutzer. Bitte gehen Sie zu : [[:fr:Discussion_Utilisateur:Vargenau]]. [[aa:User:Vargenau]] [[ab:Участник:Vargenau]] [[af:Gebruiker:Vargenau]] [[als:Benutzer:Vargenau]] [[am:User:Vargenau]] [[an:Usuario:Vargenau]] [[ang:User:Vargenau]] [[ar:مستخدم:Vargenau]] [[arc:User:Vargenau]] [[ast:Usuariu:Vargenau]] [[av:Участник:Vargenau]] [[ay:Utilisateur:Vargenau]] [[az:İstifadəçi:Vargenau]] [[ba:Ҡатнашыусы:Vargenau]] [[be:Удзельнік:Vargenau]] [[bg:Потребител:Vargenau]] [[bm:Utilisateur:Vargenau]] [[bn:ব্যবহারকারী:Vargenau]] [[bo:User:Vargenau]] [[br:Implijer:Vargenau]] [[bs:Korisnik:Vargenau]] [[ca:Usuari:Vargenau]] [[ceb:User:Vargenau]] [[chr:User:Vargenau]] [[co:User:Vargenau]] [[cs:Wikipedista:Vargenau]] [[csb:Brëkòwnik:Vargenau]] [[cv:Хутшăнакан:Vargenau]] [[cy:Defnyddiwr:Vargenau]] [[da:Bruger:Vargenau]] [[de:Benutzer:Vargenau]] [[diq:User:Vargenau]] [[dv:User:Vargenau]] [[el:Χρήστης:Vargenau]] [[en:User:Vargenau]] [[eo:Vikipediisto:Vargenau]] [[es:Usuario:Vargenau]] [[et:Kasutaja:Vargenau]] [[eu:Lankide:Vargenau]] [[fa:کاربر:Vargenau]] [[fi:Käyttäjä:Vargenau]] [[fiu-vro:User:Vargenau]] [[fo:Brúkari:Vargenau]] [[fr:Utilisateur:Vargenau]] [[frp:User:Vargenau]] [[fur:Utent:Vargenau]] [[fy:Meidogger:Vargenau]] [[ga:Úsáideoir:Vargenau]] [[gd:User:Vargenau]] [[gl:User:Vargenau]] [[gn:Usuario:Vargenau]] [[got:User:Vargenau]] [[gu:User:Vargenau]] [[he:משתמש:Vargenau]] [[hi:सदस्य:Vargenau]] [[hr:Suradnik:Vargenau]] [[ht:User:Vargenau]] [[hu:User:Vargenau]] [[hy:User:Vargenau]] [[ia:Usator:Vargenau]] [[id:Pengguna:Vargenau]] [[ie:User:Vargenau]] [[ilo:User:Vargenau]] [[io:User:Vargenau]] [[is:Notandi:Vargenau]] [[it:Utente:Vargenau]] [[iu:User:Vargenau]] [[ja:利用者:Vargenau]] [[jbo:User:Vargenau]] [[jv:Panganggo:Vargenau]] [[ka:მომხმარებელი:Vargenau]] [[kg:User:Vargenau]] [[kn:ಸದಸ್ಯ:Vargenau]] [[ko:사용자:Vargenau]] [[ks:User:Vargenau]] [[ksh:Medmaacher:Vargenau]] [[ku:Bikarhêner:Vargenau]] [[kw:User:Vargenau]] [[ky:User:Vargenau]] [[la:Usor:Vargenau]] [[lad:User:Vargenau]] [[lb:User:Vargenau]] [[li:Gebroeker:Vargenau]] [[lij:User:Vargenau]] [[lmo:User:Vargenau]] [[lt:Naudotojas:Vargenau]] [[lv:Lietotājs:Vargenau]] [[map-bms:User:Vargenau]] [[mg:User:Vargenau]] [[mh:User:Vargenau]] [[mi:User:Vargenau]] [[mk:Корисник:Vargenau]] [[ml:User:Vargenau]] [[mn:User:Vargenau]] [[mo:User:Vargenau]] [[mr:User:Vargenau]] [[ms:Pengguna:Vargenau]] [[mt:User:Vargenau]] [[my:User:Vargenau]] [[na:User:Vargenau]] [[nah:Usuario:Vargenau]] [[nap:Utente:Vargenau]] [[nds:Bruker:Vargenau]] [[nds-nl:Gebruker:Vargenau]] [[ng:User:Vargenau]] [[nl:Gebruiker:Vargenau]] [[nn:Brukar:Vargenau]] [[no:Bruker:Vargenau]] [[nrm:User:Vargenau]] [[nv:Choinish'įįhí:Vargenau]] [[oc:Utilisator:Vargenau]] [[om:User:Vargenau]] [[os:Архайæг:Vargenau]] [[pag:User:Vargenau]] [[pam:User:Vargenau]] [[pdc:User:Vargenau]] [[pl:Wikipedysta:Vargenau]] [[pms:Utent:Vargenau]] [[ps:User:Vargenau]] [[pt:Usuário:Vargenau]] [[qu:Usuario:Vargenau]] [[rm:User:Vargenau]] [[rmy:Jeno:Vargenau]] [[ro:Utilizator:Vargenau]] [[ru:Участник:Vargenau]] [[ru-sib:User:Vargenau]] [[sa:User:Vargenau]] [[sc:Utente:Vargenau]] [[scn:User:Vargenau]] [[sco:User:Vargenau]] [[se:User:Vargenau]] [[sg:User:Vargenau]] [[sh:User:Vargenau]] [[si:User:Vargenau]] [[simple:User:Vargenau]] [[sk:Redaktor:Vargenau]] [[sl:Uporabnik:Vargenau]] [[sm:User:Vargenau]] [[sq:Përdoruesi:Vargenau]] [[sr:Корисник:Vargenau]] [[su:Pamaké:Vargenau]] [[sv:Användare:Vargenau]] [[sw:User:Vargenau]] [[ta:பயனர்:Vargenau]] [[te:సభ్యుడు:Vargenau]] [[tet:User:Vargenau]] [[th:ผู้ใช้:Vargenau]] [[tk:User:Vargenau]] [[tl:User:Vargenau]] [[tpi:User:Vargenau]] [[tr:Kullanıcı:Vargenau]] [[tt:Äğzä:Vargenau]] [[udm:Викиавтор:Vargenau]] [[ug:User:Vargenau]] [[uk:Користувач:Vargenau]] [[ur:صارف:Vargenau]] [[uz:User:Vargenau]] [[vec:Utente:Vargenau]] [[vi:Thành viên:Vargenau]] [[vo:User:Vargenau]] [[wa:Uzeu:Vargenau]] [[war:User:Vargenau]] [[wo:User:Vargenau]] [[yi:באַניצער:Vargenau]] [[zh:User:Vargenau]] [[zh-classical:User:Vargenau]] [[zh-min-nan:User:Vargenau]] [[zh-yue:User:Vargenau]] User talk:Vargenau 2535 9171 2006-08-26T19:26:27Z Vargenau 84 Bonjour, Je suis un Wikipédien français. Merci de me contacter sur [[:fr:Discussion_Utilisateur:Vargenau]]. Hello, I am a French Wikipedian. Please contact me on [[:fr:Discussion_Utilisateur:Vargenau]]. Hallo, Ich bin ein französischer Wikipedia Benutzer. Bitte gehen Sie zu : [[:fr:Discussion_Utilisateur:Vargenau]]. Lifalansé 2536 9182 2006-08-27T19:56:00Z Moyogo 11 [[Lifalansé]] moved to [[Falansé]]: balobamí falansé #REDIRECT [[Falansé]] Template:User de-4 2537 9187 2006-08-28T18:48:18Z Bombo 12 de-4 {{Babel field 4| letter code size=1.5em| letter code=[[lialemani|de]]| text size=0.83em| text=Dieser Benutzer beherrscht '''[[:Category:User de|Deutsch]] auf [[:Category:User de-4|Muttersprache-Niveau]].'''}} [[Category:User de-4|{{PAGENAME}}]] 9188 2006-08-28T18:50:29Z Bombo 12 {{Babel field 4| letter code size=1.5em| letter code=[[lialemani|de]]| text size=0.83em| text=Dieser Benutzer beherrscht '''[[:Category:User de|Deutsch]] auf Muttersprache-Niveau]].'''}} [[Category:User de-4]] 9211 2006-08-30T23:02:17Z Bombo 12 <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''[[lialémani|de]]-4'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Dieser Benutzer hat '''[[:Category:User de|Deutschkenntnisse]] auf '''[[:Category:User de-4|Muttersprachniveau]]''' .'''[[Category:User de|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User de-4|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td> </tr></table></div> 9212 2006-08-30T23:03:26Z Bombo 12 <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''[[lialémani|de]]-4'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Dieser Benutzer hat '''[[:Category:User de|Deutsch- kenntnisse]] auf '''[[:Category:User de-4|Muttersprachniveau]]''' .'''[[Category:User de|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User de-4|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td> </tr></table></div> Template:User cs 2538 9198 2006-08-30T22:34:45Z Bombo 12 sika <onlyinclude> <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Czech|cs]]''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Tomuto uživateli je '''[[:Category:User cs|čeština]] [[:Category:User cs-N|mateřským jazykem]]'''.[[Category:User cs-N|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:User cs|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> </onlyinclude> Template:User ru-1 2539 9199 2006-08-30T22:36:17Z Bombo 12 sika <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Russian |ru]]-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Этот участник владеет '''[[:Category:User ru|русским языком]]''' на '''[[:Category:User ru-1|начальном уровне]]'''. [[Category:User ru|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User ru-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> Template:User la-1 2540 9200 2006-08-30T22:37:47Z Bombo 12 sika <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt;white-space:pre" | '''[[Latin|la]]-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Hic / haec usor '''[[:Category:User la-1|simplice]]''' '''[[:Category:User la|latinitate]]''' contribuere potest.[[Category:User la|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User la-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> Category:User ru 2541 9201 2006-08-30T22:39:24Z Bombo 12 cat [[Category:Wikipediens par langue]] Category:User cs 2542 9202 2006-08-30T22:39:55Z Bombo 12 kat [[Category:Wikipediens par langue]] Category:User la 2543 9203 2006-08-30T22:40:38Z Bombo 12 kat [[Category:Wikipediens par langue]] Category:User cs-N 2544 9204 2006-08-30T22:42:59Z Bombo 12 [[Category:User cs-N]] 9205 2006-08-30T22:43:48Z Bombo 12 [[Category:User cs]] Category:User ru-1 2545 9206 2006-08-30T22:45:49Z Bombo 12 [[Category:User ru]] Category:User la-1 2546 9207 2006-08-30T22:46:18Z Bombo 12 [[Category:User la]] Category:User de-4 2547 9210 2006-08-30T22:59:52Z Bombo 12 [[Category:User de]] MediaWiki:Expand templates ok 2548 9215 2006-08-31T10:16:56Z Bombo 12 Nandimi Nzembo 2549 9218 2006-08-31T10:54:02Z Bombo 12 {{ndámbo}} {{KimokristoS}} [[Image:Psałterz florianski1.jpg|left|thumb|250px|Page d'un ancien Psaltère de Florence (Italie) (Nzembo 1).]] Na monoko ya [[ligresi]] babengaka '''banzembo''' óyo Ψαλμοί (=psalmoi; [[hebreu]]: תהילים =tehilim; [[falansé]]: psaume). [[Yésu|Yezu]] ayembaki banzemo óyo. Azalaki kosalela yango po nakopesa mateya, to po na losambo na ye moko. Bantoma pe bazalaki kosala ndenge moko. Yango wana banzembo etikalá tii lelo esika biso bakrísto tokoki kokuta maloba ya kokoka óyo tokoki kozwa po nakosolola na [[Nzámbe]]. ==Tála mpé== ===Wikipedia=== *[[Biblíya]] ===Babúku=== *Biblíya ISBN 0966-84330-2 *Biblíya ISBN 9966-40-879-7 ABRDC-ABU, 2004 ===Nkásá o libándá=== *[http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt2601.htm Voweled Hebrew and 1917 JPS translation]- includes [[MP3]] files of chapters read in Hebrew [[Category:Boklísto]] 9220 2006-08-31T11:01:59Z Bombo 12 interwiki {{ndámbo}} {{KimokristoS}} [[Image:Psałterz florianski1.jpg|left|thumb|250px|Page d'un ancien Psaltère de Florence (Italie) (Nzembo 1).]] Na monoko ya [[ligresi]] babengaka '''banzembo''' óyo Ψαλμοί (=psalmoi; [[hebreu]]: תהילים =tehilim; [[falansé]]: psaume). [[Yésu|Yezu]] ayembaki banzemo óyo. Azalaki kosalela yango po nakopesa mateya, to po na losambo na ye moko. Bantoma pe bazalaki kosala ndenge moko. Yango wana banzembo etikalá tii lelo esika biso [[bakrísto]] tokoki kokuta maloba ya kokoka óyo tokoki kozwa po nakosolola na [[Nzámbe]]. ==Tála mpé== ===Wikipedia=== *[[Biblíya]] ===Babúku=== *Biblíya ISBN 0966-84330-2 *Biblíya ISBN 9966-40-879-7 ABRDC-ABU, 2004 ===Nkásá o libándá=== *[http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt2601.htm Voweled Hebrew and 1917 JPS translation]- includes [[MP3]] files of chapters read in Hebrew [[Category:Boklísto]] [[cs:Kniha žalmů]] [[de:Psalm]] [[en:Psalms]] [[eo:Psalmo]] [[es:Salmos]] [[fi:Psalmien kirja]] [[fr:Livre des Psaumes]] [[he:תהילים]] [[id:Mazmur]] [[it:Salmi]] [[ja:詩篇]] [[jv:Masmur]] [[ko:시편]] [[la:Liber Psalmorum]] [[nl:Psalmen]] [[nn:Salmane]] [[no:Salmenes bok]] [[nrm:Sieaume]] [[pl:Księga Psalmów]] [[pt:Salmos]] [[ru:Псалом]] [[sk:Kniha žalmov]] [[sl:Psalm]] [[sr:Псалми]] [[sv:Psaltaren]] [[zh:詩篇]] 9221 2006-08-31T11:10:14Z Bombo 12 {{ndámbo}} {{KimokristoS}} [[Image:Psałterz florianski1.jpg|left|thumb|250px|Page d'un ancien Psaltère de Florence (Italie) (Nzembo 1).]] Na monoko ya [[ligresi]] babengaka '''banzembo''' óyo Ψαλμοί (=psalmoi; תהילים =tehilim na lokótá [[hebreu]]; psaume na lokótá [[falansé]]). [[Yésu|Yezu]] ayembaki banzemo óyo. Azalaki kosalela yango po nakopesa mateya, to po na losambo na ye moko. Bantoma pe bazalaki kosala ndenge moko. Yango wana banzembo etikalá tii lelo esika biso [[bakrísto]] tokoki kokuta maloba ya kokoka óyo tokoki kozwa po nakosolola na [[Nzámbe]]. ==Tála mpé== ===Wikipedia=== *[[Biblíya]] ===Babúku=== *Biblíya ISBN 0966-84330-2 *Biblíya ISBN 9966-40-879-7 ABRDC-ABU, 2004 ===Nkásá o libándá=== *[http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt2601.htm Voweled Hebrew and 1917 JPS translation]- includes [[MP3]] files of chapters read in Hebrew [[Category:Boklísto]] [[cs:Kniha žalmů]] [[de:Psalm]] [[en:Psalms]] [[eo:Psalmo]] [[es:Salmos]] [[fi:Psalmien kirja]] [[fr:Livre des Psaumes]] [[he:תהילים]] [[id:Mazmur]] [[it:Salmi]] [[ja:詩篇]] [[jv:Masmur]] [[ko:시편]] [[la:Liber Psalmorum]] [[nl:Psalmen]] [[nn:Salmane]] [[no:Salmenes bok]] [[nrm:Sieaume]] [[pl:Księga Psalmów]] [[pt:Salmos]] [[ru:Псалом]] [[sk:Kniha žalmov]] [[sl:Psalm]] [[sr:Псалми]] [[sv:Psaltaren]] [[zh:詩篇]] 9223 2006-08-31T11:15:48Z Bombo 12 typo {{ndámbo}} {{KimokristoS}} [[Image:Psałterz florianski1.jpg|left|thumb|250px|Page d'un ancien Psaltère de Florence (Italie) (Nzembo 1).]] Na monoko ya [[ligresi]] babengaka '''banzembo''' óyo Ψαλμοί (=psalmoi; תהילים =tehilim na lokótá [[hebreu]]; psaume na lokótá [[falansé]]). [[Yesu]] ayembaki banzemo óyo. Azalaki kosalela yango po nakopesa mateya, to po na losambo na ye moko. Bantoma pe bazalaki kosala ndenge moko. Yango wana banzembo etikalá tii lelo esika biso [[bakrísto]] tokoki kokuta maloba ya kokoka óyo tokoki kozwa po nakosolola na [[Nzámbe]]. ==Tála mpé== ===Wikipedia=== *[[Biblíya]] ===Babúku=== *Biblíya ISBN 0966-84330-2 *Biblíya ISBN 9966-40-879-7 ABRDC-ABU, 2004 ===Nkásá o libándá=== *[http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt2601.htm Voweled Hebrew and 1917 JPS translation]- includes [[MP3]] files of chapters read in Hebrew [[Category:Boklísto]] [[cs:Kniha žalmů]] [[de:Psalm]] [[en:Psalms]] [[eo:Psalmo]] [[es:Salmos]] [[fi:Psalmien kirja]] [[fr:Livre des Psaumes]] [[he:תהילים]] [[id:Mazmur]] [[it:Salmi]] [[ja:詩篇]] [[jv:Masmur]] [[ko:시편]] [[la:Liber Psalmorum]] [[nl:Psalmen]] [[nn:Salmane]] [[no:Salmenes bok]] [[nrm:Sieaume]] [[pl:Księga Psalmów]] [[pt:Salmos]] [[ru:Псалом]] [[sk:Kniha žalmov]] [[sl:Psalm]] [[sr:Псалми]] [[sv:Psaltaren]] [[zh:詩篇]] Yésu 2550 9225 2006-08-31T11:17:26Z Bombo 12 [[Yésu]] moved to [[Yesu]]: Mokanda na Kondimana na Sika na nkolo na biso Yesu Masiya - Njembo. 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[[sq:Përdoruesi:JAnDbot]] [[sr:Корисник:JAnDbot]] [[su:Pamaké:JAnDbot]] [[sv:Användare:JAnDbot]] [[sw:User:JAnDbot]] [[ta:பயனர்:JAnDbot]] [[te:సభ్యుడు:JAnDbot]] [[tg:Корбар:JAnDbot]] [[th:ผู้ใช้:JAnDbot]] [[tl:User:JAnDbot]] [[tr:Kullanıcı:JAnDbot]] [[tt:Äğzä:JAnDbot]] [[ug:User:JAnDbot]] [[uk:Користувач:JAnDbot]] [[ur:صارف:JAnDbot]] [[uz:User:JAnDbot]] [[vec:Utente:JAnDbot]] [[vi:Thành viên:JAnDbot]] [[wa:Uzeu:JAnDbot]] [[war:User:JAnDbot]] [[yi:באַניצער:JAnDbot]] [[zh:User:JAnDbot]] [[zh-min-nan:User:JAnDbot]] [[zh-yue:User:JAnDbot]] 9649 2006-11-01T09:01:29Z JAnDbot 85 robot Ajoute: dv, gu, ie, jbo, ksh, ky, map-bms, mn, nah, pms, ps, sc Manual controlled interwiki bot owned by [[:cs:Wikipedista:JAn Dudík|JAn]] [[af:Gebruiker:JAnDbot]] [[als:Benutzer:JAnD]] [[an:Usuario:JAnDbot]] [[ar:مستخدم:JAnDbot]] [[ast:Usuariu:JAnDbot]] [[az:İstifadəçi:JAnDbot]] [[be:Удзельнік:JAnDbot]] [[bg:Потребител:JAnDbot]] [[bn:ব্যবহারকারী:JAnDbot]] [[br:Implijer:JAnDbot]] [[bs:Korisnik:JAnDbot]] [[ca:Usuari:JAnDbot]] [[ceb:User:JAnDbot]] [[co:User:JAnDbot]] [[cs:Wikipedista:JAnDbot]] [[csb:Brëkòwnik:JAnDbot]] [[cu:User:JAnDbot]] [[cv:Хутшăнакан:JAnDbot]] [[cy:Defnyddiwr:JAnDbot]] [[da:Bruger:JAnDbot]] [[de:Benutzer:JAnDbot]] [[dv:User:JAnDbot]] [[el:Χρήστης:JAnDbot]] [[en:User:JAnDbot]] [[eo:Vikipediisto:JAnDbot]] [[es:Usuario:JAnDbot]] [[et:Kasutaja:JAnDbot]] [[eu:Lankide:JAnDbot]] [[fa:کاربر:JAnDbot]] [[fi:Käyttäjä:JAnDbot]] [[fo:Brúkari:JAnDbot]] [[fr:Utilisateur:JAnDbot]] [[frp:User:JAnDbot]] [[fur:Utent:JAnDbot]] [[fy:Meidogger:JAnDbot]] [[ga:Úsáideoir:JAnDbot]] [[gd:User:JAnDbot]] [[gl:User:JAnDbot]] [[gu:User:JAnDbot]] [[he:משתמש:JAnDbot]] [[hi:सदस्य:JAnDbot]] [[hr:Suradnik:JAnDbot]] [[hsb:User:JAnDbot]] [[ht:User:JAnDbot]] [[hu:User:JAnDbot]] [[hy:User:JAnDbot]] [[ia:Usator:JAnDbot]] [[id:Pengguna:JAnDbot]] [[ie:User:JAnDbot]] [[ilo:User:JAnDbot]] [[io:User:JAnDbot]] [[is:Notandi:JAnDbot]] [[it:Utente:JAnDbot]] [[ja:利用者:JAnD]] [[jbo:User:JAnDbot]] [[jv:Panganggo:JAnDbot]] [[ka:მომხმარებელი:JAnDbot]] [[kn:ಸದಸ್ಯ:JAnDbot]] [[ko:사용자:JAnDbot]] [[ksh:Medmaacher:JAnDbot]] [[ku:Bikarhêner:JAnDbot]] [[kw:User:JAnDbot]] [[ky:User:JAnDbot]] [[la:Usor:JAnDbot]] [[lad:User:JAnDbot]] [[lb:User:JAnDbot]] [[li:Gebroeker:JAnDbot]] [[lt:Naudotojas:JAnDbot]] [[lv:Lietotājs:JAnDbot]] [[map-bms:User:JAnDbot]] [[mk:Корисник:JAnDbot]] [[ml:User:JAnDbot]] [[mn:User:JAnDbot]] [[mr:User:JAnDbot]] [[ms:Pengguna:JAnDbot]] [[nah:Usuario:JAnDbot]] [[nap:Utente:JAnDbot]] [[nds:Bruker:JAnDbot]] [[nds-nl:Gebruker:JAnDbot]] [[nl:Gebruiker:JAnDbot]] [[nn:Brukar:JAnD]] [[no:Bruker:JAnDbot]] [[nrm:User:JAnDbot]] [[oc:Utilisator:JAnDbot]] [[os:Архайæг:JAnDbot]] [[pam:User:JAnDbot]] [[pl:Wikipedysta:JAnDbot]] [[pms:Utent:JAnDbot]] [[ps:User:JAnDbot]] [[pt:Usuário:JAnDbot]] [[ro:Utilizator:JAnDbot]] [[ru:Участник:JAnDbot]] [[ru-sib:User:JAnDbot]] [[sc:Utente:JAnDbot]] [[scn:User:JAnDbot]] [[sco:User:JAnDbot]] [[se:User:JAnDbot]] [[sh:User:JAnDbot]] [[simple:User:JAnDbot]] [[sk:Redaktor:JAnDbot]] [[sl:Uporabnik:JAnDbot]] [[sq:Përdoruesi:JAnDbot]] [[sr:Корисник:JAnDbot]] [[su:Pamaké:JAnDbot]] [[sv:Användare:JAnDbot]] [[sw:User:JAnDbot]] [[ta:பயனர்:JAnDbot]] [[te:సభ్యుడు:JAnDbot]] [[tg:Корбар:JAnDbot]] [[th:ผู้ใช้:JAnDbot]] [[tl:User:JAnDbot]] [[tr:Kullanıcı:JAnDbot]] [[tt:Äğzä:JAnDbot]] [[ug:User:JAnDbot]] [[uk:Користувач:JAnDbot]] [[ur:صارف:JAnDbot]] [[uz:User:JAnDbot]] [[vec:Utente:JAnDbot]] [[vi:Thành viên:JAnDbot]] [[wa:Uzeu:JAnDbot]] [[war:User:JAnDbot]] [[yi:באַניצער:JAnDbot]] [[zh:User:JAnDbot]] [[zh-min-nan:User:JAnDbot]] [[zh-yue:User:JAnDbot]] 9933 2006-12-08T12:23:30Z 160.85.2.50 cat Manual controlled interwiki bot owned by [[:cs:Wikipedista:JAn Dudík|JAn]] [[Category:Wikipedia Bot]] [[af:Gebruiker:JAnDbot]] [[als:Benutzer:JAnD]] [[an:Usuario:JAnDbot]] [[ar:مستخدم:JAnDbot]] [[ast:Usuariu:JAnDbot]] [[az:İstifadəçi:JAnDbot]] [[be:Удзельнік:JAnDbot]] [[bg:Потребител:JAnDbot]] [[bn:ব্যবহারকারী:JAnDbot]] [[br:Implijer:JAnDbot]] [[bs:Korisnik:JAnDbot]] [[ca:Usuari:JAnDbot]] [[ceb:User:JAnDbot]] [[co:User:JAnDbot]] [[cs:Wikipedista:JAnDbot]] [[csb:Brëkòwnik:JAnDbot]] [[cu:User:JAnDbot]] [[cv:Хутшăнакан:JAnDbot]] [[cy:Defnyddiwr:JAnDbot]] [[da:Bruger:JAnDbot]] [[de:Benutzer:JAnDbot]] [[dv:User:JAnDbot]] [[el:Χρήστης:JAnDbot]] [[en:User:JAnDbot]] [[eo:Vikipediisto:JAnDbot]] [[es:Usuario:JAnDbot]] [[et:Kasutaja:JAnDbot]] [[eu:Lankide:JAnDbot]] [[fa:کاربر:JAnDbot]] [[fi:Käyttäjä:JAnDbot]] [[fo:Brúkari:JAnDbot]] [[fr:Utilisateur:JAnDbot]] [[frp:User:JAnDbot]] [[fur:Utent:JAnDbot]] [[fy:Meidogger:JAnDbot]] [[ga:Úsáideoir:JAnDbot]] [[gd:User:JAnDbot]] [[gl:User:JAnDbot]] [[gu:User:JAnDbot]] [[he:משתמש:JAnDbot]] [[hi:सदस्य:JAnDbot]] [[hr:Suradnik:JAnDbot]] [[hsb:User:JAnDbot]] [[ht:User:JAnDbot]] [[hu:User:JAnDbot]] [[hy:User:JAnDbot]] [[ia:Usator:JAnDbot]] [[id:Pengguna:JAnDbot]] [[ie:User:JAnDbot]] [[ilo:User:JAnDbot]] [[io:User:JAnDbot]] [[is:Notandi:JAnDbot]] [[it:Utente:JAnDbot]] [[ja:利用者:JAnD]] [[jbo:User:JAnDbot]] [[jv:Panganggo:JAnDbot]] [[ka:მომხმარებელი:JAnDbot]] [[kn:ಸದಸ್ಯ:JAnDbot]] [[ko:사용자:JAnDbot]] [[ksh:Medmaacher:JAnDbot]] [[ku:Bikarhêner:JAnDbot]] [[kw:User:JAnDbot]] [[ky:User:JAnDbot]] [[la:Usor:JAnDbot]] [[lad:User:JAnDbot]] [[lb:User:JAnDbot]] [[li:Gebroeker:JAnDbot]] [[lt:Naudotojas:JAnDbot]] [[lv:Lietotājs:JAnDbot]] [[map-bms:User:JAnDbot]] [[mk:Корисник:JAnDbot]] [[ml:User:JAnDbot]] [[mn:User:JAnDbot]] [[mr:User:JAnDbot]] [[ms:Pengguna:JAnDbot]] [[nah:Usuario:JAnDbot]] [[nap:Utente:JAnDbot]] [[nds:Bruker:JAnDbot]] [[nds-nl:Gebruker:JAnDbot]] [[nl:Gebruiker:JAnDbot]] [[nn:Brukar:JAnD]] [[no:Bruker:JAnDbot]] [[nrm:User:JAnDbot]] [[oc:Utilisator:JAnDbot]] [[os:Архайæг:JAnDbot]] [[pam:User:JAnDbot]] [[pl:Wikipedysta:JAnDbot]] [[pms:Utent:JAnDbot]] [[ps:User:JAnDbot]] [[pt:Usuário:JAnDbot]] [[ro:Utilizator:JAnDbot]] [[ru:Участник:JAnDbot]] [[ru-sib:User:JAnDbot]] [[sc:Utente:JAnDbot]] [[scn:User:JAnDbot]] [[sco:User:JAnDbot]] [[se:User:JAnDbot]] [[sh:User:JAnDbot]] [[simple:User:JAnDbot]] [[sk:Redaktor:JAnDbot]] [[sl:Uporabnik:JAnDbot]] [[sq:Përdoruesi:JAnDbot]] [[sr:Корисник:JAnDbot]] [[su:Pamaké:JAnDbot]] [[sv:Användare:JAnDbot]] [[sw:User:JAnDbot]] [[ta:பயனர்:JAnDbot]] [[te:సభ్యుడు:JAnDbot]] [[tg:Корбар:JAnDbot]] [[th:ผู้ใช้:JAnDbot]] [[tl:User:JAnDbot]] [[tr:Kullanıcı:JAnDbot]] [[tt:Äğzä:JAnDbot]] [[ug:User:JAnDbot]] [[uk:Користувач:JAnDbot]] [[ur:صارف:JAnDbot]] [[uz:User:JAnDbot]] [[vec:Utente:JAnDbot]] [[vi:Thành viên:JAnDbot]] [[wa:Uzeu:JAnDbot]] [[war:User:JAnDbot]] [[yi:באַניצער:JAnDbot]] [[zh:User:JAnDbot]] [[zh-min-nan:User:JAnDbot]] [[zh-yue:User:JAnDbot]] User:Martin Kozák 2622 9338 2006-09-10T20:52:47Z Martin Kozák 86 Redirecting to [[cs:Wikipedista:Martin Kozák]] #REDIRECT [[:cs:Wikipedista:Martin Kozák]] [[cs:Wikipedista:Martin Kozák]] User:CommonsDelinker 2623 9375 2006-09-26T05:08:43Z CommonsDelinker 87 Redirecting to [[m:User:CommonsDelinker]] #redirect[[m:User:CommonsDelinker]] Monɔkɔ 2624 9377 2006-09-27T06:48:17Z 192.121.39.50 soki 9379 2006-09-28T10:56:45Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:Sagittalmouth.png|thumb|Monɔkɔ ya moto]] '''Monɔkɔ''' ezalí eténi ya [[elongi]] eye ebandí o [[mbébo]] kín’o [[mongóngó]], leka [[lǐno|mǐno]] mpé [[lolému]]. 9380 2006-09-28T10:59:32Z Moyogo 11 +interwiki [[Image:Sagittalmouth.png|thumb|Monɔkɔ ya moto]] '''Monɔkɔ''' ezalí eténi ya [[elongi]] eye ebandí o [[mbébo]] kín’o [[mongóngó]], leka [[lǐno|mǐno]] mpé [[lolému]]. [[da:Mund]] [[de:Mund]] [[el:Στόμα]] [[en:Mouth]] [[eo:Buŝo]] [[es:Cavidad oral]] [[fi:Suu]] [[fr:Bouche]] [[he:פה]] [[it:Bocca (anatomia)]] [[ja:口]] [[ko:입]] [[lt:Burna]] [[mk:Усна празнина]] [[nl:Mond]] [[pl:Jama ustna]] [[pt:Boca]] [[simple:Mouth]] [[sk:Ústna dutina]] [[sl:Usta]] [[su:Baham]] [[sv:Mun]] [[zh-min-nan:Chhùi-khiuⁿ]] 9381 2006-09-28T11:00:23Z Moyogo 11 +cat [[Image:Sagittalmouth.png|thumb|Monɔkɔ ya moto]] '''Monɔkɔ''' ezalí eténi ya [[elongi]] eye ebandí o [[mbébo]] kín’o [[mongóngó]], leka [[lǐno|mǐno]] mpé [[lolému]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Eténi ya nzóto]] [[da:Mund]] [[de:Mund]] [[el:Στόμα]] [[en:Mouth]] [[eo:Buŝo]] [[es:Cavidad oral]] [[fi:Suu]] [[fr:Bouche]] [[he:פה]] [[it:Bocca (anatomia)]] [[ja:口]] [[ko:입]] [[lt:Burna]] [[mk:Усна празнина]] [[nl:Mond]] [[pl:Jama ustna]] [[pt:Boca]] [[simple:Mouth]] [[sk:Ústna dutina]] [[sl:Usta]] [[su:Baham]] [[sv:Mun]] [[zh-min-nan:Chhùi-khiuⁿ]] 9382 2006-09-28T11:11:49Z Moyogo 11 +nyáo [[Image:Sagittalmouth.png|thumb|Monɔkɔ ya [[moto]]]] [[Image:Yawning Cat.jpg|thumb|Monɔkɔ ya [[nyáo]]]] '''Monɔkɔ''' ezalí eténi ya [[elongi]] eye ebandí o [[mbébo]] kín’o [[mongóngó]], leka [[lǐno|mǐno]] mpé [[lolému]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Eténi ya nzóto]] [[da:Mund]] [[de:Mund]] [[el:Στόμα]] [[en:Mouth]] [[eo:Buŝo]] [[es:Cavidad oral]] [[fi:Suu]] [[fr:Bouche]] [[he:פה]] [[it:Bocca (anatomia)]] [[ja:口]] [[ko:입]] [[lt:Burna]] [[mk:Усна празнина]] [[nl:Mond]] [[pl:Jama ustna]] [[pt:Boca]] [[simple:Mouth]] [[sk:Ústna dutina]] [[sl:Usta]] [[su:Baham]] [[sv:Mun]] [[zh-min-nan:Chhùi-khiuⁿ]] 9383 2006-09-28T11:12:31Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:Sagittalmouth.png|thumb|Monɔkɔ ya [[moto]]]] [[Image:Yawning Cat.jpg|thumb|Monɔkɔ ya [[nyáo]]]] '''Monɔkɔ''' ezalí eténi ya [[elongi]] eye ebandí o [[mbébo]] kín’o [[mongóngó]], leka [[lǐno|mǐno]] mpé [[lolému]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Eténi ya nzóto]] [[da:Mund]] [[de:Mund]] [[el:Στόμα]] [[en:Mouth]] [[eo:Buŝo]] [[es:Cavidad oral]] [[fi:Suu]] [[fr:Bouche]] [[he:פה]] [[it:Bocca (anatomia)]] [[ja:口]] [[ko:입]] [[lt:Burna]] [[mk:Усна празнина]] [[nl:Mond (orgaan)]] [[pl:Jama ustna]] [[pt:Boca]] [[simple:Mouth]] [[sk:Ústna dutina]] [[sl:Usta]] [[su:Baham]] [[sv:Mun]] [[zh-min-nan:Chhùi-khiuⁿ]] 9936 2006-12-09T05:28:30Z Robbot 14 robot Ajoute: ar, cs, is, la, qu, ru, th, zh, zh-yue Modifie: es [[Image:Sagittalmouth.png|thumb|Monɔkɔ ya [[moto]]]] [[Image:Yawning Cat.jpg|thumb|Monɔkɔ ya [[nyáo]]]] '''Monɔkɔ''' ezalí eténi ya [[elongi]] eye ebandí o [[mbébo]] kín’o [[mongóngó]], leka [[lǐno|mǐno]] mpé [[lolému]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Eténi ya nzóto]] [[ar:فم]] [[cs:Ústa a ústní dutina]] [[da:Mund]] [[de:Mund]] [[el:Στόμα]] [[en:Mouth]] [[eo:Buŝo]] [[es:Boca]] [[fi:Suu]] [[fr:Bouche]] [[he:פה]] [[is:Munnur]] [[it:Bocca (anatomia)]] [[ja:口]] [[ko:입]] [[la:Os (oris)]] [[lt:Burna]] [[mk:Усна празнина]] [[nl:Mond (orgaan)]] [[pl:Jama ustna]] [[pt:Boca]] [[qu:Simi]] [[ru:Рот]] [[simple:Mouth]] [[sk:Ústna dutina]] [[sl:Usta]] [[su:Baham]] [[sv:Mun]] [[th:ปาก]] [[zh:口腔]] [[zh-min-nan:Chhùi-khiuⁿ]] [[zh-yue:口]] Mbébo 2625 9387 2006-09-28T21:15:11Z 145.97.222.206 [[Image:African Lips (Cropped).jpg|thumb|right|Mbébo ya [[moto]] mobáli]] '''Mbébo''' bazalí biténi bíbalé ya [[mosuni|misuni]] libosó lya [[monɔkɔ]], bazalí mbébo ya likoló mpé mbébo ya nsé. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Eténi ya nzóto]] [[fr:Lèvre]] [[en:Lip]] 9388 2006-09-28T21:17:34Z Moyogo 11 [[Image:African Lips (Cropped).jpg|thumb|right|Mbébo ya [[moto]] mobáli]] '''Mbébo''' bazalí biténi bíbalé ya [[mosuni|misuni]] libosó lya [[monɔkɔ]], bazalí mbébo ya likoló mpé mbébo ya nsé. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Eténi ya nzóto]] [[de:Lippe]] [[en:Lip]] [[eo:Lipo]] [[es:Labio]] [[fi:Huulet]] [[fr:Lèvre]] [[he:שפתיים]] [[it:Labbro]] [[ja:唇]] [[nl:Lip]] [[nn:Hn/Lippa]] [[pl:Wargi]] [[pt:Lábio]] [[ru:Губы]] [[sv:Läpp]] 9847 2006-11-25T10:15:29Z Jorunn 97 [[nn:Lippe]] [[Image:African Lips (Cropped).jpg|thumb|right|Mbébo ya [[moto]] mobáli]] '''Mbébo''' bazalí biténi bíbalé ya [[mosuni|misuni]] libosó lya [[monɔkɔ]], bazalí mbébo ya likoló mpé mbébo ya nsé. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Eténi ya nzóto]] [[de:Lippe]] [[en:Lip]] [[eo:Lipo]] [[es:Labio]] [[fi:Huulet]] [[fr:Lèvre]] [[he:שפתיים]] [[it:Labbro]] [[ja:唇]] [[nl:Lip]] [[nn:Lippe]] [[pl:Wargi]] [[pt:Lábio]] [[ru:Губы]] [[sv:Läpp]] User:Camahuetos 2626 9390 2006-09-29T15:57:37Z Camahuetos 88 Creation de la Page Bienvenue sur mon page a la Wipedia en lingala. Pour some persones peut être tres jolie qui mon page de utilisateur sur la Wikipedia en lingala ce ecrít en français, parce que mon langue maternelle Il' ni a pas le français e Il ni a pas une langue qui Je connu tres bon, mais Il a le langue plus connu pour le personnes qui parlais le Lingala. {{Babel-4|es|en-3|fr-2|ln-0}} User:Xandi 2627 9395 2006-09-30T10:22:10Z Xandi 89 +iw '''><(((*>''' [[pt:User:Xandi]] [[af:Gebruiker:Xandi]] [[als:Benutzer:Xandi]] [[am:User:Xandi]] [[an:Usuario:Xandi]] [[ang:User:Xandi]] [[ar:مستخدم:Xandi]] [[arc:User:Xandi]] [[as:User:Xandi]] [[ast:Usuariu:Xandi]] [[ay:Utilisateur:Xandi]] [[av:Участник:Xandi]] [[az:İstifadəçi:Xandi]] [[ba:Ҡатнашыусы:Xandi]] [[be:Удзельнік:Xandi]] [[bg:Потребител:Xandi]] [[bm:Utilisateur:Xandi]] [[bn:ব্যবহারকারী:Xandi]] [[bo:User:Xandi]] [[br:Implijer:Xandi]] [[bs:User:Xandi]] [[ca:Usuari:Xandi]] [[ch:User:Xandi]] [[chr:User:Xandi]] [[co:User:Xandi]] [[ceb:User:Xandi]] [[cs:Wikipedista:Xandi]] [[csb:Brëkòwnik:Xandi]] [[cy:Defnyddiwr:Xandi]] [[cv:Хутшăнакан:Xandi]] [[da:Bruger:Xandi]] [[dv:User:Xandi]] [[dz:User:Xandi]] [[el:Χρήστης:Xandi]] [[en:User:Xandi]] [[eo:Vikipediisto:Xandi]] [[es:Usuario:Xandi]] [[et:Kasutaja:Xandi]] [[eu:user:Xandi]] [[fa:کاربر:Xandi]] [[ff:User:Xandi]] [[fi:Käyttäjä:Xandi]] [[fiu-vro:User:Xandi]] [[fj:User:Xandi]] [[fo:Brúkari:Xandi]] [[fr:Utilisateur:Xandi]] [[frp:User:Xandi]] [[fur:Utent:Xandi]] [[fy:Meidogger:Xandi]] [[ga:Úsáideoir:Xandi]] [[gd:User:Xandi]] [[gl:User:Xandi]] [[got:User:Xandi]] [[gu:User:Xandi]] [[haw:User:Xandi]] [[he:משתמש:Xandi]] [[hi:सदस्य:Xandi]] [[hr:Suradnik:Xandi]] [[hu:User:Xandi]] [[ia:Usator:Xandi]] [[id:user:Xandi]] [[ig:User:Xandi]] [[ii:User:Xandi]] [[ilo:User:Xandi]] [[io:User:Xandi]] [[is:User:Xandi]] [[it:Utente:Xandi]] [[iu:User:Xandi]] [[ja:利用者:Xandi]] [[jv:Panganggo:Xandi]] [[ka:მომხმარებელი:Xandi]] [[kg:User:Xandi]] [[ki:User:Xandi]] [[kk:User:Xandi]] [[km:User:Xandi]] [[kn:ಸದಸ್ಯ:Xandi]] [[kr:User:Xandi]] [[ks:User:Xandi]] [[ksh:Medmaacher:Xandi]] [[ku:Bikarhêner:Xandi]] [[kv:Участник:Xandi]] [[kw:User:Xandi]] [[la:Usor:Xandi]] [[lad:User:Xandi]] [[lb:user:Xandi]] [[li:Gebroeker:Xandi]] [[lij:User:Xandi]] [[lmo:User:Xandi]] [[lo:User:Xandi]] [[lt:Naudotojas:Xandi]] [[lv:Lietotājs:Xandi]] [[mi:user:Xandi]] [[mk:Корисник:Xandi]] [[ml:User:Xandi]] [[nn:User:Xandi]] [[mo:User:Xandi]] [[mr:User:Xandi]] [[ms:User:Xandi]] [[mt:User:Xandi]] [[nah:Usuario:Xandi]] [[nap:User:Xandi]] [[nds:Bruker:Xandi]] [[nds-nl:Gebruker:Xandi]] [[nl:Gebruiker:Xandi]] [[no:Bruker:Xandi]] [[nrm:User:Xandi]] [[nv:User:Xandi]] [[oc:User:Xandi]] [[or:User:Xandi]] [[os:Архайæг:Xandi]] [[pa:ਮੈਂਬਰ:Xandi]] [[pam:User:Xandi]] [[pap:User:Xandi]] [[pdc:User:Xandi]] [[pl:Wikipedysta:Xandi]] [[pms:Ciaciarade:Xandi]] [[ps:User:Xandi]] [[qu:Usuario:Xandi]] [[rm:User:Xandi]] [[rn:User:Xandi]] [[ro:Utilizator:Xandi]] [[ru:Участник:Xandi]] [[sa:User:Xandi]] [[sc:Utente:Xandi]] [[scn:User:Xandi]] [[sco:User:Xandi]] [[sd:User:Xandi]] [[se:User:Xandi]] [[sh:User:Xandi]] [[si:User:Xandi]] [[simple:User:Xandi]] [[sl:Uporabnik:Xandi]] [[sk:Redaktor:Xandi]] [[sq:User:Xandi]] [[sr:Корисник:Xandi]] [[st:User:Xandi]] [[su:Pamaké:Xandi]] [[sv:Användare:Xandi]] [[sw:User:Xandi]] [[ta:பயனர்:Xandi]] [[te:సభ్యుడు:Xandi]] [[tet:User:Xandi]] [[tg:Корбар:Xandi]] [[th:ผู้ใช้:Xandi]] [[tk:User:Xandi]] [[tl:User:Xandi]] [[tpi:User:Xandi]] [[tr:Kullanıcı:Xandi]] [[tt:Äğzä:Xandi]] [[tum:User:Xandi]] [[ty:User:Xandi]] [[tw:User:Xandi]] [[udm:Викиавтор:Xandi]] [[uk:Користувач:Xandi]] [[ur:صارف:Xandi]] [[uz:User:Xandi]] [[ve:User:Xandi]] [[vec:Utente:Xandi]] [[vi:user:Xandi]] [[vls:User:Xandi]] [[xal:Орлцач:Xandi]] [[xh:User:Xandi]] [[yi:באַניצער:Xandi]] [[yo:User:Xandi]] [[wa:Uzeu:Xandi]] [[war:User:Xandi]] [[wo:User:Xandi]] [[za:User:Xandi]] [[zh:User:Xandi]] [[zh-min-nan:User:Xandi]] [[zh-yue:User:Xandi]] [[zu:User:Xandi]] Stress 2628 9407 2006-10-03T14:17:47Z Bombo 12 qzelques termes en français restent à traduire Ndenge tokoki koyoka kati na nzoto mpe molimo na biso ekoki kozala suite ya makambo oyo tozali kovivre. Soki situation ya vie na yo echanger, santé na yo mpe ekoki kochanger. Par example soki moyi ezali makasi nzoto na yo ekotonda na motoki. Lokola mpe soki ozali kobanga to mpe moto mosusu abangisi yo okoyoka motema na yo ekobeta makasi. Ba experience ya mabe na vie mpe kovivre na ba condition oyo ezali kosepelisa yo te ekoki kobebisa santé ya moral mpe nzoto na yo. Soki eloko ya ndenge wana eyeli yo yeba ete ozali kovivre '''stress''' (''lingɛlɛ́sa'': pression, tension nerveuse; ''lat.'': stringere: atteler). ==Nini ekoki kopesa ''stress''?== Tango nyoso ezali malamu na bomoi na yo okozala na esengo mpe kimia. Mais soki makambo ezali koleka ndenge ozali kolinga te to mpe soki ozali komitungisa na likambo moko, okomona te okokoma koyoka nzoto na yo malamu lisusu te. Nyoso oyo ekoki kozala likolona biloko oyo: ''Libungisi'' *Bobungisi ndako to biloko na yo zambi balongwisaki mboka na makasi. *Bokabwani na baboti mpe baninga. *Bobungisi bandeko to mpe baninga na nzela na liwa to mpe bokangami na bango na basoda. ''Violence'' *Soki ozalaki menacé to mpe batorturaki yo. *Soki yo ndeko mwasi to mpe mobali balalaki to mpe balingaki kolala yo na makasi. *Soki omonaki ndenge bazalaki kotorturer bandeko to mpe baninga na yo. *Soki omonaki ndenge bazalaki koboma ndeko to mpe moninga na yo. ''Insecurité'' *Soki ovoyageaki na situation moko ya risk makasi. *Soki ozali komitungisa mingi na likambo ya ngunda na yo. *Soki ozali komitungisa mingi makambo matali oyo ekoya lobi. ''Impuissance'' *Bovandi na ndako oyo ezali ya yo te. *Bozangi makoki ya kobongola condition ya vie na yo. *Kosala eloko olingi na yo kosala te na makasi. ==Ndenge nini stress ekoki komilakisa kati na moto?== Bandeko oyo bazalaka na stress bayokaka tango mosusu boye: Elakisameli ya stress na moral na [[moto]]: *[[Mawa]], [[kolela]], [[bozangi elikia]] *[[Soni]] *[[Komitungisa]] *[[Kosilika pamba pamba]] *Kozala na tension makasi *Probleme ya komiconcentré *Posa ya kovivre ekosila *Kolekisa tango mingi kokanisaka makambo masi mayela yo. *Bobangi eloko oyo esila koyela yo eyela yo lisusu. Elakisamelo ya stress kati na nzoto: *probleme ya kolala, [[bandoto mabe]] *[[bolembu ya nzoto]], pasi na nzoto mobimba *bobendani ya misisa *motema kobeta makasi *posa ya koliya ekosila, posa na kosanza *[[pasi na libumu]], [[pulu pulu]] *[[pema mokuse]], vertige, [[nzoto kolenga]] *posa na kolala na mwasi to mpe mobali na yo ekosila Elakisamelo ya stress na bizaleli na yo: *Posa ya kosala mosala ekosila, bampongi ya pamba pamba *Kosilika pamba pamba *Okoki mpe kosala misala sans repos mpo na kobosana *Milangwa mpe komela diamba mingi *Kokimaka baninga, posa kaka ozalaka yo moko. Stress na relation na yo na baninga: *Posa ya baninga ekosila yo *Discussion, kosuana mpe bitumba kati na libala. Soki ozali kati na stress okoyoka biloko misusu oyo towuti kolobela. Yango ezali mingi lié na ba probleme oyo ozali komona na bomoi na yo. Okoki komona ete bizaleli mpe santé ya nzoto na yo echangé kaka na ngonga wana ya ba probleme. Kasi, ezali te moto nyosa nde ayokaka biloko oyo tolobi lokola moto na moto azali na lolenge na ye ya koreagir na stress. ==Eloko okoki kosala soki ozali komona mpasi na tina na stress== Soki ozali koyoka moko na makambo oyo totangi likolo kati na lokaso loye: *ekoki kozala consequence ya ba mpasi to miyoko omona to mpe ozali komona sika oyo *eloko oyo ozali koyoka ezali normal na cas na yo mpe na ba cas mingi ekitaka na yango. Elingi kolimbola te te okomi liboma. *Oko remarquer te tango ozali na misala mingi ya kosala, effets ya stress ekotungisa yo mingi te. Nzela ya malamu mpo na yo ezali kosalaka mwa musala moko au lieu kalalaka ba mpongi to mpe komitungisa. *Sala nyoso oyeba ba service oyo ekoki kosalisa yo na probleme na yo. Communauté na bino eyebi mwa mingi esika ba service wana ezali mpe ekoki kosunga yo *Lisusu communauté na bino peut –être ezali mpe ko organiser ba activités to mpe ekoki kozala capable yo kopesa yo conseil na makambo matali kelasi to mpe stage to mpe lisusu ekoki kopesa yo conseil na probleme na yo. *Soki omoni ba effets ya stress ezali makasi to mpe ewumeli mwa basanza mpe okanisi ozali na besoin ya lisungi, okoki koya na service na biso. Adresse na biso epesami na nse ya lokasa oyo. *Soki oyebi moto moko azali komitungisa na makambo matali stress yo mpe okoki kolimbola ye yango na ndenge otangi na lokasa loye. *Okoki mpe kosunga baninga oyo bazali na probleme ya stress na kopesaka bango ba idées ya malamu oyo ozali na yango mpo na kobunda na probleme wana. Soki olingi lisungi ya mingi mpo na makambo matali stress, tuna communauté to docteur. ==Tála mpé== ===Wikipedia=== ===Babúku=== * Selye, Hans: ''The Physiology and Pathology of Exposure to Stress''. ACTA Medical Publishers, 1950. (Lingɛlɛ́sa) * Rensing, Ludger; Koch, Michael; Rippe, Bernhard; Rippe, Volkhard: ''Mensch im Stress - Psyche, Körper, Moleküle''. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, 2005. ISBN 3-8274-1556-X (Lialémani) ===Nkásá o libándá=== *[http://www.br-online.de/cgi-bin/ravi?verzeichnis=alpha/geistundgehirn/v/&file=spitzer_17.rm&g2=1 Manfred Spitzer: Stress. RealVideo] (Lialémani; ca. 15 min) [[Category:maladi]] [[bg:Стрес]] [[da:Stress]] [[de:Stress]] [[en:Stress (medicine)]] [[es:Estrés]] [[fa:تنیدگی]] [[fi:Stressi]] [[fr:Stress]] [[he:דחק]] [[hu:Stressz (pszichikai)]] [[it:Stress (medicina)]] [[ja:ストレス (生体)]] [[lt:Stresas]] [[nl:Stress]] [[pl:Stres]] [[pt:Estresse]] [[sr:Стрес]] [[sv:Stress]] [[tr:Stres]] 2006 2629 9435 2006-10-08T20:04:47Z 81.34.184.82 an easy way of increasing the number of articles and aim the people to participate in the project. Needs translation. All big Wikipedias have created more than 2000 pages of years ==Events== ==Births== ==Deaths== [[Category:21th century]] [[af:2006]] [[als:2006]] [[am:2006 እ.ኤ.አ.]] [[ar:2006]] [[an:2006]] [[ast:2006]] [[zh-min-nan:2006 nî]] [[be:2006]] [[bs:2006]] [[br:2006]] [[bg:2006]] [[ca:2006]] [[cv:2006]] [[cs:2006]] [[co:2006]] [[cy:2006]] [[da:2006]] [[de:2006]] [[et:2006]] [[el:2006]] [[en:2006]] [[es:2006]] [[eo:2006]] [[eu:2006]] [[fo:2006]] [[fr:2006]] [[fy:2006]] [[fur:2006]] [[ga:2006]] [[gl:2006]] [[ko:2006년]] [[hr:2006]] [[io:2006]] [[ilo:2006]] [[id:2006]] [[ia:2006]] [[os:2006]] [[is:2006]] [[it:2006]] [[he:2006]] [[kn:೨೦೦೫]] [[ka:2006]] [[csb:2006]] [[kw:2006]] [[ku:2006]] [[la:2006]] [[lb:2006]] [[lt:2006]] [[li:2006]] [[hu:2006]] [[mk:2006]] [[ml:2006]] [[mi:2006]] [[ms:2006]] [[mo:2006]] [[nl:2006]] [[ja:2006年]] [[nap:2006]] [[no:2006]] [[nn:2006]] [[oc:2006]] [[pap:2006]] [[pl:2006]] [[pt:2006]] [[ro:2006]] [[qu:2006]] [[ru:2006]] [[se:2006]] [[sco:2006]] [[sq:2006]] [[scn:2006]] [[simple:2006]] [[sk:2006]] [[sl:2006]] [[sr:2006]] [[sh:2006]] [[fi:2006]] [[sv:2006]] [[tl:2006]] [[tt:2006]] [[te:2006]] [[th:พ.ศ. 2549]] [[vi:2006]] [[tpi:2006]] [[tr:2006]] [[uk:2006]] [[wa:2006]] [[yi:ה'תשס"ו]] [[zh-yue:2006年]] [[bat-smg:2006]] [[zh:2006年]] [[zu:2006]] 9467 2006-10-12T10:54:52Z Bombo 12 ==Likambo monɛnɛ== ==Mbotama== ==Liwa== [[Category:ya 21 sekulɔ]] [[af:2006]] [[als:2006]] [[am:2006 እ.ኤ.አ.]] [[ar:2006]] [[an:2006]] [[ast:2006]] [[zh-min-nan:2006 nî]] [[be:2006]] [[bs:2006]] [[br:2006]] [[bg:2006]] [[ca:2006]] [[cv:2006]] [[cs:2006]] [[co:2006]] [[cy:2006]] [[da:2006]] [[de:2006]] [[et:2006]] [[el:2006]] [[en:2006]] [[es:2006]] [[eo:2006]] [[eu:2006]] [[fo:2006]] [[fr:2006]] [[fy:2006]] [[fur:2006]] [[ga:2006]] [[gl:2006]] [[ko:2006년]] [[hr:2006]] [[io:2006]] [[ilo:2006]] [[id:2006]] [[ia:2006]] [[os:2006]] [[is:2006]] [[it:2006]] [[he:2006]] [[kn:೨೦೦೫]] [[ka:2006]] [[csb:2006]] [[kw:2006]] [[ku:2006]] [[la:2006]] [[lb:2006]] [[lt:2006]] [[li:2006]] [[hu:2006]] [[mk:2006]] [[ml:2006]] [[mi:2006]] [[ms:2006]] [[mo:2006]] [[nl:2006]] [[ja:2006年]] [[nap:2006]] [[no:2006]] [[nn:2006]] [[oc:2006]] [[pap:2006]] [[pl:2006]] [[pt:2006]] [[ro:2006]] [[qu:2006]] [[ru:2006]] [[se:2006]] [[sco:2006]] [[sq:2006]] [[scn:2006]] [[simple:2006]] [[sk:2006]] [[sl:2006]] [[sr:2006]] [[sh:2006]] [[fi:2006]] [[sv:2006]] [[tl:2006]] [[tt:2006]] [[te:2006]] [[th:พ.ศ. 2549]] [[vi:2006]] [[tpi:2006]] [[tr:2006]] [[uk:2006]] [[wa:2006]] [[yi:ה'תשס"ו]] [[zh-yue:2006年]] [[bat-smg:2006]] [[zh:2006年]] [[zu:2006]] 9647 2006-10-31T15:21:25Z JAnDbot 85 robot Ajoute: ang, av, az, ba, bn, bo, ceb, chr, dv, fiu-vro, frp, gd, got, gu, gv, hi, ht, hy, ie, jbo, jv, kg, kk, ks, ksh, ky, lad, lij, lmo, map-bms, mg, mn, mr, mt, na, nah, nds-nl, nrm, pam, pdc, pms, ps, rm, roa-rup, sa, sc, si, su, sw, ta, t ==Likambo monɛnɛ== ==Mbotama== ==Liwa== [[Category:ya 21 sekulɔ]] [[af:2006]] [[als:2006]] [[am:2006 እ.ኤ.አ.]] [[an:2006]] [[ang:2006]] [[ar:2006]] [[ast:2006]] [[av:2006]] [[az:2006]] [[ba:2006]] [[bat-smg:2006]] [[be:2006]] [[bg:2006]] [[bn:২০০৬]] [[bo:2006]] [[br:2006]] [[bs:2006]] [[ca:2006]] [[ceb:2006]] [[chr:2006]] [[co:2006]] [[cs:2006]] [[csb:2006]] [[cv:2006]] [[cy:2006]] [[da:2006]] [[de:2006]] [[dv:2006]] [[el:2006]] [[en:2006]] [[eo:2006]] [[es:2006]] [[et:2006]] [[eu:2006]] [[fi:2006]] [[fiu-vro:2006]] [[fo:2006]] [[fr:2006]] [[frp:2006]] [[fur:2006]] [[fy:2006]] [[ga:2006]] [[gd:2006]] [[gl:2006]] [[got:2006]] [[gu:2006]] [[gv:2006]] [[he:2006]] [[hi:२००६]] [[hr:2006]] [[ht:2006 (almanak gregoryen)]] [[hu:2006]] [[hy:2006]] [[ia:2006]] [[id:2006]] [[ie:2006]] [[ilo:2006]] [[io:2006]] [[is:2006]] [[it:2006]] [[ja:2006年]] [[jbo:2006moi nanca]] [[jv:2006]] [[ka:2006]] [[kg:2006]] [[kk:2006]] [[kn:೨೦೦೬]] [[ko:2006년]] [[ks:2006]] [[ksh:Joohr 2006]] [[ku:2006]] [[kw:2006]] [[ky:2006]] [[la:2006]] [[lad:2006]] [[lb:2006]] [[li:2006]] [[lij:2006]] [[lmo:2006]] [[lt:2006]] [[map-bms:2006]] [[mg:2006]] [[mi:2006]] [[mk:2006]] [[ml:2006]] [[mn:2006]] [[mo:2006]] [[mr:ई.स. २००६]] [[ms:2006]] [[mt:2006]] [[na:2006]] [[nah:2006]] [[nap:2006]] [[nds-nl:2006]] [[nl:2006]] [[nn:2006]] [[no:2006]] [[nrm:2006]] [[oc:2006]] [[os:2006]] [[pam:2006]] [[pap:2006]] [[pdc:2006]] [[pl:2006]] [[pms:2006]] [[ps:2006]] [[pt:2006]] [[qu:2006]] [[rm:2006]] [[ro:2006]] [[roa-rup:2006]] [[ru:2006 год]] [[sa:2006]] [[sc:2006]] [[scn:2006]] [[sco:2006]] [[se:2006]] [[sh:2006]] [[si:2006]] [[simple:2006]] [[sk:2006]] [[sl:2006]] [[sq:2006]] [[sr:2006]] [[su:2006]] [[sv:2006]] [[sw:2006]] [[ta:2006]] [[te:2006]] [[tet:2006]] [[tg:2006]] [[th:พ.ศ. 2549]] [[tk:2006]] [[tl:2006]] [[tpi:2006]] [[tr:2006]] [[tt:2006]] [[udm:2006]] [[ug:2006]] [[uk:2006]] [[ur:2006ء]] [[uz:2006]] [[vec:2006]] [[vi:2006]] [[vls:2006]] [[wa:2006]] [[war:2006]] [[wo:2006]] [[yi:ה'תשס"ו]] [[zh:2006年]] [[zh-min-nan:2006 nî]] [[zh-yue:2006年]] 9930 2006-12-06T12:49:54Z JAnDbot 85 robot Ajoute: fa, zh-classical Retire: lad, mt, ps ==Likambo monɛnɛ== ==Mbotama== ==Liwa== [[Category:ya 21 sekulɔ]] [[af:2006]] [[als:2006]] [[am:2006 እ.ኤ.አ.]] [[an:2006]] [[ang:2006]] [[ar:2006]] [[ast:2006]] [[av:2006]] [[az:2006]] [[ba:2006]] [[bat-smg:2006]] [[be:2006]] [[bg:2006]] [[bn:২০০৬]] [[bo:2006]] [[br:2006]] [[bs:2006]] [[ca:2006]] [[ceb:2006]] [[chr:2006]] [[co:2006]] [[cs:2006]] [[csb:2006]] [[cv:2006]] [[cy:2006]] [[da:2006]] [[de:2006]] [[dv:2006]] [[el:2006]] [[en:2006]] [[eo:2006]] [[es:2006]] [[et:2006]] [[eu:2006]] [[fa:۲۰۰۶]] [[fi:2006]] [[fiu-vro:2006]] [[fo:2006]] [[fr:2006]] [[frp:2006]] [[fur:2006]] [[fy:2006]] [[ga:2006]] [[gd:2006]] [[gl:2006]] [[got:2006]] [[gu:2006]] [[gv:2006]] [[he:2006]] [[hi:२००६]] [[hr:2006]] [[ht:2006 (almanak gregoryen)]] [[hu:2006]] [[hy:2006]] [[ia:2006]] [[id:2006]] [[ie:2006]] [[ilo:2006]] [[io:2006]] [[is:2006]] [[it:2006]] [[ja:2006年]] [[jbo:2006moi nanca]] [[jv:2006]] [[ka:2006]] [[kg:2006]] [[kk:2006]] [[kn:೨೦೦೬]] [[ko:2006년]] [[ks:2006]] [[ksh:Joohr 2006]] [[ku:2006]] [[kw:2006]] [[ky:2006]] [[la:2006]] [[lb:2006]] [[li:2006]] [[lij:2006]] [[lmo:2006]] [[lt:2006]] [[map-bms:2006]] [[mg:2006]] [[mi:2006]] [[mk:2006]] [[ml:2006]] [[mn:2006]] [[mo:2006]] [[mr:ई.स. २००६]] [[ms:2006]] [[na:2006]] [[nah:2006]] [[nap:2006]] [[nds-nl:2006]] [[nl:2006]] [[nn:2006]] [[no:2006]] [[nrm:2006]] [[oc:2006]] [[os:2006]] [[pam:2006]] [[pap:2006]] [[pdc:2006]] [[pl:2006]] [[pms:2006]] [[pt:2006]] [[qu:2006]] [[rm:2006]] [[ro:2006]] [[roa-rup:2006]] [[ru:2006 год]] [[sa:2006]] [[sc:2006]] [[scn:2006]] [[sco:2006]] [[se:2006]] [[sh:2006]] [[si:2006]] [[simple:2006]] [[sk:2006]] [[sl:2006]] [[sq:2006]] [[sr:2006]] [[su:2006]] [[sv:2006]] [[sw:2006]] [[ta:2006]] [[te:2006]] [[tet:2006]] [[tg:2006]] [[th:พ.ศ. 2549]] [[tk:2006]] [[tl:2006]] [[tpi:2006]] [[tr:2006]] [[tt:2006]] [[udm:2006]] [[ug:2006]] [[uk:2006]] [[ur:2006ء]] [[uz:2006]] [[vec:2006]] [[vi:2006]] [[vls:2006]] [[wa:2006]] [[war:2006]] [[wo:2006]] [[yi:ה'תשס"ו]] [[zh:2006年]] [[zh-classical:二〇〇六年]] [[zh-min-nan:2006 nî]] [[zh-yue:2006年]] 9935 2006-12-08T12:30:42Z 160.85.2.50 /* Liwa */ ==Likambo monɛnɛ== ==Mbotama== ==Liwa== * 29 oktobele: [[Joseph Kabila|Joseph Kabila Kabange]]: [[Mokambi-Ekólo]] ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] (58% voix) [[Category:ya 21 sekulɔ]] [[af:2006]] [[als:2006]] [[am:2006 እ.ኤ.አ.]] [[an:2006]] [[ang:2006]] [[ar:2006]] [[ast:2006]] [[av:2006]] [[az:2006]] [[ba:2006]] [[bat-smg:2006]] [[be:2006]] [[bg:2006]] [[bn:২০০৬]] [[bo:2006]] [[br:2006]] [[bs:2006]] [[ca:2006]] [[ceb:2006]] [[chr:2006]] [[co:2006]] [[cs:2006]] [[csb:2006]] [[cv:2006]] [[cy:2006]] [[da:2006]] [[de:2006]] [[dv:2006]] [[el:2006]] [[en:2006]] [[eo:2006]] [[es:2006]] [[et:2006]] [[eu:2006]] [[fa:۲۰۰۶]] [[fi:2006]] [[fiu-vro:2006]] [[fo:2006]] [[fr:2006]] [[frp:2006]] [[fur:2006]] [[fy:2006]] [[ga:2006]] [[gd:2006]] [[gl:2006]] [[got:2006]] [[gu:2006]] [[gv:2006]] [[he:2006]] [[hi:२००६]] [[hr:2006]] [[ht:2006 (almanak gregoryen)]] [[hu:2006]] [[hy:2006]] [[ia:2006]] [[id:2006]] [[ie:2006]] [[ilo:2006]] [[io:2006]] [[is:2006]] [[it:2006]] [[ja:2006年]] [[jbo:2006moi nanca]] [[jv:2006]] [[ka:2006]] [[kg:2006]] [[kk:2006]] [[kn:೨೦೦೬]] [[ko:2006년]] [[ks:2006]] [[ksh:Joohr 2006]] [[ku:2006]] [[kw:2006]] [[ky:2006]] [[la:2006]] [[lb:2006]] [[li:2006]] [[lij:2006]] [[lmo:2006]] [[lt:2006]] [[map-bms:2006]] [[mg:2006]] [[mi:2006]] [[mk:2006]] [[ml:2006]] [[mn:2006]] [[mo:2006]] [[mr:ई.स. २००६]] [[ms:2006]] [[na:2006]] [[nah:2006]] [[nap:2006]] [[nds-nl:2006]] [[nl:2006]] [[nn:2006]] [[no:2006]] [[nrm:2006]] [[oc:2006]] [[os:2006]] [[pam:2006]] [[pap:2006]] [[pdc:2006]] [[pl:2006]] [[pms:2006]] [[pt:2006]] [[qu:2006]] [[rm:2006]] [[ro:2006]] [[roa-rup:2006]] [[ru:2006 год]] [[sa:2006]] [[sc:2006]] [[scn:2006]] [[sco:2006]] [[se:2006]] [[sh:2006]] [[si:2006]] [[simple:2006]] [[sk:2006]] [[sl:2006]] [[sq:2006]] [[sr:2006]] [[su:2006]] [[sv:2006]] [[sw:2006]] [[ta:2006]] [[te:2006]] [[tet:2006]] [[tg:2006]] [[th:พ.ศ. 2549]] [[tk:2006]] [[tl:2006]] [[tpi:2006]] [[tr:2006]] [[tt:2006]] [[udm:2006]] [[ug:2006]] [[uk:2006]] [[ur:2006ء]] [[uz:2006]] [[vec:2006]] [[vi:2006]] [[vls:2006]] [[wa:2006]] [[war:2006]] [[wo:2006]] [[yi:ה'תשס"ו]] [[zh:2006年]] [[zh-classical:二〇〇六年]] [[zh-min-nan:2006 nî]] [[zh-yue:2006年]] 9950 2006-12-11T11:26:37Z 160.85.2.50 /* Liwa */ 16/10: Baudoin Liwanga Maata ==Likambo monɛnɛ== ==Mbotama== ==Liwa== * 16 oktobele: [[Baudoin Liwanga Maata]]: Gouverneur ya [[Kinsásá]] * 29 oktobele: [[Joseph Kabila|Joseph Kabila Kabange]]: [[Mokambi-Ekólo]] ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] (58% voix) [[Category:ya 21 sekulɔ]] [[af:2006]] [[als:2006]] [[am:2006 እ.ኤ.አ.]] [[an:2006]] [[ang:2006]] [[ar:2006]] [[ast:2006]] [[av:2006]] [[az:2006]] [[ba:2006]] [[bat-smg:2006]] [[be:2006]] [[bg:2006]] [[bn:২০০৬]] [[bo:2006]] [[br:2006]] [[bs:2006]] [[ca:2006]] [[ceb:2006]] [[chr:2006]] [[co:2006]] [[cs:2006]] [[csb:2006]] [[cv:2006]] [[cy:2006]] [[da:2006]] [[de:2006]] [[dv:2006]] [[el:2006]] [[en:2006]] [[eo:2006]] [[es:2006]] [[et:2006]] [[eu:2006]] [[fa:۲۰۰۶]] [[fi:2006]] [[fiu-vro:2006]] [[fo:2006]] [[fr:2006]] [[frp:2006]] [[fur:2006]] [[fy:2006]] [[ga:2006]] [[gd:2006]] [[gl:2006]] [[got:2006]] [[gu:2006]] [[gv:2006]] [[he:2006]] [[hi:२००६]] [[hr:2006]] [[ht:2006 (almanak gregoryen)]] [[hu:2006]] [[hy:2006]] [[ia:2006]] [[id:2006]] [[ie:2006]] [[ilo:2006]] [[io:2006]] [[is:2006]] [[it:2006]] [[ja:2006年]] [[jbo:2006moi nanca]] [[jv:2006]] [[ka:2006]] [[kg:2006]] [[kk:2006]] [[kn:೨೦೦೬]] [[ko:2006년]] [[ks:2006]] [[ksh:Joohr 2006]] [[ku:2006]] [[kw:2006]] [[ky:2006]] [[la:2006]] [[lb:2006]] [[li:2006]] [[lij:2006]] [[lmo:2006]] [[lt:2006]] [[map-bms:2006]] [[mg:2006]] [[mi:2006]] [[mk:2006]] [[ml:2006]] [[mn:2006]] [[mo:2006]] [[mr:ई.स. २००६]] [[ms:2006]] [[na:2006]] [[nah:2006]] [[nap:2006]] [[nds-nl:2006]] [[nl:2006]] [[nn:2006]] [[no:2006]] [[nrm:2006]] [[oc:2006]] [[os:2006]] [[pam:2006]] [[pap:2006]] [[pdc:2006]] [[pl:2006]] [[pms:2006]] [[pt:2006]] [[qu:2006]] [[rm:2006]] [[ro:2006]] [[roa-rup:2006]] [[ru:2006 год]] [[sa:2006]] [[sc:2006]] [[scn:2006]] [[sco:2006]] [[se:2006]] [[sh:2006]] [[si:2006]] [[simple:2006]] [[sk:2006]] [[sl:2006]] [[sq:2006]] [[sr:2006]] [[su:2006]] [[sv:2006]] [[sw:2006]] [[ta:2006]] [[te:2006]] [[tet:2006]] [[tg:2006]] [[th:พ.ศ. 2549]] [[tk:2006]] [[tl:2006]] [[tpi:2006]] [[tr:2006]] [[tt:2006]] [[udm:2006]] [[ug:2006]] [[uk:2006]] [[ur:2006ء]] [[uz:2006]] [[vec:2006]] [[vi:2006]] [[vls:2006]] [[wa:2006]] [[war:2006]] [[wo:2006]] [[yi:ה'תשס"ו]] [[zh:2006年]] [[zh-classical:二〇〇六年]] [[zh-min-nan:2006 nî]] [[zh-yue:2006年]] 843 2630 9455 2006-10-11T20:53:03Z 84.75.123.252 == == [[Traité ya Verdun]] (Dipanda ya Falansia) 9462 2006-10-12T10:46:59Z Bombo 12 ==likambo monɛnɛ== *[[Traité ya Verdun]] (Dipanda ya Falansia) ==mbotama== ==liwa== 9463 2006-10-12T10:47:35Z Bombo 12 ==likambo monɛnɛ== *[[Traité ya Verdun]] (Dipanda ya Falansia) ==mbotama== ==liwa== [[Category:ya 9 sekulɔ]] 9480 2006-10-12T11:22:35Z Bombo 12 ==Likambo monɛnɛ== *[[Traité ya Verdun]] (Dipanda ya Falansia) ==Mbotama== ==Liwa== [[Category:ya 9 sekulɔ]] [[de:843]] 9781 2006-11-18T02:56:17Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: af, an, ar, ast, az, bg, br, bs, ca, co, cs, cv, da, el, en, eo, es, et, eu, fi, fr, gd, hr, ht, hu, id, io, is, it, ja, ka, ko, lb, lmo, mk, ms, nap, nl, nn, no, oc, pl, pt, ro, ru, ru-sib, scn, sk, sl, sq, sr, sv, tr, tt, uk, uz, vec ==Likambo monɛnɛ== *[[Traité ya Verdun]] (Dipanda ya Falansia) ==Mbotama== ==Liwa== [[Category:ya 9 sekulɔ]] [[af:843]] [[an:843]] [[ar:843]] [[ast:843]] [[az:843]] [[bg:843]] [[br:843]] [[bs:843]] [[ca:843]] [[co:843]] [[cs:843]] [[cv:843]] [[da:843]] [[de:843]] [[el:843]] [[en:843]] [[eo:843]] [[es:843]] [[et:843]] [[eu:843]] [[fi:843]] [[fr:843]] [[gd:843]] [[hr:843]] [[ht:843 (almanak jilyen)]] [[hu:843]] [[id:843]] [[io:843]] [[is:843]] [[it:843]] [[ja:843年]] [[ka:843]] [[ko:843년]] [[lb:843]] [[lmo:843]] [[mk:843]] [[ms:843]] [[nap:843]] [[nl:843]] [[nn:843]] [[no:843]] [[oc:843]] [[pl:843]] [[pt:843]] [[ro:843]] [[ru:843 год]] [[ru-sib:843]] [[scn:843]] [[sk:843]] [[sl:843]] [[sq:843]] [[sr:843]] [[sv:843]] [[tr:843]] [[tt:843]] [[uk:843]] [[uz:843]] [[vec:843]] [[zh:843年]] 9931 2006-12-07T10:20:49Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[bn:৮৪৩]], [[bpy:মারি ৮৪৩]] ==Likambo monɛnɛ== *[[Traité ya Verdun]] (Dipanda ya Falansia) ==Mbotama== ==Liwa== [[Category:ya 9 sekulɔ]] [[af:843]] [[an:843]] [[ar:843]] [[ast:843]] [[az:843]] [[bg:843]] [[bn:৮৪৩]] [[bpy:মারি ৮৪৩]] [[br:843]] [[bs:843]] [[ca:843]] [[co:843]] [[cs:843]] [[cv:843]] [[da:843]] [[de:843]] [[el:843]] [[en:843]] [[eo:843]] [[es:843]] [[et:843]] [[eu:843]] [[fi:843]] [[fr:843]] [[gd:843]] [[hr:843]] [[ht:843 (almanak jilyen)]] [[hu:843]] [[id:843]] [[io:843]] [[is:843]] [[it:843]] [[ja:843年]] [[ka:843]] [[ko:843년]] [[lb:843]] [[lmo:843]] [[mk:843]] [[ms:843]] [[nap:843]] [[nl:843]] [[nn:843]] [[no:843]] [[oc:843]] [[pl:843]] [[pt:843]] [[ro:843]] [[ru:843 год]] [[ru-sib:843]] [[scn:843]] [[sk:843]] [[sl:843]] [[sq:843]] [[sr:843]] [[sv:843]] [[tr:843]] [[tt:843]] [[uk:843]] [[uz:843]] [[vec:843]] [[zh:843年]] 1939 2631 9457 2006-10-11T21:19:06Z 84.75.123.252 ==Mbotama== 27 novembere [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] (Mokambi-Ekólo ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]) 9464 2006-10-12T10:49:14Z Bombo 12 ==Likambo monɛnɛ== ==Mbotama== *27 novembere [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] (Mokambi-Ekólo ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]) ==Liwa== [[category:ya 20 sekulɔ]] 9481 2006-10-12T11:23:12Z Bombo 12 ==Likambo monɛnɛ== ==Mbotama== *27 novembere [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] (Mokambi-Ekólo ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]) ==Liwa== [[category:ya 20 sekulɔ]] [[en:1939]] 2001 2632 9458 2006-10-11T21:20:48Z 84.75.123.252 ==†== 16 novembere [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] (Mokambi-Ekólo ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]) 9465 2006-10-12T10:50:24Z Bombo 12 ==Likambo monɛnɛ== ==Mbotama== ==Liwa== *16 novembere [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] (Mokambi-Ekólo ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]) [[category:ya 21 sekulɔ]] 9482 2006-10-12T11:23:42Z Bombo 12 ==Likambo monɛnɛ== ==Mbotama== ==Liwa== *16 novembere: [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] (Mokambi-Ekólo ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]) [[category:ya 21 sekulɔ]] [[en:2001]] 1997 2633 9466 2006-10-12T10:52:01Z Bombo 12 ==Likambo monɛnɛ== *17 may [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] akóma Mokambi-Ekólo ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. ==Mbotama== ==Liwa== [[category:ya 20 sekulɔ]] 1960 2634 9468 2006-10-12T11:05:00Z Bombo 12 ==Likambo monɛnɛ== *30 yúni: [[Kɔ́ngɔ belji]] ekóma [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]. ==Mbotama== ==Liwa== [[category:ya 20 sekulɔ]] 9478 2006-10-12T11:20:18Z Bombo 12 /* Likambo monɛnɛ */ ==Likambo monɛnɛ== *30 yúni: [[Kɔ́ngɔ belji]] ekóma [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]. *1 yúli: [[Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] akóma Mokambi-Ekólo ya [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]. ==Mbotama== ==Liwa== [[category:ya 20 sekulɔ]] 9479 2006-10-12T11:20:37Z Bombo 12 /* Liwa */ ==Likambo monɛnɛ== *30 yúni: [[Kɔ́ngɔ belji]] ekóma [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]. *1 yúli: [[Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] akóma Mokambi-Ekólo ya [[Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]. ==Mbotama== ==Liwa== [[category:ya 20 sekulɔ]] [[fr:1960]] 9495 2006-10-13T11:22:47Z Moyogo 11 ==Likambo monɛnɛ== *30 yúni: [[Kɔ́ngɔ belji]] ekóma [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]. *1 yúli: [[Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] akóma Mokambi-Ekólo ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]. ==Mbotama== ==Liwa== [[category:ya 20 sekulɔ]] [[fr:1960]] 9746 2006-11-13T10:47:39Z 160.85.2.50 /* Likambo monɛnɛ */ ==Likambo monɛnɛ== *[[30 yúni]]: [[Kɔ́ngɔ belji]] ekóma [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]. *30 yúni: [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] dipanda na [[Bɛ́lɛjika]] *[[1 yúli]]: [[Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] akóma Mokambi-Ekólo ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ]]. ==Mbotama== ==Liwa== [[category:ya 20 sekulɔ]] [[fr:1960]] 2005 2635 9469 2006-10-12T11:08:53Z Bombo 12 ==Likambo monɛnɛ== *8 yúli: [[Justine Kitubu Kamanda]] azali bourgemestre ya La Gombe. ==Mbotama== ==Liwa== [[category:ya 21 sekulɔ]] 9470 2006-10-12T11:09:35Z Bombo 12 ==Likambo monɛnɛ== *8 yúli: [[Justine Kitubu Kamanda]] azali bourgemestre ya [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)|La Gombe]]. ==Mbotama== ==Liwa== [[category:ya 21 sekulɔ]] 9473 2006-10-12T11:13:11Z Bombo 12 /* Likambo monɛnɛ */ ==Likambo monɛnɛ== *8 yúli: [[Justine Kitubu Kamanda]] azali bourgemestre ya [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)|La Gombe]]. *8 yúli: [[Roger Ngamika Mvumu]] azali bourgemestre ya [[Barumbu]]. ==Mbotama== ==Liwa== [[category:ya 21 sekulɔ]] 9483 2006-10-12T11:24:20Z Bombo 12 ==Likambo monɛnɛ== *8 yúli: [[Justine Kitubu Kamanda]] azali bourgemestre ya [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)|La Gombe]]. *8 yúli: [[Roger Ngamika Mvumu]] azali bourgemestre ya [[Barumbu]]. ==Mbotama== ==Liwa== [[category:ya 21 sekulɔ]] [[en:2005]] 9520 2006-10-18T20:52:23Z Robbot 14 robot Ajoute: af, als, am, an, ang, ar, ast, av, az, bat-smg, be, bg, bn, br, bs, ca, cho, cs, csb, cv, cy, da, de, el, eo, es, et, eu, fi, fo, fr, frp, fur, fy, ga, gd, gl, haw, he, hi, hr, ht, hu, hy, ia, id, ilo, io, is, it, ja, ka, kn, ko, ksh, ==Likambo monɛnɛ== *8 yúli: [[Justine Kitubu Kamanda]] azali bourgemestre ya [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)|La Gombe]]. *8 yúli: [[Roger Ngamika Mvumu]] azali bourgemestre ya [[Barumbu]]. ==Mbotama== ==Liwa== [[category:ya 21 sekulɔ]] [[af:2005]] [[als:2005]] [[am:2005 እ.ኤ.አ.]] [[an:2005]] [[ang:2005]] [[ar:2005]] [[ast:2005]] [[av:2005]] [[az:2005]] [[bat-smg:2005]] [[be:2005]] [[bg:2005]] [[bn:২০০৫]] [[br:2005]] [[bs:2005]] [[ca:2005]] [[cho:2005]] [[cs:2005]] [[csb:2005]] [[cv:2005]] [[cy:2005]] [[da:2005]] [[de:2005]] [[el:2005]] [[en:2005]] [[eo:2005]] [[es:2005]] [[et:2005]] [[eu:2005]] [[fi:2005]] [[fo:2005]] [[fr:2005]] [[frp:2005]] [[fur:2005]] [[fy:2005]] [[ga:2005]] [[gd:2005]] [[gl:2005]] [[haw:2005]] [[he:2005]] [[hi:२००५]] [[hr:2005]] [[ht:2005 (almanak gregoryen)]] [[hu:2005]] [[hy:2005]] [[ia:2005]] [[id:2005]] [[ilo:2005]] [[io:2005]] [[is:2005]] [[it:2005]] [[ja:2005年]] [[ka:2005]] [[kn:೨೦೦೫]] [[ko:2005년]] [[ksh:2005]] [[ku:2005]] [[kw:2005]] [[la:2005]] [[lb:2005]] [[lg:2005]] [[li:2005]] [[lmo:2005]] [[lt:2005]] [[mi:2005]] [[mk:2005]] [[ml:2005]] [[mo:2005]] [[mr:ई.स. २००५]] [[ms:2005]] [[nap:2005]] [[nds:2005]] [[nds-nl:2005]] [[nl:2005]] [[nn:2005]] [[no:2005]] [[nrm:2005]] [[oc:2005]] [[os:2005]] [[pam:2005]] [[pdc:2005]] [[pl:2005]] [[pms:2005]] [[pt:2005]] [[qu:2005]] [[ro:2005]] [[ru:2005 год]] [[scn:2005]] [[sco:2005]] [[se:2005]] [[sh:2005]] [[simple:2005]] [[sk:2005]] [[sl:2005]] [[sm:2005]] [[sq:2005]] [[sr:2005]] [[su:2005]] [[sv:2005]] [[sw:2005]] [[ta:2005]] [[te:2005]] [[tet:2005]] [[th:พ.ศ. 2548]] [[tk:2005]] [[tl:2005]] [[tpi:2005]] [[tr:2005]] [[tt:2005]] [[udm:2005]] [[uk:2005]] [[uz:2005]] [[vec:2005]] [[vi:2005]] [[wa:2005]] [[war:2005]] [[yi:2005]] [[zh:2005年]] [[zh-min-nan:2005 nî]] [[zh-yue:2005年]] 9652 2006-11-02T22:08:33Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[ru-sib:2005]] Modifie: [[ksh:Joohr 2005]] ==Likambo monɛnɛ== *8 yúli: [[Justine Kitubu Kamanda]] azali bourgemestre ya [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)|La Gombe]]. *8 yúli: [[Roger Ngamika Mvumu]] azali bourgemestre ya [[Barumbu]]. ==Mbotama== ==Liwa== [[category:ya 21 sekulɔ]] [[af:2005]] [[als:2005]] [[am:2005 እ.ኤ.አ.]] [[an:2005]] [[ang:2005]] [[ar:2005]] [[ast:2005]] [[av:2005]] [[az:2005]] [[bat-smg:2005]] [[be:2005]] [[bg:2005]] [[bn:২০০৫]] [[br:2005]] [[bs:2005]] [[ca:2005]] [[cho:2005]] [[cs:2005]] [[csb:2005]] [[cv:2005]] [[cy:2005]] [[da:2005]] [[de:2005]] [[el:2005]] [[en:2005]] [[eo:2005]] [[es:2005]] [[et:2005]] [[eu:2005]] [[fi:2005]] [[fo:2005]] [[fr:2005]] [[frp:2005]] [[fur:2005]] [[fy:2005]] [[ga:2005]] [[gd:2005]] [[gl:2005]] [[haw:2005]] [[he:2005]] [[hi:२००५]] [[hr:2005]] [[ht:2005 (almanak gregoryen)]] [[hu:2005]] [[hy:2005]] [[ia:2005]] [[id:2005]] [[ilo:2005]] [[io:2005]] [[is:2005]] [[it:2005]] [[ja:2005年]] [[ka:2005]] [[kn:೨೦೦೫]] [[ko:2005년]] [[ksh:Joohr 2005]] [[ku:2005]] [[kw:2005]] [[la:2005]] [[lb:2005]] [[lg:2005]] [[li:2005]] [[lmo:2005]] [[lt:2005]] [[mi:2005]] [[mk:2005]] [[ml:2005]] [[mo:2005]] [[mr:ई.स. २००५]] [[ms:2005]] [[nap:2005]] [[nds:2005]] [[nds-nl:2005]] [[nl:2005]] [[nn:2005]] [[no:2005]] [[nrm:2005]] [[oc:2005]] [[os:2005]] [[pam:2005]] [[pdc:2005]] [[pl:2005]] [[pms:2005]] [[pt:2005]] [[qu:2005]] [[ro:2005]] [[ru:2005 год]] [[ru-sib:2005]] [[scn:2005]] [[sco:2005]] [[se:2005]] [[sh:2005]] [[simple:2005]] [[sk:2005]] [[sl:2005]] [[sm:2005]] [[sq:2005]] [[sr:2005]] [[su:2005]] [[sv:2005]] [[sw:2005]] [[ta:2005]] [[te:2005]] [[tet:2005]] [[th:พ.ศ. 2548]] [[tk:2005]] [[tl:2005]] [[tpi:2005]] [[tr:2005]] [[tt:2005]] [[udm:2005]] [[uk:2005]] [[uz:2005]] [[vec:2005]] [[vi:2005]] [[wa:2005]] [[war:2005]] [[yi:2005]] [[zh:2005年]] [[zh-min-nan:2005 nî]] [[zh-yue:2005年]] 9769 2006-11-14T22:08:28Z 84.75.123.252 /* Likambo monɛnɛ */ ==Likambo monɛnɛ== *19 aprili: Joseph Alois Ratzinger azali [[Pápa Benwa XVI]] na [[Eklesia katolike]]. *8 yúli: [[Justine Kitubu Kamanda]] azali bourgemestre ya [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)|La Gombe]]. *8 yúli: [[Roger Ngamika Mvumu]] azali bourgemestre ya [[Barumbu]]. ==Mbotama== ==Liwa== [[category:ya 21 sekulɔ]] [[af:2005]] [[als:2005]] [[am:2005 እ.ኤ.አ.]] [[an:2005]] [[ang:2005]] [[ar:2005]] [[ast:2005]] [[av:2005]] [[az:2005]] [[bat-smg:2005]] [[be:2005]] [[bg:2005]] [[bn:২০০৫]] [[br:2005]] [[bs:2005]] [[ca:2005]] [[cho:2005]] [[cs:2005]] [[csb:2005]] [[cv:2005]] [[cy:2005]] [[da:2005]] [[de:2005]] [[el:2005]] [[en:2005]] [[eo:2005]] [[es:2005]] [[et:2005]] [[eu:2005]] [[fi:2005]] [[fo:2005]] [[fr:2005]] [[frp:2005]] [[fur:2005]] [[fy:2005]] [[ga:2005]] [[gd:2005]] [[gl:2005]] [[haw:2005]] [[he:2005]] [[hi:२००५]] [[hr:2005]] [[ht:2005 (almanak gregoryen)]] [[hu:2005]] [[hy:2005]] [[ia:2005]] [[id:2005]] [[ilo:2005]] [[io:2005]] [[is:2005]] [[it:2005]] [[ja:2005年]] [[ka:2005]] [[kn:೨೦೦೫]] [[ko:2005년]] [[ksh:Joohr 2005]] [[ku:2005]] [[kw:2005]] [[la:2005]] [[lb:2005]] [[lg:2005]] [[li:2005]] [[lmo:2005]] [[lt:2005]] [[mi:2005]] [[mk:2005]] [[ml:2005]] [[mo:2005]] [[mr:ई.स. २००५]] [[ms:2005]] [[nap:2005]] [[nds:2005]] [[nds-nl:2005]] [[nl:2005]] [[nn:2005]] [[no:2005]] [[nrm:2005]] [[oc:2005]] [[os:2005]] [[pam:2005]] [[pdc:2005]] [[pl:2005]] [[pms:2005]] [[pt:2005]] [[qu:2005]] [[ro:2005]] [[ru:2005 год]] [[ru-sib:2005]] [[scn:2005]] [[sco:2005]] [[se:2005]] [[sh:2005]] [[simple:2005]] [[sk:2005]] [[sl:2005]] [[sm:2005]] [[sq:2005]] [[sr:2005]] [[su:2005]] [[sv:2005]] [[sw:2005]] [[ta:2005]] [[te:2005]] [[tet:2005]] [[th:พ.ศ. 2548]] [[tk:2005]] [[tl:2005]] [[tpi:2005]] [[tr:2005]] [[tt:2005]] [[udm:2005]] [[uk:2005]] [[uz:2005]] [[vec:2005]] [[vi:2005]] [[wa:2005]] [[war:2005]] [[yi:2005]] [[zh:2005年]] [[zh-min-nan:2005 nî]] [[zh-yue:2005年]] 9879 2006-11-26T20:16:20Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[nov:2005]] ==Likambo monɛnɛ== *19 aprili: Joseph Alois Ratzinger azali [[Pápa Benwa XVI]] na [[Eklesia katolike]]. *8 yúli: [[Justine Kitubu Kamanda]] azali bourgemestre ya [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)|La Gombe]]. *8 yúli: [[Roger Ngamika Mvumu]] azali bourgemestre ya [[Barumbu]]. ==Mbotama== ==Liwa== [[category:ya 21 sekulɔ]] [[af:2005]] [[als:2005]] [[am:2005 እ.ኤ.አ.]] [[an:2005]] [[ang:2005]] [[ar:2005]] [[ast:2005]] [[av:2005]] [[az:2005]] [[bat-smg:2005]] [[be:2005]] [[bg:2005]] [[bn:২০০৫]] [[br:2005]] [[bs:2005]] [[ca:2005]] [[cho:2005]] [[cs:2005]] [[csb:2005]] [[cv:2005]] [[cy:2005]] [[da:2005]] [[de:2005]] [[el:2005]] [[en:2005]] [[eo:2005]] [[es:2005]] [[et:2005]] [[eu:2005]] [[fi:2005]] [[fo:2005]] [[fr:2005]] [[frp:2005]] [[fur:2005]] [[fy:2005]] [[ga:2005]] [[gd:2005]] [[gl:2005]] [[haw:2005]] [[he:2005]] [[hi:२००५]] [[hr:2005]] [[ht:2005 (almanak gregoryen)]] [[hu:2005]] [[hy:2005]] [[ia:2005]] [[id:2005]] [[ilo:2005]] [[io:2005]] [[is:2005]] [[it:2005]] [[ja:2005年]] [[ka:2005]] [[kn:೨೦೦೫]] [[ko:2005년]] [[ksh:Joohr 2005]] [[ku:2005]] [[kw:2005]] [[la:2005]] [[lb:2005]] [[lg:2005]] [[li:2005]] [[lmo:2005]] [[lt:2005]] [[mi:2005]] [[mk:2005]] [[ml:2005]] [[mo:2005]] [[mr:ई.स. २००५]] [[ms:2005]] [[nap:2005]] [[nds:2005]] [[nds-nl:2005]] [[nl:2005]] [[nn:2005]] [[no:2005]] [[nov:2005]] [[nrm:2005]] [[oc:2005]] [[os:2005]] [[pam:2005]] [[pdc:2005]] [[pl:2005]] [[pms:2005]] [[pt:2005]] [[qu:2005]] [[ro:2005]] [[ru:2005 год]] [[ru-sib:2005]] [[scn:2005]] [[sco:2005]] [[se:2005]] [[sh:2005]] [[simple:2005]] [[sk:2005]] [[sl:2005]] [[sm:2005]] [[sq:2005]] [[sr:2005]] [[su:2005]] [[sv:2005]] [[sw:2005]] [[ta:2005]] [[te:2005]] [[tet:2005]] [[th:พ.ศ. 2548]] [[tk:2005]] [[tl:2005]] [[tpi:2005]] [[tr:2005]] [[tt:2005]] [[udm:2005]] [[uk:2005]] [[uz:2005]] [[vec:2005]] [[vi:2005]] [[wa:2005]] [[war:2005]] [[yi:2005]] [[zh:2005年]] [[zh-min-nan:2005 nî]] [[zh-yue:2005年]] 9927 2006-12-05T16:05:28Z JAnDbot 85 robot Ajoute: [[bpy:মারি ২০০৫]], [[cr:2005]], [[fiu-vro:2005]] ==Likambo monɛnɛ== *19 aprili: Joseph Alois Ratzinger azali [[Pápa Benwa XVI]] na [[Eklesia katolike]]. *8 yúli: [[Justine Kitubu Kamanda]] azali bourgemestre ya [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)|La Gombe]]. *8 yúli: [[Roger Ngamika Mvumu]] azali bourgemestre ya [[Barumbu]]. ==Mbotama== ==Liwa== [[category:ya 21 sekulɔ]] [[af:2005]] [[als:2005]] [[am:2005 እ.ኤ.አ.]] [[an:2005]] [[ang:2005]] [[ar:2005]] [[ast:2005]] [[av:2005]] [[az:2005]] [[bat-smg:2005]] [[be:2005]] [[bg:2005]] [[bn:২০০৫]] [[bpy:মারি ২০০৫]] [[br:2005]] [[bs:2005]] [[ca:2005]] [[cho:2005]] [[cr:2005]] [[cs:2005]] [[csb:2005]] [[cv:2005]] [[cy:2005]] [[da:2005]] [[de:2005]] [[el:2005]] [[en:2005]] [[eo:2005]] [[es:2005]] [[et:2005]] [[eu:2005]] [[fi:2005]] [[fiu-vro:2005]] [[fo:2005]] [[fr:2005]] [[frp:2005]] [[fur:2005]] [[fy:2005]] [[ga:2005]] [[gd:2005]] [[gl:2005]] [[haw:2005]] [[he:2005]] [[hi:२००५]] [[hr:2005]] [[ht:2005 (almanak gregoryen)]] [[hu:2005]] [[hy:2005]] [[ia:2005]] [[id:2005]] [[ilo:2005]] [[io:2005]] [[is:2005]] [[it:2005]] [[ja:2005年]] [[ka:2005]] [[kn:೨೦೦೫]] [[ko:2005년]] [[ksh:Joohr 2005]] [[ku:2005]] [[kw:2005]] [[la:2005]] [[lb:2005]] [[lg:2005]] [[li:2005]] [[lmo:2005]] [[lt:2005]] [[mi:2005]] [[mk:2005]] [[ml:2005]] [[mo:2005]] [[mr:ई.स. २००५]] [[ms:2005]] [[nap:2005]] [[nds:2005]] [[nds-nl:2005]] [[nl:2005]] [[nn:2005]] [[no:2005]] [[nov:2005]] [[nrm:2005]] [[oc:2005]] [[os:2005]] [[pam:2005]] [[pdc:2005]] [[pl:2005]] [[pms:2005]] [[pt:2005]] [[qu:2005]] [[ro:2005]] [[ru:2005 год]] [[ru-sib:2005]] [[scn:2005]] [[sco:2005]] [[se:2005]] [[sh:2005]] [[simple:2005]] [[sk:2005]] [[sl:2005]] [[sm:2005]] [[sq:2005]] [[sr:2005]] [[su:2005]] [[sv:2005]] [[sw:2005]] [[ta:2005]] [[te:2005]] [[tet:2005]] [[th:พ.ศ. 2548]] [[tk:2005]] [[tl:2005]] [[tpi:2005]] [[tr:2005]] [[tt:2005]] [[udm:2005]] [[uk:2005]] [[uz:2005]] [[vec:2005]] [[vi:2005]] [[wa:2005]] [[war:2005]] [[yi:2005]] [[zh:2005年]] [[zh-min-nan:2005 nî]] [[zh-yue:2005年]] 9929 2006-12-06T10:46:35Z JAnDbot 85 robot Ajoute: [[bug:2005]], [[cbk-zam:2005]], [[ho:2005]] ==Likambo monɛnɛ== *19 aprili: Joseph Alois Ratzinger azali [[Pápa Benwa XVI]] na [[Eklesia katolike]]. *8 yúli: [[Justine Kitubu Kamanda]] azali bourgemestre ya [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)|La Gombe]]. *8 yúli: [[Roger Ngamika Mvumu]] azali bourgemestre ya [[Barumbu]]. ==Mbotama== ==Liwa== [[category:ya 21 sekulɔ]] [[af:2005]] [[als:2005]] [[am:2005 እ.ኤ.አ.]] [[an:2005]] [[ang:2005]] [[ar:2005]] [[ast:2005]] [[av:2005]] [[az:2005]] [[bat-smg:2005]] [[be:2005]] [[bg:2005]] [[bn:২০০৫]] [[bpy:মারি ২০০৫]] [[br:2005]] [[bs:2005]] [[bug:2005]] [[ca:2005]] [[cbk-zam:2005]] [[cho:2005]] [[cr:2005]] [[cs:2005]] [[csb:2005]] [[cv:2005]] [[cy:2005]] [[da:2005]] [[de:2005]] [[el:2005]] [[en:2005]] [[eo:2005]] [[es:2005]] [[et:2005]] [[eu:2005]] [[fi:2005]] [[fiu-vro:2005]] [[fo:2005]] [[fr:2005]] [[frp:2005]] [[fur:2005]] [[fy:2005]] [[ga:2005]] [[gd:2005]] [[gl:2005]] [[haw:2005]] [[he:2005]] [[hi:२००५]] [[ho:2005]] [[hr:2005]] [[ht:2005 (almanak gregoryen)]] [[hu:2005]] [[hy:2005]] [[ia:2005]] [[id:2005]] [[ilo:2005]] [[io:2005]] [[is:2005]] [[it:2005]] [[ja:2005年]] [[ka:2005]] [[kn:೨೦೦೫]] [[ko:2005년]] [[ksh:Joohr 2005]] [[ku:2005]] [[kw:2005]] [[la:2005]] [[lb:2005]] [[lg:2005]] [[li:2005]] [[lmo:2005]] [[lt:2005]] [[mi:2005]] [[mk:2005]] [[ml:2005]] [[mo:2005]] [[mr:ई.स. २००५]] [[ms:2005]] [[nap:2005]] [[nds:2005]] [[nds-nl:2005]] [[nl:2005]] [[nn:2005]] [[no:2005]] [[nov:2005]] [[nrm:2005]] [[oc:2005]] [[os:2005]] [[pam:2005]] [[pdc:2005]] [[pl:2005]] [[pms:2005]] [[pt:2005]] [[qu:2005]] [[ro:2005]] [[ru:2005 год]] [[ru-sib:2005]] [[scn:2005]] [[sco:2005]] [[se:2005]] [[sh:2005]] [[simple:2005]] [[sk:2005]] [[sl:2005]] [[sm:2005]] [[sq:2005]] [[sr:2005]] [[su:2005]] [[sv:2005]] [[sw:2005]] [[ta:2005]] [[te:2005]] [[tet:2005]] [[th:พ.ศ. 2548]] [[tk:2005]] [[tl:2005]] [[tpi:2005]] [[tr:2005]] [[tt:2005]] [[udm:2005]] [[uk:2005]] [[uz:2005]] [[vec:2005]] [[vi:2005]] [[wa:2005]] [[war:2005]] [[yi:2005]] [[zh:2005年]] [[zh-min-nan:2005 nî]] [[zh-yue:2005年]] 1625 2636 9472 2006-10-12T11:11:58Z Bombo 12 ==Likambo monɛnɛ== *Congrégation de la Mission ([[Lazariste]]) ebandi o engumba [[Pari]]. ==Mbotama== ==Liwa== [[category:ya 17 sekulɔ]] 9484 2006-10-12T11:24:51Z Bombo 12 ==Likambo monɛnɛ== *Congrégation de la Mission ([[Lazariste]]) ebandi o engumba [[Pari]]. ==Mbotama== ==Liwa== [[category:ya 17 sekulɔ]] [[en:1625]] 1971 2637 9475 2006-10-12T11:18:10Z Bombo 12 ==Likambo monɛnɛ00 ==Mbotama== *[[Joseph Kabila|Joseph Kabila Kabange]] ==Liwa== [[category:ya 20 sekulɔ]] 9476 2006-10-12T11:18:26Z Bombo 12 ==Likambo monɛnɛ== ==Mbotama== *[[Joseph Kabila|Joseph Kabila Kabange]] ==Liwa== [[category:ya 20 sekulɔ]] 9477 2006-10-12T11:18:55Z Bombo 12 /* Liwa */ ==Likambo monɛnɛ== ==Mbotama== *[[Joseph Kabila|Joseph Kabila Kabange]] ==Liwa== [[category:ya 20 sekulɔ]] [[en:1971]] Category:Ya 21 sekulɔ 2638 9485 2006-10-12T11:28:06Z Bombo 12 [[category:basekulɔ]] Category:Ya 17 sekulɔ 2639 9486 2006-10-12T11:28:57Z Bombo 12 [[category:basekulɔ]] Category:Ya 20 sekulɔ 2640 9487 2006-10-12T11:29:51Z Bombo 12 [[Category:basekulɔ]] Category:Ya 9 sekulɔ 2641 9488 2006-10-12T11:30:28Z Bombo 12 [[Category:basekulɔ]] 2000 2642 9489 2006-10-12T11:31:57Z Bombo 12 ==Likambo monɛnɛ== ==Mbotama== ==Liwa== [[Category:ya 20 sekulɔ]] [[en:2000]] Wikipedia:Elɔ́kɔ ya sika 2643 9492 2006-10-12T11:39:32Z Bombo 12 '''Comment écrire le lingála?''' Quelques [[User:Moyogo|indications]]. 13:34, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC) '''Comment écrire le lingála?''' Notre [[User_talk:Bombo#caract.C3.A8res_sp.C3.A9ciaux|discussion]]. 18:36, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wikistats/FR/ChartsWikipediaLN.htm '''Statistiques'''] sur la Wikipédia Lingála (en français) Elɔ́kɔ ya sika 2644 9493 2006-10-12T11:40:58Z Bombo 12 Redirecting to [[Wikipedia:Elɔ́kɔ ya sika]] #REDIRECT [[Wikipedia:Elɔ́kɔ ya sika]] Pake 2645 9532 2006-10-22T13:15:03Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Russian Resurrection icon.jpg|thumb|[[Résurection]], icône russe, 16&nbsp;sekulo]] Mbula na mbula [[Boyúda|Bayúda]] bazlaki kosepela feti ya '''Pake''' po na kokanisa ndenge [[Nzambe]] abimisaká bakoko n abango na [[Ejipte]], esika bazalaká baumbu. [[Yesu]] ayaki na [[Yeruzalemi]] po na feti ya Pake; bongo kaka na mikolo wana nde bakomaki ye. Wango bana [[bokrísto|bakrísto]] basepelaka feti ya Pake po na kokanisa kosekwa ya Yesu. {| {{prettytable-R}} |- |+ Eyenga ya Pake de 2000 à 2030 |- {{highlight}} ! xyz !! Églises<br />ya weste !! Églises<br />ya este |- ! [[2000]] | [[23 avril]] || [[30 avril]] |- ! [[2001]] |colspan=2 align=center| [[15 avril]] |- ! [[2002]] | [[31 mars]] || [[5 mai]] |- ! [[2003]] | [[20 avril]] || [[27 avril]] |- ! [[2004]] | colspan=2 align=center| [[11 avril]] |- ! [[2005]] | [[27 mars]] || [[1 mai]] |- ! [[2006]] | [[16 avril]] || [[23 avril]] |- ! [[2007]] | colspan=2 align=center| [[8 avril]] |- ! [[2008]] | [[23 mars]] || [[27 avril]] |- ! [[2009]] | [[12 avril]] || [[19 avril]] |- ! [[2010]] | colspan=2 align=center| [[4 avril]] |- ! [[2011]] | colspan=2 align=center| [[24 avril]] |- ! [[2012]] | [[8 avril]] || [[15 avril]] |- ! [[2013]] | [[31 mars]] || [[5 mai]] |- ! [[2014]] | colspan=2 align=center| [[20 avril]] |- ! [[2015]] | [[5 avril]] || [[12 avril]] |- ! [[2016]] | [[27 mars]] || [[1 mai]] |- ! [[2017]] | colspan=2 align=center| [[16 avril]] |- ! [[2018]] | [[1 avril]] || [[8 avril]] |- ! [[2019]] | [[21 avril]] || [[28 avril]] |- ! [[2020]] | [[12 mars]] || [[19. April]] |- ! [[2021]] | [[4 avril]] || [[2 mai]] |- ! [[2022]] | [[17 avril]] || [[24 avril]] |- ! [[2023]] | [[9 avril]] || [[16 avril]] |- ! [[2024]] | [[31 mars]] || [[5 mai]] |- ! [[2025]] | colspan=2 align=center| [[20 avril]] |- ! [[2026]] | [[5 avril]] || [[12 avril]] |- ! [[2027]] | [[28 mars]] || [[2 mai]] |- ! [[2028]] | colspan=2 align=center| [[16 avril]] |- ! [[2029]] | [[1 avril]] || [[8 avril]] |- ! [[2030]] | [[21 avril]] || [[28 avril]] |} [[Category:Pake]] [[Category:Feti]] [[als:Ostern]] [[bg:Великден]] [[bs:Uskrs]] [[ca:Setmana Santa]] [[cs:Velikonoce]] [[da:Påske]] [[el:Πάσχα]] [[en:Easter]] [[eo:Pasko]] [[es:Pascua]] [[fa:&#1593;&#1740;&#1583; &#1662;&#1575;&#1705;]] [[fi:Pääsiäinen]] [[fr:Pâques]] [[fy:Peaske]] [[he:&#1508;&#1505;&#1495;&#1488;]] [[hu:Húsvét]] [[id:Paskah]] [[it:Pasqua cristiana]] [[ja:復活祭]] [[ka:აღდგომა]] [[ko:부활절]] [[la:Festum Ressurectionis Christi]] [[li:Paosje]] [[lt:Velykos]] [[nl:Paasfeest]] [[nn:Påske]] [[no:Påske]] [[pl:Wielkanoc]] [[pt:Páscoa]] [[ro:Pa&#351;ti]] [[ru:Пасха]] [[sk:Veľká noc]] [[sv:Påsk]] [[tl:Pasko ng Pagkabuhay]] [[uk:Великдень]] [[vi:L&#7877; Ph&#7909;c Sinh]] [[wa:Påke]] [[zh-tw:復活節]] [[zh-min-nan:Koh-oa̍h-cheh]] 9543 2006-10-22T14:12:24Z Bombo 12 a>á [[Image:Russian Resurrection icon.jpg|thumb|[[Résurection]], icône russe, 16&nbsp;sekulo]] Mbula na mbula [[Boyúda|Bayúda]] bazlaki kosepela feti ya '''Pake''' po na kokanisa ndenge [[Nzámbe]] abimisaká bakoko n abango na [[Ejipte]], esika bazalaká baumbu. [[Yesu]] ayaki na [[Yeruzalemi]] po na feti ya Pake; bongo kaka na mikolo wana nde bakomaki ye. Wango bana [[bokrísto|bakrísto]] basepelaka feti ya Pake po na kokanisa kosekwa ya Yesu. {| {{prettytable-R}} |- |+ Eyenga ya Pake de 2000 à 2030 |- {{highlight}} ! xyz !! Églises<br />ya weste !! Églises<br />ya este |- ! [[2000]] | [[23 avril]] || [[30 avril]] |- ! [[2001]] |colspan=2 align=center| [[15 avril]] |- ! [[2002]] | [[31 mars]] || [[5 mai]] |- ! [[2003]] | [[20 avril]] || [[27 avril]] |- ! [[2004]] | colspan=2 align=center| [[11 avril]] |- ! [[2005]] | [[27 mars]] || [[1 mai]] |- ! [[2006]] | [[16 avril]] || [[23 avril]] |- ! [[2007]] | colspan=2 align=center| [[8 avril]] |- ! [[2008]] | [[23 mars]] || [[27 avril]] |- ! [[2009]] | [[12 avril]] || [[19 avril]] |- ! [[2010]] | colspan=2 align=center| [[4 avril]] |- ! [[2011]] | colspan=2 align=center| [[24 avril]] |- ! [[2012]] | [[8 avril]] || [[15 avril]] |- ! [[2013]] | [[31 mars]] || [[5 mai]] |- ! [[2014]] | colspan=2 align=center| [[20 avril]] |- ! [[2015]] | [[5 avril]] || [[12 avril]] |- ! [[2016]] | [[27 mars]] || [[1 mai]] |- ! [[2017]] | colspan=2 align=center| [[16 avril]] |- ! [[2018]] | [[1 avril]] || [[8 avril]] |- ! [[2019]] | [[21 avril]] || [[28 avril]] |- ! [[2020]] | [[12 mars]] || [[19. April]] |- ! [[2021]] | [[4 avril]] || [[2 mai]] |- ! [[2022]] | [[17 avril]] || [[24 avril]] |- ! [[2023]] | [[9 avril]] || [[16 avril]] |- ! [[2024]] | [[31 mars]] || [[5 mai]] |- ! [[2025]] | colspan=2 align=center| [[20 avril]] |- ! [[2026]] | [[5 avril]] || [[12 avril]] |- ! [[2027]] | [[28 mars]] || [[2 mai]] |- ! [[2028]] | colspan=2 align=center| [[16 avril]] |- ! [[2029]] | [[1 avril]] || [[8 avril]] |- ! [[2030]] | [[21 avril]] || [[28 avril]] |} [[Category:Pake]] [[Category:Feti]] [[als:Ostern]] [[bg:Великден]] [[bs:Uskrs]] [[ca:Setmana Santa]] [[cs:Velikonoce]] [[da:Påske]] [[el:Πάσχα]] [[en:Easter]] [[eo:Pasko]] [[es:Pascua]] [[fa:&#1593;&#1740;&#1583; &#1662;&#1575;&#1705;]] [[fi:Pääsiäinen]] [[fr:Pâques]] [[fy:Peaske]] [[he:&#1508;&#1505;&#1495;&#1488;]] [[hu:Húsvét]] [[id:Paskah]] [[it:Pasqua cristiana]] [[ja:復活祭]] [[ka:აღდგომა]] [[ko:부활절]] [[la:Festum Ressurectionis Christi]] [[li:Paosje]] [[lt:Velykos]] [[nl:Paasfeest]] [[nn:Påske]] [[no:Påske]] [[pl:Wielkanoc]] [[pt:Páscoa]] [[ro:Pa&#351;ti]] [[ru:Пасха]] [[sk:Veľká noc]] [[sv:Påsk]] [[tl:Pasko ng Pagkabuhay]] [[uk:Великдень]] [[vi:L&#7877; Ph&#7909;c Sinh]] [[wa:Påke]] [[zh-tw:復活節]] [[zh-min-nan:Koh-oa̍h-cheh]] 9553 2006-10-22T15:11:03Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Russian Resurrection icon.jpg|thumb|[[Résurection]], icône russe, 16&nbsp;sekulo]] Mbula na mbula [[Boyúda|Bayúda]] bazlaki kosepela feti ya '''Pake''' po na kokanisa ndenge [[Nzámbe]] abimisaká bakoko n abango na [[Ejipte]], esika bazalaká baumbu. [[Yesu]] ayaki na [[Yeruzalemi]] po na feti ya Pake; bongo kaka na mikolo wana nde bakomaki ye. Wango bana [[bokrísto|bakrísto]] basepelaka feti ya Pake po na kokanisa kosekwa ya Yesu. {| {{prettytable-R}} |- |+ '''Eyenga ya Pake ya 2000 na 2030''' |- {{highlight}} ! xyz !! Églises<br />ya weste !! Églises<br />ya este |- ! [[2000]] | [[23 avril]] || [[30 avril]] |- ! [[2001]] |colspan=2 align=center| [[15 avril]] |- ! [[2002]] | [[31 mars]] || [[5 mai]] |- ! [[2003]] | [[20 avril]] || [[27 avril]] |- ! [[2004]] | colspan=2 align=center| [[11 avril]] |- ! [[2005]] | [[27 mars]] || [[1 mai]] |- ! [[2006]] | [[16 avril]] || [[23 avril]] |- ! [[2007]] | colspan=2 align=center| [[8 avril]] |- ! [[2008]] | [[23 mars]] || [[27 avril]] |- ! [[2009]] | [[12 avril]] || [[19 avril]] |- ! [[2010]] | colspan=2 align=center| [[4 avril]] |- ! [[2011]] | colspan=2 align=center| [[24 avril]] |- ! [[2012]] | [[8 avril]] || [[15 avril]] |- ! [[2013]] | [[31 mars]] || [[5 mai]] |- ! [[2014]] | colspan=2 align=center| [[20 avril]] |- ! [[2015]] | [[5 avril]] || [[12 avril]] |- ! [[2016]] | [[27 mars]] || [[1 mai]] |- ! [[2017]] | colspan=2 align=center| [[16 avril]] |- ! [[2018]] | [[1 avril]] || [[8 avril]] |- ! [[2019]] | [[21 avril]] || [[28 avril]] |- ! [[2020]] | [[12 mars]] || [[19. April]] |- ! [[2021]] | [[4 avril]] || [[2 mai]] |- ! [[2022]] | [[17 avril]] || [[24 avril]] |- ! [[2023]] | [[9 avril]] || [[16 avril]] |- ! [[2024]] | [[31 mars]] || [[5 mai]] |- ! [[2025]] | colspan=2 align=center| [[20 avril]] |- ! [[2026]] | [[5 avril]] || [[12 avril]] |- ! [[2027]] | [[28 mars]] || [[2 mai]] |- ! [[2028]] | colspan=2 align=center| [[16 avril]] |- ! [[2029]] | [[1 avril]] || [[8 avril]] |- ! [[2030]] | [[21 avril]] || [[28 avril]] |} [[Category:Pake]] [[Category:Feti]] [[als:Ostern]] [[bg:Великден]] [[bs:Uskrs]] [[ca:Setmana Santa]] [[cs:Velikonoce]] [[da:Påske]] [[el:Πάσχα]] [[en:Easter]] [[eo:Pasko]] [[es:Pascua]] [[fa:&#1593;&#1740;&#1583; &#1662;&#1575;&#1705;]] [[fi:Pääsiäinen]] [[fr:Pâques]] [[fy:Peaske]] [[he:&#1508;&#1505;&#1495;&#1488;]] [[hu:Húsvét]] [[id:Paskah]] [[it:Pasqua cristiana]] [[ja:復活祭]] [[ka:აღდგომა]] [[ko:부활절]] [[la:Festum Ressurectionis Christi]] [[li:Paosje]] [[lt:Velykos]] [[nl:Paasfeest]] [[nn:Påske]] [[no:Påske]] [[pl:Wielkanoc]] [[pt:Páscoa]] [[ro:Pa&#351;ti]] [[ru:Пасха]] [[sk:Veľká noc]] [[sv:Påsk]] [[tl:Pasko ng Pagkabuhay]] [[uk:Великдень]] [[vi:L&#7877; Ph&#7909;c Sinh]] [[wa:Påke]] [[zh-tw:復活節]] [[zh-min-nan:Koh-oa̍h-cheh]] 9554 2006-10-22T15:13:21Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Russian Resurrection icon.jpg|thumb|[[Résurection]], icône russe, 16 sekulɔ]] Mbula na mbula [[Boyúda|Bayúda]] bazlaki kosepela feti ya '''Pake''' po na kokanisa ndenge [[Nzámbe]] abimisaká bakoko n abango na [[Ejipte]], esika bazalaká baumbu. [[Yesu]] ayaki na [[Yeruzalemi]] po na feti ya Pake; bongo kaka na mikolo wana nde bakomaki ye. Wango bana [[bokrísto|bakrísto]] basepelaka feti ya Pake po na kokanisa kosekwa ya Yesu. {| {{prettytable-R}} |- |+ '''Eyenga ya Pake ya 2000 na 2030''' |- {{highlight}} ! xyz !! Églises<br />ya weste !! Églises<br />ya este |- ! [[2000]] | [[23 avril]] || [[30 avril]] |- ! [[2001]] |colspan=2 align=center| [[15 avril]] |- ! [[2002]] | [[31 mars]] || [[5 mai]] |- ! [[2003]] | [[20 avril]] || [[27 avril]] |- ! [[2004]] | colspan=2 align=center| [[11 avril]] |- ! [[2005]] | [[27 mars]] || [[1 mai]] |- ! [[2006]] | [[16 avril]] || [[23 avril]] |- ! [[2007]] | colspan=2 align=center| [[8 avril]] |- ! [[2008]] | [[23 mars]] || [[27 avril]] |- ! [[2009]] | [[12 avril]] || [[19 avril]] |- ! [[2010]] | colspan=2 align=center| [[4 avril]] |- ! [[2011]] | colspan=2 align=center| [[24 avril]] |- ! [[2012]] | [[8 avril]] || [[15 avril]] |- ! [[2013]] | [[31 mars]] || [[5 mai]] |- ! [[2014]] | colspan=2 align=center| [[20 avril]] |- ! [[2015]] | [[5 avril]] || [[12 avril]] |- ! [[2016]] | [[27 mars]] || [[1 mai]] |- ! [[2017]] | colspan=2 align=center| [[16 avril]] |- ! [[2018]] | [[1 avril]] || [[8 avril]] |- ! [[2019]] | [[21 avril]] || [[28 avril]] |- ! [[2020]] | [[12 mars]] || [[19. April]] |- ! [[2021]] | [[4 avril]] || [[2 mai]] |- ! [[2022]] | [[17 avril]] || [[24 avril]] |- ! [[2023]] | [[9 avril]] || [[16 avril]] |- ! [[2024]] | [[31 mars]] || [[5 mai]] |- ! [[2025]] | colspan=2 align=center| [[20 avril]] |- ! [[2026]] | [[5 avril]] || [[12 avril]] |- ! [[2027]] | [[28 mars]] || [[2 mai]] |- ! [[2028]] | colspan=2 align=center| [[16 avril]] |- ! [[2029]] | [[1 avril]] || [[8 avril]] |- ! [[2030]] | [[21 avril]] || [[28 avril]] |} [[Category:Pake]] [[Category:Feti]] [[als:Ostern]] [[bg:Великден]] [[bs:Uskrs]] [[ca:Setmana Santa]] [[cs:Velikonoce]] [[da:Påske]] [[el:Πάσχα]] [[en:Easter]] [[eo:Pasko]] [[es:Pascua]] [[fa:&#1593;&#1740;&#1583; &#1662;&#1575;&#1705;]] [[fi:Pääsiäinen]] [[fr:Pâques]] [[fy:Peaske]] [[he:&#1508;&#1505;&#1495;&#1488;]] [[hu:Húsvét]] [[id:Paskah]] [[it:Pasqua cristiana]] [[ja:復活祭]] [[ka:აღდგომა]] [[ko:부활절]] [[la:Festum Ressurectionis Christi]] [[li:Paosje]] [[lt:Velykos]] [[nl:Paasfeest]] [[nn:Påske]] [[no:Påske]] [[pl:Wielkanoc]] [[pt:Páscoa]] [[ro:Pa&#351;ti]] [[ru:Пасха]] [[sk:Veľká noc]] [[sv:Påsk]] [[tl:Pasko ng Pagkabuhay]] [[uk:Великдень]] [[vi:L&#7877; Ph&#7909;c Sinh]] [[wa:Påke]] [[zh-tw:復活節]] [[zh-min-nan:Koh-oa̍h-cheh]] Category:Pake 2646 9533 2006-10-22T13:16:06Z Bombo 12 cat [[Category:Boklísto]] [[Category:Feti]] Template:Prettytable-R 2647 9534 2006-10-22T13:17:23Z Bombo 12 border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" rules="all" class="hintergrundfarbe1 rahmenfarbe1" style="float:right; clear:right; margin:1em 0 1em 1em; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:95%; empty-cells:show; {{{1| }}} Template:Highlight 2648 9535 2006-10-22T13:19:57Z Bombo 12 class="hintergrundfarbe{{{1|6}}}" Bokrísto 2649 9536 2006-10-22T13:22:17Z Bombo 12 Redirecting to [[Boklísto]] #REDIRECT [[Boklísto]] Yeruzalemi 2650 9537 2006-10-22T13:23:41Z Bombo 12 Redirecting to [[Yerusalemi]] #REDIRECT [[Yerusalemi]] Ejipte 2651 9539 2006-10-22T13:53:49Z Bombo 12 {{infobox_Esé| nkómbó = Rebubliki Arabe ya Ejipte | nkómbó_na_lokótá = <font size="+1">'''جمهوريّة مصرالعربيّة'''</font><br /> <font size="+1">'''Gumhūriyyat Misr al-ʿarabiyya'''</font><br /> | image_flag = Flag of Egypt.svg|140px | image_coat = Coat of arms of Egypt.PNG|85px | image_map = LocationEgypt.png|none|320px | mokáno = (none)| loyémbo = Silence et patience, liberté, socialisme, unité | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Liarabe]]; nkótá ya *minorité [[Liberber]], [[Linubien]], [[Libedcha]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo =| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Kairo]] |latd=30|latm=3|latNS=N|longd=31|longm=15|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Kairo]] | loléngé_lɛ́ta = | babengí_mokambi = | nkómbó_mokambi = [[Mohammed Hosni Moubarak]]| etando = 995 450|etando_limati=ya 29 |etando_bonɛ́nɛ=1 E10|ndámbo_mái=0.6| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 78 887 007| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2006| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=ya 15 | bato_na_etando = | bato_na_etando_limati=ya | bato_botángi = | bato_botángi_mbúla= | BOTIBO_BOZIBI = $ billion| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya | BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = $| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya | sovereignty_type = [[Lipandá]] | established_events =| established_dates = [[28 février]] [[1922]]| mosɔlɔ = [[Livre égyptienne]]|currency_code=EGP| ngonga = |utc_offset=+2 | ngonga_DST = |utc_offset_DST= | cctld = [[.eg]] |calling_code = 20| footnotes = | }} '''Ejipte''' (arabe: مصر ''Misr'') ezali mabelé ya bapembeni ya [[ebale]] [[Nil]]. ==Historia== Bato na Israel bakómaká baunbu na Ejipte; Nzambe alongolaká bango kuna, na maboko ya [[Moize]]. {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[Category:Leta]] [[af:Egipte]] [[als:Ägypten]] [[am:ግብፅ]] [[an:Echipto]] [[ar:مصر]] [[arc:ܡܨܪܢ]] [[ast:Exipto]] [[be:Эгіпет]] [[bg:Египет]] [[br:Egipt]] [[bs:Egipat]] [[ca:Egipte]] [[cs:Egypt]] [[cy:Yr Aifft]] [[da:Ægypten]] [[el:Αίγυπτος]] [[en:Egypt]] [[eo:Egiptio]] [[es:Egipto]] [[et:Egiptus]] [[eu:Egipto]] [[fa:مصر]] [[fi:Egypti]] [[fj:Ijipta]] [[fr:Égypte]] [[fy:Egypte]] [[ga:An Éigipt]] [[gd:An Eiphit]] [[gl:Exipto - مصر]] [[gv:Eajipt]] [[he:מצרים]] [[hr:Egipat]] [[ht:Ejip]] [[hu:Egyiptom]] [[ia:Egypto]] [[id:Mesir]] [[ilo:Ehipto]] [[io:Egiptia]] [[is:Egyptaland]] [[it:Egitto]] [[ja:エジプト]] [[ka:ეგვიპტე]] [[ko:이집트]] [[ku:Misir]] [[kw:Ejyp]] [[la:Aegyptus]] [[lb:Egypten]] [[li:Egypte]] [[lt:Egiptas]] [[lv:Ēģipte]] [[mg:Egypta]] [[mk:Египет]] [[mr:इजिप्त]] [[ms:Mesir]] [[na:Egypt]] [[nap:Naggitto]] [[nds:Ägypten]] [[nds-nl:Egypte (laand)]] [[nl:Egypte (land)]] [[nn:Egypt]] [[no:Egypt]] [[oc:Egipte]] [[os:Мысыр]] [[pam:Egypt]] [[pl:Egipt]] [[ps:مصر]] [[pt:Egipto]] [[ro:Egipt]] [[ru:Египет]] [[scn:Eggittu]] [[sh:Egipat]] [[simple:Egypt]] [[sk:Egypt]] [[sl:Egipt]] [[sm:Aikupito]] [[sq:Egjipti]] [[sr:Египат]] [[sv:Egypten]] [[ta:எகிப்து]] [[tg:Миср]] [[th:ประเทศอียิปต์]] [[tl:Egypt]] [[tr:Mısır (ülke)]] [[ug:مىسىر]] [[uk:Єгипет]] [[ur:مصر]] [[vi:Ai Cập]] [[yi:מצרים]] [[zh:埃及]] [[zh-min-nan:Ai-ki̍p]] 9542 2006-10-22T14:01:01Z Bombo 12 cat {{infobox_Esé| nkómbó = Rebubliki Arabe ya Ejipte | nkómbó_na_lokótá = <font size="+1">'''جمهوريّة مصرالعربيّة'''</font><br /> <font size="+1">'''Gumhūriyyat Misr al-ʿarabiyya'''</font><br /> | image_flag = Flag of Egypt.svg|140px | image_coat = Coat of arms of Egypt.PNG|85px | image_map = LocationEgypt.png|none|320px | mokáno = (none)| loyémbo = Silence et patience, liberté, socialisme, unité | nkótá_ya_lɛ́ta = [[Liarabe]]; nkótá ya *minorité [[Liberber]], [[Linubien]], [[Libedcha]]| nkótá_ya_ekólo =| mbóka-mokonzi = [[Kairo]] |latd=30|latm=3|latNS=N|longd=31|longm=15|longEW=E| engúmba_monɛ́nɛ = [[Kairo]] | loléngé_lɛ́ta = | babengí_mokambi = | nkómbó_mokambi = [[Mohammed Hosni Moubarak]]| etando = 995 450|etando_limati=ya 29 |etando_bonɛ́nɛ=1 E10|ndámbo_mái=0.6| bato_ndakisa-mitúya = 78 887 007| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_mbúla=2006| bato_ndakisa-mitúya_limati=ya 15 | bato_na_etando = | bato_na_etando_limati=ya | bato_botángi = | bato_botángi_mbúla= | BOTIBO_BOZIBI = $ billion| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_mbúla=| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_limati=ya | BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto = $| BOTIBO_BOZIBI_moto_na_moto_limati=ya | sovereignty_type = [[Lipandá]] | established_events =| established_dates = [[28 février]] [[1922]]| mosɔlɔ = [[Livre égyptienne]]|currency_code=EGP| ngonga = |utc_offset=+2 | ngonga_DST = |utc_offset_DST= | cctld = [[.eg]] |calling_code = 20| footnotes = | }} '''Ejipte''' (arabe: مصر ''Misr'') ezali mabelé ya bapembeni ya [[ebale]] [[Nil]]. ==Historia== Bato na Israel bakómaká baunbu na Ejipte; Nzambe alongolaká bango kuna, na maboko ya [[Moize]]. {{Bisé ya Afrika}} [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] [[Category:Leta]] [[Category:Ejipte]] [[af:Egipte]] [[als:Ägypten]] [[am:ግብፅ]] [[an:Echipto]] [[ar:مصر]] [[arc:ܡܨܪܢ]] [[ast:Exipto]] [[be:Эгіпет]] [[bg:Египет]] [[br:Egipt]] [[bs:Egipat]] [[ca:Egipte]] [[cs:Egypt]] [[cy:Yr Aifft]] [[da:Ægypten]] [[el:Αίγυπτος]] [[en:Egypt]] [[eo:Egiptio]] [[es:Egipto]] [[et:Egiptus]] [[eu:Egipto]] [[fa:مصر]] [[fi:Egypti]] [[fj:Ijipta]] [[fr:Égypte]] [[fy:Egypte]] [[ga:An Éigipt]] [[gd:An Eiphit]] [[gl:Exipto - مصر]] [[gv:Eajipt]] [[he:מצרים]] [[hr:Egipat]] [[ht:Ejip]] [[hu:Egyiptom]] [[ia:Egypto]] [[id:Mesir]] [[ilo:Ehipto]] [[io:Egiptia]] [[is:Egyptaland]] [[it:Egitto]] [[ja:エジプト]] [[ka:ეგვიპტე]] [[ko:이집트]] [[ku:Misir]] [[kw:Ejyp]] [[la:Aegyptus]] [[lb:Egypten]] [[li:Egypte]] [[lt:Egiptas]] [[lv:Ēģipte]] [[mg:Egypta]] [[mk:Египет]] [[mr:इजिप्त]] [[ms:Mesir]] [[na:Egypt]] [[nap:Naggitto]] [[nds:Ägypten]] [[nds-nl:Egypte (laand)]] [[nl:Egypte (land)]] [[nn:Egypt]] [[no:Egypt]] [[oc:Egipte]] [[os:Мысыр]] [[pam:Egypt]] [[pl:Egipt]] [[ps:مصر]] [[pt:Egipto]] [[ro:Egipt]] [[ru:Египет]] [[scn:Eggittu]] [[sh:Egipat]] [[simple:Egypt]] [[sk:Egypt]] [[sl:Egipt]] [[sm:Aikupito]] [[sq:Egjipti]] [[sr:Египат]] [[sv:Egypten]] [[ta:எகிப்து]] [[tg:Миср]] [[th:ประเทศอียิปต์]] [[tl:Egypt]] [[tr:Mısır (ülke)]] [[ug:مىسىر]] [[uk:Єгипет]] [[ur:مصر]] [[vi:Ai Cập]] [[yi:מצרים]] [[zh:埃及]] [[zh-min-nan:Ai-ki̍p]] Kairo 2652 9540 2006-10-22T13:59:43Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Kairo 001.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Kairo]] Mbóka tô engúmba Kairo (القاهرة ''al-Qāhirah'' na lokóta ya [[liarabe]] ") ezali mbóka-mokonzi ya [[Ejipte]]. Ezali engúmba monɛ́nɛ, na milioni 7.7 ya bato (2005). [[Category:Ejipte]] [[Category:Mbóka-mokonzi]] [[af:Kaïro]] [[als:Kairo]] [[am:ካይሮ]] [[ar:القاهرة]] [[az:Qahirə]] [[bg:Кайро]] [[bs:Kairo]] [[ca:El Caire]] [[cs:Káhira]] [[da:Kairo]] [[el:Κάιρο]] [[en:Cairo]] [[eo:Kairo]] [[es:El Cairo]] [[et:Kairo]] [[eu:Kairo]] [[fa:قاهره]] [[fi:Kairo]] [[fr:Le Caire]] [[gl:Cairo - القاهرة]] [[he:קהיר]] [[hr:Kairo]] [[hu:Kairó]] [[id:Kairo]] [[io:Kairo]] [[is:Kaíró]] [[it:Il Cairo]] [[ja:カイロ (エジプト)]] [[jv:Kairo]] [[ka:ქაირო]] [[ko:카이로]] [[la:Cairus]] [[lt:Kairas]] [[lv:Kaira]] [[mk:Каиро]] [[ms:Kaherah]] [[nl:Caïro (stad)]] [[nn:Kairo]] [[no:Kairo]] [[os:Каир]] [[pl:Kair]] [[pms:Ël Cairo]] [[pt:Cairo]] [[ro:Cairo]] [[ru:Каир]] [[scn:Cairu]] [[sh:Kairo]] [[simple:Cairo]] [[sk:Káhira]] [[sl:Kairo]] [[sr:Каиро]] [[sv:Kairo]] [[sw:Kairo]] [[ta:கெய்ரோ]] [[th:ไคโร]] [[tl:Lungsod ng Cairo]] [[tr:Kahire]] [[ug:قاھىرە]] [[ur:قاہرہ]] [[vo:Kahirä]] [[zh:开罗]] Category:Ejipte 2653 9541 2006-10-22T14:00:17Z Bombo 12 [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] Yerusalemi 2654 9544 2006-10-22T14:38:24Z Bombo 12 [[Image:WestWall-dome.jpg|thumb|300px||<nowiki>Die [[Klagemauer]], im Hintergrund der [[Felsendom]] </nowiki>]] '''Yerusalemi''' kombo yango elakisi ''vile ya boto''. Ekòmamá 'tè Melkisedek, ''mokonzi ya Salem'', ayaká kokutana ná [[Abraham]]. Ezali [[Mani David]] () moto abotolaki Yerusalemi, akómisaki yango [[mbóka-mokonzi]] ya [[Israel]]; atòngaki eteni ya sika ya vile, na ngomba Sion. [[Category:Israel]] [[Category:Mbóka-mokonzi]] [[am:እየሩሳሌም]] [[an:Cherusalén]] [[ar:القدس]] [[arc:ܘܪܫܠܡ]] [[ast:Xerusalén]] [[be:Ерусалім]] [[bg:Йерусалим]] [[bn:জেরুসালেম]] [[ca:Jerusalem]] [[cs:Jeruzalém]] [[cy:Jeriwsalem]] [[da:Jerusalem]] [[el:Ιερουσαλήμ]] [[en:Jerusalem]] [[eo:Jerusalemo]] [[es:Jerusalén]] [[et:Jeruusalemm]] [[eu:Jerusalem]] [[fa:اورشلیم]] [[fi:Jerusalem]] [[fj:Jerusalemi]] [[fr:Jérusalem]] [[ga:Iarúsailéim]] [[gd:Ierusalem]] [[gl:Xerusalén]] [[got:𐌹𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐍅𐌼𐌰]] [[he:ירושלים]] [[hi:येरुशलम]] [[hr:Jeruzalem]] [[hu:Jeruzsálem]] [[id:Yerusalem]] [[io:Jerusalem]] [[it:Gerusalemme]] [[ja:エルサレム]] [[jv:Yerusalem]] [[ka:იერუსალიმი]] [[ko:예루살렘]] [[la:Hierosolyma]] [[lad:Yerushalayim]] [[lb:Jerusalem]] [[lt:Jeruzalė]] [[lv:Jeruzāleme]] [[ms:Baitulmuqaddis]] [[nl:Jeruzalem]] [[nn:Jerusalem]] [[no:Jerusalem]] [[pl:Jerozolima]] [[pt:Jerusalém]] [[rm:Jerusalem]] [[ro:Ierusalim]] [[ru:Иерусалим]] [[scn:Girusalemmi]] [[sh:Jeruzalem]] [[simple:Jerusalem]] [[sk:Jeruzalem]] [[sl:Jeruzalem]] [[sm:Ierusalema]] [[sq:Jeruzalemi]] [[sr:Јерусалим]] [[sv:Jerusalem]] [[tg:Иерусалим]] [[th:เยรูซาเลม]] [[tl:Lungsod ng Jerusalem]] [[tpi:Yerusalem]] [[tr:Kudüs]] [[ug:يېرۇسالېم]] [[uk:Єрусалим]] [[vi:Jerusalem]] [[vo:Hierusalem]] [[wa:Djeruzalem]] [[yi:ירושלים]] [[yo:Jerúsálẹ́mù]] [[zh:耶路撒冷]] 2003 2655 9545 2006-10-22T14:53:55Z Bombo 12 ==Likambo monɛnɛ== ==Mbotama== ==Liwa== [[Category:ya 21 sekulɔ]] [[en:2003]] [[als:2003]] [[fr:2003]] 9556 2006-10-22T15:18:00Z Bombo 12 /* Liwa */ ==Likambo monɛnɛ== ==Mbotama== ==Liwa== * [[Joseph Kabila|Joseph Kabila Kabange]]: [[Mokambi-Ekólo]] ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] ya yanuari [[2001]]; ekelemaki na 2003. [kobalola] [[Category:ya 21 sekulɔ]] [[en:2003]] [[als:2003]] [[fr:2003]] 1998 2656 9546 2006-10-22T14:54:57Z Bombo 12 ==Likambo monɛnɛ== ==Mbotama== ==Liwa== [[Category:ya 20 sekulɔ]] [[en:1998]] [[als:1998]] [[fr:1998]] 9547 2006-10-22T15:00:03Z Bombo 12 /* Liwa */ ==Likambo monɛnɛ== ==Mbotama== ==Liwa== [[Bandundu]] ezala na 5.201.000 hab. [[Category:ya 20 sekulɔ]] [[en:1998]] [[als:1998]] [[fr:1998]] 9548 2006-10-22T15:00:54Z Bombo 12 /* Liwa */ ==Likambo monɛnɛ== ==Mbotama== ==Liwa== [[Bandundu]] ezala na 5.201.000 hab. [[Bas-Congo]] ezala na 2.835.000 hab. [[Category:ya 20 sekulɔ]] [[en:1998]] [[als:1998]] [[fr:1998]] 9555 2006-10-22T15:14:15Z Bombo 12 /* Liwa */ ==Likambo monɛnɛ== ==Mbotama== ==Liwa== *[[Bandundu]] ezala na 5.201.000 hab. *[[Bas-Congo]] ezala na 2.835.000 hab. [[Category:ya 20 sekulɔ]] [[en:1998]] [[als:1998]] [[fr:1998]] 1991 2657 9549 2006-10-22T15:02:56Z Bombo 12 ==Likambo monɛnɛ== ==Mbotama== ==Liwa== [[Swisi]] akoki na mibu 700. [[Category:ya 20 sekulɔ]] [[en:1991]] [[als:1991]] [[fr:1991]] 1965 2658 9550 2006-10-22T15:04:28Z Bombo 12 ==Likambo monɛnɛ== ==Mbotama== ==Liwa== [[Category:ya 20 sekulɔ]] [[en:1965]] [[als:1965]] [[fr:1965]] 9551 2006-10-22T15:07:50Z Bombo 12 /* Liwa */ ==Likambo monɛnɛ== ==Mbotama== ==Liwa== * 24 novembere: [[Joseph Kasa-Vubu]], Mokambi-Ekólo ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] ya 1 yuli 1960 na 24 novembere1965 [[Category:ya 20 sekulɔ]] [[en:1965]] [[als:1965]] [[fr:1965]] 9552 2006-10-22T15:09:41Z Bombo 12 /* Liwa */ ==Likambo monɛnɛ== ==Mbotama== ==Liwa== * 24 novembere: [[Joseph Kasa-Vubu]], Mokambi-Ekólo ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]] ya 1 yuli 1960 na 24 novembere1965 * [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] akamatákí bokonzi na makási ya [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa|Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki]]. [[Category:ya 20 sekulɔ]] [[en:1965]] [[als:1965]] [[fr:1965]] MediaWiki:Allpages-summary 2659 9570 2006-10-25T19:00:57Z MediaWiki default MediaWiki:Ancientpages-summary 2660 9571 2006-10-25T19:00:57Z MediaWiki default MediaWiki:Blocked-mailpassword 2661 9572 2006-10-25T19:00:57Z MediaWiki default Your IP address is blocked from editing, and so is not allowed to use the password recovery function to prevent abuse. MediaWiki:Booksources-summary 2662 9573 2006-10-25T19:00:57Z MediaWiki default MediaWiki:Brokenredirects-summary 2663 9574 2006-10-25T19:00:57Z MediaWiki default MediaWiki:Deadendpages-summary 2664 9576 2006-10-25T19:00:58Z MediaWiki default MediaWiki:Deadendpagestext 2665 9577 2006-10-25T19:00:58Z MediaWiki default The following pages do not link to other pages in this wiki. 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MediaWiki:Revdelete-nooldid-title 2694 9611 2006-10-25T19:01:11Z MediaWiki default No target revision MediaWiki:Searcharticle 2695 9612 2006-10-25T19:01:12Z MediaWiki default Go MediaWiki:Shortpages-summary 2696 9613 2006-10-25T19:01:12Z MediaWiki default MediaWiki:Specialpages-summary 2697 9614 2006-10-25T19:01:13Z MediaWiki default MediaWiki:Throttled-mailpassword 2698 9615 2006-10-25T19:01:13Z MediaWiki default A password reminder has already been sent, within the last $1 hours. To prevent abuse, only one password reminder will be sent per $1 hours. MediaWiki:Tog-nolangconversion 2699 9616 2006-10-25T19:01:13Z MediaWiki default Disable variants conversion MediaWiki:Uncategorizedcategories-summary 2700 9618 2006-10-25T19:01:14Z MediaWiki default MediaWiki:Uncategorizedimages-summary 2701 9619 2006-10-25T19:01:14Z MediaWiki default MediaWiki:Uncategorizedpages-summary 2702 9620 2006-10-25T19:01:14Z MediaWiki default MediaWiki:Unusedtemplates-summary 2703 9621 2006-10-25T19:01:15Z MediaWiki default MediaWiki:Unwatchedpages-summary 2704 9622 2006-10-25T19:01:15Z MediaWiki default MediaWiki:Userrights-summary 2705 9624 2006-10-25T19:01:15Z MediaWiki default MediaWiki:Variantname-kk 2706 9625 2006-10-25T19:01:15Z MediaWiki default kk MediaWiki:Variantname-kk-cn 2707 9626 2006-10-25T19:01:15Z MediaWiki default kk-cn MediaWiki:Variantname-kk-kz 2708 9627 2006-10-25T19:01:15Z MediaWiki default kk-kz MediaWiki:Variantname-kk-tr 2709 9628 2006-10-25T19:01:15Z MediaWiki default kk-tr MediaWiki:Wantedcategories-summary 2710 9629 2006-10-25T19:01:15Z MediaWiki default MediaWiki:Wantedpages-summary 2711 9630 2006-10-25T19:01:15Z MediaWiki default MediaWiki:Watchthisupload 2712 9634 2006-10-25T19:01:16Z MediaWiki default Watch this page MediaWiki:Whatlinkshere-barrow 2713 9635 2006-10-25T19:01:16Z MediaWiki default &lt; MediaWiki:Whatlinkshere-summary 2714 9636 2006-10-25T19:01:16Z MediaWiki default User:Apcbg 2716 9641 2006-10-29T20:21:39Z Apcbg 91 [[Image:Camp-Academia.jpg|none|700px]] [[Image:Vista-services.png|26px]][[:pt:História da Geórgia do Sul e Sandwich do Sul|História da Geórgia do Sul e Sandwich do Sul]] User:DBlomgren 2717 9644 2006-10-31T06:01:23Z DBlomgren 92 en - This user is a native English speaker.<br> fr-3 Cet utilisateur peut contribuer avec un niveau avancé de français.<br> ln-1 Moto óyo ayébí koloba lingála mwâ mokɛ́..<br> es-3 Este usuario puede contribuir con un nivel avanzado de español.<br> sv-1 Denna användare har grundläggande kunskaper i svenska. ---- ===Interêts=== * République Démocratique du Congo * Le Grammaire et la prononciation * [[http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_non_violente Communication Non violente]] * Pratiquer lingala na ngai * Costa Rica 9645 2006-10-31T06:17:10Z DBlomgren 92 Banda ntembe na ngai. {{babel-4|ln-1|en|fr-3|es-3}} ===Interêts=== * République Démocratique du Congo * Le Grammaire et la prononciation * [[http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_non_violente Communication Non violente]] * Pratiquer lingala na ngai * Costa Rica 9646 2006-10-31T06:29:31Z DBlomgren 92 {{Babel-5|en|es-3|fr-3|ln-1|sv-1}} ===Interêts=== * République Démocratique du Congo * Le Grammaire et la prononciation * [[http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_non_violente Communication Non violente]] * Pratiquer lingala na ngai * Costa Rica User:Blockinblox 2718 9648 2006-10-31T19:05:22Z Blockinblox 38 {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} articles [[sc:Utente:Blockinblox]] [[an:Usuario:Blockinblox]] [[as:User:Blockinblox]] [[bn:User:Blockinblox]] [[bo:User:Blockinblox]] [[ceb:User:Blockinblox]] [[dv:User:Blockinblox]] [[dz:User:Blockinblox]] [[fiu-vro:User:Blockinblox]] [[gu:User:Blockinblox]] [[ie:User:Blockinblox]] [[jbo:User:Blockinblox]] [[km:User:Blockinblox]] [[lmo:User:Blockinblox]] [[lo:User:Blockinblox]] [[ml:User:Blockinblox]] [[mo:User:Blockinblox]] [[mt:User:Blockinblox]] [[or:User:Blockinblox]] [[pa:User:Blockinblox]] [[pdc:User:Blockinblox]] [[en:User:Blockinblox]] [[se:User:Blockinblox]] [[simple:User:Blockinblox]] [[tpi:User:Blockinblox]] [[udm:User:Blockinblox]] [[uz:User:Blockinblox]] [[mn:User:Blockinblox]] User talk:DBlomgren 2719 9656 2006-11-03T21:19:00Z Bombo 12 Mbɔ́tɛ Mbɔ́tɛ DBlomgren! Boyéí bolámu na ebandélí ya wikipedia, pour tout question les administratuers [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et [[User:Bombo|Bombo]] sont à ta disposition. Des indications concernant [[User:Moyogo|l'orthographie]] lingála sont disponible, mais la majorité des articles ne la respecte pas ou que partiellement; participer est plus important. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 21:19, 3 novembere 2006 (UTC) 9675 2006-11-09T14:33:03Z Bombo 12 How to type african letters Mbɔ́tɛ DBlomgren! Boyéí bolámu na ebandélí ya wikipedia, pour tout question les administratuers [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et [[User:Bombo|Bombo]] sont à ta disposition. Des indications concernant [[User:Moyogo|l'orthographie]] lingála sont disponible, mais la majorité des articles ne la respecte pas ou que partiellement; participer est plus important. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 21:19, 3 novembere 2006 (UTC) == How to type african letters == Mbɔ́tɛ DBlomgren You wrote at [[User_talk:Moyoago|Moyogo's talk page]]: : I was surprised to find "Eropa" (Europe) as a word. I always thought it was "Poto" and searched for it - elókó tê. So I thought maybe if I typed "P - (upside-down c) - T - (upside-down c), I would find it, but of course, I didn't have a clue how to type that! If you could help me learn how to add redirects, nakosala yango. Melesi! DBlomgren 05:38, 8 novembere 2006 (UTC) About Wikionary and Pɔtɔ, please wait for an answer from Moyogo. I am sorry about this, but I am very busy at University until end of this month, so I cannot check at my sources at the ZBZ library. How to type african letters? There are different ways: (1) using the unicode codes (2) using the keybord you can download at [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo's]] user page (for Linux, Mac and Windows) or (3) the easy way: click on the underlined letter just at the bottom of the editing field of Wikipedia ("Caractères spécieaux"): the letter will apear at the cursor's place. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 14:33, 9 novembere 2006 (UTC) 9676 2006-11-09T14:33:44Z Bombo 12 /* How to type african letters */ typo Mbɔ́tɛ DBlomgren! Boyéí bolámu na ebandélí ya wikipedia, pour tout question les administratuers [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et [[User:Bombo|Bombo]] sont à ta disposition. Des indications concernant [[User:Moyogo|l'orthographie]] lingála sont disponible, mais la majorité des articles ne la respecte pas ou que partiellement; participer est plus important. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 21:19, 3 novembere 2006 (UTC) == How to type african letters == Mbɔ́tɛ DBlomgren You wrote at [[User_talk:Moyogo|Moyogo's talk page]]: : I was surprised to find "Eropa" (Europe) as a word. I always thought it was "Poto" and searched for it - elókó tê. So I thought maybe if I typed "P - (upside-down c) - T - (upside-down c), I would find it, but of course, I didn't have a clue how to type that! If you could help me learn how to add redirects, nakosala yango. Melesi! DBlomgren 05:38, 8 novembere 2006 (UTC) About Wikionary and Pɔtɔ, please wait for an answer from Moyogo. I am sorry about this, but I am very busy at University until end of this month, so I cannot check at my sources at the ZBZ library. How to type african letters? There are different ways: (1) using the unicode codes (2) using the keybord you can download at [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo's]] user page (for Linux, Mac and Windows) or (3) the easy way: click on the underlined letter just at the bottom of the editing field of Wikipedia ("Caractères spécieaux"): the letter will apear at the cursor's place. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 14:33, 9 novembere 2006 (UTC) 9677 2006-11-09T14:34:48Z Bombo 12 /* How to type african letters */ Mbɔ́tɛ DBlomgren! Boyéí bolámu na ebandélí ya wikipedia, pour tout question les administratuers [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et [[User:Bombo|Bombo]] sont à ta disposition. Des indications concernant [[User:Moyogo|l'orthographie]] lingála sont disponible, mais la majorité des articles ne la respecte pas ou que partiellement; participer est plus important. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 21:19, 3 novembere 2006 (UTC) == How to type african letters == Mbɔ́tɛ DBlomgren You wrote at [[User_talk:Moyogo|Moyogo's talk page]]: : I was surprised to find "Eropa" (Europe) as a word. I always thought it was "Poto" and searched for it - elókó tê. So I thought maybe if I typed "P - (upside-down c) - T - (upside-down c), I would find it, but of course, I didn't have a clue how to type that! If you could help me learn how to add redirects, nakosala yango. Melesi! DBlomgren 05:38, 8 novembere 2006 (UTC) About Wikionary and Pɔtɔ, please wait for an answer from Moyogo. I am sorry about this, but I am very busy at University until end of this month, so I cannot check at my sources at the ZBZ library. How to type african letters? There are different ways: (1) using the unicode codes (2) using the keybord you can download at [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo's]] user page ("Clavier Lingala / Lingala Keyboard Layout" for Linux, Mac and Windows) or (3) the easy way: click on the underlined letter just at the bottom of the editing field of Wikipedia ("Caractères spécieaux"): the letter will apear at the cursor's place. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 14:33, 9 novembere 2006 (UTC) 9687 2006-11-09T23:51:13Z Moyogo 11 /* How to type african letters */ Mbɔ́tɛ DBlomgren! Boyéí bolámu na ebandélí ya wikipedia, pour tout question les administratuers [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et [[User:Bombo|Bombo]] sont à ta disposition. Des indications concernant [[User:Moyogo|l'orthographie]] lingála sont disponible, mais la majorité des articles ne la respecte pas ou que partiellement; participer est plus important. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 21:19, 3 novembere 2006 (UTC) == How to type african letters == Mbɔ́tɛ DBlomgren You wrote at [[User_talk:Moyogo|Moyogo's talk page]]: : I was surprised to find "Eropa" (Europe) as a word. I always thought it was "Poto" and searched for it - elókó tê. So I thought maybe if I typed "P - (upside-down c) - T - (upside-down c), I would find it, but of course, I didn't have a clue how to type that! If you could help me learn how to add redirects, nakosala yango. Melesi! DBlomgren 05:38, 8 novembere 2006 (UTC) About Wikionary and Pɔtɔ, please wait for an answer from Moyogo. I am sorry about this, but I am very busy at University until end of this month, so I cannot check at my sources at the ZBZ library. How to type african letters? There are different ways: (1) using the unicode codes (2) using the keybord you can download at [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo's]] user page ("Clavier Lingala / Lingala Keyboard Layout" for Linux, Mac and Windows) or (3) the easy way: click on the underlined letter just at the bottom of the editing field of Wikipedia ("Caractères spécieaux"): the letter will apear at the cursor's place. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 14:33, 9 novembere 2006 (UTC) :Mbote DBlomgren. <br/> [[Erópa]] is a borrowed word for Europe, whereas [[Mpótó]], which comes from the word Portugal, means many things. It generally means Europe, but it can also means America to a much lesser degree, or sometimes the Western world (Europe+America). However, it can be said that Mpótó usually does mean Europe. Oh, and about the wiktionary, there is no active use there. There are some lingala words on the French wiktionary: [http://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:lingala] and other sites have a good deal of vocabulary or lessons: [http://perso.orange.fr/pascal.grouselle/] and [http://www.kasaflo.jexiste.be/lingala/lingala.htm] --[[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] 23:43, 9 novembere 2006 (UTC) User talk:Apcbg 2720 9657 2006-11-03T21:21:44Z Bombo 12 Mbɔ́tɛ Mbɔ́tɛ Apcbg! Boyéí bolámu na ebandélí ya wikipedia, pour tout question les administratuers Moyogo et Bombo sont à ta disposition. Des indications concernant l'orthographie lingála sont disponible, mais la majorité des articles ne la respecte pas ou que partiellement; participer est plus important. --Bombo 21:19, 3 novembere 2006 (UTC) Neje 2721 9658 2006-11-03T21:40:26Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Bicycles snow Graz 2005.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Une neige subite]] [[Image:SnowflakesWilsonBentley.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Flocons de neige, photographiés par Wilson Bentley (1865-1931)]] '''Neje''' (na lifalansé ''neige'') elakisi [[mai]] ya mbula oyo ekweyaka lokota [[koton]], na tango ya malili. [[Category:Mai]] [[an:Nieu]] [[bg:Сняг]] [[bs:Snijeg]] [[ca:Neu]] [[cs:Sníh]] [[cv:Юр]] [[da:Sne]] [[de:Schnee]] [[el:Χιόνι]] [[en:Snow]] [[eo:Neĝo]] [[es:Nieve]] [[fa:برف]] [[fi:Lumi]] [[fy:Snie]] [[gl:Neve]] [[he:שלג]] [[hr:Snijeg]] [[id:Salju]] [[io:Nivo]] [[is:Snjór]] [[it:Neve]] [[ja:雪]] [[ko:눈 (날씨)]] [[ku:Berf]] [[la:Nix]] [[lt:Sniegas]] [[lv:Sniegs]] [[nds-nl:Snei]] [[nl:Sneeuw]] [[nn:Snø]] [[no:Snø]] [[pdc:Schnee]] [[pl:Śnieg]] [[pt:Neve]] [[ro:Zăpadă]] [[ru:Снег]] [[simple:Snow]] [[sk:Sneh]] [[sl:Sneg]] [[sq:Dëbora]] [[sr:Снег]] [[sv:Snö]] [[sw:Theluji]] [[th:หิมะ]] [[tr:Kar (meteoroloji)]] [[ug:قايىل قىلماق]] [[uk:Сніг]] [[zh:雪]] [[zh-min-nan:Seh]] [[zh-yue:雪]] 9932 2006-12-08T08:15:14Z 194.158.204.133 + belarusian interwiki [[Image:Bicycles snow Graz 2005.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Une neige subite]] [[Image:SnowflakesWilsonBentley.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Flocons de neige, photographiés par Wilson Bentley (1865-1931)]] '''Neje''' (na lifalansé ''neige'') elakisi [[mai]] ya mbula oyo ekweyaka lokota [[koton]], na tango ya malili. [[Category:Mai]] [[an:Nieu]] [[be:Сьнег]] [[bg:Сняг]] [[bs:Snijeg]] [[ca:Neu]] [[cs:Sníh]] [[cv:Юр]] [[da:Sne]] [[de:Schnee]] [[el:Χιόνι]] [[en:Snow]] [[eo:Neĝo]] [[es:Nieve]] [[fa:برف]] [[fi:Lumi]] [[fy:Snie]] [[gl:Neve]] [[he:שלג]] [[hr:Snijeg]] [[id:Salju]] [[io:Nivo]] [[is:Snjór]] [[it:Neve]] [[ja:雪]] [[ko:눈 (날씨)]] [[ku:Berf]] [[la:Nix]] [[lt:Sniegas]] [[lv:Sniegs]] [[nds-nl:Snei]] [[nl:Sneeuw]] [[nn:Snø]] [[no:Snø]] [[pdc:Schnee]] [[pl:Śnieg]] [[pt:Neve]] [[ro:Zăpadă]] [[ru:Снег]] [[simple:Snow]] [[sk:Sneh]] [[sl:Sneg]] [[sq:Dëbora]] [[sr:Снег]] [[sv:Snö]] [[sw:Theluji]] [[th:หิมะ]] [[tr:Kar (meteoroloji)]] [[ug:قايىل قىلماق]] [[uk:Сніг]] [[zh:雪]] [[zh-min-nan:Seh]] [[zh-yue:雪]] 10000 2006-12-19T11:55:55Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: chr, fr, hi, qu Modifie: tr [[Image:Bicycles snow Graz 2005.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Une neige subite]] [[Image:SnowflakesWilsonBentley.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Flocons de neige, photographiés par Wilson Bentley (1865-1931)]] '''Neje''' (na lifalansé ''neige'') elakisi [[mai]] ya mbula oyo ekweyaka lokota [[koton]], na tango ya malili. [[Category:Mai]] [[an:Nieu]] [[be:Сьнег]] [[bg:Сняг]] [[bs:Snijeg]] [[ca:Neu]] [[chr:ᎤᎾᏥ]] [[cs:Sníh]] [[cv:Юр]] [[da:Sne]] [[de:Schnee]] [[el:Χιόνι]] [[en:Snow]] [[eo:Neĝo]] [[es:Nieve]] [[fa:برف]] [[fi:Lumi]] [[fr:Neige]] [[fy:Snie]] [[gl:Neve]] [[he:שלג]] [[hi:हिमपात]] [[hr:Snijeg]] [[id:Salju]] [[io:Nivo]] [[is:Snjór]] [[it:Neve]] [[ja:雪]] [[ko:눈 (날씨)]] [[ku:Berf]] [[la:Nix]] [[lt:Sniegas]] [[lv:Sniegs]] [[nds-nl:Snei]] [[nl:Sneeuw]] [[nn:Snø]] [[no:Snø]] [[pdc:Schnee]] [[pl:Śnieg]] [[pt:Neve]] [[qu:Rit'i]] [[ro:Zăpadă]] [[ru:Снег]] [[simple:Snow]] [[sk:Sneh]] [[sl:Sneg]] [[sq:Dëbora]] [[sr:Снег]] [[sv:Snö]] [[sw:Theluji]] [[th:หิมะ]] [[tr:Kar]] [[ug:قايىل قىلماق]] [[uk:Сніг]] [[zh:雪]] [[zh-min-nan:Seh]] [[zh-yue:雪]] Olive 2722 9659 2006-11-03T21:48:57Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Olives_noires_grecques.jpg|thumb|300px|right]] '''Olive''' ezali [[kombo]] ya [[nzete]] (pe ya [[mbuma]] na [[yango]]) oyo epesaka mafuta ya kitoko. [[Category:Mbuma]] [[ca:Oliva (fruit)]] [[en:Olive (fruit)]] [[eo:Olivo]] [[es:Aceituna]] [[nl:Olijf]] [[pt:Azeitona]] [[simple:Olive]] [[sv:Oliv]] Sedre 2723 9660 2006-11-03T21:54:13Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Cedre-large.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Sedre na Liban]] [[Image:Cedrus_atlantica.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Sedre na [[Atlas]]]] [[Image:Cedrus deodar.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Sedre na [[Himalaya]]]] '''Sedre''' ezali [[nzete]] ya monene pe ya molani oyo ezalaka mingi na ngomba [[Liban]]. [[Category:Nzete]] [[Category:Liban]] [[ar:أرز (شجرة)]] [[bg:Кедър]] [[ca:Cedre]] [[da:Ceder]] [[de:Zedern]] [[el:Κέδρος]] [[en:Cedar]] [[eo:Cedro]] [[es:Cedrus]] [[fi:Setrit]] [[gl:Cedro]] [[he:ארז]] [[it:Cedrus]] [[lt:Kedras]] [[nl:Ceder]] [[no:Sedere]] [[pdc:Zeedrebaam]] [[pl:Cedr]] [[pt:Cedro]] [[tr:Sedir]] [[zh:香柏]] 9666 2006-11-03T22:14:40Z Bombo 12 [[Image:Cedre-large.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Sedre na Liban]] [[Image:Cedrus_atlantica.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Sedre na [[Atlas]]]] [[Image:Cedrus deodar.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Sedre na [[Himalaya]]]] '''Sedre''' ezali [[nzete]] ya monene pe ya molani oyo ezalaka mingi na ngomba [[Liban]]. {| border="1" cellspacing="0" |Règne |Plantae |- |phylum |Pinophyta |- |classe |Pinopsida |- |ordre |Pinales |- |famille |Pinaceae |- |sous-famille | Abietoideae |} [[Category:Nzete]] [[Category:Liban]] [[ar:أرز (شجرة)]] [[bg:Кедър]] [[ca:Cedre]] [[da:Ceder]] [[de:Zedern]] [[el:Κέδρος]] [[en:Cedar]] [[eo:Cedro]] [[es:Cedrus]] [[fi:Setrit]] [[gl:Cedro]] [[he:ארז]] [[it:Cedrus]] [[lt:Kedras]] [[nl:Ceder]] [[no:Sedere]] [[pdc:Zeedrebaam]] [[pl:Cedr]] [[pt:Cedro]] [[tr:Sedir]] [[zh:香柏]] 9946 2006-12-10T23:11:01Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[fr:Cèdre]] [[Image:Cedre-large.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Sedre na Liban]] [[Image:Cedrus_atlantica.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Sedre na [[Atlas]]]] [[Image:Cedrus deodar.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Sedre na [[Himalaya]]]] '''Sedre''' ezali [[nzete]] ya monene pe ya molani oyo ezalaka mingi na ngomba [[Liban]]. {| border="1" cellspacing="0" |Règne |Plantae |- |phylum |Pinophyta |- |classe |Pinopsida |- |ordre |Pinales |- |famille |Pinaceae |- |sous-famille | Abietoideae |} [[Category:Nzete]] [[Category:Liban]] [[ar:أرز (شجرة)]] [[bg:Кедър]] [[ca:Cedre]] [[da:Ceder]] [[de:Zedern]] [[el:Κέδρος]] [[en:Cedar]] [[eo:Cedro]] [[es:Cedrus]] [[fi:Setrit]] [[fr:Cèdre]] [[gl:Cedro]] [[he:ארז]] [[it:Cedrus]] [[lt:Kedras]] [[nl:Ceder]] [[no:Sedere]] [[pdc:Zeedrebaam]] [[pl:Cedr]] [[pt:Cedro]] [[tr:Sedir]] [[zh:香柏]] Category:Liban 2724 9661 2006-11-03T21:55:10Z Bombo 12 [[Category:Bisé ya Asia]] Category:Bisé ya Asia 2725 9662 2006-11-03T21:55:33Z Bombo 12 [[Bisé ya Mokili]] 9663 2006-11-03T21:56:36Z Bombo 12 [[Category:Bisé ya Mokili]] Category:Nzete 2726 9664 2006-11-03T21:58:09Z Bombo 12 [[Category:Zardɛ]] Sipre (nzete) 2727 9665 2006-11-03T22:11:42Z Bombo 12 [[image:Med Cypress.jpg|thumb|right|250px|]] '''Sipre''' (''Cupressus sempervirens'') ezali [[nzete]] moko ya molai ya zamba. {| border="1" cellspacing="0" |Règne |Plantae |- |phylum |Pinophyta |- |classe |Pinopsida |- |ordre |Pinales |- |famille |Cupressaceae |} [[Category:Nzete]] [[da:Cypres]] [[de:Zypressen]] [[en:Cupressus]] [[es:Cupressus]] [[eo:Cupressus]] [[he:ברוש]] [[it:Cupressus]] [[ko:사이프러스]] [[la:Cupressus]] [[nl:Cupressus]] [[pl:Cyprys]] [[pt:Cupressus]] [[ru:Кипарис (дерево)]] [[sq:Cupressus]] [[sr:Чемпрес]] [[sv:Cypresser]] [[tr:Servi]] 9751 2006-11-13T11:15:05Z Bombo 12 [[Sipre]] moved to [[Sipre (nzete)]]: Sipre (esé) [[image:Med Cypress.jpg|thumb|right|250px|]] '''Sipre''' (''Cupressus sempervirens'') ezali [[nzete]] moko ya molai ya zamba. {| border="1" cellspacing="0" |Règne |Plantae |- |phylum |Pinophyta |- |classe |Pinopsida |- |ordre |Pinales |- |famille |Cupressaceae |} [[Category:Nzete]] [[da:Cypres]] [[de:Zypressen]] [[en:Cupressus]] [[es:Cupressus]] [[eo:Cupressus]] [[he:ברוש]] [[it:Cupressus]] [[ko:사이프러스]] [[la:Cupressus]] [[nl:Cupressus]] [[pl:Cyprys]] [[pt:Cupressus]] [[ru:Кипарис (дерево)]] [[sq:Cupressus]] [[sr:Чемпрес]] [[sv:Cypresser]] [[tr:Servi]] 9800 2006-11-18T14:15:30Z Moyogo 11 +interwiki fr [[image:Med Cypress.jpg|thumb|right|250px|]] '''Sipre''' (''Cupressus sempervirens'') ezali [[nzete]] moko ya molai ya zamba. {| border="1" cellspacing="0" |Règne |Plantae |- |phylum |Pinophyta |- |classe |Pinopsida |- |ordre |Pinales |- |famille |Cupressaceae |} [[Category:Nzete]] [[da:Cypres]] [[de:Zypressen]] [[en:Cupressus]] [[es:Cupressus]] [[eo:Cupressus]] [[fr:Cyprès]] [[he:ברוש]] [[it:Cupressus]] [[ko:사이프러스]] [[la:Cupressus]] [[nl:Cupressus]] [[pl:Cyprys]] [[pt:Cupressus]] [[ru:Кипарис (дерево)]] [[sq:Cupressus]] [[sr:Чемпрес]] [[sv:Cypresser]] [[tr:Servi]] Template:User es-3 2729 9678 2006-11-09T14:38:56Z Bombo 12 <div style="float:left; border:solid 1px #99B3FF; margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:18.6em; background-color:#E0E8FF" | style="width:3.52em; height:3.52em; background-color:#99B3FF; text-align:center" | <div style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; font-size:1.5em">'''es-3'''</div> | style="font-size:0.83em; padding:0.47em; line-height:1.25em" | Este usuario puede contribuir con un nivel '''[[:Category:Utilisateur es-3|avanzado]]''' de '''[[:Category:Utilisateur es|español]].''' |} </div> Category:Utilisateur es-3 2730 9679 2006-11-09T14:39:50Z Bombo 12 [[Category:User es]] Template:User sv-1 2731 9680 2006-11-09T14:40:36Z Bombo 12 <div style="float:left; border:solid 1px #99B3FF; margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:18.6em; background-color:#E0E8FF" | style="width:3.52em; height:3.52em; background-color:#99B3FF; text-align:center" | <div style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; font-size:1.5em">'''sv-1'''</div> | style="font-size:0.83em; padding:0.47em; line-height:1.25em" | Denna användare har '''[[:Category:Utilisateur sv-1|baskunskaper]]''' i '''[[:Category:Utilisateur sv|svenska]]'''. |} </div> Category:Utilisateur sv-1 2732 9681 2006-11-09T14:40:58Z Bombo 12 cat [[Category:User sv]] Cyrille Bokongama 2733 9694 2006-11-11T22:09:49Z Bombo 12 '''Cyrille Bokongama''' azali [[bourgemestre]] ya [[Bumbu]]. Bonakiye na mokoloya [[8 yuli]] [[2005]] na [[Joseph Kabila]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Moto wa politiki ya Kinsásá]] [[category:Kinsásá]] Kalonji Kadima 2734 9695 2006-11-11T22:10:21Z Bombo 12 '''Kalonji Kadima''' azali [[bourgemestre]] ya [[Kalamu]]. Bonakiye na mokoloya [[8 yuli]] [[2005]] na [[Joseph Kabila]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Moto wa politiki ya Kinsásá]] [[category:Kinsásá]] Meta Mbuyi 2735 9696 2006-11-11T22:10:47Z Bombo 12 '''Meta Mbuyi''' azali [[bourgemestre]] ya [[Kasa-Vubu]]. Bonakiye na mokoloya [[8 yuli]] [[2005]] na [[Joseph Kabila]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Moto wa politiki ya Kinsásá]] [[category:Kinsásá]] Paul Kambombo 2736 9697 2006-11-11T22:11:09Z Bombo 12 '''Paul Kambombo''' azali [[bourgemestre]] ya [[Kimbanseke]]. Bonakiye na mokoloya [[8 yuli]] [[2005]] na [[Joseph Kabila]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Moto wa politiki ya Kinsásá]] [[category:Kinsásá]] Éduard Lokwa 2737 9698 2006-11-11T22:11:44Z Bombo 12 '''Éduard Lokwa''' azali [[bourgemestre]] ya [[Kinsásá (Commune)|Kinsásá]]. Bonakiye na mokoloya [[8 yuli]] [[2005]] na [[Joseph Kabila]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Moto wa politiki ya Kinsásá]] [[category:Kinsásá]] Moussa Abdourazak 2738 9699 2006-11-11T22:12:33Z Bombo 12 '''Moussa Abdourazak''' azali [[bourgemestre]] ya [[Kisenso]]. Bonakiye na mokoloya [[8 yuli]] [[2005]] na [[Joseph Kabila]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Moto wa politiki ya Kinsásá]] [[category:Kinsásá]] Sam Sambuza 2739 9700 2006-11-11T22:12:58Z Bombo 12 '''Sam Sambuza''' azali [[bourgemestre]] ya [[Kintambo]]. Bonakiye na mokoloya [[8 yuli]] [[2005]] na [[Joseph Kabila]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Moto wa politiki ya Kinsásá]] [[category:Kinsásá]] Apolinia Lomba 2740 9705 2006-11-11T22:21:32Z Bombo 12 '''Apolinia Lomba''' azali [[bourgemestre]] ya [[Lemba]]. Bonakiye na mokoloya [[8 yuli]] [[2005]] na [[Joseph Kabila]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Moto wa politiki ya Kinsásá]] [[category:Kinsásá]] Nsanga Batulikisa 2741 9706 2006-11-11T22:22:13Z Bombo 12 '''Nsanga Batulikisa''' azali [[bourgemestre]] ya [[Limete]]. Bonakiye na mokoloya [[8 yuli]] [[2005]] na [[Joseph Kabila]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Moto wa politiki ya Kinsásá]] [[category:Kinsásá]] Musangudi Ngabama 2742 9707 2006-11-11T22:22:33Z Bombo 12 '''Musangudi Ngabama''' azali [[bourgemestre]] ya [[Lingwala]]. Bonakiye na mokoloya [[8 yuli]] [[2005]] na [[Joseph Kabila]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Moto wa politiki ya Kinsásá]] [[category:Kinsásá]] Mafulu Kaputu 2743 9708 2006-11-11T22:22:59Z Bombo 12 '''Mafulu Kaputu''' azali [[bourgemestre]] ya [[Masina]]. Bonakiye na mokoloya [[8 yuli]] [[2005]] na [[Joseph Kabila]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Moto wa politiki ya Kinsásá]] [[category:Kinsásá]] Kif Kimbembe Nyamba 2744 9709 2006-11-11T22:23:28Z Bombo 12 '''Kif Kimbembe Nyamba''' azali [[bourgemestre]] ya [[Matete]]. Bonakiye na mokoloya [[8 yuli]] [[2005]] na [[Joseph Kabila]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Moto wa politiki ya Kinsásá]] [[category:Kinsásá]] Camile Masumu Mwanda 2745 9710 2006-11-11T22:23:56Z Bombo 12 '''Camile Masumu Mwanda''' azali [[bourgemestre]] ya [[Mont-Ngafula]]. Bonakiye na mokoloya [[8 yuli]] [[2005]] na [[Joseph Kabila]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Moto wa politiki ya Kinsásá]] [[category:Kinsásá]] 9729 2006-11-11T23:28:05Z Bombo 12 typo '''Camile Masumu Mwanda''' azali [[bourgemestre]] ya [[Mont Ngafula]]. Bonakiye na mokoloya [[8 yuli]] [[2005]] na [[Joseph Kabila]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Moto wa politiki ya Kinsásá]] [[category:Kinsásá]] Clément Makanda Bende Bende 2746 9711 2006-11-11T22:24:19Z Bombo 12 '''Clément Makanda Bende Bende''' azali [[bourgemestre]] ya [[N’Djili]]. Bonakiye na mokoloya [[8 yuli]] [[2005]] na [[Joseph Kabila]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Moto wa politiki ya Kinsásá]] [[category:Kinsásá]] Célestine Mfumi Faïda 2747 9712 2006-11-11T22:24:45Z Bombo 12 '''Célestine Mfumi Faïda''' azali [[bourgemestre]] ya [[Ngaba]]. Bonakiye na mokoloya [[8 yuli]] [[2005]] na [[Joseph Kabila]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Moto wa politiki ya Kinsásá]] [[category:Kinsásá]] Numbi Nkulu 2748 9713 2006-11-11T22:29:35Z Bombo 12 '''Numbi Nkulu''' azali [[bourgemestre]] ya [[Selembao]]. Bonakiye na mokoloya [[8 yuli]] [[2005]] na [[Joseph Kabila]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Moto wa politiki ya Kinsásá]] [[category:Kinsásá]] Augustin Nkama 2749 9714 2006-11-11T22:30:06Z Bombo 12 '''Augustin Nkama''' azali [[bourgemestre]] ya [[N’Sele]]. Bonakiye na mokoloya [[8 yuli]] [[2005]] na [[Joseph Kabila]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Moto wa politiki ya Kinsásá]] [[category:Kinsásá]] Tshimanga Kalala 2750 9715 2006-11-11T22:30:27Z Bombo 12 '''Tshimanga Kalala''' azali [[bourgemestre]] ya [[Ngiri-Ngiri]]. Bonakiye na mokoloya [[8 yuli]] [[2005]] na [[Joseph Kabila]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Moto wa politiki ya Kinsásá]] [[category:Kinsásá]] Template:Lonkásá ya libosó/Special 2751 9717 2006-11-11T22:39:47Z Bombo 12 <div text-align:center; background-color:#FCFCFC; padding:0.6ex 2ex;"> *[[Special:Newpages|ekakoli ya sika]] *[[Wikipedia_themes|ekakoli par thèmes]] *[[Special:Categories|ekákoli par catégorie]] *[[Special:Wantedpages|ekakoli manquants]] *[[Special:Allpages|Allpages]] </div> </div> 9723 2006-11-11T23:01:46Z Bombo 12 <div style="background-color:#ffffff; border:0.4em solid #eeeef3; padding:0 0.3em;"> *[[Special:Newpages|ekakoli ya sika]] *[[Wikipedia_themes|ekakoli par thèmes]] *[[Special:Categories|ekákoli par catégorie]] *[[Special:Wantedpages|ekakoli manquants]] *[[Special:Allpages|Allpages]] </div> Template:Kinsásá 2752 9726 2006-11-11T23:20:31Z Bombo 12 fr.wikipedia — merci Moyogo! {| id="kinshasa" cellspacing=0 style="width: 200px; margin: 0 0 5px 1em; float: center; clean: center; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em" | style="padding: 0.5em" | {| align="center" style="background-color: #ccccff" width="95%" | align="center" width="100%" | '''[[liste des communes de Kinshasa|24 komini]] ya [[Kinsásá]]<br />''' | style="padding: 5px 10px 5px 5px" | [[Image:Kinshasa-flag.png|60px|Blason de Kinshasa]] |} |- | <div style="width:100%;position:relative;text-align:left">[[Image:Kinshasa-communes.svg|500px|]] <!-- centre-ville --> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:12px; border:none ;left:50px; top:22px;">[[Brazzaville]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:12px; border:none ;left:155px; top:42px">''[[Ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]]''</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none ;left:260px; top:66px">''[[Pool Malebo]]''</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:6px; top:85px; text-align:center;">''[[Baie de Ngaliema|Baie <br/>de Ngaliema]]''</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:112px; top:86px">[[La Gombe (Kinshasa)|Gombe]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:180px; top:95px">[[Barumbu|Barumbu]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:162px; top:105px">[[Kinshasa (commune)|Kin.]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:140px; top:120px">[[Lingwala|Ling.]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:148px; top:143px">[[Kasa-Vubu (commune)|K.-V.]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:130px; top:171px">[[Ngiri-Ngiri|Ng.-Ng.]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:176px; top:157px">[[Kalamu (Kinshasa)|Kal.]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:100px; top:130px">[[Bandalungwa|Banda-<br/>lungwa]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:62px; top:115px">[[Kintambo]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:25px; top:180px">[[Ngaliema]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:100px; top:243px">[[Selembao]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:120px; top:200px">[[Bumbu]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:150px; top:220px">[[Makala]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:185px; top:210px">[[Ngaba]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:170px; top:257px">[[Lemba (Kinshasa)|Lemba]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:220px; top:143px">[[Limete]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:238px; top:230px">[[Matete]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:212px; top:280px">[[Kinsenso]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:325px; top:205px">[[Masina]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:281px; top:255px">[[Ndjili]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:325px; top:280px">[[Kimbanseke]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:425px; top:243px">[[Nsele]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:140px; top:315px">[[Mont Ngafula]]</div> <!-- carte provinciale --> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:402px; top:30px">[[Nsele]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:420px; top:12px">[[Maluku (Congo)|Maluku]]</div> </div> |- | <div style="font-size:11px;">abréviations : Kinsásá (Kin.), Kasa-Vubu (K.-V.), Lingwala (Ling.), Ngiri-Ngiri (Ng.-Ng.) </div> |} <noinclude> [[Category:Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bakomini ya Kinshasa]] </noinclude> 9727 2006-11-11T23:22:14Z Bombo 12 Molongo_ya_ba_komini_ya_Kinshasa {| id="kinshasa" cellspacing=0 style="width: 200px; margin: 0 0 5px 1em; float: center; clean: center; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #8888aa; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; line-height: 1.5em" | style="padding: 0.5em" | {| align="center" style="background-color: #ccccff" width="95%" | align="center" width="100%" | '''[[Molongo_ya_ba_komini_ya_Kinshasa|24 bakomini]] ya [[Kinsásá]]<br />''' | style="padding: 5px 10px 5px 5px" | [[Image:Kinshasa-flag.png|60px|Blason de Kinshasa]] |} |- | <div style="width:100%;position:relative;text-align:left">[[Image:Kinshasa-communes.svg|500px|]] <!-- centre-ville --> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:12px; border:none ;left:50px; top:22px;">[[Brazzaville]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:12px; border:none ;left:155px; top:42px">''[[Ebale Kɔ́ngɔ]]''</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none ;left:260px; top:66px">''[[Pool Malebo]]''</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:6px; top:85px; text-align:center;">''[[Baie de Ngaliema|Baie <br/>de Ngaliema]]''</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:112px; top:86px">[[La Gombe (Kinshasa)|Gombe]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:180px; top:95px">[[Barumbu|Barumbu]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:162px; top:105px">[[Kinshasa (commune)|Kin.]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:140px; top:120px">[[Lingwala|Ling.]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:148px; top:143px">[[Kasa-Vubu (commune)|K.-V.]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:130px; top:171px">[[Ngiri-Ngiri|Ng.-Ng.]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:176px; top:157px">[[Kalamu (Kinshasa)|Kal.]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:100px; top:130px">[[Bandalungwa|Banda-<br/>lungwa]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:62px; top:115px">[[Kintambo]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:25px; top:180px">[[Ngaliema]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:100px; top:243px">[[Selembao]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:120px; top:200px">[[Bumbu]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:150px; top:220px">[[Makala]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:185px; top:210px">[[Ngaba]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:170px; top:257px">[[Lemba (Kinshasa)|Lemba]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:220px; top:143px">[[Limete]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:238px; top:230px">[[Matete]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:212px; top:280px">[[Kinsenso]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:325px; top:205px">[[Masina]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:281px; top:255px">[[Ndjili]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:325px; top:280px">[[Kimbanseke]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:425px; top:243px">[[Nsele]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:140px; top:315px">[[Mont Ngafula]]</div> <!-- carte provinciale --> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:402px; top:30px">[[Nsele]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:11px; border:none; left:420px; top:12px">[[Maluku (Congo)|Maluku]]</div> </div> |- | <div style="font-size:11px;">abréviations : Kinsásá (Kin.), Kasa-Vubu (K.-V.), Lingwala (Ling.), Ngiri-Ngiri (Ng.-Ng.) </div> |} <noinclude> [[Category:Kinshasa]] [[Category:Bakomini ya Kinshasa]] </noinclude> Kintambo 2753 9728 2006-11-11T23:25:48Z Bombo 12 {{Commune RDC 2005| nom=Kintambo| ville=[[Kinsásá]]| bourgmestre=M. [[Sam Sambuza]]| lg=[[Lingála]]| supkm2=? | pop= ? | annéepop= [[1995]]| densité= ?| ProvII=[[Kinsásá ]]| ProvIII=[[Kinshasa (province Constitution 2005)|Kinsásá]] }} '''Kintambo''' ezalí [[komini]] ya Engumba-Etuka [[Kinsásá]]. == Tála mpé == ===Nkásá o katí Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Nkásá o libanda Wikipedia=== {{Template:Kinsásá}} {{CommunesKinshasa}} [[Category:Bakomini ya Kinshasa]] [[fr:Kintambo]] Mont Ngafula 2754 9730 2006-11-11T23:29:18Z Bombo 12 {{Commune RDC 2005| nom=Mont Ngafula| ville=[[Kinsásá]]| bourgmestre=M. [[Camile Masumu Mwanda]]| lg=[[Lingála]]| supkm2=? | pop= ? | annéepop= [[1995]]| densité= ?| ProvII=[[Kinsásá ]]| ProvIII=[[Kinshasa (province Constitution 2005)|Kinsásá]] }} '''Mont Ngafula''' ezalí [[komini]] ya Engumba-Etuka [[Kinsásá]]. == Tála mpé == ===Nkásá o katí Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Nkásá o libanda Wikipedia=== {{Template:Kinsásá}} {{CommunesKinshasa}} [[Category:Bakomini ya Kinshasa]] [[en:Mont Ngafula]] [[fr:Mont Ngafula]] 9734 2006-11-11T23:36:59Z Bombo 12 {{Commune RDC 2005| nom=Mont Ngafula| ville=[[Kinsásá]]| bourgmestre=M. [[Camile Masumu Mwanda]]| lg=[[Lingála]]| supkm2= 35 892 ha | pop= 261 004 hab. | annéepop= [[2004]] est.| densité= 727,19 hab./km²| ProvII=[[Kinsásá ]]| ProvIII=[[Kinshasa (province Constitution 2005)|Kinsásá]] }} '''Mont Ngafula''' ezalí [[komini]] ya Engumba-Etuka [[Kinsásá]]. == Tála mpé == ===Nkásá o katí Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Nkásá o libanda Wikipedia=== {{Template:Kinsásá}} {{CommunesKinshasa}} [[Category:Bakomini ya Kinshasa]] [[en:Mont Ngafula]] [[fr:Mont Ngafula]] Limete 2755 9731 2006-11-11T23:32:38Z Bombo 12 {{Commune RDC 2005| nom=Limete| ville=[[Kinsásá]]| bourgmestre=Mme [[Nsanga Batulikisa]]| lg=[[Lingála]]| supkm2= 6 760 ha | pop= 375 726 hab. | annéepop= [[2004]] est.| densité= 5 558,08 hab./km²| ProvII=[[Kinsásá ]]| ProvIII=[[Kinshasa (province Constitution 2005)|Kinsásá]] }} '''Limete''' ezalí [[komini]] ya Engumba-Etuka [[Kinsásá]]. == Tála mpé == ===Nkásá o katí Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Nkásá o libanda Wikipedia=== {{Template:Kinsásá}} {{CommunesKinshasa}} [[Category:Bakomini ya Kinshasa]] 9732 2006-11-11T23:33:04Z Bombo 12 fr: {{Commune RDC 2005| nom=Limete| ville=[[Kinsásá]]| bourgmestre=Mme [[Nsanga Batulikisa]]| lg=[[Lingála]]| supkm2= 6 760 ha | pop= 375 726 hab. | annéepop= [[2004]] est.| densité= 5 558,08 hab./km²| ProvII=[[Kinsásá ]]| ProvIII=[[Kinshasa (province Constitution 2005)|Kinsásá]] }} '''Limete''' ezalí [[komini]] ya Engumba-Etuka [[Kinsásá]]. == Tála mpé == ===Nkásá o katí Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Nkásá o libanda Wikipedia=== {{Template:Kinsásá}} {{CommunesKinshasa}} [[Category:Bakomini ya Kinshasa]] [[fr:Limete]] Ngiri-Ngiri 2756 9736 2006-11-11T23:41:47Z Bombo 12 {{Commune RDC 2005| nom=Ngiri-Ngiri| ville=[[Kinsásá]]| bourgmestre=M. [[Tshimanga Kalala]]| lg=[[Lingála]]| supkm2= 340 ha | pop= 174 841 hab. | annéepop= [[2004]] est.| densité= 51 423,82 hab./km²| ProvII=[[Kinsásá ]]| ProvIII=[[Kinshasa (province Constitution 2005)|Kinsásá]] }} '''Ngiri-Ngiri''' ezalí [[komini]] ya Engumba-Etuka [[Kinsásá]]. == Tála mpé == ===Nkásá o katí Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Nkásá o libanda Wikipedia=== {{Template:Kinsásá}} {{CommunesKinshasa}} [[Category:Bakomini ya Kinshasa]] [[fr:Ngiri-Ngiri]] Makala 2757 9737 2006-11-11T23:44:25Z Bombo 12 {{Commune RDC 2005| nom=Makala| ville=[[Kinsásá]]| bourgmestre=M. [[Macaire Bilombi Mbengi]]| lg=[[Lingála]]| supkm2= 560 ha | pop= 253 844 hab. | annéepop= [[2005]] est.| densité= 45 329,29 hab./km²| ProvII=[[Kinsásá ]]| ProvIII=[[Kinshasa (province Constitution 2005)|Kinsásá]] }} '''Makala''' ezalí [[komini]] ya Engumba-Etuka [[Kinsásá]]. == Tála mpé == ===Nkásá o katí Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Nkásá o libanda Wikipedia=== {{Template:Kinsásá}} {{CommunesKinshasa}} [[Category:Bakomini ya Kinshasa]] [[fr:Makala]] Macaire Bilombi Mbengi 2758 9738 2006-11-11T23:45:38Z Bombo 12 '''Macaire Bilombi Mbengi''' azali [[bourgemestre]] ya [[Makala]]. Bonakiye na mokoloya [[8 yuli]] [[2005]] na [[Joseph Kabila]]. {{ndámbo}} [[Category:Moto wa politiki ya Kinsásá]] [[category:Kinsásá]] Nsele 2759 9739 2006-11-11T23:50:20Z Bombo 12 {{Commune RDC 2005| nom=Nsele| ville=[[Kinsásá]]| bourgmestre=M. [[Augustin Nkama]]| lg=[[Lingála]]| supkm2= 89 879 ha | pop= 140 929 hab. | annéepop= [[2004]] est.| densité= 156,8 hab./km²| ProvII=[[Kinsásá ]]| ProvIII=[[Kinshasa (province Constitution 2005)|Kinsásá]] }} '''Nsele''' ezalí [[komini]] ya Engumba-Etuka [[Kinsásá]]. == Tála mpé == ===Nkásá o katí Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Nkásá o libanda Wikipedia=== {{Template:Kinsásá}} {{CommunesKinshasa}} [[Category:Bakomini ya Kinshasa]] [[fr:Nsele]] Ndjili 2760 9740 2006-11-11T23:56:23Z Bombo 12 {{Commune RDC 2005| nom=Ndjili| ville=[[Kinsásá]]| bourgmestre=M. [[Clément Makanda Bende Bende]]| lg=[[Lingála]]| supkm2= 1 140 ha | pop= 442 138| annéepop= [[2004]] est.| densité= 38 784,04| ProvII=[[Kinsásá ]]| ProvIII=[[Kinshasa (province Constitution 2005)|Kinsásá]] }} '''Ndjili''' ezalí [[komini]] ya Engumba-Etuka [[Kinsásá]]. {| border="1" style="float:right; margin: 1em;border-collapse:collapse;" ! style="background:#efefef;" | Année ! style="background:#efefef;" | Bato |----- | [[1967]] || align="right" | {{formatnum:80000}} |----- | [[1970]] || align="right" | (rec. élect.) {{formatnum:102881}} |----- | [[1984]] || align="right" | (rec. sci.) {{formatnum:157010}} |----- | [[2003]] || align="right" | (est.) {{formatnum:427583}} |----- | [[2004]] || align="right" | {{formatnum:442138}} |} [[Image:Boulevard Lumumba02.jpg|thumb|right|300px|[[Boulevard Lumumba]] à Ndjili]] == Tála mpé == ===Nkásá o katí Wikipedia=== *[[Molongo ya ba komini ya Kinshasa]] ===Nkásá o libanda Wikipedia=== {{Template:Kinsásá}} {{CommunesKinshasa}} [[Category:Bakomini ya Kinshasa]] [[fr:Ndjili]] Mpótó 2761 9744 2006-11-12T19:05:52Z Bombo 12 {{Bokokani}} * [[Erópa]] * [[Amerika]] * [[Moliki ya weste]] (Erópa + Amerika) * [[Portugal]] Bɛ́ljika 2762 9748 2006-11-13T11:09:00Z 160.85.2.50 [[Bɛ́ljika]] ezalí esé o ntéi ya [[Erópa]]. [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] 9750 2006-11-13T11:12:36Z 160.85.2.50 [[Bɛ́ljika]] ezalí esé o ntéi ya [[Erópa]]. {{Template:Bisé ya Eropa}} [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[als:Belgien]] [[de:Belgien]] [[en:Belgium]] 9802 2006-11-19T07:50:06Z Moyogo 11 [[Bɛ́ljika]] ezalí esé o ntéi ya [[Erópa]]. {{Template:Bisé ya Eropa}} [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[af:België]] [[als:Belgien]] [[ang:Belgium]] [[ar:بلجيكا]] [[arc:ܒܠܓܝܟܐ]] [[an:Belchica]] [[roa-rup:Belghia]] [[frp:Bèlg·ique]] [[ast:Bélxica]] [[bar:Belgien]] [[id:Belgia]] [[ms:Belgium]] [[bn:বেলজিয়াম]] [[zh-min-nan:Belgien]] [[jv:Belgia]] [[be:Бэльгія]] [[bs:Belgija]] [[br:Belgia]] [[bg:Белгия]] [[ca:Bèlgica]] [[cv:Бельги]] [[cs:Belgie]] [[cy:Gwlad Belg]] [[da:Belgien]] [[de:Belgien]] [[et:Belgia]] [[na:Belgium]] [[el:Βέλγιο]] [[en:Belgium]] [[es:Bélgica]] [[eo:Belgio]] [[eu:Belgika]] [[fa:بلژیک]] [[fr:Belgique]] [[fy:Belgje]] [[fur:Belgjo]] [[ga:An Bheilg]] [[gv:Yn Velg]] [[gd:A' Bheilg]] [[gl:Bélxica - België]] [[ko:벨기에]] [[hy:Բելգիա]] [[hr:Belgija]] [[io:Belgia]] [[ilo:Belgium]] [[ia:Belgica]] [[os:Бельги]] [[is:Belgía]] [[it:Belgio]] [[he:בלגיה]] [[ka:ბელგია]] [[kw:Pow Belg]] [[ht:Bèljik]] [[ku:Belçîka]] [[la:Belgia]] [[lv:Beļģija]] [[lb:Belsch]] [[lt:Belgija]] [[li:Belsj]] [[jbo:gugdrbelgi]] [[hu:Belgium]] [[mk:Белгија]] [[mr:बेल्जियम]] [[nl:België]] [[nds-nl:België]] [[ne:बेल्जियम]] [[ja:ベルギー]] [[no:Belgia]] [[nn:Belgia]] [[nrm:Belgique]] [[nov:Belgia]] [[oc:Belgica]] [[pam:Belgium]] [[ps:بلجيم]] [[pms:Belgio]] [[nds:Belgien]] [[pl:Belgia]] [[pt:Bélgica]] [[ro:Belgia]] [[rm:Belgia]] [[qu:Bilhika]] [[ru:Бельгия]] [[se:Belgia]] [[sa:बेल्जियम]] [[sq:Belgjika]] [[scn:Belgiu]] [[simple:Belgium]] [[sk:Belgicko]] [[sl:Belgija]] [[sr:Белгија]] [[sh:Belgija]] [[fi:Belgia]] [[sv:Belgien]] [[tl:Belhika]] [[ta:பெல்ஜியம்]] [[tet:Béljika]] [[th:ประเทศเบลเยียม]] [[vi:Bỉ]] [[tg:Белгия]] [[tpi:Belsum]] [[tr:Belçika]] [[uk:Бельґія]] [[fiu-vro:Belgiä]] [[wa:Beldjike]] [[vls:Belgje]] [[zh-yue:比利時]] [[zh:比利时]] 9940 2006-12-10T15:14:15Z Escarbot 73 robot Ajoute: [[zea:België]] Modifie: [[uk:Бельгія]] [[Bɛ́ljika]] ezalí esé o ntéi ya [[Erópa]]. {{Template:Bisé ya Eropa}} [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] [[af:België]] [[als:Belgien]] [[an:Belchica]] [[ang:Belgium]] [[ar:بلجيكا]] [[arc:ܒܠܓܝܟܐ]] [[ast:Bélxica]] [[bar:Belgien]] [[be:Бэльгія]] [[bg:Белгия]] [[bn:বেলজিয়াম]] [[br:Belgia]] [[bs:Belgija]] [[ca:Bèlgica]] [[cs:Belgie]] [[cv:Бельги]] [[cy:Gwlad Belg]] [[da:Belgien]] [[de:Belgien]] [[el:Βέλγιο]] [[en:Belgium]] [[eo:Belgio]] [[es:Bélgica]] [[et:Belgia]] [[eu:Belgika]] [[fa:بلژیک]] [[fi:Belgia]] [[fiu-vro:Belgiä]] [[fr:Belgique]] [[frp:Bèlg·ique]] [[fur:Belgjo]] [[fy:Belgje]] [[ga:An Bheilg]] [[gd:A' Bheilg]] [[gl:Bélxica - België]] [[gv:Yn Velg]] [[he:בלגיה]] [[hr:Belgija]] [[ht:Bèljik]] [[hu:Belgium]] [[hy:Բելգիա]] [[ia:Belgica]] [[id:Belgia]] [[ilo:Belgium]] [[io:Belgia]] [[is:Belgía]] [[it:Belgio]] [[ja:ベルギー]] [[jbo:gugdrbelgi]] [[jv:Belgia]] [[ka:ბელგია]] [[ko:벨기에]] [[ku:Belçîka]] [[kw:Pow Belg]] [[la:Belgia]] [[lb:Belsch]] [[li:Belsj]] [[lt:Belgija]] [[lv:Beļģija]] [[mk:Белгија]] [[mr:बेल्जियम]] [[ms:Belgium]] [[na:Belgium]] [[nds:Belgien]] [[nds-nl:België]] [[ne:बेल्जियम]] [[nl:België]] [[nn:Belgia]] [[no:Belgia]] [[nov:Belgia]] [[nrm:Belgique]] [[oc:Belgica]] [[os:Бельги]] [[pam:Belgium]] [[pl:Belgia]] [[pms:Belgio]] [[ps:بلجيم]] [[pt:Bélgica]] [[qu:Bilhika]] [[rm:Belgia]] [[ro:Belgia]] [[roa-rup:Belghia]] [[ru:Бельгия]] [[sa:बेल्जियम]] [[scn:Belgiu]] [[se:Belgia]] [[sh:Belgija]] [[simple:Belgium]] [[sk:Belgicko]] [[sl:Belgija]] [[sq:Belgjika]] [[sr:Белгија]] [[sv:Belgien]] [[ta:பெல்ஜியம்]] [[tet:Béljika]] [[tg:Белгия]] [[th:ประเทศเบลเยียม]] [[tl:Belhika]] [[tpi:Belsum]] [[tr:Belçika]] [[uk:Бельгія]] [[vi:Bỉ]] [[vls:Belgje]] [[wa:Beldjike]] [[zea:België]] [[zh:比利时]] [[zh-min-nan:Belgien]] [[zh-yue:比利時]] Bɛ́lɛjika 2763 9749 2006-11-13T11:09:59Z 160.85.2.50 Redirecting to [[Bɛ́ljika]] #REDIRECT [[Bɛ́ljika]] Sipre 2764 9752 2006-11-13T11:15:05Z Bombo 12 [[Sipre]] moved to [[Sipre (nzete)]]: Sipre (esé) #REDIRECT [[Sipre (nzete)]] 9753 2006-11-13T11:16:21Z Bombo 12 {{Bokokani}} * [[Sipre (nzete)]] * [[Sipre (esé)]] esé na [[Asia]] Category:Pápa 2765 9756 2006-11-13T11:27:27Z 160.85.2.50 [[Category:Katolike]] Category:Katolike 2766 9758 2006-11-13T11:29:32Z 160.85.2.50 cat [[Category:Boklísto]] Template:Infobox Pápa 2767 9762 2006-11-14T21:38:23Z 84.75.123.252 60% lingála <!--Infobox Pápa-->{| class="infobox" style="width: 20em; font-size: 95%; text-align: left; border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-bottom: 0px;" cellpadding="3" |- style="background-color: #F7D79C;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;" | {{{Nkombo lingála}}} <!--nom lingála--> |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;" | {{{image|}}} |- {{#if: {{{Nkombo ya mbotama|}}}| ! Nkombo ya mbotama {{!}} {{{Nkombo ya mbotama}}}}} <!--nom de naissance--> |- ! *Pápacy&nbsp;kobanda <!--début période de pape--> | {{{term_start}}} |- ! *Pápacy&nbsp;nsuka <!--fin période de pape--> | {{{term_end}}} |- ! *Predecesseur | {{{predecessor}}} |- {{#if: {{{successor|}}}| ! *Successeur {{!}} {{{successor}}}}} |- ! Ɛlaka ya mbotama <!--date de naissance--> | {{{birth_date}}}<br>{{{birthplace|}}} |- {{#if: {{{death_date|}}}| ! Ɛlaka ya liwa <!--date de naissance--> {{!}} {{{death_date}}}<br>{{{deathplace|}}}}} |- {{#if: {{{other|}}}| {{!}} colspan="2" style="font-style: italics; text-align: center; font-size: smaller;" {{!}} [[Pope {{{other}}}|*Other Popes named {{{other}}}]]}} |- {{#if: {{{footnotes|}}}| {{!}} colspan="2" style="font-style: italics; font-size: smaller; border-top: 1px solid;" {{!}} {{{footnotes}}}}} |} 9763 2006-11-14T21:50:05Z 84.75.123.252 <!--Infobox Pápa-->{| class="infobox" style="width: 20em; font-size: 95%; text-align: left; border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-bottom: 0px;" cellpadding="3" |- style="background-color: #F7D79C;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;" | {{{Nkombo lingála}}} <!--nom lingála--> |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;" | {{{image|}}} |- ! Nkombo ya mbotama | {{{Nkombo ya mbotama}}} <!--nom de naissance--> |- ! *Pápacy&nbsp;kobanda <!--début période de pape--> | {{{term_start}}} |- ! *Pápacy&nbsp;nsuka <!--fin période de pape--> | {{{term_end}}} |- ! *Predecesseur | {{{predecessor}}} |- ! *Successeur | {{{successor}}}}} |- ! Ɛlaka ya mbotama <!--date de naissance--> | {{{birth_date}}}<br>{{{birthplace|}}} |- ! Ɛlaka ya liwa <!--date de naissance--> | {{{death_date}}}<br>{{{deathplace|}}} |} 9764 2006-11-14T21:54:25Z 84.75.123.252 <!--Infobox Pápa-->{| class="infobox" style="width: 20em; font-size: 95%; text-align: left; border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-bottom: 0px;" cellpadding="3" |- style="background-color: #F7D79C;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;" | {{{Nkombo lingála}}} <!--nom lingála--> |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;" | {{{image|}}} |- ! Nkombo ya mbotama | {{{Nkombo ya mbotama}}} <!--nom de naissance--> |- ! *Pápacy&nbsp;kobanda <!--début période de pape--> | {{{*Pápacy&nbsp;kobanda}}} |- ! *Pápacy&nbsp;nsuka <!--fin période de pape--> | {{{term_end}}} |- ! *Predecesseur | {{{predecessor}}} |- ! *Successeur | {{{successor}}} |- ! Ɛlaka ya mbotama <!--date de naissance--> | {{{birth_date}}}<br>{{{birthplace|}}} |- ! Ɛlaka ya liwa <!--date de naissance--> | {{{death_date}}}<br>{{{deathplace|}}} |} 9765 2006-11-14T21:55:19Z 84.75.123.252 <!--Infobox Pápa-->{| class="infobox" style="width: 20em; font-size: 95%; text-align: left; border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-bottom: 0px;" cellpadding="3" |- style="background-color: #F7D79C;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;" | {{{Nkombo lingála}}} <!--nom lingála--> |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;" | {{{image|}}} |- ! Nkombo ya mbotama | {{{Nkombo ya mbotama}}} <!--nom de naissance--> |- ! *Pápacy&nbsp;kobanda <!--début période de pape--> | {{{*Pápacy&nbsp;kobanda}}} |- ! *Pápacy&nbsp;nsuka <!--fin période de pape--> | {{{*Pápacy&nbsp;nsuka}}} |- ! *Predecesseur | {{{*Predecesseur}}} |- ! *Successeur | {{{*Successeur}}} |- ! Ɛlaka ya mbotama <!--date de naissance--> | {{{Ɛlaka ya mbotama}}}<br>{{{birthplace|}}} |- ! Ɛlaka ya liwa <!--date de naissance--> | {{{Ɛlaka ya liwa}}}<br>{{{deathplace|}}} |} 9766 2006-11-14T22:00:55Z 84.75.123.252 <!--Infobox Pápa-->{| class="infobox" style="width: 20em; font-size: 95%; text-align: left; border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-bottom: 0px;" cellpadding="3" |- style="background-color: #F7D79C;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;" | {{{Nkombo lingála}}} <!--nom lingála--> |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;" | {{{image|}}} |- ! Nkombo ya mbotama | {{{Nkombo ya mbotama}}} <!--nom de naissance--> |- ! *Pápacy&nbsp;kobanda <!--début période de pape--> | {{{*Pápacy&nbsp;kobanda}}} |- ! *Pápacy&nbsp;nsuka <!--fin période de pape--> | {{{*Pápacy&nbsp;nsuka}}} |- ! *Predecesseur | {{{*Predecesseur}}} |- ! *Successeur | {{{*Successeur}}} |- ! Ɛlaka ya mbotama <!--date de naissance--> | {{{Ɛlaka ya mbotama}}}<br>{{{Mokili|}}} |- ! Ɛlaka ya liwa <!--date de naissance--> | {{{Ɛlaka ya liwa}}}<br>{{{deathplace|}}} |} 9791 2006-11-18T13:46:59Z Moyogo 11 <!--Infobox Pápa-->{| class="infobox" style="width: 20em; font-size: 95%; text-align: left; border-collapse: collapse; border: 0px, 0px, 0px, 0px; float:right;" cellpadding="3" |- style="background-color: #F7D79C;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;" | {{{Nkombo lingála}}} <!--nom lingála--> |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;" | {{{image|}}} |- ! Nkómbó ya mbótama | {{{Nkómbó ya mbótama}}} <!--nom de naissance--> |- ! *Pápacy&nbsp;kobanda <!--début période de pape--> | {{{*Pápacy&nbsp;kobanda}}} |- ! *Pápacy&nbsp;nsúka <!--fin période de pape--> | {{{*Pápacy&nbsp;nsúka}}} |- ! *Predecesseur | {{{*Predecesseur}}} |- ! *mokitani | {{{*mokitani}}} |- ! Elaká ya mbótama <!--date de naissance--> | {{{Elaká ya mbótama}}}<br>{{{Mokili|}}} |- ! Elaká ya liwâ <!--date de naissance--> | {{{Elaká ya liwâ}}}<br>{{{deathplace|}}} |} 9792 2006-11-18T13:47:35Z Moyogo 11 <!--Infobox Pápa-->{| class="infobox" style="width: 20em; font-size: 95%; text-align: left; border-collapse: collapse; border: 0px, 0px, 0px, 0px; float:right;" cellpadding="3" |- style="background-color: #F7D79C;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;" | {{{Nkómbó lingála}}} <!--nom lingála--> |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;" | {{{image|}}} |- ! Nkómbó ya mbótama | {{{Nkómbó ya mbótama}}} <!--nom de naissance--> |- ! *Pápacy&nbsp;kobanda <!--début période de pape--> | {{{*Pápacy&nbsp;kobanda}}} |- ! *Pápacy&nbsp;nsúka <!--fin période de pape--> | {{{*Pápacy&nbsp;nsúka}}} |- ! *Predecesseur | {{{*Predecesseur}}} |- ! *mokitani | {{{*mokitani}}} |- ! Elaká ya mbótama <!--date de naissance--> | {{{Elaká ya mbótama}}}<br>{{{Mokili|}}} |- ! Elaká ya liwâ <!--date de naissance--> | {{{Elaká ya liwâ}}}<br>{{{deathplace|}}} |} 9795 2006-11-18T13:52:23Z Moyogo 11 <!--Infobox Pápa-->{| class="infobox" style="width: 20em; font-size: 95%; text-align: left; border-collapse: collapse; border: 0px, 0px, 0px, 0px; float:right;" cellpadding="3" |- style="background-color: #F7D79C;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;" | {{{Nkómbó lingála}}} <!--nom lingála--> |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;" | {{{image|}}} |- ! Nkómbó ya mbótama | {{{Nkómbó ya mbótama}}} <!--nom de naissance--> |- ! *Pápacy&nbsp;kobanda <!--début période de pape--> | {{{*Pápacy&nbsp;kobanda}}} |- ! *Pápacy&nbsp;nsúka <!--fin période de pape--> | {{{*Pápacy&nbsp;nsúka}}} |- ! *Predecesseur | {{{*Predecesseur}}} |- ! mokitani | {{{mokitani}}} |- ! Elaká ya mbótama <!--date de naissance--> | {{{Elaká ya mbótama}}}<br>{{{Mokili|}}} |- ! Elaká ya liwâ <!--date de naissance--> | {{{Elaká ya liwâ}}}<br>{{{deathplace|}}} |} 9797 2006-11-18T14:07:28Z Moyogo 11 <!--Infobox Pápa-->{| class="infobox" style="width: 20em; font-size: 95%; text-align: left; border-collapse: collapse; border: 0px, 0px, 0px, 0px; float:right;" cellpadding="3" |- style="background-color: #F7D79C;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;" | {{{Nkómbó lingála}}} <!--nom lingála--> |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;" | {{{image|}}} |- ! Nkómbó ya mbótama | {{{Nkómbó ya mbótama}}} <!--nom de naissance--> |- ! *Pápacy&nbsp;bandá <!--début période de pape--> | {{{*Pápacy&nbsp;bandá}}} |- ! *Pápacy&nbsp;nsúka <!--fin période de pape--> | {{{*Pápacy&nbsp;nsúka}}} |- ! *Predecesseur | {{{*Predecesseur}}} |- ! mokitani | {{{mokitani}}} |- ! Elaká ya mbótama <!--date de naissance--> | {{{Elaká ya mbótama}}}<br>{{{Mokili|}}} |- ! Elaká ya liwâ <!--date de naissance--> | {{{Elaká ya liwâ}}}<br>{{{deathplace|}}} |} 9798 2006-11-18T14:10:55Z Moyogo 11 <!--Infobox Pápa-->{| class="infobox" style="width: 20em; font-size: 95%; text-align: left; border-collapse: collapse; border: 0px, 0px, 0px, 0px; float:right;" cellpadding="3" |- style="background-color: #F7D79C;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;" | {{{Nkómbó lingála}}} <!--nom lingála--> |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;" | {{{image|}}} |- ! Nkómbó ya mbótama | {{{Nkómbó ya mbótama}}} <!--nom de naissance--> |- ! Pápa&nbsp;bandá <!--début période de pape--> | {{{Pápa bandá}}} |- ! nsúka <!--fin période de pape--> | {{{nsúka}}} |- ! *Predecesseur | {{{*Predecesseur}}} |- ! mokitani | {{{mokitani}}} |- ! Elaká ya mbótama <!--date de naissance--> | {{{Elaká ya mbótama}}}<br>{{{Mokili|}}} |- ! Elaká ya liwâ <!--date de naissance--> | {{{Elaká ya liwâ}}}<br>{{{deathplace|}}} |} 1927 2768 9768 2006-11-14T22:05:43Z 84.75.123.252 ==Likambo monɛnɛ== * ==Mbotama== * 16 aprili: '''Joseph Alois Ratzinger''' ([[Pápa Benwa XVI]]) ==Liwa== * [[category:ya 20 sekulɔ]] [[af:1927]] [[als:1927]] [[am:1927 እ.ኤ.አ.]] [[an:1927]] [[ang:1927]] [[ar:1927]] [[ast:1927]] [[av:1927]] [[az:1927]] 1581 2769 9770 2006-11-14T22:14:45Z 84.75.123.252 ==Likambo monɛnɛ== * ==Mbotama== * [[Vincent wa Paul]] o Pouy, [[Falansia]]. Tala mpé [[Lazariste]]. ==Liwa== [[Category:ya 16 sekulɔ]] [[de:1581]] [[en:1581]] [[fr:1581]] 9784 2006-11-18T13:27:15Z Moyogo 11 ==Likambo monɛnɛ== * ==Mbótama== * [[Vincent wa Paul]] o Pouy, [[Falansia]]. Tala mpé [[Lazariste]]. ==Liwa== [[Category:ya 16 sekulɔ]] [[de:1581]] [[en:1581]] [[fr:1581]] 9787 2006-11-18T13:29:24Z Moyogo 11 ==Likambo monɛnɛ== * ==Mbótama== * [[Vincent wa Paul]] o Pouy, [[Falansia]]. Tala mpé [[Lazariste]]. ==Liwâ== [[Category:ya 16 sekulɔ]] [[de:1581]] [[en:1581]] [[fr:1581]] 1660 2770 9771 2006-11-14T22:16:31Z 84.75.123.252 ==Likambo monɛnɛ== * ==Mbotama== * ==Liwa== * [[Vincent wa Paul]]. Tala mpé [[Lazariste]]. [[Category:ya 17 sekulɔ]] [[de:1660]] [[en:1660]] [[fr:1660]] 9783 2006-11-18T13:27:08Z Moyogo 11 ==Likambo monɛnɛ== * ==Mbótama== * ==Liwa== * [[Vincent wa Paul]]. Tala mpé [[Lazariste]]. [[Category:ya 17 sekulɔ]] [[de:1660]] [[en:1660]] [[fr:1660]] 9786 2006-11-18T13:29:16Z Moyogo 11 ==Likambo monɛnɛ== * ==Mbótama== * ==Liwâ== * [[Vincent wa Paul]]. Tala mpé [[Lazariste]]. [[Category:ya 17 sekulɔ]] [[de:1660]] [[en:1660]] [[fr:1660]] Category:Ya 16 sekulɔ 2771 9772 2006-11-14T22:18:17Z 84.75.123.252 cat [[Category:Basekulɔ]] 1925 2772 9773 2006-11-14T22:25:21Z 84.75.123.252 *lumumba ==Likambo monɛnɛ== * ==Mbotama== * 2 yúli: [[Patrice Lumumba|Patrice Émery Lumumba]], Moyángeli mwa yambo ya Bulamatari o [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. ==Liwa== * [[Category:ya 20 sekulɔ]] [[de:1925]] [[en:1925]] [[fr:1925]] 1961 2773 9774 2006-11-14T22:27:45Z 84.75.123.252 †lumumba ==Likambo monɛnɛ== * ==Mbotama== * ==Liwa== * 17 novɛ́mbɛ: [[Patrice Lumumba|Patrice Émery Lumumba]], Moyángeli mwa yambo ya Bulamatari o [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. [[Category:ya 20 sekulɔ]] [[de:1961]] [[en:1961]] [[fr:1961]] 9782 2006-11-18T13:26:09Z Moyogo 11 ==Likambo monɛnɛ== * ==Mbótama== * ==Liwâ== * 17 novɛ́mbɛ: [[Patrice Lumumba|Patrice Émery Lumumba]], Moyángeli mwa yambo ya Bulamatari o [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. [[Category:ya 20 sekulɔ]] [[de:1961]] [[en:1961]] [[fr:1961]] 9785 2006-11-18T13:28:56Z Moyogo 11 sanza ya mɔ̌kɔ́ ==Likambo monɛnɛ== * ==Mbótama== * ==Liwâ== * [[17 ya sanza ya mɔ̌kɔ́]]: [[Patrice Lumumba|Patrice Émery Lumumba]], Moyángeli mwa yambo ya Bulamatari o [[Kɔ́ngɔ-Kinshasa]]. [[Category:ya 20 sekulɔ]] [[de:1961]] [[en:1961]] [[fr:1961]] User talk:Maboko 2774 9780 2006-11-17T21:07:40Z Bombo 12 Mbɔ́tɛ Maboko Mbɔ́tɛ Maboko! Boyéí bolámu na ebandélí ya wikipedia, pour tout question les administratuers [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et [[User:Bombo|Bombo]] sont à ta disposition. Des indications concernant [[User:Moyogo|l'orthographie]] lingála sont disponible, mais la majorité des articles ne la respecte pas ou que partiellement; participer est plus important. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 21:07, 17 novembere 2006 (UTC) Congo 2775 9789 2006-11-18T13:44:26Z Moyogo 11 Redirecting to [[Kɔ́ngɔ]] #REDIRECT [[Kɔ́ngɔ]] India 2776 9801 2006-11-19T06:28:25Z 59.183.21.162 translation request [[image:flag of India.svg|thumb]] '''India''' (Devanagari: भारत Bhārat), officially the Republic of India (Bhārata Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second most populous country, and the most populous liberal democracy in the world. India has a coastline of over seven thousand kilometres, bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the east. India borders Pakistan to the west;China, Nepal and Bhutan to the north-east; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka, Maldives and Indonesia. [[en:India]] 9828 2006-11-21T20:58:14Z Bombo 12 lingála tɛ́ [[image:flag of India.svg|thumb]] '''This article is in english. If you understand english, please translate it to lingála!''' {{lingála tɛ́}} '''India''' (Devanagari: भारत Bhārat), officially the Republic of India (Bhārata Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second most populous country, and the most populous liberal democracy in the world. India has a coastline of over seven thousand kilometres, bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the east. India borders Pakistan to the west;China, Nepal and Bhutan to the north-east; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka, Maldives and Indonesia. [[en:India]] 9923 2006-12-05T02:42:30Z BOT-Superzerocool 78 robot Ajoute: aa, ab, af, ak, als, am, an, ang, ar, arc, as, ast, av, ay, az, ba, bat-smg, be, bg, bh, bi, bm, bn, bo, bpy, br, bs, bug, ca, cbk-zam, ce, ceb, ch, cho, chr, chy, co, cr, cs, csb, cv, cy, da, de, diq, dv, dz, ee, el, eo, es, et, eu, f [[image:flag of India.svg|thumb]] '''This article is in english. If you understand english, please translate it to lingála!''' {{lingála tɛ́}} '''India''' (Devanagari: भारत Bhārat), officially the Republic of India (Bhārata Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second most populous country, and the most populous liberal democracy in the world. India has a coastline of over seven thousand kilometres, bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the east. India borders Pakistan to the west;China, Nepal and Bhutan to the north-east; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka, Maldives and Indonesia. [[aa:India]] [[ab:India]] [[af:Indië]] [[ak:India]] [[als:Indien]] [[am:ህንድ]] [[an:India]] [[ang:India]] [[ar:الهند]] [[arc:India]] [[as:ভারত]] [[ast:India]] [[av:India]] [[ay:India]] [[az:Hindistan]] [[ba:India]] [[bat-smg:India]] [[be:Індыя]] [[bg:Индия]] [[bh:भारत]] [[bi:India]] [[bm:India]] [[bn:ভারত]] [[bo:India]] [[bpy:ভারত]] [[br:India]] [[bs:Indija]] [[bug:India]] [[ca:Índia]] [[cbk-zam:India]] [[ce:India]] [[ceb:Indiya]] [[ch:India]] [[cho:India]] [[chr:India]] [[chy:India]] [[co:India]] [[cr:India]] [[cs:Indie]] [[csb:Indie]] [[cv:Инди]] [[cy:India]] [[da:Indien]] [[de:Indien]] [[diq:Hindıstan]] [[dv:ހިންދުސްތާން]] [[dz:India]] [[ee:India]] [[el:Ινδία]] [[en:India]] [[eo:Barato]] [[es:India]] [[et:India]] [[eu:India]] [[fa:هند]] [[fi:Intia]] [[fiu-vro:India]] [[fj:India]] [[fo:India]] [[fr:Inde]] [[frp:Ende]] [[fur:Indie]] [[fy:Yndia]] [[ga:An India]] [[gd:Na h-Innseachan]] [[gl:India - भारत]] [[gn:India]] [[got:𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌰]] [[gu:ભારત]] [[gv:Yn Injey]] [[ha:India]] [[haw:ʻInia]] [[he:הודו]] [[hi:भारत]] [[ho:India]] [[hr:Indija]] [[ht:End]] [[hu:India]] [[hy:Հնդկաստան]] [[hz:India]] [[ia:India]] [[id:India]] [[ie:India]] [[ig:India]] [[ilo:India]] [[io:India]] [[is:Indland]] [[it:India]] [[iu:ᐃᓐᑎᐊ]] [[ja:インド]] [[jbo:xingu'e]] [[jv:India]] [[ka:ინდოეთი]] [[kg:India]] [[ki:India]] [[kj:India]] [[kk:Үндістан]] [[km:ឥណ្ឌា]] [[kn:ಭಾರತ]] [[ko:인도]] [[ks:ہِندوستان]] [[ksh:Inndije]] [[ku:Hindistan]] [[kv:India]] [[kw:Eynda]] [[ky:India]] [[la:India]] [[lb:Indien]] [[lg:India]] [[li:India]] [[lij:India]] [[lmo:India]] [[lo:India]] [[lt:Indija]] [[lv:Indija]] [[map-bms:India]] [[mg:India]] [[mh:India]] [[mi:Inia (whenua)]] [[mk:Индија]] [[ml:ഇന്ത്യ]] [[mn:Энэтхэг]] [[mo:Индия]] [[mr:भारत]] [[ms:India]] [[mt:Indja]] [[mus:India]] [[my:India]] [[na:India]] [[nah:Indiyān]] [[nap:Innia]] [[nds:Indien]] [[nds-nl:India]] [[ne:भारत]] [[ng:India]] [[nl:India]] [[nn:India]] [[no:India]] [[nov:India]] [[nrm:Înde]] [[nv:India]] [[ny:India]] [[oc:Índia]] [[om:India]] [[or:ଭାରତ]] [[os:Инди]] [[pa:ਭਾਰਤ]] [[pam:India]] [[pap:India]] [[pdc:India]] [[pi:भारत]] [[pih:India]] [[pl:Indie]] [[pms:India]] [[ps:هند]] [[pt:Índia]] [[qu:Indiya]] [[rm:India]] [[rmy:Indiya (Bharat)]] [[rn:India]] [[ro:India]] [[roa-rup:India]] [[ru:Индия]] [[ru-sib:Индия]] [[sa:भारत]] [[sc:Ìndia]] [[scn:Innia]] [[sco:Indie]] [[sd:India]] [[se:India]] [[sg:India]] [[sh:Indija]] [[si:ඉන්දියාව]] [[simple:India]] [[sk:India]] [[sl:Indija]] [[sm:India]] [[sn:India]] [[so:Hindiya]] [[sq:India]] [[sr:Индија]] [[ss:India]] [[st:India]] [[su:India]] [[sv:Indien]] [[sw:Uhindi]] [[ta:இந்தியா]] [[te:భారత దేశము]] [[tet:Índia]] [[tg:Ҳиндустон]] [[th:ประเทศอินเดีย]] [[ti:India]] [[tk:Hindistan]] [[tl:India]] [[to:ʻInitia]] [[tpi:India]] [[tr:Hindistan]] [[ts:India]] [[tt:Hindstan]] [[tum:India]] [[tw:India]] [[ty:’Inītia]] [[udm:Индия]] [[ug:ھىندىستان]] [[uk:Індія]] [[ur:بھارت]] [[uz:Hindiston]] [[ve:India]] [[vec:India]] [[vi:Ấn Độ]] [[vo:India]] [[wa:Inde]] [[war:India]] [[wo:India]] [[wuu:印度]] [[xal:India]] [[xh:India]] [[yi:אינדיע]] [[za:India]] [[zh:印度]] [[zh-min-nan:Ìn-tō͘]] [[zh-yue:印度]] [[zu:India]] Beljika 2777 9803 2006-11-19T07:53:25Z Moyogo 11 Redirecting to [[Bɛ́ljika]] #REDIRECT [[Bɛ́ljika]] Template:Bisé ya Afrika 2778 9805 2006-11-19T07:56:31Z Moyogo 11 [[Template:Bisé ya Afrika]] moved to [[Template:Bisé ya Afríka]]: Afríka #REDIRECT [[Template:Bisé ya Afríka]] Aljeria 2779 9806 2006-11-19T07:58:56Z Moyogo 11 '''Aljeria''' ezalí esé ya likoló ya [[Afríka]]. {{ndámbo}} {{Bisé ya Afríka}} Tunisia 2780 9807 2006-11-19T08:00:55Z Moyogo 11 '''Tunisia''' ezalí esé ya likoló ya [[Afríka]]. {{ndámbo}} {{Bisé ya Afríka}} Repubiliki ya Santrafrika 2781 9808 2006-11-19T08:03:29Z Moyogo 11 '''Repubiliki ya Santrafrika''' tǒ '''Santrafrika''' ezalí [[esé]] ya [[Afríka]] ya [[Mambénga]]. {{Bisé ya Afrika}} {{ndámbo}} Kamerun 2782 9809 2006-11-19T08:04:16Z Moyogo 11 '''Kamerun''' ezalí [[esé]] ya [[Afríka]] ya [[Mambénga]]. {{Bisé ya Afrika}} {{ndámbo}} User talk:Tiyoringo 2783 9821 2006-11-21T20:19:16Z Bombo 12 Mbɔ́tɛ Tiyoringo! Mbɔ́tɛ Tiyoringo! Boyéí bolámu na ebandélí ya wikipedia, pour tout question les administratuers [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et [[User:Bombo|Bombo]] sont à ta disposition. Des indications concernant [[User:Moyogo|l'orthographie]] lingála sont disponible, mais la majorité des articles ne la respecte pas ou que partiellement; participer est plus important. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 20:19, 21 novembere 2006 (UTC) User talk:Wegulo 2784 9822 2006-11-21T20:21:27Z Bombo 12 Mbɔ́tɛ Wegulo! Mbɔ́tɛ Wegulo! Boyéí bolámu na ebandélí ya wikipedia, pour tout question les administratuers [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et [[User:Bombo|Bombo]] sont à ta disposition. Des indications concernant [[User:Moyogo|l'orthographie]] lingála sont disponible, mais la majorité des articles ne la respecte pas ou que partiellement; participer est plus important. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 20:21, 21 novembere 2006 (UTC) MediaWiki:Cite text 2785 9833 2006-11-21T22:15:38Z Bombo 12 50% lingála __NOTOC__ <div style="border: 1px solid grey; background: #E6E8FA; width: 90%; padding: 15px 30px 15px 30px; margin: 10px auto;"> == Informations bibliographiques sur {{FULLPAGENAME}} == * Ekakoli: {{FULLPAGENAME}} * Auteurs: {{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=history}} * Monkanda ya {{SITENAME}}, búku ya libosó ya lingála * Mokɔlɔ na bosɔsɔli lisusu: {{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}} {{CURRENTTIME}} UTC * Ekakoli esɔsɔlaki: <citation>{{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}} {{CURRENTTIME}} UTC</citation> * URL ya ntango yɔnsɔ: {{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|oldid={{REVISIONID}}}} * Numéro de version: {{REVISIONID}} </div> <div class="plainlinks" style="border: 1px solid grey; width: 90%; padding: 15px 30px 15px 30px; margin: 10px auto;"> == Comment citer la page {{FULLPAGENAME}} == === [[Ndenge APA]] === {{FULLPAGENAME}}. ({{CURRENTYEAR}}, {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}}). ''{{SITENAME}}, {{int:sitesubtitle}}''. Ekakoli esɔsɔlaki <citation>{{CURRENTTIME}}, {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}}, {{CURRENTYEAR}}</citation> ya {{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|oldid={{REVISIONID}}}}. === [[The MLA style manual|Ndenge MLA]] === "{{FULLPAGENAME}}." ''{{SITENAME}}, {{int:sitesubtitle}}''. {{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHABBREV}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}, {{CURRENTTIME}} UTC. <citation>{{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHABBREV}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}, {{CURRENTTIME}}</citation> &lt;{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|oldid={{REVISIONID}}}}&gt;. === [[MHRA Style Guide|Ndenge MHRA]] === Contributeurs na Wikipedia, '{{FULLPAGENAME}}', ''{{SITENAME}}, {{int:sitesubtitle}},'' {{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}, {{CURRENTTIME}} UTC, &lt;{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|oldid={{REVISIONID}}}}&gt; [Ekakoli esɔsɔlaki <citation>{{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}</citation>] === [[The Chicago Manual of Style|Ndenge Chicago]] === Contributeurs na Wikipedia, "{{FULLPAGENAME}}," ''{{SITENAME}}, {{int:sitesubtitle}},'' {{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|oldid={{REVISIONID}}}} (Ekakoli esɔsɔlaki <citation>{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}}, {{CURRENTYEAR}}</citation>). === [[Council of Science Editors|Ndenge CBE/CSE]] === Contributeurs na Wikipedia. {{FULLPAGENAME}} [Internet]. {{SITENAME}}, {{int:sitesubtitle}}; {{CURRENTYEAR}} {{CURRENTMONTHABBREV}} {{CURRENTDAY}}, {{CURRENTTIME}} UTC [cited <citation>{{CURRENTYEAR}} {{CURRENTMONTHABBREV}} {{CURRENTDAY}}</citation>]. Disponible à l'adresse: {{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|oldid={{REVISIONID}}}}. === [[Bluebook|Ndenge Bluebook]] === {{FULLPAGENAME}}, {{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|oldid={{REVISIONID}}}} (Ekakoli esɔsɔlaki <citation>{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}}, {{CURRENTYEAR}}</citation>). === [[BibTeX]] === @misc{ wiki:xxx, author = "{{SITENAME}}", title = "{{FULLPAGENAME}} --- {{SITENAME}}{,} {{int:sitesubtitle}}", year = "{{CURRENTYEAR}}", url = "{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|oldid={{REVISIONID}}}}", note = "[En ligne; Page disponible le <citation>{{CURRENTDAY}}-{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}-{{CURRENTYEAR}}</citation>]" } Lorsque vous utilisez la package url sous [[LaTeX]] (<code>\usepackage{url}</code> quelque part dans le préambule) qui améliore l'affichage des adresses internet, veuillez utiliser de préférence ce format: @misc{ wiki:xxx, author = "{{SITENAME}}", title = "{{FULLPAGENAME}} --- {{SITENAME}}{,} {{int:sitesubtitle}}", year = "{{CURRENTYEAR}}", url = "'''\url{'''{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|oldid={{REVISIONID}}}}'''}'''", note = "[En ligne; Page disponible le <citation>{{CURRENTDAY}}-{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}-{{CURRENTYEAR}}</citation>]" } </div> <!--closing div for "plainlinks"--> User talk:ALE! 2786 9838 2006-11-23T14:08:39Z Bombo 12 Mbɔ́tɛ ALE! Mbɔ́tɛ ALE! ! Boyéí bolámu na ebandélí ya wikipedia, pour tout question les administratuers [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et [[User:Bombo|Bombo]] sont à ta disposition. Des indications concernant [[User:Moyogo|l'orthographie]] lingála sont disponible, mais la majorité des articles ne la respecte pas ou que partiellement; participer est plus important. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 14:08, 23 novembere 2006 (UTC) Mbándáká 2787 9841 2006-11-23T19:11:18Z Moyogo 11 New page: '''Mbándáká''' ezalí mbóka ya Etúká ya [[Ekwatéli (etúká)|Ekwatéli]]. '''Mbándáká''' ezalí mbóka ya Etúká ya [[Ekwatéli (etúká)|Ekwatéli]]. 9842 2006-11-23T19:11:51Z Moyogo 11 [[Mbandaka]] moved to [[Mbándáká]]: ortho Eyamba Georges Bokamba '''Mbándáká''' ezalí mbóka ya Etúká ya [[Ekwatéli (etúká)|Ekwatéli]]. Mbandaka 2788 9843 2006-11-23T19:11:51Z Moyogo 11 [[Mbandaka]] moved to [[Mbándáká]]: ortho Eyamba Georges Bokamba #REDIRECT [[Mbándáká]] User talk:Jorunn 2789 9849 2006-11-25T16:39:09Z Bombo 12 Mbɔ́tɛ Jorunn! Mbɔ́tɛ Jorunn! Boyéí bolámu na ebandélí ya wikipedia, pour tout question les administratuers [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et [[User:Bombo|Bombo]] sont à ta disposition. Des indications concernant [[User:Moyogo|l'orthographie]] lingála sont disponible, mais la majorité des articles ne la respecte pas ou que partiellement; participer est plus important. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 16:39, 25 novembere 2006 (UTC) Category:International economics 2790 9851 2006-11-25T17:01:40Z Bombo 12 cat [[Category:Lingála tɛ]] 9863 2006-11-25T17:14:09Z Bombo 12 typo [[Category:Lingála tɛ́]] Category:International trade 2791 9852 2006-11-25T17:03:04Z Bombo 12 cat [[Category:Lingála tɛ]] 9864 2006-11-25T17:14:35Z Bombo 12 typo [[Category:Lingála tɛ́]] Category:Bakomini ya Londoni 2792 9853 2006-11-25T17:03:43Z Bombo 12 cat [[Category:Londoni]] Category:Encodings 2793 9854 2006-11-25T17:04:38Z Bombo 12 cat [[Category:Lingála tɛ]] 9862 2006-11-25T17:13:44Z Bombo 12 typo [[Category:Lingála tɛ́]] Category:Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki 2795 9856 2006-11-25T17:07:09Z Bombo 12 cat [[Category:Bisé ya Afrika]] Category:Israel 2797 9858 2006-11-25T17:09:08Z Bombo 12 cat [[Category:Bisé ya Asia]] Category:Biblíya 2798 9859 2006-11-25T17:10:35Z Bombo 12 cat [[Category:Boklísto]] Category:Lingála tɛ́ 2799 9860 2006-11-25T17:12:34Z Bombo 12 cat [[Category:Wikipedia]] Category:User el 2800 9865 2006-11-25T17:17:17Z Bombo 12 cat [[Category:Wikipediens par langue]] Category:User el-N 2801 9866 2006-11-25T17:18:32Z Bombo 12 cat [[Category:User el]] Category:Wikipediens 2802 9867 2006-11-25T17:19:50Z Bombo 12 cat [[Category:Wikipedia]] Category:Bandambo ya Nkota ya Nijer-Kongo 2803 9868 2006-11-25T17:21:36Z Bombo 12 cat [[Category:Nkótá ya Afrika]] Category:Nkótá ya Afrika 2804 9869 2006-11-25T17:21:58Z Bombo 12 cat [[Category:Nkótá ya mokili]] Category:Londoni 2805 9872 2006-11-25T17:31:01Z Bombo 12 cat [[Category:Bingumba bya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] Category:Bingumba bya Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ 2806 9873 2006-11-25T17:31:20Z Bombo 12 cat [[Category:Ingɛlɛ́tɛlɛ]] Catégorie:Principale 2807 9874 2006-11-25T17:34:37Z Bombo 12 Redirecting to [[Special:Uncategorizedcategories]] #REDIRECT[[Special:Uncategorizedcategories]] Category:Nkótá ya mokili 2808 9875 2006-11-25T17:35:22Z Bombo 12 cat [[Category:Category:Lokótá]] 9876 2006-11-25T17:35:43Z Bombo 12 typo [[Category:Lokótá]] Berlin 2810 9892 2006-11-28T12:51:29Z 84.174.215.27 New page: [[Image:Coat of arms of Berlin.svg|thumb|right|Almwali ya Berlin]] Mbóka tô engúmba '''Berlin''' (/paˈʀi/, ''Berlin'' na lokóta ya [[Lialémani]]) ezali [[mbóka-mokonzi]] ya [[Além... [[Image:Coat of arms of Berlin.svg|thumb|right|Almwali ya Berlin]] Mbóka tô engúmba '''Berlin''' (/paˈʀi/, ''Berlin'' na lokóta ya [[Lialémani]]) ezali [[mbóka-mokonzi]] ya [[Alémani]]. Ezali engúmba monɛ́nɛ, na milioni 3.4 ya bato (2005). {commons|Berlin} [[Category:Ndámbo]] [[Category:Alémani]] [[Category:mbóka-mokonzi]] [[af:Berlyn]] [[als:Berlin]] [[an:Berlín]] [[ang:Berlin]] [[ar:برلين]] [[arc:ܒܪܠܝܢ]] [[ast:Berlín]] [[bar:Berlin]] [[be:Бэрлін]] [[bg:Берлин]] [[bs:Berlin]] [[ca:Berlín]] [[cs:Berlín]] [[csb:Berlëno]] [[cv:Берлин]] [[cy:Berlin]] [[da:Berlin]] [[el:Βερολίνο]] [[en:Berlin]] [[eo:Berlino]] [[es:Berlín]] [[et:Berliin]] [[eu:Berlin]] [[fa:برلین]] [[fi:Berliini]] [[fo:Berlin]] [[fr:Berlin]] [[ga:Beirlín]] [[gd:Berlin]] [[gl:Berlín - Berlin]] [[he:ברלין]] [[hr:Berlin]] [[hu:Berlin]] [[hy:Բերլին]] [[id:Berlin]] [[io:Berlin]] [[is:Berlín]] [[it:Berlino]] [[ja:ベルリン]] [[jv:Berlin]] [[ka:ბერლინი]] [[ko:베를린]] [[ku:Berlîn]] [[kw:Berlin]] [[la:Berolinum]] [[lb:Berlin]] [[li:Berlien]] [[lt:Berlynas]] [[lv:Berlīne]] [[mk:Берлин]] [[mr:बर्लिन]] [[ms:Berlin]] [[nds:Berlin]] [[nl:Berlijn]] [[nn:Berlin]] [[no:Berlin]] [[oc:Berlin]] [[pdc:Berlin, Deitschland]] [[pl:Berlin]] [[pms:Berlin]] [[pt:Berlim]] [[qu:Berlín]] [[ro:Berlin]] [[ru:Берлин]] [[scn:Birlinu]] [[sh:Berlin]] [[simple:Berlin]] [[sk:Berlín]]{{Link FA|sk}} [[sl:Berlin]] [[sq:Berlini]] [[sr:Берлин]]{{Link FA|sr}} [[sv:Berlin]] [[ta:பெர்லின்]] [[th:เบอร์ลิน]] [[tr:Berlin]] [[ty:Berlin]] [[ug:بېرلىن]] [[uk:Берлін]] [[vi:Berlin]] [[vo:Berlin]] [[yi:בערלין]] [[zh:柏林]] 9893 2006-11-28T12:53:05Z 84.174.215.27 [[Image:Coat of arms of Berlin.svg|thumb|right|Almwali ya Berlin]] Mbóka tô engúmba '''Berlin''' (/paˈʀi/, ''Berlin'' na lokóta ya [[Lialémani]]) ezali [[mbóka-mokonzi]] ya [[Alémani]]. Ezali engúmba monɛ́nɛ, na milioni 3.4 ya bato (2005). {{Commons|Berlin}} [[Category:Ndámbo]] [[Category:Alémani]] [[Category:mbóka-mokonzi]] [[af:Berlyn]] [[als:Berlin]] [[an:Berlín]] [[ang:Berlin]] [[ar:برلين]] [[arc:ܒܪܠܝܢ]] [[ast:Berlín]] [[bar:Berlin]] [[be:Бэрлін]] [[bg:Берлин]] [[bs:Berlin]] [[ca:Berlín]] [[cs:Berlín]] [[csb:Berlëno]] [[cv:Берлин]] [[cy:Berlin]] [[da:Berlin]] [[el:Βερολίνο]] [[en:Berlin]] [[eo:Berlino]] [[es:Berlín]] [[et:Berliin]] [[eu:Berlin]] [[fa:برلین]] [[fi:Berliini]] [[fo:Berlin]] [[fr:Berlin]] [[ga:Beirlín]] [[gd:Berlin]] [[gl:Berlín - Berlin]] [[he:ברלין]] [[hr:Berlin]] [[hu:Berlin]] [[hy:Բերլին]] [[id:Berlin]] [[io:Berlin]] [[is:Berlín]] [[it:Berlino]] [[ja:ベルリン]] [[jv:Berlin]] [[ka:ბერლინი]] [[ko:베를린]] [[ku:Berlîn]] [[kw:Berlin]] [[la:Berolinum]] [[lb:Berlin]] [[li:Berlien]] [[lt:Berlynas]] [[lv:Berlīne]] [[mk:Берлин]] [[mr:बर्लिन]] [[ms:Berlin]] [[nds:Berlin]] [[nl:Berlijn]] [[nn:Berlin]] [[no:Berlin]] [[oc:Berlin]] [[pdc:Berlin, Deitschland]] [[pl:Berlin]] [[pms:Berlin]] [[pt:Berlim]] [[qu:Berlín]] [[ro:Berlin]] [[ru:Берлин]] [[scn:Birlinu]] [[sh:Berlin]] [[simple:Berlin]] [[sk:Berlín]]{{Link FA|sk}} [[sl:Berlin]] [[sq:Berlini]] [[sr:Берлин]]{{Link FA|sr}} [[sv:Berlin]] [[ta:பெர்லின்]] [[th:เบอร์ลิน]] [[tr:Berlin]] [[ty:Berlin]] [[ug:بېرلىن]] [[uk:Берлін]] [[vi:Berlin]] [[vo:Berlin]] [[yi:בערלין]] [[zh:柏林]] 9894 2006-11-28T12:53:37Z 84.174.215.27 [[Image:Coat of arms of Berlin.svg|thumb|right|Almwali ya Berlin]] Mbóka tô engúmba '''Berlin''' (/paˈʀi/, ''Berlin'' na lokóta ya [[Lialémani]]) ezali [[mbóka-mokonzi]] ya [[Alémani]]. Ezali engúmba monɛ́nɛ, na milioni 3.4 ya bato (2005). {{Commons|Berlin}} [[Category:Ndámbo]] [[Category:Alémani]] [[Category:mbóka-mokonzi]] [[af:Berlyn]] [[als:Berlin]] [[an:Berlín]] [[ang:Berlin]] [[ar:برلين]] [[arc:ܒܪܠܝܢ]] [[ast:Berlín]] [[bar:Berlin]] [[be:Бэрлін]] [[bg:Берлин]] [[bs:Berlin]] [[ca:Berlín]] [[cs:Berlín]] [[csb:Berlëno]] [[cv:Берлин]] [[cy:Berlin]] [[da:Berlin]] [[el:Βερολίνο]] [[en:Berlin]] [[eo:Berlino]] [[es:Berlín]] [[et:Berliin]] [[eu:Berlin]] [[fa:برلین]] [[fi:Berliini]] [[fo:Berlin]] [[fr:Berlin]] [[ga:Beirlín]] [[gd:Berlin]] [[gl:Berlín - Berlin]] [[he:ברלין]] [[hr:Berlin]] [[hu:Berlin]] [[hy:Բերլին]] [[id:Berlin]] [[io:Berlin]] [[is:Berlín]] [[it:Berlino]] [[ja:ベルリン]] [[jv:Berlin]] [[ka:ბერლინი]] [[ko:베를린]] [[ku:Berlîn]] [[kw:Berlin]] [[la:Berolinum]] [[lb:Berlin]] [[li:Berlien]] [[lt:Berlynas]] [[lv:Berlīne]] [[mk:Берлин]] [[mr:बर्लिन]] [[ms:Berlin]] [[nds:Berlin]] [[nl:Berlijn]] [[nn:Berlin]] [[no:Berlin]] [[oc:Berlin]] [[pdc:Berlin, Deitschland]] [[pl:Berlin]] [[pms:Berlin]] [[pt:Berlim]] [[qu:Berlín]] [[ro:Berlin]] [[ru:Берлин]] [[scn:Birlinu]] [[sh:Berlin]] [[simple:Berlin]] [[sk:Berlín]] [[sl:Berlin]] [[sq:Berlini]] [[sr:Берлин]] [[sv:Berlin]] [[ta:பெர்லின்]] [[th:เบอร์ลิน]] [[tr:Berlin]] [[ty:Berlin]] [[ug:بېرلىن]] [[uk:Берлін]] [[vi:Berlin]] [[vo:Berlin]] [[yi:בערלין]] [[zh:柏林]] 9926 2006-12-05T14:55:07Z 84.174.216.216 [[Image:Coat of arms of Berlin.svg|thumb|right|Almwali ya Berlin]] Mbóka tô engúmba '''Berlin''' (/paˈʀi/, ''Berlin'' na lokóta ya [[Lialémani]]) ezali [[mbóka-mokonzi]] ya [[Alémani]]. Ezali engúmba monɛ́nɛ, na milioni 3.4 ya bato (2005). {{Commons|Berlin}} [[Category:Ndámbo]] [[Category:Alémani]] [[Category:mbóka-mokonzi]] [[af:Berlyn]] [[als:Berlin]] [[an:Berlín]] [[ang:Berlin]] [[ar:برلين]] [[arc:ܒܪܠܝܢ]] [[ast:Berlín]] [[bar:Berlin]] [[be:Бэрлін]] [[bg:Берлин]] [[bs:Berlin]] [[ca:Berlín]] [[cs:Berlín]] [[csb:Berlëno]] [[cv:Берлин]] [[cy:Berlin]] [[da:Berlin]] [[de:Berlin]] [[el:Βερολίνο]] [[en:Berlin]] [[eo:Berlino]] [[es:Berlín]] [[et:Berliin]] [[eu:Berlin]] [[fa:برلین]] [[fi:Berliini]] [[fo:Berlin]] [[fr:Berlin]] [[ga:Beirlín]] [[gd:Berlin]] [[gl:Berlín - Berlin]] [[he:ברלין]] [[hr:Berlin]] [[hu:Berlin]] [[hy:Բերլին]] [[id:Berlin]] [[io:Berlin]] [[is:Berlín]] [[it:Berlino]] [[ja:ベルリン]] [[jv:Berlin]] [[ka:ბერლინი]] [[ko:베를린]] [[ku:Berlîn]] [[kw:Berlin]] [[la:Berolinum]] [[lb:Berlin]] [[li:Berlien]] [[lt:Berlynas]] [[lv:Berlīne]] [[mk:Берлин]] [[mr:बर्लिन]] [[ms:Berlin]] [[nds:Berlin]] [[nl:Berlijn]] [[nn:Berlin]] [[no:Berlin]] [[oc:Berlin]] [[pdc:Berlin, Deitschland]] [[pl:Berlin]] [[pms:Berlin]] [[pt:Berlim]] [[qu:Berlín]] [[ro:Berlin]] [[ru:Берлин]] [[scn:Birlinu]] [[sh:Berlin]] [[simple:Berlin]] [[sk:Berlín]] [[sl:Berlin]] [[sq:Berlini]] [[sr:Берлин]] [[sv:Berlin]] [[ta:பெர்லின்]] [[th:เบอร์ลิน]] [[tr:Berlin]] [[ty:Berlin]] [[ug:بېرلىن]] [[uk:Берлін]] [[vi:Berlin]] [[vo:Berlin]] [[yi:בערלין]] [[zh:柏林]] Category:Alémani 2811 9895 2006-11-28T14:17:26Z 160.85.2.50 cat [[Category:Bisé ya Eropa]] Category:Sánzá na mbúla 2812 9908 2006-11-30T01:30:01Z Moyogo 11 New page: [[Category:Manáka]] [[fr:Catégorie:Mois de l'année]] [[Category:Manáka]] [[fr:Catégorie:Mois de l'année]] 9909 2006-11-30T01:30:26Z Moyogo 11 [[Category:Manáka]] [[Category:Ntángo]] [[fr:Catégorie:Mois de l'année]] User talk:DIEGO RICARDO PEREIRA 2813 9920 2006-12-04T14:26:22Z Bombo 12 Mbɔ́tɛ Mbɔ́tɛ DIEGO RICARDO PEREIRA! Boyéí bolámu na ebandélí ya wikipedia, pour tout question les administratuers [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et [[User:Bombo|Bombo]] sont à ta disposition. Des indications concernant [[User:Moyogo|l'orthographie]] lingála sont disponible, mais la majorité des articles ne la respecte pas ou que partiellement; participer est plus important. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 14:26, 4 desembere 2006 (UTC) User talk:Ryulong 2814 9921 2006-12-04T14:28:51Z Bombo 12 Mbɔ́tɛ Ryulong! Mbɔ́tɛ Ryulong! Boyéí bolámu na ebandélí ya wikipedia, pour tout question les administratuers [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et [[User:Bombo|Bombo]] sont à ta disposition. Des indications concernant [[User:Moyogo|l'orthographie]] lingála sont disponible, mais la majorité des articles ne la respecte pas ou que partiellement; participer est plus important. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 14:28, 4 desembere 2006 (UTC) Kimbembe Mazunga 2815 9951 2006-12-11T11:33:10Z 160.85.2.50 New page: '''Kimbembe Mazunga''' azalaki Gouverneur ya [[Kinsásá]] tee 15 oktobele [[2006]]. '''Kimbembe Mazunga''' azalaki Gouverneur ya [[Kinsásá]] tee 15 oktobele [[2006]]. Baudoin Liwanga Maata 2816 9952 2006-12-11T11:35:53Z 160.85.2.50 New page: '''Baudoin Liwanga Maata''' azali Gouverneur ya [[Kinsásá]] depuis 16 oktobele [[2006]]. '''Baudoin Liwanga Maata''' azali Gouverneur ya [[Kinsásá]] depuis 16 oktobele [[2006]]. 9953 2006-12-11T11:38:20Z 160.85.2.50 fr: '''Baudoin Liwanga Maata''' azali Gouverneur ya [[Kinsásá]] depuis 16 oktobele [[2006]]. [[fr:Baudouin Liwanga]] 9958 2006-12-12T14:49:18Z Bombo 12 Nyamunyobo '''Baudoin Liwanga Maata Nyamunyobo ''' azali Gouverneur ya [[Kinsásá]] depuis 16 oktobele [[2006]]. [[fr:Baudouin Liwanga]] User talk:GastelEtzwane 2817 9957 2006-12-12T14:48:07Z Bombo 12 New page: Mbɔ́tɛ GastelEtzwane! Boyéí bolámu na ebandélí ya wikipedia, pour tout question les administratuers [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et [[User:Bombo|Bombo]] sont à ta disposition. Des indic... Mbɔ́tɛ GastelEtzwane! Boyéí bolámu na ebandélí ya wikipedia, pour tout question les administratuers [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et [[User:Bombo|Bombo]] sont à ta disposition. Des indications concernant [[User:Moyogo|l'orthographie]] lingála sont disponible, mais la majorité des articles ne la respecte pas ou que partiellement; participer est plus important! Je suis ravi de lire tes contributions bientôt. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 14:48, 12 desembere 2006 (UTC) User:Ev 2818 9984 2006-12-16T23:07:44Z Ev 101 New page: {{Babel-5|en-3|es|de-2|fr-1|ln-0}} [[meta:User:Ev]] {{Babel-5|en-3|es|de-2|fr-1|ln-0}} [[meta:User:Ev]] 9990 2006-12-17T21:59:02Z Ev 101 {{Babel-5|ln-0|en-3|es|de-2|fr-1}} [[meta:User:Ev]] *You can leave me a message on [[m:User talk:Ev|my talk page on meta]]. *Vous pouvez me laisser un message sur [[m:User talk:Ev|ma page de discussion sur méta]]. *Puede dejarme un mensaje en [[m:User talk:Ev|mi página de discusión en meta]]. *Puoi lasciarmi un messaggio nella [[m:User talk:Ev|mia pagina di discussione su meta]]. *Sie können mir eine Nachricht auf [[m:User talk:Ev|meiner Diskussionsseite im meta]] hinterlassen. ( Please, help me by adding a similar message in Lingala at the top of the list, and removing this petition at the same time. Thanks :-) Molongo ya bakomini ya Kinshasa 2819 9999 2006-12-19T10:31:52Z Bombo 12 [[Molongo ya bakomini ya Kinshasa]] moved to [[Molongo ya bakomini ya Kinsásá]]: lingala #REDIRECT [[Molongo ya bakomini ya Kinsásá]] User talk:Desbad1 2820 10019 2006-12-20T17:26:10Z Bombo 12 New page: Mbɔ́tɛ Ryulong! Boyéí bolámu na ebandélí ya wikipedia, pour tout question les administratuers [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et [[User:Bombo|Bombo]] sont à ta disposition. Des indications... Mbɔ́tɛ Ryulong! Boyéí bolámu na ebandélí ya wikipedia, pour tout question les administratuers [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et [[User:Bombo|Bombo]] sont à ta disposition. Des indications concernant [[User:Moyogo|l'orthographie]] lingála sont disponible, mais la majorité des articles ne la respecte pas ou que partiellement; participer est plus important. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 17:26, 20 desembere 2006 (UTC) 10020 2006-12-20T17:26:49Z Bombo 12 Mbɔ́tɛ Desbad1 Mbɔ́tɛ Desbad1! Boyéí bolámu na ebandélí ya wikipedia, pour tout question les administratuers [[User:Moyogo|Moyogo]] et [[User:Bombo|Bombo]] sont à ta disposition. Des indications concernant [[User:Moyogo|l'orthographie]] lingála sont disponible, mais la majorité des articles ne la respecte pas ou que partiellement; participer est plus important. --[[User:Bombo|Bombo]] 17:26, 20 desembere 2006 (UTC)